The Reception of Northrop Frye 9781487537746

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The Reception of Northrop Frye

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The Reception of Northrop Frye

Compiled by Robert D. Denham

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS Toronto Buffalo London

©  University of Toronto Press 2021 Toronto Buffalo London utorontopress.com Printed in the U.S.A. ISBN 978-1-4875-0820-3 (cloth)   ISBN 978-1-4875-3775-3 (EPUB)   ISBN 978-1-4875-3774-6 (PDF) Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Title: The reception of Northrop Frye / compiled by Robert D. Denham. Names: Denham, Robert D., compiler. Identifiers: Canadiana (print) 20210190787 | Canadiana (ebook) 20210191074 | ISBN 9781487508203 (hardcover)   | ISBN 9781487537746 (PDF) | ISBN 9781487537753 (EPUB) Subjects: LCSH: Frye, Northrop – Bibliography. | LCSH: Frye, Northrop – Appreciation – Bibliography. | LCSH: Frye,   Northrop – Criticism and interpretation – Bibliography. | LCSH: Criticism – Canada – Bibliography. | LCSH: Literature – History   and criticism – Theory, etc. – Bibliography. | LCGFT: Bibliographies. Classification: LCC Z8317.83 .D46 2021 | DDC 016.801/95092–dc23

University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial assistance to its publishing program of the Canada Council for the Arts and the Ontario Arts Council, an agency of the Government of Ontario.

For B Millner

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Contents

Introduction

ix

1  Books and Symposia

3

2  Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

23

3  Obituaries, Memorials, Tributes

471

4  News and Feature Stories, Miscellaneous Items

475

5  Biographical Notices and Articles

489

6  Reviews of Frye’s Books, Excluding Those in the Collected Works

491

7  Reviews of the Volumes in Frye’s Collected Works

557

8  Dissertations and Theses on Frye

570

Appendix. Frye’s Books: Editions and Translations

703

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Introduction

In 2014 Colin McCabe wrote, “Nothing fades quicker than critical reputation. In my first year at university [1967], Northrop Frye was the dernier cri, but I do not sense that he is much read now, his name having been ‘buried’ in obscurity” (131). Marjorie Garber sees the alleged demise of Frye as part of a wider turn from myth criticism to new historicism. At mid-century, she says, Northrop Frye led the way with strong cross-cultural claims about similitude and difference. A quest for universals and universal myths and patterns preoccupied scholars, whether in the archetypes of Frye or the quite different archetypes of Carl Jung. . . . Myth was everywhere. And then the moment was gone. Historical questions about the local, the specific, the contingent and the idiosyncratic took center stage, and universal claims—claims about universal symbols or universal practices or universal beliefs—tended to be regarded as naïve, or hegemonic, or both. (18–19)

William Kerrigan voices a similar opinion. “More than any critic of his day,” he writes, “Frye exercised the literary canon. No one, not even his great rival, M.H. Abrams, seemed able to touch the great works of many periods and languages with such omni-competent authority. But Frye is gone now [2014]. The feminists, postmodernists, new historians, and neo-marxists have buried him in a mass grave marked White Male Liberal Humanism” (198). A variation of this judgment is Sir Frank Kermode’s observation: “Looking back at the study of English in universities over the years the first thing that occurs to me is how very important the subject once seemed. . . . the leading academic literary critics were, in those days, very famous people. Think, for example, of Northrop Frye. Frye’s is now a name that you never hear mentioned but which was then everywhere” (Sutherland). Denis Donoghue concurs. In a 1992 review of Frye’s The Double Vision, he writes, “For about fifteen years—say from 1957 to 1972—Frye was the most influential critic in the English-speaking world. . . . [He] went out of phase if not out of sight when readers lost interest in ‘first and last things’ and set about a political program of

one kind or another under the guise of reading and teaching literature.” Shehla Burney agrees that Frye has “fallen out of favor since the rise of contemporary literary theory” (44). In the mid-1960s the English Institute devoted a session to Frye at its annual meeting, and Murray Krieger’s bold opinion, delivered on that occasion, was that, because of Anatomy of Criticism, Frye “has had an influence—indeed an absolute hold—on a generation of developing literary critics greater and more exclusive than that of any one theorist in recent critical history. One thinks of other movements that have held sway, but these seem not to have developed so completely on a single critic—nay, on a single work—as has the criticism in the work of Frye and his Anatomy” (1–2). An op-ed journalist for the Toronto Star remarked in 1992 that “by the time of Frye’s death at 78, that intellectual hold had been loosened somewhat, but his thought shows every sign of continuing to be a permanent contribution to our understanding of literature” (Anonymous). But in some circles the “permanent contribution” judgment has not held. Such judgment is summed up by Toronto journalist Phillip Marchand, who writes: “It has become a commonplace for academics and intellectuals to dismiss Frye as outmoded, full of bad, bourgeois habits such as transcendent humanism, liberalism and so on. His reputation has gone for a nose dive. . . . In short, Frye’s bones have been pulverized in the mills of academic fashion,” however much the metaphors of nose-diving and bone-pulverizing move us away from the point Marchand wants to make. Such opinions, nevertheless, have a tendency to reproduce themselves until they become widespread, having hardened into dogma. Here is a sampler: Margaret Wente: “I wonder what Northrop Frye would make of modern English studies? Unfortunately (or perhaps fortunately), the giant of literary criticism is not around to say. The grand sweep of his work, with its timeless archetypes and universal themes of fall and redemption, enthralled a generation of students. Today [2015] he’s just another dead white male, along with Blake and Shakespeare.”

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Alec Scott: “During the postmodernist wave that began to wash over North America in the 1980s . . . [the] Anatomy fell out of style, and many hip, young literature profs took it off their reading lists.” Joseph Epstein includes Northrop Frye among a group of critics who for some time have been “fading from prominence and now [2007] beginning to fade from memory.” Camille Paglia: “Northrop Frye was a titanic figure during my college and postgraduate years, and it is shocking how quickly his work was swept away by the influx of post-structuralism.” Warren Moore, writing in 2001: “While the broad heading of literary theory seems to offer room for a virtual pantechnicon of ideas, the Canadian theorist’s works have been marginalized to the point of being considered something like alchemy—possibly of historical interest but really of no use in a post/modern world. The reasons for this fall from grace range from the lack of immediately apparent political usefulness . . . to the currently fashionable pluralistic worldview that rejects ‘synoptic theories’ by definition.” Ian Buchanan: In 2010 he opines that “Frye’s work has fallen into a state of relative neglect.” Richard Halpern: “It is no accident that Northrop Frye occupies the third and middle chapter in this study of Shakespeare and modernism, for Frye’s career dominated Anglo-American literary criticism in the middle decades of this century. Like the Tower of Babel he was so fond of referring to, Frye achieved an eminence in the field of literary studies that remains unequaled by any successor. And like that biblical tower, Frye’s elaborately constructed system now [1997] lies in ruins.” Richard Lane: “The overarching project of the Anatomy of Criticism reveals why Frye’s approach is now [2006] out of favour: he attempts to account for the entire field of literary criticism in a totalizing gesture that is now read as deluded” Mervyn Nicholson: “Frye himself is now an elephant in the room, someone who is there but not there—a strange figure, an outsider in literary/cultural studies, whose ideas are now [2016] rejected but were never really absorbed or digested. Frye is arguably the most original thinker Canada has produced. His impact from 1950 to 1975 was enormous. That influence screeched to a halt in the late 1970s.” Graham Good. “This is a wintry season for Frye’s work in the West”; “the once-great repute of the Wizard of the North is now [2004] maintained only by a few Keepers of the Flame.”

Marcia Kahan, writing in 1985 on a debate between Frank Kermode and Terry Eagleton: “About the only subject on which they could agree was Frye’s obsolescence,” adding that Eagleton asked what was a decidedly rhetorical question, ‘Who now reads Frye?’” One of the more prominent surveyors of critical theories, Frank Lentricchia, located Anatomy of Criticism at the head of a line of “-ologies” and “-isms” that marched onto the scene “after the new criticism”—existentialism, phenomenology, structuralism, and poststructuralism. Lentricchia worried about Frye’s attack on subjectivity, individuation, and the romantic conception of the self, and he noted that Frye’s conception of the centre of the order of words “anticipates and, then, crucially rejects” Derrida’s notion that such metaphors of centre, origin, and structure close off the possibility of “freeplay” (13–14). Moreover, Frye is said to have privileged spatial over temporal conceptions, centripetal over centrifugal movements, romantic over ironic modes of literature, and utopian desire over contingent, historical reality, Lentricchia’s unstated assumption being that it is self-evident in each case that the latter idea in these oppositions is to be preferred to the former. Years later he claimed that his essay “tried to point up the structuralist and poststructuralist moment in Frye” (Salusinszky 186), but that is a caricature of the aim of his chapter, which is to debunk all Frygean assumptions that do not conform to his armchair view of historical consciousness and antifoundational awareness. Lentricchia maintains that Frye continued to “water down”—his phrase—the positions taken in the Anatomy through a series of books (30), but he gives no evidence of having read, say, The Critical Path (1971), where Frye addresses the forms of ideology that underlie the program for criticism that Lentricchia prefers. He concludes by asserting that no one in the mid-1960s would have predicted that Frye would be “unceremoniously tossed ‘on the dump’ . . . with other useless relics” (30). The “useless relic” thesis was advanced by Lentricchia in 1980, twenty-three years after the Anatomy appeared but before the richly productive decade that saw the publication of The Secular Scripture, The Great Code, Words with Power, The Double Vision, and Myth and Metaphor, not to say the previously unpublished material (notebooks, diaries, correspondence, student papers, and the like), which would practically double the Frye corpus.1 The Reception of Northrop Frye is offered as evidence that the demise of Frye’s influence, like the rumours of Mark Twain’s death, have been very greatly exaggerated. What kinds of evidence might be offered to test the truth of the claims that Frye is obsolete, that his works have been buried in obscurity, that he is now seen as deluded,

1 This paragraph borrows some sentences from my “Pity the Northrop Frye Scholar? Anatomy of Criticism Fifty Years After.”

Introduction

that his influence screeched to a halt in the late-1970s, that his criticism fell out of style and has begun to fade from memory, and that the history of literary criticism has now passed him by? One obvious way to challenge the naysayers is to consider the ways that Frye’s readers have responded to his practical and theoretical criticism. The title of the present book points to the general principle that one can determine the way literary critics have been received by studying what has been written about them. A record of this writing is contained in The Reception of Northrop Frye. It provides a listing of the responses of readers to Frye’s texts. This listing is a form of what has been called “reception aesthetics,” as advanced by its chief theorists, Hans Robert Jauss and Wolfgang Iser, both of whom have set forth forms of reader-response criticism. At the beginning we should notice that the proponents of the “useless relic” thesis have focused almost exclusively on Anatomy of Criticism. But Frye’s writing career spanned sixty years, so by far the largest portion of his published work appeared after the time of his reputed demise as an important critical force. Of the forty books Frye published, thirty-four appeared after the mid-1960s. Readers of Frye should be wary of pronouncements about the value of his work when 85 per cent of what would eventually represent the corpus was not yet published. Moreover, the appearance of the thirty-volume Collected Works of Northrop Frye has, as just suggested, significantly expanded the Frye canon. Any generalizations about Frye should not exclude this large body of work, particularly the notebooks that he wrote during the last decade of his life—what I have called the Longinian phase of his career.2 This later corpus includes The Great Code: The Bible and Literature, which became a bestseller in Canada. The reception of this book can be gauged in part by the reviews it received, and, as the list in chapter 6 reveals, the book was reviewed in some 200 periodicals. That is an extraordinary number for any book, much less an academic one. The Great Code reached number two on the Canadian bestseller list, succeeded for several weeks only by Jane Fonda’s Workout Book. So much for Denis Donoghue’s 1992 observation, a year after Frye’s death, that he doesn’t hear Frye’s name mentioned any more. Speaking of death, chapter 3 records 138 obituaries, most of which were published shortly after Frye’s death (23 January 1991), which is not the kind of response engendered by someone who has become a “useless relic.” Literary critics do not ordinarily receive that kind of reception. David Bevington wrote in his glowing obituary for Frye that “his archetypal kind of criticism is a little out of fashion these days, as students turn to post-modern modes of critical discourse (new historicism, feminism, deconstruction); one doesn’t see Frye noted as often as he used to be” (126). The 2 See Denham, “Frye and Longinus.”

xi

second part of this observation is challenged by the present volume, its evidence showing that Frye is noted much more often now than he used to be—substantially more. Reader-response criticism is one of the most widely recognized forms of “reception aesthetics.” Chapters 6 and 7—reviews of Frye’s books—provide another index for Frye’s reception. Book reviewers engage the reader’s interpretation and evaluation of critical texts directly, and Frye’s books have garnered a bountiful assortment of reviews: more than 1300, including those for the thirty-volume Collected Works. Chapter 2 contains the largest category—essays, articles, and parts of books that use Frye’s work in one way or another. That chapter contains close to 5000 items, a number that continues to expand exponentially. One of the best indexes of Frye’s continuing influence in the academy comes from the uses to which his criticism has been put in graduate study. Chapter 8 records Frye’s appearances in doctoral dissertations and master’s theses. The theses and dissertations are not necessarily devoted in their entirety or even in major portion to some aspect of Frye’s work, though of course many are. They may call on Frye to support a reading of a particular literary work. They may contain only a single reference to Frye. I have not by any means consulted all of these graduate school documents, relying instead on a number of databases that have recorded “Frye” as a keyword in a search for dissertations and theses. Northrop Frye: An Annotated Bibliography of Primary and Secondary Sources, which was published in 1987, listed 39 theses and dissertations in which Frye played a role. Three decades later the list contains 3712 such titles—almost one thousand times more titles than in the original survey. The chart immediately below shows the steady increase in the number of dissertations and theses that have been recorded by decade. These data reveal clearly that in graduate study there has been no diminution of interest in Frye’s work. Far from it. 1950–69 54 1970s 193 1980s 217 1990s 622 2000s 804 2010–19 1795 Here the steady exponential progression gives lie to the “useless relic” thesis. The number of theses and dissertations was greatest during the years 2014 and 2015, when there were respectively 228 and 209 theses and dissertations that had Frye content. Most of these writers assume that Frye need not be identified: he has entered in to the common

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Introduction

parlance of critical discussion. A similar observation can be made about David Richter’s The Critical Tradition: Classic Texts and Contemporary Trends. In the first edition of this textbook anthology (1989) Frye takes his place alongside Freud, Jung, and Lacan as an exemplar of one of the contemporary trends, psychological criticism. In the second edition of the book (1998) Frye is considered to be no longer a member of a contemporary trend but a writer of classic texts. He is now accorded membership in the grand tradition beginning with the Greeks as someone who speaks with an authority not afforded trendsetters. Those who have written dissertations and theses on Frye tend to see him as one whose authority has already been established. The catalogue of dissertations in chapter 8 has a decidedly international character. Dissertations and theses have originated at universities and other institutions for advanced academic work in 51 countries,3 and they have been written in 34 languages.4 Frye has been used, interpreted, critiqued, analysed, appropriated, cited, summarized, explained, evaluated, appealed to, and quoted in dissertations from all over the world, beginning in 1963, which is when Lentricchia declared that Frye’s work had been consigned to the trash heap or, to use Philip Marchand’s curious metaphor, been pulverized on the mill of academic fashion. To say that Frye has “fallen out of favour” or that his name is never mentioned anymore, having been “buried” in obscurity, is clearly not supported by the expansive range of research topics involving Frye that graduate students have chosen to study and write about. The first dissertations devoted substantially to Frye were written in the mid-1960s, which marked the beginning, according to Lentricchia, of Frye’s having become a “useless relic.” What it actually marked was a tremendous upsurge of interest in the study of Frye at the graduate level. As for Eagleton’s question, “Who now reads Frye?,” the answer is a very sizable number. There are more references to Frye in theses and dissertations than ever before. This is also seen in the lists in chapters 1 and 2 of the present volume—books devoted exclusively to Frye and essays and parts of books in which he makes an appearance. Taking again 1965 as our point of reference—the date according to Lentricchia, that Frye allegedly fell from grace—all 64 books devoted solely to Frye (listed in chapter 1) have appeared since 1965.

During the four decades 1960 through 1990 there were 25 monographs devoted solely to Frye. For the following two decades—2010 through 2019—there were 40. These data counter the claim that there has been a decline of interest in Frye. Quite the contrary: the data show that there has been a substantial increase. By far the largest indicator, quantitatively, of the continuing, even the resurgent, interest in Frye is found in chapter 2, essays and articles in which Frye figures to a greater or lesser degree. Here there are more than 4400 entries. This category, which constitutes the base for understanding Frye’s reception, amounted to 588 entries in the 1987 bibliography. This amount constitutes 13 per cent of the total in the present list, which again is a clear marker that Frye’s work has not fallen out of style or faded from memory: 87 per cent of the entries in chapter 2 have appeared since 1987. Chapter 2 also records the fact that essays that draw on Frye have appeared in 36 languages.5 Many, in fact most, of the entries in The Reception of Northrop Frye are annotated. My intent is for these annotations to provide sufficient information for users of this book to determine whether they need to access the individual articles and essays. When an annotation begins and ends with double quotation marks, such marks indicate that that I am quoting either from the article itself or from abstracts ordinarily provided by the author or publisher. The appendix is a list of the various editions and translations of Frye’s books, which means of course, that it is a record of primary, not secondary, material. I have included the list because it is one index of Frye’s reception internationally. The fact that his books have been translated into 26 languages is a clear indicator that he has not fallen out of fashion internationally. Rather the fact that international publishers want to have Frye translated at all is another answer to Eagleton’s query, “Who now reads Frye?” One somewhat surprising feature of an account of Frye’s reception is the degree to which he has engaged readers from the East. We see this most directly in the lists of chapters 2 and 8. Part of this surge may be a result of the two international Frye conferences that were held in China—at the University of Peking in 1994 and at the University of Inner Mongolia in Hoh-Hot in 1999. Part of it may have resulted from the attention Frye received from well-known Frye scholars such as Wang Ning, Ye Shuxian, and the late

3 Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Gujarati, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Lithuania, Malta, Morocco, New Zealand, Norway, Peru, Portugal, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Scotland, Senegal, Serbia, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States, Wales. 4 Afrikaans, Bosnian, Catalan, Chinese, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, Frisian, German, Greek, Gujarati, Hindi, Hungarian, Icelandic, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Lithuanian, Malayalam, Marathi, Norwegian, Portuguese, Serbian, Slovak, Spanish, Swahili, Swedish, Turkish. 5 Afrikaans, Arabic, Bosnian, Catalan, Chinese, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, Frisian, German, Greek, Hungarian, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Lithuanian, Luxembourgish, Macedonian, Malay, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish, Welsh.

Introduction

Chizhe Wu.6 Astonishingly, twenty-two people with the Chinese surname “Li” appear as authors in the list of dissertations in chapter 8. In any event, there appears to be a great deal more attention to Frye by the Japanese, Chinese, and Koreans than there is to his work by those who speak languages other than English. As for the Central and Eastern European languages, those who consult the present book will no doubt have a quizzical reaction upon discovering just how many essays have been written in Czech, Polish, Lithuanian, Hungarian, Serbian, Slovenian, Romanian, Albanian, Slovak, Croatian, and Bosnian. I have been suggesting that the “useless relic” thesis cannot be supported by the bibliographic facts. This does not mean, however, that Frye and his proponents were unaware of the powerful force that Derrida and deconstruction brought to the discussions about critical theory that exploded following the structuralist conference at Johns Hopkins University in 1966. I have written about the relation between Frye and Derrida elsewhere.7 Suffice it here to say that in the critical contests that followed in the wake of the Johns Hopkins conference, Frye was very much aware of the ballpark in which the game was being played. In one of his late notebooks he muses, “If I’m old hat because I’m ‘logocentric,’ I want to know why I’m that, and not just be that because I’m ignorant of the possibility of being anything else” (23). The Reception of Northrop Frye argues that Frye is actually not “old hat,” given the widespread attention his work has received, the various forms of which are catalogued in the present volume. There can be little doubt that the work of the new theoreticians in the elite universities came to us with a French accent and dominated discussions of theory for some years. But that does not mean that Frye and his readers were mute, and the fact that other critical voices were being heard throughout Frye’s career, beginning with the New Criticism of the 1950s, does not mean that history has passed him by. Let me close with a few examples of what we can discover once we have a fairly complete record of Frye’s reception in front of us. In the Third Essay of Anatomy of Criticism Frye develops his theory myths, which is a theory of narrative patterns. He discovers four basic patterns: comedy, romance, tragedy, and irony. Each of these four mythoi turns out to have six “phases,” and for each phase Frye specifies a number of characteristics that are set down in his taxonomy in intricate detail.8 Countless readers have found Frye’s theory of myths useful in their understanding and interpretation of works other than literary. One of these is the late Hayden

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White, who applied Frye’s schema to historical writing, discovering that historians tended to impose one of the four narrative patterns on their historical material, yielding either comic, romantic, tragic, or ironic accounts of historical events. Jonathan Arac has argued that White’s work has led to a reconception of the entire field of historiography. Hayden White’s name appears more than 90 times in the entries in chapter 2 (essays about Frye), all having to do with Frygean “modes of emplotment.” Rozalia Cherepanova has noted the ways that Frye’s four narrative patterns have influenced the study of narratives in other fields, such as history (Hayden White), as just mentioned, and psychology (Kevin Murray). Related to the Frye–White connection is Byron Almén’s A Theory of Musical Narrative and James Jakób Liszka’s The Semiotic of Myth. Almén has formalized for musical analysis Frye’s and Liszka’s theories of narrative archetypes. Those interested in studying the application of Frye’s theory of myths to musical theory will find more than a dozen essays in chapter 2 that call attention to this link. Eagleton, Lentricchia, and friends would not have known about musical archetypes: Liszka’s book was not published until 1989 and Almén’s until 2009. In other words, while it is true that conventional areas of applied or practical criticism continued to draw on Frye’s theory of myths, it is no less true that new areas of inquiry, such as narrative archetypes in music, began to open up. The use of narrative archetypes is found as well in other domains. Steffen Schneider has discovered that the four mythoi apply to the narratives of political systems. Jonathan M. Smith has found that geographers construct their meanings by using one or the other of the mythoi. Philip Smith has noted that the narrative genre model, which owes its existence to Frye, can be applied to risk evaluation. Roy Schafer has written that he found the four narrative archetypes applicable to his work “in that they pulled a lot of things together that were closer to experience than the very formal categories of metapsychology, and they corresponded to my experience as a therapist. I thought it would be worth trying to develop it at length”—which he proceeded to do in A New Language for Psychoanalysis. He was joined in this enterprise by Kevin Murray, who has provided an overview of narrative psychology. An example from legal discourse is Robin West’s view that various jurisprudential traditions can be read as narratives, the various traditions corresponding to one of Frye’s four mythoi. James F. Hopewell has used Frye’s theory of myths to characterize four different kinds of Protestant congregations:

6 From 1997 to 2004 Professor Wu of the University of Inner Mongolia was an unswerving translator of Frye. During this time he translated into Chinese Anatomy of Criticism, The Educated Imagination, Creation and Recreation, The Well-Tempered Critic, Northrop Frye on Culture and Literature, Words with Power, and Selected Essays. For Wang Ning’s and Ye Shuxian’s accounts of archetypal criticism in China, see the entries under “Wang” and “Ye” in chapter 2. 7 “Introduction” to Myth and Metaphor, xiii–xviii, and “Editor’s Introduction: The Anatomy and Poststructuralism,” lv–lxvi. 8 For an analytical exposition of Frye’s “Theory of Myths” see my Northrop Frye and Critical Method, 58–87.

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charismatic negotiation (Frye’s romance), canonic negotiation (Frye’s tragedy), agnostic negotiation (Frye’s comedy), and empiric negotiation (Frye’s irony). The four categories have become a template for describing the different approaches Protestants take to the spiritual life. Ryu Kyun and colleagues have given us a similar analysis of four narrative patterns lying behind documentary television films. Dominika Biegoń used narrative discourse analysis as advanced by Frye and Hayden White to understand the capitalist market economy. Riikka Kuusisto relied on such discourse to characterize one or another of the four emplotments one finds in narratives about international relations. Readers will discover numerous fields other than those provided by this sampler where the four emplotments have been used as a methodological and analytical tool. Jan Golinski has argued that some strands of the constructivist history of science have used the literary genre theory of Northrop Frye to highlight the literariness of scientific writing, also noting that the analysis of Hutton’s geological tours of Scotland can be read in terms of Frye’s account of the quest romance. Similarly, William Clark illustrates how writings in the history of science rely on Frye’s conventions of the four mythoi. William P. Fouse illustrates how the four narrative emplotments about occupied Yugoslavia during World War II effected the development of American foreign policy. Wulf Kansteiner gives a close reading of Saul Friedlander’s comprehensive history of the Holocaust, using Hayden White’s theory of emplotments. Merav Katz-Kimchi uses White’s theory to examine histories of the internet. Michael Lambek uses the four modes of emplotment to analyse performances of the Sakalava people of Madagaskar. T.D. MacLulich argues that Canadian exploration literature can be understood as fitting into one of Frye’s four mythological patterns. Louis Mackey maintains that just as the four emplotments can be applied to the writing of history so can they be applied to the “path of philosophy.” Reinhold Martin believes that the typology of emplotment can “shed some light on the historiography of modern architecture.” Barbara Stern has examined the influence of myths in consumption texts, using Frye’s taxonomy to assign consumer narratives and selected advertisements to four categories of mythic plots: comedy, romance, tragedy, and irony. She discovers links between Frye’s four mythoi and consumption myths. Each mythos also incorporates values that are encoded in the plot and that reappear in consumption narratives and in advertising appeals using mythic patterns and characterization. Alexander Spencer and Kai Oppermann have investigated the way that the four Frye/ White emplotments can help us understand the reason that the British voted to leave the European Union, and Spencer Wade wrote a dissertation seeking to understand illness narratives through the lens of emplotments. I have been briefly tracing the uses to which Frye’s theory of myths can be seen as spreading out over a number of

discursive disciplines, so that we have a network of applications that trace their foundation back to the four “mythoi” (Frye) and their subsequent iteration in the four emplotments (White). Other examples of such thematic repetition include Frye’s green-world theory of comedy, found in 48 of the essays in chapter 2. In the field of Canadian literature, his famous question “Where is here?” is examined in 43 of the essays. His related theory of the “garrison mentality” appears in 63 of the articles. The point is that Frye’s work continues to generate a still-expanding body of commentary; not only that, a single entry about a Frygean topic in chapter 2 can be linked to a number of other instances of the same topic. Frye’s criticism invites, even encourages, such networking. To conclude, the answer to Terry Eagleton’s rhetorical question, “Who now reads Frye?,” is a very considerable and ever-growing number. The present volume is intended to support that claim and at the same time to provide a relatively full record of the reception of one of the seminal critical minds of the last century. WORKS CITED Almén, Byron A Theory of Musical Narrative. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2008. Anonymous. “Northrop Frye 1912–1991: Charting the Eternal World.” Toronto Star (1 November 1992): 70. Bevington, David. “Northrop Frye (14 July 1912–23 January 1991).” American Philosophical Society, Proceedings 137, no. 1 (March 1993): 126–8. Biegoń, Dominika. “Narrative Legitimation: The Capitalist Market Economy as a Success Story.” In Capitalism and Its Legitimacy in Times of Crisis, ed. Steffen Schneider, Henning Schmidtke, Sebastian Haunss, and Jennifer Gronau. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. Buchanan, Ian. “Frye, Northrop. A Dictionary of Critical Theory. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. 191. Burney, Shehla. “Edward Said and Postcolonial Theory: Disjunctured Identities and the Subaltern Voice.” In Counterpoints, vol. 417, Pedagogy of the Other: Edward Said, Postcolonial Theory, and Strategies for Critique. New York: Peter Lang, 2012. 41–60. Cherepanova, Rozalia. “A Commentator or a Character in a Story? The Problem of the Narrator in Oral History.” In Reclaiming the Personal: Oral History in Post-Socialist Europe, ed. Natalia Khanenko-Friesen and Gelinada Grinchenko. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2015. 122–46. Clark, William. “Narratology and the History of Science.” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 26 (1995): 1–71. Denham, Robert D. “Editor’s Introduction.” In Myth and Metaphor: Selected Essays 1974–1988. Ed. Robert D. Denham. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1990. Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 22. – “Editor’s Introduction: The Anatomy and Poststructuralism.” In Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays. Ed. Robert D. Denham. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006.

Introduction

– “Frye and Longinus.” In Northrop Frye and Others: Twelve Writers Who Helped Shape His Thinking. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 2015. 63–83. – “Pity the Northrop Frye Scholar? Anatomy of Criticism Fifty Years After.” In Essays on Frye: Word and Spirit. Emory, VA: Iron Mountain Press, 2015. 223–39. – “Theory of Myths.” In Northrop Frye and Critical Method. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1978. Donoghue, Denis. Review of The Double Vision. New York Review of Books 39 (9 April 1992): 25. Epstein, Joseph. “Forgetting Edmund Wilson.” Commentary 120 (1 December 2005): 53–8. Fouse, William P. The Power of Narratives: A Cultural History of US Involvement in Axis-Occupied Yugoslavia. MA thesis, University of Rhode Island, 2018. Garber, Marjorie. “Ovid, Now and Then.” Chapter 2 of The Muses on Their Lunch Hour: New York: Fordham University Press, 2017. 11–31. Golinksi, Jan. Making Natural Knowledge: Constructivism and the History of Science, 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005. Good, Graham. “Frye in China.” Canadian Literature 183 (Winter 2004): 156–8. Halpern, Richard. “Modernist in the Middle.” Shakespeare among the Moderns. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997. Hopewell, James F. Congregation: Stories and Structures. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1987. Iser, Wolfgang. The Act of Reading A Theory of Aesthetic Response. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978. – The Implied Reader: Patterns of Communication in Prose Fiction from Bunyan to Beckett. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1974. Jauss, Hans Robert. Aesthetic Experience and Literary Hermeneutics. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1982. – Toward an Aesthetics of Reception. Trans. Timothy Bahti. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1978. Kahan, Marcia. “Pillow Talk.” Books in Canada 14 (April 1985): 3–4. Kansteiner, Wulf. “Success, Truth, and Modernism in Holocaust Historiography: Reading Saul Friedländer Thirty-Five Years after the Publication of Metahistory.” History and Theory 48, no. 2 (May 2009): 25–53. Katz-Kimchi, Merav. “‘Singing the Strong Light Works of [American] Engineers’: Popular Histories of the Internet as Mythopoetic Literature.” Information & Culture 50, no. 2 (2015): 160–80. Kerrigan, William. “Bloom and the Great Ones.” Clio 25 (Winter 1996): 196–206. Krieger, Murray. “Northrop Frye and Contemporary Criticism: Ariel and the Spirit of Gravity.” In Northrop Frye in Modern Criticism: Selected Papers from the English Institute, ed. Murray Krieger. New York: Columbia University Press, 1966. 1–30. Kuusisto, Riikka. “Comparing International Relations Plots: Dismal Tragedies, Exuberant Romances, Hopeful Comedies and

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Cynical Satires.” International Politics 55, no. 2 (March 2018): 160–76. Kyun, Ryu. “Analysis of Narrative Strategy in the Korean TV Natural Documentary Epilogue System: Focused on Antarctic Tears.” Journal of the Korean Contents Association 14, no. 4 (2014): 67–77. Lambek, Michael. “The Sakalava Poiesis of History: Realizing the Past through Spirit Possession in Madagascar.” American Ethnologist 25, no. 2 (1998): 106–27. Lane, Richard. “Northrop Frye.” Fifty Key Literary Theorists. London: Routledge, 2006. 111–16. Lentricchia, Frank. After the New Criticism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980. Liszka, James Jakob. The Semiotic of Myth: A Critical Study of the Symbol. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990. McCabe, Colin. “Editorial.” Critical Quarterly 56, no. 2 (July 2014): 131. MacLulich, T.D. “Canadian Exploration as Literature.” Canadian Literature 81 (Summer 1979): 72–85. Mackey, Louis. “Poetry, History, Truth, and Redemption.” In Literature and History, ed. Leonard Schulze and Walter Wetzels. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1983. 65–83. Marchand, Philip. “Are Northrop Frye’s Ideas Now DOA?” National Post (6 July 2015). http://news.nationalpost.com/arts/ marchand-the-legacy-of-northrop-frye. Martin, Reinhold. “History after History.” AA Files 58 (2009): 14–16. Moore, Warren S. III. Review of Northrop Frye on Myth: An Introduction, by Ford Russell. Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association 34, no. 3 (Autumn 2001): 87–9. Murray, Kevin D. “Narratology.” In Rethinking Psychology, ed. J.A. Smith, R. Harré, and L. Van Langenhove. London: Sage Publications, 1995. 179–95. Nicholson, Mervyn. Review of Northrop Frye’s Uncollected Prose. English Studies in Canada 42, nos. 1–2 (March–June 2016): 233–7. Paglia, Camille. “Falando sobre a tradição intelectual norte-americana, Liberdade de expressão e educação com Camille Paglia.” Interfaces Brasil/Canada 18, no. 3 (2018): 193–214. Salusinszky, Imre. Criticism in Society: Interviews with Jacques Derrida, Northrop Frye, Harold Bloom, Geoffrey Hartman, Frank Kermode, Edward Said, Barbara Johnson, Frank Lentricchia, and J. Hillis Miller. New York: Methuen, 1987. Schafer, Roy. “Language, Narrative, and Psychoanalysis: An Interview with Roy Schafer.” In Criticism and Lacan: Essays and Dialogue on Language, Structure, and the Unconscious, ed. Patrick Colm Hogan and Lalita Pandit. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1990. – A New Language for Psychoanalysis. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1976. 22–56. Schneider, Steffen. “Good, Bad, or Ugly? Narratives of Democratic Legitimacy in Western Public Spheres.” Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Canadian Political Science Association, Montreal, 1–3 June 2010.

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Scott, Alec. “Frye’s Anatomy.” U of T Magazine (Spring 2012). http://magazine.utoronto.ca/feature/ northrop-frye-anatomy-of-criticism-alec-scott/. Smith, Jonathan M. “Geographical Rhetoric: Modes and Tropes of Appeal.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 86, no. 1 (1996): 1–20. Smith, Philip. “Narrating Global Warming.” In The Oxford Handbook of Cultural Sociology, ed. Jeffrey C. Alexander, Ronald N. Jacobs, and Philip Smith. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012. 745–60. Spencer, Alexander, and Kai Oppermann. “Narrative Genres of Brexit: The Leave Campaign and the Success of Romance.” Journal of European Public Policy: Special Issue: The Brexit Policy Fiasco 27, no. 5 (2020): 666–84. Stern, Barbara B. “Consumer Myths: Frye’s Taxonomy and the Structural Analysis of Consumption Text.” Journal of Consumer Research 22 (September 1995): 165–85.

Sutherland, John. “The Ideas Interview: Frank Kermode.” The Guardian Unlimited (29 August 2006). http://books.guardian. co.uk/comment/story/0,,1860357,00.html. Wade, Spencer. The Development of Illness Narrative in a Structured Cancer Group. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia, 2003. Wente, Margaret. “Adventures in Academia: The Stuff of Fiction.” Globe and Mail (June 1 2015; updated 23 March 2018). http://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-debate/adventures-in-academia-the-stuff-of-fiction/ article24731318/. West, Robin. “Jurisprudence as Narrative: An Aesthetic Analysis of Modern Legal Theory.” New York University Law Review 60 (May 1985): 145–211. White, Hayden. Metahistory: The Historical Imagination in Nineteenth-Century Europe. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973.

The Reception of Northrop Frye

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Chapter 1

Books and Symposia

Scores of books are devoted in part to Frye. The following chronological list contains books devoted to Frye in their entirety. 1. Krieger, Murray, ed. Northrop Frye in Modern Criticism. New York: Columbia University Press, 1966. 203 pp. Papers presented at the 1965 session of the English Institute devoted to Frye’s work. One of the first formal efforts to assess Frye’s theories and his place in modern criticism. Krieger writes in his foreword that Frye “has had an influence—indeed an absolute hold—on a generation of developing literary critics greater and more exclusive than that of any one theorist in recent critical history.” contents: Murray Krieger, “Foreword” Murray Krieger, “Northrop Frye and Contemporary Criticism: Ariel and the Spirit of Gravity” Northrop Frye, “Letter to the English Institute” Angus Fletcher, “Utopian History and Anatomy of Criticism” W.K. Wimsatt, Jr., “Northrop Frye: Criticism as Myth” Geoffrey Hartman, “Ghostlier Demarcations” Northrop Frye, “Reflections in a Mirror” John E. Grant, “A Checklist of Writings by and about Northrop Frye” reviews: Blissett, William. University of Toronto Quarterly 36, no. 4 (July 1967): 414. Cox, R. Gordan. British Journal of Aesthetics 8, no. 1 (January 1968): 76–80. Griffin, Lloyd W. Library Journal 91, no. 15 (1 September 1966): 3951–2. Hamilton, Alice. Dalhousie Review 47, no. 1 (Spring 1967): 105–7. Harvey, W.J. “Not Enough Muddle?” Listener 77 (5 January 1967): 32. Hibernia (Dublin) (February 1967). Hoeniger, David. Sonderdruck aus Arcadia: Zeitschrift für vergleichende Literaturwissenschaft 5, no. 1 (1970): 94–8.

Lemon, Lee T. Prairie Schooner 41, no. 3 (Fall 1967): 356. Lodge, David. “Current Critical Theory.” Critical Quarterly 9, no. 1 (Spring 1967): 81–4. Murdoch, Dugald. Studia Neophilologica 40, no. 1 (April 1968): 258–61. Rodway, Allan. Notes and Queries 14, no. 7 (July 1967): 272–4. Von Hendy, Andrew. Criticism 9, no. 4 (Fall 1967): 393–5. Yale Review 56, no. 3 (Spring 1967): vi, xii. 2. Kogan, Pauline [pseud.]. Northrop Frye: The High Priest of Clerical Obscurantism. Montreal: Progressive Books and Periodicals, 1969. 98 pp. Rpt. with minor changes in Alive Magazine: Literature and Ideology no. 43 (1975): 22–31. A Maoist diatribe that purports to examine Frye’s theories of knowledge, literature, and interpretation, his views on Blake, Jung, and writers and critics on class struggle. 3. Bates, Ronald. Northrop Frye. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1971. 64 pp. Designed to be “an introduction to, and not a full exposition of, the extremely sophisticated and complex vision of criticism and literature” in Frye’s work. Devotes separate chapters to Fearful Symmetry, Anatomy of Criticism, The Educated Imagination, The Well-Tempered Critic, A Natural Perspective, Fools of Time, The Return of Eden, and Canadian literature. Aims “to present a skeletal outline of the total system” of Frye’s work. Observes that although the systematic mind lies behind Frye’s criticism since Anatomy of Criticism, the method of presentation, chiefly by way of the public lecture, tends more and more toward “what Bacon called Aphorisms and contrasted with Methods.” reviews: Noel-Bentley, Peter C. “The Function of Criticism at the Present Time.” Journal of Canadian Fiction 1 (Summer 1972): 78–80. Thomas, Clara. “Four Critical Problems.” Canadian Literature 56 (Spring 1973): 103–7 [105–6].

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4. Denham, Robert D. Northrop Frye: An Enumerative Bibliography. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1974. 142 pp. Expands John E. Grant’s checklist in no. 1, above. reviews: Anonymous. References Services Review 2 (July 1974): 28. A[ppenzell, A[nthony] (pseudonym for George Woodcock). “Frye Enumerated.” Canadian Literature 61 (Summer 1974): 128. Lochhead, Douglas. “Letters in Canada.” University of Toronto Quarterly 44 (Summer 1975): 414. Olevnik, Peter P. Library Journal, 15 June 1974: 1691. Ray, William. Southern Humanities Review 9 (Fall 1975): 445–6. 5. Denham, Robert D. Northrop Frye and Critical Method. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1978. 262 pp. An effort to examine the whole of Frye’s critical system by placing his arguments in the context of his total view of literature and criticism. Looks at Frye’s work in the context of the problems he is addressing, the nature of his subject matter, the principles and concepts implied by his critical language, and his mode of reasoning. Assumes that Anatomy of Criticism is the chief work to be accounted for, and so devotes the first four chapters to tracing the arguments and theories presented there. In chapter 5, examines Frye’s ideas about literary and critical autonomy, the scientific nature of criticism, value judgments, and the social function of the critic. In chapter 6, analyses several examples of Frye’s practical, historical, and social criticism. The final chapter points to some of the powers and limitations of Frye’s work. Includes twenty-four charts and diagrams. reviews: Anonymous. Annotated Bibliography of New Publications in the Performing Arts 39 (Spring 1980): 47. Brief notice. – Choice 16 (July–August 1979): 663. Brief notice. Barfoot, C.C. “Current Literature: 1978.” English Studies 60 (December 1979): 790. Bilan, R.P. “Frye’s Web.” Canadian Forum 59 (June–July 1979): 39–40. Conner, Frederick W. Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 38 (Fall 1979): 97–8. Coulling, Sidney. “A Careful Analysis of Influential Criticism.” Roanoke Times [Virginia] (22 April 1979): E4. Fischer, Michael. Clio 9 (Spring 1980): 478–80. Harris, Wendell V. National Forum 60 (Fall 1980): 52–4. Hawkes, Terrence. “New Books in Review.” Yale Review 69 (Summer 1980): 574–6.

Leighton, Betty. “Frye, Bellow, Mailer, Conrad and Company.” Winston-Salem Journal (North Carolina) (11 March 1979): C3. Rajan, Tilomatta. “In Search of System.” University of Toronto Quarterly 51 (Fall 1981): 93–5. Schwartz, Sanford. “Reconsidering Frye.” Modern Philology 78 (February 1981): 289–95. Segal, Robert A. “Methodology.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 51 (June 1983): 334. Spector, Robert D. World Literature Today 53 (Summer 1979): 562. Steig, Michael. “Frye, Freud & Theory.” Canadian Literature 83 (Winter 1979): 190–4. 6. Dyrkjøb, Jan Ulrik. Northrop Fryes litteraturteori. Copenhagen: Berlinske Verlag, 1979. 238 pp. Gives a critical account of Frye’s theory of literature, and, using this theory as a starting point, seeks to discover the relation between the vision we encounter in poetry and the utopian vision necessary for revolutionary social change. Sees the most important ideological assumptions in Frye as coming from the English left-wing Protestant tradition, the romantic emphasis on human creativity, and nineteenthcentury cultural liberalism. Uses a Marxist understanding of culture, society, and poetry as the starting point of his critique of Frye’s theory of literature and for the development of his own point of view. 7. Cook, David. Northrop Frye: A Vision of the New World. New York: St. Martin’s, 1985. 122 pp. Is concerned primarily with Frye as a social critic, in particular, with his defence of liberalism and critique of technology. Concentrates on the ways in which Frye’s response to the Western intellectual tradition has been shaped by his North American and Canadian experience—a response that produced, like Blake’s America: A Prophecy, a vision of the New World. Looks at the relationship between Frye’s view of the imagination and the natural world, the individual, and society, noting especially the way a humanized technology mediates among these three orders. Devotes a separate chapter to Frye’s understanding of the Canadian identity. Remarks that his treatment of Frye “is closer to that of a caricature than a photograph” and that his study has an imaginative and fictional dimension to it. reviews: Anonymous. Vic Report 16 (Autumn 1987): 7. Balfour, Ian. International Journal of Comparative Sociology 28, nos. 1–2 (1987): 97–8. Booth, William T. “Landscape with Politicians.” Essays on Canadian Writing 35 (Winter 1987): 117–22. Cameron, Elspeth. “Face Values.” Journal of Canadian Studies 21 (Winter 1986–7): 133–7 [136].

Books and Symposia

Cook, Ramsay. University of Toronto Quarterly 56 (Fall 1986): 157–9. Gebbia, Alessandro. “A Vision of the New World.” Annali Accademici Canadesi [Rome] 2 (Autumn 1986): 125–8. Hurley, Michael. Queen’s Quarterly 94 (Spring 1987): 219–22. Lane, Lauriat, Jr. English Studies in Canada 13 (September 1987): 349–52. Pinter, Steven. Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology/La Revue canadienne de sociologie et d’anthropologie 26, no. 5 (November 1989): 830–1. Stevick, Philip T. Journal of Modern Literature 13 (November 1986): 476–7. Woodcock, George. “Political Frye.” Canadian Literature 110 (Fall 1986): 153–6. 8. Cook, Eleanor, et al., eds. Centre and Labyrinth: Essays in Honour of Northrop Frye. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, in association with Victoria University, 1985. 346 pp. A group of essays presented to Frye in honour of his seventieth year. contents: Paul Ricoeur, “Anatomy of Criticism and the Order of Paradigms” Francis Sparshott, “The Riddle of Katharsis” Patricia Parker, “Anagogic Metaphor: Breaking Down the Wall of Partition” Michael Dolzani, “The Infernal Method: Northrop Frye and Contemporary Criticism” John Freccero, “‘Manfred’s Wounds and the Poetics of the Purgatorio” James Nohrnberg, “Paradise Regained by One Greater Man: Milton’s Wisdom Epic as a ‘Fable of Identity’” Thomas Willard, “Alchemy and the Bible” James Carscallen, “Three Jokers: The Shape of Alice Munro’s Stories” David Staines, “The Holistic Vision of Hugh of Saint Victor” Julian Patrick, “The Tempest as Supplement” Helen Vendler, “The Golden Theme: Keats’s Ode To Autumn” Milton Wilson, “Bodies in Motion: Wordsworth’s Myths of Natural Philosophy” Geoffrey Hartman, “Reading Aright: Keats’s Ode to Psyche” Eleanor Cook, “Riddles, Charms, and Fictions in Wallace Stevens” W. David Shaw, “Poetic Truth in a Scientific Age: The Victorian Perspective” Jennifer Levine, “Reading Ulysses” Eli Mandel, “Northrop Frye and the Canadian Literary Tradition” James Reaney, “Some Critics Are Music Teachers”

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Harold Bloom, “Reading Freud: Transference, Taboo, and Truth” Angus Fletcher, “The Image of Lost Direction” reviews: Buitenhuis, Peter. “Honor for a Literary Colossus.” Globe and Mail (25 June 1983): 73. Egawa, Toru. English Literature Research/Japanese English Language Conference 61, no. 2 (1984): 387–90. Forst, Graham. “WordCentred.” Canadian Literature 102 (Autumn 1984): 69–71. Galan, F.W. World Literature Today 57, no. 4 (Fall 1983): 695. Good, Graham. Canadian Review of Comparative Literature / Revue Canadienne de Littérature Comparée 14, no. 2 (June 1987): 267–73. Josipovici, Gabriel. Modern Language Review 82 (July 1987): 687–9. Kane, Sean. University of Toronto Quarterly 53, no. 2 (Summer 1984): 411–12. Kastan, David Scott. “The Triumph of Comedy.” TLS, no. 4220 (17 February 1984): 163. O’Hara, Dan. Criticism 26, no. 1 (Winter 1984): 91–5. Thomas, Clara. Quill & Quire 49 (July 1983): 59. World Literature Today 57 (Autumn 1983): 695. 9. Denham, Robert D. Northrop Frye: An Annotated Bibliography of Primary and Secondary Sources. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1987. 449 pp. A comprehensive, annotated account of writings by and about Frye. Part Two (secondary sources) is a precursor to the present volume. reviews: Anonymous. Reference and Research Book News 3 (June 1988): 31. Brief notice. Baine, Rodney M. Blake: An Illustrated Quarterly (Fall 1989): 88. Fee, Margery. Malahat Review 84 (Fall 1988): 166. Forst, Graham. “Frye.” Canadian Literature 122–3 (Autumn–Winter 1989): 189–90. Hammel, P.J. CM: Canadian Review of Materials 17, no. 2 (March 1989): 93. Johnson, G.A. Canadian Historical Review 1988: 235. Laakso, Lila. Papers of the Bibliographical Society of Canada 27 (1988): 110–12. Mellard, James M. “Monument or Scholarly Tool? Denham’s Northrop Frye: A Review Essay.” Analytical and Enumerative Bibliography 2, no. 3 (1988): 113–21. Morgan, Eleanor. Canadian Book Review Annual (1988): 4–5. Pell, Barbara. Christian Scholar’s Review 19, no. 3 (1990): 290. Rampton, David. Yearbook of Comparative and General Literature 37 (1988): 181–3.

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Willard, Thomas. University of Toronto Quarterly 69 (Fall 1989): 167–8. Woodruff, James. Modern Philology 87 (February 1990): 324–6. 10. Balfour, Ian. Northrop Frye. Boston, Twayne, 1988. 132 pp. Available online at galenet.galegroup.com. An exposition of five of Frye’s books, written over a forty-five-year period. Focuses on laying out Frye’s central theses about literature and criticism, and thus serves as an introductory manual to his work. Considers Frye’s relation to “more contemporary criticism.” reviews: Adamson, Joseph. “Frye Redividus: The Semiotic Implications of His Criticism.” Semiotic Review of Books 1 (May 1990): 8–10 [9]. Denham, Robert D. American Review of Canadian Studies 19 (Summer 1989): 228–30. Findlay, L.M. “The Divine Legation of Northrop Frye.” English Studies in Canada 19 (June 1993): 177. Hamilton, A.C. Queen’s Quarterly 96 (Summer 1989): 500–2. Surette, Leon. “Refryed Books: The Myth of Frye.” Essays on Canadian Writing 41 (1990): 159–65. Willard, Thomas. University of Toronto Quarterly 59 (Fall 1989): 164–9 [168–9]. 11. Ayre, John. Northrop Frye: A Biography. Toronto: Random House of Canada, 1989. 472 pp. A portrait of Frye and a consideration of his work by a former student. Based on family letters, archival correspondence, interviews, correspondence with Frye himself, conversations with childhood and college friends, colleagues, students, editors, and publishers. reviews: Adamson, Joseph. “Frye Redividus: The Semiotic Implications of His Criticism.” Semiotic Review of Books 1 (May 1990): 8–10 [8–9]. Bemrose, John. “An Exceptional Mind.” Maclean’s 102 (11 December 1989): 65–6. Bowers, Ann. British Journal of Canadian Studies 6, no. 2 (1991): 492–3. Brown, Douglas. Matrix 31 (Spring–Summer 1990): 67–8. Chronicle–Herald [Halifax, NS] (25 January 1991): D3. Dyrkjøb, Jan Ulrik. Kritik 24, no. 96 (1991): 110–12. Dolzani, Michael. Northrop Frye Newsletter 2, no. 1 (Winter 1989–90): 12–18. Dooley, D.J. Anglican Journal (May 1990): 16. Ferguson, Doug. “Biographer Misses Boat.” ChronicleJournal/Times–News (23 December 1989). Fetherling, Douglas. “True to His Own Tastes.” Toronto Star (24 November 1990): G13.

Findlay, L.M. “The Divine Legation of Northrop Frye.” English Studies in Canada 19 (June 1993): 161–6. Forst, Graham. “Modern World’s Aristotle?” Canadian Literature 129 (Summer 1991): 173–5. Fraser, Marian Botsford. “An Odd Form of Heroism.” The Province [Vancouver] (14 January 1990). French, Goldwin. “Two Complex Victorians.” Vic Report 18 (Spring 1990): 8. Gervais, Marty. “Frye’s Hidden Side Unearthed by Biographer Who Knew Him.” Windsor Star (16 December 1989). Hanson, Elizabeth. “The Manly Scholar.” Whig–Standard [Kingston, ON] (17 February 1990): 1. Hayley, Rod. “Introduction to Critic Frye Wins with Popular Approach.” Vancouver Sun (6 January 1990): E4. Jackson, Marni. “Anatomy of Frye.” Canadian Forum 70 (June 1990): 27–8. Marchand, Philip. “If You Can’t Stand the Heat Then Stay Away from Frye.” Toronto Star (9 December 1989): J2. Mills, Allen. “Biography Omits Mr. Frye.” Winnipeg Free Press (20 January 1990): 23. Morley, Patricia. “Northrop Frye: Getting to Know Man as Well as Theorist.” Ottawa Citizen (16 December 1989): J9. O’Brien, Peter. “The Man behind the Myth.” University of Toronto Bulletin (26 February 1990): 10–11. O’Malley, Martin. United Church Observer 54 (August 1990): 46–7. Overall, Denise. Education Forum 16, no. 2 (Summer 1990): 38–40. Pinter, Steven. Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology 26 (November 1989): 830–2. Pugsley, Alex. “On the Eighth Day He Created Biography.” The Varsity [University of Toronto] (7 December 1989): 6. Reaney, James. “Counterpoint of Meaning.” Books in Canada (January–February 1990): 37–8. Robertson, P.J.M. “How a Critic’s Life Can Imitate Theory.” Globe and Mail (21 October 1989): C19. Stevens, Paul. “Cracking the Frye Code.” Toronto Star (9 December 1989): M6. Stuart, Reginald. “Biography Explores World of Northrop Frye.” Lethbridge Herald (20 January 1990). Theatrum 18 (April–May 1990): 36. Walker, Craig Stewart. “Visions of Coherence: Northrop Frye Reviewed.” Journal of Canadian Studies/Revue d’Études canadiennes 25 (Summer 1990): 170–7 [172–3]. Whiteman, Bruce. “Northrop Frye: The Great Codifier.” The Gazette [Montreal] (23 December 1989): H10. Willard, Thomas. University of Toronto Quarterly 50 (Fall 1990): 157–8. Yan, Peter. “Frye’s Life Imitates Snake-Shape of Literature.” The Strand (14 March 1990): 8–9.

Books and Symposia

12. Lombardo, Agostino, ed. Ritratto di Northrop Frye. Rome: Bulzoni Editore, 1989. 435 pp. In English and Italian. Some twenty-eight essays from the international conference devoted to a “Portrait” of Frye, held in Rome in May 1987. contents: Northrop Frye, “Maps and Territories” Remo Ceserani, “Primo approccio alla teoria critica di Frye: Riflessioni attorno al concetto di modo” Sergio Perosa, “Incontri con Frye” Roberto Cresti, “Critical Theory and Literary Experience in Northrop Frye” Francesco Guardiani, “Le categorie di Frye dall’Anatomia della Critica al Grande Codice” Dominico Pietropaolo, “Frye, Vico, and the Grounding of Literature and Criticism” Frank Kermode, “Northrop Frye and the Bible” Piero Boitani, “Codex Fryeanus 0-15-136903-X: A Medieval Reading of The Great Code” Giorgio Mariani, “Northrop Frye and the Politics of the Bible” Jan Ulrik Dyrkjøb, “Northrop Frye’s Visionary Protestantism” Paolo Russo, “The Word as Event” Paola Colaiacomo, “La letteratura come potere” Keir Elam, “A Natural Perspective: Frye on Shakespearean Comedy” Agostino Lombardo, “Northrop Frye e The Tempest” Francesco Marroni, “Frye, Shakespeare e ‘la parola magica’” Stefana d’Ottavi, “Frye e Blake” Christina Bertea, “Frye e la fiaba” Carlo Pagetti, “Frye cittadino di utopia” Caterina Ricciardi, “Frye, l’America e le finzioni supreme” Eleanor Cook, “Against Monism: The Canadian Anatomy of Northrop Frye” Robert Kroetsch, “Learning the Hero from Northrop Frye” Alessandro Gebbia, “L’idea di letteratura canadese in Frye” Alfredo Rizzardi, “Northrop Frye e la poesia canadese” Richard Ambrosini, “From Archetypes to National Specificity” Maria Micarelli, “La visione sociale di Northrop Frye” Francesca Valente, “Northrop Frye the Teacher: Education and Literary Criticism” Robert D. Denham, “An Anatomy of Frye’s Influence” Baldo Meo, “La fortuna di Frye in Italia” Alessandro Gebbia and Baldo Meo, “Bibliografia di Northrop Frye, con una appendice delle traduzioni e dei contribute critica italiani” 13. Hamilton, A.C. Northrop Frye: Anatomy of His Criticism. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990. 294 pp. Considers Frye’s criticism from the context of modern criticism from the 1920s to the 1950s. Outlines the critical

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debates that were present when Frye began to formulate the central ideas that have come to characterize his literary theory—the debates out of which and against which Fearful Symmetry and Anatomy of Criticism were born. The organization of the book mirrors that of the Anatomy: an introduction, four kinds of criticism (historical ethical, archetypal, and rhetorical), and a conclusion. A major study. reviews: Adamson, Joseph. “Frye Redividus: The Semiotic Implications of His Criticism.” The Semiotic Review of Books 1 (May 1990): 8–10 [9–10]. Alsop, D.K. Modern Language Review 87 (October 1992): 921–2. American Review of Canadian Studies 22, no. 1 (Winter 1992): 628–30. Balfour, Ian. Queen’s Quarterly 98, no. 3 (Fall 1991): 705–7. Denham, Robert D. University of Toronto Quarterly 61, no. 1 (Fall 1991): 114–15. Findlay, L.M. “The Divine Legation of Northrop Frye.” English Studies in Canada 19 (June 1993): 174–6. Forst, Graham. “Modern World’s Aristotle?” Canadian Literature 129 (Summer 1991): 173–5. Hart, Jonathan. “Frye’s Anatomizing and Anatomizing Frye.” Canadian Review of Comparative Literature/ Revue Canadienne de Littérature Comparée 19, nos. 1–2 (March–June 1992): 119–53. Higgins, M.W. Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 23, no. 3 (1994): 381. Keith, W.J. “Northrop Frye and How We Read.” Globe and Mail (14 April 1990): C17. Lennox, John. Journal of Canadian Poetry 7 (1992). Pierce, John B. American Review of Canadian Studies 22, no. 4 (Winter 1992): 628–30. Shore, David R. Journal of Canadian Poetry 7 (1992): 190–3. Vidan, Ivo. Journal of Modern Literature 19, nos. 3–4 (Spring 1996): 468. Walker, Craig Stewart. “Visions of Coherence: Northrop Frye Reviewed.” Journal of Canadian Studies/Revue d’Études canadiennes 25 (Summer 1990): 170–7 [173–5, 176]. Willard, Thomas. “Hamilton’s Northrop Frye.” Northrop Frye Newsletter 3, no. 1 (Winter 1990–1): 7–31. 14. Denham, Robert D., and Thomas Willard, eds. Visionary Poetics: Essays on Northrop Frye’s Criticism. New York: Peter Lang, 1991. 161 pp. Papers presented at two programs devoted to Frye’s work at the 1987 convention of the Modern Language Association in San Francisco. The first four papers, listed immediately below, were under the rubric of “Northrop Frye and the Contexts of Criticism,” while the theme of the second four was “Anatomy of Criticism in Retrospect.”

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contents: Northrop Frye, “Auguries of Experience” Thomas Willard, “The Visionary Education” Hazard Adams, “Essay on Frye” David Staines, “Northrop Frye in a Canadian Context” Imre Salusinszky, “Frye and Romanticism” Robert D. Denham, “Auguries of Influence” Hayden White, “Ideology and Counterideology in the Anatomy” Patricia Parker, “What’s a Meta Phor?” Paul Hernadi, “Ratio Contained by Oratio: Northrop Frye on the Rhetoric of Nonliterary Prose” reviews: Forst, Graham. “Visionary Poetics.” Canadian Literature 137 (Summer 1993): 100. Hamilton, A.C. “Northrop Frye in Print and Conversation.” Queen’s Quarterly 101, no. 4 (Winter 1994): 895–9. Huttar, Charles A. Christianity and Literature 29, no. 1 (Fall 1979): 62–4. Vandervlist, Harry. Recherches sémiotics/Semiotic Inquiry 13, no. 3 (1993): 205–15. Van Der Weele, Steven J. Christianity and Literature 41 (Spring 1992): 336–9. 15. Cayley, David. Northrop Frye in Conversation. Concord, ON: Anansi, 1992. 228 pp. The transcript of an interview with Frye, conducted in December 1989 and divided into thirteen chapters. Robert D. Denham transcribed the interview and created the section headings. reviews: Actualité 22, no. 1 (January 1997): 67. Anonymous. “Today’s Best.” Calgary Herald (23 June 1992): B6. Brief notice. Darling, Michael. Books in Canada 21, no. 9 (December 1992): 39–40. Echart Orús, Pablo. Nueva Revista: De Política, Cultura y Arte, no. 61: 134–5. Rev. of Spanish trans. Forst, Graham. Canadian Literature 137 (Summer 1993): 100. Hamilton, A.C. Queen’s Quarterly 101, no. 4 (1994): 898. Hart, Jonathan. “Northrop Frye and the End/s of Ideology.” Comparative Literature 47, no. 2 (Spring 1995): 160–74. – Canadian Review of Comparative Literature/Revue Canadienne de Littérature Comparée 20, nos. 1–2 (1993): 139–71. Literary Review of Canada 5, no. 2 (February 1996): 8–11. Malpartida, J. Cuadernos Hispanoamericanos 573 (March 1998): 132–3. Morley, Patricia. Quill & Quire 58 (September 1992): 67. Simpson, Janice. Grail (9 June 1993): 123–9. Staines, David. Journal of Canadian Poetry 9 (1994): 154–5.

Walker, Craig Stewart. “Unpopular Anachronism of a Critic with Vision.” Compass (September–October 1993): 37–9. 16. Lee, Sang Ran, ed. The Legacy of Northrop Frye in the East and West: Proceedings of the Third Annual International Conference of Canadian Studies. Seoul: Canadian Studies Center, Sookmyung Women’s University, 1992. Contains essays by Sang Ran Lee, A.C. Hamilton, Shunichi Takayanagi, Anthony Teague, Mary Hamilton, Kyung Sook Yeum, and Han Yong Woo. Five of these essays were reprinted in Canadian Literature: Introductory and Critical Essays, ed. Sang Ran Lee, Kwangsook Chung, and Myungsoon Shin. Seoul: Center for Canadian Studies, Institute of East and West Studies, Yonsei University, 1994. 17. Ricciardi, Caterina. Northrop Frye, o, delle finzioni supreme. Rome: Empirìa, 1992. 111 pp. In Italian. On Frye’s theory of modes (First Essay of Anatomy of Criticism) and theory of myths (Third Essay). 18. Adamson, Joseph. Northrop Frye: A Visionary Life. Toronto: ECW Press, 1993. 93 pp. “Examines Frye’s life and career and his quest for meaning in mythic forms and biblical symbolism. Highlights of this illustrated biography include Frye’s boyhood in Eastern Canada; his dramatic encounter with the work of William Blake; the impact and importance of Anatomy of Criticism; Frye’s gradual development of a theory of culture; and his culminating achievement, after twenty years, of a comprehensive study of the poetic structures of the Bible.” (publisher’s abstract) reviews: British Journal of Canadian Studies 11, no. 1 (June 1996): 153–4. Findlay, L.M. English Studies in Canada 21, no. 3 (1995): 361. Hagen, W.M. World Literature Today 68, no. 4 (1994): 820. Litvack, Leon. British Journal of Canadian Studies 11, no. 1 (1996): 153–4. McLeod, A.L. Choice 32 (October 1994): 278. Soloman, Evan. Quill & Quire 59 (November 1993): 26. Spector, Robert. World Literature Today 68 (Autumn 1994): 820. 19. Signori, Dolores A. Guide to the Northrop Frye Papers. Toronto: Victoria University Library, 1993. A 265-page record of the papers and other materials that came to the Victoria College Library Archives upon Frye’s death. Includes the Helen Frye Fonds and a record of Frye archival materials, largely correspondence, held in other libraries. Contains a comprehensive index.

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20. Aithal, S. Krishnamoorthy, ed. The Importance of Northrop Frye. Kanpur, India: Humanities Research Centre, 1993. 170 pp. An anthology of essays on Frye’s criticism. contents: Robert D. Denham, “Northrop Frye’s Shakespearean Criticism” Nishi Bir Chawla. “Northrop Frye and the Mythos of Comedy” P. Marudanayagam, “The Quest for Myth: Frye and Fiedler as Literary Critics” Thomas Willard, “Analogia Visionis: The Importance of Analogy” Ian Balfour, “Reviewing Canada” K.V. Tirumalesh, “Northrop Frye and the Theory Impasse” Aithal S. Krishnamoorthy, “Getting Past the Antithetical Way of Stating the Problem: Northrop Frye’s Critical Path” Joanne Harris Burgess, “‘The Search for Acceptable Words’: The Concept of Kerygma in The Great Code and Words with Power” Eva Kushner, “Northrop Frye and the Possibility of Intercultural Dialogue” 21. Hart, Jonathan. Northrop Frye: The Theoretical Imagination. London: Routledge, 1994. 352 pp. A biographical-critical study of Frye, with separate chapters on the theoretical imagination, reconstructing Blake, The Great Code, history, education, mythology and ideology, a visionary criticism, the critic as writer, and the power of words. reviews: Dolzani, Michael. Style 30, no. 3 (Fall 1996): 519–23. Domville, Eric. Arachne 3, no. 2 (1996): 116–19. Elder, Bruce. “Apostle of Genius.” Literary Review of Canada 5, no. 2 (February 1996): 8–11. Muñoz Valdivieso, Sofía. “Re-visión de una crítica visionaria.” Analecta Malacitana 19, no. 2 (1996): 563–78. Salusinszky, Imre. Canadian Review of Comparative Literature/Revue Canadienne de littérature comparée 23, no. 2 (June 1996): 590–3. – Southern Review (Australia) 29, no. 3 (1996): 359–62. Vandervlist, Henry. Ariel 26, no. 4 (October 1995): 182–4. 22. Lee, Alvin, and Robert D. Denham, eds. The Legacy of Northrop Frye. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994. 353 pp. Contains twenty-nine papers, the libretto for an auditory masque, and a poem by Margaret Atwood, originally presented at an international conference, “The Legacy of Northrop Frye,” held at Victoria University, University of Toronto, 29–31 October 1992. contents: Alvin A. Lee, “Introduction” Robert D. Denham, “Frye’s International Presence”

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A.C. Hamilton, “The Legacy of Frye’s Criticism in Culture, Religion, and Society” Thomas Willard, “Archetypes of the Imagination” Hayden White, “Frye’s Place in Contemporary Cultural Studies” Craig Stewart Walker, “The Religious Experience in the Work of Frye” Margaret Burgess, “The Resistance to Religion: Anxieties Surrounding the Spiritual Dimensions of Frye’s Thought; or, Investigations into the Fear of Enlightenment” Imre Salusinszky, “Frye and Ideology” Deanne Bogdan, “The (Re)Educated Imagination” Michael Dolzani, “Wrestling with Powers: The Social Thought of Frye” Linda Hutcheon, “Frye Recoded: Postmodernity and the Conclusions” James Reaney, “The Inheritors Read the Will” Sandra Djwa, “Forays in the Bush Garden: Frye and Canadian Poetry” Milton Wilson, “Frye as Reviewer of Canadian Poetry” David Staines, “Frye: Canadian Critic/Writer” Clara Thomas, “Celebrations: Frye’s The Double Vision and Margaret Laurence’s Dance on the Earth” Margaret Atwood, “Norrie Banquet Ode” G.E. Bentley, Jr., “Blake on Frye and Frye on Blake” Monika Lee, “Shelley’s A Defence of Poetry and Frye: A Theory of Synchronicity” Helen Vendler, “Frye’s Endymion: Myth, Ethics, and Literary Description” Joseph Adamson, “Frye’s Structure of Imagery: The Case of Eros in the Poetry of William Carlos Williams” Michael Fischer, “Frye and the Politics of English Romanticism” J. Edward Chamberlain, “Mathematics and Modernism” Paul Cornea, “The Modern Century: An East-European Reading” Wladimir Krysinski, “Frye and the Problems of Modern(ity)” James Reaney and James Beckwith, “‘In the Middle of Ordinary Noise . . .’: An Auditory Masque” Angus Fletcher, “Frye and the Forms of Literary Theory” Nella Cotrupi, “Verum Factum: Viconian Markers along Frye’s Path” Eva Kushner, “Frye and the Historicity of Literature” Jan Gorak, “Frye and the Legacy of Communication” Ross Woodman, “Frye, Psychoanalysis, and Deconstruction” Eleanor Cook, “The Function of Riddles at the Present Time” Julia Kristeva, “The Importance of Frye” Appendix: Robert D. Denham, “Northrop Frye’s Books”

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reviews: Books in Canada 24, no. 5 (Summer 1995): 19. Canadian Book Review Annual 1994: 254. Connor, Catherine. Yearbook of Comparative and General Literature 44 (1996): 194–6. Darling, Michael. Books in Canada 24, no. 5 (1995): 19–21. Elder, Bruce. “Apostle of Genius.” Literary Review of Canada 5, no. 2 (February 1996): 8–11. Esterhammer, Angela. English Studies in Canada 22, no. 2 (1996): 238. Hart, Jonathan. “Poetics and Culture: Unity, Difference, and the Case of Northrop Frye.” Christianity & Literature 46 (Autumn 1996): 61–79. L., M.P. Journal of Modern Literature 20, nos. 3–4 (Spring 1997): 285. Miller, Danielle. Surfaces 5 (23 December 1995): 4–7. Perkin, Russell. University of Toronto Quarterly 66, no. 1 (Winter 1996): 371–4. Smith, Alexandra. Journal of the Australasian University Language and Literature Association 87 (May 1997): 120–1. 23. Wang, Ning, and Yen-hung Hsü, eds. Fu-lai yen chiu: Chung-kuo yü hsi fang [Frye Studies: China and the West]. Beijing: Chung-kuo she hui k’o hsüeh ch’u pan she [Social Sciences Press of China], 1996. In Chinese. Essays drawn largely from the conference “Northrop Frye and China” held at the University of Beijing, 12–17 July 1994. Contains papers presented at the conference by A.C. Hamilton, Joseph Adamson, Kang Liu, Eva Kushner, Ian Balfour, Aiming Cheng, Ning Wang, Jonathan Hart, Ersu Ding, Hui Zhang, Fengzheng Wang, Robert Denham, Suxian Ye, Naiying Liu, and Yiman Wang, plus additional essays by Mario Valdés, Linda Hutcheon, and Roseann Runte. The articles by Balfour, Adamson, and Denham appeared earlier in Foreign Literatures 1 (1995): 3–21. 24. Boyd, David, and Imre Salusinzsky, eds. Rereading Frye: The Published and Unpublished Works. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999. 163 pp. “Following Northrop Frye’s death in 1991, a large archive of his correspondence, unpublished criticism, and notebooks was deposited with the Victoria University Library at the University of Toronto. This collection of essays, written by a group of Frye experts, begins the process of reassessing Frye’s thought and writings in light of the extraordinary material contained in this archive. The eight essays included here illuminate in new and significant ways both Frye’s critical theories and their philosophical underpinnings. They show that Frye’s thought was a manysided and yet strikingly consistent process of meditation that was not fully reflected in his published works, for all their adventurous scope and brilliance. This impressive collection highlights the continuing relevance of Frye’s

ideas and gives a broader sense of his writing and his achievement (publisher’s abstract). Most of the essays developed out of a research seminar held at the University of Newcastle, Australia, in July 1994. contents: Robert D. Denham, “The Frye Papers” Michael Dolzani, “The Book of the Dead: A Skeleton Key to Northrop Frye’s Notebooks” Imre Salusinszky, “Frye and the Art of Memory” Jonathan Hart, “The Quest for the Creative Word: Writing in the Frye Notebooks” Joseph Adamson, “The Treason of the Clerks: Frye, Ideology, and the Authority of Imaginative Culture” A.C. Hamilton, “Northrop Frye as a Cultural Theorist” Péter Pásztor, “Frye in Hungary: The Frustrations and Hopes of a Frye Translator” Robert D. Denham, “Interpenetration as a Key Concept in Frye’s Critical Vision” reviews: Anonymous. “Rereading Frye.” Virginia Quarterly Review 76, no. 2 (Spring 2000): 48. Cotrupi, Nella. “Retiring the Sacred Cow of Ideology.” Books in Canada 28, no. 5 (Summer 1999): 10–13. Dubois, Diane. Semantic Scholar (1999). https://www. semanticscholar.org/paper/Rereading-Frye%3A-ThePublished-and-the-Unpublished-Boyd-Salusinszky/5c02 8a721fd8849c681b2c506f74d5c35809a510. Forst, Graham. “Reading Rereading.” Canadian Literature 173 (Summer 2002): 120–1. Keith, W.J. “Editor’s Scholarly Choice.” Canadian Book Review Annual (September–October 2001). Kelly, David. AUMLA: Journal of the Australasian Universities Modern Language Association 95 (May 2001): 122–4. Muirhead, Bruce. Review of Salusinszky and Boyd, Rereading Frye. University of Toronto Quarterly 70, no. 1 (Winter 2000–1): 500–1. Nohrnberg, James C. “Master of the Myth of Literature: An Interpenetrative Ogdoad for Northrop Frye.” Comparative Literature 53, no. 1 (2001): 58–82. Perkin, J. Russell. University of Toronto Quarterly 70, no. 1 (Winter 2000–1): 500–1. Steele, James. English Studies in Canada 29, nos. 3–4 (September–December 2003): 242–9. 25. Gyalokay, Monique Anne. Rousseau, Northrop Frye et la Bible: Essai de mythocritique. Paris: Honoré Champion, 1999. 208 pp. Maintains that in order to identify Old and New Testament themes reproduced in the literature, Frye proposed a structure of four “variations,” corresponding to the four levels of the axis mundi. These are found in the myths of

Books and Symposia

the mountain, the garden, the cave, and the furnace. In Part 1 Gyalokay highlights the defining biblical structures in all of Rousseau’s works, classifying them according to the four variations of the monomyth and discovering mythical biblical patterns at the heart of the Rousseau corpus. reviews: Cronk, Nicholas. TLS, no. 5035 (1 October 1999): 33. Richard, Monik. Eighteenth-Century Fiction 12, no. 1 (October 1999): 133–5. Roussell, J. “Revue d’histoire littéraire de la France 100, no. 2 (March–April 2000): 330–1. Voisine, Jacques. Revue de littérature comparée 74, no. 1 (January–March 2000): 108–10. 26. Cotrupi, Caterina Nella. Northrop Frye and the Poetics of Process. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000. 145 pp. “Challenging the dismissive view of Frye’s work as closed and outdated, Cotrupi explores the implications of his proposition that the history of criticism may be seen as having two main approaches—literature as ‘product’ and literature as ‘process.’” (publisher’s abstract) reviews: Burke, Anne. Prairie Journal of Canadian Literature 37 (2001–2): 46–55. Canadian Book Review Annual (1 January 2001): 248. Denham, Robert D. Christianity & Literature 51 no. 1 (Autumn 2001): 142–5. Donaldson, Jeffery. University of Toronto Quarterly 71, no. 1 (Winter 2001): 344–6. Dubois, Diane. Canadian Review of Comparative Literature/Revue Canadienne de Littérature comparée 29, no. 4 (2002): 629–33. Forst, Graham. “Frye Redux?” Canadian Literature 175 (Winter 2002): 140–2. Moran, Maureen. British Journal of Canadian Studies 15, nos. 1–2 (September 2002): 254–5. Wasserman, G.R. Choice 38, no. 10 (June 2001): 1788–9. 27. Russell, Ford. Northrop Frye on Myth: An Introduction. New York: Garland, 1998; London: Routledge, 2000. 246 pp. “Northrop Frye differed from other theorists of myth in tracing all of the major literary genres—romance, comedy, satire, not just tragedy—to myth and ritual.” (publisher’s abstract) reviews: Coupe, Laurence. Religion 30, no. 1 (January 2000): 73–6. – Journal of Religion 82, no. 1 (January 2002): 164–6. Lee, R.J. Choice 37, no. 2 (October 1999): 324.

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Moore, Warren S. III. Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association 34, no. 3 (Fall 2001): 87–9. Reference & Research Book News 14 (August 1999): 151. Religious Studies Review 29 (January 2003): 3. 28. Wang, Ning, and Jean O’Grady, eds. New Directions in N. Frye Studies. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001. 314 pp. Contains papers presented at the International Symposium on Northrop Frye Studies, held 15–17 July 1999 at Inner Mongolia University, Hoh-Hot, China, along with papers solicited by Wang Ning and Jean O’Grady. contents: Alvin A. Lee, “Preface” Robert D. Denham, “Frye’s Diaries” Jonathan Hart, “Northrop Frye and the Poetics of Context” Wang Ning, “Northrop Frye and Cultural Studies” Jean O’Grady, “Northrop Frye on Liberal Education” Sandra Djwa, “‘Canadian Angles of Vision’: Northrop Frye, Carl Klinck, and the Literary History of Canada” Thomas Willard, “Gone Primitive: The Critic in Canada” Graham Nicol Forst, “The Purpose of the Purposeless: Kant and Frye on the Uses of Art” Jan Gorak, “From Escape to Irony: Frye’s ‘The Argument of Comedy’” Michael Dolzani, “On Earth as It Is in Heaven: The Problem of Wish-Fulfilment in Frye’s Visionary Criticism” Glen Robert Gill, “Northrop Frye’s Words with Power: The Function of Myth Criticism at the Present Time” Ye Shuxian, “Frye and Myth-Archetypal Criticism in China” Gu Mingdong, “Frye and Psychoanalysis in Literary Studies: The West and China” Wu Chizhe, “Reconsidering Frye’s Critical Thinking: A Chinese Perspective” James Steele, “Margaret Atwood’s Cat’s Eye: New Feminism or Old Comedy?” Jean O’Grady, “Epilogue” 29. O’Grady, Jean, and Wang Ning, eds. Northrop Frye: Eastern and Western Perspectives. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2003. 183 pp. Drawn from papers given at an international symposium on Northrop Frye in Hoh-Hot, Inner Mongolia, this volume offers insights into Frye’s theoretical approaches and the new context provided by cross-cultural questions. contents: Robert D. Denham, “Frye and the East: Buddhist and Hindu Translations” Graham Nicol Forst, “Kant and Frye on the Critical Path” Jean O’Grady, “Northrop Frye on Liberal Education”

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Glen Robert Gill, “Beyond Anagogy: Northrop Frye’s Existential (Re)visions” Michael Dolzani, “On Earth as It Is in Heaven: The Problem of Wish-Fulfilment in Frye’s Visionary Criticism” Jan Gorak, “From Escape to Irony: Frye’s ‘The Argument of Comedy’” Wang Ning, “Northrop Frye and Cultural Studies” Sandra Djwa, “‘Canadian Angles of Vision’: Northrop Frye, Carl Klinck, and the Literary History of Canada” Thomas Willard, “Gone Primitive: The Critic in Canada” James Steele, “Margaret Atwood’s Cat’s Eye: New Feminism or Old Comedy?” Ye Shuxian, “Myth-Archetypal Criticism in China” Wu Chizhe, “Reconsidering Frye’s Critical Thinking: A Chinese Perspective” Gu Mingdong, “The Universal Significance of Frye’s Theory of Fictional Modes” Ye Shuxian and Wang Ning, “Frye Studies in China: A Selected Bibliography of Recent Works” Jean O’Grady, “Epilogue”

Joe Velaidum, “Towards Reconciling the Solitudes” David Gay, “‘The Humanized God’: Biblical Paradigms of Recognition in Frye’s Final Three Books” Michael Dolzani, “The Ashes of the Stars: Northrop Frye and the Trickster-God” James M. Kee, “Northrop Frye and the Poetry in Biblical Hermeneutics” Patricia Demers, “Early Modern Women’s Words with Power: Absence and Presence” Margaret Burgess, “From Archetype to Antitype: A Look at Frygian Archetypology” William Robins, “Modeling Biblical Narrative: Frye and D.H. Lawrence” David Jobling, “Biblical Studies on a More Capacious Canvas: A Response to Joe Velaidum and James M. Kee” J. Russell Perkin, “Reconfiguring the Liberal Imagination: A Response to Margaret Burgess, Patricia Demers, and William Robins” Robert Cording, “The ‘Something More’ in the Bible: A Response to Robert Alter, David Gay, and Michael Dolzani”

reviews: Good, Graham, “Frye in China.” Canadian Literature 183 (Winter 2004): 156–8. Moran, Maureen, British Journal of Canadian Studies 19, no. 1 (2006): 132–4. Reference and Research Book News 19, no. 1 (February 2004). Vulovic, Mima, Canadian Book Review Annual (2003): 259–60. Zhang, Longxi, “Northrop Frye: Eastern and Western Perspectives.” University of Toronto Quarterly 74, no. 1 (Winter 2004–5): 572–4.

31. Donaldson, Jeffery, and Alan Mendelson, eds. Frye and the Word: Religious Contexts in the Criticism of Northrop Frye. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2003. 386 pp. Frye and the Word draws together leading scholars in the fields of literary studies and hermeneutics, religious studies, and philosophy to construe and debate the late thought and writings of Northrop Frye in their spiritual dimension. The essays are a product of a conference entitled “Frye and the Word” held at McMaster University in May 2000.

30. Kee, James M., and Adele Reinhartz, eds. Northrop Frye and the Afterlife of the Word. Semeia 89. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2002. A selection of papers presented at a conference, “Frye and the Word,” held at McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, May 2000. “The gulf between Frye’s imaginative universe and that of contemporary biblical scholarship is so great that his efforts have had little effect upon the ways in which the Bible is read within religious studies. The latest issue of Semeia, entitled Northrop Frye and the Afterlife of the Word, seeks to build a first bridge across this gulf. It offers essays that are alternately sympathetic to and critical of Frye’s late work in the hope that we might begin to take better measure of this work’s significance for our hermeneutic relationship to the Bible today.” (James Kee’s abstract) contents: James M. Kee, “Introduction” Robert Alter, “Northrop Frye between Archetype and Typology”

contents: Jeffery Donaldson, “Introduction” Alvin A. Lee, “Sacred and Secular Scripture(s) in the Thought of Northrop Frye” Imre Salusinszky, “‘In the Climates of the Mind’: Frye’s Career as a Spiral Curriculum” Garry Sherbert, “Frye’s Double Vision: Metaphor and the Two Sources of Religion” Michael Happy, “The Reality of the Created: From Deconstruction to Recreation” Nicholas Halmi, “The Metaphysical Foundation of Frye’s Monadology” Leah Knight, “Word, Flesh, Metaphor, and ‘Something’ of a Mystery in Words with Power” Glen Robert Gill, “The Flesh Made Word: Body and Spirit in the New Archetypology of Northrop Frye” Robert Alter, “Northrop Frye between Archetype and Typology” Linda Munk, “Northrop Frye: Typology and Gnosticism” Johannes Van Nie, “A Note on Frye and Philo: Philosophy and the Revealed Word”

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reviews: Gay, David. “The Persistence of Vision: Northrop Frye in the Context of Religion.” Christianity and Literature 55, no. 3 (Spring 2006): 445–61. Pell, Barbara. “The Bible Fryed.” Canadian Literature 189 (Summer 2006): 172–3. Reference and Research Book News 19, no. 2 (May 2004). Richter, David. “Letters in Canada.” University of Toronto Quarterly 75 (Winter 2005–6): 386–7.

Anonymous. Reference & Research Book News 20, no. 2 (May 2005). – “Biography Book Review: Northrop Frye: Religious Visionary and Architect of the Spiritual World.” YouTube audio review. http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=z7KhvXRo47A. Dransfield, Scott. Religion and Literature 38, no. 1 (Spring 2006): 143–6. Dubois, Diane. English Studies in Canada 32, nos. 2–3 (June–September 2006): 243–6. Fischer, Michael. Blake: An Illustrated Quarterly 39, no. 4 (Spring 2006): 187–9. Forst, Graham. Studies in Religion/Sciences religieuses 35, no. 1 (2006): 156–7. Gay, David. “The Persistence of Vision: Northrop Frye in the Context of Religion.” Christianity and Literature 55, no. 3 (Spring 2006): 445–61. Leigh, David J. Toronto Journal of Theology 22, no. 1 (Spring 2006): 103. Merrett, Robert James. “Invoking the Imagination?” Canadian Literature 190 (Autumn 2006): 153–5. Munk, Linda. University of Toronto Quarterly 75, no. 1 (January 2006): 385–6 Seidel, Kevin. Virginia Quarterly Review 81, no. 3 (Summer 2005): 267. Ward, Allyna E. Consciousness, Literature and the Arts 6, no. 2 (August 2005).

32. Kenyeres, János. Revolving around the Bible: A Study of Northrop Frye. Budapest: Anonymus, 2003. 208 pp. Argues for the importance of Blake and the Bible in the development of Frye’s critical perspective and shows Frye’s relation to other critics and movements in the history of criticism.

34. Denham, Robert D. Northrop Frye: A Bibliography of His Published Writings, 1931–2004. Emory, VA: Iron Mountain Press, 2004. 108 pp. Brings up to date the bibliography of primary sources in Northrop Frye: An Annotated Bibliography (no. 9, above).

reviews: Angelika Reichman. Hungarian Journal of English and American Studies 12, nos. 1–2 (2006): 299–302. Don Sparling. Central European Journal of Canadian Studies 4 (2004): 137–8.

35. Lemond, Ed, ed. Verticals of Frye/Les verticales de Frye: The Northrop Frye Lectures and Related Talks Given at the Northrop Frye International Literary Festival. Moncton, NB: Elbow Press, 2005. 64 pp.

Jean O’Grady, “Frye and the Church” J. Russell Perkin, “Northrop Frye and Catholicism” Joseph Adamson, “Crazy Love: Frye, Breton, and the Erotic Imagination” Jean Wilson, “Toni Morrison: Re-Visionary Words with Power” James M. Kee, “Northrop Frye and the Poetry in Biblical Hermeneutics” Peter G. Christensen, “Oscar Wilde’s De Profundis: Prison Letter as Myth” Graham N. Forst, “The Seduction of Figaro: Gender and the Archetype of the Tricky Servant” Ian Singer, “Frye’s Fourth: ‘The Substance of Things Hoped For, the Evidence of Things Not Seen’” Michael Dolzani, “The Ashes of Stars: Northrop Frye and the Trickster God” Robert D. Denham, “Northrop Frye’s ‘Kook Books’ and the Esoteric Tradition”

33. Denham, Robert D. Northrop Frye: Religious Visionary and Architect of the Spiritual World. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2004. 373 pp. Argues that the superstructure that Frye built has a religious base, in both its exoteric and its esoteric forms. Has separate chapters on interpenetration, identity, vision, the East, esoteric traditions, kook books and the occult, and the dialogue of Word and Spirit. reviews: Aeschliman, M.D. “The Literary Bible.” First Things: A Monthly Journal of Religion and Public Life 158 (December 2005): 56–8.

contents: Branko Gorjup, “Northrop Frye and His Canadian Critics” Caterina Nella Cotrupi, “Process and Possibility: The Spiritual Vision of Northrop Frye” Robert D. Denham, “‘Moncton, Did You Know?’ Northrop Frye’s Early Years” Naim Kattan, “La réception de l’oeuvre de Northrop Frye dans la Francophonie” John Ayre, “Into the Labyrinth: Northrop Frye’s Personal Mythology” Michael Dolzani, “The View from the Northern Farm: Northrop Frye and Nature” Robert D. Denham, “Northrop Frye and Medicine”

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36. Feltracco, Daniela. Northrop Frye: Anatomia di un metodo critico. Udine: Forum, Editrice Universitaria Udinese, 2005. 192 pp. A study of Frye’s critical method, with special attention to the concept of displacement, structure, the social context of education, and the myth of concern. 37. Pandey, Santosh Kumar. Contrapuntal Modes in Northrop Frye’s Literary Theory: Continuities in Literary Structuralism. Delhi: Adhyayan Publishers, 2005. 188 pp. Frye views the mythos (plot) of literature in terms of binary structure of comedy (spring) vs. tragedy (autumn) and romance (summer) vs. irony and satire (winter), and an isolated literary work in terms of divine/demonic, highmimetic/low-mimetic, hero/villain, crime/atonement, garden/forest, inscape/outscape, heaven/hell, redemption/ fall, and so on. The ultimate harmony in literature is like counterpoint in music, where two or more independent melodies are combined into a single harmonic texture. The ultimate harmony thus is the result of integration of several binaries. 38. Gill, Glen Robert. Northrop Frye and the Phenomenology of Myth. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006. 242 pp. Compares and contrasts Frye’s theory of myth with anthropological, psychological, and religious theories. Argues that Frye’s work is both more radical and more tenable than that of his three contemporaries: Mircea Eliade, Carl Jung, and Joseph Campbell. “Eliade’s writings are shown to have a metaphysical basis that abrogates an understanding of myth as truly phenomenological, while Jung’s theory of the collective unconscious emerges as similarly problematic. Likewise, Gill argues, Campbell’s work, while incorporating some phenomenological progressions, settles on a questionable metaphysical foundation. Gill shows how, in contrast to these other mythologists, Frye’s theory of myth—first articulated in Fearful Symmetry (1947) and culminating in Words with Power (1990)—is genuinely phenomenological.” (from publisher’s abstract) reviews: Anonymous. Reference and Research Book News (1 February 2008). Brill, Lesley. Kritikon Litterarum 38, nos. 1–2 (June 2011): 137–44. Gay, David. Christianity and Literature 77, no. 2 (Winter 2008): 337–40. Hodd, Thomas. “Fearful Dis-Symmetry.” Canadian Literature 197 (Summer 2008): 136–7. Kertzer, Jonathan. University of Toronto Quarterly 78, no. 1 (Winter 2009): 429–31. Klepetar, S.F. Choice 44, no. 11(July 2007): 1907.

39. Hamilton, Mark. Categorizing Twentieth-Century Film Using Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism: Relating Literature and Film. Lewiston, ME: Edwin Mellen Press, 2006. 349 pp. “Shows how Anatomy of Criticism could categorize not only written literature but also 20th-century film. The book matches Frye’s Irony/Satire mythos to Film Noir (fascination with everyday crime), and the Tragedy mythos to the War film (almost always tragic on some level). It equates the Romance mythos to the Western film genre (as Morris Bishop, the medieval historian has said, the western hero is very much the modern-day knight), and Comedy to the comedy genre.” (publisher’s abstract) review: Gay, David. Christianity and Literature 77, no. 2 (Winter 2008): 340–1. 40. Elango, S.P. Benjamin. Tholkappiyar and Northrop Frye: A Comparative Study. Tiruchirappalli, India: Clara Publications, 2008. Focuses on the connections between Frye and Tholkappiyar, the Tamil poet and the author of Tholkappiyam (500 BC), believed to be the oldest extant Tamil grammar. Scholars in Tamil Nadu have identified similarities in the theories of Tholkappiar and Frye. 41. Gao, Hai. 弗莱文学批评理论研究= The Poetics of Mythology: A Study of Northrop Frye’s Theory of Literary Criticism. Beijing: Zhongguo ren min da xue chu ban she, 2008. In Chinese. 42. Galván, Luis, ed. Visiones para una poética: En el cincuentenario de “Anatomy of Criticism” de Northrop Frye. Pamplona, Spain: Rilce (Revista del Instituto de Lengua y Cultura Españolas 25, no. 1 (2009). 164 pp. In English and Spanish. Contains the papers presented at a symposium held in May 2007 at the University of Navarra, Spain, on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of Anatomy of Criticism. contents: Robert D. Denham, “Pity the Northrop Frye Scholar? Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism: Fifty Years After” Jonathan Hart, “Mythology, Value-Judgements and Ideology in Northrop Frye’s Anatomy and Beyond” Luis Beltran Almeria, “El legado crítico de Northrop Frye” Brian Russell Graham, “The Return of Irony to Myth” Isabel Paraiso, “Crítica arquetípica: La estructura demónica en el tema del doble” Kurt Spang, “Melos y opsis en la crítica de Northrop Frye” James A. Parr, “Mito, modo y genero en algunos clásicos de la literatura española”

Books and Symposia

Luis Galván, “Mito, interés y compromise: Arquetipos narratives en los libros de caballerías” Jaume Aurell, “Northrop Frye y la revolución historiográfica finisecular” Tibor Fabiny, “Typology: Pros and Cons in Biblical Hermeneutics and Literary Criticism” 43. Rampton, David, ed. Northrop Frye: New Directions from Old. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 2009. 430 pp. “More than fifty years after the publication of Anatomy of Criticism, Northrop Frye remains one of Canada’s most influential intellectuals. This reappraisal reasserts the relevance of his work to the study of literature and illuminates its fruitful intersection with a variety of other fields, including film, cultural studies, linguistics, and feminism. Many of the contributors draw upon the early essays, correspondence, and diaries recently published as part of the Collected Works of Northrop Frye series, in order to explore the development of his extraordinary intellectual range and the implications of his imaginative syntheses. They refute postmodernist arguments that Frye’s literary criticism is obsolete and propose his wideranging and non-linear ways of thinking as a model for twenty-first century readers searching for innovative ways of understanding literature and its relevance to contiguous disciplines. The volume provides an in-depth examination of Frye’s work on a range of literary questions, periods, and genres, as well as a consideration of his contributions to literary theory, philosophy, and theology. The portrait that emerges is that of a writer who still has much to offer those interested in literature and the ways it represents and transforms our world. The book’s overall argument is that Frye’s case for the centrality of the imagination has never been more important where understanding history, reconciling science and culture, or reconceptualizing social change is concerned.” (publisher’s abstract) contents: Alvin Lee, “The Collected Works of Northrop Frye: The Project and the Edition” Robert Denham, “‘Pity the Northrop Frye Scholar’? Anatomy of Criticism Fifty Years After” Thomas Willard, “The Genius of Northrop Frye” D.M.R. Bentley, “Jumping to Conclusions: Northrop Frye on Canadian Literature” Robert David Stacey, “History, Tradition, and the Work of Pastoral: Frye’s ‘Conclusion’ to a Literary History of Canada” Ian Sloan, “The Reverend H. Northrop Frye” Sára Tóth, “Recovery of the Spiritual Other: Martin Buber’s ‘Thou’ in Northrop Frye’s Late Work” Garry Sherbert, “Frye’s ‘Pure Speech’: Literature and the Sacred without the Sacred”

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John Ayre, “Northrop Frye and the Chart of Symbolism” Michael Dolzani, “The Earth’s Imagined Corners: Frye and Utopia” J. Russell Perkin, “Transcending Realism: Northrop Frye, the Victorians, and the Anatomy of Criticism” Jean O’Grady, “Re-Valuing Value” Troni Y. Grande, “The Interruption of Myth in Northrop Frye: Toward a Revision of the ‘Silent Beatrice’” David Jarraway, “Frye and Film Studies: Anatomy of Irony” Michael Sinding, “Reframing Frye: Bridging Culture and Cognition” Jeffery Donaldson, “An Access of Power: Job, Evolution, and the Spirit of Consciousness in Northrop Frye and Daniel C. Dennett” reviews: Adamson, Joseph. University of Toronto Quarterly 80, no. 2 (Spring 2011): 322–4. Boyagoda, Randy. “The Anatomy of a Scholar.” National Post (4 July 2009). Forst, Graham. “Different Directions.” Canadian Literature 206 (Autumn 2010): 182–3. Nicholson, Mervyn. English Studies in Canada 36, nos. 2–3 (Summer 2010): 235–8. 44. Gorjup, Branko, ed. Northrop Frye’s Canadian Literary Criticism and Its Influence. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009. 320 pp. “In his long and eminent scholarly career, Northrop Frye engaged with subjects ranging from classics to twentieth-century writings. Northrop Frye’s Canadian Literary Criticism examines the impact of Frye’s criticism on Canadian literary scholarship as well as the response of Frye’s peers to his articulation of a ‘Canadian’ criticism. Frye’s belief that Canadian writing should be studied within the context of Canadian life rather than evaluated autonomously, in relation to the world’s literature, was controversial. While there were those who favoured Frye’s position and extended its use for wider theoretical applications, those who criticized Frye’s stance felt that Canadian authors should not be exempt from universally sanctioned critical standards. Branko Gorjup and an esteemed group of contributors skilfully capture the tension that arose from this binary critical problematic and document the various attempts at resolving or transcending it, encouraging a remapped understanding of Frye and locating his place in Canadian criticism from a contemporary perspective.” (publisher’s abstract) contents: Branko Gorjup, “Incorporating Legacies: Decolonizing the Garrison” James Reaney, “The Canadian Poet’s Predicament”

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John Riddell, “‘This Northern Mouth’: Ideas of Myth and Regionalism in Modern Canadian Poetry” D.G. Jones, “Myth, Frye, and Canadian Writers” Rosemary Sullivan, “Northrop Frye: Canadian Mythographer” Francis Sparshott, “Frye in Place” George Bowering, “Why James Reaney Is a Better Poet (1) than any Northrop Frye poet (2) than he used to be” Barbara Belyea, “Butterfly in the Bush Garden: ‘Mythopoeic’ Criticism of Contemporary Poetry Written in Canada” Frank Davey, “Surviving the Paraphrase” Barry Cameron and Michael Dixon, “Mandatory Subversive Manifesto: Canadian Criticism versus Literary Criticism” John Moss, “Bushed in the Sacred Wood” Eli Mandel, “Northrop Frye and the Canadian Literary Tradition” Margery Fee, “Retrieving the Canadian Critical Tradition as Poetry: Eli Mandel and Northrop Frye” Eleanor Cook, “Against Monism: The Canadian Anatomy of Northrop Frye” Heather Murray, “Reading for Contradiction in the Literature of Colonial Space” Linda Hutcheon, “Frye Recoded: Postmodernity and the Conclusions” David Staines, “Frye: Canadian Critic/Writer” Robert Lecker, “‘A Quest for the Peaceable Kingdom’: The Narrative in Northrop Frye’s ‘Conclusion’ to the Literary History of Canada” Russell Morton Brown, “The Northrop Frye Effect” reviews: Adamson, Joseph. University of Toronto Quarterly 80, no. 2 (Spring 2011): 322–4. da Cunha, Lidiane Luiza. American Review of Canadian Studies 41, no. 1 (March 2011): 83–5. Forst, Graham. “(In)visible Canadian.” Canadian Literature 206 (Autumn 2010): 124–6. 45. Urthark, Garden. The Illustrated Northrop Frye. Los Gatos, CA: Smashwords Editions., 2012. This five-part etext applies Frye’s theory of archetypal criticism to Herman Melville’s Moby-Dick. “Moby-Dick exhibits the U-shaped pattern of development typical of romance, with Ishmael’s descent into and return from a lower, and increasingly demonic, sea world of experience.” (publisher’s abstract) 46. Denham, Robert D., ed. Remembering Northrop Frye: Recollections by His Students and Others in the 1940s and 1950s. Jefferson, NC, and London: McFarland and Co., 2011. 229 pp. Brings together letters from 89 of Northrop Frye’s students, friends, and acquaintances in which they record

their recollections of him as a teacher and a person during the 1940s and 1950s. A number of the correspondents also provide their impressions of Victoria College at the time, where Frye taught for more than 50 years. The letters provide insights into Frye as a teacher that are not elsewhere available, and reveal a consistent portrait of an intellectually superlative, generous, and thoughtful human being. reviews: Donaldson, Jeffrey. “Dialectical.” Canadian Literature 213 (Summer 2012): 152–4. Fulford, Robert. “Frye School Reunion.” National Post (7 March 2011). Laberge, Yves. “How Should I Save Northrop Frye? Tributes and Criticism about a Canadian Thinker.” Amerika [online], 2018. https://journals.openedition. org/amerika//90807?lang=en. Warkentin, Germaine. University of Toronto Quarterly 82, no. 3 (Summer 2013): 520–1. 47. Graham, Brian Russell. The Necessary Unity of Opposites: The Dialectical Thinking of Northrop Frye. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2011. 137 pp. “Graham contends that it was the method of Frye’s thinking—his dialectic ability to see opposing concepts as a unity rather than a dichotomy—that allowed him to transcend binary constructs and formulate new conclusions and questions about literature, politics, and society.” (publisher’s abstract) reviews: Adamson, Joseph. University of Toronto Quarterly 82, no. 3 (Summer 2013): 562–4. Donaldson, Jeffrey. “Dialectical.” Canadian Literature 213 (Summer 2012). Raese, Matthew W. Style 46, no. 2 (Summer 2012): 266–70. 48. Dubois, Diane. Northrop Frye in Context. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2011. 210 pp. “Diane Dubois takes a contextual approach to Northrop Frye’s work and claims that it is best assessed in relation to his biographical circumstances. In context and in specific details, Dubois’ book seeks to illuminate Frye’s œuvre as a personal, lifelong project. This volume successfully situates Frye’s work within the social, political, religious and philosophical conditions of the time and place of conception and writing. Dubois ranges from Frye’s critical utopia and views on criticism and education through the university, church and William Blake to politics and the Canadian and academic milieu. This book, which is particularly good at tracing Frye’s academic influences and his roots in Methodism and Canada, will have a strong appeal to an

Books and Symposia

international audience of general readers, students, teachers and specialists. Frye is a key figure in the cultural and literary theory of the twentieth century, and Dubois’ accomplished discussion helps us to see his work anew.” (Jonathan Hart) contents Introduction Anatomy of Criticism Biographies and Contextual Approaches Canadian Literature and Culture William Blake Romanticism The Bible, Christianity, and Religion Interpenetration The University and Education Politics and Cultural Theory Shakespeare Literary Criticism Reappraisals and Retrospectives Eastern, Western, and Other Perspectives Miscellaneous Writings Archives, Finding Aids and Blogs Bibliographies and Indexes to the Primary Texts review: Graham, Brian Russell. “Dubois on Frye.” Canadian Literature 213 (Summer 2012): 157. 49. Tóth, Sára. A képzelet másik oldala: Irodalom és vallás Northrop Frye életmüvében. [The Other Side of the Imagination: Literature and Religion in Northrop Frye’s Work]. Budapest: Károli Books and L’Harmattan Publishing House, 2012. 256 pp. In Hungarian. “The first monograph in Hungarian on the Canadian literary theorist and critic starts with a quotation from a private letter by Frye, written in 1935, in which he claims that religion and literature are basically the same. It is this sameness, or at least the close and constant interrelation of literature and religion within culture, which Tóth examines in Frye’s various writings, including private notes that were published several years after his death. Part One is an introduction to his theory of literature, focusing mainly on Anatomy of Criticism. Part Two is devoted to the affinities between literary and religious experience. Part Three analyzes the ethical and social motifs in Frye’s theory of literature, as well as his views on the relationship between literature and ideology.” (Zoltan Papp’s summary) reviews: Papp, Zoltán. Estetika: The Central European Journal of Aesthetics 50, no. 1 (2013): 12. Visky, András. http://www.lira.hu/hu/konyv/szepirodalom/ felnottirodalom/irodalomtortenet/a-kepzelet-masikoldala-irodalom-es-vallas-northrop-frye-eletmuveben.

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50. Robert D. Denham. The Northrop Frye Handbook: A Biographical and Bibliographic Guide. Jefferson, NC, and London, 2012. 326 pp. contents:   1. A Frye Chronology and Bibliography   2. Frye’s Books: Editions and Translations   3. Collected Works of Northrop Frye, with a List of Reviews   4. Conferences, Colloquia, Symposia, and Panels Devoted to Frye’s Work   5. Books and Journals Devoted to Frye, with a List of Reviews   6. Dissertations and Theses on Frye   7. A Bibliography of Secondary Sources since 1987 Essays and Parts of Books Obituaries, Memorials, Tributes News and Feature Stories and Miscellaneous Items Biographical Notices and Articles Reviews of Frye’s Books since 1987   8. The Northrop Frye Papers at Victoria College   9. Annotations in the Books in Frye’s Personal Library 10. PhD Theses Supervised by Frye 11. Honorary Degrees Awarded to Frye 12. Making Literature Out of Frye 13. Frye and the Bodley Club 14. Interdisciplinary Connections reviews: Geall, David. Reference Reviews 27, no. 2 (2013): 26. Laberge, Yves. “How Should I Save Northrop Frye? Tributes and Criticism about a Canadian Thinker.” Amerika [online], 2018. https://journals. openedition.org/amerika//90807?lang=en. Reference & Research Book News 27, no. 2 (April 2012): 176–82. Sherlock, Lisa J. Choice: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries 49, no. 12 (August 2012): 2244. 51. Han Lei. On Myth Criticism: A Study of Northrop Frye’s Critical Thought. Shanghai: Shanghai University Press, 2012. In Chinese. Contains separate chapters on myth criticism, Frye’s critical system, its theoretical origins in Vico, Nietzsche, Frazer, and Jung, its aesthetic dimension, and its theoretical significance. 52. Sinding, Michael. Body of Vision: Northrop Frye and the Poetics of Mind. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2013. 251 pp. “Reconsiders fundamentals of Northrop Frye’s theories of meaning, literature, and culture in the light of related current approaches that have taken his insights in very different directions. Develops branches of Frye’s thinking by

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proposing partial syntheses of them with cognitive poetics and with contextualist theories of cultural history and ideology, seeking to retain the best of all worlds. Case studies of texts and genres work out promising connections in detail. Three related aspects of Frye’s work are explored: meaning and thought, culture and society, and literary history. Chapter 1 connects Frye’s theory of meaning and poetic metaphor with those developed in cognitive linguistics and poetics by George Lakoff, Mark Johnson, and Mark Turner. Chapter 2 applies this synthesis to the metaphoric world of Dante’s Divine Comedy. Chapter 3 links Frye’s approach to the relations among literature, society, and ideology with that of cultural theorists Roland Barthes and Stuart Hall, and with Lakoff’s cognitive account of metaphor and framing in political thought and discourse. It characterizes the contrasting conservative and liberal worldviews represented in Hobbes’s Leviathan and Rousseau’s Social Contract. Chapter 4 considers relations between general principles of literary cognition and particulars of texts and contexts in history. Frye’s approach is compared with Patrick Colm Hogan’s study of emotional and literary universals, and with the new historicism of Stephen Greenblatt and Louis Adrian Montrose. The pastoral is examined as a genre that appears decidedly dated in many ways, yet is still capable of communicating powerfully.” (from the dustjacket blurb) reviews: Forst, Graham. “Deep Frye.” Canadian Literature 225 (Summer 2015): 130–2. Hauck, Nicholas. University of Toronto Quarterly 85, no. 3 (2016): 568–70. 53. Powe, B.W. Marshall McLuhan and Northrop Frye: Apocalypse and Alchemy. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2014. 354 pp. “Marshall McLuhan and Northrop Frye are two of Canada’s central cultural figures, colleagues and rivals whose careers unfolded in curious harmony even as their intellectual engagement was antagonistic. Poet, novelist, essayist and philosopher B.W. Powe, who studied with both of these formidable and influential intellectuals, presents an exploration of their lives and work in Marshall McLuhan and Northrop Frye: Apocalypse and Alchemy. Powe considers the existence of a unique visionary tradition of Canadian humanism and argues that McLuhan and Frye represent fraught but complementary approaches to the study of literature and to the broader engagement with culture.” (from publisher’s abstract) reviews: Aucoin, J.L. Choice: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries 52, no. 2 (November 2014): 429–30. Barnes, Stephen. “Marshall McLuhan and Northrop Frye: Apocalypse and Alchemy.” Christianity and Literature 64, no. 4 (September 2015): 491–4.

Choice Reviews Online 52, no. 3 (2014), review #52-1205. Cude, Wilf. “Stoking the Fires.” Antigonish Review 186 (Summer 2016): 117–23. Hammill, Faye. “When Canadians Clash.” Times Literary Supplement 5825 (21 November 2014): 11. Le Fustec, Claude. University of Toronto Quarterly 85, no. 3 (2016): 359–60. Leithart, Peter. “McLuhan and Frye.” Patheos 23 July 2015. http://www.patheos.com/blogs/leithart/2014/07/ mcluhan-and-frye/. Majer, Krzysztof. “In the Speculative Mode.” Canadian Literature 223 (Winter 2014): 183. Mount, Nick. “Frye and McLuhan: Same Place. Same Time. Different Minds.” Literary Review of Canada. July–August 2014. https://reviewcanada.ca/ magazine/2014/07/frye-and-mcluhan/. Raveh, Anat Ringel, et al. Explorations in Media Ecology 17, no. 3 (2018). Robb, Peter. “McLuhan, Frye and Me; B.W. Powe Takes the Measure of Their Genius.” Calgary Herald (2 April 2016): G14; Ottawa Citizen (5 March 2016): H1. Romero, Lisa. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 92, no. 3 (2015): 774–80. Takayanagi, Shunichi. “Marshall McLuhan and Northrop Frye—Two Canadian Culture Heroes.” Journal of American & Canadian Studies 34 (2016): 49–64. 54. Le Fustec, Claude. Northrop Frye and American Fiction. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, November 2014. 238 pp. Most of the secondary literature about Northrop Frye belongs to one of two large categories, the theoretical or the practical. Claude Le Fustec’s book, part of the University of Toronto Press’s “Frye Series,” belongs to both. The primary theoretical issue has to do with the relationship between literature and religion, a relationship that has presented itself to the critical intelligence for a long time. Having surveyed the most recent understandings of the religion and literature dialogue and having called our attention to the various theoretical pronouncements about the transcendence– immanence opposition, Le Fustec sets off on her journey through the American literary tradition, armed with the concepts and language of Frye, who serves as her Virgil. What follows are six studies in practical criticism, studies of the fiction of Nathaniel Hawthorne, Henry James, F. Scott Fitzgerald, John Steinbeck, Jack Kerouac, and Toni Morrison. reviews: Almon, C. Choice 53, no. 1 (September 2015): 68. Bush, Harold K. “What Would Jesus Read? Popular Religious Books and Everyday Life in

Books and Symposia

Twentieth-Century America.” American Literature 88, no. 4 (2016): 863–5. Denham, Robert D. Transatlantica [Online] 1 (2016), Online since 16 January 2017. http://transatlantica. revues.org/8050. Dolan, Neal. University of Toronto Quarterly 87, no. 3 (2018): 484–6. Forst, Graham. “Deep Frye.” Canadian Literature 225 (Summer 2015): 130–2. Han, John J. Steinbeck Studies 40 (2017): 78–81. 55. Sára Tóth, Tibor Fabiny, János Kenyeres, and Péter Pásztor, eds. Northrop Frye 100: A Danubian Perspective. Budapest: L’Harmattan Kiado, 2014. 327 pp. In English and Hungarian. Prompted by the 2012 Budapest conference “Frye 100: A Danubian Perspective,” the studies in this volume by disciples and admirers, critics, and detached readers provide a faithful picture of the state of international Frygean criticism, including a “Danubian perspective” and of how Hungarian criticism has come to methodically apply Frye’s concepts to Hungarian literature. contents: Robert D. Denham, “Frye and Longinus” Kelemen Zoltán, “Postztmodern Biblia: Northrop Frye mítosz-és metaforakonstrukciójak kritikai megköz elítése” [Postmodern Bible: Northrop Frye’s Critical Link to the Structures of Myth and Metaphor] Nyilasy Balázs, “Northrop Frye a romance-ról és a regényröl” [Northrop Frye on the Romance and the Novel] Glen Robert Gill, “The Dialectics of Myth: Northrop Frye’s Theory of Culture” Michael Sinding, “The Shaping Spirit and Rousseau: Literary Cosmology, Cognition, and Culture” Daniela Feltracco, “Northrop Frye and the Neural Theory of Metaphor” Péter Dávidházi, “A Tribute to The Great Code” Claude Le Fustec, “The Kerygmatic Mode in Fiction: Three Examples from the United States” Brian Russell Graham, “Chapter Six on Words with Power as Intervention into the Debate about the Metaphorical Identification of Women with Nature” Bánki Éva, “A költészet születése: Sámuel I. könyve” [The Birth of Poetry in the Book of Samuel I] Tibor Fabiny, “Northrop Frye and Béla Hamvas” Fülöp Jözsef, “Érintkezö életmüvek: Northrop Frye és Rudolf Kassner” Sára Tóth, “A Frygian Perspective on European Irony: The Green Butchers” Horváth Csaba, “Kettös tükrok — tükrörszerketek és biblikus olvasatok a kortars Magyar irodalomban” [Double

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Mirrors, Mirror Mirrors and Biblical Readings in the Corpus of Hungarian Literature] János Kenyeres, “The Critic as Writer, the Writer as Critic: The Creative Imagination in Northrop Frye’s Work” Rebekah Zwanzig, “Mount ‘Arafat as a Site of Recognition; Anagnorisis in Northrop Frye and the Qur’an” Sándor Klapcsik, “Mythical Journeys in Agatha Christie’s Crooked House and Ordeal by Innocence” Larisa Kocic-Zámbó, “Frye and the Musical Poet” Sylva Ficova, “Northrop Frye, William Blake and the Art of Translation” Sinka Judit Erzsébet, “A ‘balladisznovella’ mint archaikus tapasztalatok megjelen ítöje a modernségben” [Balladisznovella as an Archaic Experience in Modernity] Ana-Magdelana Petraru, “Northrop Frye in Romania: Translations and Critical Studies” Júlia Bácskai-Atkári, “Frye Reading Byron” Andrei Dullo, “A Romanian Cosmogonic Myth in the Light of Northrop Frye” 56. Robert D. Denham. Northrop Frye and Others: Twelve Writers Who Helped Shape His Thinking. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 2015. 295 pp. Explores the connections between Frye and twelve writers who influenced his thinking but about whom he never wrote anything expansive. contents: “Frye and Aristotle” “Frye and Longinus” “Frye and Joachim of Floris” “Frye and Giordano Bruno” “Frye and Henry Reynolds” “Frye and Robert Burton” “Frye and Søren Kierkegaard” “Frye and Lewis Carroll” “Frye and Stéphane Mallarmé” “Frye and Colin Still” “Frye and Paul Tillich” “Frye and Frances A. Yates” review: Willard, Thomas. University of Toronto Quarterly 86, no. 3 (Summer 2017): 220–2. 57. Alan Bewell, Neil Ten Kortenaar, and Germaine Warkentin, eds. Educating the Imagination: Northrop Frye, Past, Present, and Future. Montreal, QC, and Kingston, ON: McGill-Queens University Press, 2015. 278 pp. A selection of twelve papers from among those presented at a 2012 conference at the University of Toronto, “Educating the Imagination,” marking the centenary of Frye’s birth. The purpose of the conference, say the

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editors, was “to examine whether Frye’s reputation needs to be refurbished, to assess what needs to be retrieved from his critical insights today, and to take the measure of where literary and cultural scholarship currently stand by gauging our distance from and our dependence on him.” contents: Bewell, Alan, Neil Ten Kortenaar, and Germaine Warkentin, “Introduction” Bringhurst, Robert, “Reading between the Books: Northrop Frye and the Cartography of Literature” Balfour, Ian, “Northrop Frye beyond Belief” Teskey, Gordon, “Prophecy Meets History: Frye’s Blake and Frye’s Milton” Dolzani, Michael, “From the Defeated: Northrop Frye and the Literary Symbol” Tally, Robert T., Jr., “Power to the Educated Imagination! Northrop Frye and the Utopian Impulse” Sherbert, Garry, “Verum Factum: Frye, Jameson, Nancy, and the Myth of Myth” Dick, Alexander, “Frye, Derrida, and the University (to Come)” Willard, Thomas, “Frye’s Principles of Literary Symbolism: From the Classroom to the Critical Classics.” Ittenson, Mark, “Romanticism and the Beyond of Language: Northrop Frye and the Wordsworthian Imitation of the Point of Epiphany” Carter, Adam, “Correspondences: Frye, De Man, Romanticism” Grande, Troni Y. “‘Our Lady of Pain’: Prolegomena to the Study of She-Tragedy” Chamberlin, J. Edward, “Chanting Down Babylon: Innocence and Experience in the Contemporary Humanities” reviews: Carruthers, David. The Goose 15, no. 1 (2016): http:// scholars.wlu.ca/thegoose/vol15/iss1/26. Denham, Robert D. University of Toronto Quarterly 86, no. 3 (Summer 2017): 222–4. Forst, Graham Nicol. Canadian Literature 230 (Autumn– Winter 2016): 255. Sherlock, Lisa J. Choice: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries 53, no. 11 (2016): 1610. 58. Robert D. Denham. Essays on Northrop Frye: Word and Spirit. Emory, VA: Iron Mountain Press, 2015. 302 pp. These essays represent Denham’s long-standing interest in the expansive body of literary and cultural criticism of Northrop Frye, among the preeminent humanists of the twentieth century. The essays in Part I, which date from 1992 to 2004, focus on Frye’s late work with

its decidedly religious thrust. These essays take full advantage of Frye’s previously unpublished writing, especially his notebooks, now a part of his thirty-volume Collected Works. Part II centres on issues arising from Anatomy of Criticism, arguably the most important work of literary theory of the twentieth century. Part III is a miscellany. The essays here are devoted to Frye’s life, his influence a half century after Anatomy of Criticism, and his views on medicine, Shakespeare, and education. contents: Part I The Religious Base of Northrop Frye’s Criticism Interpenetration as a Key Term in Frye’s Critical Vision Frye and the East: Buddhist and Hindu Translations Northrop Frye’s “Kook Books” and the Esoteric Tradition “Vision” as a Key Term in Frye’s Criticism Part II Northrop Frye and Rhetorical Criticism Frye and the Social Context of Criticism Frye’s Theory of Symbols Part III Frye the Diarist: Personae and Masks “Moncton Did You Know?” Northrop Frye’s Early Years “Pity the Northrop Frye Scholar”? Anatomy of Criticism Fifty Years After Northrop Frye on Medicine Northrop Frye’s Shakespearean Criticism Common Cause: Frye on Education review: McLemee, Scott. “Frye Revived.” Inside Higher Education (13 May 2015). 59. Santosh K. Pandey. Bible and Literature in the Critical Theory of Northrop Frye. Saarbrücken: Lambert Academic Publishing, 2016. 156 pp. Argues that Frye’s theory of literature is richer than that of the structuralists because it has a prophetic dimension, a dimension that derives primarily from his understanding of the Bible’s symbols, genres, types, and archetypes. 60. Rao Jing. Center and Labyrinth: Northrop Frye’s Study of Mythological Interpretation. Beijing: People’s Publishing House, 2017. 278 pp. In Chinese. The object of this study is Frye’s criticism as a whole. The focus is on archetypal criticism. Starts with an analysis of Frye’s critical language and his style. Notes the limitations of particular critical interpretations, and the conflicts of interpretations.

Books and Symposia

61. Robert D. Denham. Northrop Frye and Others, Volume 2: The Order of Words. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 2017. 257 pp. Identifies and brings to light additional and little-recognized intellectual influences on Frye, and analyses how they informed his thought. These are variously major thinkers, sets of texts, and intellectual traditions: the Mahayana Sutras, Machiavelli, Rabelais, Boehme, Hegel, Mill, Coleridge, Carlyle, Jane Ellen Harrison, and Elizabeth Fraser. Describes how Frye became acquainted with the subject of each chapter, and how he interpreted and adapted certain ideas from them to help work out his own conceptual systems. Offers insights on Frye’s relationship with his historical and intellectual contexts, and provides additional contexts for understanding the Frye corpus. contents: “Frye and the Mahayana Sutras” “Frye and Niccolò Machiavelli” “Frye and François Rabelais” “Frye and Jacob Boehme” “Frye and G.W.F. Hegel” “Frye and Samuel Taylor Coleridge” “Frye and Thomas Carlyle” “Frye and John Stuart Mill” “Frye and Jane Ellen Harrison” “Frye and Elizabeth Fraser: Her Letters to Him”

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On the anthropology of Frye’s literary theory. Focuses on Frye’s view of myth and symbol as they are developed in Anatomy of Criticism. review: Roszczynialska, Magdalena. Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Poetica 7, no. 1 (2018): 234. In Polish. 64. Collett, Don. Universal Spirit: The Seasons of the Christian Year in the Company of Northrop Frye. Kelowna, BC: Wood Lake Publishing, 2019. 192 pp. “To a church that increasingly addresses itself to biblically illiterate people, the work of Northrop Frye offers a priceless gift. Equally important, Frye’s work offers a similar gift to those of a more secular or spiritual but not religious bent. Though he was a minister in the United Church of Canada, Northrop Frye rarely inhabited a pulpit in the usual way. A brilliant thinker and academic, a guiding light in the world of the university, his pulpit and his discipline were his classroom. As an educator, he felt it highly unethical to share his faith stance with his students. . . . He considered his witness to be his role as critic, as one who articulates a form of culture, including Christian culture. As Don Collett says, ‘Frye conceived of a world beyond the normal confines of Christian doctrine and theology and then . . . found a place for Christian doctrine and theology to provide the hope this world needs.’” (publisher’s notice)

62. Robert D. Denham. Northrop Frye and Others: Interpenetrating Visions. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 2018. 211 pp. The third volume in the “Frye and Others” trilogy.

review: White, Cristopher. “A Rapport with Northrop Frye.” Broadview 1, no. 4 (September 2019).

contents: “Frye and Patanjali” “Frye and Giambatista Vico” “Frye and J.S. Bach” “Frye and J.R.R. Tolkien” “Frye and Oscar Wilde” “Frye and Alfred North Whitehead” “Frye and Martin Buber” “Frye and R.S. Crane” “Frye and Edmund Blunden” “Frye and M.H. Abrams”

Symposia and Special Issues of Journals “Northrop Frye: A Tribute, Vol. 1 and Vol. 2.” CEA Critic 42, no. 1 (1979) and 42, no. 2 (January 1980). Contains essays by A.C. Hamilton, Clara Thomas, Memye Curtis Tucker, Margaret Atwood, Robert D. Denham, Ronald Bates, W.T. Jewkes, George Johnston, Charles Altieri, James Reaney, and Douglas O. Street, along with Frye’s “Royal Bank Award Address,” a discussion with Elizabeth and Gregory Cowan, David Stewart, and Richard Costa, and brief anecdotes by E.R. Godfrey, Vincent Tovell, Don Harron, Ronald Campbell, George W. Birtch, Harry J. Boyle, Arthur B.B. Moore, Carl F. Klinck, and Jill Conway. “Northrop Frye and the Bible: A Symposium.” University of Toronto, 1 October 1982. University of Toronto Quarterly, 52 (Winter 1982–3). Papers by Louis Dudek, David L. Jeffrey, Emero Stiegman, and George Woodcock. “A Little Symposium on The Great Code.” Dalhousie University, 1982. Dalhousie Review 63 (Autumn 1983).

review: Anonymous. New York Review of Books (27 November 2018): 48. Brief notice. 63. Żukowska, Kamila. Poetyka totalna. O antropologii literatury Northropa Frye’a [Total Poetics: On the Literary Anthropology of Northrop Frye]. Kraków: Universitas, 2018. 170 pp. In Polish.

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The Reception of Northrop Frye

Papers by Joseph P. Cahill, Joseph Gold, and Peter Richardson. “Special Northrop Frye Number.” AUMLA: Journal of the Australasian Universities Language and Literature Association 66 (November 1986). Papers by Catherine Runcie, Imre Salusinszky, and Eric J. Sharpe, along with an introduction to the special issue by John A. Hay and an interview with Frye by David Lawton. Northrop Frye Newsletter. Vol. 1, no. 1 (Fall 1988)–Vol. 10 (2004). Nineteen issues, edited by Robert D. Denham. Published at Emory & Henry College, Emory, VA, and Roanoke College, Salem, VA. reviews: “Frye and Eighteenth-Century Studies.” EighteenthCentury Studies 24, no. 2 (1990–1). Essays by Frye, Howard D. Weinbrot, Eric Rothstein, and Paul Hunter. “Northrop Frye.” Christianity and Literature 42 (Spring 1992). Essays by A.C. Hamilton, Jonathan Hart, Imre Salusinszky, Christopher Wise, and Robert D. Denham. “Northrop Frye and Contemporary Literary Theory.” Recherches sémiotiques/Semiotic Inquiry 13, no. 3 (1993). Essays by Alvin Lee, Joseph Adamson, Eleanor Cook, A.C. Hamilton, Eva Kushner, Patricia Parker, and Robert D. Denham, along with a review by Harry Vandervlist. English Studies in Canada 10 (June 1993). Essays by Clara Thomas, Sandra Djwa, Angela Esterhammer, L.M. Findlay, A.C. Hamilton, Frank Kermode, Alvin Lee, Magdalene Redekopf, Imre Salusinszky, and Judith Weil. “Northrop Frye and China,” 12–17 July 1994, Peking University, Beijing. Foreign Literatures 1 (1995). Papers by Ian Balfour, Joseph Adamson, and Robert D. Denham. Ellipse: Texts littéraires canadiens en traduction/Canadian Writing in Translation 69 (Spring 2003). Contains essays by Serge Morin, Alvin Lee, Nella Cotrupi, and Francesca Valente. Visiones para una poetica: En el cincuentenario de “Anatomy of Criticism” de Northrop Frye. Ed. Luis

Galván. Pamplona, Spain: Rilce (Revista del Instituto de Lengua y Cultura Españolas), 25, no. 1 (2009): 1–166. For contents, see no. 42, above. Ellipse: Texts littéraires canadiens en traduction/Canadian Writing in Translation 87–8 (2012). Giant in Time/ Un géant plongé dans le temps: An Anthology of Writings in Honour of Northrop Frye’s 100th Birthday/ Textes en homage à Northrop Frye à l’occasion de son 100eanniversaire. Articles on Frye by Susan Glickman, Michael Happy, Serge Morin, and Bruce Powe; a memory of Frye by Robert Denham, “Letter to Stephen Harper,” by Yann Martel; poems by Troni Grande, Nella Cotrupi, and Valerie LeBlanc that engage Frye directly; poems by Paul Bossé, Gabriel Robichaud, and Jessie Robichaud that take their inspiration directly from the Frye Festival in Moncton; works by Lee D. Thompson, J.D. Wainwright, Jim Racobs, Edward Lemond, Anne Leslie, and Daniel Dugas that were written “in the spirit of Frye”; and other stories and poems, with no direct connection to Frye, written in his honour. English Studies in Canada 37, no. 2 (June 2011). Special Issue: Northrop Frye for a New Century. Ed. Mervyn Nicholson. Reflections by John Ayre, Stan Garrod, Monika Hilder, William N. Koch, and Rick Salutin. Articles by Melissa Dalgleish, Timothy A. Delong, Robert D. Denham, Diane Dubois, Paul Hawkins, David M. Leeson, Duncan McFarlane, Mary Ryan, and Sára Tóth. University of Toronto Quarterly 81, no. 1 (2012): 1–186. Special Issue: The Future of Northrop Frye: Centennial Perspectives. Articles by Michael Dolzani, Merlin Donald, Travis Decook, Ian Balfour, Jean Wilson, Yves Saint-Cyr, Adam Carter, Jonathan Allan, Gordon Tesky, plus an interview with Margaret Atwood by Nick Mount, responses to Frye by nine poets, and a previously unpublished essay by Frye on poetic diction.

Chapter 2

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

This section does not include, except in a very few cases, reviews and review essays of Frye’s books, which are recorded in chapters 6 and 7. A Aarseth, AsbjØrn. “Lyrikk og lyrikkteori etter 30 år. Et tilbakeblikk og en ajourfØring” [Lyric and Lyric Theory after 30 Years: A Look Back and a Northrop Frye Update]. In Lyriske strukturer. InnfØring i diktanalyse. Universitetsforlaget, 1998. 261–300. Chap. 4 examines recent contributions to the theory of the lyric, including Frye’s. In Norwegian. Abbasi, Kamal. “A Structuralist Reading of Hardy’s Jude the Obscure.” Analele Universităţii Ovidius din Constanţa. Seria Filologie 12, no. 2 (2011): 51–8. “Structuralism as a scientific method is applied to all fields, including literature, in order to find the deep and underlying structure common to variegated forms and shapes. When applied to literature and fiction, structuralism focuses in particular on two aspects of the work, genre and narrative. Thomas Hardy’s Jude the Obscure can be analyzed in terms of structuralism thus enriching one’s understanding and perception of the novel.” In this paper the genre of the work is determined by recourse to Frye’s theory of genres. Abbey, Lloyd. “The Organic Aesthetic.” Canadian Literature 46 (Autumn 1970): 103–4. Replies to an essay by George Bowering, who attacks what he calls the “Northrop Frye school” of poetry. Argues that Frye and Bowering hold different theories about the relationship between poetry and experience, and suggests that Frye would see Bowering’s theory of organic form for what it really is—a convention. Abbotson, Susan C.W. “Comedy of a Common Man: Miller’s Comedic Chops.” Arthur Miller Journal 15, no. 1 (2020): 3–31. “While critics have acknowledged the often comic moments in Miller’s best-known tragedies and in 1968’s The Price, which Miller labeled as a comedy,

they tend to overlook other dramas that Miller wrote as fully comic, such as The Creation of the World and Other Business (1972), The Ride Down Mt. Morgan (1991), Mr. Peters’ Connections (1998), Resurrection Blues (2002), and Finishing the Picture (2004). These are plays that have a lot of connection to one another in terms of style and have found scarce production and lukewarm reception, mostly, I believe, because critics and audiences just do not know how to accept or understand Miller the comedian. This essay opens up that conversation and asks for a reconsideration of Miller’s comic intents” in Frye’s sense of comedy, especially ironic comedy. Abbott, Andrew. “Against Narrative: A Preface to Lyrical Sociology.” Sociological Theory 25, no. 1 (March 2007): 67– 99. “There is a temptation here—in the word irony—to fall into a facile but misleading equivalence. Hayden White, among others, has invoked the tropology of Northrop Frye to analyze social scientific writing (in his case, history). He notes Metaphor, Metonymy, Synecdoche, and Irony as four basic tropes, loosely associated with the four genres of Romance, Tragedy, Comedy, and Satire. At first blush, the lyrical seems to fit well under romance. But these are all narrative categories, straight from the Aristotelian canon; all concern the aims and outcomes of a plot. There is no necessary reason to think that the lyrical impulse is romantic and, indeed, in Japanese poetry, which is almost entirely lyrical in conception, it often is not so, however romantic that poetry may seem to narratively conditioned [sic] Western eyes.” Abbott, Mark. “On Poetry: How It Helps Us Transcend Language Customs and Embolden Creativity.” The Province (25 April 2017). http://theprovince.com/ entertainment/books/abbott-on-poetry-how-it-helps-ustranscend-language-customs-and-embolden-creativity. On Frye’s assessment of Shelley’s view of poetry as opposed to Peacock’s. Abdulla, Adnan. Catharsis in Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985. 97–100. Examines Frye’s

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statements about catharsis in Anatomy of Criticism and finds that he is “the first critic in the history of literary theory to associate catharsis with ecstasis” and that his defence of catharsis as both intellectual and emotional exuberance “is perhaps the most passionate throughout the ages.” Abeledo, Manuel. “El Libro del caballero Zifar entre la literatura ejemplar y el romance caballeresco” [The Book of the Zifar Knight: Between Exemplary Literature and Chivalrous Romance]. Letras (Universidad Católica Argentina) 59–60 (January–December 2009): 119–31. In Spanish. “In order to understand the entrance of Arthurian and chivalric literature in Spain, and its subsequent derivations and its diffusion in the Peninsula until reaching the transcendence that these texts reach in the Golden Age, it is fundamental to understand the particular tension and articulation that especially in the fourteenth century between the exemplary literary model, marked by particular patterns of reading and writing, and the model arrived from France with the Arthurian stories, related to what Northrop Frye called ‘romance.’” (author’s abstract) Abi-Ezzi, N. The Double in the Fiction of R.L. Stevenson, Wilkie Collins and Daphne du Maurier. Oxford: Lang, 2002. Draws on Frye’s theory of romance. Abitha, K. and X. John Paul. “A Study on the Popularity of Archetypal Theory: A Review.” Language in India 16, no. 11 (November 2016): 12–24. A study of the links between vampire novels and archetypal theory. Analyses archetypal images according to the definition of such images by Carl Jung, Joseph Campbell, and Frye. Abrahams, Roger D. “The Complex Relations of Simple Forms.” Folklore Genres. Ed. Dan Ben-Amos. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2014. “Without accepting Northrop Frye’s definition of genre, one can agree with his dictum on the use of generic criticism: ‘The purpose of criticism by genres is not so much to classify as to clarify . . . traditions and affinities, thereby bringing out a large number of literary relationships that would not be noticed as long as there were no context established for them.’ Frye points to the operational basis of this critical approach when he notes that ‘generic criticism . . . is rhetorical, in the sense that the genre is determined by the conditions established between the poet and his public.’” Ächtler, Norman. “Was ist ein Narrativ? Begriffsgeschichtliche Überlegungen Anlässlich Der Aktuellen Europa-Debatte” [What Is a Narrative? Conceptual Considerations during the Current European Debate]. KulturPoetik 14, no. 2 (2014):

244–68. In German. Proposes a definition of the German term Narrativ as an analytical category of interdisciplinary narratology. Argues that both psychology and history have a narrative shape that descends from Frye’s pre-generic mythoi. Ackerman, Alan. “Comedy, Capitalism, and a Loss of Gravity.” Discourse 36, no. 2 (Spring 2014): 139–75. Explores the nature of comedy in Frye’s theory of the comic mythos. Ackland, Michael. “Blake’s System and the Critics.” AUMLA 54 (1980): 149–70. A critique of Fearful Symmetry and three other books on Blake; they are faulted for ignoring the integrity of the individual poem and for often being less comprehensible than the works they interpret. Adams, Eric M. “Canadian Constitutional Identities.” Dalhousie Law Journal 38, no. 2 (Fall 2015): 311–43. “Literary History of Canada testified to the existence of a distinctive and worthy literary tradition in English Canada. The volume is especially well known for Northrop Frye’s concluding essay in which he confidently articulated his famous ‘garrison mentality’ as a unifying theme in Canadian literature and suggested that the question underlying the search for Canadian identity was not so much ‘Who am I?’ as ‘Where is here?’ In his much less well-known Whidden Lectures delivered at McMaster University shortly afterwards, in the nationalistic glow of the centennial year, Frye elliptically expressed more ambivalence and less certainty on the question of Canadian identity. ‘My present task, I think, is neither to eulogize nor to elegize Canadian nationality, neither to celebrate its survival nor to lament its passage,’ he explained. ‘All nations have . . . a buried or uncreated ideal, the lost world of the lamb and the child, and no nation has been more preoccupied with it than Canada.’ Canadian art and literature, he observed, ‘seem constantly to be trying to understand something that eludes it, frustrated by a sense that there is something to be found that has not been found.’ ‘The Canada, to which we really do owe loyalty,’ Frye concluded, ‘is the Canada that we have failed to create. In a year to be full of discussions of our identity, I should like to suggest that our identity, like the real identity of all nations, is the one that we have failed to achieve. It is expressed in our culture, but not attained in our life.’” “Frye might well have been speaking of the Canadian constitution. The search for Canadian constitutional identity has been an endemic feature of our constitutional history, one driven, more often, than not, by a desire to create and express something distinctive and organic about the Canadian constitutional

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

experience. The search itself revealed deep engagement with Canada’s constitutionalism, most prominently among elites in law and politics, but also more broadly in popular constitutional culture, especially journalism.” Adams, Hazard. “The Achievements of Northrop Frye (1912–1991).” Comparative Criticism, vol. 15. Ed. E.S. Shaffer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. 225–42. Perceptive account of Frye’s achievements, based on the theme of Frye as an outsider. –  “Criticism: Whence and Whither?” American Scholar 28 (Spring 1959): 226, 228, 232, 234, 238 [232, 238]. Praises Anatomy of Criticism for its systematic conceptual universe and for its particular insights. Believes Frye’s theory cannot be dismissed without dismissing along with it the virtues of his system, and chides Robert Martin Adams for criticizing the systematic character of Frye’s work, arguing that Adams’s critique is based upon a mistrust of philosophy. –  “Essay on Frye.” In Denham and Willard, Visionary Poetics, 41–6. Rpt. in Thinking through Blake: Essays in Literary Contrariety. Jefferson, NC, and London, UK: McFarland and Co., 2014. 65–9. Seeks to clear up an apparent contradiction in Frye’s work: Frye declares that literary criticism is a science but he also associates his own work with the genre he calls the anatomy. The anatomy dissects literature into its constituent parts but also incorporates all forms into itself. Frye’s method of “turning the insides out” is typical of such poets as Blake and Yeats. Insofar as the Anatomy offers a vision of a beautiful and functioning world, it becomes a work of art. –  “Frye, Northrop.” Encyclopedia of World Literature in the 20th Century, vol. 4, ed. Frederick Ungar and Una Mainiero. New York: Ungar, 1975. 126–7. A brief account of Frye’s chief contributions to literary study from Fearful Symmetry through The Stubborn Structure. –  The Interests of Criticism: An Introduction to Literary Theory. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1969. 122–31. Discusses Frye’s argument about the nature of criticism, as outlined in the Polemical Introduction to Anatomy of Criticism, and the chief theoretical concepts upon which Anatomy of Criticism is based, including imitation, myth, ritual, symbol, and archetype. Maintains that Frye has produced the most influential body of critical theory since the New Critics. Takes issue, however, with Frye’s view on value judgments. –  “Jerusalem’s Didactic and Mimetic-Narrative Experiment.” Studies in Romanticism 32 (Winter 1993): 627–54. A critique of interpretations of Blake’s poem, beginning with Frye’s Fearful Symmetry, to which Adams is nevertheless indebted.

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–  “The Literary Concept of Myth.” Philosophy of the Literary Symbolic. Tallahassee: University Presses of Florida, 1983. 263–86. A detailed account of Frye’s theory of symbolism, “the most comprehensive theoretical effort to gather the strands of romantic and postromantic literary theory together.” Discusses Frye’s idea of symbolic forms in relation to the concept of imitation, his understanding of anagogy, his use of the analogy between literary and mathematical languages, the relation between his view of literary symbolism and his more general interests, and his conception of the myths of freedom and concern. –  “Northrop Frye.” Critical Theory since Plato. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1971. 1117–18; rev. ed., 1992. 1045–6. An account of Frye’s theory of symbolism. Serves as an introduction to the Second Essay of Anatomy of Criticism, which is reprinted in Adams’s anthology. A number of references to Frye are scattered throughout the anthology: see pp. 2, 6, 8–10, 67, 116, 400, 445, 721, 942, 993, 1079, 1167, 1200. Adams, Hazard, and Leroy Searle. “Northrop Frye.” Critical Theory Since 1965. Tallahassee: University Press of Florida, 1985. 251–2. An introduction to the selection from The Critical Path, which is reprinted in this anthology. The editors point to the dialectic of the myths of freedom and concern in The Critical Path and observe that the book represents “the unfolding of a theory of the relation of literature to society and culture.” Adams, Jon. “Making a Science of Criticism.” Interference Patterns. Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press, 2007. 39–76. On the effort by Frye and others to develop a systematic criticism drawn from the principles of literature itself, similar to the scientific projects of Chomsky in linguistics and Lévi-Strauss in anthropology. –  “Plot Taxonomies and Intentionality.” Philosophy and Literature 32, no. 1 (April 2008): 102–18. On the conceptual foundations of Frye’s taxonomic schemes in Anatomy of Criticism. Frye is “acutely aware of the tension between his desire to see literature organized into a formal structure and the problems this creates for the valorization of individual writers.” By looking at how Frye constructs his taxonomical schema, and how he fits individual authors back into that superstructure, Adams argues “it is possible to get a better sense of how the taxonomy problematises the author’s role, and of why we might—despite their systemic appeal—want to remain wary about instituting the type of higher-level order a plot taxonomy requires.” Adams, Tim. “Exile on Planet Fame: Anthea Turner.” The Observer (15 October 2000). https://www.theguardian.

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com/observer/comment/story/0,6903,382717,00.html. Review of Anthea Turner’s autobiography, Fools Rush In. “The American post-structuralist Northrop Frye once argued that through the ages there had been a gradual diminution of literary heroes. Thus where ancient cultures told of the loves and rages of gods, in later times the protagonists of defining myths were superhuman rather than divine. In the Middle Ages and through the Renaissance heroic archetypes were generally elevated versions of their audience. With the arrival of the novel pivotal heroes and heroines became like ourselves, only more so. Future scholars, you imagine, may well demonstrate that this progression from the sacred to the mundane reached its logical conclusion in Anthea Turner’s autobiography Fools Rush In.” Adamson, Joseph. “Crazy Love: Frye, Breton, and the Erotic Imagination.” In Donaldson and Mendelson, Frye and the Word, 205–34. Reads Breton’s L’amour fou in light of Frye’s primary concern of eros and its biblical archetypes. –  “Frye and Edgar Allan Poe.” Paper presented at: “Educating the Imagination: A Conference in Honour of Northrop Frye on the Centenary of His Birth.” University of Toronto, 4–6 October 2013. Available online at https://macblog.mcmaster.ca/ fryeblog/2012/12/16/frye-and-poe-2/. Shows how Poe occupies a key place in Frye’s literary cosmology. –  “Frye’s Structure of Imagery: The Case of Eros in the Poetry of William Carlos Williams.” In Lee and Denham, Legacy, 213–21. Calls on the archetype of the garden, as outlined by Frye in Words with Power, to illuminate the structure of imagery in Williams’s poems. –  “Maladjusting Us: Frye, Education, and the Real Form of Society.” Hamilton Arts and Letters 8, no. 1 (2015). http://samizdatpress.typepad.com/hal_magazine_issue_ eight1/frye-education-and-the-real-form-of-societyby-joseph-adamson-10.html. “In the current climate of austerity and utilitarian cries for ‘relevance,’ [Frye’s] discussion of the role of the humanities in the university and of the central importance of art and literature in society, seems even more resonant now than it was close to fifty years ago.” –  “Northrop Frye.” Online Encyclopedia of Canadian Christian Leaders. http://www.canadianchristianleaders. org/leader/northrop-frye/. Overview of Frye’s career and legacy. –  “Northrop Frye and Contemporary Literary Theory.” Recherches sémiotics/Semiotic Inquiry 13, no. 3 (1993): 7–9. An introduction to the seven essays constituting

the special section of RSSI devoted to Frye and contemporary literary theory. –  “Northrop Frye, Semiotics, and the Mythological Structure of Imagery.” Recherches sémiotics/Semiotic Inquiry 13, no. 3 (1993): 85–100. On the shared assumptions of Frye and semioticians and the similarities between the insights of Bakhtin and Frye. –  “The Rising of Dilsey’s Bones: The Theme of Sparagmos in The Sound and the Fury.” Modern Language Quarterly 49, no. 3 (September 1988): 239–61. On the Nietzschean theme of the dismemberment of the hero in Faulkner. Draws on Frye’s view in the Anatomy that such dismemberment (sparagmos) is the archetypal theme of satire and irony. –  “The Treason of the Clerks: Frye, Ideology and the Authority of Imaginative Culture.” In Boyd and Salusinszky, Rereading Frye, 72–102. On Frye as a cultural critic. His conception of the autonomy of imaginative culture may be his “single most important contribution to the history of thought.” –  “Vallejo, Prometheus, and the Flesh Made Word.” The Poetry and Poetics of Cesar Vallejo: The Four Angles of the Circle. Studies in Latin American Literature and Culture. 6. Ed. Adam Sharman. Lewiston, NY: Mellen, 1997. 153–72. Draws on Frye’s archetype of the Promethean furnace to reconsider Vallejo’s work. Adamson, Joseph, and Jean Wilson. “Introduction.” In“The Secular Scripture” and Other Writings on Critical Theory, 1976–1991. Ed. Joseph Adamson and Jean Wilson. Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 19. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006. xxi–xliii. An overview of the central issues in the last two decades of Frye’s life, with special attention to The Secular Scripture. Sees the three central themes of Frye’s late work as “the dialectical polarization of imagery into desirable and abhorrent worlds; the recovery of myth in the literary act of recreation; and the struggle and complementarity of secular and sacred scriptures.” Notes the similarity of concerns in Frye’s late work with those of his two books on the Bible, and places him in the context of the poststructural moment. Adanur, Evrim Doğan. “Shakespeare’in Troilus ve Cressida Oyununda Anakronizm Kullanımı” [The Uses of Anachronism in Shakespeare’s Troilus and Cressida]. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences 16, no. 4 (2017): 1048–56. Glances at what Frye’s calls “pervasive disillusionment” in Shakespeare’s Troilus and Cressida set in an environment in which “heroism degenerates into brutality and love itself is reduced to . . . mechanical stimulus.”

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Addison, Catherine. “The Verse Novel as Genre: Contradiction or Hybrid?” Style 43, no. 4 (Winter 2009): 539–56. “In many European languages other than English, the romance—or at least the prose romance— is indistinguishable from the novel. The word ‘novel’ translates into French, Italian and German respectively as ‘roman,’ ‘romanzo’ and ‘Roman.’ Many other languages also use cognates of the word ‘romance’ in this way, to refer to a class of texts that includes both romances and novels. However, in English a distinction between the terms is generally maintained. Frye, whose chief critical interest is in romance, maintains that the novel occupies the area of fiction closest to the ‘realistic’ extreme. Interestingly, although he claims to be concerned mainly with ‘prose narratives,’ Frye does not specifically exclude verse from any of the literary types that he discusses, and he declares Spenser’s poetic Faerie Queene to be the ‘greatest romance in English literature.’” Adie, Mathilda. Female Quest in Christina Stead’s “For Love Alone.” Lund Studies in English 107. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell International, 2004. Combines Frye’s myth criticism with feminist and post-colonial theory to show that such criticism opens the way for an in-depth analysis of Teresa Hawkins in Stead’s novel as a modern quest hero. Adiseshiah, Siân. “‘I just die for some authority!’ Barriers to Utopia in Howard Brenton’s Greenland.” Comparative Drama 46, no. 1 (Spring 2012): 41–55. “In Anatomy of Criticism, Northrop Frye speaks of Shakespeare’s comedy as ‘the drama of the green world, its plot being assimilated to the ritual themes of the triumph of life and love over the waste land.’ Andrew Stott describes green worlds as ‘wish fulfilment locations, always rural, often enchanted, in which the normal business of the town is suspended and the pleasurable pastimes of holiday prevail. . . . Green worlds proximate utopias very closely, but an important distinction is that they are encased in a temporary block of time. Activities in the Arcadian retreat (Bakhtinian carnival, disguised identities, transgendering, subversion of normative rules and values) come to an end and the spectator is presented with the resumption of order . . . which is also usually a return to the city. Importantly, the significant difference in Greenland is that there is no restoration of the dominant order; Greenland is not a temporary utopic holiday from where visitors return to the grey world of real life; it is instead the everyday posthistorical space of the future.” Adkins, Curtis P. “The Hero in T’ang Ch’uan-ch’i Tales.” Critical Essays on Chinese Fiction. Ed. Winston L.Y. Yang and Curtis P. Adkins. Hong Kong: Chinese

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University Press 1980), 17–46 [18–21]. Uses Frye’s conception of the archetype as both a recurring symbol and a narrative pattern to examine the quest myth in the T’ang ch’uan-ch’i tales. Афанасьев, Сергей Глебович [Afanasyev, Sergei Glebovich]. “Художественное Восприятие В Контексте Теории Эмпатии.” [Extrapolation of Psychoanalysis by Empathy]. Society: Philosophy, History, Culture 12 (30 December 2016): 1–3. In Russian. “Deals with the theses of the empathic theories, in particular, the psychoanalytic theories of art criticism. Discusses ideas of Western scholars, such as Norman Holland, Herman Northrop Frye, Georges Poulet about the correct understanding of the role of the art form, the desire to overcome the ‘biographism,’ the proper interpretation of psychoanalysis by the empathic conception of criticism.” (author’s abstract) Afzaljhan, Fawzia, Cultural Imperialism and the Indo-English Novel: Genre and Ideology in R.K. Narayan, Anita Desai, Kamala Markandaya, and Salman Rushdie. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1993. Studies the interplay between Frye’s mythromance and Lukács’ critical realism in the fiction of four Indian writers. Agabiti, Thomas. “Samuel Fuller’s Run of the Arrow and the Mythos of Romance: An Archetypal Analysis.” Film Reader 2 (January 1977): 96–110. Applies Frye’s conceptual framework of archetypal criticism to cinema, especially Samuel Fuller’s Run of the Arrow. Agawu, Kofi. Review of A Theory of Musical Narrative, by Byron Almén. Notes, Second Series, 66, no. 2 (December 2009): 275–77. Observes that Almén’s chief intellectual debts are not to musicians but to studies of myth by Frye and narrative by James Liszka. Aglargöz, Ozan. “Czarniawska’yi Gölgelerken . . ./ Shadowing Czarniawska. . . .” Is Ahlakı Dergisi [Business Ethics Magazine] 9, no. 1 (Spring 2016): 159–64. On the importance of the trilogy structure, as advanced by Paul Hernadi, for B. Czarniawska and Frye. In Turkish. Agnew, Gates K. “Berowne and the Progress of Love’s Labour’s Lost.” Shakespeare Studies 4 (1968): 40–72. Argues that the play fits the formula of comedy as defined by Frye. Agrell, Beata. “Genretheori och Genrehistoria.” In Genreteori, ed. Eva Haettner Aurelius and Thomas Götselius. Lund: Studentlitteratur, 1997. In Swedish. Examines Tzvetan Todorov’s critique of Frye’s theory of genre. Aguiar, Flávio. “Northrop Frye e a autonomia da arte.” YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=JLdPfcRPQbI. In Portuguese.

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–  “Postscript” to Aguiar’s translation into Portuguese of The Great Code–O Código dos códigos: a Bíblia e a Literatura. São Paulo: Boitempo Editorial, 2004. Aguilera, José Luis Bellón. “Tres teorías del conflicto intelectual: Randall Collins, Pierre Bourdieu y Harold Bloom” [Three Theories of Intellectual Conflict: Randall Collins, Pierre Bourdieu and Harold Bloom]. Romanica Silesiana 7 (2012): 237–47. In Spanish. Mentions that Bloom was a disciple of Frye’s. Ahmad, Iqbal. “Imagination and Image in Frye’s Criticism.” English Quarterly 3 (Summer 1970): 15–24. Argues that for Frye imaginative energy creates imaginative reality, the images of which are found in the patterns or archetypes of literature: the original writer does not repeat the archetype but recreates it. Believes that Frye’s theory of the imagination helps the reader to understand literature but cannot be used to evaluate specific works. Ahmad, Siti Nuraishah. “Malaysia as the Archetypal Garden in the British Creative Imagination.” Southeast Asian Studies 3, no. 1 (April 2014): 49–84. “The Jungian archetypal framework lists a variety of garden images, showing the many different meanings and situations in which the archetype appears to the European collective unconscious. Northrop Frye outlines its various incarnations in Western literature: (1) as the garden of paradise, it is the manifestation of human desires, expressed by shaping the vegetable world into gardens, parks, and farms; (2) in demonic imagery, the corresponding garden images are the ‘sinister enchanted garden like that of Circe . . . the tree of death, the tree of forbidden knowledge in Genesis, the barren fig-tree of the Gospels, and the cross’ as well as ‘the labyrinth or maze.’ These images portray a world ‘before the human imagination begins to work on it and before any image of human desire, such as the city or the garden, has been solidly established.’ The garden of the world of romance, or the ‘analogy of innocence’ includes the Garden of Eden—Frye cites images from the Bible, Milton, and Dante—and the locus amoenus as examples. However, the garden is not as prominent in ‘high mimetic imagery’ or the ‘analogy of nature and reason.’” Ahmad, Siti Nuraishah, Shanthini Pillai, and Noraini Md. Yusof. “Rehabilitating Eden: Archetypal Images of Malaya in European Travel Writing.” Journeys 12, no. 1 (August 2011): 22–45. “This article brings in Jungian literary criticism—by Joseph Campbell, Erich Neumann, and Northrop Frye—to the analysis of images of Malaya in European travel writing.”

Aichele, George, Jr. “Modern Comic Theories.” Theology as Comedy: Critical and Theoretical Implications. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1980. 17–42 [26–8, 31–2]. Categorizes Frye’s theory of comedy as “light,” because, like the theories of Bergson and Langer, it views comedy as socially creative, edifying, preservative, and culturally powerful. Opposes this view to the “dark” or negative theories of comedy in such writers as Baudelaire and Camus. Aikin, Judith P. Scaramutza in Germany: The Dramatic Works of Caspar Stieler. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2010. “In the especially fruitful realm of English language theory of comedy one finds a tendency to elevate comedy, particularly Shakespearean or romantic comedy, to a level of cosmic significance not exceeded by that of tragedy. Joseph Campbell and Northrop Frye, for instance, have tied comedy to archetypal myths and rituals of regeneration and resurrection.” Aithal, S. Krishnamoorthy. “Getting Past the Antithetical Way of Stating the Problem: Northrop Frye’s Critical Path.” In Aithal, The Importance of Northrop Frye, 107– 35 (no. 20 in chapter 1, above). Shows how Frye picks his way carefully through the field of theory. Aitken, Johan L. English and Ethics: Some Ideas for Teachers of Literature (Profiles in Practical Education 10). Toronto: Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, 1976. 34 pp. A manual, significantly shaped by Frye’s insights, on the coalition between ethics and literary study. –  “An Informing Power in the Mind.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Modern Language Association, Toronto, 28 December 1997, as part of the symposium, “Frye and the City.” 11-page typescript. –  “Making Human Sense: The Changing Influences of Northrop Frye’s Literary Theory upon the Literary Experiences of Children—1957–2007.” Northrop Frye Weblog, McMaster University, posted 6 March 2010. https://macblog.mcmaster.ca/fryeblog/ making-human-sense-the-changing-influences-ofnorthrop-fryes-literary-theory-upon-the-literaryexperiences-of-children-1957-2007/. “By 1957, something called Children’s Literature was becoming a respectable field of academic study in universities. The so-called classics from “the maddened ethics of fairyland” (The Brothers Grimm, Perrault and the literary tales of Andersen and Wilde), The Water Babies, Gulliver’s Travels, Alice in Wonderland, Treasure Island, Robinson Crusoe—all the books children had the good

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

sense to seize upon—had long been given critical attention. Now, however, the climate—social, economic, political and educational—was ripe for this attention to extend to almost everything read to—and by—children. And, in 1957, when Anatomy of Criticism burst upon the world, the exciting practices of making connections and seeing correspondences intensified. The confluence of these two sea changes—Frye’s perspective on literary studies writ large and the recognition that Children’s Literature could be studied in an organized fashion— brought the possibility of system and sense to a field heretofore largely neglected by the academy.” –  “Northrop Frye and Educational Theory: Some Implications for Teaching.” Teacher Education 10 (April 1977): 50–9. Examines Frye’s understanding of several key objectives or priorities in education: contemplation, communication, free speech, and social vision. Argues that teachers need an educational theory and that Frye’s, as presented in On Teaching Literature and other essays, can help them to grow. This essay is an abridged version of chap. 1, part 3, of Aitken’s dissertation, “Children’s Literature in the Light of Northrop Frye’s Theory.” –  “The Tale’s the Thing: Northrop Frye’s Theory Applied to the Teaching of Tales in the Elementary School.” Interchange 7, no. 2 (1976–7): 63–72. Shows how Frye’s theories of literature apply to the tales children relish, and how they help teachers make connections and perceive hidden likenesses. –  “Teaching The Great Code.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the South Atlantic Modern Language Association, Atlanta, GA, 10 November 1984. 10 pp. Photoduplicated typescript. Recounts author’s experience of teaching Frye’s Great Code, supplemented by his videotaped lectures on the Bible, to students in the University of Toronto School for Continuing Studies. –  “The Shape of Myth.” Indirections 6 (Winter 1981): 28–39. Using Frye’s proposal that mythology should serve as the basis of education, shows how teachers can examine biblical and classical myths with children. –  et al. Wavelengths 31. Np: Dent (Canada), 1970; Wavelengths 32, ibid., 1971; Wavelengths 33, ibid. A series of textbooks, based upon Frye’s conceptual framework of literary modes, for children in the elementary grades. Akey, Stephen. “Beyond Words: Anatomy of Wonder.” The Smart Set (blog) (11 January 2016). https:// thesmartset.com/anatomy-of-wonder/. A moving paean to Anatomy of Criticism as a work of creative genius.

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Aktulum, Kubilay. “Metinlerarasılık Görüngüsünde Gerçeklik ya da Metnin Göndergeselliği” [Referentiality and Reality of the Text in an Intertextual Perspective]. Bilig 85 (Spring 2018): 233–56. In Turkish. Sees Frye as among those who affirm intertextuality without denying the referentiality of texts. al-Bazei, Saad. “Methodological Underpinnings: The Prejudices of Western Literary Criticism.” Arab Journal for the Humanities 38 (1990). “Discusses the formalist [critical] approach as exemplified in the work of Northrop Frye, where we find illustrated the religiousphilosophical background of some of the underpinnings of the formalist method. Biblical exegeses as well as the philosophical principles of someone like the Jewish thinker Spinoza are discussed in the context of highlighting the religious-secular tensions governing both formalism and the approach evolving out of it, structuralism.” Alber, Jan. Unnatural Narrative: Impossible Worlds in Fiction and Drama. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2016. Frye, “who sees romance as a mode (rather than a genre) and also as the ultimate paradigm of all storytelling, points out that ‘the hero of romance moves in a world in which the ordinary laws of nature are slightly suspended: prodigies of courage and endurance, unnatural to us, are natural to him, and enchanted weapons, talking animals, terrifying ogres and witches, and talismans of miraculous power violate no rule of probability once the postulates of romance have been established. In contrast to Frye, I see romance not as a mode but as a genre.” Albertazzi, Silvia. “Matt Cohen’s Seasons of Salem.” In Canada ieri e oggi, ed. Giovanni Bonanno. Fasano: Schena Editore, 1986. 347–58. Alborg, Juan Luis. Sobre crítica y críticos: Historia de la literatura española; Paréntesis teórico que apenas tiene que ver con la presente historia [On Criticism and Critics: History of Spanish Literature. Theoretical Parenthesis That Barely Has to Do with This Story]. Madrid: Gredos, 1991. In Spanish. On Frye, passim. Albrecht, Jane White. “The Satiric Irony of Marta la piadosa.” Bulletin of the Comediantes 39 (Summer 1987): 37–45. Argues that Tirso de Molina’s play is an example of what Frye calls “ironic comedy.” Albu, Rodica. “‘What Is Left of Archetypal Criticism?’ (dedicated to Northrop Frye and his school). First Symposium of English and American Studies. 29–31 October 1982. Iaşi: Cuiza University. 1982.

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The Reception of Northrop Frye

Alciato, Armando. “Il pensiero critico di Eliot secondo Northrop Frye” [Eliot’s Critical Thinking according to Northrop Frye]. In Realtà nuova: Il pensiero dei rotariani sui problemi della nostra vita e della nostra cultura 57, no. 3–4 (March–April 1992): 171–88. Eliot’s critical thinking according to Frye. Aldama, Frederick Luis. “History as Handmaiden to Fiction in Amitav Ghosh.” A User’s Guide to Postcolonial and Latino Borderland Fiction. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2009. 66–85. “The romance is less concerned with individual psychology than with archetypes. In his taxonomy of different storytelling modes, Northrop Frye nicely sums this up, writing, “the romancer does not attempt to create ‘real people’ so much as stylized figures which expand into psychological archetypes” (83). Alexander, Ian. “Music in My Life: A Dialogue between Northrop Frye and Ian Alexander.” Northrop Frye Newsletter 1, no. 2 (Spring 1989): 10–16. Interview on Alexander’s CBC “Music in My Life” series. Alexander, J. “Northrop Frye on the Teaching of English.” Use of English 47, no. 3 (1996): 193–204. Alexander, Jeffrey C. The Meanings of Social Life: A Cultural Sociology. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Chap. 1, written with Phillip Smith, argues that the appeal of literary theory, as found in Frye and others, “lies partially in its affinity for a textual understanding of social life. . . . As Northrop Frye recognized, when approached in a structural way narrative allows for the construction of models that can be applied across cases and contexts but at the same time provides a tool for interrogating particularities.” –  “What Social Science Must Learn from the Humanities.” Sociologia & Antropologia 9, no. 1 (January–April 2019): 43–54. “Aristotle created narrative theory in his Poetics and employed it to explain the difference between the tragic and comedic Greek plays. Northrop Frye updated this sturdy account of meaning in reference to Shakespearian drama, explaining how ascending romance brings readers closer to the actors and stokes fervent feelings, while descending comic plots deflate passion by pulling reader identification away.” Alexander, Jeffrey C., and Philip Smith. “Introduction: The Rise and Fall of Clifford Geertz.” In Interpreting Clifford Geertz: Cultural Investigation in the Social Sciences. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. 1–6. “In his analysis of the Bible, entitled The Great Code, Northrop Frye observed the history of the Israelites to be an unstable one. First there was obscurity and marginality. Next, prophetic intervention renewed faith and solidarity.

Thence came triumph and empire—but after that things would go wrong. Complacency produced decadence, fractious infighting, and broken covenants. Failure, humiliation, and exile followed. The cycle would begin again. This tidal periodicity moving over generations accounts for the epic feel of the Old Testament, as if Nietzsche’s myth of eternal return were playing out through the destiny of a people.” Alexander, Joy. “Northrop Frye o nastavi engleskog jezika” [Northrop Frye on the Teaching of English]. Strani jezici: časopis za unapređenje nastave stranih jezika [Journal for the Improvement of the Teaching of Foreign Languages] 25, nos. 1–2 (1996): 74–81. In Bosnian. Alexander, Kwame. The Write Thing: Kwame Alexander Engages Students in Writing Workshop (and You Can Too!). Huntington Beach, CA: Shell Educational Publishing, 2019. Notes Frye’s injunction that the study of literature should begin with the form that lies at the centre of literary expression—poetry. Alexis, André. “The Long Decline.” Walrus 7, no. 6 (July– August 2010). “These days, Canadian literary reviewers are so woefully incompetent, it makes you wonder if there’s something in our culture that poisons critics in their cradles. I was once told, by a short, pompous man with thick, dark-rimmed glasses (a self-styled ‘critic’), that criticism is ‘the rich loam out of which literature blooms.’ If that were the case, Canadian literature would have withered, died, and blown away long ago. The failure of our country to produce a single literary critic of any worth, at least since the death of Northrop Frye, is striking. And in this age when book review pages disappear from our dying newspapers, things are likely to get worse. That is, we’re likely to be left with nothing but the sheer opinion spreading that passes for critical thought these days. . . . Northrop Frye was a great critic, but his work—and some of the work he influenced, Margaret Atwood’s Survival, above all— was one of the catalysts for a kind of populist critical rebellion. Frye’s work was academic, specialized, and structuralist. Anatomy of Criticism is a book that, it has been suggested, put methodology first and, to an extent, the literary works it was scrutinizing second. I don’t think that’s entirely fair. Frye’s respect for the literary work was, to me, inspiring. And he was a good practical critic (or reviewer). He could write a clear evaluation of Wallace Stevens, say, that was accessible to all, whether you had read Anatomy of Criticism or not.” Alfonso, Eva, and Marta Frago. “The Adventure Screenplay in William Goldman: The Playful and the Ironic in Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid and The Princess

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Bride.” Comunicación y Sociedad 27, no. 4 (2014): 1–15. “Goldman’s novel The Princess Bride is close to Northrop Frye’s ironic mythos, which applies a realistic focus to fantasy and creates a liminal space between fiction and reality. It is also a meta-fantastic narration, a concept defined by George Aichele as fairy tales about fairy tales.” Al-Garrallah, Aiman Sanad. “‘The cunning wife/fruit tree’ syndrome: Chaucer’s The Merchant’s Tale and Seven Arabic Stories.” Neohelicon: Acta comparationis litterarum universarum 42, no. 2 (2015): 671–86. Uses a feminist archetypal approach to shed some light on specific archetypal patterns, in Frye’s sense, found in Chaucer’s The Merchant’s Tale and seven Arabic tales. Argues that there are some primordial, universal, and recurrent archetypes which connect those texts together. Ali, Abdul Wahab. “Kemunculan Novel dalam Sastera Moden Indonesia dan Malaysia: Satu Kajian Perbandingan” [The Emergence of the Novel in Modern Indonesian and Malaysian Literature: A Comparative Study]. ITBM, 1991. Ali, Muhammad, Ghulam Ali Buriro, and Aftab Ahmed Charan. “The Viewer Perception of the Connotative Portrayal of Superhero Characters in Postmodern Screen Fiction.” International Research Journal of Arts and Humanities 47, no. 47 (2019): 189. Alihodžić, Demir. “Gendered Dystopia: Gender Politics in Yevgeny Zamyatin’s We”. DHS—Društvene i humanističke studije: časopis Filozofskog fakulteta u Tuzli 2 (2017): 111–39 Allan, Jonathan. “Anatomies of Influence, Anxieties of Criticism: Northrop Frye & Harold Bloom.” Canadian Review of Comparative Literature/Revue Canadienne de Littérature Comparée 36, no. 2 (June 2009): 137–54. “Considers Bloom’s The Anxiety of Influence and his own ‘anxiety of influence’; accordingly, Bloom’s work will be considered in the shadow cast by Frye. This question will . . . be mapped out and established through a series of letters and close readings of Bloom’s work. Arising out of this analysis is another, and perhaps more profound, question about the nature of the anxiety of having influenced; as such, this study moves to consider Frye’s reaction to the influence he had upon Bloom.” (author’s abstract) –  “The First Major Theoretician? Northrop Frye and Literary Theory.” Canadian Review of Comparative Literature/Revue Canadienne de Littérature Comparée 44, no. 1 (March 2017): 82–94. Thomas Willard devotes an article to “the genius of Northrop Frye,” in which he ultimately concludes, “I think we can safely say that he had genius,” which would run counter to Harold

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Bloom’s claim that “Frye’s criticism will survive because it is serious, spiritual, and comprehensive, but not because it is systematic or a manifestation of genius.” In his article “The Social Vision of Frye’s Criticism: The Scandal of Undiscriminating Catholicity,” Jonathan Arac begins, “Anatomy of Criticism is the greatest work of positive literary criticism yet produced in English, but its standing has continuously been haunted by unease over Frye’s refusing to grant value-judgments any place within criticism,” a point that Harold Bloom has seen (and continues to see) as his chief—and lasting— difference with his precursor, Northrop Frye. What is clear is that Frye’s place in literary history is one that seems to be, at least at first glance, quite secure, even if debated. These critical voices are, after all, just a selection of possible choices, all of which aim to show how strong, good, or important a critic Northrop Frye is.” –  “Northrop Frye on Romance.” “Teach Me Tonight” weblog. http://teachmetonight.blogspot.com/2011/01/northropfrye-on-romance.html. Review of The Secular Scripture. –  “Predestined Literary Theory: The Influence of John Calvin on Northrop Frye’s Development of the Archetype.” Paper presented at the conference Nostalgic Futures: Yesterday’s Comparative Literature in Tomorrow’s World, Brock University, 9 November 2007. –  “Teaching Romance: Labeling the Genre.” “Teach Me Tonight” weblog. http://teachmetonight.blogspot. com/2011/02/teaching-romance-labeling-genre.html. –  “Theorising Male Virginity in Popular Romance Novels.” Journal of Popular Romance Studies 12 October 2011. “In this article, I hope to move beyond merely acknowledging the virgin hero’s existence to a more complex, theorised understanding of him as a complex character within the genre of popular romance fiction. My argument is that male virginity in romance novels is worthy of a more significant study than it has thus far been afforded—in part because male virgins are treated so differently in these novels from the ways they appear in cinematic representations, and in part because studying the virgin hero allows us to revisit some of the most puzzling and provocative of Northrop Frye’s pronouncements on the ‘romance,’ broadly considered: in particular, his claim that in ‘romance’ there is a ‘magical emphasis on virginity, the fact that virgins can do things others can’t but that ‘this prudery [about virginity] is structural, not moral.’ With Frye in mind, my approach to the topic will be anatomical; that is, I will anatomise various ‘types’ of the virgin hero in modern popular romance fiction, with some exploration of how they overlap and relate to one another.”

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–  “Theorising the Monstrous and the Virginal in Popular Romance Novels.” 8th Global Conference on Monsters and Monstrous. http://www.inter-disciplinary.net/wp-content/ uploads/2010/08/jallanpaper.pdf. 2010. Considers the question of male virginity in popular romance, particularly Stephenie Meyer’s Twilight Saga, in relation to discourses of monstrosity and deviance. The discussion of romance draws heavily on Frye’s account of the genre. –  “Visiting Theory: The Northrop Frye Visiting Professorship at the University of Toronto.” University of Toronto Quarterly 81, no. 1 (Winter 2012): 157–62. A history of the Northrop Frye Visiting Professorship. Allen, James Lovic. “The Road to Byzantium: Archetypal Criticism and Yeats.” Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 32 (Fall 1973): 53–64 [55–8]. Claims that Frye’s archetypal categories are “too highly schematized and theoretical” to be of use in the practical criticism of Yeats’s work. Analyses Frye’s archetypal framework in Anatomy of Criticism, and in an essay on Yeats’s imagery, concludes that Yeats’s neo-Platonic imagination required ‘only two main categories of images and archetypes, not the three or four postulated by Northrop Frye.’” Allen, J. Frederick. “Man and Nature: An Ecocritical Analysis of Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart.” IUP Journal of English Studies 13, no. 2 (June 2018): 50–62. “Frye’s statement on literary criticism should be mentioned: ‘What is at present missing from literary criticism is a coordinating principle, a central hypothesis, which, like the theory of evolution in biology, will see the phenomenon it deals with as part of a whole.’ If one were to replace ‘literary criticism’ with ‘ecocriticism,’ Frye’s statement would ring true even now.” Allison, John. “The ‘World Politics’ Course: Changing Thinking on International Relations Education in Ontario Secondary Schools, 1850–1970.” History of Education: Journal of the History of Education Society 48, no. 6 (2019): 731–50. Almería, Luis Beltrán. “El legado crítico de Northrop Frye” [The Critical Legacy of Northrop Frye]. Revista de Filología Hispánica 25, no. 1 (2009): 55–62. In Spanish. “Sixteen years after Northrop Frye’s death, his legacy is still splendid. The essence of this legacy is the commitment with the social context of literature, condensed in Frye’s formula of equilibrium between concern and freedom. This formula is the great truth in Frye’s legacy. At its side, however, the author of this essay finds a vacuum: Frye’s reluctance to an explicit philosophy of literary history, from which a reading of Frye arises that sets out mechanical and abstract concepts.”

–  “Ontología, teoría de la imaginación e historia literaria” [Ontology, Theory of Imagination and Literary History]. RILCE (Revista del Instituto de Lengua y Cultura Españolas) 31, no. 2 (2015): 365–80. In Spanish. “The philosophical-historical conception of literature is opposed to the most ingrained dogma in conventional literary history: the principle of the Zeitgeist or spirit of the age. Many call it simply historical context. This dogma can be described by saying that in order to explain a work it is necessary to understand its cultural and historical environment and, in its radical sense, suppose that it is enough to reconstruct the environment to understand the work. This principle appears equally in the most stale historicism and in the new historicism of Greenblatt and others. Among the critics of this principle, Frye and Bakhtin stand out. This principle assumes the tendency to understand the spirit of time in increasingly smaller temporal moments, a year, for example. Frye explained in The Critical Path that there are two contexts: one, minor, which is the immediate cultural and historical one; and another, relevant, which is that of literature, taken in very broad perspectives. If the principle of the spirit of time were true all the literature of a given moment would have the same characteristics, something that does not happen even with the literature of mass consumption.” Almén, Byron. “Narrative Archetypes: A Critique, Theory, and Method of Narrative Analysis.” Journal of Music Theory 47, no. 1 (2003): 1–39. Presents a model of the narrative analysis of music based on Frye’s concept of the narrative archetype. –  “The Sacrificed Hero: Creative Mythopoesis in Mahler’s Wunderhorn Symphonies.” In Approaches to Meaning in Music, ed. Byron Almén and Edward Pearsall. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2006. 135–69. –  A Theory of Musical Narrative. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2008. Explores the possibility of reducing the infinite variety of compositional forms to a manageable group of categories in which the confluence of form and mood that creates genre can be aligned with the four basic archetypes of literary narrative (according to Northrop Frye)—comic, ironic, romance, and tragic. Alonso Recarte, Claudia. “The Myth of the Adirondack Backwoodsman: From the Golden Years to Consumer Society.” Miscelánea 42 (2010): 33–49. “I have attempted to present the rise and fall of the myth of a culturallyspecific region through Burke’s sociological formulation of literature as equipment for living and a theoretical consideration of Frye’s fictional modes.”

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Alou, Antoinette Tidjani. “Myths of a New World in Édouard Glissant’s novels La Lézarde and Le Quatrième siècle.” Tydskrif vir Letterkunde 44, no. 2 (Spring 2007): 163–86. In a reading of Glissant’s novels, calls on Frye’s work/play opposition and his principle of the four primary concerns, as these ideas are developed in Words with Power. Alp, Çiğdem. “Modernizme geçiş: Virginia Woolf’un Night and Day romaninda romans geleneğinin ve realizmin yikimi” [Experimental Modernism: The Subversion of Romance Formulas and the Dismantling of Realist Representation of the City in Virginia Woolf’s Night and Day]. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2 (2013): 50–67. In Bosnian. “While the subverted romance structure exposes the established views on gender and marriage, the portrayal of London through the consciousness of the characters prevents the novel from being a wholly realist work. The aim of this paper is to analyze how Woolf challenges traditional form and subject matter, and hence lays the ground for her later modernist works.” Follows throughout Frye’s definition of the novel and the romance. Alpers, Paul J. Poetry of the Faerie Queene. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2015. “‘Literally . . . a poem’s narrative is its rhythm or movement of words,’ Northrop Frye has remarked. But ‘when we think of a poem’s narrative as a description of events, we no longer think of the narrative as literally embracing every word and letter. We think rather of a sequence of gross events, of the obvious and externally striking elements in the word-order.’ In Frye’s terms, the argument of the last chapter is that we have forsaken the literal narration of The Faerie Queene, the continuous flow of words, for a kind of narration that is really not there.” Al-Saber, Samer. “Beyond Colonial Tropes: Two Productions of A Midsummer Night’s Dream in Palestine.” Critical Survey 28, no. 3 (2016): 27–46. Notes that Frye coined the term “Green world” in Anatomy of Criticism to describe a place of escape, most often a forest, in Shakespearean comedies. Alsyouf, Amjad. “Aesthetic and Cognitive Values of Seamus Heaney’s Wintering Out: A Fryean Approach to Selected Poems.” Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 4 (2019): 722–9. https://doi.org/10.18510/ hssr.2019.7492. “This study investigates the relevance of the aesthetic values to the cognitive values in the poetry of the Anglo-Irish poet Seamus Heaney (1939–2013). It examines ‘The Tollund Man,’ ‘Servant Boy,’ ‘Gifts of Rain’ and ‘Limbo’ from his poetry collection Wintering Out (1972), and focuses on the treatment of rebirth imagery and archetypes aiming to address their aesthetic and conceptual features.” Uses Frye’s archetypal theory.

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Alter, Robert. “Northrop Frye between Archetype and Typology.” In Donaldson and Mendelson, Frye and the Word, 137–50, and in Kee, Northrop Frye and the Afterlife of the Word, 9–21; published in French as “Northrop Frye: Entre archetype et typologie.” Recherches de science religieuse 89, no. 3 (2001): 403–18. Argues that Frye’s view of the literary—“a verbal structure that exists for itself”—is vulnerable from the point of view of literary theory and as a description of the Bible. Claims that Frye’s imaginative approach is based on a series of interpretations that are systematically erroneous. Argues that in the Bible poetry is a minor genre compared to prose, the Bible’s principal narrative device. Altieri, Charles. “Northrop Frye and the Problem of Spiritual Authority.” PMLA 87 (1972): 964–75. Analyses Frye’s definition of humanity, a definition established by the study of origins and expressed both in a society’s “myths of concern” and in its imaginative creations. The telos of humanity, or the underlying structure and imagery of human desire, is seen as a principle of mediation, not unlike what one finds in Sartre, Lukács, and Ricoeur. Argues that this principle can become a model for both moral action and literary criticism, and it can be used to resist the relativism of such structuralist critics as Foucault and Derrida. –  “Some Uses of Frye’s Literary Theory.” CEA Critic 42 (January 1980): 10–19. Testifies to the mediating values of Frye’s literary theory in three areas. First, Frye’s definition of both the centripetal and the centrifugal functions of literature, his dialectical understanding of literature as both temporal and spatial, and his attention to both the authorial and the dramatic aspects of texts as being more descriptively adequate than theories that emphasize only one of the poles in these oppositions. Second, Frye’s focus on the structure of the desires that inform actions helps to define the acts and identities of critics. Third, Frye’s unwillingness to reduce literature to irony and criticism to description, on the one hand, or to deconstructive play, on the other, forces the critic to confront his ultimate problem: how to relate literature to praxis and existential reality. Altieri, Joanne. “Against Moralizing Jacobean Drama: Middleton’s Chaste Maid.” Criticism 30 (Spring 1988): 171–87. Seeks to rescue Middleton from the “Frye-based reading” of George E. Rowe, Jr., who sees Middleton as not belonging to the comic tradition at all, at least not to the tradition of New Comedy. Altizer, Thomas J.J. New Apocalypse: The Radical Christian Vision of William Blake. Aurora, CO: Davies Group Publishers, 2000. Acknowledges author’s great debt

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The Reception of Northrop Frye

to Frye’s pioneering study of Blake and calls on Frye’s views throughout. See, for example, pp. 10, 59, 68–9, 71, 74, 92, 102, 112, 131, 137, 143, 151–3, 164, and 186. Alvares, Jean. “Utopian Themes in three Greek Romances.” Ancient Narrative (1 January 2002). https://www. thefreelibrary.com/Utopian+themes+in+three+Greek+ romances.-a0192640128. “The ancient Greek romances are ideal in more than their protagonists’ wealth, high status, beauty, exceptional love and the happy ending they eventually find. Here is a preliminary theorization and overview of a wider explication of the romances’ ideal themes. Three approaches are drawn upon to provide examples for such a project: the myth-thematic approach, as exemplified by the work of Northrop Frye, and those of the Marxist critics Fredric Jameson and Ernst Bloch. Myth-thematic criticism highlights those ideal and persistent patterns the ideal romances share with profound myths such as that of Demeter and Kore or with eschatological discourses as well as with medieval and later romances.” (author’s abstract) Alvarez, Aurora Gedra Ruiz. “A retórica do trágico em o Remorso de baltazar serapião” [The Rhetoric of the Tragic in the Baltazar Serapião’s Remorse]. Acta Scientiarum. Language and Culture 41, no. 1 (2019). Online. Uses Frye’s conception of the low mimetic mode to characterize Baltazar in Valter Hugo Mãe’s Baltazar Serapião’s Remorse. Ambrosini, Richard. “From Archetypes to National Specificity.” In Lombardo, Rittrato, 331–9. On “the cross-pollination between [Frye’s] literary theory and his writing about Canadian literature.” Ameel, Lieven. “Cities Utopian, Dystopian, and Apocalyptic.” In The Palgrave Handbook of Literature and the City. Ed. Jeremy Tambling. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. 785–800. Quotes Frye as saying that today’s readers of Edward Bellamy’s Looking Backward tend to see it not as a utopia but as “a blueprint for tyranny,” the point being that utopias are not always unambiguously blueprints for a good society.

Amrine, Frederick. Goethe and the Myth of the Bildungsroman: Rethinking the Wilhelm Meister Novels. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2020. “Reading the novels in light of the eminent criticism of Northrop Frye, this book productively shifts away from social commentary towards the archetypal and symbolic, showing Goethe not to be an exception within world literature; rather, that he participates deeply in its overarching structures.” Anastasjew, N. “Literaturkritik in den USA heute” [Literary Criticism in the USA Today]. Kunst und Literatur 32, no. 2 (1984): 223–34. In German. Sees Frye as the ancestor of the current evils that beset criticism because of his assumption that criticism builds on an internally governed structure of ideas that are relatively independent of art. Anderson, Angela. “Dylan Thomas and the Hero’s Quest.” Art*Thoughts (17 April 2017). https://andersonangelad. wordpress.com/2017/04/17/dylan-thomas-and-theheros-quest/. “Frye argues for a centralized theory of literature based on archetypes drawn from ‘pre-literary categories’ or ‘literary anthropology.’” In his survey of archetypes that inform literature on a grand scale, he concludes: ‘the central myth of art must be the vision of the end of social effort, the innocent world of fulfilled desires, the free human society.’ He calls this the hero’s quest, which is the ‘mingling of the sun and the hero, the realizing of a world in which the inner desire and the outward circumstance coincide.’ It is the soul’s quest for perpetual spring and the defeat of winter.” Andersen, Birklund. “Historien som eventyrroman (Northrop Frye og eventyrromanen)” [The Story as an Adventure Novel (Northrop Frye and the Adventure Novel)]. In Den faktiske sandheds poesi: Studier I historieromanen i fØrste halved. Aarhus: Aarhus Universitetsforlag, 1996. In Danish. Applies Frye’s narrative theories to the adventure novel.

Ames, Frank Ritchel. “The Blood-Stained Warrior in Ancient Israel.” In Warfare, Ritual, and Symbol in Biblical and Modern Contexts, ed. Brad E. Kelle, Frank Ritchel Ames, and Jacob L. Wright. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature. Ancient Israel and Its Literature, no. 18 (3 June 2014). Calls attention to Frye’s view of symbolism.

Anderson, David K. Review of What Was Tragedy? Theory and the Early Modern Canon, by Blair Hoxby. Comparative Drama 51, no. 2 (Summer 2017): 234–7. Observes that “a critical commonplace going back to Nietzsche and reiterated in the twentieth century by critics such as George Steiner and Northrop Frye sees Christianity, with its anticipation of ultimate justice, as anti-tragic.”

Amossy, Ruth, and Elisheva Rosen. “La comédie ‘romantique’ et le carnaval: La Nuit des Rois et les Caprices de Marianne” [The Romantic Comedy and the Carnival: The Night of the Kings and the Caprices of Marianne]. Littérature 16, no. 16 (1974): 37–49. In French. Relies heavily on Frye’s view of comedy.

Anderson, Haithe. “Left of Everything?” Educational Studies (American Educational Studies Association) 33, no. 4 (Winter 2002): 436–54. On the importance of romantic plot structures, as defined by Frye, in the critical pedagogy of bell hooks, Henry Giroux, and Donaldo Macedo.

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Anderson, Mark. Review of But He Talked of the Temple of Man’s Body: Blake’s Revelation Un-Locked, by Eliza Borkowska. Romanticism 21, no. 2 (2015): 190–1. Andersson, Greger. “Narrating Selves and the Literary in the Bible.” Partial Answers: Journal of Literature and the History of Ideas 17, no. 1 (January 2019): 87–105. “This article discusses how features in a narrative generate an understanding of its purpose and how this understanding affects our attitude when reading and interpreting a text. It focusses on biblical texts that aspire to be historical but still contain elements that are generally thought to belong to the realm of fiction, as well as on texts with an assumed argumentative purpose and traits that create a sense of literary art.” Andrade, Fabio Rigatto de S. “As despalavras de Beckett” [Beckett’s Clumsiness]. Folha de S.Paulo (mais!) 19 (1999): 5–7. In Portuguese. –  “Um antropólogo literário: Northrop Frye” [A Literary Anthropologist: Northrop Frye]. Jornal de Resenhas (São Paulo) 64 (2000): 3. In Portuguese. On Frye’s views of myth and literature. André, Catherine M. “Oppositional Christian Symbolism and Salvation in Blake’s America: A Prophecy.” Canadian Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies. Lumen 37 (2018): 199–213. “Northrop Frye’s argument that Orc is an ambiguous creature that continually undergoes a seven-stage cycle of development is well known and, at times, contested by scholars such as [David] Erdman and Christopher Hobson.” Andreacchio, Marco. “Questioning Northrop Frye’s Adaptation of Vico.” Interpretation: A Journal of Political Philosophy 37, no. 3 (Spring 2010): 281–305. Also at http://www.interpretationjournal.com/ backissues/Vol_37-3.pdf. Argues that Frye consciously adapted the literary visions of Vico but he knows that his adaptation does not generally concur with the overall theoretical views of the philosopher. Andrews, Jennifer. “Humouring the Border at the End of the Millennium: Constructing an English Canadian Humour Tradition for the Twentieth Century and Beyond.” Essays on Canadian Writing 71 (Fall 2000): 140–9. “Northrop Frye’s famous question ‘Where is here?’ remains a significant touchstone for Canadian literary critics at the end of the millennium, especially with the recent legal efforts of Native and Inuit tribes to redefine what constitutes Canada in geographical, political, cultural, and economic terms. But rather than looking northward to Nunavut, or across the country to the sites of various reserves, this paper turns southward to the forty-ninth parallel and considers an often

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neglected dimension of Canadian literature: English Canadian humour.” –  “The Missionary Position: The American Roots of Northrop Frye’s Peaceable Kingdom.” Journal of Canadian Studies 52, no. 2 (Spring 2018): 361–80. “[E]xplores how Frye’s idea of the peaceable kingdom is shaped by American religions and their missionary traditions— specifically Quakers and Methodists— and the historical flow of these religions across the Canada-US border, in combination with the influx of Loyalists northward and the subsequent commitment to missions that was part of British, American, and Canadian society. The American roots of Frye’s peaceable kingdom serve as a tangible reminder that borders are porous, and that those origins need to be acknowledged as a critical part of Canada’s self-construction.” Andrighetti, Rick. “Facing the Land: Landscape Design in Canada.” Canadian Architect 39, no. 8 (1 August 1994): 13–19. Calls on Frye’s theory of the garrison mentality. Ángel-Lara, Marco. “Aphorisms with an Opening (and Closure) Effect”/ “Aforismos con un efecto de apertura (y un efecto de clausura.” Pensamiento y Cultura 18, no. 1 (June 2015): 76–106. Comments on Frye’s view of canonical status. Angermüller, Johannes. “Derrida, Phenomenology, and Structuralism: Why American Critics Turned Deconstructionists.” In Pioneering North America: Mediators of European Literature and Culture, ed. Klaus Martens. Würzburg: Königshausen and Neumann, 2000. 163–70. Considers Frye’s critical theory in the context of the revolution in the United States generated by Derrida’s 1967 essay, “Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences.” Anghel, Camelia. “Versatile Genres: Travel Writing as Comedy.’” University of Bucharest Review: Literary and Cultural Studies Series 1 (2010): 19–29. “Northrop Frye emphasizes, we remember, the integrative dimension of comedy, its orientation towards social inclusion: ‘the blocking characters are more often reconciled or converted than simply repudiated . . . One can also notice, with Frye, that in comedies the emergence of a new (redeemed) society is often marked by a festive event in keeping with the happy-ending tradition of the genre.” Angus, Ian. “Locality and Universalization: Where Is Canadian Studies?” Journal of Canadian Studies 35, no. 3 (Fall 2000): 15–32. Argues that Frye’s well-known generalization that Canadian literature is a continuous meditation on “Where is here?” no longer holds. The question now is rather “How to describe ‘Where is here?’”

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The Reception of Northrop Frye

Ankersmit, F.R. “The Linguistic Turn, Literary Theory and Historical Theory.” Historia 45, no. 2 (November 2000): 271–310. Also appears as chapter 1 of Ankersmit’s Historical Representation. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001. 29–74. Notes that Frye is among the theorists to whom Hayden White most often turns in his Metahistory and other writings. Ann Arundel County Public Schools, Curriculum Writing Committee. Literary Archetypes: Advanced Placement English Curriculum Guide. Annapolis, MD, 1985. 203 pp. The course described in this guide, based on Frye’s work, is organized around his four narrative forms: romance, comedy, tragedy, and satire. Ann, Koh Tai. “Self, Family and the State: Social Mythology in the Singapore Novel in English.” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 20, no. 2 (September 1989): 273–87. On whether or not Frye’s views on the evaluation of Canadian literature can be applied to the Singapore novel. Anonymous. “Anatomy of Criticism.” http://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Anatomy_of_Criticism. Wikipedia’s fairly extended overview of Frye’s Anatomy. –  “Archetype.” The New Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics. Ed. Alex Preminger, Earl Miner, and Frank Warnke. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993. 95–7. Includes a brief section on Frye’s understanding of archetypes. –  “Archetypal Criticism.” Baidu Encyclopedia. http:// baike.baidu.com/view/290260.htm?func =retitle. In Chinese. On Frye’s central role in the development of archetypal criticism. –  “Archetype.” Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th edition, 2019. “Northrop Frye and Maud Bodkin use the term archetype interchangeably with the term motif, emphasizing that the role of these elements in great works of literature is to unite readers with otherwise dispersed cultures and eras.” –  “Bibliographie sélective et critique de Northrop Frye.” Littérature 92 (1993): 108–16. In French. –  “Canadian Culture in the 1960’s.” TLS (28 August 1969): 941–3 [942]. Sees Frye as the “most eloquent” and “brilliant” representative of Canada, “almost universally admired,” a “virtuoso performer . . . unlikely to have any successors, not only because of his erudition, but because he has elegantly side-stepped the central critical debate of our time on the relation between literature and society.”

–  “Dianoia.” Columbia Dictionary of Modern Literary & Cultural Criticism. Ed. Joseph Childers and Gary Hentzi. New York: Columbia University Press, 1995. 81–2. On Frye’s use of the Greek term. –  “Educating the Imagination: Creating Texts.” The English Journal 79, no. 7 (November 1990): 15. “‘Educating the Imagination’ is the theme of the 80th annual NCTE convention. . . . In a series of radio broadcasts, published in 1964 as The Educated Imagination, . . . Northrop Frye explored the nature and uses of the imagination, which he defined as ‘the power of constructing possible models of human experience.’ We celebrate the convention theme and this milestone in the history of NCTE by scattering quotations from Frye’s book throughout this issue of English Journal— quotations which, for one reason or another, seem particularly appropriate to 1990, the era of glasnost and Greenpeace, of Dick Tracy and Jesse Helms.” –  “Frye, Northrop.” Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th edition, 2019. –  “Getting Lost.” Commonweal 139, no. 2 (27 January 2012): 6. Review of Harold Bloom’s Anxiety of Influence. “The title of Bloom’s book exhibits the influence process. Northrop Frye wrote the Anatomy of Criticism, and Bloom’s work has long been in conversation—indeed, in a struggle—with Frye’s.” –  “Glossary of the Gothic: Romance Paradigm.” E-Publications@Marquette. https://epublications. marquette.edu/gothic_romance/. “The Gothic narrative very often is a mirror and subversion of the romance paradigm. The romance framework, given definition by Northrop Frye, involves a (relatively) young hero undergoing a transformative experience in overcoming the obstacles that stand in his way of attaining the heroine of his dreams, the jeune fille (Fr. ‘young girl’). The main obstacle usually takes the form of a senex iratus (Lat. ‘angry old man’), often her father, who thwarts the fruition of his desires of a marital union with her. The hero is then sent into exile but he subsequently returns home to wed the jeune fille. The Gothic, however, while borrowing from the romance, is its perverse doppelganger.” –  “(Herman) Northrop Frye.” Contemporary Authors. Online at Gale Literary Databases. –  “Il grand codice: Conversazione con Northrop Frye.” Trans. Roberto Plevano. Portofranco 2 (May 1988): 29–30. In Italian. An interview with Frye about the Bible.

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

–  “‘I am 75 years old, and my wife is dead’: A Love Story from the Notebooks of Northrop Frye [excerpt from Northrop Frye’s Late Notebooks, 1985–1990]. Saturday Night 115, no. 5 (27 May 2000): 36. –  “Maclean’s Honor Roll: Words to Free the Spirit.” Maclean’s 103, no. 53 (31 December 1990): 12–13. –  “The Myths We Live By.” Manas 30, no. 4 (26 January 1977): 2–3. On Frye’s view of myth in The Stubborn Structure. –  “Northrop Frye.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northrop Frye. Wikipedia’s account of Frye’s life and career. –  “Northrop Frye.” Oxford Reference. Online. There are 265 entries for “Northrop Frye” in the various companions, dictionaries, encyclopedias, and guides produced by the Oxford University Press. –  “Northrop Frye.” http://library.vicu.utoronto.ca/ collections/special_collections/f11_northrop_frye. An introduction to and description of the materials in the Frye special collections of the Victoria University Library. –  “Northrop Frye.” Penny’s Poetry Pages. http://pennyspoetry .wikia.com/wiki/Northrop_Frye. Contains sections on Frye’s life, his contributions to literary criticism, the recognition he has received, and his publications. –  “Northrop Frye.” Historica Canada Education Portal. http://education.historicacanada.ca/en/tools/208. A lesson plan based on viewing the Northrop Frye biography from The Canadians series. –  “Northrop Frye and Myth Criticism.” Poetry Magic website created by Litlangs Publishing. http://www. poetrymagic.co.uk/aboutus.html. –  “Northrop Frye Challenges Validity of Sacred versus Secular Scripture.” Harvard Gazette (11 April 1975): 3. Reports on the first of Frye’s Charles Eliot Norton lectures, delivered 7 April 1975, and entitled “The Word and the World of Man.” –  “Northrop Frye 1912–1991: Charting the Eternal World.” Toronto Star (1 November 1992): 70. In 1966, an American professor noted that Frye had “an absolute hold on a generation of developing critics, greater and more exclusive than that of any one theorist in recent critical history. By the time of Frye’s death at 78, that intellectual hold had been loosened somewhat, but his thought shows every sign of continuing to be a permanent contribution to our understanding of literature.”

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–  “Northrop Frye, Simulation, and the Creation of a ‘Human World.’” Essay on website Transparency Now, sponsored by Bedford/St. Martin’s Books. –  “Northrop Frye Statue Unveiled for Literary Fans.” CBC News (21 February 2012). https://www.google.com/ search?tbm=bks&hl=en&q=%22+Edinburgh+ Encyclopaedia+of+Modern+Criticism+and+Theory%22 #hl=en&q=%22 Northrop+ Frye+ statue+unveiled+for+ literary+fans%22. –  “Northrop Frye’s Greatest Gift: His Books.” Globe and Mail (16 July 2010). “Northrop Frye was not much attached to the term ‘comparative literature,’ and it would be a mistake to gather, from a controversy at the University of Toronto about the transformation into a larger entity of that university’s Centre for Comparative Literature, which he founded, that his legacy is embodied in any academic institution. Rather, Professor Frye left us his books, especially three of them.” The opening paragraph of an editorial on Fearful Symmetry, The Great Code, and Anatomy of Criticism. –  “Northrop Frye’s Modes of Hero (Protagonist).” School of Media Arts, University of Montana. http://www.umontanamediaarts.com/MART101L/ fryes-modes-of-hero. –  “Notes for Norrie; Writers and Academics from Across North America Discuss the Influence of Northrop Frye.” Telegraph-Journal [Saint John, NB], 21 April 2012, E8. Reflections on the influence of Frye by Germaine Warkentin, John Ayre, Glen Gill, Naim Kattan, Ross Leckie, Peter Sanger, Tom Smart, and B.W. Powe. –  On New Comedy. https://courses.cit.cornell.edu/ engl2080/FryeComedy.pdf. Drawn from Frye’s essay “The Argument of Comedy.” –  “Our Man in Washington.” Arts Bulletin (April 1977): 14. Summarizes Frye’s address at the Symposium on Canadian Culture, Washington, DC, 2 February 1977. –  “Pages Nino Ricci Turns to When He Needs Inspi­ ration.” Maclean’s 118, no. 38 (19 September 2005): 63. Ricci names ten books, the first of which is The Educated Imagination. –  “A Peace . . . and a Justice.” Moreana 26, no. 100 (January 1990): 269, 271–339, 341–59, 361–73. Argues that William Bullein’s Dialogue against the Fever Pestilence is an anatomy in Frye’s sense. –  Review of Harold Bloom, The American Canon: Literary Genius from Emerson to Le Guin. Kirkus Reviews 87, no. 15 (1 August 2019). “Besides defending his own evaluations, Bloom sets his views alongside those of

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many major critics, including Lionel Trilling, Edmund Wilson, Nina Baym, Irving Howe, and Northrop Frye.” –  Review of Reflections in the Library: Selected Literary Essays, 1926–1944, by Antal Szerb. Modern Language Studies 55, no. 1 (January 2019): 119–20. “Notes Blake’s links with Expressionism; and provides acute readings of Blake’s mythology and psychology paralleled only in Northrop Frye’s and Kathleen Raine’s later studies.” –  “Secular Scripture: Romance Offers Polarized Reality, Says Northrop Frye.” Harvard Gazette (18 April 1975): 4. Reports on the second and third of Frye’s Charles Eliot Norton lectures, entitled “The Context of Romance” and “Our Lady of Pain: Heroes and Heroines of Romance.” –  “Sons of New Critic.” TLS (25 November 1965): 1078. A brief judgment about Frye’s contribution to American literary criticism in the 1950s and 1960s. Characterizes Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism as a tolerant “new eclecticism,” exciting and suggestive, and observes that it has nourished a number of recent essays in practical criticism. –  “Structuralism and Semiotics: Structuralism in Literary Theory.” Frye’s approach to structuralism is to explore the ways in which genres of Western literature fall into his four mythoi. Purdue On-line Writing Lab. https:// owl.purdue.edu/owl/subject_specific_writing/writing_ in_literature/literary_theory_and_schools_of_criticism/ structuralism_and_semiotics.html. –  “The Thinker: Northrop Frye.” Maclean’s 113, no. 36 (4 September 2000): 42. Brief article on Frye in connection with his having been selected by a panel of experts as the second most important person in Canadian history. (The first was Jean Vanier.) Anoshe, M. “Cassirer’s Assumptions on Myth and Culture and Their Effects on Frye’s Views.” Pazhuhesh-e Zabanha-ye Khareji 34 (Winter 2007): 5–14. In Bulgarian. “The purpose of the present research is to explore the relationship of Cassirer’s views on myth to those of Northrop Frye. Like other philosophers, he tried to express his views on myth and culture with the assistance of his popular precedents. Among popular myth theorists such as Frazer, Freud, Jung, and Spengler, it seems that Cassirer’s view has affected Frye’s thought deeply. The construction of Cassirer’s thought on symbolic form and also his laws on myth helped Frye to draw on these thoughts in his most important work, Anatomy of Criticism, which is evaluated in this study. Though Frye is concerned with myth theorists, he tries to resurrect the fundamentals of inherited theories.” Ansari, A.A. “Northrop Frye on Shakespeare.” Aligarh Critical Miscellany 5, no. 1 (1992): 12–27. Rpt. in

Ansari’s Shakespearean and Other Essays. New Delhi: Sarap and Sons, 2009. Chapters 13 and 14 are devoted to Frye on Shakespeare. Antal, Bókay. Bevezetés az irodalomtudományba [Introduction to Literature]. Budapest: Osiris Kiadó, 2006. In Hungarian. In the poststructural section of this survey of literary theory, says that the “archetype theory of the only North American structuralist school, Northrop Frye, in Canada, was not comprehensive enough to provide a theoretical answer to all areas of literature, creating a new discourse.” Section 3 of part IX, on postmodern hermeneutics, gives an account of Frye’s theory of modes. Antal, Éva. “A kritika vámpirizmusa” [Critical Vampirism]. Holmi 6 (2002): 733–52. In Hungarian. Notes Frye’s view of irony, which is compared to that of Paul de Man, Cleanth Brooks, and other critics. Antczack, Janice. Science Fiction: The Mythos of a New Romance. New York: Neil Schuman, 1985. Uses Frye’s conceptual framework to analyse nearly one hundred science fiction titles. Antolin, Pascale. “The Carnivalesque in Illness: Hollis Seamon’s Somebody Up There Hates You.” Literature and Medicine 36, no. 1 (Spring 2018): 85–100. “‘It is all very well to eat, drink and be merry, but one cannot always put off dying until tomorrow,’ Northrop Frye writes in Anatomy of Criticism. Many a literary critic has recognized the power of carnivalization—it is a means of resistance, it can put fear at a distance, and it can question the perception of dying and death.” Antonello, Pierpaolo. “The Novel, Deviated Transcendency, and Modernity.” Religion & Literature 43, no. 3 (Autumn 2011): 165–170. “[René] Girard may be enlisted into a generation of critics who were convinced of the possibility of thematizing literature within a longue durée, inspired by a Vichian understanding of the human imagination. I am thinking in particular of two of the greatest twentieth-century literary critics: Eric Auerbach (particularly in Mimesis) and Northorp Frye (with reference to both Anatomy of Criticism and The Great Code). In a less systematic way, we may say that Girard, in Deceit, Desire, and the Novel, sketched a similar trajectory: the idea of inscribing the novel within a ‘progressive’ history of Western imagination, in which what is in question is the deceptive dimension of ‘spontaneous’ desire, and the unstable boundaries of subjectivity.” Apesos, Anthony. “The Poet in the Poem: Blake’s Milton.” Studies in Philology 112, no. 2 (Spring 2015): 379–413. “Succinctly characterized, the Bard’s song is the

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

recounting of a labor dispute—although it is much more than that. Insofar as it is such, it is an allegorization of the relation between Blake and his patron William Hayley, the man who brought Blake to Felpham. Of the consideration of Blake’s time at Felpham with Hayley, one may agree with Northrop Frye’s assertion that ‘[i]t is not necessary to know much of this in order to understand the poem.’ But to understand how Blake came to write Milton and how that writing served Blake in his life, it is essential. . . . it is not possible, as Frye suggests, to dismiss Blake’s experiences at Felpham as mere ‘suggestions for the material.’” Aphel, Donata. “Northrop Frye: Fate studiare la Bibbia.” Il Tempo (26 May 1987). Interview. In Italian. –  “‘La Tempesta’ di Shakespeare commentate da Northrop Frye.” Il Giornale di Vicenza (18 May 1979). In Italian. On Frye’s commentaries on The Tempest. Apolloni, Ag. “Shpata e satires” [Satire’s Sword]. Symbol 8 (2016): 119–21. In Albanian. Notes Frye’s definition of satire as militant irony. In Frye’s view satire is always accompanied by a sense of moral judgment. Apostol, Ricardo. “Urbanus es, Corydon: Ecocritiquing Town and Country in Eclogue 2. Vergilius 61 (2015): 3–28. “Readers of Vergil’s Eclogue 2 have often trusted the opposition Corydon draws between himself (as simple rustic) and his landscape (pastoral idyll) on the one hand, and the more sophisticated world of Alexis and Iollas on the other. This paper argues that the poem does much to collapse such simple distinctions, and that if Corydon’s story seems plausible despite its contradictions it is in part because of how we have been taught to read pastoral. The first section will cast doubt on Corydon’s characterization of himself as a rusticus, and suggest a different interpretation of the character based in part on Northrop Frye’s criticism.” Applebee, Arthur N. Tradition and Reform in the Teaching of English: A History. Urbana: NCTE, 1974. 202–3. On the ways that Project English tried to answer the problem of sequence in the school curriculum by combining Frye’s literary theory with Jerome Bruner’s model of learning. Appleyard, J.A. Becoming a Reader: The Experience of Fiction from Childhood to Adulthood. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Calls on Frye’s theory of modes throughout. –  “What Do the Oscars Tell Us?” America 178 (21 March 1998): 16–19. Maintains that the five Oscar nominees for 1998 (Titanic, L.A. Confidential, As Good as It Gets, Deconstructing Harry, and Good Will Hunting) are all

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versions of Frye’s archetypal narrative of romance. Their basic structure is happiness, happiness endangered or lost, happiness regained. “The late Northrop Frye, the Canadian critic who pioneered the study of literary archetypes, would have no trouble explaining things for us. He would say these [two movies, Titanic and Deconstructing Harry] are variations of the ‘recognition’ scene that typically ends romances and comedies, when the truth is disclosed, events are sorted out, the hero and heroine are united, and all the characters acknowledge the changed state of affairs.” Apter, Emily. “Terrestrial Humanism: Edward W. Said and the Politics of World Literature.” A Companion to Comparative Literature. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, 2011. 439–53. “Said forged his positions confrontationally in response to two titans, Northrop Frye and Harold Bloom, both of whom, far more than Leo Spitzer or Erich Auerbach, set the terms of literary criticism and theory for his generation. I would even conjecture that Said’s recourse to Spitzer and Auerbach was at least in part an effort to effect an end-run around Frye and Bloom. . . . Northrop Frye was a less controversial figure for Said [than Bloom], but he too was identified with a tradition of theological hermeneutics that impinged on Said’s vision of secular criticism. In Said’s estimation Frye’s 1957 Anatomy of Criticism offered a ‘Blakean-Jungian synthesis of the humanistic system organized into a mini-life-world with its own seasons, cycles, rituals, heroes, social classes, and utopian pastoral as well as urban settings,’ which, though impressive as ‘the last synthesis of a worldview in the American humanities,’ led inexorably to a Blakean idea of the ‘human divine, a Judeo-Christian Eurocentric norm.’ Where Fredric Jameson cast an approving eye on Frye’s construct of ‘the social,’ deriving from Frye’s myth criticism a ‘willingness to raise the issue of community and to draw basic, essentially social, interpretive consequences from the nature of religion as collective representation,’ and crediting Frye’s figuralism with leading to a demystificatory reading conducive to exposing the mythological substrate of ideology, Said remained circumspect.” Arac, Jonathan. “Anglo-Globalism.” New Left Review 16 (July–August 2002): 35–45. Compares the efforts of Franco Moretti and Frye to make literary criticism genuinely comparative. –  The Overstory: Taking the Measure of a Major New American Novel.” Critical Quarterly 61, no. 4 (2019): 137–44. Review of a novel by Richard Powers. –  “Reckoning with New Literary History.” New Literary History 40, no. 4, Tribute to Ralph Cohen (Autumn

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2009): 703–11. “New Literary History importantly renewed my sense of disciplinary self-respect as a participant in the project of literary studies. It did much to confirm my confidence that this is an inquiry that you can use your whole mind to pursue. Paul de Man might have said that my projected way out became no exit, but I have not experienced my life in literary studies as an impasse. For disciplinary self-respect and confidence, it helps when you see that the best minds of adjacent fields find what you do transformative. Hayden White’s ‘Interpretation in History’ is a stupendous piece of work, in which a historian used literary theory—notably Northrop Frye and Kenneth Burke—to reconceive the whole field of historiography.” –  “The Social Vision of Frye’s Criticism: The Scandal of Undiscriminating Catholicity.” University of Toronto Quarterly 81, no. 1 (Winter 2012): 163–73. An eloquent defence of Frye’s historical, ethical, and archetypal criticism, relating Frye’s vision to that of Coleridge, Auerbach, Benjamin, and others. –  “What Kind of History Does a Theory of the Novel Require?” Novel: A Forum on Fiction 42, no. 2 (Summer 2009): 190–5. Notes how Schlegel “anticipates the ‘rhetorical’ basis of Frye’s theory of genre, in which prose ‘fiction’ is the genre of the written word and the novel only one of its four major varieties.” Aranguren, Jose Luis L. “Los Generos Literarios” [The Literary Genres]. Triunfo (10 November 1973). Places Frye’s theory of genres in the discussion of genre that preceded it, and gives a summary of Frye’s theory of modes, symbols, and mythoi. Araújo, Nabil. “Do passado como futuro da crítica: ‘Competência performativa’ e ‘formas de escrita’ nos Estudos Literários.” [Of Past as the Future of Criticism: “Performative Competence” and “Forms of Writing” in Literary Studies]. Aletria [Belo Horizonte] 29, no. 3 (2019): 97–116. “From Northrop Frye’s classical metacritical reflections in the ‘Polemical Introduction’ to Anatomy of Criticism (1957), in which Frye defends a concept of ‘criticism as science’ against the understanding of ‘criticism as literature,’ we turned to the Ottmar Ette’s ÜberLebenswissen: Die Aufgabe der Philologie (2004). In his recent metacritical reflections, the author proposes a ‘specialized history of writing forms’ in Literary Studies, one that generates ‘a critical perspectivation of its tradition.’” Arbasino, Alberto. Certi romanzi [Certain novels]. Milan: Feltrinelli, 1964. In Italian. Expands on Frye’s views of the Menippean satire.

Archambeau, Robert. “Excess, Pastiche, and Queerness in the Comics: Reading “The Black Dossier.” Samizdat Blog (24 August 2014). Notes that The Black Dossier does not “congeal into something Worthy and Highminded like the archetypes of Jung or Northrop Frye.” Ardila, J.A. Garrido. “Diégesis y digresiones episódicas en el Quijot” [Diegesis and Episodic Digressions in the Quixote]. Bulletin of Hispanic Studies; 92 no. 8 (2015): 879–96. In Spanish. “The evolution of romance in the First Part of Cervantes La Galatea to the realism of the Second Part is what Northrop Frye explained, in the history of the European novel, as the progressive displacement of idealistic elements until fiction is purged almost completely of them. In the interpolated novels of Don Quixote, we can see how, in general, the scenarios of romance and, later, the implausible plots are displaced. In short, in Don Quixote we find, through episodic digressions, a worthy illustration of Frye’s theory.” Arhip, Cristian, and Odette Arhip. “Dissemination of the Archetypal Field of Don Quixote in Camil Petrescu’s Work.” International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 10 (2014): 78–83. “The concept of myth includes the simplest definition of Jung’s archetype. Taking the appearance of fantasies, dreams and obsessions, the archetypal representations acquire an aura of concreteness in the writers’ imaginary register. In a comparative approach, the form as means of expressing the archetype remains the same. The content is difficult to represent and it has a diffuse, misty aspect. Perhaps this detail determined Northrop Frye to try to redefine archetype in terms of a symbol based on convention and repetition. Acting as associative groups, the archetype becomes a symbol that communicates only in witting communities from diverse cultural areas knowing and explaining its significance.” Armas, Frederick A. de. “Villamediana’s ‘La gloria de Niquea’: An Alchemical Masque.” Journal of Hispanic Philology 8, no. 3 (Spring 1984): 209. Places Villamediana’s La gloria de Niquea in the context of the masquerade tradition, using Frye’s theory of comedy. Armas Wilson, Diana de. “Cervantes’ Last Romance: Deflating the Myth of Female Sacrifice.” Bulletin of the Cervantes Society of America 3, no. 2 (1983): 103–20. The Persiles presents a strong and still unrecognized challenge to the persistent literary conventionality of women as a passive victim, a convention which, according to Northrop Frye, has for centuries provided the episode of prose romance.

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Arnold, Dawn, and Nigel Beale. “Dawn Arnold on Northrop Frye and the Frye Festival.” The Biblio File (10 May 2009). http://www.thebibliofile.ca/ webpage/2009/05/10. Dawn Arnold and Nigel Beale talk here about the history of the Frye Festival, Frye’s thoughts on imagination and new worlds, the benefits to children of learning more than one language, how writing affects understanding, Moncton strip clubs, Acadie, French language children’s authors, Richard Ford, classroom visits, and inspired students. Arnott, Christopher. “Change of Seasons: Theater, Dance, Literature, Comedy and Music Change Their Tunes as the Days Turn Cooler.” Hartford Courant (Online) (19 August 2019). “Northrop Frye divined decades ago that ‘the mythos of summer’ is romance, while ‘the mythos of autumn’ is tragedy. Arnott, Luke. “Arkham Epic: Batman Videogames as Totalizing Texts.” In Contemporary Research on Intertextuality in Video Games, ed. Christophe Duret and Christian-Marie Pons. Hershey, PA: IPI Global, 2016. 1–21. Finds Frye’s classification of heroes according to their power of action to be a useful taxonomy. –  “Epic and Genre: Beyond the Boundaries of Literature.” Comparative Literature 68, no. 4 (2016): 351–69. “Noting the resurgence of popular and academic interest in epics across disparate media, this essay proposes a theory of the epic genre that transcends particular media and cultures. It seeks to reconcile discussions of the epic in Aristotle, G.W.F. Hegel, Georg Lukács, Mikhail Bakhtin, Erich Auerbach, and Northrop Frye, arguing that traditional definitions of epic narrative are instead subsets of a greater generic structure.” (author’s abstract) –  “Epic Theory in Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism.” http://worldliteratures.suite101.com/article.cfm/ epic_theory_in_fryes_anatomy_of_criticism.

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European: Selected Papers of the 13th International Conference of the Faculty of Letters (2016): 99–106. In Romanian. Notes Frye’s typological reading of the Bible. Artz, John M. “Addressing the Central Problem in Cyber Ethics through Stories.” Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology. 2nd ed. Information Science Reference (2005): 58–61. “Whereas the consequentialist evaluates actions based upon their consequences, the possible consequentialist evaluates actions based upon their possible outcomes. The possible outcomes are described in stories and the likelihood of the outcome is determined by the believability of the story given our understanding of current conditions and human nature. As the literary critic Northrop Frye points out, ‘The fundamental job of the imagination in ordinary life, then, is to produce, out of the society we have to live in, a vision of the society we want to live in.’” As, H.H.J. van. “Zonder kennis van de Schrift is goed verstaan van de Westeuropese literatuur (historie) niet mogelijk” [Without a Knowledge of Scripture, a Good Understanding of Western European Literature (History) Is Not Possible]. Reformatorisch Dagblad (27 May 1987): 23. In Dutch. On The Great Code. Åsberg, Christer. “Bibeln som litteratur” [The Bible as Literature]. Nordisk judaistik 8 no. 1 (1987): 1–17. In Swedish. On the approach to the Bible as literature by Frye and others. Ascencio, Michaëlle. “Le Bilinguisme dans le roman haïtien” [Bilingualism in the Haitian novel]. Cahiers d’Etudes Africaines 37, no. 4 (148) (1997): 943–52. In French. Uses Frye’s theories on the relationship of language and religion to analyse the encounter of Creole and French texts of contemporary Haitian novelists.

Árpád, Kovács. “Metáfora és identitás: Northrop Frye idöszerüsége” [Metaphor and Identity: Timeliness of Northrop Frye]. In Sára Tóth, Tibor Fabiny, János Kenyeres and Péter Pásztor, ed. Northrop Frye 100: A Danubian Perspective. Budapest: KGRE–L’Harmattan, 2014. 37–50. In Hungarian. Looks at Frye’s concept of trope in the context of rhetoric and the significance of metaphor in the relationship between storytelling and mimesis.

Aschkenasy, Nehama. “The Biblical Intertext in Peter Shaffer’s Amadeus (Or, Saul and David in EighteenthCentury Vienna).” Comparative Drama 44, no. 1 (2010): 45–62. “Frequently, the biblical prototype behind a modern tale or protagonist is suggested by a phrase or striking image which evokes a biblical scene or verse. Often it is the predominance of fundamental ethical or spiritual concerns that summons up the scriptural universe of ideas and creates a discursive energy between the new and the old: thus Northrop Frye has defined Kafka’s writings as a ‘series of commentaries on the Book of Job.’”

Arsene, Cristina-Onu. “Making Oneself Receptive via Hermeneutics, Exegesis, Typology and Midrash: Interpreting the Bible and American Literature (A Case Study on the Major Works of Herman Melville).” In Limba şi Literatura Repere Identitare în Context

Astell, Ann W. “Girard and Levinas as Readers of King Lear.” In Of Levinas and Shakespeare: “To See Another Thus,” ed. Moshe Gold et al. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press, 2018. Notes that Frye’s The Secular Scripture and The Great Code had already been

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published by the time that Nicholas Boyle’s Sacred and Secular Scripture had been published. Astrauskienė, Jurgita, and Indrė Šležaitė. “Appropriation of Symbol as Disclosure of the World of the Play in Tennessee Williams’s The Glass Menagerie.” Respectus Philologicus 23 (2013): 67–82. “Such studies as Eliade’s had an immediate relevance to literary criticism, and provided Northrop Frye with a solid basis for claiming that without proper apprehension of symbols, it is impossible to deal adequately with contemporary literature. The critic argues that ‘the poet does not equate a word with a meaning; he establishes the functions or powers of words,’ since ‘the understanding of their meaning begins in a complete surrender of the mind and senses to the impact of the work as a whole, and proceeds through the effort to unite the symbols toward a simultaneous perception of the unity of the structure.’” Åström, Berit. “The Symbolic Annihilation of Mothers in Popular Culture: Single Father and the Death of the Mother.” Feminist Media Studies 15, no. 4 (May 2015): 1–15. “This article takes as its starting point the paradoxical representation of mothers in popular culture. On the one hand the mother is constructed as central to the physical and emotional development of the child; on the other, she is routinely rejected or elided, questioned, and vilified. One expression of this ambivalent attitude is the re-circulation of the trope of the dead mother. The trope, which ostensibly is employed to create sympathy for a character, or simply to drive the plot, often also privileges fathers, suggesting that children are better off without mothers. After a brief genre overview of the use of the trope of the dead mother on film and television, the article analyses how the BBC serial Single Father, with its repeated depictions of the mother’s violent death, develops the trope, by not only privileging the father and vilifying the dead mother, but also reducing her death to a plot point, a backdrop for romance.” Atkins, G. Douglas. Geoffrey Hartman: Criticism as Answerable Style. New York: Routledge, 1990. 50–2, 116. On Hartman’s differences from Frye. See also pp. 9, 18, 84, 95. Atwood, Margaret. “Fifties Vic.” CEA Critic 42, no. 1 (November 1979): 19–22. A witty account of Atwood’s life as a student of Frye’s at Victoria College. –  “Norrie Banquet Ode.” In Lee and Denham, Legacy, 171–3. A humorous poem written on the occasion of the 1992 conference on Frye’s legacy.

–  “Northrop Frye Observed.” Second Words: Selected Critical Prose. Toronto: Anansi, 1982. 398–406. A memoir by Margaret Atwood, one of Frye’s former students. Recounts the experience of being in his classes at Victoria College and reflects on the “delicate question” of his influence on her writing and her life. –  “Northrop Frye Remembered.” Michigan Quarterly Review 30, no. 4 (Fall 1991): 647–9. A eulogy. –  and Rick Mount. “Elephants Are Not Giraffes: A Conversation with Margaret Atwood More or Less about Northrop Frye.” University of Toronto Quarterly 81, no. 1 (Winter 2012): 60–70 [interview]. Mount tries to tease out of Margaret Atwood her connections with Frye, but she denies a direct influence. What she does see in Frye is a great synthesizer who was able to discover literary patterns and who, when he lectured, spoke not in the ordinary associative babble of most teachers but in prose paragraphs. Augusto, Sara. “À procura de um tempo perdido: De Camilo Pessanha a Carlos Morais José.” Interdisciplinary Journal of Portuguese Diaspora Studies 8 (2019): 9–23. In Portuguese. “Starting from Aristotle’s Poetics, Frye explains how, in addition to the internal fiction of the plot, there is an external fiction, which is the relationship developed between the writer and the society in which he is integrated, corresponding to ‘dianóia,’ that is, the idea or the poetic thought that the reader obtains from the writer, and to which Frye matches the concept of ‘theme.’ Thus, in addition to the reader of a novel being able to ask: ‘What will this story be about?’ Asking himself about the plot, he can also ask: ‘What is the meaning of this story?’ From this question comes the possibility of reading a narrative thematically and imagining an allegory scale, with formal allegories at the top.” Auken, Sune. “Den magiske cirkel—Northrop Fryes myteteori” [The Magic Circle: Northrop Frye’s Theory of Myths]. Den Blå Port 33 (1995): 54–64. –  “Not Another Adult Movie: Some Platitudes on Genericity and the Use of Literary Studies.” In Why Study Literature, ed. Jan Albert et al. Aarhus, DK: Aarhus Universitry Press, 2011. 113–34. “The basic claim of this short and tentative article is that the concept of genre—difficult, slippery and manifold as it is—shows us that to study literature for its own sake actually by and of itself leads to knowledge readily relevant in a number of other contexts. . . . [‘laws’ of a genre are clearly not fixed and immovable, and multigenericity, genre bastardizations, genre breaks and genre mixtures are prolific. This is clearly demonstrated

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

in the works of, for instance, Fowler, and it is recurrently evident in any extensive studies of generic structures; it is evident in Croce’s refutal [sic] of genre as a concept, in a number of details in Frye’s work with genre as rhetorical structures.” Aune, David E. The Blackwell Companion to the New Testament. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. 101–15. In his chapter entitled “Literary Criticism” Aune glances at Frye’s thesis about the literary nature of the biblical myths and metaphors and he refers to Frye’s statement that the Bible “is as literary as it can be without actually being literature.” Aurell, Jaume. “Northrop Frye y la revolución historiográfica finisecular” [Northrop Frye and the Fin-de-Siècle Historiographic Revolution]. Revista de Filología Hispánica 25, no. 1 (2009): 122–37. In Spanish. “Explores the reception of Frye in historiography, largely through the appropriation of Frye by Hayden White, whose Metahistory has had an enormous influence on historical criticism. One of the principles of postmodern historiography is the assimilation of the historiographic text to the literary one in respect to form. Thus, the discipline of history has moved into the vicinity of literary criticism in the last several decades.” –  “Rethinking Historical Genres in the Twenty-first Century.” Rethinking History 19, no. 2 (April 2015): 145–57. Another account of the metahistorical theory of Hayden White by way of Frye’s view of emplotments. Austen, Veronica J. “‘If I Can Make it There . . . : Jann Arden’s American Dream.” In Canadian Music and American Culture: Get Away from Me, ed. Tristanne Connolly and Tomoyuki Iino. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan/Springer, 2017. “Explores the implications of a Canadian mythos of success which assumes that to succeed is to be recognized and valued by the US. From Northrop Frye’s 1965 contemplation of Canada’s inability to create a ‘literary great’ to the more contemporary pursuit of Jann Arden to break into the American music industry, what it means for a Canadian artist to achieve greatness and success has remained a fraught question.” (author’s abstract) Austin, Lewis. “Visual Symbols, Political Ideology, and Culture.” Ethos 5, no. 3 (Autumn 1977): 306–25. Notes Frye’s observation that some symbols are tactile: science is cold, hard, and dry; religion is warm, soft, and wet; green and gold are the colours of youth, novelty, and change. Austin, Linda M. “Psychometric Wunderkammern: WordAssociation Testing and the Aesthetics of Creative Genius.” New Literary History 51, no. 1 (Winter 2020):

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22–42. One section devoted to what Frye means in The Well-Tempered Critic by “associative meaning.” Avădanei, Dragoș. “Family Crises, Half-Truths, Ironies, and Private Devils.” Acta Iassyensia Comparationis 19 (2017): 49–55. “Ray Pearson [in Sherwood Anderson’s ‘The Untold Lie’] finds no way out of his crisis, which is existential, in fact; family or no family, one still leads a meaningless, false life; the only meaning is in nature, in its beauty, and its tragic ‘fall’ (Northrop Frye’s ‘season of tragedy’). . . . Mrs. Whipple’s life [in Flannery O’Connor’s ‘Revelation’] was a torment not only because they were growing poorer and poorer as the harsh winter was approaching (again Frye—the season of irony and satire).” Avirov, Madeleine. “A Primitive Mind.” Poetry 197, no. 4 (2011): 304–7. “Remember Gary Snyder: ‘Lifting a brush, a burin, a pen, or a stylus is like releasing a bite or lifting a claw.’ It is that elemental. In line with poetry, which, says the literary critic Northrop Frye, recreates ‘something very primitive and archaic in society . . . primitive in the sense of expressing a fundamental and persisting link with reality.’ And, he continues, ‘every mind is a primitive mind, whatever the varieties of social conditioning.’” Awuzie, Solomon. “Didacticism and the Third Generation of African Writers: Chukwuma Ibezute’s The Temporal Gods and Goddess in the Cathedral.” Tydskrif vir Letterkunde 52, no. 2 (2015): 159–75. Ibezute’s novel The Temporal Gods “leaves the reader with the impression that Akudi should have accepted her husband’s decision. But if Akudi had accepted her husband’s decision, there would not have been this story. There came to be this story because Akudi refused her husband’s decision and fought against it. This goes a long way to prove Northrop Frye’s assertion, especially when he says, creative material, ‘like the poet, is born and not made’— hence, so we can say of the novel and the circumstance that surround Akudi as a character.” Ayre, John. “The Alphabet of Forms: The Development of Northrop Frye’s Archetypal Criticism.” Paper presented at Brock University, 14 February 1986. Unpublished typescript. 10 pp. Gives an account of the influences on Frye’s intellectual development: Greek myths, the Bible, serial movies, juvenile novels, Blake, Spengler, Frazer, Jung, Renaissance mythological handbooks, Austin Farrer, and so on. –  “Frye and Pattern.” English Studies in Canada 37, no. 2 (June 2011): 9–15. On the patterns that underlie Frye’s critical thinking. “Frye was likely the most patternoriented critic ever to work in English literature.”

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–  “Frye’s Geometry of Thought: Building the Great Wheel.” University of Toronto Quarterly 70, no. 4 (Fall 2001): 825–38. On the spatial diagrams that lie behind Frye’s thinking. –  “Into the Labyrinth: Northrop Frye’s Personal Mythology.” In Verticals of Frye/Les Verticales des Frye, ed. Ed Lemond. Moncton, NB: Elbow Press, 2005. 38–47. –  “The Mythological Universe of Northrop Frye.” Saturday Night 88 (May 1973): 19–24. On Frye’s educational background and career as a teacher and administrator. –  “Northrop Frye.” Canadian Encyclopedia. Edmonton: Hurtig, 1998. Biographical and critical overview. –  “Northrop Frye and the Chart of Symbolism.” In Rampton, Northrop Frye, 167–82. On the importance of the schematic diagram in grasping the full import of Frye’s thinking. –  “Northrop Frye and the Structures of Symbolism.” Paper presented at Educating the Imagination: A Conference in Honour of Northrop Frye on the Centenary of His Birth. University of Toronto, 4–6 October 2013. Azevedo, Carlos. “Flannery O’Connor’s Wise Blood: An Anatomy of the American Gothic.” In Dracula and the Gothic in Literature, Pop Culture and the Arts, ed. Isabel Ermida. Leiden, Netherlands, and Boston: Brill– Rodopi, 2016. 119–34. “Taking as its starting point the genre of anatomy (or ‘Menippean satire’) as defined by Northrop Frye, this article seeks to re-examine Flannery O’Connor’s fiction, especially in relation to her first novel. To read Wise Blood (1952) as a Gothic anatomy affords a middle course between the historically characteristic paradigms of much O’Connor criticism to date: the theological and secular strains.” (author’s abstract) B Babãk, Milan. “‘X’ Ten Years on: The Fictions of George F. Kennan’s Recent Factual Representations.” Review of International Studies 42, no. 1 (January 2016): 74–94. “Since any given set of factual statements can be emplotted and figured in a number of radically different ways yielding radically different meanings—following Giambattista Vico and Northrop Frye, [Hayden] White identifies four master tropes of metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, and irony corresponding to four plot archetypes of romance, tragedy, comedy, and satire—the narrativist thesis has a distinctive relativising thrust.”

Babe, Robert. “The Communication Thought of Northrop Frye.” In Canadian Communication Thought: Ten Foundational Writers. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000. 230–65. Focuses on two major areas of Frye’s thought: his theories of perception and cognition and his views on the interaction of the scientific and mythopoeic. –  “Foundations of Canadian Communication Thought.” Canadian Journal of Communication 25, no. 1 (2000). Reviews the communication writings of five Englishlanguage theorists—H.A. Innis, George Grant, Frye, C.B. Macpherson, and Marshall McLuhan. Proposes that Canadian communication thought is dialectical, critical, holistic, ontological, and oriented to political economy, and that it emphasizes mediation and dynamic change. Babenko-Zhyrnova, Marina Vitaliivna. “Sacral Motifs in Ukrainian Contemporary Philosophical Lyrics.” Religious and Sacred Poetry: An International Quarterly of Religion, Culture and Education 2 (2014): 45–64. “To reveal the meaning of the symbol means articulation into a whole, or even integration into a ‘system.’ A similar opinion was expressed by the Canadian critic Northrop Frye; in particular he saw the Bible as metalanguage, as the great code of art.” Babiak, Peter. Garage Criticism: Cultural Missives in an Age of Distraction. Vancouver: Anvil Press, 2016. One chapter treats Frye’s views of metaphor. Babich, Babette. “The Philosopher and the Volcano: On the Antique Sources of Nietzsche’s Übermensch.” Philosophy Today 55 (2011): 206–24. Lucían uses “the very same ‘Menippean’ satiric fashion Nietzsche invokes at the conclusion of his Ecce Homo, ‘What I owe the Ancients.’ Satirically, ironically, Lucían would seem to span Nietzsche’s career. But Northrop Frye had already laid the ground rules or gone to the grounds, or, still better to the underground, for English readers, explaining in a section of his Anatomy of Criticism entitled ‘Theory of Myths.’” Babilas, Dorota. Wiktoria znaczy zwycięstwo. Kulturowe oblicza brytyjskiej królowej [Victoria Victorious: Cultural Representations of the Queen]. Warsaw: University of Warsaw Publication, 2012. In Polish. Devotes a section to Hayden White’s theory of emplotments and its derivation from Frye’s four mythoi. Bach, Bernard. “Avant-Propos.” Germanica 51 (January 2014): 7–8. “The Bible can rightly be seen as the framework of the imagination in which Western literature has operated and still functions to a large extent today. It is, according to Northrop Frye, the ‘Great Code of Art.’ Literary history shows amply that this vast reservoir of images, myths, heroes, and

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

values has ​​ continually fertilized Western literature.” (author’s abstract) Bach, Henrik. “Tolv små noveller om store temaer” [Twelve Short Stories on Large Themes] STANDart 3 (August–October 1996). In Danish. Bachinger, Jacob. “An Extraordinary Voyage into the Garrison Mentality: James DeMille’s A Strange Manuscript Found in a Copper Cylinder.” the quint: An Interdisciplinary Quarterly from the North, 3, no. 1 (2010): 70–89. Draws on Frye’s concept of the garrison mentality. Bácskai-Atkári, Júlia. “Frye Reading Byron.” In Northrop Frye 100: A Danubian Perspective, ed. Sára Tóth, Tibor Fabiny, János Kenyeres, and Péter Pásztor. Budapest: KGRE–L’Harmattan, 2014. 289–95. Shows that Frye’s analysis of Byron’s Don Juan can be extended to the genre of the verse novel as such: it captures the chief differences from the mock epic and its parody of other genres—which typically recall Frye’s “mythos of summer”—and its self-mocking tone are present on a higher level too: the verse novel is a form which is by definition a literary response. As such, it is also selfresponsive: verse novels after Byron tend not only to be self-reflexive as texts but they emphatically reflect on the genre itself, either by distancing themselves from (certain aspects of) previous verse novels, as did many Hungarian examples in the second half of the nineteenth century, or even by parodying previous ones, as does Térey’s Paulus with Pushkin’s Eugene Onegin. Baechler, Mark. “Abrahamic Mythological Universe.” Architecture, Culture, and Spirituality Symposium (2016): 1–6. http://www.acsforum.org/symposium2016/ papers/baechler.pdf. “The Abrahamic Architecture drawing series is part of a project investigating the field of Jewish, Christian and Islamic architecture in search of interconnections. . . . When viewed through the mythological lens of Northrop Frye and Mappae mundi drawings a mythological universe is revealed.” Baehr, Stephen L. “From History to National Myth: Translatio Imperii in Eighteenth-Century Russia.” The Russian Review 37, no. 1 (January 1978): 1–13. “The frequent accumulation of virtually synonymous imagery in Russian poetry of the mid-eighteenth-century points to the fact that much panegyric literature of this time had become ‘apocalyptic’ in Northrop Frye’s sense of ‘a world of total metaphor in which everything is potentially identical with everything else, as though it were inside a single, infinite body.’” Baena, Rosalia. “Not Home but Here”: Rewriting Englishness in Colonial Childhood Memoirs.” English Studies 90, no. 4 (2009): 435–59. In a note about the

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various uses and definitions of the word “myth,” says “One of the best known [theorists] is Northrop Frye, who has defined myths, in his archetypal criticism, as the structural principles of literature which make possible verbal communication of narrative and meaning.” Bahramifar, M., and A. Dadvar. “Archetypal Analysis of Zahak Story of Shahname on the Basis of Frye’s Definition of Apocalyptic, Demonic and Analogical Categories of Poetic Imagery.” Revista QUID (Special Issue) (13 June 2017): 905–11. Bahti, Timothy. “Vico and Frye: A Note.” New Vico Studies 3 (1985): 119–29. Examines Frye’s use of Vico, especially in The Great Code. Maintains that Frye’s “real interest for those . . . pursuing his Vichian avowal and affinities resides in his handling of the structure within which Vico situates his three ‘ages’ and their respective kinds of language: the structure of the cycle or ricorso.” Like Vico, Frye uses the cycle “as his most comprehensive intellectual structure,” and he joins with Vico in moving toward “a critical understanding of history and language as a nonhistorical understanding of time.” Băiceanu, Elena (pârlog). “Under the Sign of Realism: A Possible Dialogue between Two Writers: George Bălăiţă and James Joyce.” Journal of Romanian Literary Studies 6 (2015): 1294–301. In Romanian. Calls attention to the phases of language Frye postulates in The Great Code. Bailey, Suzanne. “Robert Browning.” Victorian Poetry 57, no. 3 (2109): 380. Notes studies for the year that show Browning’s impact on critics, such as Frye. Baily, Alan. “The Politics of King Lear and the ‘Avoidance of Love.’” APSA 2012 Annual Meeting Paper. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2111000. Notes Frye’s view that Hamlet is a play of greatest interest to the nineteenth-century and King Lear to the twentieth. Baisnée, Valérie. “‘I’m Niu Voices’: Selina Tusitala Marsh’s Poetic Re-Imagining of Pacific Literature.” Commonwealth: Essays and Studies 41, no. 1 (Autumn 2018): 107–17. “Since the Greek classics, lyric poetry has played on and reinforced the power of naming. In his essay ‘Approaching the Lyric’ Northrop Frye claims that when we read lyric, ‘we are psychologically close to magic, an invoking of names of specific and trusted power. . . . Verbal magic of this kind has a curious power of summoning, like the proverbial Sirens’ song.’ Selina Marsh’s poetry often taps into this power of invoking names.” Baker, Brian. “Frederik Pohl: A Working Man’s Science Fiction.” Foundation 43, no. 117 (Spring 2014): 18–30. Examines the degree to which James Blish’s sci-fi novels are examples of what Frye calls Menippean satires.

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Baker, P.G. “‘Night into Day’: Patterns of Symbolism in Mozart’s The Magic Flute.” University of Toronto Quarterly 49, no. 2 (Winter 1979): 95–116. An examination of the Schikaneder libretto in terms of Frye’s principles. The hero’s quest for regeneration, his initiation, and his eventual transcendence of the four elements of the sublunary world take place within a unified framework of mythically functioning landscapes and characters, with an emphasis on music-making in its literary and figurative senses. Bako, Alina. “Muzicalitate narativă în romanul românesc” [Narrative Musicality in the Romanian Novel]. Incursiuni în imaginar 7 (2016): 11–30. In Romanian. Quotes with approval Frye’s claim that the forms of literature cannot be studied outside of literature, just as the forms of music (fugue, sonata, etc.) cannot be studied outside of music. Bakoš, Juraj. “Northrop Frye Flies to Mars: Theory of Modes across Martian Fiction, Hradec Králové.” Journal of Anglophone Studies 3, no. 1 (2016): 20–5. “Northrop Frye does not state it explicitly, but the implied historical relevance of the succession of the fictional modes in his famous theory is apparent. A particular mode, in this sense, is a record of an attempt to describe a world to the best of the contemporary knowledge. I will try to explain the relation between the knowledge of the world and the particular fictional mode on a special sample to prove the universal validity of the theory principles. And because the very foundation of any reliable science is the reproducibility of the findings, this analysis is an attempt to apply Frye’s theory to Mars—a world completely different to the known Earth, and at the same time a fictional world with a set of universally recognized laws of nature. The scope of the works analyzed will range from Percy Greg’s Across the Zodiac from 1880 to Andy Weir’s Martian, published in 2014.” Bakos, Áron, and Anna Aliz Pokorni. Report on the religious concepts conference held in Budapest in 2011 and sponsored by the Károli Gáspár Reformed University. Report also on other Hungarian conferences devoted to topics of religious interest, such as the Conference of Reflections on the Immediate Experience of God in the European Tradition (2013). https://www. ceeol.com/search/viewpdf?id=801279. Balaban, Delia Cristina. “Myths, Archetypes and Stereotypes in Contemporary Romanian Advertising.” Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies 9, no. 26 (Summer 2010): 244–8. Review of Madalina Moraru’s Mit si publicitate [Myth and Advertising]. “The first chapter uncovers a wide range of aspects: from the classic myths (the heroic myth, the return to the origins

of myths, the erotic myth) to their features in the field of advertising (the narrative character, exemplarity, the etiological function, the temporal dimension, the collective character) to the concept of archetypes and its relationship to the myth, the classification of archetypes. Madalina Moraru starts from the distinction suggested by Roger Caillois between heroic myths and situational myths. Other authors referred to are Mircea Eliade, Carl Jung, Michael Palmer, Northrop Frye, Claude LéviStrauss and Gilbert Durant.” Balaga, Venkataramana. “Saul Bellow’s Quest Hero— Henderson the Rain King.” Researchers World 5, no. 1 (January 2014): 109–13. Balassa, Péter. “Leonóra papírjai (esszétöredék)” [Leonora’s Papers (Fragment of an Essay)]. Jelenkor 12 (2003): 1137–49. In Hungarian. Frye speaks in many places about the comic story of men in the Bible: Job and Jonah. Baldick, Chris. “The High-Tide of New Criticism.” Criticism and Literary Theory 1890 to the Present. New York: Routledge, 2014. Considers the revolution in criticism that was attendant on both Fearful Symmetry and Anatomy of Criticism. Baldwin, Barry. “On Earth as in Heaven.” Presbyterian Record 131, no. 1 (January 2007): 23. Tom Harpur’s The Pagan Christ and similar books “concentrate on discrediting the Gospels as biographical sources. In fact, the Gospels can be left out of the argument. What counts are the ancient non-Christian sources, enough to refute Northrop Frye (The Great Code: The Bible and Literature): ‘There is practically no real evidence for the life of Jesus outside the New Testament.’” Balfour, Ian. “Frye, Northrop, 1912–1991.” Encyclopedia of Aesthetics. 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2014. –  “Northrop Frye beyond Belief.” In Educating the Imagination: Northrop Frye Past, Present, and Future, ed. Alan Bewell, Neil Ten Kortenaar, and Germaine Warkentin. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2015. 36–47. On the conflicted matter of belief in Frye’s work: its relation to his views on the Bible, where belief and disbelief are willingly suspended; its being defined primarily by action; its separation from the creations of the imagination; its Christian form as faute de mieux. Frye generally distances himself from doctrinal pronouncements, and so his tendency in matters of religion is to go beyond belief. –  “Paradox and Provocation in the Writing and Teaching of Northrop Frye.” University of Toronto Quarterly

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

81, no. 1 (Winter 2012): 50–9. “Focuses on the place of paradox in Northrop Frye’s writing and teaching, principally by way of several key examples. Paradox tends to counter, at least superficially, popular opinion and common sense, though in the interest of common enlightenment. The figure of paradox is linked by Frye to metaphor as a kind of logical contradiction that can nonetheless be a vehicle of truth, foremost in literature and religion. Such paradoxes are both a topic for Frye’s elucidations of literary and scriptural texts but also a mode enlisted in the very performance of Frye’s critical writing and teaching.” (author’s abstract) –  “Reviewing Canada.” In Aithal, The Importance of Northrop Frye, 73–91. An examination of Frye’s writings on Canadian culture. –  “Shelley and the Bible.” In Oxford Handbook of Percy Bysshe Shelley, ed. Michael O’Neill, Anthony Howe, and with the Assistance of Madeleine Callaghan. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2012. “Northrop Frye, a critic as attuned to biblical resonances and paradigms as can be, finds little need to educe biblical connections in his substantial chapter on Shelley in his A Study of English Romanticism specifically devoted to imagery and mythical patterns in the poetry. Indeed, Frye can say: ‘For Shelley, the canon of imaginative revelation was Greek rather than Hebrew.’” –  “Take the Theory and Run: On Culler’s Theory of the Lyric and Its Reader.” Diacritics 45, no. 4 (2017): 116–29. “It seems to me that the hardest and most imperative thing to do in thinking about literature and the arts generally is to do justice to form, history, and theory at the same time. . . . Among this trinity, ‘theory’ has hardly ever been explicitly on the agenda, much less foremost on it. Northrop Frye—also mobilized in Culler’s book to good effect—could complain, a bit hyperbolically, in his Anatomy of Criticism that the theory of literature had not really progressed an awful lot between Aristotle and the 1950s. Culler restores theory to the forefront, on the far side of decades in which something called ‘theory’ had flourished and then declined, though ‘theory’ here was a looser, baggier monster than in Frye’s day.” Balinisteanu, Tudor. “Spellbinding Stories. Gender Theory and Georges Sorel’s Concept of Social Myth.” Critique 42, no. 1 (January 2014): 107–26. Frye’s view of myth in the context of “Georges Sorel’s concept of social myth for contemporary feminist theory that focuses on performativity.” Ballingall, Alex. “Tale of the Traipse.” Toronto Star (3 July 2017). “Northrop Frye, the famed thinker from the last

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century at the University of Toronto, called Canada ‘our huge, unthinking, menacing and formidable physical setting.’ The wild that surrounds us provokes a sense of ‘deep terror,’ he argued. Those of us who’ve walked alone in the woods at night or been lost in the backcountry, far away when it’s cold, will know what he’s talking about. Frye thought the terror of our natural setting actually gave us the distinct Canadian quality of looking out for each other. The land itself, in other words, accounts for the communitarian quality that . . . makes us different from Americans. Frye called it our ‘garrison mentality.’ This country is scary and inhospitable, so we need to stick together to get by.” Bandici, Adina. “Manuscris găsit într-o sticlă şi cuirasatul ‘tod’: O perspectivă comparativă asupra simbolului acvatic” [“MS. Found in a Bottle and Battleship ‘Tod”: A Comparative Perspective of the Symbol of Water]. Studii de ştiinţă şi cultură 13, no. 1 (March 2017): 153– 62. In Romanian. Makes use of Frye’s theory of modes (myth, romance, high and low mimetic, irony), which are differentiated by the hero’s power of action. Also remarks on Frye’s schema for apocalyptic and demonic imagery. –  “Multiple Selves and Otherness: Gothic Identity in Margaret Atwood’s The Robber Bride.” Confluenţe: Texts and Contexts Reloaded 1 (2009): 26–40. “Rama Gupta asserts that Atwood’s characters “are motivated by intrapsychic and interpersonal conflicts. Her protagonists are obsessed with some kind of fear, which leads them either to hide their identity or to assume double identity so as to escape reality. All of them are self-alienated. Canadian literary critic and theorist Northrop Frye also alludes to ‘the famous Canadian problem of identity’ that may seem a rationalized, self-pitying, or made-up problem to those who have never had to meet it, or have never understood that it was there to be met. . . . the question of identity is primarily a cultural and imaginative question.” –  “Realitatea propriei existenţe: Casanova ca artist al autoprezentării în trei poeţi ai propriei vieţi de Stefan Zweig” [The Reality of One’s Own Existence: Casanova as an Artist of Self-Presentation in Stefan Zweig’s Adepts in Self-Portraiture]. Studii de Ştiinţă şi Cultură 14, no. 1 (2018): 95–104. In German. “According to Northrop Frye, most autobiographies are of a creative and therefore fictional impulse,” and this very important form of prose literature can be seen as professional writing. Banita, Georgiana. “North American Literature and Global Studies: Transnationalism at War.” In The Palgrave Handbook of Comparative North American

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Literature, ed. Reingard M. Nischik. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. “In a Canadian context, Herb Wyile tries by his own admission to ‘steer between the Scylla of a homogenizing, parochial localism and the Charybdis of a potentially imperializing hemispheric scope.’ Many years earlier, even Northrop Frye in The Bush Garden maintained that ‘in our world the sense of a specific environment as something that provides a circumference for an imagination has to contend with a global civilization of jet planes, international hotels, and disappearing landmarks.’ Frye diagnoses the emergence of a country that is ‘post-Canadian,’ as it is post-American, post-British, and post everything except the world itself, which seems not to contravene the binary thinking that mobilizes transnational American Studies.’” –  “Translated or Traduced? Canadian Literary and Political Theory in a German Context: Northrop Frye, Michael Ignatieff, and Charles Taylor.” In Translating Canada: Charting the Institutions and Influences of Cultural Transfer: Canadian Writing in Germany, ed. Luise von Flotow and Reingard M. Nischik. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 2007. 187–217. Focus is on literary and political theory of Frye and others and their confrontation with German traditions in the same domains. Considers Frye’s work to be retrograde and irrelevant. Banjanin, Milica. “Aleksandr Blok: Poised between a Visionary Utopia and Petrified Reality.” Slavic Almanac: The South African Journal for Slavic, Central and Eastern European Studies 20, no. 1 (2014): 1–18. Calls upon Frye’s “Varieties of Literary Utopias” in this reading of Aleksandr Blok’s poem The Twelve, which is seen as a pursuit of an ideal, visionary, imaginative literary meta-utopia of Russian society. Blok’s visionary utopia is undercut by his awareness of the encroaching reality that shattered his maximalist utopian ideal. Bánki, Éva. “A költészet születése: Sámuel I. könyve” [The Birth of Poetry: The Book of Samuel I]. In Northrop Frye 100: A Danubian Perspective, ed. Sára Tóth, Tibor Fabiny, János Kenyeres, and Péter Pásztor. Budapest: KGRE–L’Harmattan, 2014. 181–5. Glances at Frye’s treatment of the Song of Hannah. Banting, Sarah. “If What We Do Matters: Motives of Research in Canadian Literature Scholarship.” English Studies in Canada 42, nos. 3–4 (September–December 2016): 27–64. “A historical survey of our [Canadian] professional critical genres must include, as Michael Greene indicates, the journalistic essays of nineteenthcentury critics. It must include anthologies of Canadian literature, with or without critical introductions . . . as

well as book reviews, particularly the scholarly genres of review practised mid-twentieth century by Northrop Frye or by contemporary contributors to Canadian Literature. It must also include creative-critical and theoretically informed essays published in essay collections or small literary magazines. . . . A survey of our professional genres must also include works of meta-criticism and literary theory, such as Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism.” Barač, Dubravko. “Gorjupjupove Hrvatasko/Kanadske Knejiæevne Veze” [Branko Gorjup’s Croatian/Canadian Cultural Association]. Hrvatski Iseljenički Zbornik 2005 [Croatian Emigrant Almanac 2005]. Zagreb, 2004. 213–19. In Slovenian. On the role of Branko Gorjup in establishing a Croatian/Canadian cultural exchange, including the translation of Frye’s work into Croatian. Includes a 1990 photo of Gorjup and Northrop and Elizabeth Frye in Zagreb. Barad, Dilip. “Northrop Frye: The Archetypes of Literature.” Welcome: Dilip Barad’s Blog (29 December 2014). http://dilipbarad.blogspot.com/2014/12/ northrop-frye-archetypes-of-literature.html. On Frye as an archetypal critic. Barclay, Glen St. John, and Caroline Turner. “A Unique Institution in the World of the Humanities (1981– 1991).” In Humanities Research Centre: A History of the First 30 Years of the HRC at The Australian National University. Canberra: ANU Press, 2004. 87–130. Comments on the seminar held with the collaboration of the Canadian government and the University of Sydney in honour of Frye, “hailed in his Festschrift as the father figure to the present generation of literary theorists and esteemed widely himself as the most systematic and brilliant of literary theorists and as the proponent of symbolist literary criticism in English.” Barclay, Michael. “We Came to Support Gord.” Maclean’s 129, nos. 35–6 (5 September 2016): 60. In a story about the Tragically Hip band, notes that two of the songs refer to Frye. Barilli, Renato. “Le tesi di Frye di McLuhan a confronto. In Canada Platone dialoga con Pound” [A Comparison of the Theses of McLuhan and Frye: In Canada Plato Dialogues with Pound]. Il Corriere della Sera (26 May 1989): 3. In Italian. Observes that the Canadian environment is reflected in the theoretical works of Frye and McLuhan: their thought is open to every contemporary cultural situation and offers profound insights to people of all cultures. Barkley, Christine. “Donaldson as Heir to Tolkien.” Mythlore 38 (Spring 1984): 50–7. Uses Frye’s theory

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of modes to chart the differences between Tolkien’s Bilbo and Frodo (high mimetic and low mimetic heroes respectively) and Stephen R. Donaldson’s Covenant (an ironic hero though moving toward a mythical one). Barr, David L. “The Apocalypse as a Symbolic Transformation of the World: A Literary Analysis.” Interpretation 38, no. 1 (1984) 39–50. Taking his cue from the work of Frye, argues that the Book of Revelation, like all literature, creates its own symbolic world. Barrera, Julio Trebolle. “Teatralidad en la Biblia y la Biblia en el teatro. Eslabones perdidos” [Theatricality in the Bible and the Bible in the Theater. Missing Link]. ‘Ilu, Revista de Ciencias de las Religiones 18 (2013): 219–38. In Spanish. As against such commentators as Wittgenstein, Steiner, and von Balthasar, Frye maintains that the basic structure of the Book of Job is a comedy. Barrett, Aminah. “Northrop Frye: Structuralism and Semiotics.” Prezi.com. (1 February 2016). https://prezi.com/nujxylk0oour/ northrop-frye-structuralism-and-semiotics/. Barrett, Paul. “‘Our words spoken among us, in fragments’: Austin Clarke’s Aesthetics of Crossing.” Journal of West Indian Literature 23, no. 1 (April 2015): 89–106. Finds it curious that Clarke has received so little attention from the critical establishment. His work has been around for a long time, preceding the question in Frye’s famous conclusion to the Literary History of Canada, “Where is here?” –  “Paraphrasing the Paraphrase: OR What I Learned from Reading Every Issue of Canadian Literature/Littérature canadienne and Studies in Canadian Literature Études en littérature canadienne.” Canadian Literature 228–9 (Spring–Summer 2016): 208–25. “The second topic’s attention to ‘place,’ ‘home,’ ‘land,’ ‘landscape,’ ‘space,’ ‘Toronto,’ and ‘myth’ suggests that these articles engage Northrop Frye’s infamous question of the relationship between Canadian identity and space. Based on the dominance of this topic (as represented by its probability), we could posit that either Frye’s intuition—that Canadian writers are concerned with the experience of alienation from the surrounding space—is correct or that he continues to frame debates in the field. A temporally organized topic model, one which compares the dominant topics by year or decade, might offer a historical periodization by revealing whether Frye’s influence has waned in the decades subsequent to his writing.” Barry, Jackson G. “Form or Formula: Comic Structure in Northrop Frye and Susanne Langer.” Educational Theatre Journal 16 (1964): 333–40. Rpt. in Jackson G.

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Barry, Dramatic Structure: The Shaping of Experience. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1970. 190–202. Argues that Frye’s theory of comic form leads one outside of particular dramatic works and thus fails to describe or evaluate them accurately. Says that Frye’s archetypal criticism looks through a work of art to a myth beyond it that contains the artistic meaning and form; the meaning is then read back into the work itself. Concludes that such a method “can both equalize and transcend the specific works it operates on.” Bashford, Bruce. “Literary History in Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism.” Connecticut Review 8 (October 1974): 48–55. Seeks to answer the question, What kind of literary history is presented in the First Essay of Anatomy of Criticism? Argues that Frye is writing a “formal” rather than a conventionally descriptive literary history; that is, the principles of Frye’s theory of modes are the deductive consequence of the basic categories with which he begins. Frye is not a philosophical historian. Rather his theory of modes represents the scale of thematic and fictional possibilities. Concludes by comparing Frye’s kind of literary history with Aristotle’s. –  “Northrop Frye: Thoughts on Disputed Questions.” Unpublished typescript. 9 pp. Poses two questions about Frye’s work: “in what sense is criticism a ‘science’ for him? and what is the explanatory power of archetypal criticism?” Argues that the discovery of a coordinating principle is the fundamental step Frye takes in establishing a systematic criticism and that this principle for Frye is found in the archetypes of the anagogic phase of symbolism. Finds that by using archetypes to identify the controlling form of a literary work Frye relies on a conventional kind of explanation: he explains by identifying the type of thing the form is. –  “Oscar Wilde and Subjectivist Criticism.” English Literature in Transition 1890–1920 21 (1978): 218–34. Compares Wilde’s subjectivist theory of criticism with Frye’s view that literary works determine their own significance. Finds a resemblance, on the level of principle, between both critics’ understanding of a comprehensive human desire. Sees a difference, however, between Frye’s view of apocalyptic reality, where all human beings become one human being, and Wilde’s view, in which human beings maintain their separate identities. Comments also on the two critics’ different views of literary education and their different approaches to practical criticism. Bašić, Sonja. “Northrop Frye kao mitski i arhetipski kriticar” [Northrop Frye as a Mythical and Archetypal Critic]. Umjetnost rijeći: ćasopis za nauku o književnosti

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14 (1970): 35–84. In Croatian. Examines the development of Frye’s mythopoeic criticism in relation to the New Criticism, neo-Aristotelianism, and structuralism. Looks also at Frye’s precursors (Frazer, Jung, Jacobe, Bodkin, and Murray) in order to illustrate how the archetypal tradition found its synthesis in Anatomy of Criticism. In the absence of a translation (in 1970) of Anatomy of Criticism for the Croatian reader, gives a comprehensive overview and summary of the book. Notes that Frye rejects the New Critics’ approach by insisting that criticism concern itself with moral, social, and educational matters. Bassard, Katherine Clay. Transforming Scriptures: African American Women Writers and the Bible. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2010. An examination of African American women writers’ intellectual and theological engagements with the book Frye referred to as the “great code” of Western civilization. –  “‘And the greatest of these.’” In Toni Morrison: Memory and Meaning, ed. Adrienne Lanier Seward, Justine Tally, and Carolyn C. Denard. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2014. “While the subject of love takes a variety of forms in Morrison’s work from her first novel, The Bluest Eye, to her latest, Home, I propose here to look at her meditation(s) on love in light of her readings and (re)readings of the Christian Bible, the book Northrop Frye has described as ‘the Great Code’ of Western art and literature. In what sense is Morrison playing with the implications of the Johannine edict that ‘God is love’ (John 4:8) as an absolute equivalence, in both its New Testament form and its inverse (love is god)?” (author’s abstract)

politicians and journalists that are the target of its ridicule.” Bate, Jonathan. “Silly Willy.” London Review of Books 13, no. 8 (25 April 1991): 19–20. “Because it is immersed in the books that Blake knew and loved and thought that he was re-authoring, Northrop Frye’s Fearful Symmetry is a far better introduction than a book like [James] King’s [William Blake: His Life]. . . . Now that Frye is dead, Blake’s best living critic is Harold Bloom.” Bate, Walter Jackson. “Northrop Frye.” Criticism: The Major Texts. Enlarged ed. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1970. 597–601, 609, 615–17. An overview of Frye’s work from his early study of Blake to his later writings in cultural and social criticism. Sees Frye as “the most controversial and probably the most influential critic writing in English since the 1950’s.” Reprints, in addition to two of Frye’s essays, the introduction and conclusion to Anatomy of Criticism, and gives a brief summary of the argument of that book. Says that essentialism, or the desire to return to fundamentals, is Frye’s greatest strength. Bates, Catherine. “Recent Studies in the English Renaissance.” Studies in English Literature 1500–1900 59, no. 1 (Winter 2019): 203–41. “Colin Lahive invokes Northrop Frye on romance as a quintessentially ‘antirepresentational’ form.”

Bassler, O. Bradley. Kant, Shelley and the Visionary Critique of Metaphysics. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018. Is indebted to Frye throughout, while disagreeing with his thesis that literature is a “critique of pure reason.”

Bates, Catherine, Gillian Roberts, and Fiona Tolan. “Introduction” to papers presented to the Literature Group of the 2011 symposium of the British Association of Canadian Studies. British Journal of Canadian Studies 26, no. 2 (2013): 165–71. “The theme for the symposium revisits the question asked by the editors of Essays on Canadian Writing (ECW)’s 71st volume, published in 2000, a special issue intended to explore how Canadianist scholars ‘were thinking and feeling about the past, present, and future of Canadian literature, and, to a certain extent, to address a sense of ‘[m]illennial [a]ngst’ in relation to the discipline. Much of the Where is here Now? issue of ECW focused on the development of Canadian literary studies from Northrop Frye’s suggestion that ‘the Canadian sensibility’ is ‘less perplexed by the question ‘Who am I?’ than by some such riddle as ‘Where is here?’”

Basu, Laura. “British Satire in The Thick of It.” Popular Communication 12, no. 2 (April 2014): 89–103. “This article intervenes in ongoing debates around the democratic potential of new television satire through an analysis of the content and reception of The Thick of It (TTOI). TTOI is popular not only with a notoriously cynical British public, but even more so with the

Bates, Jennifer Ann. “Absolute Knowing.” Angelaki: Journal of Theoretical Humanities 21, no. 3 (September 2016): 65–82. “In [Hegel’s] Phenomenology, reason develops by thinking the absolute thing through culture, politics, morality, and religion, reaching completion in ‘Absolute Knowing.’ That absolute is reason’s comprehensive insight into its phenomenological

Bassett, Sharon. “The Uncanny Critic of Brasenose: Walter Pater and Modernism.” Victorian Newsletter 58 (Fall 1980): 10–14. Sees a similarity between Pater’s Greek Studies, with its “transhistorical psychology,” and Frye’s ethical criticism.

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absolutes, and (is) its own absolute sublating (aufheben). Northrop Frye’s cited claim about myth can be understood in this phenomenological way.” (author’s abstract) Bates, Ronald. “Northrop Frye, Teacher.” CEA Critic 42 (November 1979): 29–36. Recollections of Frye as a person, scholar, and teacher. Comments especially on the absence in Frye of narrow professionalism and on his genuine humanism. Batista, Eliane. “A Teoria Arquetípica de Northrop Frye: O mito e o Rito em Macbeth, de Shakespeare” [Northrop Frye’s Archetypal Theory: The Macbeth Myth and Ritual by Shakespeare]. XV CELLIP, 2002, Curitiba—PR. XV Seminário do CELLIP- Políticas de Linguagem para o Brasil, 2001. In Portuguese. –  “A Teoria Arquetípica de Northrop Frye: A visão trágica e a teoria dos mundos em Macbeth, de Shakespeare” [Northrop Frye’s Archetypal Theory: The Tragic Vision and Macbeth’s Theory of Worlds]. XIII Semana de Letras da UEM, 2001, Maringá. Outras Palavras. Maringá: UEM, 2001. 293–301. In Portuguese. Battistini, Robert. “Federalist Decline and Despair on the Pennsylvanian Frontier: Hugh Henry Brackenridge’s Modern Chivalry.” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 133, no. 2 (April 2009): 149–66. Notes toward the end that “Modern Chivalry ought to be read as a modern Menippean satire. The Menippean satire can be grouped with the picaresque and the encyclopedic compendium as literary modes that eschew narrative as an organizational imperative.” Baudemann, Kristina. “I Have Seen the Future and I Won’t Go: The Comic Vision of Craig Strete’s Science Fiction Stories.” Studies in American Indian Literatures 29, no. 4 (Winter 2017): 76–101. Calls on Frye’s view of irony. Baulch, David M. “Romantic Madness and the Playwright/ Psychoanalyst: Dr. Thomas Beddoes’s Hygëia (1802) and Thomas Lovell Beddoes’s The Brides’ Tragedy (1822).” European Romantic Review 25, no. 2 (March 2014): 139– 59. Cites Frye’s essay on Beddoes’s Death’s Jest-Book in his (the former’s) A Study of English Romanticism. Bawoł, Dariusz. “‘Święta poezja’ starożytnych Hebrajczyków. O literackiej lekturze Biblii” [“Sacred Poetry” of the Ancient Hebrews: On the Reading the Bible as Literature. Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich 3 (2016): 57–79. In Polish. On kerygma as the factor that distinguishes the biblical text—that makes the text more than literature. Baxter, Katherine Isobel. Joseph Conrad and the Swan Song of Romance. London: Routledge, 2018. “In both

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Anatomy of Criticism and The Secular Scripture, Northrop Frye sets out to identify and categorize the elements of romance that, once thus enumerated, can be traced backwards and forward through Indo-European literature at will.” Baykal, Gökçe Elif, and Ilgim Veryeri Alaca. “Representations of Intergenerational Relationships in Children’s Television in Turkey: Inquiries and Propositions.” In Connecting Childhood and Old Age in Popular Media, ed. Vanessa Joosen. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2018. “In contemporary Turkish children’s fiction, the elderly are often cast in secondary roles as grandparents who share similar visual characteristics and secondary traits. This practice contributes to a sense of uniformity among elderly identities. As a result, it appears that their typological status corresponds to Maria Nikolajeva’s view that contemporary characters ‘tend to become more like “real people,” appearing on low mimetic and ironic levels.’” Following Frye, she argues that unlike high mimetic, fairy-tale, or romantic heroes, low mimetic characters display traits that are neither superior nor inferior to other humans’ while negotiating ordinary situations in their search for identity. Bayley, Sally. “Pursuing the Form of a Ghost: Emily Dickinson Thinks about Death through Hamlet.” The Emily Dickinson Journal 23, no. 2 (2014): 46–68. “Dickinson’s poem [‘One need not be a chamber’], then, encourages rapid, fleeting associations, a blink of the eye, a visual mimicry of the cognitive process of metaphorical association: one image in quick pursuit of another. The poet’s textual shape-making may not have been fully conscious; we cannot know how far the intentions of her visual poetics reached, or how much of an eye she had on publication. That she may simply have been ‘doodling’ (to adopt Northrop Frye’s term) is impossible to know—although Dickinson’s textual shapes are [as Frye says] very graphic.” Beale, Nigel. “Readings to Put You Off Books: Too Many Academics Have Abandoned Clarity and Enthusiasm for Cliquey Obscurity.” The Guardian (20 December 2000). https://www.theguardian.com/books/ booksblog/2007/dec/20/readingstoputyouoffbooks. Frye’s prose is a model of clarity, “crystalline and vital from the very start.” Beard, William. “The Canadianness of David Cronenberg.” Mosaic 27, no. 2 (June 1994): 113–33. Finds affinity between Cronenberg’s films and the classic paradigm of Canadian culture by Frye, Atwood, and others.

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Beardsall, Sandra. “Northrop Frye as a Guide for Interpreting the Protestant Spiritual Heritage.” Touchstone 21, no. 3 (2003): 21–33. Examines the method developed by James F. Hopewell, based on Frye’s theory of myths, for characterizing four different kinds of Protestant congregations: charismatic negotiation (Frye’s romance), canonic negotiation (Frye’s tragedy), agnostic negotiation (Frye’s comedy), and empiric negotiation (Frye’s irony). The four categories become a template for describing the different approaches Protestants take to the spiritual life.

Bečanović-Nikolić, Zorica. “бaхтин и тумaчeњa шeкспирових историјских дрaмa: кaрнeвaл и хeтeроглосијa” [Bakhtin and Interpretations of Shakespeare’s Historical Dramas: Carnival and Heteroglossia]. Зборник Матице српске за књижевност и језик [Proceedings of the Matica Srpska for Literature and Language] 2 (2007): 265–88. In Croatian. Bakhtin’s emphasis on the carnivalesque in Shakespeare is theoretically much less conservative than the theory of Shakespearean comedy advanced by Frye and C.L. Barber.

Beasley-Murray, Tim. “Between the Rock of Social Scientism and the Hard Place of Liberal Humanism: Czech, Slovak, Minority Subjects and Discipline.” Britské Listy (13 December 2004). “One might agree with Sir Philip Sidney, writing in the 1570s that ‘no learning is so good as that which teacheth and moveth to virtue, and that none can both teach and move thereto so much as poetry.’ Or one might quote Northrop Frye: ‘the study of literature does not solve social problems. What it does is to base education on the sense of a participating community which is constantly in process and constantly engaged in criticizing its own assumptions and clarifying the vision of what it might and could be.’ In so doing, however, one must be aware that these are social and political arguments. In any case, Czech and Slovak Studies must learn to convince governments and itself that more than narrow political and economic interests are at stake and that the broadest range of national and human interests are best served by a more profound engagement with Czech and Slovak culture.”

Bechter, Clemens. “Advertising between Archetype and Brand Personality.” Administrative Sciences 6 no. 2 (2016): 1–11. “Using archetypes in advertising has affinities to mythology, literature and communications. An alternative approach to studying the archetypal aspects of brand image is the literary or cultural view of archetypes, such as the one advanced by Northrop Frye, whereby an archetype is seen as a symbol, usually an image, which reoccurs as a pattern to be recognizable as an element of one’s literary experience.”

Beáta, Thomka, et al. “Northrop Frye.” Az Irodalom Elméletei [Theories of Literature] III. Pécs: Jelenkor, 1996. In Hungarian. Frye takes his place alongside other twentieth-century theorists of literature. Beaugrande, Robert de. “Northrop Frye.” Critical Discourse: A Survey of Literary Theorists. Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1988. 45–75. Also at http://www.beaugrande. com/CRITBOOKFRYE.htm. Outlines the principles underlying Anatomy of Criticism and provides a detailed summary of some of the “major tactics” Frye uses throughout that book. Says that Frye’s method of counterpoint anticipates “the later urgency, expressed by Jameson and Culler, of transcending the static binary oppositions so rampant in structuralism, whose practitioners Frye seems to both resemble and overreach.” Argues that Frye’s “range, depth, and complexity make [his] presence on the theoretical scene hard to ignore, even many years later,” and notes that Frye is expressly cited by thirteen of the fourteen other critics whose works are examined in this survey.

Beck, Boris, and Danijel Berković. “Narativ i dramatika psalma 73: Orijentacija, dezorijentacija i reorijentacija” [Narative and Dramatics of Psalm 73: Orientation, Disorientation and Reorganization]. Anafora— časopis za znanost o književnosti 1 (2019): 107–23. In Croatian. Regarding the narrative shape of the biblical myth: “The whole Bible, viewed as divine comedy, is contained in the story in the form of the letter U, in which man . . . loses the tree and water of life at the beginning of Genesis and acquires them again at the end Revelations.” Beebee, Thomas O. “Geographies of Nation and Region in Modern European and American Fiction.” Comparative Literature and Culture Web 10, no. 3 (2008): article 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7771/1481-4374.1377. In discussing Simon Schama’s Landscape and Memory, remarks that “Schama is the Northrop Frye of landscape studies; his book amounts to an ‘Anatomy of Landscape.’ As with Frye, the trees are obscured somewhat by the forest of archetypes, but archetypal identification provides a consistent technology of diataxis [movement through].” Beecher, Donald. “Determining Displacements in the Farewell to Military Profession of Barnaby Riche.” Cahiers Elisabethains: Late Medieval and Renaissance Studies 44 (October 1993): 1–8. Uses Frye’s concept of displacement as a strategy for reading Riche’s stories. –  “Nostalgia and the Renaissance Romance.” Philosophy and Literature 34, no. 2 (October 2010): 281–301. Calls on Frye’s study of romance: “home is, in Northrop

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Frye’s term, a component of ‘deliverance,’ a means to the recovery of a lost self, a place of integration and reconciliation with much that life holds dear. There is value in anchoring the self emotionally in the past as the only context for establishing the continuity of the self in the present. Insofar as romance routinely performs this ritual, the term for describing the desires realized by these events must either be nostalgia broadened to include such positive connotations, or an entirely different term.” Frye’s Secular Scripture “relied upon archetypes to profile the bedrock features of the psyche.” –  “Romance and the Universality of Human Nature: Heliodorus, Aethiopica and Robert Greene, Menaphon.” In Adapted Brains and Imaginary Worlds: Cognitive Science and the Literature of the Renaissance. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2016. “Northrop Frye detected the archetypal traits profiled in romance, but he was powerless to provide more than a mythological rationale for their pervasive and iterative presence; the genres may be our last hope. For if the genre is to become a ‘scripture,’ as it was for Frye, its truth factor must pertain to the triumph of human wishes in actualizing courtship grounded in desire and loyalty, themselves the emotionalized belief conditions that sustain human reproduction.” Beedham, MA “Northrop Frye.” In Dictionary of Literary Biography, Volume 246: Twentieth-Century American Cultural Theorists, ed. Paul Hansom. A Bruccoli Clark Layman Book. Detroit: Gale Group, 2001. 140–54. A biographicalcritical introduction, focusing on Frye’s early writings (Anatomy of Criticism, The Educated Imagination), with a glance at his books on the Bible. Behiels, Michael D. “Introduction to Myth and Ideology: Contributions of Canadian Thinkers.” Journal of Canadian Studies 34, no. 4 (Winter 1999–2000): 9–14. In introducing the articles in this issue, Behiels explains that Frye, along with Nellie McClung, Frank Scott, George Parkin Grant, and Margaret Laurence, have contributed to Canada’s ability to survive and thrive as a nation and have helped Canadians develop their own particular way of looking at the world. Behrendt, Stephen C. “The Ineffable.” In The Oxford Handbook of British Romanticism, ed. David Duff. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2018. 566–76. Draws on Frye’s view of myth to help establish the importance of individual and social mythology for the British Romantics. Behrman, Mary. “The Waiting Game: Medieval Allusions and the Lethal Nature of Passivity in Ian McEwan’s Atonement.” Studies in the Novel 42, no. 4 (2010):

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453–70. Relies heavily on Frye’s theory of romance in this study of the intertextuality of McEwan’s novel. Bei, Zhang. “On Frye’s Theory of Literary Narrative and Meaning.” Journal of Jiangsu Institute of Education (Social Sciences) 1 (2006). In Chinese. Beker, Miroslav. “O Recepciji Aristotelove Poetike” [On the Reception of Aristotle’s Poetics] Umjetnost riječi 1–2 (2002): 1–19. In Bosnian. Frye believes that although we can reduce literature to a few basic themes and that literature is permeated by one basic myth, best manifested by the fate of the protagonist. Bell, Alana. “Musicians’ Lives and National Identity: The Year in Canada.” Biography 42, no. 1 (2019): 20–7. “These stories of Canadian musicians are about more than just music and the lives of those who create it. As Barclay said about the Hip, they are ‘the story of Canadian culture itself, from Northrop Frye to Drake, from Jacques Cartier to Justin Trudeau, and everything in between.’” Bell, Bernard. “Myth, Symbol and Reality in the Apocalypse.” http://www.google.com/search?q=cache:u4O3c AABXWUJ:www.pbcc.org/contactus/bell/ApocalypseMyth .pdf+%22northrop+Frye%22+dissertation&cd=67&hl= en&ct=clnk. “What is myth? What is real and unreal? Like Northrop Frye reading Spenser’s The Fairie Queene, when we attempt to analyze the Book of Revelation, we find ourselves entangled in the discomfiting words of myth, symbol, ritual and archetype.” Belline, Ana Helena Cizotto. “Espaço Real e Espaço Poético no ‘Cancioneiro’ de Fernando Pessoa” [Real Space and Poetic Space in Fernando Pessoa’s Cancioneiro]. Estudos sobre Fernando Pessoa. 1986. 31–57. In Portuguese. Belliveau, John Edward. “Three Scholars.” Atlantic Advocate 69 (October 1978): 40, 43–7 [40, 45–7]. On the lives and contributions of three of the most famous citizens of Moncton, NB: astronomer Simon Newcomb, Justice Ivan Cleveland Rand, and Frye. Sketches Frye’s contributions as a literary critic, comments on the impressions he made as a high school student upon the author, and traces his career from Moncton to Toronto. Bell-Villada, Gene H. “Northrop Frye, Modern Fantasy, Centrist Liberalism, Antimarxism, Passing Time, and Other Limits of American Academic Criticism.” In Reinventing the Americas: Comparative Studies of the Literature of the United States and Spanish America, ed. Bell Gale Chevigny and Gari Laguardia. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1986. 278–97. Claims

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that Frye is not interested in process or change, that his system of modes cannot accommodate fantasy, and that he does not accept the contributions of Marxism. Thinks that Frye’s criticism, therefore, is of little use in understanding Latin American literature. Bellomi, Paola. “El conflicto bélico como motivo literario en la novela el sefardí romántico (2005) de Angelina Muñiz-Huberman” [War Conflict as a Literary Mode in Angelina Muñiz-Huberman’s Novel El Sefardí Romántico]. Naveg@mérica 20 (2018): 1–24. In Spanish. “Based on the theories of Northrop Frye, Vladimir Propp and Mikhail Bakhtin, my objective is to analyze how the warlike confrontations described in the novel are linked to the narrative framework and literary language in order to reflect on the representation of the concept of conflict.” Belsey, Catherine. “Northrop Frye.” Critical Practice. London: Methuen, 1980. 21–9. Places Frye’s criticism in the context of the New Criticism. Argues that his formalism rests upon a concept of human nature and culture in which desire is the fundamental category, and that his theory of literature transcends history and ideology. Sees Frye’s assumptions, finally, as quite similar to the idealist-empiricist assumptions of the New Critics. Belyea, Barbara. “Butterfly in the Bush Garden: ‘Mythopoeic’ Criticism of Contemporary Poetry Written in Canada.” Dalhousie Review 56 (Summer 1976): 336–45. Argues that the variety of Canadian poetry contradicts the claims of recent literary critics (Reaney, Jones, Atwood) who have made Frye’s mythopoeic approach a parti pris, and that there is not a Canadian national literature “definable by a number of dominant archetypes contributing to a coherent mythic evolution in a search for cultural identity.” Ben, Wang Fan. “Northrop Frye on Culture: Its Source and Character.” http://translate.google.com/translate?hl= en&sl=zh-CN&u=http://www.tmdnb.com/zl/jz/167753. html&sa=X&oi=translate&resnum=1&ct=result&prev=/ search% 3Fq% 3Dnorthrop%2Bfrye%26start% 3D100%26num%3D100%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dlang_zh -CN%26sa% 3DN%26as_qdr % 3Dall. Ben Antabi, Mimo Amir. “Præsentation og diskussion af Northrop Fryes bibelteori med henblik på The Great Code og Words with Power” [Presentation and Discussion of Northrop Frye’s Theory of the Bible with Special Reference to The Great Code and Words with Power]. In Danish. Odense: Syddansk Universitet, Institut for Litteratur, Kultur og Medier, Center for Litteraturvidenskab og Semiotik, 2002. 38 pp.

Benavides, Idalia Villanueva. “La deconstrucción del sujeto cartesiano, de su tiempo y espacio en Todas las familias felices de Carlos Fuentes [The Deconstruction of the Cartesian Subject, of His Time and Space in All the Happy Families of Carlos Fuentes]. La Palabra 26 (January 2015): 97–114. In Spanish. Bence, Erika. “The Demystification of the Concept of Homeland in the Hungarian Literature from Vojvodina.” Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica 1 (2011): 45–59. “In his theory of myth criticism Northrop Frye conceives the formation history of encyclopedic forms originating in the epic worldview in terms of spatial topoi. Here as well, the three basic forms are the Iliad, the Odyssey and the Aeneid.” –  “Műfajváltozatok és -diskurzusok. A 19. századi magyar történelmi regény” [Different Genres and Discourses of the Nineteenth-Century Hungarian Historical Novel]. Iskolakultúra 3–4 (2008): 50–61. In Hungarian. Uses Frye’s distinction between the novel and the romance to examine the different varieties of the Hungarian historical novel and discusses the similarities and differences in such fiction based on their generic features. Believes that Frye’s theory both confirms and questions the place of certain works in the tradition of the historical novel. Refers to a well-known case of a Frygean rereading by László Szilasi of some of the works of the famous Hungarian Romantic novelist Mór Jókai: Szilasi claims that some of these “novels” are more fruitfully read as romances. –  Referential and Fictional Features in Márk Mezei’s Novel Utolsó Szombat (The Last Saturday). Hungarológiai Közlemények 2 (2019): 84–99. In Hungarian. Notes the difference between the historical psychology in Lukács and the archetypal psychology in Frye. –  “A toldi-trilógia: A románc, a történelmi és a verses regény diskurzusa” [The Toldi-Trilogy: Discourse in Romance, Historical and Verse Novel]. Tanulmányok 1 (2017): 95–111. In Hungarian. Indebted to Frye’s “The Four Forms of Prose Fiction.” Benczik, Vera. “Gendered Quest in Recent Hungarian Fantasy Films.” Hungarian Cultural Studies 12 (2019): 290–8. “Despite the later scholarly criticism Joseph Campbell’s work has garnered, and despite its somewhat outdated and reductive aspects, it still remains the basis for the literary analysis of the quest, and has been used extensively by archetypal theoreticians like Northrop Frye or Kathryn Hume. . . . Frye’s analysis differs slightly from that of Campbell, as he works less from a psychoanalytical standpoint, but rather from the discursive context of literary criticism; he

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calls the monomyth ‘quest romance’ and identifies the tripartite structure journey—exaltation—return, adding a transcendental layer to the conscious-unconscious dichotomy invoked by Campbell.” –  “Hero out of Time: Ursula K. Le Guin’s ‘Dancing to Ganam’ as the Subversion of the Quest Narrative.” Hungarian Journal of English and American Studies 18, nos. 1–2 (Spring–Fall 2012): 177–92. Le Guin’s “narratives frequently employ the traditional quest, identified by Joseph Campbell as the monomyth, in the service of exteriorizing the process of growth her protagonists go through. Like Campbell, Le Guin works from a theoretical background that owes much to Jungian psychoanalysis and the archetypal theory put forth by Northrop Frye. Far from simple reiterations of the pattern, Le Guin’s narratives can be read as critical reenactments of the traditional quest romance, which, while more or less straightforwardly follow the course prescribed by the Campbellian system, are at the same time in critical dialogue with it.” Benković, Zvonko. “Tisuću i jedna noć konzum-(n)acije” [A Thousand and One Nights Consum-(N)Ation]. Narodna umjetnost—Hrvatski časopis za etnologiju i folkloristiku 2 (2011): 63–82. Notes Frye’s observation that the soap opera follows the conventions of romance. Bennett, Chad. “The Queer Afterlife of Gossip: James Merrill’s ‘Celestial Salon.’” Twentieth-Century Literature 64, no. 4 (December 2018): 387–412. Says that the concluding scene of Merrill’s The Changing Light at Sandover “seems to riff on Northrop Frye’s version of Mill’s figure for the lyric poet, who, ‘so to speak, turns his back on his listeners.’” Bennett, Donna. “‘As the last morning breaks in red’: Frye’s Apocalypse and the Visionary Tradition in Canadian Writing.” University of Toronto Quarterly 70 (Fall 2002): 813–26. Frye saw the Christian conception of apocalypse as destroying the way of seeing the order of nature that confined human beings to the world of time and history. He regarded the apocalypse as the vision of universal events followed by existence as part of a single, infinite body. –  “Frye, Apocalypse and Canadian Poets.” Englishes: Rivista quadrimestrale di letterature inglesi contemporanee 7, no. 17 (2002): 33–48. Bennett, Eric. “Dear Humanities Profs: We Are the Problem.” Chronicle of Higher Education (13 April 2018). “Three generations ago, literature professors exchanged a rigorously defined sphere of expertise, to which they could speak with authority, for a much wider field to which they could speak with virtually no power

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at all. No longer refusing to allow politics to corrupt a human activity that transcends it, they reduced the literary to the political. The change was sharp. From World War I until the 1960s, their forerunners had theorized literature as a distinct practice, a fine art, a realm of its own. Whether in the scholarship of the Russian Formalists, in T.S. Eliot’s archconservative essays, or in such midcentury monuments as Erich Auerbach’s Mimesis (1946), René Wellek and Austin Warren’s Theory of Literature (1948), and Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism (1957), literature was considered autonomous. Then, starting in the 1970s, autonomy became a custom honored only in the breach.” Bennett, Kenneth C. “The Affective Aspect of Comedy.” Genre 14 (Summer 1981): 191–204 [192–3]. Bennett, Phillippa. ‘Radical Tales: Rethinking the Politics of William Morris’s Last Romances.” In To Build a Shadowy Isle of Bliss: William Morris’s Radicalism and the Embodiment of Dreams, ed. Michelle Weinroth and Paul Leduc Browne. Montreal and Kingston: McGillQueen’s University Press, 2015. Begins her conclusion with a quotation from Frye: “A great romancer should be examined in terms of the conventions he chose,” writes Northrop Frye. “William Morris should not be left on the sidelines of prose fiction merely because the critic has not learned to take the romance form seriously. Nor, in view of what has been said about the revolutionary nature of the romance, should his choice of that form be regarded as an ‘escape’ from his social attitude.” Earlier remarks that, as Frye has demonstrated, the romance contains a “world of exciting adventures,” but these adventures invariably involve “separation, loneliness, humiliation,” and even “pain.” Benoit, Raymond. “Irving’s The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.” The Explicator 55, no. 1 (Fall 1996): 15. “Ichabod’s feeling is indeed an ‘all-embracing’ experience, like the poet’s experience described by Northrop Frye, ‘where the mind behind the subject and the world behind the objects are united, where nature and personality are one, as they formerly were in the sea-gods and sky-gods of ancient mythologies’—and in the tree-gods of American mythology.” Benson, Peter, and Stuart Kirsch. “Corporate Oxymorons.” Dialectical Anthropology 34, no. 1 (2010): 45–8. “Literary critic Northrop Frye describes how advertising ‘says what it does not wholly mean, but nobody is obliged to believe its statements literally. Hence it creates an illusion of detachment . . . even when one is obeying its exhortations.’ In the same way, corporate oxymorons are a particular type of branding that conveys a political

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message intended to ease the mind of an otherwise critical consumer.” Bentley, Allen. “Herman Northrop Frye.” New Brunswick Literary Encyclopedia. http://w3.stu.ca/stu/sites/nble/f/ frye_herman_northrop.html. A full account (6,000 words) of Frye’s life and work. –  “Vic, Canada’s Letters, and Northrop Frye.” Acta Victoriana 79 (November 1954): 11–13. On Frye’s contribution to the criticism of Canadian literature. Bentley, David M.R. “Annex: Northrop Frye’s Garrison Mentality,” in chap. 12, “‘The Music of Rhyme, the Rhythm of Planes, the Shape Emblazoned’: Earle Birney’s West-Coast Architexts.” Canadian Architexts: Essays on Canadian Literature and Architecture, 1759–2005. http://www.uwo.ca/english/canadianpoetry/ architexts/index.htm. Gives his reason for being sceptical about Frye’s notion of the “garrison mentality” in Canadian literature. –  “Jumping to Conclusions: Northrop Frye on Canadian Literature.” In Rampton, Northrop Frye, 55–78. A critique of several of Frye’s central theses about Canadian literature, including his thesis about a “garrison mentality” among Canadian writers. –  “A New Dimension: Notes on the Ecology of Canadian Poetry.” Canadian Poetry: Studies, Documents, Reviews 7 (Fall–Winter 1980): 1–20. Addressing the issue of the importing of forms, as opposed to content, into the Canadian poetic tradition, draws on Frye’s discussion of the topic in his “Conclusion” to Literary History of Canada and elsewhere. Such a study may contribute to an answer to Frye’s question regarding Canadian identity: Where is here? –  “Psychoanalytical Notes upon an Autobiographical Account of a Case of Paranoia (Dementia Paranoides): Mrs Bentley in Sinclair Ross’s As for Me and My House.” University of Toronto Quarterly 73, no. 3 (2004): 862–86. “If there is indeed, as Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick and others have persuasively argued, a close affinity between the hermeneutic practices associated with paranoia and the hermeneutic strategies deployed by literary criticism, then surely this is as evident as almost anywhere else in the modes of reading and interpretation that undergird both the compositional and the critical practices of high modernism—in the rage for order and pattern that drives alike the structuralism of Freud and Claude LéviStrauss, the classicism of James Joyce and T.S. Eliot, the formalism of I.A. Richards and Cleanth Brooks. Certainly, Canadian creative and critical writing from the late 1920s to the early 1960s (and beyond) contains numerous instances of paranoiac interpretation, none

more prominent, perhaps, than in the work of two of the period’s most dedicated avatars of order: A.M. Klein and Northrop Frye.” –  “Reflections on the Situation and Study of Early Canadian Literature in the Long Confederation Period.” Home Ground and Foreign Territory: Essays on Early Canadian Literature. Ed. Janice Fiamengo. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 2014. 17–44. “In his 1965 ‘Conclusion’ to the Literary History of Canada, Northrop Frye is right to stress that Canadian literature is ‘a part of Canadian life’ and rewards study as such, but he is very clearly wrong both in exiling it from the realm of ‘verbal relationships’ and in regarding that realm as ‘autonomous.’” –  “Rummagings, 5: Northrop Frye’s ‘Garrison Mentality.’” Canadian Poetry: Studies, Documents, Reviews 58 (Spring 2006): 5–9. Is skeptical about the existence of the “garrison mentality,” which Frye posited as a chief feature of the Canadian imagination. Bentley, G.E., Jr. “Blake on Frye and Frye on Blake.” In Lee and Denham, Legacy, 177–89. A biobibliographical study of the Frye/Blake relationship, with special attention to Fearful Symmetry. Bentley, G.E., Jr., and Martin K. Nurmi. A Blake Bibliography: Annotated Lists of Works, Studies, and Blakeana. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1964. 25–6. An assessment of Frye’s contribution to Blake criticism. The authors maintain that with Fearful Symmetry “Blake criticism came of age, for here at last was a book that overcame most of the major obstacles to understanding his thought and art. Frye brought to bear on Blake a criticism which was not merely a collection of critical perceptions, analyses of ideas, histories of traditions and the like, but a unified critical method of the kind needed to understand a unified mind and sensibility like Blake’s.” Gives a brief account of the central argument of Fearful Symmetry. Eugene Benson and William Toye, eds. Oxford Companion to Canadian Literature. 2nd ed. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1997. The main entry for “Frye, Northrop” is written by George Woodcock (see below). Frye’s place in Canadian literature is reinforced by the fact he is mentioned in some forty of the entries in the Oxford Companion. Béres, András. “Text si context: Consideratii despre interpretarea scenica a textelor dramatice” [Text and Context. Considerations about the Scenic Interpretation of Dramatic Texts]. Symbolon 1(2000): 7–14. In Romanian.

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

–  “Tragikum és tragédia” [Tragedy and the Tragic]. Symbolon 1 (2000): 70–82. In Romanian. Quotes Frye’s definition of tragedy. Bergamo, Edvaldo, and Ana Clara Magalhaes de Medeiros. “Lixboa revisitada ou o império retornado: A mitopoética da Mensagem (e uma saudade lusíada) n’As naus de Lobo Antunes” [Lixbon Revisited or the Returned Empire: The Mythopoetic of Mensagem (and a Longings of Lusiads) in As Naus by Lobo Antunes]. Navegações 10, no. 2 (July–December 2017): 121–30. In Portuguese. The authors adopt Frye’s views on myth and poetry. Berger, Arthur Asa. Li’l Abner: A Study in American Satire. Oxford: University Press of Mississippi, 1970. Calls on Frye’s theory of satire throughout. Berger, Harry, Jr. “The Renaissance Imagination: Second World and Green World.” Centennial Review 9 (Winter 1965): 36–78 [47–50]. On Frye’s conception of the “green world” versus the “normal world” in Elizabethan comedy. Bergeron, David M. “Shakespeare’s Intents in Tents.” Shakespeare Studies 45 (January 2017): 161–83. Glances at what Frye calls Shakespeare’s “green world” comedies. Bergh, Bruce G. “Volkswagen as ‘Little Man.’” Journal of American Culture 15, no. 4 (1992): 95–119. “The analytical framework for the study presented is an integration of interpretative approaches borrowed from literary criticism, anthropological and cultural studies, and depth psychology (Frye, Joseph Campbell) that converge at the point where the role played by archetypal forms or structures reveals the primal origin of motifs in the arts that might otherwise (as was the case with the Beetle campaign) be considered entirely new. The various approaches tend to focus on the study of religious themes and motifs as the place where both literary and psychological structures will reveal themselves in their most abstract form devoid of confusion from representational or local content. The purpose of the study was to discover an archetypal structure within the Volkswagen Beetle advertising campaign. The specific archetypal pattern studied was the characterization of the Beetle’s personality as the Fool, the Trickster, and the Little Man.” Bergonzi, Bernard. “The Catholic Novel.” Commonweal 134, no. 9 (May 4, 2007): 10–12. “The literary form of the novel as it developed in England and France was not well adapted to the exploration of religious drama. Its dimensions were social or individual, presenting people fairly like ourselves, with this-worldly ambitions or destinies or griefs that readers can readily identify with. It was, in Northrop Frye’s phrase, ‘low mimetic,’

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with the focus on what Renaissance thinkers called the sublunary world.” Bergvall, Åke. “The Blake Syndrome: The Case of Jerusalem.” Literature/Film Quarterly 1, no. 4 (2013): 254–65. Glances at Frye’s musical interests, particularly Blake’s hymn Jerusalem. Beriault, Janie. “The Sublime and Picturesque Aesthetics in John Richardson’s Wacousta.” Canadian Literature 228–9 (Spring–Summer 2016): 189–205. “Although the ways in which the impulses of community and individuality are reflected in Wacousta’s aesthetic practice and have much in common with Northrop Frye’s famous concept of the ‘garrison mentality,’ my reading ultimately distinguishes Richardson’s vision from Frye’s by demonstrating that progression towards social community does not necessarily lead to a breakdown of conventional forms and a breakthrough of ‘greater freedom,’ but rather promotes a social (and aesthetic) model that seeks organization.” Berman, Art. “Scientific Criticism: Frye.” From the New Criticism to Deconstruction: The Reception of Structuralism and Post-Structuralism. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988. 96–101. Maintains that Frye wants to develop a scientific criticism but not at the expense of the idea of human freedom. In this respect his work lies firmly in the tradition of American criticism, especially in its reaction to structuralism in the U.S.: once it comes up against the logical consequences of empiricism and determinism, it interjects the humanistic idea of free will. Frye’s work differs from that of the structuralists and poststructuralists in that it develops no theory of mind or self and has “no sophisticated linguistic theory.” Bernard, J.F. “Comic Symmetry and English Melancholy.” Shakespearean Melancholy: Philosophy, Form, and the Transformation of Comedy. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018. “Each work [The Comedy of Errors and Love’s Labour’s Lost] closely follows established structures in terms of theories of melancholy and comic conventions. The comedies are predicated on a symmetrical model of characterization as suggested by critics such Northrop Frye or Harry Levin, one that emphasises acts of couplings and doubling. This model is intended to reflect the ‘real world,’ as Harry Levin explains, and ‘to act as an aid to self-correction, but it also operates, as Frye suggests, as an inherent dramatic device which, through structure, dictates the comic mood. The multiple melancholic iterations help further the plays’ symmetry while catering to the expectation of the humour’s eventual purgation. In each case, the drive to dispel melancholy becomes inexorably conflated

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with ideas of comic resolution and closure. In this sense, the plays acquiesce to traditional galenic philosophy in advocating for balance, suggesting that the comic crises they explore can be resolved through heterosexual symmetrical pairings.’” Bernd, Zilá, and Eloína Prati dos Santos. “Canadá: País homenageado na 60a feira do livro de Porto Alegre—2014 [Canada: Country Honoured in the 60th Book Fair in Porto Alegre—2014]. Organon 29, no. 57 (July–December 2014): 221–8. “Frye writes that English Canada was first part of wilderness, then part of North America and the British Empire, and then part of the world. He writes also about the fact that Canadians have always had to confront a nature with its radical characteristics. Politically, Canada was the scene of the dispute between two European powers—France and England—in the eighteenth century, in addition to having promoted an independence movement against its powerful neighbor, the United States, in the nineteenth century. To understand English-language Canadian literature, therefore, one must take into account the central issue of national identity, the diversity of regional identities, history, geography and climate, as well as the dynamics of its multiculturality.” Bernhart, Walter. “‘Musikalische Verse’: ‘Ich weiß nicht, was soll es bedeuten’” [‘“Musical verses’: ‘I don’t know what it is supposed to mean’] Die Vorstellung von Musik in Malerei und Dichtung. Jahresschrift der österreichischen Gesellschaft für Musikwissenschaft, ed. Barbara Boisits and Cornelia Szabò-Knotik. Musicologica Austriaca 25. Vienna: Praesens Verlag, 2006. 111–21. In German. Looks at different theories, including Frye’s, of what constitutes “musical” when that attribute is applied to literary verse. Bernstein, Carol L. “‘Happy Endings’/Unendings: Narratives of Evil.” In Rethinking Evil, ed. Maria Pia Lara. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001. 229–31. On Frye’s understanding of evil as argued in The Secular Scripture. Berry, Ralph. “Shakespearean Comedy and Northrop Frye.” Essays in Criticism 22 (January 1972): 33–40. Aims to refute Frye’s thesis in A Natural Perspective that Shakespearean comedies embody typical patterns. Objects especially to Frye’s claim that the normal action of comedy moves from irrational law to festivity. Concludes that Frye’s theory of comedy applies to only a few Shakespearean plays and that to use his theoretical framework, therefore, is to oversimplify the complexity of these plays.

–  Shakespeare’s Comedies: Explorations in Form. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1972. 3–5. Argues against Frye’s method of building a theoretical model or meta-form for studying Shakespeare’s comedies: “one cannot accumulate data from certain plays, use them to construct a ‘genre’ model that implies a more than cognate relationship with ‘genus,’ and then deploy the ‘genre’ pattern as a triumphant interpretation of a recalcitrant specimen.” Says that such a procedure distorts the individual comedies. Berryman, Charles. “Atwood’s Narrative Quest.” Journal of Narrative Technique 17 (Winter 1987): 51–6. Argues that the narrative pattern of Atwood’s Surfacing is heavily dependent on Frye’s descriptions of the archetypal patterns of comedy and romance. Berryman, Jerome. “Laughter, Power, and Motivation in Religious Education.” Religious Education 93, no. 3 (1998): 358–78. “We are drawn toward tragic people. They arouse pity and fear. We sometimes call them heroes, but at the same time something about them makes us draw back. This ‘drawing back’ is our impulse toward life. This is because, as Northrop Frye has described, tragic figures become rigid, and more and more committed to the pursuit of their goals. They will endure pain or even death to carry on in the pursuit of their goal. One can become tragically stuck. One can also become stuck in comedy. In pure comedy Frye observed that the primary theme is the happy integration of the central character into society. While a tragedy might end with people dying on stage, the comedy ends with people getting married.” Berszan, Istvan. “Die Textualitat: Eine neue Stereotypie der Komparatistik” [Textuality: A New Stereotype of Comparative Literature]. Caietele Echinox 6 (2004): 73– 7. In German. The archeotypology as practised by Frye and Gilbert Durand is no longer central to the research of comparative literature. Bertacco, Simona. “Rescaling Robert Kroetsch: A Reading across Communities, Borders, and Practices.” Canadian Literature 238 (2019): 30–45. “As a matter of fact, while he figured as the general editor [of the Canadian issue of boundary 2], Kroetsch turned to his colleagues in Canada for the actual editorial work: Eli Mandel oversaw the selection of criticism, Margaret Atwood and Warren Tallman selected the poetry and were listed as guest editors, while the two world-renowned Canadian critics of the time—Frye and McLuhan—were discussed in a section called ‘Context,’ their roles reviewed, respectively, by George Woodcock and Wilfred Watson. The Foreword marked Kroetsch’s famous first words as a critic, recording his attempt to locate and define

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

the Canadianness embedded in the works produced by contemporary poets and novelists north of the border: ‘The country that invented Marshall McLuhan and Northrop Frye did so by not ever being Modern.’ Kroetsch’s project to tell a different story of Canadian literature started with this bold statement and would be developed, from that moment onward, in his critical essays.” Bertea, Cristina. “Frye e la fiaba” [Frye and the Fairy Tale]. In Lombardo, Ritratto, 225–35. In Italian. On Frye’s view of fairy tales as an archetypal form towards which more complex literary forms tend to return. Bertea looks at the connections between fairy tales and both ritual and romance. Bertolio, Johnny L. “‘La vita solitaria: A Fryean Idyll?” In Mapping Leopardi: Poetic and Philosophical Intersections, ed. Emanuela Cervato, Mark Epstein, Giulia Santi, and Simona Wright. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2019. 144–55. “Aims to demonstrate the ways in which La vita solitaria fits the idyllic phase in Frye’s scheme through a close comparison with other literary texts of the same genre: Theocritus, Moschus, translated by Leopardi himself, and, quite surprisingly, Giovan Battista Marino.” Besbes, Mongia. “Literary Piracy and the Art of Experimental Narratives.” Cultural Intertexts 8 (2018): 7–31. “Northrop Frye contends that ‘Romance is the structural core of all fiction: being directly descended from folktale, it brings us closer than any other aspect of literature in the sense of fiction, considered as a whole, as the epic of the creature, man’s vision of his own life as a quest.’” Besharati, Mohammad Hossein, Golnar Mazdayasna, and Sayed Mohammad Anoosheh. “Orwell’s Satirical View of Romantic Love in the Terrorized World of Nineteen Eighty-Four.” International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 6, no. 6 (September 2017): 78–82. “We try to investigate Winston Smith’s romantic life in a satiric manner with respect to Northrop Frye’s theme of romance which includes the three phases of agon, pathos and anagnorisis.” Besner, Neil. “Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays.” Canadian Encyclopedia. Edmonton: Hurtig, 1998. Overview of Frye’s magnum opus. Bessai, Diane. “Counterfeiting Hindsight.” World Literature Written in English 23, no. 2 (1984): 353–66. Argues that Frye’s comprehensive overview of Canadian literature neglects “the positive elements of literary colonialism.”

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Bessason, Haraldur. Guðir og men [Gods and Men]. Reykjavík: Ormstunga, 2009. Throughout this collection of essays, Bessason has connected the Icelandic scholar with foreign theorists like Georges Dumézil, Claude Leví-Strauss, Joseph Campbell, Roman Jakobson, Noam Chomsky, and Frye. Besses, P. “Métaphore vive et référence chez N. Frye: Poétique et théologie; Eléments d’une critique du discours opaque” [Vivid Metaphor and Reference in N. Frye: Poetics and Theology. Elements of a Critique of Opaque Speech]. Bulletin de la Société de Stylistique Anglaise 7 (1985): 53–67. Bethune, Brian. “Thinkers, Seekers, Crusaders.” Maclean’s 115, no. 11 November 2002): 80–2. “Non-fiction is rapidly becoming literature’s poor cousin in this country. Rather than the two main Governor General’s prose awards being held up as the twin pinnacles of Canadian literary honour, as was once the case, media attention increasingly focuses on the fiction list and its Giller rival. That tends to leave non-fiction in the same slough of despond that’s home to poetry and drama, a black hole that’s particularly unfair to it. For all the accolades garnered abroad by recent Canadian fiction, its global influence pales beside works by Marshall McLuhan and Northrop Frye. And first-rate non-fiction, as passionate and well-written as any novel, is still produced in Canada, even if Governor General’s juries sometimes seem to have trouble recognizing it.” Bettina, Sister Mary. “Teaching Frye’s Theory of Modes.” English Journal 54 (February 1965): 124–5. Maintains that Frye’s theory of modes is easily grasped by high school students. “Whatever teenage students conceive of its end, Frye’s theory is provocative to them.” Betts, Gregory, and Julia Polyck-O’Neill. “Contesting Vancouver: Case Studies in a Cultural Imaginary.” Canadian Literature 235 (2017): 6–11. “If, in the midtwentieth century, Northrop Frye led a significant sector of Canadian authors and scholars to pursue the taxonomical cleanliness of archetypes, national symbols, and regional essences, Vancouver art and writing during the same period followed a different path that was more attuned to the messier collage modality of Marshall McLuhan’s theories of mediation.” Bevis, Matthew. “Endgames.” Comedy: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. 12–20. Glances at the place Frye’s mythos of summer has in a theory of comedy. Bewell, Alan, Neil Ten Kortenaar, and Germaine Warkentin. “Introduction.” Educating the Imagination: Northrop Frye Past, Present, and Future. Montreal

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and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2015. 3–15. The editors note that the centenary of Frye’s birth provided “an ideal moment” for reassessing his contribution to criticism, and they provide an overview to the twelve essays in the collection. Beye, Charles Rowan, and M. Carpitella. La Tragedia Greca: Guida Storica e Critica. Bari: Laterza, 1974. In Italian. On Frye’s theory of tragedy in the context of current critical approaches to Greek tragedy—literary, sociological, and anthropological. Bhattacharya, Rima. “Godless, yet Not Lacking in Divinity: Sexuality and Religion in Updike’s Couples.” British and American Studies 24 (2018): 105–14. “In his 1969 preface to Fearful Symmetry, Northrop Frye, while commenting on Blake’s mythology, states that the poet ‘thought of the essential “mental fight” of human life as the revolt of desire and energy against repression.’ Blake, who believed that ‘it is impossible for a human being to live completely in the world of sense’ saw all evil in ‘self-restraint or restraint of others.’ Consequently, Blake bridges the insurmountable gap between man and a distant wrathful God by identifying him with human imagination and thereby locating him within mankind.” Bhoil, Shelly, and Enrique Galvan-Alvarez. Tibetan Subjectivities on the Global Stage: Negotiating Dispossession. New York: Lexington Books, 2018. “Northrop Frye tells us that an archetype is ‘a literary symbol, or cluster of symbols, which are used recurrently throughout literature, and thereby become conventional. Hell has always been an archetypal image in traditional Tibetan literature in that it has signified fear, horror and karmic retribution among other undesirable things. However, as other Tibetan writers have increasingly come to employ it for depicting an occupied Tibet, it has gained a new archetypal usage. Tibet’s bloody encounter with Communist China and its subsequent subjugation have turned hell into a recurring image that stands for Tibet’s modern political experience characterized by repression.” Bialostosky, Don H. “Literary ‘Romanticism and Modernism’ in Robert Langbaum’s The Poetry of Experience and Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism.” Cahiers roumains d’études litteraires 1 (1982): 110–17. Examines the terms Frye uses in his account of the relation between romanticism and modernism and compares them with Langbaum’s treatment of the relation. Looks especially at Frye’s definition of romanticism in his theory of modes in Anatomy of Criticism, where the conventions of the “low mimetic” mode are distinguished from the ironic mode of modernism. Argues that Frye is an idealist in his

method but that he does not go far enough: “he fails to distinguish radically enough between his conceptual modes and the historical eras to which he applies them” and to be aware of “the problematic relation between forms and actual experience.” Sees Frye’s enterprise, however, as a more worthy and “higher” one than Langbaum’s because it asks the more universal questions. Bickle, Alex Christopher. “Oswald Spengler.” Geni (22 January 2019). https://www.geni.com/people/OswaldSpengler/6000000043261712658. “Northrop Frye argued that while every element of Spengler’s thesis has been refuted a dozen times, it is ‘one of the world’s great Romantic poems’ and its leading ideas are ‘as much part of our mental outlook today as the electron or the dinosaur, and in that sense we are all Spenglerians.’ Frye said he ‘practically slept [with The Decline of the West] under my pillow for several years’ while a student. Spengler’s book inspired him to have his own ‘vision of coherence,’ resulting in Anatomy of Criticism. Frye later criticized the over-reading of Spengler’s metaphorical system as actual history rather than an organizing principle.” Bidini, Dave. “Northrop Frye in Tacts.” Tropic of Hockey: My Search for the Game in Unlikely Places. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 2011. Bieger, Laura. “No Place Like Home; or, Dwelling in Narrative.” New Literary History 46, no. 1 (2015): 17–39. “Applying Northrop Frye’s formalist model to historiography, Hayden White famously argues that historiography follows the same basic narrative modes as fiction (comedy, tragedy, romance, satire), which are, in turn, inclined to use different kinds of figurative language (from tragedy to metonymy, romance to synecdoche, satire to irony).” Biegoń, Dominika. “Narrative Legitimation: The Capitalist Market Economy as a Success Story. In Capitalism and Its Legitimacy in Times of Crisis, ed. Steffen Schneider, Henning Schmidtke, Sebastian Haunss, Jennifer Gronau. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. Uses narrative discourse analysis, as advanced by Frye and Hayden White, to understand the capitalist market economy. Bielik-Robson, Agata. “The Jewish Ulysses: Adorno and Joyce on Modernity.” University of Bucharest Review: Literary and Cultural Studies Series 2 (2006): 25–9. “I saw, spoke Yahweh, I beheld the burden my people held in Egypt. I come down to lift them out of Egypt’s hand, to carry them to a broad, open land. This great image— Northrop Frye would have said, ‘the great code’—of

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

lifting, releasing, letting free, is one of the most recurrent figures of Western culture, and, especially, the Western modernity.” Bilbro, Jeffrey. “Sounding the Darkness and Discovering the Marvellous: Hearing ‘a Lough Neagh Sequence’ with Seamus Heaney’s Auditory Imagination.” Irish Studies Review 19, no. 3 (2011): 321–40. “An aspect of Heaney’s auditory imagination involves its power as a muse; the sounds of language assist Heaney to discover his poetry. Poetic scholars have noted how some poems follow aural patterns that may originate subconsciously. Northrop Frye describes how babble can become the organizing principle of lyric poetry, and Roman Jakobson argues that this aural intuition operates even when neither author nor reader are consciously aware of it.” Bilić, Anica. “Sveti Bono—na presjecištu književne riječi i teorijske misli” [Saint Bono—At the Crossroads of Literature and Theoretical Thought]. Diacovensia: Teološki prilozi 13, no. 2 (2005). In Bosnian. This article is an analysis of all the texts preserved in literary tradition related to the figure of Saint Bono. The saint exists in legends and in hagiographic and vernacular literature as a result of a typified literary procedure which reflects the medieval and popular perception of the saint. The article certifies the power of the actions of this early Christian martyr and explains his death according to the theory of Northrop Frye. –  “Lik svetoga Kapistrana u hrvatskoj stihovnoj epici” [The Character of Saint John Capestranus in Croatian Epic Poetry]. Umjetnost riječi 1 (2004): 1–23. In Croatian. Applies the principles of Frye’s theory of modes to the figure of St. Ivan Kapistran. Billings, Bradly S. “Is Anzac Day an Incidence of ‘Displaced Christianity’”? Pacifica: Journal of the Melbourne College of Divinity 28, no. 3 (October 2015): 229–42. “Drawing on the conceptual language of a ‘displaced Christianity’ (Northrop Frye), together with the notion of the ‘numinous’ (Rudolf Otto), this article seeks to explain, and interpret, the cultural phenomenon of Anzac as a worldview embedded in a ritual capable of bringing us into contact with a narrative that both invokes and conveys a sense of meaning and purpose, and invites identification with something that is both wholly greater to and wholly other than ourselves.” (from author’s abstract) Binder, Guyora. Literary Criticism of Law. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000. 211–13, 280, 283–4. On Frye’s views of narrative as applicable to the understanding of law and Robin West’s (see below) appropriation of these views.

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Binder, Werner, and Dmitry Kurakin. “Biography and Form of Life: Toward a Cultural Analysis of Narrative Interviews.” Sociológia—Slovak Sociological Review 6 (2019): 563–83. Bingöl, Ulaş. “Eleştirinin Anatomisi: Dört Deneme” [Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays]. Uluslararasi Türkçe Edebiyat Kultür Eğitim Dergisi Sayi [International Turkish Literature Cultural Education Journal] 4, no. 3 (2015): 1366–81. In Turkish. –  “Eleştirinin anatomisi adli eser üzerine” [On the Anatomy of Criticism]. International Journal of Turkish Literature, Culture, Education 4, no. 3 (2015): 1366–81. In Turkish. On the translation by Hande Koçak in 2015 of Anatomy of Criticism into Turkish. Provides what amounts to a long review of the book. Binhammer, Katherine. “The Story within the Story of Sentimental Fiction.” Narrative 25, no. 1 (January 2017): 45–64. Relies on Frye’s standard account of the Age of Sensibility. Binni, Francesco. Modernismo letterario angloamericano: Permanenza e irrealtà di un’istituzione del progresso [Anglo-American Literary Modernism: Permanence and Unreality of an Institution of Progress]. Rome: Bulzoni, 1978. In Italian. Biondo-Hench, Susan C. “Shakespeare Troupe: An Adventure in Words, Fluid Text, and Comedy.” The English Journal 99, no. 1 (September 2009): 37–43. “Northrop Frye was interested in Shakespeare’s comedies as a whole, and he found the plays unified by a clear pattern. First, the comedy is a movement toward identity, which, by the end of the play, finds its fulfillment in marriage. A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Much Ado about Nothing, As You Like It, and Two Gentlemen of Verona are all examples of comedies that either end just after, in, or in anticipation of a wedding. In each of these plays the wedding marks the end of a conflict—either with an unrelenting law, a resentful sibling, a controlling parent, or a jealous rival who has necessitated that one or more characters retreat from formal society by escaping into a forest or by counterfeiting death.” Bird, John. “Legend of Comedy Who Inspired Several Generations.” The Independent (London Daily Edition) (12 May 2019): 35. “A satirist is what he was, but only if you use the term for its richest and most complex connotations. Northrop Frye wrote of satire that ‘it demands (at least a token) fantasy, a content recognized as grotesque, moral judgements (at least implicit), and a militant attitude to experience.’ Its distinguishing mark is the ‘double focus of morality and fantasy.’”

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Bird, Robert. “Schematics and Models of Genre: Bakhtin and Soviet Satire.” In Persistent Forms: Explorations in Historical Poetics, ed. Ilya Kliger and Boris Maslov. New York: Fordham University Press, 2015. “Calls for a Historical Poetics that would construe and construct genre not as a schema, to which a given text may conform, but as a model of engaging with the reality, a model that would affect the audience. . . . such a theory of genre would seek not only an empiricist description of literary-historical evolution but a forward-looking account that participates in the molding of the future. Such an approach, opposed to the Aristotelian or neoclassicist notion of genre as well as to the transhistorical theories of genre (e.g., Northrop Frye’s), is well established within Historical Poetics.” (publisher’s abstract) Birdwell, Robert Z. “The Coherence of Mary Barton: Romance, Realism, and Utopia.” Victoriographies 5, no. 3 (2015): 185–200. Birney, Earle. “Epilogue.” Earle Birney, ed. Bruce Nesbitt. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1974. 213. Claims that in a review of his David and Other Poems, Frye misunderstood the prosody. Birns, Nicholas. “Failing to Be Separate: Race, Land, Concern.” Contemporary Australian Literature: A World Not Yet Dead. Sydney: Sydney University Press, 2015. Uses Frye’s category of concern to explore Australian fiction. –  “The System Cannot Withstand Close Scrutiny: 1966, the Hopkins Conference, and the Anomalous Rise of Theory.” Modern Language Quarterly 75, no. 3 (2014): 327–54. Bishop, Kyle William. “Vacationing in ‘Zombieland’: The Classical Functions of the Modern Zombie Comedy.” Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts 22, no. 1 (2011): 24–38. Frye’s theory of modes appealed to repeatedly to characterize the form of zombie films. Bishop, Liam. Review of Desolate Market, by Julian Turner. Singapore Review of Books (25 September 2018). https://singaporereviewofbooks.org/2018/09/25/julianturner-desolate-market/. “We could momentarily turn our attention to Blake again, in particular to Northrop Frye’s reminder that images of his poetry shouldn’t be ‘regarded as a flagrant misuse of ‘pathetic fallacy’ and that ‘the “states” Blake deals with can seldom be identified with . . . a political event.’” Bishop, Sarah. “‘I’m Only Going to Do It If I Can Do It in Character’: Unpacking Comedy and Advocacy in Stephen Colbert’s 2010 Congressional Testimony.”

Journal of Popular Culture 48, no. 3 (June 2015): 548–57. “While the majority of Colbert’s appearance in Congress depended on comedy for its effect, his brief moment of out-of-character candor at the end of the hearing works to confirm that his presence was seriously meaningful. Northrop Frye reveals the ways these types of breaks in humor appear across comedic genres. He writes, ‘Everyone will have noted in comic actions, even in very trivial movies and magazine stories, a point near the end at which the tone suddenly becomes serious [or] sentimental.’ These moments, Frye argues, exist to play into our conventions about what is necessary to ensure a happy, successful ending.” Bishop, Tom. Review of The Staging of Romance in Late Shakespeare by Christopher Cobb. Comparative Drama 43, no. 1 (Spring 2009): 126–9. Says that Cobb takes his description of the romance mode largely from Frye. Bissell, Claude. Halfway up Parnassus: A Personal Account of the University of Toronto, 1932–1971. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1974. 75–6. On the unofficial literary coterie in the early 1940s at Toronto, which included Earle Birney, A.J.M. Smith, E.J. Pratt, Pelham Edgar, and Frye. See also pp. 15, 50, 80, 180, 190. Bjarnadóttir, Birna. “Another Notable Insomniac in the World of Literature.” Review of Viðar Hreinsson’s biography Wakeful Nights by Stephan G. Stephansson. Canadian Literature 220 (Spring 2014): 164–5. “This book has also much to offer to the subjects of the poetics of immigration and the translation of cultures. As a living testament to Northrop Frye’s view that literature shapes cultural identity, readers can make themselves familiar with the Icelandic immigrant who became a key writer of Icelandic literature on both sides of the Atlantic; the farmer who ferried with him an entire cultural heritage across the Atlantic; the disciple of Emerson in the ranks of North American poets and philosophers; and the notable insomniac in the world of literature who worked in the field during the day and read and composed in the night.” BjerringNielsen, Bent. “Om The Inklings myteopfattelse som omdrejningspunktet mellem litteratur og kristendom i deres æstetik” [The Inkling’s Perception of Myth as the Focal Point in Their Aesthetics of Literature and Christianity]. FØnix 1 (1999). In Danish. Uses Frye extensively in discussing myth as the connection between literature and Christianity in the writings of The Inklings, including C.S. Lewis. Black, Max. “Foreword.” The Morality of Scholarship, ed. Max Black. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1967). v–xi [ix–x]. A brief observation about some

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

of the qualities of Frye’s essay “The Knowledge of Good and Evil,” included in this anthology: looks at its construction of a general conceptual framework, its metaphysics, and its attention to the social side of morality. Black, Scott. “The Novel’s High Road: A Review Essay.” Eighteenth-Century Life 40, no. 2 (2016): 136. Review of Thomas G. Pavel, The Lives of the Novel: A History. –  “Quixotic Realism and the Romance of the Novel.” Novel: A Forum on Fiction 42, no. 2 (June 2009): 239–44. On the usefulness of Frye’s account of romance in reading realistic novels. “Argues that modern, realist ways of reading fail to satisfy fully their own claims about the novel as a genre self-consciously located in history. Rather, novels cycle through the kinds of narrative named by Ian Watt and Northrop Frye and show how each is necessary to the other—indeed, how each can turn into the other. In recycling anachronistic forms like romance, novels do not simply supersede them but rather offer tools of a literacy adequate to a history much longer and more active than historicism tends to allow.” (author’s abstract) Blackshaw, Tony. “The Crisis in Sociological Leisure Studies and What to Do about It.” Annals of Leisure Research (26 May 2014): 1–18. “Sociology will never be quite equal to the complexity and infinite nuance of what takes place in everyday life, but it is impossible to think sociologically without arriving at some kind of interpretation, or another. However, and to paraphrase what the great Canadian literary critic Northrop Frye in his Massey Lecture “Giants in Time,” drawing on Aristotle’s idea of the ‘universal event,’ said of the work of poets, what we meet in any interpretation is neither ‘real’ nor ‘unreal’: it is the product of the educated imagination—if by imagination we mean not, as is sometimes thought, the ability to invent, but the ability to disclose that which exists.” Blaetz, Robin. “Retelling the Joan of Arc Story: Women, War, and Hollywood’s Joan of Paris.” Literature/Film Quarterly 22, no. 4 (1994): 212–21. “My methodological approach in this essay assumes that any work about Joan of Arc is recognizable as such because it follows what Northrop Frye describes as the romance plot. . . . the romance structure, what Frye calls the analogy of innocence, is a lesser counterpart to the apocalyptic world of myth. It presents the desirable in ‘human, familiar, attainable, and morally allowable terms.’” Blake, Jason. “Roguish Self-Fashioning and Questing in Aleksandar Hemon’s “Everything.” Text Matters 9,

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no. 9 (2019): 100–17. Cites Frye’s reference to the quest romance. Blasing, Mutlu Konuk. American Poetry: The Rhetoric of Its Forms. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1987. Examines the poetic strategies of Poe, Emerson, Whitman, and Dickinson and relates them to the four levels of symbolism in Frye’s Anatomy. Blattberg, Charles. Shall We Dance? A Patriotic Politics of Canada. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2003. 50–2, 72–3. On Frye’s notion of the “garrison mentality” and his view of the three levels of cultural identity. Blau, Sheridan. “Literary Competence and the Experience of Literature.” Style 48, no. 1 (Spring 2014): 42–7. Addresses the question, posed by Frye, of whether or not literature can be directly taught. Blazina, S. “Romanzi di sogno” [Dream Novels]. Alfabeta 41 (1982): 7–8. In Italian. Considers the novels of Svevo, Berto, Ottievi, and Malerba in light of both Anatomy of Criticism and Starobinski’s L’oeil vivant. Bleich, David. “The Subjective Paradigm in Science, Psychology, and Criticism.” New Literary History 7 (Winter 1976): 313–34 [331]. About Frye’s pursuit of dianoia, the knowledge about literature, as opposed to nous, the knowledge of literature, which is experiential and subjective. Bliss, Frank W., and Earl R. MacCormac. “Two Poles of Metaphor: Frye and Beardsley.” Journal of Aesthetic Education 11 (January 1977): 33–49. An analysis of Frye’s and Beardsley’s theories of metaphor, which stand as polar opposites. “Frye attempts to protect metaphor from losing its tension and decaying into ordinary language. He wants metaphor to retain its suggestiveness and its absurd juxtaposition to referents. At the other extreme, Beardsley wants to ground metaphor in the literal. . . . Neither presents a theory of metaphor that can account for the variety of metaphoric uses one finds in literature.” Blodgett, Edward D. “Comparative Literature in Canada: A Case Study.” In Comparative Literature for the New Century, ed. Giulia de Gasperi and Joseph Pivato. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2018. Notes the differences between comparative literature as a discipline at the University of Toronto, where Frye was the chief luminary, and at the University of Alberta, where M.V. Dimić’s influence was paramount. “Although he did not possess either Frye’s rootedness in Canada nor his public éclat nor the international reputation acquired through his book on

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Blake, in his literary theory, and his studies of the Bible, Professor Dimić was more firmly rooted in comparative literature, which resulted, inter alia, in our hosting one of the congresses of the ICLA/AILC.” –  “European Theory and Canadian Criticism.” Zeitschrift für Kanada-Studien 11, no. 2 (1986): 5–14. Begins this survey with Frye, who “represents the grid through which theory in general has been in large measure perceived for some two decades.” Blodgett, Harriet. “Through the Labyrinth with Daniel: The Mythic Structure of George Eliot’s Daniel Deronda.” Journal of Evolutionary Psychology 9 (March 1988): 164–79. A study of Eliot’s novel from the point of view of “the theories of symbolic imagery proposed by Jung and . . . the narrative patterns for literature identified by Northrop Frye in his Anatomy of Criticism.” Bloom, Harold. The American Canon: Literary Genius from Emerson to Pynchon. Ed. David Mikics. New American Library, 2019. “For more than 50 years, Bloom has produced incisive literary criticism, offering both close readings of writers’ works and their place in what he considers to be the American canon. Drawing from published volumes, several long out of print, and assorted other sources, David Mikics gathers a sampling of Bloom’s essays on writers of fiction, nonfiction, and poetry to represent the scope and depth of the critic’s capacious interests. . . . Besides defending his own evaluations, Bloom sets his views alongside those of many major critics, including Lionel Trilling, Edmund Wilson, Nina Baym, Irving Howe, and Northrop Frye.” –  “‘Before Moses Was, I Am’: The Original and Belated New Testaments.” In Poetics of Influence. Ed. John Hollander. New Haven, CT: Henry R. Schwab, 1988. –  “Foreword: Northrop Frye in Retrospect.” In Frye, Anatomy of Criticism. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2000. vii–xi. “Frye’s criticism will survive because it is serious, spiritual, and comprehensive, but not because it is systematic or a manifestation of genius. If Anatomy of Criticism begins to seem a period piece, so does The Sacred Wood of T.S. Eliot. Literary criticism, to survive, must abandon the universities, where ‘cultural criticism’ is a triumphant beast not to be expelled. The anatomies issuing from the academies concern themselves with the intricate secrets of Victorian women’s underwear and the narrative histories of the female bosom. Critical reading, the discipline of how to read and why, will survive in those solitary scholars, out in society, whose single candles Emerson prophesied and Wallace Stevens celebrated. Such scholars, turning Frye’s pages, will find copious

precepts and examples to help sustain them in their solitude.” –  “Harold Bloom” [an interview with Bloom]. In Salusinszky, Criticism in Society, 45–73 [61–4, 71]. Replies to questions about Frye’s influence on his own work and about his differences with Frye on value judgments and the social function of poetry. Says that Frye is his “authentic precursor” and refers to him as “a kind of Miltonic figure . . . the largest and most crucial literary critic in the English language” since Pater and Wilde. –  “Literary Love.” Yale Review 99, no. 1 (January 2011): 15–26. “The article presents the author’s views regarding literary criticism, including his reading of Fearful Symmetry: A Study of William Blake, by Northrop Frye.” –  A Map of Misreading. New York: Oxford University Press, 1975. 30. Argues that Frye’s myths of freedom and concern are a Low Church version of Eliot’s AngloCatholic myth of tradition and the individual talent, but that such understanding of the relation of the individual to tradition is a fiction. Believes that we now need a theory of literary history that highlights the interplay of repetition and discontinuity rather than simply the theory of continuity he sees in Frye’s work. –  “The Point of View for My Work as a Critic: A Dithyramb.” The Hopkins Review 2, no. 1 (Winter 2009), New Series: 28–48. “I do not recall reading any literary criticism, as opposed to literary biography, until I was an undergraduate. At seventeen I purchased Northrop Frye’s study of William Blake, Fearful Symmetry, soon after its publication. What Hart Crane was to me at ten, Frye became at seventeen, an overwhelming experience. Frye’s influence on me lasted twenty years but came tumbling down on my thirty-seventh birthday, when I awakened from a nightmare and then passed the entire day in composing a dithyramb, ‘The Covering Cherub.’” – “Preface.” In Essayists and Prophets. Philadelphia, PA: Chelsea House, 2003. Considers Frye’s view of biblical typology. Bloom, Michael. “Woyzeck and Kaspar: The Congruities in Drama and Film.” Literature/Film Quarterly 8, no. 4 (1980): 225–31. “During this century, as Northrop Frye notes, European literature’s centre of gravity has become situated firmly in the ironic mode. This modernist perspective has undoubtedly helped bring about not only the avid critical interest in Büchner and Woyzeck but also the rediscovery of the Kaspar legend, most notably in Peter Handke’s play Kaspar and Werner Herzog’s film Jeder Für Sich und Gott Gegen Alle (Every Man for Himself and God against All).”

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Bloor, Michael, Neil McKeganey, and Dick Fonkert. “Introduction.” One Foot in Eden: A Sociological Study of the Range of Therapeutic Community Practice. London: Routledge, 2019. Glances at Frye’s conception of the literary utopia. Blue, William R. Spanish Comedy and Historical Contexts in the 1620s. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1996. In chapter 2 analyses twenty plays, based on a modification of Frye’s comic mythoi, suggesting that women as well as men can guide the action in these plays. Blyth, Molly. “James Reaney’s Poetic in The Red Heart.” Essays on Canadian Writing 2 (1975): 2–8. Argues that The Red Heart reveals the influence of Frye’s theories, but not to the extent suggested by Alvin Lee’s James Reaney. The Red Heart reveals rather a “mythology which is the daemonic, post-lapsarian counterpart” to Frye’s vision of innocence. Bogdan, Deanne. “Betwixt and Between: Working through the Aesthetic in Philosophy of Education.” George F. Kneller Lecture, Conference of the American Educational Studies Association Savannah, Georgia, 30 October 2008. Educational Studies 46, no. 3 (2010): 291–316. Outlines the three phases of her professional career, the first of which, philosophy of literature, was heavily indebted to Frye. –  “A Case for Re-Educating the Imagination.” Textual Studies in Canada 2 (1992): 211–14. “I wish to put forward the proposition that the legacy of the educated imagination, as enunciated by Frye and the humanist tradition in literary criticism, cannot cope with its own claim to empower student readers at all times and in all situations. Basic assumptions about the intrinsic educational value of literature, which have underwritten the classic defenses of poetry in the history of criticism, are now being thrown open to question by the politics of the engaged reader within an educational setting and reinforced by pedagogies grounded in reader-response theory.” –  “From Stubborn Structure to Double Mirror: The Evolution of Northrop Frye’s Theory of Poetic Creation and Response.” Journal of Aesthetic Education 23 (Summer 1989): 33–43. Examines “the role of the reader in The Great Code and . . . what Frye’s conception of poetic response in it can tell us about his theory of literature.” Discovers that in The Great Code Frye has shifted from his earlier positions on both response and creation. His earlier associations of temporality with centrifugal meaning and spatiality with centripetal meaning have been modified, so that he now encourages

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a direct, participating response no longer separated from the critical response. –  “Is It Relevant and Does It Work? Reconsidering Literature Taught as Rhetoric.” Journal of Aesthetic Education 16 (Winter 1982): 27–39. Argues that Frye’s apology for poetry can help counter the Platonic fallacies about the relationship between art and life. Frye, like Sidney and Shelley, justifies the extrinsic value of literature on the basis of its aesthetic integrity. –  “Let Them Eat Cake.” English Journal 70 (November 1981): 33–40. Outlines Frye’s conception of the centrifugal fallacy in criticism (seeing literary meaning as referring to some extra-literary truth) and the centripetal fallacy (seeing literary meaning as aesthetically self-referential). Discovers that the first fallacy lies behind a great deal of thinking in those current educational theories that seek to make literature relevant (e.g., the Language and Learning Movement) and that the second fallacy appears in educational theories that want to make literary form affect, emotional response, or morality. Argues that both fallacies base the value of art on something that it is not. –  “Literary Response as Dialectic: Modes and Levels of Engagement and Detachment.” Cuadernos de Filología Inglesa 2 (1986): 45–62. An expanded version of “Response to Literature” (see below). Uses Frye’s concepts and some of his language to analyse and classify the different kinds of literary response. –  “Music, McLuhan, Modality: Musical Experience from ‘Extreme Occasion’ to ‘Alchemy.’” Media Tropes 1 (2008): 71–101. EJournal. Bogdan’s notes contain a number of references to Frye’s views on music. –  “Musical/Literary Boundaries in Northrop Frye.” Changing English 6, no. 1 (1999): 57–79. Relates the fugue and the lyric to the principles of Frye’s criticism, particularly his views on centripetal meaning and his notion of the “cultural envelope.” –  “Northrop Frye and the Defence of Literature.” English Studies in Canada 8 (June 1982): 203–14. Examines Frye’s work as a “defence of literature” in the tradition of Sidney and Shelley. Believes Frye’s system resolves the philosophical problem of the Platonic paradox or Socratic dilemma: the poet as a licensed liar. Sees Frye’s contribution to the question of the value of literature in his broad conception of the dialectic between poetic creation and response: in this framework literature can successfully delight without injuring its seriousness and instruct without destroying its integrity. Concludes that Frye resembles Plato himself, in that the true artist becomes the wise man and the ultimate art-form

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becomes the ongoing process of the dialectical action between literature and life. –  “Pygmalion as Pedagogue: Subjectivist Bias in the Teaching of Literature.” English Education 16 (May 1984): 67–75. Argues against the simplistic separation of subjective and objective responses to literature. Calls upon Frye’s conception of the social value of literature to argue that the response to literature should be to its structure as well as its content and that such an approach to literature can lead to valuable practical and pedagogical results. –  “The (Re)Educated Imagination.” In Lee and Denham, Legacy, 84–96. An account of her longstanding and sometimes agonistic relationship with Frye’s idea of the educated imagination from a feminist perspective. Proposes to reconfigure Frye’s view with one that revises the gendered subject/object hierarchy she finds in Frye. –  Re-Educating the Imagination: Toward a Poetics, Politics, and Pedagogy of Literary Engagement. Portsmouth, NH: Boynton/Cook, Heinemann; Toronto: Irwin, 1992. A critique, largely from a feminist perspective, of Frye’s theory of the educated imagination. Although Frye’s presence is felt on practically every page of this book, chapters 3–5 examine specifically Frye’s answers to what Bogdan calls the “metaproblem”: what literature should be taught, why we should teach it, and how it should be taught. –  “Response to Literature.” Paper presented at the 1984 International Federation of Teachers of English Conference, East Lansing, MI. 5 pp. Photoduplicated. Draws upon Frye’s theory of literary value to argue that aesthetic response should be properly conceived as a dialectic of engagement and detachment.

Annual Conference of the Philosophy of Education Society, ed. Audrey Thompson. Normal, IL: Philosophy of Education Society, 1993. An account of a classroom experience in which students reacted to Bogdan’s feminist critique of Frye. Bogdan, Deanne, E. James Cunningham, and Hilary David. “Reintegrating Sensibility: Situated Knowledges and Embodied Readers.” New Literary History 31, no. 3 (Summer 2000): 477–507. This essay seeks to provide a framework for literary sensibility by theorizing an approach to literature that balances emotional response and objectivity. Analyses Frye’s theory about the relationship between reader and text, focusing on the reintegration of sensibility into literary study. Bohm, Arnd. “Northrop Frye: The Consolation of Criticism.” Monatshefte für Deutschsprachige Literatur und Kultur 95, no. 2 (Summer 2003): 310–17. A rereading of Frye’s Anatomy fifty years after. Begins by saying that “even an attentive observer to the current state of literary theory and discussion would be hard put to cite specific instances of Frye having any immediate influence on critical practice.” Concludes by saying that we cannot take Anatomy of Criticism too seriously because it is, by the terms of Frye’s own definition of the anatomy as a fictional form, a satire. Boitani, Piero. “Codex Fryeanus 0-15-136902-X: A Medieval Reading of The Great Code.” In Lombardo, Ritratto, 121–34. Examines the ways in which Frye blends medieval and modern ways of reading in The Great Code. –  “La letteratura del ‘Grande Codice.’” MondOperaio 40 (June 1987): 105–9. In Italian.

–  “A Taxonomy of Responses and Respondents to Literature.” Journal of the Canadian Philosophy of Education Society 1, no. 1 (1987). “This paper grows out of three research interests: the philosophical bases of aesthetic/literary response, a developmental approach to the pedagogical treatment of student responses to literature, and the critical theory of Northrop Frye, in whose work the concepts and some of my terminology originates.”

Boje, David M. Narrative Methods for Organizational and Communication Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2001. Reports on an experiment in which MBA students were asked to write about the plots in Marx’s Das Kapital based on their understanding of Frye’s four mythoi. Summarizes the readings of six students, which illustrate disagreements over whether Marx’s emplotments were tragic, ironic/satiric, or romantic.

–  “Virtual and Actual Forms of Literary Response.” Journal of Aesthetic Education 20, no. 2 (Summer 1986): 51–5. Reveals a substantial debt to Frye’s views on the different kinds of literary response.

Bolin, John. “‘This is not a parable’: Transformations of the Prodigal Son in Turgenev, Dostoevsky, and Coetzee.” Studies in the Novel 50, no. 2 (Summer 2018): 233–54. Ian Watt’s The Rise of the Novel “approvingly cites Northrop Frye’s claim that this is the defining characteristic of the novel: ‘the alliance of time and Western man.’”

–  “When Is a Singing School (Not) a Chorus? The Emancipatory Agenda in Feminist Pedagogy and Literature Education.” In Proceedings of the Forty-Ninth

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Bollinger, Heidi Elisabeth. “Crimes of Racial and Generic Mixing in John A. Williams’s Clifford’s Blues.” Journal of Narrative Theory 44, no. 2 (Summer 2014): 267–303. “Genre theory is rife with metaphors of purity and contamination, incarceration, and racial segregation. In Anatomy of Criticism, Northrop Frye comments, ‘the forms of prose fiction are mixed, like racial strains in human beings.’” Bomher, Noemi. “Critica lui Northrop Frye” [Northrop Frye’s Criticism]. Cronica 8, no. 15 (1973): 12. In Romanian. Bona, Nicolas Dalla. “Carl Jung and Northrop Frye: The Fathers of Archetypes.” Prezi (15 April 2015). https:// prezi.com/wrs032sjvihp/carl-jung-and-northrop-fryethe-fathers-of-archetypes/. Devotes a section to Frye’s archetypal characters, in particular the alazon and eiron, and to the tragic and ironic mythoi. Bonafin, Massimo. “Gli archetipi e i testi: Modelli, metodi, interpretazioni” [Archetypes and Texts: Models, Methods, Interpretations]. L’immagine riflessa: Testi, società, culture 27, nos. 1–2 (January–December 2018): 1–16. In Italian. –  “Materiali per un dialogo postumo tra Northrop Frye e Michail M. Bakhtin.” [Materials for a Posthumous Dialogue between Northrop Frye and Michail M. Bakhtin]. L’immagine riflessa, N.S. 25, nos. 1–2 (2016): 53–66. In Italian. “Although Frye and Bakhtin seem to ignore each other’s writings, there is more than one evidence that their thinking and ideas about literature can be compared and partially superposed. Focusing on Anatomy of Criticism this paper stresses the similarity with Bakhtinian concept of satire and carnivalesque (in a Christian sense), with dialogism and intertextuality; moreover the two thinkers share a comparatistic and anthropological approach to Western literature.” Bond, Garth, et al. “Milton and Poetry: 1603–1660.” The Year’s Work in English Studies 93, no. 1 (2014): 482–520. Bond, Robin. “The Augustan Utopia of Horace and Vergil and the Imperial Dystopia of Petronius and Juvenal.” Scholia: Studies in Classical Antiquity 19 (2010): 31–52. Notes at the beginning Frye’s position that utopias are fundamentally conservative. Bondor, George. “Paul Ricoeur and the Biblical Hermeneutics.” Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies 27 (Winter 2010): 203–18. “The idea of analyzing the text in itself induces the thesis according to which the text exercises a form of authority, which points to the issue of forming the biblical canon. Ricoeur takes over several data from the analysis

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made by Northrop Frye in his book The Great Code. According to Frye, the biblical text constructs its unity along a network of images and metaphors. The literal meaning of the Bible refers only to itself, as a ‘unique, gigantic and complex metaphor.’ The evidence of the Bible’s statements is supported only through the relation between the Old and the New Testament. ‘The two testaments form a double mirror, each reflecting the other one, but none the world outside.’ According to Frye, the Bible’s literal basis exists, but it is not ‘natural’; to be more precise, it does not come from the external world that exists outside the Bible.” Boné, Ferenc. “Áldozat, vallomás, prófécia—Függelék a Javított kiadáshoz” [Sacrifice, Confession, Prophecy— An Appendix to [Péter Esterházy’s novel]. Javított kiadás. Kalligram 5 (2003): 3–32. In Hungarian. Notes Frye’s typological method of interpreting the Bible. Bong, Youl Kim. “Collision of Genres: Three Perspectives on Pamela.” Studies in English Language and Literature 49, no. 4 (2007): 53–70. Considers Richardson’s Pamela from the theory of the novel put forth by Ian Watt, on the one hand, and Claude Lévi-Strauss and Frye, on the other. “Watt maintained that Pamela is the first novel because it satisfies his premises that the novel rose out of Protestantism and capitalism, and that the novel represents formal realism. But Lévi-Strauss and Northrop Frye consider the novel as the exhaustion of myth. Frye considers genre as coming from literary tradition,” in which case the genre of the first novel is not realism. Boon, James A. “The Shift to Meaning.” Review of Meaning in Anthropology, ed. Keith H. Basso and Henry A. Shelby. American Ethnologist 5, no. 2 (2009). “A rich field of candidate criticisms awaits the curious anthropologist: Northrop Frye’s typological genre-mythos theory, which, launched from Frye’s monumental reappraisal of Blake, has expanded deepeningly through the range of variant conventions that organize Western literary, religious, and political imagery. Booth, Laura. “Want a ‘Norrie’ Bobble Head? There’s Only Two Ways to Get One.” Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (24 April 2017): A6. Frye Bobble Heads are given only to Frye Festival board members who have served for a long time and to winners of the festival’s Frye Academy. Booth, Wayne C. “The Use of Criticism in the Teaching of English.” College English 27 (October 1965): 1–13 [5–13]. Sees no evidence for Frye’s claim that there is a total order of literature and an ideal science of criticism.

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“One way to test my misgivings would be to take the five most respectful readers of the Anatomy and give them a work not mentioned by Mr. Frye and ask them to decide whether it is comedy, romance, tragedy, or irony or some combination, and then to describe the archetypes they detect. The chaotic results can be predicted.” As an alternative to Frye’s approach, proposes a more inductive method based on literary response. –  “Preface.” The Knowledge Most Worth Having. Ed. Wayne C. Booth. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967. v–xl. Comments on Frye’s view of general education as contained in his “The Instruments of Mental Production.” Borklund, Elmer. “Frye, (Herman) Northrop.” Contemporary Literary Critics. London: St. James Press; New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1977. 212–18. 2nd ed. [London]: Macmillan 1982. 228–34. A summary of Frye’s critical views, analysed from the perspective of Aristotle’s four causes. The second edition does not change the text but brings the bibliography up to date. Boshego, L.P., and D.W. Lloyd. “G.H. Franz’s Modjadji: Archetypes of Time and the Transcendence of History.” Literator: Journal of Literary Criticism, Comparative Linguistics and Literary Studies 30, no. 3 (2009): 157–78. Calls on Frye’s theory of myth to help interpret Franz’s Modjadji. “Franz seems to be creating a mythical world untied to everyday historical limitations, deliberately. Some of the ideas of the most famous and all-embracing literary myth critic, Northrop Frye, are helpful in this respect.” Bosmajian, Hamida. “Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and Other Excremental Visions.” The Lion and the Unicorn 9 (1985): 36–49. Examines Roald Dahl’s Charlie and the Chocolate Factory from the perspective of Frye’s five modes of action. Bosman, Hendrik L. “The Exodus as Negotiation of Identity and Human Dignity between Memory and Myth.” Hervormde Teologiese Studies 70, no. 1 (2014): 1–6. Frye “considered the Bible to be a ‘gigantic myth’ to escape the false distinction between ‘history’ and ‘story,’ as if the first was equal to ‘fact’ and the second to ‘fiction.’ He distinguished ‘two parallel aspects’ with regards to the concept of ‘myth’: ‘[A] story that is poetic and is recreated in literature’ and as a ‘story with a special function . . . a program of action for a specific society.’ It is interesting that even the Bible as canon is according to Frye a collection of related myths that functioned as an important means to maintain the identity of a culture’s identity.”

Bottez, Monica. “Another Penelope: Margaret Atwood’s The Penelopiad.” University of Bucharest Review: Literary and Cultural Studies Series 1 (2012): 49–56. “We consider that the main purpose of Atwood’s epic is to offer a female counterpart to the archetypal epic/ romance pattern in its ‘threefold structure’ (Frye): the (mythical) hero’s birth (with the possible announcement of an exceptional destiny), the hero’s deeds (preparation, quest, tests of prowess), and reward. [Frye was Atwood’s teacher at Victoria College.] –  “Cyclical Time and Linear Time in Thomas King’s Green Grass, Running Water.” University of Bucharest Review: Literary and Cultural Studies Series 1 (2009): 74–80. “The doctor [in King’s novel] is modelled on Northrop Frye, whose rigid and compartmented theory of literature is the very opposite of the Native tradition that King’s novel embodies. Dr. Hovaugh is uneasy with the Canadian landscape, missing his garden (an allusion to Frye’s book on the Canadian imagination entitled The Bush Garden) and he always looks for ‘occurrences and probabilities and directions and derivations.’ . . . Frye’s emphasis on the importance of archetypes and myths rather than history in his synchronic view of literature as expounded in his Anatomy of Criticism and The Great Code is paralleled by Dr. Hovaugh’s reclusive retreat to his garden which, by association with Eden, suggests his refuge into timelessness and a world of his own making.” –  “Metaphor and Myth: Northrop Frye and the Messianic Interpretation of Psalm 2 and the Psalter.” In OuTestamentiese Werksgemeenskap van Suid-Afrika. Pretoria, 1997. –  “Postmodern Identity in Robert Kroetsch’s Gone Indian.” University of Bucharest Review: Literary and Cultural Studies Series 1 (2006): 115–21. “The pattern (symbolic) death-resurrection that Frye mentions as specific to the hero of romance is repeatedly reinforced” in Gone Indian. Boudjadja, Mohamed. “Autofiction et Double Culture chez Nina Bouraoui” [Autofiction and Double Culture at Nina Bouraoui’s]. Limba și literature—Repere Identitare în Context European 19 (2016): 187–95. In French. Bourget, Jean-Loup. “American Film Genres: Approaches to a Critical Theory of Popular Film.” Positif 190 (February 1977): 76–7. Review of American Film Genres by Stuart M. Kaminsky, who “placed himself under one of the best possible invocations, that of Northrop Frye and his Anatomy of Criticism.” –  “Classical Hollywood Comedy.” Positif 415 (September 1995): 69. Review of Classical Hollywood Comedy under the direction of Kristine Brunovska Karnick and Henry

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Jenkins. Notes that romantic comedy is similar, on the one hand, to Frye’s conception of “new comedy” and, on the other, to melodrama. Bousé, Derek. “Two Brothers.” Film Quarterly 59, no. 3 (Spring 2006): 52–8. Uses Frye’s observation “that at its essence the narrative of the literary Romance has three stages: ‘the perilous journey . . . the crucial struggle . . . and the exaltation of the hero.’” Bové, Paul A. Destructive Poetics: Heidegger and Modern American Poetry. New York: Columbia University Press, 1980. ix, 49, 109–10. Sees Frye’s archetypal criticism as “only the completion of the New Critical impulse to stabilize literary conventions to produce meaning.” Claims that for Frye literature is “hermetic and nonrelational.” Observes a parallel between Frye’s theory of modes and Cleanth Brooks’s interpretation of Yeats. –  “Misprisions of Utopia: Messianism, Apocalypse, and Allegory.” Field Day Review 6 (2010): 70–93. On the intimate connection between Frye’s view of allegory and that of Fredric Jameson. –  “The Novel, the State, and the Professions: On Reading Bruce Robbins.” Comparative Literature 62, no. 2 (Spring 2010): 179–88. Places Robbins in the tradition of Frye’s grand project. Bozedean, Corina. “Pour une approche litteraire de l’imaginaire du mineral” [For a Literary Approach to the Mineral Imagination]. Journal of Romanian Literary Studies 4 (2014): 154–9. In French. On the strong symbolic values in the imagery of the mineral world, which is one of the levels of Frye’s great chain of being. Božić, Jadranka. “Menipeja, karneval, skandal: Homo festivus i homo fantasia” [Menipea, Carnival, Scandal: Homo Festivus and Homo Fantasia]. Kultura 126, no. 2 (2010): 117–34. In Bosnian. Sees Frye as providing the impetus for discussing the Menippean satire. Bowering, George. “Why James Reaney Is a Better Poet (1) Than Any Northrop Frye Poet (2) Than He Used to Be.” Canadian Literature 36 (Spring 1968): 40–9. Rpt. in Bowering, A Way with Words. N.p.: Oberon Press, 1982. 24–36. A critique of what Bowering calls the “Frye school” of Canadian poets—poets who are overconscious about myth and critical theory in constructing their verse. Objects to Frye’s stressing that literature is made out of other literature. Claims that for Frye and for the poets influenced by him poetry is without moral content or experiential reference and criticism is nothing more than a game.

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Bowman, Frank Paul. “Utopie, imagination, espérance: Northrop Frye, Ernst Bloch, Judith Schlanger” [Utopia, Imagination, Hope: Northrop Frye, Ernst Bloch, Judith Schlanger]. Littérature 21 (February 1976): 10–19 [11–15]. In French. Contrasts the theories of utopia of Frye, Bloch, and Schlanger. Says that Frye gives a rigorous theoretical elaboration of the literary form but that he risks emptying the utopia of its problems and its contents. Summarizes Frye’s essay “Varieties of Literary Utopias.” Bown, Alfie. “Mr Wopsle’s Comic Hamlet and Pip as Comic Narrator.” The Dickensian 112, no. 500 (Winter 2016): 230–42. “Dickens’s comedy has been framed in relation to that of Shakespeare. Shakespearean comedies have been read as characterised by a hidden organic unity between the characters, making everything come to its rightful resolution at the end of each play, no matter how disruptive the temporary comic chaos may have been. As Leo Salingar writes, ‘whilst this kind of ending is conventional in comedy, what is strongly or distinctively Shakespearean is the accompanying suggestion of harmonization with the natural order. In these readings, comedy is a liberating departure from norms, which acts as a kind of safety-valve that allows normative society to continue unharmed.’ In 1969 Northrop Frye made this point about Dickens in relation to Shakespeare and suggests a contrast between the two writers, claiming that ‘whilst Shakespeare’s green world may be interested in revitalizing society without altering its structure, Dickens’s world does not have this conserving force.’” Boyagoda, Randy. ‘The Anatomy of a Scholar.” National Post (7 April 2009). “In his sarcastically titled ‘Pity the Northrop Frye Scholar,’ Robert Denham vigorously undermines the notion that Frye has become little more than another Dead White Male.” Boyarkina, Iren. “Utopia in the Future Histories of H.G. Wells and Olaf Stapledon.” Foundation 47, no. 129 (2018): 6–19. Draws on Frye’s definition, in his taxonomy of genres, of the Menippean satire. Boyd, David. “Mode and Meaning in 2001.” Journal of Popular Film 6, no. 3 (1 January 1978): 202–16. Uses Frye’s theory of modes to illuminate Kubrick’s film. Boyd, David, and Imre Salusinszky, eds. Rereading Frye: The Published and Unpublished Works. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1999. Papers that originated from a research seminar at the University of Newcastle, Australia, in July 1994. Boyer, Ronald L. “The Sign of Jonah: Initiatory Symbolism in Biblical Mythopoetics.” Coreopsis: A

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Journal of Myth & Theater 6, no. 2 (Autumn 2017): 1–22. “The interpretive framework for this literary analysis is grounded in a cross-cultural, trans-medial, multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary perspective derived from the psychological criticism of Carl G. Jung and scholars influenced by Jung’s archetypal theories, including Joseph Campbell (comparative mythology/ literary mythology), Mircea Eliade (history of religions), Northrop Frye (archetypal literary criticism), and others. The study contributes to an interdisciplinary hermeneutic of archetypal, mythico-ritual imagery found in dreams, fairy tales, and religious myths and rituals, as well as literary and film narratives.” (from author’s abstract) Boys, Mary C. “Principles and Pedagogy in Biblical Study.” Religious Education 77 (September–October 1982): 487–507 [489–90]. Argues for the necessity of reading the Bible as, among other things, a work of literature that transcends time, using Frye’s concepts of the non-linear and imaginative nature of literature to reinforce the claim. Bracken, Christopher. “Reconciliation Romance: A Study in Juridical Theology.” Qui Parle 24, no. 1 (Fall 2015): 1–29. “Fredric Jameson borrows the notion of ‘mode’ from Northrop Frye, who maintains that ‘in every age’ a ruling class projects ‘its ideals’ in some version of romance, such as the ‘chivalric romance’ of ‘the Middle Ages,’ ‘the ‘aristocratic romance’ of ‘the renaissance,’ the ‘bourgeois romance’ of ‘the eighteenth century,’ or the ‘revolutionary romance’ of ‘mid-twentiethcentury Russia.’ Romance, for both Jameson and Frye, is fundamentally iterable. It can graft itself anywhere. It disseminates. It harbors ‘a genuinely “proletarian” element’ that restlessly seeks out new audiences and adapts to new contexts: ‘no matter how great a change may take place in society,’ Frye explains, ‘romance will turn up again, as hungry as ever, looking for new hopes and desires to feed on.’ “The problem is to determine what hopes and desires the reconciliation romance is feeding on now.” Frye notes that a typical romance is a quest that unfolds in three stages: a perilous journey; a crucial struggle in which the hero or his enemy, or both, have to die; and a recognition scene in which the hero is exalted. The recognition scene usually brings about a moment of reconciliation in which the hero and his enemy acknowledge each other as friends. But the moral transformation of the hero lies at the heart of the quest. The hero, who is usually, but not necessarily, a young man, suffers a lapse and is regenerated under the guidance of an older, wiser person, a parent figure.” Brackett, Virginia. “Jung, Campbell, and Frye: Recognizing the Hero’s Journey in YA Literature.” Dr. Bickmore’s

YA Wednesday [blog]. http://www.yawednesday.com/ blog/jung-campbell-and-frye-recognizing-the-herosjourney-in-ya-literature. “Savvy authors and teachers understand that readers’ early and repeated exposure to the quest plot, aka the hero’s journey, makes its elements and stages familiar and reliable for continued use in story-telling. We learn its patterns and feel comfortable as we encounter them at all levels, in most cases subconsciously cataloguing elements and their symbolic significance. We owe that ability to twentiethcentury philosopher Joseph Campbell. Campbell studied tales from many cultures and recognized repeated patterns, which he collected into a ‘monomyth’—one myth composed of elements shared world-wide. Close similarities in the mythology of disconnected cultures seem startling until we consider all focus on our shared human condition. We all fear, hope, celebrate and mourn. Work by Campbell, Carl Jung, and Northrop Frye can help us better understand the usefulness of such patterns, especially to young readers.” –  “Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray as Secular Scripture.” Wildean: A Journal of Oscar Wilde Studies 32 (January 2008): 43–56. –  “Romantic Archetypes in Peppermints in the Parlor.” Mosaic 34, no. 2 (June 2001): 165–79. An analysis of romantic archetypes in Barbara Brooks Wallace’s Peppermints in the Parlor that draws from Carl Jung, Northrop Frye, and Joseph Campbell, among others. Bradley, Adam James, and Ullyot, Michael. “Machines and Humans, Schemes and Tropes.” Early Modern Literary Studies 20, no. 2 (May 2018): 299–301. “A challenge of this interdisciplinary method, however, is the difficulty of bridging the discrete yet interrelated epistemologies of literature and scientific inquiry. David N. Wear calls these ‘different ways we see the world . . . our constitutive metaphors.’ Northrop Frye identifies them as imagination (for literary arts) and reason (for science). . . . I.A. Richards distinguishes scientific from literary writing with the same reference to the writer’s imagination or feelings. . . . Both Richards and Frye make these distinctions in order to advocate for more rigorous and regularized methods of textual analysis, a ‘science of literature’ that compares literary criticism (analysis of texts) to physics (analysis of nature). Frye even posits that ‘the poet’s job is not to describe nature, but to show you a world completely absorbed and possessed by the human mind.’” Braga, Adriana. “Mind as Medium: Jung, McLuhan and the Archetype.” Philosophies 1, no. 3 (2016): 220–7. Examines the influence of Frye’s notion of the archetype on Marshall McLuhan.

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Braga, Corin. “Altérité et imaginaire” [Otherness and the Imaginary]. Caietele Echinox 36 (2019): 21–33. “The archetypologies of Gaston Bachelard, Northrop Frye, Mircea Eliade, Joseph Campbell, or Gilbert Durand are synoptic macrostructures which offer typologies and taxonomies for constellations of images, symbols, figures, etc., staged by the creators and teachers of mythological or fiction universes. On the other hand, the superstructures are formal diagrams that provide the framework organization of texts at different structural levels from the prosody of verse and from and tropes such as metaphor, metonymy, and irony.” –  “Du Paradis Terrestre a l’utopie: Avatars Migrants du Theme du ‘ Lieu Parfait.’” Journal: Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai—Philologia 55, no. 2 (2010): 105–13. In French. Glances at Frye’s distinction in “Varieties of Literary Utopia” between Sidney’s Arcadia and More’s Utopia. –  “Jules Verne et la fin d’une tradition—Du Paradis interdit a l’anti-utopie scientist” [Jules Verne and the End of a Tradition: From the Forbidden Paradise to the Scientistic Anti-Utopia]. Caietele Echinox 9 (2005): 171–99. In French. “According to Frye, Christianity is polarized between two myths, that of the origins and that of the end, or that of the Garden of Eden and that of the City of God. The myth of creation is the equivalent of a contract between God and humanity; a breach of contract caused the Fall. Humanism opposes these terms with another set: the social contract and the Utopia.” –  10 studii de arhetipologie. Cluj-Napoca: Dacia, 1999. In Romanian. “Frye projects an anatomy of criticism, a true image of invariants that can be found in all literary works since antiquity.” Likens Frye’s work to that of Adrian Marino, “a project in which comparative literature is ‘recapitulated’ in a theory and poetics of world literature by extracting invariants common to all European, Asian, African literature.” –  ‘“A Thousand and One Nights’—An Anarchetypal Epos.” Caietele Echinox 20 (2011): 277–86. “In thematic terms, all the great myths, whether archaic or modern, may form an archetypal scenario, as happens with Joseph’s episode from the Book of Genesis in Thomas Mann’s Joseph and His Brothers, or with the Homeric Odyssey in James Joyce’s Ulysses. It was not by chance that Northrop Frye saw the Bible as the ‘great code’ of European literature. World literature may thematically be divided into large corpuses of texts whose familial gene derives from an archetypal pattern.” Brandabur, A. Clare, and Nassar AlHassan Athamneh. “Problems of Genre in The Seven Pillars of Wisdom:

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A Triumph.” Comparative Literature 52, no. 4 (Fall 2000): 321–38. Based on Frye’s definition of the four forms of fiction, argues that Lawrence’s Seven Pillars is a confession. Brandtzæg, Siv GØril. “Aversion to Imitation: The Rise of Literary Hierarchies in Eighteenth-Century Novel Reviews.” Forum for Modern Language Studies 51, no. 2 (2015): 171–85. Braun, Will. “The Long Path Back to the Bible.” Canadian Mennonite 19, no. 19 (28 September 2015): 11. “The Bible . . . behaves poorly as an historical account. Scholar Northrop Frye writes that, if the Bible were intended as a history text book, it would be a badly flawed one, with differing accounts of creation, numerous inconsistencies between the gospel accounts and many details left out.” Braund, Susanna Morton. “The Solitary Feast: A Contradiction in Terms?” Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 41, no. 1 (1996): 37–52. “It is only his fall which causes Knemon [in Menander’s Dyskolas] to change from his selfish (or, as he would have it, self-sufficient) attitude. And it is typical of the genre of comedy that at the end this misanthropic misfit is reintegrated into society by his participation in the dance and the wedding,” which Frye describes in Anatomy of Criticism as the reintegration of the blocking character. Brautović, Helena. “Intertekstualnost drama Aut Cezar i Lear, Bivši Kralj Žarka Milenića” [Intertextuality in Žarko Milenić’s dramas Out Ceznar and Lear, Former King]. Riječ 3–4 (2013): 97–109. In Serbian. Calls on Frye’s theory of modes from the First Essay of Anatomy of Criticism. Braz, Albert. “The Missing Continent: Canadian Literature and Inter-American Identity.” Paper presented at the Conferências do Núcleo de Estudos Canadenses (NEC), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil, November 2007. Says that it has become fashionable to dismiss Frye’s famous 1965 claim that Canada is “less perplexed by the question ‘Who am I?’ than by some such riddle as ‘Where is here?” which supposedly is not only dated but also misleading. Argues, however, that Frye’s teaser remains as pertinent as ever, since Canada continues to be extremely ambivalent about its spatial location. –  “United in Oppression: Religious Strife and Group Identity in the Cavan Blazers.” Literature & Theology 16, no. 2 (June 2002): 160–71. “In his celebrated 1965 essay ‘Conclusion’ to a Literary History of Canada,” Northrop Frye writes that ‘Religion has been a major—perhaps the major—cultural force in Canada, at least down to the last generation or two.’ Religion, though, has now

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become one of the great non-factors in both scholarly and literary examinations of Canada’s cultural life, as elsewhere in the Western world.” Brebanović, Predrag. “Antitetički kanon.” Reč 79 (2009): 75–105. Frye’s views on the Western canon as opposed to others’ views, particularly Harold Bloom’s. –  “Književnost kao biblija” [The Bible as Literature]. Reč 80, no. 26 (2010): 19–32. In Bosnian. Frye’s writing on the Bible and literature is treated alongside that of other eminent literary critics: Harold Bloom, Robert Alter, Eric Auerbach, and Frank Kermode. Bregman, Alvan, and Caroline Haythornthwaite. “Radicals of Presentation in Persistent Conversation.” Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 3–6 January 2001, Maui, Hawaii. Washington, DC: IEEE Computer Society, 2001. Online at http:// alexia.lis.uiuc.edu/~haythorn/HICSS01_radicals.html. Beginning with the idea from Frye’s genre theory about radicals of presentation or root characteristics, the authors propose three of such radicals that are persistent in conversation: visibility, relation, and copresence. Bresky, Adolfo de Nordenflycht, and Hugo Herrera Pardo. “Poesía de la distancia en Valparaíso: Exilio, memoria y lugar de enunciación en Eduardo Embry, Luis Mizón y Osvaldo Rodríguez Musso” [Poetry of the Distance in Valparaíso: Exile, Memory and Place of Enunciation in Eduardo Embry, Luis Mizón and Osvaldo Rodríguez Musso]. Taller de Letras 52 (2013): 69–84. In Spanish. Poetic language is often related to ritual. For Frye ethical criticism associates the individual and the social perspectives, incorporating ritual into his theory of “ethical criticism”: “poetry unites the social rite or unlimited social action with the total dream or unlimited individual thought.” Breton, Rob. “Utopia and Thomas Carlyle’s ‘Ancient Monk.’” English Language Notes 51, no. 1 (Spring– Summer 2013): 211–22. “To admit and study the utopian program or its near realization in Thomas Carlyle’s Past and Present, section II, ‘The Ancient Monk,’ is not to claim that Carlyle was a utopianist or that he was especially attracted to the idea of utopia. Judging only by the way he undermines ideals, insisting on ‘mournfullest barren realities,’ and is quick to point out flaws in his heroes, it is apparent that Carlyle did not think in terms of perfection or perfectibility. Defining utopia, Northrop Frye points out that ‘The popular view of utopia, and the one which in practice is accepted by many if not most utopia writers, is that a utopia is an ideal or flawless state, not only logically consistent

in its structure but permitting as much freedom and happiness for its inhabitants as is possible to human life.’ Here, Breton argues that the utopianizing or totalizing features of Carlyle’s thought constitute the radical element of his radical conservatism and suggests that the utopianism of ‘The Ancient Monk’ exemplifies nineteenth-century concepts of radicalism, whether conservative or not.” Brewster, Scott. The Lyric. London: Routledge, 2009. Looks at Frye’s definition of the lyric according to its “radical of presentation” (poets speak with their backs to the audience and are overheard) and considers also Frye’s thesis about the musical boundaries of the lyric (melos), its pictorial boundaries (opsis), and the primordial forms of each (babble and doodle). Brezicki, Colin G. “The Pilot Light: Teaching for Life.” Phi Delta Kappan 92, no. 6 (1 March 2011): 80. “Northrop Frye spoke of ‘the powers of repression in the student’s mind that keep him from knowing what he knows.’ But what of the powers of repression in the teacher’s mind that keep him or her from knowing what he or she knows, that keep us all from teaching and learning gladly?” Brian, Thomas. An Underground Fate. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1988. Applies Frye’s critical taxonomies to Graham Green’s fiction. Bricker, Andrew Benjamin. “Is Narrative Essential to the Law? Precedent, Case Law and Judicial Emplotment.” Law, Culture and the Humanities 15, no. 2 (June 2019): 319–31. “Emplotment for [Hayden] White involves the recasting of the historical record into an identifiable explanatory narrative structure. ‘Emplotment is the way by which a sequence of events fashioned into a story is gradually revealed to be a story of a particular kind,’ he writes, and proposes, after Northrop Frye, at least four ‘modes of emplotment’: romance, tragedy, comedy and satire. Historians, in effect, actively shape the unprocessed historical record into a preexisting or seemingly archetypal model.” Bridgeman, Mary. “Brigman Award Winner—Forged in Love and Death: Problematic Subjects in the Vampire Diaries.” Journal of Popular Culture 46, no. 1 (2013): 3–19. The epigraph to this paper is from Frye’s The Secular Scripture: “The improbable, desiring, erotic, and violent world of romance reminds us that we are not awake when we have abolished the dream world: we are awake only when we have absorbed it again.” Brienza, Susan D., and Peggy A. Knapp. “Imagination Lost and Found: Beckett’s Fiction and Frye’s Anatomy.” MLN 95 (May 1980): 980–94. Seeks to determine whether

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Frye’s theory of fictional modes is adequate to account for Beckett’s “Imagination Dead Imagine,” “Ping,” and “The Lost Ones.” Discovers that these “stories” are displaced myths and that Frye’s criteria for the ironic and satiric mythoi do define many of the characteristics of Beckett’s fiction written in the 1960s. Brljak, Vladimir. “The Review of English Studies Prize Essay: The Satanic ‘or’: Milton and Protestant AntiAllegorism.” The Review of English Studies 66, no. 275 (2015): 403–22. Glances at Frye’s commentary on Satan’s use of the word “allegory” in Paradise Lost. Brill, Lesley. The Hitchcock Romance. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988. Offers a corrective to those critics who conceive of Hitchcock primarily as an ironist, not simply because he identifies the centrality of the romance narrative in Hitchcock’s works, but because he offers an account of the place of irony within them through the category of the mixed romance. His analysis of the mixed romance is developed from the literary theory of Frye, where romance and irony are conceived as contrasting narrative archetypes that can conjoin in any text. –  “Hitchcock and Romance.” In A Companion to Alfred Hitchcock, ed. Thomas Leitch and Leland Poague. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. 89–108. Uses Frye’s mythoi or pre-generic elements of narrative to examine the genre of Hitchcock’s films. –  “North by Northwest and Hitchcockian Romance.” Film Criticism 6, no. 3 (Spring 1982): 1–17. Discussion of romance relies heavily on Frye’s account of the heroic quest. Bringhurst, Robert. “Reading between the Books: Northrop Frye and the Cartography of Literature.” In Educating the Imagination: Northrop Frye Past, Present, and Future, ed. Alan Bewell, Neil Ten Kortenaar, and Germaine Warkentin. Montreal and Kingston: McGillQueen’s University Press, 2015. 16–35. An eloquent defence of Frye’s central tenets, as against the position of such postmodern critics as Christopher Norris, that literature is real and that it constitutes a whole that can be charted. Frye is “one of the great modern cartographers and taxonomists of reality.” He had no interest in disciples, but he does offer those who come after the opportunity to correct the map and fill in its missing features. Bristol, Michael D. “From Politics to Sensibility.” Chapter 7 of Shakespeare’s America, America’s Shakespeare. New York: Routledge, 2014. 167–88. Juxtaposes Frye’s view of Shakespeare with that of Harry Levin, C.L. Barber, and others.

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–  Review of Shakespeare and Literary Theory by Jonathan Gil Harris. Shakespeare Quarterly 64, no. 1 (Spring 2013): 99–101. “Theories are comprehensive explanatory models that pertain to a well-defined object domain. In this sense, it is not altogether clear what would count as a specifically literary theory. Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism was a notable attempt at the comprehensive ordering of the literary universe. A close friend and colleague recently described Frye as ‘the Darwin of literary studies.’ If that’s true, then Frye still hasn’t yet found a Thomas Huxley to be his bulldog. Frye’s work is nowhere mentioned in Shakespeare and Literary Theory, even though he published widely on Shakespeare. Harold Bloom’s Anxiety of Influence—also not mentioned—might also be a kind of analogue to the idea of natural selection that could fit in with Frye’s more comprehensive theory, despite its willfully obscure vocabulary and the general messed-up-ness of Bloom’s ideas.” Brivic, Sheldon. “Badiou and the Multiple Subject of Joyce’s Ulysses.” In Revolutionary Damnation: Badiou and Irish Fiction from Joyce to Enright. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2017. Regarding Stephen Dedalus’s mentioning Adam Kadmon in Joyce’s Ulysses, Brivic writes, “Northrop Frye, in Fearful Symmetry, says of Adam Kadmon that this ‘universal man who contained within his limbs all heaven and earth’ is central to Blake’s vision and to all poetic mythology. So one cannot develop a model of imaginative thought without it. Frye adds, ‘whether we see the larger unit as one man or as a multitude of individuals is a matter of perspective.’” Brković, Dragana Kršenković. “Međusobna povezanost tekstova: Mitsko zaleđe i arhetipska simbolika E.S. [Eduarda Sama]” [The Shaping of a Text’s Meaning by Another Text: Mythical Hinterland and Archetypal Symbolism of E.S.]. Folia Linguistica et Litteraria 23 (2018): 91–108. In Croatian. On Frye’s understanding of the archetype as symbol. Brnardić, Ana, Sead Begović, Damir Radić, Dubravka Đurić, and Branko Maleš. [Review] “Kritički pristupi: Poezija—Časopis pjesničke prakse]. Critical Approaches: Poetry—Journal of Poetry Practice 1–2 (2010): 105–12. In Croatian. “Frye says that in satire, the irony is militant. Satire wears elements of aggression, attack, symbolic destruction of order, wounded conventions. Or, as the poet quite directly says in the song ‘How to Become a Satirist,’ the satirist has a wasp sting on top of language.” Brnčić, Jadranka. “‘Živa’ i ‘mrtva’ metafora” [“Live” and “Dead” Metaphor]. Filozofska istraživanja 129 (2013): 21–36. In Bosnian. Notes that in Anatomy of Criticism

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Frye uses the word “hypothetical” to refer to things fictional or poetic. Brodie, Ian. “Pretend News, False News, Fake News: The Onion as Put-On, Prank, and Legend.” Journal of American Folklore 131, no. 522 (Fall 2018): 451–9. Draws on Frye’s view of satire, which links the realistic to a parallel world more expressly motivated by ‘stereotypes, fossilized beliefs, superstitious errors, crank theories, pedantic dogmatisms, oppressive fashions, and all the other things that impede the free movement of society.’” Brody, Jules. “Fate, Philology, Freud.” Philosophy and Literature 38, no. 1 (April 2014): 1–29. “After Freud and Ricoeur, Northrop Frye is one of the few writers on the subject to have faced up to the implications of tragedy’s scandalous theology. The tragic hero, he tells us, ‘enters a world in which existence is itself tragic, not existence modified by an act, deliberate or unconscious; merely to exist is to disturb the balance of nature.’ In this perspective, which is also Freud’s and Ricoeur’s, flaw-hunting must be denounced for what it is: a futile exercise in the denial of a millennial existential paradox, a desperate last-ditch effort to repress the suspicion that life and the human condition may in fact be devoid of meaning.” Brogan, Jacqueline Vaught. “Hemingway’s In Our Time: A Cubist Anatomy.” Hemingway Review 17, no. 2 (Spring 1998): 31–46. A reading of Hemingway’s short story collection from the point of view of its genre as an anatomy, in Frye’s sense. Brooke-Rose, Christine. “Historical Genres/Theoretical Genres.” New Literary History 8 (Autumn 1976): 145–59 [145–9]. Rpt. in Brooke-Rose, A Rhetoric of the Unreal: Studies in Narrative and Structure, Especially of the Fantastic. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1981. 55–71. On Frye’s theory of modes and the criticism of this theory by Todorov. “Frye’s theory of modes is a theory of historical modes, not theoretical modes. Inasmuch as Frye tells us explicitly that it is historical (and even cyclical), Todorov’s criticism is unjustified. Inasmuch as Frye calls his critical work theoretical, Todorov is right.” Brooks-Motl, Hannah. “From the Middle Distance: Sylvia Townsend Warner’s War Pastorals.” Modernism/ modernity 26, no. 2 (April 2019): 289–304. “Pastoral’s persistence was remarked upon by Northrop Frye, who declared it one of the ‘central conventions of literature at every stage of its development.’” Brooks, David. “Value-Judgments and Literature.” The Sydney Society of Literature and Aesthetics 1 (1991):

39–59. Paper given to the Inaugural Colloquium of the Sydney Society of Literature and Aesthetics, 4–5 October 1990, 39–59. “Frye excluded value-judgements from his system of literary criticism on the ground that they are subjective, and therefore not directly communicable.” Brooks, Kevin. “National Culture and the Firstyear English Curriculum: A Historical Study of ‘Composition’ in Canadian Universities.” American Review of Canadian Studies 32, no. 4 (Winter 2002): 673–94. Includes a discussion of the role Frye played in the changing views of teaching composition in Canadian universities in the 1950s and 1960s. Brown, Ashley. “Eudora Welty and the Mythos of Summer.” Shenandoah 20 (Spring 1969): 29–35. Sees Welty’s The Robber Bridegroom as an excellent example of Frye’s mode of romance—the mythos of summer. Brown, Louise. “‘Key to Education’ Is Love of Learning.” Toronto Star (10 May 1987): A1. Reports on an interview of Frye by Bill Schiller. The interview is published in Collected Works 24: 821–5. Brown, Molly. “Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Hidden Stories and the Hidden Star.” Mousaion 26, no. 2 (2008): 162–76. An analysis of K. Sello Duiker’s The Hidden Star, which is about the adventures of an eleven-year-old named Nolitye. Before she can regain contact with her true mother, Nolitye has to descend into the underworld, “a variant of what Northrop Frye calls the ‘night world, often a dark and labyrinthine world of caves and shadows where the forest has turned subterranean, and where we are surrounded by the shapes of animals.’ If the meandering and descent patterns of Paleolithic caves, along with the paintings on their walls, have anything like the same kind of significance, Frye argues, ‘we are here retracing what are, so far as we know, the oldest imaginative steps of humanity.’” Brown, Paula. “Gnostic Magic in Jonathan Strange and Mr. Norrell.” Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts 23, no. 2 (2012): 239–59. This study of Susanna Clarke’s novel is informed throughout by Frye’s view of romance. Brown, Russell M. “The Northrop Frye Effect.” In Northrop Frye’s Canadian Literary Criticism and Its Influence, ed. Branko Gorjup. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009. 279–302. A three-part essay that treats (1) the influence of Frye on James Reaney and other poets, (2) Frye’s relation to thematic criticism of Canadian literature, and (3) Frye’s “profound effect on the perception and study of Canada’s literary culture.”

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

–  “The Practice and Theory of Canadian Thematic Criticism: A Reconsideration.” University of Toronto Quarterly 70, no. 2 (Spring 2001): 653–89. An extensive analysis of thematic criticism, as it was said to have been institutionalized by Frye, Margaret Atwood, David Jones, John Moss, and others, and then attacked by a series of detractors. Urges a more careful consideration of the different meanings of “theme” and proposes three expanded types of thematic criticism: explicative, comparative, and corpus. –  “‘The Seriousness of Things beyond Your Understanding.’” University of Toronto Quarterly 70, no. 4 (Fall 2001): 802–12. Discusses the element of the visionary that runs through Frye, James Reaney, and other Canadian writers. –  “Systems and Cities.” University of Toronto Quarterly 74, no. 4 (Fall 2005): 881–3. “If a history of American theology can be traced from Puritanism to existentialism to consumerism, Linda Munk [in her review of Frye’s Notebooks and Lectures on the Bible] turns our attention to theology as more formally construed, arguing that Northrop Frye’s religious writing does not stand up to rigorous examination. Her rereading of Frye is an invitation to pursue another avenue . . . for inquiry into Canada’s intellectual inheritance, and Frye is one of the shapers of a context we have come to take for granted in Canada, and we need to ask how Canadian cultural thought looks in terms of the reassessments of Frye now taking place.” Brown, Stephen. “Selling Poetry by the Pound: T.S. Eliot and The Waste Land Brand.” Consumption Markets & Culture, 3 April 2015, 1–16. –  “Bow to Stern: Can Literary Theory Plumb an Unfathomable Brand?” Marketing Theory 15, no. 4 (2015): 445–64. Brown, Stephen, and Adriana Campelo. “Do Cities Have Broad Shoulders? Does Motown Need a Haircut? Urban Branding and the Personification of Place.” Journal of Macromarketing 34, no. 4 (2014): 421–34. The authors say that Frye’s view of personification is “nothing less than the cradle of civilization.” Browne, Timothy Di Leo. “National Style in the Architecture of Parliament: Whose Nation, Whose Style?” Canadian Journal of Urban Research, suppl. Ottawa Studies Special Issue 25, no. 1 (Summer 2016): 49–62. Notes the gendering of the landscape in Frye’s commentaries on Canadian literature. Brož, Jaroslav. “Biblická interpretace po začátku 21. století: Stav a vize” [The Biblical Interpretation at the Beginning

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of the 21st Century: The Status and a Vision]. Acta Universitatis Carolinae Theologica 2 (2014): 179–95. Notes the new emphasis on the Bible and literature that grew out of the attention accorded in the 1970s to literary theory and philosophical hermeneutics, such as in the work of Frye and Stephen Prickett. Bruce, Jean. “Home Improvement Television: Holmes on Homes Makes It Right.” Canadian Journal of Communication 34, no. 1 (2009): 79–94. “In blending genres, Holmes on Homes [a Canadian home improvement TV show] is equally concerned with melodrama’s aim to locate and articulate the ‘moral occult’ of home renovation. The documentary effect is balanced with the melodramatic tone of the series; thus ‘renovations gone wrong’ becomes the primary narrative obstacle, but not in the sense of reality TV’s ‘stories of transformation.’ Rather, the obstacle operates as a pretext for the melodramatic rescue Holmes performs. This is more in keeping with Northrop Frye’s description of the central theme of melodrama as ‘the triumph of moral virtue over villainy, and the consequent idealizing of the moral views assumed to be held by the audience.’ While Frye claims condescendingly that audiences do not take melodrama seriously enough to do them any real harm, Peter Brooks, in contrast, argues that the melodrama’s dramatization of a villainous nightmare world is quite personal and worthy of greater attention.” Bruce, Susan. “Shakespeare: The Comedies.” In Teaching Shakespeare and Early Modern Dramatists, ed. Andrew Hiscock and Lisa Hopkins. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. 75–90. Notes that Frye’s understanding of Shakespearean comedy is related to archetypal myths. Such comedy had a tripartite structure, beginning with disorder, moving to a “green world” outside of culture, and returning to the courtly world of culture. Brueggemann, Walter, and Amy Erickson. “The Disclosure of Binding.” The Creative Word: Canon as a Model for Biblical Education. Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg Fortress Publishers, 2015. 19–55. Notes that Frye’s dialectic of the “myth of concern” and the “myth of freedom” is crucial for understanding the Torah as gospel. Bruns, Gerald L. “Voices of Construction: On Susan Howe’s Poetry and Poetics (A Citational Ghost Story).” Contemporary Literature 50, no. 1 (Spring 2009): 28–53. “Years ago, Northrop Frye wrote, ‘Poems can only be made out of other poems, novels out of other novels’: all of literary history is a recomposition of received texts. Likewise Howe and her Emily Dickinson: ‘Forcing, abbreviating, pushing, padding, subtracting,

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riddling, interrogating, re-writing, she [Dickinson] pulled text from text,’ an activity that produces or reflects something more complex than the structuralist’s ‘intertextuality.’” –  Review of Radical Indecision: Barthes, Blanchot, Derrida, and the Future of Criticism by Leslie Hill. Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews (1 March 2010). https://ndpr. nd.edu/news/radical-indecision-barthes-blanchotderrida-and-the-future-of-criticism/. “Hill insists indecision is not indecisiveness but responsibility to the alterity of the particular text. For someone of my age his project recalls Northrop Frye’s argument in the Anatomy of Criticism (1957) that criticism should consist in the comparative and contrastive analyses of literary texts, not in evaluative judgments: philological attention to the details of the text against a background of historical research whose horizon extends from Homer to the most refractory experiments in recent European and North American poetry—this is what the once and future practice of criticism comes down to, and one cannot imagine that this philological/historical principle does not have a place in most humanistic disciplines, including philosophy.” Brūzgienė, Rūta. “The Musicality of Literature and the Semiotics of Music.” In Readings in Numanities [sic], ed. Oana Andreica and Alin Olteanu. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2018. 145–57. Notes that in Frye’s theory of myth there are two poles, the apocalyptic and the demonic. Brydon, Diana. “It’s Time for a New Set of Questions.” Essays on Canadian Writing 71 (Fall 2000): 14–25. Examines the issues concerning the state of Canadian literature and literary criticism, including the influence of Frye. –  “Mobile Localities beyond Monocultures of the Mind.” Localities 4 (1 November 2014): 7–49. “Employing insights from contemporary postcolonial, decolonial, and indigenous theory, argues that home, identity, and the politics of naming “here”—in the sense of Frye’s famous question about Canadian identity, Where is here?—are emerging as complex “mobile localities” with implications for how a globalizing world is understood. The Cartesian reasoning that enabled Eurocentric perspectives to lay sole claim to universality is now being challenged. Bubeníček, Petr. “Alegorické a reálné v románu a filmu Cesta” [The Allegorical and the Real in the Novel and the Film The Road]. Bohemica litteraria 1 (2018): 156–68. In Czech. On the two worlds in Frye’s theory of romance that are realized in Cormac McCarthy’s The

Road: the world of innocence, light, and happiness and the demonic world of darkness, experience, and pathos. Buccola, Regina. “Introduction.” “A Midsummer Night’s Dream”: A Critical Guide. New York: Continuum, 2010. 1–14. “A Midsummer Night’s Dream stands as the most conventional of comedies. Indeed, one can study an array of comic conventions in the course of studying this play. To begin at the ending, the play concludes with the joyous celebration of a triple wedding; happy marriages, either planned or celebrated, are characteristic of the final scenes of comedies even in today’s favourite entertainment genre, film. In Shakespeare’s era, the classical tradition of new comedy featured the generational conflict that figures so prominently in A Midsummer Night’s Dream, in which the elder generation has to be coaxed and cajoled into agreement with the desires of the younger generation, often with respect to their romantic choices. In the formulations of Northrop Frye and C.L. Barber, the excursion of the four young lovers of A Midsummer Night’s Dream into the fairy wood also marks the play out as a ‘green world’ comedy in which the central characters resolve crises in their lives by leaving the environment where the trouble originated for a remote, ‘green’ location like the fairy wood outside Athens, where resolution is achieved.” Buchanan, Ian. “Allegory.” A Dictionary of Critical Theory. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. “Allegory is important to the work of Northrop Frye and Walter Benjamin, both of whom devise multi-layered modes of allegory.” See also Buchanan’s entry on “myth criticism,” where he lists Frye as one of the most prominent myth critics. In addition, see also Buchanan’s entry for “metahistory,” about which he writes: “The consideration of what history is in a philosophical sense. The Canadian literary critic Northrop Frye was the first person to use this term, but it is American historian Hayden White who has given the term its most complete meaning. For Frye it meant simply the speculative philosophy of history, while for White it is the examination both of what history is and how that has changed over time. White is particularly interested in the problematic posed by the fact that history is a form of narrative, a feature it shares with fiction, and as he shows in Metahistory: The Historical Imagination in 19th-Century Europe, this has a significant influence on the range of meanings that can be given to a set of basic facts.” In the entry “Frye, Northrop,” Buchanan writes that “Frye’s work has fallen into a state of relative neglect,” an assertion that the present volume is intended to refute.

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

–  “Frye, Northrop (1912–91).” In A Dictionary of Critical Theory, 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2018. –  “Metahistory.” In A Dictionary of Critical Theory. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2018. “Frye was the first person to use this term, but it is American historian Hayden White who has given the term its most complete meaning. For Frye it meant simply the speculative philosophy of history, while for White it is the examination both of what history is and how that has changed over time.” See also the entry “Symbol.” Buchanan, Bruce. “Assessing Human Values.” Kybernetes 26, nos. 6–7 (1997): 703–15. Points to Frye’s observation in The Double Vision “that more advanced societies value the aim of developing the individuality and potential creativity of its members.” Buckman, Ty. “‘Arthurian Torsos’ and Professor Nohrnberg’s Unrepeatable Experiment.” Arthuriana 21, no. 1, Special Issue on Renaissance Arthurian Literature and C.S. Lewis (Spring 2011): 39–45. “In his preface . . . Professor Nohrnberg submits that the book [The Analogy of “The Faerie Queene”] began ‘as a criticism of the poem’ but later ‘evolved into a commentary.’ There is an analogy here, and an instructive contrast as well, to the work of Professor Nohrnberg’s mentor Northrop Frye, who learned the critic’s trade and gathered his seminal ideas in the ‘School’ of William Blake, much as Professor Nohrnberg benefited from a long sojourn in the ‘House’ of Spenser. However, Frye’s critical sensibilities typically led him away from the work toward his own reorganization of its pattern and method and meanings, whereas Professor Nohrnberg started in that direction and ended instead with a commentary that treats the poem in its entirety and its particulars, but not in the order or style that most readers associate with or expect from commentaries.” Bucossi, Alessandra. “Scriptural Citation in Andronikos Kamateros.” In Reading in the Byzantine Empire and Beyond, ed. Teresa Shawcross and Ida Toth. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2018. 296–314. “In 1982, Northrop Frye described the Bible as ‘The Great Code’ for the decryption of western art and culture. It is a truism to say that the same ‘Great Code’ is the key also to understanding much of Byzantine literature.” Budac, Alexandru. “Summer Dresses on a Map of Anxiety: Recursive Tropes and Philosophical Memes in Donald Barthelme’s Short Stories.” British and American Studies 24 (2018): 43–53. “Barthelme is also a particularly late romantic. He wrote urban romances, damaged ‘Mythoi of Summer,’ to use Northrop Frye’s famous metaphor, anxious adventures, unsuccessful quests for a Paradise

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that never was, in which the heroine’s/hero’s worst antagonist is herself/himself. Barthelme’s stories are not quite sunny, but they are gleeful nevertheless.” Budick, Sanford. Review of Modernity and the Reinvention of Tradition: Backing into the Future, by Stephen Prickett. Religion & Literature 44, no. 3 (Autumn 2012): 285–7. “Stephen Prickett is one of the subtlest, most learned literary historians of our time. Northrop Frye himself would surely have envied Prickett his encyclopedic control of vast terrains of English and European literature as well as theory and, indeed, of history.” Buell, Lawrence. “Emerson and the Idea of Microcosmic Form.” In Literary Transcendentalism: Style and Vision in the American Renaissance. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1973. 145–65. In speaking of Emerson’s remark about the universal order being a beehive or spider web, Buell says that the “kind of literary structure to which these metaphors point would seem to be close to what Frye calls ‘encyclopedic form’—namely a structure that will be atomistic, discontinuous, yet comprehensive and essentially unified by the artist’s vision of the cosmic order.” Bugari, Sulejman, Nezir Krčalo, and Adnan Džafić. “O filozofijskim i religijskim aspektima Dijaloga” [On Philosophical and Religious Aspects of Dialogue]. DHSDruštvene i humanističke studije: Časopis Filozofskog fakulteta u Tuzli 10 (2020): 231–46. In Bosnian. According to Aristotle, sounds expressed by voice are symbols of mental states, and written words are symbols of words expressed by voice. Although the symbol and the sign are closely related, on certain occasions they are identical. Still there is a difference, both visible and profound, because a sign carries only one meaning, and a symbol a multitude of meanings. According to Northrop Frye, it is best called an image, because the human imagination has the ability to clothe spirituality into sensory form. Bugeja, Michael. “Twitter Is a Test of Iowa’s ‘Nice’ Culture.” Des Moines Register (3 June 2018): OP3. “Like everyone else, I have convictions, fears and biases about the state of politics and the world. In private conversation with my spouse or with myself while grousing at the television, I am apt to espouse strong beliefs that I would never tweet or post to social media. Reason? I have beloved students, book readers, good neighbors and treasured colleagues and take pains to post my views in tempered language. I learned this early on in my academic career from the great Canadian social critic, Northrop Frye, author of ‘The WellTempered Critic,’ one of the best literary books of the

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20th century. Frye wrote that we should strive for a rich, conscious life empowered by elegant language and enhanced by ethical considerations. That’s just a fancy way of saying ‘Iowa nice.’” Buitenhuis, Peter. “Northrop Frye’s Iliad: The Alexander Lectures, 1965–66.” Varsity Graduate 12 (June 1966): 2, 4–6, 8, 10, 98–100. A detailed and thorough summary of Frye’s lectures on Shakespearean tragedy, published as A Natural Perspective. Bullough, Robert V., Jr., and Stefinee Pinnegar. “Guidelines for Quality in Autobiographical Forms of Self-Study Research.” Educational Researcher 30, no. 3 (April 2001): 13–21. Some of the insights about selfstudy in education are drawn from literary conventions, especially Frye’s four mythoi or modes of emplotment. Buning, Marius. “Modernity and Medievalism in T.F. Powys’s Mature Fiction.” Year’s Work in Medievalism 5. Papers from the Fifth Annual General Conference on Medievalism, 1990. http://www.powys-lannion.net/ Powys/medievalism.htm#N15. Argues that allegory in Powys’s mature fiction can best be grasped in the light of modern, post-romantic allegorical theory, such as that advanced by Frye and others. Buonanno, Milly. “The ‘Sailor’ and the ‘Peasant’: The Italian Police Series between Foreign and Domestic.” Media International Australia Incorporating Culture and Policy 115 (May 2005): 48–59. Considers Frye’s “classification of literary works according to the stature and capacity of character actions” as developed in the theory of modes in Anatomy of Criticism. Burge, S.R. “Myth, Meaning and the Order of Words: Reading Hadith Collections with Northrop Frye and the Development of Compilation Criticism.” Islam & Christian-Muslim Relations 27, no. 2 (April 2016): 213–28. “The field of Hadith Studies has been grappling and engaging with Ignaz Goldziher’s ideas about Hadith and, in particular, the isnād; but this focus on the isnād [chain of transmission] and the early Islamic period has meant that there has been relatively little reflection on how Hadiths actually work from a theoretical perspective, and even less study on Hadith compilation as a specific scholarly exercise. This article will argue that there is a need to think of Hadith collections not simply as legal works or repositories of information, but rather as literary works, which seek to say something that can only be understood through a process of compilation criticism. This article will use the work of the Canadian literary theorist and critic Northrop Frye to explore issues in the study of Hadiths and their compilation. Frye’s approach to the Bible and

English literature, particularly his ideas concerning the construction of meaning and discourse, adds a great deal to the understanding of the way Hadiths and Hadith collections work and how they can be read.” (author’s abstract) Burger, Patrick R. On the Precipice of Fascism. The Mythic and Political in the Work of Robert E. Howard and Ernst Jünger. Lunenburg, ON: Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood Pub., 2016. Turns to Frye’s archetypal criticism, among other concepts of contemporary criticism, as a way of foregrounding the work of Howard and Jünger. –  “Red Shadows through the Lens of Northrop Frye’s Archetypal Criticism.” Dark Man 2, nos. 1–2 (2005): 38–55. Frye’s work used to illuminate Red Shadows, a collection of stories by Robert E. Howard. Burger, Willie. “‘n Verandering van vorm as die vorm van verandering: Antjie Krog se ‘n Ander tongval” [A Change of Form as the Form of Change: Antjie Krog’s Another Tongue Trap]. Stilet: Tydskrif Van Die Afrikaanse Letterkundevereniging 23, no. 1 (2011): 18–35. In Afrikaans. “For Frye it is important that the essay, like all literary genres, is not primarily aimed at transferring facts or ‘truth,’ since it is subordinate to the literary goal of being a structure of words. In literatuur, questions of fact or truth are subordinated to the primary literary aim of producing a structure of words for its own sake, and the sign-values ​​of symbols are subordinated to their importance as a structure.” Burges, Joel. “Reading by Residual Means.” Out of Sync & Out of Work: History and the Obsolescence of Labor in Contemporary Culture. Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2018. 38–77. Glances at Frye’s category of the “low mimetic comedy” from his theory of modes. . . . “Turbo-cum-King Candy [the villain in the Disney video Wreck-It Ralph] remains what Northrop Frye calls an ‘irreconcilable character’ that the narrative expels, with those restored to their jobs benefitting from the death of he who protested when he feared he might lose his own. While such expulsion threatens, as Frye notes in his gloss on The Merchant of Venice, to come ‘as close as possible to upsetting the comic balance,’ there is, to compensate, the character of Q*Bert.” Burges, Sean W. “Canada’s Postcolonial Problem: The United States and Canada’s International Policy Review.” Canadian Foreign Policy 13, no. 1 (2006): 97–113. Argues that a significant problem in Canadian foreign policy formulation is an obsession with the United States. Quotes Frye’s quip that a Canadian is “an American who rejects the revolution.”

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Burgess, Joanne Harris. “The Methodist Imagination of Northrop Frye.” Paper presented at the Mid-Atlantic Conference on Canadian Studies, Pace University, New York, 15 April 1988. Typescript. 20 pp. Examines the ways that nonconformist Methodism has influenced Frye’s imagination and the structure of his work. –  “‘The Search for Acceptable Words’: The Concept of Kerygma in The Great Code and Words with Power.” In Aithal, The Importance of Northrop Frye, 136–55. Shows how Frye’s use of kerygma brings out the power of biblical language. Burgess, Margaret. “From Archetype to Antitype: A Look at Frygian Archetypology.” In Kee, Northrop Frye and the Afterlife of the Word, 103–24. A critique of Frye’s gendered approach to biblical myth, tracing “the implications of Frye’s archetypological theory for the future metamorphoses” of biblical mythology. –  “The Resistance to Religion: Anxieties Surrounding the Spiritual Dimensions of Frye’s Thought; OR, Investigations into the Fear of the Enlightenment.” In Lee and Denham, Legacy, 59–75. Investigates the reasons that the question of Frye’s religious views has been such a confounding one. Burgess, Olivia. “Get Happy: Play and the Utopian Imagination in Mark Osborne’s ‘More.’” Rocky Mountain Review 68, no. 2 (2014): 130–41. “Utopia is as much about alternatives for the individual as it is for society, as Northrop Frye presciently argued in 1965 when he wrote that new Utopias ‘would be rooted in the body as well as in the mind, in the subconscious as well as the conscious, in forests and deserts as well as in highways and buildings, in bed as well as in the symposium.’ However, both utopia and play are too often dismissed as frivolous or even dangerous, perceptions that may keep us from realizing the link between play and our ability to visualize and pursue new ways of being. It is this relationship that I explore in this article by merging Utopian studies and play studies to cast an interdisciplinary spotlight on the power of play to shake up unshakeable worlds. I am particularly interested in the ‘new’ Utopias of Frye’s prediction, Utopias of the body and of the subconscious—the very alternatives explored in play activities.” Buriro, Ahmed Ghulam, Aftab Ahmed Charan, and Muhammad Ali. “The Viewer Perception of the Connotative Portrayal of Superhero Characters in Postmodern Screen Fiction.” International Research Journal of Arts and Humanities 47 (2019): 189 ff. Draws on M. Jofré’s “Northrop Frye Anatomy of Criticism:

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Four Essays.” Revista chilena de literatura 72 (2002): 261–8. Burke, Alan. Review of Frye’s essay “Dickens and the Comedy of Humours.” Dickens Studies Newsletter 4, no. 3 (1 September 1973): 86–9. A careful and detailed exposition of the matter and manner of Frye’s essay, which is “one of those few essential essays—worth any number of recent books on Dickens—that compels attention and response.” Burke, Anne. “News from the Feminist Caucus.” St@nz@ E-newsletter (The League of Canadian Poets) (April 2008): 1. http://www.poets.ca/linktext/newsletter/ 2008-04-01/feminist%20caucus%20apr.pdf. On the Northrop Frye/Helen Kemp relationship in the 1930s as revealed in their correspondence. Burke, John J. “Reconfiguring the Idea of 18th-Century Literature in a New Epoch: Moving from the Augustan to the Menippean.” Eighteenth-Century Life 31, no. 2 (Spring 2007): 83–95. In a review of a book by Howard Weinbrot on Menippean satire, considers Frye’s views on the same subject. Burke, Meghan A., and Lauren Langman. “From Exceptionalism to Imperialism: Culture, Character, and American Foreign Policy.” Current Perspectives in Social Theory 24 (2006): 189–228. “The basic elements of American character that have been described, individualist, tough, yet moral, are clearly embodied in the American Monomyth. For Northrop Frye, the hero, on a quest to realize a vision of a free society with desire fulfilled and/or virtue restored, is of the most fundamental human archetypes. Surely found in the Bible, perhaps Moses or Jesus best qualify as examples of loss, the recovery of identity, and redeeming the people. In Greek mythology, Perseus, Jason, or Theseus are its exemplars. Joseph Campbell found this theme so often, he refers to it as the ‘monomyth.’” Burke, Milton. “Dis: Canto 34.” In Words Unbound: Teaching Dante’s “Inferno” in the High School Classroom. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 2017. “So Dante uses ‘stars’ as the last word of all three canticles as signals of a comedic intention. Earlier, I followed Northrop Frye in claiming that literary comedy might entail not just any happy ending but one that depends on the ultimate reintegration of the hero into his environment, in some sense. (It might help to remember here that the Commedia is the work of an exile who can never go home to Florence again.) You could raise questions about how far the Hollanders are right in calling this ending comedic and about emotional management in a great work of

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literary art. How much does the poet’s desire to make the ending feel positive affect his handling of Satan earlier in the canto? How would they evaluate the emotional effectiveness of the culminating last canto of Inferno? Get them to thinking about how great writers orchestrate emotion satisfyingly.” Burling, Robbins. “The Metrics of Children’s Verse: A Cross-Linguistic Study.” American Anthropologist, New Series, 68, no. 6 (December 1966): 1418–41. Notes Frye’s emphasis on the four-beat line as the basic stress pattern of English verse. Burney, Shehla. “Edward Said and Postcolonial Theory: Disjunctured Identities and the Subaltern Voice.” Counterpoints, 417. Rpt. in Pedagogy of the Other: Edward Said, Postcolonial Theory, and Strategies for Critique. New York: Peter Lang, 2012. 41–60. “Northrop Frye, a leading Canadian literary critic whose structuralist notions of archetypal literary criticism have fallen out of favor since the rise of contemporary literary theory, talks of an ‘identity of place’ rather than an ‘identity of self’ in the Canadian imagination, suggesting that the crucial question is not ‘who am I?’ but ‘Where is here?’ This notion of ‘Where is here?’ is crucial.” Burnham, K. Brian. New Designs for Learning: Highlights of the Reports of the Ontario Curriculum Institute, 1963–1966. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1967. “This volume, which may be looked upon as a sequel to the Joint Committee’s report, Design for Learning, edited by Northrop Frye (University of Toronto Press, 1962), contains the highlights of the reports of the Ontario Curriculum Institute Study Committees, December 1963 to May 1966.” Burns, Dan Eric. “Dennis Hopper’s The Last Movie: Beginning of the End.” Literature/Film Quarterly 7, no. 2 (1979): 137–47. The Book of Thomas in Dennis Hopper’s film “presents us with a universe of what Northrop Frye calls ‘total metaphoric identification’ in which everything is potentially identified with everything else.” –  “Pistols and Cherry Pies: Lolita from Page to Screen.” Literature/Film Quarterly 12, no. 4 (1984): 245–50. In his commentary on a film version of Nabakov’s Lolita, Burns calls on Frye’s characterization of the descent phase of romance and the symbols of the fairy-tale world. Burrill, Gary. “Northrop Frye: A Conversation.” The World: Journal of the Unitarian Universalist Association 4 (July–August 1990): 5–6. Reports on a conversation with Frye in connection with the CBC documentary, Northrop Frye: The Great Teacher.

Burrows, Mark S. “Dreaming beside the River: The Mississippi as American Vernacular.” Southern Quarterly 53, nos. 3–4 (Spring–Summer 2016): 211–24, 236. About a poem by Maurice Manning, Burrows writes, “This is poetry that comes not from seeking but from looking, a long and hard double-gaze: at what is before us, for ‘[t]he world is more mysterious,’ and within, for ‘[t]he point is what’s inside the mind.’ Ours is the work that Northrop Frye taught us to think of as ‘a double vision,’ in which everything becomes—at least potentially—not simply something seen but rather nothing less than metaphor, which we come to glimpse through the steady gaze inward, and not simply by means of a looking upon what lies outside of us in what the eye glances from moment to moment.” –  “Raiding the Inarticulate: Mysticism, Poetics, and the Unlanguageable.” Spiritus 4, no. 2 (Fall 2004): 173–94. “Iris Murdoch suggested that literature is the art ‘most practically important for our survival and salvation,’ since words constitute what she calls ‘the ultimate texture and stuff of our moral being.’ It may even be, as Northrop Frye once suggested, that literature fills the vacancy carved out of the popular imagination left behind by the displacement of myths and symbolic narrative in modern societies.” Bush, Douglas. “Literature, the Academy, and the Public.” Daedalus 107 (Fall 1978): 165–74 [168]. An essay on the increasing isolation of critical thought from the reading public. Includes a short survey of literary criticism in this century, one phase of which is archetypal criticism. Salutes Frye as its “chief contemporary theorist” and praises his “range of active knowledge, inexhaustible fertility of ideas, and taxonomic genius,” yet believes that his “purely verbal universe” has no ethical or aesthetic foundation and is connected only tenuously with life. Bush, Harold K. American Declarations: Rebellion and Repentance in American Cultural History. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1999. Shows that the use of biblical imagery goes beyond the personal level to the very core of American mythic culture. Makes use of Frye’s two competing myths recurring in American literature: the myth of concern, calling people back to a notion of historic American ideals (often taking the form of a jeremiad); and the myth of freedom, which sees America as a place to shake off tradition and begin anew. Whereas Frye saw the two myths in opposition, held by conflicting groups, Bush believes that they are often held and advocated by the same person at the same time. For a brief analysis by Bush of Frye’s two myths, see his “Structural America: The Persistence of

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Oppositional Paradigms in American Literary Theory.” College Literature 23 (June 1996): 181–8. –  “Northrop Frye and American Fiction: What Would Jesus Read? Popular Religious Books and Everyday Life in Twentieth-Century America.” American Literature 88, no. 4 (2016): 863–5. Review of Northrop Frye and American Fiction, by Claude Le Fustec, and What Would Jesus Read? Popular Religious Books and Everyday Life in Twentieth-Century America, by Erin Smith. Both books are part of the “religious turn” in literary studies. –  “Re-inventing the Puritan Fathers: George Bancroft, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and the Birth of Endicott’s Ghost.” American Transcendental Quarterly n.s. 9 (June 1995): 131–52. Contends that Hawthorne’s description of the public sphere in several of his tales anticipates much later models of cultural conflict, such as those posited by Frye and James Davison Hunter. Finds that Hawthorne, Frye, and Hunter all articulate remarkably similar structural oppositions as the basic parties engaged in cultural debate, warns against any unilateral domination of the public sphere, and seeks to foster an openly democratic form of public discourse that might ultimately guarantee the preservation of a civilized order. Bush, Ronald L. The Genesis of Ezra Pound’s “Cantos.” Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989. “Northrop Frye, writing about Paradise Lost, differentiated the epic poem from long poems that are simply narrative (‘the more stories . . . [a narrative poet] tells, the more successful he is’) or simply encyclopedic. The epic, according to Frye, is ‘a poem that derived its structure from the epic traditions of Homer and Virgil and still had the quality of universal knowledge which belonged to the encyclopedic poem.’ That is, the epic structure as it has been passed down from the Odyssey to the Aeneid to Paradise Lost remains uniquely able to evoke enduring patterns of human experience. Frye contends that three structural elements account for much of the epic’s archetypal validity. First, the action is split ‘neatly in two’ between the wanderings of a hero and a comedy of reintegration. Second, the epic begins in medias res with its hero at the furthest point from home (in Paradise Lost from a spiritual home) and in the middle of a cyclical action of desolation, quest, and renewal. Third, the epic hero is presented in need of supernatural guidance for his return, and is forced to negotiate between two types of guidance—divine and demonic revelation.” Buss, Helen M. “Women and the Garrison Mentality: Pioneer Women Autobiographers and Their Relation to the Land.” In Re(Dis)covering Our Foremothers, ed. Lorraine McMullen. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press,

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1990. 123–36. “Argues that an unquestioning acceptance of Frye’s phrase [one-woman garrison] has led to a blind spot in our understanding of pioneer women’s relationship to their new environments.” Butler, Marilyn. “Three Feet on the Ground.” London Review of Books 5, no. 12 (7 July 1983): 18–19. “Recent items of Wordsworthiana include The Visionary Company, The Unmediated Vision, ‘The Idiom of Vision,’ and a host of treatments of cognate topics such as Dreams, the Sublime, Paradise or Eden (and the Fall therefrom), and Imagination, along with its primary and secondary variants. This elevated discourse (or vocabulary, if it isn’t yours), which nowadays commands the respect of the graduate schools, can be traced back to the mode of thought of the Canadian critic Northrop Frye, a Jungian, who schematises literature into a rather small series of recurring archetypal themes. According to this view, early Neo-Platonism and Jewish Gnosticism, two anti-materialist and otherworldly habits of thought, offer the most useful parallel to Romanticism. Critics of Frye’s persuasion, a number of whom are gathered at Cornell and Yale, believe in something they call the High Romantic Argument, in which Wordsworth, a key figure, participates. A pronouncement of Northrop Frye’s states grandly what this Argument might be: The great Romantic theme is the attaining of an apocalyptic vision by a fallen but potentially regenerate mind.” Butt, William. “Word and Action in Margaret Avison’s Not Yet but Still.” University of Toronto Quarterly 70, no. 4 (Fall 2001): 839–56. “The late works of each—Frye’s The Great Code and Words with Power and Avison’s recent poems in Not Yet But Still—echo one another constantly, as if in mutually assenting conversation. In this essay, I want to suggest several roughly parallel approaches to a theme manifest in Frye’s and Avison’s work.” Buzatu, Alina. “Narativul poetic. Studiu de caz: Zenobia de Gellu Naum” [Poetic Narrative. Case Study: Zenobia by Gellu Naum]. Analele Universităţii Ovidius din Constanţa. Seria Filologie 16 (2005): 53–66. In Romanian. Notes the anagogic phase that Frye locates toward the end of The Divine Comedy. By, Ye. “Literary Anthropology in Frye’s Thought.” Journal of Inner Mongolia University (Humanities and Social Sciences) 3 (2001). In Chinese. –  “Myth and Ideology.” Journal of Jilin Normal University (Humanities and Social Sciences) 5 (2004). In Chinese. On the relationship of literature and ideology as argued in Words with Power.

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–  “Mythological-Archetypal Criticism: Theory and Practice.” Journal of Shaanxi Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2 (1986). In Chinese. On the development of Frye’s critical approach from the 1950s on. C Caballero-Aceituno, Yolanda. “Centres and Peripheries? The Augustan/Counter-Augustan Dialectics. Interlitteraria 11 (2006): 421–35. “In the 1990s Northrop Frye wondered what, perhaps, many of the counterAugustans had already wondered in the eighteenth century: what happens when a writer ‘runs out of marble’? that is, what happens when s/he gets tired of reducing the complexity of life to fixed stereotypes? Frye’s answer is clear: the Augustan sublime succeeded in “expressing meaning instead of merely throwing words in the direction of meaning,” and, consequently, “literature [was] moving towards a dead end.” Cadbury, William. “The Two Structures of Rob Roy.” Modern Language Quarterly 29 (1968): 42–60. Finds Frye’s concepts of novel and romance helpful in explaining the structure of Scott’s novel. Caesar, Michael. “Leopardi’s Operette Morali and the Resources of Dialogue.” Italian Studies 43, no. 1 (1988): 21–40. Caetano dos Santos, Robson. “Viver é muito perigoso: O mito da grande travessia da vida em Grande Sertão: veredas a partir da perspectiva bíblica de Northrop Frye” [Living Is Very Dangerous: The Myth of the Great Journey of Life in Greater Sertão: Comes from the Biblical Perspective of Northrop Frye]. Cadernos CESPUC de Pesquisa 28 (November 2016): 70–81. Begins with Frye’s assumption that “the Bible, with its immense number of myths, archetypes and metaphors, has become a ‘mythological universe’ that has inspired all Western literature in which consciously or unconsciously writers have searched and reproduced in their literary compositions.” (from author’s abstract) Cahill, P. Joseph. “Literary Criticism, Religious Literature, and Theology.” Studies in Religion /Sciences réligieuses 12 (Winter 1983): 51–62. Draws upon Frye’s conceptions of the literary universe and literary conventions in arguing that the centre of theological discourse is religious literature. Cain, William E. “Kazin on Dreiser: What It Means to Be a Literary Critic.” Society, 55, no. 6 (December 2018): 517–25. “The Canadian theorist and mythographer Northrop Frye noted long ago that each literary critic in his or her career experiences a moment of conversion,

of discovery and identification with one writer in particular. For Frye, it was William Blake. . . . For Alfred Kazin, the writer who made the most powerful impact was Theodore Dreiser.” Cairns, Craig. Associationism and the Literary Imagination: From the Phantasmal Chaos. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007. Cairns “traces the influence of empirical philosophy and associationist psychology on theories of literary creativity and on the experience of reading literature. It runs from David Hume’s Treatise of Human Nature in 1739 to the works of major literary critics of the twentieth century, such as I.A. Richards, W.K. Wimsatt and Northrop Frye.” –  “The Modern Scottish Novel.” A Companion to British Literature. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, 2014. 404–23. “Three works by European and North American critics— George Lukács’ The Historical Novel, André Gide’s introduction to James Hogg’s Confessions of a Justified Sinner, and Northrop Frye’s Secular Scripture— provided ways of reading the past of the Scottish novel which also explain its major modern developments. . . . Frye’s emphasis on the archetypal underlines the extent to which the Scottish novel, from Scott to Muriel Spark, seeks to deconstruct the realistic emphasis of the major tradition of the novel in order to reveal the ‘deep structures’ that underlie all narration.” Čale-Feldman, Lada. “Bezdani snovi i njihove strukture: Northrop Frye, anatomija šekspirologije” [Deep Dreams and Their Structure: An Anatomy of Northrop Frye’s Shakespeare Studies]. Kolo 4 (Winter 2002): 147–61. In Bosnian. Also at http://www.matica.hr/Kolo/ kolo0402.nsf/AllWebDocs/lada. Rpt. in Čale-Feldman’s Femina Ludens. Zagreb: Disput, 2005. A critique of Frye’s mythical and archetypal theories as applied to Shakespeare. –  “Northrop Frye, Anatomy of Shakespeare Criticism.” Journal of Literature and Culture 4 (2002): 147–61. Discusses the legacy of Frye as a critic of Shakespeare. In Croatian. Rpt. in Čale-Feldman’s Femina ludens. Zagreb: Disput, 2005. Calicman, Richard, ed. Contemporary Japanese Thought. New York: Columbia University Press, 2005. Shows how Karatini Kōjin, the dean of Japanese criticism, has drawn on the work of a diverse group of critics, including Frye. Călin, Vera. “Prefata.” Anatomia criticii, trans. Domnica Sterian and Mihai Spariosu. Bucharest: Editura Univers, 1972. v–xiv. Contrasts Frye’s aesthetic approach to myth with sociological, psychological, and anthropological approaches. Places Frye’s work in the context of

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archetypal criticism, drawing especially upon the arguments developed in Fables of Identity and Anatomy of Criticism. Gives an overview of Frye’s understanding of the historical modes of literature and of its mythoi, symbols, genres, and archetypes. Calin, William. “Northrop Frye’s Totalizing Vision: The Order of Words.” The Twentieth-Century Humanist Critics: From Spitzer to Frye. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007. 118–38. On Frye’s achievement, his methods and presuppositions, and his relation to history, canon formation, current theoretical debates, modernism, and humanism. “The distinguished critics Robert Alter and Harold Bloom object, from a Jewish perspective, to Frye’s biblical hermeneutics. According to Alter the Canadian scholar revives ‘Christian suppressionism’; according to Bloom, he is guilty of ‘Christian appropriation and usurpation.’” Calin’s book reviewed by K. Gale in Choice 45, no. 10 (June 2008): 1754, and by Loui Lo in The Modern Language Review 104, no. 3 (July 2009): 828–9. Callaghan, Barry. Barrelhouse Kings. Toronto: McArthur and Co., 1998. 550–7. Lively anecdotes from several encounters with Frye at dinner parties in the company of Morley Callahan, the actress Gale Garnett, Alice Munro, and others. For a brief account of one of the anecdotes, see Roger Burford Mason, “The Impassioned Exile of Barry Callaghan.” Books in Canada 22, no. 5, (1993): 9–13. Callis, Jonathan P. “Allegories of Error in Samuel Richardson’s Clarissa.” Studies in English Literature, 1500–1900 58, no. 3 (Summer 2018): 613–32. In Samuel Richardson’s Clarissa “Lovelace tries to recast tragedy in the terms of romance. Romance is the one generic frame Lovelace unambiguously claims for his life. Northrop Frye has argued that romances are circular because they ‘do not end: they stop, and very frequently they can be easily started again. They are designed to provide a kind of idealized shadow of the continuum of our lives, an endless dream world in which we can keep losing ourselves.’” Calvino, Italo. “Literature as Projection of Desire: On Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism.” In Calvino’s The Uses of Literature, trans. Patrick Creagh. San Diego: Harcourt, 1986. 50–61; English trans. of “La letteratura come proiezione del desiderio,” which appeared originally in Saggi, 1945–1985, ed. M. Barenghi. Milan: Mondadori, 1995. 1:242–51. Sees the principles of ritual and dream as informing the entire structure of Anatomy of Criticism. Because ritual is the technical or institutional use of myth, the city, to take one example, can be seen as a symbol of the projection of human

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terror, revealed in such mythic constructs as the city of Cain, the labyrinth, or the modern metropolis. But because dream is the projection of desire and the rejection of present institutions, the city can also symbolize the city of God, the New Jerusalem, and the court of the king. Sees the most innovative sections of Anatomy of Criticism as those that treat comedy, romance, and irony. Concludes by contrasting Frye’s criticism with structuralism, seeing the latter as austere and reductive and the former as a game of mirrors in which individual works of literature reflect the encyclopedia of human civilization. Câmara Simões da silva, Rafaela. “A Barca de Salomão: Uma releitura bíblica” [The Boat of Solomon: A Biblical Rereading]. Acta Iassyensia Comparationis 3 (2019): 167–76. In Portuguese. On Frye’s view of typology as a linear and unidirectional principle, moving from Creation to Apocalypse. Cambon, Glauco. “La critica nord-americana” [North American Criticism]. Il Verri [Milan] (May 1959). Cambridge Forecast Group Blog. “Northrop Frye: Literary Criticism.” https://cambridgeforecast.wordpress. com/2006/10/26/northrop-frye-literary-criticism/. A fairly extensive overview of Frye’s achievement and the importance of Vico and Blake for his critical views. Cameron, Barry A. “Tercentenary Celebrations of Paradise Lost.” Seventeenth-Century News 26 (Spring 1968): 17. A report on Frye’s untitled lecture delivered to a conference of Milton scholars, October 1968, at the University of Western Ontario. Later published as “The Revelation to Eve,” in Paradise Lost: A Tercentenary Tribute, ed. Balachandra Rajan. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1969. 18–47. Cameron, Barry, and Michael Dixon. “Introduction: Mandatory Subversive Manifesto: Canadian Criticism vs. Literary Criticism.” Studies in Canadian Literature 2 (Summer 1977): 137–45 [138–9]. Rpt. in Northrop Frye’s Canadian Literary Criticism and Its Influence, ed. Branko Gorjup. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009. 144–54. The authors ask whether Frye’s views on the achievement of Canadian literature need to be reconsidered and whether the criticism of Canadian literature continues to “reflect the dated letter” of his judgments in Literary History of Canada and to “ignore the liberal spirit of his general theory.” Cameron, Ian, ed. The Movie Book of Film Noir. London: Studio Vista, 1992. In-depth case studies of seminal films noir, drawing on Frye’s narrative theory.

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Camp, Robert Quillen. “The Tragic Spectator: Pig Iron Theatre Company’s Pay Up.” Comparative Drama 48, no. 1 (2014): 117–34. “I would like to consider how a raucous performance piece marked by the everyday victories and disappointments of simple consumer choices might somehow also open out onto something as unlikely as tragedy—how the existentialist dramaturgy of Sartre as well as the classical poetics of tragedy [a la Frye] might be mobilized to treat an interactive performance in which the spectator has become the protagonist.” Campbell, Rebecca. “Canada under the DEWline.” Journal of Canadian Studies 51, no. 1 (Winter 2017): 112–33. “The Distant Early Warning Line (DEWline) marks the intersection of military, technological and cultural discourses. It was both a radar system and a conceptual way-station in the fraught history of Canada’s Arctic, a punctuation point between the utopian socialism of F.R. Scott’s “Laurentian Shield,[”] the “near-future warnings” of Marshall McLuhan, and the ecological anxiety of our contemporary North. . . . “Unlike Northrop Frye’s stone garrisons, which were once supposed to define the Canadian landscape and its subjects, the DEWline is an attenuated border zone rather than a wall, defined by a technology that defends as it surveils, that weaponizes the collection of information.” Campbell, Robert. “From Playful to Ethical: Architecture of the 1990s.” Design Quarterly 153 (Fall 1991): 4–8. On the ways of looking at changes in architecture. Argues, following Frye on literature, that architecture was be seen either as playful or as ethical. Cites examples of ethical and playful architecture. –  “Okay, Architects, Lighten Up—But Don’t Lose Your Ideals in the Process.” Architectural Record 192, no. 5 (May 2004): 67–8. Likes to think about architecture with the help of a yin-yang pair of terms he learned from Frye: architecture, like literature, can have two opposite qualities—it can be playful or it can be ethical. Campbell, Wanda. “To Flow Like You: An Interview with James Reaney.” Windsor Review 29, no. 1 (Spring 1996): 9–21. “One of the reasons I did the Doctorate and did it with Frye was to make myself a better poet. So that has sharpened the things you’re talking about. I still find his book Anatomy of Criticism a big poem that tells you about poems. It is like a wonderful music teacher that really gives you some harmony and counterpoint lessons. So all the things you’re talking about lead you to do a variety of things, I think, with some sort of professional skill. I meet so many people that, for example, are trying to tell a story in a dramatic form, and it’s as if their arteries are clogged with cholesterol

or something. It doesn’t have the right rhythms and the right turning point, the kind of things I’ve learned about from Frye. Mind you, there are people that can do that but have no content or anything to say, so there’s more to it than learning harmony and counterpoint. The same thing in music. You have people who don’t box the compass in the things you should be able to. . . . Frye calls that the dance in and out of forms. And I think that’s what takes years to learn, and it comes with practice, not just by thinking about it, like learning to play the piano.” Can, Aytekin, and Faruk Ugurlu. “The Humorous Role of Television: The Example of Sit-Coms Sample Program.” Journal of Research in Gender Studies 4, no. 1 (2014): 699–708. “Television does not completely refuse the traditional humor that comes from ancient Greek and Rome, unlike television which has developed a new comedy format according to Northrop Frye. In this new comedy format, plot and characters are getting involved in a simple order with a dominant form. Usually, the plot is about a damaged relationship between a man and a woman.” Cánovas, Suzana Yolanda Lenhardt Machado. “O ciclo das águas de Moacyr Scliar à luz da hermenêutica simbólica” [The Cycle of Waters by Moacyr Scliar in Light of Symbolic Hermeneutics]. Signótica 23, no. 1 (January–June 2011): 213–29. “This article aims at studying the cyclical images of water in the novel O ciclo das águas, by Moacyr Scliar. We intend to prove that, even though the work belongs to a realistic context, it presents mythical components similar to primitive and archaic societies, which allows us to approach the novel to poems [sic] and ancient reports. However, as the novel by Scliar belongs to a world without religious meaning, it is frequent to observe the deconstruction of myths, which is responsible for the parody intrinsic to the text. Our theoretical background is composed by the conceptions of Mircea Eliade, Northrop Frye and José Lorite Mena.” (author’s abstract) Canfield, Craig. “Response to Fred Johnson’s ‘A Phonological, Existential Analysis of the Book of Job.’” Journal of Religion and Health 45, no. 4 (December 2006): 619–27. Kathleen Raine “shows how Blake incorporated much of the Book of Job into his mythological poems. One of the most significant of the engravings which is on the cover of E.P. Thompson’s book on Blake, Witness against the Beast, as well as the front-page for Northrop Frye’s The Great Code, pictures God pointing to the Behemoth and the Leviathan. Job’s comforters have been separated from Job. They are crouching in fearful apprehension of the coming of the

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Redeemer. Job disagrees that God is punishing him for his unrighteousness, because he feels he has not been unrighteous. His friends say his unrighteousness is the reason for his suffering. The truth, as Northrop Frye tells us, is that Job is suffering not because of evil action (God is beyond good and evil), but because Job is inside of nature, and is without Vision. He does not know what is it is to have Vision and so he suffers.” Canfield, J. Douglas. Heroes and States: On the Ideology of Restoration Tragedy. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1999. Drawing on Frye’s work, constructs a new set of generic categories for discussing Restoration drama as it is played out under the ideologies of late feudalism and the emerging bourgeois social order. Cantrell, Carol Helmstetter. “John Hawkes’s Second Skin: The Dead Reckoning of a Northrop Frye Romance.” Rocky Mountain Review 35 (1981): 281–90. Using principles from The Secular Scripture, shows how the “conventions of romance illuminate every aspect” of Hawkes’s novel. Cao, Yuán. “The Displacement of the Biblical Archetype in Coetzee’s Fiction.” Journal of the Yangzhou Vocational University 2 (2012). In Chinese. Capecchi, Luisa. “Literatura: Semántica y temática” [Literature: Semantics and Thematics]. In Métodos de estudio de la Obra Literaria, ed. José Maria Díez Borque. Madrid: Taurus, 1985. 384–8. On Frye’s understanding of literary “theme” (dianoia). Caplan, David. “At Last to a Condition of Dignity”: Anthony Hecht’s Holocaust Poetry.” In Palgrave Handbook of Holocaust Literature and Culture, ed. Victoria Aarons and Phyllis Lassner. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020. 327–42. “‘[I]t is a peculiarity of English,’ Northrop Frye observes, ‘that all obtrusive or ingenious rhymes belong to comic verse.’ Addressing a bleak subject, Hecht’s rhyme approaches the obtrusiveness and ingenuity associated with comic verse as his almost fanciful rhyme conveys.” –  “Reduced to Rhyme: On Contemporary Doggerel.” Antioch Review 67, no. 1 (Winter 2009): 164–80. “A kind of verse to be shunned, not appreciated, doggerel has enjoyed little critical attention. In two notable exceptions, George Saintsbury and Northrop Frye attempted to understand its origins and distinguish its types. Both tried to extricate a genre from its disagreeable manifestations.” Frye’s views on doggerel play a prominent role in Caplan’s effort to differentiate between good and bad doggerel, intentional and unintentional doggerel.

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Capone, Giovanna. Canada: Il Villaggio della Terra. Bologna: Patron Editore, 1978. 21–2. Gives a brief account of Frye’s major works in the context of three other masters of Canadian culture: Pratt, Innis, and McLuhan. Points to the critique of McLuhan’s theories in Spiritus Mundi. –  “Introduzione all’edizione italiana.” In Frye’s La scrittura secolare: Studio sulla struttura del “romance,” trans. Amleto Lorenzini. Bologna: Il Mulino, 1978. 7–14. Introduces Italian readers to Frye’s central preoccupations and key terms, especially as they relate to romance, which Capone sees as a recurrent theme throughout Frye’s criticism. –  “Northrop Frye.” In I Contemporanei: 900 Americano, vol. 2, ed. Elemire Zolla. Rome: Lucarini, 1983. 559–66. Çapriqi, Basri. “Simboli dhe rivalët e ti” [The Symbol and Its Rivals]. Filologji 22 (2018): 9–32. In Albanian. Notes Frye’s definition of myth: the union of ritual and dream. Căpusan, Maria Vodă. “Limbaj, mit şi critică literară” [Language, Myth, and Literary Criticism]. Steaua 37 (September 1986): 52. In Romanian. Carbonell, Curtis D. Dread Trident: Tabletop Role-Playing Games and the Modern Fantastic Creator. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2019. “Reworking Northrop Frye’s definition of irony, Dread Trident theorizes an ironic understanding of this process and in particular of its embodied forms.” Carcereri, P. “Problema da indexação em gêneros contemporâneos: Trabalhar Cansa e a perspectiva de uma cinema fantástico nacional” [The Problem of Indexing in Contemporary Genres: Hard Labour and the Perspective of a Fantastic National Cinema]. Orson– Revista dos Cursos de Cinema do Cearte Universidade Federal de Pelotas 5 (2013): 131–43. Uses Frye theories of genres and modes to determine how the Brazilian film Hard Labour fits the descriptions of horror and science fiction movies. Carlson, Kristen. Review of Imagination and Science in Romanticism, by Richard Sha. Configurations 28, no. 1 (2020): 147–9. “Imagination and Science seeks to draw our attention to the epistemological role of the imagination that has been overlooked by Romantic and historicist critics. Sha faults scholars like M.H. Abrams, Harold Bloom, James Engell, and Northrop Frye for too hastily dismissing the Romantic imagination as a transcendental idealism counter to the agenda of philosophical materialism.” Carlson, Marvin. Theories of the Theatre: A Historical and Critical Survey from the Greeks to the Present Day.

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Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1987. Glances at Frye’s approach to the theatre by way of mythical archetypes. Carlyle, A.J. “An Author’s Journey: Worlds of Medieval Literature (3) Romance & Chivalry 3: Frye’s Essential Aspects.” http://ajcarlisle.wordpress.com/tag/northropfrye-anatomy-of-criticism/. Draws on Frye’s account of the medieval romance from Anatomy of Criticism. Carney, Sean. “Jameson, Frye, Anagogy.” Brecht and Critical Theory: Dialectics and Contemporary Aesthetics. New York: Routledge, 2005. Fredric Jameson’s comments on the allegory in Brecht’s theatre are indebted to Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism. Jameson discovers a dialectic of the individual and the communal in Frye’s adaptation of the medieval levels of meaning. Carocci, Enrico. “Migration, Masculinity and ‘Double Occupancy’ in Paola Randi’s Into Paradiso.” European Journal of Women’s Studies 23, no. 4 (2016): 415–32. Calls on Frye’s view of comedy in this commentary on Randi’s film. Caron, James E. “Patriarchy and New Comedy in Ancient Athens and Rome: Revisiting Northrop Frye’s ‘Mythos of Spring: Comedy.’” Humor: Internal Journal of Humor Research 27, no. 2 (May 2014): 349–83. “Few theoretical statements about comic drama and fiction can match the influence of Northrop Frye’s essay, ‘Mythos of Spring: Comedy.’ Particularly for scholars interested not only in classic comic literary forms such as stage comedy, but also in the popular forms of contemporary films as well as television sitcoms, Frye’s theory continues to be useful for understanding basic structures within large quantities of examples. In this essay, I challenge Frye’s model for comic art. Although a quasi-Oedipal plot dominates extant New Comedy, the model suppresses the fact that it is only one significant plot among others capable of generating variations. More importantly, when one examines plays structured by the quasi-Oedipal plot, Frye’s summary—a generational struggle that ends in the son’s triumph—misrepresents the material: the son’s triumph is not a foregone conclusion. New Comedy’s function as the symbolic womb of the Western comic tradition is thus far from unproblematic. My challenge has serious consequences, not just for those critics who have organized their analyses on it, but also for those critics who might theorize about literary and popular art forms, as well as for scholars who would write a history of comic forms in the West.” (author’s abstract) Carpenter, E.S. Letter to Marshall McLuhan, 20 January 1961. From Cliche to Archetype. New York: Viking Press, 1970. 18. Says that Frye and Robert Graves arrange the

symbols of myths to create “content,” pigeon-hole it to come up with archetypes, “direct their attention towards a most important problem and, like a hedgehog, build humourless, water-tight systems . . . that, instead of answering the problem or even illuminating it, block access to it.” Carr, Nicholas. “‘I Have Not Abandoned Any Plan’: The Rage in Francis Parkman.” Massachusetts Historical Review 17 (2015): 1–34. “One way of understanding romanticism is through a narrative, the mythos of romance. A romance narrative is a quest toward some redemptive goal, a passage from innocence to experience in which the move toward unity figures as progress. This journey is not uncontested, for the ‘fall’ that precedes unity is a descent into trial by chaos wherein the real and ideal are sundered—a trial that is not only unavoidable but necessary as the precondition for higher synthesis. The dualities of romance derive from this dialectical emplotment of death and rebirth, alienation and belonging, division and unity, and so on. Writ large, the narrative of romance becomes the ‘high argument’ of romanticism.” This conception of romance and its relationship to romanticism draws on Frye as well as M.H. Abrams. Carreño-Rodríguez, Antonio. “Costello + Panza = Costanza: Paradigmatic Pairs in Don Quixote and American Popular Culture.” Journal of Popular Film & Television 37, no. 2 (Summer 2009): 80–9. In a commentary on Don Quixote, relies heavily on Frye’s theory of myths from the Third Essay of Anatomy of Criticism. Carrión, César Eduardo. “El ethos barroco: Una lectura desde la teoría de los modos literarios.” [The Baroque Ethos: A Reading from the Theory of Literary Modes]. Universitas, Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana del Ecuador 15, no. 26 (2017): 163–78. In Spanish. Assesses the concept of “baroque ethos,” created by the EcuadorianMexican thinker Bolívar Echeverría from a particular interpretation of the theory of literary modes developed by Frye in Anatomy of Criticism and reinterpreted by Hayden White in Metahistory. This exercise responds to the opportunity to read the Echeverrian theory as a model of interpretation of the whole history of the West, called “historical ethos.” Carrión, Gabriela. “‘Burlas en tiempo de tantas veras’: Violence and Humor in Lope de Vega’s Los melindres de Belisa.” Bulletin of the Comediantes 67, no. 2 (2015): 15– 31. “If, as [Sebastián de] Covarrubias suggests, there was greater tolerance for the branding of non-Christians in early modern Spain, then its presence in Los melindres

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

is not anomalous. In fact, the dramatization of a slave’s torture has a long-standing tradition in comedy; as Northrop Frye observes, Roman audiences applauded comic works that often included gruesome scenes of a slave’s suffering.” Carroll, Joseph. “Abrams, M.H.” In Encyclopedia of Literary and Cultural Theory, vol. 1, ed. Gregory Castle. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. 1–3. Contrasts Abrams’s romantic criticism with that of Frye and Harold Bloom. –  “The Cuckoo’s History: Human Nature in Wuthering Heights.” Philosophy and Literature 32, no. 2 (October 2008): 241–57. “On the structure of romantic comedy and tragedy Frye, after more than half a century, remains the most authoritative source.” –  Evolution and Literary Theory. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1995. Part 2 of the book contains sections devoted specifically to Darwin, Donald Symons, Northrop Frye, Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, John Bowlby, and (in smaller compass) to Richard Lewontin, Richard Rorty, and Thomas Kuhn. Frye and Derrida are presented as offering positive and negative versions of an archetypal teleology rendered obsolete by Darwin. –  “Literary Study and Evolutionary Theory: A Review Essay.” Human Nature 9, no. 3 (1997): 273–92. “Frederick Turner’s idea of drawing a parallel between current literary study and pre-Darwinian biology was prefigured at mid-century by Northrop Frye, one of the greatest of modern literary theorists. In Mimesis and the Human Animal: On the Biogenetic Foundations of Literary Representation, Robert Storey quotes the locus classicus from Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism: ‘Criticism seems to be badly in need of a coordinating principle, a central hypothesis which, like the theory of evolution in biology, will see the phenomena it deals with as parts of a whole.’ Like Frederick Turner, Storey proposes that biology itself provides this central coordinating principle, and his formulations sound at times very similar to the ethological formulations of Mark Turner.” Carroll, William C. The Metamorphoses of Shakespearean Comedy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985. 38–40. Reviews Frye’s theory of metamorphosis in Shakespeare’s comedies in order to show how it reveals “structural connections among all kinds of transformations.” Contrasts Frye’s approach with his own, which is “to discover how metamorphosis works in the comedies rather than to prove that they all coincide with a certain structural pattern.” Agrees with Frye, however, that Shakespeare’s late plays do reflect

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the basic structure of romance, the most fundamental dramatic genre. Carruthers, Jo. “Decoding, Encoding and Code-Breaking: Hardy’s Far from the Madding Crowd as Cipher of 2 Samuel 11 and 12.” Paper presented at Educating the Imagination: A Conference in Honour of Northrop Frye on the Centenary of His Birth. University of Toronto, October 4–6, 2013. Carson, Benjamin D. “How to Read Harold Bloom and Why.” CEA Critic 80, no. 1 (March 2018): 3–20. “By reading Bloom’s theory of influence pragmatically, we are reading it ‘aesthetically’ (as a wild orchid rather than Trotsky)—that is, as one artistic enunciation in the long tradition of literary criticism that is itself a series of artistic enunciations that includes, among others, the works of not just Johnson, Hazlitt, and Pater but William K. Wimsatt, Northrop Frye, Cleanth Brooks and Robert Penn Warren, and [Kenneth] Burke.” Carstea, Daniela. “Manoeuvring Rhetoricity: Hollow Constructions in the Wake of Modernity.” University of Bucharest Review: Literary and Cultural Studies Series 2 (2006): 109–12. “In what follows I will explore and develop the account . . . of the proposed topos, namely that of ‘philosophical pairs,’ in connection with the two terms put forward by Corin Braga in From Archetype to Anarchetype, with the proviso that they are not employed in the sense that Northrop Frye does, in his Anatomy of Criticism.” Carter, Adam. “‘A Comic Epic-Poem in Prose’: A Half Century of Engaging Northrop Frye’s Canadian Criticism.” English Studies in Canada 37, nos. 3–4 (September–December 2011): 219–34. Grapples with the legacy of Frye’s criticism of Canadian literature largely by way of the essays in Branko Gorjup’s Northrop Frye’s Canadian Literary Criticism and Its Influence. –  “Correspondences: Frye, De Man, Romanticism.” In Educating the Imagination: Northrop Frye Past, Present, and Future, ed. Alan Bewell, Neil Ten Kortenaar, and Germaine Warkentin. Montreal and Kingston: McGillQueen’s University Press, 2015. 164–85. “Considers the way in which Frye and Paul de Man questioned the dominant critical belief, most strongly articulated by M.H. Abrams, that the crowning achievement of Romanticism lay in the creation of poetry that sought to achieve a synthesis of subject and object, mind and nature. For different reasons both critics were dissatisfied with any attempt to identify human existence with nature.” (editors’ abstract) –  “Cosmopolitan and National Culture in Northrop Frye.” University of Toronto Quarterly 81, no. 1 (Winter 2012):

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136–56. “Explores a double trajectory in Frye’s writings between a universalist, cosmopolitan, understanding of culture that transcends locality, and an understanding of culture that traces its connections to the specificities of geography and history and, to some extent, embraces the idea of national and regional cultures. I argue that the two concepts in Frye are joined by the common idea of culture as the achievement of a realm of freedom from nature. I defend this oscillating movement in Frye’s thought by viewing it as a suggestively openended dialectic, one which does not seek to impose a static unity or synthesis upon its opposing terms. The dialectic between cosmos and locus allows Frye’s thought to grapple productively with what Pheng Cheah has called ‘the aporias of given culture’—the various material, natural, and social givens that constitute culture even as they trouble its promised freedom for humanity.” (author’s abstract) –  “Kingdom of Ends: Nation, Post-Nation and National Character in Northrop Frye.” English Studies in Canada 29, no. 3 (2003): 90–115. What is the status of the nation in Northrop Frye’s literary and cultural theory? Frye foresees the end of nation as inevitable in a globalized world and provides a cogent critique of any national ideology that would view the nation as the biographical narrative of a maturing subject. At the same time, however, reasserting the very concepts he would move beyond, he posits the advanced realization of a “postnational consciousness” to be his own nation’s particular identity and virtue. His ideas belong to a tradition of writing on nation and national character that has always conceived the nation in terms of its beyond and has valorized a particular country’s national character as a non-identity. Carter, David. “Eye on Frye.” Daily Mercury [Guelph, ON] (30 May 2001): A4. News item about Don Harron and his wife, Catherine McKinnon, performing a two-person play based on a collection of letters exchanged between Northrop Frye and his wife Helen Kemp during their student days in the 1930s. Cartlidge, Neil. “Medieval Romance Mischief.” In Romance Rewritten: The Evolution of Middle English Romance, ed. Elizabeth Archibald, Megan G. Leitch, and Corrine Saunders. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK: Boydell and D.S. Brewer, 2018. “[T]here are many general accounts of romance as a genre that describe it as a cultural product of a deeply reassuring kind, fundamentally patterned and predictable, ideologically conservative, morally normative and unashamedly aimed at the provision of certain kinds of wish-fulfilment fantasy. Perhaps the classic version of this view is the one offered by

Northrop Frye, in his influential Anatomy of Criticism. His description of literary romance begins with the assertion that ‘The romance is the nearest of all literary forms to the wishfulfilment dream.’ Frye goes on to argue that romance is fundamentally ‘dialectical,’ by which he means that as an imaginative mode it typically divides the world into poles of good and evil. . . .” Cartlidge notes that Bruno Bettelheim’s account of fairy tales is quite close to Frye’s description of romance. Cartwright, Keith. “Notes toward a Voodoo Hermeneutics: Soul Rhythms, Marvelous Transitions, and Passages to the Creole Saints in Praisesong for the Widow.” Southern Quarterly 41, no. 4 (Summer 2003): 127–34. “The structures of freedom and authority circulating in these sacred clearings [jazz rituals and voodoo mysteries] offer an escapist vision similar to Northrop Frye’s evocation of the unfallen Edenic garden. Frye writes that our strongest “‘escape’ literature” sets up ‘a kind of enclosed garden in which we can wander in a state of completely satisfied receptivity.’ What we arrive at is ‘an informing principle of existence,’ a ‘model world’ rising out of tensions between myths of concern (grounded in religion) and myths of freedom (individual desire for unimpeded movement) from which we get ‘glimpses of a third order of experience,’ ‘a world not to see but to see by, an informing power.’ By entering the circle of the creole world’s third order ‘informing power,’ we may step into a ‘voodoo hermeneutics’ through which we may see how Afro-creole music and spirituality offer structures of freedom and authority upon which New World and New World vision may be possessed.” Cartwright, Kent. “Place and Being in Shakespearean Comedy.” In The Oxford Handbook of Shakespearean Comedy, ed. Heather Hirschfeld. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2018. “Scholars have constructed theories of place and movement in Shakespearean comedy. In perhaps the most fertile essay every written on the subject, Northrop Frye, using Two Gentlemen as a prototype, argues that ‘the action of the comedy begins in a world represented as a normal world, moves into the green world, goes into a metamorphosis there in which the comic resolution is achieved, and returns to the normal world.’” Carvalho, Bruno. “From Iberia to Recife: Mysticism and Modernity in the Earlier Poetry of Manuel Bandeira.” Luso-Brazilian Review 47, no. 2 (2010): 178–96. “Applying mystical terminology in the context of Bandeira’s earlier poetry constitutes a perilous scholarly endeavor. After all, if as Northrop Frye points out, ‘[Mysticism] implies a religious technique of spiritual communion with God that is, by its very nature,

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

incommunicable,’ then it is ‘difficult to reconcile [mysticism] with anyone’s poetry’—let alone an atheist’s. Frye, according to Jeffrey Kripal, argues that ‘to the artist qua artist, this [direct, mystical] apprehension is not an end in itself but a means to another end, the end of producing the poem. The mystical experience for him is poetic material, not poetic form, and must be subordinated to the demands of that form.’” Carvalho, Oliva de. “As narrativas de Northrop Frye” [Northrop Frye’s Narratives]. História Essencial da Filosofia. São Paulo: É Realizações, 2002. In Portuguese. Casas, Elías Sevilla. “Metaphor, Interpenetration and Ethnography: A Review Essay with Reflections on Northrop Frye’s Ideas.” Cidse 58 (February 2002): 1–39. Cali, Columbia: Universidad de Valle, Centro de Investigación y Documentación Socioeconómica. Pdf file available at http://econpapers.repec.org/ paper/col000149/004108.htm. Follows Frye’s ideas on interpenetration as a verbal formula for dealing in anthropology with the dynamic and dialectic complexity of sociocultural differentiation and integration, and metaphor as a concrete linguistic unity of the strange and the different. Draws extensively on Denham’s “Interpenetration.” Cascardi, Anthony J. “Calderón’s Encyclopaedic Rhetoric.” Neophilologus 66 (1982): 56–65. “Even in an auto like El gran teatro del mundo, where Calderón, through the ‘autor,’ comes close to speaking words of God. I think it must be said that the action is engaged in an (indirect) imitation of the Divine, and not in its direct representation, which occurs only in the celebration of the Eucharist at the close of the auto. In terms of the traditional levels of meaning, the autos are outstanding at the anagogic level. As Frye notes, ‘The form of literature most deeply influenced by the anagogic phase is the scripture or apocalyptic revelation. The god, whether traditional deity, glorified hero, or apotheosized poet, is the central image that poetry uses in trying to convey the sense of unlimited power in a humanized form.’ This, quite clearly, is Calderón’s ‘autor.’ Frye goes on to underscore the relationship between anagogy and encyclopaedic form: ‘We see the relation to anagogy also in the vast encyclopaedic structure of poetry that seems to be a whole world in itself.’” Caserio, Robert L. Plot, Story, and the Novel: From Dickens and Poe to the Modern Period. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1969. “Challenges the major critical positions of Northrop Frye, Roland Barthes, and Edward Said with regard to the interpretation and evaluation of narrative trends.”

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Casey, John. “A ‘Science’ of Criticism: Northrop Frye.” The Language of Criticism. London: Methuen, 1966. 140–51. Claims that the central problem of Frye’s work is his attempt to establish a science of criticism. Argues that Frye’s theory is not scientific in the sense that Karl Popper uses the term: there are no principles that permit it to be disconfirmed, and archetypal categories do not explain literature as scientific categories explain the natural world. Cash, Peter. “Twelfth Night.” English Association Shakespeare Bookmarks: The English Association 5 (2012): 1–13. “From Northrop Frye’s reference to Angelo, it can be clearly seen that the play is not ‘comic’ in the ha-ha-ha sense of the term, but in the richer and wider senses of the term that Frye and Harold Jenkins give us.” Castellano, Riccardo. “Le fiabe italiane di Calvino, Frye e la Bibbia.” A talk presented at the University of Toronto on 13 September 2018. https://www.academia. edu/37362076/Le_fiabe_italiane_di_Calvino_Frye_e_la_ Bibbia_Conference_University_of_Toronto_13-9-2018. In Italian. “On various occasions Northrop Frye has declared that the Bible is the ‘great code’ of art and its imagery and myths have deeply influenced Western narrative for centuries. This lecture will employ Frye’s notions as methodological tools to examine a selection of Italian folktales that Italo Calvino collected and published in 1956—a year in which the economic boom had begun transforming Italy into a modern society while wiping away a big part of rural culture.” Casteren van Cattenburch, Iris Hanna. “The Globe Sustained: Shakespeare’s Allegory for Sustainable Development.” Futures 87 (March 2017): 24–36. “. . . A third characteristic of allegory is that there is something ‘unlimited’ in it, as Northrop Frye remarked.” Castrén, Minna. “Northrop Fryen Anatomy of Criticism anatomiana” [Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism as an Anatomy]. Heteroglossia—Kirjallisuustieteellisä tutkielmia. Helsingin yliopiston yleisen kirjallisuustieteen, teatteritieteen ja estetiikan laitoksen monistesarja, no. 22 (1993): 16–31. In Finnish. Castro Delgado, Luisa. “Valle-Inclán, entre Aristóteles y Frye” [Valle-Inclán, between Aristotle and Frye]. Anales de la Literatura Española Contemporánea 33, no. 3 (2008): 11–31, 423–43. In Spanish. Frye’s poetics compared to that of Ramón María del Valle-Inclán (1866–1936). Catanese, Christopher. “Refinement and Romantic Genre.” New Literary History 48, no. 1 (Winter 2017): 123–48. “Although in his theorization of a ‘process theory’ of

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genre, he [Ralph Cohen] mounts a sophisticated rebuttal of essentialist or ‘logical’ models of genre (propounded by critics as diverse as Derrida, Northrop Frye, Foucault, Fredric Jameson, and Hans Robert Jauss), in another influential article Cohen maintains that a logical a priori distinction between innovation and variation represents a minimum condition of intelligibility for the interpretation of changing literary forms over time.” Cauchi, Francesca. “Blake and Nietzsche on Self-Slaughter and the Moral Law: A Reading of Jerusalem.” Journal of European Studies 45, no. 1 (2015): 3–20. “The intellectual kinship between Blake and Nietzsche is familiar to scholars of both thinkers on account of Kaufmann’s passing reference to it in his groundbreaking work on Nietzsche, and Northrop Frye’s more detailed comparative account in a chapter entitled ‘Beyond Good and Evil’ in his equally ground-breaking work on Blake.” Caughey, Anna. “The Hero’s Journey.” In A Companion to J.R.R. Tolkien, ed. Stuart D. Lee. Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell, 2014. 404–17. “Using the theories of Joseph Campbell and Northrop Frye as a framework, this chapter considers the extent to which Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings can be read as a traditional medieval questnarrative. It argues that rather than presenting a single quest, Tolkien draws upon the medieval technique of entrelacement to create multiple interlocking questnarratives, and that this lends the work much of its depth and popular appeal.” Cave, Terence. “Northrop Frye: Recognition at the Center.” In Recognitions: A Study in Poetics. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988. 190–9. A study of Frye’s use of the idea of anagnorisis, especially in the Anatomy. Frye’s “method is one which displays the enormous range of possibilities opened up by a conjunction of poetics and modern mythography, of plot with figure. If those possibilities multiply by semantic slippage rather than by controlled conceptual analysis, the freedom is none the less refreshing. The shifting of elements in Frye’s kaleidoscope gives the lover of recognition scenes better value for money than almost anything else in the history of poetics.” For Frye on “displacement,” see Recognitions, pp. 236–7. Cavell, Richard A. “Canadian Cinema and the Intellectual Milieu.” In The Oxford Handbook of Canadian Cinema, ed. Janine Marchessault and Will Straw. New York: Oxford University Press, 2019. 21–34. Notes the several places in Anatomy of Criticism where Frye mentions film. “Two intellectual behemoths continue to hold sway over Canada’s understanding of itself: Northrop Frye and Marshall McLuhan. . . . Frye spent his career

building up a mythos of Nature as the compelling feature of Canadian cultural production, and McLuhan spent his career ripping that mythos apart with the argument that media constituted a second nature.” –  “Canadian Literature in Italy.” Canadian Literature 87 (Winter 1980): 153–6. Comments on the great respect Frye has in Italy and refers to his 1979 lecture tour there. –  “‘Et in “Acadia” Ego’: An Integrative Approach to Canadian Literature.” Spicilegio modemo 17–18 (1982): 12–18. Argues that Frye’s views on Canadian literature are closely connected to the literary theory of Anatomy of Criticism. As a comparatist, Frye suggests that “integration of Canadian literature into the European literary tradition must be the initial premise of a study of what is uniquely Canadian about our literature.” –  “Garrisons and Galaxies.” In McLuhan in Space: A Cultural Geography. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2002. 204–22. Explores the McLuhan-Frye relationship and its relation to the art and academic communities in Canada. Argues that Frye respected McLuhan, even though he was often critical of his work. –  McLuhan in Space: A Cultural Geography. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2003. Considers the critical positions of McLuhan and Frye as providing one of the contexts of McLuhan’s thought. –  “Material Querelle: The Case of Frye and McLuhan.” Essays on Canadian Writing 68 (Summer 1999): 242–65. Places current debates about the materiality of discourse into a Canadian context, tracing the querelle over materiality in which Frye and McLuhan engaged during a twenty-year span: Frye espoused the dematerialization of the social in favour of the (re)materialization of the literary as the social achievement of the ideal culture towards which literature gestures; McLuhan sought to formulate a theory of cultural production that emphasized the role of the (apparently) nonmaterial in the creation of social effects. –  “Mediatic Shakespeare: McLuhan and the Bard.” In Shakespeare and Canada: Remembrance of Ourselves, ed. Irena R. Makaryk and Kathryn Prince. Ottawa, ON: University of Ottawa Press, 2017. “Much of the book [McLuhan and Watson’s From Cliché to Archetype] targets Northrop Frye. McLuhan’s contextual approach to Shakespeare, let alone his mediatic interests, distinguished him from his University of Toronto confrère, with whom he maintained a polemical relationship throughout his career. McLuhan’s approach to Shakespeare was decolonizing; McLuhan argued throughout his career that literary innovation originated on the cultural margins, and this would apply both to

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Shakespeare himself—the dramatist without a university degree—and to the readings of Shakespeare that McLuhan produced in his media studies. His was not a Shakespeare representative of an essential ‘Englishness,’ nor a Shakespeare who represented some unattainable imperial standard for Canadian literature. McLuhan would never have sought, as Frye did, to ‘explain the absence of a Shakespeare in Canada’ because he rejected the nationalist model of literary production and the imperial model of literary criticism that informs Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism. In contrast, not only did Frye spend a considerable part of his career seeking to articulate the Canadianness of Canadian literature (while arguing its perpetual deferral to European literary archetypes), but he also approached Shakespeare as a paradigm of literary form. He states his position at the beginning of a collection of essays on the Bard: ‘there is never anything outside his plays.’” –  “Where Is Frye? Or, Theorizing Postcolonical Space.” Essays on Canadian Writing 56 (Fall 1995): 110–35. Uses Frye’s ideas of architecture and structure in his “Conclusion” to the first edition of the Literary History of Canada to describe a Canadian culture wider than just the literary one. Cavell, Stanley. “Pursuits of Happiness: A Reading of The Lady Eve.” New Literary History 10 (Spring 1979): 581– 601. Argues that Preston Sturges’s film, The Lady Eve, “is an inheritor of the preoccupations and discoveries of Shakespearean romantic comedy, especially as that work has been studied by, first among others, Northrop Frye.” –  “Dostupnost Wittgensteinove kasne filozofije” [The Availability of Wittgenstein’s Later Philosophy]. Književna Republika, časopis za književnost 12 (2016): 69–90. In Croatian. Writing of all kinds (not just “literature”) has features of structure, intonation, and printed form. The forms or genres of writing are best described by Northrop Frye in Anatomy of Criticism. Cawelti, John G. Adventure, Mystery and Romance: Formula Stories as Art and Popular Culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976. Relies on Frye’s theory of genres as a jumping-off place for the investigation of certain underlying patterns in works of popular culture, such as the detective story and the western. Finds that Frye’s “complex catalogue of archetypes” works best when applied to all of literature. Cayley, David. “Inside Mythology: Northrop Frye Talks with David Cayley.” Idler 32 (April 1991): 23–34. A portion of Cayley’s longer interview with Frye found in Northrop Frye in Conversation.

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–  “Northrop Frye.” In David Cayley.com (12 June 2016). http://www.davidcayley.com/podcasts/2016/6/11/ northrop-frye. On interviewing Frye. Ceia, Carlos. “Anatomia.” E–Dictionário de termos literários. http://www.fcsh.unl.pt/edtl/verbetes/A/ anatomia.htm. On the anatomy as a prose form as defined by Frye and on Anatomy of Criticism itself. Cecchetti, Valentino. “Un’ipotesi sulla presenza e la funzione degli archetipi in poesis: Giacomo Noventa e Northrop Frye” [A Hypothesis on the Presence and Function of the Archetypes in Poesis: Giacomo Noventa and Northrop Frye]. Giacomo Noventa: L’errore della cultura italiana dal fascismo a Adriano Olivetti. Chieti: Solfanelli, 2012. In Italian. A proposal on the presence and function of the archetypes in literature, with reference to the publishing company Giacomo Noventa and to Northrop Frye. Cefalu, Gianni. “What’s So Funny about ObsessiveCompulsive Disorder?” PMLA 124, no. 1 (January 2009): 44–58. Examines representations in comedy of obsessive-compulsive disorder. “Comedy, by virtue of its form, drives the more manageable, caricatured version of obsessive-compulsive disorder that we find in the popular media. Consider that, as Northrop Frye and others have demonstrated, comedy typically involves the conversion rather than repudiation of an otherwise irreconcilable blocking character, a conversion that allows for a happy ending and the restoration of an inclusive rather than exclusive society.” Celati, Gianni. “Anatomie e sistematiche letterarie.” Libri Nuovi (August 1969). –  “Archetipologia sistematica: Per una iniziazione all’opera di Northrop Frye” [Systematic Archetypology: An Initiation into the Work of Northrop Frye]. Lingua e Stile [Bologna] 4 (1969): 23–41. In Italian. Maintains that Frye attempts a Coleridgian reconciliation of imitation and inspiration, the two principal methods of studying occidental literature. Gives a summary account of Frye’s use of the Aristotelian terminology. Reviews the five phases of symbolism Frye develops in the Second Essay of Anatomy of Criticism and the structure of archetypal imagery and myths of the Third Essay. Claims that Frye’s most important contribution derives from his method of synthesis, a method that goes beyond considering the literary symbol simply for its psychological or existential content. The critical model elaborated by Frye . . . presents perhaps several partial difficulties, rendered less evident by an unusual stylistic force. But its great advantage is that it does not close its door to other critical methods, equally based on

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systematic demands or—what is more important—on an effective and extensive field work.” Čeňková, Jana. “Romány Wolfganga Herrndorfa v českém kontextu a jejich kritický ohlas” [Wolfgang Herrndorf’s Novels and Their Reception in the Czech Context]. O dieťati, jazyku, literatúre 1 (2017): 42–50. Deriving his principles from literature itself, Frye develops his famous taxonomy of the forms of criticism: historical, ethical, archetypal, and rhetorical. Cerdá, Juan F. “Shakespeare in García Lorca’s Early Poems / Shakespeare en los Primeros Poemas de García Lorca.” Atlantis 33, no. 1 (2011): 33–52. Contrasts the green world of Shakesperian comedy, as described by Frye, with Lorca’s darker comic version of the forest, the Negra verdura. Čermák, Ivo, and Vladimír Chrz. “What Is Life Story Genre?” In Narrative, Memory and Everyday Life, ed. N. Kelly et al. Huddersfield, UK: University of Huddersfield, 2005. Authors draw on Frye’s mythoi in their analysis of life stories. Cerqueira, Rodrigo. “Extravagância estudantil: A forma simbólica possível dos primeiros romances e peças de Joaquim Manuel de Macedo” [Student Extravagance: The Attainable Symbolic Form of Joaquim Manuel de Macedo’s First Novels and Plays]. Novos Estudos 104 (March 2016): 177–92. In Portuguese. “Studies the way Joaquim Manuel de Macedo’s first novels and plays use a concrete symbolic form, the extravagance of his young protagonists, to defuse the disruptive potential that a new form of life causes to the patriarchal ideology.” The Two Loves and Vicentina, for example, are dominated by Frye’s sense of the comic, which requires a reintegration of the orphans back into society. Cervigni, Sino S. “From Beginning to End: Dante’s Judeo-Christian Fourfold Mytho-Poiesis.” Annali d’Itanialistica 18 (2000): 143–74. A reading of Dante based on Frye’s theories of myth and archetype. Ceserani, Remo. “Anatomia della critica.” Il Mondo (1 September 1959). –  “‘Northrop Frye utopico pianificatore della città letteraria” [Northrop Frye: Utopian Planner of the Literary City]. Strumenti Critici 1, no. 4 (October 1967): 431–6. In Italian. Introduces Frye to Italian readers. Calls attention to Frye’s detractors (mentioning John Fraser) as well as those who exalt him, and reviews the several essays in the English Institute volume devoted to Frye. Contrasts Frye’s elaborate rhetorical world, with its labyrinths and recurring designs, to the “more sober and rigorous construction” of Auerbach. Summarizes

Frye’s remarks on Cymbeline in A Natural Perspective, concluding that although Frye does not take us into the particularities of the play he does invite us to discover its musical structure as well as its links with tradition; and herein lies Frye’s importance as a critic. –  “Primo approccio all teoria critica de Frye: Riflessioni attorno al concetto di mondo” [First Approach to the Critical Theory of Frye: Reflections on the Concept of the World]. In Lombardo, Ritratto, 17–38. In Italian. On the problematic nature of Frye’s concept of mode. Chamberlain, Adrian. “Acting ‘Normal’—Theatre Classes Aim to Help Kids on Autism Spectrum.” Times Colonist (23 September 2017). “Victoria’s Nancy Curry knows first-hand the benefits of theatre classes for young people on the autism spectrum. As a youngster, her daughter Kim loved participating in theatre. . . . Starting Monday, Curry—an educator, vocal coach and pianist— will teach a new course at Kaleidoscope Theatre. Titled The Story Wheel, it’s for young people on the autism spectrum. . . . One unusual thing about The Story Wheel is that it’s based on Canadian literary critic Northrop Frye’s theory of archetypes. Class participants will play heroes, villains, sidekicks and mentors from folk tales, classic literature and pop culture. . . . According to Frye’s 1957 book Anatomy of Criticism, which has influenced Curry’s approach, all stories can be divided into archetypes. These include comedy, tragedy, romance and irony/satire. Such archetypes can be further divided into sub-categories, such as different varieties of heroes, for example.” Chamberlain, J. Edward. “Mathematics and Modernism.” In Lee and Denham, Legacy, 230–40. Focuses on the analogies Frye draws between mathematics and literature, which reveal the central concern of modernism. –  “Chanting Down Babylon: Innocence and Experience in the Contemporary Humanities.” In Educating the Imagination: Northrop Frye Past, Present, and Future, ed. Alan Bewell, Neil Ten Kortenaar, and Germaine Warkentin. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2015. 206–26. “Provides a synoptic study of the ways in which the songs of the working classes—ballads, folk songs, cowboy songs, and songs of the Depression—use the imagination as a defense against reality. . . . For Chamberlain, songs are essentially expressions of community; they are linked to ceremonies of belief that seek to create a ground across culture. This is an insight that would have registered deeply with Frye, and to another man committed to using song as a vehicle of imagination, Woody

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Guthrie—who was born the same year and the same day as Frye.” (editors’ abstract) Chambers, Aidan. “Letter from England: Cracking the Great Code.” Horn Book 60 (April 1984): 242–7. Recommends The Great Code to teachers who are concerned that their students have little knowledge of Bible stories. Praises Frye’s “elegant arrangement of the subject matter, the clarity of his thinking, and the evidence it gives of a fine critical intelligence at work.” “[J]ust as Frye has learned from the best literature how to express himself (this is one of the least jargon-ridden works of criticism I’ve read in years), so he has learned that the most effective communication happens through stories. His book is a story; the book he is talking about is a library of stories; and like all the best criticism his makes you want to go back to the original text and read it again for yourself.” Chambers, Erve. “Thalia’s Revenge: Ethnography and Theory of Comedy.” American Anthropologist, New Series, 91, no. 3 (September, 1989): 589–98. Frye’s grammar of literary types in Anatomy of Criticism offers a point of comparison with ethnographic categories. Pays special attention to the anatomy as a form of prose fiction. “In considering the relationship between theories of comedy and modern ethnography, I argue that the genres have in common the regular use of literary modes of exaggeration, exceptionality, reversal, and practice. These shared modes suggest similar critical intent. Recognizing a relationship between theories of comedy and modern ethnography adds to our appreciation of the plurality of the ethnographic endeavor.” (from author’s abstract) Chambers, Jennifer. “Who’s In and Who’s Out: Recovering Minor Authors and the Pesky Question of Critical Evaluation.” In Home Ground and Foreign Territory: Essays on Early Canadian Literature, ed. Janice Fiamengo. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 2014. “When Northrop Frye declares that Canadian literary scholars in general and the authors of that work [Literary History of Canada] in particular have ‘outgrown the view that evaluation is the end of criticism,’ and that the essays therein are ‘cultural history,’ he set the course of how studies in early Canadian literature would progress.” Champion, Larry S. The Essential Shakespeare: An Annotated Bibliography of Major Modern Studies. Boston: Hall, 1986. 176–7, 275, 406, 432. Provides annotations for the following articles and books by Frye: “The Argument of Comedy,” “Recognition in The Winter’s Tale,” The Myth of Deliverance, Fools of Time, and A Natural Perspective.

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Chance, Jane. Review of Desiring Bodies: Ovidian Romance and the Cult of Form, by Gregory Heyworth. Journal of English and Germanic Philology 111, no. 2 (April 2012): 238–41. “What W.P. Ker initiated in Epic and Romance (1896) and Northrop Frye continued in The Secular Scripture: A Study of the Structure of Romance (1976) (following his much more famous but similarly structuralist Anatomy of Criticism [1957]) has been updated, very recently, by Kevin S. Whetter, in Understanding Genre and Medieval Romance (2008), and now, in relation to genre and form, by Heyworth, following Frye on romance as a likely structural nexus for all fiction.” Chandler, Daniel. “An Introduction to Genre Theory.” https://faculty.washington.edu/farkas/HCDE510Fall2012/Chandler_genre_theoryDFAnn.pdf. “In Anatomy of Criticism the formalist literary theorist Northrop Frye (1957) presented certain universal genres and modes as the key to organizing the entire literary corpus. Contemporary media genres tend to relate more to specific forms than to the universals of tragedy and comedy.” –  and Rod Munday. “Comedy.” In A Dictionary of Media and Communication. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2016. The definition of “comedy” relies heavily on Frye. Chandler, James. “The Question of Sensibility.” New Literary History 49, no. 4 (Autumn 2018): 467–92. “We might recall in closing that Abrams’s famous essay ‘Structure and Style in the Greater Romantic Lyric’ appeared in a large and influential collection from the mid-1960s entitled From Sensibility to Romanticism, itself almost certainly premised on the argument of Frye’s earlier intervention in ‘Towards Defining an Age of Sensibility.’ Though Frye had made clear that his ‘definition’ was purely heuristic, that big collection has tended to reinforce the idea that Romanticism had left sensibility behind—and, as we have seen, sensibility is a major blind spot in Abrams’s essay.” Chang, Vanessa. “melos, opsis, lexis.” University of Chicago Media Theory. https://csmt.uchicago.edu/glossary2004/ melosopsislexis.htm. “Critics like Northrop Frye have articulated a collapse of these mediums into each other in the arts. In frameworks such as his, the salient features of a particular medium may appear in another medium. For example, Melos appears in Lexis as the melodic or rhythmic element in poetry. And yet, though Frye’s analysis embodies what is, for some, a needless blurring of the three categories, it still belies the view that each medium has its own essential character.”

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Changku, Bu. “Kaenada hŭ’gok esŏ ŭi chŏngch’e song ui ch’uga” [Toward a Canadian Identity in English Canadian Drama]. In Canadian Literature: Its Emerging Faces: Proceedings, the 1993 Canadian Studies Conference. Seoul: Canadian Studies Center, Sookmyung Women’s University, 1994. 45–66. In Korean. Provides an alternative view to Frye’s principle of the “garrison mentality” in Canadian drama. Charney, Maurice. Comedy High and Low: An Introduction to the Experience of Comedy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978. 181. Notes the strong influence on Frye of Francis M. Cornford’s ritual theory of comedy. Charrier, Philip. “Fuchikami Hakuyō and the ‘Manchukuo Pastoral’ in 1930s Japanese Art Photography.” Japanese Studies 34, no. 2 (July 2014): 169–92. Chaudhuri, Supriya. “Transnational Theory.” JUSAS Online ~ The Web Log of the Jadavpur University Society for American Studies (29 July 2013). https://jusasonline. wordpress.com/2013/07/29/transnational-theory/. The purpose of the well-known 1966 conference at Johns Hopkins University “was to introduce structuralism to the US academy, which was experiencing something of a critical vacuum after the assault upon New Criticism indirectly mounted by Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism (1957). To some extent this effort was successful, since structuralism gained adherents, and the early 1970s saw the publication of books like Fredric Jameson’s The Prison-House of Language (1972) and Robert Scholes’s Structuralism in Literature (1974), followed by Jonathan Culler’s Structuralist Poetics (1975), though each of these critics came to structuralism through different routes.” Chawla, Nishi Bir. “Northrop Frye and the Mythos of Comedy.” In Aithal, The Importance of Northrop Frye, 19–39. On Frye’s understanding of the structure of comedy. Chellappan, K. “Northrop Frye as a Canadian Structuralist.” In Literary Theory: (Re)Reading Culture and Aesthetics, ed. Jameela Begum and B. Hariharan. Delhi: Pencraft International, 1997. 130–44. On Frye’s contribution to the study of Canadian literature. Chen Di Wen, Xu Xu. “Implications of Paradox in Frye’s Archetypal Theory.” World Literature Review 1 (2012). In Chinese. Chen, Houcheng, and Ning Wang, eds. Contemporary Western Critical Theories in China. Tianjin: Chen, Hundred-Flower Literary and Art Press, 2000. In Chinese.

Chen, Jincheng. Archetypal Criticism and Reinterpretation. Beijing: Dongfang Press, 1998. In Chinese. Chen, John Z. Ming. “Out of the Ivory Tower: Sociopolitical Solution and Criticism?” In Marxism and 20th-Century English-Canadian Novels: A New Approach to Social Realism. Berlin: Springer, 2015. “It is with a palpable sense of completion and resignation that Northrop Frye wrote the comments . . . about Canadian literature in his ‘Conclusion’ (1966) to the very first edition of Literary History of Canada, immediately after measuring Canadian artistic qualities up to the 1970s against literary giants of world reputation. On the one hand, Frye insists on treating the wholeness or integrity of whatever is produced culturally on the Canadian soil, not missing much of value at least by Canadian standards. On the other hand, Frye’s predominantly formalistic and archetypal criticism, typified most notably by his Anatomy of Criticism, where he refers to no more than one Canadian writer and advocates not only strict and autonomous literary criticism by ‘universal’ norms and rules but also a divorce of literature from politics, philosophy and other disciplines, may have severely blinded him to the necessarily combined achievements of artistic and aesthetic merits and political, critical and ideological acumen in social realist works.” (author’s abstract) –  “Reinterpreting History from a (Neo-)Marxist Perspective: Social, Intellectual and Literary Background.” In Marxism and 20th-Century EnglishCanadian Novels: A New Approach to Social Realism. Berlin: Springer, 2015. 35–68. “Northrop Frye, in the ‘Conclusion’ to the first edition of Literary History of Canada (1965), notices with remarkable perception the composition and approaches of the contributors: they come from divergent disciplines; they all attempt to interpret, theorize and summarize the significance of one part of the Canadian imagination—be it fiction, poetry, drama, history or political science. Manifested are his warm endorsement and appreciation of Carl Klinck’s valiant efforts to pull scholars from so many diverging fields. Such a comprehensive or near total perspective on literature as part of the Canadian culture or imagination certainly goes against the grain of Frye’s own more formalist approach to literary studies so vigorously championed in the Anatomy of Criticism (1957). And yet, Frye’s relatively recent gesture should come as a welcome sign, as contemporary criticism moves in a direction away from the purely literary: a sure sign of this would be Linda Hutcheon’s openminded embrace of ‘theory’ having made its rapid entry into literary studies and curriculum.” (from the author’s abstract)

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Chen, John Z. Ming, and Ji Yuhua. “Harmony, Beautiful Balance, and ‘Fearful Symmetry’: Aspects of Fred Cogswell’s Yin/Yang Aesthetics.” In Canadian-Daoist Poetics, Ethics, and Aesthetics: An Interdisciplinary and Cross-Cultural Study. Berlin: Springer, 2016. 105–23. Frye’s criticism is referenced throughout this and other chapters of the book. –  Marxism and 20th-Century English-Canadian Novels: A New Approach to Social Realism. Berlin: SpringerVerlag, 2015. Frye’s critical views are used throughout as a fulcrum on which to balance the authors’ neo-Marxist principles. Chen, Ping. “Northrop Frye’s “Critical Path.” Foreign Literature 3 (2001). In Chinese. Chen, Qiang. “The Archetypal Exploration of the Myth of Macbeth and the Bible.” Foreign Language Education and Teaching 11 (2011). In Chinese. Cheng, Xiuping. “On Archetypal Criticism and Its Application to Research on Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature.” Journal of the Northeast Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 5 (2006). In Chinese. Cherepanova, Rozalia. “A Commentator or a Character in a Story? The Problem of the Narrator in Oral History.” In Reclaiming the Personal: Oral History in Post-Socialist Europe, ed. Natalia Khanenko-Friesen and Gelinada Grinchenko. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2015. 122–46. Notes the ways that Frye’s four narrative patterns have influenced the study of narratives in other fields, such as history (Hayden White) and psychology (Kevin Murray). Cherpak, Clifton. “Positivism, Piety, and the Study of Voltaire’s Philosophical Tales.” The Eighteenth Century: Theory and Interpretation 24 (Winter 1983): 23–37 [25–6]. Looks at the way that Frye, among others, categorizes the conventional form of Voltaire’s tales by placing them in the rich tradition of Menippean satire. Finds, however, that some of the tales do not fit Frye’s descriptions because Voltaire “had a habit of combining elements derived from different literary forms within a single tale.”

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Conclusions.” Communication Quarterly 51, no. 4 (Fall 2003): 367–418. See preceding entry. Chesebro, James W., Davis A. Foulger, Jay E. Naghman, and Andrew Yannelli. “Popular Music as a Mode of Communication, 1955–1982.” Critical Studies in Media Communication 2, no. 2 (June 1985): 115–35. Employing a dramatistic system based upon the critical frameworks of Kenneth Burke and Frye, presents a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the fifteen most popular recorded single records each year between 1955 and 1982. Chester, Blanca. “Green Grass, Running Water: Theorizing the World of the Novel.” Canadian Literature 161–2 (Summer–Autumn 1999): 44–61. Part of a special issue on Thomas King. King’s novel Green Grass, Running Water pays homage to the distinctive voice of the Okanagan storyteller Harry Robinson, who comes from an oral tradition that is both a mode of artistic expression and part of a broader social context. Also offers a thoroughgoing critique of the literary theories of Frye. Cheyney, Ryan. “The One Who Burns Herself for Peace.” Hypatia 9, no. 2 (1994): 21–39. Glances at Frye and Simone Weil on the mystical body of Christ. Chiari, Sophie. “‘We see / The seasons alter’: Climate Change in A Midsummer Night’s Dream.” In Shakespeare’s Representation of Weather, Climate and Environment: The Early Modern “Fated Sky.” Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2019. A “fairly gloomy vision of the forest in Shakespeare’s play anticipates our contemporary vision of a world marked by ecopessimism and disillusion about climate and partly belies Northrop Frye’s optimistic analysis which, in 1957, presented the forest comedies as places of harmony and restoration.”

Chesebro, James W. “Communication, Values, and Popular Television—A SeventeenYear Assessment.” Communication Quarterly 39, no. 3 (1991): 197–225. Uses a dramatistic system based on the critical frameworks of Frye and Kenneth Burke to analyse more than 900 primetime television programs.

Chiciudean, Gabriela. “L’imaginaire de l’espace antiutopique chez Swift et Ion Eremia” [Dystopian Space Imagination from Swift to Ion Eremia]. Caietele Echinox 25 (2013): 277–92. In French. “Starting from the two reference points for specialists, namely Plato and Thomas More, we are talking about two matters: the utopia as having the characteristics of exposure and dialogue, the second, the description of the elements of internal conflict. Northrop Frye puts utopias into two main categories, those which approach theory as social and political (according to the models of Plato and More), and those with technical themes, as in science fiction (according to Bacon’s model).

–  “Communication, Values, and Popular Television Series- A Twenty-Five-Year Assessment and Final

Chidley, Joe. “Mythos and Anagogy: Macpherson’s The Boatman and Anatomy of Criticism.” Essay for Professor

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Namjoshi’s “Modern Poetry” (30 January 1985). Manuscript is in the library, Scarborough College, University of Toronto. Chifane, Cristina. “The Symbolism of Nature.” University of Bucharest Review: Literary and Cultural Studies Series 1 (2012): 57–64. “The four cycles of the natural world have been associated by Frye with four narrative patterns (spring/comedy, summer/romance, autumn/ tragedy and winter/irony; satire) out of which the mythos of autumn and the mythos of winter seem to better define Hardy’s novels. Many Hardyan characters become an embodiment of the tragic hero who has the potential of being superior and dreams of happiness, but will never achieve his goals due to the puzzling complexities of life entrapping him in a predeterminism inscribed in the natural surroundings.” Chifor, Agata. “Alegorii sacre în arta barocă orădeană” [Sacred Allegory in the Baroque Art of the Oradea]. Sargetia: Acta Musei Devensis 2 (2011): 231–45. In Romanian. Calls on Frye’s definition of allegory. Chikichi, Matsushita. Review of Romanticism Reconsidered, ed. Northrop Frye. The Albion 10 (1964): 129–34. Chirila, Alexander. “Archetypal Criticism: Northrop Frye and the New Science of Archetypes.” In The Encyclopedia of Literary and Cultural Theory. Hoboken. NJ: Wiley, 2011. Credo Reference. Online. 18 February 2015. Chlebek, Diana. “Canada.” The Journal of Commonwealth Literature 48, no. 4 (2013): 471–94. –  “Canada.” Journal of Commonwealth Literature 49, no. 4 (2014): 475–99. –  “Canada.” Journal of Commonwealth Literature 50, no. 4 (2015): 441–67. Cho, Lily. “Canadian Literature at 60: Inhabiting Discomfort.” Canadian Literature, no. 239 (2019): 25–183. “One question then: how do we separate out the problematic? I understand the question more precisely, and along the lines that Carrie Dawson so presciently identified ten years ago, by tracing an unlikely line between Northrop Frye, Sara Ahmed, and Dionne Brand, as the affective register of Canadian literary criticism, the depth of the feelings that we have for our critical work, as what hurts.” Choi, Jung-buck. “Northrop Frye’s Principle of Criticism as Science: Its Validity and Its Problems.” Kyungsung University Bulletin 5, no. 1 (1984): 133–53. In Korean.

Choi, Min-Sung. “The Structure of Myth and the Storytelling Model.” Publications of the International Literary Society 42 (April 2008): 493–521. In Korean. –  “Study of an Integrated Scenario for a Creation Model.” Korean Language and Culture 38 (2009): 367–91. In Korean. “We can accept the hero mythology as a powerful archetype syntagm that can be a basic model for storytelling. . . . Surely, it would be some help to understand the structure of syntagm in creating a story. But a more accurate storytelling model can be obtained if there is a standard on how to choose elements of the paradigm. To that end, this paper used Northrop Frye’s theory of myth analysis, which offers a good standard on how to select necessary syntagmatic elements. By combining theories proposed by Campbell and Northrop Frye, this paper presents a comprehensive storytelling model based on the myth structure, while at the same time discussing detailed methodologies.” (author’s abstract) Choi, Mjung-Ho. “Images of Latin America and Mexico through the Video Game.” Asian Journal of Latin American Studies 29, no. 1 (2016): 133–59. “From an aesthetic point of view the video game could be considered a new method to express beauty; from an artistic perspective it is a new genre of composite art, and from the narratological perspective in the theory of Northrop Frye it is a refined digital romance, and finally from the perspective of cultural assimilation it is a new method to be investigated, and also the method to spread Latin American and Mexican cultures.” Cholette, Katie. “Playing the Art World: The Rise and Fall of Greg Curnoe” [Jouer le jeu du monde artistique: Montée et chute de Greg Curnoe]. British Journal of Canadian Studies 29, no. 1 (2016): 47–82. “Frye claimed that ‘the question of identity is primarily a cultural and imaginative question.’ He reasoned that ‘the question of Canadian identity, so far as it affects the creative imagination, is not a Canadian question at all, but a regional question.’ He distinguished between identity, which he claimed was ‘local and regional, rooted in the imagination and in works of culture,’ and unity, which he said was ‘national in reference, international in perspective, and rooted in a political feeling.’ Imagination was a very important concept for Frye; he believed that ‘the real function of the imagination in every community, and of the poets who articulate that imagination,’ was to synthesise disorder to create unity.” Chomiuk, Aleksandra. “Antybaśń w nowelistycznej ramie: O Naszyjniku Guy de Maupassanta” [Anti-Fairy Tale in a Novelistic Frame: On The Necklace by Guy de Maupassant]. Czytanie Literatury: Łódzkie Studia

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Literaturoznawcze 6 (2017): 195–205. In Polish. Notes Frye’s remark in “Myth, Fiction, and Displacement,” that the Cinderella fairy tale has been repeated hundreds of thousands of times in middle-class fiction. Chong, Derrick. “The Relevance of Management to Society: Peter Drucker’s Oeuvre from the 1940s and 1950s.” Journal of Management History 19, no. 1 (2013): 55–72. On the similarities between Drucker’s humanistic philosophy of management and Frye’s championing an educated imagination. Frye ended The Educated Imagination—“using language and adopting a perspective that could have come from Drucker— by reminding us that individual choices have moral ramifications as they help to shape the society we inhabit.” Chorpenning, Joseph F. The Divine Romance: Teresa of Avila’s Narrative Theology. Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1992. Applies the theories of Frye to Teresa’s Life, Way of Perfection, Interior Castle, and Foundations in order to show that these works rely on a common narrative framework—the universal journey of descent and eventual ascent to God. –  “Loss of Innocence, Descent into Hell, and Cannibalism: Romance Archetypes and Narrative Unity in Carcel de Amor.” Modern Language Review 87, no. 2 (April 1992): 342–51. Uses Frye’s narrative archetypes to analyse Diego de San Pedro’s Carcel de Amor: the narrative moves from innocence to a demonic world and then on to an ascent and a series of trials leading to a return to goodness. –  “Santa Teresa’s Libro de la vida as Romance: Narrative Movements and Heroic Quest.” Revista Canadiense de Estudios Hispánicos 14, no. 1 (1989): 51–64. Reads Saint Teresa’s Vida in terms of the grammar of romance narrative found in Frye’s The Secular Scripture. Chriss, James J. “Gouldner’s Tragic Vision.” Sociological Quarterly 43, no. 1 (2002): 81–96. Frye is cited as one of several writers, including Whitehead, who have noted the proximity between the appearance of tragic theatre and scientific revolutions: fifth-century Greece and early seventeenth-century Europe. Christensen, Lars ThØger, and Joep Cornelissen. “Organizational Transparency as Myth and Metaphor.” European Journal of Social Theory 18, no. 2 (2015): 132–49. Both Frye and Frank Kermode “link myths to metaphors, as the direct embodiment of those myths in ways of speaking and thinking in the present. Frye argues that myth and metaphor are interrelated in time and space. Where a metaphor establishes a condition of equivalence in the here-and-now that allows us to

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consider an abstract concept or a practice as if it were a different thing existing elsewhere, myth suggests a condition of equivalence which held in the past and will continue to hold in the future. This also suggests that when metaphors take on mythical proportions, and when they come to embody myths in a direct manner (so that the ‘as if’ hypothetical and figurative nature of a metaphor becomes a literal ‘as’ representation of the way things are), these metaphors themselves take on a condition of equivalence.” Christensen, Peter G. “Oscar Wilde’s De Profundis: Prison Letter as Myth.” In Donaldson and Mendelson, Frye and the Word, 265–79. Drawing on Frye’s definition of myth, examines Wilde’s De Profundis as a work in which the author creates himself as a figure of mythic proportions. Christiansen, Johanne Louise. “A Woman’s ‘SelfWronging’: A Gender Subtheme in the Qur’anic Encounter between Solomon and the Queen of Sheba.” Literature & Theology 32, no. 4 (December 2018): 397– 422. “Literary studies into the Qur’anic text have seen a significant growth in the last three decades. This strand of research within the field of Qur’anic studies is in particular inspired by similar academic efforts in Biblical Studies, exemplified by scholars such as Northrop Frye (d. 1991) and Robert Alter.” Christie, William. “‘The burden of the mystery’: William Wordsworth’s ‘Tintern Abbey.” The Two Romanticisms and Other Essays: Mystery and Interpretation in Romantic Literature. Sydney, Australia: University of Sydney Press, 2016. “Using Northrop Frye’s functional distinction between the ‘episodic’ thematic mode as discontinuous and the ‘encyclopedic’ thematic mode as more extended and continuous, we can say that ‘Tintern Abbey’ is a record of episodic discontinuities and doubts in search of the continuous and encyclopedic features in human experience.” –  “The Edinburgh Review” in the Literary Culture of Romantic Britain: Mammoth and Megalonyx. London: Routledge, 2009. “In the Victorian period and after, the ambivalence towards Wordsworth that had marked the attitudes of many of his contemporaries largely disappeared, allowing an authorized or Tory version of literary history to develop through critical theories otherwise nominally anti-Romantic—through the high culturalism of Matthew Arnold, for example, the Anglo-Catholicism of T.S. Eliot, and the asceticism of F.R. Leavis and the New Criticism—as well as, later, through theories both sympathetic to Romanticism and themselves Romantic, like the archetypal anatomizing

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of Northrop Frye, the Freudian agon of Bloom, and the Hegelian or apocalyptic historicism of M.H. Abrams.” Christman, John. “Narrative Unity as a Condition of Personhood.” Metaphilosophy 35, no. 5 (October 2004): 695–713. Examines the claim made by several writers in philosophy and the social sciences that for an individual to count as a person, a single personality, or the subject of a life, the experiences of the subject in question must take a narrative form. Argues that narrativity is a misleading and, in some ways of understanding it, implausible condition of what it is that adds unity to personhood and personality. Pursues this critique by considering canonical accounts of narrativity in philosophy and literary studies, including Frye’s theory of narrative. Christopher, Joe R. “Alice’s [successful] Adventures in Wonderland: An Appreciation of Its One Hundred Fifty Years.” Mythlore 34, no. 1 (2015): 142–52. Claims that Frye’s analysis of the four forms of prose fiction is useful in deciding what kind of fiction Alice in Wonderland is: an anatomy. –  Review of Detecting Wimsey: Papers on Dorothy L. Sayers’s Detective Fiction, by Nancy-Lou Paterson. Mythlore 36, no. 2 (Spring–Summer 2018): 154–7. “[T]his reviewer is not convinced by Northrop Frye’s definition of farce in his treatment of genres in Anatomy of Criticism,” which is Paterson’s touchstone in her discussion. Chrz, Vladimir, and Ivo Čermak. “Žánry příběhů, které žijeme” [Genres of Stories We Live By]. Československá psychologie: Časopis pro psychologickou teorii a praxi [Prague] 49, no. 6 (2005): 481–95. In Czech. Examines the psychological meaning of Frye’s mythoi. Chukwumah, Ignatius. “The African Literary Artist and the Question of Function.” Ufahamu: Journal of the African Activist Association (Online) 38, no. 2 (Winter 2015): 129–52. Notes Frye’s view of how a poet (Yeats in particular) accepts symbols from a mythology. Cites Frye throughout. –  “Frye’s Thought and Its Implications for the Interpretation of Nigerian Narratives.” Comparative Literature and Culture 15, no. 1 (March 2013). 1–9. “Applies Northrop Frye’s theoretical work on archetypes, mythoi, and modes for the analysis of Nigerian literature. Chukwumah’s application in the interpretation of Nigerian literature results in the understanding that the hero as conceived by Frye is not exactly the same as Africa’s or Nigeria’s and requires that scholars and critics of African texts fill up the ellipses generated by Frye with an autochthonous,

resistant, rewarding, African-related symbolic templates in order to make the sense of the hero in both traditional and postcolonial African/Nigerian literatures in a manner that is somewhat substitutive, but mainly complementary.” (publisher’s abstract) –  “Lazarus, Noah, and the Enunciation of the Resurrection Mythos in Soyinka’s The Interpreters.” Matatu: Journal for African Culture & Society 42, no. 1 (2013): 247–54. Applies “Frye’s concept of mythos—the structure of imagery significantly allied with the central character(s) of this work—offers a textual interpretation of the mythos of resurrection as anchored mainly in Lazarus and Noah, along with other minor characters who bear some slight relation to this mythos. It also shows how said mythos, concealed but later unearthed, ultimately announces the possibility and practicability of pure textual analysis that has been skipped with respect to The Interpreters and, by extension, the entire Nigerian literary tradition.” –  “Mythic Displacement in Nigerian Narratives.” Ilha do Desterro 65 (2013): 73–105. “Five decades of resorting to humanistic critical procedures have bequeathed to the Nigerian critical practice the legacy of examining and discovering in Nigerian and African narratives the historical and social concepts of the time and times they are presumed to posit. These concepts include colonialism, corruption, war, political instability, and culture conflict. These procedures are undertaken without due regard to seeing the whole of the literary tradition as a stream out of which narratives emerge. This article, therefore, by way of introduction, seeks to retrieve Nigerian narratives from ‘every author’ and humanistic critical approach by placing them in a realm where a holistic method such as Frye’s could be applied. Here, the traverses of the structure of mythical imagery such as the mythos of crime and punishment as embodied in these narratives and how this structure was displaced/shrouded from Frye’s first mimetic mode to the last, via the concept of mythic displacement, will be analysed.” (author’s abstract) Chul-Gyun, Lyou. “An Analysis of the Narrative Strategy in the Epilogue System of Korean Nature Documentaries.” Journal of the Korea Content Association 14, no. 4 (2014): 67–77. Analyses the distinctive narrative features of the epilogues of TV documentaries based on Frye’s four narrative patterns. The study focuses on the TV series Tears of the Antarctic. Ciglar-Žaniæ, Vidan, and Ivo Janja. “Northrop Frye u razgovoru” [Northrop Frye in Conversation]. Republika 11 (1990): 48–56. In Croatian. An interview

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

with Frye, held in his hotel on the occasion of his visit to Zagreb to receive an honorary degree from the University of Zagreb in 1990. The interview focuses on Frye’s theoretical assumptions in relation to those of structuralism, deconstruction, and neomarxism. The interviewers also solicit responses from Frye about genre theory, especially as it relates to romance, and about his long-term interest in Blake, Milton, and Shakespeare. Čiočytė, Dalia. “Archetipinė gyvenimo—sapno metafora ir jos literatūrinės interpretacijos” [The Archetypical Metaphor of Life as Dream and Its Literary Interpretations]. Literatura 50, no. 1 (2008): 49–58. In Lithuanian. Maintains that in the context of Western culture, the archetypal metaphor of life as a dream (or living in a dream) is first seen in the Bible as in what Frye calls “the grammar of literary archetypes.” Compares the function of the metaphor in Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Calderón’s La vida es sueño, and Strindberg’s A Dream Play, as well as in Lithuanian works by Zbignievas Morštynas, Vydūnas, and Šatrijos Ragana. –  Biblija Vakarų pasaulio literatūroje (BUS): Teorinės modulio dalies paskaitų konspektas [The Bible in Western World Literature (BUS): A Summary of the Theoretical Module for Lectures]. Vilnius: Vilnius universitetas, 2016. In Lithuanian. –  “Literatūra ir žmogaus pasaulis” [Literature and the Human World]. Literatūra 1 (2015): 110–12. In Lithuanian. –  “Romantizmas ir krikščioniškoji vakarų kultūros” [Romanticism and Christian Western Culture]. Literatūra 47, no. 1 (2005). In Lithuanian. Seeks to understand the current cultural situation in Lithuania in terms of Frye’s principle that the study of past culture always throws light on the present one. –  “Tautiškosios religinės tapatybės svarstymai literatūros teologijos aspektu” [National Religious Identity from the Perspective of Theology of Literature]. Literatūra 5 (2006): 105–17. In Lithuanian. Ciornea, Carmen. “Anthropological Structures of the Religious Imaginary in Sandu Tudor’s Norm–Poem.” Research and Science Today (April 2015): 34–47. Frye is seen as one of the critics who has opened up the dialogue between religion and literature. Cixous, Hélène. “Une science de la littérature.” Le Monde. Supplement to no. 7086 (25 October 1967): iv. In French. A summary of Frye’s “science of literature” as developed in Anatomy of Criticism. Outlines the theoretical bases of Frye’s system, including his theories

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of genre, archetype, and myth. “Frye demonstrates that the revolutions in the history of literature are always revolutions of literary form, ‘modulations’ of literary convention. He recommends, then, for those who want to understand the changes in sensibility (romanticism, for example), to begin by studying the history of imagery: it is in the image of the world projected by men that is the ‘imaginary dwelling’ into which they enter when they begin to read—the image of another world which is ours.” Clark, Elizabeth A. “The Celibate Bridegroom and His Virginal Brides: Metaphor and the Marriage of Jesus in Early Christian Ascetic Exegesis.” Church History 77, no. 1 (March 2008): 1–25. Notes in passing Frye’s view that metaphor lies at the heart of Christian language. Clark, J. Wilson. “The Line of National Subjugation in Canadian Literature.” Literature & Ideology 7 (1970): 81–8. Says Frye is one of the dominant critical figures who writes from a willing posture of Canadian subjugation to US economics, politics, and culture. Cites Frye’s “Conclusion” to Literary History of Canada as an example of this posture. –  “Two Lines in Canadian Literary History.” Literature & Ideology 15 (1973): 27–36. Maintains that literary historians such as Frye, who insist that the physical environment has been the primary force shaping the Canadian imagination, explain Quebec’s separatism in terms of isolation—the garrison mentality induced by a vast countryside. Compares this view with Margaret Atwood’s. Clark, Richard C. “Bibliographical Spectrum and Review Article: Is There a Canadian Literature?” Review of National Literatures: Canada 7 (1967): 133–64 [154–6]. On Frye’s “Conclusion” to Literary History of Canada. Clark, Roy Peter. Murder Your Darlings: And Other Gentle Writing Advice from Aristotle to Zinsser. New York: Little, Brown, 2020. “A collection of over a hundred writing tips gleaned from fifty popular writing books. Chapters are devoted to each key strategy. Author expands and contextualizes original authors’ suggestions and shares how each tip helped other authors improve their skills.” Frye’s tip: Write for sequence, then for theme. “I would love to listen in on a conversation between Frye and Lajos Egri. Egri turns a theme—in the form of a brief and pointed premise—into an engine that summarizes and generates the action of a play.” Clark, Sandra. William Shakespeare: “The Tempest.” Penguin Critical Studies. London: Penguin, 1988. 73. In her final chapter, “Criticism of The Tempest,” Clark

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discusses briefly Frye’s interpretation of the play as a romance. Clark, Stephen R.L. “Late Pagan Alternatives: Plotinus and the Christian Gospel.” Religious Studies 52, no. 4 (December 2016): 545–60. Remarks on Frye’s view of the hell-world. Clark, Steve. “‘Something’s Lost but Something’s Gained’: Joni Mitchell and Postcolonial Lyric.” In Canadian Music and American Culture: Get Away from Me, ed. Tristanne Connolly and Tomoyuki Iino. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. 27–46. Argues that Joni Mitchell “represents a post-colonial identity involving an ‘urge for going’ that means both departure and return. With reference to Northrop Frye, Clark explicates the symbolism of history, geography, and climate that resonates within the lyricism of her songs, while tracing allusions to poetic tradition including Shakespeare, Milton, and Yeats.” (from publisher’s abstract) –  “‘There Is No Competition’: Eliot on Blake, Blake in Eliot.” Blake, Modernity and Popular Culture. London: Palgrave, 2007. 78–99. “Probably the majority of contemporary Blake critics would wholeheartedly endorse these sentiments about a writer who has become something of a hate figure in recent years: even the usually courteous and urbane Northrop Frye is moved to describe Eliot’s ideas as ‘fantastic and repellent.’ This is partly owing to the continuing impact of specific negative judgements, partly to commitment to an Anglo-Catholic royalist politics that has gone terminally out of fashion (though when was it ever in?), and partly to the promotion, in both poetry and criticism, of an ideal of elite culture which is now widely regarded as oppressive.” (author’s abstract) Clark, Timothy. “Ecological Grief and Anthropocene Horror.” American Imago 77, no. 1 (2020: 61–80. “In a seminal anthology Neil Everden endorsed the supposedly ecological ethics implicit in something Northrop Frye wrote about art, ‘that the goal of art is to recapture, in full consciousness, that original lost sense of identity with our surroundings, where there is nothing outside the mind of man, or something identical with the mind of man.’” Clark, Walter H., Jr. Review of René Wellek, Discriminations: Further Concepts of Criticism. Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 30 (1972): 389–91 [390–1]. Takes issue with Wellek’s attack on Frye’s criticism as an elaborate and fanciful fiction that totally disregards the literary text. Maintains that the significant thing about Frye’s system “is not so much the term

‘mythology’ but rather the fact that he is proposing a means of identifying, sorting and relating works of literature according to type. . . . It is as genre, or taxonomy, that Frye’s system is of greatest theoretical interest.” Clark, William. Academic Charisma and the Origins of the Research University. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006. Borrows from and adapts the ideas of Frye and others to establish the framework for his discussion. –  “Narratology and the History of Science.” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 26 (1995): 1–72. Categorizes some recent works in the philosophy of science according to Frye’s narrative typology of the four mythoi. Clarke, G.J. “Ends as Means: Christian Eschatology as a Critical Tool for Approaching Postmodernism.” In The Strategic Smorgasbord of Postmodernity: Literature and the Christian Critic, ed. Deborah Bowen. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2007. 49–70. “Structuralist critic Northrop Frye has done the most of any critic to establish the significance of the Bible’s structure and typology for understanding literature. The Bible is the model for the apocalyptic structure of narrative. . . . Frye provides the evidence that the Bible is also the source for myth, archetype, symbol, and metaphor.” Clarke, George Elliott. “AAR Centennial Roundtable.” Review of Canticles: Hymns of the African Baptists of Nova Scotia. Journal of the American Academy of Religion 82, no. 3 (2014): 591–605. –  “Collecting His Wits.” Canadian Literature 208 (Spring 2011): 153–5. Review of Collected Works of George Grant, ed. Arthur Davis and Henry Roper. “The Collected Works prove Grant was one of our chief intellectuals, ranking easily with Northrop Frye, Marshall McLuhan (both of whom he lambastes), Harold Innis (whom he admires), and Linda Hutcheon.” Clarke, Michael Tavel. Review of Rethinking the Romance Genre: Global Intimacies in Contemporary Literary and Visual Culture, by Emily Davis. Ariel 47, nos. 1 and 2 (January–April 2016): 405–7. “While some of Davis’s history [of the romance genre] is familiar and consistent with definitions of romance offered by literary historians like Northrop Frye, it has the effect of admitting just about any text into the romance tradition.” Clarke, Richard L.W. “Northrop Frye, ‘The Archetypes of Literature’” (1951). http://www.rlwclarke.net/Courses/ LITS2307/2004–2005/04BFryeArchetypesofLiterature. pdf.

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Clarkson, Adrienne. “Speech on the Occasion of the Opening of the Northrop Frye International Literary Festival,” Moncton, NB, 24 April 2003. http:// www.gg.ca/media/doc.asp?lang=e&DocID=1098. French text at http://www.gg.ca/media/doc. asp?DocID=1098&lang=f. On Frye as a teacher, from one of his former students. Clary-Lemon, Jennifer. “Shifting Tradition: Writing Research in Canada.” American Review of Canadian Studies 39, no. 2 (2009): 94–111. Reviews Frye’s ideas on the function of studying English in higher education. Clausson, Nils. “Dickens’s Genera Mixta: What Kind of a Novel Is Hard Times?” Texas Studies in Literature and Language 52, no. 2 (Summer 2010): 157–80. Draws on Frye’s “Dickens and the Comedy of Humours” in identifying New Comedy features of Hard Times as well as its links to the Menippean satire. –  “Interpretation, Genre, Revaluation: The Conventions of Romance and the Romance of Religion in Benjamin Disraeli’s Lothair.” Dickens Studies Annual: Essays on Victorian Fiction 43 (2012): 187–208. Draws on Frye’s influential account of romance in The Secular Scripture. –  “Pastoral Elegy into Romantic Lyric: Generic Transformation in Matthew Arnold’s Thyrsis.” Victorian Poetry 48, no. 2 (Summer 2010): 173–94. “In his brilliant essay on ‘Lycidas,’ Northrop Frye makes a remark that is particularly pertinent to understanding ‘Thyrsis.’ In pastoral elegies, says Frye, the poet whose death is mourned is often ‘a kind of double or shadow’ of the elegist, so that in writing about the deceased poet the elegist is also writing about himself.” Clayton, Tom. “Two Textual Cruxes in The Tempest.” Notes and Queries 63, no. 3 (2016): 436–41. Cleary, Thomas R. “Fielding: Style for an Age of Sensibility.” Transactions of the Samuel Johnson Society of the Northwest, vol. 6 (Calgary: Samuel Johnson Society of the Northwest, 1973): 91–6. Examines Frye’s description of Fielding as a “product” novelist of the eighteenth century, opposed to such “process” novelists as Sterne. Concludes that Frye’s distinction, which appears in “Towards Defining an Age of Sensibility,” may be false. Clements, Robert J. “Report of the Sixth Triennial Congress of the Associazione Internazionale per gli Studi di Lingua e Letteratura Italiane.” Italica 45, no. 1 (March 1968): 122. Although Frye did not attend the conference, he contributed one of the papers (“II Romanticismo: Teoria e Sviluppo”); it was ideologically attacked by scholars from Eastern Europe.

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Clinton, Dan. “Genre.” Part of a syllabus for “Theories of Media” (Department of English, University of Chicago). https://csmt.uchicago.edu/glossary2004/genre.htm/. Relies substantially on Frye’s theory of genre. Clissold, Bradley D. “Don DeLillo’s Anagogic Postcards: Thematic Inscriptions Writ Small.” Canadian Review of American Studies 45, no. 3 (2015): 375–99. “The present article explores, using a representative sampling, how DeLillo’s specific descriptions of various postcard practices function as anagogic metaphors that serve simultaneously to highlight and reinforce the central postmodern thematics at work in his fiction. This nuancing of anagogic metaphorics away from Northrop Frye’s valenced use of the word to designate a spiritual mode of textual interpretation that reads for mythopoeic allusions to the eternal. Cloud, Doug. “The Rise of the Gay Warrior: Rhetorical Archetypes and the Transformation of Identity Categories.” Discourse & Communication (February 2019): 26–47. Cloud distinguishes his use of the word “archetype” from Frye’s. Cluett, Robert. Canadian Literary Prose: A Preliminary Stylistic Analysis. Toronto: ECW Press, 1990. Frye’s Fables of Identity is included as part of the database in two chapters of this study. Although Frye’s style is not discussed, charts following chapters 4 and 5 illustrate how features of his prose compare with features in the prose of Morley Callaghan and Robertson Davies. Clune, Michael W. “Judgment and Equality.” Critical Inquiry 45 (Summer 2019): 910–34. Begins his study of value judgments with a close examination of Frye’s wellknown position on value judgments in the Polemical Introduction to Anatomy of Criticism. –  “The Humanities’ Fear of Judgment: Scholars Must Reclaim the Right to Say What’s Good, and What’s Not.” The Chronicle of Higher Education 66, no. 11 (2019): B17. Cockerell, David. “The Solemnization of Matrimony.” Theology 102, no. 806 (March–April 1999): 104–12. Shows that this text from The Book of Common Prayer embodies and expresses all of Frye’s four mythoi: romance through the marriage itself, comedy in the Cana story, antiromance in the congregation’s ironic commentary, and tragedy in the references to the Fall and the darker sides of human nature. Suggests that the comedic aspect introduces an important element of realized eschatology as the marriage service looks beyond itself for its transformation–completion.

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Cocozzella, Peter. “Salvador Espriu’s Prophetic Mode: The Voice of a Historicist Persona.” Revista Canadiense de Estudios Hispánicos 14, no. 2 (1990): 209–34. “Eminently representative of the generation of the Civil War (1936–1939), the Catalan author Salvador Espriu (1913–1985) is distinguished by the extraordinary breadth of his vision, which Josep M. Castellet, following the Northrop Frye theory, calls ‘Encyclopedic.’ The syncretism and synchronism, essential features of this encyclopedic vision, find their complete realization in the consciousness of Salom de Sinera, a character that throughout the production of Espriu plays a central unifying factor and especially as an artistic alter ego of the author.” Code, David J. “Don Juan in Nadsat: Kubrick’s Music for A Clockwork Orange.” Journal of the Royal Musical Association 139, no. 2 (July 2014): 339–86. “The important question, as always, is whether the link of A Clockwork Orange via Purcell to Shadwell’s The Libertine adds anything to critical understanding. A preliminary answer can best be framed by quoting Northrop Frye, the most eloquent proponent of ‘archetype’ or ‘myth’ criticism: ‘It is relatively easy to see the place of a myth in a mythology, and one of the main uses of myth criticism is to enable us to understand the corresponding place that a work of literature has in the context of literature as a whole. Putting works of literature in such a context gives them an immense reverberating dimension of significance.’ For Frye, this ‘reverberating significance’ means that every literary work ‘catches the echoes of all the other works of its type.’ In this light, the prominent and extensive use of the Purcell in A Clockwork Orange cries out for an investigation of its possible ‘echoes’ of ‘other works’ of the Don Juan ‘type.’” Code, Murray. “Vital Concerns and Vital Illusions.” Cosmos and History: The Journal of Natural and Social Philosophy 8, no. 1 (2012): 18–46. “A consumer society that has embraced global capitalism while striving to preserve all the comforts and conveniences provided by technoscience is arguably fatally ill. Much support for this gloomy diagnosis is provided by, among others, Hannah Arendt, Northrop Frye, and Friedrich Nietzsche. Their reflections on the health of a human culture point up the urgency of the need to rethink the idea of good reasoning that predominates in the West.” (from author’s abstract) Code, R. Fraser. “Bible Seminar for the 21st Century: Northrop Frye.” http://www.frasercode.ca/bibleseminar-transcripts. About a course Code taught at Erindale United Church in Mississauga, ON, based

on Frye’s own legendary course. Contains links to the transcripts of each of the eight monthly seminars, held in 2015 and 2016. Cohen, John. “Myth, Criticism, Literature and Children.” Orana: Journal of School and Children’s Librarianship 26, no. 1 (1990): 3–7. The archetypal vision of literature based on Frye’s theory is applied here to three Australian children’s books. Cohen, Ralph. Genre Theory and Historical Change: Theoretical Essays of Ralph Cohen. Ed. John Rowlett. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2017. Offers a critique of Frye’s genre theory based on such principles as the opposition between product vs. process and the radical of presentation. Cohen, Ralph, and John Rowlett. “On the Presuppositions of Literary Periods.” New Literary History 50, no. 1 (Winter 2019): 113–27. “Within the Augustan period (1660–1770) critics have introduced a number of divisions. What I have presented as one period, nineteenth-century critics divided into three: the Age of Dryden, the Age of Pope, and the Age of Johnson. In our time the hundred years have been divided into two by Josephine Miles—the classical mode and the sublime mode—and by Northrop Frye—the neoclassical period and the age of sensibility.” Cohen, Sol. “The Linguistic Turn: The Absent Text of Educational Historiography.” Historical Studies in Education/Revue d’histoire de l’éducation 3, no. 2 (1991): 237–48. Uses Frye’s and Hayden White’s theory of emplotment to examine several recent histories of American public education. Cohn, Robert G. “Symbolism.” Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 33, no. 2 (Winter 1974): 181–92. Focuses on Frye’s view of symbolism, set down in Anatomy of Criticism and elsewhere. Colaiacomo, Paola. “La letteratura come potere” [Literature as Power]. In Lombardo, Ritratto, 169–79. In Italian. Applies De Quincey’s distinction between the literature of knowledge and the literature of power to Frye’s work and finds that the function of criticism for Frye is to reproduce the power of literature. Colbeck, Matthew. “‘Is She Alive? Is She Dead?’ Representations of Chronic Disorders of Consciousness in Douglas Coupland’s Girlfriend in a Coma.” Medical Humanities 42, no. 3 (September 2016): 160–5. “Providing a close reading of Douglas Coupland’s Girlfriend in a Coma (1998) against the context of medical literature and diagnoses, this article examines how the coma patient is represented, often depicting

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

the realities of a prolonged vegetative state, in contrast with other popular representations of coma. It explores how the author develops a work of ‘fantastic’ fiction (a genre defined by the structuralist critic Tzvetan Todorov), using the condition of coma as a metaphor for a postmodern existential crisis, while simultaneously employing mimetic techniques that raise important medical, ethical and philosophical questions surrounding the ontological status of the comatose patient.” “The descent into and return from coma can be likened to mythological tales of the katabatic hero who descends into the underworld on the quest for, as Northrop Frye explicates in his analysis of mythological archetypes, forbidden esoteric knowledge and often, ‘knowledge of the future.’” (from author’s abstract) Coleman, Dorothy. “Rabelais and The War Babies.” Modern Language Review 66 (July 1971): 511–21. Maintains that Rabelais and Kingsley wrote what Frye calls the Menippean satire or anatomy. Coleman, William E., Jr. Review of Consciousness and Culture: Explorations of Walter Ong’s Thought, by Bruce E. Gronbeck, Thomas J. Farrell, and Paul A. Souku. ETC: A Review of General Semantics 50, no. 4 (Winter 1993–4): 511. “A copious writer—Orality and Literacy (1982) may be his best known work—Ong’s ideas have had impact on such prominent writers as Northrop Frye, Richard Leo Enos, and Joshua Meyrowitz.” Coles, Don. “The Brilliance of Northrop Frye: Why We Should Toast Our Oracle.” Toronto Star (23 July 2012): A18. “Martin Knelman’s piece on Northrop Frye offers the finest brief-format comment on that unique thinker and teacher I’ve ever read. It’s important that we now have it. There have been so many inadequate/partial/ journalistic pieces (one exception: Robert Fulford’s knowledgeable column a number of years ago) and one ill-written biography that missed just about every salient point concerning Frye that I’ve despaired of coming upon anything I could read and think, OK, this is finally close to rendering sufficient justice to this man.” Collett, Anne, and Dorothy Jones. “Gendered TreeScapes in the Art of Emily Carr and Judith Wright.” Mosaic: An Interdisciplinary Critical Journal 42, no. 3 (September 2009): 75–9. “Explores the impact of gender, colonial inheritance, and European modernism upon the representation of landscape in general, and trees in particular, in the work of two female artists who achieved iconic national status in the twentieth century: Canadian painter Emily Carr and Australian poet Judith Wright.” About the same time as Wright was publishing her poems, Frye was developing his theory of the Canadian writer being overcome with terror in the face

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of a violent and threatening nature. Both Wright and Carr had to work out their own response to a sometimes threatening nature. Collin, Robbie. “Words Are Powerful. Choose Them Well. But How Is the Choice to Be Made?” The Telegraph (29 August 2017). “In his column for The Telegraph in 1991, Stephen Fry pondered the kind of ‘worthless and embittered offal’ who would voluntarily pursue a career in criticism. Hello, Stephen! That would be me. I blame Fry’s near-namesake Northrop Frye, whose Anatomy of Criticism I unearthed, aged 18, in a mildewy corner of the Castle House Library at St Andrews University when I should have been reading something else. Every other line of it hit me like a rap on the forehead from a teaspoon. Frye wrote about art and criticism as if they were locks and keys. A critic’s job was to do the rummaging and test each idea’s fit, until the book, film, play or painting in front of them came unlatched.” Collins, Catherine Ann. “Cultural Stories in the Rhetoric of U.S. Involvement in Vietnam.” In Studies in Communication: Communication and Culture: Language Performance, Technology, and Media, ed. Sari Thomas. Communication and Information Science 4. Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1990. 25–33. Collins, Harold R. “The Ironic Imagery of Armah’s The Beautiful Ones Are Not Born Yet: The Putrescent Vision.” World Literature Written in English 20 (November 1971): 37–50. Argues that an analysis of Armah’s work in Frye’s terms reveals it to be a fiction in the ironic mode. Collins, Marsha S. “Echoing Romance: James Cameron’s ‘Avatar’ as Ecoromance.” Mosaic: An Interdisciplinary Critical Journal 47, no. 2 (June 2014): 103–19. “Avatar displays the characteristic plot of romance, based on a polarized universe that pits good against evil (Frye, The Secular Scripture). As Northrop Frye has observed, ‘the whole human action depicted in the plot is ritualized action. The ritualizing of action is what makes possible the technique of summarized narrative that we find in the “and then” stories of romance, which can move much more quickly than realism can from one episode to another.’ This structure allows for the readily intelligible, but also at times breakneck pace of romance.” –  “Romance.” In The Palgrave Handbook of Philosophy and Literature, ed. Barry Stocker and Michael Mack. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018. 263–91. Frye’s The Secular Scripture is seen as developing an anatomy of the enduring, persistent conventions of romance.

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Collins, Nicholas E. “Discarnate Śivas: Marshall McLuhan, Pratyabhijñā Philosophy and the Evolution of Religion.” https://www.academia.edu/37456839/ Discarnate_%C5%9Aivas_Marshall_McLuhan_ Pratyabhij%C3%B1%C4%81_Philosophy_and_the_ Evolution_of_Religion. [B.W.] “Powe’s study of McLuhan and Frye [Marshall McLuhan and Northrop Frye: Apocalypse and Alchemy] as members of a Canadian tradition of visionary humanism emphasizes the way each thinker’s work illuminated that of the other. For instance, McLuhan’s sounding the alarm about the effects of electronic and popular culture in drastically reshaping the immediate environment and sensus communis of the global population calls forth Frye’s insight into what he called ‘the Great Code’— ‘when we find ourselves in the Magnetic City being shell-shocked or shellacked by the deluge of raw images and the glosses of text messaging.’ In Frye’s view, all books form a single book, into which a fundamental pattern is inscribed which is unique to the individual and which connects their story with the story of the cosmos in toto. This is a retrieval of the medieval idea of the Book of Nature, made into a literary metaphor, but originally referring to the study of the world as a means of divine revelation.” Collins, Peter. “Pictorial Criticism.” Canadian Architect 17, no. 7 (1 July 1972): 36–7. In a critique of journalistic architectural criticism, notes that the “critical writings of scholars like Northrop Frye or Kenneth Clark are not essentially ‘journalistic’ criticisms, even though they may be published in learned journals or popular magazines.” Colombo, John Robert. Canadian Literary Landmarks. Willowdale, ON: Hounslow Press, 1984. “A guide book to sites in Canada with literary associations. . . . All the leading authors are discussed: Earle Birney and E.J. Pratt among the poets; Hugh MacLennan and Robertson Davies among the novelists; Northrop Frye and George Woodcock among the literary figures.” –  “The Love of Four Kernels: A Frye Fantasy.” Hamilton Arts and Letters Magazine 7, no. 2 (Fall–Winter 2014–15). http://samizdatpress.typepad.com/ halmagazine-issue-seven-2/the-love-of-four-kernels-afrye-fantasy-by-john-robert-colombo-3.html. –  The Notebooks of John Robert Colombo. 5 vols. Eugenia, ON: The Battered Silicon Dispatch Box, 2018. A section in volume 4 is devoted to Frye. Colwell, C. Carter. A Student’s Guide to Literature. New York: Washington Square Press, 1968. 7–8, 14, 46–7. An introductory manual on the elements and forms

of literature, which includes brief summaries of Frye’s theories of plot, character, and comic form. Diagrams Frye’s four plots, comments on his two pairs of contrasting character types, and seeks to reconcile his theory of comedy with Susanne Langer’s. Colwell, Richard. An Interesting Half Century.” Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education 197 (Summer 2013): 7–37. Brief comments on using Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism as a guide for applying ideas from literature to music education. Combe, Dominique. Les genres littéraires. Paris: Hachette, 1992. A section of chapter 5 is entitled “Northrop Frye et l’Anatomie de la critique.” Combe, Kirk. “Bourgeois Rakes in Wedding Crashers: Feudal to Neo-Liberal Articulations in Modern Comedic Discourse.” Journal of Popular Culture 46, no. 2 (April 2013): 338–57. The categories Frye uses to develop his theory of comedy, such as the rake, describe features that are more fluid than Frye’s categories. Comerón, David Cotarelo. “K. en Baltimore: Afinidades narrativas entre The Wire y El Castillo” [K. in Baltimore: Narrative Affinities between The Wire and The Castle”]. Revista de Comunicación 16, no. 1 (2017): 55–75. A study of the narrative similarities between the novel The Castle by Franz Kafka and the TV series The Wire, created by David Simon for HBO. Uses Frye’s categories of the hero in his theory of modes in order to analyse the main characters in each work. Compton, Anne. “Romancing the Landscape: Jane Urquhart’s Fiction.” In Jane Urquhart: Essays on Her Works, ed. Laura Ferri. Toronto: Guernica Editions, 2005. 115–43. Draws on Frye’s definition of the romantic in examining the Canadian landscape as the source of chaotic and visionary power in Urquhart’s work. Conlan, J.P. “The Fey Beauty of A Midsummer Night’s Dream: A Shakespearean Comedy in Its Courtly Context.” Shakespeare Studies 32 (2004): 118–72. On the approach of Frye, among numerous others, to Shakespeare’s court comedy. Conchubhair, Brian Ó. “Irish Cultural Humor: Cultural Comprehension and Discourse Processing: Ninth Annual Barra Ó Donnabháin Lecture, 2014.” American Journal of Irish Studies 13 (2016): 237–59. Regarding Cré na Cille (1949) by Máirtín Ó Cadhain, considered one of the greatest novels written in the Irish language: “Northrop Frye’s notions of repetition and recitation appear particularly prescient when applied to Cré na Cille and shed light on the novel’s humorous working,

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

especially with regard to repetition and circular speech: these phrases, insults, accusations and recurring references are repeated over and over in the various episodes and interludes that comprise the novel.” Conkan, Marius. “From Fantasy Fiction to Film: The Chronicles of Narnia as Religious Spaces.” Caietele Echinox 29 (2015): 252–62. “In his analysis of the five fictional modes discussed by Northrop Frye (myths, romance, the high mimetic mode, the low mimetic mode and the ironic mode), Thomas Pavel states that ‘even in our reputedly ironic century, romance can be recognized in fantastic literature, or in religious fictions’ as ‘we tend to exaggerate our period’s involvement with low and ironic modes, and its alleged withdrawal from the sacred and from myth.’” Connolly, Tristanne J. William Blake and the Body. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. Calls on Frye’s interpretation of Blake throughout. See index. Connor, John T. “Jack Lindsay, Socialist Humanism and the Communist Historical Novel.” Review of English Studies 66, no. 274 (2015): 342–63. Conrado, Regina Fátima de Almeida. “Tradição e Desvio: A Rota do Talento” [Tradition and Deviance: The Route of Talent] Revista de Letras 32 (1992): 31–9. Conville, Richard L. “Northrop Frye and Speech Criticism: An Introduction.” Quarterly Journal of Speech 56 (December 1970): 417–25. An interpretation of Frye’s writings as a contribution to speech criticism. Argues that Frye’s four mythoi—romance, comedy, tragedy, and irony—are structural principles not only of literary texts but of speech texts as well. Concludes that Frye’s theory of myth has two important implications for speech criticism: it treats speech events as specific communication behaviour to be studied in its own right and as general communication activity with its own rules for producing rhetorical artefacts. –  “Service-Learning and the Educated Imagination.” Southern Communication Journal 66, no. 3 (Spring 2001): 183–7. “The educated imagination is a simple but powerful concept. Frye’s thesis, literary man that he was, was that the route to an educated imagination ran through the then widely accepted canon of Western literature. My more modest thesis is that service learning is a powerful tool for educating the imaginations of our students. Frye argues that, with an educated imagination, one is equipped to make choices. Without an educated imagination one is doomed to accept and live out the prevailing social mythology, the standards and values presented to us by the popular culture as givens that we are obliged to adjust to. That

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is why educating the imagination is important. . . . Having an educated imagination is fundamental to that choice: between ‘the society we have to live in’ (the one promulgated by the prevailing social mythology) and ‘the society we want to live in.’” Coogan, Michael D. “Contemporary Methods in Biblical Study: Literary Approaches.” The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, 3rd ed. New Revised Standard Version. Oxford University Press, 1997. 497–9. Frye is said to be among the most prominent literary critics who have turned their attention to biblical texts. Cook, Albert. “‘Fiction’ and History in Samuel and Kings.” Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 36 (October 1986): 27–48 [37–9]. Maintains that in his reading of the Bible Frye gives “too great an attention to the fictional and typological aspects of the narrative, at the cost of neglecting its main historical thrust.” Cook, David. “‘Double Vision’: The Political Philosophy of Northrop Frye.” Ultimate Reality and Meaning 15 (September 1992): 185–94. Argues that Frye’s social and religious concerns, and his belief in the “transcendental tradition of inspiration or spirit” set him against the central trends of post-Nietzschean philosophy. Cook, Eleanor. “Against Monism: The Canadian Anatomy of Northrop Frye.” In Lombardo, Ritratto, 283–97. On the dialectical, rather than the monistic, nature of Frye’s work, and on his relation to recent Canadian criticism, especially that of Eli Mandel. Concludes with the suggestion that in Frye’s Anatomy there is the strong undercurrent of the confession, out of which emerges the dual image of Frye as both the master interpreter and the gracious servant. –  “Anatomies and Confessions: Northrop Frye and Contemporary Theory.” Recherches sémiotics/Semiotic Inquiry 13, no. 3 (1993): 13–22. Sees Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism as both an anatomy and a confession: the two genres inform each other. –  “Frye, Herman Northrop.” Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. 22 (1991–2000). http://www.biographi. ca/en/bio/frye_herman_northrop_22E.html. An excellent overview of Frye’s life and works. –  “The Function of Riddles at the Present Time.” In Lee and Denham, Legacy, 326–34. Sees the masterplot of Frye’s criticism as a Pauline riddle that ends in recognition and revelation—as opposed to the Freudian masterplot that leads to darkness and obscurity. Cook, Ramsay. “The Uses of Literature in Cultural History.” English Quarterly 4, no. 3 (Fall 1971): 25–30. “My argument could not be more effectively summed

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up than in the words of Northrop Frye: It is obvious that Canadian literature, whatever its inherent merits, is an indispensable aid to the knowledge of Canada. It records what the Canadian imagination has reacted to, and it tells us things about this environment that nothing else will tell us.” Cook, Richard M. “The Public Critic and Poetry: A Case of Avoidance.” In Modern American Cultural Criticism, ed. Mark Johnson. Warrensburg: Central Missouri State University, 1983. 46–57. Cook, Trevor. “The Covering Cherub: Harold Bloom and Northrop Frye, 1959–69.” Modern Language Studies 42, no. 2 (Winter 2013): 10–33. A careful study of the relationship between Frye and Bloom, based in large part on the correspondence between the two. Reads Bloom’s theory of the anxiety of influence against his letters to Frye, the result of which shows similarities to Bloom’s Oedipal idolization of Frye and Anatomy of Criticism. –  “The Scourge of Plagiary: Perversions of Imitation in the English Renaissance.” University of Toronto Quarterly 83, no. 1 (Winter 2014): 39–63. Maintains that John Weever’s The Whipping of the Satyre (1601) is a good example of Frye’s view that satire is militant irony. Cooper, Andrew M. “Small Room for Judgment: Geometry and Prolepsis in Blake’s “Infant Sorrow.” European Romantic Review 31, no. 2 (March 2020): 129–55. Cooper, Barbara T. “Master Plots: An Alternate Typology for French Historical Dramas of the Early Nineteenth Century.” Theatre Journal 35 (March 1983): 23–31. In order to develop a synchronic view of early nineteenthcentury French drama, draws on Frye’s theory of modes and Hayden White’s adaptation of Frye’s model. Cooper, L.J. William Blake’s Aesthetic Reclamation: Newton, Newtonianism, and Absolute Space in The Book of Urizen and Milton. New York: Routledge, 2018. Notes that Blake, according to Frye, often associates the Book of Daniel with the Christian apocalypse. Cope, Kevin L. “Prologue.” Criteria of Certainty: Truth and Judgment in the English Enlightenment. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 2015. “Literary critics often tell the truth, but they seldom take truth as their subject. Who would want to do a job that Lord Bacon (and his unlikely witness Pilate) turned down? Who would dare to define the world’s most perplexing noun? The idea of a “literary” criticism, after all, seems to distinguish literature from ordinary experience and to protect it from crude attempts at verification. Bacon’s successor in the art of taxonomy, Northrop Frye,

has set the tempo for our age by insisting, however paradoxically, that the science of criticism must restrict itself to the purportedly literary attributes of texts.” Corbeil, Carol. “Assessment of Orwell Leads to Clash of the Titans.” Globe and Mail (26 January 1984): E1. A critique of Frye’s address, “The Authority of Learning,” which Corbeil sees as a somewhat reactionary defence of humanism. Believes McLuhan is more enlightening than Frye about the reasons for the erosion of interest in language and literature. Cording, Robert. “The ‘Something More’ in the Bible: A Response to Robert Alter, David Gay, and Michael Dolzani.” In Kee, Northrop Frye and the Afterlife of the Word, 155–69. Argues that Robert Alter’s “Northrop Frye: Between Archetype and Typology” misrepresents Frye’s view of metaphor and language. Praises David Gay’s “The Humanized God: Biblical Paradigms of Recognition in Frye’s Final Three Books” and Michael Dolzani’s “Ashes of the Stars: Northrop Frye and the Trickster God” for the depth and breadth of their understanding of the late Frye. Çörekçioğlu, Hakan. “Critical Utopia and The Sound of Fishsteps.” Neohelicon 44, no. 2 (December 2017): 601– 17. “Typically, utopian texts begin with a foreigner’s visit to the utopic country—often an isolated island. During this visit, the foreigner is accompanied by a native utopian who introduces his country to the visitor. The visitor later returns to his home country admiring the overall organizational, economic and sociopolitical structure of the utopian country. As claimed by Northrop Frye, such formal characteristics inevitably determine the content. Therefore, we read that in utopias the identities are fixed, the institutions are excellent, and the laws are absolute and unchangeable (Frye).” Coronado, Alexa. “Northrop Frye’s Theory of Archetypes” (13 October 2017). https://prezi.com/agwenlkukxfk/ northrop-fryes-theory-of-archetypes/. Cornea, Paul. “The Modern Century: An East-European Reading.” In Lee and Denham, Legacy, 241–9. Maintains that The Modern Century is relevant to understanding the changes that Eastern Europe underwent in the late twentieth century. Coşgel, Metin M. “Metaphors, Stories, and the Entrepreneur in Economics.” History of Political Economy 28, no. 1 (1996): 57–76. Uses Frye’s five modes to classify the different visions of the entrepreneur in economic “stories.”

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Cosma, Iulia. “Marcovaldo ovvero le stagioni in città e il fantastic” [Marcovaldo: Or the Seasons in the City and the Fantastic]. Analele Universităţii de Vest din Timişoara: Seria ştiinţe filologice 54 (2002): 115–25. In Italian. Notes Remo Ceserani’s use of Frye’s concept of mode. Costantini, Mariaconcetta. “Transcending Historical Violence: Uses of Myth and Fable in Ben Okri’s Starbook. Callaloo 38, no. 5 (Fall 2015): 1118–34. Uses Frye’s conception of romance to interpret Okri’s Starbook.

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to its critics, is a neo-conservative Americanization of Canada.” Cottino-Jones, Marga. “The Corbaccio: Notes for a Mythical Perspective of Moral Alternatives.” Forum Italicum 4 (1970): 490–509. Draws heavily on Frye’s model of narrative structure in examining Boccaccio’s Corbaccio. Considers the hero’s moral crisis, his enslavement to carnal love, and his spiritual enlightenment, within the mythic cycle of birth, death, and rebirth.

Costanzo, William V. World Cinema through Global Genres. Malden, MA: John Wiley and Sons, 2014. “Frye regard archetypes as complex variables with multiple meanings, linking them to myth and ritual. For Frye myth in literature is analogous to abstract art, like painting stories with archetypal symbols, in contrast to literary realism, which aspires to copy nature much as does representational art.”

–  “La critica mitica di Northrop Frye” [The Critical Myth of Northrop Frye]. Problemi 11–12 (September– December 1969): 517–21. In Italian.

Cotrupi, Nella. “Process and Possibility: Northrop Frye’s Spiritual Vision.” Northrop Frye Newsletter 9, no. 2 (Summer 2002): 3–11; also appears as “Process and Possibility” in Ellipse: Texts littéraires canadiens en traduction/Canadian Writing in Translation 69 (Spring 2003): 54–7, and as “Process and Possibility: The Spiritual Vision of Northrop Frye” in Verticals of Frye/Les Verticales des Frye, ed. Ed Lemond. Moncton, NB: Elbow Press, 2005. 16–22. Seeks to answer the questions, How did Frye come to engage the power of the sublime, what did he make of its processes and possibilities, and just how does it connect with his faith and spiritual vision?

Coulter, James A. The Literary Microcosm: Theories of Interpretation of the Later Neoplatonists. Leiden: Brill, 1976. 5–6. Draws upon Frye’s distinction between “Iliad critics” and “Odyssey critics.” Argues that these two opposing critical modes “were already present in ancient literary theory.”

–  “Verum Factum: Viconian Markers along Frye’s Path.” In Lee and Denham, Legacy, 286–95. On the FryeVico connection and the former’s indebtedness to the latter. –  “Vico, Burke, and Frye’s Flirtation with the Sublime.” In Giambattista Vico and Anglo-American Science: Philosophy and Writing (Approaches to Semiotics 119), ed. Marcel Danesi. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1994. 35–49. Examines the thought of Vico and Burke as a means to arrive at some clearer insight into the conceptual place occupied by the sublime in Frye’s understanding of the operation of human imagination as manifested by literary artifacts.” Cotter, Anne-Marie Mooney. Gender Injustice: An International Comparative Analysis of Equality in Employment. London and New York: Routledge, 2004. “Northrop Frye pointed out long ago, ‘Why go to the trouble of annexing a country that is so easy to exploit without taking any responsibility for it.’ Economic penetration has proven simpler than military force. The North American Free Trade Agreement, according

–  Metodi di critica letteraria americana. Palermo: Palumbo Editore, 1973. 52–9. In Italian. –  “Realtà e mito in Griselda.” Problemi 11–12 (November–December 1968): 522–3. In Italian.

Coupe, Laurence. “Myth without Mystery: The Project of Robert Segal.” Religious Studies Review 29, no. 1 (January 2003): 3–14. –  “Northrop Frye on Myth.” Review of Northrop Frye on Myth: An Introduction, by Ford Russell. Journal of Religion 82 (2002): 164–6. “When the name of Northrop Frye is mentioned in departments of English these days, it is usually by way of a warning about the perils of trying to emulate George Eliot’s Mr. Casaubon, compiling a ‘Key to All Mythologies.’ This seems rather odd to me, given that it was Frye more than most who was responsible for the consolidation of contemporary literary theory. Perhaps he is the father whom younger academics have to overcome, outdo and then studiously ignore. Certainly, it is noticeable how little his central work, Anatomy of Criticism, is referred to in any detail these days, and how often his general contribution is dismissed in the knowing parentheses of a conference paper. For those trying to teach the relation between mythology and literature, and between the Bible and literature, however, the debt is incalculable; and the Anatomy, read in conjunction with his later work, The Great Code, is indispensable.” Courville, Mathieu E. “‘The Essay as Form’ of Resistance: On the Essayistic Spirit in Said and Adorno.” In Edward Said’s Rhetoric of the Secular. London: Continuum,

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2010. “I am aware that this topic [the essay] has traditionally been dealt with by students of literary forms, not typically dealt with by students of religion and secularism. In reading Northrop Frye’s work, I am struck by how a propos these lines from the beginning of his The Great Code are; Frye writes: ‘A scholar in an area not his own feels like a knight errant who finds himself in the middle of a tournament and has unaccountably left his lance at home.’ Frye was describing himself, a student of literature, dealing with material normally, or at least largely, the preserve of biblical scholars and students of religion. What I have quoted from Frye holds true in my own case, although the disciplinary contexts are the converse: student of comparative religions, beginning, with trepidation, elaborations of a topic—the essay—which as subject-matter has typically been conceived of as primarily a literary affair. In this respect, Frye goes on to add: ‘In such a situation,’ one ‘needs encouragement and help.’” Cousineau-Levine, Penny. Faking Death: Canadian Art Photography and the Canadian Imagination. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2003. In studying Frye, John Ralston Saul, and Linda Hutcheon, the author finds that the themes they identified in Canadian literature and political life—of disconnection, of looking out to another world—are also present in the work of many Canadian artists working with the camera. Cousland, J.R.C. “Tobit: A Comedy in Error?” Catholic Biblical Quarterly 65, nos. 4 (October 2003): 535–53. Notes that the Book of Tobit is a comedy insofar as it follows the U-shaped pattern of the narrative Frye finds throughout the Bible. Coutts, Jon. “Hail, Caesar! A Jesus Film in Search of a Christ Figure.” Journal of Religion and Film 24, no. 1 (2020): 1–33. Susan Lochrie Graham has suggested that “re-tellings of Jesus stories reveal a lot by how they fall in to Northrop Frye’s literary categories of romantic, tragic, comic, and ironic/satiric. She says Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza and John Dominic Crossan exemplify how a comic subversion of the ‘heroic Jesus’ might liberate Christian interpretation from ideaabstracted ‘androcentrism’ for an inclusive-action of the ‘story of the community gathered around Jesus.’” Covelo, Roxanne. “The Art of Murder and Ars Rhetorica: De Quincey’s Essay as Mock-Encomium (Thomas De Quincey).” Studies in Romanticism 58, no. 3 (Fall 2019): 309–33. “Even more problematic is the question of how such a satire would or could have been received. Northrop Frye has said of the satirical mode that it comprises two elements, ‘one is wit . . . the other is an object of attack,’ adding as a corollary that in order

to attack anything, satirist and audience must agree on its undesirability. In the case of ‘On Murder’ we are therefore prompted to ask: would De Quincey’s intended audience really have agreed with him on the undesirability of Kant’s aesthetics? Or, more to the point: would such an attack have been at all intelligible to them, assuming it were present?” Cox, John D. “Religion and Suffering in Macbeth.” Christianity and Literature 62, no. 2 (Winter 2013): 225– 40. “Frye is most helpful in seeing broad patterns and how Shakespeare’s plays fit into them; he is less helpful in understanding Shakespeare in a particular time and place, how he wrote in light of it, and how his writing changed over the course of his career.” –  Review of The Biblical Presence in Shakespeare, Milton and Blake, by Harold Fisch. Philosophy and Literature 24, no. 1 (April 2000): 236–9. “Fisch has done his postmodern homework. Derrida is acknowledged here, and deconstruction is not only mentioned but practiced knowingly, though unfortunately neither Derrida nor deconstruction is indexed. Different readers will assess the absence of feminist or materialist criticism differently, but Bakhtin, Foucault, Gadamer, all receive their due in passing but knowledgable comments. If Fisch engages Harold Bloom and Northrop Frye at greater length than he engages postmodern critics, it is not because he is stuck in the past but because his chosen method requires that he distinguish what he is doing from these particular critics of Blake and the Bible more than from others.” Coyle, Martin, ed. Encyclopedia of Literature and Criticism. London: Routledge, 1990. References to Frye are omnipresent in the articles in this encyclopedia. See, for example, the entries “Romanticism,” “Poetry,” “Lyric,” “Romantic Poetry,” “Drama,” “Comedy,” “American Romance,” “Romantic Critical Tradition,” “Criticism,” “Literature and Music,” “Contexts,” “Literature and the Bible,” and “Canadian Literature.” Crăciun, Alexandra. “Câteva principii mediologice” [Several Mediological Principles]. Studii de Biblioteconomie şi Ştiinţa Informării 15 (2011): 77–87. In Romanian. Comments on Frye’s view of language and of metaphor. Craig, Cairns. Associationism and the Literary Imagination: From the Phantasmal Chaos. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007. Traces the influence of empirical philosophy and associationist psychology on theories of literary creativity and on the experience of reading literature. Frye is included among the twentieth-century theorists.

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Craig, Cairns, and Robert DeMaria. “A Companion to British Literature.” In The Modern Scottish Novel. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, 2014. 404–23. “Three works by European and North American critics— George Lukács’ The Historical Novel, André Gide’s introduction to James Hogg’s Confessions of a Justified Sinner, and Northrop Frye’s Secular Scripture—provided ways of reading the past of the Scottish novel which also explain its major modern developments. The structure of the historical novel as presented by Lukács both underpins the centrality of working-class experience in the modern Scottish novel and reveals the failure of its historical aspirations; Gide’s version of Hogg reveals an alternative counter-historical dimension, one which was to dominate much nineteenth- and early-twentiethcentury novel-writing in Scotland; and Frye’s emphasis on the archetypal underlines the extent to which the Scottish novel, from Scott to Muriel Spark, seeks to deconstruct the realistic emphasis of the major tradition of the novel in order to reveal the ‘deep structures’ that underlie all narration. These three perspectives help explain major features of the modern Scottish novel—its experiments with vernacular speech, its counterpointing of different generic styles within a single text, and its use of fantasy to disrupt novelistic realism and its implicit acceptance of the nature of modern society.” (author’s abstract) Craige, Betty Jean. Lorca’s Poet in New York: The Fall into Consciousness. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2015. “Archetypical of the animal world of the tragic vision, as Frye points out, are ‘beasts and birds of prey, wolves, vultures, serpents, dragons and the like.’ And ‘Ode to the King of Harlem’ opens with a violent image of crocodiles and monkeys.” ‘Ritual,’ says Northrop Frye, ‘seems to be something of a voluntary effort . . . to recapture a lost rapport with the natural cycle.’ And it is ritual that has somehow been eliminated from the New York world Lorca sees which no longer even puts forth the ‘effort . . . to recapture a lost rapport with the natural cycle,’ to imitate the natural rhythms of the universe.” (author’s abstract) Cramer, Carter M. “The World of Nathanael West: A Critical Interpretation.” Emporia State Research Studies 19 (June 1971): 5–71. Argues that critics might have interpreted West’s works more correctly if they had been guided by Frye’s classification of fiction. Crane, R.S. The Languages of Criticism and the Structure of Poetry. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1953. 137–8 and passim. An analysis of Frye’s place in contemporary criticism. Groups Frye with other critics (such as Bodkin, Burke, Trilling, and Chase) whose

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chief interest is in establishing analogies between poetic meanings and other kinds of discourse. Since Frye thinks of poetry as symbolic language, his approach can be called “semantic.” Craven, Peter. “The Art of War.” The Weekend Australian (4 February 4): 22. On the Iliad. “Canadian critic Northrop Frye says in Anatomy of Criticism that the Iliad’s honouring the death of an enemy is a pivotal moment in aesthetic history (and in the face of every temptation towards the savage enactment of its opposite).” –  “Makers of Poetry and Masters of Prose: Tradition and Innovation in Translating the Iliad.” Quadrant Magazine 62, nos. 1–2 (January–February (2018): 94–101. –  “Second Look: Anatomy of Criticism.” Sunday Age [Melbourne] (30 May 2005): 25. Revisits Anatomy of Criticism, which he first read in his student days. In spite of Frye’s romanticising the structural element of literature, “the undeniable value of . . . Anatomy of Criticism comes from the brilliance and concision with which he sums up a whole theatre of perspectives on every kind of literary work.” –  “Yule Always Be a Part.” The Australian (24 December 2019): 8. “You can talk about [Frank Capra’s] It’s a Wonderful Life as mush, as nothing but sentimentality, but it is in fact, to use a formulation of the great Canadian critic Northrop Frye, an example of that deep evocation of the goodness of the world of which sentimentality is a parody. It has, with great tinkling sleighbells, that quality you get in Shakespeare’s romances, which is not the quality of everyday common-garden fantasy but the quality evoked in The Winter’s Tale when Paulina, the shrewd old magic maker, says: ‘It is required you do awake your faith.”’ Creech, Anna. Christian Century 129, no. 18 (6 September 2003): 3. Treats Frye’s views on the invisible world. Manifestations of the invisible world and arguments advanced by Frye about the invisible world and the creation accounts in Genesis. Cresti, Roberto. “Critical Theory and Literary Experience in Frye.” In Lombardo, Ritratto, 47–63. On the idea of criticism as science in Frye and the relation of this idea to both experience and understanding. Crews, Frederick. “Anaesthetic Criticism.” New York Review of Books 14 (26 February 1970): 31–5, and 14 (12 March 1970). Rpt. with slight changes in Psychoanalysis and Literary Process, ed. Frederick Crews. Cambridge, MA: Winthrop, 1970. 1–24. A polemic directed against

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the prevalent tendency to renounce “methods that would plainly reveal literary determinants.” Sees Frye as one of the chief promulgators of the doctrine that critics should not stray outside literature in developing their fundamental principles. Says this notion is “intellectually indefensible.” Establishes his own Freudian critical framework in opposition to Frye’s. Crișan, Marius-Mircea. “Bloodthirsty and Remorseless Fangs: Representation of East-Central Europe in Edgar Allan Poe’s Gothic Short Stories.” In Dracula: An International Perspective, ed. Marius-Mircea Crișan. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. Notes that according to Frye fire is a symbol associated with heaven. Crişan, Sorin. “Theatre: Metaphor and the Sublime of Betrayal.” Symbolon 17 (2009): 41–51. “By imposing an effort of seeing and hearing through metaphor, the spectator learns again the way to himself; this implies the addition of a referential function of metaphor, in spite its opposition with the non-referentiality theory of the fictional discourses (like the radical one, of Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism).” Crisman, William. “Songs Named ‘Song’ and the Bind of Self-Conscious Lyricism in Blake.” ELH 61, no. 3 (Fall 1994): 619–33. On Frye’s understanding of the oracular and rhapsodic in Blake’s poetry. Croft, Janet Brennan. “The Name of the Ring: Or, There and Back Again.” Mythlore 35, no. 2 (Spring–Summer 2017): 81–94. “This paper will use terms describing phases of language from Northrop Frye’s The Great Code—metaphoric, metonymic, demotic, and ricorso— to examine the path of the Ring/evil/power/naming complex through its extended diminution as the Ring moves from mythic-level metaphor, through magic, to degradation and destruction—from Morgoth’s Ring of all Arda, through Sauron’s Ruling Ring, to Saruman’s pale imitation of Sauron, and finally to Gollum’s sad struggle for mere subsistence.” Cross, Michael S. Review of The Technological Imperative in Canada: An Intellectual History, by R. Douglas Francis. University of Toronto Quarterly 82, no. 3 (Summer 2013): 651–2. “The literature review does not deal with some of the more familiar analysts of technology’s impact such as C. Wright Mills, Erich Fromm, and Herbert Marcuse. Canadian thinkers since George Grant and Northrop Frye get short shrift in a final chapter that seems hastily tacked on.” Cross, Michael S., ed. “The Frontier and Literary Imagination: Northrop Frye.” The Frontier Thesis and the Canadas: The Debate on the Impact of the Canadian

Environment. Toronto: Copp Clark Publishing Company, 1970. “The American frontier thesis holds that the new vast land influenced the minds and characters of its settlers. Selections for this book were made on the basis of the variety of questions the authors posed to evaluate this thesis as it applies to Canada. Cross, Samantha N.N., Robert L. Harrison, and Mary C. Gilly. “The Role of Marketing in Ritual Evolution.” Journal of Macromarketing 37, no. 4 (2017): 460–78. Crowell, Kenneth. “Modern Love and the Sonetto Caudato: Comedic Intervention through the Satiric Sonnet Form.” Victorian Poetry 48, no. 4 (2010): 539–57. “As Northrop Frye, as well as Byron for that matter, have convincingly claimed, the successful satiric comedy in the low mimetic mode first offers a complaint, and then resolves this complaint as the hero is reintegrated into a society that has been altered by the narrative circumstances of the comedy. In the case of [George Meredith’s] Modern Love, the complaint focuses on the regressive traits of the Victorian social system, but the change allowing reintegration by our narrator is less a change of these traits than it is the ability of Meredith to reframe the debate presented by the series in terms of social and aesthetic evolution.” Crowley, Adam. “The Wealth of Virtual Nations: Videogame Currencies.” In Literary Theory for Gamers. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. 21–37. Presents “a rationale for investigating videogames as literature. Attending to Thomas Piketty’s arguments on the roles of wealth in literature, Crowley draws attention to an intersection of Piketty’s claims with literary critic Northrop Frye’s commentary on fairy tales and sentimental romance. As well as addressing a rationale for valuing videogames as literature, Crowley posits that the videogame form itself has special meaning for what Frye identifies as fundamental themes in sentimental romance: the themes of ascent and descent.” (publisher’s abstract) –  “The Wealth of Virtual Nations: Videogame Currencies.” In The Symbolic Order of Action and Possibility Bearing on Time. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017, pp. 39–62. Addresses the prime roles of represented wealth in videogames from the twentieth century. Providing a rationale for the application of Northrop Frye’s and Gérard Genette’s literary theories to non-prose subjects, Crowley explores the significance of capital exchange as a theme in titles. Crunelle-Vanrigh, Anny. “‘Seeking (The) Mean(s)’: Aristotle’s Ethics and Shakespeare’s Coriolanus.” Cahiers

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Élisabéthains: A Journal of English Renaissance Studies 86, no. 1 (2014): 23–44. Cs. Gyímesi, Éva. “Ősképek, egyetemes szimbólumok” [Ancient Images, Universal Symbols]. Nyelv-es Irodalomtudomanyi Kozlemenyek 27, no. 1 (1983): 3–14. In Hungarian. Notes that Hungarian literary criticism might well pay attention to the archetypal theories of Carl Jung, Gilbert Durand, and Frye. Csányi, Erzsébet. “Bibliai metanyelv” [Bibles in Metalanguage]. Világirodalmi kontúr. http://www. zetna.org/zek/konyvek/100/csanyi39.html. On the metalinguistic nature of the Bible, with reference to Northrop Frye: A Biblia Igézetében: Esszé, prédikáció, interjú. Budapest: Hermeneutikai Kutatóközpon, 1995. In Hungarian. Csilla, Utasi. “Elementi Jahvističkog mita o genezi u ciklusu pripovedaka o Sindbadu Đule Krudija i u romanu Ota Tolnaija ‘Morska školjka’” [Elements of the Yahweh Myth of Genesis in the Cycle of Sinbad Narratives by Giulia Krudi and in Otto Tolnai’s Novel The Sea Shell]. Tanulmányok, no. 1 (2012): 61–9. In Croatian. On Krúdy’s short stories from the Sinbad cycle, using the criteria set forth in Frye’s myth criticism. Csillag, Ron. “Eminent Joyce Expert Kept Interest in Author ‘Alive in Canada.’” Globe and Mail (23 April 2019): B20. “In the fifties and sixties, probably the bestknown writings about Joyce in Canada were by Marshall McLuhan and Northrop Frye, both of whom became much better known for their work in other areas. . . . Even the most prominent Canadian-born Joyce critic, Hugh Kenner, left for the United States in the early 1950s.” Csizmadia, Gabriella Petres. “(Ne)možnosti autobiografie v diele karla Čapka Obyčejný život”[The (In) Possibilities of Autobiography in the Work of Karel Čapek’s Ordinary Life]. World Literature Studies 2, no. 3 (2011): 61–9. In Czech. Theorists have begun to approach autobiography not only as a genre, but as a speech act (Lejeune), as a discourse (Gasché), as a rhetorical figure of text comprehension (de Man), or as a subgenre of the novel (Frye), etc. Csordas, Thomas J. “Genre, Motive, and Metaphor: Conditions for Creativity in Ritual Language.” Cultural Anthropology 2, no. 4 (1987): 445–69. “The concept of genre in oral hermeneutics is a modification of the concept as used in literary criticism. In particular, Frye makes analysis of the rhetorical functions of language contingent on a theory of genres that in turn has strong implications for the study of performance.”

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Cucu, M.C., and O.E. Lenta. “Pablo Picasso’s Painting from the Perspective of C.G. Jung’s Psychoanalysis.” Postmodern Openings 9, no. 1 (March 2018): 45–62. Draws on Frye’s The Great Code to examine the language of enlightenment. Cuddy-Keane, Melba, et al. Modernism: Key Words. Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell, 2014. Authors call on Frye’s The Modern Century in developing the entries for “Advertising” and “Propaganda.” Cull, John T. “Irony, Romance Conventions, and Misogyny in Grisel y Mirabella by Juan de Flores.” Revista Canadiense de Estudios Hispánicos 22, no. 3 (Spring 1998): 415–30. Uses Frye’s theory of romance in The Secular Scripture to argue for Juan de Flores’s familiarity with romance conventions and their parodies in Grisel y Mirabella. Culler, Jonathan. “Beyond Interpretation.” Comparative Literature 28 (Summer 1976): 244–56 [247–9]. Rpt. in The Pursuit of Signs: Semiotics, Literature, Deconstruction. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1981. 3–17 [7–9]. Argues that Frye’s “failure to question interpretation as a goal [of criticism] creates a fundamental ambiguity about the status of his categories and schemas.” “Though it began as a plea for a systematic poetics, Frye’s work has done less to promote work in poetics than to stimulate a mode of interpretation which has come to be known as ‘mythcriticism’ or archetypal criticism.” –  “A Critic against the Christians.” TLS (23 November 1984): 1327–8. In an essay on Empson, attacks Frye for promoting a dogmatic religious ideology and for making literature a substitute for religion. –  “L’Hyperbole et l’Apostrophe: Baudelaire and the Theory of the Lyric.” Yale French Studies 125–6 (2014): 85–101. Says Baudelaire’s claim that the apostrophe is a necessary element of the lyric in general might find its confirmation in Frye’s idea of the radical of presentation of the lyric: poets speak with their backs to their audience, who overhear. –  “Imagining the Coherence of the English Major.” ADE Bulletin 133 (Winter 2003): 6–10; rpt. in Profession 2003 1 (December 2003): 85–93. Claims that literary study has lost sight of the principle of coherence and turns to Frye as a source of a common ideal, recommending that we can recover coherence by turning again to purely formalist concerns such as genre, mode, and archetype. –  “Literary Words, Not Worlds.” Journal of Literary Theory 11, no. 1 (2017): 32–9. Notes Frye’s definition of the lyric, derived from John Stuart Mill, that the

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audience overhears the poets, who have their back to the audience. –  “Lyric, History, Genre.” New Literary History 40, no. 4 (Autumn 2009): 879–99. “Traditionally, theorists say there are two sorts of theories of genres, empirical and theoretical; the latter is based on some claim about elementary possibilities of thought, representation, or discourse. Aristotle distinguishes literary types according to the possible modes and objects of representation. Northrop Frye bases genre categories on ‘radicals [root forms] of presentation’: ‘words may be acted in front of a spectator, they may be spoken in front of a listener, they may be sung or chanted, and they may be written for a reader’—fundamental possibilities, which for him yield drama, epic, lyric, and narrative fiction. . . . Frye’s model of lyric as address overheard (following John Stuart Mill’s initial formulation) makes apostrophic address one possibility, but it also allows for others, such as poems explicitly addressed to no one or nothing, which are generally taken as meditative, as if we were overhearing the poet speaking to himself or herself, and poems addressed to persons, living or dead, real or imaginary, which modern criticism has tended to treat as miniature dramas that we overhear.” –  “Més enllà de la interpretació” [Beyond Interpretation]. Trans. Enric Sullà. Els Marges 22–3 (May–September 1981): 115–22. In Catalan. About interpretation in the various critical schools, including the Frygean one. Focuses on questioning the assumption that interpretation is the sole objective of literary criticism. –  Structuralist Poetics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1975. 119–22, 136, 222, 235–7. Finds the status of Frye’s categories “curiously indeterminate” and their relationship to literary experience and poetics obscure, but argues that the structuralists could benefit from the kind of study of plot and character Frye has developed. Culley, Robert C. “Introduction.” Semeia 62: Textual Determinacy, Part 1. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 1993. vii–xii. On the relevance of Frye’s literary criticism to biblical scholarship. Culpeper, Jonathan. Language and Characterization: People in Plays and Other Texts. Essex, UK: Pearson Education, 2001. “Surveys several literary theories devoted to understanding characters that set the context for his larger arguments, including discussions of Roland Barthes’ semibinaries, the actant roles first developed by Vladimir Propp and later extended by Grimas, an extended discussion of Northrop Frye’s functional categories and E.M. Forster’s distinction between “flat and round” characters (two types) and

its reappearance in various guises and complexities in more recent writings by W.J. Harvey (four types; 1965), Baruch Hochman (up to 64 types; 1993), and David Fishlov (four parameters; 1993).” (John V. Knapp’s abstract) Culpepper, R. Alan. “The Plot of John’s Story of Jesus.” Interpretation: A Journal of Bible and Theology 49, no. 4 (October 1995): 347. Martin W. Stibbe “demonstrates that John draws upon ‘the archetypes of storytelling’ and uses all four of Northrop Frye’s plot types: it reverberates with ‘some of the deepest, archetypal patterns in romance, tragedy, satire and comedy.’” Cummings, P.M. “Northrop Frye and the Necessary Hybrid: Criticism as Aesthetic Humanism.” The Quest for Imagination: Essays in Twentieth-Century Aesthetic Criticism, ed. O.B. Hardison, Jr. Cleveland: Press of Case Western Reserve University, 1971. 255–76. Partially rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism, vol. 24, ed. Sharon R. Gunton. Detroit: Gale Research, 1983. 225–6. An analysis of two apparently opposing tendencies in Frye’s work, one deriving from the disinterested philosophy of aesthetic literary criticism and the other from the socially conscious philosophy of humanistic criticism. Argues that Frye is able to synthesize the aesthetic and humanistic claim not by imposing them on literature from without but by discovering them within the imaginative dimension of literature itself. In the course of the argument, presents an account of Frye’s chief assumptions, his critical language, and his method. Cunningham, E. James. “A Common Ground: How McDowell’s Recourse to Hegelianism Indicates the Potential for a Rapprochement between Philosophies of Mind and Education.” Philosophy of Education Yearbook 1999. http://www.ed.uiuc.edu/eps/PES-Yearbook/1999/ cunningham.asp. The last half of this paper argues that Adorno and Frye are “the two theorists who best capture the capacity of the arts to act as a critique of the capitalist reduction of its version of empirical reality to a given, and of the kind of education required to apprehend this critique in conditions of mass culture.” –  “A Conservative Defense of Liberal Education.” In Liberal Education and the Idea of the University: Arguments and Reflections on Theory and Practice, ed. Karim Dharamsi and James Zimmer. Wilmington, DE: Vernon Press, 2019. 89–101. Draws on Frye’s view of what makes the practice of the arts and sciences “progressive and liberal.” –  “Its Terrible Cost: Northrop Frye on the Importance of Romance in Literature, the Arts, and Society.

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Ultimate Reality and Meaning 35, nos. 3–4 (September– December 2012): 204–18. –  “Northrop Frye, SØren Kierkegaard and Kerygma: On the Relationshp between Biblical Metaphors, Literal Readings of the Bible and Living in the Spirit.” Ultimate Reality and Meaning 31, no. 4 (2008): 284–98. “I want to talk about what it means to read the Bible as revelation and, in so doing, to show how the Bible is a document capable of motivating us to become spiritual beings. To do so, I’m going to draw on the help of some late twentieth-century critical theory, mainly that of Canadian literary icon and Biblical critic, Northrop Frye. I’m going to proceed by arguing, as does Frye, that the Bible is read as revelation when it is read as primarily an imaginative expression of metaphor and myth. In the face of those who would call this view heresy, I am also going to argue that even the famed arch-literalist SØren Kierkegaard is shown by Frye to mean, if unintentionally, that the literal reading is the metaphoric one.” –  “Northrop Frye’s Mass Man Is Martin Heidegger’s Standing Reserve: Reflections on Mass Culture.” International Journal of Technology, Knowledge and Society 5, no. 5 (2009): 61–76. Argues that Frye shows mass culture to be the sort of analgesic modern capitalism designs to maintain contemporary individuals in their roles as what Martin Heidegger calls “standing reserves.” Cunningham, Lawrence S. “Religion Booknotes.” Commonweal 126, no. 7 (9 April 1999): 43–6. “The fourfold levels of scriptural interpretation were a commonplace in early exegesis. . . . The perennial value of this approach is reflected in the ways, for example, the present-day liturgy utilizes Scripture, with the lectionary juxtaposition of passages from the Old with those of the New Testament. It is also evident in how Scripture gets cited in the Catechism of the Catholic Church, and in the general public prayer of the church. The late Northrop Frye summed up this holistic reading of Scripture nicely. In a phrase in his wonderful book The Great Code, he argued that the Bible is ‘endlessly selfreferential,’ which is to say, that the Bible must be read as a coherent whole.” Cureton, Richard D. “Rhythm and Poetic Form: Poetry as Rhythmic ‘Telling.’” Style 53, no. 2 (Summer 2019): 236–57. “The temporal paradigm is especially productive as a detailed key to formal correspondences among the diverse linguistic materials of the poem—grammatical, rhetorical, semantic, thematic, generic, and so on. As Northrop Frye suggested long ago, there are really four major literary genres (song/epos, lyric, prose fiction,

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and drama), and these might be best characterized in rhythmic terms. As Hayden White has suggested, these generic textures also correlate closely with the four master tropes (metaphor, synecdoche, metonymy, and irony) and the four major modes of emplotment (romance, comedy, tragedy, and satire). Linguists with a strong analogical bent, such as Kenneth Pike, have argued that grammatical form falls into homologously quadratic paradigms. And many, including Frye, have noticed the quadratic organization of major complexes of archetypal images in poetry—the four seasons of the year, the four major directions of the compass, the four elements, and so forth.” –  “Toward a Temporal Theory of Language.” Journal of English Linguistics 25, no. 4 (December 1997): 287–303. Points to Frye’s quadratic theory of literary genres and other literary conventions to bolster the claim for the importance of quadratic categories, which he calls the poetic paradigm, in numerous other fields. Curran, Ian. “Theology, Evolution, and the Figural Imagination: Teilhard de Chardin and His Theological Critics.” Irish Theological Quarterly 84, no. 3 (August 2019): 287–304. “In The Great Code, Northrop Frye identifies seven phases of revelation that are linked sequentially as type and antitype: creation, exodus, law, wisdom, prophecy, gospel, and apocalypse. The Old Testament thus moves typologically from creation to prophecy, and the entire Old Testament, in light of New Testament revelation, becomes a prophetic anticipation of Christ.” Curran, Thomas Heinrich. Doctrine and Speculation in Schleiermacher’s Glaubenslehre. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1994. Calls attention to the different definitions of parataxis in Frye’s review of Paul de Man’s Rhetoric of Romanticism and in the definition provided in The Harper Handbook to Literature, which Frye coauthored. (Frye, however, did not write this Handbook entry.) Currell, David. “The Better Part of Stolen Valour: Counterfeits, Comedy and the Supreme Court.” Critical Survey 30, no. 1 (Spring 2018): 98–114. Glances at the part played by the archetypal miles gloriosis, or pedant, in comedy. Curtis, Paul M. “‘Yo man so what’s your story’: The Double Bind and Addiction in David Foster Wallace’s Infinite Jest.” Mosaic: A Journal for the Interdisciplinary Study of Literature 49, no. 4 (December 2016): 37–52. Looks at the spiritual symbolism of water in the Book of Genesis, according to Frye. Cvetkoski, Vladimir. “одисеевото слегување во подземјето во некои преводи на езра паунд, михаил д.

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Петрушевски и богомил ѓузел” [Odyssean katabasis in Translations by Ezra Pound, Mihail D. Petrushevski, and Bgomil Gjuzel]. Спектар 65 (2015): 124–45. In Macedonian. Czarnecki, Mark. “The Gospel According to Frye.” Maclean’s (5 April 1982): 40–4. Rpt. in an abridged form as “The Vision of Northrop Frye” in Reader’s Digest [Montreal] 121 (October 1982): 55–8; adapted by Daniel Perusse and rpt. as “Le Testament d’un génie ou l’homme biblionique” in L’Actualité 10 (February 1985): 8, 11. Cover story, occasioned by the publication of The Great Code, about Frye’s reputation as a critic. Comments on the influence of Blake on Frye, gives a number of biographical anecdotes, traces his academic career, glances at his major books, and observes that “although his works have secured him an exalted niche in the pantheon of contemporary thinkers, the memory of Frye as a teacher is what Frye the man hopes will linger on.” Czarniawska, Barbara. “Distant Readings: Anthropology of Organizations through Novels.” Journal of Organizational Change Management 22, no. 4 (2009): 357–72. “The purpose of this paper is to call for the development of anthropologies of organization through ‘distant reading’ of novels. The paper uses insights from literary theory, but “lest some reader might suspect me of cultivating a wish for a stable taxonomy proposed for literature by Northrop Frye and a desire for a consolidated organization theory by Jeffrey Pfeffer, I would like to remind the reader that even blurring genres amounts to redrawing a genre’s borders, and that this is an activity that never ceases in a lively, active field.” –  “Management She Wrote: Organization Studies and Detective Stories.” Culture and Organization 5, no. 1 (1999): 13–41. “Genre analysis is often used as a classificatory device (for the most famous example, see Northrop Frye). Although a system of categories as such is relatively easy to construct and has a strong heuristic power, its application to concrete works is more problematic.” D Dabu, Bianca. “An Introduction to Sociocultural Aspects of Product Advertisements.” Limba și Literatura— Repere Identitare în Context European 19 (2016): 260–6. Notes Frye’s typological reading of the Bible. Dài, Yún Hóng. “The History of Chinese Literature from the Perspective of the Myth and Ritual School.” Journal of Jishou University (Social Sciences) 1 (2012). In Chinese.

Daiches, David. Critical Approaches to Literature. 2nd ed. London: Longman, 1981. Examines Frye’s work in the context of archetypal criticism by summarizing the method in the first three essays of Anatomy of Criticism. Sees this method as reductive, even though it “can help to show what literature is and how it works.” Dale, Gareth. Karl Polanyi: A Life on the Left. New York: Columbia University Press, 2016. Notes that Frye was among the nonsocialists whom Karl Polanyi tried to recruit in the early 1960s as a contributor to his new journal, Co-Existence: A Journal for the Comparative Study of Economics, Sociology and Politics in a Changing World. Frye did not contribute but offered “moral and intellectual support.” Dalgleish, Melissa. “Frye Unschooled: Mythopoeic Modernism in Canada.” English Studies in Canada 37, no. 2 (June 2011): 43–66. On the socalled Frye School of mythopoeic poetry. Damabupuk (blogger). “Up in the Sky: Moses, Jesus, and Superman.” Giant Box of Comics (26 June 2009). http://giantboxofcomics.blogspot.com/. Following Frye’s principles for a typological reading of the Bible, compares Superman to both Moses and Christ, concluding that he is an antitype of the Biblical saviour. D’Amico, Masolino. “Frye ‘Dall’ironia al mito.” La Stampa (28 May 1987). On Frye’s theory of modes. Damrosch, David. “Northrop Frye.” Comparing the Literatures: Literary Studies in a Global Age. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2020. –  “Preface.” Princeton Classics edition of Anatomy of Criticism, by Northrop Frye. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2020. Danesi, Marcel. Of Cigarettes, High Heels, and Other Interesting Things: An Introduction to Semiotics. Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. Comments on Frye’s observation about the omnipresence of metaphors derived from the Bible. D’Angelo, F.J. “Tropics of Invention.” Rhetoric Review 36, no. 3 (2017): 200–13. “Seems to reiterate Miller’s contention that ‘what is constructive in any verbal discourse seems to be invariably some kind of metaphor or hypothetical identification’ and some kind of narrative element.” Daniel, Janice B. “A New Kind of Hero: Harriet Jacobs’s Incidents.” Southern Quarterly 35, no. 3 (1997): 7–12. Interprets the character of Linda Brent in Harriet Ann Jacobs’s Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl: Written by Herself (1861) as a female version of the hero of

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

the romance mode. Jacobs’s narrative employs the elements of romance as outlined in Frye’s The Secular Scripture—ascent, descent, double identity, allies, enemies, alienation, and trials—even though critics today recognize it as nonfiction. Danson, Lawrence. Shakespeare’s Dramatic Genres. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. In the chapter on Shakespeare’s tragedies, the author follows Frye’s distinction between tragedy and comedy, and the epilogue acknowledges his general debt to Frye’s theory of genres. –  “Twentieth-Century Shakespeare Criticism: The Comedies.” In The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare Studies, ed. Stanley Wells. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. 231–39. Reviews the role that Frye’s criticism has had on the study of Shakespeare’s comedies. Says that in the “rediscovery” of the genre of comedy, Frye’s work has “provided the single most important impetus.” D’Arcy, Chantal Cornut-Gentille. “Classic Comedy as a Barometer for Present Times or the Debunking of Categorical Delineations of Nationality in ‘Passport to Pimlico’ (Henry Cornelius, 1949)/La Comedia Clásica como Barómetro de la Época Actual o el Desmantelamiento de Delineaciones Categóricas de Nacionalidad en ‘Passport to Pimlico’ (Henry Cornelius, 1949).” Atlantis 34, no. 1 (2012): 11–26. “In his essay ‘The Argument of Comedy’ (1949), the by now classic critic and theorist Northrop Frye suggested that in ancient Greece there were two periods of comedy, ‘old comedy’ and a later ‘new comedy.’ The first, he said, accepted that society was unchangeable and that vice and folly could only be ridiculed in such a way as to enable a brief ‘carnivalesque’ holiday before a return to conformity. The second suggested an alienating social order could be reshaped; it often involved an escape to nature before a return to a regenerated society.” Dario, Ruben, and Orozco Montoya. “Nuestra mas humana inquietud: Una lectura de Northrop Frye” [Our Most Human Concern: A Reading by Northrop Frye]. Escritos: Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana (Medellin) 13, no. 30 (2005): 318–30. In Spanish. “Literary criticism always starts from a particular world view. The good sense or the lack of good sense of criticism is at all times linked to its conception of men and the universe. In Spiritus Mundi Northrop Frye shows us the origin of his own conception of literature and art, their bond with the world of ethics, their importance to the construction of a sense of life.” (author’s abstract)

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Das, B. “Myth Criticism and Its Value.” Twentieth-Century American Criticism: Interdisciplinary Approaches, ed. Raj Nath. New Delhi: Arnold-Heinemann, 1977. 242–55. Points out the significance of myth criticism as practised by Frye and others (Wheelwright, Chase, and Fergusson). Says their approach “enables us to see that myth is an expression of man’s deepest concern about himself and his place in the scheme of the universe, his relationship with man, nature and God.” Dault, Gary Michael. “The Last Hours of Northrop Frye.” Hamilton Arts & Letters 7 no. 2 (2014–15). A short story. Frye was the author’s PhD supervisor. Dauster, Frank. “Frye y Fergusson: Hacia una teoría del teatro” [Frye and Fergusson: Towards a Theory of Theatre]. Texto Crítico 15 (October–December 1979): 128–32. In Spanish. Examines the similarities and differences between Frye’s theory of comedy and tragedy and that of Francis Fergusson. Concludes that for all of their differences, they both, through their intuitions about drama, provide insights into the fundamental nature of the human mind. Davey, Frank. “Constructing ‘Canadian Literature’: A Retrospective.” Oxford Handbook of Canadian Literature, ed. Cynthia Sugars. Oxford, UK. Oxford University Press, 2015. “Once troubled mainly by Northrop Frye’s question of how its texts could be both Canadian and literary, the field now grapples with questions of how it can itself be at once transnational, multicultural, decolonizing, institutionally self-aware, global, still literary, and still Canadian.” –  “Itself a ‘Strange Loop’: A Comment on Eli Mandel’s ‘Northrop Frye and Cultural Freudianism.’” Canadian Journal of Political and Social Theory/Revue canadienne de theorie politique et sociale 6, nos. 1–2 (Winter–Spring 1982): 195–7. “‘Strange Loops’ is a provocative paper, which raises numerous issues about the nature of writing, the nature of criticism, the cultural divisions (if any) in Canada, the role of geography (if any) in literary theory or cultural division, and, fifthly, the strange leap that occurs between Frye’s universal theory of literature and the limited perspective of literary nationalism. . . . what I find most surprising about Mandel’s paper: the central role it assigns to Frye.” –  “Northrop Frye.” From There to Here: A Guide to English-Canadian Literature since 1960. Erin, ON: Press Porcepic, 1974. 106–12. A summary of Frye’s intellectual career. Gives special attention to Frye as a critic of Canadian literature and seeks to correct three misconceptions about him—that he is an apologist for the symbolist and gnostic traditions, that he is a

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Platonist, and that his theories of literature require the contemporary writer consciously to incorporate mythology into his writing. –  “Surviving the Paraphrase.” Canadian Literature 70 (Autumn 1976): 5–13 [1, 6–9, 12]. On Frye’s place in the tradition of thematic criticism, which is said to have dominated Canadian letters. David, Jack. “Northrop Frye . . . A Hatchet Job.” Waves 2 (Spring 1974): 26–30. Claims that modern science refutes Frye’s assumption about the total coherence of criticism, that Frye’s own practice denies his belief about the separation of literature and criticism, and that contemporary sensibility refutes his rejection of evaluation. Dávidházi, Péter. “József, Illyés, Jób (I) (Párhuzamos verselemzés bibliai fénytörésben)” [Joseph, Ulysses, Job: Parallel Verse Analysis in Biblical Refraction)]. Holmi 5 (2008): 609–21. In Hungarian. Muses on the several meanings that attach themselves to the word “code” in Blake’s statement that “The Bible is the Great Code of Art,” which Frye selected as the title for his first book on the Bible and literature. –  “‘Jövevények és zsellérek’: Egy bibliai fogalompár nyomában” [Strangers and Foreigners: After a Biblical Concept]. Holmi 8 (2006): 1033–50. An essay on biblical interpretation, which cites Frye’s “The Archetypes of Literature.” –  “A Tribute to ‘The Great Code’: Voltaire’s Lisbon Poem, Mike’s Letter CXCVIII and the Book of Job.” In Northrop Frye 100: A Danubian Perspective, Sára Tóth, Tibor Fabiny, János Kenyeres and Péter Pásztor. Budapest: KGRE–  L’Harmattan, 2014. 109–39. Demonstrates how a present-day scholar may benefit from applying Frye’s insights and methods to a comparative analysis of two literary works with a common, if latent, biblical subtext. Both Voltaire’s “Poëme sur le désastre de Lisbonne ou examen de cet axiome: Tout est bien” and Kelemen Mikes’s letter CXCVIII in his Letters from Turkey were prompted by the Lisbon earthquake of 1755, both responded to the problems of theodicy, and both alluded to the Book of Job. Davie, Donald. Articulate Energy: An Inquiry into the Syntax of English Poetry. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1955. 130–41, 161–5. A brief look at some of Frye’s early views, later incorporated into Anatomy of Criticism, on poetic syntax and rhetoric. Remarks that Frye’s statement about the relationship among rhetoric, grammar, and logic is “exceptionally subtle and intelligent,” but takes issue with Frye’s claim that logic and grammar move into the area of rhetoric,

and philosophy and history into the area of poetry only when they shed their distinctive syntax. Argues, in opposition to Frye, that poetic meaning comes not simply from a self-contained configuration of poetic imagery but also from the relation of syntax to things outside the realm of language. Davies, Alan. “George Bradford Caird: A Tribute and Memoir.” Touchstone 31, no. 2 (June 2013): 55–61. “In his appreciation of myth, Caird would have found an ally in another man of genius, literary scholar Northrop Frye, and it is instructive to compare The Language and Imagery of the Bible with Frye’s two books, The Great Code and Words with Power. I do not know if they ever met, but both thought that poetry arose before prose and that poetic visions are not to be dismissed as untrue because they do not accord with empirical science.” Davies, Ioan. “Theorizing Toronto.” http://www.yorku.ca/ comcult/frames/about/ioan/teaching/articles/toronto2. htm. On the images of Toronto in the work of Frye and others—in the context of Frye’s wider views on Canadian nature and culture. Davies, Philip R. “The Bible: Utopian, Dystopian, or Neither? Or: Northrop Frye Meets Monty Python.” Relegere: Studies in Religion and Reception 2, no. 1 (2012): 91–107. “In The Great Code (1982), Northrop Frye rewrites the mediaeval and early modern myth of human existence as progression from Fall to Judgment from a humanistic and Romantic perspective, recoding the Bible as a series of utopian visions which together constitute a single grand utopian vision. This article in turn rewrites Frye’s Code from a modern Western perspective which eschews both naïve optimism and tragic vision for a dark comic or Pythonesque view of life, recognizing the absurdity of human ambition and pointlessness of human existence, while laughing in the face of it.” –  “Biblical Studies: Fifty Years of a Multi-Discipline.” Currents in Biblical Research 13, no. 1 (2014): 34–66. “We should not ignore Northrop Frye’s (1982) monumental Blakean effort to re-encode the Christian Bible.” Davis, Alex. “Between Courtesy and Constancy: The Faerie Queene, Books 6 and 7.” ELH 83, no. 3 (Fall 2016): 655–79. “Arguments against the idea of a projected ‘Legend of Constancy’ tend to invoke aesthetic criteria that are fully implicated in the action of the poem itself, and in book 6 and The Mutabilitie Cantos in particular. Boundedness, shapeliness, a desire for fixity and completion: Frye’s terms are precisely those put into

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

question in Spenser’s narrative. Arguments against The Mutabilitie Cantos as the ‘parcel’ of a seventh book of the poem on the grounds that (for example) no previous allegorical episode is so sustained treat The Faerie Queene as a mere template, possessed of a machinic regularity. They banish from the poem precisely that possibility for alteration and change that The Mutabilitie Cantos aims to explore.” –  “Learning to Be Brutal: Synge, Decadence, and the Modern Movement.” New Hibernia Review/Iris Éireannach Nua 14, no. 3 (Autumn 2010): 33–51. “The ‘vitality’ of this verse [Synges’s Queens] owes much to its metrical simplicity: the trochaic quatrameters making good use of the four-stress line Northrop Frye identifies as ‘the common rhythm of popular poetry in all periods, of ballads and of most nursery rhymes.’” Davis, Clark. It Starts with Trouble: William Goyen and the Life of Writing. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2016. “Goyen was a writer of startling originality and deep artistic commitment whose work attracted an international audience and the praise of such luminaries as Northrop Frye, Truman Capote, Gaston Bachelard, and Joyce Carol Oates. His subject was the land and language of his native East Texas; his desire, to preserve the narrative music through which he came to know his world.” Frye found Goyen’s House of Breath “remarkable” and “outstandingly clever.” Davis, Darrell William. Picturing Japaneseness: Monumental Style, National Identity, Japanese Film. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996. Seeks to apply Frye’s theory of modes to Japanese film. Davis, Kenneth W. “Demystifying Literature: Northrop Frye in the Classroom.” English Education 3 (Spring 1972): 203–9. A study of Frye’s efforts to demystify literature and of his contributions to the methods of teaching it. Davis, Laura K. Review of The Shifting Politics of Time in Canadian Literary Culture, by Paul Huebener. British Journal of Canadian Studies 30, no. 2 (2017): 270–1. Huebener begins, says Davis, “by reframing Northrop Frye’s famous question about Canada, ‘Where is here?’ to ask ‘when is now?’ He discusses how time has recently been foregrounded in Canadian culture, in the Slow Food Movement, for example, and he critiques the culture of speed and acceleration epitomised by late capitalism.” Davis, Rick. “Season Reflections from Dean Davis, May 10, 2018.” https://cvpa.gmu.edu/news/512521. “The idea of the ‘season’ has been brought over intact from

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the natural world to organize the rhythms of our performance calendar and academic life. In fact, if you’ll indulge a little academic digression, seasons may shape the actual boundaries of literature and art, according to the late (and great) Canadian critic Northrop Frye in his masterwork Anatomy of Criticism. Frye identifies the four seasons with literary genres—Spring is Comedy, Summer = Romance (surprise!), Autumn (aka Fall) is associated with Tragedy, and Winter with Irony. I have always been attracted to Frye’s scheme because I think human beings tend to want to create, and consume, works of art that match the energy and feeling of the world outside, and seasonal rhythms also guarantee variety of experience, make us ask different questions, and require us to remain flexible in the face of an everchanging world.” Davis, Robert Con. “Depth Psychology and ‘The Scene of Writing’: Jung and Freud.” In Contemporary Literary Criticism: Modernism through Post-Structuralism, ed. Robert Con Davis. New York: Longmans, 1986. 218–19. Looks briefly at Frye’s version of archetypal criticism in the context of New Critical assumptions about literature and history. –  “John Barth and Imitation: The Case for a PostStructuralist Mimesis.” Fabula 3 (March 1984): 21–47 [21, 27–28, 47]. Sees Barth’s self-referential fiction, which is said to be similar to the poststructuralists’ idea of the self-referentiality of language, as set over against the conception of mimesis found in Frye, among others. Frye, like Aristotle, Auerbach, Booth, and Watt, holds to a realist view of imitation that lies between the substantialism of (say) Plato and the poststructuralism of Derrida, Barthes, and Genette. Davis, Todd F. “The Evolution of Formalism: The Case of Northrop Frye” and “Charlotte Brontë and Frye’s Secular Scripture: The Structure of Romance in Jane Eyre.” In Formalist Criticism and Reader Response Theory. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. 33–36, 107–12. Davis, Walter A. Idea and Act in Elizabethan Fiction. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2015; orig. pub. 1969. Draws on Frye’s account of the four forms of prose fiction. Dawson, Carrie. “How Does Our Garden Grow?” Canadian Literature 204 (Spring 2010): 110–13. In a review of Dione Brand’s Inventory, applies Frye’s “observation that new conditions lend old conditions new significance to what she describes as Canada’s ‘garrison mentality.’ In light of recent policy changes that point toward a state ideology that

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is more concerned contracting cheap labor than the development of citizens, she suggests, today’s scholars need to adopt a practice of critically examining these new articulations of Canada’s lingering garrison mentality.” (author’s abstract) Dawson, Graham. “The Imaginative Geography of Masculine Adventure.” Renaissance and Modern Studies 39 (1996): 27–45. Dawson, Lesel. “Revenge and the Family Romance in Tarantino’s Kill Bill.” Mosaic: A Journal for the Interdisciplinary Study of Literature 47, no. 2 (June 2014): 121–34. “Although romance’s long history and textual diversity make it a difficult genre to pin down, Kill Bill’s happy ending, its simplified morality, its episodic, anti-representational nature, and its depiction of a family reunited and a lost child found, can all be associated with the romance mode, which, as Northrop Frye suggests, ‘avoids the ambiguities of ordinary life,’ offering instead ‘a polarized world of good and evil.’” Dawson, Terence. “Here I Stand: Blake’s The Marriage of Heaven and Hell as Confessional Writing.” Jung Journal 6, no. 2 (Spring 2012): 43–67. “The history of critical response to The Marriage is a tale of heady excitement periodically checked by scholarship. The work has been approached from almost every conceivable critical perspective. . . . Northrop Frye argued that it was about an impending apocalypse and a consequent ‘transformation of the body into spiritual Substance.’ David Erdman’s Prophet against Empire marked a watershed: he argues that the Marriage is a social satire that ‘mocks those who can accept a spiritual apocalypse but are terrified at a resurrection of the body of society itself.’ His perspective changed the way scholars responded to Blake. Today they are impatient with claims about the possible ‘spiritual’ meaning of his works; they prefer to situate these firmly in their historical context. In Robert Essick’s succinct formulation, ‘the School of Erdman has triumphed over the School of Frye.’” Day, Douglas. “Catch-22: A Manifesto for Anarchists.” Carolina Quarterly 15 (Summer 1963): 86–92. Maintains that Catch-22 is not “a novel at all. It is, rather, what scholars like Northrop Frye would define as an anatomy, or satire. . . . The reader who tries to judge it by a novelcentered conception of fiction will indeed find little to please.” Day, Robert Adams. “Richard Bentley and John Dunton.” In Studies in Eighteenth Century Culture, vol 18, ed. O.M. Brack, Jr. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press,

1986. Dependent on Frye’s essay “Towards Defining an Age of Sensibility.” Dean, James M. “Domestic and Material Culture in the Middle English Adam Books.” Studies in Philology 107, no. 1 (Winter 2010): 25–47. “The Adam book authors make explicit what Northrop Frye observes of Adam’s story: ‘The archetype of the inevitably ironic is Adam, human nature under sentence of death.’ The Adam books offer a picture of tragic melancholy and unrelieved gloom—until Seth’s return to paradise. Adam and Eve are alone on a darkling plain, so to speak, and their dialogue confirms this sense of a land of darkness.’” Also in the manner of their narration the Adam books tend toward what Frye calls the ‘secular scripture,’ so they embody elements of the romance as well. Dean, John. Restless Wanderers: Shakespeare and the Pattern of Romance. Salzburg: Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik, 1979. 106–8. Outlines Frye’s concept of romance as myth. Deaza, Juan Camilo Ospina. “Entre el mito y el rito, un análisis estructural de Star Wars” [Between the Myth and the Rite: A Structural Analysis of Star Wars]. Boletín de Antropología 30, no. 50 (2015): 208–41. In Spanish. Includes brief account of Frye’s status as a myth critic. de Armas, F.A. “Villamediana’s La gloria de Niquea: An Alchemical Masque.” Journal of Hispanic Philology 8 (1984): 209–31. In a commentary on Villamediana’s masque, isolates, expands, and modifies four of Frye’s principles in Spiritus Mundi: mirror, magic, polarity, and cosmology. Decker, Christof. “Edward Bellamy, Looking Backward, 2000–1887.” In Handbook of the American Novel of the Nineteenth Century. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter, 2018. On Bellamy’s novel as modelled on a time-travel adventure, which in “Varieties of Literary Utopias” Frye saw as characteristic of modern utopian fiction. Decker, Michelle. “Entangled Poetics: Apartheid South African Poetry between Politics and Form.” Research in African Literatures 47, no. 4 (Winter 2016): 71–90. By way of Frye and Paul de Man, seeks ways of uniting black and white poetics. De Clairac, Ramón Salas Lamamié. “La interpretación de la sostenibilidad y la sostenibilidad de la interpretación” [The Interpretation of Sustainability and the Sustainability of Interpretation]. Arte y Políticas de Identidad 10 (July 2014): 93–111. In Spanish. Paraphrases Frye. DeCook, Travis. “Northrop Frye and the Book as Metaphor and Material Artifact.” University of Toronto

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Quarterly 81, no. 1 (Winter 2012): 37–49. “Few strains of literary study seem further from Frye’s critical project than the history of the book. In light of this distance, this essay is inspired by two primary objectives. The first is to cast light on Frye’s treatment of the book as a material artefact, a theme that has received relatively little attention. The second is to draw attention to the important role of the material book as metaphor in Frye’s writings, and consider its implications for the practice of book history. Working against prevailing stereotypes of both Frye’s visionary humanism and book history, this essay attempts to bridge the two by considering how books as physical artefacts participate in the work of the imagination. I argue that Frye’s attentiveness to the socially symbolic power of the book, and his various explorations of the metaphorical possibilities of this artefact, provide powerful instances of how cultural meanings of media of inscription signify alongside their verbal contents.” (author’s abstract) DeGloma, Thomas. “Awakenings: Autobiography, Memory, and the Social Logic of Personal Discovery.” Sociological Forum 25, no. 3 (September 2010): 519–40. Differentiates the author’s approach to the form and function of autobiography from Frye’s. DeJong, Timothy A. “Between the Is and the Is Not: Northrop Frye, Adaptation, and the Romantic Imagination.” English Studies in Canada 37, no. 2 (June 2011): 67–86. Explores the means and ends of the romantic imagination by examining the film Adaptation, which engages the Frygean question of the social function of literature. Delany, Sheila. “A, A and B: Coding Same-Sex Union in Amis and Amiloun.” In Pulp Fictions of Medieval England: Essays in Popular Romance. Manchester, UK: Manchester Scholarship Online: July 2012. Observes that the fictional legend might be considered a subcategory of romance, what Frye called “the mastergenre.” Notes that hagiography also fits Frye’s definition of romance. Del Greco, Remigio. “Shylock, tragedia nella commedia. . . . Shylock: Da Shakespeare a Wesker” [Shylock, Tragedy in Comedy. . . . Shylock: From Shakespeare to Wesker]. Tesi online. https://www.tesionline.it/consult/brano. jsp?id=12205. In Italian. On Frye’s interpretation of The Merchant of Venice, the dynamics and plot of which faithfully respect the classic scheme of comedy. Delespinasse, Doris Stringham. “The Significance of Dual Point of View in Bleak House.” Nineteenth-Century Fiction 23, no. 3 (1968): 253–64. Sees Esther’s narration as a mixture of what Frye calls novel and romance,

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and notes that the omniscient narrator’s view is almost entirely an anatomy. Deleyto, Celestino. “La comedia y la risa en el cine: Historias de amor y sexo en I Was a Male War Bride” [Comedy and Laughter in the Cinema: Love and Sex Stories in I Was a Male War Bride]. Archivos de la Filmoteca 37 (February 2001): 164–81, 183. In Spanish. Relies on the two kinds of comedies Frye discusses in his theory of genres, the Aristotelian and the satirical. Delgado, Ana Beatriz. “Paradigms of Canadian Literary Biography.” Prose Studies 27, no. 3 (December 2005): 330–43. Rpt. in Transculturing Auto/Biography: Forms of Life Writing, ed. Rosalia Baena. London: Routledge/ Taylor and Francis, 2007. Applies Frye’s idea of myth to Charlotte Gray’s Sisters in the Wilderness. Della Terza, Dante. “Tendenze attuali della critica americana” [Current Trends in American Criticism]. Strumenti critici 3 (June 1969): 81–97 [92–5]. In Italian. Frye’s myth criticism is one of the current trends in American criticism. de Man, Paul. Blindness and Insight: Essays in the Rhetoric of Contemporary Criticism. New York: Oxford University Press, 1971, 26; 2nd ed. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1983. 26, 107. In discussing Frye’s idea of intention, argues that Frye reifies literature into a natural object. Frye gives “license to order and classify the whole of literature into one single thing which, even though circular, would nevertheless be a gigantic cadaver.” DeMaria, Robert, Jr. “The Ideal Reader: A Critical Fiction.” PMLA 93 (May 1978): 463–74 [468–70]. On Frye’s conception of the reader in literature. “Frye’s ideal reader enters literature . . . [He] is a hero embarked on a quest . . . Literature, as Frye’s reader encounters it in the first stage of his quest, is a ‘structure of experience,’ and criticism, which is what the reader undertakes in the second phase, is a ‘structure of knowledge.’ The end of criticism, however and the goal of the reader’s quest, is again a kind of experience . . . both literary and living, not only personal but also social and universal.” Dembo, L.S. “Introduction and Perspective.” Contemporary Literature 9 (Summer 1968): 277–89 [277, 279–81]. Rpt. in Criticism: Speculative and Analytical Essays, ed. L.S. Dembo. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1968. An introduction to some of the issues raised in Frye’s essay, “On Value Judgments,” which appeared in the 1968 Summer issue of Contemporary Literature. Contrasts Frye’s assumptions about the separation of knowledge and value from those

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of Murray Krieger, whose essay “Literary Analysis and Evaluation” appears in the same issue of the journal. de Meneses, Adélia Bezerra. “Dãolalalão de Guimarães Rosa ou o ‘Cântico dos cânticos’ do sertão: Um sino e seu badaladal” [Danalalalão de Guimarães Rosa or the “Song of Songs” of the Backlands: A Bell and Its Chime]. Estudos Avançados 22, no. 64 (December 2008). In Portuguese. “Guimarães Rosa’s novel Dãolalalão, shows the presence of what Northrop Frye has called the ‘Great Code’ of the western civilization’s literature, the Bible, cross-cultured in the Brazilian backlands and the contradictions produced by such a situation.” Demers, Patricia. “Early Modern Women’s Words with Power: Absence and Presence.” In Kee, Northrop Frye and the Afterlife of the Word, 89–102. In response to Frye’s lament that we do not have a critical language for the female symbols in the Bible, explores a sample of early modern women writers ignored by Frye. Deming, Richard. Art of the Ordinary: The Everyday Domain of Art, Film, Philosophy, and Poetry. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2018. “Stanley Cavell has shown the possibilities for thinking about ethics and skepticism that a movie can make available. Yet his focus on the structure of remarriage comedies also depends to a large extent on Northrop Frye’s thinking about the conventions of Shakespearean romantic comedy. Drawing on Frye, Cavell characterizes this dramatic mode as being built on the model of a ‘young pair overcoming individual and social obstacles to their happiness.’” Demson, Michael. “Encountering the Polyonymous Transnational: Euripides, Northrop Frye, and the Circulation of Myth in World Literature.” Paper presented at Educating the Imagination: A Conference in Honour of Northrop Frye on the Centenary of His Birth, University of Toronto, 4–6 October 2013. Deng, Wensheng, and Yan Wu. “The New Exploration of The Merchant of Venice.” Theory and Practice in Language Studies 3, no. 9 (September 2013): 1624–9. Jane Ellen Harrison “comes to a conclusion: The ancient art and ritual are born from the same impulse of human instinct and are supplement and complement respectively, so they are both subjective expressions of emotion by imitating actions. And Northrop Frye, a Canadian literary critic, holds that the factors occurred repeatedly in literary works are not created by writers’ personal talent but traditions in literary development. And the factors are something called ‘archetypes.’” Denham, Robert D. “Anagogy and Kerygma.” The Educated Imagination: A Website Dedicated to Northrop

Frye. https://macblog.mcmaster.ca/fryeblog/2009/10/29/ anagogy-2/. –  “An Anatomy of Frye’s Influence.” In Lombardo, Ritratto, 359–68. An account of the response Frye’s criticism has received, especially the translations of his books and the secondary literature it has occasioned, as an index of his continuing influence. –  “An Anatomy of Frye’s Influence.” American Review of Canadian Studies 14 (Spring 1984): 1–19. Assesses the place of Frye in the contemporary critical scene: his relation to the structuralists and poststructuralists, his influence on Blake and Shakespearean studies, and the assimilation of his ideas into disciplines other than criticism. Speculates on the reasons for Frye’s continuing influence. –  “Annotations in Frye’s Books.” Northrop Frye Newsletter 9, no. 2 (Summer 2002): 20–35. On what we can learn from the notes Frye made in books from his own library. –  “Anti-anaesthetics: or, The Turn of the Freudian Crews.” Centrum: Papers of the Minnesota Center for Advanced Studies in Language, Style, and Literary Theory 1, no. 2 (1973): 105–22 [112–17]. Takes issue, in part 2 of the essay, with Frederick Crews’s attack on Frye as one of the chief promulgators of the doctrine that critics should not stray outside literature in developing their fundamental principles. Argues that Crews misrepresents Frye’s position. –  “Auguries of Influence.” In Denham and Willard, Visionary Poetics, 77–99. On the various indexes by which to judge Frye’s influence. –  “Common Cause: Notes on Frye’s View of Education.” CEA Critic 42 (November 1979): 23–8. Rpt. in Denham, Essays on Northrop Frye, 267–74. Discusses the close alignment between the critical and pedagogical aspects of Frye’s work. Examines especially Frye’s myths of freedom and concern as the context for his view of the educational contract. –  “Editing Frye.” Northrop Frye Weblog, McMaster University, posted 22 January 2011. https://macblog. mcmaster.ca/fryeblog/2011/01/23/editing-frye/. An account of a fifteen-year odyssey devoted to bringing into print some thirteen volumes of Frye’s previously unpublished writing. –  “Frye and Colin Still.” Northrop Frye and Others: Twelve Writers Who Helped Shape His Thinking. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 2015. 213–21. On the influence of Still on Frye’s view of The Tempest. Seeks to counter the perspective of those who think Still’s

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Shakespearean criticism is a form of esoterica existing on the fringes of accepted critical norms. –  “Frye and Hegel.” University of Toronto Quarterly 83, no. 4 (Fall 2014): 1780–802. Rpt. in Denham, Northrop Frye and Others. Volume. II: The Order of Words, 101–22. Traces the influence of Hegel upon Frye’s thought, beginning with the extraordinary paper he wrote on Romanticism as a twenty-year-old undergraduate and continuing through his two books on the Bible, The Great Code and Words with Power, and his posthumously published The Double Vision. Seeks to demonstrate what Frye means by saying, “If Hegel had written his Phenomenology in mythos-language instead of in logos-language a lot of my work would be done for me.” Particular attention is paid to the ways the Hegelian notion of Aufhebung plays out in Frye’s dialectic, which characteristically works to resolve the opposition between two categories. Also considers the importance of the ladder metaphor in both Hegel and Frye. –  “Frye and Longinus.” English Studies in Canada 37, no. 2 (June 2011): 87–109. A slightly different version published in Northrop Frye 100: A Danubian Perspective, ed. Sára Tóth, Tibor Fabiny, János Kenyeres, and Péter Pásztor. Budapest: KGRE–L’Harmattan, 2014. 15–36. Rpt. in Denham, Northrop Frye and Others: Twelve Writers Who Helped Shape His Thinking, 63–83. Examines the question of whether or not there are two essential thrusts to Frye’s critical vision that are more or less incommensurate with each other and that therefore are not subject to Frye’s usual tendency of bringing together oppositions, such as Aristotle versus Longinus, by way of their interpenetration or their being subjected to the Hegelian Aufhebung. The question is approached by way of Frye’s commitment to both Aristotelian and Longinian perspectives. Concludes that Frye finally privileges Longinus over Aristotle. –  “Frye and the Bodley Club.” Northrop Frye Newsletter 10 (2004): 3–8. On Frye’s student paper delivered to the Bodley Club, “A Short History of the Devil,” and the minutes he kept as secretary of the Club. –  “Frye and the East: Buddhist and Hindu Translations.” In O’Grady and Wang, Northrop Frye, 3–18. Rpt. in Denham, Essays on Northrop Frye, 55–70. An earlier version appeared in Chinese as “Frye and the East,” trans. Shi An Bin, in Foreign Literatures 1 (1995): 12–15, and in Fulai Yanjiu: Zhongguo yu Xifand [Northrop Frye Studies: China and the West], trans. Shi An Bin. Beijing: Social Sciences Press of China, 1996. 187–200. In Chinese. On Frye’s connection to Eastern philosophical, religious, and literary traditions.

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–  “Frye and the Social Context of Criticism.” South Atlantic Bulletin 39 (November 1974): 63–72. Rpt. in Denham, Essays on Northrop Frye, 157–67. Seeks to correct the popular conception of Frye as an exclusively formal theorist. Examines Frye’s views on the social function of criticism, the role of literature in society, and the ethical ends of art. –  “Frye hite: Beszélgetés Robert D. Denhammel” [Frye’s Faith: Conversation with Robert D. Denham]. In Northrop Frye: A Biblia Igézetében: Esszé, prédikáció, interjú. Budapest: Hermeneutikai Kutatóközpont, 1995. 100–4. In Hungarian. An interview about Frye with Tibor Fabiny and Péter Pásztor. –  “The Frye Papers.” In Boyd and Salusinszky, Rereading Frye, 3–18. A survey of the unpublished papers which came to light after Frye’s death. –  “The Frye Papers at Victoria University.” Recherches sémiotics/Semiotic Inquiry 13, no. 3 (1993): 101–16. An overview of the most important categories of Frye’s unpublished papers. –  “Frye’s Diaries.” In Wang and O’Grady, New Directions, 1–20. Rpt. in Denham, Essays on Northrop Frye, 189– 205. An overview of the kinds of material one finds in Frye’s diaries. –  “Frye’s International Presence.” In Lee and Denham, Legacy, xxvii–xxxii. On Frye’s international reputation as judged by the extensive writings about his work, the translations of his books, and the conferences devoted to assessing his criticism. –  “Frye’s Theory of Symbols.” Canadian Literature 66 (Autumn 1975): 63–79. Rpt. in Denham, Essays on Northrop Frye, 169–86. An analysis of Frye’s theory of meaning. Examines the several ways “symbol,” mythos, and dianoia are used in the Second Essay of Anatomy of Criticism, as well as the influence of Blake on Frye’s theory of symbolic phases. –  “Interpenetration as a Key Concept in Frye’s Critical Vision.” In Boyd and Salusinszky, Rereading Frye, 140–63. Rpt. in Denham, Essays on Northrop Frye, 33–53. On the historical, social, philosophical, literary, and religious meanings of “interpenetration” in Frye’s criticism. –  ed. “Intoxicated with Words: The Colours of Rhetoric,” by Northrop Frye, ed. Robert D. Denham. University of Toronto Quarterly 81, no. 1 (Winter 2012): 95–110. In a newly discovered document, Frye reflects on the metaphors of rise and decline in the philosophies of history of St. Augustine, Gibbon, Spengler, and

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Toynbee, and he raises the possibility of their being a Christian philosophy of history. –  “Introduction.” In Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, ed. Robert D. Denham. 2006. xvii–lxxii.Subsections: “Frye as Bricoleur,” “Frye as Structuralist,” “Frye as Anatomist,” “Frye and the New Criticism,” “Frye and the Chicago Neo-Aristotleians,” “Frye between Frazer and Freud: The Grammar of Symbolism,” “Initial Reception,” The Anatomy and Post-Structuralism,” and “The Anatomy and the Contours of Frye’s Career.” –  “Introduction.” In The Correspondence of Northrop Frye and Helen Kemp, 1932–1939, ed. Robert D. Denham. Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vols. 1–2. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1996. xv–xxv. –  “Introduction.” In The Diaries of Northrop Frye, 1942–1955, ed. Robert D. Denham. Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 8. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2001. xix–xlviii. –  “Introduction.” In Northrop Frye on Culture and Literature: A Collection of Review Essays, ed. Robert D. Denham. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978. 1–64. Partially rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism, vol. 24, ed. Sharon R. Gunton. Detroit: Gale Research, 1983. 227–9. Gives an overview of Frye’s work and attempts to show how the essays in the collection are a part of the continuous vision that characterizes his work. Also examines Frye’s views on the social context of criticism, his idea of the imagination, his theory of literary symbolism, his understanding of literary history, his practical criticism, and his views on identity as a principle of literary structure. –  “Introduction.” In Northrop Frye’s Late Notebooks, 1982– 1990: Architecture of the Spiritual World, ed. Robert D. Denham. Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vols. 5–6. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000. xix–xlv. –  “Introduction.” In Northrop Frye’s Notebooks and Lectures on the Bible and Other Religious Texts, ed. Robert D. Denham. Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 13. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2003. xxxi–lvii.

–  “Introduction.” In Northrop Frye’s Fiction and Miscellaneous Writings, ed. with Michael Dolzani. Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 24. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007. xxiii–lviii. –  “Memories of the Winter of 1985.” Ellipse: Textes littéraires canadiens en traduction / Canadian Writing in Translation 87–8 (2012): 98–101. Rpt. in A Giant in Time: An Anthology of Writings in Honour of Northrop Frye’s 100th Birthday. Ed. Edward Lemond and Suzanne Cyr. An account of spending a sabbatical in Toronto, working mostly on the Frye papers at Victoria College. –  “‘Moncton Did You Know?’ Northrop Frye’s Early Years.” Antigonish Review 38 (Summer 2004): 67–82. Rpt. in Ed Lemond, ed., Verticals of Frye/Les Verticales des Frye. Moncton, NB: Elbow Press, 2005. 48–58; and in Denham, Essays on Northrop Frye, 207–22. On Frye’s early life in Moncton, NB. –  “The No-Man’s Land of Competing Patterns.” Critical Inquiry 4 (Autumn 1977): 194–202 [197–201]. Takes issue with James Kincaid’s use of Frye’s theory of myths to support his argument about narrative coherence. Maintains that Kincaid misunderstands Frye’s intention. –  “Northrop Frye.” In Modern American Critics since 1955. Dictionary of Literary Biography, vol. 67, ed. Gregory S. Jay. Detroit: Gale, 1988. 106–28. A chronological review of the major works in Frye’s critical career. –  “Northrop Frye.” In Canadian Writers, 1920–1959, First Series: Dictionary of Literary Biography, vol. 68, ed. W.H. New. Detroit: Gale, 1988. 126–40. Traces the development of Frye’s reputation as a critic. –  “Northrop Frye: 1912–1991.” Blake: An Illustrated Quarterly 24 (Spring 1991): 158–9. A eulogy. –  “Northrop Frye.” In Encyclopedia of Religion, ed. Lindsay Jones, vol. 5, 2nd ed. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2005. 3223–6. –  “Northrop Frye: A Supplementary Bibliography.” Canadian Library Journal 34 (June 1977): 181–97, and Canadian Library Journal 34 (August 1977): 301–2.

–  “Introduction.” Northrop Frye on Literature and Society, 1936–1984: Unpublished Papers, ed. Robert D. Denham. Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 10. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2002. xv–xxviii.

_  “Northrop Frye and Edmund Blunden.” English Studies in Canada 41, no. 4 (December 2015): 1–24. Rpt. with changes in Denham, Northrop Frye and Others, Volume III, Interpenetrating Visions, 147–65. On the relationship in the late 1930s between Frye and his Merton College tutor, Edmund Blunden.

–  “Introduction.” Northrop Frye’s Student Essays, 1932–1938, ed. Robert D. Denham. Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 3. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997. xi–xxix.

–  “Northrop Frye and the Eastern Connection: The Mahayana Sutras, Bardo, and Yoga.” Virginia Review of Asian Studies 4 (Fall 2002): 147–50. On Frye’s reading in Eastern religious traditions.

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

–  “Northrop Frye and Franz Kafka.” English Studies in Canada 43–4, no. 1 (December 2017–March 2018): 49–66. –  “Northrop Frye and Jane Ellen Harrison.” Journal of Ritual Studies 31, no. 1 (2017): 53–61. Rpt. with revisions in Denham, Northrop Frye and Others: Twelve Writers Who Helped Shape His Thinking, 165–78. On the influence of Harrison on Frye’s understanding of ritual. –  “Northrop Frye and Johan Huizinga.” University of Toronto Quarterly 88, no. 4 (Fall 2019): 307–22. –  “Northrop Frye and Medicine.” In Verticals of Frye/ Les Verticales des Frye, ed. Ed Lemond. Moncton, NB: Elbow Press, 2005. 59–64. Rpt. in Denham, Essays on Northrop Frye, 241–9. This talk to a group of doctors in Moncton, NB, concludes with speculations about Frye’s belief that literature can be therapeutic. –  “Northrop Frye and Niccolò Machiavelli.” Quaderni d’italianistica 35, no. 1 (2014): 41–54. Rpt. in Northrop Frye and Others, Volume II, The Order of Words, 41–50. Seeks to answer the questions, how can we explain the numerous references in Frye’s notebooks and elsewhere to the political theory in Machiavelli’s The Prince? What in Machiavelli’s thought did Frye believe deserved our attention, and why? Toward this end the essay examines the Renaissance idea of the Machiavellian villain, the concept of virtù, and the idea of hypocrisy. –  “Northrop Frye and Patanjali.” Nidān: International Journal for Indian Studies 2, no. 1 (July 2017): 34–48. Rpt. with revisions in Denham, Northrop Frye and Others, Volume III, Interpenetrating Visions, 15–27. An exploration of the relationship between Frye and Patanjali. Seeks to answer the question, what did Frye learn from Patinjali’s Yoga-Sutras? –  “Northrop Frye and Paul Tillich.” In Szólitó szavak: The Power of Words, ed. Sára Tóth et al. Budapest: Károli Gáspar Református Egyetem / L’Harmattan Kiadó, 2015. 243–52. Rpt. with revisions in Denham, Northrop Frye and Others: Twelve Writers Who Helped Shape His Thinking, 223–35. Examines the relationship between Frye and Tillich—their conception of “concern,” their views on system and fragmentation, and their Protestantism. –  “Northrop Frye and Rhetorical Criticism.” Xavier University Studies 11 (Spring 1972): 1–11. Rpt. in Denham, Essays on Northrop Frye, 143–55. An analysis of Frye’s ideas about the relationship between rhetoric and literary theory. Examines the meaning and function of the chief categories in the Fourth Essay of Anatomy of Criticism—Frye’s Theory of Genres—and shows the

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relations that obtain between the principles of Frye’s poetics and his theory of rhetoric. –  “Northrop Frye and R.S. Crane.” University of Toronto Quarterly 86, no. 1 (Winter 2017): 14–36. Rpt. with revisions in Northrop Frye and Others, Volume III, Interpenetrating Visions, 223–35. This essay explores the relationship between Frye and Crane, a connection resulting from their several contacts with each other in the 1950s, before the publication of Anatomy of Criticism. Frye was influenced by the Neo-Aristotelian Crane, sometimes obliquely, and Crane was aware of the theoretical power of Frye as it had begun to emerge from four essays he had published in the Kenyon Review and the University of Toronto Quarterly. The essay looks at what resulted from these two critics having rubbed up against each other. –  “Northrop Frye and Wayne Booth: (New) Ideologies and (Old) Traditions.” Perspectives 20 (Spring 1990): 32–41. On Frye’s ideas about liberal education. –  “Northrop Frye: Letters and Notebooks, a Selection.” Shenandoah 44, no. 3 (Fall 1994): 26–53. –  “Northrop Frye, M.H. Abrams, John Keats, and the Coordinates of Art Criticism Theories.” Hamilton Arts and Letters 8, no. 1 (2015). http://samizdatpress.typepad.com/ hal_magazine_issue_eight1/hal-magazine-issue-eight1cover-index.html/. Addresses the question of whether it is possible to place Frye’s criticism in one or more of the four coordinates proposed by M.H. Abrams for “placing” literary critics. Concludes that Frye is both an affective or rhetorical critic and a formal or objective one. –  “Northrop Frye’s Books.” In Lee and Denham, Legacy, 339–53. A list of the editions and translations of Frye’s books through the early 1990s. –  “Northrop Frye’s ‘Kook Books’ and the Esoteric Tradition.” In Donaldson and Mendelson, Frye and the Word, 329–56. Rpt. in Denham, Essays on Northrop Frye, 71–97. On Frye’s wide reading in the esoteric tradition as revealed especially in his notebooks. –  “Northrop Frye’s Shakespearean Criticism.” In Aithal, The Importance of Northrop Frye, 1–18. Rpt. in Denham, Essays on Northrop Frye, 251–67. Notes the ways Frye’s criticism of Shakespeare’s comedies and romances fits into his general poetics and looks at the influence that his criticism of these plays has had in Shakespeare studies. –  “Pity the Northrop Frye Scholar? Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism: Fifty Years After.” In Visiones para una poetica: En el cincuentenario de “Anatomy of Criticism” de Northrop Frye. Rilce: Revista del Instituto de Lengua

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y Cultura Españolas 25, no. 1 (2009). 8–28. A slightly different version of this paper appears in Rampton, Northrop Frye, 16–35. Rpt. in Denham, Essays on Northrop Frye, 223–39. On the kinds of evidence one can use to judge the frequent dismissals of Frye. –  “Preface.” In Nousil Fulai Wenlun Xuanji. ed. Wu Chizhe. Beijing: China Press of Social Sciences, 1997. In Chinese. –  “‘Prefatory Note’ to Frye’s ‘Reconsidering Levels of Meaning.’” Christianity and Literature 54, no. 3 (Spring 2005). 297–8. –  “Reading Northrop Frye Reading François Rabelais.” Canadian Review of Comparative Literature/ Revue Canadienne de Littérature Comparée 43, no. 2 (June 2016): 203–21. Rpt. in Denham, Northrop Frye and Others, Volume II: The Order of Words, 41–50. A study of the connections between Frye and Rabelais, about whom Frye says, “I’ve picked up my copies of Rabelais again, as I always do when I get to thinking about a book on the verbal universe. Rabelais is probably the writer who most clearly grasped all the dimensions of language and verbal communication.” –  “The Religious Base of Northrop Frye’s Criticism.” Christianity and Literature 42 (Spring 1992): 241–54. Rpt. in Denham, Essays on Northrop Frye, 17–31. Examines the movement in Frye’s criticism towards a theology of immanence, on the one hand, and a theology of transcendence on the other. These two movements come together in Frye’s understanding of identity, the theological analogy of which is the Incarnation. –  “The Richard Outram/Northrop Frye Connection.” In Richard Outram: Essays on His Works, ed. Ingrid Ruthig. Toronto: Guernica Editions, 2009. 37–52. On Frye’s influence on the poet Richard Outram. –  “Science, Criticism, and Frye’s Metaphysical Universe.” South Carolina Review 7 (April 1975): 3–18. On the two meanings of the word “scientific” in Frye’s work. Argues that his grand critical framework is more like a metaphysical than a scientific theory. –  “‘Service Is Also Praise’: Recognition in Robert Morgan’s The Truest Pleasure.” Southern Quarterly 47, no. 3 (Spring 2010): 129–41. Uses Frye’s conception of anagnorisis (recognition, discovery), drawn from Aristotle, in a commentary on Morgan’s novel. –  “Thou Art That: Woollylamb Hormone, Northcote Fricassee, and Chap Named Denim.” Pembroke Magazine 37 (2005): 39–51. Satiric correspondence with William Harmon, beginning with an account of Harmon’s spoof on Anatomy of Criticism. A

good measure of high jinks on both sides of the correspondence. –  “‘Vision’ as a Key Term in Frye’s Criticism.” University of Toronto Quarterly 73, no. 3 (Summer 2004): 807–46. Rpt. in Denham, Essays on Northrop Frye, 99–139. On the various meanings that attach themselves to Frye’s use of the word “vision.” –  ed. Northrop Frye Newsletter 1, no. 1 (Fall 1988) through 10 (2004). Various stories, notices, bibliographic supplements, and brief articles: “Convegno Internazionale,” “Frye at the MLA Convention,” “Northrop Frye Centre,” “Superlatives,” “Making Literature out of Frye,” “Metaphorical Manna,” “Frygian Tropes from Here and There” (1, no. 1), “PhD Theses Supervised by Frye,” “Frye and the Citation Indexes,” “Frye and the Comix” (1, no. 2), “Frye Opens Embassy Lecture Series,” “Frye Collection at Victoria University,” “Frye Centre,” “Honorary Degrees,” “Making Literature Out of Frye,” “Frye and Barbecue,” “Frygiana from Here and There” (2, no. 1), “Anatomizing Frye,” “Nom de Plume,” “Indexes to Frye’s Books” (2, no. 2), “Northrop Frye Centre,” “New Books,” “Frye and the Comix: II,” “The Mondello Prize” (3, no. 1), “Requiescat in Pace,” “Frye Conference,” “Frye and Eighteenth-Century Studies” (3, no. 2), “Vic Report: Special Issue,” “Frye and Literary Theory,” “Frye Papers,” “Toronto Conference: The Legacy of Northrop Frye,” “Outram’s ‘In Memory of Northrop Frye,” “Northrop Frye Festival” (4, no. 1), “Frye Correspondence,” “Northrop Frye and English Studies,” “Daniells’ Poem,” “Charles the Thoid” (4, no. 2), “The Legacy of Northrop Frye,” “Frye Conference in Korea,” “Norrie Stories,” “Frye Medal” (5, no. 1), “Frye in Australia,” “Frye in China,” “Three Special Issues of Journals Devoted to Frye” (6, no. 1), “Conference on ‘Frye and the Word,’” “Frye among the Most Famous Canadians: Maclean’s Cover Story,” “Frye Conference in China,” “A Page from The New Defenders Comics (July 1984)” (8, no. 1), “Northrop Frye and the Afterlife of the Word” (9, no. 2), “The Final Issue,” “Frygiana from Here and There” (10, no. 1). Denham, Robert D., and Thomas Willard, eds. Visionary Poetics: Essays on Northrop Frye’s Criticism. New York: Peter Lang, 1991. Essays by Frye, Thomas Willard, David Staines, Imre Salusinszky, Robert D. Denham, Hayden White, Patricia Parker, and Paul Hernadi, arising from two sessions devoted to Frye at the 1987 convention of the Modern Language Association in San Francisco. Denniston, Constance. “The American Romance Parody: A Study of Purdy’s Malcolm and Heller’s Catch-22.” Emporia State Research Studies 14 (December 1965):

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

42–59, 63–4. Sees both works as examples of romance parody in Frye’s sense. Denny, Christopher D. “Revisiting Dante’s Promised End: Eschatological Implications of Péguy’s Jeanne d’Arc Mysteries.” Christianity and Literature 62, no. 4 (Summer 2013): 533–63. Uses the phrase ‘imagined world’ in Frye’s sense. “The imagined world is for Frye a literary ending that provides structure for the plot that precedes it. In the context of the Commedia, the revelations the narrator receives in the course of his otherworldly journey provide the lens through which all historical events on earth are interpreted. In Christian tradition apocalyptic versions of paradise, from the Book of Revelation onwards, function in this way as the final significance of events in the earthly is revealed through eschatological visions.” Dent, Chris. “A Regulatory Perspective on the Interests and Motivators of Creative Individuals.” Asia Pacific Media Educator 23, no. 2 (2013): 261–76. “. . . There are concerns over the test of originality. One commentator, quoting Northrop Frye, suggests that ‘all literature is conventional,’ but in our day the conventionality of literature is ‘elaborately disguised by a law of copyright pretending that every work of art is an invention distinctive enough to be patented.’” Deshaye, Joel. “Canada.” Journal of Commonwealth Literature 51, no. 4 (2016): 535. In his introduction to the annual survey of Canadian literary studies, notes Margery Fee’s critique of Frye’s “nationalism and the ‘dominant discourse’ it effected, one of imperialistic thinking grounded partly on Romantic notions of the sublime wilderness and partly on the actual ground of land never conceived, by settler colonists, as ownable by ‘Indians.’” –  “The Medium Is the Message Is the Metaphor: Cool Reason and the Young Intellectual Public of Marshall McLuhan.” Canadian Journal of Communication 44, no. 1 (2019): 49–68. On the views of metaphor of Frye and Marshall McLuhan and on B.P. Powe’s account of the differences between Frye and McLuhan. –  “Parading the Underworld of New Orleans in Ondaatje’s Coming through Slaughter.” American Review of Canadian Studies 38, no. 4 (2008): 473–94. Thinks that Frye might have explained the riddle in Ondaatje’s novel as the effect of geography on identity. Also says, “The novel’s geographic emphasis also obliquely raised Frye’s famous question ‘Where is here?’” de Sherbinin, Julie W. Chekhov and Russian Religious Culture: The Poetics of the Marian Paradigm. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1997. “Northrop

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Frye quotes Blake’s definition of the Old and New Testaments as the ‘Great Code of Art,’ understanding this to mean that the Bible in Western cultures has generated a mythological universe of assumptions unconsciously embraced. ‘Practically all we can see of this body of concerns is socially conditioned and culturally inherited,’ writes Frye. Chekhov moves along those tracks in ‘My Life.’” de Souza, Vitor Chaves. “A narrativa que constitui mundos: A literatura de Mircea Eliade” [The Narrative that Constitutes Worlds: The Literature of Mircea Eliade]. Horizonte 10, no. 25 (January–March 2012): 255–67. In Romanian. Contrasts Eliade and Frye. For Frye literature refers only to the imaginary, but for Eliade literature modifies the being of the individual. His literary works demonstrated his ontological concern about the condition of the human being who seeks the transcendent. Deveau, Leo J. “This Week in Nova Scotia History, Dec. 17–23.” Chronicle–Herald [Halifax, NS] (17 December 2018): Provincial D3. “Thomas McCulloch (1776–1843) began his first series of satirical Letters of Mephibosheth Stepsure (16 published anonymously) in the Acadian Recorder (1821–22). He presented his observations of Nova Scotian life through the eyes of a self-righteous narrator. Northrop Frye saw McCulloch as “the founder of genuine Canadian humor,” based on an understanding of cultural context and on the distinction between what is past and what is permanent. McCulloch wrote: “I was neither a great man nor a great man’s son: I was Mephibosheth Stepsure, whose highest ambition was to be a plain, decent farmer.” In 1838, McCulloch became the first president of Dalhousie University. Devereux, Cecily. “The Search for a Livable Past: Frye, Crawford, and the Healing Link.” In Early Canada: Reading the Political in Literary and Cultural Production, ed. Jennifer Blair et al. Edmonton, AB: University of Alberta Press, 2005. 281–300. Quotes Frye throughout on mythopoeia, the pastoral, the identification of subject and object in poetry, etc. De Villiers, Pieter G.R. “Beauty in the Book of Revelation: On Biblical Spirituality and Aesthetics.” Spiritus 19, no. 1 (Spring 2019): 1–20. Along with theologian David Tracy, notes that religious language deals with “enigma and mystery and should not be read literally.” de Villiers, Rick. “A Defense of Wretchedness: Molloy and Humiliation.” Journal of Modern Literature 42, no. 4 (Summer 2019): 93–110. “The 1959 publication was titled Three Novels and not ‘Trilogy’—not, at least, until the Picador reprint of 1975 yoked the works together

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under the title, The Beckett Trilogy. But to lay the blame solely at Calder’s feet is to overlook that Molloy, Malone Dies, and The Unnamable are generally regarded as having more in common than just a single binding. Use of the term ‘trilogy’ is pervasive in Beckett studies. V.S. Pritchett—one of Three Novels’ earliest reviewers— referred to the book as a ‘Trilogy’ in the opening sentence of his review. Since then, critics as eminent as Hugh Kenner, Northrop Frye, and Harold Bloom have all applied it to these postwar novels.” De Waal, Marguerite. “The Poetry of Dream and the Threat of Barrenness in Three Sonnets by John Keats.” English Academy Review 33, no. 1 (January 2016): 72–86. Dharwadker, Vinay. “Some Contexts of Modern Indian Poetry.” Chicago Review 38, nos. 1–2 (1992): 218–31. “The poetic or literary rejection of the past on the way to modernity merges frequently with a violent political rejection of the presence of the past because poems do not stand merely in ‘a potential relation to reality’—as Northrop Frye claimed they did, nearly four decades ago—but, even Jorge Luis Borges conceded, actually belong to and participate in the business of the world.” Di, Naihai. “The Impact of Harold Bloom’s Theory of Misreading.” Contemporary Foreign Literature 2 (2012). In Chinese. Bloom’s idea of misreading as going beyond the theory of his critical father, Northrop Frye. Diamant, Cristina. “Stranger(s’) Voices at Home: The Many Faces of Cillian Murphy as the Misfit.” Caietele Echinox 32 (2017): 292–302. In a discussion of three plays by Cillan Murphy, calls on Frye’s theory of romance. “The role of one’s love life in constructing identity is not presented in the almost cookie-cutter manner of romantic comedies, but provides the viewer with an idiosyncratic sensibility. The ‘classic’ type of imagery associated by Northrop Frye with the mythos of romance, namely ‘spring, dawn, order, fertility, vigour and youth’ are immediately apparent in the vibrant colour scheme and visibly constructed symmetry of Disco Pigs and the flamboyancy of Breakfast on Pluto— both narratives starting with a retrospective view.” Diaz-Maldonado, R. “Dialectics and Typology: Narrative Structure in Hegel and Collingwood.” Collingwood and British Idealism Studies 22, no. 1 (January 2016): 113– 38. “The aim of this paper is to describe the similarities and differences between the historical narratives of Hegel and Collingwood. The central hypothesis is that the dialectical thinking, present in Hegel’s Philosophy of History and in Collingwood’s Speculum Mentis, produces narrative representations which

have a specifically typological character. Following Northrop Frye, typology is understood here as a mode of language usage which involves a theory of historical process. Despite the differences, this theory of historical process works as an absolute presupposition in both philosophers, and can be traced down to the core of Collingwood’s philosophical method. Consequently, after a short introduction, this paper presents the main features of Frye’s notion of typology. Next, in the two following sections, the typological configuration of both philosophies is presented, stressing the structural (narrative) similarities between them.” Dick, Alexander. “Frye, Derrida, and the University (to Come).” In Educating the Imagination: Northrop Frye Past, Present, and Future, ed. Alan Bewell, Neil Ten Kortenaar, and Germaine Warkentin. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2015. 114–31. Frye’s views about “literature’s capacity to liberate were tested during the student movement of the 1960s, which led him to reflect in new ways . . . on the relationship between the university, education, and the myths of ‘concern’ and ‘freedom.’ Argues that Frye’s post-1968 thoughts on the university bear many important similarities to Jacques Derrida’s concept of the ‘university without condition.’” (editors’ abstract) Dick, Lyle. “CHR Forum: ‘A New History for a New Millennium’: Canada: A People’s History.” Canadian Historical Review 85, no. 1 (March 2004). Applies Frye’s narrative theories to the CBC series “Canada: A People’s History.” Dick, Michael. “Tales of Two Cities (in the SecondCentury BCE): Jerusalem and Nineveh.” Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha 26, no. 1 (2016): 32–48. Agrees with J.R.C. Cousland that the Book of Tobit is comic in Frye’s sense of following a U-shaped pattern of imprisonment and release. Dickins, Robert. “William Blake and Liminography” (27 October 2019). http://zoamorphosis.com/2019/10/ william-blake-and-liminography/. Zoamorphosis | The Blake 2.0 Blog: William Blake in Art, Music, Film, and Literature. “The Canadian literary critic Northrop Frye claimed in 1951 that among the most ‘foolish’ ideas that had emerged about the visionary poet and artist William Blake, ‘The notion that he was an automatic writer is perhaps the most absurd.’ This imposition resulted, he argued, from literary students reading Blake’s words stripped from their original home, shorn of their artistic grounding. The dynamic between word and image, Frye believed, told a greater story, one closer to the intention of their creator.”

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Dickinson, Mark. ‘“Earth, You Almost Enough’: The Poetry and Poetics of Dennis Lee.” ISLE: Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment 25, no. 2 (1 September 2018): 363–76. Notes that as editor-in-chief of House of Anansi Press (1967–72), Lee guided to publication some of the foundational texts of Canadian environmental literature, including Frye’s The Bush Garden. Dickstein, Morris. “The Critic as Sage: Northrop Frye.” Double Agent: The Critic and Society. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. Diehl, Nicholas. “Satire, Analogy, and Moral Philosophy.” Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 71, no. 4 (2013): 311–21. “There are certain features that are at least so common in works of satire as to occupy a central place in discussions of the mode. Two things, according to Northrop Frye, are essential to satire: ‘One is wit or humor founded on fantasy or a sense of the grotesque or absurd, the other is an object of attack.’ Around these two essentials literary theorists of the 1950s and 1960s developed a somewhat more involved account of satire.” Frye belongs to the old theoretical consensus that sees satire as ‘intimately connected to the real world in a way and to a degree that most fictions are not. Satires are works of fiction, but they are also veiled commentary on some aspect of the real world: satires satirize realworld targets.’” Di Giuseppe, Rita. “‘Tutto fa brodo’ [Anything Goes]: Bellow’s Herzog and Meaning In-the-Making.” Quaderni di Lingue e Letterature 13 (1988): 49–70 [56– 9]. On the elements of the anatomy form of prose fiction in Bellow’s Herzog. Di Guiseppe maintains, however, that all forms of prose fiction, as defined by Frye, are present in Herzog: it includes the novel, confession, and romance. Di Leo, Jeffrey R. Review of Possessed by Memory: The Inward Light of Criticism, by Harold Bloom. Symploke 27, nos. 1–2 (2019): 321–4. “Bloom comments in his ‘Preface’ that the book ‘is not intended to be a lamentation for my own generation of critics and poets,’ but rather ‘a living tribute to their afterlife in their writings.’ The ‘friends’ include ‘John Ashbery, A.R. Ammons, Mark Strand, Alvin Feinman, Richard Rorty, Geoffrey Hartman, Angus Fletcher, and John Hollander’; the ‘mentors’ include M.H. Abrams, Frederick Pottle, Gershom Scholem, Hans Jonas, and Kenneth Burke; and the acquaintances include ‘Frank Kermode, Anthony Burgess, A.D. Nuttall, Northrop Frye.’” Dillon, David A. “Literature, Language and Learning: Purposes and Importance of Literature in Education.”

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Language Arts 57 (February–April 1980): 199–206. Interview with Frye on the purposes and importance of literary education. Dillon, George L. “Rhetoric.” In The Johns Hopkins Guide to Literary Theory & Criticism, ed. Michael Groden and Martin Kreiswirth. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994. 616–17. Summarizes Frye’s theory of rhetoric, along with the theories of I.A. Richards and Paul de Man. Dimos, George. From the Aristotelian “Mimesis” to the Contemporary One: The Transformation of the Platonic Concept of Mimesis into a Theory of Literature by Aristotle. Munich: Grin Verlag, Open Publishing GmbH, 1990. Chapter 6 is devoted to Frye’s idea of mimesis alongside the views of the members of the Chicago school of critics. Dincă, Daniel. “Dorin tudoran—pe lungul drum al întoarcerii “acasă” [Dorin Tudoran—on His “The Long Way Back Home”]. Studii și cercetări științifice: Seria filologie 42 (2019): 45–56. In Romanian. DiPietro, Cary. “Introduction: Shakespeare’s Intentions.” Style 44, no. 3 (Fall 2010): 293–310. A special issue of Style devoted to Shakespeare and intention. Edward Pechter’s essay, “Making Love to Our Employment,” begins with epigraphs from Frye and Jonathan Culler. “Frye serves as a representative of a literary kind of criticism: ‘Understanding a poem,’ argues Frye, ‘begins in a complete surrender . . . to the impact of the work as a whole, and proceeds through the effort to unite the symbols toward a simultaneous perception of the unity of the structure.’ Frye’s criticism thus proceeds from an assumption about the wholeness or unity of the work, and even though Frye avers in parentheses that this is the ‘logical sequence’ and that he has no idea or interest in ‘what the psychological sequence is, or whether there is a sequence,’ nevertheless, his understanding requires the assumption of the wholeness of intention behind the work. Clearly concerned to avoid the intentional fallacy of Wimsatt and Beardsley, Frye’s is nevertheless an author-based literary analysis.” Dirda, Michael. “Five Classics of Literary Theory.” Washington Post Book World (22 July 1990): X5. The five books, briefly described, are Frye’s Anatomy (“If God were to compose a survey of world literature, it might resemble this book—but probably wouldn’t be half as good”), Empson’s Seven Types of Ambiguity, Sartre’s What Is Literature? Auerbach’s Mimesis, and Bloom’s The Anxiety of Influence. –  An Open Book: Coming of Age in the Heartland. New York: Norton, 2003. Contains scattered references to

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Frye’s view of liberal education and his macroscopic perspective on literature. –  “Understanding Criticism.” Washington Post (20 March 1994). Notes that the major twentieth-century critics were also poets, novelists, political agitators, or magazine editors, with two exceptions: Frye and F.R. Leavis. [Frye happened to be the editor of the Canadian Forum, and he was a novelist, though a failed one.] Divjak, Alenka. “Otrostvo in mladostniski podvigi kot osrednja tema v Kralju Hornu in Haveloku Danskem, romancah izgnanstva in povratka” [Childhood and Adolescent Exploits as a Central Theme in King Horn and Havelock the Dane, Romances of Exile and Return]. Primerjalna Knjizevnost 37, no. 1 (2014): 61–85. In Slovenian. On the quest theme (journey of the hero) in Middle English romances, as these stories follow the arc of romance as Frye has described it in The Secular Scripture. Djamàa, Sara. “Reading the Book versus ‘Reading’ the Film: Cinematic Adaptations of Literature as Catalyst for EFL Students’ Critical Thinking Dispositions.” Journal of Language Teaching and Research 7, no. 2 (March 2016): 252–63. “Besides the broadest anatomy of literature into prose, poetry, and drama, the discussion of literary genres was conducted following the primary universal generic taxonomy suggested by the literary critic Northrop Frye. This encompassed comedy, with sentimental comedy as one subgenre; tragedy, with melodrama as a subgenre; romance; and satire; in addition to autobiography, myths, lyric fragments, or tragicomedies that were suggested as genres by other literary critics.” Djordjevic, Igor. “‘Goodnight Desdemona (Good Morning Juliet)’: From Shakespearean Tragedy to Postmodern Satyr Play.” Comparative Drama 37, no. 1 (Spring 2003): 89–115. “While there are certain limitations to Frye’s schematic system in dealing with many modern and postmodern works that defy classification into any genre, it is precisely the clear delineation of subcategories and elements within the genres that promotes his theory as the most useful in a study of works that either are based upon a prescriptive view of poetics or are contemporary revisions of such works.” Looks at one such revision, Ann-Marie MacDonald’s play, from the perspective of Frye’s account of the satyr play. Djwa, Sandra. “‘Canadian Angles of Vision’: Northrop Frye, Carl Klinck, and the Literary History of Canada.” In O’Grady and Wang, Northrop Frye, 95–109, and in Wang and O’Grady, New Directions, 95–116. Also in

English Studies in Canada 19 (June 1993): 135–49. On Frye’s significant role in the Literary History of Canada project. –  “The Canadian Forum: Literary Catalyst.” Studies in Canadian Literature 1 (Winter 1976): 1–25 [22–5]. Argues that Frye’s attention to Canadian poetry in the Forum, especially his review essay “Canada and Its Poetry,” provided “the critical framework for much of the present writing and study of Canadian poetry.” –  “Forays in the Bush Garden: Frye and Canadian Poetry.” In Lee and Denham, Legacy, 130–45. Focuses on Frye’s relations with E.J. Pratt. –  “‘Here I am’: Atwood, Paper Houses, and a Parodic Tradition.” Essays on Canadian Writing 71 (Fall 2000): 169–85. Notes several variants in Margaret Atwood’s Surfacing on Frye’s famous question “Where is here,” along with other Frygean allusions and metaphors. –  “The Where of Here: Margaret Atwood and the Canadian Tradition.” In The Art of Margaret Atwood: Essays in Criticism, ed. Arnold E. Davidson and Cathy N. Davidson. Toronto: Anansi, 1981. 15–34 [16–22]. Outlines Frye’s influence on Atwood’s work. Dmitriev, Victor. “φеноменγуманизациимиφа в интеллектуальнойпрозе хх века” [The Phenomenon of the Humanization of Myth in TwentiethCentury Intellectual Prose]. International Journal of Communication Research 9, no. 4 (October–December 2019): 351–3. Review of the monograph by Dr. Hab. J. Cuşnir. “The sixth chapter of the study confirms the author’s hypothesis about the effectiveness of applying the ‘central thesis’ of Northrop Frye to the literary phenomenon of the humanization of the myth in intellectual prose for its comparative analysis. (According to this thesis, mythology is inherited, transmitted, and transformed through literature, and the structures of myth continue to shape the literary structures).” Dobie, Ann B. “Northrop Frye and Mythological Criticism.” In Theory into Practice: An Introduction to Literary Criticism, 3rd ed. Boston, MA: Thompson Heinle, 2012. 66–7. Dobson, Darrell. “Archetypal Criticism.” The Literary Encyclopedia. First published 21 June 2005. https://www. litencyc.com/php/stopics.php?rec=true&UID=1569. “The main proponent of archetypal theory in the twentieth century was C.G. Jung, and the Canadian critic and scholar Northrop Frye utilized archetypal theory in literary criticism, though Frye’s approach differed substantively from Jung’s position. The advent

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of postmodern theory initially dampened the interest and influence of archetypal theory, but in recent years many writers and scholars have responded to the misconceptions and misrepresentations often found in postmodern critiques of archetypal theory. . . . Jung addresses the relevance of archetypal theory in literature and the arts most clearly in The Spirit in Man, Art, and Literature (1966).” –  “Archetypal Literary Theory in the Postmodern Era.” Jung: The E-Journal of the Jungian Society for Scholarly Studies 1, no. 1 (April 2005). http://www. thejungiansociety.org/Jung%20Society/e-journal/ Volume-1/Dobson-2005.html. Aims “to demonstrate that archetypal theory, as articulated by Northrop Frye and Carl Jung, remains a powerful tool in literary criticism.” Finds “much that is compelling in both postmodern and archetypal theory” and uses “archetypal literary theory to posit a solution to a postmodern critique regarding the role of ideology in literary analysis. . . . [T]he means of doing so has suggestive implications for answering critiques of archetypal theory throughout the academy.” Provides a critique of Deanne Bogdan’s feminist reading of Frye. –  “Northrop Frye.” The Literary Encyclopedia (2005). http://www.litencyc.com/php/speople. php?rec=true&UID=1648. An overview of Frye’s achievement. –  “Royal, Warrior, Magician, Lover: Archetypal Reflectivity and the Construction of Professional Knowledge.” Teacher Education Quarterly 36, no. 3 (Summer 2009): 149–65. “There is a similarity between Jung and [George] Lakoff and [Mark] Johnson in their shared assertion of the wide symbolic or metaphorical underpinnings of most and perhaps all thought, belief, and action. This argument is also made by Northrop Frye. However, there is a vital distinction to be drawn here between the work of Lakoff and Johnson (and Frye) and that of Jung. For Lakoff, Johnson, and Frye interaction with metaphors occurs on a fairly conscious, rational, level—by this I mean there is no deliberate acknowledgement of the role of the unconscious mind in the process. Generally, the meaning of the metaphors is understood to be fairly clear. Metaphors used in this way are more like what Jung would call signs. A related but even more significant difference is that for Jung, symbols—and archetypes are symbols—reveal meaning and purpose that guide the increasingly conscious development of personal and professional identity. They are transformative in intent. This element is missing in Lakoff and Johnson and in Frye.”

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Dobson, James E. “Can an Algorithm Be Disturbed? Machine Learning, Intrinsic Criticism, and the Digital Humanities.” College Literature 42, no. 4 (Fall 2015): 543–66. “It was well before our present concern with re-theorizing the surface of the text, prior even to the advent of ‘symptomatic reading,’ that those working within literary studies dreamed of the possibilities of a scientific criticism. Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism, originally published in 1957, serves as one such early work. Frye made the polemical case for a systematic and scientific criticism derived from an inductive reading of literature that could encompass all of literature. He outlines the expansive scope of his approach by creating ‘a theory of criticism’ explicitly modeled after Aristotle ‘whose principles [would] apply to the whole of literature and account for every valid type of critical procedure.’ This approach would work, he argues, because like a scientific investigator, he assumes the existence of an order of nature, an order of meanings that lies behind the enterprise known as literature and exists as a coherent whole. Discovering the laws governing this order becomes the task of the critic. This understanding enables Frye to read widely across numerous literatures, to extract major modes and archetypes, and to produce a categorization of all these into a single organizing schema.” Dobson, Kit. “Experiments in Disaster: Recent Canadian Poetics.” Dalhousie Review 89, no. 1 (2009): 13–23. Dobson compares and contrasts his review of recent Canadian poetry with the similar, decade-long task performed by Frye for the University of Toronto Quarterly. Dobson, Michael, and Stanley Wells, eds. The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2001. Frye’s Shakespearean criticism is referred to a dozen or so times in this volume. See the book’s index. Docherty, Thomas. On Modern Authority: The Theory and Condition of Writing, 1500 to the Present Day. Sussex: Harvester; New York: St. Martin’s, 1987. 91–3, 122–3. In a chapter devoted to a revisionary reading of Shakespeare, finds Frye’s distinction between comic and tragic modes helpful, but he takes issue with Frye’s understanding of the way that the familial, social, and sexual relationships in Shakespeare’s comedies work themselves out. Glances also at Frye’s idea of the “green world” of comedy, which is also said to be present in Shakespeare’s tragedies. Dodd, William. Review of The Cambridge Introduction to Shakespeare’s Comedies, by Penny Gay. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Faced with the

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nightmare prospect of cramming an account of modern comic theory into a couple of pages, Gay understandably confines herself to reviewing the anthropological approaches of Northrop Frye and C.L. Barber. But as she is quick to point out, reading the plays in terms of community rituals of inclusion was problematized by the feminist and new historicist criticism of the 1980s and 1990s that drew attention to elements of rupture and discontinuity in the aesthetic experience, even of the festive comedies. Dodeman, Andre. “Reassessing Genres in Hugh MacLennan’s ‘The Changed Functions of Fiction and Non-Fiction.’” Commonwealth Essays and Studies 32, no. 1 (2009): 23–33. “Takes as a case in point an influential essay by Hugh MacLennan, a contemporary of cultural thinkers Marshall McLuhan and Northrop Frye, who also elaborated theories on national culture, so as to engage with the unstable, even porous boundaries between fiction and non-fiction, as well as the slippery nature of historical discourse caught in the interstices of positivist science and Aristotelian drama.” Doğan, Mehmet H. “Bir Yazin Dali Olarak Eleştiri” [Criticism as a Branch of Writing]. Hece: Aylik Edebiyat Dergisi 7, nos. 77–9 (May–July 2003): 456–7. In Turkish. Doherty, Mike. “How to Understand Hip-Hop Lyrics: Rap Genius Gives the Works of Drake and Jay Z the Northrop Frye Treatment.” Gale’s Global Issues. N.p., n.d. Web (8 December 2014). http://find.galegroup.com/ gic/retrieve.do?sgHitCountType=None&sort=Date Descend&tabID=T003&prodId=GIC&resultListType= RESULT_LIST&searchId=R1&searchType=¤t Position=1&qrySerId=Locale%28en%2C%2C%29% 3AFQE%3D%28KE%2CNone%2C11%29rap+lyrics+% 24&userGroupName=otta7357&inPS=true&docId= A353644698&contentSet=IAC-Documents&docId= A353644698&docType=IAC.

Argues that the trickstergod was a figure that haunted Frye from Fearful Symmetry on. What was originally a negative image is transformed in Frye’s later work to a positive image of the mysterious Other. These alternate visions become contraries in Frye’s dialectic of Word and Spirit. –  “‘Blazing with Artifice’: Light from Northrop Frye’s Notebooks.” University of Toronto Quarterly 81, no. 1 (Winter 2012): 17–28. A critique of those who accuse Frye of being antihistorical, seeing him only as a formalist or structuralist. Understands Frye’s work rather as a dialectic, the opposing categories of which are structure vs. history, synchronic vs. diachronic, product vs. process. Turns to Frye’s notebooks to reflect on the two poles that are a part of Frye’s vision, the structural and the historical. –  “Book of Revelation: A Review-Essay on John Ayre’s Northrop Frye: A Biography.” Northrop Frye Newsletter 2, no. 1 (Winter 1989–90): 12–18. –  “The Book of the Dead: A Skeleton Key to Northrop Frye’s Notebooks.” In Boyd and Salusinszky, Rereading Frye, 19–38. On the meaning of the ogdoad, an eightpart project that began when Frye was a child and gave direction to his life’s work. Deciphers the code of this expansive framework and its various permutations in Frye’s notebooks, including the “Great Doodle.”

Doherty, Paul C. “Hopkins’ ‘Spring and Fall: To a Young Child’.” Victorian Poetry 5 (Summer 1967): 140–3. Sees the poem as exemplifying Frye’s analogies of innocence and experience.

–  “Controversial Aspects of The Great Code.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the South Atlantic Modern Language Association, Atlanta, 10 November 1984. 13 pp. Photoduplicated typescript. Seeks to counter the two principal criticisms of The Great Code (that it is “over-unified and under-historical”) by arguing that the book insists boldly on “the mythical, metaphorical, typological, and kerygmatic transfiguration of language and perception and the illusory nature of most ‘normal’ ego-centered experience.” Believes that most critics of The Great Code have a limited understanding of the way poetic language works and a “natural” understanding of time and history.

Dolan, Neal. “The Feeling Mind: Northrop Frye, Romanticism at Yale, and the Neurobiology of Consciousness.” Paper presented at Educating the Imagination: A Conference in Honour of Northrop Frye on the Centenary of His Birth. University of Toronto, 4–6 October 2013.

–  “Desert Paradise: A Polemical Re-Introduction to Northrop Frye” (2011). Northrop Frye Weblog at McMaster University. https://macblog.mcmaster.ca/ fryeblog/desert-paradise-a-polemical-re-introductionto-northrop-frye/. A searching meditation by Dolzani, our pre-eminent reader of Frye, on his first principles.

Dolzani, Michael. “The Ashes of the Stars: Northrop Frye and the Trickster God.” In Donaldson and Mendelson, Frye and the Word, 312–28, and in Northrop Frye and the Afterlife of the Word, ed. James M. Kee, 59–73.

–  “On Earth as It Is in Heaven: The Problem of Wish Fulfilment in Frye’s Visionary Criticism.” In O’Grady and Wang, Northrop Frye, 54–68, and in Wang and O’Grady, New Directions, 173–97. Focuses on Frye’s

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view of the revelatory or kerygmatic aspects of literature. Argues that Frye studies in the future will come more and more to attend to Frye’s view of levels of consciousness beyond the literary. –  “The Earth’s Imagined Corners: Northrop Frye and Utopia.” In Rampton, Northrop Frye, 183–202. On the persistent theme of utopia in Frye’s writings, relating the theme to various examples in a typology of utopias. –  “From the Defeated: Northrop Frye and the Literary Symbol.” In Educating the Imagination: Northrop Frye Past, Present, and Future, ed. Alan Bewell, Neil Ten Kortenaar, and Germaine Warkentin. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2015. 65–82. Examines the impact of Spengler on Frye, who adopts Spengler’s view of cultural decline. But for Frye we are called on to struggle against this idea of the decline of culture. The creativity of spiritual humanity is our only hope against Spengler’s vision of decline and ultimate defeat. –  “Editor’s Preface” and “Introduction.” In Words with Power: Being a Second Study of the Bible and Literature, ed. Michael Dolzani. Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 26. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2008. vii– xiv, xix–lv. –  “The Infernal Method: Northrop Frye and Contemporary Criticism.” In Centre and Labyrinth: Essays in Honour of Northrop Frye, ed. Eleanor Cook et al. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1983. 59–68. Sees Frye’s fondness for anatomy and satire as performing a subversive or deconstructive role in his criticism, causing him to be sceptical about all intellectual systems. Argues that Frye’s work has the detachment necessary to interpenetrate with other critical perspectives. Frye’s grand vision of the constructive power of the imagination, which allows space for the social context of criticism, liberates him from both subjectivism and formalism. –  “Introduction.” In Northrop Frye’s Fiction and Miscellaneous Writings, ed. with Robert D. Denham. Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 24. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007. xxiii–lviii. –  “Introduction.” In Northrop Frye’s Notebooks on Renaissance Literature, ed. Michael Dolzani. Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 20. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006. xxi–liii. –  “Introduction.” In Northrop Frye’s Notebooks on Romance, ed. Michael Dolzani. Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 15. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2004. xxi–lvi.

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–  “Introduction.” In The “Third Book” Notebooks of Northrop Frye, 1964–1972: The Critical Comedy, ed. Michael Dolzani. Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 9. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2001. xix–lvi. –  “The Ruins of Time: Frye and the City, 1977.” Northrop Frye Newsletter 8, no. 1 (Summer 1999): 1–7. On the theme of Eros restored in Frye’s late work. –  “Structure, Archetypes, and the Order of Words: A Citation Classic Commentary on Anatomy of Criticism.” Current Contents/Arts and Humanities 3 (30 January 1989): 14. The author of this commentary is given as Frye, but Michael Dolzani is actually the author. –  “Wrestling with Powers: The Social Thought of Frye.” In Lee and Denham, Legacy, 97–102. On Frye’s conception of the order of words and its relation to his social vision. –  “The View from the Northern Farm: Northrop Frye and Nature.” In Verticals of Frye/Les Verticales des Frye, ed. Ed Lemond. Moncton, NB: Elbow Press, 2005. 48–58. –  et al. “The Ideas of Northrop Frye.” Northrop Frye Newsletter 3, no. 2 (Spring 1991): 5–16. Part 2 of a threepart CBC program entitled “The Ideas of Northrop Frye”; most of the transcription is devoted to David Cayley’s interview with Frye. Domenichelli, Mario. “Il mito di Frye.” In Canada: L’immaginazione letteraria, ed. Alfredo Rizzardi. Abano Terme: Piova Editore, 1981. Domestico, Anthony. Review of Realistic Radicals Utopia, Limited Romanticism and Adjustment, by Anahid Nersessian. Commonweal 142, no. 20 (18 December 2015): 28–30. “Nersessian argues that, partly because the Romantics lived through the excesses and disappointments of the French Revolution, they had a very particular and, to our minds at least, peculiar sense of utopia. They did not imagine it would arrive through the violent destruction of all that is and the creation of a new and better world. Rather, it would arrive—if it ever did arrive—through what Nersessian, borrowing from the critic Northrop Frye, calls ‘adjustment’: ‘a formal as well as an ethical operation that allows human beings to accommodate themselves to the world by minimizing the demands they place upon it.’” Domínguez, Pilar Cuder. “Romance in A.S. Byatt’s Possession.” Revista Alicantina de Estudios Ingleses 8 (1995): 79–89. Argues that on one level Byatt’s novel is a conventional romance that incorporates the mythic quest pattern and fictional archetypes described by Campbell, Propp, and Frye.

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Dommergues, Pierre. “Northrop Frye et la critique américaine.” Le Monde (Supplement to no. 7086) (25 October 1967): iv–v. Places Frye against the background of the several strands of the New Criticism (Ransom, Tate, Warren, Empson, Crane, Wimsatt, and Burke). Says that in view of the multiplicity of today’s individual approaches and critical coteries, Frye is to be especially credited with having aimed at a detached, “scientific” synthesis. Also calls attention to some of Frye’s “disciples”: Ihab Hassan, Harold Bloom, Hazard Adams, and Angus Fletcher. Donald, Merlin. “Northrop Frye and Theories of Human Nature.” University of Toronto Quarterly 81, no. 1 (Winter 2012): 29–36. “Frye sought out the laws governing the rise and fall of cultural ideas, bringing the attitude of a system-builder to his research. As he pointed out on many occasions, psychologists and anthropologists, such as Jung and Frazer, were addressing some of the same questions, albeit with a different set of tools. However, their ultimate goal— gaining a wider view of how cultures and creative minds intermeshed— was the same as his. I was greatly moved by Frye’s grand vision, which influenced my choice of the word ‘mimesis’ as a label for the ancient cognitive adaptation that defined the underlying logic of the human mind. Mimesis established the cognitive foundation upon which the evolution of language and symbolic thought became possible. The analogue logic of mimetic representation is still the underlying currency of symbolic exchange, as it seamlessly connects gesture and ritual with everyday speech, narrative, and text.” (author’s abstract) –  “Una aproximación evolutiva: Consecuencias del studio de la época axial” [An Evolutionary Approach: Consequences of the Study of the Axial Era]. In La creatividad social: Narrativas de un concepto actual, ed. Celso Sánchez Capdequí. Madrid: Centro del Investigaciones Sociológicus, 2017. 47–72. In Spanish. “One of my earliest heroes was the excellent literary theorist Northrop Frye.” What follows from this opening sentence is an argument quite similar to that of the preceding entry. Donaldson, Eileen. ‘Cosmogynesis: The Female Hero in Tanith Lee’s The Winter Players.’ Literator 38, no. 1 (2017): 1–10. “In his seminal Anatomy of Criticism, Northrop Frye proposes a classification of various hero types that appear in romance, myth and tragedy: all are men. In his study of The Iliad, James Redfield discusses the origin of the term ‘hero,’ which applies solely to warriors who are ‘men of clarity and purity.’ For these scholars, the hero is male and champions an ethic of

noble masculinity; the female hero is either invisible or a glitch.” Donaldson, Jeffery. “An Access of Power: Job, Evolution and the Spirit of Consciousness in Northrop Frye and Daniel C. Dennett.” In Rampton, Northrop Frye, 316– 37. Compares Frye’s commentary on the Book of Job to Daniel Dennett’s view of consciousness. –  “Environmental Returns: Northrop Frye’s Axis Mundi Re-oriented.” Hamilton Arts and Letters 8, no. 2 (2015–16). http://samizdatpress.typepad.com/ hal_magazine_issue_eight2/environmental-returnsnorthrop-fryes-axis-mundi-re-oriented-by-jefferydonaldson-1.html. –  Missing Link: The Evolution of Metaphor and the Metaphor of Evolution. Montreal and Kingston: McGillQueen’s University Press, 2015. “In his theory of the Four Variations in Words with Power, Northrop Frye shows how this vertical metaphor is to a large extent culturally relative and that major shifts have occurred through our history in how we perceive the well springs of creative activity.” Notes Frye’s distinction between the spatial orientation of the pre-Romantic and the Romantic cosmologies, the latter of which turns the worldview associated with “up” and “down” on its head. Also examines the difference between what Frye calls “explicit” and “implicit” metaphor. The presence of Frye hovers over the entire book. –  “Poetry.” University of Toronto Quarterly 74, no.1 (2004/2005): 200–50. Uses Frye’s four thematic variations from Words with Power—the Mountain, the Garden, the Cave, and the Furnace—to organize his reviews of Canadian poetry for the year. Donaldson, Jeffery, and Alan Mendelson, eds. Frye and the Word: Religious Contexts in the Writings of Northrop Frye. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2003. A collection of twenty essays, originating from a conference at McMaster University: Frye and the Word: Religious Contexts in the Criticism of Northrop Frye, May 2000. Donoghue, Denis. “Kenneth Burke’s Dangling Novel.” Encounter 29 (October 1967): 78–84. Sees Burke’s Towards a Better Life not as a novel but as an anatomy in Frye’s sense. –  “The Motive for Metaphor.” Hudson Review 65, no. 4 (Winter 2013): 543–61. Begins his lengthy account of Wallace Stevens on metaphor by juxtaposing Frye’s reading of Stevens’ poem The Motive for Metaphor with that of John Crowe Ransom. “It is not necessary to make peace between these two readers, beyond saying

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that Frye takes the X to be the objective world set over against us and Ransom takes it to be one of our own moral Universals, resolutely harsh until it finds itself agreeably fulfilled in the concrete detail of a natural or a human world. Metaphor is the prime means of the satisfaction that Frye envisages, and perhaps Ransom would find it so, too, though he does not mention it.” Doney, Lewis. “The Degraded Emperor: Theoretical Reflections on the Upstaging of a Bodhisattva King.” Revue d’Etudes Tibétaines, no. 49 (May 2019): 13–66. Notes Frye’s account of the comic genre. Doran, Robert M. Theological Foundations, Volume 1. Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 1995. Draws throughout on Frye’s distinction between archetypal and anagogic meaning. –  “The Work of Hayden White I: Mimesis, Figuration and the Writing of History.” In The SAGE Handbook of Historical Theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2012. “It would of course be impossible to discuss historical theory without examining a thinker who, more than any other, has placed theoretical questions at the forefront of debates surrounding history and historiography over a 50-year career.” Dorfman, Ben. “Are Human Rights a Philosophy of History? The Case for the Defense.” International Social Science Review 89, no. 1 (2014): 1–35. “In Metahistory, Hayden White lays out a range of modes through which history and speculative philosophy of history play out. . . . One can explain history via classic approaches to literary emplotment. White points to Northrop Frye’s 1957 Anatomy of Criticism to outline three options. Most emplotment, White argues, boils down to romance, tragedy, comedy or satire. Romance is the emergent hero transcending evil—he or she who claims virtue over vice and wins the day. Romance is ‘the sort of drama associated with the Grail legend.’ Romantic history is humanity triumphant; Christ resurrected. The Romantic sees liberation from imprisonment. These are concepts important to human rights.” Döring, Wolfgang. “G.E. Lessings Lustspiel Der junge Gelehrte: Eine typologische Betrachtung auf dem Hintergrund der Komödientheorie Northrop Fryes” [G.E. Lessings Lustspiel Der junge Gelehrte: A Typological View in the Background of Northrop Frye’s Theory of Comedy]. New German Review 4 (1988): 27–40. In German. A study of Lessing’s play from the point of view of the theory of comedy that Frye develops in the Third Essay of the Anatomy. Dorion-Soulié, Manuel. “Le Canada et le monde vus de l’Ouest: La politique étrangère de David Bercuson

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et Barry Cooper” [Canada and the World from the West: David Bercuson and Barry Cooper’s Foreign Policy]. Canadian Journal of Political Science 46, no. 3 (September 2013): 645–64. In French. “Drawing on the literary critic Northrop Frye, our authors [David Bercuson and Barry Cooper] distinguish between identity and unity: identity would be cultural, and therefore regional or local, and unity would be political, and therefore likely to be national. Thus, politics must never try to meddle with the cultural: in Canada, the goal of the federal government can only be to promote national unity, not a Canadian identity.” Dossetto, Fiorenza. “My Mother’s Lesbian Jewish Wiccan Wedding: Writing Canada for an American Theatre Audience.” British Journal of Canadian Studies 26, no. 2 (2013): 235–51. “After a successful season in Toronto, the Canadian musical My Mother’s Lesbian Jewish Wiccan Wedding was invited to travel south of the border for a production at the 2010 New York Musical Festival. Having realised prospective US-based audiences could be unfamiliar with the many Canadian elements of the narrative, playwrights David Hein and Irene Carl Sankoff embarked on an extensive process of rewriting. This article considers the (re-)presentation of and introduction to Canada the amended script offers to a non-Canadian audience. Shifting implicitly from Frye’s ‘Where is here?’ question to a ‘What is here?’ musing, I consider the change in geographical setting, the elimination and/or alteration of topical Canadian references, and the introduction of what I term ‘reminders of Canadianness,’ as I argue that the musical offers a significant opportunity to renegotiate the relationship between Canada and the US.” Doss-Quinby, Eglal. American Classics: A Personal Essay. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005. 78, 88–9, 90, 151, 152. Draws on Frye for his readings of Moby Dick and Walden. D’Ottavi, Stefania. “Frye e Blake.” In Lombardo, Ritratto, 217–24. In Italian. On the centrality of Blake for Frye’s theories of archetypes, symbols, and images and for his interest in “systems.” Doty, William G. “Northrop Frye’s Myth.” Mythography: A Study of Myths and Rituals. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1986. 179–81. Briefly summarizes Frye’s view of myth and his typology of the four pregeneric phases of literature. Believes that taxonomic frameworks, such as Frye’s, provide a good beginning point for literary criticism and a possible way “of explicating the interrelations of our literary traditions,” so long as they are not taken as exhausting the meaning of a work.

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Doughty, Howard A. Review of Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress, by Steven Pinker. The Innovation Journal 24, no. 1 (2019): 1–9. “Over the past century or so, however, Canada has churned out an increasingly large number of celebrity artists and intellectuals. Its most prominent ‘thinkers’ range all the way from the pioneering political economist Harold Adams Innis (1894–1952), Kennedy-era liberal icon John Kenneth Galbraith (1908–2006), media guru Marshall McLuhan (1911–1980), literary theorist Northrop Frye (1912– 1991), novelists Robertson Davies (1913–1995) and Margaret Atwood (b. 1939) and philosophers George Grant (1918–1988) and Charles Taylor (b. 1931), and songwriterpoet Leonard Cohen (1934–2016) all the way to contemporary, successfully self-promoting, rightwing media sensation Jordan Peterson (b. 1962)—he of the passion for celebrating our ‘inner lobsters’—and Harvard University cognitive psychologist, linguist and popular science writer Steven Pinker (b. 1954).” Douglas, Christopher. “This Is The Shack That Job Built: Theodicy and Polytheism in William Paul Young’s Evangelical Best Seller.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 88, no. 2 (June 2020): 505–42. Douglas, Crerar. Positive Negatives: A Motif in Christian Tradition. New York: Peter Lang, 1992. Chapter 3 draws on Frye’s work in the context of the Luther/Calvin debate and opposition between the tragic and comic visions. Also glances at Frye’s The Critical Path. –  “A Theological Problem in Northrop Frye’s Analysis of The Winter’s Tale.” Christianity & Literature 24 (Winter 1975): 9–35. “Careful examination of Frye’s approach to this play” reveals that whereas he depends upon Christian theology, his method does not sufficiently acknowledge his debt to Christianity. By focusing upon the cyclical model, he omits “the importance of linear time,” but more important, he dichotomizes Christian grace (superior to the natural order) and another kind of grace (the same as nature); Frye is reading a later concept, associated with Blake, into Renaissance criticism. Although he tries to fit everything into his system, he errs in excluding theology from criticism. Douglas, Wallace. “The Meanings of ‘Myth’ in Modern Criticism.” Modern Philology 50 (May 1953): 232–42 [232–3]. Rpt. in Myth and Literature: Contemporary Theory and Practice, ed. John B. Vickery. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1966. 119–28 [120]. A brief look at Frye’s concept of myth as presented in an early essay. Says that Frye, like the Cambridge Hellenists, is more interested in the ritual that explains the myth than in the myth itself. Observes that Frye

discovers signs of fertility rites in literature and that he reduces literary patterns to these rites. Dow, Bonnie J. “Response: Criticism and Authority in the Artistic Mode.” Western Journal of Communication 65, no. 3 (Summer 2001): 336–48. “I argue above that texts have no ‘real’ dimensions that critics do not create. In this sense, I adhere to Northrop Frye’s definition of polysemy rather than that advanced by media critics. For Frye, polysemy is applied to critical activity, not audience activity. In Anatomy of Criticism, he explained the necessity for critics to accept that there are “manifold critical readings of a text by arguing that the alternative was to choose a critical reading and then try to prove that all the others are less legitimate. The former is the way of scholarship and leads to the advancement of learning; the latter is the way of pedantry.” Importantly, Frye rests agency in the critic, not the text or the audience. Texts are not polysemous until we argue that they are; in short, until we make them that way through the creation of multiple readings. Dowler, Kevin. Review of Canadian Communication Thought: Ten Foundational Writers, by Robert E. Babe. Canadian Journal of Communication 25, no. 4 (Fall 2000): 565. “The slippage from historical circumstances into ontological truths about the ‘nature’ of Canadians and Canadian thought posits those essences in an ahistorical manner. Rather than the ‘truth of correspondence,’ here we are in the realm of Frye’s ‘mythopoeic knowledge.’ As Babe points out, ‘mythopoeic knowledge does not progress; rather, it recurs,’ and this is indeed the character of our encounter with nature; it is mythic in proportion, a good fairy story. As we know, however, fairy stories usually have a purpose, sometimes as sinister as the story itself. Babe himself points out, apropos of Frye, that ‘myths lend support to . . . the power structure of society.’” Downey, Dara. “‘Reading Her Difficult Riddle’: Shirley Jackson and Late 1950s’ Anthropology.” In It Came from the 1950s!: Popular Culture, Popular Anxieties, ed. Darryl Jones, Elizabeth McCarthy, and Bernice M. Murphy. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. 176–97. The universalizing discourse that derived from anthropology in the 1950s and 1960s “provided the increasingly self-conscious discipline of literary criticism with a ready-made vocabulary and structure, and the socalled ‘Myth and Ritual’ school, including scholars such as Northrop Frye, Dorothy van Ghent, Leslie Fiedler, and Stanley Edgar Hyman (the husband of Shirley Jackson, the focus of this essay), set out to excavate such motifs from the most canonical works of Anglophone literature.”

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Downing, Crystal. “Theopoetics: Si(g)ns of Copulation.” Cross Currents 60, no. 1 (March 2010): 45–59, 137. “While Kant privileged reason as the engine driving the autonomous knowing self, the 19th-century Romantic poets elevated imagination as the primary power energizing the autonomous perceiver. By the 20th century, autonomy was associated with the poetic artifact itself. In the 1950s, novelist E.M. Forster asserted that a true poem ‘points to nothing but itself,’ while literary critic Northrop Frye proclaimed the importance ‘of producing a structure of words for its own sake,’ calling such a structure ‘autonomous.’” Downing, Frederick L. “Voices from the Whirlwind: Contemporary Criticism and the Biblical Book of Job.” Perspectives in Religious Studies 4 (Winter 1999): 389–404. Also available at: http://www.scribd. com/doc/29898437/Voices-From-The-WhirlwindContemporary-Criticism-and-the-Biblical-Book-of-Job. See section entitled “Northrop Frye and the World of the Text: The U-Shaped Plot and the Epitome of Biblical Narrative.” Doyle, Briohny. “The Postapocalyptic Imagination.” Thesis Eleven 131, no. 1 (2015): 99–113. “If apocalypse is, as Northrop Frye’s reading suggests, the biblical culmination of ‘a comprehensive view of the human situation,’ then postapocalypse can beframed as an incomprehensive view of the fragility and transience of anything that could be referred to as a human situation. . . .The postapocalypse does not fit Frye’s formula for reading the Bible as a literary text in which an anti-type reaffirms the truth of a type, as in the relationship of genesis to apocalypse.” Doyle, James. “Rhyming Reds and Fractious Fictions, Canada’s Heritage of Literary Radicalism.” Review of Progressive Heritage: The Evolution of a Politically Radical Literary Tradition in Canada, by Brian D. Palmer. American Review of Canadian Studies 34, nos. 1 (Spring 2004): 99–128. “A considerable irony, however, is that just as the first serious indications of an awareness of class themes within Canadian writing appeared, so too did a literary criticism that tended to place workers in the shadows of a constructed national mythology that highlighted themes rather distant from the divisions of socio-economic segmentation. ‘Limited identities,’ a phrase born of historians and a concern that is made intelligible only through efforts to historicize and contextualize meanings of marginality, appeared poised, in the mid-to-late 1960s, to be examined through literatures somewhat outside the Canadian canon of landscape, pioneering settlements of survival, northern rigors, and the imagined iconographies of

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white settler dominion. This conventionalizing aesthetic, captured most brilliantly in Northrop Frye’s interpretive essentialism of Canadian literary culture as a ‘garrison mentality,’ embattled in its guardianship of values and struggling always to extend virtue against the ravages of climate, environment, and nature, or the hostilities of formidable foes, achieved an interpretive dominance within criticism as Frye’s Conclusion to the Literary History of Canada (1965) appeared. It was popularized, and given a certain Left appeal, in Margaret Atwood’s Survival: A Thematic Guide to Canadian Literature.” Dragland, Stan. “Afterword: Reaney’s Relevance.” Essays on Canadian Writing 24–5 (Winter–Spring 1982–3): 211–35. Rpt. in Approaches to the Work of James Reaney, ed. Stan Dragland. Downsview, ON: ECW Press, 1983. 211–35. Comments throughout on the ways in which Frye’s myth of coherence has influenced Reaney. Drake, Graham, et al., eds. “General Introduction.” Four Romances of England: King Horn, Havelok the Dane, Bevis of Hampton, Athelston. Kalamazoo, MI: Medieval Institute Publications, 1997. “This U-shaped motif (called the ‘monomyth’ by such modern mythographers as Joseph Campbell) is common to most epic and romance, and especially in romance it helps focus attention on the development of the central hero. Romance follows a pattern of separation and reunion or, as Northrop Frye views it, a journey of descent followed by ascent and a corresponding resolution of the hero’s purpose and place in the world. Because the very structure of such romances is the development of the hero towards maturity, achievement, and resumption of his rightful title, they often focus on questions of identity—as initial concealment followed by gradual revelation. Havelok conceals his identity as a fisherman; Bevis becomes, at various points in the narrative, a shepherd, messenger, and pilgrim; Athelston begins as a lowly messenger but gradually grows into his identity as king.” Dreier, Stephanie. “Learning to Be a Hero: The Role of Magical Objects in Harry Potter and Reckless.” Yearbook of Eastern European Studies 7 (2017): 17–29. “Following Northrop Frye’s classification, Jacob is a Romantic hero: he lacks idealism and high ethical standards. Although he is certainly no coward, his bravery borders on folly, prompted by narcissism and over-confidence. Consequently, readers are torn between empathizing with him and resenting his attitude.” Uses Frye’s five heroic modes to classify characters in Funke and Wigram’s Reckless and in Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone.

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Drewniak, Dagmara. “‘It was empty and silent, except for the devilish laughter of the coyotes’— The Perception of Canada as a Peaceable Kingdom and Promised Land in Selected Immigrant Memoirs.” TransCanadiana 6 (2013): 179–91. “The attitude of the Canadian government and Canadian society to immigration has changed dramatically over the decades. It has often reflected on the state of the Canadian economy and thus reflected the opportunities Canada offered to newcomers. The concept of the ‘peaceful kingdom’ and the reflection of Northrop Frye on the Canadian social ideal—‘the pastoral myth’— is juxtaposed as well as challenged by its notion of ‘garrison mentality’ imposed on immigrants by other social groups, as well as the overwhelming Canadian nature.” Dreyer, Yolanda. “‘n Teoretiese inleiding tot narratiewe hermeneutiek in die teologie” [“A Theoretical Introduction to Narrative Hermeneutics in Theology”]. Theological Studies 59, no. 2 (June 2003): 313–32. In Afrikaans. Maintains that narrative hermeneutics as a method of research in theology departs from a dialectical relationship between hermeneutics and the method of interpretation. Aims to describe and explain narrative as a “way of knowing.” Focuses on the form, content, function, and context of myth. Myth is foundational to the life stories of people and groups. Uses Hopewell’s (see below) interpretation of Frye’s four narrative modes as an example of such hermeneutics. Drissi, Susannah Rodríguez. “The Quest for Body and Voice in Assia Djebar’s So Vast the Prison.” Comparative Literature and Culture Web 7, no. 3 (September 2005): article 5. Using Frye’s definition of the quest novel and Joseph Campbell’s writings, Susannah Rodríguez Drissi explores in her paper . . . the motif of the journey as Djebar adapts it to her female characters. Proposes that in previous studies concerning the hero—such as in James Frazer’s The Golden Bough or in Joseph Campbell’s The Hero with a Thousand Faces—women are relegated to a secondary role. Recently, however, it has become evident that the study of the woman as ‘heroine’ is necessary to a better understanding of not only of women’s literature but of literature as a whole.” (from publisher’s abstract) Druff, James H., Jr. “Genre and Mode: The Formal Dynamics of Doubt.” Genre 14 (Fall 1981): 295–307 [299–302]. Believes that Frye’s distinction between genre and mode is too clear-cut and that we can understand better some of the disharmony in the forms of modern fiction if we see the two concepts as related, genre having a historical dimension and mode a rhetorical one.

Drumbolis, Nicky. An Inventory of Modern English Poetry in Canada. Toronto: Letters, 1987. Item following No. 242. This annotated catalogue of Canadiana includes a three-page account of Anatomy of Criticism, “perhaps the most enigmatic and provocative book of Canadian literature.” Du, Chanzhong. “The Canterbury Tales as an Example of Frye’s Conception of a Medieval Fictional Mode.” Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Fujian Foreign Languages ​​and Literature Association (2003). –  “Lun Fulai zhi xiju piping yu Shashibiya xiju” [Frye’s Criticism of Comedy Including Shakespearian Comedy]. Fuzhou daxue xuebao [Journal of Fuzhou University] 2 (2001): 81–3. In Chinese. –  “Northrop Frye’s Theoretical Model and the Interpretation of Shakespeare’s Tragedies.” Foreign Literature Studies (2000). In Chinese. –  “On Frye’s Cyclical View of the Phases of Language.” Journal of Tianjin Foreign Studies University 4 (1999). In Chinese. An overview of the theory of language in The Great Code. –  “On the ‘Great Code’: Characteristics of Literary Criticism.” Journal of Fujian Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 1 (2000). In Chinese. Frye’s interdisciplinary study of the Bible opens up new understandings of the biblical text. –  “On the Three Modes of Language of Northrop Frye.” Anhui University Journal (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 3 (2004). In Chinese. Having expounded the typical features of the three phases on language, Frye introduces a fourth mode, kerygma, derived from biblical language. Du, Guoying. “The Repetition of Religious Myth in Pushkin’s ‘Queen of Spades.’” Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology (Social Sciences Edition) 6 (2011). Du, Jia. “On the Principle of the Cycle in Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism.” Gansu Social Sciences 6 (2007). In Chinese. Du, Xiaonuo. “The Separate Horn Sounded: Northrop Frye’s View of Literary Criticism.” Journal for Young Teachers 6 (2007). In Chinese. Dubalaru, Oana Fotache. “‘Making It New’: Topoi of Literary Historiography in Frye, Guillén, and Moretti.” Paper presented at Educating the Imagination: A Conference in Honour of Northrop Frye on the Centenary of His Birth. University of Toronto, 4–6 October 2013.

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

DuBois, Alexander. “Ethics, Critics, Close Reading.” University of Toronto Quarterly 76, no. 3 (2007): 926–36. On Frye as a mediating figure in the aesthetics-ethics debate. Dubois, Diane. “The Absurd Imagination: Northrop Frye and Waiting for Godot.” English Studies in Canada 37, no. 2 (June 2011): 111–30. On Frye’s understanding of Beckett. –  “Northrop Frye.” Oxford Bibliographies. http://www. oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo9780190221911/obo-9780190221911-0035.xml#obo9780190221911-0035-bibItem-0081. Separate sections entitled “Anatomy of Criticism,” “Biographies and Contextual Approaches,” “Canadian Literature and Culture,” “William Blake,” “Romanticism,” “The Bible, Christianity, and Religion,” “Interpenetration,” “The University and Education,” “Politics and Cultural Theory,” “Shakespeare,” “Literary Criticism,” “Reappraisals and Retrospectives,” “Eastern, Western, and Other Perspectives,” “Miscellaneous Writings,” “Archives,” “Finding Aids and Blogs”, “Bibliographies,” and “Indexes to the Primary Texts” Dubois, Jean-Marie, and Gerald Cote. “Northrop Frye (1912–1991): A World-Renowned Literary and Social Critic.” Record [Sherbrooke, QC] (3 August 2017): A7. Dudek, Louis. “Academic Sofa.” Canadian Forum 58 (June–July 1978): 26–7. Brief remarks about Frye’s essay “Haunted by Lack of Ghosts.” –  “The Bible as Fugue: Theme and Variations.” University of Toronto Quarterly: A Canadian Journal of the Humanities 52, no. 2 (Winter 1982–3): 127–35. –  “Frye Again (but Don’t Miss Souster).” Delta 5 (October 1958): 26–7. Claims that Frye “tries to reduce the whole spirit and meaning of art to a factor of his system of classification, a mere product of ‘type’ and ‘form,’ having nothing to do with the author’s mind, heart, or convictions.” As a result, Frye, “the Great White Whale of Canadian criticism,” devalues the poet as an individual commenting on reality. –  “The Psychology of Literature.” Canadian Literature 72 (Spring 1977): 5–20 [5–11]. Rpt. in Dudek, Selected Essays and Criticism. Ottawa: Tecumseh, 1978. 362–80. Examines Frye’s view of the psychological foundation of archetypes, which is seen as an oracular, visionary, religious view, and against which Dudek places his own understanding of the psychology of literature. Dudek, Louis, and Michael Gnarowski, eds. Making of Modern Poetry in Canada: Essential Commentary on Poetry in English, 3rd ed. Montreal and Kingston:

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McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2017. Remarking on the two selections from Frye’s The Educated Imagination selected for this anthology, the editors write, “The next branch of Canadian criticism, antithetical to the school of social realism, has taken its impetus from the writings of Northrop Frye. His two lectures on The Educated Imagination reproduced here emphasize the importance of myth or dream as distinct from so-called reality, and show the historical unity of mythopoeic conceptions in the Bible and in classical mythology.” Duff, David. Modern Genre Theory. Harlow: Longman, 1999. Chapter 6 anthologizes “The Mythos of Summer: Romance,” from Anatomy of Criticism, but Frye’s theory of genre is featured throughout. Duffy, Enda. “Modernism under Review: Fredric Jameson’s The Political Unconscious: Narrative as a Socially Symbolic Act (1981).” Modernist Cultures 11, no. 2 (2016): 143–60. Dukes, Hunter Brooks. “Between Athens and Jerusalem: King Lear and the Morality of Tragedy.” FIVE: The Claremont Colleges Journal of Undergraduate Academic Writing 2, no. 2 (2013): 13–21. https://scholarship. claremont.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www. google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1009&context=five. On Frye’s Aristotelian inheritance.” Provides a careful analysis of the similarities and differences between Aristotle and Frye. Regarding King Lear, asks “Is classical tragedy contingent upon a Greco-Roman sense of morality? Or can tragedy exist within a JudeoChristian universe as well? Literary critic Northrop Frye’s theory of high-mimetic tragedy inherits distinctions that Aristotle draws between tragedy and comedy in the Poetics. As a brief philological excursion will demonstrate, the binary distinctions upon which Aristotle builds his tragic structure are inherently entangled with notions of a noble aristocracy, what Friedrich Nietzsche would call a master morality.” Dullo, Andrei. “A Romanian Cosmogonic Myth in the Light of Northrop Frye.” In Northrop Frye 100: A Danubian Perspective, ed. Sára Tóth, Tibor Fabiny, János Kenyeres, and Péter Pásztor. Budapest: KGRE— L’Harmattan, 2014. 296–8. Applies Frye’s understanding of Christian symbols to Hungarian mythology, especially creation myths. Dumančić, Andrea, and Biljana Oklopcic. “The Power of Perspective in The Raven Cycle.” Anafora—časopis za znanost o književnosti 1 (2017): 37–57. In Croatian. Applies Frye’s three stages of the quest romance to The Raven Cycle, by Maggie Stiefvater.

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Duncan, Hal. “A Theory of Modes and Modalities.” http:// notesfromthegeekshow.blogspot.com/2009/07/theoryof-modes-and-modalities.html. On the theory of modes in Essay I of Anatomy of Criticism. Duncan, Helga L. “‘Here at the fringe of the forest’: Staging Sacred Space in As You Like It.” Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 43, no. 1 (2013): 121–44. Notes Frye’s “green world” view of Shakespeare’s comedies. Duncan, Joseph E. “Archetypal Criticism in English.” Bulletin of Bibliography 40, no. 4 (December 1983): 206–30. Duncan, Rebecca Stephens. “Reading Slumdog Millionaire across Cultures.” Journal of Commonwealth Literature 46, no. 2 (2011): 311–26. The film offers the opportunity to rethink the romantic-quest paradigm as it has been established by Frye. Duperray, Max. “Neo-Gothic: Frontières incertaines d’un concept littéraire” [Neo-Gothic: Uncertain Boundaries of a Literary Concept]. Caietele Echinox 35 (2018): 13– 24. In French. Says that the metafictional mode is what Frye designated in his definition of the cycles of literary history. Duralia, Daniela. “Teaching William Faulkner’s Use of Classical Myth in Absalom, Absalom!” International Journal of Arts & Sciences 10, no. 1 (2017): 283–98. Uses certain features of Frye’s ironic mode to characterize Faulkner’s Thomas Sutpen. Duran, Angelica. “The Blind Bard, According to John Milton and His Contemporaries.” Mosaic: A Journal for the Interdisciplinary Study of Literature 46, no. 3 (September 2013): 141–57. “Up to line 12, Milton’s Sonnet XIX universalizes the emotion of the dreamvision to any readers, sighted or blind, who have felt great love. That universalizing move is in itself paradoxical, as Northrup Frye’s homey and helpful description articulates about literary innovation: ‘I’m saying that everything is new, and yet recognizably the same kind of thing as the old, just as a new baby is a genuinely new individual, although it’s also an example of something very common, which is human beings.’” –  “A Textbook Case of Comparative Cultural Studies.” Mo Yan in Context: Nobel Laureate and Global Storyteller. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press, 2014. Discovers four types of brand storytelling using Frye’s typology: romance, comedy, tragedy, and irony and satire. Analyses the narrative type and structure of branded contents of three applications using these types. Durán, Gloria. La magia y las brujas en la obra de Carlos Fuentes [Magic and Witches in the Work of Carlos

Fuentes]. Mexico City: UNAM, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, 1976. In Spanish. English trans. The Archetypes of Carlos Fuentes. Hamden, CT: Archon Books, 1980. Applies Frye’s critical categories in analysing the magic and witches in the work of Fuentes. Durand, Jean-François. “Introduction.” In Les Métamorphoses de L’Artiste. Aix-en-Provence: Presses Universitaires de Provence, 2013. 13–32. In French. In Anatomy of Criticism Northrop Frye emphasizes the interest in literary criticism of the distant gaze, which alone makes it possible to grasp the coherence of large sets. Thus from a painting: “The more one moves away, the more the overall conception becomes visible.” Dwan, David. “Important Nonsense: Yeats and Symbolism.” New Literary History 50, no. 2 (Spring 2019): 219–43. “Although René Wellek could produce a confident set of reflections on symbolism for New Literary History in 1970, and theories of the symbol were central to literary criticism for figures like Northrop Frye, this is no longer where the critical conversation predominantly resides.” Dyck, Erika, and Alex Deighton. Managing Madness: Weyburn Mental Hospital and the Transformation of Psychiatric Care in Canada. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press, 2017. Observes that the Canadian settlers in the late nineteenth century tended to adopt what Frye called the “garrison mentality”—“closely knit societies clinging to familiar values in the face of a frightening primitive wilderness.” Dyer, Klay. “Vassanji, M.G. The Book of Secrets.” Ilha do Desterro 31 (April 2008): 165–72. Articulates a certain critical impatience with Canada’s apparent obsession with what Northrop Frye identified as the great riddle troubling Canadian sensibility, namely “Where is here?” “By Canadian literature,” wrote critic E.K. Brown in the opening chapter of his seminal book On Canadian Poetry (1943), “I shall understand writing by those who having been born in Canada, passed a considerable number of their best creative years in this country, and also writing by those who, wherever they may have been born, once arrived in Canada did important creative work and led much of their literary life among us.” Clearly comfortable with the “element of indefiniteness” at the heart of his definition, a presence that many of his contemporaries were determined to schematize, Brown also articulates in this denotation a certain critical impatience with Canada’s apparent obsession with what Northrop Frye identified as the great riddle, specified above, troubling Canadian sensibility.

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

DyrkjØb, Jan Ulrik Krielbaum. “Bibellæsning og billedbrug” [Reading the Bible’s Imagery]. Kristeligt dagblad (21 May 1984). In Danish. –  “Fortællingens rigdom og metaforens nØdvendighed” [The Richness of the Story and the Necessity of the Metaphor]. HelsingØr stiftsbog (1992): 42–5. In Danish. –  “Fra litteraturkritik til teologisk æstetik” [From Literary Criticism to Theological Aesthetics]. PhØnix 12, no. 2 (1988): 74–83. In Danish. –  “Magtens sprog og kaerlighedens sprog: Nogle teologiske perspektiver i Northrop Fryes forfatterskab” [The Language of Power and the Language of Love: Some Theological Perspectives in Northrop Frye’s Writing]. In På fortaellingens graense, ed. Hans Hauge and Kjeld Holm. Rpt. in Kredsen 50, no. 1–2 [1983]: 1–35. In Danish. On the theological implications of Frye’s writings. Argues that the entire body of Frye’s work had direct and indirect implications not only for biblical criticism but for theology as a whole. Gives special attention to The Great Code. –  “Northrop Frye’s Visionary Protestantism.” In Lombardo, Ritratto, 145–57. Maintains that “in important respects the structure of [Frye’s] thinking can only be fully appreciated if it is seen in a theological context.” Argues against the views of Fredric Jameson (who claims that Frye reductively allegorizes history) by showing that Frye’s typological reading of the Bible always involves a complex double thrust—a dialectic that moves toward discontinuity and radical transcendence and that, therefore, places his work in the tradition of visionary Protestant theology. E Eagleton, Terry. “The Idealism of American Criticism.” New Left Review 127, no. 1 (May–June 1981): 53–65. On Frye’s relation to the New Criticism and to forms of neo-Marxist cultural critique. –  Literary Theory: An Introduction. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1983. 91–6. Sees Anatomy of Criticism as a transition between New Critical formalism and structuralism. Says that Frye’s system is more rigorously closed to history than that of the New Critics and that it conceives of literature not as a means for yielding knowledge about reality but as “a kind of collective Utopian dreaming.” Judges Frye to be an anti-humanist because of his emphasis upon classifying things scientifically; at the same time, says Frye is a Christian humanist “who offers literature as a displaced version of religion” and whose Arnoldian

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vision of a classless society is simply an affirmation of “his own middle-class liberal values.” Earl, Paul D. “Orderly Marketing: Reality, Rhetoric or Myth.” Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 3, no. 3 (2011): 329–50. Draws on Frye’s understanding of myth in The Great Code and The Double Vision. Earle, Neil. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz in American Popular Culture. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 1994. Uses Frye’s archetypal theory in rereading the Oz story. Eastman, Arthur M. “Shakespearean Criticism.” In William Shakespeare: His World, His Work, His Influence, ed. John Andrews. New York: Scribners, 1985. 753–6 [747, 748]. On Frye’s Shakespearean criticism in “The Argument of Comedy,” Anatomy of Criticism, and A Natural Perspective. –  A Short History of Shakespearean Criticism. New York: Random House, 1968. 370–82. Maintains that the extravagant power of horizontal analogy in Frye’s criticism is not balanced by the power of vertical generalization. Isolates and summarizes the central concepts in each of the four chapters of A Natural Perspective. Sees Frye’s value as a Shakespearean critic in his “definition and rationalization of the Shakespearean comic and romantic structure” (the three main parts of the action, the roles of the clown and idiotes, and metamorphoses at the end of the plays) and in his exploration of the romances in depth. On the other hand, echoes Reuben Brower’s view (see above) that Frye’s Shakespearean criticism is both circular and reductive. Ebert, Teresa L. “The Poverty of (Post) Humanities.” Knowledge Cultures 4, no. 6 (2016): 25–54. “Brooks and other postwar critics teach that texts of culture should be read as parables of language and that, as Northrop Frye argues, a literal reading (unearthing the ‘prose sense’) is not ontologically possible. De-literalizing the real—translating ‘the working day’ of labor into the unrepresentable—is the main theoretical work of (post) humanities.” Ebine, Hiroshi. “Bungaku no taikei to sanbun janru” [System of Literature and Prose Genres]. Eigo Seinen/The Rising Generation 137 (1 July 1991): 178–9. In Japanese. Part of a special section of this journal devoted to Frye. See also the articles by Yamagata, Nakamura, Maeda, and Itirano. –  “Northrop Frye and the Novel.” Eigo bungaku sekai [The English Literary World] 11 (February 1969): 18–21. In Japanese.

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Ecchio, C.A. “Hacia un modelo de la narratividad: Mikhail Bakhtin y Northrop Frye en diálogo” [Towards a Narrative Model: Mikhail Bakhtin and Northrop Frye in Dialogue]. In Spanish. Revista de Humanidades 28 (January 2013): 121–48. On the similarity of the narrative theories of Mikhail Bakhtin and Frye. Echeruo, Michael C. “Joyce’s ‘Epical Equidistance.” English Studies in Africa 39, no. 1 (1996): 1–12. “Joyce’s ‘epical’ factor, then, was as concerned with a theory of kinds as of modes, specifically of modes of representation or mediation. Frye’s observation in Anatomy that drama is only epos absorbed in decorum holds the key to much of the mystery of Joyce’s apparent eclecticism. This becomes all the more interesting considering the exegetical and Jesuitical methods by which Joyce and Frye reach their conclusions.” Eder, D.L. “An Anatomy of Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism.” In Studies in Literature: Selected Papers by Graduate Students in English at the City University of New York. New York: CUNY, 1966. Edgecombe, Rodney Stenning. “The Ways of Plotting Plots.” Dalhousie Review 83, no. 2 (2003): 165–87. “Plot (as much as plotlessness) is a function of ideology, whether it be suspended or scrambled by anarchical temperaments like Byron’s and Musset, or conceived in terms of the ‘Newtonian’ laws that Aristotle and Northrop Frye have brought to the universe of narrative.” Editorial. “Northrop Frye’s Greatest Gift: His Books.” Globe and Mail (16 July 2010). https://www. theglobeandmail.com/opinion/editorials/northropfryes-greatest-gift-his-books/article4330489/. “Northrop Frye was not much attached to the term ‘comparative literature,’ and it would be a mistake to gather, from a controversy at the University of Toronto about the merger into a larger entity of that university’s Centre for Comparative Literature, which he founded, that his legacy is embodied in any academic institution. Rather, Professor Frye left us his books, especially three of them”—Fearful Symmetry, The Great Code, and Anatomy of Criticism. Editors of Manas. “The Benefit of the Doubt.” Manas 32, no. 22 (28 May 1969): 1–6. On Frye’s views of anxiety and the ethics of change. –  “How Men Think.” Manas 25, no. 2 (12 January 1972): 1–5. On Frye’s understanding of science and his “myth of concern.” –  “Meaning, Order, Identity.” Manas 37, no. 17 (25 April 1984): 1–5. On Frye’s views of mythology and science.

–  “The Myths We Live By.” Manas 30, no. 4 (26 January 1977): 1–5. On the meaning of myth in Frye. –  “Our Uncreated Identity.” Manas 39, no. 3 (15 January 1986): 1–4. On Frye’s The Modern Century. http://www. manasjournal.org/pdf_library/VolumeXXXIX_1986/ XXXIX-03.pdf. –  “‘Reality Is What We Create.’” Manas 34, no. 44 (4 November 1981): 1–5. On Frye’s theory of “concern” in The Stubborn Structure. –  “Science and Myth.” Manas 25, no. 51 (20 December 1972): 1–5. On Frye’s understanding of the relation between science and mythology. Edmundson, Mark. “Against Readings.” Profession (2009): 56–65. “The teacher, to begin with, represents the author: he analyzes the text sympathetically, he treats the words with care and caution and with due respect. He works hard with the students to develop a vision of what the world is and how to live that rises from the author’s work and that, ultimately, the author, were he present in the room, would endorse. Northrop Frye does something very much like this in his book on Blake, Fearful Symmetry; George Orwell achieves something similar in his famous essay on Dickens. In both cases, the critic’s objective is to read the author with humane sensitivity, then synthesize a view of life that’s based on that reading.” Edwards, Alicia. “Do the Ghosts Roam along the Corridors Here at Ordsall Hall?” Journal of Popular Culture 52, no. 6 (December 2019): 1312–33. Edwards, Brian. Border Land. Geelong, Victoria, Australia: Mattoid Grange, Deakin University, 2009. “When Northrop Frye developed a structural framewok for consideration of all literature, he prescribed four mythoi (or pregeneric elements) and, defining a theory of myths, linked them to the seasons: the Mythos of Spring—Comedy, the Mythos of Summer—Romance, the Mythos of Autumn—Tragedy, and the Mythos of Winter—Irony and Satire. He thought in broad terms of typical modes and forms and, extrapolating to the seasons, he invests literary forms with rhythms, markers and practices fundamental to life.” (dust-jacket abstract) Edwards, Paul. “The Farm and the Wilderness in Tutuola’s The Palm-Wine Drunkard.” Journal of Commonwealth Literature 9 (August 1974): 56–65. Argues that one finds in Tutuola’s novel the structure of apocalyptic and demonic imagery Frye discusses in Anatomy of Criticism.

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Edwards, Philip. “The Abandoned Cave.” In Shakespeare and the Confines of Art. London: Methuen, 1968. 48–70. Summarizes Frye’s arguments in A Natural Perspective about Shakespeare’s comedies, which he then uses to interpret A Midsummer Night’s Dream, As You Like It, and Twelfth Night. Eeckhout, Bart. Wallace Stevens and the Limits of Reading and Writing. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2001. 24, 30, 47, 54, 231, 232, 254, and 261. Glances here and there at Frye’s views on Stevens. Efron, Arthur. “Could You Kindly Direct Me to the Office of Civil Disobedience?” Paunch 24 (October 1965): 5–17 [14–15]. Sees Frye’s work as one of the trends in current criticism that reveals “innoculatory [sic] variations on the one-dimensional.” Frye is one-dimensional in his reliance on myth, especially the myth of the Bible, as the foundation of programs of literary education. Egan, David. “Literature and Thought Experiments.” Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 74, no. 2 (2016): 139–50. Calls on Frye’s ideas of naive and continuous allegory to bring focus to his exposition of thought experiments. Egawa, Toru. “Literature and the Myth of Identity.” Kyôyô no tame no sôzôryoku [The Educated Imagination], trans. Toru Egawa and Masahiko Maeda. Tokyo: Taiyosha, 1969. 129–51. In Japanese. Egendorf, Laura K. “Shakespeare’s Comedic Style.” In Elizabethan Drama. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 2000. Eguíbar, Miasol. “Moments of Nationalism: Global and Local Intersections in Canadian Literature.” HyperCultura 1 (2017): 1–11. “The literature of writers like Margaret Laurence or Hugh MacLennan, the nationalist critical work by Northrop Frye or Margaret Atwood, are often read as postcolonial reactions against British literary and ontological models, and as the basis to forge an autonomous sense of Canadianness. These efforts, however, did not go far beyond this point, and gradually, what can only be called an identity crisis settled in.” Ekelund, Bo G. “Citing the World: A Geometric Data Analysis of Swedish Literary Scholars’ Use of Foreign Critical Resources.” Poetics 55 (April 2016): 60–75. Elam, Keir. “Natural Perspectivism: Frye on Shakespearean Comedy.” In Lombardo, Ritratto, 181–94. Notes the extent to which recent criticism of Shakespeare’s comedies can be traced back to Frye’s Anatomy, A Natural Perspective, and “The Argument of Comedy,”

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and then looks at the most vocal recent critics of Frye’s approach, the textualists and the historicists. Elbarbary, Samir. “The Aesthetics of the English Novel.” Arab Journal for the Humanities 3, no. 11 (1983). On various theorists of the novel: James, Lawrence, Forster, Leavis, Booth, and Frye. “The concept underlying Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism is the close connection between literary texts and oral myths, and that the romance, confession, and anatomy merge with novel—which weaves forms of imaginative prose into a pattern.” Elder, R. Bruce. “Myth and the Cinematic Effect in Harley Parker and Marshall McLuhan.” AModern 5 (December 2015). https://amodern.net/article/myth/. The Canadian “interest in mythic consciousness, I contend, is . . . connected to the rise of the cinema: the interest that Canadian communications theorists Eric Havelock, Marshall McLuhan, Harley Parker, and Northrop Frye have had in the form of consciousness represented in myth can be related to their era’s engagement with cinema. My purpose in this article is to demonstrate the connection between the cinema and the interest Canadian poetics has taken in mythopoesis.” –  “The Toronto School of Communication Theory on Myth and Orality.” Ultimate Reality and Meaning 4, nos. 3-4 (2011): 191–223 (published 2015). “An essential link that drew Havelock, McLuhan, and Frye [as adherents of the theory of the Toronto school of communication] is the philosophical historiography of Giambattista Vico, a late seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century thinker whose historicism was as profound as McLuhan’s, Frye’s, and Havelock’s.” Includes separate sections of his essay entitled “McLuhan and Frye on the Poetic Culture of the 1960s as a Vichian Ricorso: Liberation or Menace” and “Frye and Cultural Relativism.” Elderfield, John. “Art and Memory.” Art Monthly 94 (1 March 1986): 3–8. Quotes Frye on sentimentality in art. El-Desouky, Ayman A. “Between Hermeneutic Provenance and Textuality: The Qur’an and the Question of Method in Approaches to World Literature.” Journal of Qur’anic Studies 16, no. 3 (2014): 11–38. Explores the issue, raised by Frye’s comments on the Koran, of what it means to approach that sacred book literarily. –  “Ego Eimi: Kerygma or Existential Metaphor? Frye, Bultmann and the Problem of Demythologizing.” Canadian Review of Comparative Literature/Revue Canadienne de Littérature Comparée 34, no. 2 (June 2007): 131–71. “Bultmann’s project, Frye’s critique of it, the implications of their work on the ontological status of the language of myth and metaphor, and the underlying conceptions of history and subjectivity,

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form the subject of this essay. . . . Though Frye’s late work already began to receive critical attention by the late 1990s, mainly through established scholars such as Jonathan Hart, Robert Denham, A.C. Hamilton, Michael Dolzani, Alvin Lee, James Kee, Imre Salusinszky, and others, the precise conceptions of typology and kerygma and their role in his late phase have so far received little extended analytic thought (perhaps with the exception of Hart and Denham, who between them give equal attention to kerygma and typology).” Eldridge, Richard. “Nietzsche and The Birth of Tragedy.” Review of Metaphysics 68, no. 2 (December 2014): 422– 3. In a review of Paul Raimond Daniels’s Nietzsche and “The Birth of Tragedy,” says that “Daniels’s accounts— somewhat reminiscent of Northrop Frye’s defenses of the significance of metaphor and myth in the formation of values, as against theoretical science and demotic language—of the powers and importance of both art in general and the works of Rilke and Mahler in particular are illuminating.”

1972. 160–73. Uses a quotation from Frye as a text for championing new methods for teaching and learning about the imaginative products of culture. Believes that Frye’s notions about the possibility of an Arnoldian classless culture are essentially mistaken. Suggests a Marxist model for regenerating education and ridding it of the New Critical tendencies said to be represented by Frye’s approach. Ellis, Frank M. “Northrop Frye’s Theory of Comedy.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Northeast American Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies, Philadelphia, 11 October 1986. Photoduplicated typescript. 14 pp. Reviews Frye’s theory of the dramatic structure of comedy: it is based upon the conventions of New Comedy, in which the blocking of a young man’s desire for a young woman is eventually overcome. Shows how this theory is adequate to explain the action of plays in which there are no women, such as Captivi and Volpone, because the structural principles, in which desire figures importantly, remain the same.

Elliott, J.E. “The Social Structure of English in the Text of Theory.” New Literary History 44, no. 3 (Summer 2013): 425–47. “High theory received a broad welcome in English departments . . . not because the older formalisms had failed in their hermeneutic task but because it no longer mattered how well they succeeded. One could rest content with indeterminacy as a selfratifying value rather than a function of scale because scaling would only be meaningful where the knowledge it produced was thought to be. Such, arguably, was the case for English studies at the time Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism appeared. By contrast, where this knowledge was losing its institutional legitimacy, the subtleties of Frye’s Anatomy seemed supererogatory, its scientific ambitions faintly absurd. An emphasis on the refinement of the tradition instead of its radical reconception would also send a false message: one that belied the fact that the brave new American university after 1970 would no longer be able to sustain the research-knowledge ideal across the spectrum of academic fields. Market forces, system consolidation, and massified enrollments would force out a different and uncertain role for English studies. Indeterminacy understood as a property of critical acts projected this uncertainty as a measure of disciplinary alignment in the university.”

Ellison, Fred P. “Soledade-Persephone: A Cyclical Myth in A Bagaceim.” In Woman as Myth and Metaphor in Latin American Literature, ed. Carmelo Virgillo and Naomi Lindstrom. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1985. 27–41. Calls upon Frye’s theories in Anatomy of Criticism to argue that one of the characters in A Bagaceira (Soledade) is an embodiment of the Persephone archetype.

Ellis, Catherine. “The Function of Northrop Frye at the Present Time.” College English 31 (March 1970): 541–7. Rpt. as “Arnold’s Other Axiom,” in The Politics of Literature: Dissenting Essays on the Teaching of English, ed. Louis Kampf and Paul Lauter. New York: Pantheon,

Elliott, Andrew B.R. “The Charm of the (Re)Making: Problems of Arthurian Television Serialization.” Arthuriana 21, no. 4 (2011): 53–67. “It is a testament to the power of visual subversion that King Arthur’s Disasters [an animated British television series]

Ellison, Tim. “Four Intriguing Ideas from Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism.” Plowshares at Emerson College (13 July 2018). http://blog.pshares.org/index.php/ four-intriguing-ideas-from-northrop-fryes-anatomyof-criticism/. On Frye’s idea of autonomous verbal structures, his theory of modes, his cycle of the mythoi, and myth criticism. “The question of whether we are willing to engage with myth always comes down to the question of whether we are willing to admit the existence of some mystical element in the universe. Frye is a believer in the human spirit, two words whose contradictions and affinities generate a sort of electricity, a spark we didn’t know we were missing until we read something that takes them seriously. Studying the work of Northrop Frye, even if you ultimately don’t agree with him, takes you further into the mysteries at the heart of literature, the nature of story, and the relationship of the word to the world.”

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

explicitly mentions the king’s size only on their website, which claims—with tongue firmly in cheek—that ‘his diminutive stature is easily compensated by his officious, egocentric behavior.’ The undertone seems to ring clear: that despite his mythic inauguration in the medieval epics as a tall, mighty warrior slaying hundreds within a single battle, the real King Arthur is somewhat less imposing. This subversion ultimately downgrades him from a ‘mythic hero’ who is superior to man and nature to an inferior, ‘ironic hero,’ several rungs further down on Northrop Frye’s celebrated list of heroic virtues.” Ellmann, Richard. “Dissent and the Academy.” New York Review of Books 10 (15 February 1968): 6, 8, 10 [8]. Explains Frye’s views on the social context of criticism as they appeared in his essay, “Speculation and Concern.” Defends Frye’s theory of education—one based on a dialectic of detachment and concern— against the criticisms of Louis Kampf. Elsky, Martin. “Prophecy and Poetry: The Second World War and the Turn to Biblical Typology in George Herbert’s The Temple.” Postmedieval 10, no. 1 (March 2019): 95–110. Frye cited as an example of typological criticism following the groundbreaking work of Rosemond Tuve. Elsner, Thomas. “The Voice That in Madness Is Wanting.” Jung Journal: Culture & Psyche 2, no. 3 (2008): 98–108. In a review of Ross Woodman’s book Sanity, Madness, Transformation, Elsner remarks on Woodman’s discussion of the unconscious madness at play in the relationship with his teacher, Northrop Frye. El-Zein, Amira. “Mythological Tuareg Gods in Ibrahim al-Koni’s Work.” Alif: Journal of Comparative Poetics 35 (2015): 263–72. “Examines the Tuareg myths which form a large part of Libyan novelist’s Ibrahim al-Koni’s work. It focuses especially on the role ancient Egyptian religion occupies in his fiction and essays. It analyzes in particular two novels: Anubis and The Seven Veils. The author relies on the theories of Northrop Frye, Pierre Brunei, John Vickery, and Eric Gould, who emphasize the archetypal nature of literature and its connection to mythology.” (author’s abstract) Emamipour, Ali. “William Shakespeare’s Caliban and Margaret Atwood’s Surfacer: Survival through the Third Space/Thing.” Comparative Literature: East & West 2, no. 1 (May 2018): 1–11. “In the first essay of Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays, the Canadian literary critic and theorist Northrop Frye through employing examples of world literature as ancient as Aristotle’s Poetics to the present era explores the systematic modes of fiction in one of which the protagonist’s ‘escape from

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society’ constructs the building blocks to their salvation. Similarly, Margaret Atwood in Survival: A Thematic Guide to Canadian Literature traces the ways nature had been represented up to the middle of the nineteenth century. While in the late eighteenth century, Edmund Burke’s cult of the beautiful and the sublime, which focused on the inspirational and ‘awe at the grandeur of Nature,’ was predominant in nature poetry, in the first half of the nineteenth century a Wordsworthian Romanticism reigned supreme, which viewed nature as ‘a kind Mother or Nurse who could guide man if he would only listen to her.’” Enckell, Henrik. “Reflection in Psychoanalysis: On Symbols and Metaphors.” International Journal of Psychoanalysis 91, no. 5 (October 2010): 1093–114. “In literature it has usually been maintained that fiction has a sense, but no reference. Poems and novels have a meaning, but they do not refer to a world. In Northrop Frye’s terminology fiction is centripetal (i.e. it is closed and points only inwards) while scientific prose is centrifugal (it points outwards). Ricoeur believes this is a simplification.” Encyclopedia Britannica. 2017. For entries that refer to Frye, see “anatomy,” “Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays,” “archetype,” “Blake, William,” “Bloom, Harold,” “Canada,” “Canadian literature,” “comedy,” “Frye, Northrop,” “Macpherson, Jay,” “New Brunswick,” “prosody,” “satire,” and “Shakespeare.” Engelborghs, Maurits. “Frye en de mythekritiek” [Frye and Myth Criticism]. Dietsche Warande & Belfort 112 (1967): 303–6. In Norwegian. An introductory account of Frye’s criticism. Looks at Frye’s work largely by way of the essays in the English Institute volume devoted to him: Northrop Frye in Modern Criticism. Engelke, Matthew. “Text and Performance in an African Church: The Book, ‘Live and Direct.’” American Ethnologist 31, no. 1 (2004): 76–91. Says that “‘Bible knowledge’ has become part and parcel of the social and religious imagination of postcolonial Africa,” just as it has in the West. Believes apparently that Frye’s The Great Code provides evidence of this claim. England, Eugene. “Why Nephi Killed Laban: Reflections on the Truth of the Book of Mormon.” Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 22 (Fall 1989): 32–51 [32–8]. Maintains that Frye’s study of the Bible’s literary typology can be applied to the Book of Mormon as well. Epstein, Heidi. “Post-War Trauma and Postmodern Love.” Biblical Interpretation 22, no. 3 (May 2014): 253–91. Notes that Paul Fussell in The Great War and Modern Memory enlists Frye’s terms to make his case about

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pastoral irony and about the anti-pastoral variations among the war poets. Erbs, Paul BØrge. “Ind i Bibelen med Northrop Frye” [Into the Bible with Northrop Frye]. Præsteforeningens Blad [weekly newsletter of the Danish Pastors’ Union] 90, no. 24 (2000): 554–64. In Danish. Erdman, David V., and John E. Grant. “America: New Expanses.” In Blake’s Visionary Forms Dramatic. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971. On Blake’s Orc cycle. “The birth or rising of Orc, seen in archetypal perspective as the first phase of a cycle, has come to seem an inevitable component of Blake’s meaning. Yet ‘the Orc cycle’ may be a more characteristic creation of Northrop Frye’s cartography than of Blake’s poetic system, which strove for escape from circular closure in space and time. A careful reading of America, either from a strictly historical perspective, as employed by David Erdman, or from the perspective established by intrinsic structural analysis, seriously raises the question of the relevance of any cyclic symmetry to the poem engraved in 1793.” Erliani, Hera, Singgih Daru Kuncara, and Indah Sari Lubis. “The Journey of Magnus Chase’s Character as Mythical Hero in the Sword of Summer Novel by Rick Riordan.” Ilmu Budaya 3, no. 2 (April 2019). “This research focuses on the journey of Magnus Chase’s character as the mythical hero in The Sword of Summer, a novel by Rick Riordan. This research has two purposes. The first is to identify the stages of Monomyth that appear in the journey of Magnus Chase’s character. . . . The second is to identify kind of Mythoi of The Sword of Summer novel. The researchers applied Joseph Campbell’s theory of Monomyth and Northrop Frye’s theory of Mythoi to answer their research questions.” Ersu, Ding. “A Semiotic Interpretation of Northrop Frye’s Theory of Symbols.” In Fu-lai yen chiu: Chung-kuo yü hsi fang [Frye Studies: China and the West], ed. Wang Ning and Yen-hung Hsü. Beijing: Chung-kuo she hui k’o hsüeh ch’u pan she [Social Sciences Press of China], 1996. 140–8. In Chinese. Espie, Jeff. “Wordsworth’s Chaucer: Mediation and Transformation in English Literary History.” Philological Quarterly 94, no. 4 (Fall 2015): 377–403. On the relationship between Wordsworth and Chaucer, using a typological hermeneutic within the scriptural, historical, and literary-historical contexts described in Frye’s The Great Code. Esterhammer, Angela. “The Constitution of Blake’s Innocence and Experience.” English Studies in Canada 19 (June 1993): 151–60. Sees Frye’s essay “Blake’s

Introduction to Experience” as pointing “the way on toward a new understanding of Romantic poetry in terms of performative utterance.” –  “Introduction.” In Northrop Frye on Milton and Blake, ed. Angela Esterhammer. Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 16. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2005. xvii–xxxiv. Comments on each of the twenty-eight essays and one book (The Return of Eden) that comprise volume 16 of Frye’s Collected Works. Estermann, Barbara. “Shelley’s Antimasques of Life: Revisioning the Triumph.” ELH 81, no. 4 (Winter 2014): 1193–224. “The change that is an integral part of every masque is often symbolized by diurnal progression. Northrop Frye points out that we frequently see ‘a cyclical progression from chaos to cosmos, unorganized energy to new life’ that is revealed ‘in a cyclical movement from darkness to dawn, winter to spring, age to youth.’” Estok, Simon C. “Bridging the Great Divide: Ecocritical Theory and the Great Unwashed.” English Studies in Canada 31, no. 4 (December 2005): 197–208. “One of the primary goals of her [Diana Relke’s] book is to refute the claims Northrop Frye makes in his influential Conclusion to the three-volume Literary History of Canada that there is ‘a tone of deep terror in regard to nature’ in Canadian poetry, and, moreover, that Canadian poetry is characterized by a dualistic way of knowing nature. Frye argues that ‘The human mind has nothing but human and moral values to cling to if it is to preserve its integrity or even its sanity, yet the vast unconsciousness of nature in front of it seems an unanswerable denial of those values.’ As Relke explains, the problem with Frye’s conclusions is that they stem from ‘perceptions . . . based upon the experience of poetry written almost exclusively by men.” One of the results of Frye’s remarkable essay, according to Relke, is that ‘the work of women poets either remained on the peripheries of Canadian myth criticism or was subjected to the imposition of this dualistic way of knowing nature.’” –  “Discourses of Nation, National Ecopoetics, and Ecocriticism in the face of the US: Canada and Korea as Case Studies.” Comparative American Studies 7, no. 2 (June 2009): 85–97. “One of the results of Frye’s famous essay, according to Diana Relke, is that ‘the work of women poets [often] remained on the peripheries of Canadian myth.’ While it certainly remains debatable how much Relke succeeds in refuting Frye’s terror thesis, there is no question that she foregrounds the experience and nature poetry of Canadian women.”

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Eun, Yeop Oh. “The Rhythm of the Moon and Archetypal Time in Jean Toomer’s Blood-Burning Moon.” Comparative Literature 56 (2012): 211 ff. In Korean. Uses Frye’s theory of imagery in Anatomy of Criticism to analyse the archetypes in Toomer’s short story. Evans, John X. “Introduction.” In Adjoining Cultures as Reflected in Literature and Language, ed. John X. Evans. Tempe: Arizona State University, 1983. 3–4. Gives a summary of Frye’s paper “Criticism and Environment,” presented at the fifteenth triennial congress of the Fédération Internationales des Langues et Littératures Modernes, 3 September 1982. Evans, Malcolm. “Deconstructing Shakespeare’s Comedies.” In Alternative Shakespeares, ed. John Drakakis. London: Methuen, 1985. 67–94 [76–85]. On the ways that deconstruction is said to have undermined Frye’s structural and thematic reading of the comedies. Everett, Yayoi Uno. Reconfiguring Myth and Narrative in Contemporary Opera: Osvaldo Golijov, Kaija Saariaho, John Adams, and Tan Dun. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2015. Draws on Frye’s theories of myth among other critical frameworks. “In order to establish a more dynamic system of narrative analysis, literary theorists and semioticians have developed theories for their study of myths that embed valuative oppositions within a hierarchical framework of narrative archetypes. Let us now turn to the construction of myth as narrative in relation to Northrop Frye’s mythoi, James Liszka’s adaptation of Frye’s categories in his broad cultural analysis of myths, and Byron Almén’s formalization of Frye’s and Liszka’s theories into narrative archetypes for application to musical analysis. Evron, Nir. “‘Interested in Big Things, and Happy in Small Ways’: Curiosity in Edith Wharton.” Twentieth Century Literature 64, no. 1 (March 2018): 79–100. “The view of curiosity that Wharton makes explicit in French Ways is enforced with considerable consistency in her other texts. . . .” I shall “describe the shifting valences of curiosity, first in Wharton’s autobiographical writing, where it figures as an unqualified virtue, and then in her social satires. It is there, in her novels—a genre in which, in Northrop Frye’s words, ‘the technical problem is to dissolve all theory into personal relationship’—that Wharton’s conservative anxieties about the desire for novelty become salient.” Ezzy, Douglas. “Theorizing Narrative Identity: Symbolic Interactionism and Hermeneutics.” Sociological Quarterly 39, no. 2 (1998): 239–52. Compares two of Frye’s narrative patterns—comedy and tragedy—with those of Ricoeur and Goffman.

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F Fabiny, Tibor. “Beteljesedett idő” [It’s Time]. In Northrop Frye: A Biblia igézetében: Esszé, prédikáció, interjú. Budapest: Hermeneutikai Kutatóközpont, 1995. 38–42. In Hungarian. An interview with Frye, conducted 4 May 1990. –  A hermeneutika elmélete: [The Theory of Hermeneutics] Szeged: JATE Press, 1998. In Hungarian. A university textbook with selections from the work of Auerbach, Palmer, Ricoeur, Hirsch, Szondi, Frye, and Kermode. –  “The Literal Sense and the ‘Sensus Plenior’ Revisited.” In Literary Theory and Biblical Hermeneutics, ed. Tibor Fabiny (Proceedings of the International Conference on “Reading Scripture—Literary Criticism and Biblical Hermeneutics, Pannonhalma, Hungary, 4–6 July 1991.) Szeged, Hungary: Department of English, Attila József University, 1992. 156–68. Shows how Frye, among others, has helped to recapture the sense of the literal meaning in biblical interpretation. –  “Myth and Kerygma: Northrop Frye’s ‘Critique’ of Bultmann.” In The Sacred and the Profane: Contemporary Demands on Hermeneutics, ed. Jeffrey F. Keuss. Burlington: Ashgate, 2003. 89–100. –  “Northrop Frye: Kettős Tükör” [Northrop Frye: Double Mirror]. ÚjNautilus (25 December 2012). In Hungarian. http://ujnautilus.info/northrop-frye-kettos-tukor. –  “Northrop Frye and Béla Hamvas.” In Northrop Frye 100: A Danubian Perspective, Sára Tóth, Tibor Fabiny, János Kenyeres, and Péter Pásztor. Budapest: KGRE– L’Harmattan, 2014. 186–96. On certain similarities between Frye and Hamvas, such as the motif of transparency and their attitudes towards established educational institutions. –  “Northrop Frye and the Rediscovery of Typology.” In The Lion and the Lamb: Figuralism and Fulfilment in the Bible, Art and Literature. London: Macmillan, 1991. 4–9. On Frye’s concept of typology, which is seen as theoretically significant because of Frye’s understanding of typology as a figure of speech and because of the typeantitype distinction he makes between the phases of revelation in the Bible. A revised version of The Lion and the Lamb appeared as Figura and Fulfillment: Typology in the Bible, Art and Literature. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2016. –  “Northrop Frye és a mítoszkritika” [Northrop Frye and Myth Criticism]. Helikon 34 (1988): 314–16. In Hungarian. Examines Frye’s creative contribution to twentiethcentury criticism, concentrating on the Anatomy and Frye’s books on Shakespeare.

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–  “Northrop Frye magyarul” [Northrop Frye—in Hungarian]. Idő nélküli világ. Supplement to vol. 9 of Harmadkor. Szeged, Hungary: József Attila University, 1988. 1–2. In Hungarian. Points to Frye’s significance as a critic and notes that this publication includes the first selection of Frye’s work in Hungarian. –  “A shakespeare-i tragédia és komédia komplementaritása” [Complementarity of Shakespeare’s Tragedy and Comedy]. Látó: Szépirodalmi folyóirat 5, no. 3 (March 1994). http://lato.adatbank.transindex. ro/?cid=1631. In Hungarian. Refers throughout to Frye’s Shakespearian criticism. –  “Transzparencia—egy közös gondolat Northrop Fryenál és Hamvas Bélánál” [Transparency Is Common to the Thought of Northrop Frye and Bela Hamvas]. In A nevezetes névtelen: 30 éve hunyt el Hamvas Béla, ed. Darabos Pál and Szathmári Botond. Budapest: Osiris: Hamvas Béla Kör, 1999. 49–62. In Hungarian. “I compare the thinking of two philosophers: Béla Hamvas, Hungarian, and Northrop Frye, Canadian. . . . I would like to magnify the recognition of thinkers far away from each other in space, who may not know anything about each other, while being concerned with the related aspects of the two biographies.” –  “Typology: Pros and Cons in Biblical Hermeneutics and Literary Criticism (from Leonhard Goppelt to Northrop Frye).” Revista de Filología Hispánica 25, no. 1 (2009): 138–52. A survey of various twentiethcentury theories of biblical typology in biblical hermeneutics and literary criticism, concluding with an overview of Frye’s multivalent use of the principle. –  “‘Veritas Filia Temporis’: The Iconography of Time and Truth and Shakespeare.” Acta Literaria Academiae Scientarum Hungaricae 26, nos. 1–2 (1984): 63–98 [88–9]. Fabre, Giorgio. “Freddo come Frye” [Cold as Frye]. l’Unita (27 May 1987). In Italian. Fabretti, Gherardo. “L’interpretazione della mimesis negli ultimi due decenni” [The Interpretation of Mimesis in the Last Two Decades]. Tesi online. https:// www.tesionline.it/v2/appunto-sub.jsp?p=40&id=527. In Italian. On Frye’s role in the interpretation and reassessment of mimesis during the past two decades. Considers Frye’s definitions of mythos, dianoia, and anagnorisis. Fagan, Edward R. Science and English: A Rapprochement through Literature. Champaign, IL: National Council of Teachers of English, 1965. Presents three views of literature as a bond between science and English, the first of which is the view that the sciences are

contributing to the restructuring of literary forms, illustrated by quotations from Nigel Dennis, Northrop Frye, Stephen Spender, Ken Kesey, and Claude Mauriac. Falconer, Delia. “A Woman’s Destiny at the End of Days.” The Age [Melbourne] (11 February 2017). Review of Transit, by Rachel Cusk. Cusk makes use “of the littleknown ‘anatomy’ form identified by literary theorist Northrop Frye. The anatomy’s energy comes not from plot but the obsessive dissection of its subject; it is episodic, its sections opening like an advent calendar’s window onto variations on a theme.” Fallon, Stephen M. “The Equanimity of Influence: Milton and Wordsworth.” Connotations: A Journal for Critical Debate 26 (2016–17): 126–40. “Northrop Frye argued that ‘[l]iterature may have life, reality, experience, nature, imaginative truth, social conditions . . . for its content; but literature . . . is not made out of these things. Poetry can only be made out of other poems.” If, with some allowance for exaggeration, this is the case, it is especially true of epic, the most intensively self-reflexive genre. At least from the time that Vergil contained the Odyssey and Iliad in the two halves of his Aeneid, epic poets have competed with predecessors whom they seek to contain and surpass. In this essay I will address how Wordsworth makes his poetry out of Milton’s poetry, and particularly his Prelude out of Paradise Lost. . . . I will suggest that for Wordsworth, reading Milton’s poetry is a profoundly enabling condition for writing his own.” Falqueto Lemos, Adriana, Joana d’Arc Batista Herkenhoff, and Carlos Eduardo Ferreira da Cruz. “A violência e a tragédia em God of War” [Violence and Tragedy in God of War]. Revista Soletras 32 (July–December 2016): 105–18. In Portuguese. “The objective of the discussion brought about by this paper is to reflect on the ostensible presence of violence in the video game God of War (2005), by Sony, under the scope of literary criticism. Taking the studies of the tragic mode, developed by Northrop Frye in Anatomy of Criticism (1957), the study aims to highlight the presence of tragic elements in the game architecture and their implications for the production of meaning by the players.” (author’s abstract) Fan Yue Noo. “On the Feasibility of Archetypal Criticism beyond the Western Tradition.” Contemporary Writers Review 4 (2012). In Chinese. Farae, Nabil Awadh Yahya. “Transmittance of Alienation and Blissfulness in Childhood to Adulthood: A Study

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in the Light of Joyce Cary’s Selected Novels.” Language in India 17, no. 10 (October 2017): 175–81. Uses Jung, Freud, Joyce, and Frye to unravel the psychological answers to the problems of adulthood in Cary’s fiction. Farjeat, Luis Xavier López, and Romo, Vicente de Haro. “Cuadernos de Anuario Filosófico” [Philosophical Yearbook Notebooks]. Serie Universitaria 193 (2007): 5–79. In Spanish. In Critique de la critique (1984) Tzvetan Todorov develops what he calls dialogic criticism but only after he has rehearsed questions about poetic language raised by Frye and a host of other critics. Färnlöf, Hans. “La place du déplacement: Réflexions sur la dimension mythique du Colonel Chabert” [The Place of Displacement: Reflections on the Mythical Dimension of Colonel Chabert]. Australian Journal of French Studies 56, no. 3 (2019): 287–306. Draws throughout on the principles of Frye’s The Secular Scripture and Anatomy of Criticism. Farrington, Robert M. European Lyric Folkdrama. New York: Peter Lang, 2001. Relies on Frye’s mythopoeic theories throughout.

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Canadian scholar Northrop Frye’s book The Educated Imagination, where he distinguishes the way the sciences and the arts construct imagination from opposite ends. Frye suggests that science begins with the world as it is, and from a rational and intellectual approach science turns to imagination. On the other hand, “art begins with the world we construct, not with the world we see. It starts with the imagination, and then works towards ordinary experience.” Fazzini, Marco. “Geoffrey Hill: Un poeta in maschera ci parla d’amore” [A Masqued Poet Speaks to Us about Love]. Annali di Ca’ Foscari: Rivista della Facoltà di Lingue e Letterature Straniere dell’Università di Venezia 29, nos. 1–2 (1990): 117–31. In Italian. “In the analysis that Frye makes of the poetry of the western world from the Middle Ages to our days, he notes a framework of poetic symbolism built on four main levels. The vision of Logos, the conventional Paradise, occupies the first level, and immediately behind it is the vision or illusion of the existence of an earthly paradise or Garden of Eden towards which the soul tries to ascend.” Uses Frye’s levels of symbolism schema to interpret Hill’s poetry.

Farshi, Golnaz Sarkar. “Is a Dramatic Bakhtiyār-nāme Possible? Sketch of a Social Systems Theoretical Adaptation Methodology.” Interdisciplinary Literary Studies 20, no. 1 (2018): 103–27. “The abundant literature on adaptation theories and methods stops short of offering an abstract model which suits adaptation across all different literary modes and genres. Instead, they mostly cover the adaptation of one communication system to another, for example, literature to film. To close this gap, I rely on Niklas Luhmann’s social systems theory and his communication model as well as notions of medium and form. Coupling his theory with the literary theories of Northrop Frye and Mikhail Bakhtin, I not only revive these theories in a new context, but also propose a method for literary adaptation that serves adapting across different modes and genres within the subsystem of literature.” (author’s abstract)

F.D. “Macpherson, Jay.” In The Cambridge Guide to Women’s Writing in English, ed. Lorna Sage. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1999. 413. Macpherson’s work “is mythic and spare, influenced by William Blake, Robert Graves, and Northrop Frye.”

Faught, Brad. “A Feast of Thought: Northrop Frye.” University of Toronto Magazine (Spring 2002): 8. Biographical sketch of Frye and his career at the University of Toronto, on the occasion of honouring twenty University of Toronto thinkers who enlivened the world of ideas.

Feddern, Stefan. Der Antike Fiktionalitätsdiskurs. Berlin and Boston: Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2018. Brief commentary on Frye’s and Hayden White’s theory of emplotments.

Favaro, Paola, and Cyrus Manasseh. Connecting Disciplines and Tracing an Educated Imagination: Biennale of Sydney Pavilions Design Summer Studio. Sydney: University of New South Wales, 2010. “The term ‘educated imagination’ is borrowed from the

Fear, Rhona, and Ray Woolfe. “The Personal and Professional Development of the Counsellor: The Relationship between Personal Philosophy and Theoretical Orientation.” Counselling Psychology Quarterly 12, no. 3 (September 1999): 253–62. “The notion of a vision of reality is an old one; present in Greek literature and in recent times it has been developed in the service of literary criticism, most significantly by Northrop Frye. Frye identifies four visions of reality, in each of which a particular structure is present but a different drama is enacted. Each vision involves the hero or heroine in a journey or quest.”

Feder, Herbert. “Northrop Frye’s Aestheticism and Moral Development.” Interchange 11, no. 1 (1980–1): 76–90. Argues that in spite of Frye’s aestheticism and his rejection of value judgments in criticism, his work does have a moral and religious dimension, and that “there is in Frye a veiled didacticism which, because it is concerned with such ‘extra-literary’ questions as truth

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values, religious vision, and morality, makes the critic an important figure when one considers the place of literature in moral development and moral education.” Feder, Avraham. “The Torah Belongs to All of Us.” Jerusalem Post (25 December 2001): O8. “Both ideological schools of thought [Orthodox and Conservative] could learn some low-key subtlety and humility from two Bible students who are not identified as either Orthodox or Conservative, the late gentile professor of literature Northrop Frye and the secular Israeli essayist and translator Hillel Halkin. Frye said: Whatever in the Bible is historically accurate is not there because it is historically accurate, but for reasons that would make inaccurate history equally acceptable. Halkin has said that the Bible, if read as literature, is unique in its ability to evoke in us the illusion that it is not an illusion. One doesn’t have to agree with Frye or Halkin. But their insights illuminate the ever-elusive splendor of the Torah in a way which ideologically motivated warriors too often miss. As to a possible counter-argument that both Frye and Halkin are treating the Bible as only literature, let it be understood that whatever one considers the Bible to be, it is literature.” Feder, Lilian. “Myth, Poetry, and Critical Theory.” In Literary Criticism and Myth (Yearbook of Comparative Criticism, vol. 9), ed. Joseph P. Strelka. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1980. 51–71 [53–5]. Rpt. in Theories of Myth: Literary Criticism and Myth, ed. Robert A. Segal. New York: Garland, 1996. 79–99. An evaluation of Frye’s contribution to archetypal criticism. Judges Frye to be most fruitful when his insights “grow out of the familiar attributes of the gods and heroic figures and the narrative contents of traditional myths,” but finds that his theory of the monomyth obscures more than it elucidates. Fedorushkov, Edyta. “‘Метабола’ эпштейна и ‘метаметафора’ кедрова как поэтикохудожественная ревизия метафоры: о двух главных понятиях метареализма” [Epstein’s ‘Metabole’ and Kedrov’s ‘Metametaphor’ as a Poetic-Artistic Revision of Metaphor: About Two Key Terms of Metarealism]. Acta Universitatis Lodziensis: Folia Litteraria Rossica 9 (2016): 9–21. In Russian. Points to Frye’s citing Onians’s Origins of European Thought in The Great Code, which Frye uses to illustrate the concreteness of language in its mythical phase. Fee, Margery. “Criticism (Canada).” In Encyclopedia of Post-Colonial Literatures in English. London: Routledge, 1994. On the role played by Frye’s notion of

the “garrison mentality” in the criticism of Canadian literature. –  “Predators and Gardens.” Canadian Literature 197 (Summer 2008): 6–9. “Northrop Frye’s use of Margaret Atwood’s phrase “the bush garden” from The Journals of Susanna Moodie as both a title for his first collection of critical essays about Canadian literature and a reference to ‘the Canadian sensibility’ is highly resonant. If read one way, it places Canadians between forest and city, ascribing to them a special relationship to the wilderness despite Canada’s high level of urbanization. And, as does Locke, it connects garden, settler, and property rights. This is a colonial move, in a tradition that is only now becoming visible to its makers, mainly because of the work of Aboriginal scholars who see things differently. Linda Hutcheon reads Frye as seeing ‘the colonial mentality that had exploited the Native peoples of Canada’ as ‘also responsible for exploiting the land upon which they had first lived.’” –  “Retrieving the Canadian Critical Tradition as Poetry: Eli Mandel and Northrop Frye.” Essays on Canadian Writing 45–6 (Winter–Spring 1991–2): 235–53. Rpt. in Northrop Frye’s Canadian Literary Criticism and Its Influence, ed. Branko Gorjup. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009. 184–202. Eli Mandel’s views concerning poetry, literary criticism, and the Canadian critical tradition often conflict with those of Frye. They disagree about the fundamental relation between literature and criticism. Frye considers literary verbal structures to be the subject of critical study where criticism is as distinct from literature as geology from rocks. Mandel denies this distinction. His “savage criticism” does not allow the critic to step outside the literary endeavour. –  and Janice McAlpine. Guide to Canadian English Usage. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1997. “Canadian English is a variety of English in its own right, with its own distinctive mix of features. Yet in the past Canadians wanting to find out about their language have often had to choose between British and American guides. The Guide to Canadian English Usage offers an alternative based on what Canadian writers (among them Margaret Atwood, Pierre Berton, Northrop Frye, Janice Kulyk Keefer, Robert Kroetsch, and Miriam Waddington) actually do.” Fehskens, Erin M. “The Epic Hero in Wilson Harris’s Palace of the Peacock.” Journal of Modern Literature 41, no. 4 (Summer 2018): 90–106. “Thomas Carlyle’s nineteenth century writing on the hero marks for many, including Miller, the advent of hero studies in the modern era. He is followed by a cast of iconoclastic

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scholars in the twentieth century, invested in making sweeping and comprehensive typologies of the hero in ‘world literature’ (which tends to be glossed as European, with the occasional mention of the Indian epic, The Mahabharata). See Joseph Campbell’s Hero with a Thousand Faces and Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism for well-known examples.” Fejes, János. “Strangers of Popular Culture—The Verbal and Pictorial Aesthetics of Mythological Metal Music.” Acta Universitatis Sapientiae Communicatio 4, no. 1 (2017): 37–60. “For my research, I will use three main threads: 1) history of religion (looking for the connections of the reception of ancient topics in contemporary society, e.g. New Age Cults and New Religious Movements); 2) reception theory, as the thoughts of Northrop Frye, Wolfgang Iser, and John Fiske—all should help to understand the general processes behind reading and producing texts; 3) subculture studies.” (author’s abstract) Fekete, John A. “Modernity in the Literary Institution: Strategic Anti-Foundational Moves.” In The Structural Allegory: Reconstructive Encounters with the New French Thought, ed. John Fekete. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1984. 228–47 [230, 238–9]. Considers briefly the place Frye’s work has occupied in North American criticism over the past several decades. Frye’s emphasis on conventional literary patterns has helped reorient criticism away from the pole of subjectivity and toward the interrelations of literature and other verbal disciplines. At the same time, Frye’s idealism became isolated from critical theory and method, and it legitimized the formalism of the New Critics. –  “Northrop Frye: A Critical Theory of Capitulation.” In The Critical Twilight: Explorations in Ideology of Anglo-American Literary Theory from Eliot to McLuhan. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1977. 107–31. A slightly expanded version the following entry. –  “Northrop Frye: Parameters of Mythological Structuralism.” Telos 27 (Spring 1976): 40–60. A Marxist critique of Frye’s work, which intends to show that “Frye’s theory embodies aesthetic capitulation to the commotive forms of domination” and that “it proposes a view of culture structurally articulated to preclude radical historical praxis.” Felce, Ian. “‘The Lovers of Gudrun’ and the Crisis of the Grail Quest.” In William Morris and the Icelandic Sagas. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK: Boydell and Brewer, 2018. “Northrop Frye argued against Morris’s use of romance being regarded as ‘an escape from his social attitude,’ later emphasising the genre’s capacity as a narrative

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of revolution in which it is ‘much more frequently the individual, the hero or heroine, who has the vision of liberation, and the society they are involved with that wants to remain in a blind and gigantic darkness.’” Felch, Susan M. “Secular and Post-secular in China and the West: A Response to Ping-cheung Lo.” Christianity & Literature 68, no. 1 (December 2018): 68–73. “Lo suggests that the ‘development of a literary-theological mind’ in China, particularly as pioneered by Yang, can be understood as a ‘microcosm for understanding the macrocosm of society at that time’—a society that wished to rejuvenate itself in a post-Mao era by looking to the resources of Western civilization and its Christian worldview. However, it was not the strictly theological that Yang found useful in Christian thought—that is, it was not the doctrine of God and certainly not the doctrine of the Incarnation, Christianity’s unique contribution to language about God, that shaped his literary method. (Hence Lo’s footnote on Yang’s exclusion of Christo-centric language from his utilization of Northrop Frye, whose work Yang much admired.)” Feldman, Lada Čale. “Science, Space, Time: Contours of (Croatian) Literary Anthropology.” Narodna umjetnost—Hrvatski časopis za etnologiju i folkloristiku 1 (2002): 75–96. “Insofar . . . as Frye’s work is noted at all by practitioners of cultural studies, it is an example of fallacious or misguided (insofar as they are ahistorical) ideologies.” Fell, John L. “Storytelling & Mythmaking.” Film Quarterly 33, no. 4 (Summer 1980): 36–7. Review of Frank McConnell’s Storytelling & Mythmaking. “McConnell adapts a design of archetypal criticism enunciated by Northrop Frye (the lawgiver) in Anatomy of Criticism, but where Frye posited a seasonal, mythic quaternary [Comedy (Spring), Romance (Summer), Tragedy (Fall), Satire (Winter)], McConnell turns to Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s The Social Contract. Rousseau establishes four sets of relationships between individual and state, and from this series of covenants, Storytelling & Mythmaking extrapolates a cyclic succession of structural patterns, each defining a dimension of civic order.” Felperin, Howard. “Romance and Romanticism.” Critical Inquiry 6 (Summer 1980): 691–706. Rpt. as “The Uses of the Canon: Elizabethan Literature and Contemporary Theory.” In Romance and Romanticism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992. Outlines Frye’s theory of romance and romanticism and then argues that The Tempest cannot be read as a naive romance in Frye’s sense; rather, it shows an ironic sophistication in relation to romance, which is what makes it modern.

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–  “Romance and Romanticism: Some Reflections on The Tempest and Heart of Darkness, Or When Is Romance No Longer Romance?” In Shakespeare’s Romances Reconsidered, ed. Carol McGinnis Kay and Henry E. Jacobs. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1978. 60– 76 [61–4, 68–9]. Summarizes Frye’s views on romance and romanticism, the former being a displacement “from the original unity of a putative mythic source.” Believes Frye’s idea that romance tries to recapture the “pristine mythic shape” does not properly account for the problematic and ironic view of romance we find in such plays as Shakespeare’s The Tempest. –  Shakespearean Romance. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University, Press 1972. 314–16. Calls Frye the Prospero of modern students of romance and “the foremost theorist of the romantic imagination since Coleridge.” Summarizes Frye’s approach to Shakespearean comedy and romance: his view from the “middle distance,” his grouping of the plays, and his understanding of displacement. Says that Frye abandons the problem of history, that his view of Shakespearean romance has “a regressive and primitivist cast,” and that he retreats “into an insulated and synchronic world of myth,” thus neglecting questions of mimesis, truth, and nature. Feltracco, Daniela. “Northrop Frye and the Neural Theory of Metaphor.” In Northrop Frye 100: A Danubian Perspective, ed. Sára Tóth, Tibor Fabiny, János Kenyeres, and Péter Pásztor. Budapest: KGRE–L’Harmattan, 2014. 103–6. On Frye’s theory of metaphor and its relation to such neural theories as those of George Lakoff. –  “Northrop Frye e la critica archetipica” [Northrop Frye and Archetypal Criticism]. Paper presented at the interdisciplinary seminar La Comparazione una e Plurima, held at the Centro Internazionale sul Plurilinguismo, Udine, Italy, 22 April 2002. In Italian. Fendt, Gene. “Aristotle and Tolkien: An Essay in Comparative Poetics.” Christian Scholar’s Review 49, no. 1 (Fall 2019): 63–82. The difference between Tolkien and Aristotle’s idea of catharsis “is probably due to Tolkien thinking of his own works, which are, as Northrop Frye would say, on the high levels of myth and romance, where characters have greater than human, even godlike powers, and the world itself is embued with a kind of magic-talking trees, for instance. This is a different kind of arresting strangeness than that available in Aristophanes—or even in those tragedies where the gods appear (again, perhaps precisely because, as Tolkien said, they do appear). His own mythopoeic works provide a greater and more continuing intensification of ‘arresting strangeness’ than can be carried out on stage, or in what Frye calls the lower mimetic and ironic

modes of any art form. So, perhaps the slightness of the connection between dramatic catharsis and the arresting strangeness of Fantasy is further evidence of Tolkien’s point that ‘Drama is naturally hostile to Fantasy,’ though what Frye called the low mimetic and ironic modes (such as those endemic to our present age—where such fantastic things can appear only as jokes or puerilities— are also hostile to Fantasy).” Fennell, William O. “Theology and Frye: Some Implications of The Great Code.” Toronto Journal of Theology 1 (Spring 1985): 113–21. Thinks that Frye makes too radical a separation between the language of the Bible and faith and that it is better to see a dialectical relationship “between a myth’s visionary insight and linguistic power to convey meaning, on the one hand, and faith’s understanding of reality on the other.” Sets against Frye’s “spiritualizing” and “idealizing” of the Bible a more realistic and historical kind of understanding. Cannot accept Frye’s identifying God with the literal words of Scripture, and finds his interpretation of the phases of revelation to be essentially secular. Fens, Kees. “Het eerste en het laatste woord: (Artikel over lezen en poëzie n.a.v. Northrop Frye)” [The First and the Last Word: Article about Reading according to Northrop Frye]. Volkskrant (31 August 1990). In Dutch. On the reading of poetry according to Frye’s view. Ferenčuhová, Mária. “Metaphor, Metonymy and Metalepsis: Three Tropes in Contemporary Slovak Documentary.” Images: The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication 24 (2014): 27–40. Cooking History by Peter Kerekes “is not a traditional historical documentary. Its poetic structure refers to Northrop Frye’s thesis in his book New Directions from Old, where Frye states that writing history can be similar to writing poetry. . . . The metaphorical conception of Cooking History is also close to the conception of Hayden White’s Metahistory. White perceives historical writing in terms of tropological pre-figuring. It means the historian accedes to the past with a kind of tropological preconception. S/he chooses not only the predominant trope but also a genre that is determined by the trope. White relates metaphor to romance, metonymy to tragedy, synecdoche to comedy, and irony to satire.” Férez Mora, Pedro Antonio. “Hamlet: The Advent of Modernity.” Cartaphilus: Revista de Investigación y Crítica Estética 10 (2012): 45–54. Calls on Frye’s view of the tragic and ironic heroes, as these are defined in the theory of modes in Anatomy of Criticism.

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Ferguson, Will. “On the Road with Will.” Maclean’s (24 October 2004): 52–3. “Northrop Frye once noted that what set Canada apart in the western hemisphere was our lack of a distinguishable frontier—a line that advanced purposefully across the map like an isobar separating one world from another, with ‘settlement’ on one side and ‘vanishing wilderness’ on the other. In this, our experiences diverged drastically from those of the United States. The American ‘frontier thesis’—a heavily symbolic narrative of progress and order steamrolling over the chaos of an untamed land—may be historically suspect, but its psychological impact on American society cannot be underestimated. . . . The effect upon the Canadian psyche, Frye argued, was something he famously called the garrison mentality: a sense of dread and loneliness bred into us from cowering behind palisaded walls, far from ‘home’ in a land as savage as it was indifferent. The existential heebie-jeebies, as it were. (Our obsessive love of enclosed shopping malls can be seen as a continuation of this nervous tic, though personally I blame the weather.) But garrison is too dark a word. ‘Garrison’ suggests gnawing despair and impending attack. I prefer the term ‘outpost,’ because it includes a wider range of possibilities.” Ferlo, Roger. “Poetry and the Religious Imagination: The Power of the Word.” Anglican Theological Review 98, no. 3 (Summer 2016): 588–9. A review of Poetry and the Religious Imagination: The Power of the Word, ed. Francesca Bugliani Knox and David Lonsdale. “Two helpful introductory essays (by Michael Kirwan and Georg Langenhorst) map out the theoretical ground connecting theological reflection and poetic practice— beginning with literary thinkers attuned to biblical and theological categories (Northrop Frye, Frank Kermode, George Steiner) and following up with theologians sympathetic to—even formed by—the play of the poetic imagination (John Henry Newman, Hans Urs von Balthasar, Paul Tillich, Karl Rahner, and the lesserknown Karl-Josef Kuschel).” Fernández, Charlie Jorge. “The Terrible Mother Archetype in James Joyce’s “The Boarding House” and Charles Maturin’s Melmoth the Wanderer.” In Joyce’s Heirs: Joyce’s Imprint on Recent Global Literatures, ed. Margarita Estevez-Saa. Bilbao: Universidad del País Vasco, 2019. 56–72. Fernández, Juan J. Lanero. “De pretensiones y fracasos: La interpretación poética de la Biblia. [Of Pretensions and Failures: The Poetic Interpretation of the Bible]. Estudios Humanísticos: Filología 27 (2005). In Spanish. Focuses on the biblical hermeneutics of Frye, with the purpose of making a literary interpretation of the Bible, as opposed

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to the theological one. Seeks to discover why a poet reads the biblical texts. Fernández Merino, Mireya. “El juego de miradas en Ancho mar de los Sargazos” [The Game of Gazes in the Wide Sargasso Sea]. Caribe: Revista de Cultura y Literatura 3, no. 1 (Summer 2000): 69–84. In Spanish. “In Anatomy of Criticism, Northop Frye emphasizes precisely the character of similarity and difference that the great works of literature hold among themselves. There is an inheritance of that language that resembles and differs from the general language. Such kinship is like a family tree in which new, old and future works can find their mark, because, like the human being, each work keeps with the rest a set of features that make it a literary work and, at the same time, elements that allow it to distinguish itself from the others and provide it with its particular features. They are the mythos, the symbols, those archetypal features that speak of the social character of literature, reflecting from the reality of fiction the recreation of a world, that of the human being and its history. From this perspective, the literary work oscillates between the similarity of that narration as mythos, and the desire that gives it its own form and expression. The work approaches itself and simultaneously to others. Fernández Sosa, Luis F. “Northrop Frye y unos poemas anagógicos de Lezama Lima” [Northrop Frye and Some Anagogic Poems of Lezama Lima]. Hispania 61 (December 1978): 877–87. In Spanish. Looks at Lima’s poetry from the perspective of the transvaluation implicit in Frye’s concept of anagogic vision. Fernández-Caparrós, Ana. “Death and the Community of Comic Romance: Sarah Ruhl’s Poetics of Transformation in Dead Man’s Cell Phone.” Contemporary Theatre Review 25, no. 4 (2015): 488–501. “In the second part of my analysis [of Sarah Ruhl’s play] I draw on Northrop Frye’s literary formalism to underscore how the re-imagining of genre conventions is used to respond to the contemporary meditation on mortality.” Ferrada, Susana. “Amor de don Perlimplín con Belisa en su jardín: Una obra teatral satírica” [Lorca’s The Love of Don Perlimplín and Belisa in the Garden: A Satirical Play]. Dicenda 33 (2015): 113–32. In Spanish. According to Frye, “Two things are essential to the satire; one is wit or humor founded in fantasy or a sense of the grotesque or absurd, the other is an object of attack. Attack without humor, or pure denunciation, forms one of the boundaries of satire.”

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Ferrara, Mark S. “Blake’s Jerusalem as Perennial Utopia.” Utopian Studies 22, no. 1 (2011): 19–33. “Kathleen Raine suggests that Blake . . . knew ‘some of the Proceedings of the Calcutta Society of Bengal.’ Perhaps more surprising than the influence of Hinduism on Blake is the suggestion that his ‘poems and proverbs may be better understood in terms of the logic, epistemology, and teaching methods of Zen Buddhism.’ While such assertions lack the historical support that proponents of the Hindu influence on Blake’s work enjoy, it was Northrop Frye who in 1961 first made the astonishing claim that terms from Blake and Mahayana Buddhism could be used interchangeably.” Ferré, Vincent. “Le chevauchement des genres dans l’œuvre littéraire.” [The Overlapping of Genres in the Literary Work]. Fabula (28 February 2015). In French. Ferreira, Luciana. “A recriação mítica do mundo e o mito da primavera” [The Mythical Recreation of the World and the Myth of Spring]. Revista Eventos Pedagógicos 3, no. 1 (2012). In Portuguese. For her research on the mythical foundations in Marina Colasanti’s A Mulher Ramada, Ferreira draws on the theories of myth in the works of Frye and Mircea Eliade, among others. Ferreira, Sandra. Da estátua à pedra: Percursos figurativos de José Saramago [From Statue to Stone: Figurative Paths of José Saramago]. São Paulo: Editora UNESP, 2014. In Portuguese. Three of Frye’s books translated into Portuguese are appealed to throughout: Anatomia da crítica; O caminho crítico; and Fábulas de identidade. Ferrer, Kyle. “Literature Aestheticizes Existence in a Positive Way.” Old Gold & Black [Wake Forest University Student Paper] (23 October 2019). “‘We can’t speak or think or comprehend even our own experience except within the limits of our own power over words, and those limits have been established for us by our great writers,’ Northrop Frye tells us. Literature exposes us to those limits, and proceeds to stretch aesthetic standards into personally transformative experience.” Feshbach, Sidney. “The Structural Modes of Wallace Stevens’ ‘The Noble Rider and the Sounds of Words.’” Wallace Stevens Journal 28, no. 1 (Spring 2004): 81–100. Looks at parallels between Stevens’s “The Noble Rider and the Sounds of Words” and Frye’s theory of modes in the Anatomy. Fetz, Marcelo. “Negotiating Boundaries: Encyclopédie, Romanticism, and the Construction of Science.” História, Ciências, Saúde–Manguinhos 24, no. 3 (July– September 2017): 645–63. Glances at the romantic conception of science as understood by Frye.

Feuer, Jane. “Genre Study and Television.” In Channels of Discourse, Reassembled: Television and Contemporary Criticism, ed. Robert C. Allen. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, 1992. Examines the question of whether or not television sitcoms fit Frye’s definition of “new comedy.” Feuer, Menachem. “Almost Friends: Post-Holocaust Comedy, Tragedy, and Friendship in Jonathan Safran Foer’s Everything Is Illuminated.” Shofar 25, no. 2 (Winter 2007): 24–48. “Foer’s novel begins with a contemporary blend of the comic mode and one of its derivations, the quest Romance. According to Northrop Frye, the comic mode often presents a hero who is pitted against a villain or antagonist; in the end, the villain is either banished or transformed by the actions of the hero. The quest Romance draws on this mode, but it commonly includes the hero, his antagonist, and others, who travel to find a lost object and who, in the process, transform the land, which has become depleted, back to its original splendor. . . . [The] restoration of community is the goal of many such quest Romances: in fact, Northrop Frye sees this as their major feature.” Feuerhahn, Niels. “Narrative, Identity, and the Disunity of Life.” Philosophy and Literature 40, no. 2 (October 2016): 526–48. Refers to Frye’s distinction between grasping the whole in life rather than the whole of it. Ficová, Sylva. “HIMNF or How I Met Northrop Frye.” Intralingo (7 December 2011). http://intralingo.com/ himnf-or-how-i-met-northrop-frye/?comment=show. On Ficová’s coming to Frye by way of her interest in Blake. –  “Northrop Frye in Czech.” In Canada in Eight Tongues: Translating Canada in Central Europe, ed. Katalin Kürtösi. Brno: Masaryk University, 2012. –“Northrop Frye, William Blake and the Art of Translation.” In Northrop Frye 100: A Danubian Perspective, ed. Sára Tóth, Tibor Fabiny, János Kenyeres, and Péter Pásztor. Budapest: KGRE–L’Harmattan, 2014. 269–71. On the importance of Frye’s work for the translation profession and how it influenced her own translations of Anatomy of Criticism and Blake’s Marriage of Heaven and Hell. Fiddes, Paul. “The End Discloses a Desired World: Northrop Frye.” In The Promised End: Eschatology in Theology and Literature. London: Blackwell, 2000. 15–23. Analyses modern and postmodern theorists Frank Kermode, Northrop Frye, Jacques Derrida, and Paul Ricoeur to enrich the emerging dialogue between theology and literature. What these theorists have in common is a growing awareness that all narrative is

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to some degree eschatological. To approach a literary text eschatologically means to consider whether and to what extent the narrative ending organizes the whole (Kermode); expresses a desired world (Frye); disperses, defers, or unravels meaning (Derrida); or opens up hope (Ricoeur). –  Freedom and Limit: A Dialogue between Literature and Christian Doctrine. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 1999. Rejects Frye’s assertion that the U-shaped curve is the basic narrative pattern of the Bible. Fiegel, Michael Leon, Jr. “Cyperpunk e la Teoria della Letteratura di Frye” [Cyberpunk and Frye’s Theory of Literature]. Part 2 of Il cyperpunk: E il nuovo mito. http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=it& u=http://www.intercom.publinet.it/1999/mito4.html& prev=/search%3Fq%3D%2522cyberpunk%2Be% 2Bla%2Bteoria%2522%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D% 26sa %3DG. In Italian. An extended account of how Frye’s theory of modes can help us understand the movement of cyberpunk from irony to myth. “One of the most definitive ways to look at the progression of literary types through history is the model proposed by Northrop Frye in Anatomy of Criticism. One of the foci of Frye’s theory is the presence and movement of myth in various types of readings. Frye looks at the main character (usually, but not always the hero) in these different literary types, giving them a name as he proceeds. The types of characters are then described according to the different degree of power and ability. Since myth is what we are looking for in cyberpunk, we should see exactly what kind of myth and what type of character we are dealing with in cyberpunk literature. What if we find out that according to Frye’s theories, a cyberpunk protagonist is an anti-hero and that the mythology we see in cyberpunk literature is part of the ironic phase? If this were the case, then cyberpunk would represent little more than isolation and despair in a world of dead gods; this is precisely what many critics have said, and precisely what I disagree with. To prove that cyberpunk leads to a new myth, you must first show exactly what cyberpunk is not. The outline of literature that Frye traces in Anatomy of Criticism demonstrates this very explicitly. Before dividing literature into categories, Frye differentiates between the narrative types of comedy and tragedy. Differentiation is the key to placing cyberpunk narrative in the scheme of things.” Fields, Dana. “The Reflections of Satire: Lucian and Peregrinus.” Transactions of the American Philological Association 143, no. 1 (Spring 2013): 213–45. “Northrop Frye has suggested that the function of satire is to shake us out of our comfortable preconceptions; a careful,

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reflective reading of this work [The Death of Peregrinus] can find just such a disruptive force acting upon our complacent views of the world and ourselves. Findlay, L.M. “The Divine Legation of Northrop Frye.” English Studies in Canada 19 (June 1993): 161–78. An extended review essay of Frye’s biography (Ayre), interviews (A World in a Grain of Sand), his reprinted essays (Myth and Metaphor and The Eternal Act of Creation), reviews and occasional pieces (Reading the World), two books on his work (Hamilton, Balfour), and Words with Power. “The Canadian Moses offers a version of the Canadian mosaic which may be naive, outdated, and ominously Euro-centric, but at least Frye faces up to the challenge of finding a language and story that will work for consensus and effective collectivity and against the self-regarding argot of the bourgeoisie academic vanguard. . . . The human race can dominate, violate, disfigure, destroy. The fact that that is not all it can do was the heart of Frye’s divine legation.” –  “Frye’s Shakespeare, Frye’s Canada.” In Shakespeare in Canada: “A World Elsewhere?,” ed. Diana Brydon and Irena R. Makaryk. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000. 292–308. Offers a Marxist critique of the politics of Frye’s readings of both Shakespeare and nation, seeking thereby to open a space for “educational and political activism.” Finholt, Richard. “Northrop Frye’s Theory of Countervailing Tendencies: A New Look at the Mode and Myth Essays.” Genre 13 (Summer 1980): 203–57. Sees the chief principle in the first two essays of Anatomy of Criticism to be the tension created by the tendency in literature to move in two directions, towards desire and the ideal world of myth and towards reality and the world of plausibility. Argues that the “plausibility tendency” in literature underlies the theory of modes and that the “mythic tendency” underlies the theory of myths. Presents a revised form of the theory of modes, which is used to outline “the inner logic of the mythic cycle.” Seeks in the process to clarify some of Frye’s terms and treats some of the implications of his two theories, especially those related to a theory of reading. Fisch, Harold. A Remembered Future: A Study in Literary Mythology. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984. 1–3 and passim. Sets his own view of historical archetypes in opposition to Frye’s. Claims that for Frye “literary structure is spatial rather than temporal.” Fischer, Joachim. Review of A Fresh Light on Utopia, by Károly Pintér. Hungarian Journal of English and American Studies 19, no. 1 (Spring 2013): 173–6.

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“Northrop Frye, Robert C. Elliott, Michael Holquist and Johan Huizinga’s concept of the homo ludens provide the theoretical foundations for the ludic aspect of his theory of literary utopias.” Fischer, Lucy. “Xala: A Study in Black Humor.” Millennium Film Journal 7–9 (Fall 1980–1): 165–72. “Instead of the multiple weddings that Frye finds typical of the resolution of Western comedies (e.g., the quadruple marriage that ends As You Like It), the Muslim tradition of polygamy allows Sembene a variation on that model by incorporating all the marriages into one character’s experience. According to historians, classical comedy grew out of ancient fertility rites, hence the practice of comic actors in the time of Aristophanes wearing oversized phalluses as part of their costume. In Sembene’s film, however, the comic hero is stricken with impotence, or ‘xala,’ on the night of his marriage.” Fischer, Michael. Does Deconstruction Make Any Difference? Poststructuralism and the Defense of Literature in Modern Criticism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985. One chapter devoted to the justification of literary criticism in Frye and Arnold. –  “Frye and the Politics of English Romanticism.” In Lee and Denham, Legacy, 222–9. Notes that many of the issues in dispute about literary theory are centred in values that Frye himself affirmed—freedom, diversity, democratic openness. Frye is able to examine his beliefs while affirming them. –  “The Imagination as a Sanction of Value: Northrop Frye and the Uses of Literature.” Centennial Review 21 (Spring 1977): 105–17. Extensively rev. version of “The Imagination as a Sanction of Value: Northrop Frye and the Usefulness of Literature,” in Fischer, Does Deconstruction Make Any Difference? Poststructuralism and the Defense of Poetry in Modern Criticism. See two entries immediately above. Studies Frye’s understanding of the importance of literature to life. “Frye’s attempt to vindicate the usefulness of literature without at the same time arguing for its truth marks the attenuation as well as the continuation of [the] Romantic viewpoint . . . He ultimately answers arguments that minimize literature’s ethical and social value by removing any grounds which would permit a rational and objective discussion of such a question.” –  “The Legacy of English Romanticism: Northrop Frye and William Blake.” Blake: An Illustrated Quarterly 11, no. 4 (Spring 1978): 276–83. An extensive review essay which considers Frye’s writings from Fearful Symmetry (1947) through 1978.

–  “Revisiting Frye’s Defence of Poetry in Another Anxious Time.” Paper presented at Educating the Imagination: A Conference in Honour of Northrop Frye on the Centenary of His Birth. University of Toronto, 4–6 October 2013. –  Stanley Cavell and Literary Skepticism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989. 12–17. In examining the relations between Cavell’s scepticism and recent poststructuralist theory, glances at Frye’s new critical assumptions about the unity of the literary object. –  “Using Stanley Cavell.” Philosophy and Literature 32, no. 1 (April 2008): 198–204. Points to Frye’s observing the difficulty in Romanticism of incorporating a social theme with a theme of individual enlightenment. Cavell tried to make room for both. Fischer-Seidel, Therese. Mythenparodie im modernen englischen und amerikanischen Drama: Tradition und Kommunikation bei Tennessee Williams, Edward Albee, Samuel Beckett und Harold Pinter [Myth Parody in Modern English and American Drama: Tradition and Communication in Tennessee Williams, Edward Albee, Samuel Beckett, and Harold Pinter]. Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, 1986. In German. In interpreting works by Williams, Beckett, Albee, and Pinter, follows Frye’s definition of mythos as characterizing the function of the formal mythological elements in literature. –  “Archetypal Structures and Literature in Joyce’s Ulysses: Aristotle, Frye, and the Plot of Ulysses.” In Self-Reflexivity in Literature, ed. Werner Huber et al. Würzburg, Germany: Königshausen & Neumann, 2005. 87–98. Calls on two of Frye’s achievements for his commentary on Joyce’s novel—Frye’s antimimetic theory of literature and his turning away from psychological or mythical explanations for the origin of the mythoi. Fischler, Alan. ‘“It Proves That Aestheticism Ought to Be Discarded’: W.S. Gilbert and the Poets of Patience.” Nineteenth-Century Literature 66, no. 3 (December 2011): 355–82. Glances at the application of Frye’s theory of comedy to Gilbert and Sullivan’s Patience. Fishelov, David. “Poetic (In-)Justice in Comedy.” Connotations: A Journal for Critical Debate 25, no. 2 (2015–16): 175–97. “Despite the fact that we often express our response to comedy in the language of morality (‘he gets what he deserves’ ), there must be another factor responsible for shaping our judgement and evoking our enjoyment . . . this other factor, the source of our tilted moral judgements, as well as the source of the pleasure that we take in comedy’s happy

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ending, is that of a deep, archetypal emotion that favors lovers’ union and reproduction, or in Frye’s words: ‘We may call it the drama of the green world, its plot being assimilated to the ritual theme of the triumph of life and love over the waste land’; and the roots of this archetypal emotion lie in the Phallic songs and rituals from which comedy was born as a literary genre. When we take this archetypal emotion into consideration, we can explain not only the adjustments of our moral judgements while responding to comic plots but also the fact that romantic comedy seems to be the best survivor of all literary genres. Frye has neatly described comedy’s unusual endurance.” Fisher, Douglas. “When Northrop Frye Rained on Keith Davey’s Parade.” The Daily Graphic (Portage La Prairie, MB) (7 March 2002): 4–6. About a difference of opinion in 1949 between Fisher, editor of the student magazine at Victoria College, and Davey, president of the student body. When Davey proposed doing away with the literary magazine, Frye stepped in to veto the proposal. Fisher, Jason. “The Imaginative and the Imaginary: Northrop Frye and Tolkien.” Lingwë—Musings of a Fish. http://lingwe.blogspot.com/2008/12/imaginative-andimaginary-northrop-frye.html. Blog, with replies, on Frye and Tolkien. Fisher, Thomas. “Evolutionary Transformation.” Designing Our Way to a Better World. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2016. The debate over evolution versus intelligent design reveals “two very different ways in which humans have related to the natural world, at least in Western culture. As the literary critic Northrop Frye observes, ‘There have been two primary mythological constructions in Western culture. . . . [In the older mythology] Man was a subject confronting a nature set over against him. Both man and nature were creatures of God, and were united by that fact.’ Starting in the eighteenth century, the old mythology, Frye argues, found itself usurped by a new mythology rooted in science and technology and based on ‘the conviction that man had created his own civilization.’ Frye recognizes that ‘a major principle of the older mythology was the correspondence of human reason with the design and purpose in nature which it perceives.’” Fishley, Daniel. “God’s Absence as Textual Presence: The Radical (Literary) Theology of Northrop Frye.” Journal for Cultural and Religious Theory 18, no. 2 (Spring 2019): 193–201. “This study begins with a question. What is the status of the Biblical text for contemporary Radical theologians? To be more precise, what is the relationship between the textual artifacts that populate

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Christian and theological thought and the speculative assertions made by Radical theologians? It is my contention that Radical Theology as a discourse does not have a substantial account for what it is that the Bible does in their analysis. In this essay, I will both critique this absence, as well as offer a potential corrective via the literary theory of Northrop Frye. I do this not because Frye offers the best example of how Radical theologians should proceed. Instead, Frye provides an example of what it means to think through a text and what it means to correlate the textual world with the world itself.” Fiskevold, Marius, and Anne Katrine Geelmuyden. Arcadia Updated: Raising Landscape Awareness through Analytical Narratives. London: Routledge, 2018. “In order to be shareable among a group of people as well as conceivable by an individual, a landscape image must be proposed by the landscape analyst through a publicly uttered analytical narrative. This act of ‘educated imagination,’ in literary scholar Northrop Frye’s precise expression, is part and parcel of being able to present a visible and symbolic landscape to others.” Fisli, Éva. “Úrnő ír [Mistress Writes] (Margaret Atwood verseihez [poems]).” Holmi 4 (2008): 526–9. In Hungarian. The myth, according to Northrop Frye does not describe but includes a particular situation in such a way that it does not limit its significance to that situation. The truth is inside, not outside. Margaret Atwood, who was Frye’s student, overwrites the myth of Penelope in her poems. Fitch, John G. “Dualism and Duel-ism: Kant and the Separation of Poetry from ‘Pure’ Reason.” In The Poetry of Knowledge and the ‘Two Cultures. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018. Notes Frye’s commitment to the idea that the primary aim of the poet is to create a structure of words for its own sake. Fite, David. Harold Bloom: The Rhetoric of Romantic Vision. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1985. 15–17 and passim. Outlines Frye’s influence on the development of Bloom’s early theories of romanticism and comments on their differing views of the literary tradition: Frye sees it as an ideal order, Bloom as a competition. Fitzpatrick, Ryan, and Susan Rudy. “‘If everything is moving Where is here?’ Lisa Robertson’s Occasional Work on Cities, Space and Impermanence.” British Journal of Canadian Studies 26, no. 2 (2013): 173–89. “British geographer Doreen Massey challenges the notion that place is ‘some romance of a pre-given collective identity or of the eternity of the hills’ and suggests instead that it is the intersection point of

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multiple trajectories through space and time, from the quick movements of the weather to the geologic movements of mountains. Massey asks, quite explicitly, ‘if everything is moving Where is here?’ reminding us of the difficulty of assigning identity to a space that is constantly shifting and helpfully echoing both the organising question of our symposium at the British Library in September 2011—‘Where is here Now?’—and what Northrop Frye considered the key question of Canadian culture in the 1960s—‘Where is here?’ In so doing, Massey’s insistence on a shifting ‘here’ situates Frye’s concerns with geography in a contemporary frame and asserts the importance of temporality, inviting us to think about what happens to space in the face of impermanence. In the late twentieth-century work of Dutch architect Rem Koolhaas, the notion of impermanence was linked to urban space where, as those of us who live in big cities know, things are moving all the time. Where, in the urban contexts that shape literary studies in the twenty-first century, is here? And is ‘here’ anywhere else?” Flanagan, Joseph. “Literary Criticism of the Bible.” In Trinification of the World: A Festschrift in Honor of Frederick E. Crowe, ed. Thomas A. Dunne and JeanMarie Laporte. Toronto: Regis College Press, 1978. 210– 40. Begins with a summary of the theories of modes, myths, genres, and symbols in Anatomy of Criticism. Seeks to show how the four theories interrelate by using them to interpret the Bible, concluding that Frye’s interpretive scheme “seems to offer a rich context for theological interpretations.” Fleck, Linda L. “From Metonymy to Metaphor: Paul Auster’s Leviathan.” Critique 39, no. 3 (Spring 1998): 258–70. Uses Frye’s theory of tragedy to interpret Auster’s novel. Fleming, Bruce. “Gertrude Stein, Facebook, and the NEFWG [Navy Evaluation and Fitness Reports].” Southwest Review 100, no. 2 (2015): 273–84. “Northrop Frye made the point decades ago that all literary works fit within a limited framework of seasons and the past: ‘new’ literature is merely recycling of old—a point central to literary theory in the turbulent 1970s and 1980s. There’s nothing new under the sun: not book plots, not phrases, not even with ideas—as Alfred North Whitehead suggested dispiritingly, Western philosophy is merely a series of footnotes to Plato.” Fleming, John G. “In Canada.” Senior Correspondent (4 February 2016). http://www.seniorcorrespondent. com/articles/2016/02/04/in-canada.1860314. “While I was in graduate school, a professor at Toronto named Northrop Frye was unofficially crowned the reigning

monarch of English language literary criticism. Frye was indeed an impressive and stimulating critic of literature, and he could teach you to see things in texts you hadn’t seen before, but I never was able to grasp the distinctively ‘Canadian’ character of his insights about the Bible or William Blake often claimed by his compatriots.” Fleming, John V. “Palinode.” In Luis de Camões: The Poet as Scriptural Exegete. Suffolk, UK: Boydell & Brewer, 2017. “We can say little with confidence about the ‘sincerity’ of conventional poetry altogether. How can a sonnet be a sincere vehicle of emotion, when the emotion is limited to a certain rhyme scheme and fourteen lines? Dr. Johnson famously impugned the sincerity of the grief expressed in Milton’s Lycidas on account of the elaborate pastoral conventionalism of the poem. ‘Where there is leisure for fiction there is little grief.’ But Northrop Frye, answering Johnson, defined as a fallacy ‘the confusion between personal sincerity and literary sincerity. . . . Personal sincerity has no place in literature, because personal sincerity as such is inarticulate. . . . If we ask what inspires a poet, there are always two answers. An occasion, an experience, an event, may inspire the impulse to write. But the impulse to write can only come from previous contact with literature, and the formal inspiration, the poetic structure that crystallizes around the new event, can only be derived from other poems.’” Fleming, W.G. “Contribution of Northrop Frye.” In Ontario’s Educative Society, vol. 3, Schools, Pupils, and Teachers. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1971. 23–5. Gives a brief summary of Frye’s views on the aims of education, drawn primarily from Frye’s “The Critical Discipline.” –  Ontario’s Educative Society, vol. 5, Supporting Institutions and Services. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1971. 179. Comments on Frye’s “distinctly antiprogressive ideas” as presented in his introduction to Design for Learning. Fletcher, Angus. Allegory: The Theory of a Symbolic Mode. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1964. Passim. A work that both depends on and expands Frye’s idea of allegory. Fletcher’s notes frequently provide commentary on some of Frye’s fundamental concepts. See index, 409. –  “Foreword.” In The Literature of Fact: Selected Papers from the English Institute, ed. Angus Fletcher. New York: Columbia University Press, 1976. vii–xxiv [xi–xii, xvi–xvii]. Summarizes Frye’s essay in this collection, “History and Myth in the Bible,” and points to the

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paradoxical implications in his reading of the Bible from the perspective of anagogy and revelation. –  “Frye and the Forms of Literary Theory.” In Lee and Denham, Legacy, 276–85. On Frye’s having identified in Anatomy of Criticism the “symbolic energy” of literature and on the inventive quality of Frye’s criticism, like that of Bach and Borges in their respective creations. –  “Northrop Frye: The Critical Passion.” Critical Inquiry 1 (June 1975): 741–56. Treats a number of diverse topics: Frye’s style, the function of “desire” in his criticism, his general theory of outline, the nature of the literary canon, and his conceptions of the archetype, history, and myths of freedom and concern. Also looks at the way Harold Bloom has “advanced upon Frye,” even though this advance is “in Frye’s direction.” Concludes by remarking on the absence of a developed phenomenology in Frye. –  “Utopian History and the Anatomy of Criticism.” In Northrop Frye in Modern Criticism (Selected Papers from the English Institute [1965]), ed. Murray Krieger. New York: Columbia University Press, 1966. 31–73. Partially rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism, vol. 24, ed. Sharon R. Gunton. Detroit: Gale Research, 1983. 219–22. Aims to counter the complaint of various critics who hold that there is an unresolved conflict between Frye’s theory of archetypes and the fluid texture of history. Shows that historical observations are basic to Anatomy of Criticism and that Frye employs a type of Utopian historiography to connect his visions of past and future. Suggests also that part of Frye’s power derives from his revitalizing the flow of romantic sensibility and vision that the post-Eliot critical tradition had slighted. Fletcher, John. “The Criticism of Comparison: The Approach through Comparative Literature and Intellectual History.” In Contemporary Criticism (Stratford-on-Avon Studies 12), ed. Malcolm Bradbury and David Palmer. London: Edward Arnold, 1970. 107– 29 [122–3]. Looks briefly at Frye’s work in the context of a general theory of literature. Remarks that Anatomy of Criticism “represents the best kind of comparatist criticism, ranging widely for its examples and illumining the known with a fresh dimension.” Fletcher, Joseph. “Leibniz, the Infinite, and Blake’s Early Metaphysics.” Studies in Romanticism 56, no. 2 (Summer 2017): 129–5. “Precedent for reading [Blake’s] No Natural Religion as an embrace of Berkeley and a rejection of Locke’s theory of knowledge and perception as presented in the Essay concerning Human Understanding was established by Northrop Frye, the

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first chapter of whose seminal Fearful Symmetry is entitled ‘The Case against Locke.’ Discussing Locke’s famous distinction between real, nonmental primary qualities of objects and merely perceived secondary qualities, Frye links Locke—and Newton—to a corpuscular or atomistic philosophy. In setting Blake in opposition to such metaphysics, Frye locates a precursor in Berkeley, whose principle of esse est percipi—to be is to be perceived—Frye finds to have ‘some points in common’ with Blake. Frye presents the tabula rasa version of Locke, for whom sight involves ‘an involuntary mind remains passive and receives impressions automatically.’ Contrasted to this account is Berkeley’s idealism, which denies the reality of objects outside the mind. On Frye’s reading, Blake’s tractates adopt elements of Berkeley’s thought to present a model of active perception and an immanently creative Poetic Genius. Kathleen Raine elaborates on Frye’s interpretation.” Fluck, Winifred. “‘The American Romance’ and the Changing Functions of the Imaginary.” New Literary History 27, no. 3 (1996): 415–57. Glances at Frye’s view of romance in The Secular Scripture. Fodor, Géza. “Termékeny rosszhiszeműs” [Creative Malice]. Holmi 3 (2004): 285–300. In Hungarian. Discusses Frye’s theory of the comic plot. Fonio, Filippo. “Des Divines Comédies de presque mil ans après: Le voyage dantesque comme dénonciation et forme de reésistance aux maux d’aujourd’hui” [Divine Comedies Almost a Thousand Years Later: The Dantesque Journey as a Denunciation and a Form of Resistance to the Evils of Today]. Perspectives médiévales 40 (2019). In French. The Divine Comedy almost competes with the Bible in the same structuring roles with respect to the Western imagination that Northrop Frye ascribed to both Testaments. Forchtner, Bernard. “Memory Goes On: Past, Legitimacy and Identity in the Making.” Review of The Sins of the Fathers, Germany, Memory, Method, by Jeffrey K. Olick. Archives Européennes de Sociologie 59, no. 3 (December 2018): 507–11. “As Olick is fundamentally concerned with narrative, Northrop Frye’s ‘narrative archetypes,’ which describe different modes in which stories can be emplotted, offer a further avenue for exploring the notion of ‘genre.’” –  Review of The Discourse Studies Reader: Main Currents in Theory and Analysis, ed. Johannes Angermuller, Dominique Maingueneau, and Ruth Wodak. Journal of Language & Politics 15, no. 6 (2016): 818–20. Thinks the volume would have been strengthened by having a

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much broader focus on narrative genres in the tradition of Frye and Hayden White. –  and Klaus Eder. “Europa erzählen: Strukturen Europäischer Identität” [Narrating Europe: Structures of European Identity]. In Europäische Identitätsforschung und Rechtspopulismusforschung im Dialog. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien, 2017. 79–100. In German. Identities are based on stories that describe and demarcate individual and collective narratives. Many confusing narratives are told about Europe. Instead of focusing on the content of such stories, the contributors to this volume look at the archetypal narrative forms of these stories and the emotional structures they convey. Forchtner and Eder draw heavily on Frye’s narrative theory, especially his view of the four mythoi. Forget, André. “Where We Are: The Place of ‘Place’ in Contemporary Canadian Writing.” The Town Crier (2 March 2015). http://towncrier.puritan-magazine.com/ debate/northrop-frye/. “Perhaps no one contributed as much to the creation of ‘Canadian literature’ as a field of study, and perhaps no one was as fascinated by the role that place played in Canadian literature as Northrop Frye. In one of the most famous pronouncements on Canadian literature, his 1965 “Conclusion to a Literary History of Canada,” Northrop Frye suggested that Canadian writing and the Canadian literary imagination have been fundamentally shaped by the nation’s landscape. There is the distance between populated centres, the political and social realities of colonialism, the fact that Canada was, for a long time, viewed largely as an inconvenient expanse of trees and rocks standing between Europe and trade with the far east (consider that two of our great epic themes—the railroad and the northwest passage—are about trying to find more convenient ways of getting across the country as quickly as possible). Northrop Frye argues that all of these factors have created a ‘garrison mentality,’ one that is neurotic, untrusting, and perennially convinced that whatever ‘real life’ is, it must be happening elsewhere.” Forker, Charles R. Review of Shakespeare and the Nature of Love: Literature, Culture, Evolution, by Marcus Nordlund. Medieval & Renaissance Drama in England 24 (2011): 204–6. “In one of his lectures on Shakespeare Northrop Frye also gives us a dramatic reason to take the sisters’ analysis of their father’s state seriously. ‘When you start to read or listen to King Lear, try to pretend that you’ve never heard the story before, and forget that you know how bad Goneril and Regan and Edmund are going to be. That way, you’ll see more clearly how Shakespeare is building up our sympathies in the opposite direction.’”

–  “The Green Underworld of Early Shakespearean Tragedy.” Shakespeare Studies 17 (January 1985): 25. “Discusses the significance of greenery or vegetation as a component of . . . Shakespeare’s tragic ethos. Shakespeare’s includes details of foliage and landscape even in his darkest plays.” Forst, Graham. “‘Frye Spiel’: Northrop Frye and Homo Ludens.” Mosaic: A Journal for the Interdisciplinary Study of Literature 36, no. 3 (September 2003): 73–86. Capitalizing on the appearance of the first ten volumes of the Collected Works of Frye, shows how Frye took Johan Huizinga’s sociological notion of homo ludens— man the player—and developed its implications for the humanities. Contends that “play is reading’s central motif and that for Frye, readers see things holistically only when “playfully” detached: literature “is the quintessential ‘playful’ medium because it is ‘detached from immediate action.’” –  “Kant and Frye on the Critical Path.” In O’Grady and Wang, Northrop Frye, 19–28, and as “The Purpose of the Purposeless: Kant and Frye on the Uses of Art” in Wang and O’Grady, New Directions, 137–52. Sees the Kantian tradition as an important source of Frye’s ideas. –  “Mediation Matters: Archetypes of Transference.” University of Toronto Quarterly 86, no. 1 (Winter 2017): 1–13. “This interdisciplinary article examines how cultural archetypes reflect the universal human desire to heal the trauma of the Fall. These archetypes are explored here as they appear in politics, aesthetic philosophy, literature (particularly drama), opera, and religion. The main archetypes examined are those of the ‘gap’ (the abyss between natural and spiritual man opened at the Fall) and the ‘bridge’ (the means by which man attempts to span this ‘gap’). The central focus is on Western philosophy and literary and opera narrative” (author’s abstract). Frye’s insights and understandings are called on throughout. The last section is devoted to Frye and Huizinga’s Homo Ludens. –  “‘A Minister and a Rabbi . . .’ The Parallel Careers at the University of Toronto of Northrop Frye and Emil Fackenheim.” Canadian Literature 221 (June 2014): 199–203. Wonders why there was so little contact between Frye and Emil Fackenheim, who were colleagues at the University of Toronto, and wonders as well why there is so little reference in Frye to the Holocaust. “The Frye-Fackenheim divide provides an astonishing contrast and when it is thought about, it must be done so in the context of a supreme, and very Canadian, irony. When Fackenheim was deported from Scotland to Canada in 1940, he was immediately imprisoned in a Canadian war prisoners’ internment

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camp. The camp was in Sherbrooke, Quebec. The city that imprisoned the man who was to become the greatest Holocaust philosopher in the world is the same city that produced one of the world’s greatest humanistic literary critics: Northrop Frye.” –  “The Seduction of Figaro: Gender and the Archetype of the ‘Tricky Servant.’” In Donaldson and Mendelson, Frye and the Word, 280–9. On the relationship between Figaro and Rosina as establishing a dialogue between archetypal criticism of Frye’s variety and gender criticism. Forsyth, R.A. ‘“Europe,’ ‘Africa’ and the Problem of Spiritual Authority.” Southern Review [Australia] 3, no. 4 (1969): 294–323. Finds that Frye’s idea of “the drunken boat” is clearly present in the works of T.H. Huxley, Freud, Marx, Schopenhauer, and Nietzsche. Fort, Keith. “Satire and Gnosticism.” Religion & Literature 20 (Summer 1988): 1–18. Argues that the view of reality in Gnosticism is quite similar to the darkest visions of irony as outlined by Frye in Anatomy of Criticism. Fortier, D’Iberville. “I rapporti tra l’Italia e il Canada” [Relations between Italy and Canada]. Canadiana: Aspetti della storia e della letteratura canadese, ed. Luca Codignola. Venice: Marsilio Editions, 1978. 11–19 [17]. In Italian. Looks briefly at how Frye’s criticism reflects the history of Canada. Fortier, Mark. Theatre Theory: An Introduction. New York: Routledge, 1997. 115–17. On Frye’s view of The Tempest. Fortunati, Vita. La letteratura utopica inglese: Morfologia e grammatica di un genere letterario [English Utopian Literature: The Morphology and Grammar of a Literary Genre]. Ravenna: Longo, 1979. 28–30, 34, 90, 117, 121. In Italian. In an account of utopian fiction in the English tradition, glances at Frye’s view of utopias as Menippean satires, rather than as novels or romances. –  “Northrop Frye: La letteratura come utopia e le utopie letterarie: Studio di The Stubborn Structure” [Northrop Frye: Literature as Utopia and Literary Utopias: A Study of The Stubborn Structure]. Atti della accademia della Scienze dell’Istituto di Bologna 65, no. 2 (1976–7): 103–20. In Italian. Places the concept of Utopia, with its power to construct visions of other and different worlds, at the centre of Frye’s critical work. –  “Utopia as a Literary Genre.” In Dictionary of Literary Utopias, ed. Vita Fortunati and Raymond Trousson. Paris: Honoré Champion, 2000. 634–43. Reviews Frye’s understanding of utopia, along with the utopian theories of Frank Manuel, Darko Suvin, and others.

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Foster, Amber. “Nancy Prince’s Utopias: Reimagining the African American Utopian Tradition.” Utopian Studies 24, no. 2 (2013): 329–48. “In his study of literary utopias, Northrop Frye argues that utopias must appeal to ‘something which existing society has lost, forfeited, rejected, or violated, and which the utopia itself is to restore.’” Foster, Travis M. “Campus Novels and the Nation of Peers.” American Literary History 23, no. 3 (2014): 462–83. “I’ll be tracing fraternity and nostalgia as recognizable features across multiple texts, using a method of genre criticism that, as Northrop Frye famously celebrates, refuses to underestimate convention or succumb to the tendency to ‘think of the individual as ideally prior to society,’ although one, too, that can often occlude the fluid interrelationship between conventions.” Foteva, Ana. “Handke’s Die Fahrt im Einbaum: Utopia as a Counter-Historical Performance Theater versus Media and Historiography.” Seminar: A Journal of Germanic Studies 53, no. 1 (February 2017): 43–67. Draws on Hayden White’s theory of emplotment, which was developed from Frye’s theory of mythoi (narrative forms). Foucault, Michel. “Structuralism and Literary Analysis.” Critical Inquiry 45 (Winter 2019): 531–44. “But what is structuralism? It’s extremely difficult to define it when we consider that under this word we designate analyses, methods, works, and individuals as different as, for example, the history of religions as done by Dumézil, the analysis of mythologies by Lévi-Strauss, the analysis of the tragedies of Racine by Barthes, the analysis as well of literary works as it’s currently done in America with Northrop Frye, the analyses of folktales that Russians like Propp have done, the analyses of philosophical systems like those of Guéroult. All of that gets placed under the structuralist label—so it’s perhaps a bit risky to try to illuminate all these problems with such a confused notion. . . . First of all, it’s very difficult to see in what way the method of analysis of folktales by Propp can resemble the method of analysis of philosophical systems by Guéroult—in what way the analysis of literary genres by Frye in America can resemble the analysis of myths by Lévi-Strauss.” Foucault’s talk, translated by Suzanne Taylor and Jonathan Schroeder, was published in Critical Inquiry fifty-two years after it was presented as a lecture in Tunis. Foulke, Robert D. “Criticism and the Curriculum: Part II.” College English 26 (October 1964): 30–7. Presents a curricular model that has its roots in Anatomy of Criticism. Outlines four critical approaches for teaching

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literature—the formalistic, the synoptic, the analogical, and the generic—each of which has its parallel in Frye’s work. Argues that together these approaches could become the basis for structuring a college program in literary studies. Foulke, Robert D., and Paul Smith. An Anatomy of Literature. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1972. A textbook anthology organized on the basis of Frye’s four narrative patterns. The general introduction (pp. 1–41), as well as extensive critical material throughout the book, relies heavily upon the principles of Anatomy of Criticism. Fowler, Alastair. Kinds of Literature: An Introduction to the Theory of Genres and Modes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982. 118–20, 150–1, 241–3. Comments on Frye’s systems of generic classification throughout, especially on his taxonomies of prose fiction, myths, and modes. –  “The Life and Death of Literary Forms.” New Literary History 2 (Winter 1971): 199–216 [201–3, 208–11]. Argues that literary forms are born and die, that the historical duration of literary works need not coincide with the duration of the forms they use. In the course of developing his argument, glances at several of Frye’s contentions about form, mode, and genre, taking issue especially with Frye’s theory of modes. ‘“Not only does [Frye] ignore many elements of generic transformation altogether; but even the historical changes he does discuss have really had a more fluctuating tendency than he suggests.” Fragopoulos, George. ‘“Singing the silent songs, enchanting songs’: Bob Kaufman’s Aesthetics of Silence.” Journal of Modern Literature 40, no. 1 (2016): 147–63. Points to Frye’s definition of the lyric as “preeminently the utterance that is overheard.” Francioso, Monica. “Impegno [Commitment] and Alì Babà: Celati, Calvino, and the Debate about Literature in the 1970s.” Italian Studies 64, no. 1 (2009): 105–19. Francis, R. Douglas. “Northrop Frye and E.J. Pratt: Technology as Mythology.” In The Technological Imperative in Canada: An Intellectual History. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia Press, 2009. Chapter 9 is devoted to the understanding of technology and communication by Pratt and Frye. –  Technological Imperative in Canada: An Intellectual History. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2009. Shows how well-known individuals who are not considered theorists of technology, such as William

Lyon Mackenzie King and Northrop Frye, offered important insights into the subject. –  “Turner versus Innis: Bridging the Gap.” American Review of Canadian Studies 33, no. 4 (December 2003): 473–85. Rpt. as “Turner vs. Innis: Two Mythic Wests” in One West, Two Myths II: Essays on Comparison, ed. C.L. Higham and Robert Thacker. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary Press, 2006. 15–28. Calls on several of Frye’s observations about myth to differentiate the view of the American West by Frederick Jackson Turner and of the Canadian West by Harold Innis. Francis, Wynne. “Irving Layton.” In Canadian Writers and Their Works (Poetry Series, vol. 5), ed. Robert Lecker et al. Toronto: ECW Press, 1985. 141–234 [154–7, 209–10]. Traces Frye’s reviews of Layton’s poetry during the early 1950s and Layton’s one-sided quarrel with Frye. Francke, William. “James Joyce.” In The Blackwell Companion to the Bible in English Literature, ed. Rebecca Lemon et al. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. 642–53. “Frye read Joyce’s contribution to literature and culture in the perspective of a continuity with the Catholic tradition that remained his intellectual root.” Frank, Arthur, and Daniel Marchalik. “Institutional Madness: Shakespeare as Hospital Survival Guide.” The Lancet 393, no. 10186 (25 May 2019): 2114. “The literary scholar Northrop Frye summed up what’s strange about the play. ‘After an act or two, we decide that . . . every character in it is insane.’ The play opens as the Duke of Vienna announces that he is travelling abroad to undisclosed locations, leaving the powers of the state to Angelo, as his deputy. Angelo immediately begins to enforce laws of sexual conduct that have been long unenforced. Brothels are torn down, and working women and their pimps, who are depicted half comically and half tragically, are literally carted off to prison. Those rounded up include the noble youth Claudio, sentenced to die for having impregnated his fiancée, an act that formerly would have been acceptable because the marriage was already contracted. Claudio sends his friend to enlist Claudio’s sister Isabella to plead with Angelo to spare his life. Angelo becomes infatuated with Isabella, drops his puritanical persona, and offers clemency in exchange for sex. The violence of his proposal is exacerbated by Isabella being a novice nun, whose first spoken lines express a wish that the restrictions of the order she is joining were stricter. All this is watched over by the Duke, who never actually left town but disguised himself as a friar. Frye’s summary is too good not to quote: ‘Finally, the Duke returns to his own shape, and, after stretching everyone’s nerves to

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the utmost limits of endurance, hands out pardons all around with great complacency.’” Frank, Kevin. “Censuring the Praise of Alienation: Interstices of Ante-Alienation in Things Fall Apart, No Longer at Ease, and Arrow of God.” Callaloo 34, no. 4 (2011): 1088–100. “Will Harris [in his essay ‘Okonkwo in Exile’] insightfully views the African hero’s journey described by Clyde Ford as mirroring ‘the “monomyth” of Joseph Campbell and Northrop Frye. But the pattern of the hero’s journey from home into a ‘literal or metaphoric (exilic) underworld’ does not fit exactly for the colonized whose quest involves going to the ‘mother country’ or attending the mother country’s institutions in his or her own land. The colonized given such opportunities is trained to think he is going not to the underworld, but to the over-world, against which his home can never measure up.” Frank, SØren. “The Aesthetic of Elephantiasis: Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children as an Encyclopaedic Novel.” Journal of Postcolonial Writing 46, no. 2 (May 2010): 187–98. Drawing on Frye, Edward Mendelson, and Franco Moretti, discusses encyclopedic features in Rushdie’s novel Midnight’s Children and argues that the novelist’s ambition to incorporate the whole of life is simultaneously a serious and ironic enterprise carried out on the level of discourse. Franke, William. Secular Scriptures: Modern Theological Poetics in the Wake of Dante. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2015. “Even as elastic a term as Romanticism, while not necessarily in need of a univocal definition, has an intuitive sense and suggests paradigmatic qualities shared by typical exemplars. According to Northrop Frye, ‘the central theme of Romanticism is that of the attaining of an expanded consciousness,’ while for Thomas McFarland, among a number of leading motifs of the Romantic ‘sensibility’— solitude, imagination, organicism, medievalism, subjectivity—‘the most constant of all defining factors is nature.’ Not directly competing with these authors’ approaches to Romanticism through myth and pastoral respectively, I wish to propose a different sort of dominant family resemblance trait.” Frankenberg, Günter. “Human Rights and the Belief in a Just World.” International Journal of Constitutional Law 12, no. 1 (2014): 35–60. “I borrow the categories of tragedy and romance from Northrop Frye’s and Hayden White’s archetypical genres providing emplotments and rather freely transfer them from history to biography, and later to the narratives of human rights law.”

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Fransson, Anna-Lisa. “Tragedy or Chivalrous Romance? The Swedish Government and the Baltic Sea Pipeline.” Nature and Culture 9, no. 3 (Winter 2014): 266–87. “Literary theorist Northrop Frye writes that tragedy reflects periods of social history when a ruling class has lost effective power but retains ideological prestige, which is reminiscent of the Swedish government in the pipeline case.” Franz, Paul. “Burden of Proof: On Jonathan Culler’s Theory of the Lyric.” PN Review 42, no. 3 (January– February 2016): 16–19. “If there is a tutelary spirit of Culler’s book, it is not Paul de Man but the Canadian critic Northrop Frye. This appears not only from incidental echoes, as when Culler’s first chapter proposes ‘An Inductive Approach’ to the genre, recalling Frye’s account of his practice in the Anatomy of Criticism, nor even when a later one, ‘Structures of the Lyric,’ takes as its starting point an articulation of the conceptual relationship between lyric subgenres drafted for, but ultimately excluded from, that work. Rather, Frye’s influence pervades the book at a more fundamental level, introducing a certain tension into its characterization of lyric as a ‘tradition.’” Fraser, John. “Mr. Frye and Evaluation.” Cambridge Quarterly 2 (Spring 1967): 97–116. Rpt. in Fraser, The Name of Action: Critical Essays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984. 152–69. An attack on Frye’s critical position, particularly his ideas about evaluation as they are presented in “Criticism, Visible and Invisible.” Concludes that Frye “is probably doing more to bring discredit upon literary studies than anyone else now writing.” Fraser, John. Telling Tales. Toronto: Collins, 1986. Writes about Frye as one of forty-five living Canadians he has come to know during the course of his career in Canadian journalism. Fraser, Keath. As for Me and My Body: A Memoir of Sinclair Ross. Toronto: ECW Press, 1997. 67–9. Fraser, Matthew. “Northrop Frye: Signifying Everything.” The Varsity (1 October 1979): 6–7. Frye replies to a series of questions by Fraser on life in the 1930s, creative writing, the language of fiction, teaching religion, the value of the university, and the destruction of the honour course at the University of Toronto. Fraser, Peter. “The Musical Mode: Putting on ‘The Red Shoes.’” Cinema Journal 26, no. 3 (Spring 1987): 44. Notes that modality in film is what Frye calls the “radical of presentation.”

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Fraundorfer, Markus. Brazil’s Emerging Role in Global Governance: Health, Food Security and Bioenergy. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. Notes the centrality of Aristotle in the use of narrative to make sense of the world. Frye, whose four narrative patterns are key to his theory of mythos also derive from Aristotle. Fredeman, William E. “Roy Daniells (1902–1979).” English Studies in Canada 5, no. 4 (1979). Frederickson, Kathleen. Review of New World Myth: Postmodernism and Postcolonialism in Canadian Fiction, by Marie Vautier. Jouvert: A Journal of Postcolonial Studies 4, no. 2 (Winter 2000). https://legacy.chass.ncsu. edu/jouvert/v4i2/fred.htm. “Yet even Northrop Frye— whose theories about ‘traditional’ myth Vautier cites frequently in contrast to ‘New World Myth’—maintains the plurality and shiftiness of myth, writing that myth allows for a ‘a world of swirling currents of energy that run back and forth between subject and object.’” Frederico, Lealis Guimarães. “Concepções de Critica Literária em Northrop Frye, T.S. Eliot e Roland Barthes” [Conceptions of Literary Criticism in Northrop Frye, T.S. Eliot and Roland Barthes]. Revista Terra e Cultura [Centro Universitário de Londrina, Brazil] 13, no. 25 (January–June 1997): 31–8. In Portuguese. Free, William J. “Structuralism, Literature, and Tacit Knowledge.” Journal of Aesthetic Education. 8, no. 4 (October 1974): 65–74. Describes a dualism of those who “wish to treat literature as a dialect of language analyzable through terms analogous to those of Saussurean structural linguistics, and those who want to treat literature as a version of myth and therefore a form of social or psychological mediation. Loosely speaking, the first group is best represented by Roland Barthes and his colleagues at the École Pratique des Hautes études in Paris. The latter group is a more amorphous set of disciples of men as varied in approach and discipline as Claude Lévi-Strauss, Northrop Frye, and Gaston Bachelard.” Freed, Foster. “Role Models.” 2005. http://www.rockies. net/~spirit/sermons/a-alls-foster.php. A sermon in which Freed nominates Frye as one of four contemporary Protestant saints. The other three: Lydia Gruchy, William J. Seymour, and Betsie ten Boom. Freedman, James O. “Teachers and Teaching.” Inside Higher Ed, 27 March 2007. http://www.insidehighered. com/views/2007/03/27/freedman. On Frye as a teacher when Freedman was an undergraduate at Harvard. Freedman, Linda. “Tom Altizer and William Blake: The Apocalypse of Belief.” Literature and Theology

25, no. 1 (2011): 20–31. On the importance of Blake for Thomas J.J. Altizer’s radical theology. Altizer is “Professor Emeritus of New York State University at Stony Brook, where he worked for a time with the extraordinary Blake scholar, David Erdman. His reading of Blake shares Erdman’s fervid desire to read transcendence in immanence and is also indebted to Northrop Frye’s seminal mid-20th century re-evaluation of Blake’s mythic structures as well as the idea of myth as a coincidence of the sacred and profane advanced by Mircea Eliade, whom Altizer met after leaving his Divinity School training in Chicago.” Freitag, Gina, and André Loiselle, eds. The Canadian Horror Film: Terror of the Soul. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2015. Frye’s theory of the “garrison mentality” and Margaret Atwood’s Survival serve as touchstones for many of the essays in this collection. French, Goldwin. “Introduction, I.” Northrop Frye’s Writings on Education, ed. Goldwin French and Jean O’Grady. Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 7. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000. xxiii–xxxiv. Frendo, Maria. “William Blake, Hubert Parry and Jerusalem: The Literary, the Visionary and the Political.” International Journal of Arts & Sciences 9, no. 2 (2016): 461–70. “Blake’s theory of poetry would have been more easily accepted had he lived in the Renaissance, a position held by Northrop Frye. However, as he lives when he does, we have a unique example of an artist saying what he pleases without the least tendency, which social recognition often encourages, towards the parasitic in literature, the sycophantic in religion, the malignant in politics, or the subversive in art.” Frendt, Gene. “Language, Truth and Literature: The Grammars of Truth in the History of Philosophy.” International Journal of Theology, Philosophy and Science 1 (2017): 19–35. “Examining the history of philosophy, we can see that the word ‘true’ is used in many ways. These ways parallel the modes Northrop Frye saw ordered in literature. Just as his Anatomy of Criticism outlines literature’s devolution from myth to romance to the high mimetic, low mimetic and ironic. We see the history of philosophy descends from mythic metaphysics to a self-deconstructing irony. Between these we can find three asymmetrically related modes of ‘being true’ which exhibit the same functions and interrelations as Frye’s three intermediate modes in literature. Given the work of Gödel and Tarski there is good reason to suspect that the sort of relationships pointed out by Frye and exhibited in Kant are necessary for any linguistic being. Truth is said in many ways;

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these ways are systematically related and allow no closure on any particular one.” Frey, Daniel. “Paul Ricœur, lecteur du Grand Code (Northrop Frye).” Revue d’Histoire et de Philosophie Religieuse 80, no. 2 (2000): 263–82. Ricoeur’s reading of The Great Code indicates a shift towards a more flexible understanding—one that joins the text and the reader. By this move, Ricoeur connects his biblical and philosophical hermeneutics. Friedland, Martin L. The University of Toronto: A History. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000. Presents, among many other things, colourful accounts of intellectual figures from Daniel Wilson to Northrop Frye. Frye’s role in the university appears throughout. Friedlander, Benjamin. Review of The Poetics of Sensibility, by Jerome McGann. Criticism 42, no. 2 (Spring 2000): 255–61. On the difference between the poets Frye treated in his influential “The Age of Sensibility” (Blake, Chatterton, Cowper, Burns, Smart) and those discussed by McGann (William Jones, Erasmus Darwin, and a host of women poets: Frances Greville, Ann Yearsley, Mary Robinson, Ann Batten Cristall, Laetitia Elizabeth Landon, and Felicia Hemans). Friedländer, Saul. “A Soáh az emlékezet és a történelem közöt” [The Shoah between Memory and History]. Múlt és Jövő [Past and Future] 3 (1991): 5–12. In Hungarian. Refers to Paul Fussell’s reading of World War I, which is dependent on Frye’s theory of modes. Friedman, Barton R. Fabricating History. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2014. Notes Frye’s exploration in his essay “New Directions from Old” of the uncertain boundaries between history and fiction. Friedman, Norman. “Introduction to the Frye/Friedman Correspondence.” Hypotheses: NeoAristotelian Analysis 15 (Fall 1995). Friedman, Ted. “Myth, the Numinous, and Cultural Studies.” http://www.flowjournal.org/2009/08/ myth-the-numinous-and-cultural-studies-tedfriedman-georgia-state-university-atlanta/commentpage-1/?print=print. “For the last few years, I’ve been preoccupied with a concept that hasn’t received much academic attention lately: myth. Specifically, the idea that popular culture narratives are forms of myth. The heyday for this turn of thinking was the 1960s and 1970s. That was when literary and film scholars influenced by Carl Jung and Northrop Frye formed the ‘myth and symbol’ school, looking for transcendental archetypes in modern narratives.”

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Frigerio, Vittorio. “Cui prodest? Réflexions sur l’utilité et l’utilisation de la théorie des genres dans la culture de masse” [Who Benefits? Reflections on the Utility and Use of Genre Theory in Mass Culture]. Belphegor 3, no. 1 (December 2003). In French. http://etc.dal.ca/ belphegor/vol3_no1/articles/03_01_Friger_cuipro_ fr.html. Applies Frye’s ideas about genres to the productions of mass culture. –  Review of Les amoureux de Schéhérazade: Variations modernes sur les Mille et une nuits by Dominique Jullien [The Lovers of Scheherazade: Modern Variations on the Thousand and One Nights by Dominique Jullien]. Dalhousie French Studies 89 (Winter 2009): 167–8. In French. “There are texts which cover the history of literature in a subterranean way, appearing at different periods, in different countries, adapted to the taste of the day, modified, revised and corrected for the needs of a cause or an aesthetic. Northrop Frye wrote a beautiful volume to demonstrate brilliantly what little needed to be proved by finding the Bible at the basis of all the Western literary tradition. Without fostering these claims, Dominique Jullien goes through a beautiful skeleton of texts of French and Francophone literature to find at the corner of the pages the reincarnations of the caliph Haroun-Al-Raschid.” Frosch, Thomas. “Why George Has to Die: Gloria Naylor’s Mama Day and the Myth of the Goddess.” Journal of Ethnic American Literature 5 (2015): 5–21, 135. “Northrop Frye distinguished between ‘the refined writer too finicky for popular formulas and the major one who exploits them ruthlessly.’ In this essay I will argue that for Naylor to kill George, after making him such a positive character that she herself ‘cried for a whole year, knowing that [he] was going to die,’ was absolutely right.” Frow, John. “On Literature in Cultural Studies.” In The Aesthetics of Cultural Studies, ed. Michael Bérubé. Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 2008. 44–57. “While literary studies has provided an enduringly powerful paradigm of the rhetorical analysis of texts, it continues to find itself in almost complete disarray over the principles that would constitute its integrity as what Northrop Frye called ‘an impersonal body of consolidating knowledge.’” Frutkin, Ren. “Emphasis.” Yale—Theatre 1, no. 1 (Spring 1968): 4. Discusses the main topic of the first issue of this journal, which is Greek theatre, and speaks of imagination as the ability of creating models by human experience, according to Frye.

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“Frye (Herman) Northrop 1912–1991.” In The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide. Oxford, UK: Helicon, 2010. Fu, Jie. “The Archetypal Deformation of the Flood Myth in George Eliot’s Mill on the Floss.” Journal of Guizhou University of Technology (Social Sciences) 4 (2008). In Chinese. Uses Frye’s archetypal theory to explain the different understandings of the end of the novel, to demonstrate the reasonableness of the end, and to clarify Eliot’s intentions. Fuchs, Dieter. “Menippean Satire and Academic Romance in David Lodge’s Small World.” English Studies in Canada 43/44, nos. 4/1 (December 2017/March 2018): 180–96. Fujimura, Thomas H. “Mode and Structure in The Merchant of Venice.” PMLA 81 (1966): 499–511. Finds three of Frye’s fictional modes relevant to understanding the play. Fulford, Robert. “Moments of a Century: Northrop Frye Explains William Blake.” Imperial Oil Review 84, no. 437 (Summer 2000). The publication of Fearful Symmetry was, according to Fulford, one of the twenty events that shaped Canadian culture. –  “Northrop Frye: Television Critic.” National Post (6 July 2002): A16. Spurred by the publication of Northrop Frye on Literature and Society, Fulford reflects on Frye’s volunteer work with the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission, particularly his reviews of CBC’s television programs. –  “Resurrection Lit: Bob Rodgers Brings Canadian Icons to Life on the Page.” National Post (28 June 2016): B3. Review of Rogers’s novel The Devil’s Party: Who Killed The Sixties?, which features characters named Northrop Frye and Marshall McLuhan. –  “Sneaking up on Northrop Frye: Canada’s Critical Icon Is Well Worth Reading, but Start Light or You’ll Be Sorry.” National Post (10 July 2012). “Since his death in 1991 the world has learned a good deal about his private opinions through his published letters and diaries. A would-be student of Frye can acquire a feel for him from this material and still more from his relatively informal books, such as The Modern Century, The Educated Imagination and The Critical Path.” –  “An Unbeliever’s Gratitude at Christmas.” National Post (23 December 2017): A15. “The power of JudeoChristian thought opened the practical imagination of the West, suggesting what wonderful ideas humans could have, and what wonderful things they could do. Northrop Frye, a Canadian Methodist minister who

became one of the great literary theorists of the world, suggested the destination where all this leads: ‘The fundamental job of the imagination in ordinary life is to produce, out of the society we have to live in, a vision of the society we want to live in.’” Fülöp, József. “Érintkező életművek: Northrop Frye és Rudolf Kassner” [Contact Lives: Northrop Frye and Rudolf Kassner]. In Northrop Frye 100: A Danubian Perspective, ed. Sára Tóth, Tibor Fabiny, János Kenyeres, and Péter Pásztor. Budapest: KGRE–L’Harmattan, 2014. 197–204. In Hungarian. Examines the intellectual relationship between Frye’s and Kassner’s views on metaphor and the Bible. Fumaneri, Maria Luísa. “Wallace Stevens: O hermetismo como leitura do real” [Wallace Stevens: Hermeticism as a Reading of the Real]. Anuário de Literatura 21, no. 1 (2016): 92–113. In Portuguese. “According to Northrop Frye, the difference between ‘reason’ and ‘imagination’ in the sense of poetic imagination in Stevens’s essays is that imagination tends to the particular (work, understood, aristotelically, as representation of particulars), whereas reason tends to universal (concept).” Also shows how Frye’s understanding of metaphor guides his interpretation of “Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird.” Furniss, Tom. “James Hutton’s Geological Tours of Scotland: Romanticism, Literary Strategies, and the Scientific Quest.” Science & Education 23, no. 3 (2014): 565–88. https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/39986/. “Some strands of the constructivist history of science have used the literary genre theory of Northrop Frye to highlight the literariness of scientific writing (Making Natural Knowledge). The analysis of Hutton’s geological tours of Scotland . . . suggests that they can be read in terms of Frye’s account of quest romance.” Furstenberg, Rochelle. Jerusalem Post Magazine (27 May 1982): 18. A review of Frye’s paper, “Vision and Cosmos,” presented at First Annual Conference of the Institute for Literary Research, held at Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel, 17–20 May 1982. Fusini, Letizia. “Looking for Common Ground: A Thematic Comparison between Tang Xianzu’s and Shakespeare’s Dramatic Imagination.” Asian Theatre Journal 36, no. 2 (Fall 2019): 302–26. “Dreams and visions are, for Shakespeare, vehicles to the rebirth that characterizes the comic resolution, for whoever visits the ‘green world’ of dreams, to say it with Northrop Frye, will be radically transformed. What will change, however, is not human nature but the perception thereof and this recognition will have beneficial effects into the

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

‘normal’ world of quotidian reality . . . Northrop Frye shows how the latter elaborates on the ancient ritual pattern of the death and resurrection of a God-Man, which pertains to both Christianity and paganism, and which is also a mythological interpretation of the ‘yearly triumph of spring over winter.’ In so doing, Frye aligns Elizabethan comedy to the ancient genre of the New Comedy and to the tradition of the medieval miracleplay cycles, which follow the laws that Dante ascribed to the form of the commedia. Frye denominates them as ‘the laws of the comic form,’ explaining that these engender a ‘rhythmic movement from normal world to green world and back again.’” Fussell, Paul. The Great War and Modern Memory. New York: Oxford University Press, 1975. 311–14 and passim. Summarizes Frye’s cyclical theory of modes and then uses the ironic mode with its demonic imagery to characterize the literary response of a number of writers to World War I. Draws on Frye’s criticism throughout. G Gabin, Rosalind J. “From Theory of Genres to Theory of Language: Rhetoric’s Relation to Literary Criticism.” Dieciocho 8 (Spring 1985): 63–9 [64, 66–7]. Argues that Anatomy of Criticism is an “outstanding example” of a modern critical work that moves away from a New Critical conception of poetics towards extra-textual concerns. Frye thus helps to usher in what has become widespread in literary discussion in the 1980s—a collapsing of sharp distinctions between poetics and rhetoric. –  “Northrop Frye: Modern Utopian.” Classical and Modern Literature 3, no. 3 (1983): 151–64. Locates a number of differences between Frye and Plato, but argues that the “Republican” structure of Anatomy of Criticism, “with its commitment to unity, remains its informing element” and makes it fundamentally Platonic. Shows how the principle of unity informs much of Frye’s criticism, both literary and social, and concludes that the Platonic utopian vision of wholeness in Frye’s work is what makes it “unpalatable” for the contemporary critical sensibility that wants to de-hellenize criticism by deconstructing all unified structures of meaning and knowledge. Gábor, Kiss. “Az ember és árnyé kai: Northrop Frye és az irodalmí szimbolizmus Chamisso Peter Schlemihl jének példáján” [Man and His Shadows: Northrop Frye and Literary Symbolism in the Example of Peter Schlemihl’s Chamisso]. Nagyvilág: Világirodalmi folyóirat 59, no. 3 (2014): 318–37. https://www.academia.edu/38941898/

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Az_ember_%C3%A9s_%C3%A1rny%C3%A9kai. In Hungarian. Gabriella, Kataryn R. “Rosewood for Northrop Frye.” Anglican Theological Review 100, no. 2 (Summer 2018): 595. A poem: Rosewood for Northrop Frye The name of the ancient book of the grammar of poetry is “Rosewood.” What you are teaching us is the universal language of creation. “Rosewood” images of original speech made visible in myth, of whose outlines we find ourselves aware. “I am telling you what you already know and what shall be when the Tree of nature’s Mystery bums and flowers into the Tree of Life: ‘Rosewood’ Recognise and behold the bright leaves of poetry building a desired structure, where the flames and rose would be seen as one: transformed: as human vision.”

Gadpaille, Michelle. “Thematics and Its Aftermath: A Meditation on Atwood’s Survival.” Primerjalna Knjizevnost 37, no. 3 (2014): 165–77. “It is not being claimed that Atwood invented thematic criticism. It would be more accurate to trace the concept to the work of Northrop Frye, as does Donna Bennett in her entry for the Oxford Companion, as well as a Slovene critic, Mirko Jurak. A distinguished scholar, Frye taught at the University of Toronto in the years when Atwood studied there. Though not exclusively a Canadianist, Frye brought the rigor of his Blake and Shakespeare scholarship to Canadian literary production. His criticism dealt with archetypes, and in his Anatomy of Criticism, Frye boldly dictated the form of all literature, both synchronically and diachronically. His writing had an oratorical certainty backed by encyclopedic knowledge and ethical humanism; these features facilitated acceptance of the universal. It was one piece by Frye (the ‘Conclusion’ to the Literary History of Canada) that indelibly marked the future of Canadian criticism. As an aid to understanding 19th-century colonial culture, he gave us the concepts of the ‘garrison mentality’ and the ‘bush garden,’ each of which elucidates an aspect of Canada’s conflicted colonial position. Frye posited that the imaginary order created by words—even colonial words—occupied a

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position just as valid as the order of nature in which human beings lived—even the monstrous wilderness of the early settlers, and that the first order offered clues to the national psyche in its struggle with the second. While human experience of the natural order was local and specific, the world of words was universal and articulated in archetypes. Frye’s was a claim of true literary universality.” Gailus, Jeff. “The Myths That Make Us.” Alternatives Journal 38, no. 3 (May–June 2012): 10–13. “Frye, one of the most influential literary critics of the 20th century, identified two distinct themes in Canadian literature: ‘The identity of the sinister and terrible elements in nature with the death-wish in man,’ and the ‘fusion of human life and the life in nature,’ embodying a ‘sense of kinship’ between humans and the natural world. Margaret Atwood, perhaps Canada’s greatest living woman of letters and a student of Frye’s at the University of Toronto, riffed off his work to conclude that ‘survival’ was a central part of the early Canadian experience and, as a result, our literature.” Gair, Christopher. “‘Thalatta! Thalatta!’”: Xenophon, Joyce, and Kerouac.” In Hip Sublime: Beat Writers and the Classical Tradition, ed. Shelia Murnaghan and Ralph M. Rosen. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2018. “[T]he patterns deployed by Joyce also anticipate Kerouac’s fiction (most notably, The Subterraneans, Visions of Cody, and Big Sur, but also many other works) in significant ways. Northrop Frye’s seminal Anatomy of Criticism, published in 1957, the same year as On the Road, describes this connection, in a manner that usefully historicizes Kerouac’s reading of Joyce. For Frye, ‘If a reader were asked to set down a list of things that had most impressed him about Ulysses, it might reasonably be somewhat as follows. First, the clarity with which the sights and sounds and smells of Dublin come to life, the rotundity of the character-drawing, and the naturalness of the dialogue. Second, the elaborate way that the story and the characters are parodied by being set against archetypal heroic patterns, notably the one provided by the Odyssey. Third, the revelation of character and incident through the searching use of the stream-of-consciousness technique.’” Gál, Andrea. “Útban Utópia felé: Államelméletek fikcionalizálása” [On the Road to Utopia: The Fictionalizing of Political Theory]. Korunk 2 (2015): 98–104. In Hungarian. “Without exaggeration, a library of material is available to whoever wants to examine the nuances of the rather dynamic and flexible concept of utopia, including an essay by Frye, “Varieties of Literary Utopias.”

Galchinsky, Michael. “The Problem with Human Rights Culture.” South Atlantic Review 75, no. 2 (2010): 5–18. Proposes to look at human rights literature not in terms of genre but of mode. “Whereas generic arguments are historical and contingent, modal arguments from Aristotle to Northrop Frye to Hayden White are logically derived, independent of location, and transhistorical. Modes seem suited to human rights, which claim to be rational, independent of location, and transhistorical.” Gall, Robert S. “Living On (Happily) Ever After: Derrida, Philosophy and The Comic.” Philosophy Today 38 (1994): 167–80. Calls on Frye’s theory of comedy to help explicate the comic in Derrida. Gállego, Cándido Pérez. “Harold Bloom: Un ‘superhombre’ de la crítica Americana” [Harold Bloom: A “Superman” of American Criticism]. REDEN: Revista española de estudios norteamericanos 5 (1992): 1–10. In Spanish. “Harold Bloom has created a new way of making criticism that excells the comparative method that was emerging after Harry Levin. . . . Bloom moves away from Northrop Frye’s puritanism by preaching eroticism of the text and penetrates, through reading, into the sexual life of the reader.” (author’s abstract) Galván, Luis. “Auto sacramental y aventuras caballerescas: La Divina Filotea de Calderón” [Autos sacramentales and Chivalrous Adventures: La Divina Filotea de Calderón]. In La dramaturgia de Calderón: Técnicas y estructuras, ed. Ignacio Arellano and Enrica Cancelliere. Pamplona: Iberoamericana/Vervuert Verlag, 2006. 215– 27. In Spanish. In studying the similarity between the motives and structure of Calderón’s autos sacramentales and several works of chivalry, calls on Frye’s view of romance in The Secular Scripture. –  “Elementos para un plan de educación literaria” [Elements of a Plan for Literary Education]. Revista de Literatura 66, no. 132 (July–December 2004): 537–54. In Spanish. Offers a program of literary education that draws on Frye’s principles as outlined in Design for Learning and elsewhere. –  “El libro y la azucena de Calderón de la Barca en perspective comparatista auto y comedia” [The Book and the Lily of Calderón de la Barca in the Comparative Perspective of the Auto and Comedy]. Actas del Congreso “El Siglo de Oro en el Nuevo Milenio” 1 (2005): 753–63. Ed. Carlos Mata and Miguel Zugasti. Pamplona, Spain: EUNSA, 2005. In Spanish. –  “Estrategias retóricas de autoridad” [Rhetorical Strategies of Authority]. In Palabra de Dios, Sagrada Escritura, Iglesia, ed. Vicente Balaguer y Juan Luis

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Caballero. Simposios Internacionales de Teología 29. Pamplona: Eunsa, 2008. 249–52. In Spanish. Begins with a discussion of rhetoric as one of the five modes of language in Frye’s late work. –  “Imágenes y anagnorisis en La Celestina” [Imagery and Recognition in La Celestina]. Nueva Revista Filología Hispánica 53, no. 2 (2005): 457–79. Glances at Frye’s account of the double vision of tragedy. –  “Mito, interés y compromiso: Arquetipos narrativos en los libros de caballerías” [Myth, Interest and Commitment: Narrative Archetypes in the Books of Chivalry]. Revista de Filología Hispánica 25, no. 1 (2009): 102–21. In Spanish. An investigation of the Spanish sixteenth-century books of Castilian chivalresque romance by way of Frye’s theory of romance in The Secular Scripture in order to reveal the deep structure of this genre. –  “Visiones para una poética [Visions for a Poetic], por Luis Galván.” Revista de Filología Hispánica 25, no. 1 (2009): 1–7. In Spanish. An introduction and overview of the proceedings of the conference Visiones para una poética: En el cincuentenario de “Anatomy of Criticism” de Northrop Frye, held at the University of Navarra 24– 25 May 2007. The introduction is preceded by “Sumario Analítifco/Analytical Summary,” which contains the abstracts in both English and Spanish of the papers presented at the conference. Galvin, Brendan. “A Note on T.S. Eliot’s ‘New Hampshire’ as a Lyric Poem.” Massachusetts Studies in English 1 (Fall 1967): 44–5. Observes that the poem conforms to Frye’s definition of lyric. Gambetta, Eugenia. “‘No tiene iglesias, ni escuelas’: El gaucho y los modelos de civilización en la novelística rioplatense” [They neither Have Churches nor Schools’: The Gaucho and the Cultural Models in the River Plate Novels]. Alpha 38 (July 2014): 39–50. In Spanish. Gan, Peter. Review of The Immediacy of Mystical Experience in the European Tradition, ed. Miklós Vassányi, Enikő Sepsi, and Anikó Daróczi. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2017. One notable chapter is Sára Tóth’s “on Northrop Frye’s dialectical relation between mystical unity and divine immanence on the one hand and postmodernity’s diversity and otherness and divine transcendence on the other.” Gang, Zhu. “Literary Heritage of Northrop Frye: An Interview in the Frye Centre.” Foreign Literature Newsletter 2 (1999). Ganim, John M. “Drama, Theatricality and Performance: Radicals of Presentation in the Canterbury Tales.”

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In Drama, Narrative and Poetry in the “Canterbury Tales”, ed. Wendy Harding. Toulouse, France: Presses Universitaires du Mirail, 2003. 69–82. Chaucer manipulates a number of Frye’s “radicals of presentation,” allowing perpetual reinterpretation through the overlay of what had usually been considered quite distinct radicals of presentation. Ganzevoort, R. Ruard. “Narrative Approaches.” In The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Practical Theology, ed. Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore. Oxford, UK: Wiley Blackwell, 2011. 214–23. Frye’s work is one of four sources for understanding narrative approaches in practical theology. Gao Hai. 神话的诗学 : 诺·弗莱文学批评理论研究 = Mythical Poetics: A Study of Northrop Frye’s Literary Critical Theory. Beijing: Zhongguo ren min da xue chu ban she, 2008. In Chinese. Gao, Ruiyi. “The U-shaped Narrative Structure in The Sorrows of Young Werther.” Journal of Chuxiong Normal University 1 (2015): 27–31. In Chinese. Garber, Marjorie. “Heyday.” Symploke, 27, nos. 1–2 (2019): 433–41. “The literary theorists who spoke at the [English] Institute in the 40s and 50s included, among others, W.K. Wimsatt, Cleanth Brooks, Lionel Trilling, Northrop Frye, Leslie Fielder, and M.H. Abrams. If this group sounds a little parochial, a little Ivy-League-y or East-Coast-y, and more than a little white and male, that was the Institute—and that was to a large extent the North American theory lineup, in those years.” –  “Over the Influence.” Critical Inquiry 42, no. 4 (Summer 2016): 731–59. In a commanding study of the influence of critic upon critic, pays special attention to the influence of Frye on Harold Bloom. –  “Ovid, Now and Then.” Chapter 2 of The Muses on Their Lunch Hour: New York: Fordham University Press, 2017. 11–31. “During what might be called the long mid-century period, the period from about 1950 to about 1980, interest in myth and in archetypes and archetypal criticism held an honored place in both literary and popular culture. . . . Critical theorists from Francis Fergusson to Kenneth Burke to Northrop Frye led the way with strong cross-cultural claims about similitude and difference. A quest for universals and universal myths and patterns preoccupied scholars, whether in the archetypes of Frye or the quite different archetypes of Carl Jung. . . . Myth was everywhere. And then the moment was gone. Historical questions about the local, the specific, the contingent and the idiosyncratic took center stage, and universal claims— claims about universal symbols or universal practices

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or universal beliefs—tended to be regarded as naïve, or hegemonic, or both.” Garber goes on to examine the connection between Frye and Fredric Jameson and Frye and Harold Bloom. Her chapter on Shakespeare includes Frye as one of eight Shakespeareans noted “for their memorable combination of scholarship and lecture/performance.” Garber, Michael G. “Tragicomedy, Melodrama, and Genre in Early Sound Films: The Case of Two ‘Sad Clown’ Musicals.” CINEJ: Cinema Journal 5, no. 2 (2016): 53–86. “Berlin’s lyrics for ‘Alice in Wonderland’ exemplify what Feuer calls the ‘Ode to Entertainment’: “The narratives of musicals place themselves firmly within a long tradition of popular entertainment. . . . The Ode to Entertainment is working out of this shared tradition.” Further, ‘wherever such numbers occur, they always serve a finale function, including us in the celebration of another entertainment triumph.’ This ‘showbiz’ mode links itself most closely with the comic mythos. In musicals with a New Comedy structure, the Ode to Entertainment is part of the celebration of the united romantic couple, who are a metaphor for the triumph of spring. As Northrop Frye describes it, these celebrations become an expression of the communitas of a community of goodwill. At the story’s end, all negative elements are either integrated into this society or expelled and the ‘good’ society takes form around the couple.” García Arteaga Aguilar, Ricardo. “Historia del Descenso en El Orfeo de Tennessee Williams” [History of the Descent in The Orpheus of Tennessee Williams]. Casa del Tiempo (Mexico) 3, no. 29 (June 2001): 45–53. In Spanish. Interprets Williams’s play in terms of the four mythoi of Frye. García, Pedro Javier Pardo. “Consideraciones sobre la teoría del desplazamiento en Northrop Frye” [Considerations of the Theory of Displacement in Northrop Frye]. Contextos 11, nos. 21–2 (1993): 291– 316. In Spanish. The notion of “displacement” is one of the recurring constants in Frye’s work, though it appears in different contexts and in different places. García seeks to reconstruct a more coherent and unified theory than Frye’s somewhat fragmentary presentation affords. García Sánchez, Franklin B. “Prerrealismo y fantasía en Larra: El doncel de Don Enrique el Doliente” [Prerealism and Fantasy in Larra: The Doncel of Don Enrique the Doliente]. Revista Canadiense de Estudios Hispánicos 15, no. 3 (Spring 1991): 517–29. In Spanish. Draws on Frye’s theory of romance as developed in The Secular Scripture.

Gardner, John. “The Idea of Moral Criticism.” Western Humanities Review 31 (Spring 1977): 97–109 [99–101]. Says that, like the New Critics, Frye claims “that what counts in literature is not what it says, what it affirms and promulgates, but only how well it works as a selfcontained, organic whole busy doing whatever it does.” Such a position abandons the primary function of art, which is affirmation. Garin, Manuel. “Truth Takes Time: Los vínculos entre heroínas, géneros y narrativas en tres series televisivas de J.J. Abrams” [Truth Takes Time: The Interplay between Heroines, Genres and Narratives in Three J.J. Abrams’s Television Series]. Comunicación y Sociedad 26, no. 2 (2013): 47–64. In Spanish. “Beyond the distinguished names and revolutionary strategies that we have linked to Abrams’ method (conceiving it as a collective, teambased dynamic), his distinct combination of emo gen and wow gen virtually always leads to happy ending formulas. Formulas close to what Northrop Frye called Hollywood gimmicks and weenies, thus bringing his series nearer to comedy.” Garofalo, Daniela. “Romanticism and Pleasure; Wordsworth and the Enlightenment Idea of Pleasure.” European Romantic Review 25, no. 1 (January 2014): 68–74. Garrett, James M. “Writing Community: Bessie Head and the Politics of Narrative.” Research in African Literatures 30, no. 2 (Summer 1999): 122–35. On, among other things, the romance patterns in Head’s fiction, as these patterns are defined by Frye. Garrido Ardila, J.A. “Diégesis y digresiones episódicas en el Quijote” [Diegesis and Episodic Digressions in Don Quixote]. Bulletin of Hispanic Studies 92, no. 8 (2015): 879–96. In Spanish. Turns to Frye’s theory of displacement to explain the function of the digressive stories in Don Quixote. –  “Origins and Definition of the Picaresque Genre.” In The Picaresque Novel in Western Literature: From the Sixteenth Century to the Neopicaresque, ed. J.A. Garrido Ardila. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2015. 1–23. Sees Lazarillo de Tormes as exemplifying Frye’s “hence,” as opposed to his “and-then,” narrative principle, as these are established in The Secular Scripture. Garrido, Germán. “Las palomas de Gracchus: Una poética kantiana de la lectura” [Gracchus Pigeons: A Kantian Poetics of Reading]. Revista de Filología Hispánica 33, no. 1 (2017): 207–38. In Spanish. Paul Ricoeur moves away from structuralism in affirming the historical and

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

contingent character of the conventions of literature that Frye classifies in Anatomy of Criticism. In Spanish. Garrod, Stan. “Glimpses from a Train Window: Some Reflections on Phronesis and Pedagogy.” English Studies in Canada 37, no. 2 (June 2011): 17–27. Uses Frye’s train-window metaphor from The Modern Century to reflect on “the interconnectedness of phronesis, imagination, metaphor, and environmental/geographic education.” Garzón Martínez, Camilo. “La génesis de la Constitución Política de Colombia de 1991 a la luz de la discusión sobre el Mito Político” [The Genesis of the 1999 Political Constitution of Colombia in the Light of the Discussion about the Political Myth]. Desafíos 29, no. 1 (2017): 109– 38. In Spanish. Calls on Frye’s notion that all the genres of literature derive from myth. Gaskill, Nicholas. “The Close and the Concrete: Aesthetic Formalism in Context.” New Literary History 47, no. 4 (Autumn 2016): 505–24. “As Northrop Frye puts it in reference to The Winter’s Tale, ‘the meaning of the play is the play, there being nothing to be abstracted from the total experience of the play. Progress in grasping the meaning is a progress, not in seeing more in the play, but in seeing more of it.’” Gassol i Bellet, Olivia. La “Pell de brau” de Salvador Espriu, o, El mite de la salvació [The “Pell de brau” by Salvador Espriu, or, The Myth of Salvation]. Barcelona: Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat, 2003. In Catalan. Applies Frye’s notion of encyclopedic form to the works of Salvador Espriu. Gaston, Sean. “The Impossibility of Sympathy.” The Eighteenth Century 51, nos. 1–2 (2010): 129–52. “At the time that Bertolt Brecht and Walter Benjamin were warning of the political dangers of empathy (Einfühlung), the North American academy was embracing the eighteenth century as a century of feeling, sensibility, and sympathy. In From Classic to Romantic (1946), Walter Jackson Bate had made the case for the ‘age of feeling,’ and in the 1950s Northrop Frye introduced his influential notion of the ‘age of sensibility’ as a broad description of literature after Pope and before Wordsworth.” Gatenby, Greg. Toronto: A Literary Guide. Toronto: MacArthur and Co., 1999. Includes Frye in his literary ramble through Toronto’s neighbourhoods. Gatewood, John B. “A Short Typology of Ethnographic Genres: Or Ways to Write about Other Peoples.” Anthropology and Humanism 9, no. 4 (December 1984): 5–10. “My method of identifying literary genres differs

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from previous writers on the topic, such as Thornton and Marcus and Cushman. Thornton explicates the historical rise of the ethnographic monograph as a distinctive literary form during the nineteenth century. Marcus, following Northrop Frye, focuses his analysis on the rhetorical devices by which an ethnography compels its reader’s belief in the truth, or at least the credibility of its claims. These approaches—historical and rhetorical—are commendable.” Gaudio, Michael. “Looking as a Scholar, Thinking Like a Rattle Head: On William Laud, Little Gidding, the Law, and the Gospel.” Oxford Art Journal 36, no. 3 (2013): 345–68. Gault, Cinda. “Grooving the Nation: 1965–1980 as a Literary Era in Canada.” American Review of Canadian Studies 38, no. 3 (2008): 361–79. On the role of Frye’s “Conclusion” to the Literary History of Canada and his own brand of thematic response in the criticism of Canadian literature. Gautier, Gary. “Henry and Sarah Fielding on Romance and Sensibility.” Novel 31, no. 2 (Spring 1998): 195–214. Stakes out a position for reading Fielding midway between Frye’s theory of romance and the ideologically grounded theory of Henry Knight Miller. Gavaler, Chris. “Genre Apocalypse.” Chronicle of Higher Education (26 January 2015). http://chronicle.com/ article/Genre-Apocalypse/151327/. On Frye’s place in the new questions about the study of genre. A response in part to Rothman, Joshua, below. Gay, David. “‘The Humanized God’: Biblical Paradigms of Recognition in Frye’s Final Three Books.” In Kee, Northrop Frye and the Afterlife of the Word, 39–57. Maintains that the culminating focus of recognition in Frye’s final three books is the idea of a humanized God, which is identified with the release of imaginative power. –  “The Persistence of Vision: Northrop Frye in the Context of Religion.” Christianity and Literature 55, no. 3 (Spring 2006): 445–61. Review essay of Robert D. Denham, Northrop Frye: Religious Visionary and Architect of the Spiritual World; Jeffrey Donaldson and Alan Mendelson, eds., Frye and the Word; and Northrop Frye’s Notebooks and Lectures on the Bible and Other Religious Texts, ed. Robert D. Denham. –  “‘Rapt Spirits’: 2 Corinthians 12.2–5 and the Language of Milton’s Comus.” Milton Quarterly 29, no. 3 (1995): 76–86. Notes Frye’s distinction between the language of love in Corinthians and the language of argument and refutation, in which Milton’s Comus is skilled.

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–  “‘Waiting to Be Recognized’: Reading as Process in Northrop Frye’s The Double Vision.” Christianity and Literature 44 (Spring–Summer 1995): 327–43. Argues that Frye’s last book deliberately identifies critical and social vision. Gearey, Adam. “Love and Death in American Jurisprudence: Myth, Aesthetics, Law.” In Studies in Law, Politics and Society, vol. 33. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing, 2004. 3–23. Gebbia, Alessandro. “L’idea di letteratura canadese in Frye” [Frye’s Idea of Canadian Literature]. In Lombardo, Ritratto, 313–30. In Italian. On the aesthetic and social concerns in Frye’s criticism of Canadian literature. –  “Introduzione” to La narrazioni magiche [The Magical Narratives], by Fredric Jameson. Rome: Lerici, 1977. In Italian. –  “L’ultimo nuova mondo” [The Last New World]. MondOperaio 40 (June 1987): 115–17. In Italian. –  “Osmosi tra le storie culturale e sociale” [Osmosis between Cultural and Social Stories]. Avanti (3 July 1987). In Italian. Geddes, John. “Frye Saw Antony and Cleopatra’s Air ‘Thick with Information’ Making It Shakespeare’s Perfect Play for the 21st Century.” Maclean’s (22 April 2016). On the impending 400th anniversary of Shakespeare’s death, a reminiscence about having attended Frye’s nowpublished Shakespeare lectures. “Back in the early 1980s, Frye saw an era dawning that reminded him of Antony and Cleopatra. In the play, the Roman Empire sprawls into the Middle East; it’s nothing like the contained atmosphere audiences sense in Shakespeare’s English history plays. ‘We’re not in a closely knit kingdom anymore,’ Frye said. ‘There’s only one world, so there’s no patriotism, only more or less loyalty to competing leaders.’ The shared currency of this boundless world is what we might now call data or content. ‘There are any number of messengers in the play, and the air is thick with information and news,’ Frye observed, ‘but nothing seems to be getting communicated, although when something does happen it affects the whole world at once.’” –  “Surviving the Era of ‘Tantrum Style’ Politics.” Maclean’s (24 September 2019). https://www.macleans. ca/politics/washington/surviving-the-era-of-tantrumstyle-politics/. Notes Frye’s critical preoccupation with cultivating what he called democracy’s “shaping and controlling vision.” Draws substantially on Frye’s analysis of political rhetoric in The Well-Tempered

Critic, where he writes, “A mob always implies some object of resentment, and political leaders who speak for the mob aspect of their society develop a special kind of tantrum style, a style constructed almost entirely out of unexamined clichés.” –  “Trump, the Pure Voice of Ego.” Maclean’s (15 May 2017). “When I need to get clear on something that’s been written or spoken, I find it helps to turn to the late Northrop Frye, the peerless University of Toronto literary critic. Frye, as usual, comes through on this one. In The Well-Tempered Critic, published in 1963, he itemizes what the pure voice of ego likes to drone on about. ‘It can,’ Frye said, ‘express only the generic: food, sex, possessions, gossip, aggressiveness and resentments.’ Has Trump ever held forth on anything not on Frye’s short list? Obviously his default mode is to let flow a rhetorical sludge of aggressiveness and resentments. But, often enough, he has resorted to boasting about his possessions, or sunk to puerile sex talk, or merely gossiped, or even, as in the beautiful cake example, lapsed into banal food chatter. Any of these subjects, naturally, can be discussed engagingly. But Frye explained how they also lend themselves to predigested verbiage in a way that makes them irresistible subjects for the voice of ego. ‘Its natural affinity,’ he said, ‘is for the ready-made phrase, the cliché, because it tends to address itself to the reflexes of the hearer, rather than to his intelligence or emotions.’” Gellrich, Jesse. “The Structure of Allegory.” In The Existential Coordinates of the Human Condition: Poetic-Epic-Tragic: The Literary Genre, ed. Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka. Dordrecht: Reidel, 1984. 505–19. Glances briefly at Frye’s symbolic concept of genre, which is seen as a means of opening up the New Critical tendency to derive meaning solely from the surface texture of literature. George, Jibu Mathew. “The Ontology of Gods: An Account of Enchantment, Disenchantment, and ReEnchantment.” InThe Ontology of Religious Narratives: Nuances, Potencies, and Crossovers. Cham: Springer International Publishing; Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. 85–93. Calls on Frye’s classification of fictions in the First Essay of Anatomy of Criticism according to the hero’s power of action. Gergen, Kenneth J., and Mary M. Gergen. “Narrative and the Self as Relationship.” In Advances in Experimental Social Psychology: Social Psychological Studies of the Self: Perspectives and Programs, ed. Leonard Berkowitz. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1988. 17–56. Translated into Hungarian as “A narratívumok és az Én, mint viszonyrendszer,” in Válogatás a szociális

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

megismerés szakirodalmából, ed. J. László. Budapest: Tankönyvkiadó, 1992. 127–73. Rpt. in Narratívák 5: Narratív pszichológia, ed. J. László and Beáta Thomka. Budapest: Kijárat, 2001. 77–119. In Hungarian. In this study of narrative psychology, the authors begin by describing the micro-structure of the “intelligible narrative” in Western culture, followed by a catalogue of the four basic types of narrative forms derived from Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism. Frye’s mythoi are then combined with the authors’ definitions of narratives based on how they organize change in terms of a time continuum (stability narratives, progressive narratives, and regressive narratives). This produces the complex of narrative types: the tragic narrative (in which a progressive narrative is followed by a regressive one), the comedy-romance narrative (in which a regressive narrative is followed by a progressive one), the “happily ever after” narrative (in which a progressive narrative is followed by a stability narrative), and the romantic legend narrative (in which progressive and regressive phases alternate). Gerhardt, Christine, ed. Handbook of the American Novel of the Nineteenth Century. Boston and Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2018. Frye’s views on romance and utopian fiction are noted. Gerhart, Mary. “Northrop Frye.” In The Question of Belief in Literary Criticism: An Introduction to the Hermeneutical Theory of Paul Ricoeur. Stuttgart: Akademischer Verlag H.-D. Heinz, 1979. 47–67. Chapter 2 is devoted to Frye’s general contribution and his views on the issue of belief. –  “The Question of Belief in Literary Criticism.” In Creativity and Method: Essays in Honor of Bernard Lonergan, SJ, ed. Matthew Lamb. Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 1981. 385–8. Sees Frye’s work as representing a second stage of reflection on the question of the role of belief in literary criticism, following the first stage represented by I.A. Richards and preceding the present stage of neo-Kantians and hermeneutical critics. Summarizes Frye’s view on the issue: he seems to argue for a “categorical exclusion of the question of belief on the assumption that it is a threat to imagination,” but in fact he is always raising questions about meaning, verification, and commitment. Geritz, Albert. Review of The Portrayal of Life Stages in English Literature, 1500–1800: Infancy, Youth, Marriage, Aging, Death, Martyrdom: Essays in Honor of Warren Wooden, ed. Jeanie Watson and Philip McM. Pittman. Moreana 29, no. 109 (March 1992): 87–90. “Bennett A. Brockman’s ‘Medieval Children and the Poetics of Romance’ addresses this question: What did medieval

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children, whose literature was the same as that of their elders, learn from those romances? Brockman adds his observations about the romance genre to those of Henry James and Northrop Frye.” Gerrard, Alice, Henry Shannon, Alice Foster, Anglican Church of Canada, and United Church of Canada. Break Thru. Audiobook on LP. 2 audio discs, analog, 33 1/3 rpm. [Toronto]: United Church of Canada, 1967. Frye’s contributions highlighted in three areas: life on other planets, communications, and religion. Gerry, Thomas M.F. The Emblems of James Reaney. Erin, ON: Porcupine’s Quill Press, 2013. Notes the intellectual and imaginative debts Reaney owes to Frye, who was his dissertation adviser at the University of Toronto. –  “‘Imagining Out Things’: The Act of Vision in James Reaney’s Alphabet.” University of Toronto Quarterly 70, no. 4 (October 2001): 357–68. “Many of Frye’s expressions of his insights into Blake’s ideas accurately describe James Reaney’s career as a visionary poet-dramatist.” –  “Marvellous Playhouses: The Emblems of James Reaney.” Queen’s Quarterly 126, no. 2 (Summer 2019): 194–209. “The closing three textual lines of ‘Egypt’ are both a prayer for ‘vision’ and an intuitive conception of the world as it would be, reborn into freedom from the perspective harness pyramid grave [sic]. The words ‘dear’ and ‘brother’ indicate that in the recreated world love would be present and fundamental. Repeating the term that Warkentin stresses, in Fearful Symmetry Reaney’s teacher Northrop Frye explains that ‘Love, or the transformation of the objective into the beloved, and art, or the transformation of the object into the created, are the two activities pursued on this earth to repair the damage of the Fall.” Gerson, Carole. “Mid-Century Modernity and Fiction by Women, 1920–1950.” In The Oxford Handbook of Canadian Literature, ed. Cynthia Sugars. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2016. Notes that Frye and eight other early Canadian critics of Canadian literature were all educated abroad. Gervais, Marty. “Northrop Frye.” In Seeds in the Wilderness: Profiles of World Religious Leaders. Kingston, ON: Quarry Press, 1994. Chapter 21 is “Northrop Frye, The Great Code.” Getz, Kristina. “Big About Green”: The Ecopoetry of Earle Birney.” Canadian Literature 226 (Autumn 2015): 76–92. “While Frye noted that ‘[n]ature is consistently sinister and menacing in Canadian poetry,’ in Birney’s

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‘Transcontinental,’ it is humanity that presents the true menace.” Ghandeharion, Azra. “Yeats’s Archetypal Eternity in The Wild Swans at Coole.” Analele Universităţii Ovidius din Constanţa: Seria Filologie 1 (2015): 13–21. On Frye’s archetypal criticism as distinguished from that of Wheelwright and Jung. Gheran, Niculae. “Past History in the Dark Future: Romantic Heterotopias and the Preservation of Memories within the Dystopian City.” Caietele Echinox 27 (2014): 102–13. “Northrop Frye believed that ‘utopia is the comic inversion of the tragic structure of the “contract myth”’ and, hence, represents the desire for the restoration of that “which existing society has lost, forfeited, rejected, or violated.” Gibbons, Daniel R. “Inhuman Persuasion in The Tempest.” Studies in Philology 114, no. 2 (Spring 2017): 302–30. “Those who place greater weight on the affliction of Prospero’s mind, the fragility of his self-control, and the wrathful severity of his punishments throughout the play tend to see greater dramatic tension and moral urgency in the opening of the final act. One can see the contours of the disagreement in a survey of modern editorial commentaries. David Bevington portrays him as a wise humanist, burdened by responsibility, but not at all vicious. Northrop Frye regards Prospero as a thoroughly admirable model of self-control. . . .” Gieba, Kamila. “Schematy fabularne w polskiej literaturze okcydentalnej (na przykładzie prozy Eugeniusza Paukszty, Henryka Panasa i Józefa Hena)” [Fiction Schemes in Polish Occidental Literature (on the example of prose by Eugene Paukszty, Henry Panas, and Joseph Hen)]. Konteksty Kultury 4 (2014): 347–61. In Polish. “The paper analyses the plot patterns particular to the settler literature, dealing with the processes of settlement of the so-called Recovered Territories, annexed to Poland after 1945 in the aftermath of the Yalta Conference. For this analysis, Northrop Frye’s concept of plot patterns was applied. In the narratives under discussion, plot is usually organized by an ascending movement intended to correspond to positive transformations of the so-called Recovered Territories and improvement of the settlers’ situation. This is the case with novels by Eugeniusz Paukszta. The article also shows deviations from this principle, as introduced, among others, by Henryk Panas and Józef Hen. Transformation of the plot pattern customarily used in settler novels performs a demythologizing function and unmasks the negative aspects of the ‘resettlement epic.’”

Giffen, Sheila, and Brendan McCormick. “What’s New?” Canadian Literature 226 (Autumn 2015): 6–15. McCormick still finds it curious why he was not introduced to Frye in his post-secondary education. Gil Guerrero, Herminia. Poética narrativa de Jorge Luis Borges. Madrid/Frankfurt: Iberoamericana/Vervuert, 2008. In Spanish. In a first chapter, entitled “A Growing Interest,” the author summarizes some works of literary criticism devoted to the influence of the Bible in literature in general, such as those of Northrop Frye and Harold Bloom. Gilbert, Elliot L. “‘A Wondrous Contiguity’: Anachronism in Carlyle’s Prophecy and Art.” PMLA 87, no. 3 (May 1972): 432–42. Notes that Thomas Carlyle’s writing has been deplored by some critics, Frye among them, as anachronistic; to the extent, however, that Carlyle considered time a “liar” and a “universal wonder-hider,” he deliberately employed anachronism both structurally and thematically in his work to express his most characteristic insights. Gilbert, Gaelan. “Martianus Capella and Saint Benedict: The Critical Arts of Encyclopedic Satire and New-old Forms-of-life.” Postmedieval, suppl. Critical/Liberal/Arts 6, no. 4 (Winter 2015): 406–16. “Mikhail Bakhtin and Northrop Frye have each emphasized that the Menippa or encyclopedic satire was a form of intellectual parody which targeted lofty individuals or schools of thought, casting them in scenarios of dialogue, dining and drinking—symposia, to be precise—as a way of critically disclosing the limits of their practical relevance.” Gilbert, Paula R., and Lorna M. Irvine. “Pre- and Postmortem: Regendering and Serial Killing in Rioux, Dandurand, Dé, and Atwood.” American Review of Canadian Studies 29, no. 1 (Spring 1999): 119–39. “When Northrop Frye wrote his now-famous concluding essay for the 1965 Literary History of Canada, he argued that Canadians historically have had significant respect for law and order in the face of mammoth, threatening, and sometimes monstrous wilderness space. Although Frye uses European existentialism and the Russian Revolution as examples of different social structures and philosophies, his underlying comparison throughout the essay is, in fact, between Canada and the United States. Assuming Canada’s overriding mythology to be pastoral, Frye found it an easy step to emphasize that Canada, unlike the United States with its history of revolution and technological productivity, is on a ‘quest for the peaceable kingdom.’ Following Frye’s lead, and writing a few years later, historians such as William Kilbourn have extended Frye’s assertion; writing in ‘The Quest

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for the Peaceable Kingdom,’ Kilbourn suggests that the British North America Act ‘sets up objectives of peace, order and good government’ and, further developing the assumed contrast between Canada and the United States, argues that ‘in a masculine world of the assertive will and the cutting edge of intellect, a certain Canadian tendency to the amorphous permissive feminine principle of openness and toleration and acceptance offers the possibility of healing.’ Both Frye’s emphasis on peace and Kilbourn’s—and other historians’— willingness to gender North America so casually have been roundly debunked.” Gilchrist, Kim. “Mucedorus: The Last Ludic Playbook, the First Stage Arcadia.” Shakespeare (14 November 2017): 1–20. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/ 17450918.2017.1393455. “Argues that two seemingly contradictory factors contributed to and sustained the success of the anonymous Elizabethan play Mucedorus (c. 1590; pub. 1598). First, that both the initial composition of Mucedorus and its Jacobean revival were driven in part by the popularity of its source, Philip Sidney’s Arcadia. Second, the playbook’s invitation to amateur playing allowed its romance narrative to be adopted and repurposed by diverse social groups. These two factors combined to create something of a paradox, suggesting that Mucedorus was both open to all yet iconographically connected to an elite author’s popular text. Frye dismissed its combination of apparently simplistic romance and clowning as an example of ‘simple-minded plays of the public theatre.’” Gilead, Sarah. “Ubi Sunt: Allusion and Temporality in Victorian Poetry.” Victorian Poetry 56, no. 3 (Fall 2018): 265–85. “Scholars have noted the ways in which literary allusion rests on the notion of ‘the poet as heir.’ Christopher Ricks, citing J.B. Broadbent as the originator of the phrase, explains that ‘[l]iterary allusion is a way of dealing with the predicaments and responsibilities of ‘the poet as heir’” and of poetic ‘inheritance.’ As Northrop Frye points out in his essay on ‘Lycidas,’ the speaker of traditional elegy positions himself as inheritor of his predecessor’s poetic power: ‘In pastoral elegy the poet who laments the death is often so closely associated with the dead man as to make him a kind of double or shadow of himself.’” Gill, Glen Robert. “Archetypal Criticism: Jung and Frye.” In A Companion to Literary Theory, ed. David H. Richter. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley/Blackwell, 2018. 396–407. Argues that Frye developed his theory of the archetype through his study of Blake’s poetry and Frazer’s The Golden Bough, a theory he then applied to literature at large in Anatomy of Criticism.

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–  “Beyond Anagogy: Northrop Frye’s Existential (Re) Visions.” In O’Grady and Wang, Northrop Frye, 42–53. Focuses on the principles of kerygma and ecstatic metaphor in Frye’s Words with Power: kerygma is “both the medium and the message of a collective humanistic epiphany.” –  “Conclusion: Phenomenology and Postmodern Mythography: Northrop Frye’s Words with Power and the Theory of Kerygma.” In Northrop Frye and the Phenomenology of Myth. University of Toronto Press, 2006. 179–202. –  “The Dialectics of Myth: Northrop Frye’s Theory of Culture.” In Northrop Frye 100: A Danubian Perspective, ed. Sára Tóth, Tibor Fabiny, János Kenyeres, and Péter Pásztor. Budapest: KGRE–L’Harmattan, 2014. 72–89. Argues that there has been a bifurcation in the view of Frye as a theorist of myth and as a social and cultural critic. Demonstrates that the two views are interrelated and interdependent as dialectical phases or elements in a single, over-arching vision or theory of myth-as-cultural-process. –  “The Fisher Queen: Northrop Frye’s ‘Royal Metaphor’ and Elizabeth Bishop’s ‘The Fish.’” In Divisions of the Heart: Elizabeth Bishop and the Art of Memory and Place, ed. Sandra Barry et al. Wolfville, NS: Gaspereau, 2001. 209–16. –  “The Flesh Made Word: Body and Spirit in the New Archetypology of Northrop Frye.” In Donaldson and Mendelson, Frye and the Word, 123–36. Surveys Frye’s theory of myth and his notion of primary concerns. Argues that the kerygmatic thrust in Frye’s late work has an existential and phenomenological dimension, providing us with myths to live by. –  “Introduction.” In Northrop Frye on Twentieth-Century Literature. Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 29. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2010. xxiii–lviii. –  “Northrop Frye’s Words with Power: The Function of Myth Criticism at the Present Time.” In Wang and O’Grady, New Directions, 199–218. Argues that Words with Power can lead to “a fuller awareness of the relationship between mythology, ideology, and history.” –  Re-envisioning Myth in Star Wars: Episode VII: The Force Awakens.” Journal of Religion and Popular Culture 31, no. 1 (2019) 3–15. “As literary critic Northrop Frye explains, myth requires continual revision and representation: ‘Myths have been retold and reinterpreted in countless ways by later writers, and will be to the end of human culture as we know it. . . . It does not follow that these repetitions of myths go back to a

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still more profound myth in the remote past. . . . [I]t is simpler to assume that the real sense of profundity is derived from the opposite process—that is, the accumulation and constant recreation.’” Gill, Sam. Review of The Semiotic of Myth: A Critical Study of the Symbol, by James Jakób Liszka. American Anthropologist 93, no. 3 (September 1991): 729–30. “Liszka analyzes the structure of myth in conversation with the positions of Vladimir Propp, Claude LéviStrauss, A. J. Greimas, and Claude Bremond. He uses the literary criticism of Northrop Frye. He recognizes myth narratives as oriented by one of four strategies—tragedy, comedy, romance, satire/irony— for reorganizing the tensions between hierarchical order and its disruption. Myths have a fundamental ambivalence toward the hierarchies they represent, and it is due to this ambivalence that myths must interpret.” Gillespie, Gerald E.P. “Newer Archaeologies of the Soul: Avatars of Religious Consciousness in Modern European Fiction.” Neohelicon 42, no. 2 (December 2015): 415–23. “By the late seventeenth century European savants could consult such ingenious speculations on the evolution of religion as Athanasius Kircher’s Oedipus Aegyptiacus (1652) and Ralph Cudworth’s The True Intellectual System of the Universe (1678). Among strands to follow in the grand narrative that works like these propose, we could, for example, focus on those elements which the critic Northrop Frye examined a generation ago in The Great Code: The Bible and Literature . . . With many fascinating nodular points over several millennia tacitly in mind, I will start out here arbitrarily from the Revolutionary age and the nineteenth century to consider some ways in which avatars of religious consciousness are reflected in literary works down to the present.” –  “Rewriting an Older Genre: The Example of Norman Tutorow’s Addendum to the New.” Interlitteraria 2 (2010): 571–6. “Thus the Autobiography is proudly a miniaturized ‘newer’ testament that attempts to point the way toward superseding many aspects of the enormous inheritance of textual habits which the bible tradition has imprinted on Eurocentric cultures—a subject treated in major studies such as Northrop Frye’s The Great Code: The Bible and Literature (1981). In ‘rewriting’ Scripture, in no small measure against untold generations of preceding exegetes, but also in selective agreement with more recent biblical scholarship.” Gilliot, Claude. “Kontinuität und Wandel in der ‘klassischen’ islamischen Koranauslegung (II./VII.-XII./ XIX. Jh.)” [Continuity and Change in the “Classical” Islamic Interpretation of the Koran]. Der Islam 85, no. 1

(2008): 1–155. In German. Notes that just as the Bible is the “Great Code” for Christianity, in Blake’s sense and in Frye’s, so the Koran is the “Great Code” for Islam. Giltrow, Janet, and David Stouck. “‘Survivors of the night’: The Language and Politics of Epic in Antonine Maillet’s Pelagie-la-charrette.” University of Toronto Quarterly 71, no. 3 (Summer 2002): 735–54. “The most extensive theory of mode in literary study, Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism differs from what we observe in that it is more closely tied to history. Expanding on an idea in Aristotle’s Poetics, Frye classifies literature in five different modes according to the hero’s power of action: myth, romance, high and low mimesis, and irony. This is the basis for what Frye calls ‘historical criticism,’ and his survey of fifteen hundred years of European literature traces the centre of gravity moving steadily down the list from myth in the early Middle Ages to the ironic mode in the twentieth century. Although Frye allows for the presence of other modes during a given period (irony in Chaucer, for example), his understanding of mode is essentially a historical one.” Gin, Pascal. “Frontières et transversalité: La mondialisation littéraire à l’épreuve du comparatisme canadien” [Frontiers and Transversality: Literary Globalization Challenged by Canadian Comparatism]. Canadian Review of Comparative Literature/Revue Canadienne de Littérature Comparée 36, no. 1 (2009): 25–39. Begins by suggesting that Frye’s famous question about Canadian identity, “Where is here,” is today more complex than questions about the specificity of place. “Here is where” might be a more appropriate question to ask about the localization of literary knowledge in a globalized world. Gingrich, Brian. “Pace and Epiphany.” New Literary History 49, no. 3 (Summer 2018): 361–82. “The main challenge for a critical analysis of epiphany lies in attending to its split mythical/historical character. Northrop Frye defines epiphany twice in the Anatomy of Criticism (1957): once from an archetypal perspective, as ‘the symbolic presentation of the point at which the undisplaced apocalyptic world and the cyclical world of nature come into alignment,’ and once from a historical one, as ‘the kind of non-didactic revelation’ presented by the ironic poets who, ‘succeed[ing] the Romantics,’ ‘turn away from the world’ toward considerations of ‘craftsmanship.’” Ginnan, Alexander. “From Recoil to Ruination.” Cineaction 86 (2012): 14–17. According to Bart Testa “the Canadian (he is referring to the English-speaking settler society) response to the landscape engendered a particular cast of mind which Northrop Frye theorized as ‘the garrison mentality.’ According to

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Frye, the Canadian experience consists of two spaces: the landscape with its inhuman scale and threatening otherness, and a safe interior space carved out for the sake of human survival.” Girard, René. “Doubles and the Pharmakos: LéviStrauss, Frye, Derrida, and Shakespeare.” In Oedipus Unbound: Selected Writings on Rivalry and Desire, ed. Mark Anspach. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 2004. 95–106. Looks at Frye’s discussion of the pharmakos as contributing to our understanding of the undifferentiated qualities of myth and ritual. –  “Lévi-Strauss, Frye, Derrida, and Shakespearean Criticism.” Diacritics 3 (Fall 1973): 34–8. Uses Frye’s discussion of pharmakos to lend support to his own argument about “differentiation” in myth and ritual. Girardi, Enzo Noé. “Critica e letteratura nell’opera di Northrop Frye” [Criticism and Literature in the Work of Northrop Frye]. L’analisi critica e letteraria (2008): 47–81. In Italian. Girevska, Marija. “Сеќавање на Светото писмо: Стариот завет во Џојсовата “Телéмахијада” [Remembering the Scripture: Old Testament in Joyce’s “Telemachiad”]. Context/Контекст 16 (2017): 135–43. In Croatian. “Northrop Frye reads Joyce’s contribution to world literature and culture as a continuity of Christian tradition.” Gitay, Yehoshua. “Literary Criticism versus Public Criticism: Further Thoughts on the Matter of Biblical Scholarship.” In Methodology, Speech, Society: The Hebrew Bible. Stellenbosch: SUN MeDia, 2011. 13–29. Appeared originally in Old Testament Essays 19, no. 2 (2006): 633–49. Refers to Frye’s distinction between the public critic and the scholar. Notes how literary-textual scholars such as Frye have affected biblical scholarship. –  “The Promise: The Winding Road—Genesis 13–14 in Light of a Theory of Narrative Studies.” Old Testament Essays 20, no. 2 (2007): 352–64. Begins with Frye’s principle that criticism “is a structure of thought and knowledge existing in its own right, with some measure of independence from the art it deals with.” Glaeser, Andreas. Divided in Unity: Identity, Germany, and the Berlin Police. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999. In articulating a theory of identity formation, turns to the work of Frye, Gadamer, Ricoeur, Wittgenstein, and others. –  “Hermeneutic Institutionalism: Towards a New Synthesis.” Qualitative Sociology 37, no. 2 (2014): 207– 41. “Herder’s (1772) path-breaking essay on the origins of language has helped to spur an explosion of research

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into the poetic possibilities of ‘natural’ languages by showing the hermeneutic work they enable through . . . ‘genre contexting’ as in Bakhtin and Frye.” Glausser, Wayne. “Groundhog Day at 25: Conflict and Inspiration at the Tipping Point of Seasonal Genres.” Journal of Religion and Film 23, no. 1 (April 2019): 1–21. “Says that Theorist of Archetypes Northrop Frye classified the major literary genres as four types, which he aligned with the four seasons. Frye correlated satire with winter and comedy with spring. February 2, Groundhog Day, sits halfway between the winter solstice and the spring equinox. (This position accounts for the day’s importance to Wiccans, who emphasize the seasonal midway points.) The movie Groundhog Day literally takes place at this tipping point between winter and spring; in the more figurative sense, it sits poised between satire, the genre of winter, and comedy, the genre of spring. Ultimately, spring and the hopeful perspective of its director took control of the movie’s plot. But the dark satire of its star lead actor left indelible marks of winter on the finished narrative.” Glebovich, Afanasiev Sergey. “Extrapolation of Psychoanalysis by Empathy.” Society: Philosophy, History, Culture (20 December 2017). https://m. cyberleninka.ru/article/n/hudozhestvennoe-vospriyatiev-kontekste-teorii-empatii. In Russian. Deals with the provisions of empathic theories, particularly psychoanalytic ones, of art criticism. The proper form of such theories is found in the work of Frye, Norman Holland, and J. Poole. Glick, David. “Tragedy as Mediation: The Black Jacobins.” The Black Radical Tragic: Performance, Aesthetics, and the Unfinished Haitian Revolution. New York: New York University Press, 2016. “The historicizing rigor of [David] Scott’s political periodization—in other words, the problem-space—does not carry over into his literary periodization: the opposition between romance and tragedy. In a sense it’s a problem of mediation. Michael McKeon’s insight into the work of Northrop Frye resonates here: ‘So far from enabling a theory of literary history, Frye’s modal periodization freezes history into an immobile “literary structure.” Literary modes are transhistorical; genres are historical. Genres can rise and fall and come and go—like empires or dinosaurs. Genres subtly refract and capture the interplay of residual and emergent properties and developments.” Glickman, Susan. “My Life with Northrop Frye: A Personal Take on the Nationalist Debate in Canlit History.” Books in Canada 31, no. 6 (September 2002): 39–40; revised version appears in Ellipse: Texts littéraires canadiens en traduction/Canadian Writing in Translation 87–88

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(2012): 14–20. Argues that Frye is wrong about the relation of the form of Canadian poetry to the British tradition. –  “Northrop Frye’s Vision of Culture.” UBC Reports 37, no. 3 (2 February 1991): 2. –  The Picturesque and the Sublime: A Poetics of the Canadian Landscape. Montreal and Kingston: McGillQueen’s University Press, 1998. Maintains that critics of Canadian literature—Frye and Margaret Atwood in particular—have misinterpreted the country’s dominant poetic tradition by claiming that it views nature as hostile. Admits that there is some truth to “Frye’s vision of a nation of malcontents huddled indoors, cursing the wilderness, and dreaming of warmer and more civilized places.” Yet stresses that most Canadian critics have shown remarkably “little awareness of the prestige of terror as an aesthetic category during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.” That is, critics like Frye and Atwood fail to discern that the “terror” in much of Canadian nature poetry reflects the ruling aesthetic fashions at the time rather than just representing a “uniquely local pathology.” Glomb, Stefan. “Northrop Frye, Anatomy of Criticism.” In Kindlers Neues Literatur Lexikon, vol. 21. Munich: J.B. Metzler, 1998. 433 ff.

his idol Bringhurst at the centenary conference on Frye held at Victoria College in 2012. –  “The Legacy of Northrop Frye’s Vision of William Blake.” Paper presented at Educating the Imagination: A Conference in Honour of Northrop Frye on the Centenary of His Birth. University of Toronto, 4–6 October 2013. Godeanu-Kenworthy, Oana. “Creole Frontiers: Imperial Ambiguities in John Richardson’s and James Fenimore Cooper’s Fiction.” Early American Literature 49, no. 3 (2014): 741–70. In John Richardson’s Wacousta the “wilderness is not presented nostalgically. There is no ‘frontier’ to be settled in the American definition of the term; nature is an indomitable force, threateningly encroaching on the white settlements petrified in what Canadian theorist Northrop Frye calls a defensive ‘garrison mentality.’ Frye coined the term to define the general outlook of colonial Canada in which the settlers, not the wilderness, were perceived as weaker and endangered. Frye’s metaphor of the garrison captures a significant difference between Canadian and American narratives of the relationship between settlers and the wilderness. In the case of the latter, the natural world is to be conquered, tamed, and civilized by self-reliant individuals moving west.”

Godard, Barbara. “Feminism and/as Myth: Feminist Literary Theory between Frye and Barthes.” Atlantis 16 (April 1991): 3–21. Rpt. in Theory and Praxis: Curriculum, Culture and English Studies, ed. Prafulla C. Kar, Kailash C. Baral, and Sura P. Rath. Delhi: Pencraft International, 2003. Chap. 9.

Goedegebuure, Jaap. “The Bible in Modern Dutch Fiction.” In Narratives of Low Countries History and Culture Book: Reframing the Past, ed. Jane Fenoulhet and Lesley Gilbert. London: University College London Press, 2016. “I would like to argue that even though modern literature has undergone a process of secularization during the last two centuries, the Bible has remained a very rich source for poets and novelists, not only because of its stylistic and rhetorical aspects, as Northrop Frye amply illustrated in The Great Code and Words with Power, but also as a set of narrative models.”

–  “Structuralism/PostStructuralism: Language, Reality and Canadian Literature.” Future Indicative: Literary Theory and Canadian Literature, ed. John Moss. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 1987. 25–51 [27–33]. As background for looking at the poststructuralist critical practice in Canada, traces the differing perceptions that Canadian critics have had of Frye, as well as their differing critiques.

Godin, Benoît. “‘Innovation Studies’: Staking the Claim for a New Disciplinary ‘Tribe.’” Minerva 52, no. 4 (2014): 489–95. Review of Innovation Studies: Evolution & Future Challenges, by Ian Fagerberg, Ben R. Martin, and Esben Sloth Andersen. The “linear narrative of the romantic progress of ‘innovation studies’ towards Frye’s ‘happy ending’ resonates throughout the chapters of the book.”

Godbout, Kevin. “Robert Bringhurst’s Voice and the Ghost of Northrop Frye.” Brick Books (14 May 2015). https:// www.brickbooks.ca/robert-bringhurst-presentedby-kevin-godbout/. On the author’s admiration of Bringhurst as a poet and intellectual and about meeting

Goffart, Walter A. The Narrators of Barbarian History. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988. Uses Frye’s theories to help answer questions about the nature and value of the Roman literary sources in Wolfram’s History of the Goths.

Glover, Douglas. The Enamoured Knight. Oberon Press, 2004. Appraises the form of Don Quixote, with help from Ian Watt, Mikhail Bakhtin, Milan Kundera, and Northrop Frye, among others.

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Gohil, K.P. “The Archetypes of Literature” (April 2018). https://kpgohil108.blogspot.com/2018/04/thearchetypes-of-literature-1951.html. “I’m going to share my own views regarding academic thinking activity on ‘The Archetypes of Literature’ written by Northrop Frye.” Goicoechea, David. “The Redemptive Future in Northrop Frye’s Typological Repetition.” Paper presented at Brock University, 14 February 1986. Unpublished typescript. 13 pp. Argues that Frye’s concept of typology in The Great Code is “a mode of thought and a figure of speech that has a double movement”: the spatial, which lifts biblical literature upward toward the level of anagogy and away from literal, historical meaning; and the horizontal or temporal, which through the authority of myth and metaphor “lets the past interpenetrate with the present by way of the future.” Uses Kierkegaard’s idea of repetition (“retaking”) to illustrate how Frye’s typological readings transcend the literal, ethical, and allegorical meanings of ordinary spatial and temporal understanding. Golban, Petru. “An Attempt to Establish a Bildungsroman Development History: Nurturing the Rise of a Subgenre from Ancient Beginnings to Romanticism.” Humanitas 5 (2017): 111–41. “Among the aspects of transition and as an essential difference between the romance and the novel is the element of characterization, which is also important for our surveyistic approach to the Bildungsroman development history. The most concise remark on this matter belongs to Northrop Frye in Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays, in which he claims that the romancer ‘does not attempt to create “real people” so much as stylized figures which expand into psychological archetypes,’ whereas the novelist deals with personality, with characters wearing their personae or social masks. However, we may disagree with Frye’s affirmation that the romance deals with individuality and the novelist needs the framework of a stable society.” –  “Victorian Critics and Metacritics: Arnold, Pater, Ruskin and the Independence of Literary Criticism.” Humanitas—Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 3 (2014): 47–68. “Northrop Frye speaks about the popular among artists’ conception of the critic as a ‘parasite and consequently literary criticism as a ‘parasite form of literary expression, an art based on pre-existing art, a second hand imitation of creative power.’” Golban, Petru, and Goksel Ozturk. “An Attempt to Survive from Paralysis: Epiphanies in Dubliners.” Border Crossing 1 (2017): 169–87. “Coexisting in the first half of the twentieth century with realism—a trend continuing the Victorian tradition as the art of verisimilitude and implicit simile (for Northrop Frye)—modernism

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represents a period as well as an umbrella term to name a number of trends and movements which are different, even contradictory, but unified by the rejection of tradition and rules; expression of the innovative, original, experimental spirit; search for new methods of expression to make the text difficult and disturbing, eventually “writerly” (as for Barthes); the concern with remote past, myths and archetypes instead of actual periods; search for stronger values and grounds, while revealing a challenge to the modern reliance on reason, mind, science, the possibility of truthful representation of reality. . . .” Golban, Tatiana. “The Apocalypse Myth in Louis de Bernières’ Novel Birds without Wings: Rustem Bey and an Individual Apocalyptic Experience in the Kierkegaardian Frame.” Analele Universităţii Ovidius din Constanţa. Seria Filologie 1 (2015): 44–52. According to Northrop Frye, the vocabulary of dramatic assumptions is likely to be found in the cycle of the great processes of nature. The mythical basis of comedy is the natural movement of its forces towards rebirth and renewal. Gold, Joseph. “Northrop Frye, The Great Code: The Bible and Literature.” English Studies in Canada 9, no. 4 (December 1983): 487–98. Goldberg, Homer. “Center and Periphery: Implications of Frye’s ‘Order of Words.’” Paper read at the annual meeting of the Modern Language Association, Chicago, 27 December 1971. 12 pp. Photoduplicated. Defines some underlying premises Frye shares with a broad strain of modern criticism and explores the consequences of these premises for the way we view his theory. Sees Frye as continuing the tradition of the New Critics because of his dialectical opposition of two orders of language: discursive and poetic discourse. Comments on the set of values that is implicit in Frye’s bias toward the mythic and paradigmatic. Goldberg, Michael. “Searching for the Jesus of History.” Judaism 45, no. 3 (Summer 1996): 368. On Frye’s contention that “there is practically no real evidence for the life of Jesus outside the New Testament, all the evidence . . . being hermetically sealed within it.” Golden, Leon. “Aristotle, Frye, and the Theory of Tragedy.” Comparative Literature 27 (Winter 1975): 47– 58. Assesses our current understanding of the nature of tragedy based on the contributions of Aristotle and Frye, and then suggests a method by which their theoretical statements can lead to a fuller understanding of the potentialities and boundaries of tragedy. Draws from both the First and Third Essays of Anatomy of Criticism

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(theory of modes and theory of myths) in analysing Frye’s theory of tragedy. Goldie, Terry. “Louis Dudek.” Canadian Writers and Their Works (Poetry Series, vol. 5), ed. Robert Lecker et al. Toronto: ECW Press, 1985. 73–139 [118–20]. Traces Dudek’s negative reaction, throughout a series of his essays, to Frye’s view of literature and the imagination. Goldman, Marlene. “A History of Forgetting: Cognitive Decline and Historical Cycles of Degeneration.” In Forgotten: Narratives of Age-Related Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease in Canada. Montreal-Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Pres, 2017. “In Caroline Adderson’s A History of Forgetting, “The biting of Malcolm’s cheek, a gesture that fuses animal rage with the consumption of human flesh, recalls Northrop Frye’s analysis of the relationship between the Eucharist symbolism and its demonic parody. According to Frye, in the demonic apocalyptic world we often ‘find the cannibal feast, the serving up of a child or lover as food.” –  “Introduction: Literature, Imagination, Ethics.” University of Toronto Quarterly 76, no. 3 (Summer 2007): 809–20. “Two distinct yet related moments in Canadian cultural history underscore the differences between philosophical and literary modes of thought and analysis. These moments are Northrop Frye’s Massey Lecture The Educated Imagination, delivered in 1963, and Margaret Somerville’s Massey Lecture of 2006, The Ethical Imagination. Separated by about 40 years, these talks shed light on the distinct conceptions of the relationship of ethics to imagination and literature held by Frye, a formative literary theorist, and Somerville, one of Canada’s leading moral philosophers. The comparison between the vision of a literary critic and an ethicist highlights the difficulties associated with the marriage between literary theory and ethics and also isolates specific tensions between literature and ethics.” Goldsmith, Steven. “William Blake and the Future of Enthusiasm.” Nineteenth-Century Literature 63, no. 4 (March 2009): 439–60. “If, according to Alexander Pope, Longinus became what he beheld when he wrote his criticism on the Homeric sublime ‘with a Poet’s Fire,’ then something similar might be said of Blake’s critics: they often express the enthusiasm they set out to describe. Finding themselves caught up in Northrop Frye’s ‘fiery understanding,’ early reviewers of his Fearful Symmetry admired the author’s ‘unflagging energy’ and ‘great enthusiasm’ for his subject.” Golgonooza (Blogger’s “name”). “Blake and the Spiritual Body, by Northrop Frye.” https://thehumandivine.org/2016/03/27/

blake-and-the-spiritual-body-by-northrop-frye/. An extensive and illustrated anthology of passages from Frye’s Fearful Symmetry about the conception of body in Blake’s work. Gómez, David Amezcua. “El lugar de la crítica literaria de Northrop Frye en la literatura (canadiense)” [The Place of Northrop Frye’s Literary Criticism in (Canadian) Literature]. Castilla: Estudios de Literatura 4 (2013): 282–97. In Spanish. Begins with a tribute by Margaret Atwood to Northrop Frye after his death. Atwood stated: ‘Because [of] its style, flexibility, and a formal elegance, its broad range and systematic structure, Frye’s literary criticism takes place within the body of literature itself.” Gomez analyses aspects of Frye’s criticism that reinforce and boost its literary merit. –  “Northrop Frye en el centenario de su nacimiento, 1912–2012” [Northrop Frye on the Centenary of His Birth, 1912–2012]. Tonos Digital 23 (July 2012). http:// www.tonosdigital.es/ojs/index.php/tonos/article/ viewFile/810/543. “This article presents some axial lines underlying Northrop Frye’s literary theory. Moreover, the article is presented as a reappraisal of his critical and theoretical proposals from a contemporary point of view. We are taking into account, as well, the fact that 2012 is a significant year due to the celebration of the centenary of Frye’s birth. We have paid a special attention to three major works, which are the Anatomy of Criticism (1957), The Secular Scripture (1976) and The Great Code (1982). On the other hand, it is suggested that Northrop Frye’s critical work constitutes a sort of typological unity, which is modeled on the unity that Frye finds between the so-called Secular Scripture and the Scriptures (Bible). We also suggest a literary side as well as a rhetorical basis in Frye’s work, which lead us to consider his criticism as a sort of creative criticism. Finally, it is suggested that Frye’s poetics seem to go along critical paths other than the ones we have traditionally and conventionally assumed in the past. In this sense, we suggest and encourage new approaches to his criticism that may enrich our perception of Frye’s work.” (author’s abstract) Gómez, Leila. Review of Jungle Fever: Exploring Madness and Medicine in Twentieth-Century Tropical Narratives, by Charlotte Rogers. Modernism/Modernity 20, no. 1 (January 2013): 141–3. “Following Northrop Frye and Joseph Campbell, Rogers analyses the hero’s journey in terms of a reverse quest romance; the hero that departs from home does not overcome his obstacles and adventures and does not return triumphant over adversity. Instead of narrating the hero’s successful return, these novels [Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness,

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

André Malraux’s La voie royale, and José Eustasio Rivera’s La vorágine] are accounts of the antihero’s failure, and they debunk the very foundation of ‘quest romance’ as a genre. Rogers also argues that these novels question not only the genre but also the allegedly rational superiority of the west. These narratives reveal a transition from romanticism to modernism in that they incorporate the language of medicine and psychiatry to explain the madness that possesses the tropical hero and his inevitable mental decline and failure. For Rogers, ‘[w]hile eighteenth- and nineteenth-century adventures extol the virtues of empire and rationality embodied in their heroes, their twentieth century counterparts . . . contain dark subtexts that reflect the authors’ growing ambivalence toward Europe’s colonization of large swaths of the globe.’” Gomis Van Heteren, Annette. “Utopia, Genre and Nineteen Eighty-Four.” In Dreams and Realities: Versions of Utopia in English Fiction from Dickens to Byatt, ed. Annette Gomis Van Heteren and Miguel Martínez López. Almería: Universidad de Almería, Servicio de Publicaciones, 1997. Provides an exposition of the debate about the genre of Nineteen EightyFour by Frye and others. Gonçalves, Adelto. “Graciliano Ramos: Visões do Inferno” [Graciliano Ramos: Visions of Hell]. Minas Gerais, Suplemento Literário 26, no. 1177 (26 September 1992): 12–16. In Portuguese. Gonçalves, Aquinaldo José. “Dom Casmurro: Mímesis das categorias narrativas” [Dom Casmurro: Mimesis of the Narrative Categories]. Revista de letras 29 (1989): 1–10. In Portuguese. Establishes the relationship between Frye’s theory of myths and the four narrative categories in Machado de Assis’s novel, Dom Casmurro. González, Francisco Colom. “The Nation as Narration: The Narrative Structure of National Imagination.” Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais 28, no. 82 (2013): 107–18. In Portuguese. “To follow a story is not only to include surprises or discoveries in it, but also to understand the episodes already known as steps leading to a later end. The role of the plot is fundamental in this task. Through it the events narrated integrate chronologically into the configuration of a story, but unlike the chronicle, perceived as a series of random incidents and isolated actions, a plot presents itself as a totality endowed with meaning. Following Northrop Frye and his theory on the archetypal forms of the narrative, [Hayden] White recognized in nineteenth-century European historiography the traits of the romantic drama of redemption, of satire about human impotence, of the

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ironic reconciliation between the world of the social and the natural and resignation tragic to the destination.” González Pascual, Alberto. El pensamiento político de Fredric Jameson: Discurso utópico para la transformación de la sociedad y la defensa del débil [The Political Thought of Fredric Jameson: Utopian Discourse for the Transformation of Society and the Defence of the Weak]. Madrid: Librería Dykinson, S.L., 2016. In Spanish. Devotes substantial attention to Frye’s influence on Jameson and the differences between them, especially Frye’s emphasis on the personal vision at the expense of the communal. González Torres, Elizabeth. “Una mirada desde la psicocrítica a ‘El Horla’ de Guy de Maupassant” [A Look from Psychocritics to ‘’El Horla’’ by Guy de Maupassant]. Fuentes Humanísticas 54 (2017): 29–46. In Spanish. Notes the connections between Frye’s work, among that of other critics, and psychoanalytic theory. González-Treviño, Ana Elena. Female Spaces and the Gothic Imagination in The Book of Thel and Visions of the Daughters of Albion in William Blake’s Gothic Imagination. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, pub. online 2018. “Northrop Frye has described them [Blake’s two poems] as a tragedy of a will and a tragedy of feeling, respectively. By construing them as tragedies, Frye is highlighting the unsatisfactory note on which both works end, while conceding that these two rather unusual long poems may at first appear to belong to the light pastoral genre actually have a tragic dimension.” Gong, Shi Xue and Liping Wang. “Archetypal Meaning of ‘Tian’ in Chinese Myth.” Journal of Shayang Teachers College 3 (2004). In Chinese. Good, Edwin M. “Apocalyptic as Comedy: The Book of Daniel.” Semeia 32 (1984): 41–70. Sees the Book of Daniel as a comedy in Frye’s sense of the mythos. Good, Graham. “Northrop Frye and Liberal Humanism.” Canadian Literature 148 (September 1996): 75–91. Rpt. as “The Liberal Humanist Vision: Frye and Culture as Freedom” in Good’s Humanism Betrayed: Theory, Ideology, and Culture in the Contemporary University. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2001. 89–102. Argues that liberal humanism is central to Frye’s enterprise throughout his career. While liberal humanism has its limitations, it nevertheless shows the way to establish “a truly inclusive civilization,” unlike the carceral vision of present theory and cultural studies, which denies “human liberty, creativity, and progress.”

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Goode, Mike. “The Joy of Looking: What Blake’s Pictures Want.” Representations 119, no. 1 (June 2012): 1–36. “What William Blake’s pictures want from us may not be clear, but what scholars want from them has been apparent for some time now. Ever since Northrop Frye, Jean Hagstrum, and W.J.T. Mitchell insisted that we should regard Blake’s intricately wrought picture-poems, or illuminated books, as verbal-visual ‘composites,’ critics of literature and art alike have sought to locate their greatest political, intellectual, and aesthetic significance in their compositeness.” Goodheart, Eugene. “The Failure of Criticism.” New Literary History 7 (Winter 1976): 377–92 [384–6]. Rpt. in Goodheart, The Failure of Criticism. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1978. 17–20. Examines Frye’s work in relation to the humanist tradition and concludes that despite Frye’s talk in The Critical Path about the myths of concern and belief, his critical system is too detached and too impersonal. Frye removes “the problem of humanism from the area of will and choice,” and thus avoids “the question of the impact of culture on society.” Maintains that Frye’s commitment is not to literature but to system-building. Goodman, Ralph. “Problematics of Utopian Discourse: The Trim Garden and the Untidy Wilderness.” English Studies in Africa 46, no. 1 (2003): 1–13. “As long ago as 1966, Northrop Frye maintained that Utopia ‘cannot return to the old-style spatial Utopias. New Utopias would have to derive their form from the shifting and dissolving movements of society that is gradually replacing the fixed locations of life.’” Goodman, Russell B. “Emerson, Romanticism, and Classical American Pragmatism.” In The Oxford Handbook of American Philosophy, ed. Cheryl Kisak. Oxford University Press, 2008. “Romanticism is too complex a phenomenon to be defined adequately in a few pages, let alone a few paragraphs, but we can think of it as a long process that began in late eighteenth-century Europe and that we are still engaged in: of casting off what Northrop Frye calls ‘an encyclopaedic myth, derived mainly from the Bible,’ according to which God is the origin of all creation. In the new romantic myth, human creativity assumes a central place.” “A Good Place to Start on the Study of Ethics.” The Australian (14 February 2020): 15. “One person who took the philosophy of classical comedy seriously was Northrop Frye, a mid-20th-century literary critic. For Frye, comedy was the dramatic form in which the Greeks and Romans imagined how flawed humans could be reconciled with the demands of ethical norms and virtues. He located comedy’s essence in a famous line

from The Self-Tormentor: ‘Nothing human is alien to me.’ This is actually Chremes’s justification for butting into Menedemus’s business, but Frye and others have taken it more broadly, as a battle-cry for humanist ethics.” Goodman-Thau, Eveline. Memory and Morality after Auschwitz. Nordhausen: Verlad T. Bautz GmbH, 2017. Quotes Frye at length on the difference between scholarly indifference and detachment. See also Goodman-Thau’s “Shoah and Tekuma—Jewish Memory and Morality between History and Redemption.” Lingua: Language and Culture 1 (2010): 13–31. Goosey, Veronica. “Building a Vision of Paradise: The Imaginative Hero in Northrop Frye’s ‘The Archetypes of Literature.’” Paper presented at the 20th Annual National Undergraduate Literature Conference, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, 2 April 2005. Gorak, Jan. “From Escape to Irony: Frye’s ‘The Argument of Comedy.’” In O’Grady and Wang, Northrop Frye, 69–81, and in Wang and O’Grady, New Directions, 153–72. On the intellectual context of the development of Frye’s theory of comedy (Bergson, Freud, Edmund Wilson, H.L. Mencken) and on the difference between Frye and his forebears: his vision alone stresses society’s ability to renew itself. In the final analysis, however, Frye steps back from the utopian dream of comedy in favour of an ironic and sceptical attitude towards the authority of visionary truths. –  “Frye and the Comedy of Humors.” Paper presented at Educating the Imagination: A Conference in Honour of Northrop Frye on the Centenary of His Birth. University of Toronto, 4–6 October 2013. –  “Frye and the Instruments of Mental Production.” https://macblog.mcmaster.ca/fryeblog/page/171/. Reflections on rereading Frye’s “The Instruments of Mental Production.” “What is the relationship between the international Frye and the Frye of the 40s and 50s, who wrote for The Canadian Forum? How did he adjust his discourse to the different conditions of his utterances at that time?” –  “Frye and the Legacy of Communication.” In Lee and Denham, Legacy, 304–15. Opposes Frye’s view of communication, derived from literature as a means of human liberation, to the coercive communication of contemporary media—rhetorical or dialectical communication. In his late writings Frye is eager to explore the interactions between the two.

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

–  “Introduction.” In Northrop Frye on Modern Culture, ed. Jan Gorak. Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 11. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2002. xix–xlix. –  The Making of the Modern Canon: Genesis and Crisis of a Literary Idea. London: Bloomsbury, 2013. Examines Frye’s concept of the canon and its relation to conceptions of the canon in the work of Sir Ernst Gombrich, Frank Kermode, and Edward Said. Argues that Frye sees every literary work as canonical “because he sees each work as an episode in the imagination’s coherent creative world.” Frye’s view of the canon moves away from institutionalizing the status quo and towards destabilizing secular culture. It emphasizes the primitive and the universal, relies on structural patterns to unify it, is visionary and romantic, and is rooted in the redemptive myth of Christianity. Gorak believes the religious base of Frye’s post-Anatomy criticism has moved it in the direction of a kind of dogma that “steers dangerously close to false prophecy,” but it remains a powerful narrative of alienation and renewal. –  “Process or Paralysis? Revisiting the Contemporary Art Canon.” Journal of Art Historiography 17 (December 2017): 1–16. “A canonical debate narrowly focused on the question ‘Who’s in? Who’s out?’ is the logical outcome of a system where art is viewed in terms of the market. It is a long time since Northrop Frye railed against ‘All lists of the “best” novels or poems or writers, whether their particular virtue is exclusiveness or inclusiveness. . . . all the literary chit-chat which makes the reputations of poets boom and crash in an imaginary stock exchange.’ For Frye this was purposeless activity, ‘the sonorous nonsense’ of a cultural marketplace as alienated as the larger marketplace it somehow served. With the arrival of ‘a systematic structure of knowledge’ about art, the presses could slow down and serious questions could be posed.” Goranowski, Rickard. “Forensics of a Straw Man Pharmakos in Northrop Frye’s ‘Theory of Modes.’” International Journal of Knowledge, Culture and Change Management 10, no. 3 (December 2010): 133–44. Author’s abstract: “Jacques Derrida in 1981, in ‘Plato’s Pharmacy,’ confronted the inveterate Northrop Frye over the 1971 Critical Path as a ‘pharmakos’ or ‘rascal traducer’: Frye’s ‘straw man’ misprision of the Sidney-Peacock-Shelley controversy belittling Peacock and Shelley was obliquely identified by Derrida, in Pharmacy’s first paragraphs, prosecuting Frye’s undue influence on university publishing and tenure management.” Gordon, Jan B. “The ‘Janus Interface’: A Meditation on the Cosmology of Peter Whitehead.” Framework: The

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Journal of Cinema and Media 52, no. 2 (2011): 836–64. “The closer criticism comes to becoming literature (for me, as in Harold Bloom on Macbeth as the analysis of the growth of a serial killer or the late Northrop Frye on Blake’s cosmology), the more it displaces that on which it comments. Frye is more interesting on Blake than is Blake, with whom Frye’s commentary is often confused, precisely because the best literary criticism often displaces the literature that is the object of the critique. If the walls between literature and literary criticism are another porous transparency, then the host (literature) needs the parasite (literary criticism) in order to be propagated to a wider audience (students, the general public) in the same way that we parasitic critics need a ‘body’ of literature upon which to feed.” Gordon, W. Terrence. “By a Commodius Vicus: From Cliché to Archetype to Cliché.” Journal of Visual Culture 13, no. 1 (2014): 48–51. “The discovery of the interplay of cliché and archetype led to the further discovery of the interplay of figure and ground. The concept of archetypes also gave McLuhan a take on structuralism, in which he identified the paradigms of European structuralists as a set of archetypes. His decision to develop a complete book around the term archetype might have been motivated in the first place by a desire to appropriate it from Northrop Frye. There are five references to Frye in the book, including a Frygean Anatomy of a Metamorphosis for Eugene Ionesco’s The Bald Soprano and an extensive quotation from a commentary by William Wimsatt criticizing Frye for failing to maintain his own distinction between value and criticism in Anatomy of Criticism.” Gorin, Andrew. “Lyric Noise: Lisa Robertson, Claudia Rankine, and the Phatic Subject of Poetry in the Mass Public Sphere.” Criticism 61, no. 1 (Winter 2019): 97–132. “Phatic address can . . . be contrasted to the norm of ‘apostrophe’ that Jonathan Culler has set up, to borrow the language from Northrop Frye that Culler also invokes, as lyric’s ‘radical of presentation.’” Goring, Paul, et al. “Northrop Frye.” Studying Literature: The Essential Companion. London and New York: Bloomsbury, 2010. 226–7. An introduction to Frye for undergraduates. Gorjup, Branko. “Introduction: Incorporating Legacies: Decolonizing the Garrison.” In Northrop Frye’s Canadian Literary Criticism and Its Influence, ed. Branko Gorjup. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009. 3–28. An overview of the essays in the book. –  “Introduction.” Reflections on the Canadian Literary Imagination: A Selection of Essays by Northrop Frye, ed.

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Branko Gorjup. Rome: Bulzoni Editore, 1991. 9–24. Looks at each of the essays in this collection from the point of view of Frye’s understanding of the Canadian context. –  “New Arrivals, Further Departures—the EuroImmigrant Experience in Canada.” In Ethnic Literature and Culture in the U.S.A., Canada and Australia, ed. Igor Maver. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 1996. –  “Northrop Frye and His Canadian Critics.” In Verticals of Frye/Les Verticales de Frye, ed. Ed Lemond. Moncton, NB: Elbow Press, 2005. 6–15. Also available at http:// www.frye.ca/english/northrop-frye/symposialectures/01-gorjup.html. On the readings of Frye’s Canadian criticism by Rosemary Sullivan, George Bowering, David Jackel, Frank Davey, Eleanor Cook, Eli Mandel, Linda Hutcheon, and others. –  “Northrop Frye, Margaret Atwood and the Formation of the English-Canadian Literary Canon.” In The Canadian Vision/La vision canadienne, ed. Alessandro Anastasi et al. Villa San Giovanni: Edizioni Officina Grafica, 1996. 301–10. –  “Pogovor” [“Epilogue”]. In Anatomija kritike: Četiri eseja, trans. Giga Garčan. Zagreb: Golden Marketing, 2000. 421–31. In Bosnian. Gorlier, Claudio. “Vecchie e nuove frontiere: La critica letteraria negli Stati Uniti” [Old and New Frontiers: Literary Criticism in the United States]. L’Approdo letterario [Rome-Turin] (April–June 1964). In Italian. –  “Una, due (o nessuna) solitudine” [One, Two (or No) Solitude]. Letterature d’America 2, no. 7 (Spring 1971). In Italian. Gorodeisky, Keren. “19th-Century Romantic Aesthetics. In Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2016 Edition), ed. Edward N. Zalta. https://plato.stanford. edu/archives/fall2016/entries/aesthetics-19th-romantic. “Distinguished scholars, such as Arthur Lovejoy, Northrop Frye and Isaiah Berlin, have remarked on the notorious challenges facing any attempt to define romanticism.” Nevertheless, Gorodeisky endorses Frye’s view that “Romanticism . . . is the first major phase in an imaginative revolution which has carried on until our own day, and has by no means completed itself yet.” Gottfried, Roy. Review of Joyce und Menippos: “A Portrait of the Artist as an Old Dog,” by Dieter Fuchs. International Journal of the Classical Tradition 16, no. 1 (March 2009): 149–52. “Fuchs is at pains to stress the ways in which Menippean satire roots itself in various forms and consequences, in contrast to the more general and restrictive descriptions of Bakhtin, who

argued for only the carnivalesque, or of Northrop Frye, who argued that the term Menippean is misleading and only described the anatomy. Fuchs argues for the ‘Klassifizierung der Menippea als flexible Form und nicht als geschlossene Gattung’ [classification of the Menippea as a flexible form rather than a closed genre]. It is this flexibility, perhaps most of all that makes the genre a most useful and informative means of examining Joyce’s manifold and protean works.” Gottfried, Rudolf B. “Edmund Spenser and the NCTE.” College English 33 (October 1971): 76–9. A rebuttal to an article by Carol Ohmann, “Northrop Frye and the MLA.” Seeks to defend his views about Frye’s interpretation of Spenser, which he had set forth in “Our New Poet: Archetypal Criticism and The Faerie Queene” and which had been criticized by Ohmann. –  “Our New Poet: Archetypal Criticism and The Faerie Queene.” PMLA 83 (October 1968): 1362–77 [1362–9, 1377]. A critique of archetypal interpretations of Spenser’s work by Frye and A.C. Hamilton. Argues that when the principles of Anatomy of Criticism are applied to The Faerie Queene they dangerously misrepresent its structure and meaning. Frye’s description of the poem as a romance in six books, covering many of the six phases that make up the archetypal plot of that genre, is arbitrary. Archetypal criticism overlooks Spenser’s intention and, thus, reduces his work to something it is not. Gottwald, Herwig. “Typologische Literaturgeschichte der Mythologie” [Typological Literary History of Mythology]. In Spuren des Mythos in moderner deutschsprachiger. Würzburg: Königshausen and Neumann, 2007. 47–9. In German. Gou-Kun. “Frye’s Theory of Myth and Archetype.” Anhui Literature 12 (2007). In Chinese. Gould, Allan. Canned Lit. Toronto: Stoddart, 1990. Satirical jabs at Frye, among many others. Gould, Eric. “The Gap between Myth and Literature.” Dalhousie Review 58 (Winter 1978–9): 723–36 [723–6]. Notes the “accuracy for literary scholarship” in the relationships Frye has discovered between literature and the myths of human experience. Says, however, that Frye “mistakes for form religious content and has few suggestions as to how mythic thought itself . . . actually operates.” –  Mythical Intentions in Modern Literature. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1981. 25–8, 31. Sees Frye’s theories of myth and archetype as “applied Jungianism.” Is dubious about Frye’s claim that criticism is an

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“objective totality” and that the appeal of myth is to a “total form.” Understands Frye’s theory of myth to be basically an allegorical one: Frye locates archetypes “with a certain authoritarian, even if, at times, a highly subtle flair for allegorical commentary.” Believes Frye’s theory is “suggestive” but that it does not adequately confront the problems of interpretation. Gould, Rebecca. “Adam Bede’s Dutch Realism and the Novelist’s Point of View.” Philosophy and Literature 36, no. 2 (October 2012): 404–23. Notes the influence of the romance on the early George Eliot and the influence of the anatomy in the later Eliot, as Frye understands the two forms of fiction. Gould, Timothy. “Comedy.” In The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Literature, ed. Richard Eldridge. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2009. “Among modern critics, I have made use of Northrop Frye’s A Natural Perspective and Stanley Cavell’s Pursuits of Happiness, centered on what he characterizes as the Hollywood comedy of remarriage, along with W.K. Wimsatt’s introduction and conclusion to his collection of documents on comedy.” –  “Pursuing the Popular.” Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 57, no. 2 (Spring 1999): 119–35. Shows, among other things, how eminent critics who evince some admiration for the popular, such as Walter Benjamin, Frye, and Stanley Cavell, reveal how the popular is perceived from a distance. Govender, K. “Address to Commemorate the 2013 Martin Luther King Day at the Law Faculty, University of Michigan: Oratio.” Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 16, no. 3 (2013): 1–21. “King, Gandhi and Mandela have all acquired what has been referred to in literature as a high mimetic quality. Herman Northrop Frye, the Canadian literary theorist, draws a distinction between ‘high mimetic’ and ‘low mimetic’ figures. High mimetic persons are mythically and socially superior to ordinary people, whereas low mimetic figures are perceived as being at the same level as the rest of human kind. Both high mimetic and low mimetic figures inspire us at different levels.” Gowrie, Katie. “Frye Festival Throws 100th Birthday Bash for Northrop Frye.” Quill & Quire (9 July 2012). https:// quillandquire.com/events/2012/07/09/frye-festivalthrows-100th-birthday-bash-for-northrop-frye/. Grabias-Zurek, Magdalena. Songs of Innocence and Experience: Romance in the Cinema of Frank Capra. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2013. Demonstrates how, in the light of the theory of literary romance as presented by Frye in his seminal

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works concerning the subject, the films of Frank Capra fit into the genre of romance. Grace, Sherrill E. Canada and the Idea of North. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2002. In part 1 Frye’s views of the Canadian North as a hostile and malevolent “bush garden” are examined, along with those of other theorists of the North. Grady, Wayne. “The Educated Imagination of Northrop Frye.” Saturday Night 96 (October 1981): 19–24, 26, 28. A feature article occasioned by Frye’s completing The Great Code and framed by an account of his delivering the Tamblyn Lectures at the University of Western Ontario. Traces Frye’s career from his early years to his faculty appointment at Victoria College. Notes the chief intellectual influences on his work, his impact on Canadian culture, and the relation between The Great Code and his other books. Records several anecdotes from the lecture tour to Western Ontario. Graf, Susan Johnston. “Joyce’s Mythopoeic Vision: The Development of Stephen Dedalus in Portrait and Ulysses.” In-Between: Essays and Studies in Literary Criticism 12, no. 1 (2003): 4–57. Graff, Gerald. Literature against Itself: Literary Ideas in Modern Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979. 81–5, 189–91. Argues that the values and meanings of culture “do not for Frye rest on any prior objective beliefs about the way things are.” Criticizes Frye’s theory of literature because he does not grant literature any mimetic relation to the world and so has no authoritative grounds for carrying out its functions of humanizing, ordering, and making sense of experience. –  “Northrop Frye and the Visionary Imagination.” In Poetic Statement and Critical Dogma. Evanston: Northwestern University Press 1970. 73–8. An analysis of the disjunction in Frye’s work between fact and value, between the objective world and the world of myth, imagination, and desire. Maintains that “Frye’s writings reflect evidence of the vacillation, ambivalence, and evasiveness . . . found to be characteristic of antipropositional theorists in general. Frye wishes to emancipate the imagination from all empirical and objective considerations, yet he also aims at what he calls ‘the educated imagination,’ and he insists that literature ‘refine our sensibilities.’ But the concept of ‘refinement’ is meaningless apart from some sort of appeal to reality and the reality principle.” Graham, Brian Russell. “The Anti-Elitist Nature of Northrop Frye’s Conceptions of Highbrow and Popular Literature.” Philologie im Netz 84 (2018): 1–18. “A

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critic’s construction of the cultural categories of high and low is quite obviously a political matter, and it is commonplace to flesh out the politics of any critic’s treatment of the two categories. This article deals with the politics of Northrop Frye’s discussion of highbrow and popular literature, and it advances the argument that Frye’s understanding of the opposition should be viewed as decidedly ‘anti-elitist.’” –  “Chapter Six of Words with Power as Intervention into the Debate about the Metaphorical Identification of Women with Nature.” In Northrop Frye 100: A Danubian Perspective, ed. Sára Tóth, Tibor Fabiny, János Kenyeres, and Péter Pásztor. Budapest: KGRE– L’Harmattan, 2014. 174–80. Examines Frye’s view of the tradition in literature that symbolizes nature as a female figure. Frye argues that the metaphor is part of an image of a particular relationship between man and nature, as well as an image of possible relations between men and women. –  “Frye and Hoggart on Film and TV: An Alternative to the Postmodernist Paradigm.” Hamilton Arts and Letters 7, no. 2 (Fall–Winter 2014–15). http://samizdatpress. typepad.com/halmagazine-issue-seven-2/frye-andhoggart-on-film-and-tv-by-brian-graham-1.html. –  “Frye and the Opposition between Popular Literature and Bestsellers.” Akademisk kvarter 7 (December 2013): 93–104. “Frye’s view of ‘bestseller’ literature forms the focus of this article. The legacy of postmodernism entailed the demise of the division between high and low cultural products. However, this did not solve the problem concerning the value of a given work. Frye offers a different model. While he defends popular literature proper, he has general reservations about commercial bestsellers, and his choice of concepts represents an interesting contribution to the current discussion.” –  “In Praise of Irrelevance: A Plea for Formalism.” Culture on the Offensive. http://www.cultureontheoffensive. com/in-praise-of-irrelevance-a-plea-for-formalism/. On Frye’s response to the issue of relevance. –  “Inquiry and Ideology in the Battle of Ideas.” Quillette (28 March 2018). http://quillette.com/2018/03/28/ inquiry-ideology-battle-ideas/. Reviews Frye’s view of the fact/value dispute by considering the form that that dispute takes in his theory of the myths of freedom and concern in The Critical Path. –  “Northrop Frye on Leisure as Activity.” Akademisk Kvarter 11 (2015): 35–46. “Argues that Frye’s theory of leisure as an activity (distinct from the leisure industry) represents an example of meliorist thought in relation

to culture. Clarifying this view involves contrasting this conclusion about Frye with the Bourdieuian perspective, which makes up the content of the second main section. Before turning to social class, this article considers Frye’s discussion of leisure and boredom, and his overall view of the values, activities, historic struggles and class association of three sectors: industry, politics and leisure.” (author’s abstract) –  “Resistance to Recurrent Ideas in Critical Theory.” Anglofiles 180 (May 2016): 88–97. In a survey of the critical debates from the 1980s on, examines the role played by Frye’s four “primary concerns” as a means for getting behind the assumptions of identity politics. –  “The Return of Irony to Myth.” Revista de Filología Hispánica 25, no. 1 (2009): 63–8. On the appeal of Frye’s contention in Anatomy of Criticism that the ironic literary mode turns back to the mythical one. Considers the controversial implications of this claim. Graham, J.E. Kenneth. Review of Milton and Questions of History: Essays by Canadians Past and Present, ed. Feisal G. Mohamed and Mary Nyquist. Modern Philology 112, no. 1 (August 2014): E77–81. Discusses a book that memorializes seven Canadian Miltonists—A.S.P. Woodhouse, Arthur Barker, Ernest Sirluck, Douglas Bush, Northrop Frye, Balachandra Rajan, and Hugh MacCallum. “Three essays respond in whole or in part to Frye. Peter Herman points out the awkwardness for Milton studies of Frye’s rejection of historical criticism but, as he has done elsewhere, employs Thomas Kuhn’s theories to argue that Frye nevertheless shares the defining values of the Milton community. Herman then discovers that Frye’s criticism of Canadian literature is quite different from the work that made his reputation: here geography and politics ground literature, and even biography matters. Revisiting Frye’s classification of Paradise Lost as high mimesis, Feisal Mohamed probes Milton’s relation to the epic genre. He argues that Paradise Lost takes a partly satirical stance toward epic, subordinating its authority to that of the Word. Mohamed frames his essay as a response to the Woodhouse group’s Arnoldian wish to see Milton as an English embodiment of classical tradition. Such a universalizing tendency, he suggests, obscures Milton’s specific relationship to that tradition. Elizabeth Hodgson does something similar in her essay, which teases out the religious and gender implications of Milton’s brief allusions to a cloistered, melancholy Roman Catholicism in Areopagitica and Il Penseroso.” Grande, Troni Y. “The Interruption of Myth in Northrop Frye: Toward a Revision of the ‘Silent Beatrice.’” In Rampton, Northrop Frye, 247–73. On the ways that

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feminists can appropriate Frye’s work. Focuses on the image of Beatrice in Frye’s reading of Dante as the figure that comes to represent for him an absent presence. –  “‘Our Lady of Pain’: Prolegomena to the Study of SheTragedy.” In Educating the Imagination: Northrop Frye Past, Present, and Future, ed. Alan Bewell, Neil Ten Kortenaar, and Germaine Warkentin. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2015. 185–205. “Adapts Frye’s ideas to gender theory, exploring the ways in which they can provide liberatory understanding of late-seventeenth- and early-eighteenth century ‘she tragedies,’ plays in which the tragic predicament is structured on the gender of the heroine.” (editors’ abstract) –  “Shakespeare and the ‘Cultural Lag’ of Canadian Stratford in Alice Munro’s ‘Tricks.’” In Shakespeare and Canada: Remembrance of Ourselves, ed. Irena R. Makaryk and Kathryn Prince. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 2017. “If Stratford, and the structure of Shakespearean comedy and romance, inform Munro’s own tricks as a storyteller, it is Northrop Frye, Canada’s ‘most distinguished Shakespearean’ who provides a heuristic key to unlock these historical, symbolic, and structural elements in ‘Tricks.’ Frye’s own presence at Stratford and on the Shakespeare scene during the earliest era depicted in ‘Tricks,’ and his influential theories of green-world comedy, open up Munro’s treatment of Stratford as a romantic symbol. Frye proves a wise guide to show how the romantic impulse in Munro turns ironic, rather than tragic, as Robin’s [Robin Phillips’s] quest to find what Stratford represents opens ultimately in a feminist direction, onto the vista of romance.” Traces Frye’s other comments on the Stratford Festival. Grande Rosales, María Ángeles. “Northrop Frye: La poética del mito” [Northrop Frye: The Poetry of Myth]. Campus (March 1991): 28–9. Granild, Lars. “Northrop Frye og de fiktive modaliteter— indkredsning af ambivalenser” [Northrop Frye and the Fictitious Modalities—Identifying Ambivalences]. In “Äta eller ätas! Det är frågan!” Antropologi og poetik i August Strindbergs selvbiografiske roman “En dåres försvarstal.” Odense: Syddansk University, 2006. In Danish. Applies Frye’s theory of fictional modes to Strindberg’s autobiographical novel, En dåres försvarstal. Grant, Don, Jeff Sallaz, and Cindy Cain. “Bridging Science and Religion: How Health-Care Workers as Storytellers Construct Spiritual Meanings.” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 55, no. 3 (September 2016): 465–84.

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Notes that Robert Wuthrow has expanded on Frye’s distinction between centripetal and centrifugal meaning. Grant, John E. Review of Romanticism and Contemporary Criticism, ed. Morris Eaves and Michael Fischer. Blake: An Illustrated Quarterly 22 (Spring 1989): 124–32. Observes that Frye’s contribution to this volume, “The Survival of Eros in Poetry,” covers some familiar territory (the four levels of imaginative reality). Notes that the current critical “opinion makers” are not much attracted to Frye’s kind of criticism with its Romantic and Arnoldian assumptions. Contrasts Frye’s position with that of the New Historicists, but maintains that Frye remains “a great reader of literary works as they are, from their own point of view.” Graves, Roger. Writing Instruction in Canadian Universities. Winnipeg: Inkshed, 1994. On the influence of Frye on writing instruction in Canada, as opposed to that of Daniel Fogarty. Gray, Bennison. The Phenomenon of Literature. The Hague: Mouton, 1975. 1–14, 431–49. On Frye’s theories of literature and interpretation. Gray refers to Frye’s work more than twenty-five times throughout. Greaney, Michael. Sleep and the Novel: Fictions of Somnolence from Jane Austen to the Present. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018. “Dickens, as Northrop Frye observes, rarely intrudes on the ‘bedroom and bathroom world of ordinary privacy.’” Grebstein, Sheldon. “The Mythopoeic Critic.” Perspectives in Contemporary Criticism, ed. Sheldon Grebstein. New York: Harper & Row 1968. 311–20 [317–19]. A brief account of myth criticism, serving as an introduction to essays by five myth critics. Places Frye’s work in the context of myth criticism in general. The mythopoeic perspective has been most impressively represented by Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism, which stands as the Poetics of the entire mythopoeic movement. Green, Daniel. “Inventing Literature.” In The Reading Experience (2013). http://noggs.typepad.com/tre/ page/10/. Originally published in American Book Review, 2000. “It is true that the urgently serious, at times even ponderous, approach to the ‘canon of great books’ and much of the critical lexicon of the midcentury academic literary establishment were filtered through the writings of such poet-critics as Matthew Arnold, T.S. Eliot, and John Crowe Ransom, but by far the most significant development in the practice of literary criticism in the twentieth century was the investment of authority over literary matters in the figure of the academic critic, from such celebrated members of the order as Lionel Trilling, Cleanth Brooks,

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and Northrop Frye to current critics such as Stanley Fish and Helen Vendler, around whom is still draped some vestige of this authority, however ragged it has become. To the company of so eminent and formidable a group of ‘scholars’ as this, no mere literary journalist or, worse, lowly book reviewer need apply: criticism would no longer be in the hands of the ink-stained wretches, namely writers, but would become almost entirely transformed into the job description of a professional class of literary experts.” Green, Dominic. “Mr. Bellow’s Planet.” The New Criterion 37, no. 3 (November 2018): 13–16. Review of The Life of Saul Bellow: Love and Strife, 1965–2005 by Zachary Leader. “Let us now praise the Canadians who have expressed American culture on behalf of the neighbors. Imagine post-war American culture without Oscar Peterson, Neil Young, The Band, Northrop Frye, Joni Mitchell, Marshall McLuhan, William Shatner, Leonard Cohen, Dan Aykroyd, Michael J. Fox, Celine Dion, Mike Myers, Jim Carrey, Drake, Seth Rogen, Bryan Adams, Rachel McAdams, the one who played Chandler on Friends whose name I always forget, and, of course, Justin Bieber and Steven Pinker. The world’s most prominent animal rights activist is Pamela Anderson. The philosopher of the moment is Jordan Peterson. The engineer of our future is Elon Musk, whose mother is Canadian. And the supreme post-war novelist remains Saul Bellow.” Green, Matthew J.A. “‘He Who Has Suffered You to Impose on Him’: Blake, Derrida and the Question of Theory.” Literature Compass 4, no. 1 (2007): 150–71. Notes that Blake scholars have been particularly adept at spurring new developments in critical theory, as witnessed by the course of Frye’s progression from Fearful Symmetry to Anatomy of Criticism. Remarks on “the division in Blake studies between the ‘systematizers’ (whose prime representative is Frye) and the ‘historicizers’ (whose model is David Erdman).” Green, Michael. “Northrop Frye.” Critical Survey 3, no. 4 (Summer 1968): 209. Thinks Frye’s views have been misrepresented. Anatomy of Criticism is unable to carry all the authority with which it has been invested. It is “better read as the most joyous, most wide-ranging, least rationally constrained of a series of works on the problems of literary education.” This series includes The Well-Tempered Critic, The Educated Imagination, Fables of Identity, T.S. Eliot, and his books on Blake, Milton, and Shakespearean comedy. In these works Frye has struggled again and again to answer key questions about English as a subject.

Greenberg, Jonathan. The Cambridge Introduction to Satire. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2019. Discusses Frye’s view of Menippean satire. Greene, Logan Dale. “‘What Does a Woman Want?’ Embracing the Goddess in Medieval Romance” [O que a mulher deseja? – Abraçando a deusa no romance medieval]. Literatura em Debate 2, no. 3 (2008). file:///C:/Users/Robert%20Denham/Downloads/4422079-1-PB.pdf. In Portuguese. Uses myth in Frye’s sense to interpret Chaucer’s The Wife of Bath’s Tale. Greenfield, Concetta Carestia. “Structuralism.” Review of Structuralism in Literature by Robert Scholes. Clio 4, no. 3 (1 June 1975): 411–16. Glances at Frye’s theory of modes (First Essay of Anatomy of Criticism), which is said to be held in high regard among the structuralists. Greenfield, Matthew. “Introduction: Spenser and the Theory of Culture.” In Edmund Spenser: Essays on Culture and Allegory, ed. Jennifer Klein Morrison and Matthew Greenfield. New York: Routledge, 2016; orig. pub. 2000. Introductory chapter begins with acknowledging Frye’s place in Spenser studies and notes Clifford Geertz’s drawing on Frye for his “interpretive anthropology.” Greenstein, Michael. “Beyond the Ghetto and the Garrison: Jewish-Canadian Boundaries.” Mosaic 14, no. 2 (Spring 1981): 121–30. Uses Frye’s idea of the “garrison mentality” in Canadian literature to help characterize two ideas of the ghetto—one in the literature of the Jewish writers of Montreal and the other in Jewish writers as a whole. Gregg, Richard A. “A Scapegoat for All Seasons: The Unity and Shape of The Tales of Belkin.” Slavic Review: American Quarterly of Soviet and East European Studies 30, no. 4 (December 1971): 748–61. “Shows how the hussar fits the stereotype of the storybook hero, while the stationmaster represents the direct opposite—a contemporary ‘counterhero.’ Gregg uses Frye’s method of myth-criticism to show how the story may fit into an ‘archetypal’ tragic pattern. He notes that the only outdoor scene in the story occurs in autumn, and that (in Frye’s archetypal system) autumn corresponds with tragedy.” Gregory, Daniel J. “The Pentathlon Preaching Principle Applied.” Journal of the Evangelical Homiletics Society (September 2018): 21–9. “Commenting on [the] relationship between literary and rhetorical criticism, Northrop Frye observes ‘That if the direct union of grammar and logic is characteristic of non-literary verbal structures, literature may be described as the rhetorical organization of grammar and logic. Most

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of the features characteristic of literary form, such as rhyme, alliteration, metre, antithetical balance, the use of example, are also rhetorical schemata.’” Grenander, M.E. “Science, Scientism, and Literary Theory.” Annals of Scholarship 2, no. 3 (1981): 65–84. Draws on Frye’s view of the social function of myth as elaborated in “The Bridge of Language,” as one of the ways that humanists can prevent their work from falling under the sway of scientism, the misapplication of science to fields where it is inappropriate. Grene, Clement. “More Popular Than Jesus? Jung, Freud, and Religion.” Religious Studies Project (27 November 2017). https://www.religiousstudiesproject. com/2013/11/27/more-popular-than-jesus-jung-freudand-religion-by-clement-grene/#_ftn1. Grigurcu, Gheoerghe. “Legende ironiei” [The Legend of Irony]. Romaniâ Literară 3 (2003). http://www.romlit. ro/legenda_ironiei. In Romanian. Sees Frye as following in the footsteps of Aristotle and other critics. –  “Trei decenii de critică” [Three Decades of Criticism]. România literară 45 (2004). http://www.romlit.ro/trei_ decenii_de_critic. In Romanian. Grillo, Jennie. The Envelope and the Halo: Reading Susanna Allegorically.” Interpretation: A Journal of Bible & Theology 72, no. 4 (October 2018): 408–17. “Even the processes of cognition involved in attending to a text are visual as well as discursive, and often they fail to respect the proportions and sequential ordering of a text. Northrop Frye noted that ‘all arts possess both a temporal and a spatial aspect, whichever takes the lead when they are presented. . . .Works of literature also move in time like music and spread out in images like painting. The word narrative or mythos conveys the sense of movement caught by the ear, and the word meaning or dianoia conveys, or at least preserves, the sense of simultaneity caught by the eye.’ In other words, there is always a visual aspect to reading that makes simultaneous connections across temporal lines. . . . I suggest that the particular capacity of allegory to crystallize the visual modes of thinking and reading is most clearly seen in the specific christological typology of Susanna, with its iconic habit for making connections. Northrop Frye, again, notes how in allegory ‘ideas suddenly become sense experiences’ and ‘even continuous allegory is still a structure of images, not of disguised ideas.’” Grimaldi, Patrizia. “Sir Orfeo as Celtic Folk-Hero, Christian Pilgrim, and Medieval King.” In Allegory, Myth, and Symbol, ed. Morton W. Bloomfield. Harvard English Studies 9. Cambridge: Harvard University

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Press, 1981. 147–61. Grounds her argument on Frye’s definition of allegory, demonstrates the multiple levels of allegory (literal, allegorical, tropological, and anagogical) in Sir Orfeo which point to Celtic folklore, myth, Christianity and socio-political ethics. Grimes, Jodi. “Tree(s) of Knowledge in the Junius Manuscript.” Journal of English and Germanic Philology 112, no. 3 (2013): 311–39. Glances at Frye’s reading of the second creation myth in Genesis. Frye speculates that “a creation narrative older than the Old Testament account originally contrasted the Tree of Life with a Tree of Death. . . .” “Frye also believes that the knowledge gained by the fallen couple ‘has something to do with the discovery of sex as we know it, because as soon as the knowledge was acquired, Adam and Eve knew that they were naked and looked around for clothing.’” Grindal, Gracia. “Living by the Word.” Christian Century 119, no. 19 (11–24 September 2002): 20–1. “In The Educated Imagination Northrop Frye comments that when he hears people wishing they could have been at Bethlehem so they could have seen the star, the angels singing, the shepherds, the babe, he realizes that he wouldn’t have seen it, because he doesn’t see it now. Our piety and prejudices blur our vision.” Gring-Pemble, Lisa M., and Diane M. Blair. “Best-Selling Feminisms: The Rhetorical Production of Popular Press Feminists’ Romantic Quest.” Communication Quarterly 48, no. 4 (Fall 2000): 360–79. The authors argue that the texts of Camille Paglia, Katie Roiphe, and Christina Hoff Sommers derive their powerful appeal from assuming the form of an archetypal romantic quest narrative as defined by Frye. Grob, Alan. “The Uses of Northrop Frye: ‘Sunday Morning’ and the Romantic Topocosm.” Studies in Romanticism 22 (Winter 1983): 587–615. Applies Frye’s concept of topocosm (the four-tiered structure of poetic imagery) to several romantic poems and to Stevens’s “Sunday Morning” to illustrate the “functional unity” of the concept. Believes that the structures in this part of Frye’s system are less determinate than he thinks and are sometimes subverted in “Sunday Morning,” but still finds them to be useful tools for the “eclectic bricoleur.” Grolier, Claudio. “Frye, un piano regolatore per la foresta letteraria” [Frye, a Master Plan for the Literary Forest]. Tuttolibri (9 June 1979): 8. In Italian. Provides a profile of Frye’s work. Points to the importance of understanding how the word “anatomy” functions in his criticism. Surveys some of the key terms in his typology of literature, remarks on the difference between

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Frye’s view of archetypes and Jung’s, and observes that in Frye’s later work he tackles two great themes—the sacred and the secular scriptures. Notes that Frye’s work has been criticized for not paying enough attention to the verbal quality of individual works of literature, for the rigidity and lack of coherence in his theories, and (from the Marxists) for his failure to confront the social element of history. Groom, Nick. “Romanticism before 1789.” In The Oxford Handbook of British Romanticism, ed. David Duff. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2018. 13–29. Glances at Frye’s definition of the Age of Sensibility. Gross, Andrew S. “Liberalism and Lyricism, or Karl Shapiro’s Elegy for Identity.” Journal of Modern Literature 34, no. 3 (2011): 1–30. “Insufficient attention has been paid to the history of identity, a concept that revolutionized literary and cultural studies, and arguably politics, in the second half of the twentieth century. Identity tends to be associated with liberal and progressive causes today, but in the immediate aftermath of World War II it was seen as a threat to liberalism, classified as a ‘fable’ or ‘myth’ (in keeping with Northrop Frye’s usage in Fables of Identity) and approached primarily through the literary and psychological vocabularies of personification, prejudice and projection. The primary vehicle of post-war liberalism was not identity but individualism, and in fact identity was seen as a curtailment of individual freedom.” Gross, Lalia. “Frye.” In An Introduction to Literary Criticism, ed. Lalia Gross. New York: Capricorn Books, 1972. 324–6. A summary of Frye’s position, serving as an introduction to “The Archetypes of Literature,” which isreprinted in Gross’s anthology. Treats briefly the content of Anatomy of Criticism, Frye’s theory of archetypes, and his Aristotelian debt. Grossman, Marshall. “The Vicissitudes of the Subject in Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism.” Texas Studies in Language and Literature 24 (Fall 1982): 313–27. Argues that Anatomy of Criticism reflects the issues of the subject and of the priority of language to the subject, even though Frye does not explicitly develop these issues. Sees thought as the mediating category in the Anatomy between self and other; literature, which imitates thought, is able to communicate certain intuitions and make them shareable, but it also mediates between subject and object. Observes that the social import of Frye’s work is embodied in his concept of civilization, which is the synthesis of desire (psychological subjectivity) and experience (thought turned toward the physical world).

Grujan, Simona Mărieş. “Pentru o dialectică a reprezentării” [For a Dialectic of Representation]. Postmodern Openings 1 (2010): 95–110. In Romanian. On the dialectic in Frye and Ricoeur of mythos and history, of dianoia and anagnorisis. –  “Postmodern Prose and Fairy-Tale Resurrection— Mythical Morphologies in Romanian and European Fairy Tales.” Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov, Series IV: Philology & Cultural Studies 1 (2011): 109–16. Gu, Hanyan. “On the Archetype in Joseph Conrad’s Novels.” Journal of Yancheng Teachers’ College 1 (1992). In Chinese. Gu, Mingdong. “Theory of Fiction: A Non-Western Narrative Tradition.” Narrative 14, no. 3 (October 2006): 311–38. On Frye’s theory of modes. –  “The Universal Significance of Frye’s Theory of Fictional Modes.” In O’Grady and Wang, Northrop Frye, 162–76, and as “Frye and Psychoanalysis in Literary Studies: The West and China,” in Wang and O’Grady, New Directions, 239–64. Traces the connections between Frye’s theory of modes and psychoanalytic theory. Argues that Frye’s theory can be applied to Chinese literature. Gualberto Valverde, R. “‘De-emplotting’ History: Genre, Violence and Subversion in Christopher Marlowe’s Edward II.” Complutense Journal of English Studies 24 (2016): 43–59. Uses Frye’s theories of displacement and emplotment to interpret Marlowe’s Edward II. Guaramba, Manoel Francisco. “D. Casmurro: Ficção e confissão, anatomia da alma” [D. Casmurro: Fiction and Confession, Anatomy of the Soul]. Cadernos: Centro Universitário São Camilo 9, no. 1 (January–March 2003): 33–41. In Portuguese. Notes that three of Frye’s forms of prose fiction are in Dom Casmurro: A Novel, by Machado de Assis. Guardiani, Francesco. “Da Ariosto a Marino, da Alcina a Falsirena: La maga seduttrice fra tradizione e innovazione” [From Ariosto to Marino, from Alcina to Falsirena: The Sorceress Seductress between Tradition and Innovation]. TSpace 2009. In Italian. https://tspace. library.utoronto.ca/handle/1807/24990. –  “Le categorie di Frye: Dall’Anatomia della Critica al Grande Codice” [The Categories of Frye: From Anatomy of Criticism to The Great Code]. In Lombardo, Ritratto, 65–86. On the theory of polysemous meaning. –  “The Common Ground of McLuhan and Frye.” McLuhan Studies 1, no. 1 (1997). Online at: http://

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www.chass.utoronto.ca/mcluhan-studies/v1_1art2.htm. This issue also contains McLuhan’s “Empson, Frye and Wimsatt,” from a note written on the flyleaf of Empson’s Some Versions of Pastoral about a 1973 dinner for the three and McLuhan, following Empson’s lecture at the University of Toronto. In Italian. Chapter 3, devoted to an analysis of Marion’s L’Adone, is based on Frye’s theory of language in the first chapter of The Great Code. Argues that just as Dante’s language is allegorical, its chief metaphors corresponding to the “this is put for that” model, Marino’s language is symbolically allusive, its metaphors expressed by the “this is like that” structure. –  “Northrop Frye e il potere della parola” [Northrop Frye and the Power of the Word]. Quaderni d’Italianistica 12, no. 1 (Spring 1991): 133–42. –  “Nota a Frye.” Allegoria 1 (1989): 60–8. Notes that Frye’s commitment to teaching at all levels in order to emphasize the nature of his liberalism and to correct the false view that his vision of literature is just another ideology. –  “Old and New, Modern and Postmodern: Baroque and Neobaroque.” McLuhan Studies 4 (1966). http://www. chass.utoronto.ca/mcluhan-studies/v1_iss4/1_4art2. htm. Turns to Frye to ask whether his historical typology provides any answers to the problem of contemporary cultural and selfunderstanding. –  “Il postmoderno esce dal caos: Verso la sintesi con McLuhan e Frye” [Postmodernism Emerges from Chaos: Towards the Synthesis with McLuhan and Frye]. Annali d’Italianistica 9 (1991): 56–71. In Italian. Compares McLuhan’s notion of the “global village” to Frye’s idea of “primary concerns,” showing how both perspectives constitute an interconnected Canadian response to postmodern cultural anxieties. Guerin, Wilfred L., et al. “Northrop Frye, Genres as Seasons.” In A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature. 6th ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. Gulliksen, Øyvind T. “Erik A. Nielsen: Kristendommens retorik. Den kristne digtnings billedformer” [Erik A. Nielsen: The Rhetoric of Christianity. The Christian Poetic Forms]. Edda 2 (2010): 211–17. In Danish. On Nielsen and Frye’s strategies for reading the Bible, and on Christian rhetoric and the structure of Christian imagery. Gunn, Joshua. “Gothic Music and the Inevitability of Genre.” Popular Music and Society 23, no. 1 (1999): 31–50. Quotes Frye to reinforce the idea that because

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genres change they are tools the critic uses “not so much to classify as to clarify affinities and traditions.” Gunton, Sharon R., ed. “(Herman) Northrop Frye.” In Contemporary Literary Criticism, vol. 24. Detroit: Gale Research, 1983. 207–33. Reprints selections from the following critics: John Garrett, Frank Kermode, M.H. Abrams, John Holloway, Frank Kermode, W.K. Wimsatt, Geoffrey H. Hartman, Angus Fletcher, Murray Krieger, Peter Cummings, Harold Bloom, Robert D. Denham, Frank Lentricchia, and Francis Sparshott. Gunzenhäuser, Randi, and Iris-Aya Laemmerhirt. “Romance and Gothic.” In Handbook of the American Novel of the Nineteenth Century, ed. Christine Gerhardt. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter, 2018. On Frye’s celebration of the “inherently revolutionary quality” of romance, which he examined in The Secular Scripture. Guo-Xi Wang. “On Frye’s View of the Narrative Mode of the Bible.” Journal of Taiyuan Normal University (Social Sciences) 4 (2012). In Chinese. Gurewitch, Morton. Comedy: The Irrational Vision. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1975. 17–19, 43–4. On Frye’s theory of comedy as it is developed in “The Argument of Comedy,” A Natural Perspective, and Anatomy of Criticism. Gurman, Elissa. “‘The holy and the powerful light that shines through history’: Tradition and Technology in Marge Piercy’s He, She and It.” Science Fiction Studies 38, no. 3 (November 2011): 460–77. As Northrop Frye argues in The Secular Scripture, “science fiction, despite its futuristic content, follows the narrative forms of past literary traditions: ‘in projected romance the past becomes the mirror of the future.’ These ‘creative repetitions’ of narrative structure function ‘essentially [as] a verbal imitation of ritual or symbolic human action.’” –  “‘Onward, Onward’: Sister Carrie and the Railroad.” Canadian Review of American Studies 47, no. 2 (2017): 199–218. Draws on Frye’s distinction between the horizontal structure of realistic narrative and the vertical structure of romance. Guševa, Jasmina Mojsieva. “Humour in Literature.” Блесок—литература и други уметности [Blesok / Shine—Literature & Other Arts] 5 (1998). “Concerning the features of the characters in comedies, Northrop Frye in Anatomy of Criticism points out four different types of characters: alazon or liar, eiron or selfminimizer, bomolochos or rejoicer, agroicos or clumsy. The fight between the liar and the self-minimizer is the

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basis of the comical action, while the rejoicer and the clumsy are a polar pair who encircle the comical event.” Gusfield, Joseph R. “Sport as Story: Form and Content in Athletics.” Society 37, no. 4 (May–June 2000): 63–70. “The encounters of sports take on additional meanings and dramatic qualities as metaphoric, according to Frye, in different guises and forms. The audience is able to relate the stories observed to universal experiences of their lives. Even though they may not use archetypal terms, the situations contain the possibilities for analogous resonance. The language of sports in American usage are those of combat, of struggle, of victory and failure, of common themes in literature and life.” Guttzeit, Gero. The Figures of Edgar Allan Poe: Authorship, Antebellum Literature, and Transatlantic Rhetoric. Berlin and Boston: Walter de Gruyter, 2017. Notes Frye’s distinction between ornamental and persuasive rhetoric. Gvozden, Vladimir. “Kaj je dobra knjiga? Bonae literae v enaindvajsetem stoletju” [What Makes a Good Book? Bonae literae in the Twenty-First Century]. Primerjalna Knjizevnost 40, no. 2 (2017): 79–90. In Slovenian. “. . . the idea, expressed among others by Northrop Frye, that every act of evaluation is simply ‘one more document in the history of taste’ is an oversimplification both of the concept of taste and the place of literature.” Gvozdeva, Katja. “Why Do Men Go Blind in the Theatre? Gender Riddles and the Fools’ Play in the Italian Renaissance Comedy Gl’Ingannati (1532).” In Dramatic Experience: The Poetics of Drama and the Early Modern Public Sphere(s), ed. Katja Gvozdeva, Tatiana Korneeva, and Kirill Ospovat. Leiden: Brill, 2017. “To more fully explore the role of the carnivalesque in Gl’Ingannati’s performance of gender we must, I would argue, reverse the usual perspective (to borrow from Northrop Frye’s methodological reflections in his notebooks and in ‘The Argument of Comedy’) by considering the ritual matrix of Gl’Ingannati [the deceived] not in terms of vestigial traces but rather in terms of its potentiality and teleology.” Gwynn, Frederick L. “Sequence and Change in the College English Curriculum.” College English 26 (October 1964): 1–2. An account of the Trinity Conference on college English curricula, to which Frye delivered the keynote address (April 1964). Comments briefly on several of Frye’s writings on educational theory and on his address to the conference, “Criticism, Visible and Invisible.”

György, Benyik. “Amerikai biblia (5)” [American Bible]. Keresztény Szó 5 (2012): 17–21. Frye’s work is said to represent the relationship between ethics and the canon. H Haarberg, Jon. “Northrop Frye og den menippéiske satiren” [Northrop Frye and the Menippean Satire]. Skrift [University of Oslo] 16, no. 1 (1996). In Norwegian. On Frye’s idea of Menippean satire as a fictional form. Habegger-Conti, Jena. “A Structure for Multiplicity: Invisible Cities and Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism.” Rivista di Studi Italiani 21, no. 2 (December 2003): 121–33. Examines Calvino’s Invisible Cities in relation to the principles of Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism. Habib, M.A.R. Literary Criticism from Plato to the Present: An Introduction. Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell, 2012. In a chapter on phenomenology, existentialism, and structuralism, gives an introductory overview of Frye as an archetypal critic. Hackenberry, Charles. “Romance and Parody in Brautigan’s The Abortion.” Critique 23, no. 2 (Winter 1982): 24. Discusses the relevance of Frye’s theories to the explication of the romance qualities of Brautigan’s writing. Hackenbracht, Ryan. “Marvell, Dryden, and Commercial Fishing Propaganda during the Anglo-Dutch Wars.” Studies in English Literature 1500–1900, no. 3 (Summer 2019). “Our modern aversion to propaganda might be traced to Northrop Frye, who accuses propaganda of sacrificing inventio for ideology and likens it to advertising, something akin to ‘statements made about the purity of a soap or a government’s motives.’” Hadas, Rachel. Review of Literature and the Gods, by Roberto Calasso. American Scholar 70, no. 2 (Spring 2001): 150–2. Concludes her review by contrasting the manner and matter of Frye’s prose with those of Calasso. Finds the latter wanting on both counts. Haddox, Thomas F. “Myth as Therapy in Lee Smith’s Oral History.” Mississippi Quarterly 68, nos. 1–2 (Winter– Spring 2015): 257–75. “Literary critics, perhaps painfully remembering the days when spotting Christ-figures or unresolved Oedipal complexes in novels was the discipline’s food and drink, have in recent decades become less enamored of mythic analysis—even in the studiously taxonomic manner associated with, say, Northrop Frye’s work.”

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Hageman, Andrew. Review of Derrida, Africa, and the Middle East, by Christopher Wise. Christianity & Literature 63, no. 1 (2013): 153–6. Hagen, Ragnhild. “ReligiØsitet i Knut Hamsuns Sult” [Religiousness in Knut Hamsun’s Hunger]. Edda 3 (2004). In Norwegian. Uses Frye’s The Great Code to uncover the structure of the religious myth in Hamsun’s novel. Hagerup, Henning. “Veien til Golgonooza: Northrop Frye, William Blake og litteraturens arketyper” [The Road to Golgonooza: Northrop Frye, William Blake, and Literary Archetypes]. Vagant 3 (1990): 32–40. In Norwegian. Is followed by a translation of Frye’s “The Archetypes of Literature” by John Tore Aartveit. Hagey, Rebecca. “Codes and Coping: A Nursing Tribute to Northrop Frye.” Nursing Papers/Perspectives en nursing 16 (Summer 1984): 13–39. Argues that the theory of interpretation in Frye’s The Great Code can be useful in the art of nursing, for the dramatic narratives that are shaped from the nurse/patient relationship attend to images, structures of meaning, symbolic codes, and transformations; and these things are more important in nursing care than rigid models and mechanical procedures for diagnosis. Hagopian, John V. Review of In Search of Literary Theory, ed. Morton W. Bloomfield. College English 35 (October 1973): 72–7 [74–6]. Finds Frye’s contribution to this collection, “The Critical Path: An Essay on the Social Context of Literary Criticism,” to be the most valuable of the six essays. Still, because Frye is concerned only with nomothetic forms he “ultimately fails to help us find a viable theory of literature.” Comments on Frye’s recommendations for the appropriate contexts of literary study and on the opposition he sets up between the myths of concern and freedom—an opposition that gives a new “twist” to the theory of archetypal criticism. Hague, Veroniqué. “‘Re-création vs recreation’ ou le mythe comme processus de reprise” [Re-creation vs Recreation or Myth as a Process of Recovery]. In Lewis Carroll et les mythologies de l’enfance. Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2016. 28–36. In French. “The problematic proposed by the subtitle, ‘The mythologies of childhood,’ raises the question of myth, symbolic meaning or even allegory as they are apprehended by the child, whose perspective is necessarily imprinted by realism. According to Northrop Frye, the myth is ‘a narrative in which some characters are superhuman beings who do things that happen only in stories’; hence a conventionalized or stylized narrative not fully adapted to plausibility or ‘realism.’ Our problem

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consists precisely in defining the relationship between myth and realism, but also in seeing if the dream would not have its own unity thanks to a very precise encoding system that the reader should discover.” Hair, Donald. Review of Secrets of the Oracle: A History of Wisdom from Zeno to Yeats, by W. David Shaw. Journal of Pre-Raphaelite Studies 19 (2010): 92–6. On Frye’s aphoristic style. Hair, Ross. “Ronald Johnson’s Modernist Collage Poetry.” Johnson’s New Transcendentalism. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. 23–49. Argues that Johnson is a visionary poet in Frye’s sense of visionary. Hairston, Andrea. “Different and Equal Together: SF Satire in ‘District 9.’” Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts 22, no. 3 (2011): 326–46. “‘Satire is militant irony, where moral norms are relatively clear, and standards are assumed against which the grotesque and absurd are measured.’ That’s the much lauded Canadian literary theorist Northrop Frye writing in 1957. Satire exposes the ridiculous in what we take for granted as normal, everyday, righteous, necessary, and/or essential. Satire is an improvisation on our experiences, a riff on other stories. The successful satirist, like a good jazz musician, takes what we think we know and artfully warps it for our delight and revelation.” Hăisan, Daniela. “Masculine & Feminine: Either, Neither, Both or More? Philologica Jassyensia 13, no. 2 (2017): 337–41. Comments on Sára Tóth’s paper, “Earth Mother and Sky Father: Gendered Archetypes in Northrop Frye’s Work.” See under Tóth below. Hajdu, Péter. “On the Authority of Aristotle’s Poetics.” Neohelicon 27, no. 2 (December 2000): 49–61. Begins with a discussion of the way Frye manipulates Aristotle’s dianoia, melos, and opsis for his own ends. –  “The Betrayal of the Satirical Text.” Neohelicon 40, no. 1 (June 2013): 47–57. Uses Frye’s terminology for satirical persona, such as the alazon, in interpreting Roman verse satire. Halász, Iván. “Slovenská literatúra a maďarský menšinový literárny život v maďarskom medzivojnovom lexikóne” [The Slovak Literature and the Literature of the Hungarian Minority in the Interwar Hungarian Lexicon]. Slovenská literatúra 3 (2018): 198–206. Looks at the principles that underlie Frye’s theory of modes and his theory of the four forms of prose fiction. Halkin, Hillel. “Genesis and the Talking Heads.” Commentary 103, no. 2 (February 1997): 44–50. “Starting with the 1970’s, the change brought about in perceptions of the Bible by writers like Northrop Frye,

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Edwin Good, Frank Kermode, Michael Fishbane, Meir Sternberg, and Robert Alter was initially confined to the scholarly community, it had a broad trickle-down effect. After nearly a century in which the widespread loss of religious faith had removed Scripture as a living book from the hands of most cultured readers, leaving it in the possession of church- and synagogue-goers on the one hand and the Higher Critics on the other, the new literary approach restored it to general accessibility. Suddenly, a generation of sophisticated college graduates came to realize that a text like Genesis did not have to be approached as either the Word of God or a problem in Semitic philology. It could be read as an artful story by the same methods, and with as much profit, as The Odyssey or Hamlet—and, with the thirst of long deprivation, so it was.” Hall, Ian. “The Satiric Vision of Politics: Ethics, Interests and Disorders.” European Journal of International Relations 20, no. 1 (2014): 217–36. Quotes Frye on satire as militant irony. Hall, Jasmine Jong. “Jameson, Genre, and Gumshoes: ‘The Maltese Falcon’ as Inverted Romance.” In The Cunning Craft: Original Essays on Detective Fiction and Contemporary Literary Theory, ed. Ronald G. Walker and June M. Frazer. Urbana: Western Illinois University Press, 1990. 109–19. Uses Todorov, Frye, and Jameson in the context of the romance subtext of the American detective story. Argues that mythic reference enacts ironic difference rather than the direct identity that Frye perceives. Halldorson, Stephanie S. The Hero in Contemporary American Fiction: The Works of Saul Bellow and Don DeLillo. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. Delves into “the ‘why’ of the hero as a natural companion piece to the ‘how’ of the hero as written by Northrop Frye and Joseph Campbell over half a century ago.” Hallett, David. “Fearless Symmetry: A Reformed Recouping of Northrop Frye’s Archetypal Criticism with Special Reference to the New Testament’s Use of the Old Testament.” Westminster Theological Journal 77, no. 2 (Fall 2015): 384. Abstract of dissertation, which “seeks to identify and critique Frye’s archetypal criticism and then to recoup certain aspects of it as a tool to nuance the understanding of the use of typology by New Testament writers in some of their quotations and allusions to the Old Testament. Hallowell, Gerald. “On the Edge, at the Centre: A Life in History.” Canadian Historical Review 98, no. 2 (June 2017): 378–402. “An advantage of being located at Victoria College was that in my third year I was able to

take Northrop Frye’s course on the Bible as literature, exploring the symbolism and myths within. Immensely stimulating, the course was frankly over my head, but I did manage to scrape through with a C.” Halmi, Nicholas. “The Metaphysical Foundation of Frye’s Monadology.” In Donaldson and Mendelson, Frye and the Word, 97–104. On the function of “monad” in Frye’s theory of symbols as capturing the relationship between the finite and the infinite in literary texts, as well as between the self and the world. –  “Northrop Frye’s Fearful Symmetry.” Essays in Criticism 55, no. 2 (April 2005): 159–72. On the connections between Frye’s book and his personal agenda, including the development of the general critical principles that emerged full-blown in the Anatomy, his view of the politics of the time, and his rejection of Methodist piety. Recognizes Fearful Symmetry as a watershed book, but questions some of its postulates, such as the existence of what Frye called the “Orc cycle” and the idea that Blake conceived of his work as a unified canon. –  “Remembering M.H. Abrams, 1912–2015.” NASSR Newsletter (North American Society for the Study of Romanticism) 24, no. 1 (Spring 2015): 4–5. Halpern, Nick, and Jane Hedley. “Louise Glück’s “I.” Literature Compass 2, no. 1 (January 2005). Article centres on Frye’s notion that the “radical of presentation” of the lyric is the poet speaking with his back to the audience, the members of which overhear. Halpern, Richard. “Modernist in the Middle: The Centrality of Northrop Frye.” Chap. 3 of Halpern’s Shakespeare among the Moderns. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997. 114–58. An account of how Frye and other modernist critics have “used Shakespeare to negotiate the historical dilemmas of the era . . . and of the way we continue to follow their lead in our own criticism.” Illustrates how Frye’s system “reproduces the dynamic of consumer capitalism in its most pacifying aspect” and might itself be seen as “simply another romance fiction which, like Pericles itself, both mimics and devises a utopian response to the totalizing movement of capital.” “It is no accident that Northrop Frye occupies the third and middle chapter in this study of Shakespeare and modernism, for Frye’s career dominated Anglo-American literary criticism in the middle decades of this century. Like the Tower of Babel he was so fond of referring to, Frye achieved an eminence in the field of literary studies that remains unequaled by any successor. And like that biblical tower, Frye’s elaborately constructed system now lies in ruins. Frye’s eclipse, however, occurred not despite but

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because of the fact that his work represents a powerful culmination of modernist criticism. Frye successfully, if temporarily, prolonged modernist critical practice in the universities at a time when modernism as a movement had petered out.” Ham, James M. “Guest Editorial: The Context of Engineering Education.” Canadian Electrical Engineer 5, no. 1 (January 1980): 4–5. “Northrop Frye has said that knowledge is knowledge of something: wisdom is a sense of the potential rather than the actual, a practical knowledge ready to meet whatever eventualities may occur in an uncertain future.” Haman, Aleš. “Ideologie a axiologie (k problému narativní povahy historiografie a historické beletrie)” [Ideology and Axiology: On the Problem of the Narrative Nature of Historiography and History]. Studia Moravica: Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis Facultas Philosophica —Moravica 4 (2006): 9–14. In Czech. Notes the genre formulas of Frye. –  “Velekniha literárněvědného myšlení Northrop Frye: Anatomie kritiky” [Northrop Frye: The Book of Literary Ideas: Anatomy of Criticism]. In Kontexty a konfrontace. Prague: Arsci, 2010. 335–9. In Czech. On the acknowledged leader of literary thinking: the contexts and confrontations of his Anatomy of Criticism. Haman, Aleš. “Velekniha literárněvědného myšlení Northrop Frye” [Frye’s Idea of a Science of Criticism]. In Kontexty a konfrontace [Contexts and Confrontations]. Prague: Arsci, 2010. In Polish. Hambidge, Joan. “Op my literêre sofa” [On My Literary Sofa]. Beeld (1991). In Frisian. http://152.111.1.88/ argief/berigte/beeld/1991/08/1/3/8.html. Hames, Scott. “Eyeless in Glasgow: James Kelman’s Existential Milton.” Contemporary Literature 50, no. 3 (Fall 2009): 496–527. “As Northrop Frye observed of Milton’s Samson, his ‘inability . . . to stare back is his greatest torment.’ Worse still, perhaps, is accepting the bleak ‘truth’ of this gaze. The intimately piercing look of the schoolteacher forces a private acknowledgment of what the eyes seem to perceive, rather than assert.” Hamid, Farooq. “Storytelling Techniques in the ‘Mas̱navī-yi Ma’navī’ of Mowlana Jalal Al-Din Rumi: Wayward Narrative or Logical Progression?” Iranian Studies 32, no. 1 (Winter 1999): 27–49. Deals with the formal aspects of the storytelling techniques employed by Rumi. The framework for understanding these techniques is Frye’s theory, developed in Words with Power, of the descriptive and the conceptual or dialectic modes of meaning.

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Hamilton, A.C. “Introduction.” In The Myth of Deliverance: Reflections on Shakespeare’s Problem Comedies. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1993. ix–xx. Reviews the contexts of these lectures—Frye’s project on the Bible and literature, Frye’s other writings on Shakespeare (especially the theory of comedy developed in the Anatomy and A Natural Perspective), and Shakespeare’s other plays. –  “The Legacy of Frye’s Criticism in Culture, Religion, and Society.” In Lee and Denham, Legacy, 3–14. On the relation between several recorded visionary moments in Frye’s life and the critical insights about myth and metaphor to which they led. –  “Northrop Frye: The Visionary Critic.” CEA Critic 42 (November 1979): 2–6. Sees Frye’s visionary criticism as having three major characteristics, each of which results from his standing at the centre of literature: (1) it forms a continuous whole; (2) it possesses integritas, consonantia, and claritas; and (3) it is creative. (This essay received the Robert A. Miller Memorial Prize as the best article to appear in a CEA publication during 1979.) –  “Northrop Frye and the Literary Canon.” English Studies in Canada 19 (June 1993): 179–93. Maintains that Frye is concerned with canons in the expansive sense, “first with the canon of all literary works as an order of words, then with the canon of all uses of words as a verbal universe, and finally with the canon formed by the concordance of the Bible and literature.” But Frye has his own more restricted canon: the works of Spenser, Shakespeare, Milton, Blake, Stevens, et al. The works of these writers are central to their own age, communicate universally, and “sum up our entire literary experience.” Concludes by showing how Frye’s ideas on the canon can be applied to the current critique of canonical works. –  “Northrop Frye and the New Historicism.” Recherches semiotics/Semiotic Inquiry 13, no. 3 (1993): 73–83. On Frye’s response to cultural criticism: Frye’s notion of the identity of mythology and literature means that literature transcends culture, while for the new historicists literature is always culturally specific. –  “Northrop Frye as a Canadian Critic.” University of Toronto Quarterly 62 (Spring 1993): 309–22. Frye’s distinctiveness as a Canadian critic is defined by his Methodist background, his affiliation with the United Church of Canada, and his response to Canada’s geography and history. An earlier version of this essay appeared in The Legacy of Northrop Frye in the East and West: Proceedings of the Third Annual International Conference of Canadian Studies. [Seoul]: Canadian Studies Center, Sookmyung Women’s University,

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1992. 3–15, and was reprinted in Canadian Literature: Introductory and Critical Essays, ed. Sang Ran Lee et al. Seoul: Center for Canadian Studies, Institute of East and West Studies, Yonsei University, 1994: 1–19. –  “Northrop Frye as a Cultural Theorist.” In Boyd and Salusinszky, Rereading Frye, 103–21. Notes the major influences on Frye’s view of culture—Spengler and Arnold—and his connection, often by opposition, with other cultural theorists—Leavis, Williams, the new historicists. Frye’s cultural criticism was deeply informed by his vision of social concern. “Frye is the cultural critic of our generation because he is the voice of [the] primary mythology expressed in poetry.” –  “Northrop Frye in Print and in Conversation.” Queen’s Quarterly 101, no. 4 (Winter 1994): 895–9. An essay that reviews Frye’s The Eternal Act of Creation, The World in a Grain of Sand, Reading the World, and Visionary Poetics (ed. Denham and Willard). –  “Northrop Frye on Teaching.” In Young Mi Moon Jauk ui Juntong, ed. Gun Sup Lee. Seoul: 1984. 489–503. –  “Northrop Frye on the Bible and Literature.” Christianity and Literature 42 (Spring 1992): 255–76. On the central place the Bible held for Frye through his entire career—from his early years through Fearful Symmetry and Anatomy of Criticism and finally to his last three books. Considers the reaction of the reviewers of The Great Code, especially Robert Alter’s historically oriented critique, which Hamilton contrasts with Frye’s typological method. For Frye, “the Bible provides the archetypal vision or mythological universe from which literature directly derives or descends; it gives literature its ultimate context and its imaginative, metaphorical, or mythical framework.”

Hammill, Graham. “Recent Studies in the English Renaissance.” Studies in English Literature, 1500–1900 56, no. 1 (Winter 2016): 193–241. “Gordon Teskey’s much-anticipated The Poetry of John Milton is a comprehensive study that divides Milton’s work into three chronological stages, mapping Milton’s thinking about transcendence and immanence as well as his sense of liberty and political engagement onto his developing poetic style. Clearly influenced by Northrop Frye, Teskey’s stages are dialectical in nature.” Han, Jing. “The Insights of Archetypal Criticism Theory for American Literary Works.” Journal of Nanjing University of Finance and Economics 2 (2007). In Chinese. Han, Lei. Mythological Criticism. Shanghai: Shanghai University Press, 2012. On Frye as the most important of the mythological critics. The main source of Han’s study is Anatomy of Criticism. Han, Sohee. “Children’s Book and Analytical Essay.” Boston University, 2020. https://bu.digication. com/wr202A1_hansohee/Analytical_Essay_Final. Distinguishes between Joseph Campbell’s view of the adventure story and Northrop Frye’s view. Han, Wei. “An Archetypal Analysis of the Tibetan Epic of King Gesar.” Journal of the Chinese People’s University 3 (2005). In Chinese.

Hamilton, Geoffrey. “Northrop Frye and Harold Bloom Don’t Know Shakespeare.” ishakespeare.org (23 August 2003). http://gamegene.org/esha_frybloom. html. “Northrop Frye and Harold Bloom are required reading when it comes to Shakespeare studies, yet as they base much of their surmising on the so-called life of Shakespeare of Stratford upon Avon, they do much to devalue their life’s work.”

Hanafin, Patrick, Adam Gearey, and Joseph Brooker. “Introduction: On Writing: Law and Literature.” Journal of Law and Society 31, no. 1 (March 2004): 1–2. About a special issue devoted to law and literature. “Contributors have also sought to approach both literature and law as concepts. What do they share, and what can they learn from each other? Literature, certainly, has its own laws: the laws of genre, the rules of art, the great systems of classification and taxonomy which have been proposed from the classical world to Northrop Frye and Roland Barthes. Is our practice of literary value bound up with, or by, laws—explicit or otherwise? Can preferences be translated into laws—or does the act of judgment seek, precisely, to evade the binding of law and represent a particular experience in all its uniqueness? In this sense, law and the aesthetic are more closely interwoven than one may think.”

Hamilton, Patricia W. “Too Good to Miss.” English Journal 72 (February 1983): 91–2. Seeks to show how Anatomy of Criticism is helpful to English teachers “in dispelling some of the mystery of literature and in establishing the relevance of its character and conflicts to our students, their understanding of the progress of civilization, and their appreciation of literature.”

Hancock, Maxine. “‘Nor do thou go to work without my Key’: Reading Bunyan Out to the Edges.” In Oxford Handbook of John Bunyan, ed. Michael Davies and W.R. Owens. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2018. “The marginal notes in [The Pilgrim’s Progress] were conspicuous evidence of the effort of the author to control the interpretation of the work, and were

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therefore contributors to what Northrop Frye identified as resistance to allegory on the part of readers who were ‘offended by the author’s encroachment on their freedom of interpretation.’” Handler, Richard. “100 years of Northrop Frye.” CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/100-years-ofnorthrop-frye-1.1249574. An overview of Frye’s career, anticipating the centenary of his birth. Hanes, V.G. “Northrop Frye’s Theory of Literature and Marxism.” Horizons: The Marxist Quarterly 24 (Winter 1968): 62–78. Rpt. in Man and the Arts: A Marxist Approach, by Arnold Kettle and V.G. Hanes (New York: American Institute for Marxist Studies, 1968), 17–33. An effort to counter Frye’s approach to Marxism and his objections to Marxist literary theory and criticism, as these are presented in Anatomy of Criticism and The Modern Century. Analyses Frye’s four objections to Marxist critical theory: that it holds a quasi-organic theory of history, that it sees only one kind of literary meaning, that it does violence to poetic autonomy and the imagination, and that it brings an extra-critical framework to literature. Claims that “Frye has read little Marxist theory of any kind” and that, by stressing literary autonomy and the importance of poetic form, he misses the significant relations between literature and society stressed by Marxist critical theory. Hanlon, Aaron R. “Toward a Counter-Poetics of Quixotism.” Studies in the Novel 46, no. 2 (2014): 141– 58. “Those researching the quixotic have . . . developed a useful map of ‘quixotic’ characteristics, which, when disentangled from their genre implications, can begin to move us away from thinking about quixotism as a taxonomic term and toward thinking about the character of quixotism itself. In Anatomy of Criticism, Northrop Frye identified the ‘quixotic phase of satire,’ characterized by ‘the setting of ideas and generalizations and theories and dogmas over against the life they are supposed to explain.’” Hans, Julia. “‘Landy Goshen! Here comes a whole troop o’ them city boarders’: May Isabel Fisk’s ‘Dialect Monologues.’” Studies in American Humor, New Series 3, no. 22, Special Issue: Literary Comedians, Literary Comedy, and Mark Twain (2010): 129–45. “This essay addresses five of Fisk’s dialect satires published between 1903 and 1911. In contrast to the haughty figures in her lady satires, the women in these dialect monologues are humble characters in the wise-fool tradition. Northrop Frye discusses how such a character is used frequently in American folk humor, and he makes an important connection between this type and the

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‘counsel-of-prudence genre,’ which has its origin in Poor Richard’s Almanac and the Sam Slick papers.” Hansen, Inge Margit. Aspekter af Northrop Fryes Bidrag til Kritikken af Shakespeares Romantiske Komedier og Romancer [Aspects of Northrop Frye’s Contributions to the Criticism of Shakespeare’s Romantic Comedies and Romances]. Copenhagen, 1977. In Danish. Hansen, Niels Bugge. “Wise Saws and Modern Instances.” In Proceedings from the Second Nordic Conference for English Studies, ed. Hakan Ringbom and Matti Rissanen. Helsinki: Abo Akademi, 1984. 389–401 [396–401]. Applies several theories of comedy to twentieth-century drama and finds Frye’s to be the most theoretically promising. Hanska, Jan. “Prophetic Politics—Leadership Based on the Stories of a Golden Past and a Glorious Future.” Perspectives 17, no. 2 (2009): 93–117. “This article concerns itself with establishing and defining the concept of prophetic politics as a narrative-based political leadership.” Uses Frye to define the genre of prophetic narratives. Hanson, Elizabeth. “There’s Meat and Money Too: Rich Widows and Allegories of Wealth in Jacobean City Comedy.” ELH 72, no. 1 (2005): 209–38. Part 1 of this essay is on the relation of Frye’s genre theory—and those of others (Jameson, McKeon, Moretti)—to both history and literary form. Hao, Liang. “The Stylistic Genes and Spiritual Pedigree of Dong Xi’s Fiction.” Chinese Literature Today 6, no. 2 (2017): 91–4. “Dong Xi’s characters fit Northrop Frye’s description of character types in Menippean satire: intellectually simple, impetuous, and rude.” Hapgood, Robert. “Shakespeare and the Ritualists.” Shakespeare Survey 15 (1962): 111–26 [118]. Brief comment about Frye’s recognizing ritual qualities and seasonal analogies in Shakespeare’s comedies. Happy, Michael. “Frye and Derrida.” Northrop Frye Weblog. https://macblog.mcmaster.ca/fryeblog/ category/frye-and-post-structuralism/. On the two critics’ differing views of metaphor. –  “Frye 101: An Introduction to Northrop Frye.” Ellipse: Texts littéraires canadiens en traduction/Canadian Writing in Translation 87–8 (2012): 21–5. –  “A Happy Thanksgiving with Michael Happy.” Art Waves #2, Mohawk College, Hamilton, Ontario, 23 September 2010. Bernadette Rule interviews Michael Happy on C101.5 FM about his interest in Shakespeare and Frye’s influence in nurturing that interest.

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–  “Prophecy and Recognition in the Criticism of Northrop Frye.” Northrop Frye Weblog, McMaster University. https://macblog.mcmaster.ca/fryeblog/mythos-andvariation-prophecy-and-self-recognition-in-thecriticism-of-northrop-frye/. –  “The Reality of the Created: From Deconstruction to Recreation.” In Donaldson and Mendelson, Frye and the Word, 81–96. A detailed comparing and contrasting of Frye’s theory of metaphor with Derrida’s. Haralambidou, Penelope. “The Allegorical Project: Architecture as Figurative Theory.” In Architecture and Authorship: Studies in Disciplinary Remediation, ed. T. Anstey et al. London: Black Dog, 2006. Draws on Frye’s theory of allegory to develop a theory of architecture. “According to Angus Fletcher, in the simplest terms allegory says one thing and means another. Deriving from the Greek allos, other, and agoria, speaking, it signifies a doubleness of intention that requires interpretation. Consequently, Northrop Frye remarks that all commentary is allegorical interpretation and suggests the formal affinities of allegory with criticism. The paper will seek to identify a new territory of authorship in architecture which employs architectural design, the language of describing buildings, to articulate something ‘other’: a critical idiom combining drawing with text to contemplate on architecture, art, science and politics.” Harcourt, Peter. “The Canadian Nation—An Unfinished Text.” Canadian Journal of Film Studies 2, nos. 2–3 (1993): 5–26. “One of the most extraordinary features of writing about Canada is its recurring nostalgia for a rural past that has never actually existed. There is a yearning for the pastoral, which seems incongruously inappropriate both for the severity of our climate and for the harshness of our terrain. Indeed, ever since Jacques Cartier first described Canada as the land God gave to Cain, there has been a discourse about nature mentioned by Northrop Frye, developed by Margaret Atwood, ‘proven’ by Gaile MacGregor, and endorsed by Bruce Elder, that claims that the Canadian landscape is terrifying to behold.” Hardin, Richard. “Archetypal Criticism.” In Contemporary Literary Theory, ed. G. Douglas Atkins and Laura Morrow. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1989. 42–59 [52–5]. Traces Frye’s views on the structure of imagery, narrative, and myth, and summarizes his approach to Milton’s Lycidas. Glances at Frye’s relation to historical and biographical criticism. –  “Encountering Plautus in the Renaissance: A Humanist Debate on Comedy.” Renaissance Quarterly 60, no. 3

(Fall 2007): 789–818. “According to the generic definitions derived from later classical commentaries on Terence, comic action—unlike tragic—is to be feigned rather than drawn from history, testifying to comedy’s freedom to shape its fiction into conforming patterns of wish-fulfillment. In fact, a real achievement of modern comic theory—for example, in the work of Mikhail Bakhtin, C.L. Barber, Northrop Frye, Susanne Langer, and Erich Segal—has been to recognize that the best comic dramatists have not worked from the mimetic assumption.” –  “‘Ritual’ in Recent Criticism: The Elusive Sense of Community.” PMLA 98 (October 1983): 846–62 [846–7, 849–50]. Argues that recent studies in the nature of ritual call into question the assumption of Frye and others that myth originates in ritual or is a displaced form of it. Hardy, Stephan. “Oswald Spengler et Gabrielle Roy: Quelques pistes de lecture” [Oswald Spengler and Gabrielle Roy: Some Reading Tracks]. Cahiers francocanadiens de l’ouest 13, no. 2 (2001): 143–56. In French. “This article contends that Gabrielle Roy’s works deserve to be examined on their philosophical merits. However, describing similarities between The Decline of the West by the German philosopher Oswald Spengler and Roy’s writings is not in any way an attempt to prove that Spengler represented a direct influence on Roy. By showing the two shared at least three fundamental notions: cultural relativism, a non-linear conception of history and time, and the acceptance of death as an absolute, we hope to stimulate a discussion of Gabrielle Roy’s philosophical position.” Relies on Frye to explicate Spengler’s view of the organic rhythm of cultures: they are born, mature, and die. Harits, Imron Wakhid, and Ulfah Rizkyanita Sari. “Myths in Edgar Allan Poe’s ‘The Raven.’” Language Circle: Journal of Language and Literature 10, no. 2 (April 2016): 125–32. “This study is aimed to describe myths which appear in Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Raven” and to figure out the way that is used by Edgar Allan Poe to show the myths in the poem and convey the meaning of the poem itself. Archetype theory from Canadian critic Northrop Frye is used in this study in order to analyze the myths in the poem.” (from author’s abstract) Harland, Richard. “Myth Criticism and Northrop Frye.” Literary Theory from Plato to Barthes. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1999. 194–9. Harlington, Allison. “The Canadian Intellectual Tradition” (21 January 2008). http://www.sfu.ca/~roman/page122/

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files/page122_sidebar_4.pdf. Summary of and response to Frye’s “Sharing the Continent.” Harper, David A. “Revising Obsession in Shakespeare’s Sonnets 153 and 154.” Studies in Philology 112, no. 1 (2015): 114–38. Appeals to Frye’s dictum regarding Shakespeare’s sonnets: “Every writer on the sonnets is entitled to one free speculation.” Harper, Elizabeth. “‘And men ne’er spend their fury on a child’—Killing Children in Shakespeare’s Early Histories.” Shakespeare 13, no. 3 (July 2017): 193–209. –  “East-West Theories of Tragedy: Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Ji Junxiang’s 纪君祥 Zhaoshi guer 赵氏孤儿 (The Orphan of Zhao).” Comparative Literature: East & West 3, no. 1 (2019): 38–52. Draws on Frye’s Fools of Time: Studies in Shakespearean Tragedy. Harpur, Tom. “Every Human’s a Unique Epiphany of Hidden God.” Toronto Star (12 March 2005). Takes issue with Frye’s statement: “God must be thought of as the inconceivably transcendent: all thoughts of that psychotic ape Homo sapiens being divine have to be dismissed.” –  The Pagan Christ: Rediscovering the Lost Light. Toronto: Thomas Allen Publishers, 2004. Harpur claims Frye as one of his formative influences for his understanding of the mythological Jesus. Harrison, Bernard. What Is Fiction For? Literary Humanism Restored. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2014. “Humanistic literary criticism, the tradition shared both by academic critics of the stamp of Lionel Trilling, F.R. Leavis, Northrop Frye, or M.H. Abrams and by independent writers and intellectuals of the caliber of George Orwell, Edmund Wilson, T.S. Eliot, D.H. Lawrence, E.M. Forster, Virginia Woolf, and Cynthia Ozick, took it for granted that major creative literature constitutes one of our major resources for critical reflection on the human condition, both individual and cultural.” The culture wars have changed all that, what with its antifoundationalists such as Derrida and Lacan. Harrison sets out to defend the traditional view. Harrisville, Roy. “A Critique of Current Biblical Criticism.” Word & World 15, no. 2 (1995): 206–13. Includes Frye in one of four categories of biblical interpretation—orality. Hart, David. “‘Something in Between’: Byron and Northrop Frye’s Fable of Identity.” Paper presented at Pioneering Romanticisms: The 2010 International Conference on Romanticism. Texas Tech University, 11 November 2010.

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Hart, Jonathan. “Anatomizing History and Historicizing Anatomy.” Dalhousie Review 74 (Spring 1994): 65–100. Frye’s understanding of history includes a literary history that looks at the development of literature from within. –  “The Anatomy of Recognition: Discovering Northrop Frye.” A paper presented at the 19th Annual Graduate Conference, Centre for Comparative Literature, University of Toronto, 5 April 2008. – “CL History: Northrop Frye, Milan Dimić and Comparative Literature.” Inquire: Journal of Comparative Literature 2, no. 1 (January 2012). http:// inquire.streetmag.org/articles/61. “The two figures in this article are scholars and teachers I knew personally, but their importance for Comparative Literature is the main focus here. I first attended one of Northrop Frye’s lectures in Toronto in the mid 1970s and first met Milan Dimić in the mid 1980s in Edmonton. Frye was a key to the founding of Comparative Literature at University of Toronto in the 1960s, as Dimić was instrumental in the start of Comparative Literature at Alberta about the same time. These two programs are the earliest and most longstanding in English Canada: this despite their vicissitudes, in a period that has not been kind to the study of language, literature and the humanities.” (author’s intro) –  “Creating the Word: Northrop Frye and Writing.” In Interpreting Cultures: Literature, Religion, and the Human Sciences. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. 167–84. “Frye attempted to achieve recognition and understanding from different points of view. As someone who tried to declare the independence of criticism from literature, he created his own anatomy of the critique of the literary, building magnificently on Plato, Aristotle, Longinus, and others who made criticism a branch of their philosophical observations. Their ways of seeing or theoria helped to make it a part of aesthetics. Frye did much in this domain. In some ways, over a long time criticism grew distinct from exegesis and commentary (which had their roots in the explication of sacred texts such as the Bible and secular ones such as Homer’s) and from rhetoric (oration; the art of persuasion; the relation between speaker and audience, writer and reader). Frye came along in a period when many human sciences (the humanities and social sciences) were developing as fields and academic disciplines partly as a result of, or as a response to, the developments in the natural sciences.” (author’s abstract) –  “Eco, Story and History.” In From Shakespeare to Obama: A Study in Language, Slavery and Place. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. 127–138. Umberto Eco

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makes serious enquiries into language, literature, and the world. Unlike other theorists, “Eco also became an internationally known novelist. He is, then, a key figure because he provides a bridge between Shakespeare, who, unlike Philip Sidney, never wrote on poetics or literary theory, and figures, like Barbara Johnson, who does not seem to have published poetry or fiction. Like Harold Bloom and George Steiner after him, Northrop Frye wrote fiction and poetry, but this was not his primary concern. Eco becomes an interesting figure for examining language and place, text and world.” –  “The Ever-Changing Configurations of Comparative Literature.” Canadian Review of Comparative Literature/ Revue Canadienne de Littérature Comparée 19, nos. 1–2 (March–June 1992): 1–20 [8–10]. An introduction to a first issue of CRCL devoted to a review of scholarship. Includes an overview of Hart’s own essay, devoted to Frye’s Myth and Metaphor and The Double Vision and A.C. Hamilton’s Northrop Frye: Anatomy of His Criticism. –  From Shakespeare to Obama: A Study in Language, Slavery and Place. Houndmills, UK, and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. More than two-score references throughout to Frye’s criticism, Shakesperean and otherwise. –  “Frye’s Anatomizing and Anatomizing Frye.” Canadian Review of Comparative Literature/Revue Canadienne de Littérature Comparée 19, nos. 1–2 (March–June 1992): 119–54. A three-part essay devoted respectively to Frye’s Myth and Metaphor, Frye’s The Double Vision, and A.C. Hamilton’s Northrop Frye: Anatomy of His Criticism. Provides extensive summaries and commentaries for all three. –  “Letter from Edmonton.” Harvard Review 3 (Winter 1993): 163–5. On “two literary critics who tried to make sense of Canada and its literature and who sometimes travelled or commuted between Canada and the United States”—Leon Edel and Northrop Frye.” –  “The Mystical-Visionary Criticism of Northrop Frye.” Christianity and Literature 42 (Spring 1992): 277–98. Traces the idea of vision in Frye’s work from Fearful Symmetry to The Double Vision. –  “Mythology, Value-Judgements and Ideology in Northrop Frye’s Anatomy and Beyond.” Revista de Filología Hispánica 25, no. 1 (2009): 29–54. Also published in Visiones para una poética: En el cincuentenario de “Anatomy of Criticism” de Northrop Frye, ed. Luis Galván. Pamplona, Spain: Rilce (Revista del Instituto de Lengua y Cultura Españolas, 25, no. 1 (2009). On the basis of Frye’s criticism, differentiates

mythology from ideology, the latter of which is transcended in Frye’s late work. –  “Northrop Frye and the End/s of Ideology.” Comparative Literature 47, no. 2 (Spring 1995): 160–73. Review essay on Words with Power, The Double Vision, and Northrop Frye in Conversation. –  “Northrop Frye and the 1960s: The Crisis in Canadian Education.” Canadian Literature 152–53 (Spring– Summer 1997): 93–106. Frye’s view on liberal education in the 1960s, seen in the context of the Massey Report, the Macpherson Report, and the 1968 collection of essays The University Game. –  “Northrop Frye and the Poetics of Context.” In Wang and O’Grady, New Directions, 21–56. Looks at Frye’s late work, which is seen as focusing on ideology. –  “Novels, Almost Novels and Not Novels: Fiction, History, European Colonial Expansion and After.” Interlitteraria 9 (2004): 9–27. Says that Frye’s discussion of romanticism is “especially suggestive.” –  “Poetics and Culture: Unity, Difference and the Case of Northrop Frye.” Christianity and Literature 46, no. 1 (Autumn 1996): 61–79. Review essay on The Legacy of Northrop Frye. –  “The Quest for the Creative Word: Writing in the Frye Notebooks.” In Boyd and Salusinszky, Rereading Frye, 55–71. On Frye’s lifelong dream of writing fiction. –  “The Road Not Taken: The Fictions of Northrop Frye.” British Journal of Canadian Studies 9, no. 2 (1994): 216– 37. An account of Frye’s fictions, including his published fables and his unpublished notebook efforts. –  Textual Imitation: Making and Seeing in Literature. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. Chapter 4 “examines how a critical thinker considers the role of poetry or literature. Las Casas and Northrop Frye raise some religious issues that are sometimes displaced in texts. It is on the muthos (mythos) in its secular and social displacements that this chapter will concentrate and will focus on Northrop Frye, who, like Aristotle, is interested in genre in literature and the role of imitation. Frye saw literary works as begetting literary works. Texts imitate and are imitated. Frye, then, is an especially apt example in the past 70 years of someone who considered the ins and outs of representation or mimesis.” The chapter discusses Frye and those who interpret him. Hart, Kevin. Review of The Encyclopedia of Christian Literature. 2 vols. Catholic Historical Review 97, no. 4 (October 2011): 737–8. Hart complains that the encyclopedia does not have an entry on Frye.

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Hart, Thomas R. Cervantes and Ariosto. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2014. “More than thirty years ago, Northrop Frye protested against ‘the sloppy habit of identifying fiction with . . . the novel.’ Ten years later Robert Scholes and Robert Kellogg were still complaining that ‘our view of narrative literature is almost hopelessly novel-centered.’ Today the situation has changed, as Gerald Prince’s useful Dictionary of Narratology (1987) makes clear. Thanks to the work of writers like Vladimir Propp, Mikhail Bakhtin and Gerard Genette, discussions of narrative no longer deal almost exclusively with the novel, nor even with prose fiction.” –  “The Literary Criticism of Jorge Luis Borges.” MLN 78 (December 1963): 489–503 [501–3]. Rpt. in Velocities of Change: Critical Essays from MLN, ed. Richard Macksey. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1974. 277–91 [289–91]. Hart concludes his essay by calling attention to some interesting parallels between Borges’s criticism and Frye’s. –  “What’s Funny about Don Quixote?” Hispanic Research Journal 10, no. 3 (June 2009): 227–32. “Peter Russell has shown that Cervantes’s contemporaries considered Don Quixote a funny book, while many readers now consider it a serious and even tragic work. Three modern theorists of comedy—Northrop Frye, Henri Bergson, and Elder Olson—describe qualities most readers expect to find in a comic work. The absence of these qualities, or the presence of other opposing qualities, in Don Quixote helps to account for the reluctance of many readers today to agree that it is indeed a funny book.” (author’s abstract)

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–  “Geoffrey Hartman” [an interview with Hartman]. In Salusinszky, Criticism in Society, 75–96 [79, 87–89, 95]. Hartman responds to questions about his early critique of Frye and Frye’s demystification of prophecy. –  “Ghostlier Demarcations.” In Northrop Frye in Modern Criticism, ed. Murray Krieger. New York: Columbia University Press, 1966. 109–31. Rpt. in Hartman, Beyond Formalism: Literary Essays 1958–1970. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1970. 24–41; partially rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism, vol. 24, ed. Sharon R. Gunton. Detroit: Gale Research, 1983. 216–19. Suggests that Frye’s power as a critic may be due to his universalism, his unlimited reach. “Certainly no literary thinker, systematic or not, has attained so global a point of view of literature.” Goes on to compare Frye’s achievement with that of Eliade in comparative religion and Malraux in the history of art. Links Frye to the movement to democratize criticism and observes that his great achievement is the recovery of the intrinsic role of romance in the human imagination. –  “Reading Aright: Keats’s ‘Ode to Psyche.’” In Centre and Labyrinth: Essays in Honour of Northrop Frye, ed. Eleanor Cook et al. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1983. 210–26 [210–11]. Observes that Frye offers a contemporary justification of romance, which rejects accommodation, while at the same time presenting this justification in a highly accommodated form of prose. This contradiction is fruitful because it reminds us of just how much language resists the total form of romance. To retain romance we have to lose ourselves in its language, which is “the road not taken by Frye.”

Hartley, Gregory. “A Wind from the West: The Role of the Holy Spirit in Tolkien’s Middle-Earth.” Christianity and Literature 62, no. 1 (Autumn 2012): 95–120. “The writers of Scripture frequently invoke Holy Spirit in elemental terms. Northrop Frye’s survey of Biblical literature shows the Holy Spirit at work ‘with birds, specifically the dove, with and with lightning-like flame descending on the apostles and bringing gift of tongues.’ Tolkien employs a similar collection imagery which likewise recalls the Holy Spirit.”

–  “The Sacred Jungle 3: Frye, Burke, and Some Conclusions.” Criticism in the Wilderness: The Study of Literature Today. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1980. 86–114 [87–90, 95, 113]. Sees Frye as going beyond the tradition of Arnold and Eliot in wanting criticism to be creative. Frye understands “creative,” however, to mean nothing more than producing allegorical interpretations. Even though Frye “completes Arnold by returning to Blake” and “corrects Eliot by arguing that what is important in religion can be communicated,” his encyclopedic system of allegory and archetypes actually accommodates and so weakens the power of literature.

Hartman, Geoffrey. “The Culture of Criticism.” PMLA 99 (May 1984): 371–97 [379, 387–9]. In an account of the relations among scholarship, criticism, and culture, sees Frye’s work as having been influenced by two ideals: “Arnold’s cultural evangelism” and “the intelligibility and teachability of science.” The latter places Frye among those who seek a methodological antirelativism.

–  “Structuralism: The Anglo-American Adventure.” Yale French Studies 36–7 (1966): 148–68. Rpt. in Hartman, Beyond Formalism: Literary Essays. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1970): 3–23 [9–17]. Examines British and American myth criticism as a form of literary criticism. Looks at Frye’s place in this movement, characterizing his work as “an attempt to

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value positively the influence of technology on culture, and especially on the appreciation of art.” Looks also at Frye’s distinction between criticism and interpretation and his ideas of spatial form and archetype. Maintains that Frye’s literary theory tends to ignore the discontinuity of myth; thus, “he omits a vital aspect of mythic thought.” –  “Toward Literary History.” Daedalus 99 (Spring 1970): 355–83 [359–62]. Rpt. in Hartman, Beyond Formalism: Literary Essays, 1958–1970. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1970. 356–86 [361–4]; and in In Search of Literary Theory, ed. Morton W. Bloomfield. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1972. 197–235 [203–7]. Sees Frye as one of the four significant twentiethcentury theorists who have expanded the idea of literary form. Frye removes the elitism of art by his analogy between primitive myths and the formal principles of all art. He democratizes literature; yet “he fails to bring together the form of art and the form of its historical consciousness—which is the ideal of the science we seek.” –  “War in Heaven.” Diacritics 3 (Spring 1973): 26–32. Rpt. in Hartman, The Fate of Reading. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1975. 41–56. A review of Harold Bloom’s The Anxiety of Influence. Examines Bloom’s implicit critique of the “sky-gods” of contemporary scholarship on romanticism: W.J. Bate, Meyer Abrams, and especially Frye. Comments on Frye’s view of cultural assimilation and on the difference between his and Bloom’s view of displacement. Hartman, Jim. “Frye on the Forms of Fiction.” Wisdom of the West (6 January 2009). http://wisdomofthewest. blogspot.com/2009/01/frye-on-forms-of-fiction.html. A detailed summary of Frye’s theory of the forms of prose fiction from Essay Four of Anatomy of Criticism. Harvey, James. “Kaufman’s Dissensus.” In Jacques Rancière and the Politics of Art Cinema. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018. “Satire is the most overt mode of comedic engagement with politics. As identified by Northrop Frye in his seminal Anatomy of Criticism, satire is an especially time-sensitive sort of comedy: ‘To attack anything, writer and audience must agree on its undesirability, which means that the content of a great deal of satire founded on national hatreds, snobbery, prejudice, and personal pique goes out of date very quickly.’” Hashimoto, Yuichi. “The Meaning of Poems from the Perspective of Myth Criticism.” School Studies 32 (1978): 25–47. In Japanese.

Haslam, Richard. “Investigating Irish Gothic: The Case of Sophia Berkley.” Gothic Studies 19, no. 1 (May 2017): 34–56. Takes issue with Frye’s definition of allegory. Haslett, Moyra. “Experimentalism in the Irish Novel, 1750–1770.” Irish University Review 41, no. 1 (2011): 63–79. Frye includes Thomas Amory’s The Life of John Buncle, Esq, within a list of anatomies, books characterized by their huge variety of subject matter and their interest in ideas, even to the relative disregard of character or plot. In this reading, Buncle is situated in relation to other anatomies: Boethius’s The Consolation of Philosophy, Robert Burton’s Anatomy of Melancholy, Izaak Walton’s The Compleat Angler, Sterne’s Tristram Shandy, the collaboratively written Noctes Ambrosianae, and Robert Southey’s The Doctor. Frye writes against what he sees as the failure of literary criticism to account for different traditions of prose fiction, even to recognize certain kinds of fiction because they do not fit conventional categories. “While Frye’s taxonomy of the ‘anatomy’ is a suggestive one, placing Buncle in a ‘tradition,’ if such a thing is possible, of eccentric, experimental prose, it also ignores what is novelistic about such works, what is novelistic even about their deployment of extra fictional elements, such as ‘a technical discussion of a theory of aesthetics,’ or, as in the case of Amory’s novels, the incorporation into fiction of extensive passages of theology.” Hassan, Ihab. “Beyond a Theory of Literature: Intimations of Apocalypse?” Comparative Literature Studies 1, no. 4 (1964): 261–71 [267–9]. Rpt. in Comparative Literature: Matter and Method, ed. A. Owen Aldridge. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1969. 25–35 [31–3]. A brief glance at The Well-Tempered Critic. Sees Frye’s later work as less architectonic than his earlier writings, yet remains disturbed that Frye still insists on a separation of art from life and still considers criticism not as the experience of literature but as an area of knowledge. –  Selves at Risk: Patterns of Quest in Contemporary American Letters. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1990. 23–4. On Frye’s perception of the quest romance as central to both the formal and historical structure of literature. Hastings, William T. “New Critics of Shakespeare: An Analysis of the Technical Analysis of Shakespeare.” Shakespeare Quarterly 1 (July 1950): 163–76 [167]. A short account of Frye’s essay, “The Argument of Comedy.” Believes that Frye’s interpretation of the symbolism of Shakespeare is forced and that his view of Lyly and Greene is “incorrect.” Also objects to Frye’s statements that tragedy is an “implicit or uncompleted

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comedy,” and that “comedy contains potential tragedy within itself.” Hasyim, Fuad. “Myth Fiction and Displacement in Northrop Frye.” Consortium of Linguistics and Literature (Yogyakarta) (26 May 2016): 46–8. Considers the way Frye looks at literature by outlining the theories in each of the four essays of Anatomy of Criticism. Hatina, Thomas R. Novozákonní teologie a hledání její závažnosti [New Testament Theology and Its Importance]. Prague: Karolinum, 2018. In Czech. Notes how Frye’s emphasis on myth in Words with Power fits into the development of a New Testament theology. See especially pp. 244–51.

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–  “George Grant’s Critique of Frye.” Essays in Canadian Literature. Lund: Nordic Association for Canadian Studies, 1989. 61–9. –  “Kommentar og debatt [Comment and Debate]— From the Reception to the Rejection of French Theory in Scandinavia.” Edda: nordisk tidsskrift for litteraturforskning 94, no. 2, (2007): 181. In Norwegian. –  “Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism as Canadian Literature.” Canada and the Nordic Countries in Times of Reorientation: Literature and Criticism. Ed. JØrn Carlsen. Nordic Association for Canadian Studies Text Series, vol. 12 (1966): 111–18.

–  “The Telic Conjunctions of Isaiah 6:9–10 in Mark’s Mythopoeia.” In The Language and Literature of the New Testament: Essays in Honor of Stanley E. Porter’s 60th Birthday, ed. Lois Fuller Dow, Craig A. Evans, and Andrew W. Pitts. Boston and Leiden: Brill, 2016. 303–27. Argues that the critical-historical approach to interpreting scripture should be supplemented by Frye’s mythopoeic approach.

Haughey, Nuala. “First Encounters of the Joycean Kind.” Irish Times (25 July 1996). “Dr. Alan Roughley, research fellow at the University of York, set out to clarify the effect of Joyce’s subversive ‘blast’ on the canon of Western literature. Reactionary critics such as F.R. Leavis excluded Joyce from the canon of English literature on the grounds that Ulysses and Finnegans Wake lacked organic form. But Northrop Frye maintained that the principles and structures of literature were produced by writers themselves and that what Leavis saw as the canon of the ‘Great Tradition’ was only a small part of the much larger canon of Western literature as a whole. Frye believed that the primary function of literature was aesthetic, not moral, Dr. Roughley explained. He used examples from Joyce’s work to illustrate how he had skillfully incorporated into it the five ‘modes of literature’ identified by Frye.”

–  “The Voice of Northrop Frye Crying in the Wilderness: The Mythmaking Function of Isaiah 40.3 in Luke’s Annunciation of the Baptist.” In Biblical Interpretation in Early Christian Gospels, vol. 3, The Gospel of Luke, ed. Thomas R. Hatina. London: T. & T. Clark International, 2010. 59–84. Begins with Frye’s literary-critical insights into myth and ideology as they relate to the reading of biblical texts.

Hauskeller, Michael. “Introduction” and “Birds Don’t Fly.” In Mythologies of Transhumanism. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. 35–54. Points to Frye’s definition of myth as an imitation of an action that lies near the conceivable limits of desire, the imagery of such narratives being represented as belonging to paradise or heaven. The transhumanist Paradise is attainable.

Hattori, Kunitya. “Oe Kenzaburo’s Acceptance of William Blake: Break with Frye.” Journal of Humanities and Sciences (Nihon University) 20, no. 1 (2014): 108–79.

Havelka, Miloš. “Úspěchy a neúspěchy v nejednoznačných konstelacích” [Hits and Misses in Cloudy Constellations]. Soudobé Dějiny 3–4 (2015): 474– 502. In Czech. “But it is probably true here that he [Václav Havel] once criticized this form of historical narrative. Canadian literary theorist Northrop Frye says that ‘happy endings don’t look like they are true, but as desirable, and they can only be achieved by manipulation.’”

–  “Od paměti k mýtu a ideologii: Historizující funkce písma v matoušově cestovním narativu” [From Memory to Myth and Ideology: The Historical Functions of Scripture in Matthew’s Travel Narrative]. Testimonia Theologica 2 (October 2016): 104–35. In Czech. Is indebted to Frye’s theory of symbols.

Hauge, Hans. “Frye og fremskridtet” [Frye and Progress]. Norsk Litteraturvitenskapelig Tidsskrift 6, no. 1 (2003): 3–13. In Norwegian. On Frye’s contention that literary criticism had to become a progressive science and had, therefore, to abandon evaluation. By science Frye meant social science and by progressive he meant having a total framework, which could make literature intelligible. Literary criticism as science was replaced—in the 1980s—by theory; but today even theory is in decline.

–  “Václav Havel v živlu absurdity, antinomií a nesmyslu” [Havel in His Element of the Absurd, Antinomies, and Nonsense.” Soudobé Dějiny 21, no. 3 (2014): 422–5. In Czech. https://www.ceeol.com/search/

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article-detail?id=79026. “The author focuses on the archetypal plan of ‘comedy’ which Jiří Suk has borrowed from the literary theorist Northrop Frye as the interpretational framework for his book about Václav Havel. Moreover, the author questions the extent to which it can properly be used to understand Havel’s dramatizations of absurdity and the absurd nature of politics.” Hawkes, Terence. “Comedy, Orality, and Duplicity: A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Twelfth Night.” In Shakespearean Comedy, ed. Maurice Charney. New York: New York Literary Forum, 1978. 155–63. Links Frye’s “structuralist” view and C.L. Barber and M. Bakhtin’s “Festival-Carnival” view of Shakespearean comedy to an “orality” approach to the two plays. –  “Comedy, Orality and Duplicity: Twelfth Night.” In Shakespeare’s Comedies, ed. Gary Waller. London: Longman, 1994. 168–174. On the major theories of comedy, including Frye’s. Hawkins, Paul. “Frye in the Classroom: Teaching Shakespeare with Northrop Frye and Harold Bloom.” English Studies in Canada 37, no. 2 (June 2011): 131–6. On the way that Frye’s criticism of Shakespeare’s late plays moves in the direction of Harold Bloom’s assertion that these plays transcend genre. –  “In Praise of Northrop Frye.” Paper presented at a Conference in Honour of Northrop Frye on the Centenary of His Birth, at Victoria College in the University of Toronto, 4–6 October 2013. Montreal Serai (December 2012): 1. http://montrealserai.com/2012/12/30/in-praiseof-northrop-frye/. On Hawkins’s experience teaching Frye’s work at Dawson College in Montreal. Hawkins, Sherman. “The Two Worlds of Shakespearean Comedy.” In Shakespeare Studies, vol. 3, ed. J. Leeds Barroll. Cincinnati: University of Cincinnati, 1967. 62–80. Uses Frye’s “green world theory” as a basis for examining Shakespearean comedy. Finds that it fits only four of the plays, and proposes a “closed world theory” to account for the remaining plays. Hawley, John C. Review of In Plato’s Cave, by Alfred Kernan. Cross Currents (22 September 2000). Kernan’s “biggest regret, judging from this study, is the fact that contemporary education reflects the contemporary scene, where relativism has taken such a strong stand against received truths. In the days of Northrop Frye, Talcott Parsons, Margaret Mead, B.F. Skinner, et al., there was, he remembers, ‘an enormous optimism that energized the entire academic enterprise’ because ‘it was possible to do something meaningful, to understand the totality of things. That feeling of great achievement is

gone now, almost without a trace, disappearing into its own impossibility.’ Such a description, and of himself as a ‘quite ordinary professor’ suggest that he recognizes the limits of that earlier age, but wishes (in a personal way forgivable in a memoir) that such a Camelot might have lasted.” Hays, Richard B. “Northrop Frye: Mythos and Dianoia.” In The Faith of Jesus Christ: An Investigation of the Narrative Substructure of Galatians 3:1—4:11. Chico, CA: Scholars Press, 1983. 22–4. Uses Frye’s adaptation of Aristotle’s mythos and dianoia as a “conceptual foundation for the claim that there is an organic continuity between a [biblical] story and a non-narrative explication of the story’s meaning.” He, Li. “A Research Summary of the Studies on Northrop Frye Both at Home and Abroad.” Journal of Hunan University of Science and Technology (Social Science Edition) 12, no. 3 (May 2009): 91–5. In Chinese. Frye was widely studied internationally before his death. The Chinese began to show interest in his work in the 1980s. He, Zhijun, and Ma Jian-ying. “Grand Narrative: A Review of Northrop Frye’s Holistic Cultural Criticism.” Hainan University Journal 21, no. 4 (2003). In Chinese. This paper examines the factors that interact to make Frye a cultural critic. It also elaborates on the differences between Frye’s critical theory and other theories of cultural criticism, including those of Carl Jung, Karl Marx, the New Historicism, and the New Criticism. –  “On Frye’s Integrative Cultural Criticism.” Journal of Langfang Normal University 20, no. 2 (2004). In Chinese. Head, Dominic, ed. The Cambridge Guide to Literature in English. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2006. See entries on Atwood, Margaret; Frye, Northrop; Macpherson, Jay; psychoanalytic criticism, Reaney, James; Shakespeare: performance and criticism. Heath, Peter. “Romance as Genre in the Thousand and One Nights.” Journal of Arabic Literature 18 (1987): 1–21; 19 (1987): 3–26. Uses Frye’s ideas about the conventions of romance in this reading of the Arabian Nights. Heath, Terry. “Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby and Northrop Frye’s Theory of Myths.” http://74.125.155.132/ search?q=cache:IAdbNAVXFvUJ:terryheath.com/ fitzgerald-the-great-gatsby-and-northrop-frye-theoryof-myths/+%22northrop+frye%22+theory&cd=9&hl=e n&ct=clnk&gl=us&client=firefox-a. Hebard, Andrew. Review of Poetic Justice and Legal Fictions, by Jonathan Kertzer. Modern Philology 111,

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no. 1 (August 2013): E4–6. Kertzer’s book examines the intersections between literary genres and legal jurisdictions. Relies on the generic distinctions Frye makes in Anatomy of Criticism. “The genres that matter most for Kertzer’s analysis are tragedy and comedy, and much of the argument in Poetic Justice and Legal Fictions vacillates between the compensatory endings of comedy and the sacrificial logic of tragedy, a logic where there can never be an adequate compensation of an injustice.” Hecq, Dominique. “Criticism can talk, and all the arts are dumb.” Presented at the 15th Conference of the Australasian Association of Writing Programs (AAWP 2010), Melbourne, Australia, 25–27 November 2010. https://researchbank.swinburne.edu.au/items/109a2e7962c6-442f-88a3-f12e440f24a2/1/. “As the title of my paper suggests, the tension between criticism and the arts, or theory and practice, is not new. It is indeed Northrop Frye who perpetuated the New Critics’ misconception in viewing the mode of existence of the literary work as wholly self-enclosed and inaccessible to language by saying: ‘Criticism can talk, and all the arts are dumb.’ This paper sets out from the hypothesis that such false dichotomy is predicated upon the tension between intellectual and emotional elements in our aesthetic response to texts.” Hedley, Jane. “‘I’ll Tell You Something’: Reader-Address in Louise Glück’s Ararat Sequence.” Literature Compass 2, no. 1 (2005). “In the first line of ‘The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock,’ who is being addressed? ‘Let us go then, you and I’: is Prufrock talking to himself, and has Eliot thereby put the poem’s readers in a position to ‘overhear’ an inner monologue? Is ‘Let us go then’ addressed directly to the poem’s hypocrite lecteur, who is presupposed to be the secret sharer of Prufrock’s emotional paralysis? Or has the reader been offered the opportunity to step into the ‘I’-position and become, for the duration of the poem, the sort of man who would have this conversation with himself? All three ways of conceiving of lyric utterance, and of what Northrop Frye terms its ‘radical of presentation,’ are concurrent among us, and the question of lyric address is one that is undergoing reconsideration in a number of critical and scholarly venues at the present time. . . . The conception of lyric utterance that was ‘canonized’ by both Northrop Frye, in the Anatomy of Criticism, and T.S. Eliot, in The Three Voices of Poetry, is that the lyric is pre-eminently and distinctively the genre of self-communion.” –  Modern Marriage and the Lyric Sequence. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018. “The lyric poet normally pretends to be talking to himself or to

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someone else: a spirit of nature, a Muse . . . a personal friend, a lover, a god, a personified abstraction, or a natural object,” is how Northrop Frye classically explained the lyric’s affinity for a rather special mode of second-person speech. Hedrick, Charles. “Realism in Western Narrative and the Gospel of Mark: A Prolegomenon.” Journal of Biblical Literature 126, no. 2 (Summer 2007): 245–60. Calls on Frye’s narrative types in a study of the narrative realism of Mark’s gospel. See especially part 2 of the essay “Northrop Frye and the Types of Narrative Fiction.” Heer, Jeet. “Atwood’s MaddAddam Trilogy.” In Sweet Lechery: Reviews, Essays & Profiles. Erin, ON: The Porcupine’s Quill, 2014. 82–5. “Atwood’s great mentor Northrop Frye taught us that all of Western literature is based on the cultural DNA found in the Bible. Faithful to Frye, Atwood has, in the MaddAddam trilogy, essentially rewritten both the beginning and end of the Hebrew and Christian Bibles, giving us both a new Genesis and a new Apocalypse. The trilogy is rich not just in Biblical references and invented futuristic religions but also in the primordial themes of Genesis: nature as a garden, sibling rivalry as a microcosm of human strife, humanity as a perpetually disobedient child. Like the Biblical God, Atwood is often wrathful towards her (or Her) creation, punishing them for their transgressions. But as in the Bible, Atwood also offers a promise of transcendence, perhaps not a new Heaven but maybe a new earth where her creatures can live in peace.” –  “Dr. Frye and Mr. Hyde.” National Post (5 July 2003): A21. On the image of Frye that emerges from his notebooks and diaries. See Michael Happy’s reply, “Frye Shunned Turf Wars,” National Post (7 July 2003): A13. –  “Hugh Kenner RIP.” In Sweet Lechery: Reviews, Essays & Profiles. Erin, ON: The Porcupine’s Quill, 2014. 124–30. Comments on the lessons, both positive and negative, that Kenner learned from Frye. –  “Jordan Peterson’s Tired Old Myths: The Canadian Psychologist Is Stuck in an Outmoded Intellectual Tradition.” New Republic, 21 May 2018. “Like Peterson, Northrop Frye, who flourished as a scholar from the 1940s until his death in 1991, wrote cultural analysis that was shaped by the works of Jung, Eliade and Campbell. . . . As Glen Robert Gill showed in Northrop Frye and the Phenomenology of Myth, Frye’s major innovation as a literary scholar was to take mythology away from the ethereal realm of Jung’s ‘collective unconscious’ (a speculative netherworld that defies empirical verification) and return it to history. In his studies of

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the Bible and literature, Frye showed that mythical archetypes were powerful and recurring, yes, but also subject to revision.” –  “Northrop Frye Revisited.” National Post (5 July 2003). On the Collected Works of Northrop Frye project. Heffernan, Julián Jiménez. “‘Butterfly on Rock’: Blake, Frye, Layton and the Canadian Imagination.” In Canadística canaria (1991–2000): Ensayos literarios anglocanadiense, ed. Juan Ignacio Oliva et al. Laguna, Spain: University of Laguna, 2002. 103–19. –  “‘The Naked Fellow’: Performing Feral Reversion in King Lear.” Comparative Drama 49, no. 2 (Summer 2015): 133–62. “Northrop Frye, who warned that no one can study King Lear without ‘wondering why Edgar puts on this Poor Tom act for Lear’s benefit,’ was probably unpersuaded by Harry Levin’s explanation of Edgar’s ‘vagrant grotesquerie’ in terms of a therapeutic correlative for Lear.” Heginbotham, Eleanor. “Living with It: The Comic Valedictories of Faulkner and O’Neill, Ah, Wilderness and The Reivers.” Studies in American Fiction 28, no. 1 (Spring 2000): 101–12. Studies the parallel uses of plots, comic devices, and the not-so-idyllic family life in the two works. Finds that both works closely correspond with Frye’s model of romance, as articulated in The Secular Scripture. Heidarizadeh, Negin. “The Significant Role of Trauma in Literature and Psychoanalysis.” Procedia—Social and Behavioral Sciences 192 (June 2015): 788–95. Notes Frye’s influence on Margaret Atwood. Heintzman, Andrew. Review of Genre, Trope, Gender: Critical Essays by Northrop Frye, Linda Hutcheon, and Shirley Neuman, ed. Barry Rutland. Essays on Canadian Writing 55 (Spring 1995): 83–90. A summary and commentary on Frye’s essay on Henry James, which opens the collection. “Frye’s essay exemplifies his lifelong project of creating a truly literary theory, one that would find its locus in literature. This is the essence of Frye’s methodology: literary knowledge is most valuable when it is firmly planted in literature; and only then can this knowledge be successfully applied to other aspects of human civilization.” Helwig, Maggie. “Breathing New Life into Frye Thesis.” Toronto Star (4 December 2002): A35. Helwig says, in a letter to the editor, “I was interested to read Philip Marchand’s column in Saturday’s Arts pages discussing the appearance in legendary literary critic Northrop Frye’s diaries of various works on occultism and Frye’s evident interest in the field. In an essay published in

Canadian Forum in 1987 [see next entry], I argued, based on a study of Frye’s published works at that time, that his literary criticism was heavily influenced by occult traditions and, indeed, was perhaps as much an experiment in magical thought as it was literary criticism per se.” –  “The Prospero Figure: Northrop Frye’s Magic Criticism.” Canadian Forum 67 (October 1987): 28–32. Rpt. in Helwig’s Apocalypse Jazz. Ottawa: Oberon Press, 1993. Claims that although Frye’s work has links with Rosicrucian and Gnostic thought and with Kabbalism and Zen Buddhism, “his ultimate loyalty is to the riddle, the koan, the outrageous statement that leaves you blinking at a suddenly wider world.” Henderson, Brian. “A Musical Comedy of Empire.” Film Quarterly 35, no. 2 (Winter 1981–2): 2–16. Contains a postscript featuring Frye’s definition of New Comedy. Henderson, Jennifer. “Critical Canadiana.” American Literary History 13, no. 4 (2001): 789–813. Uses Frye’s “Conclusion” to Literary History of Canada (1965) as a framework for reviewing four books of Canadian literary criticism. “In 1965, in the concluding essay to the first Literary History of Canada, Northrop Frye wrote that the question ‘Where is here?’ was the central preoccupation of Canadian culture. He equivocated as to the causes of this national condition of disorientation, alternately suggesting historical, geographical, and cultural explanations—the truncated history of a settler colony, the lack of a Western frontier in a country entered as if one were ‘being silently swallowed by an alien continent, a defensive colonial ‘garrison mentality’—explanations that were unified by their unexamined Eurocentrism. Frye’s thesis has since proven to be an inexhaustible departure point for commentaries on Canadian literary criticism—as witnessed by this very essay, by the title of one of the four books under review, as well as a recent issue of the journal Essays in Canadian Writing, organized around the question, ‘Where is here Now.’” Henkle, Roger. Comedy and Culture England, 1820–1900. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980. “The genesis of this book lies in an observation by the British critic L.C. Knights that ‘profitless generalizations are more frequent in criticism of comedy than in criticism of other forms of literature.’ Knights made that remark in 1933, before the rich and valuable studies of comedy by Northrop Frye, Susanne Langer, and Arthur Koestler were published, so the indictment is less valid than it once was. But the premise of his complaint still holds: most of what has been written about the nature of comic

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expression neglects the literary, individual, and social contexts within which that expression occurs.” Henry, Patrick Thomas. “A Defense of the Artist-Critic: Part Two of Two.” Massachusetts Review 59, no. 1 (2018): 145–61. Harold Bloom’s theory of the anxiety of influence “is an example of criticism as a form of autobiography: as Trevor Cook has convincingly argued in a recent issue of Modern Language Studies, reading Bloom’s Anxiety of Influence (1973) against his letters to Northrop Frye reveals striking similarities to Bloom’s distinctly Oedipal idolization of Frye and Anatomy of Criticism.” Herbozo Duarte, José Miguel. “Falsos romances: Anarquía y sociabilidad en Gonzalo Pizarro de Manuel Ascensio Segura” [False Romances: Anarchy and Sociability in Gonzalo Pizarro de Manuel Ascensio Segura]. Boletín del Instituto Riva-Agüero 35 (2009–10): 67–88. In Spanish. Draws on Frye’s theory of romance. Heredia, Aída. “La Carmen de Saura dentro del género ‘romance’: Tradición y ruptura” [The Carmen of [Carlos] Saura within the Genre of Romance: Tradition and Rupture]. Explicación de Textos Literarios 20, no. 1 (1991–2): 79–87. The Heresy Hunter (pseud.). “Northrop Frye: Rosicrucian Pest.” The Heresy Hunter (blog) (9 May 2010). http:// heresy-hunter.blogspot.com/2010/05/h2-northropfrye-rosicrucian-pest.html. An expansive attack on Frye’s religious views by a conservative Roman Catholic blogger. Herlth, Jens, ed. Stanislaw Brzozowski and the Migration of Ideas: Transnational Perspectives on the Intellectual Field in Twentieth-Century Poland and Beyond. Bielefeld: Transcript-Verlag, 2019. Includes a chapter entitled “Brzozowski and Romantic Revision,” which discusses Frye, Harold Bloom, and M.H. Abrams. Herman, Luc, and Petrus van Ewijk. “Gravity’s Encyclopedia Revisited: The Illusion of a Totalizing System in Gravity’s Rainbow.” English Studies 90, no. 2 (April 2009): 167–79. With regard to the encyclopedic nature of Gravity’s Rainbow, the authors refer to studies by Hillary Clark and Jed Rasula, who separately note that “the inevitable limits of the encyclopedic project are narrativized into the encyclopedic novel. . . . [They] duly point to Northrop Frye’s sections on Menippean satire and encyclopedic forms in his Anatomy of Criticism. Frye’s insistence on the encyclopedic impulse of Menippean satire leads him to isolate what for contemporary purposes are useful elements, such as the ‘loose-jointed narrative form’ and the importance of Rabelais for the merger between the anatomy and the

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novel. Another significant aspect of the Menippean form is its satire on the ‘philosophus gloriosus,’ a character that attempts to apply a static, abstract philosophical system to real life.” Herman, Peter C. “Northrop Frye, Lycidas, and the ‘Intense Inane’ of History.” In Milton and Questions of History: Essays by Canadians Past and Present, ed. Feisal Gharib Mohamed and Mary Nyquist. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2012. 266–90. On the relationship of Frye’s essay on Lycidas to the paradigms of Milton criticism up through the 1950s and on the relationship between Frye’s criticism of European literature and his criticism of Canadian literature. –  “Introduction.” In The Resistance to Historicizing Theory. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2004. On the ahistorical character of Frank Lentriccia’s critique of Frye in After the New Criticism. Herman-Sekulič, Maja. “Anatomija frajeve kritike” [Anatomy of the Critics’ Faults]. Sovremenik 1–2 (January–February 1980): 70–86. In Croatian. Notes that for Frye myth is the fundamental structural element of literature. Examines especially the Third Essay of Anatomy of Criticism, illustrating Frye’s use of displacement. Says Frye’s approach frees him from the “fetters of history” and from value judgments. Observes that while Frye’s mythopoeic theory permits him to move freely within the total order of words, it also leads him towards schematization. Notes that the seeking of similarities in works of literature leads to the creation of a monomyth. –  “Northrop Fraj.” In Skice Za Portrete: Američka Književna Scena [Drawing Portraits of the American Literary Scene]. Gornji Milanovac: Dečje novine, 1992. In Croatian. Hernadi, Paul. “Entertaining Commitments: A Reception Theory of Literary Genres.” Poetics 10 (June 1981): 195–211. Seeks to amplify Frye’s theory of myths into an aesthetics of reception. –  “The Erotics of Retrospection: Historytelling, Audience Response, and the Strategies of Desire.” New Literary History 12 (Winter 1981): 243–52. Reworks Frye’s map of genres in order to ask whether history gives rise to literary genres or whether generic patterns arise from the human imagination. –  Interpreting Events: Tragicomedies of History on the Modern Stage. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1985. 44–7. Notes that his use of the terms comedy, satire, tragedy, and romance owes much to Frye,

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but points to several basic differences between their taxonomies of generic types. –  “Northrop Frye.” In Beyond Genre: New Directions in Literary Classification. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1972. 131–51 and passim. An examination of Frye’s archetypal approach to literary classification. Devotes half a chapter to Frye’s taxonomy of imaginative patterns (mythoi), literary modes, and radicals of presentation. Points out that Frye’s theory of literature employs several principles of generic classification instead of subordinating one to another and that these principles “help us to see literary works within a polycentric conceptual framework.” Concludes with a discussion of the genre theory of two critics influenced by Frye, Robert Scholes and Carl H. Klaus. –  “Ratio Contained by Oratio: Northrop Frye on the Rhetoric of Nonliterary Prose.” In Denham and Willard, Visionary Poetics, 137–53. Argues that the ideas in the last section of the theory of genres in the Anatomy prefigure several current concerns in the study of texts, including the question whether literature can be distinguished from nonliterature. Concludes that Frye’s answer to the question is ambiguous: ratio both contains and is contained by oratio. In this respect Frye differs from both the formalists, who see clear distinctions between the literary and the nonliterary, and the poststructuralists (e.g., de Man and Eagleton), who do not. Herren, Michael W. “Comedy, Irony, and Philosophy in Late Late Antique Prosimetra: Menippean Satire from the Fifth to the Eighth Century.” Journal of Medieval Latin 28 (2018): 241–75. Herren “debates with modern critics such as Mikhail Bakhtin and Northrop Frye and their endeavour to establish a definition of Menippean that is valid for all periods. It is argued that Latin (both Roman and late antique) examples alone preserve the original form derived from Menippus that requires the mixture of prose and poetry, i.e. the prosimetrum. The prosimetrum is not merely formal, but operates in service to the dialectic inherent in the genre. The author argues that with the sundering of form from mode (the topoi and literary techniques identified in the genre) Menippean satire essentially died and had to be reinvented.” Herring, David. “Northrop Frye’s Theory of Archetypes.” http://edweb.tusd.k12.az.us/dherring/ap/consider/frye/ indexfryeov.htm. Herron, Thomas. “Order without Borders: Recent Genre Theory in English-Speaking Countries.” In Theories of Literary Genre (Yearbook of Comparative Criticism,

vol. 8), ed. Joseph P. Strelka. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1978. 192–208 [202–7]. A summary of Frye’s pre-generic and generic categories. Concludes that “a great deal of effort in the literary theory of the coming decades is likely to be directed toward correlating some of Frye’s genre concepts with those of other major critics, ancient and modern.” – “Titus Andronicus, Hell and the Elements.” Shakespeare 13, no. 3 (July 2017): 239–57. Hess, Carol Lakey. “Religious Education.” In The Wiley Blackwell Companion to Practical Theology, ed. Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore. Oxford, UK: Wiley Blackwell, 2011. 299–307. Argues that fiction should play a major role in religious education because fiction produces truth. Focuses on realistic and tragic fiction, as defined by Frye, rather than on his understanding of the ideal world of innocence and triumph found in comedy and romance. Heudecker, Sylvia. “Einführung zu Northrop Frye” [Introduction to Northrop Frye]. In Texte zu modernen Mythentheorien, ed. Wilfried Barner et al. Stuttgart: Reclam, 2003. 106–8. In German. An introductory overview of Frye’s theory of myth. Heyne, Eric. “The Literary Status of Nonfiction Narratives.” In Narrative Poetics: Innovations, Limits, Challenges, ed. James Phelan. Columbus: Center for Comparative Studies in the Humanities, Ohio State University, 1986–7. 137–45. [Vol. 5 of Papers in Comparative Studies]. Uses Frye’s idea of the separation of literature from life as a foil to develop his criteria for the literary status of nonfiction narratives. Hickey, Jeremiah. “The Past Must Not Be the Present: Legislative Supremacy and Judicial Duty in the Insular Cases.” South Central Review 30, no. 1 (Spring 2013): 97–132. “According to Hayden White, the telling of history develops through four modes of thought: the romance, tragedy, comedy, and satire. Drawing on the work of Northrop Frye in Anatomy of Criticism, White states that romance concerns a story of good versus evil and redemption over sin. Satire is the opposite of romance, and in this narrative humans become captives of the world and are unable to find salvation. Comedy concerns the ‘temporary triumph of man over his world by the prospect of occasional reconciliations’ of the forces at play in the social and natural world. ‘Finally, tragedy acknowledges that there are no festive occasions except false or illusory ones’ and that we live with ‘intimations of states of division among men more terrible then that which incited the tragic agon at the beginning of the drama.’ Further, while there are some

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reconciliations at the end of a tragedy, they are ‘more in the nature of resignations of men to the conditions under which they must labor in the world.’” Higashi, Tsutomu. “A Study of King Richard II: Richard’s Pathos Overshadows the Play.” Research Reports, University of Hyogo, School of Human Science and Environment 8 (2006): 151–8. Notes Frye’s remark that in the Elizabethan Age there might be official nervousness about showing a scene of deposition. Higdon, David Leon. “The Relevance of Northrop Frye’s Specific Continuous Forms.” Rocky Mountain Review of Language and Literature 43, no. 4 (1989): 223–34. Seeks to rescue Frye’s “Specific Continuous Forms (Prose Fiction)” (Anatomy of Criticism, Fourth Essay) from misuse and misrepresentation. Properly understood, Frye’s paradigm has three dimensions. Higuero, Francisco Javier. “Función Semántica Extensional de los viajes en Sara de Ur de Jiménez Lozano” [Extensional Semantic Function of Travel in Sara de Ur by Jiménez Lozano]. Symposium: A Quarterly Journal in Modern Literatures 45, no. 4 (1991): 288–302. In Spanish. Hilder, Monika. “We’re All Bad Poets.” English Studies in Canada 37, no. 2 (June 2011): 29–32. “‘In our use of words in ordinary life . . . we are all bad poets’ (Frye, Educated Imagination 58). But we can become better poets with literary training and that means training in mythical thinking, especially biblical thinking, for without understanding our metaphors and their historical origin, we are illiterate. ‘In other words, it’s the myth of the Bible that should be the basis of literary training’ (ibid., 46). So insisted our deservedly illustrious Northrop Frye in his little book, The Educated Imagination. And what influence has this had on me?” Hillger, Annick. Not Needing All the Words: Michael Ondaatje. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2006. Draws on Frye’s Canadian criticism throughout. Hillocks, George, Jr. “The Territory of Literature.” English Education 48, no. 2 (January 2016): 109–26. “Outlines the assumptions on which Hillocks believed that a literature curriculum should be organized so as to enable the scaffolding of students’ learning of interpretive procedures.” Based in large part on Frye’s theory of modes from the First Essay of Anatomy of Criticism. Hindmarsh, D. Bruce. “‘My chains fell off, my heart was free’: Early Methodist Conversion Narrative in England.” Church History 68, no. 4 (December 1999): 910–29. Notes “Frye’s analysis of the sequence of

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biblical narrative as a U-shaped ‘divine comedy,’ and his exposition of the influence of this pattern on Western imagination.” Hinsey, Ellen. “The Rise of Modern Doggerel.” New England Review 19, no. 2 (Spring 1998): 138–45. Discusses doggerel from the point of view of Frye’s categories of the “prose initiative,” which does not achieve the “associative” qualities of genuine poetry. Hinz, Evelyn J. “‘Tekeli-li’: The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym as Satire.” Genre 3 (December 1970): 379–99. Thinks Poe’s story is an excellent example of what Frye calls the Menippean satire. Hipolito, Jeffrey. “Owen Barfield’s Riders on Pegasus: An Introductory Essay.” Renascence: Essays on Values in Literature 71, no. 4 (2019): 211–69. Barfield’s poem “shares with romance the multi-level symbolic structure first identified by Frye. Frye identifies four such concentric circles; in many cases Frye’s scheme may overdetermine the text, but in this one it doesn’t go far enough, as Barfield’s poem contains at least five of them.” Hirano, Keiichi. “Furai to Kanadashi.” Eigo Seinen/ Rising Generation 137, no. 4 (July 1991): 180–1. Part of a special section of this journal devoted to Frye. See also the articles by Yamagata, Maeda, Nakamura, and Ebine. Hirsch, E.D., Jr. The Aims of Interpretation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976. 95–6, 126. Notes Frye’s position on value judgments and the social context of criticism. –  “Literary Evaluation as Knowledge.” Contemporary Literature 9 (Summer 1968): 319–31 [319–20]. Disagrees with Frye’s position, in “On Value Judgments,” that evaluation is not the proper function of the critic. Calls Frye’s position “separatist,” as opposed to the “anti-separatist” position in Murray Krieger’s “Literary Analysis and Evaluation.” Hirschfeld, Heather. “Introduction.” In The Oxford Handbook of Shakespearean Comedy, ed. Heather Hirschfeld. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2018. 1–20. Surveys the various approaches to Shakespeare’s comedies in the age of theory. Thinks the most influential have been those of Frye and C.L. Barber. Hirschler, Konrad. Medieval Arabic Historiography: Authors as Actors. New York: Routledge, 2006. The starting point for the analysis of narrative in chapters 5 and 6 is Hayden White’s modes of emplotment, drawn from Frye, about the shape taken by historical writing.

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Hitchcock, Kay W. “Rima’s Nature.” Pacific Coast Philology 1 (April 1966): 48–55. “[W.H. Hudson’s] Green Mansions is generally classed as romantic fiction, the literary mode that evolves from myth, according to Northrop Frye’s theory of modes and is not far displaced from myth. Hudson’s story clearly displays its romantic affinity to myth in its characters, narrative structure, imagery, and archetypal design.” Hitchcock, Peter. “Counter-Fitting.” Cambridge Journal of Postcolonial Literary Inquiry 4, no. 2 (April 2017): 159– 75. “The importance of Hayden White’s tropological historiography cannot be overemphasized, although he does not merely seek to reproduce Frye’s categories as a historiographic method. For the difference, see Frye, Northrop, Anatomy of Criticism. One similarity, of course, is the general disdain for determinism of any kind.” Hivnor, Mary. “The Perseus Myth as Defined by Calderón and Corneille.” Bulletin of the Comediantes 40, no. 2 (1988): 237–47. Sees Calderón as emploting the features of what Frye calls the quest romance. Ho, Chi-kwan, and Jian-ying Ma. “On Frye’s Integrative Cultural Criticism.” Journal of Langfang Teachers College 2 (2004). In Chinese.

conceived as facilitating a new order in the higher level of the plot.” Hodd, Thomas. “Creativity without Culture: Exposing the Mythical Fallacy in New Brunswick’s Quest for Self-Sufficiency.” Paper presented at the Second Annual Conference of the New Brunswick and Atlantic Studies Research and Development Centre, St. Thomas University, 9–10 May 2008. A critique, based on Frye’s archetypal theories, of New Brunswick’s Action Plan to Be Self-Sufficient. –  “Fearful DisSymmetry.” Canadian Literature 197 (Summer 2008): 136–7. Wonders whether or not Glen Robert Gill’s book on Frye and phenomenology “is more of an exercise in discipleship than scholarship.” Hódosy, Annamária. “Frye vs. Freud on Nationalism: Oedipus, Hamlet, Bánk Bán, and the ‘Mother-Centred Myth.’” In Northrop Frye 100: A Danubian Perspective, ed. Sára Tóth, Tibor Fabiny, János Kenyeres, and Péter Pásztor. Budapest: KGRE–L’Harmattan, 2014. 153–73. Frye’s notion of the “mythic grounding” of literature offers an alternative explanation of the familial master narrative of Hungarian patriotic poetry.

Ho, Roh Yong. “Northrop Frye’s Mythological Literary Theory: The Knight’s Tale and The Miller’s Tale.” Middle English and English Literature (Chung-Ang University) 1 (August 1992): 65–100. In Korean.

Hoeppner, Kenneth. “Frye’s Theory of Romance, Popular Romance and Atwood’s Lady Oracle.” ACLALS Bulletin [Bulletin of the Association for Commonwealth Literature and Language Studies] 8 (1989): 74–87. Notes approvingly Frye’s argument that romance is related to the “wandering of desire.”

Hoberman, J. “Yiddish Transit.” Film Comment 17, no. 4 (July–August 1981): 36–8, 80. The Yiddish film Two Sisters confounds the usual definitions of genre. Is it a domestic tragedy or a New Comedy, according to Frye’s definitions?

Hoff, Jan. “Obduktion av teori” [Autopsy of Theory]. Kulturtidskriften HORISONT 47, no. 1 (2000): 66–7. In Swedish. An “autopsy” of Frye’s theory of myth based on Ford Russell’s Northrop Frye on Myth: An Introduction.

Hobson, Christopher Z. The Chained Boy: Orc and Blake’s Idea of Revolution. Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press, 1999. An argument against Frye’s almost universally accepted view of Blake’s Orc cycle.

Hoffarth, Christian. “Wunschzeit’ Jerusalem: Rethinking the Distinction between Time and Space in Medieval Utopias.” In The Fascination with Unknown Time, ed. Sibylle Baumbach, Lena Henningsen, and Klaus Oschema. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan/ Springer, 2017. 43–69. Calls on Frye’s views of utopia and typology.

Hochman, Barbara. Character in Literature. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1985. 45, 76–7, 94–6, 124, 133, 162. Draws throughout on Frye’s conception of the archetypal forms of character in romance and comedy. Hockenhull-Smith, Marie. “Privacy and Impertinence: Talking about Servants in Austen.” Persuasions: The Jane Austen Journal On-Line 40, no. 2 (2020). Jane Austen “was . . . familiar with the genre that drew on the stock plot of ‘new comedy,’ involving a tricky servant who is, in Frye’s terms, the ‘architect of the comic action,’ furthering his master’s interests through his clever schemes. In its simplest form, the servant’s function is

Hoffman, Anne Golomb. “Inter-generational Portraits: Agnon, Shaked, Gender and Narrative.” Hebrew Studies 49 (2008): 307–16. “Yigal Schwartz, in a piece written after Gershon’s death, draws our attention to a kind of perspectivism that shaped Shaked’s criticism, when he uses Northrop Frye’s opposition between the alazon and the eiron to identify Gershon’s cultural position. (And of course in using Frye he refers to a critic whose work was important to Gershon.) The alazon’s place of

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privilege is marked by identity, whereas the position of the eiron is marginal and thus ironic. Gershon occupies both positions at once.” Hogan, Patrick Colm. The Mind and Its Stories: Narrative Universals and Human Emotion. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Hogan records his debt to Frye throughout, not so much to Frye’s theory of romantic tragiccomedy as to his general inductive approach “aimed at isolating recurring literary structures through empirical study of actual literary works.” –  “A Passion for Plot: Prolegomena to Affective Narratology.” symplokē 18, no. 1–2 (2010): 65–81. Explores possible theoretical underpinnings for affective narratology, including those of Aristotlianism, which takes two forms: the Chicago Neo-Aristotelians and Northrop Frye. Hogan’s description of both is confused. Holcombe, Colin John. Background to Critical Theory. Santiago, Chile: Ocasa Press, 2016. “Northrop Frye categorized literary genres as the product of man’s primordially mythic nature. . . . [his] Archetypal Criticism: Theory of Myths in his Anatomy of Criticism brought individual, apparently unrelated archetypal images into a hierarchical framework of myths which could be seen to organize the whole of literature.” –  “Overview: Myth Criticism.” http://www.textetc.com/ criticism/myth-criticism.html. An introduction to Frye’s archetypal approach. Holden, Andrew J. The Cyberpunk Educator. A documentary film that uses Frye’s literary structures to describe the common, repeating stories in Western culture, and how Cyberpunk can be defined and understood according to that analysis. See www. cyberpunkfilm.com. Holderness, Graham. “‘An Arabian in My Room’: Shakespeare and the Canon.” Critical Survey 26, no. 2 (Summer 2014): 73–89. “The canon is something that is periodically invented, contested and reinvented. It is invented typically by powerful cultural critics—T.S. Eliot, F.R. Leavis, Northrop Frye—who are not simply invoking a self-evident corpus of texts, but rather constructing or reconstructing a corpus that has been attacked, or has fallen into disarray, or perhaps has never existed in quite that form. Holland, Norman. The Dynamics of Literary Response. New York: Oxford University Press, 1968. 331–3 and passim. Looks briefly at Frye’s work in relation to various models for teaching literature. Contends that his analogical method, with its rich aura of allusion and

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association, can help in effecting a richer response to literature. Hollis, Hilda. “Beyond Aporia: Northrop Frye and ‘The Imaginative Limit of Desire.’” English Studies in Canada 24, no. 3 (September 1998): 321–37. “Although a generation of literary critics was strongly influenced by Northrop Frye, the advent of popular antiessentialism, most forcefully introduced by Jacques Derrida, has caused Frye’s work to be largely dismissed as an essentialist theory of archetypes. As such, it can have little to say about ethics to a community aware of difference. This assessment, however, does not adequately reflect Frye’s work. Much of it is contemporaneous with, and aware of, Derrida, and argues for an essentialism both simpler and more complex than that which Derrida sets up as his straw horse. Argument being a form Frye detested, he does not directly confront Derrida, but his work addresses issues raised by deconstruction. Frye’s archetypes, termed primary concerns in his later work, are based on common physical human needs rather than abstract philosophical ideas, and this framework enables a reading of literature that simultaneously recognizes identity and difference. Most importantly, since Frye’s theory allows for directionality even in the absence of boundaries, it offers a way beyond the divide between essentialism and absolute instability.” This essay is a major exposition of Frye’s late work. What follows is the author’s abstract: “Directionality is introduced as a term to express Northrop Frye’s concept of the movement in literary structure away from, or towards, fulfilled desires. His work does not suppose an absolute knowledge based on an external and fixed center, but rather discovers an archetypal structure emerging from common physical needs. Frye’s distinction between primary and secondary concerns, a line not absolutely fixed, enables a deconstruction of cultural constructs, but unlike a thoroughgoing Derridean-style deconstruction, which renders all political action arbitrary, it allows social criticism. Frye’s discussion of justice in Words with Power provides a counterpoint to Derrida’s ‘Force of Law.’” Hollister, Michael. “Spatial Cognition in Literature: Textcentered Contextualization.” Mosaic 28 (June 1995): 1–21. In arguing that many literary works are models of holistic thinking, draws on neurophysiological research, Frye’s “anatomy” of literary structures, and psychological theories about the nature of the unconscious. Holloway, John. “The Critical Zodiac of Northrop Frye.” Colours of Clarity: Essays on Contemporary Literature and Education. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1964. 153–60. Partially rpt. in Contemporary Literary

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Criticism, vol. 24, ed. Sharon R. Gunton. Detroit: Gale Research, 1983. 211–12. Sees Anatomy of Criticism more as a work of metaphysics than as a work of “scientific” critical theory. Looks at the logic of Frye’s arguments, concluding that the Anatomy is neither inductive nor deductive but a series of dogmatic assertions. The author is attracted, however, by the quality of Frye’s mind and the power of his radically new point of view. Suggests that the real life of Anatomy of Criticism is that it is “driving toward some hitherto neglected great thing,” which is the capacity of great literature to locate archetypes and create myths. Holmes, Brent. “Overcoming Kenophobia in The Tragically Hip’s ‘At the Hundredth Meridian.’” Liberated Arts: A Journal for Undergraduate Research 1, no. 1 (2015). Frye’s vision of Canadian literature is important in understanding the lyrics of the Ontario rock band Tragically Hip. Holsberry, Carmen W. “Secondary School Literature Curriculum Design: A Multifunctional Approach.” Clearing House 52 (March 1979): 313–17. Says that Frye’s literary theories are an application of Jerome Bruner’s notion of the spiral curriculum, and that this application can be used to good advantage in the school curriculum because it provides a contextual rather than a simply chronological foundation for literary study. Holtz, Evangeline. “Kicking Up the Dust: Generic Spectrality in Hiromi Goto’s Chorus of Mushrooms—An ‘Asian Canadian Prairie’ Novel?” Canadian Literature 232 (Spring 2017): 82–98. “Laurence Ricou’s Vertical Man/Horizontal World was one of the first regionalist studies of Canadian prairie literature. While the Canadian landscape was generally thought to incite fear in its inhabitants (read: ‘white’ settlers) through pervasive thematic tropes such as Northrop Frye’s ‘garrison mentality’ and Margaret Atwood’s ‘survival,’ Ricou viewed inhabitants of the Canadian prairies, gleaned through twentieth-century fiction that is set in and/or produced by white-settler ‘natives’ of the region, as ‘wishing to meet the challenge[s] of the land . . . by raising a crop or monument, by interpreting his experience in paint or words.’” Homberger, Eric. “Harold Bloom Obituary.” The Guardian (15 October 2019): 8. “Bloom emancipated himself from Eliot while an undergraduate at Cornell University, New York, through a reading of Northrop Frye’s study of Blake, Fearful Symmetry. In the work of Frye, Bloom discovered his ‘authentic precursor’: “It ravished my heart away. I thought it was the best book I ever read about anything. I must have read it a hundred times

between 1947 and 1950, probably intuitively memorized it, and will never escape the effect of it.” Homem, Rui Carvalho. “Postface.” Cahiers Élisabéthains: A Journal of English Renaissance Studies 90, no. 1 (2016): 151–4. “On the skepticism with which myth criticism of Frye’s variety, with its opposition between the mythical and the mimetic, has been greeted in our own time.” Hong, Shuhua. “On the Image of Cavern Fairyland and Its Psychoanalysis in the Zhi-guai Novels of Wei, Jin, the South and North Dynasties.” Journal of Shandong University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition) 2 (2005). In Chinese. Argues that the analysis of ancient Chinese literature can profit from Frye’s and Jung’s archetypal theory. Hopewell, James F. Congregation: Stories and Structures. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1987. A book influenced by the structuralist theories of Frye, especially his narrative mythoi. In proposing that religious congregations be considered from the point of view of ethnography, he spreads his ethnographic discoveries across Frye’s typology and argues that Protestant congregations fit one of Frye’s four patterns: charismatic negotiation (Frye’s romance), canonic negotiation (Frye’s tragedy), agnostic negotiation (Frye’s comedy), and empiric negotiation (Frye’s irony). The four categories become a template for describing the different approaches Protestants take to the spiritual life. Hopkins, Steven P. “‘I Walk Weeping in Pangs of a Mothers Torment for Her Children’: Women’s Laments in the Poetry and Prophecies of William Blake.” The Journal of Religious Ethics 37, no. 1 (March 2009): 39– 81. Notes Frye’s assessment of Blake’s representation of females and his view of the Orc cycle and The Four Zoas. Hopper, Stanley Romaine. “‘Le Cri de Merlin!’ or Interpretation and the Metalogical.” Anagogic Qualities of Literature (Yearbook of Comparative Criticism, vol. 4), ed. Joseph P. Strelka. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1971. 9–35 [27, 31, 35]. On Frye’s theory of anagogy. Horký, Adam. “Dějiny ve vlastní režii: Příběh dějin Karlovy univerzity v proměnách 20. Století” [One’s Own Version of History: The Story of the History of the Charles University and Its Development in the Course of the Twentieth Century]. Acta Universitatis Carolinae Historia Universitatis Carolinae Pragensis 2 (2015): 17– 80. In Czech. Uses Frye’s definition of “romance” and the “quest narrative” to tell his story of Charles University. Horner, Avril, and Sue Zslonik. “Comic Gothic.” In A New Companion to the Gothic. Chichester, UK: John Wiley &

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Sons, 2012. 321–34. Frye was famous for his comment that early Canadian literature was marked by a terror of nature. The Aboriginal perspective notwithstanding, Frye “was nevertheless perceptive in his account of the Gothic nature of first contact and subsequent settler experience.” Hornicke, Martina. “Northrop Frye: Myths as Narratives of Gods and Heroes.” In Intertextual Transitions in Contemporary Canadian Literature: Atwood, MacDonald, van Herk, ed. Melanie Schrage-Lang and Martina Hörnicke. Intro. Susanne Bach. Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag, 2013. 82–8. Hornsby, Stephen J. Review of The Strange and Dangerous Voyage of Captaine Thomas James: A Critical Edition. Journal of Historical Geography 53 (July 2016): 108. Horváth, Csaba. “Kettös tükrök—Tükörszerkezetek és biblikus olvasatok a kortárs magyar irodalomban (Esterházy: Harmonia Caelestis, Bodor Ádam: Sinistra körzet, Verhovina madarai) [Double Mirrors—Mirror Structures and Biblical Readings in Contemporary Hungarian Literature (Esterházy: Harmonia Caelestis, Adam Bodor: Sinistra District, Birds of the Verkhovina)]. In Northrop Frye 100: A Danubian Perspective, ed. Sára Tóth, Tibor Fabiny, János Kenyeres, and Péter Pásztor. Budapest: KGRE–L’Harmattan, 2014. 214–21. In Hungarian. Looks at the way that mirror structures intersect with the biblical tradition in works by Péter Esterházy and Ádám Bodor. Horváth, Tomáš. “Literárna veda a zákonitosti [Literary Science and Patterns] (Kapitolka z dejín vedy)[A Chapter in the History of Science]. Slovenská Literatúra 6 (2018): 419–46. In Slovak. “We analyze the methods of establishing patterns of repetition and schemes in selected literary scientific works: for instance in that by Northrop Frye the subject was repetition on the highest level—the whole literature seen as a specific system—to repetitions on lower levels of subsystems, where texts are grouped into particular classes, e.g. genres.” Hossain, Mohammad Zakir. “Towards a Green World: An Islamic Perspective.” International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review 9, no. 8 (2018): 20181–20193 On Frye’s green-world view of Shakespearean comedy. Hou, Tie-jun. “A Study of Northrop Frye’s Typological Thought.” Foreign Language Research 4 (April 2014): 142–6. “Frye’s typological thought is closely intertwined with the archetypal criticism and regarded as a mode of thought and of rhetoric. Although Frye’s understanding of typological thought has deviated from orthodox Christian exegetics and has led to the denial of the

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historicity of the Old Testament of Bible, it accords with his overarching view of criticism, has extended the interpretative scope of biblical typology, and provides a new perspective for interpreting Western literature, culture, and politics.” Hough, Graham. “A la Mode.” London Review of Books 6, no. 19 (18 October 1984): 26–7. Compares Alastair Fowler’s Kinds of Literature: An Introduction to the Theory of Genres and Modes to Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism. –  “Myth and Archetype II.” In An Essay on Criticism. New York: Norton, 1966. 148–56 and passim. An exposition and critique of the principles of Frye’s system. Summarizes the central terms of Frye’s critical language and indicates some of the powers and limitations of his overall method. Concludes that Anatomy of Criticism is not so much a treatise providing us with usable critical tools as it is a work of imaginative literature in its own right: “Frye has written his own compendious Golden Bough. . . . It is itself poetry.” Maintains, however, that the broad outlines of Frye’s theory, when properly understood, will become a part of our normal critical apparatus. House, Paul R. Review of Transformations in Biblical Literary Traditions: Incarnation, Narrative, and Ethics: Essays in Honor of David Lyle Jeffrey. Christian Scholar’s Review 44, no. 4 (2015): 423–5. Points to Gregory Maillet’s essay in this Festschrift which discusses the difference between Frye’s treatment of “the Bible as literature” and Jeffrey’s treatment of “the Bible and literature.” Maillet maintains that like Matthew Arnold, Frye treats the Bible as “literary mythology” that teaches “ethical lessons but not philosophical truth.” In contrast, Jeffrey claims, like T.S. Eliot, that the Bible has influenced English literature because it claims to be the authoritative word of God. Therefore, Jeffrey stresses the linguistic, historical, and theological foundations the Bible has provided authors. Houston, Andrew. “Slow Dance with Teacher: Innocence after Experience in Social Acupuncture.” Canadian Theatre Review 133 (2008): 102–6. Calls on Frye’s view that the relationship between the student and subject is more important than the relationship between the teacher and student. Houston, Beverle, and Marsha Kinder. Self and Cinema. Pleasantville, NY: Tedgrave Publishing, 1980. Use Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism as a conceptual framework for interpreting two films—El Topo, 2001 and Zardoz. Hovind, Jacob. “Samuel Beckett’s Invention of Nothing: Molloy, Literary History, and a Beckettian Theory of

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Character.” Partial Answers 16, no. 1 (January 2018): 65–87. “For many of Beckett’s best critics, from Hugh Kenner, Northrop Frye, and Ruby Cohn, to Richard Begam, Leslie Hill, Thomas Trezise, and Daniel Katz, Beckett’s central theme has been seen as the arduous process through which ‘the Unnamable seeks himself, and by extension the essence of selfhood’. . . . Readings of Beckett’s prose within the philosophical framework of the subject may be seen as a continuation of earlier landmark readings by Kenner and Frye, who read Beckett’s novels as a reversal of the Cartesian process.” Howard, Ben. “Fancy, Imagination, and Northrop Frye.” Thoth 9 (Winter 1968): 25–36. On Frye’s view of the imagination. Provides a summary of Frye’s theory of literature as a whole, arguing that the theory determines the concept of the imagination, rather than vice versa. Then compares Frye’s position with Coleridge’s, observing that Coleridge’s distinction between Imagination and Fancy has no place in Frye’s system because in this system no radically new forms are allowed. Howard, Darren. “The Search for a Method: A Rhetorical Reading of Blake’s Prophetic Symbolism.” European Romantic Review 17, no. 5 (2006): 559–74. “Since the mid-1970s, Blake criticism has come to a consensus that the method of reading Blake’s corpus as a unified and consistent allegory (especially with the humanist models provided by Percival, Damon, Frye, and Bloom, or the historical models of Bronowski, Schorer, and Erdman) is an erroneous approach, as allegorical reading tends to erase the parts we cannot schematize, and to distort the parts we can. . . . Before we dispense entirely with the kind of allegorical reading encouraged by Damon, Frye, and Bloom, however, we must acknowledge that Blake’s works do indeed contain many generic indications of allegory, including most obviously an anti-realist narrative that centers on characters with names that evoke abstractions.” Howard, Jean E. “The Difficulties of Closure: An Approach to the Problematic in Shakespearean Comedy.” In Comedy from Shakespeare to Sheridan: Change and Continuity in the English and European Tradition, ed. A.R. Braunmiller and James C. Bulman. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1986. 113–28. Maintains that an uncritical acceptance of Frye’s and C.L. Barber’s theories of comedy can blind one to the unresolved contradictions in Shakespeare’s plays. Offers a different reading of three comedies, based upon Iser’s theories of audience assimilation. –  Review of Critical Practice and Why Shakespeare? by Catherine Belsey. Shakespeare Studies 41 (2013):

193–209. “Why Shakespeare? is an odd and interesting undertaking. Its premise is that Shakespeare, perhaps the world’s most famous dramatist, used folktales as the foundation for many of his plays. As Belsey says: ‘the resemblances of the plays to fairy tales constitute the secret of both their familiarity and their adaptability.’ A variety of impulses motivate the book; the most important seems to be Belsey’s enduring argument that one should not read Shakespeare from modernity’s perspective, in this case, within the parameters of realist fiction we associate with the nineteenth century. Instead, focusing on the folktale origins of his work allows her to locate the plays’ power in their almost mythic connection to persistent fears, dreams, and anxieties. This is not an altogether new argument. Maynard Mack, Northrop Frye, and C.L. Barber, among others, all have explored Shakespeare’s relationship to the simplicities of myth, archetype, and festive practice, attempting to explain the enduring power of his plays by situating them in practices and beliefs of deep and widespread—if not of universal—cultural purchase.” Howard, Jeff. “Interpretative Quests in Theory and Pedagogy.” Digital Humanities Quarterly 1, no. 1 (Spring 2007). http://www.digitalhumanities.org/dhq/ vol/001/1/000002.html. On the quest and game theory, by way of Frye et al. Howell, Tracee L. “The Monstrous Alchemy of Alan Moore: Promethea as Literacy Narrative.” Studies in the Novel 47, no. 3 (2015): 381–98. “Annalisa Di Liddo’s Alan Moore: Comics as Performance, Fiction as Scalpel argues that Promethea is suggesting the same conception of imagination that Northrop Frye developed in his 1962 essay ‘The Imaginative and the Imaginary’—a force that can transform mankind because it can create ‘everything that we call culture and civilization.’ But the ‘maniac’s anxiousness’ and the innovative language the artist uses to regenerate culture in Frye’s belief correspond, in Moore’s view, to the hybrid nature of comics. Through Promethea, comics reassert not only the central power of imagination, but also their own capacity to become a means for representing contemporary culture.” Howell, Yvonne. “From ‘Sots-Romanticism’ to RomCom: The Strugatskiis’ Monday Begins on Saturday as a Film Comedy.” Science Fiction Film and Television 8, no. 2 (2015): 127–43. “Following the analyses of Northrop Frye, Hayden White and other theorists of Western narrative modes, we can define the romance as a structure that highlights the drama of self-realisation, including the hero’s triumph over evil and movement towards a brave new world. The structure of the

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

comedy highlights harmony between natural and social imperatives, so that the achieved reconciliation is always a cause for celebration.” Hoy, Peter. Review of Some British Romantics, ed. Frye et al. American Notes & Queries 7, no. 1 (September 1968): 16. Points to Frye’s over-systematic and over-schematic treatment of Blake in his essay “The Keys to the Gates.” Hrdlička, Josef. “Cullerova Teorie a problémy lyriky” [Culler’s Theory and the Problems of the Lyric]. Česká literatura 3 (2018): 423–37. Notes John Stuart Mill’s definition of the lyric poem and develops his own taxonomy of the lyric in opposition to Frye’s. Hrtánek, Petr. “Apokryfní přepisy fikčních světů: Trojí zpracování příběhu o babylonské věži v současné české próze” [Apocryphal Transcriptions of Fictional Worlds: Three Treatments of the Tower of Babel in Contemporary Czech Fiction]. Česká literatura 5 (2011): 713–25. In Czech. Hsu, Li-hsin. “Emily Dickinson’s Asian Consumption.” Emily Dickinson Journal 22, no. 2 (2013): 1–25. “Dickinson’s work and life have also been related to her Asian-influenced perspective and temperament. In Fables of Identity, Northrop Frye calls Dickinson’s ‘manner of existence’ ‘Oriental.’” Hu, Die. “Frye’s Theory of the Cycle of Myths.” Journal of Jiangsu Polytechnic University (Social Science Edition) 9, no. 1 (2008): 82–4. In Chinese. Hu, Jianwei. “On Frye’s View of the Autonomy of both Literature and Criticism.” Journal of the Jiangsu Institute of Education (Social Sciences) 2 (2006). In Chinese. Hu, Xiao-mei. “The Comparison of the Archetypal Narrative Structure in Eugene O’Neill’s Desire under the Elms and Cao Yu’s Thunderstorm.” Journal of Sichuan College of Education 2 (2009). In Chinese. Hua, Xiang. “The Central Significance of Imagination on Frye’s Thought.” Journal of Taishan University 30, no. 2 (2008): 41–4. In Chinese. –  “Imaginative Vision in Frye’s Thought.” Journal of Binzhou University 2 (2008). In Chinese. Argues that the core of Frye’s thought lies in the imaginative vision generated by the desire for identity and the complete disappearance of alienation. Huang, Alexander. “The Tragic and the Chinese Subject.” Stanford Journal of East Asian Affairs 3, no. 1 (Spring 2003): 55–68. Recurs to Frye’s theory of genre throughout.

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Hubo, Jorn. Presentation on MA Degree Research, inspired by Northrop Frye. GEMS Seminar, Ghent University, 18 April 2018. https://gemsugent.wordpress. com/2018/03/30/gems-seminar-ma-studentsinspired-by/. “The object of this study to problematize just exactly what sort of text the Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is. This generic exercise is especially relevant to Sir Gawain and the Green Knight since its author himself seems highly aware of the qualities and expectations certain kinds of texts, such as romances, bring with them, and he appears to use these expectations as strategies to construct an intelligent text that engages with its audience. This approach places my research squarely in the field of genre studies, a field which was not created but severely influenced by Canadian critic Northrop Frye. With Anatomy of Criticism, he was the first to construct a nuanced system for engaging with the concept of literary genre. While by today’s standard, Frye would be—and has been—criticised for being too prescriptive, his thoughts on genre still influence and inspire many researchers, amongst which myself. Therefore, I will try to shed light on what exactly it is that makes Frye’s approach to genre so seminal.” Hudson, Grant P. “Frye and the Modes of Fiction.” Clarendon House Publications (27 July 2016). http://www.clarendonhousebooks.com/singlepost/2016/07/27/Frye-and-Modes-of-Fiction. On Frye’s theory of modes as developed in the First Essay of Anatomy of Criticism. –  “Northrop Frye: An Order of Words.” Clarendon House Publications (12 February 2016). https://www. clarendonhousebooks.com/post/2016/02/12/northropfrye-an-order-of-words. On Frye’s conception of criticism. Hudson, Harriet E. “Toward a Theory of Popular Literature: The Case of the Middle English Romances.” Journal of Popular Culture 23, no. 3 (1989): 31–50. “Popular culture’s low context can be seen in statements such as Northrop Frye’s that popular literature is accessible with minimal formal training or education. This is not to say that only the minimally educated appreciate popular literature, but formal education does provide much of the high context for elite literature.” Huddleston, Andrew. “Hegel on Comedy: Theodicy, Social Criticism, and the ‘Supreme Task’ of Art.” British Journal of Aesthetics 54, no. 2 (2014): 227–40. Huebener, Paul. “Canadian Time: Reading the Politics of Time in Canadian Culture.” Timing Canada: The Shifting Politics of Time in Canadian Literary Culture.

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Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2015. “While many scholars and cultural figures have commented on the way that time appears to unfold in Canada, no single approach or statement seems capable of articulating the complexities of temporal experience in any place, let alone within a complex and fragile national collective. Northrop Frye, for instance, writing in the mid-twentieth century, resists ‘the parrotted cliché that this is a “new” country and that we must spend centuries cutting forests and building roads before we can enjoy the by-products of settled leisure.’ Huebener also notes: ‘The matter of Canada’s relative position in the world’s timeline is further complicated when we question the very linear notion of chronological time that permits any claim to newness or oldness, as Frye does when he compares Canadian literature with the traditional canon of English literature.’” –  “Metaphor and Madness as Postcolonial Sites in Novels by Jean Rhys and Tayeb Salih.” Mosaic: An Interdisciplinary Critical Journal 43, no. 4 (2010): 19–34. “The overlap between metaphor and madness becomes explicit for [Shoshana] Felman when she follows Michel Foucault’s portrayal of madness as a concept that, while historically ambivalent and resistant to interpretation, serves as ‘a metaphor indeed—of the radical metaphoricity which corrodes concepts in their essence.’ This echoes Northrop Frye’s view that ‘the metaphor, in its radical form, is a statement of identity: ‘this is that.’ In all our ordinary experience the metaphor is non-literal: nobody but a savage or a lunatic can take metaphor literally. Madness, in this sense, is metaphor taken to the extreme; if metaphor is the process of experiencing one kind of thing in terms of another, madness is what happens when the boundary between things disappears altogether, leaving no coherent ‘essences’ in place (the often-identified difficulty of locating essential or pre-metaphorical concepts speaks to the problem of distinguishing the metaphorical from the ‘literal.’” Hughes, Michael. “Effcient Knowledge Transfer.” Industrial Engineer 47, no. 12 (December 2015): 41–3. Notes Frye’s remark that, despite advances in technology, the book remains the most efficient machine there is. Hughes, Peter. “Literatur als Heilsgeschichte [Literature as Salvation History]: Northrop Frye.” Neue Zürcher Zeitung (22–23 June 1996): 34. In German. –  “Vico and Literary History.” Yale Italian Studies 1 (Winter 1977): 83–90 [85–6]. Compares Vico’s Scienza Nuova with Anatomy of Criticism. Both are “anatomies”

or visions of the world in terms of single intellectual patterns; both “democratize and liberate hierarchies of meaning and value”; both are fascinated “with changes from the hieratic to the demotic.” The two anatomies differ, however, in their treatment of myth, Vico’s being much more “intensely civil and political” in its treatment of texts. Hughes, William. “Genre.” In New Dictionary of the History of Ideas, vol. 3, ed. Maryanne Horowitz. Detroit: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2005. 912–18. Devotes a section to Frye’s definition of genre. Hughes-D’Aeth, Tony. “The Fissured Future: John Kinsella’s Jam Tree Gully.” English Academy Review: A Journal of English Studies 31, no. 2 (July 2014): 138–55. Hui, Andrew. “Spenser’s Moniment and the Allegory of Ruins.” In The Poetics of Ruins in Renaissance Literature. New York: Fordham University, Modern Language Initiative, 2016. Says that Frye belongs to “an earlier generation of Spenserians . . . who are particularly attuned to the English poet’s allegorical imagination and engagement with the mythopoeic strains of the classical tradition.” Huie, William O. “Buster Keaton and the Near-Miss Gag.” Journal of Film and Video 69, no. 4 (Winter 2017): 18–27. “Kathleen Rowe, in discussing romantic comedy in film, cites Northrop Frye’s analysis of the role of archetype and myth as the foundation for the death-and-rebirth motifs found in comedy and romance. She treats the renewal theme as one of the primary characteristics of comedy and credits Frye with the fundamental insight that ‘all narrative reworks a common story . . . of birth, death, and rebirth.” Frye’s insights inform her analysis of romantic comedies such as Moonstruck, in which she finds “the death-andrebirth pattern evident in the character development of the romantic couple. Rowe’s discussion of the central importance of the renewal motif in comedy illuminates Keaton’s comedy as well.” Hulan, Renée. “Blurred Visions: The Interdisciplinarity of Canadian Literary Criticism.” Essays on Canadian Writing 65 (Fall 1998): 38–55. On the interdisciplinary thrust in the criticism of Frye, among others. –  “Cultural Contexts for the Reception of Marilyn Dumont’s A Really Good Brown Girl.” Journal of Canadian Studies 35, no. 3 (Fall 2000): 73–96. A portion of the essay is devoted to Frye’s theory of Canadian culture as essentially nonpolitical and nonmaterial and therefore given to excluding Native Americans as a social force.

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

–  “Once and Future Golden Ages: Literary Nostalgia in Fin de Siècle Canada.” Essays on Canadian Writing 84 (Fall 2009): 283–306. –  “Who’s There?” Essays on Canadian Writing 71 (Fall 2000): 61–71. Examines the state of Canadian literature and literary criticism at the start of the 21st century, focusing on the influence of Frye’s question, “Where is here?” and how that question leads to a new one, “Who is there?” “Where” refers to geographical boundaries and national identity; “who” refers to the multiple literary voices speaking within those boundaries. Hulan, Renée, and Christl Verduyn. “Crossing the Cobequid: Meeting Places/Lieux de rencontre.” Journal of Canadian Studies 49, no. 2 (Spring 2015): 1–6. “Since the emergence of Canadian Studies in the 1960s, place has served as both a marker of identity and an object of study. Understanding Canada as a place and understanding place(s) within Canada have been integral to the development of Canadian Studies, from Northrop Frye’s inquiry ‘Where is here?’ in the Literary History of Canada, to the ‘situatedness’ Smaro Kamboureli considers ‘formative’ in Canadian literary culture.” Hulan, Shelly. “Once and Future Golden Ages: Literary Nostalgia in Fin de Siècle Canada.” Essays on Canadian Writing 84 (Fall 2009): 283–306. “While significant differences separate modernist and fin-de-siècle assessments of nostalgia in Canada, intellectuals from both periods associate longing for a lost past with the absolute. This essay examines Northrop Frye’s idea of nostalgia in relation to that of two late Victorians, the idealist philosopher John Watson and the writer Agnes Maule Machar, to suggest that the distinction between the two treatments of nostalgia lies in their authors’ disparate views of the absolute’s relationship to history.” (author’s abstract) Hulcoop, John F. “‘Look! Listen! Mark My Words!’ Paying Attention to Timothy Findley’s Fictions.” Canadian Literature 91 (Winter 1981): 22–47 [40–2]. Draws upon Frye’s views of style to characterize certain rhetorical features of Findley’s fictions. Hult, David F. “The Allegoresis of Everyday Life.” Yale French Studies 95 (1999): 212–34. Focuses on the role of allegoresis in the appreciation of modern works of literature and cinema. Explores the implications of Frye’s remark that “all commentary is allegorical interpretation.” Hume, Kathryn. Fantasy and Mimesis: Responses to Reality in Western Literature. New York: Methuen, 1984. 30, 57, 114, 150–9, 177. Uses Frye’s theories of myths and

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modes to develop a matrix for classifying the presence of fantasy in literary works. –  “Gothic versus Romantic: A Revaluation of the Gothic Novel.” PMLA 84, no. 2 (March 1969): 282–90. “We can view the Gothic novel as a manifestation of Northrop Frye’s age of growing ‘sensibility’ to aesthetic impressions. Like the work of Ossian, Smart, and Sterne, the Gothic novel is part of the new ‘literature of process’ which reflects its creator’s mind.” –  “Robert Coover: The Metaphysics of Bondage.” Modern Language Review 98, no. 4 (October 2003): 827–41. Contends that Frye’s “metaphoric, modal, and mythic patterns shed light on Coover’s repeated mob and scapegoat situations, the variation on displaced divinities, and on the lack of warmth and the indifference to both character development and plot.” Humphrey, Edith M. Review of The Revelation of John: A Narrative Commentary, by James L. Resseguie. Catholic Biblical Quarterly 72, no. 4 (2010): 838–9. “It is unfortunate that Resseguie has adopted the teaching of Northrop Frye (The Great Code: The Bible and Literature) on U-shaped comedy without also evincing Frye’s unbridled delight in ‘double-vision’ and imagination. And is it indeed the case that the overall structure of the Apocalypse is a U? More apt might be the check mark: the denouement of chaps. 21–22 brings us to something utterly beyond the ‘completion’ of the ‘messianic repairs of the cosmos.’ Frye himself exclaimed, even while presenting his scheme of each undulating U and trough, that at the end of Revelation, ‘we reach the antitype of antitypes.’” Humphrey, Richard. “Northrop Frye.” Metzler Lexikon Literatur und Kulturtheorie [Lexicon of the Theory of Literature and Culture]. Stuttgart: Metzler, 1998. 167–8. Biographical sketch. –  “Northrop Frye.” Lexikon teorie literatury a kultury. Brno: Host, 2006. 417–19. In Slovak. Humphries, Ralph. “Something Critical Is Mything: Identity and Intertext in Northrop Frye.” Colloquy: Texts, Theory, Critique 2 (Autumn 1998): 51–67. Situates Frye’s effort to develop a universal poetics in the debates about formalism and poststructuralism. Interrogates the complexities of such ideas in Frye’s project as displacement, identity, possession, and the imagination. Hung, Shuhua. “On the Image of Cavern Fairyland and Its Psychoanalytic Import in the Zhi-guai Novels of Wei and Jin.” Journal of Shandong University (Philosophy and Social Sciences edition) 2 (2005): 68–73. In Chinese. Uses the archetypal theories of Jung and Frye to provide

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a psychoanalytic interpretation of the cave imagery in the fiction of Wei and Jin. Hunt, Cherryl, David G. Horrell, and Christopher Southgate. “Environmental Mantra? Ecological Interest in Romans 8:19–23 and a Modest Proposal for Its Narrative Interpretation.” Journal of Theological Studies 59, no. 2 (October 2008): 546–79. “In terms of the narrative types outlined by Northrop Frye and developed theologically by James Hopewell [see above], in his study of the different kinds of stories congregations tell, we suggest that in the Pauline story of struggle and suffering leading to glory there is more than a hint of a romantic (for Hopewell a ‘charismatic’) genre.” Hunt, Lynn. Politics, Culture, and Class in the French Revolution. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984. Hunt’s focus on the political terms and symbols for the events of 1789 includes a discussion of the relevance of Frye’s work for historians concerned with revolutionary change. Hunt, Peter. “Irving Layton, Pseudo-Prophet—a Reappraisal.” Canadian Poetry: Studies, Documents, Reviews 1 (Fall–Winter 1977): 1–26 [16–21]. Compares the views of Frye and Layton on value, the social function of the artist, and Christianity, and finds them both wanting. Characterizes Frye as a positivist, Gnostic, Nietzschean secular humanist, and says he has no objective values to which to appeal. Hunter, Douglas. “Carlo.” Beardmore: The Viking Hoax That Rewrote History. Montreal and Kingston: McGillQueen’s University Press, 2018. “The editor of his [Charles T. Currelly’s] memoirs, the literary scholar Northrop Frye, recalled first hearing many of Currelly’s stories with colleagues as they regularly took lunch with him in the Senior Common Room of Victoria College. Hunter, G.K. “Northrop Frye’s ‘Green world’: Escapism and Transcendence.” In Shakespeare, Le Monde vert: Rites et Renouveau. Actes du Congrès de la Société Française Shakespeare 1994, ed. M.-T. Jones-Davies. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1995. 39–47. A detailed analysis and critique of Frye’s thesis about the “green world” of Shakespearean comedy. Hunter, Ian. “When No Man Was His Own.” New Oxford Review 83, no. 6 (July–August 2016): 32–6. On the theme of time in The Tempest: “The Tempest is a play haunted by time. As famed literary critic Northrop Frye pointed out, the Latin root tempestas can mean both time and a storm. The proverb that says that time and tide wait for no man operates in every scene. Prospero, acting through Ariel, controls the unfolding of events, but even Prospero cannot control time. Characters

are sometimes frozen, in midaction even, as time may be briefly suspended; but there is an impersonal remorselessness that drives the play to its denouement. The play takes about three hours to perform, and the action unfolds in that same time span; Alonzo comments on this, noting that Ferdinand and Miranda have known each other but three hours and yet will marry for life.” Hunter, J. Paul. “Novels and History and Northrop Frye.” Eighteenth-Century Studies 24 (Winter 1990–91): 225–41. Although Frye will be probably seen as the most significant literary theorist of the century, his way of reading literature, especially eighteenth-century literature and particularly the novel, is limited. His notion that novels are displaced forms of romances is not firmly grounded and the values of his literary universe (the shared convention, the structural, the mythic, the universal) leave little room for the historical particularity of the novel: “The novel as a species is messy, digressive, inclusive, circumstantial, temporal, and subjective. These are not honored characteristics in Frye’s scheme, his esthetic, or his moral and mythological universe.” Hurwitz, Gregg Andrew. “A Tempest, a Birth, and Death: Freud, Jung, and Shakespeare’s Pericles.” Sexuality & Culture 6, no. 3 (Summer 2002): 3–73. “Applies a Freudian psychoanalytic and Jungian archetypal narrative analysis to Shakespeare’s first and oftcriticized romance.” In the process turns often to Frye’s commentary on the play in A Natural Perspective. Hutcheon, Linda. “Eruptions of Postmodernity: The Postcolonial and the Ecological.” Essays on Canadian Writing 51–2 (Winter–Spring 1993): 146–54. Looks at Frye’s influence on the understanding of the concepts of provisionality, contingency, difference, and heterogeneity. –  “The Field Notes of a Public Critic.” Introduction to The Bush Garden: Essays on the Canadian Imagination. 2nd ed. Concord, ON: House of Anansi Press, 1995. vii–xx. A considered account of Frye’s writings on Canadian literature. “Frye had the gift of wearing his vast learning with a kind of grace and elegance that matches the lucidity and wit of its expression.” –  “Frye Recoded: Postmodernity and Its Conclusions.” In Lee and Denham, Legacy, 105–21. Rpt. in Northrop Frye’s Canadian Literary Criticism and Its Influence, ed. Branko Gorjup. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009. 233–50. Sees in Frye’s conclusions to the two editions of Literary History of Canada a tension between his modernist and humanist assumptions, on the one

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

hand, and his postmodern effort to study Canadian literature outside of the autonomous world of literature, on the other. Hutchings, Kevin D. Imagining Nature: Blake’s Environmental Politics. Montreal and Kingston: McGillQueen’s University Press, 2002. 37–8, 92, 134, 145, 159–6, 169. Draws on Frye’s Blake scholarship throughout. Huttunen, Miia. “UNESCO’s Humanity of Hope—The Orient Catalogue and the Story of the East.” Analele Universitatii Crestine Dimitrie Cantemir, Seria Stiintele Limbii, Literaturii si Didactica predarii 1 (2018): 81–103. “In what follows, the plots of the films as described in the catalogue are read with the help of Northrop Frye’s theory of literary criticism. His 1957 book Anatomy of Criticism offers four essays or pieces of theory attempting to distinguish categories of literature and keywords for literary criticism: modes, symbols, myths, and genres.” Hyman, Lawrence W. “Literature and Politics.” PMLA 100 (March 1985): 237–8. A letter to the editor questioning Frye’s understanding, in “Literary and Linguistic Scholarship in a Postliterate World,” of the relation between literature and the various forms of primary and secondary concern. Hyman believes Frye is mistaken in thinking that the study of literature can improve society. Argues that such improvement comes about only through political action, and that if we draw meaning from literature to support political positions we do not do justice to the literary experience. –  “Moral Attitudes and the Literary Experience.” Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 38 (Winter 1979): 159–65. Argues against the separation of moral values and literary experience, using Frye as an example of the amoral interpreter of literature. Cites Frye’s views on centripetal meaning in Anatomy of Criticism and his arguments in A Natural Perspective about the separation of literature from life as typical of the modern emphasis on literary autonomy. Hyslop-Margison, Emery James. “Seeing the World through Rose-Coloured Glasses: Northrop Frye and the Educated Imagination.” Paper presented at the 6th International Conference of the Imagination in Education Research Group. University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia, 29–31 January 2008. “Although the imagination is often portrayed as a necessary good in educational discourse, the distortion of authentic experience and perception, with and in the world, may generate various deleterious outcomes. In response to this concern, this paper examines the potentially negative impact of the educated imagination on both

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our collective human experience and on our relationship with nature.” I Ianes, Raúl. “Arquetipo narrativo, costumbrismo histórico y discurso nacionalizador en La novia del hereje” [Narrative Archetype, Historical Customs and Nationalizing Discourse in The Bride of the Heretic]. Hispanic Review 67, no. 2 (Spring 1999): 153–73. In Spanish. Glances at Frye’s theory of romance in The Secular Scripture in this study of Vicente Fidel López’s La novia del hereje la Inquisición de Lima. Ikeda, Eiichi. “Gendai no shigaku daizen. General Information: Northrop Frye, Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays (1957).” Eigo Seinen/Rising Generation 48, no. 12 (March 2003): 766–7. In Japanese. İlgürel, Mehmet. “Edebiyatta İmgesel Yapısalcı Mitos Çözümlemesinin Ana Hatları ve Arjantin Edebiyatından Bir Örnekleme” [Outlines of Figurative Structuralist Myth Analysis in Literature and an Example from Argentinian Literature]. Dil Dergisi 169 (2018): 111–42. In Turkish. Frye’s work is examined alongside that of other mythographers: Mircea Eliade, Claude LéviStrauss, Pierre Brunel, and Georges Dumézil. Iliadis, Andrew. Review of Media Effects Research: A Basic Overview, 4th ed., by Glenn G. Sparks. Canadian Journal of Communication 40, no. 3 (2015): 566–8. Says that the book might have devoted subsections to the other members of the so-called Toronto School of Communication, including Frye. Illán, Martínez. “Don Quijote en el cine soviético: Kozintsev y Kurchevski” [Don Quixote in the Soviet cinema: Kozintsev and Kurchevski]. Rea Abierta 27 (November 2010): 1–20. In Spanish. “Don Quixote has been the foreign myth that has had most influence over Russian literature and culture. The BuketoffTurkevich, Bagno or Monforte’s studies have focused on the influence over Russian and Soviet literature, but no approaches have been offered by film studies. This article studies how the quixotic archetype has developed in Soviet cinema. The study makes use of two representative films: Don Quixote/Don Kijot/ (Kozinstev, 1957) and Liberated don Quixote/ Osvobozdennyj Don Kijot (Kurchevski, 1987). The aim of this article is to probe, through film analysis, how the figure of Don Quixote changes in soviet archetypal imagery and these representations become new stages in vision the soviet identification with this myth. . . . Northop Frye raises to what extent the ironic parody distinguishes the Cervantes novel from parody

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demoniac [demonic parody] because of the innocence of the character in his experience of the world.” Imboden, Roberta. “On the Road with Tomson Highway’s Blues Harmonica in Dry Lips Oughta Move to Kapuskasing.” Canadian Literature 144 (Spring 1995): 113–24. Analyses Highway’s play from the perspectives of Frye and Jacques Derrida, arguing that the use of Frye reveals an exodus that moves from the bondage of misery to freedom, whereas the use of Derrida will lead the characters, as well as the reader/audience, on a journey from the present moment of this misery back in time, and beyond time, towards the origins that allow such an exodus to take place. Inchausti, Robert. “Northrop Frye: The Return of ‘Reverse Causation.’” In Subversive Orthodoxy: Outlaws, Revolutionaries, and Other Christians in Disguise. Grand Rapids, MI: Brazos Press, 2005. 144–51. An explication of some of Frye’s religious views. –  “The Orthodox Avant-Garde” [interview with Rob Moll]. Christianity Today (25 July 2005). “. . . I think Northrop Frye is another one who was understood too quickly, or misunderstood. Literary studies over the past 20 years has been struggling with a lot of competing materialisms. Frye had offered in the early 60s a radical mystic contemplative vision of the literary studies, which doomed him to obsolescence in 1963. But now that practices like lectio divina and those contemplative ways of reading are being rediscovered, you look back at Northrop Frye, and he’s the guy who provides the most interesting ideas and paradigms. But I think such a recovery is going to have to be done by religious folk. Because if you try secularizing his categories, they just don’t work. It’s only through religious eyes that Frye’s literary cosmology makes sense, in the same way that Lord of the Rings has a deeper meaning to those who see its Christian themes. In Frye’s letters and journals and also his sermons, because he was a pastor, you get to see the full Christian dimension of his thinking. He discussed how to read prophetically, how to read contemplatively. These were issues that Frye addressed that the last twenty to twenty-five years of literary criticism just ignored. I think what’s going to happen in about 10 years is they’re going to rediscover the language in which Frye was writing and learn he was trying to teach us how to read in a way that deepened our inner lives, not just increased our intellectual sophistication.” Inder, John. “Other People’s Myths: Interpretation and Difference.” International Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Society 7, no. 3 (2017): 1–14. “Pure myth, or the ideal type, is a fantastic story in an aural tradition,

but many texts are close enough to this tradition to be received as myth. Myths are symbolic stories of identity and transition created by humans in a cultural context and upheld by that culture. This definition [as Frye explains in Words with Power] allows myth to fulfill a basic ideological function of informing a society about things all members should know, but it is not meant to reduce the possibilities of myth to such a limited function.” Indraccolo, Lisa. “What Is ‘Rhetoric’ Anyway? Briared in Words in Early China.” Asiatische Studien/Études Asiatiques 68, no. 1 (2014): 331–41. “Explores the applicability of the term ‘rhetoric’ in a non-Western context and, in particular, the legitimacy of such an attempt in the case of Early China, where the Warring States period is traditionally considered as the golden age of early Chinese ‘rhetoric.’” “The Influence of Northrop Frye on Korean Literary Criticism.” Journal of Korean Literature Review 35 (2003): 321–47. Inglis, Fred. “Professor Northrop Frye and the Academic Study of Literature.” Centennial Review 9 (Summer 1965): 319–31. An analysis of two essays by Frye, “The Archetypes of Literature” and “Nature and Homer,” which embody certain ideas of literary scholarship that are “misdirecting our attention.” Attacks the “system” of Frye’s criticism, maintaining that it loses touch with literature and offers no help in understanding. Also objects to Frye’s position on value judgments, proposing instead that the study of literature would be better off if it followed the lead of a critic like Leavis. Inglis, Stuart, and Christopher Weber. “Northrop Frye.” In Impulse. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2005. An interview, which originally appeared in Impulse 15, no. 3 (1989): 76–90. Rpt. in Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 24, 904–9. Inizan, Yvon. “L’unité de la ‘vaste sphère poétique” [The Unity of the ‘Vast Poetic Sphere’]. Ricoeur Studies/ Etudes Ricoeuriennes 7, no. 2 (2016): 111–23. In French. “Is there, in the work of Paul Ricœur, as has been said, a form of dissymmetry between the field of metaphor and that of narrative? From The Rule of Metaphor, the reference to Northrop Frye and to Nelson Goodman will make it possible to fully grasp the unity of the poetic sphere. The Rule of Metaphor and Time and Narrative are then presented as twin works.” (from the author’s abstract) Innocenti, Loretta. “Frye, critica litteraria.” Alphabeta 100 (September 1987). In Italian.

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Ioannou, Maria, David Canter, and Donna Youngs. “Criminal Narrative Experience: Relating Emotions to Offence Narrative Roles during Crime Commission.” International Journal of Offender Therapy & Comparative Criminology 61, no. 14 (October 2017): 1531–53. “A neglected area of research within criminality has been that of the experience of the offence for the offender. The present study investigates the emotions and narrative roles that are experienced by an offender while committing a broad range of crimes and proposes a model of criminal narrative experience (CNE). Hypotheses were derived from the circumplex of emotions, Frye, narrative theory, and its link with investigative psychology.” (from author’s abstract) Ionescu, Ana-Maria. “Computational Linguistics and Pragmatics in Specialised Translation.” Limba și literature—repere identitare în context european 19 (2016): 267–70. Ireton, Sean. Review of Nietzsche’s Last Laugh: Ecce Homo as Satire, by Nicholas D. More. German Studies Review 40, no. 2 (May 2017): 426–8. “Hardcore literary theorists and historians may find fault with More’s brief if not brusque chapter on the genre-specific aspects of satire. Here the author reviews a handful of norms and criteria proposed by diverse scholars (most notably Northrop Frye and Mikhail Bakhtin) in order to provide an at least preliminary outline of the rhetorical tropes, narrative strategies, and other generic conventions that typify satire—in contradistinction, for instance, to parody, irony, and comedy.” Irvine, Dean. “Modernisms in English Canada.” In Oxford Handbook of Modernisms, ed. Peter Brooker, Andrzej Gąsiorek, Deborah Longworth, and Andrew Thacker. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2010. “Toronto in the 1940s and 1950s witnessed the emergence of what Northrop Frye calls a ‘great mythopoeic age.’ Contemporary with the publication of Frye’s Fearful Symmetry: A Study of William Blake (1947) and Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays (1957), a group of late modernist mythopoeic poets surfaced in Toronto, including Margaret Atwood, Margaret Avison, Douglas Le Pan, Daryl Hine, Jay Macpherson, Gwendolyn MacEwen, Eli Mandel, James Reaney, Anne Wilkinson, and Wilfred Watson.” Irving, Allan. “The Modern/Postmodern Divide and Urban Planning.” University of Toronto Quarterly 62, no. 4 (Summer 1993): 474–87. “A society forged from individualism and instrumental reason entails a certain loss of freedom; urban planning, for example, has designed cities around the private automobile rather than well-developed public transportation,

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making a life-style free of dependence on the car a difficult alternative to maintain. The connection of these tendencies to the humanities and urban planning is elegantly described by Northrop Frye [in The Modern Century].” Isaacson, Emily Ruth. “Indulgent Masters and Sleights of Hand: Servants and Apprentices in City Comedy.” Ben Jonson Journal 22, no. 1 (2015): 62–82. “The tendency of recent criticism, frequently inflected by New Historicism and Cultural Materialism, has divorced the classical influences of the plays from the sociological interpretations. I suggest, instead, that the two actually work together, and that the servant role is distinct among most of the character types outlined by critics like Gibbons and Leinwand. The servants of these plays often fit the New Roman Comedy tradition of the dolosus servus or ‘tricky servant,’ a classical form defined by Northrop Frye as the character who helps the hero figure achieve a victory. Unlike most other genres of the era where servants typically play minor roles, the servants in the city comedies remain central to the plots or are sometimes even heroes.” Isailović, Tanja. “Život i smrt-stvarnost i snoviđenja balkanski diskurs branka miljkovića vs anglofonog diskursa američkog juga Tenesi Vilijamsa” [Life and Death—Reality and Dream—Plays: The Balkan Discourse of Branko Miljkovic vs. the Anglophone Discourse of Tennessee Williams]. American South: Univerzitetska misao 13, no. 3 (2014): 127–39. In Croatian. In Anatomy of Criticism Frye discovers a new poetics with its framework of archetypal criticism arising from the world of desire. Isufaj, Viola. “Takimi me muzikën në poezinë e Zorbës” [Musical Relations in the Poetry of Zef Zorba]. Seminari Ndërkombëtar për Gjuhën, Letërsinë dhe Kulturën Shqiptare 35 (2017): 731–40. In Albanian. Relies on what Frye says about musical poetry in his theory of genres. Ito, John Paul. “Spiritual Narratives in Beethoven’s Quartet, Op. 132.” Journal of Musicology 30, no. 3 (2013): 330–68. “Byron Almén, drawing on James Jakób Liszka and Northrop Frye, has developed a theory of narrative in music that helpfully illuminates the interpretation of Beethoven’s Heiliger Dankgesang being developed here. Following Liszka, Almén understands narrative in terms of the outcome of a conflict between a transgression and an order-imposing hierarchy, and he uses Frye’s four narrative archetypes (romance, tragedy, irony, and comedy) to represent four possible scenarios based on two variables: 1) whether the primary focus is

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the transgression or the hierarchy; and 2) whether the conflict ends in victory or defeat.” Ittenson, Mark. “Romanticism and the Beyond of Language: Northrop Frye and the Wordsworthian Imitation of the Point of Epiphany.” In Educating the Imagination: Northrop Frye Past, Present, and Future, ed. Alan Bewell, Neil Ten Kortenaar, and Germaine Warkentin. Montreal and Kingston: McGillQueen’s University Press, 2015. 147–63. Provides a detailed discussion of the similarities between William Wordsworth’s and Frye’s understanding of literary epiphanies. . . . Ittenson distinguishes between religious and literary epiphanies, arguing that the latter constitute a highly self-conscious expression of linguistic inadequacy in the gap between the experience of the epiphany and its expression.” (editors’ abstract) Ivancu, Ovidiu. “From Vlad Țepeş to Count Dracula: A Challenging Relation between History and Myth.” Incursiuni în imaginar 10 (2019): 47–57. “Northrop Frye considers that the myth provides literature with patterns, structures. Any research on myth has to incorporate literary texts, but cannot be based exclusively on them. The historical myths, and this is the case with Dracula, have at least two other strong components which are to be analysed in order to understand the appearance of such a myth, its function and its evolution. These two components are the historical context and, as it was already stated, the role the myth plays in the collective mentality of those who are responsible for creating it in its actual shape (in our case, the Romanian collective mentality).” Ivanković, Katica. “Veoma mogući fikcionalni svjetovi: Teorija Lubomíra Doležela i njezino “testiranje Kunderom” [Strikingly Possible Fictional Worlds: Can Lubomír Doležel’s Theory Pass the Test of Kundera’s Literary Texts?]. Umjetnost riječi 3–4 (2011): 115–37. In Bosnian. Examines Hayden White’s four modes of historical writing and their origin in Frye’s theory of modes in the First Essay of Anatomy of Criticism. Ivanov, Andrea. “Doing Penance in the Old West: ‘Sisters’ as Andre Dubus’s Final Word on Suffering Rape.” Renascence: Essays on Values in Literature 60, no. 3 (2008): 251–69. “In Northrop Frye’s formulation of comedy as completed tragedy and tragedy as unfinished comedy (“The Argument of Comedy”), ‘Sisters’ is the completed version of ‘The Curse,’ and consequently, his generically comedic answer to the tragedy of rape.” Ivanova, Mina. “The Bulgarian Monument to the Soviet Army: Visual Burlesque, Epic, and the Emergence of Comic Subjectivity.” Quarterly Journal of Speech

100, no. 3 (July 2014): 273–302. “Drawing on the psychoanalytical theory of Jacques Lacan, rhetorical scholars can delineate between subversive and conservative comedy—conceived not in terms of genre but as modes of subjectivity articulation that produce perspectival shifts within a given symbolic configuration—in ways that allow us to theorize, and to possibly map, the production of an active critical subject. I analyze two visual political interventions—a graffiti artwork and a 3D animated projection—onto the façade of the contested Monument to the Soviet Army in Sofia, Bulgaria. The interventions’ rhetorical potential hinges on the dialogic deployment of subversive and conservative burlesque and of the epic.” (from author’s abstract) Ivanovici, Fabian. “‘Altogether such a one as thyself’: Art and Religion in Robert Browning’s Dramatic Monologues.” HyperCultura 7 (2018): 1–12. With reference to The Tempest, “Northrop Frye contrasts Caliban’s nature with that of Antonio and Sebastian, noting that it ‘manifests itself more as an instinctive propensity to evil,’ which is another way of saying that although he may be exposed to human values, he can only be that which it is, wild and vicious. What is meant by humanity in both of these sources is learned or acquired humanity, which Caliban forcefully forswears, constantly seeking to topple Prospero and regain authority over the isle which he claims is his birthright.” Izadi, Gholam Ali. “Heroic Legends and Epic.” Journal of History Culture and Art Research 6, no. 1 (2017): 602–16. On epic and romance. “Romance . . . revolves around the battle between good and evil by being under the influence of epic. Northrop Frye analyzes this issue in terms of artistic and social approaches. He claimed that a ‘human being lives in two worlds: natural world and the world of art. Man strives to create the world according to artistic world. Central to this attitude in romance is the polarization of worlds: a desirable and the undesirable world.’ His social analysis of romance is as follows: romance is a colloquial, social form including a revolutionary quality. The battle between two poles in battlefields represents that one pole is pleasant and another one is odious. The hero’s action on the battlefield is social-revolutionary.” Izubuchi, Hiroshi. “Anatomy of Criticism and Its Environs.” Eigo bungaku sekai [The English Literary World] 11 (February 1969): 2–6. In Japanese. –  “Beyond Mytho-Archetypal Criticism: The Case of Northrop Frye.” Eigo seinen [The Rising Generation] 117 (October 1971): 44–6. In Japanese. Places Frye’s thought and method in the context of various “structural” ways

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

of looking at intellectual phenomena, such as those of Frazer, Jung, and Japanese folklore theorists (Yanagita Kunio, Origuchi Shinobu). Considers Frye’s theory to be similar to a mathematical theory of functions—one that can predict future types or genres—and sees his method as basically post- or de-mythological. Hopes that in the future Oriental literature can be included in a more comprehensive literary theory. J J., D. “Northrop Frye.” Everything blog. https://everything2. com/title/Northrop+Frye. Biographical sketch.

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–  “Raising the Unread.” Those Who Write for Immortality: Romantic Reputations and the Dream of Lasting Fame. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2015. 167–216. Notes the important place Frye holds in Blake studies, “interpreting the whole body of his writings within the context of worldwide traditions of visionary thinking” and invoking comparative mythology in Blake’s support, “describing the ‘effort of vision’ that led Blake to a ‘conception of art as creation designed to destroy the Creation,’ and comparing his effort to that of ‘Zen Buddhism, which with its paradoxical humor and its intimate relationship to the arts is startlingly close to Blake.’”

Jabb, Lama, et al. “The Consciousness of the Past in the Creativity of the Present: Modern Tibetan Literature and Social Change.” International Journal of Asian Studies 8, no. 1 (2011): 89–95. “Most of the Tibetan poet Sangdhor’s many innovative poems are written in an eclectic style drawing on Tibet’s rich literary tradition, Buddhist texts, oral sources and contemporary writings. Their content is equally diverse yet most of all current. It is infused with social and religious criticism, themes of romance and eroticism, critical literary commentary and current Tibetan affairs. His poems, like those of many other writers, show that metered poetry is very much a part of modern Tibetan literature. As he draws on classical literature and indigenous oral traditions for his own literary innovation, to borrow a concept from Northrop Frye, in Sangdhor’s work we can ‘see an enormous number of converging patterns of significance’ that is a complication of Tibetan literary formulas stretching to the narratives of the distant past.”

Jackson, Jeanne Marie, and Nathan Suhr-Sytsma. “Introduction: Religion, Secularity and African Writing.” Research in African Literatures 48, no. 2 (Summer 2017): vii–xvi. “Edward Said pitched his ‘secular criticism,’ of course, against the ‘religious criticism’ of Harold Bloom, Northrop Frye, and René Girard, among others, whose writings Said rejected as both too committed to systems of belief and not committed enough to political action.”

Jackel, David. “Northrop Frye and the Continentalist Tradition.” Dalhousie Review 56 (Summer 1976): 221–39. Examines four main features of Frye’s Canadian criticism: his interest in universals rather than particulars, his preference for the persuasive metaphor rather than the logical argument, his separation of Canadian writers from the European tradition, and his insistence on the conditioning effect of the environment on the imagination. Then argues that these features do not sufficiently account for the Canadian literary tradition.

Jackson, Paul. “Life of Pi: Imagination, Belief, and the Literary Theories of Northrop Frye.” http://web.ncf.ca/ ck762/essays/ACS100_essay_two.pdf. Applies Frye’s view of literature in The Educated Imagination to Yann Martel’s The Life of Pi.

Jackson, H.J. Marginalia: Readers Writing in Books. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002. “Examples of marginalia are taken from books owned by British, American, and Canadian writers from the seventeenth century to the twentieth, ranging from Milton through Coleridge and Keats to T.S. Eliot and Virginia Woolf, with special prominence given to Northrop Frye, Walt Whitman, John Adams, Hester Piozzi, and William Beckford.” (publishers abstract)

Jackson, Noel. “The Time of Beauty.” Studies in Romanticism 50, no. 2 (2011): 311–34. “Northrop Frye remarks of Endymion that ‘The poem is devoted to the theme of realizing beauty, making it true by creating it.’ I think it more accurate to say that Endymion—which admits doubts concerning the reality of the hero’s vision, but under no circumstances the authority or truth of beauty itself—is devoted to making the minimal event or ‘bare circumstance’ achieve temporal duration in the present.”

Jackson, Shannon. Professing Performance: Theatre in the Academy from Philology to Performance. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Frye developed an elaborate system of categories in which to place each instance of literary production. His taxonomies were a mid-century equivalent of the genus/species laboratories of literary philology. It differed however in that it expelled any history other than literary history: literary works were made out of other literary works, not out of any material external to the literary system itself. His genre criticism thus had the satisfying character of scientific and historical paradigms, while, at the same time, severely limiting the content and character of history it brought to bear.

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Jackson, Thomas. “As virtudes da atenção [The Virtues of Attention]: ‘The corn harvest,’ de William Carlos Williams.” Ilha do Desterro 22 (30 April 2008): 57–71. In Portuguese. Includes a critique of Frye’s contention that literary criticism can become scientific. Jackson, Virginia. “American Romanticism, Again.” Studies in Romanticism 55, no. 3 (Fall 2016): 319– 46. “When [the] founders of the history of ideas and of modern comparative literary study talked about Romanticism, it is safe to assume that they meant European Romanticism, and when AngloAmerican literary critics today continue to talk about Romanticism—or when the upper case noun becomes a lower case adjective (as in, ‘the romantic novel,’ or, most often, ‘romantic poetry’), or even when it is shortened to Northrop Frye’s stenographer’s shorthand, ‘Rcsm,’ which as Anahid Nersessian has recently reminded us, was Frye’s unpublished vision of a Romanticism neither too capacious nor too normative, ‘a low adjustment utopia’—it is safe to assume that the term refers to the history of ideas that stretched from mid-eighteenthand nineteenth-century German idealism through late eighteenth- and nineteenth-century European national revolutions (especially the French) and that found a literary home in British poetics.” Jackson, Virginia, and Yopie Prins, eds. The Lyric Theory Reader: A Critical Anthology. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014. Nine of the contributors to this volume refer to Frye’s theory of the lyric as developed in Essay Four of Anatomy of Criticism. Jacobs, Alan. “The Values of Literary Study: Deconstruction and Other Developments.” Christian Scholar’s Review 16, no. 4 (July 1987): 373–83. Jacobs, Ronald N., and Philip Smith. “Romance, Irony, and Solidarity.” Sociological Theory 15, no. 1 (1997): 60–80. “This article proposes a model of solidarity based on the two genres of Romance and Irony, and argues that these narrative forms offer useful vocabularies for organizing public discourse within and between civil society and its constituent communities. Whilst unable to sustain fullyinclusive and solidaristic political cultures on their own, in combination the genres of Romance and Irony allow for solidaristic forms built around tolerance, reflexivity, and intersubjectivity.” Jacobs, Timothy. “American Touchstone: The Idea of Order in Gerard Manley Hopkins and David Foster Wallace.” Comparative Literature Studies 38, no. 2 (2001): 215–31. Argues that the work of Wallace and Hopkins symbolically transforms the mythos of their literature into what Frye calls a “myth to live by,” one

in which literature bridges existential loneliness and American “lostness.” Jacobsen, Ken. “Prophetic Hermeneutics: Northrop Frye’s Imaginative Literalism.” Paper presented at the meeting of the Christianity and Literature Study Group of the Association of Canadian College and University Teachers of English, Concordia University, Montreal, 29 May 2010. Jacobson, Wendy S. “The Muddle and the Star: Hard Times.” The Dickensian 103, no. 472 (Summer 2007): 144–56. “Sympathetic with my purpose is Northrop Frye’s confession that he is intrigued by the tantalising refusal of Dickens’s novels to be identified either as romance or as realist because they are fairy tales with plots that offer themselves as portraits of the real. The— often implausible—plots come about because of ‘the author’s wish to tell us something besides the story.’ Frye describes Hard Times as a ‘dystopia,’ arguing that ‘Dickens sees in the cult of facts and statistics a threat’ to the unfettered imagination, the mind that can respond to fairy tales and fantasy and understand their relevance to reality.’” Jae, Seok Choi. “Literature and Modern Theology.” Literature and Religion 3 (1998): 1–218. On the tangled history of the relationship between literature and religion. “At the end of the present century, literary critical approaches to the Bible are so lively that it is almost impossible to interpret the Bible without literary criticism. Literary critics—Frank Kermode and Northrop Frye—wrote books on the Bible, contributing to hermeneutics, Biblical interpretation, and modern theology. Their contribution to theology could not have been imagined before the middle of the 20th century.” Jakubowska, Joanna. “Contribution biblio-chronologique à l’étude de la représentation de la littérature canadienne dans la revue polonaise ‘Literatura na Świecie (1971– 2017)’” [Biblio-chronological Contribution to the Study of the Representation in the Polish Journal Literatura na Świecie (1971–2017)]. Między Oryginałem a Przekładem 45 (2019): 55–76. In French. Skrzetelski summarizes in detail the article of the Canadian scholar Northrop Frye on the building blocks of poetry. Also Frye’s reflections on the comic and tragic deriving from the themes of the loneliness and humiliation reflected by the distorting mirror of satire. James, Aaron B. Review of Greening Paul: Rereading the Apostle in a Time of Ecological Crisis, by David G. Horrell, Cherryl Hunt, and Christopher Southgate. Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 55, no. 1 (2012): 190–3. In chapter 3 the authors “argue for

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

a narrative hermeneutical lens for approaching Paul in light of ecological concerns.” After surveying the turn to narrative in biblical and theological studies, and then specifically as the turn has been applied to Pauline studies, they engage the work of Northrop Frye and James F. Hopewell to outline narrative types that will inform their reading of Paul. In particular, they seek to trace the narrative sub-structure of the Pauline corpus with respect to “the past, present, and future of creation.” James, Heather. “Classical Genres: Epic, Tragedy, Comedy, Satire.” In The Cambridge Guide to the Worlds of Shakespeare, ed. Bruce R. Smith and Katherine Rowe. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2016. On Frye’s theories of genre. James, William Clossen. “Dimorphs and Cobblers: Ways of Being Religious in Canada.” Studies in Religion/ Sciences Religieuses 28, no. 3 (2016): 275–91. “Northrop Frye used to tell a story from Stephen Leacock about the Presbyterian minister who also taught ethics in a college. The simple strategy used to manage these different roles was, as teacher, giving the students three parts Hegel and two parts St. Paul, whereas on Sundays, as minister and for his parishioners, he reversed the dose and gave them three parts St. Paul and two parts Hegel. Frye says this story reflects a time when the major cultural force in Canada was religious; it was a time when no great degree of separation was required to manage roles that today we would think of as being rather different. When Frye related this joke at Queen’s University in the early 1980s, he commented that it was typically Canadian, explaining that its account of the relation of religion to culture would only be intelligible within Canada.” Jameson, Fredric. “Criticism in History.” In Weapons of Civilization, ed. Norman Rudich. Palo Alto, CA: Ramparts, 1976. 38–40. Argues that despite Frye’s use of the Freudian concept of displacement, the driving force behind his critical system is the idea of historical identity: his identification of myth patterns in modern texts aims at reinforcing our sense of the affinity between the cultural present of capitalism and the distant mythical past of tribal societies, and at awakening our sense of the continuity between our psychic life and that of primitive peoples. Ideology, therefore, leaves its mark on Frye’s myth criticism, because it proposes an unbroken continuity between the social relations and narrative forms of primitive society and the cultural objects of our own. –  “Magical Narratives: Romance as Genre.” New Literary History 7 (Autumn 1975): 135–63 [138–42, 153–7]. Rev. version rpt. in Jameson, The Political Unconscious:

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Narrative as a Socially Symbolic Act. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1981. 103–50. On Frye’s theory of romance as wish-fulfilment or utopian fancy. Jameson is sceptical of “the importance assigned to the hero in Frye’s account of the romance paradigm” and believes that this account needs to be complemented by historical understanding. –  “On Interpretation: Literature as a Socially Symbolic Act.” In The Political Unconscious: Narrative as a Socially Symbolic Act. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1981. 17–102 [68–75]. Sees Frye’s greatness “in his willingness to raise the issue of community and to draw basic, essentially social, interpretative consequences from the nature of religion as collective representation.” Finds the socio-political dimension in Frye’s criticism located in the mythical and archetypal phases of his theory of symbols, where desire and society are informing principles. Observes, however, that in Frye’s anagogic phase, with its figure of Blake’s absolute man, he moves away from social or collective principles towards the purely individual and personal, and he does so by reversing the moral and anagogical levels of interpretation in medieval exegesis. This movement, according to Jameson, is regrettable because the sense of community disappears. Jameson, Misty L. “The Haunted House of American Fiction: William Gaddis’s Carpenter’s Gothic.” Studies in the Novel 41, no. 3 (Fall 2009): 314–29. Shows how Gaddis is attentive to Frye’s four primary myths (comedy, tragedy, irony, and romance) and their correspondence with the seasonal cycles. Jandaghi, Hatameh Sadat, and Zohdi, Esmaeil. “Symbolism in Edgar Allan Poe’s Selected Short Stories.” Theory and Practice in Language Studies 8, no. 3 (March 2018): 314–19. “In Edgar Allan Poe’s short stories symbolism is the main figure of speech. . . . The main aim of this study is recognizing the use of symbolism in ‘Hop – Frog’ (1850), ‘The Pit and the Pendulum’ (1842), and ‘The Cask of Amontillado’ (1846), and decoding the symbols and various meanings they signify according to Northrop Frye’s theory. This paper explores the way symbolism is used in Edgar Allan Poe’s selected short stories, the writer’s motives and amount of his success.” (from author’s abstract) Jänicke, Nadine. “The End of History and the Last Man by Francis Fukuyama: Historiographical Constructions of Meaning in a Western Grand Narrative.” Human Affairs 1 (2006): 5–25. “Having drawn inspiration from Northrop Frye’s literary typology of basic narrative forms, Hayden White develops the concept of emplotment. It is the meaning-producing process

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of narrativization by which facts and events are shaped into one of the master plots like romance, tragedy, comedy, or satire. These plots endow a sequence of real events with different story-meanings. For example, the narrative pattern of a romance constructs real events as the triumph of good over evil.” Janoff, Bruce. “Black Humor: Beyond Satire.” Ohio Review 14 (Fall 1972): 5–20 [16–19]. Outlines Frye’s theory of the relationship between irony and tragedy and uses this theory to analyse stories by Barth, Heller, Pynchon, Hawkes, and Donleavy. Jarausch, Konrad H., et al., eds. The Cold War: Historiography, Memory, Representation. Boston and Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2017. According to Frye, “the theory of archetypal forms of narration makes a basic distinction between comedy and tragedy. Both are visible in films shot in the 1960s that focus on the nuclear threat. The first form is characterized by an optimistic telos: in the end the protagonists will overcome all obstacles and head towards a promising future. Other films have a tragic narrative: the protagonists are doomed to fail because of the political circumstances in the nuclear era and their consequences.” Jarchow, Kathleen. “Magic at the Margins: The Mystification of Maugis d’Aigremont.” In Magic and Magicians in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Time: The Occult in Pre-Modern Sciences, Medicine, Literature, Religion, and Astrology, ed. Albrecht Classen. Boston and Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, GmbH, 2017. Notes the principles Frye uses to classify heroes and heroines in his theory of modes. Jarraway, David. “Frye and Film Studies: Anatomy of Irony.” In Rampton, Northrop Frye, 274–92. Develops an anatomy of film according to Frye’s principles, and turns to an analysis primarily of the ironic detachment of film noir. –  Review of Late Stevens: The Final Fiction, by B.J. Leggett. The Wallace Stevens Journal 29, no. 2 (Fall 2005): 310–13. “Leggett forges the fearful symmetry of his intertextual analysis with considerable precision and elegance. . . . The allusion to Northrop Frye is not accidental. In Frye’s great study of William Blake we may recall the critic’s powerful Stevensian assertion that ‘Art does not imitate nature, but the order of nature is the foundation of the order of art.’” –  Wallace Stevens among Others: Diva-Dames, Deleuze, and American Culture. Montreal and Kingston: McGillQueen’s University Press, 2014. Calls throughout on Frye’s views of the imagination, detachment, realism,

distance, and tolerance. “In the heyday of formalist (or structuralist, or archetypal) criticism, the great Canadian literary critic Northrop Frye once ventured a very shrewd insight in concluding a breathlessly synoptic overview of Stevens’s entire oeuvre that I think still holds up today. In the essay entitled ‘The Realistic Oriole: A Study of Wallace Stevens’ from 1957, Frye makes clear why Stevens’s poetry perhaps situates itself so well among the other contexts explored throughout this study for gauging the extraordinary achievement of his work in the century past. Specifically, Frye remarks on the “anti-‘poetic’ quality” of Stevens in contrast, say, to T.S. Eliot.” Jarrett, James. “Response of Northrop Frye.” In Higher Education: Demand and Response (The Quail Roost Seminar), ed. W.R. Niblett. London: Tavistock Publications, 1969; Jossey-Bass, 1970. 52–5. A response to Frye’s paper “The University and Personal Life.” Offers a perspective on student radicalism different from Frye’s. Jasinski, James. Sourcebook on Rhetoric: Key Concepts in Contemporary Rhetorical Studies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2001. Frye’s theory of rhetoric cited throughout. Jasper, David. “Biblical Hermeneutics and Literary Theory.” In The Blackwell Companion to the Bible in English Literature, ed. Rebecca Lemon et al. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. 22–37. “In the nineteenth century the effect of Coleridge’s reading of the Bible was filtered through the influential writings of Matthew Arnold, and through him their influence has been felt on such modern literary critics as Frank Kermode and Northrop Frye.” –  Review of Redeeming Time: T.S. Eliot’s “Four Quartets” by Kenneth Paul Kramer. Theology 112 (July–August 2009): 314–15. “Redeeming Time is a somewhat oldfashioned work of criticism, a little reminiscent of the literary style of Northrop Frye, with the tone of the enthusiast, and looking back to the era of Kenneth Paul Kramer’s teacher, Cleanth Brooks.” –  Review of The Bible and the Comic Vision, by J. William Whedbee. Theology 102, no. 805 (January 1999): 43. Here the theoretical discussion of the comic derives from Frye’s account of that mythos in Anatomy of Criticism. –  “The Weakening of Theology by Literature Is Not a Bad Thing: An Interview with David Jasper by Tomasz Garbol and Łukasz Tischner.” Konteksty Kultury 215, no. 3 (2018): 271–90. doi:10.4467/2353 1991KK.18.028.9899. www.ejournals.eu/Konteksty_ Kultury. “The Romantic tradition has also inspired other eminent figures in the field of literature and theology/

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of narrativization by which facts and events are shaped into one of the master plots like romance, tragedy, comedy, or satire. These plots endow a sequence of real events with different story-meanings. For example, the narrative pattern of a romance constructs real events as the triumph of good over evil.” Janoff, Bruce. “Black Humor: Beyond Satire.” Ohio Review 14 (Fall 1972): 5–20 [16–19]. Outlines Frye’s theory of the relationship between irony and tragedy and uses this theory to analyse stories by Barth, Heller, Pynchon, Hawkes, and Donleavy. Jarausch, Konrad H., et al., eds. The Cold War: Historiography, Memory, Representation. Boston and Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2017. According to Frye, “the theory of archetypal forms of narration makes a basic distinction between comedy and tragedy. Both are visible in films shot in the 1960s that focus on the nuclear threat. The first form is characterized by an optimistic telos: in the end the protagonists will overcome all obstacles and head towards a promising future. Other films have a tragic narrative: the protagonists are doomed to fail because of the political circumstances in the nuclear era and their consequences.” Jarchow, Kathleen. “Magic at the Margins: The Mystification of Maugis d’Aigremont.” In Magic and Magicians in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Time: The Occult in Pre-Modern Sciences, Medicine, Literature, Religion, and Astrology, ed. Albrecht Classen. Boston and Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, GmbH, 2017. Notes the principles Frye uses to classify heroes and heroines in his theory of modes. Jarraway, David. “Frye and Film Studies: Anatomy of Irony.” In Rampton, Northrop Frye, 274–92. Develops an anatomy of film according to Frye’s principles, and turns to an analysis primarily of the ironic detachment of film noir. –  Review of Late Stevens: The Final Fiction, by B.J. Leggett. The Wallace Stevens Journal 29, no. 2 (Fall 2005): 310–13. “Leggett forges the fearful symmetry of his intertextual analysis with considerable precision and elegance. . . . The allusion to Northrop Frye is not accidental. In Frye’s great study of William Blake we may recall the critic’s powerful Stevensian assertion that ‘Art does not imitate nature, but the order of nature is the foundation of the order of art.’” –  Wallace Stevens among Others: Diva-Dames, Deleuze, and American Culture. Montreal and Kingston: McGillQueen’s University Press, 2014. Calls throughout on Frye’s views of the imagination, detachment, realism,

distance, and tolerance. “In the heyday of formalist (or structuralist, or archetypal) criticism, the great Canadian literary critic Northrop Frye once ventured a very shrewd insight in concluding a breathlessly synoptic overview of Stevens’s entire oeuvre that I think still holds up today. In the essay entitled ‘The Realistic Oriole: A Study of Wallace Stevens’ from 1957, Frye makes clear why Stevens’s poetry perhaps situates itself so well among the other contexts explored throughout this study for gauging the extraordinary achievement of his work in the century past. Specifically, Frye remarks on the “anti-‘poetic’ quality” of Stevens in contrast, say, to T.S. Eliot.” Jarrett, James. “Response of Northrop Frye.” In Higher Education: Demand and Response (The Quail Roost Seminar), ed. W.R. Niblett. London: Tavistock Publications, 1969; Jossey-Bass, 1970. 52–5. A response to Frye’s paper “The University and Personal Life.” Offers a perspective on student radicalism different from Frye’s. Jasinski, James. Sourcebook on Rhetoric: Key Concepts in Contemporary Rhetorical Studies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2001. Frye’s theory of rhetoric cited throughout. Jasper, David. “Biblical Hermeneutics and Literary Theory.” In The Blackwell Companion to the Bible in English Literature, ed. Rebecca Lemon et al. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. 22–37. “In the nineteenth century the effect of Coleridge’s reading of the Bible was filtered through the influential writings of Matthew Arnold, and through him their influence has been felt on such modern literary critics as Frank Kermode and Northrop Frye.” –  Review of Redeeming Time: T.S. Eliot’s “Four Quartets” by Kenneth Paul Kramer. Theology 112 (July–August 2009): 314–15. “Redeeming Time is a somewhat oldfashioned work of criticism, a little reminiscent of the literary style of Northrop Frye, with the tone of the enthusiast, and looking back to the era of Kenneth Paul Kramer’s teacher, Cleanth Brooks.” –  Review of The Bible and the Comic Vision, by J. William Whedbee. Theology 102, no. 805 (January 1999): 43. Here the theoretical discussion of the comic derives from Frye’s account of that mythos in Anatomy of Criticism. –  “The Weakening of Theology by Literature Is Not a Bad Thing: An Interview with David Jasper by Tomasz Garbol and Łukasz Tischner.” Konteksty Kultury 215, no. 3 (2018): 271–90. doi:10.4467/2353 1991KK.18.028.9899. www.ejournals.eu/Konteksty_ Kultury. “The Romantic tradition has also inspired other eminent figures in the field of literature and theology/

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

religion—Meyer H. Abrams, Harold Bloom, Northrop Frye, Geoffrey Hartman, Frank Kermode, Charles Taylor.” Jauss, Hans Robert. “Levels of Identification of Hero and Audience.” New Literary History 4 (Winter 1974): 283– 317 [283–4, 296]. Uses Frye’s five-step typology of the hero for developing his own system for understanding character. Jauss’s system, however, is one based upon “modalities of reception rather than forms of expression.” Jay, Douglas. “Undercover for the United Church.” The Observer [United Church of Canada] 64, no. 6 (January 2001): 44–5. On Frye’s relationship to the United Church of Canada. Jayne, Edward. “The Rise and Fall of New Criticism: Its Brief Dialectic History from I.A. Richards to Northrop Frye.” Amerikastudien 22, no. 1 (1977): 107–22 [116– 18]. Sees the history of the New Criticism as represented by a dialectic: at one pole is Richards, with his emphasis on affective judgment; at the other is Frye, who with his emphasis on formal archetypal principles and the conventions of literary structure represents the final stage in the codification of the New Criticism. Jeffrey, David Lyle. “C.S. Lewis, the Bible, and Its Literary Critics.” Christianity & Literature 50, no. 1 (Autumn 2000): 95–109. In discussing C.S. Lewis’s work on scripture in relation to contemporary biblical criticism, Jeffrey thinks Lewis would have thoroughly disliked the work of such critics as Frank Kermode and Frye but would have enjoyed the acute and earthy biblical criticism of such linguistically competent Jewish critics as Robert Alter and Avivah Zornberg. –  “Encoding and the Reader’s Text.” University of Toronto Quarterly: A Canadian Journal of the Humanities 52, no. 2 (Winter 1982–3): 135–41. “Frye asks us to read his book [The Great Code] as a species of philosophical reflection, and even if the result is not exactly the ‘rewritten version of the Anatomy’ he says he feared it might be, it does represent a reworking of that structure and body of ideas as the credo of a man who at some time has been keenly sensitive to theology, and who now happens to express those interests—with acuity and erudition—as a literary theorist. The Great Code asks to be read as a témoignage, a personal testament of vision, and read in this way it will be a significant addition to the Frygian corpus.” –  “Scripture in the Studium and the Rise of the Humanities.” In Re-Envisioning Christian Humanism: Education and the Restoration of Humanity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016. “Outlines the medieval

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understanding of liberal arts education as scholastics developed it on the basis of patristic humanism. A hallmark of this programme was the confidence that general learning, as exemplified in the best nonChristian sources from antiquity to the medieval present, was compatible with biblical revelation. The result of this deeply influential view in Western culture was that the Bible indeed became, as Northrop Frye put it, ‘the great code’ that underlies much of Western literature.” (from the publisher’s abstract) Jelinski, Jack. “Ignacio Aldecoa’s Contemporisation of the Myth of the Gypsy in His Novel Con el viento solano.” Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies 8, no. 2 (2002): 143–51. Begins with an exposition of Frye’s terms realism, myth, and displacement, which he proceeds to use in his interpretation of Aldecoa’s novel. Jelinski’s thesis is that in Con el viento solano Aldecoa “has attempted to portray the human, realistic experience of the Gypsy in Spain through a complex analogy with the Old Testament myth of the persecution of the Hebrew people.” Jemielty, Thomas. “Ancient Biblical Satire.” In A Companion to Satire: Ancient and Modern, ed. Ruben Quintero. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2007. 15–30. “In addition to providing a most useful and seminal definition of satire as critical fantasy, Northrop Frye also provides a basis for understanding the kinds of satire and irony that do not appear in ancient biblical texts.” Numerous references to Frye appear in other essays in this companion. See pp. 7, 10, 21, 22–3, 24–5, 28, 319. Jeng, Adela. “The Double Tongue, the Double Vision, and the Double Doubles.” EurAmerica: A Journal of European and American Studies 31, no. 3 (September 2001): 519–70. “William Golding’s unfinished swan song, The Double Tongue, recapitulates his life-long obsession with the double vision: the rational and the spiritual reconciled with each other. The heroine Arieka’s double tongue speaks in the same breath the mortal language and the divine language, the natural truth and the spiritual truth. She is expected to live on two levels at once, mediating between the physical universe and the spiritual cosmos. And Arieka is not the only character whose consciousness spans two worlds. The hero Ionides, who commands her to straddle the boundary while choosing to remain on the rational level himself, is forced to share part of her vision. Since both characters are double-visioned, together they become doubly-doubled and resemble the doubly-doubled key to the double doors in the Delphic adytum. The double visions thus multiply into a fourfold vision like that of

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William Blake in the poem quoted by Northrop Frye in his posthumous Double Vision.” Jeo, Yong-Noh. “Oswald Spengler and T.S. Eliot.” Contemporary English and English Literature 54, no. 4 (November 2007): 291–305. Jeong-suk, Lim. “The Universal System of Northrop Frye’s Myth-Criticism System.” Korean Academy of Sciences 8 (December 1982): 45–59. Jensen, JØrgen I. “Cultural Theology: Northrop Frye between Totality and Decentralisation,” trans. Arnt Lykke Jakobsen, in A Literary Miscellany Presented to Eric Jacobsen, ed. Graham D. Caie and Holger NØrgaard. University of Copenhagen, Publications of the Department of English, vol. 16, 1988. 406–18. Rpt. in Jensen’s MØdelpunkter: Teologi—Kultur— Musik: Articler. Copenhagen: ANIS, 2004. 77–86. Examines the connections in Frye’s theology of culture between a series of dialectical oppositions that produce “a reconstruction of anthropology in theological form.” The oppositions are resolved by metaphors of integration, resulting in a visionary theology that “comes close to being what, in the early Church, Clement of Alexandria called true gnosticism in contrast to the heretical variety.” –  “Literaturkritische Herausforderungen an die Theologie: Biblische Formprobleme” [Literary Critical Challenges to Theology: Bibical Form Problems]. Evangelische Theologie 41, no. 5 (September–October 1981): 377–401. In German. Notes that Frye’s use of the Bible as a world of symbols and myths, appealing to the imagination, is indispensable for theology. Maintains that while theological research of the Bible and Christian tradition has often been split into a historical critical exegesis and a conceptual systematic theology, Frye considers the Bible as a total vision. His use of the Bible as a literary critic may be understood as a systematizing of poetical experiences with the Bible, which from Blake’s time has manifested itself beyond the established theology, and which now again must be used in a discussion about the language of theology. –  “Teologiske aspekter i Northrop Fryes litteraturkritik” [Theological Aspects of Northrop Frye’s Literary Criticism]. Unpublished lecture given on 10 December 1975. In German. Jerema, Carson. “Academic ‘Crisis’ Averted.” Maclean’s (29 October 2010). “A plan to dismantle Northrop Frye founded Centre for Comparative literature has been shelved—for now. Students and faculty at the University of Toronto are celebrating after an announcement that plans to dismantle the prestigious

Centre for Comparative Literature may be reversed. Over the summer, the Faculty of Arts and Science released an Academic Plan that would have seen several departments and centres either closed or stripped of their autonomy. Those proposals are now being given a second look. The Centre was founded by Northrop Frye in 1969.” Jerez-Farrán, Carlos. “‘Ansiedad de influencia’ versus intertextualidad autoconscience en Tiempo de silencio de Martín-Santos” [Anxiety of Influence versus Intertextuality: Self-Consciousness in Time of Silence by Martín-Santos]. Symposium 42, nos. 1–2 (Summer 1988): 42–6. In Spanish. Begins by noting that MartínSantos’s Tiempo is a novel whose significance depends in great measure on what Frye calls centripetal or literary meaning. Jernigan, Amanda. “The Last Mythopoet.” PN Review 41, no. 1 (September–October): 21–4. “There are critics for whom mythopoetry is, if anything was, a short-lived literary movement that grew up here in Canada under the influence of the mythopoetic criticism of Northrop Frye, and died out when its chief practitioners—Jay Macpherson and James Reaney are the two most often cited—went on to other things.” Jervis, L. Ann. “Paul the Poet in First Timothy 1:11–17; 2:3b–7; 3:14–16.” Catholic Biblical Quarterly 61, no. 4 (October 1999): 695–712. “In the ancient world, foundational stories were told by poets. The poet’s function was not only to tell the story but also to demonstrate reception of the story. Northrop Frye puts it this way: ‘The artificial creation story in Genesis culminates in the Sabbath vision, in which God contemplates what he has made. In human life creation and contemplation need two people, a poet and a reader, a creative action that produces and a creative response that possesses. We may recall that Dante who achieved freedom of will at the top of Purgatory was not merely Dante the poet, but Dante the student of Virgil. The first step in the recovery of myth is the transfer of the centre of interest from the hero to the poet.’” Jewell, Richard. “The Heart of the Muses: Teaching Narrative Writing Using Mythic/Archetypal Literary Criticism.” An earlier version of this essay appeared in a 2001 issue of Minnesota English Journal. A still earlier version was presented in the Creative Writing Section of the 1993 Midwest Modern Language Association. http://www.tc.umn.edu/~jewel001/CollegeWriting/ CREATEANALYZEDESCRIBE/CREATE/ sectiontheory.htm.

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Jewkes, W.T. “Mental Fight: Northrop Frye and the Teaching of Literature.” Journal of General Education 27 (Winter 1976): 281–98. Asks whether or not Frye’s ideas are “useful, not just to scholars in general but to teachers in particular, at every level of instruction, who must each day strive to find ways of opening up the minds of their students to the values of literary study.” Concludes that Frye’s work is practically valuable because it identifies the proper adversary, provides a proper notion of the object of literary study, offers a practical methodology, and gives a sense of relevance. –  “Structure, Relevance, and the Teaching of Literature.” CEA Critic 42 (November 1979): 37–43. Argues that Frye’s concept of structure can help rescue literary studies from the disarray they have been in during the past two decades. Summarizes Frye’s views on the larger contexts of literary studies and on their fundamental structural forms: archetype and metaphor. Believes that Frye’s approach to literature can “have a direct and powerful relevance” for students, because it raises issues directly related to both their personal lives and their understanding of society. Additionally, it can educate their imaginations. Jhanjhnodia, Shankar Lal. “Myth in Early Modern Indian Literature: A Brief Survey.” International Journal of English Language, Literature in the Humanities 4, no. 9 (September 2016): 27–35. “In a theoretical framework set by the Euro-American critics like C.G. Jung, Northrop Frye, James George Frazer, and T.S. Eliot, this paper intends to present a brief analysis of Hindu mythology as a literary device in the works of Indian writers.” Ji, Tong. “Three Mythical Archetypes in Franz Kafka’s Novels.” Journal of Hebei Normal University 4 (1994). In Chinese. Jia, Wei. “An Analysis of the Life and Death of Hardy’s The Mayor of Casterbridge.” Journal of Honghe University 4 (2005). In Chinese. Sees the novel as a low-mimetic tragedy in Frye’s sense. Jiang, Dongjuan. “Sacrifice and Covenant: Blood Imagery in the Bible.” Journal of China University of Mining and Technology (Social Sciences) 1 (2012). Jiang, Jing. “Secular Decoding: A Critique of Frye’s The Great Code.” In Proceedings of the International Exchange Research Institute 1996. In Chinese. Jiang, XianJing. “Inconsistency in Frye’s Critical Theory.” Foreign Literature 4 (2007): 10–17. Finds that contradictions ensue from Frye’s insistence on a science of criticism. In Chinese.

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–  “Secular Decoding: A Critique of Frye’s The Great Code.” Proceedings of the Institute of International Exchange (3rd issue). In Chinese. Jiang, Yanping. “On Northrop Frye’s Theory of Reconstructing Literary Criticism.” Journal of Jinan University (Philosophy & Social Science Edition) 25, no. 4 (July 2003). In Chinese. Analyses Frye’s important contributions in the history of Western literary theory. Believes that literary criticism should be systematic and that it should emerge from the tension between freedom and concern. Jiang, Yuqin. “A Comparison of Northrop Frye’s and F.R. Leavis’s Cultural Criticism.” Journal of Shenzhen University 24, no. 2 (2007): 121–6. In Chinese. Both Frye and Leavis thought it important to see literature in its cultural context. –  “Exploring the Cultural Implications of Northrop Frye’s Theory.” Foreign Literature Studies 6 (2003). In Chinese. Proposes that Frye was not only an archetypal theorist of structural orientation, but, in a broader cultural context, also a cultural critic. –  Theory of the Imagination: Northrop Frye’s Cultural Criticism. Beijing: China Social Sciences Press, 2009. On Frye’s ideological heritage, his literary and cultural criticism, his views of the humanities and education, and his criticism of Canadian literature. In Chinese. Jiao, Ming-A. “On the Historical Contribution of Critical Theory and Its Theoretical Limitations.” Changchun University Journal 6 (2002). In Chinese. Jiazhong, Zhou. “Xiao Bing’s Studies of Chuci and Frye’s Archetypal Criticism.” Journal of Huaiyin Teachers’ College 4 (1996). Jinga, Constantin. Biblia si şacrul în literature [The Bible and the Sacred in Literature]. Timisoara: Editura Universităţii de Vest, 2001. In Romanian. Jiráček, Pavel. “Rytmus a smysl v lyrice” [Rhythm and Meaning in Lyric Verse]. Česká literatura 3 (2007): 301– 42. In Czech. Reviews Frye’s thesis about the mental entities in poetry that combine sound and sense. Jobling, David. “Biblical Studies on a More Capacious Canvas: A Response to Joe Velaidum and James M. Kee.” In Kee, Northrop Frye and the Afterlife of the Word, 139–46. An assessment of the contributions to biblical studies by way of Frye in Joe Velaidum’s “Toward Reconciling the Solitudes” and James M. Kee’s “Northrop Frye and the Poetry in Biblical Hermeneutics.”

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Jofré, Manuel. “Northrop Frye, Anatomy of Criticism.” Revista Chilena de Literatura 72 (April 2002): 261–78. An analysis of Frye’s entire critical project, triggered by the appearance of the Collected Works edition of Anatomy of Criticism. –  “Northrop Frye and Mikhail Bakhtin: Parallel, Opposing, Converging Views.” Global Journal of Human Social Science 13, no. 3 (2013): 13–16. “Frye’s system, as Bakhtin’s, contains at least five elements: an ontology of the literary work, a methodology for literary analysis, a history of Western literature, a theory of criticism, and a study of culture. Both intellectuals emphasize the inescapable dialogue of critical theory (as Frye defined his system in Anatomy of Criticism) with the literary work itself, that is to say an ineludible dialogism between literature and literary studies (be [sic] theory, criticism, analysis, history).” –  “Presentación del libro de Manuel Jofré: Pablo Neruda: De los mitos y el ser americano. Capítulo 6: La palabra americana” [Presentation of Manuel Jofré’s Book, Pablo Neruda: Of Myths and of Being American. Chapter 6: The American Word]. Cyber Humanitatis 31 (Winter 2004). In Spanish. http://www.revistas.uchile.cl/index. php/RCH/article/viewArticle/5761/5629. Uses Frye’s theoretical framework as a means for examining Neruda’s poetry. The URL reproduces chapter 6 of Jofré’s book, Pablo Neruda: De los mitos y el ser americano. Johae, Antony. “Reading Carnival into Notting Hill.” Literature/Film Quarterly 37, no. 4 (2009): 270–82. “My exegesis of the film following Northrop Frye will merge quite naturally with genre criticism, since archetypal interpretation itself has tended to prioritize genre, the main difference being, as Frye says, ‘not so much to classify as to clarify such traditions and affinities, thereby bringing out a large number of literary relationships that would not be noticed as long as there were no context established for them.’ It will not be hard in our rehearsing of the film, Notting Hill, to detect the organizing structural principles that Frye proposed for comedy. However, the fact that they are seen to operate as principles seems to me to draw attention to the restrictions of interpretation that will ensue, particularly in so far as innovative speculation located apart from mythic models would seem to be disallowed by a prerequisite that recognition be given to pre-existing archetypal structures that form the essential basis of critique. In other words, too much is pre-determined before the critical probe begins. This is not to imply that a Frye typology in its application to Notting Hill will not illuminate the film, but that the critic can only go

so far with it until all the interpretive possibilities are exhausted and die out.” Johansen, JØrgen Dines. “Retorisk genreteori” [Rhetorical Genre Theory]. In Novelleteori efter 1945: En studie i litteraer taxonomi [Short Story Theory after 1945: A Study in Literary Taxonomy]. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1970. 15–20. In Danish. Mainly concerned with the definition of the short story and its status in criticism, especially with the terminology of literary scholarship used to discuss it. Discusses the genre theories of Frye, Kate Hamburger, and Emil Staiger, but rejects them all as incoherent or unprofitable. Johar, G.V., Morris B. Holbrook, and Barbara B. Stern. “The Role of Myth in Creative Advertising Design: Theory, Process and Outcome.” Journal of Advertising 30, no. 2 (Summer 2001): 1–25. An empirical study using five creative teams from an advertising agency. Participants were given a strategic brief for a new beverage product and asked to design the layout for a print ad. Analysis of the protocols revealed that the teams used the kinds of plot patterns in Frye’s Anatomy. Four of the teams oriented themselves towards one of Frye’s four mythic types. See also Stern’s articles, below. Johnsen, William A. “Elementary English.” The Centennial Review 34, no. 4 (Fall 1990): 457–83. See Johnsen, The Study of Literature, below. –  “Mimetic Theory, Religion, and Literature as Secular Scripture.” In The Palgrave Handbook of Mimetic Theory and Religion, ed. James Alison and Wolfgang Palaver. New York: Palgrave Macmillan/Springer, 2017. 303–9. “What will perhaps surprise those who know the comprehensiveness and ambitiousness of René Girard’s generative model for the origin of culture in religion and culture’s subsequent development and exfoliation, is that he does not propose, as does Northrop Frye, a theory of literature as a whole and a formal relation between sacred and secular scripture founded in typically recurring myths, what Frye called simply ‘the order of words.’” –  “Myth, Ritual, and Literature after Girard.” In Literary Theory’s Future(s), ed. Joseph Natoli. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1989. 116–48 [127–31]. On the relationship of myth and ritual in Frye’s work and the way in which desire, in his view, is mediated by displacement. –  “The Sparagmos of Myth Is the Naked Lunch of Mode: Modern Literature as the Age of Frye and Borges.” boundary 2, 8 (Winter 1980): 297–311. Analyses Frye’s theory of the relation of modern literature to the tradition. Outlines his conception of the mood of

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

identification, which transforms nature into culture and helps us overcome (sublimate) the finitude of the world and our alienation. Seeks to determine the deep forces lying behind the contradiction in Frye’s theory of modes, where human power in the natural world is seen as diminishing, and his theory of the imagination, where one can ultimately fulfil the dream of literature by entering the world of anagogic identity. Discovers a deeper logic in the structuralist concept of differentiation, which is said to underlie Frye’s oppositions and to provide the motive for myth and metaphor: Frye shows that “modern literature criticizes western culture as a sacrificial or differentiating system now turning back on itself.” –  The Study of Literature as a Systematic Disciplinary Practice [Elementary Subjects Center, Series No. 7]. East Lansing: Institute for Research on Teaching, Michigan State University, 1989. 1–31 [4–13]. Argues that Frye’s work “gave us a shove forward, from kindergarten to the graduate seminar, in the direction of a real understanding of what disciplinary practice is specific to the study of literature and what social use that practice uniquely serves. The next step in following Frye is to further situate literary theory within a specific language, literature, culture by asking, What is the content of the ‘English’ canon, what has been specifically excluded as well as included by this historical formation? Examines the problems of literary study addressed by Frye, the answers he offered, and the limitations of his theory. Offers “a revision of Frye by means of the work of René Girard, which coordinates Frye’s work with the dominant theories that have outmoded him.” A revised version appears as “Elementary English.” Centennial Review 34 (Fall 1990): 457–83. –  Violence and Modernism: Ibsen, Joyce and Woolf. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 2003. Using Frye and Girard as his theoretical foundation, Johnsen reinterprets the works of three modernists. Shows how Frye’s vision of a movement from mythic to ironic heroes parallels Girard’s view of society as increasingly demythologized and increasingly concerned with scapegoats and victims. Johnson, Aidan. “Christopher Hitchens and Canada.” Hamilton Spectator (23 December 2011). https://www. thespec.com/opinion-story/2230357-christopherhitchens-and-canada/. On the reasons for Hitchens’s opposition to Frye’s views on the Bible. Johnson, Christopher D. “N+2, or a Late Renaissance Poetics of Enumeration.” MLN 127, no. 5 (December 2012): 1096–1143. “Two theoretical voices help us make sense of Rabelais’s lists. Northrop Frye, in his anatomy

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of thematic forms in literature, identifies what he calls the ‘encyclopaedic’ mode. This mode aspires to create an unbroken, unified work containing the sum of a culture’s knowledge at a particular point in time. It is exemplified by epic poetry or by collections of sacred or mythic texts. Initially contrasted with the ‘episodic’ or lyric mode in which the poet explores more subjective, discontinuous themes, ‘encyclopaedic’ literature speaks for society and dilates ‘more extended patterns.’ Yet in some historical periods and authors, Frye admits, the two modes often fuse. Such is the case with Rabelais, a ‘Menippean satirist’ who masquerades as a novelist.” Johnson, David. “Epic and History in Early China.” Journal of Asian Studies 40, no. 2 (1 February 1981): 255–73. Opens with a summary of Frye’s theory of modes, which will be “familiar” to anyone acquainted with Chinese literary culture. The theory of modes is for Johnson a “powerful intellectual model.” Johnson, Gary Chase. “The Presence of Allegory: The Case of Philip Roth’s American Pastoral.” Narrative 12, no. 3 (October 2004): 233–48. Glances at Frye’s theory of allegory. Johnson, Kenneth R. “Blake’s Cities: Romantic Forms of Urban Renewal.” In Blake’s Visionary Forms Dramatic, ed. David V. Erdman and John E. Grant. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2017; orig. pub. 1970. “Scholars (especially Northrop Frye) have emphasized the importance in Blake’s poetry of the dialectical myth of a heavenly city and a fallen city, adapted principally from the Jerusalem and Babylon of Revelation.” Johnson, Luke Timothy. “How Not to Read the Bible.” Commonweal 126, no. 13 (16 July 1999): 22–6. Review of Abraham on Trial: The Social Legacy of Biblical Myth, by Carol Delaney, and The Curse of Cain: The Violent Legacy of Monotheism, by Regina M. Schwartz. “Schwartz objects to Northrop Frye’s typological reading of the entire Bible, but she ends up being no less totalizing. She recognizes a diversity of voices, but ultimately recognizes only the one she detests; rather than enlivening those elements of the text that can generate a celebration of difference (and they are many, especially in the New Testament), she wants to start over with new stories. Delaney systematically suppresses the complexities of the Abraham story (including Sarah’s sometimes ambiguous roles) in order to create her preferred cultural script.” Johnson, Rachel E. A Complete Identity: The Youthful Hero in the Work of G.A. Henty and George MacDonald. Cambridge, UK: Lutterworth Press, 2014. Relies on

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Frye’s theory of modes to establish the genre of Henty and MacDonald’s works. Johnson, Robert. “Northrop Frye and the Cycle of Literary Modes.” An interview with Robert Johnson by Greg Ritter on Frye’s life and work. https://soundcloud.com/ gregory-ritter-594331905/academic-interview-15northrop-frye-and-the-cycle-of-literary-modes. Johnston, George. “Northrop Frye: Some Recollections and Observations.” CEA Critic 42 (January 1980): 21–5. Johnston reminisces about Frye as a student, teacher, and critical intelligence. Indicates the debt that he owes to Frye as a critic and as a person. Comments on his authority, humanity, wit, loyalties, and influence. Johnston, Robert K. “Transformative Viewing: Penetrating the Story’s Surface.” In Reframing Theology and Film. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic Press, 2007. 304–21. Devotes a section to Frye and his appropriation of the medieval four-levels-of-meaning paradigm; the fourfold schema can help theologians and film critics in understanding polysemous meaning. Jones, Alex. “Myth and the Limits of History in Nostromo.” Sydney Studies in English 43 (2017): 55–70. “Interestingly, a reading of Nostromo that foregrounds the presence of myth in the novel has been done before. In her chapter, ‘An Archetypal Analysis of Conrad’s Nostromo,’ Claire Rosenfield details the quest motif at the heart of the novel, the problematic status of Nostromo as a mythic hero, as well as the depiction of the San Tomé mine as a fallen Eden. Published in 1966, when Northrop Frye’s brand of archetypal criticism reached its peak, Rosenfield’s piece is content-based, casting a wide net on the mythic tropes of Nostromo. Though informative, it does not (due to its time period) incorporate a narratological interpretation of mythopoeia in Conrad’s novel.” Jones, D.G. “Myth, Frye, and Canadian Writers.” Canadian Literature 55 (Winter 1973): 7–22. Argues that the basic conception of poetic imagination articulated in Frye’s critical theory is “not peculiar or opposed to the main development of Canadian literature or the Canadian writer’s imaginative convictions.” Shows how a number of Canadian poets give evidence to what Frye has argued, namely, that poetry gives shape to the myths men live by. –  “A Post Card from Chicoutimi.” Studies in Canadian Literature/Études en lettérature canadienne 1, no. 2 (1986): 170–82. On Frye’s relationship to the places in Eastern Canada where he grew up, as compared with that those of Paul-Marie Lapointe.

Jones, Dafydd Glyn. “Golwg ar y mathan llenyddol” [A Look at the Literary Bear]. Efryd: Anthron. 39 (1976): 58–74. In Welsh. Discusses the concept of “types” in contemporary literature, examining the views of Frye and R.M. Jones. Jones, Emily Griffiths. “Milton’s Counter-Revision of Romantic Structure in Paradise Regained.” Huntington Library Quarterly 76, no. 1 (Spring 2013): 59–81. “Nearly fifty years ago, Barbara Lewalski described ‘Jesus’ adventure and conquest over Satan in the Wilderness’ in Paradise Regained as ‘the true, fully achieved Romance Quest’ in which the hero ‘antitypes the romance knights’ and ‘achieves . . . the highest romance purposes.’ Her reading of Milton’s poem as a bold experiment with genre accords with Northrop Frye’s contemporaneous description of the poem as ‘a parody of a dragon-killing romance, or, more accurately,’ as ‘the reality of which the dragon-killing romance is a parody.’” Jones, Evan. “We Need to Talk about Canada.” PN Review 39, no. 5 (May–June 2013): 55–8. Review of Groundwork, by Amanda Jernigan, and collections by other poets. “The major difference between Amanda Jernigan’s poetry and that of [Ken] Babstock and [Stephanie] Bolster is this: the latter win Canadian prizes, wander out, and bring their travels back to Canada, but aren’t well known beyond the country’s borders. Groundwork, Jernigan’s debut, hasn’t made any of the big prize lists, but her poems travel out into the world nonetheless, reaching an audience beyond Canada. She is that rare thing: an exporter of her poetry, with publications in important American and British journals alongside Canadian ones. She is also the only heir to a tradition that was once central and has now died out: the mythopoets. That tradition owes much to Northrop Frye, to his groundbreaking work on myth and as a teacher to the generation of Canadian poets who passed through or even got close to his lecture theatre: Daryl Hine, Jay Macpherson, and Richard Outram the major proponents. Hence, here, Jernigan’s groundwork, her excavations, her firsts, openings, beginnings. Groundwork is a book that’s aware it is a debut, setting the poles that the tent may rise. That irony in place, Jernigan builds on her influences.” Jones, Joel M. “The Presence of the Past in the Heartland: Raintree County Revisited.” Mid America 4 (1977): 112– 21. Shows that Lockridge’s novel exemplifies Frye’s five modes—from the mythic to the ironic—and so is more than a historical novel. Jones, Michelle L. “‘Linked through the body of one man’: Black Jack Randall as a Non-Traditional Romance

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Villain.” In Adoring Outlander: Essays on Fandom, Genre and the Female Audience, ed. Valerie Estelle Frankel. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2016. Relies on Frye’s definition of romance as modified by Gabaldon in Outlander. Jones, Timothy. “Every Day Is Halloween—Goth and the Gothic.” The Gothic and the Carnivalesque in American Culture. Cardiff, UK: University of Wales Press, 2015. 179–204. Uses Frye’s description of romance (characters, narrative) in a study of Poppy Z. Brite’s Gothic novel Lost Souls. Jones-Katz, Gregory. “‘The Brides of Deconstruction’ and Criticism and the Transformation of Feminism in the North American Academy.” Modern Intellectual History 17, no. 2 (2020): 413–42. “To be sure, during the 1960s, Bloom was a literary-critical revolutionary, who, alongside M.H. Abrams and Northrop Frye, helped overturn the New Critics’ and their modernist allies’ portrayals of British Romantics as puerile and unsophisticated.” Joong, Shik Hyon. “Individual and Society: The Blithedale Romance and the Brook Farm Experiment.” English Literature 27, no. 1 (1981). In Korean. –  “A New Interpretation of Poe’s ‘Arthur Gordon Pym.’” American Studies 6 (1983). In Korean. –  “Northrop Frye on Education.” English Education 13 (1977): 31–9. In Korean. –  “Vision of the Inner Life and Point of View in Mrs. Dalloway.” Studies in Humanities 26 (1997). In Korean. Jordaan, Annette Marie. “‘Mite’ as geesteswetenskaplike konsep in heroënskou” [“Myth” Reviewed as a Concept in the Human Sciences]. Tydskrif vir Geesteswetenskappe 48, no 2. (June 2008): 233–48. In Afrikaans. On the differing concepts of myth in contemporary thought. Jordan, Mark D. Review of Faith, Order, Understanding: Natural Theology in the Augustinian Tradition, by Louis Mackey. Journal of the History of Philosophy 50, no. 3 (July 2012): 454–5. Notes that in Mackey’s earlier book Peregrinations, “the understanding of language is developed in conversation with Kenneth Burke and Northrop Frye.” Jorgenson, Estelle R. “Editorial.” Philosophy of Music Education Review 14, no. 2 (Fall 2006): 99–100. “In The Educated Imagination, Northrop Frye asks us to imagine ourselves castaway on an uninhabited island in a southern sea. Beyond physical survival, and even the trappings of social life should we be joined by others, we might also come to dwell in a spiritual and imagined

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world expressed through such arts as poetry, dance, and music enacted through rituals and intertwined with myths. The stuff of this other reality that goes beyond the phenomenal world to express imaginative thought is especially characteristic of human beings. When we think of the arts, notwithstanding evidence of elephants and apes that paint or draw and cats and dogs that match or recognize particular musical pitches, we think especially of our own humanity. And should we be left on this island long enough, the world we create is likely to be imagined as well as physical.” Jortner, David. “The Stability of the Heart amidst Fields of Green: An Ecocritical Reading of Kurosawa Akira’s Ran.” Post Script—Essays in Film and the Humanities 20, no. 1 (Fall 2000): 82–91. Regarding Christopher Bannon’s 1991 essay “Man and Nature in Ran and King Lear,” Jortner notes that “Bannon relies heavily on Northrop Frye’s four levels of Renaissance thought regarding the natural world and humanity. For Frye, humanity is the second highest level of existence in Renaissance thought, having only the divine above it. Beneath the human mind lies the chaos and maelstrom of the natural world which is cold and indifferent to the desires of man.” Joshi, Pooja. “A Study of Feminist Archetypal Structures in the Indian Fiction.” Literary Insight 8, no. 1 (January 2017): 95–101. “The role of women in fiction has changed dramatically over time. We see an emergent pattern in the way in which writers have built up the themes and drawn the characters. Annis Pratt in her book Archetypal Patterns in Women’s Fiction, first began to employ feminist archetypal criticism and explored several archetypes which she believed were characteristic to women fiction. Her archetypal theories are not entirely dependent on the theories of Carl Jung and also do not conform rigidly to the literary archetypes of Northrop Frye. Although aspects of Frye’s and Jung’s theories have proven to be useful to understand feminist archetypal methods, the feminist archetypal criticism also draws upon the rich field of feminist theology and upon women’s studies, in psychology and anthropology.” (from author’s abstract) –  “‘Where is here’? Eco-poetics in the Canadian Psyche: Northrop Frye and Margaret Atwood.” Research Journal of English Language and Literature 6, no. 3 (July– September 2018): 40–5. “The present paper attempts to analyze the issues of history, identity and culture deeply interwoven in the ecological framework of the works of two eminent twentieth century Canadian writers, Northrop Frye and Margaret Atwood. Ecology, the relation between individuals and natural world,

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also encompasses a deep sense of belonging to a society, culture and community, being indispensable to one’s existence. In the early 1970s Canadian cultural nationalism positioned wilderness as a mark of difference as well as an object of ecological faith. Margaret Atwood’s Survival (1972), a work of literary criticism, reflects this engrossment with wilderness. Northrop Frye’s The Bush Garden and Divisions on a Ground also focus on a Frygian vision of locale and landscape rooted in the region and culture of Canada.” (author’s opening paragraph) Josipovici, Gabriel. “The Bible in Focus.” Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 48 (October 1990): 101–22. –  Review of A Remembered Future: A Study in Literary Mythology, by Harold Fisch, and Centre and Labyrinth: Essays in Honour of Northrop Frye, ed. Eleanor Cook et al. Modern Language Review 82, no. 3 (July 1987): 687–8. “Fisch takes issue with Jungians, structuralists, and Northrop Frye, who would see literature in terms of ahistorical archetypes or deep structures. . . . Fisch is interested in works of literature and not in movements. It is simply that as a student of Hebrew as well as of Western literature he can see that what we in our insular way take to be an archetype, eternal and unchanging, is really something which belongs to a particular culture particular time and place. . . . Northrop Frye, too, has recently given us a book on the Bible. But where Fisch would see the Bible as a book about the struggle of man with the temptations of romance, Frye, naturally, sees it as the archetypal romance.” –  The World and the Book. London: Macmillan, 1971; Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1971. 264–5, 266–9, 289–93, 302–5. Claims that Frye, more than anyone else, “has helped to bring us back to an understanding of the role of literary convention and tradition.” Objects, however, to Frye’s use of the concept of “myth” as he applies it to modern writers, for it does not account for the unique play of the relations between the world of literature and the moderns’ sense of unique self. Frye “fails to account for the tension that exists in each writer between the awareness of possibility and the necessity of choice, and which is resolved in the exploration, through art itself, of the dialectic between langue and parole, desire and reality.” Joubin, Alexa Alice, and Aneta Mancewicz. “Introduction.” In Local and Global Myths in Shakespearean Performance. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018. Draws on “Frye’s theory that myths consist of recognizable types of story serving an aesthetic function,” and on his idea that myths tend to form clusters.

Jovanov, Svetislav. “Motiv utopije u modernoj srpskoj drami” [Motives of Utopia in Modern Serbian Drama]. Театрон 156–7 (2011): 85–92. In Bosnian. Draws on Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism and “Varieties of Literary Utopias.” Joy, Eileen A. Review of Enigmas and Riddles in Literature, by Eleanor Cook. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006. Cook “first became intrigued with the subject of riddling through her study of the riddling language of Wallace Stevens’s poetry, but also by way of St. Augustine and Northrop Frye.” Judge, Jennifer. “The ‘Seamy Side’ of Human Perfectibility: Satire on Habit in Edward Bulwer-Lytton’s The Coming Race.” Journal of Narrative Theory 39, no. 2 (Summer 2009): 137–58. Gives an overview of Frye’s theory of satire and irony and then applies it to Bulwer-Lytton’s The Coming Race. Jung, Fu. “Northrop Frye’s Critical Principle of Criticism as Science: Its Validity and Problems.” Kyung Sung University Bulletin 5, no. 1 (1984): 133–53. The appearance of New Criticism brought about a new controversy over whether criticism is a science or an art. Modern critics have classified the function of criticism or its activity into “description” and “evaluation.” Frye asserts that criticism is science—a structure of objective knowledge. His critical attitude can be summarized as follows: if criticism is a structure of knowledge, and if knowledge and value judgments are separate, then value cannot be a part of criticism. His critical attitude, however, does not accommodate all the basic problems of criticism because his position is too simple and schematic. Jung, Sook Im. “The Myth Criticism System: An Explanation of the Universality of Mythic Criticism.” Aesthetics 8 (1982): 45 ff. In Korean. Jurak, Mirko. “Northrop Frye in Margaret Atwood: Njun odnos do kanadske samobi-nosti in kulture” [Northrop Frye and Margaret Atwood: Their Attitudes towards Canadian Self-Culture and Culture]. In Zbornik ob sedemdesetletnici Franceta Brniks [Proceedings Marking the Seventieth Anniversary of France Brniks]. Ljubljana: SAZU, 1997. 227–40. In Slovenian. Rpt. as “Northrop Frye and Margaret Atwood: On National Identity in Canadian Literature,” in Missions of Independence: A Literary Directory (ASNEL Papers, vol. 58), ed. Gerhard Stilz. Amsterdam, 2002. 23–34. Also rpt. in Cross Cultures 58 (2002): 23–34. Jurdana, Vjekoslava. “Central Europe as a Place of Culture/Destiny (on the Example of Chakavian Poetry of Drago Gervais).” Croatian Studies Review 12

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(2016): 103–32. “Northrop Frye emphasizes that the biographer will naturally be interested in his subject’s poetry as a personal document, recording his private dreams, associations, ambitions, and expressed or repressed desires. Studies of such matters, as well as those including the relation between psychology and criticism,” Frye says, “form an essential part of criticism.” Jurich, Joscelyn. “What Do Subjects Want?” Afterimage 40, no. 5 (March–April 2013): 6–10. “In their essay on journalism and mythic narratives, anthropologist Elizabeth Bird and journalism historian Robert Dardenne reference a statement by Northrop Frye on the art form as a model for thinking about patterns in news reporting: ‘Poetry can only be made out of other poems; novels out of other novels. Literature shapes itself.’ Bird and Dardenne write that journalists resist the idea that news shapes itself though they imply there is a distinct possibility that it does. ‘The facts, names, and details change almost daily,’ they write, ‘but the framework into which they fit—the symbolic system—is more enduring.’” Just, Daniel. “Between Narrative Paradigms: Joseph Conrad and the Shift from Realism to Modernism from a Genre Perspective.” English Studies 89, no. 3 (2008): 273–86. “The event—the event—Heart of Darkness tells a story about what remains absent. With this void in its foundation, Heart of Darkness forms, to use Northrop Frye’s phrase, an essentially ‘’dislocated story’’—a narrative that oscillates around a central situation that never becomes a direct object of the story.” Justman, Stewart. “The Folly of Systems: The Satiric Tradition and Mental Disorders.” Philosophy and Literature 37, no. 2 (October 2013): 472–85. “Deriving as it does from the Latin for ‘full’ and related to the word ‘satiety,’ satire has a built-in bias against the thinness of theory and abstract knowledge and in favor of the disorderliness of reality. Hence, for example, the tradition’s affection for abundant catalogues and other modes of excess, as well as farrago-like compositions. Joyce’s Ulysses refers to itself as an ‘allincluding most farraginous chronicle,’ a label that applies to Moby-Dick as well—which is not to say that some single thread runs through the entirety of the satiric tradition. As the membership of such radically different spirits as Joyce and Tolstoy in a common tradition may suggest, satire itself is no single thing or genre but accommodates all kinds of world-enlarging originality. Still among the richest discussions of the subject is Northrop Frye’s analysis of satire’s disparagement of system-building as against the multiplicity of the experienced world.”

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–  “Orwell’s Plain Style.” University of Toronto Quarterly 53, no. 2 (1984): 195–203. “It is possible to turn up some of the pairings that are radically important to the conduct of one’s thought—for example, fact vs fiction, object vs subject, action vs observation, word vs thing. We inherit each of these distinctions from what Northrop Frye (in his recent study of the Bible) calls the ‘descriptive phase’ of language, a period which ‘attains cultural ascendancy in the eighteenth century. In English literature it begins theoretically with Francis Bacon, and effectively with Locke. Here we start with a clear separation of subject and object, in which the subject exposes itself, in sense experience, to the impact of an objective world.’” Juvan, Marko. “Generic Identity and Intertextuality.” Comparative Literature and Culture Web 7, no. 1 (2005): article 4. http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/ viewcontent.cgi?article=1255&context=clcweb. “Theoretical discourse displays a methodically regulated knowledge; a telling example is that, from Aristotle and the mediaeval rota Vergiliana to the genre maps by Frye, Scholes, or Hernadi, theorists were inclined to produce closed-set classifications, based on structural invariants of the texts stemming from different periods and environments. They considered textual volume, use of verse/prose, form, prevalent mode (dialogue, narrative, exposition, confession, etc.), style, topic, story, characters, emotional and evaluative mood, situation, the subject of utterance and other factors. In principle, such attempts construct genre concepts and systems only in retrospective, ex post. The poetics of genre therefore often tends toward universalism.” K Kachan, Maia. “The Literary Evolution of Acta Victoriana.” The Strand (18 September 2017). http://thestrand.ca/ the-literary-evolution-of-acta-victoriana/. Includes photo of Acta Victoriana staff during Frye’s student years. “Northrop Frye, the prominent Canadian literary theorist, was Acta Victoriana’s Editor-in-Chief in 1932 and was significant in his inclusion of literary criticism. This tradition can be seen as recently as last year [2016], with criticism and reviews by editorial board members. Frye would go on to become the Principal and Chancellor of Victoria College, a visiting professor at Harvard University, and a Companion of the Order of Canada.” Kąck, Eliza. “Stanisław Brzozowski and Romantic Revision (Meyer Howard Abrams, Northrop Frye, Harold Bloom): Prolegomena.” In Stanislaw Brzozowski and the Migration of Ideas: Transnational Perspectives on

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the Intellectual Field in Twentieth-Century Poland and Beyond, ed. Jens Herlth and Edward M. Świderski. Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag, 2019. 187–207. “The development of Stanisław Brzozowski’s writing owed much to his profound and complex relationship with Romanticism, not only in its Polish manifestations. . . . It is on account of the relationship between reading the Romantic writers and the shape of their own philosophy and critical work that Brzozowski can be studied on a par with such authors as Meyer Howard Abrams, Harold Bloom, Northrop Frye, Geoffrey Hartman. Even though their views were different, they all held Romanticism, which they thought through in a profound, multi-faceted, and intensive manner, as the foundation of their criticism.” –  “Nowe studia modernistyczne i późny modernism” [New Modernist Studies and Late Modernism]. Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne: Seria Literacka 24 (2014): 35–42. In Polish. Points to Frye’s reply to an interviewer’s question: “I regard the romantic movement as the first big step towards clarifying the role of criticism and providing a concept of creation that could integrate all intellectual components of the creative process.” Kadar, Marlene. Review of Transculturing Auto/Biography: Forms of Life Writing, ed. Rosalia Baena. Biography 4 (Spring 2008): 282–5. Baena’s book “reaches from life writing forms in film (Dorothea Fischer-Hornung’s essay on Maya Deren’s early films) to ‘paradigms of Canadian literary biography’ (Ana Beatriz Delgado’s essay applies Northrop Frye’s idea of myth to Charlotte Gray’s Sisters in the Wilderness).”

interrupted by a foray into a ‘green world,’ a literal or figurative forest . . . free of parental supervision and social constraint, and it is characterized by unchecked erotic impulses, gender bending, and altered or mistaken identities, as in the comic confusion that makes up much of the action of A Midsummer Night’s Dream.” Kahn, Victoria. “Job’s Complaint in Paradise Regained.” English Literary History 76, no. 3 (Fall 2009): 625–66. “Ever since Barbara Lewalski’s pioneering work, critics have agreed that the hermeneutical contest between Satan and Jesus is modeled in a general way on the temptations of Job 32. But what about the Son’s distinctive rhetoric? Lewalski noted the rhetorical similarity between the speeches of Satan and Jesus— Satan, she argued, tries to sound reasonable like the Son—but she made no connection to the style of the book of Job. Like Lewalski, Northrop Frye also noted the structural parallels between Paradise Regained and the book of Job. But when he turned to the Son’s strategy of quotation, he argued that Satan and Jesus’s ironic playing on the same words was sui generis. For Frye, the Son’s special dialectical skill was appropriate to his uniqueness as the incarnate Word. Most other critics, as far as I can tell, seem to agree.”

Kadir, Djelal. “Same Voices, Other Tombs: Structures of Mexican Gothic.” Studies in Twentieth and Twenty-First Century Literature 1, no. 1 (1976), article 4. https://doi. org/10.4148/2334-4415.1032. “Departing from Northrop Frye’s observation that archetypes are basically a problem of structure rather than historical origin, and, that there may be archetypes of genres as well as of images, the present essay attempts to decipher certain paradigmatic categories and structures which reveal the presence of the Gothic genre in the contemporary Mexican novel.” (from publisher’s abstract)

Kalugin, Dmitri. “Soviet Theories of Biography and the Aesthetics of Personality.” Biography 38, no. 3 (Summer 2015): 343–62. “The commitment of American New Critics to the autonomy of literature was similarly detrimental to the recognition of biography’s distinctive value. In René Wellek and Austin Warren’s Theory of Literature, the genre of biography is not discussed under the rubric of ‘Literary Genres,’ but instead dealt with cursorily in a chapter on the misuses of the biographical and psychologizing approaches to literature, where it is stated that most scholars have not perceived a ‘specifically literary’ quality in biographical narrative. Northrop Frye, for his part, does not even mention biography in Anatomy of Criticism, and would probably subsume it, alongside historiography, under the category of ‘descriptive pieces of writing’ which ‘survives by virtue of its “style,” or interesting verbal pattern, after its value as a representation of facts has faded.’”

Kadue, Katie. “Sustaining Fiction: Preserving Patriarchy in Marvell’s Upon Appleton House.” Studies in Philology 114, no. 3 (Summer 2017): 641–61. “An occasional reprieve from understanding things in straightforwardly patrilineal terms is necessary, Northrop Frye argues, for the reproduction of the heterosexual couple as an institution. In Frye’s schema, the child’s transition from his parental home to his own new household is

Kamčevski, Danko. ‘“Stars, hide your fires . . .’— A Study in Shakespeare’s Psychological Method.” Facta Universitatis: Linguistics and Literature 8, no. 2 (2010): 153–62. “Macbeth is a king among the men for his superb qualities both as a human and a soldier before he slays Duncan and seizes the throne; following that, he diminishes in both aspects, until he is reduced to a base murderer with no emotions whatsoever, shallow

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and unmoved to the extent of his great fall. This complies with Northrop Frye’s theory of tragedy, more specifically, the first phase of the tragic development of the hero, ‘in which the central character is given the greatest possible dignity in contrast to the other characters, so that we get a perspective of a stag pulled down by wolves. The sources of dignity are courage and innocence, and in this phase the hero or heroine usually is innocent.’” Kamczycki, Artur. “Herzl’s Image and the Messianic Idea.” Studia Judaica 36 (2015): 241–69. Notes that for Frye “the Jewish Messianic vision is often compared to historical, social and political utopia.” Kaminsky, Stuart M. “An Application of Northrop Frye’s Analytical Methods to Quiz and Game Shows.” In American Television Genres. Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1985. Chap. 5. Kansteiner, Wulf. “Success, Truth, and Modernism in Holocaust Historiography: Reading Saul Friedländer Thirty-Five Years after the Publication of Metahistory.” History and Theory 48, no. 2 (May 2009): 25–53. “Provides a close reading of Saul Friedlander’s exceptionally successful comprehensive history of the Holocaust from the theoretical perspective of Hayden White’s philosophy of history. . . . White probed the writings of nineteenth-century historians and philosophers, for instance Michelet and Marx, with narratological methods derived from Northrop Frye and others. White showed that the compelling visions of the past crafted by the early masters of the historical discipline were an effect of their idiosyncratic narrative styles.” Kantar, Dilek. “Tür Üzerine Kavramsal Bir Tanımlama Denemesi” [Towards a Conceptual Definition of Genre]. Dil Dergisi 123 (2004): 7–18. In Turkish. Comments on Frye’s theory of genre. Kaplan, Gregory B. The Origins of Democratic Zionism. London: Routledge, 2019. “Northrop Frye, the scholar who has most clearly defined the relationship between politics and a Church hierarchy that was codified in medieval Christian typology, describes the divine-right ruler as a form of Antichrist.” Karatani, Kōjin. Origins of Modern Japanese Literature. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1993. Argues that the Japanese novel cannot be judged on the basis of Frye’s theory of genres. Karlsen, Ståle. “Westernhelten som grensesprengende genrefigur i Cormac McCarthys Blood Meridian” [The Western Hero as a Pioneering Genre Figure in Cormac McCarthy’s Blood Meridian]. Norsk

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Litteratur­vitenskapelig Tidsskrift 2 (2004). In Norwegian. On Frye’s notion of the hero as applied to Cormac McCarthy’s Blood Meridian. Kastratdi, Nexhmije. “Theory of Criticism—On Modes and ‘Anatomy of Criticism’ according to Northrop Frye.” A brief account of Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers. cfm?abstract_id=3422042&download=yes. Katritzky, Linde. “Decoding Anonymous Texts: The Case of the Nightwatches of Bonaventura.” Monatshefte für Deutschsprachige Literatur und Kultur 95, no. 3 (Fall 2003): 442–57. On Nightwatches as a Menippean satire in Frye’s sense. –  “Defining the Genre of Bonaventura’s Nachtwachen.” German Life and Letters 52, no. 1 (January 1999): 13–27. Argues that the difficulties of the enigmatic text of the anonymous Nachtwachen tend to disappear when the text is considered as a Menippean satire as Frye and Bakhtin have defined the genre. Kattan, Naïm. Portraits d’un pays: Récits. Montréal: L’Hexagone, 1994. Portraits of Frye and others who marked the way of Kattan—author, novelist, essayist, and director of the Canada Council’s Arts and Publishing Service between 1967 and 1991. –  “La reception de l’oeuvre de Northrop Frye dans la Francophonie” [The Reception of Northrop Frye’s Work among Francophones]. In Verticals of Frye/ Les Verticales des Frye, ed. Ed Lemond. Moncton, NB: Elbow Press, 2005. 35–7. In French. Katz-Kimchi, Merav. “‘Singing the Strong Light Works of [American] Engineers’: Popular Histories of the Internet as Mythopoetic Literature.” Information & Culture 50, no. 2 (2015): 160–80. “Following the argument put forward by literary critic Northrop Frye and philosopher of history Hayden White, I suggest that popular histories of the Internet are technological romances. I will critically analyze their main characters, actions, plot, and underlying narrative. I aim to show that while these works present no novelty in their literary qualities and should be read in the light of older traditions narrating the heroic and adventurous enterprises of scientists and engineers, the authors reproduced but also twisted the older myths and traditions concerning engineers and scientists in popular culture.” Kaul, A.N. The Action of English Comedy. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1970. 18–23. Quarrels with Frye’s theory of New Comedy: “the interests of this comedy are not nearly as psychological and social as he suggests.” Also argues that Frye’s notion of the creation of a new

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society at the end of New Comedy plays will not stand up under scrutiny. Kauss, Saint-John. “Coin de l’histoire: Aimé Césaire ou l’extrême mélancolie du Nègre fundamental” [Corner of History: Aimé Césaire or the Extreme Melancholy of Black People]. Haiti Observateur 44, no. 37 (10–17 September 2014): 4, 13. In French. Kavanagh, James H. “Shakespeare in Ideology.” In Alternative Shakespeares, ed. John Drakakis. London: Methuen, 1985. 144–65. [164–5]. Takes issue with Frye’s claim that the only principles that concerned Shakespeare were those of dramatic structure. Kavanagh, Matt. “The Rise of English, Eh?” English Studies in Canada 34, no. 4 (2008): 7–10. Notes that it was Frye who came up with the acronym ACUTE for the Association of Canadian University Teachers of English. Kavanagh, P.J. “Words in the Mouth.” Spectator 260 (9 April 1988): 33. Uses Frye to support the claim that the schools are drawing too great a distinction between good speech and good writing. Kavitha, A. “Nature”—Not as a Monster but as a Reviver in Margaret Laurence’s Novels.” BODHI: International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Science 2, no. 11 (special issue) (March 2018): 61–3. Notes Frye’s argument that the response to the natural environment helps to shape a great deal of Canadian literature. Kawai, Shoichiro. “Some Japanese Shakespeare Productions in 2014–15.” Multicultural Shakespeare 14, no. 1 (2016): 13–28. “As Northrop Frye suggests, the theme of death and resurrection in Shakespeare’s early comedies anticipates later romance plays; or we may even say with Beatrice Groves that the theme of resurrection is generally prevalent in Shakespeare’s comedies.” Kawasaki, Toshihiko. “Criticism in America: Twentieth Century.” In History of English and American Literature 12, ed. Hideo Kano et al. Tokyo: Taishukan shoten, 1971. 305–8. In Japanese. –  “The Ruby and the Planetarium: The Formalism of Northrop Frye.” Eigo bungaku sekai [The English Literary World] 9 (December 1974): 2–6. In Japanese. Kawasaki, Toshihiko, et al. Perspectives on Contemporary Criticism. Tokyo: Gakusei-sha, 1974. 92–111 and passim. In Japanese. Kay, Andrew. “Swinburne, Impressionistic Formalism, and the Afterlife of Victorian Poetic Theory.” Victorian Poetry 51, no. 3 (Fall 2013): 271–95. “This essay is, above all, an attempt at reclaiming Swinburne as a critic: it

seeks to show how his critical writing, in its vision of poems as mythic-transcendent unities, exercized a palpable influence on Northrop Frye and I.A. Richards, and, through Richards, the American New Criticism.” (author’s summary) Kay, Barbara. “Barbara Kay on Northrop Frye: The Power of Myths in Shaping History.” National Post (8 August 2012). http://fullcomment.nationalpost. com/2012/08/08/barbara-kay-on-northrop-frye-thepower-of-myths-in-shaping-history/. Kayıntu, Ahmet. “Eleştiri, sekülerizm ve kültür” [Criticism, Secularism, and Culture]. Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi (BUSBED) 17 (2019): 254–88. In Turkish. Notes Frye’s argument in the “Tentative Conclusion” of Anatomy of Criticism about the revolutionary aspects of culture: historical criticism must always be corrected by ethical criticism. Kazhungil, Chitaranjan. “Northrop Frye: The Archetypes of Literature.” Blog. Kaźmierczak, Igor. “Satire in View of the Speech Act Theory.” Art Inquiry 14 (2012): 283–96. “In his famous Anatomy of Criticism, Northrop Frye made a remark which I would like to propose as a hypothesis elucidating the problem of the ‘inner form’ of satirical works. I am convinced that it shall gain legitimacy in view of my analyses. Frye argues that literature is not a collection of unrelated pieces but rather should be viewed ‘not only as complicating itself in time, but as spread out in conceptual space from some kind of center.’ He suggests the existence of archetypes, whose mutual dialectics is the source of all literature and which may be the basis for non-literary works as well. We can gain knowledge about these archetypes from studying myths or the Bible. Frye remarks that the confrontation between satire and human vices has an archetypal predecessor in the clash between David and Goliath— the latter standing for whatever is criticized.” Kee, James M. “Northrop Frye and the Poetry in Biblical Hermeneutics.” In Donaldson and Mendelson, Frye and the Word, 251–64, and in Kee, Northrop Frye and the Afterlife of the Word, 75–87. Seeks to validate Frye’s biblical hermeneutics, which is based on the metaphorical mode of language, by looking at the varied ways that Dante, Langland, and Milton interpret the Bible. Kee, James M., ed. “Introduction.” In Northrop Frye and the Afterlife of the Word. Semeia 89. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2002. Essays on Frye and the Bible by Robert Alter, Margaret Burgess, Patricia Demers, Michael Dolzani, David Gay, Joe Velaidum, and William

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Robins, and reponses to the essays by David Jobling, J. Russell Perkin, and Robert Cording. The eight essays were originally presented as papers at the conference “Frye and the Word” at McMaster University in May 2000. Keena, Justin. “What Kind of Book Is George Eliot’s Romola?” https://www.academia.edu/41255429/What_ Kind_of_Book_is_George_Eliots_Romola. Argues that the fictional form of Romola is what Frye defines as the anatomy. Keenan, Hugh. Review of A Feast of Creatures: AngloSaxon Riddle-Songs, by Craig Williamson. American Anthropologist 86, no. 2 (June 1984): 494. “In a misguided or myopic attempt to make significant this minor genre in Old English studies, Williamson invokes the 19th-century visionary spirit of Walt Whitman and 20th-century critical shamans such as Northrop Frye, Joseph Campbell, and Claude Lévi-Strauss.” Keener, Frederick M. “Transitions in Humphry Clinker.” In Studies in Eighteenth-Century Culture, vol. 18, ed. O.M. Brack, Jr. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1986. Keener’s argument derives from Frye’s “Towards Defining an Age of Sensibility.” Kehinde, Ayo. “Rulers against Writers, Writers against Rulers: The Failed Promise of the Public Sphere in Postcolonial Nigerian Fiction.” Africa Development/ Afrique et Développement 35, nos. 1–2 (2010): 27–53. Special Issue on Language, Literature and Power in the Public Sphere/Numéro spécial sur la langue, la littérature et le pouvoir dans l’espace public. “Do Nigerian writers attack institutions or the perversions of institutions? To Northrop Frye, the writer attacks primarily neither the man nor the institution; he only attacks an evil man who is given high stature and protected by the prestige of the institution. In Frye’s words, ‘the cowl might make the monk if it were not for the satirist.’” Keith, Jennifer. “Pre-Romanticism and the Ends of Eighteenth-Century Poetry.” In The Cambridge Companion to Eighteenth-Century Poetry, ed. John Sitter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. 271–89; orig. pub. 1956. Reassesses the influence of Frye, who initiated a still prevalent label, “the Age of Sensibility.” Stresses the importance of freeing the pre-Romantics from merely anticipating the Romantics, while appreciating what the Romantics learned from them. Keith, W.J. “Blight in the Bush Garden: Twenty Years of ‘CanLit.’” Essays on Canadian Writing 71 (Fall 2000): 71–8. An emigrant from Great Britain to Canada and a teacher of Canadian literature for twenty years describes

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the experience teaching the literature, focusing on the enthusiasm felt at the beginning of the teacher’s career and the faded feelings at the end. Topics include the influence of Frye’s The Bush Garden. –  Canadian Literature in English. London: Longman, 1985. 206. Brief commentary on Frye’s contribution to the study of nonfictional prose. Notes Frye’s important synthesizing work, as well as his criticism of Canadian literature. –  “Northrop Frye and the Bible: A Review Symposium.” University of Toronto Quarterly 52 (Winter 1982–3): 127. An introduction to the symposium essays on The Great Code by Louis Dudek, David L. Jeffrey, Emero Stiegman, and George Woodcock. –  “‘The Spiritual Secularized’: A Reading of Jeffery Donaldson’s ‘Museum.’” Canadian Poetry: Studies, Documents, Reviews 65 (Fall–Winter 2010): 65–76. Kelemen, Zoltán. “Posztmodern Biblia: Northrop Frye mítosz és metafora konstrukciójának kritikai megközelítése” [Postmodern Bible: A Critical Approach to the Construction of Northrop Frye on Myth and Metaphor]. In Northrop Frye 100: A Danubian Perspective, ed. Sára Tóth, Tibor Fabiny, János Kenyeres, and Péter Pásztor. Budapest: KGRE–L’Harmattan, 2014. 51–61. In Hungarian. An examination of what Frye means by myth in Anatomy of Criticism and The Great Code. Keleris, Argyrios. “Impasses Mineures: Palindromes de Todd Solondz—Aviva, Deleuze et la poétique de l’image stéréotypée” [Minor Impasses: Todd SolondzAviva’s Palindromes, Deleuze and the Poetics of the Stereotypical Image]. Canadian Journal of Film Studies 25 no. 2 (Fall 2016): 62–81. In French. “Northrop Frye and Stuart Kaminsky in the United States have opted for a relatively static definition of the film genre, based on thematic and narrative variations (considered superfluous) and a structure that remains essentially unchangeable.” Kellman, Tila. Figuring Redemption: Resighting My Self in the Art of Michael Snow. Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2002. Chapter 5 offers a critique of Frye’s notion of the garrison mentality as it applies to Snow. Kellogg, Ian. “Poetry and History.” Mill Woods United Church blog (19 November 2018). http://www. millwoodsunited.org/poetry-and-history/. On Frye’s view of whether the Bible is historically accurate. Kemme, Tom. Political Fiction, the Spirit of the Age, and Allen Drury. Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State

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University Press, 1987. Uses Frye’s generic conceptions of confession, romance, anatomy, and the novel to explain the different organizations of Drury’s novels. Kemp, Wolfgang. “Narrative.” In Critical Terms for Art History, 2nd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010. Illustrates the nature of narrative by focusing on the Moses story in the Book of Exodus. Devotes several paragraphs to the treatment of the Moses story in The Great Code. “Frye sees the new beginnings implicit in Exodus 3 as revolutionary, with still unresolved consequences for the thought of Judaism, Christianity, Islam, and Marxism.” Kendal, Evie. “Utopian Literature and Bioethics: Exploring Reproductive Difference and Gender Equality.” Literature and Medicine 36, no. 1 (Spring 2018): 56–84. “The significance of the author is also apparent in Northrop Frye’s account of the genre, in which he claims all utopias are satires of the writer’s own society.” Kendra, Milan. “Idylické ako symptóm (v naratívnej štruktúre textov slovenského literárneho realizmu)” [The Idyllic as a Symptom (in the Narrative Structure of Texts of Slovak Literary Realism)]. Slovenská literatúra 2 (2018): 116–29. In Slovak. Glances at Frye’s theory of modes. Keniston, Ann. “‘The fluidity of damaged form’: Apostrophe and Desire in Nineties Lyric.” Contemporary Literature 42, no. 2 (Summer 2001): 294– 324. On the relation of Frye’s view of the lyric poet’s “turning his back on the audience” to poems by Louise Glück and Frank Bidart. Kennedy, Alan. “Tietjens’ Travels: Parade’s End as Comedy.” Twentieth Century Literature: A Scholarly and Critical Journal 16, no. 2 (April 1970): 85–95. Shows that Forster’s novel has many of the characteristics of the comic mythos that Frye has established. Kennedy, Beverly. “Northrop Frye’s Theory of Genres and Sir Thomas Malory’s ‘Hoole Book.’” In The Spirit of the Court: Selected Proceedings of the Fourth Congress of the International Courtly Literature Society (Toronto 1983), ed. Glyn S. Burgess et al. Dover, NH: Burgess, 1985. 224–33. Examines Morte d’Arthur “in the context established by Frye’s literary theory, especially his theory of genres.” Kennedy, Duncan. “The ‘Presence’ of Roman Satire: Modern Receptions and Their Interpretative Implications.” In The Cambridge Companion to Roman Satire, ed. Kirk Freudenburg. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. 299–308.

Kennedy, George A. New Testament Interpretation through Rhetorical Criticism. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2014. “A particularly fine example of recent literary criticism is Northrop Frye’s The Great Code: The Bible and Literature. Frye freely admits the rhetorical qualities of the Bible: he says that its essential idiom is oratorical; he defines kerygma as mode of rhetoric; he notes the legal metaphor running throughout the Bible; and he gives the subtitle ‘Rhetoric’ to the culminating chapter of his book.” Kennedy, Philip F. Recognition in the Arabic Narrative Tradition: Discovery, Deliverance and Delusion. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2016. Kennedy’s analysis of A Thousand and One Nights aims “to show that aspects of the structural model of romance set out in Northrop Frye’s Secular Scripture are particularly felicitous in identifying features of this narrative with details of the genre to which it so transparently belongs. This is another way— in addition to its textual history—that the tale strides with generic confidence outside the margins of AraboIslamic culture. Romance, of which a recognition scene is such an important constituent element, is the genre of narrative art which Arabic literature appears most conspicuously to share with other cultural traditions.” Kennedy, Richard S. “Thomas Wolfe’s Fiction: The Question of Genre.” In Thomas Wolfe and the Glass of Time, ed. Paschal Reeves. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1971. Urges that Frye’s critical terminology be applied to lyric works of fiction in order to better describe their genre. Kennedy, Valerie. “Search of the ‘Imaginative Golden Age in Time or Space’: Narrative Form in Tanglewreck, Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, and The Golden Compass.” In Winterson Narrating Time and Space, ed. Margaret J-M Sönmez and Mine Özyurt Kiliç. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2009. 139–53. Kennedy, Victor. “Critical, Cultural and Multimodal Approaches to Using Song as Literature in Language Learning.” Libri & Liberi: Časopis za istraživanje dječje književnosti i culture 2 (2014): 295–310. In Croatian. Quotes Frye on the value of teaching the three “R’s.” –  Strange Brew: Metaphors of Magic and Science in Rock Music. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2013. Frye showed how the Greek, Roman, Norse, and Hebrew myths were the foundation of modern literature. Kenny, Robert Wade. “A Cycle of Terms Implicit in the Idea of Medicine: Karen Ann Quinlan as a

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Rhetorical Icon and the Transvaluation of the Ethics of Euthanasia.” Health Communication 17, no. 1 (2005): 19–39. Examines competing characterizations of Karen Ann Quinlan’s life and the role these characterizations played in shaping public attitudes toward euthanasia and medicine in America. Towards this end, draws on Burke’s cycle of terms and Frye’s narrative categories. –  “The Good, the Bad, and the Social: On Living as an Answerable Agent.” Sociological Theory 25, no. 3 (September 2007): 268–93. Imagination “is the faculty we use to envision how our social performance appears to others. It is, in particular, what Northrop Frye characterizes as a concerned imagination meaning that it is an imagination regulated by reasonable constraints, reflecting upon acts for which we might be legitimately held answerable, not dwelling upon the sort of anxieties that have their roots in neurotic fixation. The ability to exercise a concerned imagination allows social agents to develop the specific capacities necessary in order to be answerable, which include talents for discernment, comprehension, habilitation, and discrimination.” –  “Resituating Rhetoric, Philosophy, and Poetics through the Call of Conscience: Michael J. Hyde on Heidegger and Levinas.” Quarterly Journal of Speech 88, no. 2 (May 2002): 245–64. A book review of Michael J. Hyde’s The Call of Conscience: Heidegger and Levinas, Rhetoric and the Euthanasia Debate. In addressing the question, what is the true nature of rhetorical activity? Kenny appeals to the authority of The Well-Tempered Critic, Frye’s handbook on rhetoric, a half-dozen times, as well as to four of Frye’s other books. –  “Thinking about Rethinking Life and Death: The Character and Rhetorical Function of Dramatic Irony in a Life Ethics Discourse.” Rhetoric & Public Affairs 6, no. 4 (2003): 657–86. Uses Frye’s account of the several modes of writing (conceptual, descriptive, poetic) in order to scrutinize the ethical arguments of Peter Singer’s Rethinking Life and Death. –  “Truth as Metaphor: Imaginative Vision and the Ethos of Rhetoric.” In The Ethos of Rhetoric, ed. Michael J. Hyde et al. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2004. 37–55. On Frye’s view that imaginative vision is the fundamental feature of human experience for Blake and the significance of such vision for rhetorical theory and practice. Also remarks on the teleological thrust of Frye’s criticism and his view of existential metaphor. Kent, Thomas L. “The Classification of Genres.” Genre 16 (Spring 1983): 1–20 [2–6]. An analysis and critique of Frye’s theory of genre, which, because it rests on

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the psychological and anthropological principle of wish-fulfilment, “does not adequately describe the formal conventions of a specific genre, nor does it explain how different conventions function together to generate new genres.” Within the context of archetypal criticism, “Frye’s model is unsurpassed.” But because it fails to account for both generic synchronicity and diachronicity, it is incomplete. Kenyeres, János. “Imaginative Spaces in Northrop Frye’s Thought.” In Imaginative Spaces: Canada in the European Mind, Europe in the Canadian Mind. Ed. J. Molnár. Brno: Masaryk University. 135–44. –  “An Investigation into T.S. Eliot’s ‘Impossibly Fertile Paternity’: Northrop Frye.” Hungarian Journal of English & American Studies 6, no. 2 (Fall 2000): 35–45. On the intellectual connections between Frye and Eliot. –  “Kerygma, Concern and Literature: Northrop Frye and the Bible.” AnaChronist (1999): 177–200. –  “The Mild Voice of Authority: Some Features of Northrop Frye’s Language.” In Canada and the Millennium: Proceedings of the 2nd Canadian Studies Conference in Central Europe. Budapest: Eötvös Loránd University and the Hungarian Canadianists’ Association, 1999. 131–40. Argues that Frye’s critical language both derives from and reflects his literary theory and his own conception of language. –  “Northrop Frye and Contemporary Literary Theory.” AnaChronist (1998): 248–66. –  “Northrop Frye as Creative Writer: The Creative Imagination in Northrop Frye’s Work.” In Northrop Frye 100: A Danubian Perspective, ed. Sára Tóth, Tibor Fabiny, János Kenyeres, and Péter Pásztor. Budapest: KGRE–L’Harmattan, 2014. 222–35. On the relationship between Frye’s own efforts at fiction and his critical views, which are characterized by a high degree of creativity. Kerby-Fulton, Kathryn. “‘Something Fearful’: Medievalist Scholars on the ‘Religious Turn.’” Religion & Literature 42, nos. 1–2 (2010): 5–22. In a volume of essays in which the contributors were asked to write about how faith had influenced their professional life, Frye is brought forth as an exemplary figure—one whose attachments to the United Church of Canada were longstanding and deep, and whose final contribution was his two volumes on the Bible. Kerfoot, Brandon. Canadian Literature 230–1 (Autumn 2016): 162–76. “Seth Bovey analyzes Harpoon in relation to naturalism and the quest narrative in Markoosie’s Harpoon of the Hunter: A Story of Cultural Survival.

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Explicitly identifying the story as a piece of fiction that cannot be reduced to an expression of Inuit tradition, Bovey turns to Northrop Frye’s delineation of the romantic quest narrative to make sense of Kamik’s ordeals. Bovey’s reading of Harpoon indeed treats it as fiction, yet it complements McGrath’s and Stott’s analyses with an inverse problem by avoiding Inuit literary history, relying instead on the frameworks of prominent settler critics like Frye. Scholarship on Harpoon has historically fallen into these categories, either reading the text ethnographically without accounting for its fictional elements, or reading it as fiction but contextualizing it within settler Canadian literary traditions.” Kermode, Frank. “The Children of Concern.” English Studies in Canada 19 (June 1993): 195–9. A review of Myth and Metaphor and Words with Power. Remarks on Frye’s sublime prophetic seriousness, his understanding of ideology and concern, his view of language, and the “systematic virtuosity” of the last half of Words with Power. –  “Frank Kermode” [an interview with Kermode]. In Salusinszky, Criticism in Society, 100–21 [105–8]. Responds to questions about his own estimate of Frye’s work: he “is certainly the finest prose writer among modern critics. . . . Not much that he’s done since Anatomy of Criticism has interested me very much, because the great mass of it was filling in the detail [of that book], or developing the themes in different areas.” Comments also on Frye’s views on the experience of reading and value judgments. –  “Marshy Margins.” London Review of Books 18, no. 15 (1 August 1996): 14. Compares Margaret Anne Doody’s The True Story of the Novel with Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism. –  “Northrop Frye and the Bible.” In Lombardo, Ritratto, 105–20; rpt. in Omnium Gatherum: Essays for Richard Ellmann, ed. Susan Dick et al. Gerrard’s Cross, Buckinghamshire: Colin Smythe, 1989. 71–9. To Frye’s “powerful and original book,” The Great Code, Kermode has two principle objections: (1) “a system, if it is to be truly inclusive, will distort detail” and (2) “the contrary movement of Frye’s speculation—on the one hand the desire to recover numinous metaphorical compaction, to roll the universe up into one ball, and on the other the unrestricted proliferation of auxiliary systematic patterns—is often quite beautiful and entertaining, but never compels belief.” Thinks that Frye’s system may become primary rather than secondary writing, not unlike the systems of Joachim, Blake, and Yeats.

–  Reply to a questionnaire. American Scholar 34 (Summer 1965): 484. A response to the question: “To what book published in the past ten years do you find yourself going back—or thinking back—most often?” Kermode’s reply: “Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism, I think, would be my choice because of the amount of positive thinking I had to do in order to resist it. Frye offers you the choice of thinking him entirely right or entirely wrong. I choose the second alternative, but pay my respects to the best mind in the business except for William Empson’s.” –  “Spenser and the Allegorists.” Proceedings of the British Academy: 1962. London: Published for the British Academy by Oxford University Press, 1963. 261–79. Rpt. in Kermode, Shakespeare, Spenser, Donne. New York: Viking Press, 1971. 12–32. Criticizes the mythicarchetypal approach to The Faerie Queene. Objects to Frye’s emphasizing radical myths and literary types at the expense of historical context and to his reducing Spenser’s poem to a biblical quest romance. Myths “are, of course, to be found in the poem, and at the present moment they confer prestige; but much damage may be done in the process of isolating them in all their primitive glory.” Kernan, Alvin B. The Imaginary Library: An Essay on Literature and Society. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1982. 25. Describes and then rejects Frye’s view that “literature originates in a mysterious quality of mind itself.” –  In Plato’s Cave. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999. “Literature, in its parts and in its totality was . . . for Frye humanity’s link to god, and its primary symbols reveal the things the soul desires—the lamb and garden—and those that it fears—the tiger and the city of dreadful night. Kerr, Elizabeth M. “As I Lay Dying as an Ironic Quest.” Wisconsin Studies in Contemporary Literature 3 (1962): 5–19. Sees Faulkner’s novel as consistently embodying ironic parallels to Frye’s conception of romance. Kerr, Jonathan. “‘Immense Worlds’: Blake’s Infinite Human Form.” Philological Quarterly 97, no. 1 (Winter 2018): 55–72. “Blake draws on a range of ideas both scientific and mystic as he attempts to render the infinite through Milton’s visionary and intersubjective levels of experience. Scholars from Northrop Frye to Mark Lussier have recovered the experimental science bearing on Milton’s cosmic voyage.” Kertzer, Jonathan. Poetic Justice and Legal Fictions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Relies on a number of literary theorists, but the argument of the

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book as a whole is structured by the generic distinctions of Anatomy of Criticism. Keshen, Richard. “Metaphor and the Good Life: Northrop Frye, Cynthia Ozick” (4 March 2015). http:// cbucommons.ca/rkeshen/student-handout/ (Seminar for Humanities 101, Richard Keshen, Cape Breton University). Kessler, Martin. “A Methodological Setting for Rhetorical Criticism.” In Art and Meaning: Rhetoric in Biblical Literature, ed. David J.A. Clines et al. Sheffield, UK: JSOT Press, 1982. 1–19 [5–7]. In a survey of rhetorical approaches to biblical literature, glances at Frye’s classification of genres in Anatomy of Criticism and comments on his view of the Bible as a single archetypal structure. Concludes that Frye’s understanding of rhetorical criticism “is difficult to relate to what this method is understood to mean by biblical scholars.” –  “Paganism: A Historical Perspective.” Seminary Ridge Review 5, no. 1 (Autumn 2002): 19. In discussing the tree of fate in Germanic mythology, says that it is, “as Northrop Frye writes, a ‘world tree,’ sometimes identified with the tree of life, a kind of axis mundi, the vertical perspective of the mythical universe. It stands ‘somewhere,’ meaning ‘everywhere.’ It represents changing reality, a consideration of the dark side of things. It carries ‘power.’” Ketterer, David. “New Worlds for Old: The Apocalyptic Imagination, Science Fiction, and American Literature.” Mosaic 5 (Fall 1971): 37–57 [43–5]. Rpt. in Ketterer, New Worlds for Old. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1974. 3–19 [10–11]. A brief look at Frye’s use of the word “apocalypse,” against which Ketterer develops his own, somewhat broader definition of the apocalyptic imagination. Ketterer, Robert C. “Neoplatonic Light and Dramatic Genre in Busenello’s L’Incoronazione di Poppea and Noris’s Il Ripudio D’Ottavia.” Music & Letters 80 (1999): 1–22. Applies Frye’s critical method to L’incoronazione di Poppea.

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theories of the imagination, identity, and desire, in the form of an epistolary narrative addressed to Frye himself. The imaginary writer, “Virginia Cousins,” recounts her efforts to understand her own life through Frye’s principles of romance. But she fails, and so she concludes, having lost her senses and her virginity, that all romantic literature and criticism should be burned. Khalidi, Tarif. Review of Medieval Arabic Historiography: Authors as Actors by Konrad Hirschler. American Historical Review 114, no. 3 (June 2009): 868–9. “Konrad Hirschler’s book belongs to this new wave of work by scholars who seek to apply Western literary analysis theories to the field of pre-modern Arabic historiography. In Hirschler’s case, the primary intellectual influences are clear and acknowledged: Hayden White and Northrop Frye. Hirschler admits that their methodologies have their limitations, but nevertheless he argues, and I would agree with him, that we have much to learn if we apply their methods to this field. His other interpretative strategy, quite distinct from the first, derives from what he calls the ‘concept of networks,’ which supposedly helps to clarify the social environment of the historians studied. This seems to me less fruitful as a strategy than the first.” Khalis, Abdus Salam. “Quest for Literary Selfhood in Contemporary Canadian English Literature.” Dialogue (Pakistan) 12, no. 2 (30 June 2017): 149–70. Frye’s role in Canadian criticism is noted throughout. “His impact and popularity testify to the fact that unlike the traditional pattern of critic-author relationship in which the latter conceives and creates while the former engages in a responsive debate, in the contemporary Canadian literary scenario critics have the potential as well as the power to play a leading and steering role in many respects.” Khan, Almas. “Between the Acts: A Modernist Meditation on Language, Origin Narratives, and Art’s Efficacy on the Cusp of the Apocalypse.” English Academy Review 31, no. 2 (July 2014): 108–24.

Keturakis, Saulius. “‘McLuhan Inc.’: Kaip Jam Tai Pavyko” [McLuhan, Inc.’: How Did He Do It?”] Logos 90 (2017): 71–81. In Lithuanian. According to Frye, McLuhan “disappeared as an author. McLuhan sought to make an effective influence on the reader. In that way he transformed himself into a sort of Mass Media Company.” (author’s abstract)

Khan, Amir. “Farming Out Resentment: Up in the Air.” Comedies of Nihilism: The Representation of Tragedy Onscreen. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. 29–50. Relies heavily on Frye throughout, especially his view of the comedic. Inquires as to whether Jason Reitman’s film Up in the Air is a comedy in Frye’s sense.

Kevan, Martin. “St. Agnes’ Eve; or, Criticism Becomes Part of Literature.” Essays on Canadian Writing 35 (Winter 1987): 37–56. An ironic account of Frye’s

–  “Ostensive Dreams and Declarative Nightmares: Northrop Frye, Marshall McLuhan and George Grant.” Anthropoetics 22, no. 2 (Spring 2017): 1–2. Examines

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Frye’s understanding of metaphoric and metonymic language.

–  “Northrop Frye.” Monthly Literary History 2, no. 12 (December 1969): 180–8. In Korean.

Khan, Shahab Yar. “Illuminationist Features of Shakespearean Drama.” Znakovi vremena—Časopis za filozofiju, religiju, znanost i društvenu praksu 67 (2015): 159–66. In Croatian. On Frye’s conception of the poet, taken from The Educated Imagination.

Kim, Byong-guk. “Some Optimistic Visions in Korean Classical Literature.” Seoul Journal of Korean Studies 2 (1989): 23–30. Kim gives a full summary account of Frye’s four mythoi, which he then applies to classical Korean novels.

Kidder, Paul. “Northrop Frye, Soren Kierkegaard, and Kerygma: On the Relationship between Biblical Metaphors, Literal Readings of the Bible and Life in the Spirit.” Ultimate Reality and Meaning 31, no. 4 (2008): 284–98.

Kim, Jun-oo. “The Influence of Northrop Frye’s Theory of Genres on Korean Literary Genres.” Journal of Korean Literature Review 42 (2006): 281–317. In Korean.

Kiefer, Frederick. “‘Accidental Judgments’ and ‘Casual Slaughters’ in Hamlet: Horatio’s Eyewitness Account.” Shakespeare Studies 45 (2017): 184–202. Quotes with approval Frye’s notion that by the end of Hamlet we may feel that the play belongs to Horatio. Kilbourn, Elizabeth. “The Arts Conference.” Canadian Forum 41 (June 1961): 52–3. An account of Frye’s speech to the Canadian Conference on the Arts, 4 May 1961. Frye “spoke with that olympian splendor which marks him as Canada’s first social philosopher and critic. . . . His discussion of the arts as the means of giving the imagination its proper central place in society was majestic in conception.” Frye’s speech was published as “Academy without Walls.” Kilian, Crawford. “The Cheerful Inferno of James de Mille.” Journal of Canadian Fiction 1, no. 3 (1972): 61–7. Argues that critics have misunderstood de Mille’s A Strange Manuscript Found in a Copper Cylinder, but that its structure and intent become clear if it is considered to be what Frye calls the Menippean satire or anatomy. –  “Northrop Frye on the Bible and Literature.” Writing Fiction (2011). https://crofsblogs.typepad.com/ fiction/2011/12/northrop-frye-on-the-bible-andliterature.html. “I’ve just learned about an amazing opportunity for writers. Next year is the centenary of the birth of Northrop Frye, and the University of Toronto is celebrating by putting online Northrop Frye on the Bible and Literature: videotaped lectures he gave in 1982–83, and that later became The Great Code and Words with Power. I am making a fuss about this because Northrop Frye set me on my course as a writer.” Kim. “Frye, Northrop.” Monthly Literary History 3, no. 1 (January 1970): 149–57. In Korean. –  “Literary Mythology / Northrop Frye.” Monthly Literary History 2, no. 11 (November 1969): 263–71. In Korean.

Kim, Myung Joo. “In Northrop Frye’s Case, the Crisis of Literature and the Defense of Literature Is at Stake.” Journal of English Language and Literature/Yongo Yongmunhak 45, no. 2 (1999): 295–309. In Korean. –  “Northrop Frye as a Critic of Christianity.” Daejeon College Collection 23 (December 1997): 83–90. Kim, Seong-kon. “The Fallacy of Hasty Generalization, Stereotyping” (10 February 2010). http://useoul.edu/ snunews?bm=p&bbsidx=71903&print=yes. “Hasty generalizations can be found even in eminent scholars’ writings. In his seminal book Anatomy of Criticism, for example, Northrop Frye wrote: ‘Oriental fiction does not, so far as I know, get very far away from mythical and romantic formulas.’ An Asian novelist or scholar would immediately object to Frye’s mistaken generalization; perhaps Frye was thinking of stories such as Arabian Nights, but surely not all Oriental fiction is mythical and romantic.” Kim, Seong-kyu. “The Narration and Dissolution and Overthrow of Reality in the Poetry of Ji-woo Hwang.” Chung Cheon Mun Hwa Yon Gu 11 (2013): 45–80. Uses Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism, especially his theory of irony and satire, to examine Hwang Ji-woo’s ideas about composing poems and his sense of direction. Kim, Swan. “Beyond Allegory: Absurdity, Paranoia, and the Diasporic Identity in Hualing Nieh’s Mulberry and Peach: Two Women of China.” Pennsylvania Literary Journal 9, no. 1 (Spring 2017): 71–90. Uses Frye’s theory of irony and paradox to examine the absurd in Nieh’s novel. Kim, Juna, and Su-Jin Kim. “A Study of the Participatory Culture of Korean Webtoons, Focusing on User Generated Images.” Cartoon and Animation Studies 44 (2016): 307–31. Part 3 notes that most of the usergenerated images in webtoons (South Korean comics published online) mimic the main character of the original webtoon. Analyses the underlying desire of the mass audience in terms of Frye’s literary theory.

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Kimball, Roger. “The Ambiguities of Milan Kundera.” New Criterion 38, no. 6 (February 2020). “The essential appeal of the sentimental is precisely that it relieves one of the burdens of individuality and the responsibilities of adult experience. As the literary critic Northrop Frye observed, sentimentality ‘resists, as a child would do, the inexorable advance of all experience in time, which it tries to arrest by nostalgia. . . . Sentimentality is the subjective equivalent of the mob’s stock response to mood.’ It is a version of sentimentality that Kundera explores in The Book of Laughter and Forgetting under the name of circle dancing. ‘Circle dancing’ is his metaphor for the intoxicating lure of the group, the mob, what Frye calls the stock response.” Kimbrough, Robert. Review of Frye’s “Nature and Nothing” in Essays on Shakespeare, ed. Gerald W. Chapman. Shakespeare Quarterly 19, no. 1 (Winter 1968): 91–2. Frye “presents us with a picture of Shakespeare’s whole world, the details of which are more plenteous than are Heilman’s, but the total effect is not nearly so stimulating. Why this should be so probably lies more in the manner of presentation than in the thesis, which is the timeless one that Shakespeare’s world—in all its aspects, historic, comic, and tragic—runs along Fortune’s path, encompassing higher nature and lower, vision and experience, Sidney’s golden world and brazen, or, as Frye states in his title, ‘Nature and Nothing.’” Kincaid, James R. “Coherent Readers, Incoherent Texts.” Critical Inquiry 3 (Summer 1977): 781–802. Argues that Frye’s generic distinctions “are made only to show how they are not observed.” Maintains that all of Frye’s narrative patterns can be found in a novel such as Wuthering Heights but that, because there is no way of coordinating them, generic incoherence becomes the structural principle of such novels. For a response to this essay, see Denham, “The No-Man’s Land of Competing Patterns,” above. Kincaid, Paul. “Notes on Northrop Frye’s Theory of Genres.” Through the Dark Labyrinth (8 March 2014). http://ttdlabyrinth.wordpress.com/2014/03/08/noteson-northrop-fryes-theory-of-genres/#more-772. “Three years ago, almost to the day, Maureen Kincaid Speller and I had lunch with Niall Harrison, Jonathan McCalmont and Paul Graham Raven. During the course of the lunch, Maureen mentioned that she was reading Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism. The upshot was, we decided to read the book together, and take turns blogging about it. The first three parts of this exercise were published on Maureen’s blog, Paper Knife: Maureen on ‘Polemical Introduction’; Paul Graham

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Raven on ‘First Essay: Historical Criticism; Theory of Modes’; and Niall Harrison on ‘Second Essay: Ethical Criticism: Theory of Symbols.’ For various reasons, the exercise ground to a halt at that point. But I have just unearthed my own notes on Fourth Essay: Rhetorical Criticism: Theory of Genres, and thought it worthwhile presenting them here.” –  Review of The Anatomy of Utopia: Narration, Estrangement and Ambiguity in More, Wells, Huxley and Clarke: Critical Explorations in Science Fiction and Fantasy, by Károly Pintér. Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts 22, no. 3 (2011): 430–4. “I found [Károly] Pintér’s arguments about the literary nature of Utopias and his subsequent close readings of four exemplary texts to be convincing, at least in general. . . Pintér bases his theoretical position firmly on the work of Northrop Frye. Frye argued in Anatomy of Criticism that there was a fundamental generic difference between the novel and what he called the Menippean satire, and Pintér picks up on this distinction and argues that Utopian fiction in particular, and sf more generally, fall into the latter category. I am always uncomfortable with such categorizations; the more we study literature, it seems to me, the more we find that texts tend to cross boundaries rather than falling neatly into categories. Nevertheless, this seems to me to be a useful approach to the subject, so long as we take it with a pinch of salt, and Pintér uses it as an effective way in to look at what Utopian fiction needs to do differently from, for example, the mimetic novel.” –  “Utopia in Context.” Foundation 45, no. 124 (2016): 5–18. “Many aspects of Utopian daily life would have been familiar to More’s contemporaries precisely because they copied a pattern of life that had indeed been in place since time immemorial: the monasteries. As Northrop Frye has observed: ‘the monastic community, though not intended as a utopia, has some utopian characteristics. Its members spend their whole time within it; individual life takes its pattern from the community; certain activities of the civilized good life, farming, gardening, reclaiming land, copying manuscripts, teaching, form part of its structure.’” King, Jason. “Prefiguring the Peaceable Kingdom: The Construction of Counter Revolutionary Sentiment in Irish-Canadian Romantic Verse and Prose.” Canadian Journal of Irish Studies 31, no. 1 (2005): 38–44. “Focuses, in particular, on Anne Chetwode’s previously unknown novel The Young Reformers (1829), which renders explicit the interconnection between the protagonist’s appreciation of the Canadian natural setting, his internalization of a Romantic aesthetic, and the pacification of his former revolutionary political beliefs.

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Thus, what each of these Irish prose and verse travel narratives have in common is their propensity to invest a pastoral vision of the Canadian wilderness with a conservative political ethos, one that is predicated upon the renunciation of ancestral grievances and vestigial quarrels which Northrop Frye has termed ‘the quest for the peaceable kingdom.’” (from author’s abstract) Kingswell, Mark. “Justice Denied.” Walrus 5, no. 1 (January–February 2008): 58–65. “The hucksters and tourism shills tell us that Toronto is an intellectual city, a city of ideas. Even as I write, its expansive creative class is busy racking up the social capital we’re told is essential to postmodern civic success. In one sense, this is hardly news. The year I arrived at the University of Toronto, 1980, Marshall McLuhan died. His influence was so pervasive that his physical existence had been rendered almost superfluous, a development he would have appreciated. Harold Innis, less well known but arguably more brilliant, had tracked the change, already well under way, of Canada from being a resource basket to a linked series of communications nodes held together by thought. Northrop Frye was still lecturing and would last another decade. All of them had long since put Toronto on any map of ideas worth consulting, long before newsmagazine polls and website ratings.” –  What Are Intellectuals For?” Queen’s Quarterly 118, no. 1 (Spring 2011): 4–63. Includes Frye on his list of Canadian intellectuals. The others: Marshall McLuhan, Glen Gould, Charles Taylor, George Grant, George Woodcock, Jane Jacobs, Margaret Atwood, Harold Innis, and Michael Ignatieff. Quotes Frye’s The Modern Century throughout. Kiniry, Malcolm. “Recent Books on Shakespearean Comedy.” In Shakespearean Comedy, ed. Maurice Charney. New York: New York Literary Forum, 1980. 281. Reviews eight books. Frye’s influence on the criticism of Shakespearean comedy is shown to be continuing throughout the 1970s. On the influence of Frye’s Shakespearean criticism, see also Charney’s “Preface,” ix. Kinjo, Seiki. “The Winter’s Tale: Wonder out of Woe.” English Review 16 (December 2001): 125–42. Explores the theme of reversion in The Winter’s Tale through what Frye called its diptych structure. In Japanese. Kintner, Amy. “Back to the Garden Again: Joni Mitchell’s ‘Woodstock’ and Utopianism in Song.” Popular Music 35, no. 1 (January 2016): 1–22. “Joni Mitchell indicates that she, like fellow Canadian folk singers Gordon Lightfoot and Neil Young, may have felt that ‘it was

kind of silly . . . to write protest songs, being a Canadian. After all, people could say, What the hell is a Canadian doing protesting against an American problem? Mitchell, along with Young and many others, had relocated to the United States because the opportunities for discovery there vastly outweighed those available in Canada. As she lived longer on American soil, she inevitably became more entwined with the country’s population, its problems and its politics. The resultant mindset—derived from her frequent travel between the two countries—is something Canadian literary scholar Northrop Frye defines as integral to Canadian national identity.” Kirkham, Michael. Review of John Fraser’s The Name of Action: Critical Essays. University of Toronto Quarterly 56 (Fall 1986): 122–3. Agrees with Fraser’s judgment that Frye’s criticism is a mistaken failure and complacently irresponsible. Kirwan, Michael. “Three Critics: Frye, Kermode, and Steiner.” In Poetry and the Religious Imagination: The Power of the Word, ed. Francesca Bugliani Knox and David Lonsdale. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2015. 14–19. On the dialogue between religion and poetry in Frye’s critical vision. Kisantal, Tamás. “TörtéNet –  elmélet—Gondolatok a történelem nem narrativista Elképzeléséről” [Theory of History (Thoughts on a Non-Narrativist View of History)]. AETAS - Történettudományi folyóirat 1 (2012): 198–214. In Hungarian. Notes the narrative typology of the Bible as promulgated by Frye and Hayden White. Kiss, Atilla, and Sándor Kovács. “Rend a káoszban” [Order in Chaos]. Idő nélküli világ [A World without Time]. Supplement to vol. 9 of Harmadkor. Szeged, Hungary: József Attila University, 1988, 46–51. In Hungarian. An afterword to a collection of Frye’s essays. The authors provide an introduction to the Anatomy and contend that Frye has created a “culture theory as metacriticism.” Kiss, Daniel. Modeling Post-Socialist Urbanization: The Case of Budapest. Basel: Birkhauser Verlag GmbH, 2018. “In his Tropics of Discourse Hayden White discusses differences between ‘historical theory’ and ‘speculative philosophy of history’—also known as ‘metahistory,’ a term coined by the Canadian literary theorist Northrop Frye. The ‘proper historian’ seeks to explain what happened in the past by providing a clear and accurate reconstruction of the events. Thus, in historical research the reconstruction of objective facts clearly precedes interpretation. In the ‘metahistorian’s’ work, by contrast, explanatory and interpretive aspects

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

of the narrative run together. Such a work offers both a represenation of what happened and an explanation of why it happened as it did. White follows by stating that, in his point of view, ‘there can be no proper history without the presupposition of a full-blown metahistory by which to justify those interpretive strategies necessary for the representation of a given segment of the historical process.’” Kizer, Carolyn. “Pakistan Journal.” In Carrying Over. Port Townsend, WA: Copper Canyon Press, 1988. 58. “The conference opened officially this morning, with a brilliant address by Northrop Frye. He spoke of the unexpected and astonishing rebirth of the oral tradition in modern Western literature, and how it has invalidated some aspects of the old New Criticism. The speech was a superb bridge between the preoccupations of the Eastern and Western literary worlds represented here: ‘All change takes the form of the recovery of some neglected aspect of tradition.’ ‘Myths are culturally rooted, while folk tales are nomadic.’ ‘Where myth exists, a magic circle is drawn around society.’ ‘Literature is born of a specific culture and a specific locale.’ Each one of these themes would serve for meditation on the present and future direction of Asian literature.” The address referred to, “Tradition and Change in the Theory of Criticism,” was presented by Frye at the eleventh triennial congress of the Fédération Internationale des Langues et Littératures Modernes, Islamabad, Pakistan, 20 September 1969. Kizuk, Alexander. “‘Mutual Provisionality’: Plurality and the Other in Canadian Cultural Theory.” Essays on Canadian Writing 61 (Spring 1997): 104–24. Traces the evolutions of Canadian cultural theory in the context of self and other, plurality and alterity and in the context of the work of Frye, McLuhan, Innis, and Linda Hutcheon, among others. Klapcsik, Sándor. “Mythical Journeys in Agatha Christie’s Crooked House and Ordeal by Innocence.” In Northrop Frye 100: A Danubian Perspective, ed. Sára Tóth, Tibor Fabiny, János Kenyeres, and Péter Pásztor. Budapest: KGRE–L’Harmattan, 2014. 247–57. Interprets two of Agatha Christie’s detective novels from the perspective of Frye’s ideas of the hero’s circular or spiral journey. Klawans, Stuart. “Bamboozled.” The Nation 271, no. 14 (6 November 2000): 34–6. On Spike Lee’s film as a Menippean satire in Frye’s sense. Klein, Michael L. “Ironic Narrative, Ironic Reading.” Journal of Music Theory 53, no. 1 (2009): 95–136. Discusses irony both as a narrative archetype in tonal music and as an interpretative strategy on the part of

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the listener. Beginning with a discussion of Frye’s four mythoi, gives a semiotic interpretation of the archetypes by James Liszka and an application of that work for music analysis by Byron Almén. Argues that ironic narratives in tonal music often take as their premise a topical field associated with romance or comedy that leads to an unexpected failure. Also claims that our interpretation of musical narratives must be invested in the semantic level (topics, codes, conventions, genres) as well as the syntactic one (harmony, voice leading). The four archetypes function as structures of the musical text and as master signifiers that the listener uses to organize an interpretation. As such, the archetypes function as ideologies of the musical text and as ideologies of the reader. Illustrates these ideas with analyses of Chopin’s Nocturne in B, op. 32/1, Chopin’s Second Ballade, and Brahms’s Rhapsody in E-flat, op. 119/4. Klik, Marcin. Teorie mitu: Współczesne literaturoznawstwo francuskie (1969–2010) [Theories of Myth: French Literary Studies]. Warsaw: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, 2016. In Polish. Contains sections entitled “Powstawanie rodzajów i gatunków literackich—teorie Northropa Frye’a i Pierre’a Brunela”; “Pojęcie archetypu w pracach Maud Bodkin i Northropa Frye’a”; and “Mit według Northropa Frye’a” [Formation of Literary Genres and the Genre-Theories of Northrop Frye and Pierre Brunel; The Concept of Archetype in the Works of Maud Bodkin and Northrop Frye; and Myth according to Northrop Frye]. Klonowska, Barbara. “Romance as a Remedy for History: Robert McLiam Wilson’s Eureka Street.” Roczniki Humanistyczne 5 (2013): 251–65. “The novels of Walter Scott, usually considered the founding texts of the historical novel as a genre, are classified as historical romances and their duality, the striking combination on the one hand of fantasy, and historical veracity on the other, is emphasised by virtually every study of Scott. Nor does the affinity between historical novel and romance stop with Scott: Northrop Frye claims that ‘the general principle [is] that most ‘historical novels’ are romances.” “Characterisation and the introduction of stylised, larger than life characters are singled out by Northrop Frye as the essential defining feature of the romance.” Kłobukowski, Miłosz. “Czy w czasach ‘posthumanistyki’ można uprawiać antropologię literatury?” [Can the Anthropology of Literature Be Practised in the Times of “Post-Humanities”?] Studia Norwidiana 30 (2012): 254–67. In Polish. Says that Frye, one of fathers of literary anthropology, understood criticism to be a

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form of reaching out so as to view the literary text in the presence of the entire body of literature. Kłos, Aniata. “Onions Strung on the Spire, or What You Can See in the Polish Translation of Italo Calvino’s Invisible Cities. Przekładaniec 35 (2017): 39–56. “In the Polish translation of Anna Wasilewska this lecture is titled ‘Transparency.’ Released in 1988, the year after the unexpected death of the writer, the volume contains texts that Calvino intended to deliver in the academic year 1985/1986 as part of the Charles Eliot Norton Poetry Lectures at Harvard University, joining to such celebrities as T.S. Eliot, Erwin Panofsky, Jorge Luis Borges, Northrop Frye or Frank Stella.” Knapek, Ryszard. Tropy sekularyzacji w prozie dwudziestolecia międzywojennego [Tropes of Secularization in the Prose of the Interwar Period]. Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, 2016. In Polish. “Chapter one is fundamentally theoretical, with theory being immediately backed up (as a starting point and as examples) by interpretations of literary texts. Its aim is the reconstruction of the ‘secular theory of the novel.’ Researchers such as Northrop Frye and Ian Watt demonstrate how secularization processes influenced the rise and development of the genre.” Knapp, Ethan. “Reading Allegory in a Secular Age: MidCentury Theology and the Allegoresis of Frye and Jameson.” Exemplaria 26, nos. 2–3 (2014): 163–77. “Treats the division between hermeneutic models that emphasize surface and depth by examining two of the most influential twentieth century theoreticians of allegory: Northrop Frye and Fredric Jameson. Argues that the sense of depth in Frye and Jameson can be fully appreciated only if we recover the impact of a discipline not usually considered to be a major influence on their projects, namely, that of the mid-twentieth century Protestant theology of Karl Barth and Rudolph Bultmann. This influence is centered on three different categories: the shape of temporality, the significance of myth, and the construction of literary theory as a science.” (author’s abstract) Knapp, James A. “Looking for Ethics in Spenser’s Faerie Queene.” In Image Ethics in Shakespeare and Spenser. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. 67–9. “As Spenser continued to develop as a poet, he would focus even more intently on the relationship between visual experience and invisible truth. His thoroughgoing emphasis on vision led Northrop Frye to the celebrated conclusion ‘that Spenser, unlike Milton, is a good poet of very limited conceptual powers, and is helpless without some kind of visualization to start him thinking.’ Although Frye’s assessment of Spenser’s

dependence on visualization is undeniable, I will argue here that it does not account for the philosophical import of Spenser’s poetic method. His reliance on visualization—what Frye takes for poor powers of conceptualization—reflects his debt to Aristotle’s theory of cognition in De Anima, especially the assertion: ‘it is necessary that, whenever one is contemplating, it is some image that one is contemplating.’ In the present chapter, I argue that Spenser’s visual poetics emerged from a lifelong engagement with this theory and its implications for ethical instruction in the context of the Reformation.” (author’s abstract) Knapp, John V. “Current Conversations in the Teaching of College-Level Literature.” Style 38, no. 1 (2004): 50–92. “What it is that university English professors learn and teach is almost as various as the number of English departments. While there are no doubt still a few remaining devotees to the Cleanth Brooks model of New Criticism, and even a few followers of Northrop Fryestyle myth criticism, what most departments exhibit these days is an almost bewildering array of schools and theories, what could be called ‘institutional criticism,’ including traditional historical scholars, a very few philologists, several leftover structuralists from the 1960s, deconstructionists, new historians, first-, second-, and even third-wave feminists, multiculturalists whose origins stems from almost every major cultural grouping in North America, so-called queer theorists, some diehard Marxists and more than a few socialist progressives, or proponents of critical literacies who focus on the by-now famous triad of race, class, and gender and whose patron saint is Paulo Freire.” –  “Family Games and Imbroglio in Hamlet.” Reading the Family Dance: Family Systems Therapy and Literary Study, ed. John V. Knapp and Kenneth Womack. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 2003. “If for a moment we view the play [Hamlet] through a lens that Northrop Frye might have called ‘low mimetic’ and thus outside the more familiar sphere of Frye’s Romance or high tragedy, we could argue that [Gertrude’s] question would be more appropriate had we explicit textual evidence.” Knelman, Martin. “Why We Should Toast Northrop Frye’s 100th Birthday.” Toronto Star (24 July 2014). Knight, Alan R. “The Dilemma of the Public Critic; or, Does George Bowering Have A Way with Words.” Studies in Canadian Literature 9, no. 1 (1984): 5–19. Uses Frye’s account of the public critic in the Anatomy as a background against which to examine the criticism of Bowering.

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Knight, Deborah. “Does Tom Think Squire Allworthy Is Real? Philosophy and Literature 21, no. 2 (October 1997): 433–43. “Many fictional characters only become understandable because we recognize that they act in ways that are quite different from the ways we would expect people to act in the actual world. Understanding fictional characters involves the idiom of folk psychology, but it does not require that the actions of characters be fully explained in terms of their psychologies or personalities. What is needed to understand fictional characters is, precisely, an understanding of how those characters are placed within a particular narrative structure. The hero of tragedy or romance is understandable despite being, in important ways, unrealistic—which is only to say, with Northrop Frye, that the conventions of characterization, like the conventions of plot, are learned from, and imitate, literature. So here too, the external perspective, the literary-fictional point of view, is all we need.” –  “Tragedy and Comedy.” In The Routledge Companion to Philosophy and Film, ed. Paisley Livingston and Carl Plantinga. New York: Routledge, 2008. Draws on Frye to establish several master genres, including not only tragedy and comedy but also romance and irony or satire. Knight, Leah. “Word, Flesh, Metaphor, and ‘Something’ of a Mystery in Words with Power.” In Donaldson and Mendelson, Frye and the Word, 105–20. A meditation on Frye’s use of the word “something” in Words with Power. “Frye’s own critical prose . . . provides a parable of the imaginative language it describes. Techniques of ironic indirection and metaphoric identification . . . are especially apparent in Frye’s recurring reference, throughout his work, to a mysterious but mundanesounding ‘something.’” Knight, Mark. “A Tale of Two Narratives: Dickens, the Book of Revelation and the Possibility of Countervoices.” Paper presented at Educating the Imagination: A Conference in Honour of Northrop Frye on the Centenary of His Birth. University of Toronto, 4–6 October 2013. Knight, Sabina. “Unexpected Affinities: Reading across Cultures.” Comparative Literature Studies 45, no. 4 (2008): 522–4. “What does it mean when texts from multiple traditions share basic metaphors in the absence of genealogical relations or direct influence? For Zhang Longxi, such affinities support Northrop Frye’s investigation of literary works as systematically connected through shared themes and archetypes. For anyone who has ever found, as has Zhang, that ‘certain critical insights are available only from the cross-cultural

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perspective of East-West studies,’ Zhang’s elegant crosscultural examples will be a welcome contribution to Frye’s project.” Knights, Ben. “Imaginary Burglars: English Studies and the Hinterlands of Thought.” In Pedagogic Criticism. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. Frye is an example of a critic, like Wilson Knight, who has always “nursed mythopoeic propensities.” Knittel, K.M. “‘Late.’ Last, and Least: On Being Beethoven’s Quartet in F Major, Op. 135.” Music and Letters 87, no. 1 (2006): 16–51. On the ways in which various interpreters of Beethoven’s last completed work (the string quartet in F major, Op. 135) is said to be a romance, comedy, tragedy, or satire as these forms of emplotment have been defined by Hayden White and Frye. Knobel, Lance. “Moore and Pelli—Charles Moore.” Architectural Review 169, no. 1009 (1 March 1 1981): 191–2. In this review of Gerald Allen’s book on the architect Charles Moore and the relation of his work to the literary pastoral tradition, Knobel says that the best writer on Moore is Moore himself and the best writer on the pastoral tradition is Northrop Frye. Knutson, Harold C. Molière: An Archetypal Approach. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1976. 4–5, 8–10, 15–16, 75–6, 118–20, 135–6, 144–6. On Frye’s theories of comedy and romance. Comedy is a celebration of life, its ritual form described by Frye and Mauron. Kobyshcha, Varvara. “‘Это утопия, это болото’: жанры повествования о город” [“This Is Utopia; This Is a Swamp”: Genres of Narrative about a City]. Laboratorium. Журнал социальных исследований [Social Research Journal] 3:145–60. In Russian. On the concept of genre from Aristotle to Frye. Koch, William N. “Fearful Summary: What Northrop Frye’s Scholarship Has Taught Me So Far.” English Studies in Canada 37, no. 2 (June 2011): 33–40. Koch describes the influence that Fearful Symmetry has had on his thinking. Kocic-Kámbó, Larisa. “Frye and the Musical Poet.” In Northrop Frye 100: A Danubian Perspective, ed. Sára Tóth, Tibor Fabiny, János Kenyeres, and Péter Pásztor. Budapest: KGRE–L’Harmattan, 2014. 258–68. Explores how Frye’s knowledge of music, and his theoretical use of musical form—particularly in his exposition on epos—sheds new light on Milton’s Paradise Lost and can therefore contribute to the recently rekindled debate among Milton scholars about the oral/aural significance of Milton’s poem.

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Kodaj, Dániel. “A lényegen innen és túl: A pozitivizmusvita dilemmái” [The Point from Here and Beyond: The Dilemmas of the Positivism Debate]. Replika: Társadalomtudományi folyóirat 60 (2007): 129–44. In Hungarian. Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism is cited in an account of the Popper/Adorno debate. Kohn, Robert E. “Pynchon’s Transition from Ethos-based Postmodernism to Late-Postmodern Stylistics.” Style 43, no. 2 (Summer 2009): 194–214. “In all literary structures,” wrote Northrop Frye, “we are aware of . . . the quality of a verbal personality or a speaking voice—something different from direct address, though related to it. When this quality is felt to be the voice of the author himself, we call it style: le style c’est l’homme is a generally accepted axiom.” After Kohn quotes this axiom, he applies it to Pynchon’s late work, showing how the stylistics of The Crying of Lot 49 follows the arc of postmodern painters in their attack on modernism. They do this stylistically. Kokotailo, Philip. “Creating The Peaceable Kingdom: Edward Hicks, Northrop Frye and Joe Clark.” In Creating “The Peaceable Kingdom” and Other Essays on Canada, ed. Victor Howard. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1998. Reminds us that the “peaceable kingdom” was not a phrase invented by Frye but by an American painter, Edward Hicks. –  “From Fathers to Sun: Northrop Frye and the History of English-Canadian Poetry.” American Review of Canadian Studies 29, no. 1 (Spring 1999): 43–66. On Frye’s having promoted a dual view of Canadian culture—an east-west axis of national unity and a north-south axis of regional diversity. Believes that Frye’s views have helped to shape an attitude of inclusivity and community. –  “Manifold Division: Desmond Pacey’s History of EnglishCanadian Poetry.” Studies in Canadian Literature 22, no. 2 (1997): 1–27. On the connection between Pacey’s and Frye’s theories of the history of Canadian poetry. Kolek, Leszek S. “Toward a Poetics of Comic Narratives: The Semiotic Structure of Evelyn Waugh’s A Handful of Dust.” Semiotica 55, no. 1 (1985): 75–103. One section of the essay deals with Hetton Abbey in relation to the romantic phase of comedy described by Frye. –  “Text Analysis from the Perspectives of Narratology and Expansive Semiotics.” European Journal of English Studies 2, no. 2 (1998): 238–55. “The identification of animal characters with human types is perfectly in keeping with the genre convention of the beast fable, as is the very pronounced element of humour. However, [Greimas’s] narrator’s mockery seems to spare neither

the parrots nor the hippos; if anything, the parrots are presented by means of devices typical of a stylisticgeneric code which approaches satire, while in the generation of the hippos the predominant stylisticgeneric code seems to be that of somewhat milder, say, romantic comedy though combined with the absurd (to use for instance the classification proposed by Frye or Fowler).” Kolentsis, Alysia. Review of The King My Father’s Wrack: The Moral Nexus of Shakespearian Drama, by Stephen K. Land. Renaissance and Reformation/Renaissance et Réforme 35, no. 1, Special Issue/Numéro spécial: Gendering Time and Space in Early Modern England (Winter 2012): 212–14. “In its aims, Land’s book might be compared to the work of Northrop Frye, to whom Land acknowledges a critical debt. In its execution, however, the book falls short of the Frygian sensibilities to which it aspires.” Koljevic, Nikola. “Knjizevnost kao utopija i arhetip: kriticka vizija Nortropa Fraja” [Literature as a Utopia and Archetype: The Critical View of Northrop Frye]. Zbornik matice srpske (1979): 9. In Croatian. Kolker, Robert P. The Extraordinary Image: Orson Welles, Alfred Hitchcock, Stanley Kubrick, and the Reimagining of Cinema. East Rutherford, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2017. Calls on Frye’s account of the ironic hero to describe Jack Torrance’s situation in Kubrick’s The Shining. Kong, Lixia. “An Analysis of the Symbolism of Tess of the D’Urbervilles.” Journal of the Henan Radio & TV University 2 (2004). In Chinese. Uses Frye’s theory of archetypes to analyse the symbolic significance of the novel’s environment. Koppetsch, Cornelia, Eva-Maria Bub, and Judith Eckert. “Bindungsmacht in Paarbeziehungen. Warum Beziehungen scheitern.” [The Power of Attachments in the Relationships of Couples. Why Relationships Fail]. Berliner Journal für Soziologie 29, nos. 1–2 (November 2019: 5–32. In German. “Analyzes how the interviewees of failed relationships compare themselves to their ex-partners present and design their current identity, the identity after the relationship, in comparison to their past identity, the identity of the relationship. The reconstruction of the superordinate narrative arch following Northrop Frye was also revealing in this context, since it shows in which frame narrative the interviewees embed their specific version of the relationship and separation history—comedy, tragedy or satire. This shows the importance of the separation for the identity that has now been designed.”

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Koopman, Eva Maria (Emy). “Why Do We Read Sad Books? Eudaimonic Motives and Meta-Emotions.” Poetics 52 (October 2015): 18–31. “As the responses to the open question in this study also suggested, it is relevant to make further distinctions within the denominator ‘’sad.’’ Northrop Frye’s various ‘tragic fictional modes’ could be useful here, as Frye distinguishes between heroic tragedies (with a protagonist ‘superior’ to ourselves, but not to his environment), sentimental drama’s (with protagonists neither superior nor inferior to us, but pretty much like us), and nihilistic narratives (with a protagonist ‘inferior’ to ourselves). Such differentiations may prove to be useful in determining the relative importance of hedonic and eudaimonic concerns.” Kooyman, Ben. “Soul of the Dark Knight: Batman as Mythic Figure in Comics and Film.” Journal of Graphic Novels and Comics 6, no. 3 (2015): 1–2. Review of Soul of the Dark Knight, by Alex Wainer. “Wainer’s Scale, a synthesis of Scott McCloud’s Scale of Iconic Abstraction from Understanding Comics, and Northrop Frye’s Scale of Literary Design from Anatomy of Criticism, serve as a methodology for locating the mythic potential in various popular texts. Wainer effectively combines McCloud and Frye’s line scales into an easily comprehensible chart that allows for simultaneous measurement of iconic abstraction and mythic literary design.” Korhonen, Maija, Katri Komulainen, and Hannu Räty. “Bringing Up Global or Local Citizens?” Young 19, no. 1 (2011): 45–67. The article explores the conditions of entrepreneurship education in Finnish schools from the perspective of the school’s tradition of national and territorial socialization and the new aim of educating European and global citizens. The study was based on 170 student narratives, which the authors classified using Frye’s four mythic formulas: comedy, romance, tragedy and satire. As many as 159 stories were identified as romances, while 8 were ironic stories and 3 were tragedies. Korpan, Barbara D. “Literary Evolution as Style: The ‘Intrinsic Historicity’ of Northrop Frye and Juri Tynianov.” Pacific Coast Philology 2 (April 1967): 47–52. Attacks the New Critics for the view that a poem can be treated as a separate entity without reference to anything outside itself, but singles out Frye as “the one literary critical mind at work in the western world with the tradition of the New Criticism who . . . goes beyond it in both scope and depth.” In its treatment of literature as a particular order of words that has its own history yet that can be related to “extra-literary” orders, Frye’s theory resembles in crucial points the criticism of one

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of the most advanced of the Russian formalists, Juri Tynianov. Kort, Wesley. Story, Text, and Scripture. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1988. Uses Frye’s account of the Exodus mythos to help explicate the narrative elements of the story. –  “Teaching ‘Religion and Literature’ Contextually.” In Teaching Religion and Literature, ed. Daniel Boscaljon and Alan Levinovitz. London: Routledge, 2019. Sees Frye as representing one of four foci by which we can understand the relations between literature and religion—the literary work itself. Kortenaar, Neil Ten. “Salman Rushdie’s Magic Realism and the Return of Inescapable Romance.” University of Toronto Quarterly 71, no. 3 (2002): 765–85. Koșa, Monika. “Explorarera sinelui: Identitate si povestire în literatura canadiană” [Exploring the Self: Identity and Storytelling in Canadian Literature]. Revista Vatra 6 (20267): 42–5. In Romanian. “Starting from Northrop Frye’s theory on garrison mentality and Margaret Atwood’s Survival, this paper explores the concept of identity and its intricate connections with storytelling in Canadian literature by focusing on particular authors in whose texts the search for an identity occupies a central position.” Kostash, Myrna. “The Crisis of Non-Fiction.” Canadian Issues (December 2003): 25–6. “Brian Bethune writing in Maclean’s magazine (11 November 2002) in the wake of the announcements of the Governor General’s prizes, argued on behalf of nonfiction that, for all of our fiction writers’ accolades and celebrity abroad, ‘its [fiction’s] global influence pales beside [nonfiction] works by Marshall McLuhan and Northrop Frye.’” Kostelanetz, Richard, ed. The Avant-Garde Tradition in Literature. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1982. A collection of experimental literature from the past century. Kostelanetz has included works by Northrop Frye among others. –  “The Literature Professors’ Literature Professor.” Michigan Quarterly Review 17 (Fall 1978): 425–42. Rpt. in Three Canadian Geniuses: Glenn Gould, Marshall McLuhan, Northrop Frye, ed. Oriana Leckert. [Toronto]: Colombo & Co., [2001]. Surveys Frye’s status and influence as a critic and teacher. Gives a brief account of his life, academic and otherwise, and provides several anecdotes coming from his visit with Frye in Toronto. Comments on Frye as a public lecturer and on his writing and reading habits. Kostić, Milena. “‘I Am for Other Than for Dancing Measures’: Shakespeare’s Spiritual Quest in As You Like

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It.” Belgrade English Language and Literature Studies (2014): 231–43. http://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/journals/ bells/2014/bells-2014-6-12.pdf. “The critical insights of Ted Hughes (his understanding of ‘active ritual drama’ and vision of the ‘Mother Forest’), Northrop Frye (his perception of the Forest of Arden as the green world originating in the bygone Golden Age), and Riane Eisler (her recognition of the partnership model necessary for the playwright’s recreation of the mythic domain based on the matriarchal principles of equality) are combined in the paper in order to explore the spiritual quest Shakespeare embarked on in As You Like It.” Koterski, Joseph W., S.J. Review of The Prisoner’s Philosophy: Life and Death in Boethius’s “Consolation,” by Joel C. Relihan. Journal of the History of Philosophy 46, no. 3 (July 2008): 481–2. Offers an interpretation of Boethius’s Consolation of Philosophy based on the tradition of the Mennipean satire and on the literary criticism associated with Frye and Bakhtin. Argues that attentiveness to the ironies typical of Menippean satire can help to resolve the problem that is presented by the lack of any explicit testimony to Boethius’s Christian faith within the Consolation. Kotin, Joshua. Review of Wallace Stevens among Others: Diva-Dames, Deleuze, and American Culture, by David R. Jarraway. English Studies in Canada 43, no. 1 (March 2017): 116–18. The conclusion to Jarraway’s book “puts Stevens and Deleuze into conversation with Northrop Frye and Alfred Hitchcock. Kottman, Paul A. “The Charm Dissolves Apace”: Shakespeare and the Self-Dissolution of Drama.” Memoria di Shakespeare: A Journal of Shakespearean Studies 1 (January 2014): 83–107. “Hayden White once quipped to me, as we gazed upon a choice piece of California real estate—boring, lacking a plot. Northrop Frye expressed the same thought about drama when he wrote that dramatic poetry fully ‘belongs to the world man constructs, not to the [natural] world he sees; to his home, not his environment.’” Kovachev, Ognyan. “A Romance of the Balkans: Literary Mystification and the Bulgarian Nation-Imagining.” Slavia: časopis pro slovanskou filologii 1–2 (2009): 23–32. “The generic ideological grid formed by this association of narrative and desire has been pointed out by such diverse XX-century literary scholars, as Northrop Frye, Roland Barthes and Fredric Jameson, to mention only a few.” Kovacs, Frank, John Gosling, and Francois Viljoen. “The Lukan Covenant Concept: The Basis of Israel’s Mandate

in Luke–Acts.” Verbum et Ecclesia 34, no. 1 (2013): 1–9. The “proper apprehension of the conceptual world of the writer is important for understanding text communication. . . . The fact that scholarship perceives some form of literary connectedness, ranging from the trivial to the substantial, between Luke’s gospel and Acts suggests, according to Northrop Frye’s logic, the existence of a text-based ‘conceptual unity’ governing these writings. Frye’s analysis of the Bible’s function in English literature has led him to reject the perception that the Bible is a grab-bag anthology in favour of the view that it is a source of a period’s ‘mythology’ (nota bene Frye’s definition of mythology) which expresses a meta-belief informed within a cultural and psychological context. Although he views the Bible as a library of very different books, Frye deems conceptual unity necessary for understanding the story communicated by texts with (albeit, according to Frye, culturally and psychologically determined) literary affinity.” Kovelman, Arkady, and Maren R. Nichoff. “Continuity and Change in Hellenistic Jewish Exegesis and in Early Rabbinic Literature.” Review of Rabbinic Judaism 7, no. 1 (2004): 123–61. Glances at Frye’s account of the birth of the novel. Kowalcze-Pawlik, Anna. “‘Lawes of the Forrest’: Mapping Violence on the Female Bodyscape in Titus Andronicus.” Wieloglos 22 (2014): 105–16. “At least since Northrop Frye’s 1965 analysis of the ‘Green world’ in Shakespeare’s ‘forest comedies’ the forest has been read in metaphorical terms as a space opposed to the city, a site of transformative power and renewal. In modern scholarship it has been predominantly noted as a symbol of human psyche and its passions. But the forest offers more than a promise of freedom on the margins, as it is also that dangerous place at the borders of civilization that has to be contained and controlled. In the present study I would like to capture the ideological force of the forest as an anthropocentric construct on the one hand, and as a site of transgression that can be expressed in bodily terms on the other.” Kozel, David. “Time Models in Myth and Music of the 20th Century.” Muzikoloski Zbornik 55, no. 1 (June 2019): 177–94. “There is the significant contribution of Byron Almén A Theory of Musical Narrative, implementing the narrative archetypes from literature (myth) according to N. Frye and James J. Liszka to the narrative theory of music.” Kraavi, Janek. “Transgressiivne Kivisildnik –  2019. aasta seisuga, olulist” [The Transgressive Kivisildnik as of 2019: Some Points of Importance]. Keel ja Kirjandus 12 (2019): 960–79. In Estonian. Points to Frye’s noting

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

the specific connection between the political and the aesthetic act during the Romantic era. Kraft, András. “Living on the Edge of Time: Temporal Patterns and Irregularities in Byzantine Historical Apocalypses.” In The Fascination with Unknown Time, ed. Sibylle Baumbach, Lena Henningsen, and Klaus Oschema. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. Notes Frye’s sense of typology as a structure of apocalyptic time. Kragić, Bruno. “Pjesnik kao eiron—Poezija Borisa Marune” [The Poet as Eiron in the Poetry of Boris Marune]. Dani Hvarskoga kazališta. Građa i rasprave o hrvatskoj književnosti i kazalištu 31, no. 1 (May 2005): 416–25. In Croatian. Kraig, Robert Alexander. “The Tragic Science: The Uses of Jimmy Carter in Foreign Policy Realism.” Rhetoric & Public Affairs 5, no. 1 (2002): 1–30. Argues that the narrative of Carter’s failed foreign policy, as constructed by a wide range of international relations theorists and historians, has the generic constituents of a tragedy as these are defined by Frye and Kenneth Burke. Krajewski, Bruce. “Lady Oracle Engagements with Jan Zwicky’s Lyric Philosophy.” Common Knowledge 20, no. 1 (2014): 46–54. Kramer, Karl. “Chekhov and the Seasons.” In Chekhov’s Art of Writing: A Collection of Critical Essays, ed. Paul Debreczeny and Thomas Eekman. Columbus, OH: Slavica Publishers, 1997. 68–81. An application of Frye’s theory of four mythoi of seasons/genres to Chekhov’s short stories. Krapfl, James. “The Rhetoric of Revolution.” In Revolution with a Human Face: Politics, Culture, and Community in Czechoslovakia, 1989–1992. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2013. “This chapter examines what might be called ‘the discourse of the Gentle Revolution about itself’ by means of narrative theory. It lays the foundation for later chapters by unhinging preconceptions, demonstrating that the revolution of 1989 was about more than just ‘the fall of Communism,’ and outlining what was at stake for Czechoslovak citizens as they themselves expressed it. Drawing on the narrative theories of Hayden White and Northrop Frye, the chapter demonstrates that successive and rival interpretations of unfolding history not only reflected participants’ perceptions; they were political instruments by means of which participants strove to shape the course of history. It aims to restore the sense of what was at stake for historical actors and argues for the validity of the term revolution as a means of appreciating their experience.” (author’s abstract)

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Krieger, Murray. “The Critical Legacy of Matthew Arnold; or, The Strange Brotherhood of T.S. Eliot, I.A. Richards, and Northrop Frye.” Southern Review 5 (April 1969): 457–74. Rpt. in Krieger, Poetic Presence and Illusion: Essays in Critical History and Theory. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1979. 92–107. Traces the influential notions of Arnold on twentieth-century critics, including Frye. Sees the separation of the worlds of nature and freedom, of science and language, as Frye’s chief Arnoldian debt. Arnold also anticipates Frye’s concept of culture—those forms that we shape in response to dream and desire. Frye resolves the difficulty, present in Eliot and Richards, of the separation of poetry and ideas: he does so by broadening the concept of poetry to include all symbolic projections of human desire. –  “Literary Analysis and Evaluation—and the Ambidextrous Critic.” Contemporary Literature 9 (Summer 1968): 290–310 [293–9]. Rpt. in Criticism: Speculative and Analytical Essays, ed. L.S. Dembo. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1968. 16–36 [19–24]. Sees a similarity between E.D. Hirsch’s attempt to cut off interpretation from criticism and Frye’s effort to divorce evaluation from the function of criticism. Observes that Frye’s separation of criticism, as an objective discipline moving towards becoming a science, from both subjective experience and value judgments about art results from his prior definition “of criticism as the systematic construct of a total hypothesis,” which is little concerned with the particular effects of individual works. –  “A Matter of Distinction: An Interview with Murray Krieger.” In Murray Krieger and Contemporary Critical Theory, ed. Bruce Henricksen. New York: Columbia University Press, 1986. 198–230 [198–9, 208]. In an interview conducted by Richard Berg, begins by answering a question on the trends in criticism during the past twenty-five years. Sees the reaction against the New Criticism as coming initially from Frye’s “visionary criticism” and from the “consciousness criticism” of the Geneva School. Says that Anatomy of Criticism was “the first major post-New-Critical . . . statement.” –  “The Mirror as Window in Recent Literary Theory: Contextualism and Its Alternatives.” In A Window to Criticism: Shakespeare’s Sonnets and Recent Poetics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1964. 28–70 [42–9]. Part of this chapter, including the section on Frye, appeared originally in a slightly different form in “After the New Criticism.” Massachusetts Review 4 (1962): 190–5. Pays tribute to Frye’s influence and to the inclusiveness of his system, yet finds his theory

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finally inadequate because of its inability to treat the uniqueness of individual literary works. Actually sees two Northrop Fryes: the inclusive Frye who wants to synthesize all approaches into one and the partisan Frye who argues specifically for myth criticism. Frye’s principles can be applied with special insight to the work of poets like Blake and Yeats, but “the more modest practitioners among us non-Blakeans, who do not see Blake or Yeats as the archetype of all poets, cannot adapt this mystical assumption about the transcendent, allresponsible, all-responsive unity of the sanctified body of literature.” –  “Northrop Frye and Contemporary Criticism: Ariel and the Spirit of Gravity.” In Northrop Frye in Modern Criticism, ed. Murray Krieger. New York: Columbia University Press, 1966. 1–30. Rpt. in Krieger, The Play and Place of Criticism. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1967. 220–37; partially rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism, vol. 26., ed. Sharon R. Gunton. Detroit: Gale Research, 1983. 223–5. An introductory essay to the English Institute volume devoted to Frye’s work. Comments both on the theoretical situation upon which Anatomy of Criticism made its impact and on the aftermath of that impact. Observes that Frye “has had an influence—indeed an absolute hold—on a generation of developing literary critics greater and more exclusive than that of any one theorist in recent critical history.” Argues that it is the opposition of the lunar to the sublunary that characterizes Frye’s relation to the dominant critical tradition. –  Theory of Criticism: A Tradition and Its System. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976. 56–7, 109–10, 142–4. On Frye’s criticism as a corrective to the anti-romantic assumptions of Eliot, his concept of existential projection, and his distinction between nature and freedom. Sees this latter opposition as descending from the lineage of Kant, Goethe, Schiller, Arnold, and Richards. Kripal, Jeffery J. Road of Excess, Palaces of Wisdom: Eroticism and Reflexivity in the Study of Mysticism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001. Says that Frye rejects the term “mysticism” as appropriate for the study of Blake’s poetry. For mystics who were also poets, he prefers the term “visionary.” Frye argues that to the artist as artist the direct mystical apprehension is not an end in itself but a means to an end, which is the production of a poem. Kristal, Efrían, and Marie-France Eslin. “Création littéraire et culture religieuse: Northrop Frye, Kenneth Burke, Harold Bloom et George Steiner” [Literary Creation

and Religious Culture: Northrop Frye, Kenneth Burke, Harold Bloom, George Steiner]. Esprit 12 (December 2003): 34–50. In French. George Steiner’s criticism can be read in connection with that of Frye, Burke, and Bloom, who also focus on the links between literature and biblical language. Examines what they have to say about creation, imagination, and life in works of literature. Kristeva, Julia. “The Importance of Frye.” In Lee and Denham, Legacy, 335–7. An homage to Frye, in which the Anatomy is said to have opened up “the field of literary criticism to an ambition which may appear excessive but which, only in this way, can ever hope to approach the extraordinary polysemy of literary art and take up the challenge it permanently poses. The modalities of criticism, designated or hoped for by Frye . . . can be disputed; others can be added. But it is undeniable that these types of critical approaches allow us, once they are linked, to decompartmentalize the technical enclosures in which contemporary literary theory habitually delights and to aspire to a capable interdisciplinarity. The particular emphasis that Frye puts on the archetype as symbol which links one poem to another and allows us to unify and integrate our literary experience seems to me indeed an ethical requirement—not to lose sight of the content conveyed by rhetorical play, and to anchor this content in the Western metaphysical tradition.” Kroča, David. “Literatura jako system” [Literature as a System]. Host 20, no. 7 (2004): 56–8. In Polish. Kroetsch, Robert. “American Poetry Now: Making Room for the Weather.” Canadian Review of American Studies 14, no. 2 (1983): 219–24. “We are now in the process of retelling the story of Modern. It is a necessary revision of history and canon and poetics that allows, that will allow, other poets to come after. The magnificent telling of Modern by Pound, the success of the early twentiethcentury poets like Pound himself and Eliot and Yeats, the supporting cast of critics like Hugh Kenner and Northrop Frye—all these forces conspired to shape and then to close Modern, to complete the period, even to complete literature.” –  “Learning the Hero from Northrop Frye.” In Lombardo, Ritratto, 299–311; rpt. in Kroetsch, The Lovely Treachery of Words: Essays Selected and New. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1989. 151–62; rpt. as “Aprendiendo el héroe de Northrop Frye.” Casa de las Américas 41, no. 220 (July–September 2000): 12–17. Reviews “the complex involvement in the lessons of Northrop Frye” by a group of Canadian writers, including himself. Concludes that in the single book that emerges from

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Frye’s many books, Frye himself becomes the Canadian epic poet. Kröller, Eva-Marie, Lucie Robert, and Jean Fisette. “Chroniques du Plateau Mont-Royal et Cronache di Poveri Amanti: Romans Encyclopédiques de Michel Tremblay et de Vasco Pratolini.” [Chronicles of the Plateau Mont-Royal and Cronache di Poveri Amanti: Encyclopedic Novels by Michel Tremblay and Vasco Pratolini]. Voix et Images 17, no. 3 (1992): 495–509. In French. The works of Tremblay and Pratolini should be considered works of encyclopedic fiction, in Frye’s sense. Kroon, Richard. “Archetypal Criticism.” In A/V A to Z: An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Media, Entertainment and Other Audiovisual Terms. Jefferson, NC, and London: McFarland and Co., 2014. 53. Brief entry on the kind of criticism that sprang from Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism. Krotz, Sarah Wylie. “Place and Memory: Rethinking the Literary Map of Canada.” English Studies in Canada 40, nos. 2–3 (June–September 2014): 133–54. In the study of Canadian literature space and place form an important context. Frye’s famous question “Where is here?” is still pertinent. Krûminienë, Jadvyga. “Homiletinio teksto analitinių instrumentų problema iš literatūros kritikos perspektyvos: poetinis, mitopoetinis ar teopoetinis konstruktas?” [The Problem of Approach to Homiletic Texts from the Perspective of Literary Criticism: Poetic, Mythopoetic, or Theopoetic”]. Respectus Philologicus 13 (2008): 8–13. In Lithuanian. Relies heavily on Frye throughout in discussing the homiletic discourse and the problems encountered when it is approached from the perspective of literary criticism. –  “John Donne’s Homilies: Paradox as an Instrument of Theopoetic Evocation.” Literatūra 4 (2004): 29–37. “Neat paradoxical statements are always valid. They are invented to overcome the banal contents of life by reshaping a traditional mode of thinking and [in Frye’s words] “forc[ing] out of the normal channels of meaning.” Krupat, Arnold. For Those Who Come After: A Study of Native American Autobiography. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985. In his study of five Native American biographies, relates them to their historical period; the categories of history, science, and art, especially literature; and Frye’s fourfold scheme of emplotment—romance, tragedy, comedy, irony. Krupnick, Mark. “Jewish Intellectuals and the ‘Deep Places of the Imagination.’” Shofar 21, no. 3 (Spring

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2003): 29–47. Contrasts Lionel Trilling and Frye on the imagination: Trilling wrote “about literature in terms of ‘imagination,’ ‘mind,’ and the ‘emotions’ without defining any of these terms or their interrelations. He did not speak of the ‘symbolic’ imagination, the favored term of Ernst Cassirer and the American philosopher Suzanne Langer, or of the ‘mythopoeic’ imagination, as would Northrop Frye, the dominant critic of the cohort that came to prominence in the American ’50s.” Krysinski, Wladimir. “Frye and the Problems of Modern(ity).” In Lee and Denham, Legacy, 250–8. On the relationship between Frye’s view of modernism and the views of such postmodernists as Habermas and Lyotard. Krystal, Arthur. “A Pleasure to Read You.” American Scholar (Winter 2019): 108–12. “When I was one-andtwenty and studying literature in 1968, I wasn’t given much choice about what to read. It was Shakespeare and—not or—Milton. It was Donne and Dryden. It was as many of the Elizabethans and Augustans and Romantics and Victorians and Modernists as could fit on the syllabus. Writers we didn’t study in class we were encouraged to read in private. Moreover, fiction and poetry were supplemented by a healthy dose of criticism: Erich Auerbach’s Mimesis, Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism, T.S. Eliot’s essay ‘Tradition and the Individual Talent,’ Lionel Trilling’s anthology The Experience of Literature, Ian Watt’s The Rise of the Novel, William Empson’s Seven Types of Ambiguity, René Wellek and Austin Warren’s Theory of Literature, as well as books by Ernst Robert Curtius, I.A. Richards, Mario Praz, F.R. Leavis, J. Hillis Miller, M.H. Abrams, Georg Lukács, et al. I’m not claiming that everything in these texts is indisputable or that literature cannot be understood without them. I’m simply suggesting that these critics— and even those engaged in the New Criticism—saw poems and novels as historically situated, revealing the leanings and swervings and divagations among various writers. What they taught me, what they inoculated in my brain stem, was an appreciation of a literary tradition that evolved as the world evolved, whose fluctuations in style and theme always spoke in some way to earlier works.” Kuchar, Gary. “Typology and the Language of Concern in the Work of Northrop Frye.” Canadian Review of Comparative Literature/Revue Canadienne de Litterature Comparée 27, nos. 1–2 (March–June 2000): 159–80. Also in Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism, vol. 165. Detroit: Gale, 2005. Examines Frye’s view of typology as a mode of rhetoric and historical mode of thought and its relation to his understanding of metaphor

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and primary concerns. Also outlines the relationships among Frye’s views and patristic exegesis, Lacanian psychoanalysis, and existential phenomenology.

today, the comic book, where one art continually feeds on the other, so that the deficiencies in each art by itself is less noticeable.’”

Kuffert, L.B. Great Duty: Canadian Responses to Modern Life and Mass Culture in Canada 1939–1967. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2003. Draws on Frye’s editorial “War on the Cultural Front” and other examples of Frye’s sociocultural critical statements.

–  “Handlung/Plot.” In Grundthemen der Literatur­ wissenschaft: Erzählen [Basic Topics in Literary Studies: Storytelling], ed. Martin Huber and Wolf Schmid. Berlin/Boston: Walter de Gruyter, 2017. Frye and Nancy Miller are singled out as critics who use plot types as the basic unit to compare narratives.

Kuhl, Elizabeth. “Time and Identity in Stephen of Rouen’s Draco Normannicus.” Journal of Medieval History 40, no. 4 (2015): 421–38. As sources for the description of the medieval chronicle as different from a historical account, she cites among others Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism.

Kulavkova, Katica. “The Sacral Function of Language, Literature and the Bible in the Context of Borislav Pekić’s Novel The Time of Miracles.” Slavia Meridionalis 18 (2018): 1–28. “Northrop Frye clearly emphasizes the ‘central structural principle’ according to which ‘literature derives from myth,’ and that is precisely why literature has continued to possess communicative power throughout the centuries and has kept its identity, despite numerous historical, social and ideological changes. The literary work is, in essence, the fruit of the imagination, same as ritual, myth and folk tales, which are considered as ‘pre‑literary categories’ and form a part of both the local and the global cultural heritage.” Refers to Frye’s theory of myth throughout.

Kuhns, Richard. “Professor Frye’s Criticism.” Journal of Philosophy 56 (10 September 1959): 745–55. Outlines Frye’s main assumptions and evaluates his contribution to critical theory. Spends some time discussing Frye’s analogies between criticism and natural science, on the one hand, and between literature and mathematics, on the other. Takes issue with his theory of literary interpretation, especially as it relates to the problem of intention; and concludes that criticism is not as neat a discipline as the formal symmetry of Frye’s work tends to suggest. Kuipers, Jelte. “Pro and Contra Frye.” Collage (3 October 1969): 5–8. A close look at the argument of Frye’s essay “Anarchism and the Universities.” Concludes that Frye’s views are basically incorrect, because “he has failed to look deeply enough into the new radicalism and also because he has chosen the wrong myths to describe what he does see.” Kujundžić, Nada. “Discipliniranje pripovjedne i čitateljske žudnje u romanu Kći Lotršćaka Marije Jurić Zagorke” [Disciplining Narrative and Reader’s Desire in the Daughter of Lotršćak by Marija Jurić Zagorka]. Umjetnost riječi 1–2 (2017): 67–86. In Croatian. What underlies the interpretation of the novel is Roland Barthes’s theory of desire and Frye’s theory of romance. Kukkonen, Karin. “Comics as a Test Case for Transmedial Narratology.” SubStance 40, no. 1 (2011): 34–52. “A long-standing prejudice about comics is that they tell their stories in words and images, but in a way that does not fully do justice to either mode. In their use of words and dialogue, they fall short of the novel. In their use of images and composition, they fall short of the fine arts. Northrop Frye sums up this assessment in his essay ‘Literature and the Arts’: ‘an easy-going intermixture of drawing and text forms the staple of young readers

Kulbytė, Agnė. “Romantizmo transformacijos post­ modernioje estetikoje: Tapatumo požymiai ir ribos” [The Transformations of Romanticism in Postmodern Aesthetics: The Signs and Limits of Identity]. Logos 78 (2014): 170–9. In Lithuanian. “Transformations of the idea of romantic aesthetics are analyzed by comparing different insights (Charles Taylor’s, Philippe LacoueLabarthe’s, Jerome McGann’s, Northrop Frye’s, Ira Livingston’s, Claudia Moscovici’s). These theoretical debates induce one to take a fresh look at the artistic creation process.” Kulesza, Kamila. “Mit i literatura—antropologia literatury Northropa Frye’a” [Myth and Literature—Northrop Frye’s Literary Anthropology]. Hybris: Revista de Filosofía 28 (2015): 192–200. In Polish. Explores Frye’s conception of myth criticism, which is little known in Poland. Kumar, Nand. Indian English Drama: A Study in Myths. New Delhi: Sarup & Sons, 2003. Glances at Frye’s definition of “myth.” Kundun, Rama. “Margaret Atwood’s Re-creation of the Philomel Myth in ‘Nightingale.’” Interlitteraria 13 (2008): 382–93. “The original myth provides a vertical axis on which Atwood’s mythic heroine can be placed. Atwood’s Philomel, rises/ascends in a dream sequence towards the end of her story. In his study of the ‘Structure of Romance’ Northrop Frye observed: ‘From

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

the beginning the poetic imagination has inhabited a middle earth. Above it is the sky with whatever it reveals or conceals: below it is a mysterious place of birth and death from whence animals and plants proceed, and to which they return. There are therefore four primary narrative movements in literature. These are, first, the descent from a higher world; second, the descent to a lower world; third, the ascent from a lower world; and, fourth, the ascent to a higher world. All stories in literature are complications of, or metaphorical derivations from, these four narrative radicals.’” Kunze, Peter C. “For the Boys: Masculinity, Gray Comedy, and the Vietnam War in Slaughterhouse-Five.” Studies in American Humor, New Series 3, no. 26, Special Issue: Kurt Vonnegut and Humor (2012): 41–57. “Northrop Frye, in his landmark 1949 study of Blake, views innocence as prelapsarian and those who live in the ‘unfallen world’ are perceived by those in the ‘fallen world’ as ‘somewhat naive and childlike.’ Frye asserts, ‘Children live in a protected world which has something, in epitome, of the intelligibility of the state of innocence, and they have an imaginative recklessness which derives from that.’ D.G. Gillham advises, however, that ‘Blake’s innocents are not always children and his children are not always innocent.’ Using Gillham’s interpretation, I argue that Slaughterhouse-Five embraces a Blakean binary of innocence and experience in which the former is applied to young soldiers who need to be preserved in the ‘imaginative’ state of innocence and, consequently, protected from the inevitability of experience.” Kuriakose, John. “The Question of Genre: Is Hamlet a Tragedy?” Hamlet Studies: An International Journal of Research on The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke 23 (2001): 115–19. “Shakespearean Tragedy and Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism . . . present mutually opposed conceptions of genre.” Kushner, Eva. “Frye and the Historicity of Literature.” In Lee and Denham, Legacy, 296–303; rpt. in Kushner, The Living Prism: Itineraries in Comparative Literature. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2001. 257–65. On Frye’s conception of literary history, which involves an understanding of a literary work in its own time as well as in ours. –  “Is Comparative Literature Ready for the Twenty-First Century?” Comparative Literature and Culture Web 2, no. 4 (2000): article 13. http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/ cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1096&context=clcweb. In the context of ethics and literature, remarks that “the thought of Northrop Frye appeared at first to disengage literary texts and the study of them from what he calls the myths of concern, that is, established religious and

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moral ideologies which in his view can only generate repetitive, uninteresting literature; against and within it there arise myths of freedom which generate liberated views of reality. Literature as portrayed in the Anatomy of Criticism (1957) is anything but a tool of ethics; yet in the perspective of Frye’s whole thought they are allies.” –  “Northrop Frye and the Possibility of Intercultural Dialogue.” In Aithal, The Importance of Northrop Frye, 156–68; rpt. in Kushner’s The Living Prism: Itineraries in Comparative Literature. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2001. 249–57. Argues that Frye’s criticism aspires to establish communication within and outside the Judaeo-Christian world; even though Frye’s work is rooted in British literature, Protestantism, and the Bible, it nonetheless invites intercultural dialogue. A French translation of this essay appears in Recherches sémiotics/Semiotic Inquiry 13, no. 3 (1993): 23–31. –  “The Social Thought of Northrop Frye.” In The Living Prism: Itineraries in Comparative Literature. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2001. 266–78. Kushnir, Zhozefina. “Роман “accidentul” михаила себастьяна: аспект “центрального тезиса” нортропа фрая” [The Novel Accidental by Michail Sebastian from the Perspective of Northrop Frye’s Central Thesis]. Studia Universitatis Moldaviae: Stiinte Umanistice 4, no. 94 (2016). In Russian. On the novel Accident by the Jewish Romanian novelist Mihail Sebastian. Kushnir sees it as exemplifying several of Frye’s central myths in Words with Power, especially the katabasis (downward journey) and ultimate apokatastasis (return, restoration). Kustec, Aleksander. “Northrop Frye on Literary Criticism, Identity and Canadian Literature during His Visit to Slovenia in 1990.” In Canada 2000: Identity and Transformation, ed. Klaus-Dieter Ertler and Martin Löschnigg. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2000. 117–22. Kuusisto, Riikka. “Comparing International Relations Plots: Dismal Tragedies, Exuberant Romances, Hopeful Comedies and Cynical Satires.” International Politics 55, no. 2 (March 2018): 160–76. “In a world where convincing explanations take narrative form, IR [International Relations] theories, too, resort to the basic plot alternatives, as defined by Frye, of tragedy, romance, comedy and irony/satire. While the tendency to view the human condition as tragic pertains especially to the so-called realist school, romantic IR storytellers dwell, for example, among liberals, Marxists and peace researchers. This paper focuses on the lesser analysed plots of comedy and irony/satire, finding comic traces

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in normative, constructivist and critical IR research, and the ironic/satiric mood in poststructural studies. Using the criteria of nonviolence, flexibility, self-reflection and innovativeness, the paper evaluates the relative merits and downsides of the different plots, and takes a stand in favour of comic IR theories. The paper argues that comic theories are best equipped to come up with novel solutions to grave world political problems. Mildly hopeful comedies steer clear of tragic despair, exuberant romantic optimism and satiric cynicism.” –  “Dante’s Anagogic Chronotope—A Forgotten Path of 20th-Century Comparative Poetics of Literary Encyclopedism.” In Boccaccio, Dante e Verdone, ed. Antonio Sorella. Florence: Franco Cesati Editore, 2016. 195–223. “With the more explicit exception of Frye and, as I will argue, implicitly also Mikhail Bakhtin, among the 20th–21st-century critics, then, the position of Dante in the comparative readings of poetic encyclopedism has, in a certain curious way, been slowly receding and becoming marginalized, if not entirely forgotten.” Kuzmíková, Jana. “Cognitive Literary Research as a Showcase of Multidisciplinary Concept of Science.” Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich 1 (2014): 293– 308. “Inspiring predecessors of cognitive literary researchers include: Ludwig Wittgenstein and analytical philosophers and pragmatists, Russian formalists, Prague structuralists, Lev S. Vygotsky, Yuri M. Lotman and the Moscow-Tartu semiotics school, Alexander R. Luria, Tzvetan Todorov, Northrop Frye, reception aestheticians, and others.” Kverndokk, Kyrre. “Klimakrisens tid” [The Time of the Climate Crisis]. Idéhistorisk tidsskrift 29, no. 2 (2017): 33–47. In Norwegian. Remarks that Frye’s notion of the Bible as the great code does not distinguish religious from ordinary history. Kwa, Chong Guan, ed. S Rajaratnam on Singapore: From Ideas to Reality. Singapore: World Scientific, 2006. “This essay has been shaped by a re-reading of Northrop Frye’s classic Anatomy of Criticism. This reference to literary criticism is not intended to treat Mr Rajaratnam’s pronouncements and writings as literature and fiction, and therefore to be evaluated according to the norms of literary criticism. Rather, it is to extend the remit of literary criticism beyond its traditional domain of novels, drama, and poetry to facilitate an understanding of all written texts, fiction and nonfiction.” Kyle, Carol A. “The Unity of Anatomy: The Structure of Barth’s Lost in the Funhouse.” Critique: Studies in

Modern Fiction 13, no. 3 (1972): 31–43. Argues that the unity of Barth’s work can be justified only on the basis of Frye’s conception of the anatomy as a form of prose fiction. Kyser, Kristina. “Seeing Everything in a Different Light: Vision and Revelation in Michael Ondaatje’s The English Patient.” University of Toronto Quarterly 70, no. 4 (2001): 889–901. “Writing about reading and revelation from a mystical perspective, Northrop Frye transcended the problematic dualism of the biblical narrative by envisioning ‘a second apocalypse that, ideally, begins in the reader’s mind as soon as he has finished reading, a vision that passes through the legalized vision of ordeals and trials and judgments and comes out into a second life.’ Frye sees this culmination of reading the Bible as a second life in which ‘the creator-creature, divinehuman, antithetical tension has ceased to exist, and the sense of the transcendent person and the split of subject and object no longer limit our vision.’ This experience of revelation following the end of a story is not limited, for Frye, to reading the Bible. . . . Frye’s connection between finishing a story and experiencing revelation provides an interesting approach to the act of storytelling in The English Patient.” Kyeong Yeol Bae. “A Study of Choi In-hoon’s Novel The Keyword.” Korean Thought and Culture 50 (2009): 111. “According to Mr. Northrop Frye’s classification, the narrator in The Keyword goes to confessor, and his confession shows the effort toward the integrated view for the art.” Kyoko, Kondo. “The Extension of Space-Time in Women in Love.” D.H. Lawrence Studies 11 (2001): 17–29. Argues that Women in Love incorporates all four of Frye’s narrative modes: comedy, tragedy, romance, and irony. Kyung, Suk Yun. “A Study of the Seasonal Symbolism of Goh Jeong-hui’s Poetry.” Journal of Korean Language and Literature 46 (2009): 169 ff. Analyses the seasonal symbols in Goh Jeong-hui’s poetry. Considers it to occupy two main phases: an early period in which the images of winter dominate, and a latter period in which imagery of spring is emphasized, producing satire and irony, on the one hand, and comedy on the other. L Laberge, Yves. “Comment Faut-il sauver Northrop Frye? Hommages et critiques autour d’un penseur canadien” [How Should I Save Northrop Frye? Tributes and Criticisms about a Canadian Thinker]. Amerika (3 July 2018). In French. http://journals.openedition.org/

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amerika/9080. On Robert D. Denham’s Remembering Northrop Frye and The Northrop Frye Handbook. Labuschagne, J.P. (Kobus). “Die Apostoliese tradisie in die Kerk se verstaan van Skrif en geloof vanaf Reformasie tot aan die begin van die een en twintigste eeu—’n Kort hermeneutiese oorsig” [The Apostolic Tradition in the Church’s Understanding of Scripture and Faith from the Reformation to the Start of the 21st Century—A Brief Hermeneutical Overview]. Hervormde Teologiese Studies (Pretoria) 71, no. 3 (2015): 1–15. In Afrikaans. Notes Frye’s rediscovery of typology as a way in interpreting scripture. Lacalle, Juan Manuel, and Mariano Alejandro Vilar. “Estudos literários e leitura distante: Uma primeira abordagem da atualidade da investigação nas revistas acadêmicas argentina” [Literary Studies and Distant Reading: A First Approach to Current Research in Argentine Academic Journals]. Anclajes 23, no. 1 (January–April 2019): 19–40. In Portuguese. “During the process of preparing this work, we compared the terms that occur in two classics of 20th-century criticism: Anatomy of Criticism by Northrop Frye, and Mimesis by Erich Auerbach. Although we found several terms in common, the differences arose in the use of concepts such as ‘hero’ (which was fundamental for Frye and other critics of his generation, but which is today almost abandoned) and ‘style’ (a fundamental category for Auerbach who no longer has great weight in the study of literature, at least compared to other issues).” Lacerda, A.G. “Dialogando con Northrop Frye” [In Dialogue with Northrop Frye]. Estudos Lingüísticos e Literários, Salvador 23–4 (1999): 209–20. In Spanish. On Frye’s theory of modes as developed in Anatomy of Criticism. La Farge, Benjamin. “Comedy’s Intention.” Philosophy and Literature 28, no. 1 (April 2004): 118–36. Uses Frye’s theory of the various characters in comedy, as outlined in Anatomy of Criticism. –  “Comic Anxiety and Kafka’s Black Comedy.” Philosophy and Literature 35, no. 2 (October 2011): 282–302. Notes that Dorine, the housemaid in Molière’s Tartuffe, and Celimene in The Misanthrope are “plain dealers” in Frye’s sense of the term. –  “High and Low Mimetic Tragedies.” The Logic of Wish and Fear: New Perspectives on Genres in Western Fiction. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. 113–24. Draws on Frye’s definitions of low-mimetic and high-mimetic tragedy and on the characters Frye calls the eiron and the alazon to characterize a half-dozen literary works.

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–  The Logic of Wish and Fear. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. “Some readers may be put off by the emphasis I give to Northrop Frye, not to mention Aristotle. To anyone who wonders why I say nothing about the modern theorists in French or German, my answer is that, for all their brilliance, Northrop Frye was the first modern theorist to re-examine the question of literary genres (in 1957), and I have come to believe that he is more helpful than anyone else in understanding them.” Lafford, Erin. “‘asking with tears forgiveness’: Weeping as ‘Gentling’ in Blake’s Milton.” Literature Compass 11, no. 2 (February 2014): 117–25. “Moskal’s Blake, Ethics, and Forgiverness (1994) follows a line of Blake scholars going back to Northrop Frye and Harold Bloom, who draw upon the theology of Martin Buber as outlined in I and Thou (1937). Sára Tóth argues that Frye in particular is drawn to Buber’s notion of the I-Thou relationship . . . as a way to think about language’s relational potential. In Words with Power (1990), Frye considers the I-Thou relationship as a way out of narcissistic self-interest towards redemption: Buber’s I and Thou tells us that we are all imprisoned within an It world which is really a reflection of ourselves. Only a Thou who is both another person and the identity of ourselves, releases the ability to love that gets us out of the world of shades and echoes into the world of sunlight and freedom. Through a reading of the forgiving relationships in Milton, this article considers how Buber’s I-Thou relationship plays out in the poem’s instances of weeping. I am concerned less with Frye’s power of words than with how tears both anticipate and communicate forgiveness.” Lagerroth, Erland. Svensk berattarkonst [Swedish Storytelling Art]. Lund: C.W.K. Gleerup, [1968]. In Swedish. Uses Frye’s theories of imagery and mythos to interpret Strindberg’s Roda rummet. La Grand, Virginia, and Craig E. Mattson. “Brave New Performance Space: Castaway Pedagogy in the Age of Caliban.” Christian Scholar’s Review 35, no. 4 (Summer 2006): 471–91. Notes that Auden uses the conventions of the Menippean satire as defined by Frye and Bakhtin. Lahive, Colin. “Milton and the Resource of Romance.” In Timely Voices: Romance Writing in English Literature, ed. Goran Stanivukovic. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2017. Notes that Frye’s view of romance is antirepresentational and revolutionary. –  “Reading and Writing Romance in Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained.” Literature Compass 12, no. 10 (October 2015): 527–37. On Frye’s theory of romance

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as applied to Milton’s epic. “Frye’s emphasis on the revolutionary nature of romance—and, by implication, the genre’s capacity to speak to specific historical moments to advance a particular agenda—has been somewhat overlooked because of his archetypal approach to literature and his tendency to divest romance of its importance in specific historical and ideological contexts by reducing it to a series of repetitive, identical, duplicating topoi that recur throughout literary history.” Lai, John T.P. “Fictional Representation of the Bible: Chinese Christian Novels of the Late 19th Century.” Literature and Theology 28, no. 2 (2014): 201–25. Laine, Kommo. “Superuuno eli antisankarin ikuinen paluu” [The Super Moon, or the Eternal Return of the Antihero]. Wider Screen 1–2 (1999). In Finnish. http://www.widerscreen.fi/1999/1-2/superuuno_eli_ antisankarin_ikuinen_paluu.htm. On whether or not the antihero Uuno Turhapuro conforms to the nature of the hero in Frye’s theory of modes. Lajtai, László L. “Nemzeti vagy felekezeti történelem? A nemzeti történelem diskurzusa az első magyar történelem-tankönyvek Szent István-képének vizsgálatán keresztül” [The Discourse of National History in the First Hungarian History Books (1777–1848). Interpretations of the Rule of (Saint) Stephen I]. Korall— Társadalomtörténeti folyóirat 15–16 (2004): 205–25. Examines Hayden White’s theory of emplotments and their derivation from Frye’s four mythoi. Lambek, Michael. “The Sakalava Poiesis of History: Realizing the Past through Spirit Possession in Madagascar.” American Ethnologist 25, no. 2 (1998): 106–27. In analysing Sakalava performances, turns to Hayden White’s four modes of emplotment, which were derived from Frye’s four basic mythoi: comedy, romance, irony, and tragedy. Lambert, Raphaël. “Race and the Tragic Mode in Ernest J. Gaines’s A Gathering of Old Men.” Southern Literary Journal 42, no. 2 (Spring 2010): 106–25. “Tragedy, Northrop Frye argues, ‘seems to elude the antithesis of moral responsibility and arbitrary fate, just as it eludes the antithesis of good and evil.’ Frye’s definition is particularly relevant to understanding the action and psychology of Big Charlie, killer of Beau and tragic hero of Gaines’s A Gathering of Old Men.” Lamey, Andy. Review of Strange Things: The Malevolent North in Canadian Literature, by Margaret Atwood. New Republic 214 (24 June 1996): 33–40. Glances at the nationalist identity anxiety in Margaret Atwood’s criticism and its source in Frye.

Landa, J.A. Garcia. “Notes from Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism (A Post-Mortem of the Anatomy).” Humanities Commons. (2020): 1–47. Landa’s notes (ca. 1985) edited with illustrations for online publication. https://www.ibercampus.eu/ notes-from-northrop-fryes-anatomy-of-criticism-5391. Landar, Herbert. Review of Explorations in Communication: An Anthology, ed. Marshall McLuhan and Edmund Carpenter. American Anthropologist 62 (August 1961): 874–6. Summarizing Frye’s contribution to this anthology, “The Language of Poetry,” Landar remarks “we also have the critic Northrop Frye arguing that some poetry is best understood partly in terms of traditional symbols or archetypes of multiple implication.” Landow, George P. Aesthetic and Critical Theory of John Ruskin. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2015. Notes Frye’s judgments about Ruskin from a “genuine” literary critic. Landrum, Nancy E., Connor Tomaka, and John McCarthy. “Analyzing the Religious War of Words over Climate Change.” Journal of Macromarketing 36, no. 4 (December 2016): 471–82. In coding written passages the authors rely on the four forms of emplotment advanced by Frye and Hayden White: tragedy, irony, romance, and comedy. Landry, Marcia. “Tercentenary Celebrations of Paradise Lost.” Seventeenth-Century News 26 (Summer 1968): 33. Gives an abstract of Frye’s lecture, “The Revelation to Eve,” presented at the University of Pittsburgh in celebration of the tercentenary of Paradise Lost, and later published. Landy, Francis. “Do We Want Our Children to Read This Book?” Semeia 77 (1997): 157. Notes that Frye’s entire career was dedicated to exploring the connections between the mythic resources found in the Bible, Homer, and English literature, culminating in The Great Code and Words with Power. “I soon realized,” wrote Frye, “that a student of English Literature who does not know the Bible does not understand a great deal of what is going on.” Lane, Lauriat, Jr. “Literary Criticism and Scholarship.” Literary History of Canada: Canadian Literature in English, vol. 3, 2nd ed., ed. Carl F. Klinck. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1976. 32–62 [58–62]. A consideration of “the special yet exemplary role” Frye has played in Canadian scholarship and criticism since 1950. Also gives attention to some of the things that have been written about Frye’s work.

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Lane, Richard J. “Northrop Frye.” Fifty Key Literary Theorists. London: Routledge, 2006. 111–16. Lang, Robert. “Northrop Frye.” Contemporary Canadian Authors. Andover, UK: Gale Research International, Limited, 1996. Langan, Celeste. Review of Anahid Nersessian, Utopia, Limited: Romanticism and Adjustment. Wordsworth Circle 47, no. 4 (Autumn 2016): 204. “Utopia, Limited is richly allusive, but its most important engagement is with Frye, whose shorthand for an unfinished book triangulating Romanticism, romance, and utopia, ‘Rcsm,’ offers a template for Nersessian’s own study. Nersessian reads the ungainly abbreviation as a figure for the minimal, and more broadly for the ‘low adjustment utopia’ Frye proposed as the chief Romantic contribution to political philosophy.” Langbauer, Laurie. “Romance.” In A Companion to the English Novel, ed. Stephen Arata et al. Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell, 2015. 103–16. Frye is “one of romance’s most perceptive interpreters.” Draws on his theory of romance throughout and on Frye’s efforts to distinguish the prose romance from the novel. Langbaum, Robert. “The Function of Criticism Once More.” Yale Review 54 (Winter 1965): 205–18. Rpt. in Langbaum, The Modern Spirit: Essays on the Continuity of Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Literature. New York: Oxford University Press, 1970. 3–17 [7–8]. Frye is seen as completing the thought of Coleridge and Arnold. Comments briefly on Frye’s conception of the critic as the one who holds the key to all forms of verbal discourse. Lange, Horst. “Northrop Frye, Anatomy of Criticism.” Monatshefte für Deutschsprachige Literatur und Kultur 95, no. 2 (Summer 2003): 318–24. A rereading of Frye’s Anatomy fifty years after. As the age of so-called theory turned out to offer much less than it promised, “it seems natural to ask ourselves where in all the giddiness we went astray and to reexamine the theoretical landscape we thought had been rendered forever insignificant. How about, for example, Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism? His great liberality of mind, which gives equal weight to Shakespeare and Charlie Chaplin and joyfully embraces a multitude of critical methods, his stupendous erudition and precise wit, and, finally, his unflagging optimism that critics can make literature and criticism matter to anyone might serve as a welcome antidote to whatever is ailing us today.” Concludes, however, that “Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism, I am sad to report, does not quench our thirst for theoretical alternatives.”

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Langer, Brendon. “Rehabilitating Northrop Frye and the Kerygmatic.” Paper presented at the 10th International Conference of the Utopian Studies Society.” University of Porto, Portugal, 1–4 July 2009. –  “Thinking Metaphorically, ‘Engaged Kerygmatically’: Utopian Concerns in the Phenomenology of Myth of Northrop Frye.” Paper presented at the 34th annual Meeting of the Society for Utopian Studies, Wrightsville Beach, NC, 31 October 2009. Langer, Ellen. “Northrop Frye’s ‘Critical Path’ in Retrospect.” Paper presented the Presidential Symposium, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic, 29 June 2006. Langille, Brian. “The Singular Pluralism of Harry Arthurs.” In Daunting Enterprise of the Law: Essays in Honour of Harry W. Arthurs, ed. Simon Archer et al. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2017. “‘[G]lobalization of the mind’ now plays the same sort of role that what we might call the ‘legalization of the mind’ did when Harry started his journey. But our task in both eras, which Harry stands astride, remains the same. It consists in what Northrop Frye advised in On Education—maintaining an unrelentingly keen eye out, and deep distaste, for anything “doctrinaire.” By this, he has in mind what Harry does—the received wisdom, the accepted and unexamined ‘truth,’ the university as producer of complacent and compliant citizens, anti-intellectualism, the cultivation of a politically convenient mindlessness, what everyone knows, what is fashionable, cliché, prejudice, correctness, and propaganda. All this got in the way of, and was designed to replace, independent critical thought. Harry has maintained such a keen eye for decades. He has also held true to Frye’s ideal of society’s true teacher, as well as the scholar, because Harry, to use Frye’s words, ‘has persisted in the immortal task granted only to teachers, the task of corrupting its youth.’ He challenges us all to take charge of our own thought.” Langham, Kent. “Transforming Perspectives: The Angel’s Key in William Blake’s The Chimney Sweeper.” The Explicator 75, no. 2 (2017): 133–6. “Northrop Frye says, ‘The poem is about the state of innocence, so it ends with children made happy and warm by a dream of the resurrection.’” Langkjær, Michael A. “A Teiresias og kontrafakta—om mytebaserede alternative fortider” [Tiresias and Counterfactuals—On the Use of Myth in Constructing Alternative Pasts]. (July 2001): 30–47. In Norwegian. Treats the topic of myth as an aid in composing a counterfactual Den jyske Historiker (Historien der ikke

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blev til noget). [The Jutland Historian (History that did not come into being)] essay, “Min Vilje er min Skæbne” (“My Will Is My Fate”), about the Danish minister Count Johann Friedrich Struensee (1737–72). Suggests that mythical archetypes and motives can be used in emplotting the hypothetical lines of activity taken by historical figures in counterfactual circumstances. In light of this view, discusses the ideas of C.G. Jung, Northrop Frye, and others on the role of myth in structuring the lives of individuals and societies. Langman, F.H. “Anatomizing Northrop Frye.” British Journal of Aesthetics 18 (Spring 1978): 104–19. Examines Frye’s claim that all literature can be seen as a simultaneous whole. Argues that there is no a priori reason to accept and no empirical evidence to support his assumption of universally communicable symbols. Claims that Frye’s theory of the archetype confuses recurring images, which may be universal, with symbols, which are not. Argues further that Frye’s terms derive from a dated and dubious psychology and anthropology. Concludes that his theory lacks both coherence and autonomy. Langmuir, Christopher. “Keats: The Two and Thirty Palaces Revisited.” Notes and Queries 61, no. 4 (2014): 514–15. “A.L. Mayhew’s confident assertion in 1877 that ‘The two and thirty palaces’ [in Keats’s letter to J.H. Reynolds] no doubt refers to the Buddhist doctrine (in Tibet) of the thirty-two ‘places of delight,’ wherein the Iha, the deified spirits of the pious, receive the reward of their good deeds by transmigration into other bodies, has misled subsequent editors and readers of the letters and distracted attention from the true source of the quotation. Even Northrop Frye was beguiled into detecting something ‘oriental’ in the phrase.” Lanham, Neil. “The Double Vision of ‘Natural Man.’” Folk Life 53, no. 2 (2015): 151–71. “Northrop Frye, through studying the metaphoric nature of the Bible, recognized in the early nineteenth-century English poet William Blake a completely metaphoric mind which he called ‘The Double Vision.’ Blake said, ‘I can see the past, the present and the future at the same time.’ It is this idea that I primarily discuss in this paper.” Lanier, Gregory W. “Two Opposite Animals: Structural Pairing in Sam Shepard’s A Lie of the Mind.” Modern Drama 34 (1990): 410–21. Maintains that the structural repetitions of Shepard’s play join the many plot components from Frye’s comic mythos but the expectation of a comic resolution proves a lie of the mind. Lanovik, B.Z. Newsletter of Zhytomyr State University (Ukraine) 2004. Based on the work of Frye and others,

examines the main problems in the reception and interpretation of Biblical poetics, and analyses the phenomenon of the sacred text, and polysemy. Lanser, Susan. “The Diachronization of Jane Eyre.” In How to Do Things with Narrative, ed. Jan Alber and Greta Olson in collaboration with Birte Christ. Berlin and Boston: Walter de Gruyter, 2018. “Of course, some of the theorizing that underwrote narratology avant la letter— one thinks of Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism and Erich Auerbach’s Mimesis—do span centuries.” Lantos, John. “The Bioethical Implications of the LatkeHamantash Debate; or, Small Fry, Deep Fry, in Your Eye, Northrop Frye.” In The Great Latke-Hamantash Debate, ed. Ruth Fredman Cernea, foreword by Ted Cohen. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006. “Every November at the University of Chicago, the best minds in the world come together to consider the question that ranks with these as one of the most enduring of human history: latke or hamantash? This great latke-hamantash debate, occurring every year for the past six decades, brings Nobel laureates, university presidents, and notable scholars together to argue whether the potato pancake or the triangular Purim pastry is in fact the worthier food.” La Polla, France. “II gran chirugo della letteratura” [The Great Surgeon of Literature]. Il Resto del Carlino (24 April 1989). In Italian. A feature story on Frye’s work from the Anatomy to The Great Code, written on the occasion of his receiving an honorary degree from the University of Bologna on 24 April 1989. Lapp, John. “La critique des Mythes et l’interprétation de Racin” [Myth Criticism and the Interpretation of Racine]. In Racine: Mythes et Réalités London, ON: University of Western Ontario, Société d’Etude du xviie siècle, 1976. 71–85. (Actes du Colloque Racine, University of Western Ontario, March 1974). Applies modern myth theory, especially Frye’s, in interpreting selected plays by Racine. Larkin, Edward. Review of Vergangenheit: Perspektiven in der deutschsprachigen Gegenwartsliteratur [The Past: Perspectives on German-Language Contemporary Literature], by Horst S. Daemmrich, and The Long Shadow of the Past: Contemporary Austrian Literature, Film, and Culture, by Katya Krylova.” German Studies Review 41, no. 3 (October 2018): 679–82. “What is the past? Can we have access to it? Can literary structures inform us about the past? What happens if we forget to remember the past? These are just some of the questions that the authors, Horst Daemmrich and Katya Krylova, explicate in their diverse books within

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

the context of recent thinking about the past. . . . The proffered analyses, ranging from half a page to some ten pages, provide conclusive evidence for the efficacy of this interpretorial approach. But the discussions do not merely aim to cite structural aspects of texts. Central to the method is a profound embrace of ethical thinking, i.e., individual responsibility, and of a steadfast belief in personal development. The approach calls to mind a combination of Ernst Cassirer’s philosophy, the psychology of Carl Rogers, and Northrop Frye’s literary analysis.” Larmour, David H.J. Review of Howard D. Weinbrot, Menippean Satire Reconsidered: From Antiquity to the Eighteenth Century. Comparative Literature Studies 45, no. 2 (2008): 253–5. “Menippean satire, ‘so approximate a genre,’ as Howard Weinbrot says, has accrued to itself a variegated array of exemplars. The list which opens this book, ranging from Satyricon and Gargantua and Pantagruel, through Hamlet and Tristram Shandy, to Moby Dick and Portnoy’s Complaint, may happily resemble the lanx satura or farrago of Roman satire, but Weinbrot thinks it is in need of some severe thinning out. Consequently, he postulates a restricted definition of Menippean satire, narrowing the broad focus of Mikhail Bakhtin and Northrop Frye to the following: ‘a kind of satire that uses at least two different languages, genres, tones, or cultural or historical periods to combat a false and threatening orthodoxy.’” Larsen, Brian. Archetypes and the Gospel: Literature and Theology in Conversation. London: T&T Clark, 2018. “This book explores the interaction of literature and theology by means of archetypal criticism with specific reference to certain characters in the Fourth Gospel. Northrop Frye’s system of archetypal literary criticism (Anatomy of Criticism, 1957) consisting of the four mythoi or archetypes of romance, tragedy, irony and satire, and comedy offers a compelling summary of literature and forms the governing framework and means of exchange between literature and theology.”

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in general. The explanation for this popularity is not hard to guess: professing to be a biographical account of a love affair in the life of Cicero, the grave dictator of Renaissance thought, Ciceronis Amor is in fact one of Greene’s most imaginative and engaging pieces of fiction. The work needs to be evaluated not as biography, not as a prototypal novel, but rather as an example of prose romance, as Northrop Frye has defined the term.” (author’s abstract) Larson, Donald R. “La Dama Boba and the Comic Sense of Life.” Romanische Forschungen 85 (1973): 41–62. Lope’s play is a comedia in Frye’s sense of New Comedy and in Langer’s sense of life triumphant. Larson, Sidner. Captured in the Middle: Tradition and Experience in Contemporary Native American Writing. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2000. On “finding connections between such diverse scholars as Native American historian Vine Deloria Jr. and Canadian-European theorist Northrop Frye. Both suggest that at the deepest philosophical level our universe must have as a structure a set of relationships in which all entities participate. Deloria’s sense is that within the physical world this universal structure can best be understood as a recognition of the sacredness of spaces. Frye, on the other hand, recognizes the unique nature of religious symbolism, its apparent correspondence with places, its vibrant ability to reassert itself in time of religious crisis, and the implications of the existence or absence of a universal symbol system of religious experience.”

Larsen, Timothy T. “Literacy and Biblical Knowledge: The Victorian Age and Our Own.” Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 52, no. 3 (September 2009): 519–35. Points to Frye’s observation that students can hardly understand English literature without a knowledge of the Bible.

Larty, Joanne. “Narrating the Entrepreneur: Franchising as a Shakespearean Romantic Comedy.” Paper presented at the Second Conference on Rhetoric and Narratives in Management Research, Barcelona, 31 May–2 June 2007. Illustrates the importance of the literary frameworks in Anatomy of Criticism for franchising narratives. Explores the narratives of fifteen franchisees as they tell the stories of their journeys into franchising, and analyses these stories in turn through the lens of Frye’s account of Shakespearean romantic comedy, or what he sometimes refers to as the “Green world” comedy. Concludes that the portraying of franchising as the “Green world” of small business ownership offers a safe and secure environment in which to live out the dreams of being in control and owning your own business.

Larson, Charles H. “Robert Greene’s Ciceronis Amor: Fictional Biography in the Romance Genre.” Studies in the Novel 6, no. 3 (Fall 1974): 256–67. “Although Robert Greene’s Ciceronis Amor: Tullies Love (1589) is rarely read today, it was one of the most popular works of Greene in particular and of Elizabethan prose fiction

LaRubia Prado, Francisco. “Franco as Cyborg: ‘The Body Re-Formed by Politics: Part Flesh, Part Machine.’” Journal of Spanish Cultural Studies 1, no. 2 (2000): 135– 52. “Franco’s political identity did not exist beyond the mask created by official scenography and the superficial features that made possible the continuous highly

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personalized assertion of his power. Among the features of the romance hero attributable to Franco there is one that fits perfectly with the lack of ‘secrets’ in Franco’s personality. As Frye notes, in romance the writer does not attempt to create ‘real people’ so much as stylized figures which expand into psychological archetypes [. . . . ] The romancer deals [. . .] with characters in vacuo.’ In [E.M.] Forster’s critical language Franco would be closer to the ‘flat character’ of romance than to the ‘rounded character’ of the novel who possesses a complex personality or ‘secret.’” Lasa, Cecilia, and Carina Menan. ‘“A Midsummer Night’s Dream’: Regulating Desire in the Emerging Modern State.” Interstudia (Revista Centrului Interdisciplinar de Studiu al Formelor Discursive Contemporane Interstud) 21 (2017): 81–8. “The rise of Modern politics poses a challenge to the contrivance of fiction and the Elizabethan playwright’s comedies are no exception. In fact, the literary critic Northrop Frye contends: ‘This world of fairies, dreams, disembodied souls, and pastoral lovers may not be a “real” world, but, if not, there is something equally illusory in the stumbling and blinded follies of the “normal” world, of Theseus’ Athens with its idiotic marriage law, of Duke Frederick and his melancholy tyranny, of Leontes and his mad jealousy, of the Court Party with their plots and intrigues.’” LaSelva, Samuel V. Canada and the Ethics of Constitutionalism: Identity, Destiny, and Constitutional Faith. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2018. Examines Frye’s views on Canadian constitutionalism and Canadian identity. Lasheras, Rodrigo Guijarro. “La música narrada: El jazz como fenómeno intermedial en El invierno en Lisboa de Antonio Muñoz Molina” [The Narrated Music: Jazz as an Intermediary Phenomenon in Antonio Muñoz Molina’s The Winter in Lisbon]. Bulletin of Hispanic Studies 95, no. 7 (2018): 753–66. In Spanish. Frye is said to represent impressionism, one of the most frequent complaints lodged against those in music studies. La Shure, Charles. “An Inquiry into the Heroic Nature of Bang Hakjung.” Journal of Korean Literature 28 (2013): 313–34. On the trickster and anti-heroic folk character Bang Hakjung, an example of the ironic character in Frye’s theory of modes. Lau, Charlene. “Lorna Mills.” Canadian Art 35, no. 2 (Summer 2018): 116–17. Lorna Mills’s exhibition at the Transfer Gallery, New York City, entitled “The Great Code,” references Frye’s biblical analysis. Lavagnino, Nicolás. “Tropología, agencia y lenguajes históricos en Hayden White” [Tropology, Agency and

Historical Languages in Hayden White]. Ideas y Valores 60, no. 145 (2011): 87–111. In Spanish. On the influence of Frye on Hayden White’s theory about the narrative shapes of historical accounts. Lavie, Smadar. “When Leadership Becomes Allegory: Mzeina Sheikhs and the Experience of Military Occupation.” Cultural Anthropology 4, no. 2 (May 1989): 99–136. Draws on the theories of allegory advanced by Stephen Greenblatt and Frye to argue that the narrative of the sheikh’s allegory entails the paradoxes of both the Mzeina and their sheikhs. Lavin, Albert A. “The Position Paper: Some Meanings and Uses of Myth.” In The Uses of Myth, ed. Paul A. Olson. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English, 1968. 17–27 [18–19, 22–3]. A brief summary of Frye’s approach to myth, which is seen as one of the three representative modern approaches. “Frye has made myth the servant of poetry by constructing an architectonic view of literature, standing back, as it were, from the results of earlier twentieth-century criticism and gaining a perspective on its main currents, synthesizing the various ‘armed visions’ and reconciling the divisions between aesthetic and moral criticism. Perhaps Frye has stated best the place of literature and literary criticism in the city of man.” Lavoie, Chantel. “Rebelling against Prophecy in Harry Potter and The Underland Chronicle.” The Lion and the Unicorn 38, no. 1 (January 2014): 45–65. “Dumbledore adheres to the stereotype that Northrop Frye identified as the ‘old wise man . . . often the magician who affects the action he watches over.’” Lawless, Greg. “The Myth of Northrop Frye.” Harvard Crimson (7 April 1975). http://www.thecrimson. com/article/1975/4/7/the-myth-of-northrop-fryepnorthrop/. “Frye’s elegantly straight-forward approach and his vast knowledge of literature is something you will have to experience in person. Perhaps the real beauty of Northrop Frye is that be can’t be classified. As he says, ‘those who are incapable of distinguishing between a recognition of archetypes and a Procrustean methodology which forces everything into a pre­ fabricated scheme would be well advised to leave the whole question alone.’ Since Frye is something of an archetype himself, maybe it’s better to let him make his own unified impact on you today.” Lawrence, Lisa. “Introduction to Literary Criticism: The Scarlet Letter. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED451531. (2000). Contains notes on Frye’s archetypal criticism. Lawson, Todd. “Duality, Opposition and Typology in the Qur’an: The Apocalyptic Substrate.” Journal of Qur’anic

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Studies 10, no. 2 (2008): 23–49. Discusses the application of Frye’s methodology to the Qur’an. –  Review of God Is Beautiful: The Aesthetic Experience of the Quran, by Navid Kermani. Journal of the American Academy of Religion 84, no. 3 (2016): 853–6. –  Review of Recognition in the Arabic Narrative Tradition: Discovery, Deliverance and Delusion, by Philip F. Kennedy. Journal of the American Oriental Society 139, no. 3 (July–September 2019): 726–7. “Northrop Frye borrowed from William Blake his title The Great Code: The Bible and Literature to emphasize the point that one of the features of ‘Western Civilization’ is that the Bible, its images and metaphors, its rhythms, its worldview, its spirit, circulates throughout and forms the very basis of the literary culture and Gedankenwelt of Christendom. While it has always been acknowledged that the Quran functions, perhaps even more intensely, in its milieu and for its audience in precisely the same way, scholars have been slow to apply the kinds of literary methodologies— or their cognates—that Frye used to make his point. This volume goes a good distance in demonstrating the truth of the Frygian insight as applied to the Quran and in a language understood by those most needful of the lesson. . . . It is thus a most welcome contribution to the study, analysis, and explication of Islamicate culture, Arabic literature, the Quran, and Islam.” –  “Typological Figuration and the Meaning of Spiritual: The Qur’anic Story of Joseph.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 132, no. 2 (2012): 221–44. Draws substantially on Frye’s use of typology. Lawton, David. “Northrop Frye: An Interview with David Lawton.” AUMLA: Journal of the Australasian Universities Language and Literature Association 66 (November 1986): 249–59. Rpt. in Interviews, ed. O’Grady, 779–89. Layton, Irving. Engagements: The Prose of Irving Layton. Ed. Seymour Mayne. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1972. xiii, 58, 59, 109, 157, 159, 165–70, 172–4. Maintains that Frye can be “safely ignored by poets and novelists.” Claims that Frye separates literature from life and that his science of criticism is abstract and outdated. –  On Frye. Audiotape in CBC Archives, Toronto. CBC reference no. 721028-1. Broadcast on 28 October 1972. 3 min. In an interview on the “This Is Robert Fulford” series, talks about his early criticism of Frye and his present admiration for him. Says that in many ways he “mythologized” Frye, making him a sinister figure. But “all along I had a huge suspicion of the overwhelming intellectual integrity and worth of Frye. But precisely

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because he was such a tremendous intellect and such a tremendous influence I had to fight him.” Lazarescu, Gheorghe. “Structuri comice în teatrul lui I.L. Caragaile” [Comic Structures in the Theatre of I.L. Caragaile]. Limba si literatura 3 (1987): 307–10. In Romanian. Lazičić, Goran, and Elena Messner. “Komik und Paranoia in der Prosa von David Albahari und Svetislav Basara” [Humor and Paranoia in the Prose Writing of David Albahari and Svetislav Basara]. Књижевна историја [Literary History]. 168 (2019): 9–25. In German. Refers to Frye’s definition of satire as “militant irony.” Leach, Nat. “Between the ‘Hostile Body’ and the ‘Hieroglyphic Human Soul’: The Ethics of Beddoes’s ‘Mental Theatre.’” In The Ashgate Research Companion to Thomas Lovell Beddoes, ed. Ute Berns and Michael Bradshaw. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 2007. Beddoes’s anxiety about the body and its representation is typical of Romantic drama, while, as Northrop Frye has suggested, he also has links to a much more modern sensibility. . . . Frye suggests that Beddoes anticipates the ‘theatre of the absurd.’” Several of the essays in this collection point to Frye’s essay on Beddoes in A Study of English Romanticism as a landmark study. Leatham, Jeremy S. “Beyond Eden: Revising Allegory in Steinbeck’s “Big Book.” Steinbeck Review 7, no. 1 (2010): 10–29. “Renewed interest in allegory can be credited to Walter Benjamin, Paul de Man, Northrop Frye, and others, and allegory has made a minor comeback in literary criticism. Much of this shift results from a reinterpretation of allegory itself, an interpretation that recognizes the possibility of its greater complexity and is prompted by an increasing skepticism of definitive or exclusive readings of any text.” Leavis, L.R. “Joseph Conrad and Creative Integrity.” English Studies 72, no. 1 (February 1991): 28–37. Discusses how versions of Northrop Frye’s archetypal “myth-hunting,” along with waves of subsequent theologies and theories of literature, have engulfed novelist Joseph Conrad. Lecker, Robert. “The Development of the Protagonist in Northrop Frye’s ‘Conclusion’ to the Literary History of Canada.” In Essays in Canadian Literature: Proceedings from the Second International Conference of the Nordic Association for Canadian Studies, University of Lund, 1987, ed. Jorn Carlsen and Bengt Streijffert. Lund: Nordic Association for Canadian Studies, 1989. 71–7. An early version of Lecker’s “A Quest for the Peaceable Kingdom,” below.

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–  Making It Real: The Canonization of English-Canadian Literature. Toronto: Anansi, 1995. The penultimate chapter is an examination of Frye’s “Conclusion” to Literary History of Canada. –  “Nobody Gets Hurt Bullfighting CanadianStyle: Rereading Frank Davey’s ‘Surviving the Paraphrase.” In Contemporary Literary Criticism, ed. Lawrence J. Trudeau, vol. 425. Detroit: Gale, 2018. Literature Resource Center. http:// link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/H1100124302/ LitRC?u=nclivedc&sid=LitRC&xid=0b0ef721. Touches on Davey’s critique of Frye’s thematic criticism. –  “‘A Quest for the Peaceable Kingdom’: The Narrative in Northrop Frye’s Conclusion to the Literary History of Canada.” PMLA 108 (March 1993): 283–93. Rpt. in Northrop Frye’s Canadian Literary Criticism and Its Influence, ed. Branko Gorjup. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009. 260–76. “The conclusion Frye contributed to the Literary History of Canada (1965) depicts in narrative form his evolving sense of how critics necessarily become involved in their critical creations and, further, of how the degree of this involvement provides a measure of their own imaginative development. Frye reads the Canadian literary tradition as a romance that implicates him in its structures. Because the conclusion glosses the falland-redemption myth that inspires much of his work, it illustrates his conception of literary history making as simultaneously an act of self-making. Viewed from the perspective of Frye’s own transforming voyage through it, the conclusion appears in a new light as a romance about the creation of the idea of Canada, a metaphoric conception that is transhistorical, autonomous, and distinctly literary” (Lecker’s abstract). An earlier version was published as “The Development of the Protagonist in Northrop Frye’s ‘Conclusion’ to the Literary History of Canada” (see above). –  “Where is here Now?” Essays on Canadian Writing 71 (Fall 2000): 6–13. An introduction to a special millennial issue of Essays on Canadian Writing, which had encouraged various critics to reflect on the “metaphorical question that seems to have haunted so much discussion about Canadian literature ever since Northrop Frye posed it in 1965: ‘Where is here?’” LeCoat, Gerard G. “Literary and Musical Syntax of the Eighteenth Century.” In Intertextuality: New Perspectives in Criticism, ed. Jeanine Parisier Plottel and Hanna Charney. New York: New York Literary Forum, 1978. 159–76. Seeks to demonstrate that the two recurrent literary ideologies Frye opposes in “Towards Defining an Age of Sensibility,” the Longinian and the

Aristotelian, can be applied not just to the literature of the eighteenth century but to its music as well. What Frye says of Pope, for example, can also be said of Bach, his contemporary. Leddy, Lianne C. Review of Land & Sea: Environmental History in Atlantic Canada, by Claire Campbell and Robert Summerby-Murray. American Review of Canadian Studies 43, no. 4 (November 2013): 532–4. Ledwon, Lenora, ed. Law and Literature: Text and Theory. London and New York: Routledge, 2015. Introductory notes to section VII, Law and Society, call attention to Frye’s observation that the rhetoric of comedy and the rhetoric of jurisprudence are similar. “Both are linked by a strong desire on the part of the audience (or the jury) for the ‘correct’ or ‘happy’ ending, an ending that will move society toward a more desirable state. Thus, it is no coincidence that law and lawyers serve an important function in many comic works.” Lee, Alvin A. “Archetypal Criticism.” In Encyclopedia of Contemporary Literary Theory: Approaches, Scholars, Terms, ed. Irena R. Makaryk. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1993. 3–5. –  “Archetype.” In Encyclopedia of Contemporary Literary Theory: Approaches, Scholars, Terms, ed. Irena R. Makaryk. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1993. 508. –  “The Collected Works of Northrop Frye: A Progress Report.” Northrop Frye Newsletter 9, no. 2 (Summer 2002): 12–14. On the status of the Collected Works project, ten volumes of which were in print at the time, with another three in press. Lee was general editor of the project. –  “The Collected Works of Northrop Frye: The Project and the Edition.” In Rampton, Northrop Frye, 1–15. A history of the Collected Works project, of which Lee was general editor. –  “Editor’s Introduction.” In The Great Code: The Bible and Literature, ed. Alvin A. Lee. Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 19. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006. xvii–xlix. –  “Frye, Northrop.” In Encyclopedia of Contemporary Literary Theory: Approaches, Scholars, Terms, ed. Irena R. Makaryk. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1993. 324–5. An overview of Frye’s career, with special attention to Anatomy of Criticism, The Great Code, and Words with Power.

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

–  “Frye, Northrop.” In The Oxford Companion to Canadian History, ed. Gerald Hallowell. Don Mills: Oxford University Press, 2004. 244–5. –  “Garrison mentality.” In The Oxford Companion to Canadian History, ed. Gerald Hallowell. Don Mills: Oxford University Press, 2004. 253–4. –  “Gold-Hall and Earth Dragon: Beowulf and ‘FirstPhase’ Language.” English Studies in Canada 19 (June 1993): 201–8. Uses the idea of “first-phase” language, developed by Frye in his two books on the Bible, to explore the language of Beowulf. Argues that the poem relies on a language of myth and metaphor and not, as most criticism of the poem assumes, a language of metonymy and analogy. –  Gold-Hall and Earth-Dragon: “Beowulf” as Metaphor. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998. “Lee makes use of a wide, archetypal literary context for Beowulf to provide illuminating parallels and contrasts with poems and fictions from other times and places. He demonstrates how the poem’s symbolic system reveals itself through the metaphorical workings of the Old English words, patterns of imagery, and more general narrative structures, and how the poem might have been experienced and interpreted by the Anglo-Saxons in the light of other Old English poems. The critical tools that Lee uses—combining certain techniques of New Criticism and close reading with postmodern theories of the self-referentiality of language and with Northrop Frye’s conceptions of structure and polysemy in literature—make possible a fresh new account of Beowulf as a work that is very much alive in its poetic language, a finely wrought symbolic work of imagining, still resonant with meanings old and new.” (publisher’s abstract) –  “Introduction.” In Northrop Frye on Religion, ed. Alvin A. Lee and Jean O’Grady. Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 4. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000. xvii–xxxvii. –  James Reaney. New York: Twayne, 1968. 21–4, 131–2. Argues for the influence of Frye on Reaney. –  “The McMaster Stratford Seminar and Northrop Frye.” In McMaster Stratford Shakespeare Seminar Series, ed. Jill Humphries. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University, Office of Alumni Advancement, 2009. 64–7. On the several occasions that Frye participated in the seminar. –  “Myth.” In Encyclopedia of Contemporary Literary Theory: Approaches, Scholars, Terms, ed. Irena R. Makaryk. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1993. 596–7.

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–  “Northrop Frye: Identity not Negation.” Recherches sémiotics/Semiotic Inquiry 13, no. 3 (1993): 33–46. Contrasts Frye’s understanding of the possibilities of language with de Man’s view of language as selfreferential and as negation. –  “Northrop Frye’s Thoughts on Translation.” Northrop Frye Newsletter 9, no. 2 (Summer 2002): 15–19. On the problems of translation as confronted by Frye here and there in his writings and on the translations of his own works. –  “Old English Poetry, Medieval Exegesis and Modern Criticism.” Studies in the Literary Imagination 8 (Spring 1975): 47–73. Includes a detailed description of Frye’s theory of symbols. Compares Frye’s theory of the levels of literary meaning with the medieval theory and then applies both to Old English poetry. Sees Frye’s theory of symbols (“Ethical Criticism” in Anatomy of Criticism) as “a brilliant essay that does for modern interpretative criticism what the medieval theory of levels of meaning . . . did for medieval exegesis.” –  “Reading the Intellectual Temperature at Peking University.” McMaster Courier (16 June 1994): 4. On the experience of teaching Frye’s Modern Century to Chinese students in 1993. –  “Sacred and Secular Scripture(s) in the Thought of Northrop Frye.” In Donaldson and Mendelson, Frye and the Word, 23–42. On the conceptions of sacred and secular literature in Frye’s work. In the final analysis, the former category subsumes the latter. –  “Souvenirs de Frye/Remembering Frye: Lee’s Memories.” Ellipse: Texts littéraires canadiens en traduction/ Canadian Writing in Translation 69 (Spring 2003): 58–9. –  “Towards a Language of Love and Freedom: Frye Deciphers the Great Code.” Paper presented at a symposium and panel discussion on The Great Code at Emmanuel College, University of Toronto, 1 October 1982. 24 pp. Photo-duplicated. Examines Frye’s use of the principle of polysemous meaning in The Great Code and the way it might be used in the second volume of this work. Compares the four phases of symbolism in Anatomy of Criticism and the medieval four levels of meaning in order to see how they are treated in The Great Code. Thinks Frye has left out some of the vital aspects of the medieval schema. Concludes by suggesting the impact The Great Code might have: the book “could and should have a very powerful creative influence on a world badly in need of a new language of love and freedom.”

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–  “Victoria’s Contribution to Canadian Literary Culture.” In From Cobourg to Toronto: Victoria University in Retrospect: The Sesquicentennial Lectures, 1986, by A. Brian McKillop et al. Toronto: Chartres Books, 1989, 69–86 [69, 77–8]. On Frye’s deep and pervasive influence at Victoria University and beyond: Frye’s “mind, with everexpanding erudition but no diminishing of imaginative energy, has moved for more than a halfcentury over most of the verbal lore of our civilization, illuminating, defining, and providing daring syntheses.” –  “What The Great Code Is and Does.” Talk presented at the Frye Festival in 2005. https://macblog.mcmaster. ca/fryeblog/what-the-great-code-is-and-does/. “The Great Code is a powerfully structured and intricately detailed prose poem about the possibility of human love and freedom through a new kind of understanding of the Bible. By a process of imaginative literalism, the author invites the reader to confront the major challenges of the Bible—its sheer length, its complexity, most of its 80 books, its having been composed during more than a millennium, its being read in translation by most readers, its unifying but also its fragmenting characteristics, its traditional claim as the Word of God told through human agents, all this and more—in the hope that the old writings will breathe new life and so enable genuine individuals to be born, imaginatively and spiritually. The intention is to free the hoary ancestral text from centuries of doctrinal accretions and of having been misread as history when it is not, except in vestigial ways, so that it can work again for thinking men and women (not necessarily religious ones) as the great visionary document of Western culture.” Lee, Alvin A., and Robert D. Denham, ed. The Legacy of Northrop Frye. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994. A selection (some thirty papers) from the conference presentations on Frye’s legacy, held at Victoria College, University of Toronto, in October 1992. Lee, Andrew. “Northrop Frye, ‘The Rear-View Mirror: Notes toward a Future,’ Divisions on a Ground (1982).” http://www.sfu.ca/~roman/page122/files/page122_ sidebar_5.pdf. Lee, Christine S. “The Meanings of Romance: Rethinking Early Modem Fiction.” Modern Philology 112, no. 2 (November 2014): 287.“‘Romance’ has become the word that indicates one of our most powerful genre categories, inspiring a long tradition of theory from W.P. Ker, Erich Auerbach, Northrop Frye, Patricia Parker, David Quint, and many others. But for 16th-century readers, the term as many understand it now did not exist. Much of what they today call Renaissance ‘romance’ was, in its own

day, a genre without a name—if, in fact, the authors of the new modes of fiction believed they worked within a common genre at all.” Lee, Derek. “Dark Romantic: F. Scott Fitzgerald and the Specters of Gothic Modernism.” Journal of Modern Literature 41, no. 4 (Summer 2018): 125–42. According to Frye, “As a precursor to several European Romanticisms, the romance tale with its hero quests, noble knights, and codes of courtly love established a basic pattern that readers easily recognize in Fitzgerald’s Jazz Age tales.” Lee, Dongwon. “A Study on Natural Symbols of Akam Poetry: Examined on the Basis of Frye’s Archetypal Criticism.” Journal of the Korean Society for the Comparative Study of East and West 45, no. 9 (2018): 239–60. In Korean. Lee, Hee Sook. “A Study on Some Elizabethan Tragedies from the Viewpoint of Northrop Frye’s ‘Tragic Modes.’” Seoul National University of Education Collection of Nominations 21 (January 1988): 217–38. In Korean. – “Gulliver’s Travels as Menippean Satire.” The Explicator. Published online 8 October 2018. https://www .tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00144940.2018 .1479235?journalCode=vexp20. Frye classifies Gulliver’s Travels as a Menippean satire; Lee shows specifically how Swift’s work is an example of the genre. Lee, Jae. “The Problem of Scientific Performance and Circulation in Literature, with Reference to Anatomy of Criticism.” Citizen Humanities 10 (2002): 5. In Korean. Lee, James Ward. “‘Boom Town’: A Romance of the Oil Patch.” Texas Gulf Historical & Biographical Record 37, no. 2 (2001): 7–16. Analyses the melodramatic Hollywood Texas oil film “Boom Town” (1940) and the James Edward Grant short story “A Lady Comes to Burkburnett” (1939), from which it was adapted, according to elements of the romance genre delineated by Frye and Wayne C. Booth. Lee, Judith Jaross. “The Year’s Work in American Humor Studies, 2007.” Studies in American Humor, New Series 3, no. 19 (2009): 105–37. Review of Mark Twain, Hank Morgan, and Menippean Satire in “A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court” by Reuben Sanchez. “Drawing his definitions of Menippean satire from M.H. Abrams, Northrop Frye, and Mikhail Bakhtin, Sanchez concludes that Connecticut Yankee fits the mold in every respect, especially insofar as Twain merged, rather than chose between, what Frye identified as the two poles of formal attitude typical of Menippean satire, the ‘literary fairy tale’ and utopian narrative.”

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Lee, Kyu Myoung. “In Depth Poetry: Jungian Archetypes Applied to Yeats.” Modern English Literature 46, no. 2 (2002): 105. Notes that when we think of the relation between literature and Jungian theories, we are often reminded of the practices of Northrop Frye’s archetypal criticism. But the meanings of archetypes argued by Jung and Frye are very different in that the former points out that archetypes clinically serve to accomplish the process of individuation through the quest of collective unconscious, while the latter reveals that all symbols converge into universal archetypes. Lee, Minhong. “The Poetic Creation of Images.” Korean Language Research 6, no. 7 (1993): 195. On the five levels of the great chain of being as a source of poetic imagery—divine, human, animal, vegetable, mineral—as these are defined by Frye. Lee, Monica. “Shelley’s Defense of Poetry and Frye: A Theory of Synchronicity.” In Lee and Denham, Legacy, 190–200. On the “strikingly synchronous” ways that Frye and Shelley agree about the revelatory power of literature. Lee, Seon Young. “Research Methods for Studying the Novel.” Studies in the Modern Novel 16 (2002): 9. In Korean. Frye’s mythological or archetypal criticism shows that there is a relation between social continuity and narrative form. Shares Frye’s views on the relationship between literature and society while disagreeing with his view that history is immutable. Lee, Seung Wei. “The Powers and Limitations of Frye’s Archetypal Criticism.” Journal of Lanzhou Polytechnic College 2 (2006). In Chinese. Lee, Sung Wook. “The Lord of the Rings: A Reading of the Film Using Biblical Texts to Bring the Narrative Allegory into Focus.” Film Studies 42 (December 2009): 513–43. In Korean. Maintains that in recent years, biblical research has noted the similarities of the Bible to literature, and this mode of critical reading has made the study of these features just as important as historical and theological perspectives. As Frye wrote in On Teaching Literature, “Without some knowledge of the Bible one simply does not know what is going on in English literature.” Knowledge of the Bible, then, has expanded our understanding of literature. Lee, Woohun. “Northrop Frye on Literary Education.” Korea Canadian Society, 1994. Lee, Young-joo. “Comic Vision in the Absurd World: The Homecoming.” Journal of Modern British and American Drama 20, no. 2 (August 2007): 109–26. In Korean. Interprets the world of Pinter’s The Homecoming within

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the context of traditional dramatic comedy and the comic vision as Frye has defined these conventions in Anatomy of Criticism. Lee, Young-Soo. “A Study of the Narrative Structure of Branded Contents.” Journal of the Korea Contents Association 16, no. 4 (2016): 503–15. In Korean. Uses Frye’s four mythoi—comedy, romance, irony, and tragedy—to study the different narrative brands in the storytelling of advertisements. Leeder, Murray. “The Canadian Horror Film: Terror of the Soul.” Canadian Journal of Film Studies 25, no. 2 (Fall 2016): 118–20. Review of Gina Freitag and André Loiselle’s anthology of essays, The Canadian Horror Film. “One wonders if the Frye and Atwood-derived master narrative of the collection is overdetermined and if The Canadian Horror Film is establishing a canon of Canadian horror films framed by themes of isolation and dread that inevitably exclude other works and other approaches.” Leeson, David M. “Northrop Frye and the Story of the Single-Player Shooter.” English Studies in Canada 37, no. 2 (June 2011): 137–52. “Guided by the work of literary critic Northrop Frye and using evidence from a dozen sixth-generation (6G) single-player shooters [video games], this article will show that these games have told (and continue to tell) a type of story to which they are particularly well-suited as a medium. Singleplayer shooters are mostly romances—adventure stories in which the hero is superior in degree to other men and to his environment.” (author’s summary) Lefter, Ion Bogdan. Anii 60–90. Critica literară [The Sixties and Nineties: Literary Criticism]. Pitești: Editura Paralela 45 (2002). In Romanian. Finds that Frye’s approach is consistent with Poulet’s notion that criticism is a higher form of literature and that the critic as artist can influence taste. Lefteratau, Anna. Mythological Narratives: The Bold and Faithful Heroines of the Greek Novel. Berlin and Boston: Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2018. Differs with Frye’s reading of the hero and heroine of Xenophon of Ephesus’s Ephesiaca. Le Fustec, Claude. “The Kerygmartic Mode in Fiction: Three Examples from the United States.” In Northrop Frye 100: A Danubian Perspective, ed. Sára Tóth, Tibor Fabiny, János Kenyeres, and Péter Pásztor. Budapest: KGRE–L’Harmattan, 2014. 140–52. Uses Frye’s notion of the kerygmatic as a tool for studying Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, Steinbeck’s Grapes of Wrath, and Morrison’s Beloved.

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–  “‘Never break them in two. Never put one over the other. Eve is Mary’s mother. Mary is the daughter of Eve’: Toni Morrison’s Womanist Gospel of Self.” E-rea: Revue électronique d’études sur le monde Anglophone 8, no. 2 (2011). http://erea.revues.org/1680. Uses the framework of Frye’s literary cosmology, including his thesis about “the proximity between his analysis of the linguistic mechanisms of Revelation and contemporary critical theory,” to develop a commentary on Morrison’s work. –  “The Spirit of the Letter: American Literature and the Quest for Kerygmatic Power.” In Literature and Spirituality in the English-Speaking World, ed. Kathie Birat and Brigitte Zaugg. New York: Peter Lang, 2014. “Calls upon Northrop Frye’s definition of the kerygmatic, which he identifies as the verbal mode which makes ontological (as opposed to arbitrary or ornamental) use of ‘the identifying process at the root of metaphor,’ to explain the capacity of Hawthorne’s symbolism to represent ‘the spiritual power of the narrative word.’” Leggatt, Alexander. English Stage Comedy, 1490–1990: The Persistence of a Genre. New York: Routledge, 1998. 5, 75–6, 94–6, 99, 112, 146. Draws on Frye’s theories of comedy and romance throughout. Leggieri, Antonio. “Monk and a Nun Commit a Sin Together: Feng Weimin’s Play and Its Three Transformations.” Asian Theatre Journal 34, no. 2 (Fall 2017): 284–321. Uses Frye’s views on the humours, comedy, and laughter to provide a commentary on this play. Le Grys, Alan. Review of Listening to the Bible: The Art of Faithful Biblical Interpretation, by Christopher Bryan. Theology 118, no. 1 (2015): 59–60. Bryan is generally sympathetic to Frye’s anti-historical approach to the Bible in The Great Code. Le Han, Marie-Josette. Paradigme biblique et expérience poétique: L’exemple de Patrice de La Tour du Pin [Biblical Paradigm and Poetic Experience: The Example of Patrice de La Tour de Pin]. Besançon: Presses Universitaires du Franch-Comte, 2006. In French. Throughout, looks to Frye’s views on the Bible and literature in The Great Code and Words with Power. Lehr, John C. “‘Texas (When I Die)’: National Identity and Images of Place in Canadian Country Music Broadcasts.” Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe Canadien 27, no. 4 (1983): 361–70. “As a nation linguistically and regionally fragmented, Canada faces unique problems of national unity and identity. The truth of Northrop Frye’s observation that ‘Canada has passed from a pre-national to a post-national phase

without ever having become a nation’ is illustrated by the trauma of partially sloughing the trappings of colonial status in 1982, 115 years after attaining de facto independence in 1867. National identity in Canada rests precariously on the shoulders of its peoples, for the fabric of national consciousness.” Leigh, David J. “Carl Jung’s Archetypal Psychology, Literature, and Ultimate Meaning.” URAM 34, nos. 1–2 (2011): 95–112. “Archetypal criticism of literature became most widespread among literary critics through the work of Northrop Frye, who studied literature at Oxford in the late 1930s, where he was tutored by C.S. Lewis whom he considered the best lecturer at the university. Frye’s classic Anatomy of Criticism (1957) expanded the work of practical criticism to an all-inclusive structural map of literary genres derived from the four seasons: comedy from spring, romance from summer, tragedy from autumn, and irony/satire from winter. For each of these seasons, a plot arises within a larger general or mythic ‘quest pattern,’ a pattern previously popularized in a somewhat reductive fashion by Joseph Campbell in The Hero with a Thousand Faces (1949). Frye, while acknowledging the influence of Jung, later dissociated his theory of archetypes from Jung’s depth psychology.” –  “Narrative, Ritual, and Irony in Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress.” Journal of Narrative Theory 39, no. 1 (Winter 2009): 1–28. “We can perhaps learn from Todorov’s comments on the quest for the holy grail. For if The Pilgrim’s Progress is to be read, as Frye urges, as a Biblical quest romance, we must admit the tensions in such a quest between the narrative logic and the ritual logic. As narrative, Bunyan’s allegory contains a richly varied and occasionally ironic story on the horizontal level of the present time, both in its romantic and its realistic subgenres. It is a tale of the adventures of a hero struggling with intermittent clarity toward a goal which from his perspective he can see only at times and which he is not sure he can reach.” Leitch, Vincent B. “Systematics of Myth Criticism.” In American Literary Criticism from the Thirties to the Eighties. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988. 136–44. Sees Frye’s Anatomy as the “grand culmination of myth criticism,” yet it is also a work that “maintained a seemingly impervious position as influential masterpiece” even after the decline of myth criticism in the 1960s. Notes that for all his synoptic inclusiveness Frye does privilege both myth (in his theory of modes) and archetypal criticism (in his theory of symbols). Finds that in his later work the autonomous view of criticism is tempered by his insisting that the end of criticism is ethical and participating.

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

–  “Taboo and Critique: Literary Criticism and Ethics.” ADE Bulletin 90 (Fall 1988): 46–52. “During the fifties Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism enormously expanded the purview of literary criticism, but it did not dramatically lift the ban against most ‘extrinsic criticism.’ . . . For all its scope, Frye’s myth criticism not only expanded but solidified the concept of poetic autonomy and the practice of puritanical exegesis. Not surprisingly, Frye’s ‘ethical criticism,’ as the second essay of the Anatomy specified, consisted in categorizing types of language and kinds of ‘symbols’; it had to do with literary linguistic conventions.” –  gen. ed. “Northrop Frye.” In The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism. First ed. New York: Norton, 2001. 2442–5. An overview of Frye’s critical position, as well as an introduction to the anthologized essay that follows, “The Archetypes of Literature.” Lejderman, Naum Lazarevič. “O čem ‘pomnit’ žanr?: (Genetičeskij aspekt žanra)” [What Do You Remember about the Genetic Aspect of the Genre]. Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich 54, no. 1 (2011): 135–73. In Slovenian. On the theory of genres, especially Frye’s and Bakhtin’s. Lejeune, Philippe. “Autobiografia i història literària” [Autobiography and Literary History]. Els Marges 32 (1984): 3–23. In Catalan. Draws throughout on Frye’s theory of genres. Leman, Lucia. “Prosperovci i Kalibani—Hrvati u odnosu na najveći književni kanon Zapada” [Prosperoists and Calibanists—Croats in Relation to the Great Literary Canon of the West]. Književna Republika, časopis za književnost 7–8 (2006): 30–45. “Until the end of the 18th century Europe would be in a frenzy for the primordial and sincere, as well as for fidelity to Nature. The situation would change radically: only then from Shakespeare would emerge what Frye calls the supreme ‘secular canon’ of the West. At a surprising rate, the first specialized scholars emerged at that time.” Lemon, Lee T. The Partial Critics. New York: Oxford University Press, 1965. 199–203. Gives a brief account of Frye’s view of the archetype. Lemond, Ed. “Beckett and the Alienation of Progress.” Hamilton Arts and Letters 8, no. 1 (2015). http:// samizdatpress.typepad.com/hal_magazine_issue_eight1/ beckett-and-the-alienation-of-progress-by-edlemond-6.html. Frye on Beckett’s view of the alienation of progress. Lentricchia, Frank. “Frank Lentricchia” [interview with Lentricchia]. In Salusinszky, Criticism in Society,

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177–206 [185–6]. Says that in After the New Criticism he “tried to point up the structuralist and poststructuralist moment already in Frye” and expressed concern that the critical avant-garde has either forgotten Frye’s work or pretended that it didn’t exist. –  “The Historicity of Frye’s Anatomy.” Salmagundi 40 (Winter 1978): 97–121. Revised and expanded version appears as “The Place of Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism” in Lentricchia, After the New Criticism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980. 3–26; partially rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism, vol. 24, ed. Sharon R. Gunton. Detroit: Gale Research, 1983. 229–31. Examines the ways in which Frye’s poetics pushes beyond the New Criticism while at the same time standing as another example of the symbolist theory of poetry. Discusses Frye’s attack on subjectivity and the romantic conception of the self; his mythic idea of the unconscious self, “a kind of communal subject”; the way in which desire functions in his poetics; and the extreme form of his idealist aesthetics, one that despairs about the possibilities of historical life. Lenz, Günter. “Von der Erkenntnis der literarischen Struktur zur Struktur der Literarwissenshaftlichen Erkenntnis: Metakritische Bemerkungen zu R.S. Crane und Northrop Frye” [From the Knowledge of Literary Structure to the Structure of Literary Knowledge: Metacritical Remarks on R.S. Crane and Northrop Frye]. Jahrbuch für Amerikastudien 17 (1972): 100–27. In German. A critical analysis of the ideas of Crane and Frye. Shows the relationship between the methodological status of their ideas and the basic objective of both German hermeneutics and ideological criticism in the humanities and social sciences. Remarks that Frye’s recent work develops a conception of criticism that relates his archetypal approach to the social concerns of freedom and happiness. Leonard, Garry. “‘Without Contraries There Is No Progression’: Cinematic Montage and the Relationship of Illustration to Text in William Blake’s The [First] Book of Urizen. University of Toronto Quarterly 80, no. 4 (October 2011): 918–34. Comments on Frye’s description of Blake’s visionary style and on Blake’s insistence on the fusion of existence and perception. Leporini, Nicola. “The Transculturation of Mythic Archetypes: Margaret Atwood’s Circe.” Amaltea: Revista de Mitocrítica 7 (2015): 37–55. Follows Frye in interpreting the mythic archetypes in Margaret Atwood’s collection of poetry You Are Happy. Leroux Jean-François. “Wars for Oil: Moby-Dick, Orientalism, and Cold-War Criticism.” Canadian

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Review of American Studies 39, no. 4 (2009): 423–42. In an essay on the meaning of Melville’s Ahab, turns to Frye’s view of the biblical Ahab, which concludes with this proposition: “Clearly the Bible is a violently partisan book: as with any other form of propaganda, what is true is what the writer thinks ought to be true; and the sense of urgency in the writing comes out much more freely for not being hampered by the clutter of what may actually have occurred.” Lešić-Thomas, Andrea. “O mjesečarenju po frivolnom” [About Sleepwalking through the Frivolous]. Zeničke sveske—Časopis za društvenu fenomenologiju i kulturnu dijalogiku 17 (2013): 278–92. In Bosnian. On the different meanings that attach themselves to what we call “romance.” –  “Žanrovska fikcija, kult stvarnosti i malograđanski vampiri: Doprinos Stephena Kinga Konstantinovićevoj Filosofiji PALANKE” [Genre Fiction, the Cult of Reality and Provincial Vampires: Stephen King’s Contribution to Konstantinović’s Filosofija palanke”]. Novi Izraz, časopis za književnu i umjetničku kritiku 69–70 (2018): 48–59. In Croatian. In the Polemical Introduction to Anatomy of Criticism “Northrop Frye had a lot of fun about how it is possible to alternately praise and debunk Shakespeare, Shelley, and Milton, and in doing so variously imagine their interrelationships and comparative values, thanks to the application of different evaluation criteria.” Lesure, Richard G. “Emplotment as Epic in Archaeological Writing: The Site Monograph as Narrative.” Norwegian Archaeological Review 7 (June 2015): 1–18. Bases his theory of emplotment on the four plot patterns of Frye and Hayden White. Letessier, Anne-Sophie. “‘Isn’t the Place Only Ruins and Vacancies Now’: Reconstructions in Jane Urquhart’s A Map of Glass (2005).” Commonwealth: Essays and Studies 40, no. 2 (Spring 2018): 109–18. Glances at the features of romance in A Map of Glass, as Frye has defined that kind of story. Letzler, David. The Cruft [sic] of Fiction: Mega-Novels and the Science of Paying Attention. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2017. Notes Frye’s use of the terms “Menippean satire” and “encyclopedic novel.” Lever, J.W. Review of Frye’s essay on Shakespeare’s sonnets, “How True a Twain.” The Modern Language Review 58, no. 3 (1 July 1963): 396. Levin, Harry. “The Primacy of Shakespeare.” Shakespeare Quarterly 26 (Spring 1975): 99–112 [99, 100, 111–12]. The introduction and conclusion to this essay on

Shakespeare’s greatness are developed in opposition to Frye’s remarks about value judgments. Observes that Anatomy of Criticism draws more illustrations from Shakespeare than from any other writer. –  Why Literary Criticism Is Not an Exact Science. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1967. 22–7. Rpt. in Levin, Grounds for Comparison. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press 1972. 40–56 [52–6]. A lecture, given at Churchill College, Cambridge, in 1967, which raises questions about the scientific aspects of the work of I.A. Richards, René Wellek, and Frye. Briefly reviews some of the principles of Frye’s work. Concludes that Anatomy of Criticism is schematically over-ingenious, a book we may set on our shelves beside Yeats’s Vision. Levin, Janina. “Adultery-Within-Marriage: Joyce’s Love Plot.” Journal of Modern Literature 35, no. 4 (2012): 206–9. Review of Janine Utell’s James Joyce and the Revolt of Love: Marriage, Adultery, Desire. “Suggests that Stanley Cavell’s book Pursuits of Happiness: The Hollywood Comedy of Remarriage (1984) provides a better theoretical account of comedy in Joyce’s late work than the traditional theory of comedy formulated by Northrop Frye. Frye’s symbolic valuation of youthful lovers is less relevant for Joyce’s final vision than the model of an older couple, educated in the ethics of desire. . . . Our theory of comedy needs updating, particularly Frye’s natural metaphor for comedy; yet Utell does not develop the implications of the change in metaphor as we move from Frye’s theory of comedy to Cavell’s.” Levin, Richard. New Readings vs. Old Plays: Recent Trends in the Reinterpretation of English Renaissance Drama. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979. Shakespeare and Jonson do not surrender the joy of comedy through ironic endings, which gives support to the view of comedy by Frye and C.L. Barber. Levine, George. “Realism Reconsidered.” In The Theory of the Novel: New Essays, ed. John Halperin. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974. 231–56 [237–9], [254–1]. Levine’s outline about the nature of realism draws upon the arguments of Frye’s “Myth, Fiction, and Displacement,” an essay that has ‘provoked (in both senses) much of [Levine’s] recent thinking on the subject.” Levine, Peter. “Rethinking the Humanities.” Peter Levine: A Blog for Civic Renewal (20 May 2010). https:// peterlevine.ws/?p=5928. “(Lisbon, Portugal) I am here for a conference on the humanities. A major question was whether they are ‘in crisis’ because of falling budgets

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

and enrollments, or deep epistemological and cultural discontents, or technology and pop culture, or all of the above. . . . My own talk was a precis of my book, Reforming the Humanities. Some highlights from the other speakers. . . . In the 20th century, a particular conception prevailed of the humanities as purely textual, professional, and located within specific cultures. For example, English professors wrote sole-authored books about novels written by Anglophone authors. Even as they took opposite positions regarding interpretation and authorship, Jacques Derrida and Northrop Frye both wrote dense, unillustrated texts about other texts, for professional colleagues.” Levine, Robert S. Review of American Declarations: Rebellion and Repentance in American Cultural History, by Harold K. Bush Jr. American Literature 71, no. 4 (December 1999): 831–2. “Drawing on the formulations of Northrop Frye, Bush argues that a dialectical tension between ‘freedom’ (radical declarations of rebellion against ‘satanic forms’ of oppression) and ‘concern’ (conservative forms of dependence on regenerated Christian community) informs what he terms the ‘unifying myth of America.’” Levine, Sarah, and Maylana Bernstein. “Opening George Hillocks’s Territory of Literature.” English Education 48, no. 2 (January 2016): 127–48. “In an effort to illustrate a unifying system that could help students realize meaning across a range of diverse texts, George devotes considerable space to describing and promoting Northrop Frye’s modes. Frye’s typology provides two axes for assessing any literary work: the nature of the hero, and the extent to which the text is realistic or fantastical. By crosshatching these axes, Frye developed a series of categories that could be applied to virtually any piece of literature, in any form. Indeed, George presents dozens of texts, from Native Son to the Harry Potter novels, that could be captured by Frye’s scheme.” Levy, Maurice. “Approaches du Texte Fantastique.” Caliban 16 (1979): 3–15. Finds that Frye’s generic classifications (among those of others) are inadequate to account for fantastic literature. Lewis, Franklin. ‘“The World IS God, Seen as a Bundle of Attributes’: Frye Reading Rumi.” Paper presented at Educating the Imagination: A Conference in Honour of Northrop Frye on the Centenary of His Birth. University of Toronto, 4–6 October 2013. Lewis, Jessica. “With Love and Kisses: Nothing Lasts Forever: An Examination of the Social and Artistic Antiquation of Moral Rights.” International Journal of Cultural Property 23, no. 3 (August 2016): 267–94.

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“The romantic and individualistic assumption that is inscribed in intellectual property law, and particularly in moral rights, belies the common collaborative process that often contributes to artistic works. Northrop Frye spoke to this myth of individual authorship, asserting that all art is conventional but that this quality has been veiled by copyright’s desire to treat works as though they are unique and were created in isolation. . . . Frye vehemently rejects any critical perspective that imagines that an author can sit down and produce a work in what he refers to as a ‘special act of creation ex nihilo.’ Instead, he asserts that artistic expression interacts with, and reflects, prior works of its kind, the way that scientific theory responds to something that already exists in nature.” Li, Dan. “An Archetypal Interpretation of O’Neill’s Mourning Becomes Electra.” Journal of the Mudanjiang Teachers College (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition) 5 (2011). In Chinese. Li, He. “A Research Summary of the Studies on Northrop Frye Both at Home and Abroad.” Journal of Hunan University of Science and Technology 12, no. 3 (2009): 91–5. In Chinese. Li, Jai. “Research on Logo from the Perspective of Archetypal Theory.” Paper presented at the 8th International Conference on Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (SSEHR 2019): 298–300. https://webofproceedings.org/proceedings_series/ESSP/ SSEHR%202019/EHR055.pdf. On the use of Frye’s archetypal theory to improve brand recognition. –  “Research on Water in Robert Frost’s Poem Spring Pools from the Perspective of Archetypal Criticism.” Paper presented at the International Conference on Education, Sports, Arts and Management Engineering, 2016. Applies Frye’s archetypal criticism to Frost’s poem. Li, Jun. “The Mirror as an Archetypal Image in the Fiction of Eileen Chang.” Journal of Xinxiang University (Social Sciences) 2 (2011). In Chinese. Li, Limin. “An Exploration of the Narrative Structure— Frye’s Romance—in David Lodge’s Small World.” Journal of Henan University of Science and Technology (Social Sciences) 3 (2012). In Chinese. Li, Ping. “The Fable of Recognition: A Study of Northrop Frye as a Prophet.” English Language Teaching 4, no. 3 (September 2011): 54–62. On the spiritual dimension of Frye’s work. Li, Ping, and Bin Zhou. “On What Has Been Neglected in Research on Northrop Frye’s Conception of Literary

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History in His Archetypal Criticism.” Foreign Literature 3 (2003). In Chinese. Li, Sheng-wei. “The Contributions and Limitations of Archetypal Criticism.” Journal of Lanzhou Polytechnic College 13, no. 2 (2006): 69–71. In Chinese. Li, Shengwei, Yang Xiaohong, Hu Zhijun, and Yang Wen. Myth and Archetypal Criticism and Its Propagation and Study in China. Lanzhou Shi: Gansu min zu chu ban she, 2012. Essays in commemoration of the 100th anniversary of Frye’s birth.

–  “A Discussion of Some Flaws in Frye’s Archetypal Criticism.” Journal of Nankai University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 1 (2011). In Chinese. Archetypal criticism is too dependent on its biblical and Christian roots and its system is too self-enclosed to allow for historical investigation. Librett, Jeffrey S. “Enlightenment beyond Teleology: Religious Familiality and the Fundamental Gift in G.E. Lessing.” German Studies Review 41, no. 2 (May 2018): 235–51.

Li, Xin. “Biblical Archetypal Characters in Faulkner’s The Sound and the Fury.” Journal of the Shonan Institute of Technology 4 (2010). In Chinese.

Liconti, Paul. “The Educated Imagination Study Guide.” https://sites.google.com/site/mrliconti/eng4u/ the-educated-imagination-study-guide.

Li, Yan. “An Archetypal Analysis of the Image of the Moon in Classical Chinese Poetry.” Journal of Shandong Education College 5 (1996). In Chinese.

Lightweight (blogger name). “Bedhead and the Power ‘stache: Northrop Frye and the Haircuts of Old School.” http://31st-and-chi.blogspot.com/2010/12/bedheadand-power-stache-northrop-frye.html. Todd Phillips’s film Old School fits Frye’s schematic for effective comedy.

Li, Yongping. “Revisiting the Scapegoat Archetype: An Exploration of Dragon-Slaying Stories.” Foreign Literature Studies 39, no. 1 (February 2017): 119–29. In Chinese. “Compared with the continuity of Chinese civilization, the western civilization—represented by and mirrored in the Greek and Hebrew ones—worships dragon-slayer instead of the dragon, and thus the binary opposition is solidified and the dragon helps the making of the hero. By contrast, in the tradition of Shamanism of China, the sacrifice of the symbolic collective dragon rescues the ethnic groups and the appreciation of its sacrifice turns out to be the worship of the dragon. The Chinese civilization seeks the unity of Heaven and human and harmony among nations to achieve the win-win fate of the community by cooperation.” (from author’s abstract) Li, Zhangbin. “Haizi and Contemporary Chinese Romantic Poetry.” Neohelicon 43, no. 2 (December 2016): 621–40. “The prejudices about Romanticism have been corrected and reflected by recent Chinese scholars, and the relationship between Romanticism and Modernism has been accordingly re-evaluated. As we know, AngloAmerican scholars such as Northrop Frye, Harold Bloom and Helen Vendler have been arguing, and arguing correctly, that Romanticism is not an outdated curio already replaced by Modernism and Post-Modernism; instead, it goes on renewing itself and nurturing a number of important poets in twentieth century, such as Wallace Stevens, Hart Crane, and John Ashbery.” Li, Zhonghua. “The McLuhan Literary Archetype.” Chinese Literature Research 4 (2011). In Chinese. Liang, Gong. “Biblical Literary Studies in Northrop Frye’s Critical System.” Foreign Literature (February 2010).

Lilla, Jenna. “Jakob Böhme and the Three Principles of the Divine.” The Spiritual Path (4 October 2013). http://jungian302.rssing.com/browser. php?indx=9582282&item=32. On Frye’s exposition in Fearful Symmetry of Boehme’s three principles. Lillard, Richard G. Review of The New West of Edward Abbey, by Ann Ronald. American Studies 24, no. 1 (Spring 1983): 104–5. “Using the approaches of such critics as Northrop Frye, James K. Folsom and Richard Chase, Ann Ronald analyzes in detail the chronological development of Abbey’s fiction and non-fiction from 1954 to 1982, tracing his evolving skills as in writing description or dialogue and developing characters.” Lim, Jina. “The Heritage of the Bible in Walt Whitman’s “Song of Myself”: A New Sacred Text in American Mythology.” Journal of Literature and the History of Ideas 14, no. 1 (2016): 159–73. Appeared in Korean in Modern English Literature 59, no. 4 (2015): 345 ff. Attempts to find a biblical legacy in Walt Whitman’s Song of Myself and demonstrate that he had a poetic vision of the new sacred text of American myth. The American myth was based on the Puritan heritage and the Bible had become an essential part of the American myth. With the vision of writing a new sacred text, Whitman himself became a new sacred text of a new American Bible by using Jesus as his poetic model, by being the light of revelation himself, as Christ became the new sacred text by the typological fulfilment of various Old Testament symbols.

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Lima, Anderson de Oliveira. “Para o estudo da tradição bíblica manuscrita: Uma nova proposta para o estudo do códice 2437” [For the Study of the Manuscript Biblical Tradition: A New Proposal for the Analysis of Codex 2437]. Horizonte 14, no. 42 (April–June 2016): 284–314. In Portuguese. Calls on Frye’s understanding of typology to interpret a Greek codex from the twelfth or thirteenth century. Lin, Keji. “From Myth-Archetypal Criticism towards Literary and Anthropological Theory: The Rise of Chinese Literary Anthropology.” Journal of Baise University 1 (2010). In Chinese. Lin, Ming-Huang. “Archetypal Icon and Delightful Design.” DPPI [Designing Pleasurable Products and Interfaces] (June 2003): 40–4. “An archetype is considered to be a recurring image, symbol, or a motif in art, literature, culture and religion that appeals to instinct, emotion and creative inspiration. This research borrows the view of C.G. Jung in analytical psychology, and Northrop Frye in literary criticism to classify the concept of archetype and practices in design. Besides building up the collection of archetypal designs, it initially divides them into three groups—‘reconstructive archetypes,’ ‘borrowing archetypes’ and ‘breaking archetypes.’ The learning was then applied to education in order to guide student projects, and their outcomes certainly achieved joyful effects and entertained users in varying manners.” Lin, S. Mickey. “Merlion’s Magic.” Singapore Love Stories. Singapore: Monsoon Books, 2016. [From a dialogue in the novel]. “It’s like what Northrop Frye wrote, ‘One uses Macbeth not to learn about the history of Scotland, but to learn what a man feels like after he’s gained a kingdom and lost his soul.’” Lin, Xianghua. “Northrop Frye and His Myth-Archetypal Criticism.” Global Literature 3 (1990). In Chinese. Lincoln, Kenneth. “Indi’n” Humor: Bicultural Play in Native America. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993. In his three chapters focusing on “seminal” Native American authors Louise Erdrich, James Welch, M. Scott Momaday, and Howard Norman, brings Frye’s work to bear on the novels examined. Lindenberger, Herbert. “Teaching and the Making of Knowledge.” PMLA 113 (May 1998): 370–8. On the influence Frye had on Lindenberger as a teacher. Lindrop, Gerald. “Generating the Universe through Analogy.” PN Review 3 (1977): 41–5. Maintains that Frye’s eminence as a critic rests not upon his taxonomies and technical innovations but upon his

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gifts as a master rhetorician in the service of a Platonic vision of literature. Anatomy of Criticism “is not so much a classification derived from Literature itself, as a gesture of homage, to the demiurge of Plato’s Timaeus, who generated our universe through analogy . . . from four ‘natures or elements.’” Sees the chief quality in Frye’s “rapid, associative, and non-logical” criticism to be its fastening upon similarities among literary works. Frye does not yield particular critical insights; rather he is “a myth-maker in his own right, a prophet whose vision of a transcendent unity in literature carries with it something of a religious exaltation.” Observes that the religious aspect of Frye’s vision is becoming more explicit as time passes, so that Frye may be fulfilling the prophecies of Matthew Arnold. Comments on the similarity between Frye’s work and Harold Bloom’s. Lindsay, David W., and M.A.L. Locherbie-Cameron. “‘Malden” in Blake’s Jerusalem.” Blake: An Illustrated Quarterly 22, no. 4 (Spring 1989): 136–9. “The role of the druids in the symbolic terminology of Blake’s later work has been frequently discussed, and its general significance is now well understood. Northrop Frye and others have shown how the sacrificial rituals of druidism were linked with London Stone and the Tree of Mystery, and have exposed the druidical origins of political tyranny and Newtonian science. Though we are still unclear about Blake’s London-Welsh contacts, pictorial and verbal sources for his serpent-temple imagery have been found in antiquarian literature. His presentation of druidism, however, contains many details which remain puzzling, and one of these is the prominence of the name ‘Malden.’ Fearful Symmetry has nothing to say about Malden and much to say about Stonehenge, but the text of Jerusalem names Stonehenge on five occasions and Malden on eight. The connections between Malden and druidism seem worth exploring.” Lipking, Lawrence I. “Northrop Frye: Introduction.” Modern Literary Criticism, 1900–1970, ed. Lawrence I. Lipking and A. Walton Litz. New York: Atheneum, 1972. 180–9. An introduction to Frye’s work, serving as the preface to a generous selection of his writings. Discusses Frye’s relation to other twentieth-century critics, the schema and method of Anatomy of Criticism, the visionary aspects of Frye’s works, his doctrines of autonomy, archetypes, and value judgments, and the practical implications of his theory. Calls Frye an “indispensable critic,” linking him with Pound, Eliot, and Richards as the major critics of the century. Lipset, David. “On the Bridge: Class and the Chronotope of Modern Romance in an American Love Story.” Anthropological Quarterly 88, no. 1 (Winter 2015):

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163–85. Frye “makes a useful point about the spatial coordinates of moral action. In European fiction, some heroes lose their identities during sharp descents into immoral, sometimes subterranean underworlds, such as to an Infernal Hell, or a fall from innocence in Genesis. In others, heroes escape from lower worlds to reclaim identities in morally superior upperworlds, such as in Alice in Wonderland, or by retreating to an upperworld to do so, such as in The Magic Mountain. Associating vertical movements with moral transformations, Frye argued that mobility through space may have symbolic significance.” –  “What Makes a Man? Rereading Naven and The Gender of the Gift, 2004.” Anthropological Theory 8, no. 3 (2008): 219–32. “‘The value of centenaries,’ Northrop Frye once declared, ‘is that they call . . . attention, not simply to great men, but to what we do with our great men. The anniversary punctuates . . . the scholarly and critical absorption of its subject into society.’ While his point is useful for the rereading of [Gregory Bateson’s] Naven that I shall do here in honor of Gregory Bateson’s 100th birthday, I find the grammarians’ metaphor Frye employed, of centenary as punctuation mark, somewhat less so. Punctuation is far too synchronic a way of viewing the kind of an undertaking Frye proposes, which by its nature is historical and genealogical.” Liston, Mary. “The Rule of Law through the Looking Glass.” Law and Literature 21, no. 1 (Spring 2009): 42–77. “The common occurrence of legal themes and characters in English fiction, Northrop Frye observed, confirms that ‘all respect for the law is a product of the social imagination, and the social imagination is what literature directly addresses. . . .’ Following Frye, I will explore how children’s literature sheds light on common understandings and background assumptions about the Anglo–North American concept of the rule of law.” Liszka, James Jakob. The Semiotic of Myth: A Critical Study of the Symbol. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1990. Part 3, chap. 7 is devoted to an analysis of Frye’s four mythoi. Liszka “recognizes myth narratives as oriented by one of four strategies—tragedy, comedy, romance, satire irony—for reorganizing the tensions between hierarchical order and its disruption. Myths have a fundamental ambivalence toward the hierarchies they represent, and it is due to this ambivalence that myths must interpret.” Liszka, Piotr, CMF. “Architektura w dziejach teologii” [Architecture in the History of Theology]. Colloquia Theologica Ottoniana 2 (2015): 163–74. In Polish.

Little, J.I. “Country without a Soul: Rupert Brooke’s Gothic Vision of Canada.” Canadian Literature 219 (Winter 2013): 95–111. “Brooke’s articles . . . nevertheless, offer little support for the thesis, associated most famously with Northrop Frye and Margaret Atwood, that writers in Canada felt a strong antipathy towards Nature. Viewing the landscape from the comfort of a railway car or steamship, Brooke could hardly experience the terrors associated with the wilderness gothic. Aside from reflecting a sense of malaise when describing large bodies of fresh water . . . Brooke’s travel narrative conforms more closely to the second feature of the gothic in Canada . . . namely a perception that the country was ‘a terrifying terra nullius that was devoid of Gothic effects or ghosts.’ Brooke’s highly imaginative gothic images clearly reflected his troubled psyche, but, on a more self-conscious level, he evidently felt that he was bestowing upon the uncultured young country the ‘soul’ that it so lamentably still lacked.” Litz, A. Walton. “Literary Criticism.” In Harvard Guide to Contemporary American Writing, ed. Daniel Hoffman. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1979. 51–83 [64–7]. On literary criticism in America since 1945. Sees Anatomy of Criticism as a prologue to what has happened in criticism since 1957. Remarks that Frye’s structuralism is an effort to see relations between literary works, that his chief object of study is the archetype, that he believes in a totally intelligible structure of poetic knowledge, and that his lack of interest in discrimination or critical differences “is a profound interruption of the Anglo-American critical tradition” with its emphasis on value judgments. Observes that Frye is the first major Anglo-American critic who is not a practising artist and that this “signals a decisive turn toward the continental model.” Liu, Chen. “Confrontation of the Ideal and the Real: An Archetypal Reading of The Dead Poets’ Society.” Legend Biography (Literary Periodical Selection) 3 (2010). In Chinese. Liu, Cui. “A View of Young Goodman Brown from Frye’s Theories of Symbolism.” Suzhou Industrial Park, Journal of the Institute of Vocational Technology 3 (2010). www. zhonghualunwen.com. 21 September 2010. Liu, Haiqing. “Claude Simon’s Novels: Self-Exploration between History and Mythology.” Foreign Literature Studies 39, no. 1 (February 2017): 80–9. In Chinese. “Based on the theory of Frye’s archetypal criticism, this thesis will analyze Simon’s concern about human self from the perspectives of war, women, city and nature. The rich cultural images and mythological archetypes create a stable center of collective unconsciousness with

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

the power of defending human freedom and shaping life emotion, in the meantime bringing about the ways and wisdom of viewing history and judging life.” (author’s abstract) Liu, Haixia. “The U-Shaped Structure of Moral Development in Fielding’s Tom Jones.” Journal of Language and Literature Studies 12 (2007). In Chinese. Applies Frye’s theory of U-shaped narrative structure to explore the different stages of Tom Jones’s moral development in Fielding’s novel. Liu, Jing. “On the Isolation of the Tragic Hero in Anatomy of Criticism.” Journal of the Jixi University Journal of the Jixi University 1 (2011). In Chinese. Liu, Jishen. “The Myth of the Grand Garden and the Archetype of the Mother.” Journal of the Humanities 5 (1992). In Chinese. Liu, Kang. “Universalism, Aesthetics and Utopia: Comments on Northrop Frye’s Literary Archetypal Criticism.” Journal of Peking University (Social Sciences and Humanities Edition) 3 (1995): 130–43. This paper explores universalism, aesthetics, and utopia as three important aspects in Northrop Frye’s theory of literary archetypes and their relation to Marxist literary theory. It analyses the similar theories of three modern Western Marxist theoreticians (Jameson, Lentricchia, and Eagleton) and their interpretations of Frye’s theory. The sociological analysis of the theories and practices of Frye and Marxist critics will help us to understand the correspondence between cultural trends and the experience of modernity. Liu, Lianxiang. “The Eden Myth in the Bible and the Archetype of the Mother.” Foreign Literature Review 1 (1990). In Chinese. Liu, Lili. “A Valuable and Logical Starting Point: The Multi-level Structure of Literary Texts.” Journal of Nankai University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2 (2005). In Chinese. Like the literary theorist Liu Xie, Frye and the AngloAmerican New Critics focus on the different levels of meaning in literary texts. Liu, Mengzi. “An Analysis of Frye’s Concept of the Art of Rhetoric.” Young Teachers 6 (2007). In Chinese. On Frye’s theory of rhetoric as developed in the Fourth Essay of Anatomy of Criticism. Liu, Pingping. “The Evolution of the Monomythic in Henry James’s The Tragic Muse.” Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (Social Science Edition) 36, no. 4 (2014): 366–9.

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Liu, Xiaochun. “The Chinese Archetype of the Story of Cinderella and Its World Significance.” Chinese Culture Research 1 (1997). In Chinese. Liu, Zhen. Review of Transcultural Imaginaries: History and Globalization in Contemporary Canadian Literature, by Nora Tunkel. British Journal of Canadian Studies 26, no. 1 (2013): 160. “The book consists of three parts. Part I is devoted to theoretical studies, tracing through Canadian literary history the development of Canada’s national identity and imagination. Many prominent and influential critics’ contributions to the construction and presentation of Canada’s national images are recounted and re-evaluated. These include Northrop Frye’s ‘garrison mentality,’ Margaret Atwood’s Survival and Linda Hutcheon’s The Canadian Postmodern.” Llewellyn, Arch. “In Frye We Trust.” http://www.amazon. com /dp/0156027801/ref=rdr_ext_sb_ti_sims_1. Comments on Frye’s treatment of the Bible as a unity held together by typological anticipations. Lo, Ping-Cheung. “The Making of a Literary-Theological Mind in China: The Early Thought of Yang Huilin in Context.” Christianity & Literature 68, no. 1 (December 2018): 55–67. Calls on Frye’s view of the Bible throughout, especially its links with the cross-cultural interests of Yang Huilin. Lobb, Edward. “The Subversion of Drama in Huxley’s Brave New World.” International Fiction Review 11 (Summer 1984): 94–101. Employs Frye’s outline of the four generic plots or mythoi to illustrate how Huxley’s treatment of the theme of freedom depends on a parody of literary forms. Łobodziec, Agnieszka. “Intersections of African-American Womanist Literary Approaches and Paradigms of Ethical Literary Criticism.” Interlitteraria 2 (2017): 297– 311. Quotes Joyce Ann Joyce on the methodological strategies that Black poststructuralist critics have adopted, aligning them with the dominant critical paradigm chacterizing Frye among others. Loewenstein, David. “Barbara Lewalski, Critical Practice, and the Liberal Milton.” Milton Quarterly 53, no. 4 (December 2019): 191–6. Logan, Peter Melville, ed. The Encyclopedia of the Novel. Chichester, UK: Blackwell, 2011. References to Frye’s work appear in a number of the entries, including those on “genre theory,” “character,” “parody/satire,” “definitions of the novel,” “anthropology,” “narration,” “myth,” “religion,” “romance,” and “comparativism.”

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Lohner, Edgar. “Vorwort.” In Analyse der Literaturkritik. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 1964. 7. A brief note about the difficulty of translating Frye’s work into German, a difficulty caused mainly by Frye’s coining new terms—what he calls his “terminological buccaneering.” Says that because Frye is attempting a completely new method of literary criticism, it is necessary for him not only to create new descriptive terms but also to give new meanings to well-known concepts. Loiselle, André. Stage-Bound: Feature Film Adaptations of Canadian and Quebecois Drama. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2003. Applications of Frye’s notion of the garrison mentality in Canadian literature. Lombardo, Agostino. “Afterword.” In Reflections on the Canadian Literary Imagination: A Selection of Essays by Northrop Frye, ed. Branko Gorjup. Rome: Bulzoni Editore, 1991. 195–6. –  “Nella tempesta di Frye.” l’Unita (24 May 1987): 24. In Italian. –  “Northrop Frye e The Tempest.” In Lombardo, Ritratto, 195–204. Comments on his insights into the power of the play and his emphasis on its metatheatrical character. –  “Quell’isola nella Tempesta” [That Island in the Storm]. MondOperaio 40 (June 1987): 110–13. In Italian. –  ed. Ritratto di Northrop Frye. Rome: Bulzoni Editore, 1989. Some twenty-eight essays from the international conference devoted to a “Portrait” of Frye, held in Rome in May 1987. Lombello, Donatella. “Il romance nell’interpretazione simbolico-archetipica di Northrop Frye” [Romance in the Symbolic-Archetypal Interpretation of Northrop Frye]. In Percorsi della letteratura per l’infanzia: Tra leggere e interpretare, ed. Flavia Bacchetti. Bologna: CLUEB, 2013. In Italian. Calls on Frye’s distinction between novel and romance.

2000): 27–51. Despite Frye’s wish to contribute to the discussion of fundamental socio-political issues, his reflections have received scant attention from social scientists. Illustrates some of Frye’s political concerns and insights and discovers, especially in Words with Power, the basis for a critique of the modes of political discourse. Concentrates on the difference between the divisive rhetoric of ideology, expressive of the human urge of domination and advantage, and the inclusive and unifying language of myth, expressive of what Frye calls “primary concerns.” See also Michael D. Behiels’s introduction to this issue, 9–14. Long, James Weldon. “Plunging into the Atlantic: The Oceanic Order of Herman Melville’s Moby-Dick.” Atlantic Studies 8, no. 1 (2011): 69–91. “Since this reading of Moby-Dick inevitably raises the question of whether or not Melville’s text qualifies as a ‘novel’ in the conventional sense of the term, it is helpful to recall Frye’s argument for approaching it as a novel-anatomy. The text’s relationship to the anatomy as a genre has clear relevance for its investigation of shifting spatial orders and world views.” Long, Jordana Ashman. “The Romance and the Real: A.S. Byatt’s Possession: A Romance.” Mythlore 37, no. 1 (Winter 2018): 147–64. Distinguishes between two meanings of “romance” in Frye: a literary mode and a genre of prose fiction. Uses the former to undergird an interpretation of Byatt’s Possession. López-Calvo, Ignacio. Review of Hybrid Identity and the Utopian Impulse in the Postmodern Spanish-American Comic Novel, by Paul R. McAleer. Hispanic Review 85, no. 1 (Winter 2017): 99–102. Uses Frye as the primary referent in discussing the comic novel.

London, Ann K. “Northrop Frye’s Critical Analysis of Doctor Zhivago.” https://vdocuments.mx/northropfryes-critical-analysis-to-doctor-zhivago.html. On the recurrent patterns in Pasternak’s novel.

Lopičić, Vesna. “Serbian Memes in the Canadian Diaspora: A Case of Cultural Compromise.” Revue d’Études Canadiennes en Europe Centrale 9 (2014): 123–36. “Defining Canadian culture is as difficult as defining any culture, but Kyle Carsten Wyatt, as a Canadian, takes a hint from Northrop Frye’s famous concept of garrison mentality. It is probably not well-known that Frye in a 1989 speech explained that the garrison mentality, “which was social but not creative,” had been replaced by “the condominium mentality, which is neither social nor creative, and which forces the cultural energies of the country into forming a kind of counter-environment.”

Long, Douglas. “Northrop Frye: Liberal Humanism and the Critique of Ideology.” Journal of Canadian Studies/Revue d’Études canadiennes 34, no. 4 (Winter

Lorch, Sue. “Metaphor, Metaphysics, and MTV.” Journal of Popular Culture 22, no. 3 (Winter 1988): 143–55. Glances at Frye’s idea that we have experienced a

Lomke, Evander. “A Great Teacher Remembered at 100.” American Mental Health Foundation Weblog. http:// americanmentalhealthfoundation.org/entry.php?id=389.

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paradigm shift in the great cycle of language: “the word is again recognized as a creative component of reality.” Loseke, Donileen R. “The Study of Identity as Cultural, Institutional, Organizational, and Personal Narratives: Theoretical and Empirical Integrations.” Sociological Quarterly 48, no. 4 (Fall 2007): 661–88. Argues that the study of narrative identity would benefit from more sustained and explicit attention to relationships among cultural, institutional, organizational, and personal narratives of identity, Frye’s theory of myths in Anatomy of Criticism containing one of the sources of cultural identity. Losensky, Paul. “Babble, Doodle, and Riddle in the Persian Ghazal: Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism from a Cross-Cultural Perspective.” Paper presented at Educating the Imagination: A Conference in Honour of Northrop Frye on the Centenary of His Birth. University of Toronto, 4–6 October 2013. Losey, Jay. “‘Demonic Epiphanies: The Denial of Death in Larkin and Heaney.” In Moments of Moment: Aspects of the Literary Epiphany. DQR: Studies in Literature 25, ed. Wim Tigges. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1999. 375–400. In a typology of postmodern epiphanies, focuses on those moments in Larkin and Heaney’s poetry that Frye called “demonic epiphanies.” Lougy, Robert E. “Swinburne’s Poetry and TwentiethCentury Criticism.” Dalhousie Review 48 (Autumn 1968): 358–65. Frye’s critical method, along with Harold Bloom’s, has made possible a more sympathetic appreciation of Swinburne’s imagery and dramatic power. Loveday, Simon. The Romances of John Fowles. Basingstoke and London: Macmillan, 1985. Analyses Fowles’s novels as romances, based on Frye’s theory of the genres. Lovrincevic, Ljiljanka. “Northrop Frye.” Republica 4 (April 1984): 71–2. Preface to Lovrincevic’s Croatian translation of the first chapter of The Great Code. Lowry, Christopher. “A Conversation with Northrop Frye about William Morris.” Northrop Frye Newsletter 10 (2003): 8–15. Rpt. as “William Morris” in Interviews, ed. O’Grady, 849–57. Lu, Tan. “Myth-Archetypal Criticism in China.” Literature and Art Gazette (21 September 1999). In Chinese. Lu, Yi. “An Archetypal Analysis of the Protagonist in “The Great Gatsby.” Overseas English 15 (2012). In Chinese. Lucas, Duncan A. Affect Theory, Genre, and the Example of Tragedy: Dreams We Learn. Palgrave Studies in Affect Theory and Literary Criticism. Urdorf, Switzerland: Springer, 2018. “Employs Silvan Tomkins’ Affect-Script

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theory of human psychology to explore the largely unacknowledged emotions of disgust and shame in tragedy.” Aligns Affect-Script theory with literary genre studies, especially those that stem from Frye’s theory of the four mythoi. Draws on Denham’s analytical account of these mythoi in Northrop Frye and Critical Method. –  “Tomkins and Literature: A Hermeneutical Model.” Affect Theory, Genre, and the Example of Tragedy: Dreams We Learn. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018. 43–99. Uses Frye’s theory of myths from the Third Essay of Anatomy of Criticism to develop a conception of the tragic mythos. Lucas has less faith than Frye in the Christian shape of Frye’s grand narrative. Lucas, Stephen E. “The Legacy of Edwin Black.” Rhetoric & Public Affairs 10, no. 3 (Fall 2007): 509–19. “With the exception of Thonssen and Baird’s Speech Criticism and Marie Hochmuth Nichols’s Rhetoric and Criticism, rhetorical scholarship had been marked by a dearth of book-length studies on critical method. Books on criticism by writers such as Kenneth Burke, I.A. Richards, and Northrop Frye regularly appeared on course syllabi and were cited in footnotes, but none was written by a member of what was then known as the Speech Association of America, forerunner of today’s National Communication Association.” Ludwig, Jeff. Review of Between Politics and Ethics: Toward a Vocative History of English Studies, by James N. Comas. Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 29, no. 4 (2009): 849–57. “Canonization is ‘political’ in the sense that it participates in a larger ‘political narrative of the legitimation of knowledge,’ and Comas examines the reception of Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism as emblematic of literary criticism defending its practices as a humanities-based discipline in the context of the 1958 National Defense Education Act. It is in Frye’s Anatomy, Comas argues, that we find ‘theory. . . linked to the discipline,’ which, consequently, provides a ‘role for the critic in modern society’ and a defense of English studies as an autonomous discipline. While I find Comas’ analysis provocative here, and generally agree with his assessment that Frye’s Anatomy was ‘the first time that American literary studies relied on theory for its professional status,’ I find it troubling that his assessment rests essentially on two reviews of the book and that he leaves explicit questions of the canonization of theory to create what is essentially a historical footnote for Anatomy.” Ludewig, Julia. Review of Rereading the New Criticism, ed. Miranda B. Hickman and John McIntyre. MLN 129, no. 5 (December 2014): 1231–5. “Notwithstanding the

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positive overall picture, some aspects in Rereading the New Criticism are not yet sufficiently fleshed out, but would enrich a second edition or follow-up project. . . . Northrop Frye and his especially vexed relation with New Critical antecessors deserves more than fleeting attention.” Lundin, Roger. “Metaphor in the Modern Critical Arena.” Christianity and Literature 33, no. 1 (Fall 1983): 19–35. “Though Kant hardly stood alone in restricting the scope of metaphor and the arts, he forcefully articulated a position that has dominated aesthetic theory for almost 200 years. In ‘The Motive for Metaphor’ Northrop Frye, for example, echoes a basic Kantian distinction when he contrasts the ‘environment’ of brutal, common reality with the ‘home’ of joyful ideality we find only in art.” Considers Frye’s view of metaphor in some detail and its relation to the views of Ricoeur and Gadamer. Lunenfeld, Peter. “Genre-alizations: Genre Theory in Film Studies.” The Spectator 12, no. 2 (Spring 1992): 6–15. “In his 1957 Anatomy of Criticism, literary theorist Northrop Frye called for a broadening of genre criticism beyond both Aristotelian taxonomies and later mythbased models: ‘the purpose of criticism is not so much to classify as to clarify traditions and affinities, thereby bringing out a large number of . . . relationships that would not be noticed as long as there were no context established for them.’ Following Frye’s lead, genre criticism in film studies has expanded its discourse beyond the constraints of the cinematic object itself.” Lupić, Ivan. “Error personae: Jonsonova Epicena i Shakespeareov Ganimed [Error personae. Jonson’s Epicoene and Shakespeare’s Ganymede]. Umjetnost riječi 3–4 (2007): 221–47. In Polish. Lupton, Julia Reinhard. “The Affordances of Hospitality: Shakespearean Drama between Historicism and Phenomenology.” Poetics Today 35, no. 4 (2014): 615–33. Luz, Ehud. “How to Read the Bible according to Leo Strauss.” Modern Judaism 25, no. 3 (October 2005): 264–84. Quotes Frye on the question of whether the Bible is literature or history: “The Bible’s answer to this question is a curiously quizzical one,” because it refuses to accept “the either–or way of formulating it.” The attempt to reduce the Bible to either poetry or history must be abortive. Its historicity is not in the exact telling of the events but, rather, in its “spiritual profundity or significance.” Luzzi, Joseph. “Verbal Montage and Visual Apostrophe: Zanzotto’s Filò and Fellini’s Voce della luna.” MLN 126, no. 1 (2011): 179–99. “Whether solemn or celebratory,

interrogative or exclamatory, the putative ‘O’ and subsequent poetic form of address associated with apostrophe has, at least since the time of Quintilian, represented what Northrop Frye famously described as a radical of presentation, the emphatic invocation of an external presence, especially in lyric poems. Yet, whomever the poet invokes, he is in reality speaking to himself—with back turned, as it were, to his readers. To understand the lyric poem’s textual economy, the reader must accept the implausibility of the apostrophe, which generally offers insight into the poem’s diction, tone, and metaphoric register. Thus, although certain apostrophes seem improbable, the raw material of lyric, indeed its essence, often lies at the core of these artificial conversations between poet and addressee.” Lyn, Gloria. “Once upon a Time: Some Principles of Storytelling: In the Castle of My Skin.” In Critical Issues in West Indian Literature, ed. Erika Sollish Smilowitz and Roberta Quarles Knowles. Parkersburg, IA: Caribbean Books, 1984. 112–24. Uses Frye’s theories of genre, convention, archetype, and romance to argue that the “reality” in George Lamming’s novel “cannot be presented except within the conventions of literary structure.” Lynch, Deidre. “Recent Studies in the Restoration and Eighteenth Century.” Studies in English Literature, 1500–1900 47, no. 3 (Summer 2007): 723–64. “Last year in this space Cynthia Wall remarked on how her reading marathon had ultimately ratified a comment Northrop Frye made about the eighteenth century’s decorous ‘sense of what it means to be a century’: with the Glorious Revolution happening in 1688 and the storming of the Bastille coming round punctually in 1789, our period, Frye intimated, can feel more solid and less of a fabrication than others.” Lynch, Gerald. “An Endless Flow: D.C. Scott’s Indian Poems.” Studies in Canadian Literature 7, no. 1 (1982). https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/scl/article/ view/7971/9028. “In The Bush Garden, Northrop Frye remarks on the ‘complicated cultural tension [that] arises from the impact of the sophisticated on the primitive, and vice-versa,’ the ‘most dramatic example’ of which, Frye offers, is ‘Duncan Campbell Scott, working in the Department of Indian Affairs in Ottawa. He writes of a starving squaw baiting a fishhook with her own flesh, and writes of the music of Debussy and the poetry of Henry Vaughan.’ With the exception of a few recent studies of individual poems, critical appraisals of Scott’s Indian poems have failed to give full value for the ‘cultural tension’ inherent in this

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controversial aspect of the Scott canon, let alone the complexity of the issues raised.” Lynn, David H. [Introduction]. Kenyon Review, New Series 36, no. 1 (Winter 2014): 3. “In the early 1950s John Crowe Ransom, founding editor of this magazine, invited some of the most celebrated public intellectuals of the day, among them Northrop Frye, William Empson, and Leslie Fiedler, to offer their personal credos on their professional philosophies and aspirations. (These essays, still fascinating, will be reprised in KROnline in coming months.)” Lyons, Charles R. Shakespeare and the Ambiguity of Love’s Triumph. The Hague: Mouton, 1971. Passim. Elaborates on a number of Frye’s ideas, which are then used to interpret Shakespeare’s comedies. Lyons, Deborah. “The Politics of Poetics: Northrop Frye’s Rewriting of Aristotle.” Helios, 24, no. 2 (1997): 136–50. Maintains, on the one hand, that the Poetics cannot be understood except in a political context and, on the other, following the opinions of Fredric Jameson and Terry Eagleton, that Frye’s criticism is too far removed “from the contested spaces of politics.” Lyons, Sara. “Guide to the Year’s Work: Swinburne.” Victorian Poetry 53, no. 3 (2015): 336–9. Andrew Kay’s work on Swinburne “gives a valuable account of Swinburne’s somewhat occluded but important role in the framing axioms of early twentieth century literary criticism, notably in the work of Northrop Frye and I.A. Richards.” Mac/Mc MacAdam, Alfred J. “Northrop Frye’s Theory of Genres and the New Literature of Latin America.” Revista Canadiense de Estudios Hispánicos 3 (Spring 1979): 287–90. Maintains that Frye’s assumption about the existence of literary tradition, which includes readers as well as writers, and his concept of the “radical of presentation” of literary genres can be used to clarify the forms of contemporary Latin American literature and its reaction, particularly in the satiric novel, to cultural dependence. –  “Rereading Resurreiçāo.” Luso-Brazilian Review 9, no. 2 (1972): 47–57. Uses Frye’s theory of satire to argue that the faults many critics see in Machado de Assis’s Resurreiçāo do not really apply if it is seen as an anatomy rather than a novel. –  Textual Confrontations: Comparative Readings in Latin American Literature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. Draws on Frye’s theory of genres throughout.

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McAleer, Robert Paul. “Black Comedy and Identity Loss in Fernando Vallejo’s La virgen de los sicarios: On the Road to Dystopia.” In Hybrid Identity and the Utopian Impulse in the Postmodern Spanish-American Comic Novel. Suffolk, UK: Boydell & Brewer, 2015. Proposes to add “framing devices” to Frye’s definition of the Menippean satire. “In the Menippean satire the framing device, due to the intellectual exuberance of the genre, usually takes the form of some kind of colloquy in which an intellectual debate is worked out. In the utopian and dystopian narrative, because of its format, which entails a journey to imagined lands whose rules and society must be explained and investigated, the framework device takes the form of a dialogue and/or guide.” –  “Contextualising the Debate: The European Comic Tradition and the Question of Context.” Hybrid Identity and the Utopian Impulse in the Postmodern Spanish-American Comic Novel. Suffolk, UK: Boydell & Brewer, 2015. 1–47. Shows how Frye’s idea of comic form begins with Cornford’s study of the ritual origin of dramatic comedy. This eventually is manifest in Shakespeare’s “green world” comedy and then in the plot of the comic novel. Notes that Susan Purdie’s study of comedy runs counter to Frye’s universalizing claims. – “El proceso, Kafka, and the Comic Novel: Ana María Shua’s Soy paciente and the Fear of Individual Freedom.” Modern Language Review 105, no. 1 (January 2010): 131–48. Examines the role of comedy and the influence of Kafka in Ana María Shua’s comic novel Soy paciente (1980). Uses Frye’s rubric of comedy as a point of departure and traces the way in which Shua’s text, like Kafka’s work, simultaneously reveals and distorts the traditional utopian themes of comedy: identity acquisition and social resolution. McAlister, Jodi. “Breaking the Hard Limits: Romance, Pornography, and the Question of Genre in the Fifty Shades Trilogy.” Analyses/Rerearings/Theories (A/R/T) Journal 2 (2015): 23–33. “E.L. James’ Fifty Shades series occupies a liminal space at the nexus of several genres. If we follow Northrop Frye, who argued that the study of genres has to be founded on the study of conventions, then it becomes clear that Fifty Shades contains conventions drawn from several different genres. . . . This article will explore what it means to fuse the genres of romance and pornography, which have both conflicting structures and ideological underpinnings.” MacBride, Craig. “CanLit Canon Review # 16: Northrop Frye’s The Educated Imagination.” Toronto Review

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of Books (11 September 2013). https://www. torontoreviewofbooks.com/2013/09/canlit-canonreview-16-northrop-fryes-the-educated-imagination/. Part of MacBride’s project to read and review the books that shaped Canadian culture. McBurney, Ward. “John Ayre: A Profile.” Acta Victoriana 114, no. 2 [1990]: 15–17. Background story on and review of John Ayre’s Northrop Frye: A Biography. “On its own terms, it is a very entertaining, at times uplifting, read. Ayre’s efforts to ‘manage’ Frye’s opus is too plainly like wrestling with an exceptionally athletic angel to avoid the metaphoric comparison. Like Jacob, Ayre comes out of that struggle with clarity. . . . Ayre has performed a mixture of recreation and rescue work that we should be grateful for.” –  “Northrop Frye: A Profile.” Acta Victoriana 114, no. 2 [1990]: 20–2. An account of an interview with Frye, who comments on Words with Power, Victoria College, Canadian literature, current critical trends, and possession as the end of literary study. –  “Rock of Ages.” In Sky Train and Other Stories from CBC’s ‘Fresh Air.” Toronto: Dundurn Press, 2001. A personal reminiscence that draws on McBurney’s experience with Frye as a teacher and spiritual presence. MacCabe, Colin. “Editorial.” Critical Quarterly 56, no. 2 (July 2014): 131. “Nothing fades quicker than critical reputation. In my first year at university, Northrop Frye was the dernier cri, but I do not sense that he is much read now. Since then a number of epigones of theory—it would be too unkind to name names—have strutted and fretted their hour upon the stage, their names now buried in a much greater obscurity than Frye’s.” McCaffrey, Phillip. “Paradise Regained: The Style of Satan’s Athens.” Milton Quarterly 6, no. 2 (1972): 7–14. Notes Frye’s interpretation, along with the views of many others, of Satan’s speech in Book IV of Paradise Lost. McCallum, Pamela. “Indeterminacy, Irreducibility and Authority in Modern Literary Theory.” Ariel 13 (January 1982): 73–84 [78–9]. Observes that for all of the similar motifs in the work of Frye and Geoffrey Hartman (the romance quest, wandering in the wilderness, the desire for epiphany, the interest in Arnold), their orientations are fundamentally different: Frye sees the text as a vision of possibilities and literary studies as teleological; Hartman sees the text as a wilderness and literary studies as creative. –  “Nationalism, an Emancipatory Project? 1968 and After.” Cultural Critique 103 (Spring 2019): 62–8. “Initially, in the 1968 spirit of moving beyond approved

institutional knowledges, [Canadian] students from literature, history, political science, and other disciplines gathered to educate one another on contemporary Canadian culture. We rented a new National Film Board documentary on an emergent Montréal writer and musician, Leonard Cohen; we organized a study group to read and discuss Gabrielle Roy and Margaret Laurence; we sought out new Canadian plays at Bill Glassco’s Tarragon Theatre and gathered to discuss them afterward. Toronto erupted with new cultural explorations. The little-known independent publisher House of Anansi brought out two books on Canadian literature by very different writers: from the eminent University of Toronto scholar Northrop Frye came The Bush Garden, and a year later the same press offered Survival: A Thematic Guide to Canadian Literature from a young writer just beginning to be noticed, Margaret Atwood.” McCallus, Joseph P. Forgotten under a Tropical Sun: War Stories by American Veterans in the Philippines, 1898–1913. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2017. Notes that Frye sees the autobiography as “essentially a romantic confession, which ‘merges with the novel through a series of insensible gradations.’” McCance, Dawne. “Introduction.” Mosaic: A Journal for the Interdisciplinary Study of Literature 36, no. 3 (September 2003): v–vii. “In Graham Nicol Forst’s “‘Frye Spiel’: Northrop Frye and Homo Ludens,” play is reading’s central motif. For Frye, Forst contends, readers-selves see things holistically only when ‘playfully’ detached, and literature ‘is the quintessential “playful” medium because it is ‘detached from immediate action.’ Frye drew the notion of homo ludens from Johan Huizinga, Forst explains; but Frye also recast the idea of the player and enriched its understanding.” McCann, Gillian, and Gitte Bechsgaard. “The Supremacy of the Subtle.” In The Sacred in Exile: What It Really Means to Lose Our Religion. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. 111–17. “The world’s myths, epics and tales offer what Frye and MacPherson [in Biblical and Classical Myths (2004)] refer to as a ‘mythological framework.’ We live within the myths of our culture knowingly or unknowingly, and as Frye notes we are conditioned by them even before we are fully conscious as ‘their sounds and cadences echo through our language.’” McCarthy, Paul. “Elements of Anatomy in Melville’s Fiction.” Studies in the Novel 6, no. 1 (1974): 38–61. The anatomy as described by Northrop Frye and Philip Stevick is an important genre in Melville’s long fiction. Characters as embodiments of ideas or attitudes,

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

intellectual and verbal play, encyclopedic materials, and a mixture of forms are elements appearing in representative works.” (author’s abstract) McCartney, Andra. “Ethical Questions about Working with Soundscapes.” Organised Sound 21, no. 2 (August 2016): 160–5. “Thomas Cole and other American landscape painters of the nineteenth century, and Canadian painters such as the Group of Seven in the twentieth century, considered Nature a wellspring of inspiration and solitude, where the individual voice of the artist could be heard away from the distractions of the city. Canadian author and critic Northrop Frye argues that a specifically Canadian approach to the romantic landscape is one associated with a far horizon and a long-range perspective.” McCarty, Willard. “Getting There from Here. Remembering the Future of Digital Humanities.” Literary and Linguistic Computing 29, no. 3 (2014): 283–306. –  “Knowing . . . : Modeling in Literary Studies.” In A Companion to Digital Literary Studies, ed. Susan Schreibman and Ray Siemens. Oxford: Blackwell, 2008. http://www.digitalhumanities.org/companionDLS/. McCarty agrees with Jean-Claude Gardin and Frye that digital tools in the humanities provide an effective way for quantitative analysis even though the use of such tools does not lead to the ultimate aim of the humanities. Draws on Frye’s essay “Literary and Mechanical Models” in The Eternal Act of Creation. –  “Tree, Turf, Centre, Archipelago—or Wild Acre? Metaphors and Stories for Humanities Computing.” In Defining Digital Humanities: A Reader, ed. Melissa Terras, Julianne Tyhan, and Edward Vanhoutte. London and New York: Routledge, 2013. 97–118. In his discussion of the metaphor of the centre, turns to Frye’s oft repeated notion that any discipline can become the centre of all knowledge by providing “a structure that can expand into other structures.” McClelland, Joli Barham. Review of The Subversive Harry Potter: Adolescent Rebellion and Containment in the J.K. Rowling Novels, by Vandana Saxena. Children’s Literature Association Quarterly 38, no. 1 (Spring 2013): 129–31. “The opening chapter of The Subversive Harry Potter covers a wide swath of territory related to established concepts within hero mythology, focusing on salient points of the series that coincide with the proto-typical development of a heroic figure and drawing on a supporting array of scholars including Joseph Campbell, Northrop Frye, and Sigmund Freud.”

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McClelland, Richard T. The Philosophy of Clint Eastwood. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 2014. “A significant group of Clint Eastwood’s films fall within what we call, following Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism, the master genre of romance. With Mystic River (2003), Eastwood’s films turn away from the genre of romance toward a focus on the tragic and on the master genre of tragedy. . . . we will examine the trajectory of Eastwood’s films from romance to tragedy, focusing in particular on how both romance and tragedy are concretized by films that fall within familiar cinematic genres, such as the Western and the police procedural.” McConnell, Frank. “The Bard’s Primal Scene.” Review of Shakespeare and the Goddess of Complete Being, by Ted Hughes. Commonweal (6 November 1992): 31–2. “Hughes’ method, I devoutly hope, will earn anger and derision from the freemasons of the inarticulate who currently populate Enflish departments. It is the kind of mythological reading that critics like that good and mourned man Northrop Frye and, yes, Harold Bloom, provide us. (In fact, for any student who really gives a damn about literature, I’d say, ‘Save your tuition, read Shakespeare and the Goddess of Complete Being, Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism, and Bloom’s Book of J, and then read everything else.’” –  “Northrop Frye and Anatomy of Criticism.” Sewanee Review 92 (Fall 1984): 622–9. Rpt. in Critics Who Made Us: Essays from the Sewanee Review, ed. George Core. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1993. An autobiographical account of the influence that Frye’s work has had upon the author—from the time he first encountered Anatomy of Criticism in the classroom of William Wimsatt up through the publication of The Great Code. Recalls that the chief effect of the Anatomy was “the reach, the expanse, the sheer joy” implicit in the book, that what Frye chiefly taught was “that we have the right to know, and to employ, all available information about the structure of human consciousness,” and that the exhilarating end of Frye’s enterprise was that it showed the function of criticism to be “simply the full exercise of the moral intelligence.” Maintains that the value of Frye’s work is that it keeps the proper, human balance between New Critical formalism and poststructuralism. Finds analogies between Anatomy of Criticism and Schleiermacher’s claim that any text could be sacred, sees Frye as anticipating the best of reader-response criticism, and discovers a similarity between Anatomy of Criticism and the ways in which the work of both Descartes and Chomsky encourages an encounter between objective intellectual structures and the individual human mind.

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Observes finally that The Great Code “completes and harmonizes” Frye’s whole life as a critic, because this book shows that the Bible “can be read as a model of all our reading, teaching us how to read the rest of the world.” –  Storytelling and Mythmaking: Images from Film and Literature. New York: Oxford University Press, 1979. 7–9. On Frye’s contribution to the discovery that the stories of the world constitute a “single, complicated but uniform structure.” McConnell briefly outlines Frye’s theory of myths. Acknowledges his substantial debt to Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism. MacCormac, Earl R. A Cognitive Theory of Metaphor. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1985. 40–1, 194–9. Examines the semantic implications of Frye’s diaphoric understanding of metaphor, arguing that one cannot separate, as Frye’s theory of criticism tends to do, the iconic from the semantic meaning of metaphor. McCorristine, Shane. “Searching for Franklin: A Contemporary Canadian Ghost Story.” British Journal of Canadian Studies 26, no. 1 (2013): 39–57. “[W]e have the rhetorical connection between being lost in the geographical sense and being lost in the psychological sense. This is an important area in Canadian criticism, with Atwood pointing out the theme of the ‘will to lose’ in literature and Northrop Frye declining to ask [the] question of himself, ‘Who am I?’ and instead asking the question of his country, ‘Where is here?’” McCraw, David. “How to Read Chinese Poetry: A Guided Anthology: Reviewer’s Truncated Second Thoughts.” China Review International 17, no. 1 (2010): 58–9. “Prof. Cai’s continued insistence on the quasi-magical power of ‘characters’ has unfortunate repercussions. One example must suffice: my review [see next entry] took him to task for misusing Northrop Frye’s distinctions among three kinds of rhythm. Rebutting, Prof. Cai ditches Frye for a distinction between ‘characterbased’ and ‘sense-based’ rhythm. Changing terms does clarify that (Frye’s) metrical rhythm can diverge from ‘semantic rhythm’; here, Prof. Cai has improved on his previous confusing usages. But we still balk at ‘character based rhythm’ for prosodic features.” –  Review of How to Read Chinese Poetry: A Guided Anthology, by Cai Zong-qi. New York: Columbia University Press, 2008. China Review International 17, no. 1 (2010): 22–43. “Unfortunately, Cai’s grip on relations between Chinese grammar and poetic vision does not measurably exceed his grasp of English grammar. He tries to use the category ‘semantic rhythm’ to generate a Chinese poetic syntax. Cai seems unaware

that Northrop Frye, in his Anatomy of Criticism, reserved ‘semantic rhythm’ for English prose, claiming that most verse forms use ‘metrical-accentual rhythm’ but that a more anomalous ‘associative rhythm’ marked lyrical verse. For Frye, ‘lyrical rhythm is fashioned by juxtaposing short fragments of irregular length and by using primitive syntax. While the structures that produce prose rhythm are syntactical, those that form the lyric’s rhythm are asyntactical (and sometimes even paratactical).’ It strikes me that, although Frye expressly limited his structuralist insights to English-language literature, you could apply his schema with care to Chinese poetry.” MacCulloch, Claire. The Neglected Genre: The Short Story in Canada. Guelph, ON: Alive Press, 1973. 75–81, 93–4. On the application of three of Frye’s concepts to the interpretation of the Canadian short story: symbol and other repeated conventions, mythology, and “garrison mentality.” Also glances at some of the negative response generated by Frye’s 1965 comment that Canada had not yet produced internationally significant art. McCutcheon, Russell T. Review of Myth, Rhetoric and the Voice of Authority: A Critique of Frazer, Eliot, Frye and Campbell, by Marc Manganaro. University of Toronto Quarterly 66, no. 1 (Winter 1996–7): 359–63. On, among other things, Manganaro’s analysis of the rhetoric of Frye’s comparative method in The Critical Path. MacDonald, Ágnes Vashegyi. Review of Canada in Eight Tongues: Translating Canada in Central Europe. hungarianpresence.ca (26 May 2013). “József Szili’s monograph describes his process of translating Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism. The challenges, as Szili reveals, were grounded in the attempts of translating many of Frye’s terminologies into the Hungarian vocabulary of criticism. For example, the taken for granted term, romance novel, in fact demands several versions of translation in an effort to convey the same meaning in Hungarian. Frye’s theories of history similarly beget difficulties for introducing new concepts in Hungarian.” Macdonald, David Bruce. “What Is the Nation? Towards a Teleological Model of Nationalism.” In Balkan Holocausts? Serbian and Croatian Victim Centered Propaganda and the War in Yugoslavia. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 2003. MacDonald “introduces a useful analytical model to help understand the nature of Serbian and Croatian myths, the types of imagery they invoke, and how they are structured. This lays the groundwork for a more detailed study of how national myths have been used instrumentally in

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Serbia and Croatia to promote self-determination, the shifting of borders and populations, and the installation of despotic and corrupt regimes. For the ancient Hebrew nation, a cyclical form of teleology, composed of a Golden Age, a Fall, and a Redemption, constituted what Northrop Frye and others have termed a ‘covenantal cycle.’ Covenants imply faith in an omnipresent, omnipotent god, able to guide the nation in times of distress and hardship. Ideas of Covenant, chosenness, Golden Age, Fall, and Redemption have formed the core of several modern nationalisms.” MacDonald, Julia. “Demonic Time in Macbeth.” Ben Jonson Journal: Literary Contexts in the Age of Elizabeth, James and Charles 17, no. 1 (May 2010): 76–96. Calls on Frye’s views of tragedy throughout. –  “Keeping Time in Spenser and Shakespeare: The Temporality of Spenserian Stanza and Shakespearean Blank Verse.” Ben Jonson Journal 22, no. 1 (2015): 83– 100. MacDonald opens her article by saying, “The chief aim of magic is to control the spirits, their time and space. They were controlled in time by the recitation of spells and in space by the drawing of the magic circle,” a point Frye makes in The Great Code and elsewhere. McDonald, Keiko. “Picturing Japaneseness: Monumental Style, National Identity, Japanese Film.” Film Quarterly 51, no. 1 (Fall 1997): 54–5. Review of Picturing Japaneseness: Monumental Style, National Identity, Japanese Film, by Darrell William Davis. “There is . . . some difficulty arising out of Davis’s application of a Western critical method, specifically the theory on myth explored in Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism. In chapter 4, Davis talks about the high and low mimetic modes—a focal point of Frye’s pioneer work in Western modern literary criticism—as they relate to the representative works of monumental style. However, this theoretical thrust is not really tested in the chapters that are devoted to close analyses of individual films.” MacDonald, R.D. “Frye’s Modern Century Reconsidered.” Studies in Canadian Literature 4 (Winter 1979): 95–108. Gives a detailed account of each chapter of The Modern Century. Argues against such readers of the book as Howard Mumford Jones and George Grant, who claim, respectively, that Frye presents too negative a vision of modern life and that his non-evaluative view of the humanities makes them irrelevant. Maintains that Frye’s response to the modern century is not simply negative; rather it is concerned “with art in relation to man’s condition.” Illustrates that Frye’s vision is comic, in that it provides an exit from the twentieth-century nightmare of alienation, anxiety, and absurdity by way of an almost religious faith “in the elusive divinity of man.”

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McDonald, Rónán. The Death of the Critic. London: Continuum, 2007. Argues that because of cultural studies, critical jargon, and the democratization of opinion, the public no longer has interest in what academic critics have to say. Still, McDonald holds out hope that the position of public critics like Frye, Lionel Trilling, and F.R. Leavis might be restored. MacDonald, Tanis. “Fracture Mechanics: Canadian Poetry since 1960.” In Oxford Handbook of Canadian Literature, ed. Cynthia Sugars. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2016. “Northrop Frye’s ‘Conclusion’ to editor Carl F. Klinck’s Literary History of Canada (1965), with its emphasis on the ‘garrison mentality’ in Canadian literature—that is, the tendency to erect a protecting fortress around the community to protect it from the invading forces of monstrous nature—is often cited as the first articulation of Canadian literature’s ‘conscious mythology,’ or what came to be known as thematic criticism in Canada.” McDougall, Robert L. “The Dodo and the Cruising Auk: Class in Canadian Literature.” Canadian Literature 18 (Autumn 1963): 6–20. Rpt. in Contexts of Canadian Criticism, ed. Eli Mandel. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971. 216–31 [219–20]. A review and assessment of Frye’s “La tradition narrative dans la poesie canadienne-anglaise.” “Professor Frye’s feeling . . . for our literature seems to me so absolutely right (his accounting for what he finds is another matter, for I think he is misleading when he says that the northern environment is the cause) that I have only to go on from where he leaves off.” –  Review of The Technological Imperative in Canada: An Intellectual History, by R. Douglas Francis. Labour 67 (Spring 2011): 232–4. This book “draws a wider circle than any comparable work on the subject. Its focus is broader than Robert Babe’s Canadian Communication Thought, and the book is more suitable for undergraduates and general readers than Arthur Kroker’s Technology and the Canadian Mind. By including literary figures like Frye, politicianintellectuals like King, and poets like Pratt and Lee, along with essential intellectuals like Innis and McLuhan, Francis makes plain a pervasive Canadian engagement with technology. Given the breadth of his topic, Francis’s central argument is necessarily loosefitting, but his writing is always lucid and his analysis assured. The Technological Imperative in Canada is not flashy, but it is intelligently constructed and eminently worthwhile.” MacDowell, James. “Introduction.” Irony in Film. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. 1–19. “The ‘discrepant

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awareness’ associated with dramatic irony is only possible if a film highlights for us salient facts about the story of which certain characters remain ignorant; equally, we might think of what Northrop Frye calls the ‘ironic mode’ in fiction, which is said to feature a protagonist who is ‘inferior in power or intelligence to ourselves.’ Perhaps unsurprisingly, then, point of view is a concept referred to not infrequently in the few extant scholarly engagements with filmic irony and one to which this book will often return.” McDowell, John N. “Academic Freedom and the Adventist Religion Teacher.” Spectrum (26 October 2001). http://old.spectrummagazine.org/library/ columns2001/011026mcdowell.html. On the necessity for Adventists to recognize both the myth of concern and the myth of freedom, as these are outlined in Frye’s The Critical Path. McEleney, Corey. “Spenser’s Unhappy Ends: The Legend of Courtesy and the Pleasure of the Text.” ELH 79, no. 4 (Winter 2012): 797–822. The episode in book 6 of The Faerie Queene “can be read as the manifestation of a particular version or understanding of romance: as an end-oriented, wish-fulfillment narrative that revolves around the miraculous recovery of displaced origins and disrupted genealogies. This reading of romance as redemptive forms the basis of Northrop Frye’s discussions of the mode, and it constitutes romance’s most recognizable avatar in literary history. The narratives that follow this pattern of loss–wandering– recovery derive from the Hellenistic prose fiction of Heliodorus and others, so popular among Elizabethan writers. In The Secular Scripture, Frye offers a catalogue of the narrative devices common to these redemptive romances.” McEvenue, Sean. “Northrop Frye, ‘The Great Code’: A Critique.” In Interpretation and Bible: Essays on Truth in Literature. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 1994. Chap. 8 is devoted to Frye. MacEwen, Philip. “Edward Caird, Northrop Frye and Kant Scholarship.” In AngloAmerican Idealism, Thinkers and Ideas, ed. James Connelly and Stamatoula Panagakou. New York: Peter Lang, 2010. 357–82. McFadden, George. “Twentieth-Century Theorists: Mauron, Cornford, Frye.” In Discovering the Comic. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1982. 152–73 [159–73]. Points to the similarities between Frye’s theory of comedy and those of Freud, Bergson, and Cornford. Examines Frye’s views on comic structure and character types as presented in Anatomy of Criticism and notes his strong emphasis on the social aspect of

comedy. Concludes that Frye’s theory is fundamentally romantic, stemming from his belief that comedy points towards an ideal, imaginative order of humanity and nature that reverses the “natural perspective” of irony and realism. McFarland, Douglas. “Genre and Charisma in Shaw’s Major Barbara.” In Screening Modern Irish Fiction and Drama, ed. R. Barton Palmer and Marc C. Conner. N.p.: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. 73–88. Observes that the comic denouement transpires in the context of what Frye and Bakhtin call the Menippean satire. McFarlane, Duncan. “Northrop Frye, Harold Bloom, and the Problem of Satire.” A paper read at Educating the Imagination: A Conference in Honour of Northrop Frye on the Centenary of His Birth, University of Toronto, 4–6 October 2013. –  “The Universal Literary Solvent: Northrop Frye and the Problem of Satire, 1942 to 1957.” English Studies in Canada 37, no. 2 (June 2011): 153–72. On Frye’s theory of satire and its pervasive influence. Macfarlane, Heather. “The Resurrection of ‘Charlie’ Wenjack.” Canadian Literature no. 236 (Spring 2018): 92–110. Gord Downie’s songs about Wenjack and his tragic death “heed closely to the kind of ‘garrison mentality’ theorized by Northrop Frye and other nationalist critics like Margaret Atwood, who adopted his thematics, for whom fear of the wilderness became one of the defining characteristics of Canadian settler literature. As such, Downie’s songs about Wenjack are more reflective of settler tropes than Indigenous emotional responses.” Macfie, Alexander Lyon. Review of Philosophy of History after Hayden White, ed. Robert Doran. Rethinking History 18, no. 4 (May 2014): 626–32. McGaughey, Jane G.V. Review of Toronto, The Belfast of Canada: The Orange Order and the Shaping of Municipal Culture, William J. Smyth. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2015. “Smyth argues that Orangeism was not only an Irish manifestation of a broader British Protestant ideology, but one that allowed ‘No Surrender’ rhetoric to merge with the Canadian ‘garrison mentality.’ Northrop Frye, the great literary critic who invented the ‘garrison mentality’ mystique, appears in a later chapter critiquing the Orange Order’s stranglehold over Toronto’s civic culture, in which Sabbatarianism—a literal reading of the Sabbath commandment where Sunday was devoted only to worship and rest—and a rigid moral righteousness exerted themselves through the workings of the

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municipal government to such an extent that even Frye, a good Methodist, was disturbed.” Mcgee, John. “A Set of Wit Well-Played in Romeo and Juliet Act 2, Scene 3?” Shakespeare 10, no. 1 (January 2014): 1–22. McGhee, Richard D. “John Wayne: Hero with a Thousand Faces.” Literature/Film Quarterly 16, no. 1 (1988): 10– 21. Wayne’s films “compose themselves into a mythic pattern that marks them (and his career) as the matter of folklore and folk art. This pattern is one which has been described by several different critics of art and culture, but none more usefully than by Joseph Campbell and Northrop Frye.” “Not the only such star to make up the form of the monomyth, John Wayne may be the most obvious and the most universal. . . . The monomyth, as Campbell has described it, is a romantic cycle of (1) separation, or departure; (2) trials and victories of initiation; and (3) return and reintegration with society. This same cycle is rendered by Northrop Frye as a scheme determined by the four seasons.” –  “Transcendental Aesthetics of Space and Time in the Literary Theories of Northrop Frye and Harold Bloom.” Aligarh Critical Miscellany 4, no. 1 (1991): 89–97. Argues that “the theories and practices of Northrop Frye and Harold Bloom are to be understood as a continuation of the old American preoccupation with problems of self-identity: one emphasizes the Mosaic mission of deliverance from a land of bondage, the other gives voice to the mission of Paul as an evangel of historical fulfillment.” Focuses on the spatial and temporal features of the two critics’ work. McGillivray, Andrew. “The Best Kept Secret: Ransom, Wealth, and Power in Volsunga Saga.” Scandinavian Studies 87, no. 3 (Fall 2015): 365–83. “Northrop Frye writes that ‘treasure means wealth, which in mythopoeic romance often means wealth in its ideal forms, power and wisdom.’ Are power and wisdom connected to treasure? This paper challenges Frye’s statement by exploring the action of Volsunga saga, a thirteenthcentury Icelandic ‘mythopoeic romance’ (what we may consider legendary or heroic literature), to determine if the characters who come into contact with great wealth—as many in the saga do—also attain increased wisdom and power.” McGrath, Charles. “No Kidding: Does Irony Illuminate or Corrupt?” New York Times (5 August 2000): B9. Uses Frye’s view of irony in Anatomy of Criticism as a framework for discussing books by Jedediah Purdy and Dave Eggers.

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McGrath, Jennifer. “Northrop Frye, What a Guy.” Jennifer McGrath blog (19 July 2014). https://www. jennifermcgrath.ca/single-post/2014/07/19/NorthropFrye-What-a-Guy. On her discovery of Frye by way of The Secular Scripture and on his speaking at her high school graduation (they both hailed from Moncton, NB). McGrath, John. Review of Beckett and Musicality, ed. Sara Jane Bailes and Nicholas Till. Music and Letters 96, no. 4 (November 2015): 681–3. “The issue [of poetic musicality] had perhaps reached its most ridiculous point with Northrop Frye’s declaration that ‘the literary meaning of musical is unmusical.’” McGregor, Gaile. “View from the Fort: Erving Goffman as Canadian.” Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology/Revue Canadienne de Sociologie et d’Anthropologie 23, no. 4 (November 1986): 531–43. Claims that the preoccupations and vision of Goffman can be found in the work of other Canadian scholars, including Frye, Harold Innis, and Marshall McLuhan. –  The Wacousta Syndrome: Explorations in the Canadian Landscape. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1985. 357–8, 404–5, and passim. Argues that the allegorizing tendency in Frye’s criticism makes myth, from the Canadian perspective, both “serious and playful.” McGregor, Rafe. “Poetic Thickness.” British Journal of Aesthetics 54, no. 1 (2014): 49–64. “There is a peculiar terminological issue to address when discussing works of the literary art form, highlighted by Northrop Frye, who states: ‘The fact, already mentioned, that there is no word for a work of literary art is one that I find particularly baffling.’” McGuire, Michael. “Ideology and Myth as Structurally Different Bases for Political Argumentation.” Journal of the American Forensic Association 24, no. 1 (1987): 16–26. Published online 23 January 2018. Machann, Clinton. “Guide to the Year’s Work: Matthew Arnold.” Victorian Poetry 44, no. 3 (Fall 2006): 316–21. “Among the many other recent publications that are concerned with Arnold’s relationships with his contemporaries or his influence on later writers and thinkers, J. Russell Perkin’s ‘Northrop Frye and Matthew Arnold’ (University of Toronto Quarterly 74: 793–815) stands out as a major new study. The relationship between Arnold’s thought and that of Frye is complex indeed, and Perkin’s investigation of sources such as Frye’s student essays and marginalia written in copies of Frye’s books, as well as numerous references to Arnold in Frye’s major publications, is full of insights about the two men. Frye responded positively

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to Arnold’s ‘concept of culture, and the social goal of criticism’ but he reacted to his influential precursor with ‘disagreement, resentment, and anxiety’ as well. Frye, as a strong supporter of Protestant Nonconformity, was especially critical of Arnold’s religious views. Perkin concludes that the ‘dialectic between Arnold and Frye encapsulates much of the history of liberal education in the last century and provides some clues about directions that might be taken in the next.’” McInnes, Neil. “The Great Doomsayer: Oswald Spengler Reconsidered.” National Interest 1 (June 1997): https:// nationalinterest.org/bookreview/the-great-doomsayeroswald-spengler-reconsidered-915. “Northrop Frye said that every single element of this construction [of a cycle of cultures] (‘one of the world’s great Romantic poems’) has been utterly refuted a dozen times, and yet that its leading ideas are ‘as much part of our mental outlook today as the electron or the dinosaur, and in that sense we are all Spenglerians.’ We can test that proposition by separating out the leading ideas from the profusion of learning, poesy, mysticism, and oracle that is The Decline of the West. They are two: the conviction that the West is doomed and that its sun is already setting; and the assertion that culture comes in totalities, monads that are not connected by any bridges that could escape cultural relativism.” Macintosh, Norman B., and C. Richard Baker. “A Literary Theory Perspective on Accounting: Towards Heteroglossic Accounting Reports.” Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 15, no. 2 (2002): 184– 222. “This paper adopts a literary theory perspective to depict accounting reports and information as texts rather than as economic commodities and so available for analysis from the vantage point of semiotic linguistic theory. In doing so, it takes the literary turn followed by many of the social sciences and humanities in recent decades. It compares and contrasts four dominant genres of literary theory—expressive realism, the new criticism, structuralism, and deconstructionism—to developments in accounting.” The authors place Frye’s work in the structuralist camp. McIntyre, Christina Janise. “The Reader, the Text, the Interpretation.” In Critical Literacy Initiatives for Civic Engagement, ed. Angela M. Cartwright and Emily K. Reeves. Hershey, PA: IGI Global, 2019. 29–46. McKay, Sandra. “Literature in the ESL Classroom.” TESOL Quarterly 16, no. 4 (December 1982): 529–36. Comments on Frye’s contention in The Educated Imagination that the teaching of literature can lead to tolerance.

McKenna, Teresa. Migrant Song: Politics and Process in Contemporary Chicano Literature. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1997. In her chapter on Rolando Hinojosa’s Klail City Death Trip Series, McKenna probes his comic technique, relying on Frye’s definition of the comic. Mackenzie, Gina. “Geoffrey Hartman.” In Oxford Bibliographies: Literary and Critical Theory. New York, Oxford University Press, 2017. http:// oxfordbibliographiesonline.com/view/document/ obo-9780190221911/obo-9780190221911-0039. xml. “Hartman is one of the most important literary critics of the 20th century. His work spans six decades, beginning in the 1950s, and covers a wide range of topics, including romantic theory, literary theory, trauma theory, and Holocaust studies. Along with Paul de Man, Edward W. Said, William V. Spanos, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, Daniel T. O’Hara, Lionel Trilling, Harold Bloom, and Northrop Frye, Hartman stands as one of the greatest minds of the great generation.” –  “The Sight of Memory: Bloom’s ‘Otherseeing’ in Possessed by Memory.” Symploke 27, nos. 1–2 (2019): 329–32. “Early in his career, Harold Bloom was used to working in the organized methodology and mythology of Frye’s tutelage. When Bloom came into his own theoretical innovation, he no longer needed Frye’s work, which became an ‘otherness.’ The otherness that Bloom recognizes is the knowledge that even when in opposition to one’s perspective the opposing point of view still holds sway and that can cause, to varying degrees, a sense of the degradation of autonomy. That is loss, and so to place the sense that we are not alone, and that we grieve not being alone, in a section on elegy seems to make perfect sense. In recognizing the subversive effects the other can have on the self, Bloom is recognizing that his critical voice is always at risk of being undermined.” McKenzie, Hope Earl. “Sculpting Ideas: Can Philosophy Be an Art Form?” Philosophy and Literature 40, no. 1 (April 2016): 34–43. “There is something mythic about the Phaedo, not in the sense that it is an ancient religious story but closer to Northrop Frye’s secondary use of the word to mean stories that ‘have a peculiar significance’ in that they tell their society things that are important for it to know. So, for more than two thousand years, this story has been telling the West about the price individuals might have to pay for criticizing their societies, and for seeking truth and advancing virtue. Over that period, countless writers, artists, philosophers, and journalists have, like Socrates, been imprisoned and executed for doing just that. Today we use banners such as ‘freedom of speech’ and ‘academic freedom’ to assert

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what the Athenian government denied Socrates. He is arguably the world’s most famous intellectual martyr.” McKenzie, Stephanie. Before the Country: Native Renaissance, Canadian Mythology. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007. “In the context of Northrop Frye’s theories of myth, and in light of the attempts of social critics and early anthologists to define Canada and Canadian literature, McKenzie discusses the ways in which our decidedly fractured sense of literary nationalism has set indigenous culture apart from the mainstream.” (from publisher’s abstract) –  “To Ease Her Exile: Reading Una Marson’s Poetry Intently and Welcoming Alison Donnell’s Una Marson: Selected Poems.” Caribbean Quarterly 58, nos. 2–3 (2012): 144–63. A review of Marson’s Selected Poetry. McKenzie notes that Frye once said that Wordsworth’s “Preface to the Lyrical Ballads” is ‘“a remarkable document, but as a piece of Wordsworthian criticism nobody would give it more than about a B plus.’ When he made this statement, Frye had in mind that authors do not make for their own best critics, but it could also be said that Wordsworth’s youthful stance on shifting poetics is certainly not as strong as his later work.” McKeon, Michael. “The Eighteenth-Century Challenge to Narrative Theory.” In Narrative Concepts in the Study of Eighteenth-Century Literature, ed. Liisa Steinby and Aino Mäkikalli. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2017. “Years ago in graduate school, as I became aware of the novel as something to study as well as to read, my eye was caught by two recent books whose claim was that the novel was getting a lot more attention than it deserved. Although very different in other respects, both Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism and Scholes and Kellogg’s The Nature of Narrative made the point that in those days, the dominance of novel studies was such that to speak of the novel, it seemed, was to speak of narrative as such. Their influential books argued that it was time to put the novel genre in its place by resituating it within the narrative mode, thereby throwing into relief all the other genres that had preceded it.” –  Theory of the Novel: A Historical Approach. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000. 2–3, 74–5. Introductory comments on Frye’s genre theory, accompanying the reprinting of selections from the Anatomy and Frye’s other works. For comments by other anthologized critics on Frye, see pp. 32, 40, 43, 47, 372, 404, 405–8, 618, and 629. Mackey, Eva. “Death by Landscape: Race, Nature, and Gender in Canadian Nationalist Mythology.” Canadian

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Woman Studies 20, no. 2 (Summer 2000): 125–30. Examines the cultural politics of race, gender, and nature in the nationalist ideas of Frye and others—the Canada First movement, the Group of Seven, and Margaret Atwood. Maclean, Amanda. “Response to Northrop Frye on Utopian Fiction.” Writing Portfolio. http:// amandamacleanportfolio.blogspot.com/2011/04/ response-to-northrop-frye-on-utopian.html. “Frye gives a thorough and engaging analysis of utopian literature and More’s special use of imaginative creativity and satire. It is apparent, however, that he errs in categorizing The Republic with More as a piece of utopian fiction. While Plato’s work may have been a prototype for authors like More to draw from, it is a piece of writing that explicitly communicates the ideals and values of Platonic philosophers, not a work of imaginative fiction meant to engage readers with creative possibilities.” McLean, Tom. “‘An amateur self-deceiving job’: M.K. Joseph’s A Soldier’s Tale and the Gothic Tradition in New Zealand Literature.” Journal of New Zealand Literature 35, no. 2 (2017): 90–113. On the possible influence of Frye on Joseph: the two were classmates at Oxford. “He travelled with Northrop Frye who, according to Joseph, ‘was certainly working hard on Blake by 1939, and already had substantial work in manuscript—even perhaps a draft of Fearful Symmetry—I’m not sure.’ Frye’s letters suggest that he did have a draft on Blake, called Fearful Symmetry, but that it would change dramatically over the next few years. Discussing such a trip, Frye wrote, ‘I think Mike should be a good man to travel with—he’s quiet but has a keen sense of humor, he’s a very liberal-minded Catholic, and although he seems to know little of art and music, he’s interested in literary symbolism and I’m expecting him to be a big help on the Blake.’ Normandy, Blake—or Frye’s interpretation of Blake—and the Second World War were presumably tied up together in Joseph’s mind.” MacLeod, Elizabeth, and John Mantha (illustrator). “Northrop Frye.” In The Kids Book of Great Canadians. Toronto: Kids Can Press, 2008. McLoughlin, Kate. “The Great War and Modern Memory.” Essays in Criticism 64, no. 4 (October 2014): 436–58. “The First World War centenary commemorations and the issue of a new edition in 2013 following its author’s death in 2012 make this a good time to revisit Paul Fussell’s The Great War and Modern Memory. It is a book which First World War literary scholars and historians return to obsessively, with a mixture of

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admiration and irritation. The admiration is for the way in which Fussell pioneered thinking about the war in terms of its impact on cultural history, rather than in terms of its military or geopolitical significance; his attention to literary detail; and the emotional intensity of his argument, both moving and sobering. The irritation flows from his narrow interpretation of the conflict; his sub-Northrop Fryean mode of literary analysis; his historical inaccuracies and generalisations.” Frye’s theory of modes in Anatomy of Criticism gives structure and unity to Fussell’s book. McLuhan, Marshall. From Cliché to Archetype. New York: Viking Press, 1970. 7–10, 15, 18, 36, 85–7, 128–9. Seems to argue that as technical clichés are abandoned, having reached a certain stage of use, they become archetypes, which are old forms for new clichés. Refers throughout the book, most of the time disparagingly, to Frye’s view of archetype and to his inattention to non-verbal and non-literary forms of culture. –  Review of Figures and Grounds in Linguistic Criticism: Interpretation of Narrative, ed. Mario J. Valdés and Owen J. Miller. et Cetera 70, no. 4 (October 2013): 456–61. “Owen Miller has the last word, in his Epilogue, where he observes: Northrop Frye has reminded us, what one learns in literary studies is not literary works themselves but literary criticism, in other words the critical discourse that actualizes verbally the reader’s or critic’s thought about literary works. Miller’s ‘Interpretation of Narrative’ is an indispensable survey of current schools of linguistic criticism.” MacLulich, T.D. “Canadian Exploration as Literature.” Canadian Literature 81 (Summer 1979): 72–85. Argues that exploration literature can be analysed in terms of what Hayden White, following Frye, calls “emplotment,” the shaping of the historical record into one of Frye’s four narrative patterns. Shows that there are three basic forms of exploration accounts (quest, odyssey, and ordeal) and that while they “do not correspond directly to Frye’s typology of narrative forms . . . they can be related to an overlapping, but less inclusive, set of fictional categories” (romance, novel, tragedy). –  “Our Place on the Map: The Canadian Tradition in Fiction.” University of Toronto Quarterly 52, no. 2 (1982): 191–208. “Northrop Frye’s magisterial ‘Conclusion’ to the first edition of Literary History of Canada remains the best overview we possess of the principal features of Canadian literary culture. Yet in the course of his masterful synthesis Frye remarks: ‘of the general principles of cultural history we still know relatively little.’ Like most of Frye’s pronouncements, this one has an imposing air of finality.”

–  “What Was Canadian Literature? Taking Stock of the Canlit Industry.” Essays on Canadian Writing 30 (Winter 1984–85): 17–34 [26–7]. Finds in Frye’s wellknown essays on Canadian literature a corollary to George Grant’s lament that Canada has only imitated U.S. culture and society. Notes, however, that in The Modern Century, Frye’s assessment of Canadian literature takes another direction: it finds itself immersed in an international style. MacLure, Millar. “Literary Scholarship.” In Literary History of Canada: Canadian Literature in English, ed. Carl F. Klinck. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1965. 540; 2nd ed., vol. 2, 1976, 61. A listing of some of Frye’s major and minor works, along with brief remarks on his style and method. “We are too close to Frye to assess his ultimate influence in the intellectual life of the Western academy; his work as scholaradministrator and as lecturer-at-large in the cause of the humanities is spread very widely at present and demonstrates one continuity in Canadian intellectual life, for it significantly recalls . . . the careers of those missionaries of culture who created the constituencies of the Canadian universities.” McMaster, Rowland. “Why Read?” English Studies in Canada 39, nos. 2–3 (June–September 2013): 43–61. “Though man’s capacity for imaginative design is as much a part of his everyday life as it is of literature, literature gives us a splendid laboratory for studying the interrelationship. As Frye says in his excellent little book The Educated Imagination, ‘imagination is what our whole social life is really based on,’ and, he continues, ‘The fundamental job of the imagination in ordinary life . . . is to produce, out of the society we have to live in, a vision of the society we want to live in.” Macneil, William P. “His Dark Legalities: Intellectual Property’s Psychomachia in Philip Pullman’s ‘His Dark Materials’ Trilogy.” Liverpool Law Review 38, no. 1 (April 2017): 11–31. Regarding the Protestant tradition in English letters, locates Frye’s general opposition to High Church Anglicanism and his support of the dissenting Low Church tradition of Blake, Milton, and the Romantic poets. McNeill, Douglas. “British Fictions after Devolution: William Boyd’s Culinary Arts.” International Social Science Journal 42 (2017): 86–98. “This is one part canny business sense—‘writers recycle avidly,’ Boyd tells us; ‘nothing is lost,’ and one part thematic musing, a reminder of the centrality of play and mischief in the experience of art, those elements the Canadian critic Northrop Frye celebrated as drawing from the traditions

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

of the riddle, ‘cyphers, acrostics, rebuses, concrete and shape poetry.’” McNulty, Eugene. “Partition’s Fantastical Progress: Gerald MacNamara’s No Surrender! and the Performance of Northern Irish Satire.” Irish Review 40–1 (Winter 2009): 127–40. MacNamara’s No Surrender! “very definitely displays something of Northrop Frye’s sense of satire as ‘militant irony’; the ‘object of attack’ (as Frye puts it) was in this case a form of meta-target? What MacNamara attacks are the various political processes and results that had made attack necessary. It is in this sense that we can read satire as the perfect vehicle for nationalist dissent.” McPeek, James A.S. “The Psyche Myth and A Midsummer Night’s Dream.” Shakespeare Quarterly 23, no. 1 (Winter 1972): 69–79. Argues that the fundamental patterns of the main stories in Apuleius’s Psyche myth and A Midsummer Night’s Dream appear curiously similar, and so Shakespeare’s practice here strikingly illustrates what Frye calls “displaced myth.” McPherson, Hugo. Hawthorne as Myth-Maker. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1969. “The private nonrational pattern, the personal myth of an artist ‘is in fact . . . the source of the coherence of his argument.’ (Northrop Frye) The critic must recognize that myth, or fail to understand fully the artist’s statement and method. This is the basic premise of Mr. McPherson’s study.” Macpherson, Jay. “Educated Doodle: Some Notes on One-Man Masque.” Essays on Canadian Writing 24–5 (Winter–Spring 1982–3): 65–99. Rpt. in Approaches to the Work of James Reaney, ed. Stan Dragland. Downsview, ON: ECW Press, 1983. 65–99. Shows how Reaney’s Masque imaginatively exploits the grammars of poetic myth in Fearful Symmetry and Anatomy of Criticism, especially the principles of the romance narrative pattern. Also illustrates Frye’s influence on Reaney’s staging and his cast of characters. McQueen, Marian. “Ernst Jünger’s Auf den Marmorklippen and Northrop Frye’s Theory of Romance.” Carleton Germanic Papers 6 (1978): 37–56. Argues that Jünger’s work conforms to Frye’s view of romance, particularly to the description of the plot structure and imagery of romance Frye gives in Anatomy of Criticism. Distinguishes between Frye’s different uses of romance (as mode, as mythos, and as genre) and applies these to Jünger’s short “novel,” a book that Frye himself reviewed in Canadian Forum in 1948. MacRae, Ian. “Rewiring the Great Code: Literature and the Bible in Foundational Fictions of the Americas.” Paper presented at Educating the Imagination: A Conference in Honour of Northrop Frye on the Centenary of His Birth. University of Toronto, 4–6 October 2013.

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Macrury, Iain. “Humour as ‘Social Dreaming’: Stand-up Comedy as Therapeutic Performance.” Psychoanalysis, Culture & Society, suppl. Special Issue: Media and the Inner World, New Perspectives 17, no. 2 (June 2012): 185–203. “On stage, in the performative oscillation of PS-D [paranoid-schizoid and depressive], we see the staged narrative transformation of ‘It’ to ‘I.’ In this regard, stand-up comedians enact a restorative cultural function, in anthropological terms, posited by Northrop Frye: ‘The theme of the comic is the integration of society, which usually takes the form of incorporating a central character into it.’ Contemporary stand-up comedians present this narrative, joke by joke and through their ‘sets.’ When successful, they enact a transformative journey from ‘thing’ to ‘person,’ from outside to inside, from ‘out-there’ to ‘here’ and from PS to D. Thus the stand-up enables and opens up a restorative cultural space that invites an ordinary, everyday but nevertheless potent and shared sense of integration and enjoyment.” M Ma, Jian. “Frye’s Integrated Conception of Cultural Criticism.” Journal of the Langfang Teachers College 2 (2004). In Chinese. Ma, Jian-ying, and Ho, Chi-kwan. “Grand Narrative: Frye’s Concept of Cultural Criticism and the Formation of Breadth: A Review of Northrop Frye’s Holistic Cultural Criticism.” Journal of Hainan University (Humanities & Social Sciences) 4 (2003). In Chinese. Ma, Keyun. “The Tragic Archetype of an American Everyman: Willy Loman in Death of a Salesman.” Journal of Sichuan International Studies University 2 (2005). In Chinese. Applies Frye’s mythologicalarchetypal approach to the interpretation of the tragic protagonist in Arthur Miller’s play. Ma, Xiaochao. “On the Archetype.” Studies of Literature and Art 2 (1987). In Chinese. Ma, Xinren, and Tao Wen. Just Here: An Essay on Canadian Literature. Beijing: Zhong guo wen lian chu ban gong si, 1991. Examines Canadian literature according to different aspects of human culture, its development and the problems it encounters, its uniqueness, and its relationship to the national psychology. In Chinese. Maa, Yan. “An Analysis of the Tragic Narrative Structure of Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, according to Frye’s Theory of the Mythos of Tragedy.” Journal of the Jiamusi Education Institute 9 (2012). In Chinese.

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Machiedo, Višnja. “Patafizički Faust” [Pataphysical Faustus]. Književna Republika, časopis za književnost 3 (2002) 4: 77–9. In Bosnian. In Anatomy of Criticism Northrop Frye finds that satire and irony are forms in which, in modern literature, traces of encyclopedism are recognized. But don’t these mocking forms endanger the encyclopedic project? That is why some persistent ambiguity follows the modern Faustian tendency from Goethe to Pound and Joyce. It is their irony that forces us, says Moretti, to take them seriously. Mackey, Louis. “Anatomical Curiosities: Northrop Frye’s Theory of Criticism.” Texas Studies in Language and Literature 23 (Fall 1981): 442–69. Analyses the extent to which Anatomy of Criticism is itself an “anatomy,” a form of prose fiction, and therefore a part of the conceptual universe that Frye’s book constructs. Takes Frye’s own definition of the anatomy, as well as a number of his critical principles, and uses these to argue that Frye’s work finally collapses the distinction between literature and criticism and thus becomes itself a kind of ironic fiction: it is “both truth-telling science and fictive artifice.” Concludes that Anatomy of Criticism, although “a failed redemption myth,” is nevertheless “a necessary failure”—necessary because there is no human solution to the problems inherent in language; and that the Anatomy holds out the possibility of an authentic experience of the problems of language. –  “Literary theory.” In Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, 2nd ed., gen. ed. Robert Audi. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1999. 505–6. Calls Frye the “most influential theorist” of the first half of the twentieth century. –  “Poetry, History, Truth, and Redemption.” In Literature and History, ed. Leonard Schulze and Walter Wetzels. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1983. 65–83. Examines the question of truth in history and poetry in the context of Frye’s work, among others’. Maintains that just as the writing of history follows the traditional modes of narrative emplotment (as Hayden White suggests, using Frye’s categories), so the path of philosophy can be similarly traced along the sequences of Frye’s historical modes. Madaki, Rebecca Kenseh. “The Romance of Vampires and Wolves, and Northrop Frye’s Hero of Romance: A Stretch on the Naïve Romance in Stephenie Meyer’s Twilight and New Moon.” IJELLH: International Journal of Language, Literature, and Humanities 2, no. 1 (April 2014): 144–61. http://ijellh.com/wp-content/ uploads/2014/04/The-Romance-of-Vampires-andWolves-and-Northrop-Frye%E2%80%99s-Hero-ofRomance-A-Stretch-on-the-Na%C3%AFve-Romance-

in-Stephenie-Meyer%E2%80%99s-Twilight-and-NewMoon-by-Rebecca-Kenseh-Madaki.pdf. –  “The Wandering Jew in Novels of Jane Austen: The Pursuit of an Organic Whole in Romanticism.” International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 3, no. 5 (September 2014): 104–11. Austen’s fictions may or may not set out to express the framework of imagery that projects the division of beings into four levels as enumerated by Northrop Frye in his essay “The Drunken Boat: The Revolutionary Element in Romanticism”; her works, like the Romanticism poets are greatly influenced by this framework. This framework is found in the imagery of pre-Romanticism poetry and is the basis for the conflict between the Romanticism and the pre-Romanticism one despite their affiliation and similarities. Whereas Frye expounds the influence of this framework in the poetic garden of imagery in Romanticism, this essay attempts to expand the influence in the prose garden of Austen’s symbolic expressions. Madejski, Jerzy. “Apologia poetyki” [Apology for Poetry]. Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka 30 (2017): 367–84. In Polish. Says Anatomy of Criticism is a canonical critical text, like Eric Auerbach’s Mimesis, M.H. Abrams’s The Mirror and the Lamp, Edward Said’s Orientalism, and E.R. Curtius’s European Literature and the Latin Middle Ages. Madson, Arthur L. “Melville’s Comic Progression.” Wisconsin Studies in Contemporary Literature 1 (1964): 69–79. Maintains that Frye’s definition of comedy as the record of the hero’s incorporation into society and Frye’s division of comedy into six phases provide insights into Melville’s novels. Maeda, Masahiko. “The Development of Frye’s Literary Theory.” In Kyôyô no tame no sôzôryoku [The Educated Imagination]. Tokyo: Taiyosha, 1969. 153–80. In Japanese. Treats the influence of Blake on Frye, the context of his criticism, his practical criticism, and the powers and limitations of his work. –  “Furai to romanha bungaku kenkyū” [“Frye and Romantic Studies”]. Eigo Seinen/The Rising Generation 137 (1 July 1991): 176–7. In Japanese. Part of a special section of this journal devoted to Frye. See also the articles by Yamagata, Nakamura, Ebine, and Hirano. Magnet, Joseph. “On the Nature of Critical Reasoning.” College English 37 (April 1976): 733–47 [740–1]. Sees Frye’s criticism as leading to “a rigid separation of literature from all other forms of thought and action.” Says that Frye accomplishes this by two moves: he first establishes literature as autonomous, and he then selects,

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

in Arnoldian fashion and on the basis of “informed good taste,” works from the literary tradition that are personally meaningful. Claims that interpretation is thereby sacrificed. Magid, Shaul. Lurianic Kabbalah and Its Literary Form: Myth, Fiction, History. Prooftexts 29, no. 3 (Fall 2009): 362–97. In an examination of myth, considers Frye’s theory of modes, where the characters in the mythical mode are not human beings but gods. Magome, Kiyoko. “The Image of the String Quartet Lurking in The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter.” In Carson McCullers in the Twenty-First Century, ed. Alison Graham-Bertolini and Casey Kayser. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan/Springer, 2016. 97–111. Calls on Frye’s view of the poetic use of the four elements: in T.S. Eliot the four elements are not elements of nature but elements of imaginative experience. Malhberg, Michaela. Corpus Stylistics and Dickens’s Fiction. New York: Routledge, 2013. Calls attention to Frye’s study of the humours in Dickens—characters who are associated with the repetition of set phrases. Maier, Gonzalo. “‘Batman, go home’: Ironía, cómics y violencia política en batman en Chile, de Enrique Lihn” [‘Batman, go home’: Irony, Comics and Political Violence in Batman in Chile, by Enrique Lihn]. Chasqui 45, no. 2 (November 2016): 139–49. In Spanish. Calls on Frye’s conception of “militant irony.” Maillet, Gregory. “Revelation of the Word: ‘What’s at Stake’ in the Study of the Bible and English Literature.” In Transformations in Biblical Literary Traditions: Incarnation, Narrative, and Ethics: Essays in Honor of David Lyle Jeffrey, ed. D.H. Williams. Notre Dame, IN: Notre Dame University Press, 2014. 215–28. Argues that Jeffrey, when compared to Frye, is the superior linguist and exegete. Mailloux, Steven. “Hermeneutics, Deconstruction, Allegory.” In The Cambridge Companion to Allegory, ed. Rita Copeland and Peter T. Struck. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2010. 254–65. In the second half of the twentieth century deconstruction and hermeneutics contributed much to the rehabilitation of both allegory and allegoresis. Mailloux deals mostly with Heidegger and Frye, who stressed that allegory is a structural element in narrative. Mailman, Joshua B. “An Imagined Drama of Competitive Opposition in Carter’s Scrivo in Vento, With Notes on Narrative, Symmetry, Quantitative Flux and Heraclitus.” Music Analysis 28, nos. 2–3 (July–October 2009):

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373–422. Applies Frye’s four archetypal literary forms— romance, comedy, tragedy, irony—to Elliot Carter’s music. Maioli, Galilea. “La Torre Abolita: Una lettura di Invisible Man di Ralph Ellison” [The Abolita Tower: A Reading of Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison]. Il lettore di provincia 16 (1985): 60–6. In Italian. A brief, schematic essay that applies Frye’s theory of romance to Ellison’s novel. Maíz, Claudio. Demonios, profetas y mártires: Restos bíblicos en la ensayística hispanoamericana moderna [Demons, Prophets and Martyrs: Biblical Remains in Modern Spanish American Essays]. Santiago, Chile: Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez, 2013. In Spanish. On the influence of the Bible on the critical tradition of the Latin American essay. Maizo, Alexis. “The Function of Criticism as Viewed by Northrop Frye.” SCRIBD. N.d. https://www.scribd.com/ doc/79807396/The-Function-of-Criticism-as-Viewedby-Northrop-Frye. Majgaard, Klaus. “Moderate Bravery: Learning through Mundane Experiments and Storytelling.” In Developing Public Managers for a Changing World, ed. W. Raine. Critical Perspectives on International Public Sector Management, Volume 5. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2016. 205–29. This chapter “explores the engagement with paradoxes as a narrative praxis. From existing literature, it sums up an understanding of agency as a social process of mediating paradoxes in order to make action possible. Drawing on Northrop Frye’s theory of modes, the chapter explains this praxis as a narrative endeavour balancing the dynamics of tragedy (disintegration) and comedy (integration). Moderately brave acts are formed as a kind of low-mimetic synthesis—very much akin to comedy and realistic fiction. The narrative dynamics of low-mimetic synthesis are pursued in the case story of Christian, a Master of Public Administration (MPA) student from Copenhagen.” Majić, Ivan. “Big Brother—od simulacije prema suvremenom mitu (čitajući /gledajući dramu Hodnik Matjaža Zupančiča” [Big Brother—from Simulation Towards the Contemporary Myth— (Reading / Watching Matjaž Zupančič ́s Play Hodnik [The Corridor])]. Narodna umjetnost—Hrvatski časopis za etnologiju i folkloristiku 2 (2009): 147–59. In Romanian. According to Frye, because myths usually fall into the special category of serious, it is believed that they actually occurred, or that they are certain forms of life, such as ritual.

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Makaryk, Irena R., and Kathryn Prince. “Shakespeare and Canada: Remembrance of Ourselves.” In Shakespeare in Canada, ed. Makaryk and Prince. Ottawa, University of Ottawa Press, 2017. A number of essays in this collection comment on the state of Canadian scholarship on Shakespeare, including Frye’s (e.g., his green world thesis about the comedies; see especially pp. 5–7, 81, 168–9, 179, 181–9, 192–4). “Francophone and First Nations perspectives are now as central to Canadian Shakespeare as those of Northrop Frye, Marshall McLuhan, or Margaret Atwood, thanks in no small part to Daniel Fischlin’s monumental Canadian Adaptations of Shakespeare Project. . . . Given its political leadership in climate change and its embrace of ecocriticism as an academic approach to literature, Canada may continue to have a significant impact on global scholarship, resulting, perhaps, in renewed interest in Northrop Frye’s ‘green world.’ As Troni Grande suggests, Frye’s impact on Shakespeare Studies has been vast and enduring. Using Frye as a jumpingoff point, she analyses Canadian author and Nobel Prize-winner Alice Munro’s short story ‘Tricks,’ with its Stratford Festival setting and Shakespearean themes.” Makaryk, Irena R., and Kathryn Prince, eds. Encyclopedia of Contemporary Literary Theory: Approaches, Scholars, Terms. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1993. See the entry “Frye, Northrop.” Frye’s name appears in a number of the other entries, including “genre criticism,” “archetypal criticism,” “archetype,” “Jameson, Fredric,” “Jung, Carl,” “metacriticism,” “Bloom, Harold,” “closure/disclosure,” “myth,” “White, Hayden,” and “Wimsatt, William K.” Malachy, Thérèse. Molière: Les Métamorphoses du Carnaval. Paris: Nizet, 1987. 28–9. Sees in Molière’s plays a validation of Frye’s account of the structural principles of comedy. Maland, Chuck. “Telling Stories.” Literature/Film Quarterly 9, no. 1 (1981): 67–9. Review of Storytelling and Mythmaking: Images from Film and Literature, by Frank McConnell. Acknowledges a debt to Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism. Defends the archetypal approach to narrative analysis by arguing that it can help us understand “what may lie beyond or behind story itself, what elementary forms of hoping or desiring or needing may motivate the kinds of stories we make up to satisfy our hunger.” Like Frye, McConnell is interested in the universal myths that lead to story structures, as well as how those structures relate to fundamental human experience. Malisch, Sherrie. “In Praise of the Garrison Mentality: Why Fear and Retreat May Be Useful Responses in an

Era of Climate Change.” Studies in Canadian Literature/ Études en littérature canadienne 39, no. 1 (2014): 177–98. “This essay revisits one of the foundational settler texts of Canadian literature, Northrop Frye’s ‘Conclusion’ to the Literary History of Canada. It offers a controversial re-reading of Northrop Frye’s infamous ‘garrison mentality’ thesis from the perspective of contemporary eco-criticism, particularly in view of the global crisis of climate change. The essential ecological logic of Frye’s account is that human isolation from nature impedes humanity’s ‘fullest functioning as a species.’ However, the logic of the garrison thesis has been implicitly shared by critics who purport to oppose Frye’s approach; at base, both Frye and his critics assume that human-nature interconnection fosters human potential and creativity. Drawing on a number of prominent environmental biologists and ecocritics, the essay demonstrates that the garrison mentality, in which humans maintain a respectful distance from nature, may be the most ecologically sound response. This opens up a provocative question: ‘What if the most crucial role for literature . . . is not to fuel and thrive on the individual quest for creative fulfillment and self-understanding, but to harness itself to the task of bringing human aspirations, collectively, within limits?”’ (author’s abstract) Malkmus, Lizbeth. Arab and African Film Making. London: Zed Books, 1991. Relies heavily on Frye’s literary concepts in her account of Arab cinema. Maller, Cecily, and Yolanda Strengers. “Studying Social Practices and Global Practice Change Using Scrapbooks as a Cultural Probe.” Area 50, no. 1 (March 2018): 66–73. Maller and Strengers distinguish their use of the term “practice memory” from Frye’s. Mallick, Heather. “The King James Reads Like a Stones’ Song.” Toronto Star (22 January 2011). On the King James Version of the Bible, which was the version she used in Frye’s university course on the Bible. Maloney, S. Timothy. “Marshall McLuhan, Northrop Frye, and Glenn Gould: Three Canadian Legacies to the World of Ideas.” Australian Canadian Studies 19, no. 2 (2001): 49–79. Mambrol, Nasrullah. “Anthropological Criticism: An Essay.” Literary Criticism and Theory (22 June 2017). https://literariness.org/2017/06/22/ anthropological-criticism-an-essay/. –  “Myth Criticism of Northrop Frye.” Literary Criticism and Theory (21 March 2016). https://literariness. org/2016/03/21/myth-criticism-of-northrop-frye/.

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Mancewicz, Aneta, and Alexa Alice Joubin. “Introduction.” In Local and Global Myths in Shakespearean Performance, ed. Mancewicz and Joubin. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018. Calls on Frygeans to develop a conception of myth, which is based on Aristotle’s mythos, used throughout the other essays in the book. Mandel, Eli. Another Time. Erin, ON: Press Porcepic, 1977. 157–8. Traces the development of Frye’s literary and cultural criticism and relates it to the concerns of writing in Canada. Recognizes three different positions on Canadian writing in Frye’s work: nationalism, internationalism, and regionalism. –  Criticism: The Silent Speaking Words. Toronto: Canadian Broadcasting Corp., 1966. 8–9, 38–49. An explanation and expansion of many of Frye’s major postulates. Claims that no other critical theory “is as interesting, as comprehensive, as relevant, or as free from objection as Frye’s.” Devotes special attention to Frye’s ideas about education and culture; to his position on poetic language, literary convention, metaphor, myth, and the imagination; and to some of the logical and empirical objections to his critical views. –  “Double Vision.” In In Their Words: Interviews with Fourteen Canadian Writers. Toronto: Anansi, 1984. 106–23 [116–18]. In an interview with Bruce Meyer and Brian O’Riordan, comments on Frye’s relation to a group of Canadian mythopoeic writers. Says that Frye did not influence the movement but commented on it and gave it validity. –  “Introduction.” In Contexts of Canadian Criticism: A Collection of Critical Essays, ed. Eli Mandel. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1971. 3–25 [4, 7, 12, 17–20, 23]. Includes a number of remarks about the central role Frye has played in Canadian criticism. –  “Northrop Frye and the Canadian Literary Tradition.” In Centre and Labyrinth: Essays in Honour of Northrop Frye, ed. Eleanor Cook et al. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1983. 284–97. Examines Frye’s romantic reading of a Canadian literary tradition while at the same time looking at the problems this reading poses in defining a national literature. Frye’s writings on the Canadian tradition take “us through history and literature—wedding a Laurentian theory of Canadian history with a romantic myth of a descent to the interior, through cultural history—ranging across the folk-culture theories of nation to modernist internationalism.” Frye’s real contribution is “to have shown the precise points where local creation becomes

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part of the civilized discourse he speaks of as criticism and creativity.” –  “Strange Loops: Northrop Frye and Cultural Freudianism.” Canadian Journal of Political and Social Theory 5, no. 3 (1981): 33–43. On Frye’s thematic criticism. –  “Toward a Theory of Cultural Revolution: The Criticism of Northrop Frye.” Canadian Literature 1 (Summer 1959): 58–67. Argues that a fussiness over the technical details of Frye’s work has more often than not obscured the theme or informing principle of his criticism, which is the relationship of criticism to culture. Shows that Frye is a defender of the popular and an opponent of the provincial in both art and criticism. Observes a parallel between the concerns of Frye and Arnold, and discusses the central importance of Blake for Frye’s entire critical scheme. Frye shows “that criticism can supply the conceptual framework for a theory of culture.” Manganaro, Marc. “Northrop Frye: Ritual, Science, and ‘Literary Anthropology.’” Myth, Rhetoric, and the Voice of Authority: A Critique of Frazer, Eliot, Frye, and Campbell. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992. 111–50. On the relations between Frye’s criticism and the comparative method of anthropology. Argues that Frye’s view of the way science uses facts and theory is similar to Frazer’s. Frye’s authority derives from his “invoking what cannot be imagined: the perfect, ultimate originary unity of things.” The rhetoric Frye uses to map out his views of literature is found also in his social and educational theories: it reveals his commitment to structure, continuity, and essentialism, as well as his mystification of the “historically contingent” and ideology. Manganiello, Dominic. “Ad Fontes: The Vine and the Green Branch.” Religion & Literature 41, no. 2 (Summer 2009): 159–67. “The modern dream of seeing a secular scripture ‘forming a single integrated vision of the world, parallel to the Christian and biblical vision,’ as Northrop Frye expressed the idea, has tended to produce instead a Babel of stories without a coordinating narrative. The task of restoring cultural coherence requires a renewed commitment on the part of those engaged in interdisciplinary studies to rediscover a unique yet common story whose provenance as true Scripture accounts for its unlimited generating power.” Manguel, Alberto. The Blind Bookkeeper or Why Homer Must Be Blind. Fredericton, NB: Goose Lane Editions, 2004. “In 1943, Northrop Frye wrote a paper, left unfinished, on ‘the state of the world.’ His ideas of what to expect after the end of the war and the role that

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literature might play in a time of peace are the starting point for a meditation on the roles of writer and reader, and what kind of vision is required of them. Homer is the archetype of the writer who can see into the future through his knowledge of the past. But how has Homer been read throughout the centuries by generations caught up in the counter-point of war and peace? And, following Frye’s exploration, can Homer teach us to become better readers?” Mann, Barbara. “Portrait of the Artist as a Hebrew Writer.” Prooftexts 21, no. 2 (Spring 2001): 248. Review of Melekbet mabasbevet [Aesthetics and National Revival] by Avner Holtzman. “The book’s middle chapters are devoted to a preferred domain of ut pictura poesis studies—the ‘borrowing’ of a term or property traditionally associated with one artistic form, literature or painting, to discuss the other. Painting and poetry have historically been viewed as diametrically opposed— the art of time versus the art of space. In an earlier volume, Literature and the Visual Arts, Holtzman does a fine job of contextualizing the prodigious and diverse amount of Anglo-American scholarship produced in recent decades. The study cites many examples from Hebrew culture to illustrate the claims of critics and theoreticians such as Ulrich Weisstein, Northrop Frye, W.J.T. Mitchell, Wendy Steiner, and Erwin Panofsky.” Mann, Jatinder. “Introduction.” British Journal of Canadian Studies 31, no. 2 (2018): 129–31. “In her article, Mei-Chuen Wang reads landscape in Jane Urquhart’s Away both as a stratigraphy of memories and as a cultural medium that not only symbolises power relations but also works as an agent of power. Framing her interpretation in relation to the dehistoricizing impulse in Northrop Frye’s garrison mentality, Wang argues that Away refuses to participate in the colonialist operation of reducing the Canadian topography to terra nullius.” Manna, Anthony L., and Janet Hill. “The Application of Theory to American Children’s Literature.” Text 1 (November 2004). http://keimena.ece.uth.gr/main/t1/ arthra/tefxos1/manahill1.htm. One section devoted to the application of Frye’s theory. Manoliu, Marius Narcis. “Theme and Thematic Analysis.” International Journal of Communication Research 5, no. 1 (January–March 2015): 51–6. “It seems that for Wolfgang Kayser the theme is nothing else but the essence of a novel, of a play. That this is so can be easily seen if we think of the example given by Kayser concerning the theme of The Odyssey. The substance, the essence of this long story is nothing but Ulysses’ way back to Ithaka. All the episodes concerning the

difficulties he met with are just accessories, elements to clothe the skeleton of the story. Northrop Frye in his Anatomy of Criticism seems to have the same opinion on the concept of theme. ‘A theme is what is left when the reading process is over. And of course, what the reader generally remembers after having read the novel is only its essence. Any reader will tell you at any time what the book is about but, he will forget the names of the characters, the secondary episodes, in a word all that is meant to gravitate round the theme.’” Manopriya, Dr. M. “The Two Elements of Nature (Water and Fire) Used as a Symbol by Charles Dickens in Great Expectations.” Language in India 15, no. 5 (May 2015): 161–72. Begins with Frye’s definition of a symbol: “a symbol is any unit of any work of literature which can be isolated for critical attention. The meaning, the structure, the setting of the novel and the insight into the psyche of the characters involved can be apprehended by the exploration of the imagery. An image, a symbol or a cluster of images occurs in the artistic creation to give a suitable backdrop to the story. An image or a symbol can act as a monad, when it is taken out and treated as the archetype, in comparison with other similar images or symbols occurring in other literature.” Mansky, Joseph. “‘Variety’ and Republican Violence in Sidney’s Arcadia.” ELH 86, no. 3 (Fall 2019): 587–612. “On their way to Byzantium, a shipwreck—‘the normal means of transportation’ in Greek romance, as Northrop Frye aptly puts it—intervenes.” Mao, Xuan-guo. “Northrop Frye on Rhetorical Criticism.” Journal of Hunan University (Social Sciences), 1 (January 2014): 90–5. In Chinese. Mao, Yu. “The Displacement of Myth: Two Essays from an Archetypal Perspective on Folk Literature.” Journal of Henan 1 (1991). In Chinese. Marchand, Philip. Marshall McLuhan: The Medium and the Messenger. Toronto: Random House of Canada, 1989. 105–6. In the context of a discussion of McLuhan’s belief in a Masonic conspiracy, remarks that McLuhan “never abandoned his belief that his great rival in the English department at the University of Toronto, Northrop Frye, was a Mason at heart, if not in fact.” Comments on the strained relations between McLuhan and Frye, leading eventually to McLuhan’s requesting that a panellist on a forum devoted to Frye’s Anatomy read McLuhan’s response to the book as if it were the panellist’s own.

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

–  “McLuhan, Frye and the Falling Towers.” Toronto Star (30 April 2006). On the continuing influence of both critics outside of the academy. Marchese, Lorenzo. “Tragico e tragedia in Un Questione Privata” [Tragic and Tragedy in a Private Matter]. Italianistica: Revista di literature Italiana 42, no. 2 (May–August 2014): 103–12. In Italian. Marcus, George E. “Rhetoric and the Ethnographic Genre in Anthropological Research.” Current Anthropology 21, no. 4 (August 1980): 507. “Northrop Frye concluded his essay ‘Rhetorical Criticism: Theory of Genres’ with a discussion of rhetoric in non-literary prose and a claim that, although assertive, descriptive or factual writing attempts to eliminate its purely expressive and persuasive dimensions, it cannot hope to succeed. As he wrote, ‘Anything that makes a finite use of words will always be involved in all the technical problems of words, including rhetorical problems.’ I shall examine some implications of Frye’s claim for an understanding of the prose form that anthropology has evolved both to report the results of fieldwork and to develop theory— the ethnography.” Marcus, Laura. “Spasavanje subjekta” [Saving the Subject]. Polja 459 (2009): 55–80. In Croatian. Quotes the question Frye asks towards the end of Anatomy of Criticism: “Is it true that the verbal structures of psychology, anthropology, theology, history, law, and everything else built out of words have been informed or constructed by the same kind of myths and metaphors that we find, in their original hypothetical form, in literature?” Marcus, Sharon. “The Theater of Comparative Literature.” In A Companion to Comparative Literature. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, 2011. 136–54. “Up through the 1960s, synthesizers emphasized supranational literary terms such as form, structure, genre, themes, and motifs; beginning in the 1970s, synthesizing comparatists began to focus more on theories of representation and subjectivity. In both cases, the results were book-length studies that drew on texts written in multiple languages and historical periods but did not make strong claims about national differences, commonalities, or contacts: Erich Auerbach’s Mimesis, Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism, Ross Hamilton’s Accident: A Philosophical and Literary History, Adam Potkay’s The Story of Joy.” Margenot, John B., III. “Imaginería demoníaca en Luna de lobos y La Lluvia amarilla” [Demonic Imagery in Moon of Wolves and Yellow Rain]. Hispanic Journal 22, no. 2 (Fall 2001): 495–509. In Spanish. Follows Frye in this study of the demonic archetype.

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–  “Traversing the Intermezzo: Demonic Archetypes in Jesús Carrasco’s Intemperie.” Symposium: A Quarterly Journal in Modern Literatures 71, no. 4 (2017): 218–28. Highlights the ways in which demonic archetypes, as outlined by Frye and others, inform Carrasco’s narrative vision. Margolis, Joseph. “Critics and Literature.” British Journal of Aesthetics 11 (Autumn 1971): 370–84 [378–80]. A criticism of Frye’s analogy between the principles of taxonomy in biology and criticism. Claims Frye’s proposals for literary classification cannot be tested. Also comments on Frye’s theory of value and his aesthetic point of view, claiming that the former is naive and the latter not at all inductive or scientific. Mariani, Giorgio. “Northrop Frye and the Politics of the Bible.” In Lombardo, Ritratto, 135–43. Argues that Frye’s potentially radical reading of the Bible is finally not open-ended enough. It remains at the level of the “individual concerns of the transcendental subject” and so turns away from “the preoccupations of cultural, historical man in search of a human community.” Marienberg-Milikowsky, Itay. Review of “Is This Thy Voice?” Rhetoric and Dialogue in Solomon Ibn-Gabirol’s Liturgical Poems of Redemption [Piyyutei Ge’ulah], by Ariel Zinder. Hebrew Studies 55 (2014): 467–9. “Zinder gives us sensitive, unhurried, and patient readings of fifteen poems, examining each and every letter with the caution expected of a student of the philologicalhistorical school of pre-modem Hebrew literary studies. Yet this is not a work concerned with textual variants but rather a profound and broad theoretical project expertly navigating between J.L. Austin, Paul Ricoeur, Mikhail Bakhtin, Northrop Frye, Jacques Derrida, and even Haviva Pedaya, names that have not yet found a firm footing in the field of medieval poetry.” Maries, Simona. “La démystification des mythes dans l’imaginaire postmoderne” [The Demystification of Myths in the Postmodern Imaginary]. Caietele Echinox 17 (2009): 189–98. In French. This “study brings to the foreground critical visions upon the postmodern imaginary brought by personalities such as Liviu Petrescu, Northrop Frye, Ihab Hassan, Lyotard, Baudrillard, Jacques Derrida, writers in whose opinion postmodernism is a synonym for decentralization, deconstruction, fragmentarism, and on the other hand, by writers like U. Eco, G. Vattimo, G. Durand, John Barth, who consider that demystification is a new postmodern myth. The focus of this paper is also directed towards the phenomenon of mythical insertion in postmodern texts and towards the ‘superman table’

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typology, bringing into discussion the Norse mythology from Harry Potter and The Lord of the Rings.” Marino, Adrian. Introducere în critica literară. Bucharest: Editura Tineretului, 1968. In Romanian. Frye is included in an account of the world’s important critics. Markefka, Guntbert. Dallas: Literarisch-archetypische Muster einer Fernsehserie. Aachen: Shaker Verlag, 1997. In German. A study of the popular television program— Dallas—using Frye’s circle of mythoi. Markos, Louis. “From Plato to Postmodernism: Understanding the Essence of Literature and the Role of the Author” [sound recording]. Springfield, VA: Teaching Co., [1999]. Lecture 20 is “Archetypal Theory, Saint Paul to Northrop Frye.” Focuses on Frye’s resurrecting the typological method of reading. Marks, Michael K. “The Role of Metaphors in International Relations Theory.” Revisiting Metaphors in International Relations Theory. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018. Marler, Robert. “From Tale to Short Story: The Emergence of a New Genre in the 1850’s.” American Literature 46 (May 1974): 154–7. Uses Frye’s distinction between the tale (stylized figures that expand into psychological archetypes) and the short story (in which characters wear their personal or social masks). Marling, William. “The Parable of the Prodigal Son: An Economic Reading.” Style 26, no. 3 (1992): 419–36. “The Parable of the Prodigal Son, told by Jesus in the book of Luke, has inspired much art, but interpretations of it have been conventionally pious. Recent biblical scholarship and narratological analysis suggest that the elder brother is at least as important to the underlying narrative as the prodigal son.” Looks especially at Dan O. Via’s interpretation of the parable, which is based on Frye’s theory of modes, myths, and the theme of the elder brother. Marnieri, Maria Teresa. “Castles, Forests, and Literary Syncretism: An Analysis of Horace Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto.” Revista de Lenguas Modernas 28 (2018): 43–58. “In Art of Darkness, Anne Williams shows how twentieth-century eminent critics such as F.R. Leavis, Wayne Booth and Ian Watt, who exalted the realistic tradition of fiction, definitely excluded Gothic authors from their critical analyses. The Italian scholar Elio Chinol compiled various anthologies of English literature, which provided minimal elucidations about the Gothic. It was necessary to wait for Northrop Frye, Montague Summers, and Devendra

Varma to obtain a revaluation of the genre, defined as Romance.” –  “Prospero’s Magic and the Role of the Four Elements: A Reading of The Tempest.” Revista de Lenguas Modernas 18 (January–June 2013): 13–44. “The generally accepted idea of harmony in the play is epitomized by Stanley Wells’ claim in his essay ‘Shakespeare and Romance’ where he explains that ‘an air of deliberate unreality pervades the play; the story works towards reunion, reconciliation, and the happy conclusion of the love affair.’ Many critical opinions see the play as a Pythagorean example of harmoniousness interspersed with celestial music, without taking into consideration the multiple problematic situations that the story presents. According to Northrop Frye all destructive elements are erased by music: ‘The Tempest symbolizes the destructive elements in the order of nature, and music the permanent constructive elements in it.’” Marrapodi, Michele. “The Phoenix and the Turtle e la critica.” The Blue Guitar 5–6 (1982–3): 249–77. In Italian. Surveys the twentieth-century criticism of Shakespeare’s poem. Concludes that the poem, like Hamlet, takes on an anagogic quality in Frye’s sense of the term. Marre, Katy. “Paired Repetition as a Formulaic Element in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. The Comparatist 39 (October 2015): 208–26. “Using Northrop Frye’s well-known definition of theme in narrative—according to which ‘narrative in literature may also be seen as theme, and theme is narrative, but narrative seen as simultaneous unity’—we see that Stephen’s [Joyce’s Stephen Daedalus] memories of earlier experiences form a pattern of paired repetition which functions as theme. The stylistic similarity between paired repetition in Portrait and repetition in formulaic elements in Homer, with which Joyce was familiar from his reading of Homer, is notable.” Marroni, Francesco. “Frye, Shakespeare e ‘la parola magica.’” In Lombardo, Ritratto, 205–16. On the bipartite and tripartite structure that Frye finds, respectively, in Measure for Measure and Hamlet, and on the three canonical phases that he discovers in all of Shakespeare’s comedies. Marrone, Gaetana. “Milan, the Cine City of 1968: Metamorphosis and Identity.” In Architectures of Revolt: The Cinematic City Circa 1968, ed. Mark Shiel. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2018. 66–90. Notes Frye’s remark that in a tragic story repetition leads logically to catastrophe.

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Marsh, Charles. “Deeper Than the Fictional Model: Structural Origins of Literary Journalism in Greek Tragedy and Aristotle’s Poetics.” Journalism Studies (8 January 2010). Abstract at: http://www.informaworld. com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a918441407. Uses Frye’s theory of displacement to demonstrate that the narrative structure of literary journalism originated not simply in fiction but also in Greek drama. –  “Fictional Model.” Journalism Studies 11, no. 3 (June 2010): 295–310. “The critical perception that literary journalism owes the concept of plot to prose fiction has nurtured enduring allegations of generic inferiority. This study proposes an earlier provenance, tracing the structure of literary journalism to Greek tragic drama. In ancient Greece, the adaptation of mythology-as-history from oral tradition to drama necessitated structural changes, a process called ‘displacement’ by Northrop Frye. The first critic of mythology’s displacement into drama was Aristotle, who identified eight essential conventions of plot. This study documents the inherency of those eight conventions within modern nonfiction narratives and concludes that, far from being derivative and inferior, literary journalism returns to the origins of literature by displacing fact into art. Like the first literary myths, therefore, modern nonfiction narratives may be revelations of important cultural standards and beliefs.” Marshall, Adam Bryant. “Sir Lancelot at the Chapel Perelus.” Arthuriana 25, no. 3 (2015): 33–48. “Malory himself seems drawn toward the topographical remnants of early medieval antiquity as a setting befitting a tale whose goal remains the same of his after-comers: ‘to chill the spine and curdle the blood.’ Indeed, such an association between the dimness of the past with the darkness of the supernatural and occult may have been what led Northrop Frye to conclude that ‘There has never . . . been any period of Gothic English literature, but the list of Gothic revivalists stretches completely across its entire history, from the Beowulf poet to writers of our own day.’ If Frye’s observation is correct, then, while calling the Chapel Perelus episode’s style ‘gothic’ is an anachronism of a sort, it is one that every critic of ‘gothic’ fiction since the genre’s formal inception has found helpful for describing the terrors of antiquity as they are invoked by writers throughout English literary history.” Marshall, Tom. Harsh and Lovely Land: The Major Canadian Poets and the Making of a Canadian Tradition. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1979. 112–14. Comments briefly on Frye’s

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influence on the poetry of James Reaney and Jay Macpherson. Martel, Yann. “What Is Stephen Harper Reading? The Educated Imagination, by Northrop Frye.” http://www. whatisstephenharperreading.ca/2008/01/07/booknumber-20-the-educated-imagination-by-northropfrye/. French version: http://www.quelitstephenharper. ca/2008/01/07/livre-numero-20-pouvoirs-delimagination-de-northrop-frye/. For as long as Stephen Harper was prime minister of Canada, Martel sent him a book every two weeks—a “book that has been known to expand stillness.” This essay accompanied the twentieth book Martel mailed to the prime minister. See also Martel, Yann. “Frye Sparks the Imagination.” Ottawa Citizen [Ottawa, ON] (7 January 2008): D1. Martens, Peter W. “Revisiting the Allegory/Typology Distinction: The Case of Origen.” Journal of Early Christian Studies 6, no. 3 (Fall 2008): 283–317. In examining the work of F.M. Young on allegory, the authors say that Young distinguishes between typology and allegory: typology insists there is a deeper meaning in the text taken as a coherent whole; allegory uses words as symbols that destroy the narrative coherence of the text. Martin, Camile. “Robert Zend: Poet without Borders.” Rogue Embryo, a blog by Martin “about poetry, collage, photography, whatnot” (4 May 2016). https://rogueembryo.com/. Refers throughout to the relationship between Frye and Zend. Martin, Ged. “Two Invocations of the Canadian Identity: Arthur Lower, Northrop Frye and the Invisible French.” Ged Martin blog. https://www.gedmartin.net/ martinalia-mainmenu-3/308-two-invocations-of-thecanadian-identity-arthur-lower-northrop-frye-and-theinvisible-french. “English Canada has been home to few recognised intellectuals. Two of the most influential in the mid-twentieth century were the historian Arthur Lower, who disguised his theorising by projecting a persona based on robust common-sense, and Northrop Frye, who operated at the other extreme of oracular omniscience. Both engaged in fantastical invocations of the national psyche, Lower distorting the French Canadian identity, Frye ignoring it altogether. This essay briefly documents how the two academics attempted, separately, to theorise Canada without taking account of the identity and orientation of its French populations. It also notes that their definitions of Canada contained undeveloped hints of geographical determinism: the country was defined in some way by its landscape, but how this had impacted upon and shaped Canadians was not explored.”

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Martin, Harold C. “A College President Speaks Out.” ADE Bulletin 15 (October 1967): 18–22. “For the student who has no intention of becoming an English major, such authors as Norman Brown and Hannah Arendt come closer to representing what a department might give than does I.A. Richards or Northrop Frye.” Martin, Reinhold. “History after History.” AA Files 58 (2009): 14–16. Around the same time as these “architectural historians [Kaufman, Rowe, Banham, Tafuri] were rewriting modernism’s narratives, historiographers were, in effect, relativising the writing of history by analysing its products as rhetorical constructions. For example, in the early 1970s Hayden White notoriously classified the basic narrative types used by nineteenth-century historians into four ‘modes of emplotment,’ evaluating each for its rhetorical effect. Extended with certain qualifications into the twentieth century, this typology, which White borrowed from the literary critic Northrop Frye, helps shed some light on the historiography of modern architecture.” Martin, Timothy. “Illuminating the Landscape of Religious Narrative: Morality, Dramatization, and Verticality.” Religious Education 104, no. 4 (2009): 393–405. In developing a framework for the analysis of the “religiousness” of narrative, draws on the work of Frye and three other theorists. Martin, Tom. “Comedy and the Infinite Finite.” University of Dayton Review 8 (Winter 1971): 15–23 [19–20]. Summarizes Frye’s view of comedy and compares it with the comic theories of Fr. William Lynch, Nathan Scott, and Peter Berger. Martin, Wallace. Recent Theories of Narrative. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1986. 21–6, 31–42. Reviews Frye’s contribution to (1) theories of narrative (the Anatomy contains “the first noteworthy challenge” to the critical tradition of the early twentieth century, which opposed form to content and subjectivity to objectivity) and (2) kinds of narrative (his taxonomy of modes in the First Essay of the Anatomy and his analysis of prose fiction in the fourth). Considers the ways Robert Scholes and Robert Kellogg expanded upon Frye’s theories. Martínez-Zalce, Graciela. “Productos audiovisuales anglocanadienses: La paradoja de la integración” [Anglo-Canadian Audiovisual Products: The Paradox of Integration]. In Historia comparada de las Américas: Perspectivas de la integración cultural. Mexico City: Universidad nacional autónoma de méxico, Centro de investigaciones sobre américa latina y el caribe, 2016. 159–86. In Spanish. Frye pointed out that Canadian

production allows us to see what stimuli the Canadian imagination has reacted to, which speaks to us in a unique way about that specific environment. Martins, Andrey Felipe, and Maria Reta Drummond Viana. “‘So Were I Equalled in Renown’: Autobiographical Elements and the Epic Poet’s Career in Milton.” Ilha Desterro 72, no.1 (January–April 2019). http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_ arttext&pid=S2175-80262019000100071&lng=en &nrm=iso/. The authors draw on Frye’s study of the pastoral elegy, “Literature as Context: Milton’s Lycidas,” to reinforce their argument about Milton’s autobiographical confessional poetry. Martins, Heitor. “A anatomia de Serafim Ponte Grande” [Anatomy of Serafim Ponte Grande]. Supplemento Literário do Estado de São Paulo (15 February 1969); and “A pista inexistente de Serafim Ponte Grande” [The Nonexistent Track of Serafim Ponte Grande] (ibid, 26 April 1969). Sees Oswald de Andrae’s work as a Menippean satire in Frye’s sense, rather than as a novel, but goes on to criticize the work as lacking a central aesthetic aim. Martiny, Erik, ed. A Companion to Poetic Genre. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, 2011. As one might expect in a book on genre, there are more than a halfdozen references to Frye on katabasis, doggerel, fictional modes, satire, etc. See index. Marudanayagam, P. “The Quest for Myth: Frye and Fiedler as Literary Critics.” In Aithal, The Importance of Northrop Frye, 40–50. Notes the distinctive quality of Frye’s myth criticism. Marx, Bill. “Fuse Cultural Commentary—Northrop Frye at 100.” Fuse (14 July 2012). “Northrop Frye, inspired by the poet William Blake, demands that the critic take part in a ‘mental fight,’ articulating the liberating value of literature as a source of imaginative energy that generates possibilities.” Marx, Steven. “Northrop Frye’s Bible.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 62 (Spring 1994): 163– 72. On Words with Power. Also at http://cla.calpoly. edu/~SMARX/Publications/fryebible.pdf. –  Review of Shakespeare, the Bible, and the Form of the Book: Contested Scriptures, ed. Travis de Cook and Alan Galey. Religion & Literature 44, no. 2 (Summer 2012): 221–4. “Edward Pechter’s essay, ‘Shakespeare and the Bible: Against Textual Materialism,’ counters the perspectives of most of the contributors to this volume. He contrasts their materialistic, analytical, deconstructive approaches with the ‘recuperative’

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

efforts of critics like Johann Gottfried Herder, Matthew Arnold and Northrop Frye, all of whom accorded both the Bible and Shakespeare the status of ‘Scripture’ based on aesthetic value and secular significance which could be illuminated by insightful empathic literary criticism. Citing the example of Stephen Greenblatt, who championed the rejection of such recuperative work thirty years ago but has recently returned to it, Pechter asserts that this book’s mission has already run its course.” Mason, Paul. “Portraits of Archetypes: Joyce, Campbell’s Dark Glass, and a Tourney of Critiques.” Human Culture Research 8 (December 2007): 207–14. “Archetypal criticism has fallen out of fashion, perhaps because of its association with the highly structuralist approach of Northrop Frye. However it does have something to offer the critic. In this paper, James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man is explored from the perspective of myth, and this approach compared and contrasted with critiques of writers employing other approaches.” (from author’s abstract) Mason, Paul. “An Exercise in Artistic Understanding.” Studies in Art Education 23, no. 2 (1982): 27–35. Adopts the approach of Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism and Ricoeur’s interpretation theory to the problem of understanding the religious paintings of Norman Adams. Masselli, Joseph. “The Most Notorious Geck and Gull That Ever Invention Played On.” Arthur Miller Journal 7, nos. 1–2 (Fall 2012): 112–20. “The human psyche can be taken prisoner by religion or politics. When a writer responds to such a threat to freedom of expression, his work is forged by the historical and social contexts in which it takes place. The reader or theater audience’s response to the work is forged by the same environment [historical and social], as is the writer’s choice of venue—comic or tragic. The comic predicaments suffered by Malvolio and other characters in Twelfth Night, however, appear misplaced in the ‘free society’ Northrop Frye finds in New Comedy. For all of its ‘green world’ characteristics, Illyria, like the real world, punishes those who don’t fit in. Sir Andrew Aguecheek’s stupidity is as damning as Malvolio’s Puritanism. Sir Toby takes Andrew’s money, enjoys watching him get pummeled by Sebastian, and publicly humiliates him before Viola’s unmasking. Orsino will marry Viola and Sebastian will marry Olivia, but the interaction between characters, as well as the fruitless attempt to make peace with Malvolio, alters the atmosphere of Twelfth Night. Shakespeare’s plot and dialogue provoke hearty laughter, but at the same time make the audience

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aware that the free spirits of Illyria can ironically act like the Puritan they target. Frye calls comedy ‘resurrected tragedy,’ but there is no resurrection.” Massolin, Philip A. Canadian Intellectuals, the Tory Tradition, and the Challenge of Modernity, 1939–1970. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2001. Refers to Frye throughout on such topics as the modern university, contemporary education, the “garrison mentality,” and the effects of technology on society. –  “Modernization and Reaction: Postwar Evolutions and the Critique of Higher Learning in English-Speaking Canada, 1945–1970.” Journal of Canadian Studies/Revue d’Études Canadiennes 36, no. 2 (Summer 2001): 130–63. Chronicles the postwar evolution of the university in English-speaking Canada, and analyses the reaction to these modernizing trends by Harold Innis, Donald Creighton, George Grant, Vincent Massey, Hilda Neatby and Northrop Frye. While most Canadians were vaguely supportive of or indifferent to modernization, these critics deplored modern tendencies as being destructive of what they perceived to be an age-old university tradition and as undermining the basic cultural values of Western civilization. Mastela, Olga. “Czas w Zimowej opowieści Williama Szekspira w oryginale I polskich przekładach: Wybrane aspekty” [Chosen Aspects of the Problem of Time in William Shakespeare’s The Winter’s Tale: The Original and the Polish Translations Compared]. In Szekspir na blogu. Łódź: Publishing House of the University of Lódzkiego, 2020. www.szekspir.na.blogu.pl. Notes Frye’s attention of the myth of Proserpine. In Polish. Masterson, Donald, and Edward O’Shea. “Code Breaking and Myth Making: The Ellis-Yeats Edition of Blake’s Works.” Yeats Annual, no. 3. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1985. 53–80. “There has been a great deal of critical interest in W.B. Yeats’s and Edwin Ellis’s three volume collaborative edition, The Works of William Blake, Poetic, Symbolic and Critical. . . . Focusing on its numerous textual errors, the editors’ doubtful emendations of Blake’s writings, and their penchant for arcane interpretations, one group of commentators tends to dismiss the Works as at best an interesting curiosity. Foremost among these is Northrop Frye.” Masud, Noreen. “‘Ach ja’: Stevie Smith’s Escheresque Metamorphoses.” Cambridge Quarterly 45, no. 3 (2016): 244–67. Notes Frye’s famous identification of comedy with (re-)integration into society. Matajc, Vanesa. “Communist Revolution and Daedalus’ Labyrinth: Confronting Two Concepts of Time, Confronting Two Types of Myth.” Interlitteraria 13

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(2008): 56–72. “The intersection of ‘historiae’ and ‘history’ can be represented as a ritual. Ritual is a performance of acts and statements in an immediate present. It activates and puts into shape the contents of a collective memory, i.e., it places the myth as its ‘spoken part’ in the present time of the community. As Frye says, ‘The myth is a central informing power that gives archetypal significance to the ritual and archetypal narrative to the oracle.’ Placing myth in the community’s present rituals is an implicit explanation of the mythical function, or of the myth itself, which proceeds in two possible ways: the myth can function either as an explanation of recurrent human fortune or as an explanation of the (historical) process of events that are ‘now’ concluded.” Matarese, Susan M. American Foreign Policy and the Utopian Imagination. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2001. 7–8. Matarese acknowledges debt to Frye’s “Varieties of Literary Utopias” in defining the utopian imagination. Matheson, Tom. “Frye, Northrop (1912–1991).” In Oxford Companion to Shakespeare. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2015. See also entry “Jungian Criticism.” Mathews, Larry. “Sacred Toys.” Antigonish Review 186: 27. Review of Slack Action, by Jeffery Donaldson. “If there’s a ‘central’ or ‘essential’ poem in this marvellous collection, it may well be the one titled ‘House of Cards,’ whose speaker begins by quoting Jacques Derrida on Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism: ‘that fine fragile cathedral’ is the French critic’s condescending judgment. In the ensuing stanzas Frye’s assertion of the ultimate power of the imagination is contrasted with Derrida’s implied position that ‘sooner or later, / literature’s whole top-heavy elaborate estate . . . / would come crashing down on itself. . . .’ Rather than decide between the two, the speaker switches focus to describe a “child at work on a house of cards,” one of Donaldson’s many many metaphorical explorations of the creation of poetry, or art generally.” Mathews, Richard. Fantasy: The Liberation of Imagination. New York: Routledge, 1997. Draws on Frye’s archetypal theory for his discussion of fantasy and mythology. Mathews, Robin. “Bush League, ‘Bush Garden.’” Last Post 2 (December–January 1971–2): 47–9. Attacks Frye for being a colonialist. Claims that Frye denies Canadian existence and cultural achievement, postulates “a phony garrison mentality and experience” in Canadian literature, and “‘vulgarizes the aspirations of the reasonable Quebecois separatists.”

–  Canadian Literature: Surrender or Revolution. Ed. Gail Dexter. Toronto: Steel Rail Educational Publishing, 1978. 119–20, 136–7, 170–1. A critique of Frye’s views on evaluation and on Canadian literature (“one of the worst—certainly one of the most arrogant—critics of Canadian literature”). Maintains that Frye’s cultural views “guarantee our quiet colonialism by promulgating a kind of anaemic resignation.” Mathis, Janelle. “The Contemporary Lives of Age-Old Tales: Characters, Contexts, and Critical Issues.” Libri & Liberi: Časopis za istraživanje dječje književnosti i kulture 1 (2019): 11–26. In Croatian. “Building on Jung’s notions of the collective unconsciousness, Northrop Frye is noted for his work with archetypes, a theory of literary criticism. Frye’s approach to archetype was within the role of structuralism although he acknowledged the imaginative nature of myth as a critical component. His focus was on the function of literary archetypes that according to Abrams ‘play an essential role in refashioning the material universe into an alternative verbal universe that is humanly intelligible and viable, because it is adapted to essential human needs and concerns.’” Mattis, Michael E. The ‘Great Code’ in Shakespeare’s Henriad (19 May 1984). 155 pp. Ft. Belvoir: Defense Technical Information Center, 1994. Abstract at http:// www.stormingmedia.us/90/9094/A909482.html. Tests Frye’s theories about the influence of Biblical imagery and narrative on Shakespeare’s “Henry” plays. Mattson, Dirk P. “Finding Your Way Home: Orphan Stories in Young Adult Literature.” ALAN Review 24, no. 3 (Spring 1997): 17–21. Applies Frye’s modes of literature to seven stages of the orphan’s quest for safety. Maude, Ulrika. Review of Later Derrida: Reading the Recent Work, by Herman Rapaport. Oxford Literary Review 25 (2003): 385–90. “Rapaport reminds us of Northrop Frye’s genre studies and his inclusion of literature into the realm of Gemeinschaft, which functions according to strict laws of ritual and repetition. From our present vantage point of Gesellschaft, this monolinguism is also (canonical) literature’s most alien and foreign characteristic. As Rapaport points out, ‘the reason that in some parts of the world English departments have been fleeing traditional notions of literature, as if they were the least interesting topics that one could study, is that traditional literature is fundamentally illiberal for all the reasons we can see in Frye’s Anatomy.’” Maus, Katherine Eisaman. “Roman Moral Psychology and Jonson’s Dramatic Forms.” In Ben Jonson and the

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Roman Frame of Mind. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985. “For much of his career, Jonson refuses to provide the kind of theater that the Elizabethan audience would have expected, and that Northrop Frye has taught modern readers to regard as quintessentially comic—plays in which young lovers overcome the arbitrary resistance of their parents and, aided by beneficent circumstances, unlikely conversions, and miraculous transformations, bring about the birth or regeneration of a happy community.” Mayer, Ewe. Der Mythos Als Zeugnis des Fremden: Mythostheorie und Englische Literatur Im Zeichen Mythologischer Alterität [Myth as a Testimony of the Alien: Myth Theory and English Literature in the Sign of Mythological Alterity]. Boston and Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2018. Notes Frye’s position that various genres of literature can be traced back to basic mythical patterns. Mazzeo, Joseph Anthony. Varieties of Interpretation. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1978. 87–8. Brief account of Frye’s concept of allegory, which Mazzeo finds has been adapted “to uses quite foreign to its origins.” Mead, Bryan. “Coercion in Thomas More’s Utopia and Charlie Chaplin’s Easy Street.” Americana: The Journal of American Popular Culture, 1900 to Present 15, no. 2 (Fall 2016). “As Lyman Sargent writes, utopias are ‘the archetype and harbinger of social change—good, bad, and indifferent.” These creatively imagined, more-perfect governments offer critiques of existing governments by instituting laws and practices that counter the perceived power-imbalances of their reallife counterparts. As Northrop Frye notes, the utopia, ‘in its typical form, contrasts, implicitly or explicitly, the writer’s own society with the more desirable one he describes.’ In doing so, utopic fictions challenge specific injustices by creating a world free of those specific injustices.” Mead, Rebecca. “Margaret Atwood: The Prophet of Dystopia.” New Yorker 93, no. 9 (17 April 2017): 38–47. Considers the influence that Frye had on Margaret Atwood, who as an undergraduate audited his celebrated course on the Bible and literature. “He is the person who talked me into going to grad school instead of moving to Paris, and living in a garret and drinking absinthe,” Atwood said in an interview. Medalie, David. “The Uses of Nostalgia.” English Studies in Africa, suppl. ‘Post-Transitional South African Literature in English 53, no. 1 (May 2010): 35–44. Draws on Frye’s views of utopia.

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Medhurst, Martin J. “Rhetorical Dimensions in Biblical Criticism: Beyond Style and Genre.” Quarterly Journal of Speech 77, no. 2 (May 1991): 214–27. On Frye’s typological reading of the Bible. Medovarski, Andrea. “Roughing It in Bermuda: Mary Prince, Susanna Strickland Moodie, Dionne Brand, and the Black Diaspora.” Canadian Literature 220 (Spring 2014): 94–114. “Northrop Frye famously argued that the most significant task facing Canadian cultural producers was to liberate themselves from the ‘garrison mentality’ of colonial days, claiming that the nation ‘is less perplexed by the question ‘Who am I?’ than by some such riddle as ‘Where is here?’ Margaret Atwood, a year later in Survival, similarly utilizes a language of exploration and wilderness that can be traced directly back to writers like Moodie, calling for ‘a map of the territory’ of CanLit. The questions Frye and Atwood raise about mapping and location might resonate very differently if they were examined not through Susanna Moodie but through Mary Prince, and through a diasporic framework rather than a strictly national one.” Mei, Xiaobing. “On Frye’s Archetypal Criticism.” Journal of Henan Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 6 (2000). In Chinese. Seeks to evaluate Frye’s theory by applying it to specific literary works. Meihuizen, Nicholas. “Yeats, Frye, and the Meaning of Saint and Poet.” Theoria: A Journal of Studies in the Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 67 (October 1986): 53– 60. Sees Frye’s commentary in Spiritus Mundi on Yeats’s A Vision as useful in understanding the meeting of Saint and Poet in Yeats’s work. Meijer, Maaike. “Same-Sex Intimacy in EighteenthCentury Occasional Poetry: Elizabeth Wolff-Bekker, ‘To Miss Agatha Deken’ (1777).” In Lyric Address in Dutch Literature, 1250–1800, ed. Cornelis van der Haven and Jürgen Pieters. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2018. Endorses Frye’s view, derived from John Stuart Mill, that in lyric poetry it is as if we overhear the speakers who have their back turned to us. Meindl, Dieter. “Frye, Herman Northrop.” In Harenbergs Lexikon der Weltliteratur, vol. 2. Dortmund: HarenbergLexikon-Verlag, 1989. 1024. Meletinsky, Eleazar M. The Poetics of Myth. New York: Routledge, 1998. 91–7. Calls on Frye’s narrative archetypes along with Hayden White’s. Examines Frye’s theory of myth, as well as the theories of Campbell, LéviStrauss, and other structuralists.

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–  Poetika Mifa. Moscow: Nauka, 1976. 120–1, 161. Criticizes Frye for differentiating literature from myth too simply, leading to “one-sidedness.” Mellard, James M. Doing Tropology: Analysis of Narrative Discourse. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1987. Uses Frye’s tropological modes to illustrate that Faulkner’s Absalom, Absalom! “rather precisely mimes the progress of understanding as it moves tropologically from metaphor to irony and in emplotments from romance to irony-satire.” –  “Monument or Scholarly Tool? Denham’s Northrop Frye: A Review Essay.” Analytical & Enumerative Bibliography 2, no. 3 (1988): 113–21. On Denham’s Northrop Frye: An Annotated Bibliography, about which Mellard has little positive to say. –  “The Sound and the Fury: Quentin Compson and Faulkner’s ‘Tragedy of Passion.’” Studies in the Novel 2 (1970): 61–75. Argues that Quentin Compson meets the requirements of Frye’s “tragedy of passion” archetype as described in Fools of Time. Melnic, Vlad. “The Contemporary Epic Mode: Digital Games and the Journey Motif.” Analele Universităţii Ovidius din Constanţa: Seria Filologie 2 (2018): 112–20. “Video game developers have begun to rely, in their work, on cultural and literary tropes as a means to create more meaningful experiences for each playthrough. In other words, instead of merely showcasing gameplay mechanics, video games are increasingly appreciated for their potential to engender personal stories for the users who engage with them. The journey motif is, perhaps, the most widely employed to this end. Its distinguishing, essential element is the quest itself; without it, there is no reason for the journey to take place. In order to define the quest, it is first necessary to address the overlap of construals of this notion by literary theorists and game studies scholars. For the first group, the quest is a journey framework wherein a hero goes through a road of trials to search for some kind of treasure or favourable outcome. The motif is so entral to the epic genre that it currently defines it beyond any other textual characteristics. For instance, both Georg Lukács and Northrop Frye understand the genre as a dynamic category. Instead of a typology, they suggest the existence of an epic mode, which is actually a way of looking at the epic hero from a relational perspective.” –  “The Remediation of the Epic in Digital Games: The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim.” American, British and Canadian Studies 30, no. 1 (June 2018): 153–70. “This paper examines whether certain computer games, most notably RPGs [role-playing game], can be thought of

as examples of the postmodern epic. Drawing on more recent critical frameworks of the epic, such as the ones proposed by Northrop Frye, Adeline Johns-Putra, Catherine Bates or John Miles Foley, the demonstration disembeds the most significant diachronic features of the epic from its two main media of reproduction, that of text and oral transmission, in order to test their fusion with the virtual environment of digital games. More specifically, I employ the concept of ‘epic mode’ in order to explain the relevance of The Elder Scrolls: Skyrim for the history of the epic typology, which must now be understood as transmedial.” Melton, Jeffrey. “Romancing the American Dream: The Coen Brothers’ Raising Arizona.” Studies in American Humor 3, no. 1 (2017): 1–21. “The importance of love within the genre does not subjugate comedy, however, because the overall construct fits within what Northrop Frye has described as the ‘Mythos of Spring.’ He writes, ‘comedy usually moves toward a happy ending, and the normal response of the audience is “this should be,” which sounds like a moral judgment. So it is, except that it is not moral in the restricted sense, but social. The narrative arc always expresses a social need, and the resolution demanded by romance and comedy is perfectly celebrated by romantic comedy in its purest sense: a happy ending.’” (author’s abstract) Mendelson, Michael. “George MacDonald’s Lilith and the Conventions of Ascent.” Studies in Scottish Literature 20 (1985): 197–218. Mendelson bases his interpretation of MacDonald’s work on Frye’s definition of the romance of ascent, developed in The Secular Scripture. Mendes, Maria Sequeira. “Teatro Praga’s Omission of Shakespeare—An Intercultural Space.” Multicultural Shakespeare: Translation, Appropriation and Performance 15, no. 1 (October 2017): 91–104. With reference to a speech of André E. Teodósio, who plays Prospero in a production by Teatro Praga, a Portuguese theatre company: “Teodósio’s speech also points to the word ‘tempestas,’ which makes explicit the obsession with time in Shakespeare’s play, first noted by Northrop Frye when he observes how ‘Few plays are so haunted by the passing of time as The Tempest: it has derived even its name from a word (tempestas) which means time as well as tempest.” Frye explains how ‘Timing was important to a magician,’ something those in the theatre know well, which in this case would mean that the repetition of storms in the play also points to the importance of time that, for Frye is ambiguous, because ‘When everyone is trying to make the most of his time, it seems strange that a melancholy elegy over the

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

dissolving of all things in time should be the emotional crux of the play.’” Mentz, Steve. “Wet Work for How We Write.” Blue Humanities Blog: Thalassology, Shakespeare, and Swimming. 2015. http://stevementz.com/wet-workfor-how-we-write/. “Writing like swimming requires a naked encounter with unimaginable seas. I started writing about the sea by way of Northrop Frye and James Cameron: an odd combination.” –  “Green Comedy: Shakespeare and Ecology.” In The Oxford Handbook of Shakespearean Comedy, ed. Heather Hirschfeld. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2018. “Brings the imperatives of contemporary ecocriticism to bear on the comedies in a methodological encounter with Frye’s model green comedy.” Argues that we need to consider more dynamic models of the relationship of humanity to nature than afforded by Frye’s static ecocritical thinking. Meo, Baldo. “La Fortuna di Frye in Italia” [Frye’s Fortune in Italy]. In Lombardo, Ritratto, 369–80. On the reasons for the delay among Italian readers in recognizing Frye’s contributions to literary study. –  “Le mappe dell’immaginaro” [Maps of the Imaginary]. MondOperaio 40 (June 1987): 100–3. –  “Un ‘modello’ per il Novecento: L’archetipo in Jung, Kerényi, e Frye” [A “Model” for the Twentieth Century: The Archetype in Jung, Kerényi, and Frye]. Il piccolo Hans 65 (Spring 1990): 190–219. –  “L’ultimo imperatore” [The Last Emperor]. L’astrolabio nuovo 4, no. 11 (8 March 1991). A review of Frye’s critical career. Merkl, Matthias. “Teaching Canadian Identity and Multiculturalism in Germany”/“Enseigner l’identité canadienne et le multiculturalisme en Allemagne.” LISA 3, no. 2 (2005): 246–73. Calls attention to Frye’s notion that Canadian poets can be defined by their relationship with nature, producing what Margaret Atwood calls a survival mentality. Merkley, Wyatt. ‘“The Multiplying Villainies of Nature’: Northrop Frye’s Green World and the Red World of the Shakespearean Tragedy.” 2018 Undergraduate Awards, University of Western Ontario. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/ undergradawards_2018/13. “If the literary green world of ecocriticism needs an update, so too does the idea of Shakespeare’s green world—the idyllic, pastoral, setting of escape and freedom from tyranny, established by literary scholar Northrop Frye in his 1948 essay ‘The Argument of Comedy’ and elaborated on in his Anatomy of Criticism. Frye’s green world was never

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fully conceptualized, and some scholars have attempted to update Frye’s green world idea, like Charles R. Forker, whose 1985 essay ‘The Green Underworld of Early Shakespearean Tragedy’ provides a well-needed application of the green world theory to several Shakespearean tragedies.” Merrett, Robert James. “Margaret Avison on Natural History: Ecological and Biblical Meditations.” Canadian Poetry 59 (Fall–Winter 2006): 95–110. Calls attention throughout to Frye’s judgments about Avison’s poetry. Merriam, Thomas. Review of A Will to Believe: Shakespeare and Religion, by David Scott Kastan. Notes and Queries 61, no. 3 (2014): 461–3. Merrill, Robert. “The Generic Approach in Recent Criticism of Shakespeare’s Comedies and Romances: A Review-Essay.” Texas Studies in Language and Literature 20 (Fall 1978): 474–87. Sees the development of the generic approach to Shakespearean comedy as beginning with Anatomy of Criticism and A Natural Perspective, books that “constitute a major departure from earlier Shakespearean criticism.” Maintains that what Shakespearean critics C.L. Barber, Robert G. Hunter, Peter G. Phialas, Larry Champion, Thomas McFarland, David Young, Ralph Berry, and Alexander Leggatt have in common is that they all respond to or clarify an aspect of Frye’s theory about comic form. This is especially true of Barber, whose Shakespeare’s Festive Comedy “documents Frye’s remarks about the sources of Shakespearean comedy.” Messer, Stanley B. “Applying the Visions of Reality to a Case of Brief Therapy.” Journal of Psychotherapy Integration 10, no. 1 (March 2000): 55–70. Applies a narrative typology called “visions of reality” to three major schools of therapy (psychoanalytic, behavioural, and humanistic), the typology drawing in part on Frye’s tragic, comic, romantic, and ironic narrative forms. See also Messer’s “A Critical Examination of Belief Structures in Integrative and Eclectic Psychotherapy,” in Handbook of Psychotherapy Integration, ed. John C. Norcross and M.R. Goldfried. New York: Basic Books, 1992. 130–65. Messer, Stanley B., and Robert L. Woolfolk. “Philosophical Issues in Psychotherapy.” Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 5 (1998): 251–63. Apply Frye’s four mythoi to the different orientations within psychotherapy—the psychoanalytic, the behavioural and the humanistic. Messina, Davide. “L’arco tragico del Principe: Machiavelli e l’intrigo poetico” [The Prince’s Tragic Bow: Machiavelli and Poetic Intrigue]. Italian Studies 71, no. 3 (2016): 287–310. In Italian.

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Mexica, C.T. “The Narcobildungsroman in Borderland Narratives.” Chasqui 47, no. 1 (May 2018): 331–47. “Beneath the surface of a realist novel, many classical bildungsromane actually follow what Northrop Frye refers to as the ‘romance’ archetype, a phase in the Western myth of the quest of the hero, where the formation of identity is forged through an adventure story and a series of tests, culminating in a crucial existential struggle. The tests can be categorized within three phases. The first phase consists of ‘preliminary minor adventures.’ The intermediate phase is the ‘crucial struggle,’ or existential crisis, in which the protagonist undergoes a near-death experience that leads toward his or her transformation and rebirth. The final phase in the romance archetype is the ‘exaltation of the hero,’ that is to say, his or her social recognition and acceptance for having been tested and proven themselves. According to Frye, the plot of the romance consists of ‘a sequence of minor adventures leading up to a major or climacteric adventure, usually announced from the beginning, the completion of which rounds off the story. We may call this major adventure, the element that gives literary form to the romance, the quest.’ If the classic bildungsroman tends to be structured through Frye’s ‘romance’ archetype, culminating in the self-realization, triumph, and social integration of the hero, then the twentieth-century bildungsroman, in contrast, and especially in colonial settings, depicts not the triumph, but the failure of the protagonist’s education—his or her thwarted development.” Meyer, Ben F. “A Tricky Business: Ascribing New Meaning to Old Texts.” Gregorianum 71, no. 4 (1990): 743–61. “There are two opposing ways to make a text understandable. The first finds in the words of the text the meaning that the author aimed at and that he was able to express verbatim (interpretation). The second, which from the beginning considers the text as partially indeterminate, consists in the act of giving it a definite meaning (ascription). Success has its conditions in both cases. The article focuses on ascription, offering some examples of success (S. Augustin, Bernard Lonergan) and bankruptcy (G.W.F. Hegel, Northrop Frye).” Meyer, Bruce. “A Note from the Editor: The Art of Prophecy.” Windsor Review 43, no. 1 (Spring 2010): 6–12. “The presence of prophecy in our literature is a sign that our imaginations are not only active, but alive and working with a kind of sophisticated logic that reads possibilities in things before there is any evidence that such possibilities exist. My teacher, Northrop Frye, used to say that if you want to understand the way a nation’s mind works, look at its poetry. And, if I may be so bold, I would like to make a prediction for Canadian writing.

I foresee the day when to be a visionary, to embrace the prophetic, to seek a place in the world around us in order and to understand what that place means in terms of what we can make of it (and how we can live long and well with it), is a prerequisite for any work in the realm of the imaginative.” Meyer, Jonas Ivo. “Northrop Fryes Konzept der Ironie.” Ironic Mode(s)—Die Verschiedenen Ebenen Der Ironie Im “Tristram Shandy.” Norderstedt, Germany: GRIN Verlag, 2006. 3–5. Meyer, Mark. “Northrop Frye on the Pursuit of Beauty.” Blog, by a photographer. https://www.photo-mark.com/ notes/northrop-frye-pursuit-beauty/. “While the pursuit of beauty may offer temptation to the ego, deliberate avoidance of beauty is simply the other side of the coin and does not offer an escape from this same temptation. In either case the artist is beholden to the same carefully restricted choices—just as a fence restricts movement regardless of which side you stand. Although Frye is writing on literature, I bring this up because the rift between those in pursuit of beauty and those eschewing it is strikingly similar to the distinction between what you might see in a high-end photography gallery and what you’ll find in the pages of a high-circulation photography magazine.” Meyer, Philip. “Stealing Stories from the Movies.” ABA Journal 100, no. 8 (August 2014): 30–1. “As literary theorist Northrop Frye put it, the core theme in melodrama is ‘the triumph of moral virtue over villainy and the consequent idealizing of the moral views assumed to be held by the audience.’ This is especially important in trial stories where, unlike a movie audience, the jury is being called upon to act and to write the final ending, thereby providing narrative closure to the story.” Meynell, Hugo. “The Great Code and the Christian Faith.” Lonergan’s Hermeneutics. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 1989. 49–74. –  “Northrop Frye’s Idea of a Science of Criticism.” British Journal of Aesthetics 21 (Spring 1981): 118–29. Argues, in opposition to F.H. Langman, that Frye’s conception of a science of criticism has merit. Examines in turn the problem of value judgments, the cultural significance of criticism, the limitations of mere scholarship and the history of taste, the nature and desirability of a science of criticism, and the need for autonomy in criticism. Concludes that Frye’s account of the middle three topics is essentially correct, that of the last is partly correct, and that of the first is radically incorrect but easily remediable.

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–  “Religion without Beliefs.” New Blackfriars 84, no. 992 (July 2007): 448–61. Gives a considered and detailed summary of Frye’s view of the Bible. Takes issue with his contention that in matters of religion the less we attend to matters of belief the better. Meyrick, Julian. “Trollied: Serves You (Just) Right.” The Conversation (14 June 2016). “For the comic protagonist, the literary critic Northrop Frye once observed, life is something you get through. While tragic characters die in plangent splendour, and Marvel superheroes vanquish tech-spangled foes, the comic protagonist weaves across existence like a drunk in ten-lane traffic. Armed only with the Power of Incompetence and teflonic emotional endurance, s/he faces up to the onslaught of the ordinary as things fall apart yet, miraculously, stick themselves back together again. We laugh and we nod. Yes, that’s it. Life’s a disaster but worth it, mostly. Comic protagonists are a comfort because they’re on our level. If they were better than us, they’d be in the Serious Drama section.” Mezei, Arpad. “Critique of Literary Criticism.” Onion [Toronto] 3 (August–September 1978): 12–13. Maintains that the kind of systematic analysis of literature Frye proposes in Anatomy of Criticism does “not exhaust the task of literary interpretation.” Mfune, Damazio. Review of J.M. Coetzee and the Idea of the Public Intellectual, ed. Jane Poyner. English in Africa 36, no. 1 (2009): 91–7. “Derek Attridge, in the chapter ‘Against Allegory: and the Question of Literary Reading,’ takes to task the tendency among some critics to cast Coetzee’s writing in a public light by reading it allegorically. . . . Attridge admits that all reading, by its nature, is inherently interpretive and that interpretation, as both Northrop Frye and Fredric Jameson contend, is an essentially allegorical act.” Micarelli, Maria. “La visione sociale di Frye.” In Lombardo, Ritratto, 341–47. On the myths of freedom and concern in Frye’s social vision. Michie, Elsie B. Review of Anthony Trollope’s Late Style: Victorian Liberalism and Literary Form, by Frederik Van Dam. Victorian Studies 61, no. 4 (Summer 2019): 710– 11. “Van Dam’s book seems modeled less on twentyfirst century readings of the political implications of the form and style of the novel, such as those of Amanda Anderson, David Wayne Thomas, and Goodlad, than on earlier (to use a term key to the central chapter of the book), classical readings of fiction and realism. I am thinking of the work of Erich Auerbach in Mimesis (1946) and his other books and essays or of Northrop Frye in Anatomy of Criticism (1957) and elsewhere.”

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Miftari, Vehbi. “Barleti: Kujtesa e rrëfyeme” [Barleti: The Story Told]. Seminari Ndërkombëtar për Gjuhën, Letërsinë dhe Kulturën Shqiptare 36 (2017): 371–86. In Albanian. Applies what Frye says about the birth and adventures of the Albanian hero to Marin Barleti’s History of Skandsenbeg. Miguel-Alfonso, Ricardo. “Mimesis and SelfConsciousness in Robert Coover’s The Universal Baseball Association.” Critique 37 (Winter 1996): 92– 107. Finds a correlation between Frye’s theory of modes and Coover’s novel. Mihăilă, Silviu. “Zoe Dumitrescu-bușulenga și relațiile identitare ale imaginarului religios în opera lui Mihai Eminescu.” [Zoe Dumitrescu-bușulenga and the Identitary Interferences of the Religious Imaginary in Mihai Eminescu’s Literary Work]. Incursiuni în imaginar 8 (2017): 211–31. In Romanian. Zoe Dumitrescu-Bușulenga considers Mihai Eminescu to be a religious poet not only because he wrote sacred poetry but also because his biography reinforces the idea. At the same time, Zoe Dumitrescu-Bușulenga circumscribes the religious imaginary of Mihai Eminescu’s literary work according to the triple nuance of the creative language that Frye develops in The Great Code. Mihalache, Andi. “Cunoaștere, memorie, istorie: Periplu istoriografic” [Knowledge, Memory, History: A Historiographical Periplus]. Anuarul Institutului de Istorie “A.D. Xenopo”—Iaşi Supl. (2015): 325–70. Reminds his Romanian readers that Frye’s theories of myth and archetype have been available in Romanian translation for almost fifty years. Mikauber [blogger’s name]. “The Forms of Northrop Frye” (25 October 2016). “For Frye, an author is not ‘actively shaping his material,’ but is instead ‘a place where a verbal structure is taking its own shape.’ An author records his or her experiences into established forms, their new expressions shaped by what has come before. With this theory in mind, it becomes easier to understand Frye’s treatment of Duncan Campbell Scott, a powerful bureaucrat in the Indian Affairs Bureau and author of romantic Canadian poetry. Frye writes about the tensions between the ‘primitive and the civilized’ in Scott’s poems, yet fails to mention his role in shaping policies that destroy the very indigenous cultures that he writes about. Frye does not give consideration to the realities of Scott’s role and the destructive policies he helped create.” Mikeladze, Natalya Eduardovna. “About the Common Man: Shakespeare as the Hero of Modern Drama. In Knowledge. Understanding. Skill (2018). https://

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cyberleninka.ru/article/n/o-shekspirovskom-proobrazecommonman-kak-geroya-sovremennoy-dramy. In Russian. Aims to reveal the Shakespearean prototype for the hero of modern drama is the common man as he was marked by the American playwright Arthur Miller in his essay “Tragedy and the Common Man” (1949). Says that some statements of the essay were developed in Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism. Miklas-Frankowski, Jan. “Góry Parnasu Czesława Miłosza jako próba gnostyckiej dystopii [Czesław Miłosz’s ‘The Hills of Parnassus’ as an Attempt at Gnostic Dystopia]. Estetyka i Krytyka 4 (2014): 29–48. In Polish. By analysing changes in utopian thinking that have taken place from the middle of the 19th century, Northrop Frye in “Varieties of Literary Utopias” distinguished the ordinary utopia, which is a projection of perfect world image, from utopian satire or parody, which has the same social objective with regard to overcoming the evils of slavery, tyranny, and anarchy. Milea, Doiniţa. “Discours culturel dominant/intertextualite ou distruction creatrice” [Dominant Cultural Discourse/ Intertextuality or Creating Destruction]. Comunicare Interculturală și Literatură 2 (2010): 101–6. In French. In the debate about postmodernism in the 1980s the degree to which “tradition” and “experience” in Frye’s sense are permitted to join the discussion. Milić, Nova. Antinomije kritike [Critical Antimonies]. Novi Sad: Matica srpska, 1982. In Croatian. Outlines Frye’s model of literary theory, along with those of Todorov, Milosevic, Booth, and Uspenski, and examines their internal contradictions. –  “Antinomije kritike” [Critical Antimonies]. Književnost 71 (March 1981): 565–77. In Croatian. Examines the historical development of literary criticism in the twentieth century, stressing its polarization into two fundamental schools of thought, the subjective or “internal” and the objective or “external.” Says that it was not until Frye had formulated his mythopoeic approach that transcending such dualism was made possible. Observes that Frye’s archetypal criticism is synthetic: it excludes nothing and includes everything. Its methodology allows the critic to investigate literature both as a whole and as a single work; it leads directly to the heart of the matter while retaining an open stance towards other methods. Maintains that Frye’s method is superior to other methods only insofar as it clearly reveals the uniqueness of literature as language, capable of “unifying diversity,” and as it acknowledges its own relative nature.

Milivojević-Mađarev, Marina. “Комедија као естетски одговор на друштвене изазове: Лари Томпсон, трагедија једне младости—пример српске постмодерне црне комедије” [Comedy as an Aesthetic Response to Social Challenges: Larry Thompson: A Tragedy of a Youth by Dušan Kovačević—an Example of the Serbian Postmodern Black Comedy]. Књижевна историја 167 (2019): 103–20. In Serbian. Questions Frye’s and Langer’s claim that comedy must have a happy ending. Miljković, Ivana. “Archetypal Motives in Serbian Folk Literature.” In Ezici na pametta v literaturnija tekst: Dokladi ot godišnata konferencija na ‘Slavjanski filologii,’ SU ‘Sv. Kliment Ochridski’ [Languages of the Mind in the Literary Text: Reports from the Annual Conference of ‘Slavic Philologies,’ SU ‘St. Kliment Ochridski’]. Faber, 2014. “Frye therefore calls archetype a typical image that connects one poem with the other and in that way he integrates it into our literature experience. More broadly, these symbols can go beyond the frames of poetry and spread across literature in general. In Serbian folk literature we can often find motives that Frye calls archetypal. I propose a comparison between these archetypal elements as they appear in Serbian oral folk poems and songs written down by Vuk Karadžić and European literary traditions from Ancient Greek to Medieval Periods. The purpose of this comparative analysis is to demonstrate identical archetypal and metaphorical features in the two literary traditions, and thus point to their possible origin in a common transcultural mythic pattern, or deep semantic structures inherent, according to critics such as Northrop Frye, or C. Lévi-Strauss, to the human mind itself.” Frye is cited throughout. Miller, Carl F. “‘Worth Melting For’: The Legacy of Difference and Desire in Hans Christian Andersen’s ‘The Snowman.’” International Research in Children’s Literature 10, no. 2 (November 2017): 162–77. Applies Frye’s theory of the four mythoi with their seasonal analogies to Andersen’s tale. Some fit; others do not. Miller, Carolyn R. “Genre as Social Action.” Quarterly Journal of Speech 60 (1984): 151–67. Glances at the ways that Frye’s theory of genres is similar to and different from the classification scheme of Karlyn Kohrs Campbell and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. Miller, Elise. “The Shirt of Nessus: Writers and Readers in Mary McCarthy’s Literary Criticism.” Lit: Literature Interpretation Theory 15, no. 1 (2004): 61–79. Notes McCarthy’s judgments about myth and archetypal readings of her work, which came into vogue as a result

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

of the popularity of the new anthropology. She became annoyed when her audience read too much into her work. Miller, Henry Knight. Henry Fielding’s Tom Jones and the Romance Tradition. Victoria: University of Victoria Press, 1976. Indebted to Frye’s views on romance. Miller, Jeff. “Elysium’s Lap.” Books in Canada 12, no. 5 (May 1983): 5–6. On the author’s experience of regularly encountering a “lunatic” during Frye’s literary symbolism course at Victoria College. Notes his reactions and Frye’s response to the questions of the “lunatic.” Miller, J. Hillis. “J. Hillis Miller” [interview with Miller]. In Salusinszky, Criticism in Society, 209–40 [238–40]. Believes that Salusinszky’s interviews, of which Miller’s is the final one, place too much emphasis on Frye’s importance in American criticism. “I like Frye as a practical critic, but the grand synthetic stuff, in the Anatomy of Criticism, is something I’ve never been able to read.” Says that he resisted Frye because he “needed to make space for something else.” Miller, Jeffrey. The Structures of Law and Literature: Duty, Justice, and Evil in the Cultural Imagination. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2013. Shows how law and literature spring from the same cultural impulses. Drawing on the archetypal criticism of Frye, the book takes a quasi-scientific approach to the subject, covering both law in literature and law as literature. Milne, Heather. “Post/National Feminist Poetics in Rachel Zolf’s Janey’s Arcadia, Jena Osman’s Corporate Relations, and Jen Benka’s A Box of Longing with Fifty Drawers.” In Poetry Matters. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2018. “Northrop Frye once argued that Canadian literature should be understood as a collective response to the question ‘Where is here.’ Canadian literature emerged in part out of a need to define Canada as a nation and has centered on questions of national identity, but as Smaro Kamboureli has argued, Canadian literary criticism has, in recent years, moved well beyond Frye’s question, ‘stopping the romancing of the nation and of CanLit as a statist institution’ and expanding its scope to consider ‘those relationships between literature and the body politic that have been rendered invisible or contained, and thus suppressed— notably, but not exclusively, indigeneity, racialization, gender and queerness.’” Milos, Žatkalik. “There Is Also a Story in Lutosławski: Narrative Archetypes in the First Movement of Witold Lutosławski’s Second Symphony.” Zbornik Radova Akademije Umetnosti 4 (2016): 94–109. “The [present]

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paper will investigate how the flow of events in this movement can be related to the system of mythos—the archetypal narrative categories—as were first defined by the Canadian literary critic Northrop Frye, and adjusted for musical narrative by Byron Almén. The system is based on the intersection of the two fundamental opposites: defeat/victory and order/disorder, resulting in four categories: comedy, romance, irony/satire and tragedy. No matter how paradoxical it may seem, it is the above mentioned entropy that can be considered as the initial order, and its disorder is achieved by attempts to establish directed movement. The ambivalence of archetypal categories and their interweaving is not uncommon in the narrative process. Therefore, the possibility of various interpretations of narrative trajectory will be discussed.” Milovanović, Aleksandra. “О ЖАНРУ: ОПШТИ ТЕОРИЈСКИ МОДЕЛИ ДЕФИНИСАЊА И ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИЈЕ ЖАНРА” [About Genre: General Тheoretical Мodels of Genre Definition and Interpretation]. Липар - часопис за књижевност, језик, уметност и културу 53 (2014): 145–55. In Serbian. Following Aristotle, Frye constructs a theory of literary modes based on the power of action the protagonist has. Milowicki, Edward J., and Robert Rawdon Wilson. “A Measure for Menippean Discourse: The Example of Shakespeare.” Poetics Today 23, no. 2 (Summer 2002): 291–326. Establishes a taxonomy of the motifs of Menippean discourse, recognizing and applying where profitable the generic analysis of Garry Sherbert (influenced by Northrop Frye), Mikhail Bakhtin’s cultural-historical view of Menippean texts, and the taxonomic work of Eugene Kirk, Joel C. Relihan, and W. Scott Blanchard. Minderovic, Zoran. “Ljubica Maric Biography.” https:// musicianguide.com/biographies/1608004097/LjubicaMaric.html. “In his Great Code: The Bible and Literature, Northrop Frye commented on a ‘certain impersonal element’ that is often discerned in the experience of great music. ‘What we hear,’ Frye observed, ‘is still “subjective,” in the sense that is obviously Bach or Mozart, and could not possibly be anyone else. At the same time there is a sense of listening to the voice of music itself. This, we feel, is the kind of thing music is all about, the kind of thing it exists to say. The work we hear is now coming to us from within its context, which is the totality of musical experience; and the authority of that total context reinforces the individual authority of the composer.’ This impersonal element can be clearly heard in the music of Ljubica Maric, particularly

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in her Monodia octoicha, a work for solo cello that she wrote for Ksenija Jankovic. Inspired by Johann Sebastian Bach’s magnificent Six Suites for Solo Cello, and incorporating echoes of Byzantine church modes, this work unleashes a power that may transcend the composer’s intentions.”

discover the same conventions and archetypes in literary texts.” (author’s abstract) Ming-Xia, He. “The Never Ending Myth: A Discussion of Archetypal Criticism.” Yulin Teachers College Journal 2 (2004). In Chinese.

Miner, Earl. “Problems and Possibilities of Literary History Today.” Clio: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Literature, History, and the Philosophy of History 2 (1973): 219–38. Maintains that literary history seems impossible to write today, primarily because no suitable full-scale replacement has been found for the discredited narrative model. Auerbach saw the problem earliest. His solution seems unavailable today, and the critical systems of Frye and the structuralists are either anti-historical or capable of theorizing about literary history without being able to write it.

Minnesota University. Minneapolis. Center for Curriculum Development in English. “The Modes and Functions of Discourse.” [Washington, D.C.]: Distributed by ERIC Clearinghouse, 1968. “The purpose of this 10th-grade unit on language is to pose, for students, basic and tentative questions about the rhetorical uses of language. Examples are provided which designate the modes of language: Daniel Fogarty’s story of rhetoric to show language which informs; materials from Northrop Frye to show language which inquires. . . .”

Miner, Marylou. “An Interview with Northrop Frye.” Northrop Frye Newsletter 4, no. 2 (Summer 1992): 8–13. Rpt. as “Stevens and the Value of Literature,” in Interviews, ed. O’Grady, 1067–73.

Mironescu, Andreea. “Konfiguration des kulturellen Gedächtnisses in postkommunistischen rumänischen Roman” [Configuration of the Cultural Memory in the Post-Communist Romanian Novel]. In Kulturelles Gedächtnis—Ästhetisches Erinnern: Literatur, Film und Kunst in Rumänien, ed. Michèle Mattusch. Berlin: Frank and Timme, 2018. In Romanian. Uses Frye’s typology of fictional modes.

Miner, Paul. “Blake: The Metaphors of Generation.” Notes and Queries 61, no. 1 (2014): 33–8. –  “Blake: Thoughts on Night Thoughts.” Notes and Queries 61, no. 1 (2014): 27–33. Ming Chen, John Z., and Yuhua Ji. “Jacques Derrida and Chuang Tzu: Some Analogies in Their Deconstructionist Discourse on Language and Truth.” Canadian-Daoist Poetics, Ethics, and Aesthetics: An Interdisciplinary and Cross-Cultural Study. Heidelberg: Springer, 2016. 125–36. “What Derrida does is repeat the cycle of deconstructing the centre and reinvoking it. In textual practice he falls back to Northrop Frye’s position. Frye assumes ‘there is a centre to the order of words,’ because ‘[unless] there is such a centre, there is nothing to prevent analogies supplied by convention and genre from being an endless series of free associations.’” Mininger, J.D. “Kirkegaard’s Influence on Literary Criticism.” In A Companion to Kierkegaard, ed. Jon Stewart. Oxford, UK: Blackwell’s, 2015. 341–51. Frye appropriates a Kierkegaardian idea far beyond Kierkegaard’s intention. “Frye poses Kierkegaardian repetition as a kind of typological rhetoric avant la letter, suggesting that his repetition explains well the relations and movements within his typological circle. Thus, at the broadest levels of Frye’s critical project of archetypal criticism, Kierkegaard’s concept of repetition provides Frye with a structural framework for explaining the manner in which literary critics (re-)

Mishra, Vijay. “The Gothic Sublime.” In A New Companion to the Gothic. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, 2012. 288–306. Blake in Frye’s foundational reading was among the first European idealists to link his own tradition of thought to the Bhagavadgita. –  “The Religious Sublime.” In Oxford Handbook of Religion and the Arts, ed. Frank Burch Brown. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2014. The work of late modern writers such as Northrop Frye, M.H. Abrams, Harold Bloom, Barbara Novak, and Jacques Derrida reinforces the fact that “momentary letting-go of the totalizing power of the mind” permits the sublime to come into being.” “Northrop Frye’s monumental study of Blake titled Fearful Symmetry appeared in 1947. It was pathbreaking [because] . . . it resisted a banal periodization that had hitherto slotted Blake into a ‘preRomantic’ period.” Miskolczy, Ambrus. “Jules Michelet, a próféta és a tanár” [Jules Michelet, Prophet and Teacher]. AETAS— Történettudományi folyóirat 1–2 (1999): 200–32. In Hungarian. Romanticism, according to Northrop Frye, offers a new mythology, one that reinterprets the images of heaven and hell, corresponding to the states of identity and alienation.

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Mitchell, Beverly. “Association and Allusion in The Double Hook.” Journal of Canadian Fiction 2, no. 1 (1973): 63– 9. Uses Frye’s theories of imagery, allusion, character, and displacement to help explain some of the elusive elements in this novel by Sheila Watson. Mitchell, Margaret. “Rhetorical and New Literary Criticism.” In Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies, ed. J.W. Rogerson and Judith M. Lieu. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2008. 615–33. “Another type of ‘literary-critical’ study of the Bible emerged in the 1970s and 1980s when biblical scholars reacted against what they regarded as the atomistic excesses of precisely those ‘literary’ procedures of form and source criticism, and when notable literary critics, such as Frank Kermode (1979), Robert Alter (1981), Northrop Frye (1982), and Meier Sternberg (1985) published works of biblical interpretation (including the compendium volume, Alter and Kermode 1987). The movement to understand the Bible as literature drew many to seek to read the ‘final form’ of the text as a single, unitary piece of literary art, and to see how it (in translation, as well as in the original language that was the focus of biblical scholarship) created a ‘story world’ which the reader could enter and understand ‘on its own terms.’” Mitchell, Philip Irving. Review of Scripture, Metaphysics, and Poetry: Austin Farrer’s “The Glass of Vision” with Critical Commentary, ed. Robert MacSwain. Christianity & Literature 64, no. 1 (2014): 136–9. Hans Hauge’s chapter is said to be in close proximity to Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism. Mitchell, W.J.T. Blake’s Composite Art: A Study of the Illuminated Poetry. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2019. “It has become superfluous to argue that Blake’s poems need to be read with their accompanying illustrations. Almost everyone would now agree with Northrop Frye’s remark that Blake perfected a ‘radical form of mixed art,’ a ‘composite art’ which must be read as a unity.” –  “Dangerous Blake.” Studies in Romanticism 21 (Fall 1982): 410–16. Sees Frye as the father of the third phase in the critical study of Blake, which has placed Blake firmly in the central tradition of English poetry and has demonstrated that his work is poetry rather than religion or prophecy. Believes, however, that the emerging fourth phase of Blake criticism will take issue with Frye’s claim that such things as madness and obscenity have no critical meaning when applied to Blake. –  “Marshall McLuhan Then and Now.” Journal of Visual Culture 13, no. 1 (2014): 88–90. “I met Marshall

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McLuhan when he came to speak at Johns Hopkins in the 1960s where I was a grad student in English. The reception was held before the lecture, and McLuhan drank a good deal of whiskey, which only had the effect of making him more eloquent. He titillated us with aperçus about the difference between fishnet stockings and nylons with the seam down the back, and their linkage to hot and cold media. He quoted Shakespeare and Blake and Henry Ford in the same breath. He annoyed the hell out of our professors (with the possible exception of J Hillis Miller, who seemed delighted). And he presented a wonderful image of scholarship liberated from the study into the world, of a humanities for which nothing human—or inhuman—would be alien. As an apprentice Blakean, I felt that I had heard from the master, and wished I had had the good sense to go to University of Toronto for my PhD, where I could have studied with him and Northrop Frye.” Mitev, Ariel Zoltán. “A Narrative Analysis of University Students’ Alcohol Stories in Terms of a Fryeian Framework.” European Journal of Mental Health 2, no. 2 (2007): 205–33. Presents a structural analysis of students’ alcohol consumption stories, using Frye’s taxonomy of mythoi to assign consumer narratives to four categories: comedy, romance, tragedy, and irony. See also chapter 8 of Mitev’s PhD dissertation, A társadalmi marketing elméleti és empirikus kérdései: Egyete misták alkoholfogyasztási történeteinek narrativ elemzése [Theoretical and Empirical Issues in Social Marketing: Narrative Analysis of Student Drinking Stories]. Budapest: Corvinus University, 2005: 107–32. Mitić, Petra. “The Theme of Oresteia in Eugene O’Neill’s Mourning Becomes Electra.” Facta Universitatis— Linguistics and Literature 1 (2008): 73–84. “It is worth quoting Northrop Frye here, who, while writing in a similar vein, also pays tribute to Robert Graves and Blake: ‘In the Biblical myth there is no complementary creative force to set against the artificial creation of God, no earth-mother or sexual creator, such as we find in many Oriental mythologies as well as the ancient Mediterranean and Near Eastern religions. A female principle, who represents the earth itself, and is therefore the mother, the mistress and eventually the witch-destroyer of the dying god, is at the centre of all the myths studied by Frazer, but Frazer politely overlooks her existence for the most part, and it was left for Robert Graves to incorporate her into contemporary criticism in The White Goddess. Blake had set forth the whole story in The Mental Traveller and the third part of Jerusalem, and it was because he had done so that I knew how important The Golden Bough and The White Goddess were.’”

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Mitstein, Rebekeh. “ASECS at 50: Interview with Maximillian Novak.” Eighteenth-Century Studies 53, no. 3 (Spring 2020): 379–85. “One would have thought that the studies of sensibility in France and Britain would have demonstrated the continuity of this interest in feeling and sympathy. Northrop Frye’s discussion of the latter half of the eighteenth century as an Age of Sensibility should have established this. It did for decades. But there has been some recidivism. I heard a well-known scholar of Romanticism insisting on a dramatic break in the century with the publication of Macpherson’s Ossian poems. No feeling or imagination before 1760. I preferred Ralph Cohen’s vision of the nineteenth century as attempting to answer the questions posed by the Restoration and eighteenth century.” Mizzero, Gianni. “Frye: Dalla fede alla speranza nella Tempesta di Shakespeare” [Frye: From Faith to Hope in Shakespeare’s Tempest]. Il Giornale di Vicenza (22 June 1979). In Italian. Mo, Fan. “Temptation through Time and Space: An Archetypal Analysis of Sir Henry Wotton in Oscar Wilde’s Portrait of Dorian Gray.” Journal of Mudanjiang Teachers College (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 2 (2009). In Chinese. Moininger, John D. “Kierkegaard’s Influence on Literary Criticism and Theory: Irony, Repetition, Silence.” In A Companion to Kierkegaard, ed. Jon Stewart. Oxford: Blackwell, 2015. 341–51. Glances at Frye’s appropriation of Kierkegaard’s idea of “repetition” for his own purposes. Moisan, Clement. L’age de la littérature Canadienne [The Age of Canadian Literature]. Montreal: Editions HMH, 1969. 91–4. In French. On the contribution of “the foremost and the best representative of the new criticism in Canada.” See also pp. 21, 42, 47, 53, 64, 87, 102, 106. Molano Vega, Mario Alejandro. “Valorar o no valorar, ¿Es esa la cuestión? Sobre una ilustrativa polémica entre Northrop Frye y Harold Bloom.” [To Value or Not to Value. Is That the Question? About an Illuminating Polemic between Northrop Frye and Harold Bloom]. Revista literatura: Teoría, historia, crítica 10 (2008): 37– 70. In Spanish. A study of the differing positions of Frye and Harold Bloom on value judgments in criticism. Mole, Christopher. “Nineteen Fifty-Eight: Information Technology and the Reconceptualization of Creativity.” Cambridge Quarterly 40, no. 4 (December 2011): 301– 27. Says that “Frye’s 1957 Anatomy of Criticism sought to situate works of literature relative to timeless mythic schemes of plots and archetypes. It was not concerned

with poetry’s place in the particular social context of the late 1950s.” Molesworth, Charles. “Kiefer & Co. at the Miami Margulies.” Salmagundi 192–3 (Fall 2016–Winter 2017): 33–44. “But before we address such tangled questions as ‘how can someone paint a myth?’ and ‘is such recourse to mythic structures bound to be ironic?’ and ‘shouldn’t all forms of pre-logical thinking be under suspicion?’ we might reflect on what art can be made out of mythic thinking. Seventy or more years ago different schools of myth criticism were widely adopted in literary studies, and many writers and scholars built enormous structures of interpretation based on a specially adapted form of mythology. The leading exponent, so to speak, of this field was Northrop Frye, but many others, from Leslie Fiedler to Rene Girard, were active and admired for using a kind of hermeneutics of transcendence to anchor their understanding of mythical works.” Mollins, Carl. “An Interview with Northrop Frye.” Northrop Frye Newsletter 4, no. 2 (Summer 1992): 1–8. Rpt. as “Cultural Identity in Canada,” in Interviews, ed. O’Grady, 1089–96. Molnár, Eszter. “Weöres Sándor lírájának tengerszimbolikájáról” [The Symbolism of the Sea in Sándor Weöres’s Poetry]. Korunk 7 (2015): 13–25. In Hungarian. Begins with Frye’s definition of the archetype: a symbol that connects one poem to another, thereby promoting the unity and integrity of the literary experience. Monaghan, Peter. “Recalling Northrop Frye.” Chronicle of Higher Education (13 July 2012). http://chronicle. com/blogs/pageview/recollecting-northrop-frye/30695. On the centenary of Frye’s birth, the completion of the thirty-volume Collected Works of Northrop Frye, and the two international conferences on his work—in Budapest and Toronto. Comments on the continuing relevance of Frye according to the general editor of the Collected Works, Alvin Lee, and the associate editor, Jean O’Grady. Monferrer Sala, Juan Pedro. “Leyendo detrás de las líneas . . . Sobre dos lecturas bíblicas de Northrop Frye” [Reading behind the Lines. . . On Two of Northrop’s Frye Biblical Readings]. In Introducción a la literatura canadiense francófona, ed. M.A. García Peinado. Málaga, Spain: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Málaga, 2001. 269–84. In Spanish. Monges Nicolau, Gracielia. “Principios fundantes de la poética de Northrop Frye” [Founding Principles of Northrop Frye’s Poetics]. Altertexto 3, no. 2 (2004): 87 ff.

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In Spanish. http://www.uia.mx/campus/publicaciones/ altertexto/pdf/6monges.pdf. Mookerjee, Robin. “Enemies of the State: The Atavistic Mock Epic.” In Transgressive Fiction: The New Satiric Tradition. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. 15–44. “‘Transgressive’ as a label applied to literature or other media is a comment on the content’s reception which is very much a function of the atmosphere of the time. It is therefore implausible that contemporary transgressive novels have much in common, as I contend in this chapter, with classical mock epic such as Ovid’s Metamorphoses, and the claim that they belong to a single ‘genre’ is equally dubious. If I were Northrop Frye I would be implying not only a family resemblance but a case of literal propinquity, as if fictional stories centuries apart reflected a deeply embedded but universal human persuasion.” Moon, Sun Jung. “Comedy and Catharsis.” English 23 (2002): 49–68. In Korean. –  “Northrop Frye and the Legacy of Greek New Comedy.” Contemporary English Literature 51, no. 4 (2007): 291– 305. In Korean. Moore, Caley. “The Great Decoder: Northrop Frye at 100 Years.” United Church Observer 76, no. 2 (September 2012): 10. Moore, Geneva Cobb. “A Demonic Parody: Toni Morrison’s A Mercy.” Southern Literary Journal 44, no. 1 (Fall 2011): 1–18. Uses Frye’s conception of demonic parody to interpret Morrison’s A Mercy. Moore, Natasha. “Epic and Novel: The Encyclopedic Impulse in Victorian Poetry.” Nineteenth-Century Literature 68, no. 3 (December 2013): 396–422. “Northrop Frye says . . . that ‘a movement which will restore something of the unity of medieval culture to the modern world . . . has been hailed in one form or other in nearly every generation since the middle of the eighteenth century.’ Certainly Aurora Leigh belongs to this category; however, Barrett Browning’s unwavering confidence that the unified worldview of a past age held good for the present was not shared by all of her fellow experimenters in the fusion of novel and epic.” Moore, Stephen T. “Defining the ‘Undefended’: Canadians, Americans, and the Multiple Meanings of Border during Prohibition.” American Review of Canadian Studies 34, no. 1 (Spring 2004): 3–32. “Northrop Frye has noted that Canada’s national identity is informed by a ‘garrison state’ mentality. While this may seem extreme, the underlying sentiment, that the border somehow

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provides shelter from the United States, has always been an important component of Canadianism.” Moore, Warren S., III. “Beyond Anatomy: Frye’s Liberatory Dimension in The Educated Imagination.” Northrop Frye Weblog, McMaster University, posted 2 August 2010. https://macblog.mcmaster.ca/fryeblog/ beyond-anatomy-fryes-liberatory-dimension-in-theeducated-imagination/. As against those who claim that Frye’s “interest in unity is at best quietist and at worst totalitarian,” Moore revisits The Educated Imagination, the message of which is liberatory. Moran, Gabriel. “Trustworthy Knowledge Finding What’s Good in Our Culture.” Catholic World 238, no. 1423 (January 1995): 28–33. “Northrop Frye, in a book on biblical interpretation, notes that Christianity has always distrusted both gnosticism and agnosticism. Since the first word means ‘know’ and the second ‘not know,’ there may not seem to be an alternative. But gnosticism refers to an historical movement in early Christianity that valued a kind of elitist knowing: only the initiates into secret knowledge could find salvation. In contrast, agnosticism is a nineteenth-century name for the denial that we can know anything of God. The ostensible humility of the term masks an arrogant dismissal of the sense that most people have of a divine presence in the world.” Moran, Patrick. “An Obsession with Plenitude: The Aesthetics of Hoarding in Finnegans Wake.” James Joyce Quarterly 46, no. 2 (Winter 2009): 285–304. “Since Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism, encyclopedism has served as a clearly demarcated heuristic, which has helped to analyze the modern stylistic obsession with plenitude, particularly in Joyce criticism. . . . Whether or not one subscribes to . . . etiological theory, the similarity between scavenging compulsions and animal behavior is frequently represented in the existing critical discourse on encyclopedism. Frye speaks of the ‘magpie instinct to collect facts’ found in the writers of this genre.” Moraru, Cornel. “Mythos şi logos” [Mythos and Logos]. Studia Universitatis Petru Maior: Philologia 2 (2003): 5–24. In Romanian. Notes that Frye’s archetypal critique allows for extrapolation. Morden, Michael. “Anatomy of the National Myth: Archetypes and Narrative in the Study of Nationalism.” Nations and Nationalism 22, no. 3 (July 2016): 447–64. “Argues that recognizing types of underlying narrative form which repeatedly occur across cases is critical to the study of nationalism. Proposes a method borrowed from the literary theory of Frye—archetypal

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criticism—for identifying the four basic forms of emotional architecture that characterize the myths of particular nations: tragic, romantic, comic and satiric.” (publisher’s abstract) More, Elise. “The Erotic Persona of Jimmy Stewart: From Visionary to Voyeur.” Bright Lights: Film Journal. (26 November 2015). “What Stewart is especially good at, which we have already seen hinted in the bedroom scene of Shop around the Corner, is awakening the woman, or bringing her to life. In Shop, he is responsible for both her “death” and her revival—the archetypal structural pattern (familiar from Much Ado about Nothing) found in comedy and romance that Northrop Frye writes of in Anatomy of Criticism, which in realistic works becomes the heroine’s experience of and recovery from illness or injury.” More, Nicholas D. “Nietzsche’s Last Laugh: Ecce Homo as Satire.” Philosophy and Literature 35, no. 1 (April 2011): 1–15. Notes how Frye and Bakhtin enlarged our understanding of the nature and purpose of satire. “In Frye and Bakhtin, tone and philosophical weight take precedence over any definition of satire by form. In Guilhamet and Weinbrot, on the other hand, analyses of ancient examples mean that formal considerations take the lead, resulting in a more delineated and conservative genre definition. This might suggest that Frye and Bakhtin’s work can accommodate Nietzsche while Weinbrot and Guilhamet’s will not. But Nietzsche’s satire in Ecce Homo and elsewhere invokes and parallels ancient satire, while bending its tone and purposes to philosophical ends, as in Frye and Bakhtin.” Morewedge, Rosemarie. Review of Engaging Moments, by Claudia Bornholdt. Journal of English & Germanic Philology 107, no. 1 (January 2008): 107–9. Begins by noting that Frye locates the successful quest in the form of romance; the quest involves the hero’s perilous journey, the crucial struggle, and final exaltation. Morey, Carl. “Canadian Music: A Personal Perspective.” Intersections: Canadian Journal of Music 33, no. 2 (2013): 7–17. “Reflects on musical life in Canada, drawing on experiential perspectives while growing up in Toronto and his career for three decades as a faculty member in musicology at the Faculty of Music at the University of Toronto. References to pivotal musical institutions (Canadian League of Composers, CBC, Canadian Music Centre, among others) and historical documents such as Ernest MacMillan’s Music in Canada, Marshall McLuhan’s Gutenberg Galaxy, and George Grant’s Lament for a Nation [and Frye’s The Modern Century] provide contextual frameworks for these perspectives.” Frye saw Canada as moving towards

a post-national world. “Canada’s evolution to postnationalism marks a turning point in imagining both nation and culture in this country.” Morey, Peter. “‘Halal Fiction’ and the Limits of Postsecularism: Criticism, Critique, and the Muslim in Leila Aboulela’s Minaret.” Journal of Commonwealth Literature. First published online 13 February 2017. DOI: 10.1177/0021989416689295. “This article examines Leila Aboulela’s 2005 novel Minaret, considering the extent to which it can be seen as an example of a postsecular text. . . . I end by arguing for the renewed relevance of the kind of analysis of literary ‘archetypes’ suggested by Northrop Frye, albeit disentangled from its specifically Christian resonances and infused by more attention to cultural cross-pollination.” Morgan, Dawn. “The World after Progress: The Thomas Browne of W.G. Sebald.” English Studies in Canada 39, nos. 2–3 (June–September 2013): 217–49. “Whatever the motivations or sources of their seventeenth-century adaptation, natural history and anatomy were adapted to the times and were important genres of the new philosophy. Both were what we would call non-fiction genres, keeping in mind that the distinction we now make between fact and fiction was itself a central issue, another element of structural, epistemic constraint, for both Burton and Browne. . . . Nature is . . . thereby rendered available as the object of study for modern science. Anatomy, by contrast, is defined by its approach to subject matter of received opinion. Anatomy’s peeling away provides for the ‘piling up of an enormous mass of erudition’ and the dramatization of conflicts of ideas, to use Northrop Frye’s terms, all the while emphasizing the comic element of ideological conflict, as both Frye and Bakhtin point out, the latter in his extended treatment of ‘menippean satire’ and its constitutive function in the modern, dialogic novel.” Morgan, Peter. “Bloom, Frye, and the Academic Aspiration after the Unity of Knowledge.” Interchange 22, nos. 1–2 (1991): 29–38. Examines the dark analyses of modern higher education in Alan Bloom’s The Closing of the American Mind and Frye’s On Education. Morgan, Thaïs E. “Is There an Intertext in This Text? Literary and Interdisciplinary Approaches to Intertextuality.” American Journal of Semiotics 3, no. 4 (1985): 1–40. Reviews the theory of Frye, among others, regarding the structured interpretation of literary works. Moric, Anja. “Peter Klepec: From a (Local) Hero to a (National) Allegory of Weakness.” Ars & Humanitas 9, no. 1 (2015): 204–26. Uses Frye’s definition of character from his theory of modes to place Peter Klepec, a folk

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hero to the inhabitants of the Čabranka-Osilnica valley, the border area on the Croatian and Slovenian side of the border. Morin, Christina. “Gothic Temporalities: ‘Gothicism,’ ‘Historicism,’ and the Overlap of Fictional Modes from Thomas Leland to Walter Scott.” In The Gothic Novel in Ireland. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2018. Draws on Frye’s conception of romance as developed in The Secular Scripture. Morin, Serge. “Souvenirs de Frye” [Memories of Frye]. Ellipse: Texts littéraires canadiens en traduction/ Canadian Writing in Translation 69 (Spring 2003): 60–1. In French. Moritz, A.F. “Words with Power?” University of Toronto Quarterly 81, no. 1 (2012): 72. Reminisces about his encounter with Frye’s books and obliquely with Frye himself. Concludes with an in memoriam poem for Frye, Full Circle, which comes to a close with these lines: “But in the quiet / university common the carillon / eddied clearly in tree crowns amid wings / through brightness that hadn’t yet reached the ground, / while under it boys and girls flowed / anxious and laughing in contradictory streams, / and parted around the shuffling / cancerous old scholar, intent / on each detail, the girls, the boys, the morning / flies on new roses, as he meditated / words with power. . . .” MØrk, Hans-Olav. “Hearing the Voice of the Other: Engaging Poets and Writers as Bible Translators, with a Case Study on Isaiah 7.14.” Bible Translator 63, no. 3 (2012): 152–68. On the new (2011) Bible translation by the Norwegian Bible Society. “Apart from the translation effort itself the most important contribution from the authors was the introduction to the scholarly view of the Bible as literature. It was the poet Paal-Helge Haugen who introduced us to names like Northrop Frye and Robert Alter.” Morley, Catherine. The Quest for Epic in Contemporary American Fiction: John Updike, Philip Roth and Don DeLillo. New York: Routledge, 2009. Morley draws on Frye and defends her elision of thematic analysis in favour of an exploration of genre theory, which can accommodate both local and international concerns. Morley, Patricia A. The Comedians. Toronto: Clarke, Irwin, 1977. Passim. Uses Frye’s definition of comic narrative to examine the fiction of Hugh Hood and Rudy Wiebe. –  “The Good Life, Prairie Style: The Art and Artistry of William Kurelek.” Children’s Literature 6 (1977): 141–9. Maintains that the two themes that Frye finds central to Canadian poetry—a comic theme of satire and

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exuberance and a tragic theme of loneliness and terror— are found in Kurelek’s work. –  The Mystery of Unity: Themes and Technique in the Novels of Patrick White. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1972. Morley, in her reading of White’s fiction, draws throughout on the method of Frye’s archetypal criticism. Morris, Christopher. “Woody Allen’s Comic Irony.” Literature/Film Quarterly 15 (1987): 175–80. Maintains that “the structure of Woody Allen’s films inverts that traditional, circular pattern of romantic comedy first outlined by Northrop Frye and C.L. Barber.” Morris, Mitchell. “Narratives and Values.” In Oxford Handbook of the American Musical, ed. Raymond Knapp, Mitchell Morris, and Stacy Wolf. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2011. “Shall we write a history of the musical, or a history of the musical? In what subtle combination of those terms? What role do our current reactions and responses have in the historical writing we propose to do? Literary critic Northrop Frye once offered a contrast between ‘ordinary history specializing in the names and dates of authors’ versus one ‘largely concerned with conventions and genres,’ and in so doing he pointed at something of the same difficulty.” Morris, Peter. “In Our Own Eyes: The Canonizing of Canadian Film.” Canadian Journal of Film Studies 3, no. 1 (Spring 1994): 27–44. “While one can identify [Harold] Innis, and particularly [George] Grant, as the source for the socio-political justification for cultural nationalism, it is also possible to identify Northrop Frye as the originator of its application to criticism. In his ‘Conclusion’ to the original 1965 edition of A Literary History of Canada can be found all the assumptions that helped shape the canon. Frye . . . argues that ‘literature is conscious mythology’; Canadian authors consistently make us aware of the ‘social and historical setting’ and their work is ‘more significantly studied as a part of Canadian life than as a part of an autonomous world of Literature.’ For Frye, Canadian literature has been shaped by social mythology, itself formed by Canadian cultural history and cultural geography. Literature, then, has a direct relationship to national consciousness, a means for Canadians to recognize themselves; as such it necessarily depends on a representational realism.” Moshenska, Joe. “Sir Kenelm Digby’s Interruptions: Piracy and Lived Romance in the 1620s.” Studies in Philology 113, no. 2 (Spring 2016): 424–83. “The Mediterranean world was the backdrop for a particular subset of romances: those that grew out of the complex and selfreferential body of long prose narratives now usually

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known as the ancient novels. As Northrop Frye drolly notes, ‘In Greek romance the characters are Levantine, the setting is the Mediterranean world, and the normal means of transportation is by shipwreck.’” Moshydy, Jalil, and Sonia Noori. “The Archetypal Criticism of the ‘Hooshroba Castle’ Story.” Literary Arts 9, no. 1 (2017): 109–18. Places Frye’s archetypal criticism in the context of Sir James Frazer, Carl Jung, Maud Bodkin, Robert Graves, J. Wilson Knight, and Richard Chase. Applies Frye’s archetypal criticism to interpret one of the tales of Rumi’s Masnavi. Mosley, Roger. “The Emergence of Musical Play.” In Keys to Play: Music as a Ludic Medium from Apollo to Nintendo. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2016. “According to Aristotelian precepts, tragedy is caused by causality itself; conversely, the joyous contingency of comedy emerges from the inevitable deferral, elusion, or circumvention of the inevitable. Northrop Frye observed that these relations can be construed as reciprocal configurations of freedom and constraint, openness and closure: ‘Just as comedy often sets up an arbitrary law and then organizes the action to break or evade it, so tragedy presents the reverse theme of narrowing a comparatively free life into a process of causation.’” Moss, Anita, and Jon C. Stott, eds. The Family of Stories: An Anthology of Children’s Literature. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1986. Each chapter’s introductory discussion relies heavily on the theories of Frye. Moss, John. “Bushed in the Sacred Wood.” In The Human Element: Second Series. Ottawa: Oberon Press, 1981. 161–78. Rpt. in Northrop Frye’s Canadian Literary Criticism and Its Influence, ed. Branko Gorjup. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009. 154–68. A critique of the thematic criticism of Canadian literature, as it descended from Frye and others. Moss, Laura. “Guy-Guys, CWILA, and Going Down the Hall to the Archives.” Canadian Literature 217 (Summer 2013): 6–16. “On September 25, 2013 a short interview published in Hazlitt, Random House Canada’s online magazine, sparked a giant controversy. In the interview for a recurring feature entitled ‘Shelf Esteem,’ ‘a weekly measure of the books on the shelves of writers, editors and other word lovers,’ Governor General’s Awardwinning author David Gilmour was asked by Emily M. Keeler to discuss the contents of the bookshelves in his office at Victoria College, in the University of Toronto, where he teaches. His comments about literature and the classroom ignited a media firestorm. People took particular exception to his point that ‘I’m not interested in teaching books by women,’ clarifying that ‘when I was

given this job I said I would only teach the people that I truly, truly love. Unfortunately, none of those happen to be Chinese, or women. Except for Virginia Woolf.’ . . . Standing at Victoria College beside a statue of Northrop Frye, adorned for the day with a pink boa and a tiara, [Andrea] Novik and [Miriam] Day opened the ‘Serious Heterosexual Guys for Serious Literary Scholarship’ rally they organized in response to the Gilmour interview by quoting Frye from The Educated Imagination: ‘what is the use of studying a world of imagination where anything is possible and anything can be assumed, where there are no rights or wrongs and all arguments are equally good? One of the most obvious uses, I think, is its encouragement of tolerance.’ As they said, Frye ‘encourages us to read widely, the better to build empathy and understand the imaginations of those around us.’” Mostow, Joshua S. “E no Gotoshi: The Picture Simile and the Feminine Re-guard in Japanese Illustrated Romances.” Word & Image: A Journal of Verbal/Visual Enquiry 11, no. 1 (1995): 37–54. “In the West, scholars have noted the strong connection between the genre of literary romances and the visual arts. Wendy Steiner writes that: ‘Pictures and mirrors abound in romance as symbols of the state of a protagonist’s identity,’ and she notes that Northrop Frye ‘associates this symbolism with the archetypal structure of the romance. . . .’ The technique of presenting a literary romance as an explication of a painting, as a narrative framing device, is found in the earliest Greek romances, such as Longus’ Daphnis and Chloe of the third century AD. The implications of this association between picture and narrative are profound.” Mount, Rick. “In Praise of Talking Dogs: The Study and Teaching of Early Canada’s Canonless Canon.” Essays on Canadian Writing 63 (Spring 1998): 76–98. Explores how the field of early Canadian literary studies is torn between its nonevaluative, cultural history agenda and a residual disciplinary desire to claim a special literary status for particular products of that cultural history. Examines some recent examples of this methodological contradiction and contends that, although critics and teachers of early Canadian literature have accepted Frye’s and John Metcalf’s dismissals of that literature qua literature and have heeded Frye’s dismissal of evaluative criticism, they have not yet forged a critical or pedagogical theory appropriate to Canada’s canonless canon. –  “Interview: Elephants Are Not Giraffes: A Conversation with Margaret Atwood, More or Less about Northrop Frye.” University of Toronto Quarterly 81, no. 1 (Winter

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2012): 60–70. “In the late 1950s, Margaret Atwood became a student of Northrop Frye at Victoria College in the University of Toronto. Although it’s doubtful that anyone noticed at the time, Atwood’s decision to attend Vic (and Frye’s decision to stay there) put what would become two of Canada’s most well-known public intellectuals at the geographic and historic start of the CanLit Boom of the 1960s, the largest single increase in literary publishing in Canadian history. This conversation explores Atwood’s thoughts on her teacher and Canada’s thinker: the ideas they shared (and didn’t share), his influence on herself and others, his legacy today.” Moura, Jean-Marc. “Migrations littéraires transatlantiques contemporaines: Des littératures de langue française et de leurs relations àl’Amérique du Nord” [Contemporary Transatlantic Literary Migrations. French-Language Literatures and Their Relationships to North America]. Contemporary French and Francophone Studies, 23, no. 1 (2019): 7–22. “En deçá de cette opposition réductrice, on pourrait voir dans cerecours au romanesque le signe d’une transition. Christelle Reggiani rappelle l’hypothèse de Northrop Frye qui : “lie le recours au Romanesque á ce qu’il appelle les ‘phases de transition’ de l’histoire littéraire, òu s’élabore le passage d’un paradigme à l’autre: le romanesque ferait autrement dit retour à chaque remise en cause de l’autorité des modèles narratifs” [Below this reductive opposition, one could see in this novelistic gesture the sign of a transition. Christelle Reggiani recalls Northrop Frye’s hypothesis that “links recourse to the Romanesque to what he calls the ‘transition phases’ of literary history, where the transition from one paradigm to the next is worked out: the romantic would in other words return to each questioning of the authority of the narrative models”]. Mouzakitis, Angelos. “From Narrative to Action: Paul Ricoeur’s Reflections on History.” Rethinking History: The Journal of Theory and Practice 19, no. 3 (March 2014): 1–16. “Ricoeur argues that the importance of [Hayden] White’s approach [in Metahistory] lies in its revealing ‘at the level of plot’ and via the employment of Northrop Frye’s notion of emplotment, a fundamental correlation ‘between works of fiction and works of history.’ We have to be reminded that White . . . sees romance, tragedy, comedy and satire as the four types of narrating history.” Moyers, Bill. “Northrop Frye.” In A World of Ideas, ed. Betty Sue Flowers. New York: Doubleday, 1989. 494–505. Rpt. as “Canadian and American Values” in Interviews, ed. O’Grady, 887–903. Frye replies to questions from Bill Moyers about Canadian and U.S. culture and mythologies, leaders in the modern world,

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teaching, the relation of the human and the divine, and the Bible. Mrakužič, Zlatan. “Antička tradicija i engleski detektivski roman” [The Ancient Tradition and the English Detective Novel]. Umjetnost riječi 1 (1999): 35–46. Mrduljaš, Petra. “Velika priča—mit kao povijest, bajka i trač u Tolkienovu Međuzemlju” [Great Story—a Myth as a History, Fairy Tales and Gossip in Tolkien’s Middle-Earth]. Književna Republika, časopis za književnost 10–12 (2011): 175–93. In Croatian. According to Frye, mythical literature, like Lord of the Rings, is marked by the creation of encyclopedic forms that tend to be reduced. Mugerauer, Robert. “The Form of Northrop Frye’s Literary Universe: An Expanding Circle.” Mosaic 12 (1979): 135–47. Seeks to engage the form of Frye’s thought as it is represented in his analysis of the phases of symbolism. Gives an outline of the argument behind each of the five phases, notes the characteristic images and metaphors of each phase, and argues that the logical and formal aspects of the theory of phases form a unity that can be represented as an expanding circle. Concludes that the form and content of Frye’s theory of symbolism do form a unity, “not to be found entirely in his literal assertions or his supporting ‘logical’ arguments but in the very presentation of his thought.’” –  Responding to Loss: Heideggerian Reflections on Literature, Architecture, and Film. New York: Fordham University Press, 2015. “As Northrop Frye says, in their anagogic or cosmic phase, all literary symbols are drawn from and return to the whole literary universe. . . . In The Crossing, as befits a novel, we hear much, but nothing is stated. All is in the mode of a hypothetical verbal structure, as Northrop Frye observes. That is why the differing insights and testimony of priest and hermit are left standing in opposition, as counters. Precisely in their differences, which must remain, they belong together.” Mugridge, Ian. “Myth-Making and History.” International History Review 5, no. 3 (1983): 318–21. Calls upon Frye’s discussion in The Great Code of the difference between Weltgeschichte and Heilsgeschichte to elucidate the difference between history and myth. Muhawi, Ibrahim. “Irony and the Poetics of Palestinian Exile.” In Literature and Nation in the Middle East, ed. Suleiman Yasir and Ibrahim Muhawi. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh Press, 2006. 31–47. Calls on Frye’s idea of tragic irony to characterize the literature of the Palestinian exile.

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Muller, Gil. “Storytelling and Mythmaking: Images from Film and Literature.” Cineaste 10, no. 3 (Summer 1980): 40–1. Review of Storytelling and Mythmaking: Images from Film and Literature, by Frank McConnell, who owes a large debt to Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism. Müller, Marianne. “Imagination als Ordner der Realität: zum Geschichts- und Literaturverständnis von Northrop Frye und Margaret Laurence” [Imagination as a Steward of Reality: The Understanding of History and Literature by Northrop Frye and Margaret Laurence]. Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 38 (1990): 146–51. In German. –  “Northrop Frye’s ‘Secular Scripture’: Structural Principles of Literature.” Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin/Gesellschafts- und sprachwissenschaftliche Reihe 33, no. 4 (1988): 437–39. Reviews the differences between the New Criticism and Frye’s archetypal criticism and glances at some of his assumptions about the importance of conventions. Concludes that Frye’s “overemphasis on the persistence of conventions of literary structures results from his ignoring the process of human material life and its changes. Nowhere in Frye is there an analysis of the relation between the inner literary structure and the process of real history.” –  “‘A Self-Contained Literary Universe’: Zur mythologischarchetypischen Literaturbetrachtung von Northrop Frye” [‘A Self-Contained Literary Universe’: The Mythological-Archetypal Literature Review by Northrop Frye]. Zeitschrift für Anglistik and Amerikanistik 36 (1988): 227–34. In German. After placing Frye’s work in the context of structuralism and myth criticism, provides a Marxist critique of Frye’s entire enterprise, especially as it applies to Canadian literature: Frye’s “making absolute the continuity of literary structure corresponds with the bourgeois democratic fear of the discontinuity in social structures, the fear of breaking with the past. . . . Frye’s confirmation of continuity springs from the late bourgeois absence of a teleological historical consciousness and corresponds to a conservative desire for security in a changing world.” –  “Weltliteratur als ‘in sich geschlossenes literarisches Universum’? Zur mythologischen Literaturbetrachtung Northrop Fryes” [“World Literature as a ‘SelfContained Literary Universe’? The Mythological Literary Considerations of Northrop Frye]. Zeitschrift für Germanistik 9 (1988): 156–61. Presents the same argument that appears in the previous entry, though the essay is organized a bit differently.

Müller, Timo. “Too Much Liberty in the Garrison? Closed and Open Spaces in the Canadian Sonnet.” Studies in Canadian Literature/Etudes en Littérature Canadienne 43, no. 1 (2018): 250–71. Calls attention to Frye’s claim that Canadians developed “a garrison mentality” in the face of a huge, unthinking, hostile force of nature. Müller-Kampel, Beatrix. “Komik und das Komische: Kriterien und Kategorien” [Comedy and the Comic: Criteria and Categories]. Zeitschrift für Literatur- und Theatersoziologie 5, no. 7 (2012): 5–39. Notes Frye’s idea of militant irony as both a narrative attitude and a literary genre. Mulligan, Rick. “The Reality/Fantasy Narrative and the Graphic Novel.” In The Graphic Novel, ed. Gary Hoppenstand. Ipswich, MA, and Amenia, NY: Salem Publishers, 2014. Notes the sources of genre conventions in Frye. Mullins, Katie. “Embodiment, Time, and the Life Review in Jeff Lemire’s Ghost Stories.” English Studies in Canada 40, no. 4 (December 2014): 29–54. “Lemire’s invocation of the pastoral places the narrative in a particularly Canadian tradition; Northrop Frye argues that the pastoral myth is central to Canadian literature and that the greatest Canadian writers’ work ‘is marked by the imminence of the natural world.’” Munk, Linda. “Northrop Frye: Typology and Gnosticism.” In Donaldson and Mendelson, Frye and the Word, 151–63. On Frye’s having introduced into literary studies, along with Auerbach, “an outmoded, potentially explosive hermeneutic based on the historical continuity of Christianity with Judaism.” Places this move in the context of the Gnostic tendency to devalue the Old Testament, and relates this in turn to the neoGnostic horrors of Nazism. –  “Understanding Understatement: Biblical Typology and ‘The Displaced Person.’” Journal of Literature & Theology 2 (September 1988): 237–53. Using Frye’s ideas on typology developed in The Great Code, argues that “the typological method of Biblical exegesis is the implicit structural principle of Flannery O’Connor’s ‘The Displaced Person.’” Muñoz, Valdivieso Sofía. “El discurso crítico de Northrop Frye como texto literario” [The Critical Discourse of Northrop Frye as a Literary Text]. Estudios de Filología Moderna 1 (2000): 243–62. In Spanish. –  “Metaphors to Live by: Romance Narrative in Northrop Frye’s Criticism.” Proceedings of the 20th International AEDEAN Conference. Barcelona: Universitat de

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Barcelona, Facultat de Filología, 1997. 535–40. In Spanish. –  “Northrop Frye and William Blake: A Shared Vision.” In AEDEAN: Select Papers in Language, Literature and Culture: Proceedings of the 17th International Conference (University of Cordoba), ed. Javier Pérez Guerra. Córdoba: Vigo, 2000. 315–18. –  “Northrop Frye en el centenario de su nacimiento 1912–2012” [Northrop Frye on the Centenary of His Birth, 1912–2012]. In Spanish. http://www.tonosdigital. es/ojstest/index.php/tonos/article/viewFile/810/543. 14 pp. “This article presents some axial lines underlying Northrop Frye’s literary theory. Moreover, the article is presented as a reappraisal of his critical and theoretical proposals from a contemporary point of view. We are taking into account, as well, the fact that 2012 is a significant year due to the celebration of the centenary of Frye’s birth. We have paid a special attention to three major works, which are the Anatomy of Criticism (1957), The Secular Scripture (1976) and The Great Code (1982). On the other hand, it is suggested that Northrop Frye’s critical work constitutes a sort of typological unity, which is modeled on the unity that Frye finds between the so called Secular Scripture and the Scriptures (Bible). We also suggest a literary side as well as a rhetorical basis in Frye’s work, which lead us to consider his criticism as a sort of creative criticism. Finally, it is suggested that Frye’s poetics seems to go along critical paths other than the ones we have traditionally and conventionally assumed in the past. In this sense, we suggest and encourage new approaches to his criticism that may enrich our perception of Frye’s work.” (author’s abstract) –  “Northrop Frye’s Critical Approach to Shakespeare’s Last Plays.” SEDERI: Journal of the Spanish Society for English Renaissance Studies IV (1993): 165–72. http:// sederi.org/docs/yearbooks/04/4_16_munoz.pdf. –  “Re-vision de una critica visionaria” [Revision of a Visionary Criticism]. Analecta Malacitana 19, no. 2 (1996): 563–74. Review of Northrop Frye: The Theoretical Imagination, by Jonathan Hart. Murphet, Julian. “A Modest Proposal for the Inhuman.” Modernism/Modernity 23, no. 3 (September 2016): 651–70. “It is time to revive and adapt Northrop Frye’s brilliant definition of satire as ‘militant irony’ and to postulate that a major tonal difference between the great generation of anti-humanists (of Derrida, Foucault, Lyotard, and Julia Kristeva) and our own inhumanists is the difference between the enduring ‘militant irony’ of

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the ‘sixty-eighters’ and what Frye would call the ‘puzzled defeat’ of inhumanism’s unselfconscious irony today.” Murphy, Carmel. “‘The Stormy Sea of Politics’: The French Revolution and Frances Burney’s The Wanderer.” Women’s Writing (13 April 2015): 1–20. Murphy, John. “Narrative and Social Action: The Making of the President 1960.” Viewpoints: Opinion Papers, Position Papers, Essays, from the 1989 annual meeting of the Speech Communication Association, San Francisco, 18–21 November. 32 pp. Argues that the narrative structure of Theodore White’s book, The Making of a President, derives its power from the form described by Frye as a quest story in the high mimetic mode. Murphy, Neil. “‘A way of happening, a mouth’: Public Transactions and Interior Spaces in the Poetry of Singapore.” Moving Worlds: A Journal of Transcultural Writings 10, no. 1 (2010). https://www.academia. edu/34641436/_A_way_of_happening_a_mouth_ Public_Transactions_and_Interior_Spaces_in_the_ Poetry_of_Singapore. Draws on Frye’s definition of the lyric. Murphy, Rich. “The Hopkins Path to Postmodern Poetry.” New Writing 5 (June 2015): 1–13. –  “McLuhan’s Warning, Frye’s Strategy, Emerson’s Dream.” Journal of the Assembly for Expanded Perspectives on Learning 12, no. 1 (January 2006): 62. “Maps a road from the warnings of catastrophe by Marshall McLuhan to Emerson’s dream of all American citizens being poets through the writing strategies of Northrop Frye. It is argued that what one learns through literary writing is especially important during the crises that are ongoing in the West.” Available at: http://trace. tennessee.edu/jaepl/vol12/iss1/8. Murray, Heather. “Alexander and After: Browning Culture, Natural Method, and National Education, 1889–1914.” Modern Language Quarterly 75, no. 2 (2014): 149. –  “Reading for Contradiction in the Literature of Colonial Space.” In Future Indicitaves: Literary Theory and Canadian Literature, ed. John Moss. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 1987. 71–84. Rpt. in Northrop Frye’s Canadian Literary Criticism and Its Influence, ed. Branko Gorjup. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009. 216–32. Murray, Janet H. Hamlet on the Holodeck. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2016. In a tour of how computer technology is reshaping the stories we live by, Murray notes that, earlier, “My favorite critic was Northrop Frye, who combined detailed analyses of the structure of stories with a profound appreciation of their mythic

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power. Reading Frye it was possible to believe that the formal beauty of literary art is an expression of its deeper truth. Yet the more I read, the clearer it became that stories did not tell the whole truth about the world.” Murray, Kevin. “Life as Fiction.” Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 15, no. 2 (1985): 173–87. “A system [of literary criticism] is required which is general, related to character development (especially success and failure at meeting tasks), and can easily be applied to everyday life. Many schools of literary criticism are ineligible here because they either are closely tied to the historical circumstances of the work, concerned with purely formal stylistic characteristics specific to one genre, or see literature as having no bearing on anything whatsoever apart from itself. One school which meets these criteria is the myth criticism of Northrop Frye. According to this school, literary works can be interpreted as recurrences of four mythic formulae: comedy, romance, tragedy, and satire. These myths are the conventions adopted in Western literature to provide the superordinate dramatic structures which give meaning to the isolated events and characters in literary texts. Myths, for Frye, are the narrative structures in literature which concern the human view of the world we want to live in, of the world we do not want to live in, of destiny and heritage, of the world we are trying to make.” –  “Narrative Partitioning: The Ins and Outs of Identity Construction.” In Rethinking Psychology: Volume 1— Conceptual Foundations, ed. J. Smith, R. Harre, and Luk van Langenhove. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1995. The principal categories in Frye’s theory of narrative with its four mythoi (comedy, romance, tragedy, and irony) have been extended to show how stories work in extraliterary domains. These include Hayden White’s studies of the narrative forms of history and Murray’s own work in the new field of narrative psychology. –  “Narratology.” In Rethinking Psychology, ed. J.A. Smith, R. Harré, and L. Van Langenhove. London: Sage Publications, 1995. 179–95. “Provides an advanced overview of the origins of narrative psychology in critique of psychological experimentalism, cognitive and ethological contributions, and narrative as a solution to the problems of what stands between internal and external processes.” “Northrop Frye’s seminal work Anatomy of Criticism (1957) provided a series of schemes for the analysis of Western literature. His principle categories were the four mythoi: romance, comedy, tragedy and satire. Such literary genres serve as tools for those who extend ‘poetics’ beyond fiction to

those practices of representation which have a formal component. Frye’s myths have since been used in the analysis of other extra-literary forms of narrative understanding, such as historiography.” Murray, Michael. “Narrative Social Psychology.” In The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Social Psychology, ed. Brendan Gough. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2017. Notes Frye’s well-known claim that the forms of narrative can be classified as comedy, romance, tragedy, and irony–satire. Murtagh, Joseph. “George Eliot and the Rise of the Language of Expertise.” NOVEL: A Forum on Fiction 44, no. 1 (2011): 88–105. Glances at Frye’s account of the influence of Menippean satire in eighteenth-century fiction. Musat, Diana Mincut. “Genul romance—o provocare pentru literature începutului de mileniu” [Romance Genre—A Challenge for the Early Literature of the Millennium]. Annales Universitatis Apulensis: Series Philologica 2 (2017): 103–12. In Romanian. For Frye literature contains three great literary forms: drama, epic, and lyric. Genre is determined by the link between the reader and the writer. Muskovits, Eszter. “The Chthonic Realm of Our Psyche: Mythic and Moral Aspects of Dracula’s Nature.” Interlitteraria 1 (2011): 308–24. “Northrop Frye further associates the cycle of waking and dreaming with the cycle of light and darkness, which can apply to Dracula. The hero being a sufferer of frustrations is really in the power of darkness in daylight, explains Frye, his antithesis; and the libido, the conquering heroic self awakes in the darkness.” Mussapi, Roberto. “Frye: lo scrittore è figlio de scrittori” [Frye: The Writer Is the Son of Writers].” Il Giornale (27 May 1987). In Italian. Mustazza, Leonard. “In the Old Style: The Tragic Vision in Sam Shepard’s ‘The Tooth of Crime.’” Text and Performance Quarterly 9 (1989): 277–85. Analyses Shepard’s play from the perspective of Frye’s theory of tragic structure. Muzaferija, Gordana. “Društvena zbilja u komedijama Mire Gavrana” [Social Reality in Miro Gavran’s Comedies]. Novi Izraz: časopis za književnu i umjetničku kritiku 16–17 (2002): 124–31. In Croatian. Notes that Frye’s theory of comedy hinges on the re-establishment at the end of the play of a stable social order. Myoung-ju, Kim. “The Crisis of Literature and the Advocacy of Northrop Frye’s Literary Imagination.” Korean English Literature Society 150 (1999): 295–309.

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

N Nabutanyi, Edgar. “Transplanting the Pumpkin— Folktales in New Media Formats for Children’s Instruction.” Matatu 42 (2013): 187–200. “The quest and the task motifs are explored in five selected folktales. . . . The archetypal pattern of the quest can be traced in all five. In fact, it is plausible to argue that the folktales are built around a search schema described by Northrop Frye as ‘a world of total metaphor, in which everything is potentially identical with everything else, as though it were all inside a single infinite body.’” Nadezna, Nadia. “Reading ‘The Motive for Metaphor.’” Nadezda’s blog (12 December 2012). https://blogs. lt.vt.edu/nadia/2012/12/12/reading-the-motive-formetaphor/. A commentary on the first chapter of The Educated Imagination. Naeem, Muhammad. “Introduction: Anatomy of Criticism. NEO English blog. https://neoenglish.wordpress. com/2010/12/01/introduction-anatomy-of-criticism/. –  “M.A. English Criticism: My Views on Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism.” http://profnaeem.blogspot. com/2018/07/ma-english-criticism-my-views-on.html. Dismisses Frye as overrated and unimportant. –  “Northrop Frye—His Life and Works.” NEO English blog. https://neoenglish.wordpress.com/2010/12/01/ northrop-frye-%e2%80%93-his-life-and-works/. –  “Northrop Frye’s Radical Ideas on Power, Ideology and Myth” (1 December 2010). https:// neoenglish.wordpress.com/2010/12/01/northropfrye%E2%80%99s-radical-ideas-on-power-ideologyand-myth/. Broad overview of Frye’s work, not so dismissive as what Naeem says in previous entry. Nagio, Chikako. “Canadian Conditions Inherent in Canadian Literature: The Background of ‘Canadian Dilemmas.’” Osaka Shoin Women’s University Studies Bulletin 3 (January 2013): 15–27. In Japanese. Naimou, Angela. “Sugar’s Legacies: Romance, Revolution, and Wageless Life in the Fiction of Edwidge Danticat and Rosario Ferré.” In Salvage Work: U.S. and Caribbean Literatures amid the Debris of Legal Personhood. New York: Fordham University Press, 2015. 92–138. Kara Walker’s sculptural monuments of the sugar industry actively respond to the romanticization of sugar’s legacies in all four meanings of romance, one of which is Frye’s unchanging and eternal genre containing the story of heroic transcendence—a generic convention adapted by Hayden White.

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Nakahara, Hisamitsu. “Criticism as Science: A Critique of Northrop Frye.” Bulletin of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Shinshu University, Part I, Humanities 6 (1972): 105–13. On Frye’s considering criticism as scientific and his exclusion of value judgments from the critical enterprise. Nakahara is dubious about both principles. Nakamura, Kenji. “In Search of the Archetype: N. Frye and J.L. Borges.” Gendai shiso [Revue de la pensée d’aujourd’hui] 7 (April 1979): 98–102. In Japanese. –  “Kaibo no kaibo no tame ni” [To Anatomize Anatomy of Criticism]. Eigo Seinen/The Rising Generation 137 (1 July 1991): 170–2. Part of a special section of this journal devoted to Frye. See also the articles by Yamagata, Maeda, Ebine, and Hirano. –  “Northrop Frye: Criticism as Knowledge.” Bulletin [College of General Education, Osaka University] 18 (March 1970): 81–103. In Japanese. –  “Northrop Frye: A Tribute on the Occasion of His Visit to Japan.” Nihon dokusho shimbun [The Japan Review of Books] 1911 (20 June 1977). In Japanese. –  “Northrop Frye Revisited.” Gakuto 74 (May 1977): 12–15. In Japanese. –  “Northrop Frye’s Critical Theory: Its Structure and Background.” English Literature Research 47, no. 2 (1971): 338–9. In Japanese. –  “On the Stratification of the Critical Mind: A Supplementary Note on Northrop Frye.” Eigo bungaku sekai [The English Literary World] 5 (August 1970): 12–15. In Japanese. Nakanori, Koshi. “Northrop Frye’s Criticism of Comedy.” Eigo bungaku sekai [The English Literary World] 11 (February 1969): 10–13. In Japanese. Nakazawa, Hisaki. “Criticism as Science: On the Criticism of Northrop Frye.” Bulletin of Shinshu University Faculty of Education, Part 1, Humanities (March 1972): 105–13. In Japanese. “The purpose of this paper is to show the characteristics of the literary criticism of Northrop Frye. They are as follows: a) He considers the critical act as the act of objective recognition. b) He excludes from criticism the value judgement with which most critics have been concerned, because he thinks that it is derived from random impressions. c) He studies the literary works with the same attitude or method that a scientist researches natural phenomenon. The question arises, however: is it possible for us to see literary works (things which are created by writers) and natural phenomenon (things which are not created but exist) as the same

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thing? Criticism considered as a science will, if it goes to extremes, exceed the limit of criticism and cease to be criticism.”

University of California Press, 2014. 124–38. Uses Frye’s theories of mode and myth to interpret Hitchcock’s films.

Nam, Soong-woo. “Influence of Northrop Frye on Korean Literary Criticism.” Journal of the Korean Society for the History of Science 35 (December 2003): 321–47. Concludes that Frye has had an influence on both practice and theory.

Nash, Laura L. “Intensive Care for Everyone’s Least Favorite Oxymoron: Narrative in Business Ethics.” Business Ethics Quarterly 10, no. 1 (January 2000): 277–90. Draws on the principles of Frye’s romantic and ironic mythoi as fruitful avenues for exploring questions of business ethics. Argues that all four mythoi “should be more fully considered for their potential to locate business ethics in an applicable context.”

Nance-Carroll, Niall. “Not Only, But Also: Entwined Modes and the Fantastic in A.A. Milne’s Pooh Stories.” The Lion and the Unicorn 39, no. 1 (January 2015): 63–81. “The nearly one-dimensional nature of the Pooh characters also places them firmly into the category of comedy. All of them (except the comparatively uninteresting Christopher Robin) are identified by over-arching character traits; this fatness of character invites many people to describe themselves and others according to characters from the Pooh stories— Pooh is foolish and greedy, Piglet timid, Eeyore melodramatically sad, Tigger hyperactively energetic, and so forth. Northrop Frye writes that ‘unincremental repetition, the literary imitation of ritual bondage, is funny.’” Nanson, Anthony. “Myths, Genres, and Forms in Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism.” Deep Time (blog) (23 July 2017). https://nansondeeptime. wordpress.com/2017/07/23/myths-genres-and-formsin-northrop-fryes-anatomy-of-criticism/. Applies Frye’s four theories (modes, symbols, myths, and genres) to his own novel, Deep Time. Naranjo, Esther Bautista, and Pedro Javier Pardo. “Recepción Inicial (Ss. XVII-XVIII), Enfoque de la Crítica y Exégesis Mítica en el Romanticismo” [Initial Reception (Ss. XVII-XVIII), Focus on Criticism and Mythical Exegesis in Romanticism]. La Recepción y Reescritura del Mito de Don Quijote en Inglaterra (Siglos XVII–XIX). Madrid: Dykinson, 2015. 39–94. In Spanish. Draws on Frye’s theory of modes and theory of myths, essays 1 and 3 of Anatomy of Criticism. Narbonne, André. “Carlylean Sentiment and the Platonic Triad in Anne of Green Gables.” American Review of Canadian Studies 44, no. 4 (October 2014): 433–47. “During her lifetime, Montgomery could not be placed within a modernist canon. It was an impossible fit because she did not share, or at least did not explore, what Northrop Frye would call a ‘deep terror” of the natural environment. Instead, she committed the sin of being popular.” Naremore, James. “Hitchcock and Humor.” An Invention without a Future: Essays on Cinema. Berkeley:

Nash, Thomas. “Sam Shepard’s Buried Child: The Ironic Use of Folklore.” Modern Drama 26 (1983): 486–91. Rpt. in Essays on Modern American Drama: Williams, Miller, Albee and Shepard, ed. Dorothy Parker. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1987. 203–9. Examines Shepard’s play from the perspective of Frye’s ironic mode, a style beginning in realism but moving towards myth. Nassar, Eugene Paul. “Literary Tone and the Rape of Illusion.” Renascence 18 (Winter 1966): 73–80. Argues against Frye’s views on classification and value judgments, maintaining that the proper function of criticism is to specify or “articulate the unique tone of a work.” Nastič, Radmila. “Myth of Creation and Frye’s Cycles of Literature.” In The Myth in the Works of Canadian Authors. Novi Sad: Ljiljana Matič, 2000. 157–63. 10th International Colloquium, Novi Sad, Yugoslavia, 23–27 May 1996. On Frye’s theories of modes, imagery, and myths. Natarajan, Uttara. “William Blake: Critical History from First Responses to Northrop Frye.” In The Romantic Poets: A Guide to Criticism. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2007. 4–6 and passim. “[S. Foster] Damon’s book [William Blake: His Philosophy and Symbols] remained the beacon of the burgeoning Blake scholarship of nearly the whole of the first half of the twentieth century, until it was eclipsed by the publication, in 1947, of Northrop Frye’s Fearful Symmetry: A Study of William Blake. . . . Frye’s study, towering over Blake criticism still today, catalysed Blake’s slow and uneven transition from ‘preRomantic’ to ‘Romantic’ and the augmenting of the Romantic canon of five poets to six.” (from chapter 1) National Book Critics Circle. “The Critical Library: Stuart Kelly.” Critical Mass, 11 December 2007. Each week, the National Book Critics Circle posts a list of five books a critic believes reviewers should have in their libraries. About one of his choices, Anatomy of Criticism, Kelly writes: “forget the rather dated material about the

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

science of criticism, and revel in Frye’s wonderfully esoteric appreciation of the importance of form. For a reviewer, understanding generic constraints are fundamental—you can’t complain that Agatha Christie isn’t Virginia Woolf—but of equal importance is realising the rhetorical function of form, and when form itself begins to buckle and mutate.” Natoli, Joseph. Dark Affinities, Dark Imaginaries: A Mind’s Odyssey. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2017. Contains, as part of chapter 1, “Introduction, Twentieth-Century Blake Criticism: Northrop Frye to the Present.” –  Twentieth-Century Blake Criticism: Northrop Frye to the Present. New York: Garland, 1982. Selects Fearful Symmetry as the starting point of this bibliography because Frye’s book “represents the first attempt to treat Blake’s work as a coherent whole susceptible to a literary exegesis.” Ndlovu, Isaac. “Satire, Children, and Traumatic Violence: The Case of Ahmadou Kourouma and Uwen Akpan.” Matatu 45 (2014): 71–100. “Both Bakhtin and Frye, the two great critics of satire, firmly believe that fantasy is inseparable from satire. Bakhhtin writes that ‘the grotesque is always satire.’ Frye argues that satire’s ‘wit or humour’ must be ‘founded on fantasy or a sense of the grotesque or absurd.’ These observations help us to re-read both Kourouma’s and Akpan’s narratives not simply as being sociologically and historically accurate but as fundamentally satirical literary works.” Neagu, Adriana. “Foreword.” Transylvanian Review, Suppl. 2 (2017): 163–5. “In a seminal work devoted to the archeologies of utopian fiction, Northrop Frye placed utopia at the centre of the fictional experience, recalling to mind the ultimately inherently utopian structure of all literary works, all configuring to a certain extent a ‘no-place’ to be inhabited and populated by the receiving subject. In what follows, we sought to build on the Durandian metaphor toward an enhanced and, as we hope, topical exploration of the limits and limitations of the global imagination.” Neale, Steve. Genre and Hollywood. London: Routledge, 2000. 16. “On a number of occasions in the 1960s and 1970s, writers on genre in the cinema referred to definitions and theories of genre in literature. Some, like Cawelti, made use of particular literary theories (in Cawelti’s case, those of Frye). However, while the existence of literary theory was explicitly acknowledged, it was in practice usually ignored. One of the reasons for this, as Ryall points out, was the apparent discrepancy between generic terms and ‘divisions’ in literature, and

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the terms and divisions familiar to critics and theorists of the cinema.” Nealon, Christopher. “Reading on the Left.” Representations 108, no. 1 (Fall 2009): 22–50. “In 1957, at the height of the Cold War, Northrop Frye . . . argued that ‘no discussion of beauty can confine itself to the formal relations of the isolated work of art; it must consider, too, the participation of the work of art in the vision of the goal of social effort, the idea of complete and classless civilization.’ Lest he be mistaken for a Communist, Frye makes clear that his understanding of ‘class’ is Arnoldian, not Marxist; ‘classlessness’ in this account amounts to urbanity, to good taste. But alongside the rear-guard action in Frye’s formulation there exists a progressive truth, which is this idea of the participation of ‘the work of art’ in imagining society as other than itself. This is what Jameson means when he writes, retooling Frye in The Political Unconscious, that ‘no matter how weakly . . . all literature must be read as a symbolic meditation on the destiny of community.’ Note that this is not a definition of literature; it identifies in literature something Jameson thinks we must attend to. For Frye and Jameson alike, criticism tracks literature; they have a mimetic relation, and negative, ‘symptomatic,’ or even antagonist readings by critics of literary texts do not change this relation—they merely strike different notes on its scale.” Neely, Carol Thomas. Broken Nuptials in Shakespeare’s Plays. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985. 26, 39. Takes issue with Frye’s view of the “impediments to comic fulfillment” in Shakespeare’s comedies and with his characterization of Much Ado about Nothing. Neile, Caren Schnur. “Our Stories, Our Companions: A Conversation with Arthur W. Frank.” Storytelling, Self, Society 9, no. 2 (Fall 2013): 261–6. “I’m interested in determining why people tell the stories they do to hold their own in circumstances that require them to do so. I still learn a lot from literary critics; they’ve got insights into how stories work. Northrop Frye has been an especially useful source of insight for me. Frye’s style of criticism seems less interested in making judgments of literary quality than in investigating how stories affect human flourishing. For example, see The Secular Scripture.” Neimneh, Shadi. “The Anti-Hero in Modernist Fiction: From Irony to Cultural Renewal.” Mosaic: An Interdisciplinary Critical Journal 46, no. 4 (2013): 75–90. “Among notable critics who provided relevant theorizing on modern heroism, two figures are T.S. Eliot and Northrop Frye.” Neimneh explains the different kinds of heroes who inhabit Frye’s five modes: myth,

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romance, high mimesis, low mimesis, and irony. The ironic heroes that inhabit the literature of the twentieth century and after tend to be weak and ineffectual with little power of action to escape from their plight. –  “The Visceral Allegory of Waiting for the Barbarians: A Postmodern Re-Reading of J.M. Coetzee’s Apartheid Novels.” Callaloo 37, no. 3 (Summer 2014): 692–709. “Frye shares Paul de Man’s premise that all commentary is allegorical in a thematic reading when he claims that formal allegories have ‘a strong thematic interest, though it does not follow . . . that any thematic criticism of a work of fiction will turn it into an allegory. . . . Genuine allegory is a structural element in literature: it has to be there, and cannot be added by critical interpretation alone.’ Frye adds that commentary is ‘allegorical interpretation, an attaching of ideas to the structure of poetic imagery’ and that it ‘looks at literature as, in its formal phase, a potential allegory of events and ideas.’ A ‘naïve allegory’ for Frye loses literary merit in being clear or direct; it is one that translates ‘ideas into images.’ For Craig Owens, as for de Man (but not explicitly for Frye), allegory ‘can no longer be condemned as something merely appended to the work of art, for it is revealed as a structural possibility inherent in every work.’” Nel, Philip. “Same Genus, Different Species? Comics and Picture Books.” Children’s Literature Association Quarterly 37, no. 4 (Winter 2012): 445–53. “Considering both comics and picture books not as different genres but as different modes of ‘genre.’ To borrow from and modify Northrop Frye’s definition, a mode is an ‘attitude assumed by the poet [or author-artist] toward his [or her] audience in thematic literature. . . . As a way of separating picture books from comics, ‘mode’ brings in the useful critical ideas of ‘tone’ and ‘audience,’ but— in Frye’s use of the term—ultimately does not help in making sharp distinctions any more than ‘genre’ does.” Nelms, Ben F. “Text and Design in Illustrations of the Book of Job.” In Blake’s Visionary Forms Dramatic, ed. David V. Erdman and John E. Grant. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1970. 336–411. Remarks on Frye’s uses of the dialectical myth of the city of God and the fallen city of man. Also notes their differing interpretations of Elihu. “A general impression of Blake criticism is that his Illustrations of the Book of Job represent virtually a rewriting of the book by Blake in his own terms and that the interrelations of text and design are less important than they usually are in his books. Blake’s series is indeed much more than a mere sequence of illustrations of the original; yet it is not a complete rewriting. It is rather, as Northrop Frye has pointed out, a profound

commentary characterized by an attitude of critical acceptance.” Nelson, Brent. “Cain-Leviathan Typology in Gollum and Grendel.” Extrapolation 49, no. 3 (Winter 2008): 466– 85. “Early in The Lord of the Rings, Gandalf relates to Frodo the story of Gollum’s origins, which foregrounds two important typological connections between Gollum and Grendel, evoking both the Leviathan of romance as elaborated by Northrop Frye and a second and related typology, one not recognized by Frye: the fall of Cain. . . . The association with Leviathan connects these two stories with a particular mythos that Northrop Frye identifies with medieval and early modern romance. Applying Frye’s ‘grammar of literary archetypes,’ one might view both Beowulf and The Lord of the Rings as romance owing to their ‘tendency to suggest implicit mythical patterns in a world more closely associated with human experience’ than is the case in ‘undisplaced myth’ (myth that occurs in an overtly mythical context). . . . A key figure in the mythical landscape of romance is Leviathan. Frye describes the sea of romance as ‘the sea of chaos itself, the abyss of nothingness symbolized in the Bible by the monster Leviathan, the dragon of the deep that only God, in God’s own time, can hook and bring to land.’ . . . Frye’s treatment of Leviathan as the ‘power of tyranny,’ however, gives romance a socialuniversal slant, which is certainly an important aspect of the romance plot, but equally significance in Frye’s scheme is the individual struggle for identity against the backdrop of chaos, decay, and fallenness.” Nelson, Cary. “Reading Criticism.” PMLA 91 (October 1976): 801–15 [802–4, 810, 812–13]. Explores the nature of critical activity itself by looking at statements about criticism made by Frye and others. Questions both the organic conception of “literary career” and the notion of a scholar as a disinterested historian. Nelson, Esther. “Say It with Music.” Feminism and Religion (blog). https://feminismandreligion.com/2020/02/21/ say-it-with-music-by-esther-nelson/. “Margaret Atwood (b. 1939), a Canadian author probably best known for her book The Handmaid’s Tale, says: “Northrop Frye used to say that the Bible is not a book you judge, it is a book that judges you—by which I took him to mean that since there are so many contrary opinions and teachings in it, the group of them you select will say a lot about who you are.” Nelson, Ingrid, and Shannon Gayk. “Gatunek jako forma życia” [Genre as Form-of-Life]. Teksty Drugie 3 (2019): 168–86. In Polish. Recent reinterpretations of species theory in different periods and different media can be

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understood as a reaction to the synchronic taxonomies developed by Frye at midcentury. Nelson, Robert L. German Soldier Newspapers of the First World War. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2011. Notes that the most influential book on WWI during the past three decades, Paul Fussell’s The Great War and Modern Memory, was written by an acolyte of Frye. Nelson, Ruben F.W. “Four-quadrant Leadership: Leadership, Management, Administration, and Societal Change.” Planning Review 24, no. 1 (January–February 1996): 20–37. “Humans not only see and describe their world but participate in constructing and shaping it. The language of this discovery is that of myths, metaphors, images, visions, stories, and paradigms. Through these elements we see that, as Frye says, ‘Everything a culture produces is equally a symbol of that culture.’” Nelson, Thomas A. Shakespeare’s Comic Theory: A Study of Art and Artifice in the Last Plays. The Hague: Mouton, 1972. 25–6. Outlines Frye’s understanding of the larger symbolic actions in Shakespeare’s comedies and, following Frye and Francis Fergusson, bases his own interpretation of Shakespeare upon his “total concept of comedy,” especially the recurring patterns in his comic action and his treatment of character. Nemesvari, Richard. “The Anti-Comedy of The TrumpetMajor.” Victorian Newsletter 77 (Spring 1990): 8–13. Revised as “Introduction” to Thomas Hardy’s The Trumpet Major (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), xi–xxii. Uses Frye’s principles of the comic mythos to show how Hardy’s novel “both ulilizes and undercuts genre.” Nersessian, Anahid. Utopia, Limited: Romanticism and Adjustment. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015. “Grounded in an intellectual tradition that begins with Immanuel Kant and includes Theodor Adorno and Northrop Frye, Utopia, Limited lays out a program of ‘adjustment’ that applies the lessons of art to the rigors of life on an imperiled planet.” “The first chapter, ‘Rcsm, an Introduction,’ begins just where one might expect, with Blake’s account of the bounding line. It ends with a quick, careful analysis of the form of the ‘Introduction’ to Songs of Innocence. If these bookended accounts of Blake are the chapter’s ostensible ‘form,’ a space is opened in between them where Nersessian grapples with an array of thinkers—Jameson, Cavell, Wittgenstein, Rousseau, de Stael, Laura Kipnis, Randere, Deleuze and Guattari, Hardt and Negri, and a dozen more, but especially the Frankfurt School, and Frye’s late, unfinished ‘third book.’”

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Netsu, Akihiro. “The Critical Method of Northrop Frye on the Myth of ‘Susanowo’ from Kojiki: A Comparative and Contrastive Study on Eastern Literature with a Western Critical Point of View.” Obirin Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 34 (2007): 61–77. In Japanese. Nevo, Ruth. “Shakespeare’s Comic Remedies.” In Shakespearean Comedy, ed. Maurice Charney. New York: New York Literary Forum, 1980. 3–15. Draws throughout on Frye’s taxonomies and analyses of the conventions of Shakespearean comedy. New, William H. “Codes of Myth.” In A History of Canadian Literature. London: Macmillan, 1989. 229–33. Points to the influence of Frye’s theory of cultural coherence on the work of Douglas Jones, Gwendolyn MacEwen, Jay Macpherson, and James Reaney. –  A History of Canadian Literature. 2nd ed. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2003. 217– 19. Revised overview of Frye’s theory of literature and the influence it had on Canadian writers (Douglas Jones, Jay Macpherson, James Reaney, Margaret Atwood, and Gwendolyn MacEwen). Newman, Judie. “Saul Bellow and the Theory of Comedy: ‘Him with His Foot in His Mouth’ from Page to Stage.” Partial Answers: Journal of Literature and the History of Ideas 14, no. 1 (January 2016): 159–73. “The dynamic of Bellow’s story depends upon the deployment of two different concepts of comedy—as the expression of an aggressive, materialistic society (Freud, The Joke in Relation to the Unconscious) or as a means of reforming society in green comedy (Northrop Frye, Anatomy of Criticism).” (author’s abstract) Newsom, Carol. “Probing Scripture.” Christian Century 118, no. 1 (3–10 January 2001): 21–8. “One impetus to the interest in biblical narrative was the creation in the 1960s and ’70s of departments of religious studies in nondenominational colleges and public universities. In such contexts the study of the Bible ‘as literature’ was deemed especially appropriate to a secular curriculum. Giving further impetus to literary study of the Bible was the work of several scholars of English and comparative literature, who extended their expertise in the analysis of literature to biblical texts. Most prominent were Northrop Frye (The Great Code: The Bible and Literature), Robert Alter (The Art of Biblical Narrative and The Art of Biblical Poetry), and Frank Kermode (The Genesis of Secrecy: A Study of the Gospel of Mark).” Newstok, Scott L. “Editor’s Note.” Shakespeare Quarterly 57, no. 3 (Fall 2006): 294–6. Contrasts Kenneth Burke’s reading of Shakespeare with the archetypal readings of Frye and C.L. Barber.

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New World Encyclopedia contributors. “Northrop Frye” (20 November 2013). http://www.newworldencyclopedia. org/p/index.php?title=Northrop_Frye&oldid=976283. A 3800-word essay on Frye’s life and achievement. Newton K.M. “Archetypal Criticism.” In TwentiethCentury Literary Theory, ed. K.M. Newton. London: Palgrave, 1988. 98–102. A brief introduction to archetypal criticism and Frye’s “The Archetypes of Literature,” which is reprinted in Newton’s anthology. Nezu, Akihiro. “Frye’s View of Canadian Literature and Culture.” Saori Forest International Studies Collection (1998): 207–18. On Frye’s “Conclusion” to the Literary History of Canada (1965). –  “Northrop Frye’s System of Literary Criticism and Kojiki Susano II Myth: A Comparative Study of Western Literary Criticism and Oriental Literature.” Sakura Mibayashi Ronshu 34 (2007): 61–77. In Japanese. Ng, Erica. “Color, Water, and Character Archetypes in Golding’s Lord of the Flies.” Journal of Harbin Vocational and Technical College 1 (2009). In Chinese. Nicholson, Melanie. “The Reluctant Troubadour: Tracing the Oral Tradition in the Poetics of Juan Gelman.” Revista de Estudios Hispanicos 50, no. 1 (March 2016): 167–190. “In his well-known essay ‘How to Read,’ Ezra Pound distinguishes three ways in which language comes to be ‘energized’; the first of these he calls melopoeia, ‘wherein the words are charged, over and above their plain meaning, with some musical property, which directs the bearing or trend of that meaning.’ . . . Frye builds on Pound’s definition of this particular current of melopoeia to examine the rhetoric of charm, which is the ancient practice of compelling action or change in the material world through language. ‘The radical of melos,’ says Frye, ‘is charm: the hypnotic incantation that, through its pulsing dance rhythm, appeals to involuntary physical response, and is hence not far from the sense of magic, or physically compelling power.’” Nicholson, Mervyn. “Cosmology and Imagination in Northrop Frye: A Further Contribution to URAM Studies on Frye.” Ultimate Reality and Meaning 22, no. 1 (March 1999): 45–68. On Frye’s view of metaphorical thinking as opposed to abstract reasoning and ideology and on the idea of interpenetration, which Frye borrowed from Whitehead, among others. –  “Frye’s Desire.” Hamilton Arts and Letters 8, no. 1 (2015). http://samizdatpress.typepad.com/hal_ magazine_issue_eight1/hal-magazine-issue-eight1cover-index.html. On the question of Frye’s (waning)

influence and on the issue of desire in his criticism and its relation to the imagination. –  “Northrop Frye for a New Century: Introduction.” English Studies in Canada 37, no. 2 (June 2011): 1–7. Introduces the special issue of ESC devoted to a revaluation of Frye. Nicolae, Mihaela. “Forme şi structuri ale utopiei—ficţiune, memorie, istorie” [Forms and Structures of Utopia— Fiction, Memory, History]. Sfera Politicii 140 (2009): 99–105. In Romanian. As Frye writes, the utopian fiction writer inevitably starts with the real world from which he then starts to build and inhabit his fictional world. In addition to the inner fiction of the hero and his society, there is also an external fiction, resulting from the relationship between the writer and his society. Nicolaescu, Cristina. “Myth and Stereotypes in the novel Surfacing by Margaret Atwood.” Analele Universitatii Crestine Dimitrie Cantemir, Seria Stiintele Limbii, Literaturii si Didactica predarii 2 (2012): 111–26. Focuses throughout on the parallels in critical stance between Atwood and Frye. Nicolai, Raluca. “Alte cărţi supravieţuitoare” [Other Surviving Books]. Revista Vatra 5 (2006): 50–1. In Romanian. Cites Frye on the pharmakos (scapegoat). Nicolau, Graciela Monges. “Principios fundantes de la poética de Northrop Frye” [The Founding Principles of Frye’s Poetics]. AlterTexto 2, no. 3 (January–June 2003): 87 ff. In Spanish. Also at http://www.uia.mx/campus/ publicaciones/altertexto/pdf/6monges.pdf. Nikolić, Sandra M. “ФРАГМЕНТАРНА НАРАТИВНА СТРУКТУРА ТРИЛОГИЈЕ СМРТИ РЕДИТЕЉА АЛЕХАНДРА ГОНЗАЛЕСА ИЊАРИТУА” [Fragmented Narrative Structure in Alejandro Gonzalez Inarritu’s “Death Trilogy”]. Липар - часопис за књижевност, језик, уметност и културу 53 (2014): 157–68. Sees Frye as a latter-day Aristotle in the study of genres. Niculescu-Ciocan, Cristina. “A Terminological Perspective on Mental Processes in Psychology.” Limba Și Literatura 19: 70–8. “By crossing the Red Sea, Israel achieves its identity as a nation; when Jesus is baptized in the Jordan, he is recognized as the Son of God.” According to Frye, “the crossing is also a type of the Resurrection.’ Niederhoff, Burkhard. “‘When Mercy Seasons Justice’: Poetic Justice in Comedy.” Connotations: A Journal for Critical Debate 25, no. 2 (2015–16): 152–74. Bernhard Asmuth’s view of comedy is “based on a distinction between two sorts of characters: the young lovers who wish to marry, and the blocking characters who stand

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in their way. Asmuth argues that the young lovers, who are good, are rewarded with a happy ending, while the blocking characters, who are bad, are punished for their opposition to the course of true love. This solution is certainly very neat—too neat, I am tempted to say. While it has some validity, it cannot explain away the problem entirely. Northrop Frye points out that in many comedies the blocking characters are not punished but reconciled with the lovers and included in the happy ending.” Nielsen, Kirsten. “Introduction.” Literature & Theology 23, no. 3 (September 2009): 265–75. Notes Frye’s observation that “most of Shakespeare’s historical dramas deal with the passing over of the eldest in favour of another.” Niesporek, Katarzyna. Boskie, ludzkie Cztery studia o poetyckim doświadczaniu Boga [Divine, Human: Four Studies of the Poetic Experience of God]. Śląskiego: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu, 2017. In Polish. Nikčević, Sanja. “Tennessee Williams i subverzivna američka drama ili kako oprostiti gubitniku?” [Tennessee Williams and Subversive American Drama, or How to Forgive a Loser?]. Riječ 3–4 (2011): 33–9. In Bosnian. Following Northrop Frye who argued that any play must have a basic coherent principle that reveals the forms of organization and their content, it seemed to me that the organizing principle of American drama is its relation to the American dream, which is the fundamental myth on which American society rests. Nikolajeva, M. “Harry Potter: A Return to the Romantic Hero.” In Harry Potter’s World, ed. E.E. Heilman. London, RoutledgeFalmer, 2003. Draws on the work of Frye and the writing about Harry Potter, exploring the different types of heroes and how they relate to characterization and narrative in children’s literature. Nilsen, Don L.F. “Northrop Frye Meets Tweedledum and Tweedledee: Adolescent Literature as Comedy, Romance, Tragedy, and Irony.” Journal of Evolutionary Psychology 17 (March 1998): 10–20. Nilsen, Helge Normann. “Yeats’s ‘The Two Trees’: The Symbolism of the Poem and Its Relation to Northrop Frye’s Theory of Apocalyptic and Demonic Imagery.” Orbis Litterarum 24 (1969): 72–6. Expands Frye’s statement in Anatomy of Criticism about Yeats’s poem into a brief interpretation based on apocalyptic and demonic visions. Ning, Jing. “On Mimesis in Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism.” Journal of Xichang College 24, no. 2 (2012):

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56–8. In Chinese. An analysis of the meanings of “mimesis” in Anatomy of Criticism. Ning, Sheng. “Criticism of Criticism: On Frye’s MythArchetypal Criticism.” Foreign Literature Review 1 (1990). In Chinese. Nischik, Reingard M., ed. The Palgrave Handbook of Comparative North American Literature. Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. 2014. See the index for “Frye,” whose references to Canadian literature are scattered throughout the handbook. Niú dān. “An Archetypal Analysis of Shakespeare’s Late Plays.” Legend Biography (Literary Election Issue) 4 (2011). In Chinese. Niyozov, Sarfaroz. “Towards Justice, Inclusion, and Hope: Exposing the Invisible, Rethinking the Assumed, and Reviving the Creative Possibilities in Curriculum and Schooling.” Curriculum Inquiry 43, no. 3 (June 2013): 291–304. Agrees with Frye that American public life is “replete with expressions, assumptions, and meanings derived from religion.” Nizzero, Gianni. “Frye: Della Fede alla Speranza nella ‘Tempesta’ di Shakespeare” [Frye: From Faith to Hope in Shakespeare’s Tempest]. Il Giornale di Vicenza (22 June 1979). In Italian. Gives a detailed summary of Frye’s lecture on The Tempest, presented in Vicenza, 18 May 1979. Njegić, Davor. “Jazz i voodoo kao strukturalni principi u Ishmael Reedovom romanu Mumbo Jumbo” [Jazz and Voodoo as Structural Principles in Ishmael Reed’s novel Mumbo Jumbo]. Sophos-časopis mladih istraživača 5 (2012): 85–105. In Croatian. Asks whether or not the principle that myths and metaphors give structure to literature applies in Reed’s case. Nobuyoshi, Ota. “On the Mother Figure in Night and Day: Feminist Criticism Reconsidered.” Virginia Woolf Review 8 (1991): 1–15. Argues against Jane Marcus’s feminist interpretation of Virginia Woolf’s Night and Day. Says that “the inverted structure of comedy, which could be rewritten in terms of Northrop Frye’s conception of romantic comedy, I urge, should be further historicized, thereby leading to the sociopolitical interpretation of class differences, not gender differences.” In Japanese. Nodelman, Perry. “Long Underwear and Christian Verse.” Children’s Literature Association Quarterly 11, no. 2 (Summer 1986): 54–7. Following Frye, argues that biblical and classical mythology should be a part of the canon of children’s literature anthologies.

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–  The Pleasures of Children’s Literature. 2nd ed. White Plains, NY: Longman, 1996. Includes a review of Frye and structuralist theory. Nogueira, Paulo Augusto de Souza. “Religião e linguagem: Proposta de articulação de um campo complexo” [“Religion and Language: A Proposal to Articulate Such a Complex Field”]. Horizonte 14, no. 42 (April–June 2016): 240–61. In Portuguese. Proposes to “explore the total metaphor and entanglements of the monomyth in the work of Northrop Frye in dialogue with the mythology of Eleazar Meletinsky.” Noh, Jeo-yong. “Oswald Spengler and T.S. Eliot.” T.S. Eliot Studies 17, no. 2 (December 2007): 171–97. In Korean. Nohmi, Ryuuo. “Tristram Shandy and Marriage.” Shimane University Faculty of Law (July 2000): 1–18. Notes that Frye sees Sterne’s Tristram Shandy as an anatomy in the tradition of the Menippean satire. Nohrnberg, James C. “The Master of the Myth of Literature: An Interpenetrative Ogdoad for Northrop Frye.” Comparative Literature 53, no. 1 (Winter 2001): 58–82. Extended and expansive review essay of Boyd and Salusinszky, Rereading Frye. Nong Seung Wook. “A Study of Myth in Choi InHoon’s Drama, Focusing on Northrop Frye’s Mythical Criticism.” Humanities Contents 31 (December 2013): 9–33. Aims to clarify the mythological and archetypal structure and the themes in Choi In-Hoon’s plays by analysing the mythos, which is the form of discourse in mythological and archetypal criticism suggested by Frye. Noorbakhsh, Fariba, and Fazel Asadi Amjad. “Sarah: The Historiographer of the Past and the Present of the French Lieutenant’s Woman.” Anafora—časopis za znanost o književnosti 2 (2016): 211–24. “Borrowing Northrop Frye’s theory of fiction, [Hayden] White identifies four major archetypal plot structures that are employed in the historians’ narratives: ‘romance, tragedy, comedy, and satire.’ By selecting the emplotment of romance, the historian shows that the success of the historical agent in his quests is achieved through his unequalled power. The satirical emplotment depicts the historical agents as ‘inferior, a captive of their world, and destined to a life of obstacles and negations.’ In the tragic emplotment, hamartia causes the fall of the hero, whereas the emplotment of comedy depicts the hero’s triumph over obstacles. No event is tragic or comic by nature. In White’s view, the historian selects a specific type of emplotment consistent with the episteme of his time of construction of historical explanation.”

Northover, Richard Alan. “Ecological Apocalypse in Margaret Atwood’s MaddAddam Trilogy.” Studia Neophilologica 18 (October 2015): 1–15. “Following Atwood’s comment about her work being informed by myths, this study applies Laurence Coupe’s complex theory of myth to her trilogy, including his alternative understandings of the term ‘apocalypse,’ not as final end but as permanent possibility. . . . Coupe identifies four main myths: creation, fertility, hero and deliverance. While each of these find various forms in the stories of the Bible, the entire Bible is structured by the creation and deliverance myths, the apocalypse offering both salvation from the fall and a renewed creation, the New Testament thereby rewriting the Old. Coupe also discusses the greater pattern of Northrop Frye’s mythic system, the myth of deliverance, with heaven above, hell below and earth in between, with its two kinds of symbolism: ‘apocalyptic’ and ‘demonic.’” Nowe, Johan. “Mann, 200 Jahre begraben: Versuch einer Anwendung der Literaturtheorie Northrop Fryes auf die Kebad-Kenya-Geschichte Hans Henny Jahnns” [Man, Buried for 200 Years: An Attempt by Northrop Frye to Apply the Theory of Literature to Hans Henny Jahnn’s Kebad-Kenya Story]. Colloquia Germanica, Internationale Zeitschrift fur Germanische Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft 7 (1973): 97–143. Nozick, Robert. Philosophical Explanations. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1981. 623. Sees Anatomy of Criticism as going beyond the mere classification of literary forms because, in spite of Frye’s non-evaluative stance, he is responding to literary values as values. Nunokawa, Jeff. “4113. “concealed from the reader.” In Note Book. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015. 111. Brief reflection on Frye’s statement in Anatomy of Criticism, that “in written literature both the author and his characters are concealed from the reader.” Nunokawa comments: “ —but not forever. The hunger for company sooner or later breaks through all the codes, ancient or modern, going or blocking its way.” From one of the brief essays that Nunokawa posts every day in the notes section of his Facebook page, this one from July 2012. Nuño, Ana. “Abolir la Intencion” [Abolishing the Intention]. Quimera Revista de Literatura (Barcelona) 150 (September 1996): 71–4. In Catalan. Frye took his first steps into the New Criticism, but then elaborated his own vision of literature, based on the idea of the continuity and the constant resonances of the texts. Nureski, Djuneis. Review of The Mythology of Apple and Ring, by Lenka Tatarovska. Journal of Balkan Libraries

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Union 2, no. 2 (November 2014): 6–7. Notes that such symbols as the apple and the ring belong to what Frye calls the “mythological universe,” which belongs to the Torah, just as it belongs to other mythological traditions. Nuttall, A.D. “Joke Book?” London Review of Books 11, no. 22 (23 November 1989): 18–19. Considers Frye’s view of Burton’s Anatomy of Melancholy. “It is indeed mildly ironic that Northrop Frye, who persuaded many people that The Anatomy of Melancholy was a joke, should nevertheless have named his own great conspectus of literature (which is surely at least 80 per cent serious) Anatomy of Criticism. The evident allusion to Burton seems simultaneously self-deprecating and thrasonical. This is a field in which ironies beget ironies. I recently attended a seminar at which Frye’s suggestion that all quest-romances are variants of the dragon-slaying story was debated. What, it was asked, of Casaubon in Middlemarch? Is he an oddly enfeebled dragon or a still feebler dragon-slayer? The answer came swiftly: ‘Neither, but rather Frye himself.’ For Casaubon is trying to write the Anatomy of Criticism (he called it The Key to All Mythologies). We may recall at this point that the first Casaubon—Isaac—was an immensely learned Continental contemporary of Burton. George Eliot’s sad heaper-up of undigested matter could also be seen, then, as Burton minus the humour.” Nutters, Daniel Rosenberg. “War on Earth: Edward Said and Romantic Literary History.” Symploke 25, nos. 1–2 (2017): 451–68. Said’s Beginnings “offers a historical poetics whose idiosyncratic vocabulary and use of Vico supplements the work of de Man, Hartman, Frank Kermode, Northrop Frye, Harold Bloom, and other Romantic revivalists.” Nyilasy, Balázs. “A frye-i fikciós módok, a románc és Arany János költészete” [Frye’s Fictional Modes: Romance and the Poetry of János Arany]. Irodalomtörténeti Közlemények 107, no. 1 (2003): 75–86. In Hungarian. Uses Frye’s theory of fictional modes with a special focus on the romance mode in the interpretation of the poetry of János Arany, a significant Hungarian poet and critic of the nineteenth century. –  “Northrop Frye a romance-ról és a regényről” [Northrop Frye on the Romance and the Novel]. In Northrop Frye 100: A Danubian Perspective, ed. Sára Tóth, Tibor Fabiny, János Kenyeres and Péter Pásztor. Budapest: KGRE–L’Harmattan, 2014. 62–71. Considers the basic ideas of Frye’s “summing-up work,” The Secular Scripture.

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O Obbink, Laura Apol. “Room for Blume and the Bard.” Iowa English Bulletin 38 (1990): 50–3. On Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism and adolescent literature. Obidič, Andrejka. “Margaret Atwood’s Postcolonial and Postmodern Feminist Novels with Psychological and Mythic Influences: The Archetypal Analysis of the Novel Surfacing.” Acta Neophilologica 50, nos. 1–2 (2017): 5–24. “The last part of the paper analyzes the author’s cult novel Surfacing (1972) according to Joseph Campbell’s and Northrop Frye’s archetypal/ myth criticism and it demonstrates that Atwood revises the biblical myth of the hero’s quest and the idealized world of medieval grail romances from the ironic prospective of the twentieth century, as it is typical of postmodernism.” O’Brian, John, and Peter White, eds. Beyond Wilderness: The Group of Seven, Canadian Identity, and Contemporary Art. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2007. Several of the contributors to this volume (Peter White, John O’Brian, Leslie Dawn, Scott Watson, and Dot Tuer) point to Frye’s writings on the Group of Seven and other Canadian landscape painters, especially those who confronted the wilderness. O’Brien, Peter. “‘Condominium Mentality’ in CanLit.” University of Toronto Bulletin (26 February 1990). Rpt. in Interviews, ed. O’Grady, 1036–9. Interview with O’Brien in which Frye responds to questions about John Ayre’s biography, Canadian literature, and contemporary criticism. O’Connell, Patrick F. “Mary Frances Coady, Merton and Waugh: A Monk, a Crusty Old Man and The Seven Storey Mountain.” Christianity & Literature 64, no. 4 (2015): 486–91. O’Connor, R. Eric. “Continuing Education, Continuing Inquiry,” “On Story in Relation to Questioning,” “What Does the Reader Do?” and “Northrop Frye and Romance.” In Curiosity at the Center of One’s Life: Statements and Questions of R. Eric O’Connor, ed. J. Martin O’Hara. Thomas More Institute Papers 84. Montreal: Thomas More Institute, 1987. 197–250. Charts O’Connor’s discovery of Frye and his growing enthusiasm for Frye’s theory of romance. Odak, Petar. “Književnost i društveno-humanističke znanosti: Sociologija, antropologija i historija između čitanja i pisanja” [Literature and Social Sciences and Humanities: Sociology, Anthropology and History between Reading and Writing]. Holon 1 (2016): 149–60.

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In Bosnian. Frye concluded that there is a limited number of tropes within which historical, just like literary, narration can be realized (and for Hayden White these structures are even more easily discernible in historiographical than in literary texts). It can be said that historians, no less than poets, achieve a narrative shape or pattern to their literary or historical plots. Odhiambo, Christopher. “Whose Nation? Romanticizing the Vision of a Nation in Bole Butake’s Betrothal without Libation and Family Saga.” Research in African Literatures 40, no. 2 (Summer 2009): 159–72. “Northrop Frye, as read in Jameson’s Political Unconscious, also reminds us of how literary vision exhibits itself, in his profound articulation of the romance genre. He observes that romance (read as vision) is a wish fulfillment or Utopian fantasy that aims at the transfiguration of the world of everyday life in such a way as to restore the conditions of some lost Eden, or to anticipate a future realm from which the old mortality and imperfections will have been effaced. . . . Characteristic of the romance genre, the two plays, as Frye would remind us, are structured figuratively on the binary oppositions of the struggle of higher and lower realms of existence, between heaven and hell, or the angelic and the demonic/diabolic.” Oelschlaeger, Max. Caring for Creation: An Ecumenical Approach to the Environmental Crisis. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994. Draws on the work of Frye to suggest that biblical tradition remains the vital “Great Code” of American culture. “[A]propos of the political process . . . religious discourse is the primary influence on the Western worldview, such as our beliefs that time is meaningful, that it is going somewhere, that there is a difference between right and wrong, good and evil. The Great Code, in other words, conditions the basic narrative that guides the community in its process of discussion. No specific meaning can be attached to the common good apart from the community and its story sources.” Oglesbee, Frank W. “Paradigm, Persona and Epideictic: The Lovesongs of Eurythmics.” Popular Music Society 13, no. 2 (1989): 47–66. Examines the lyrics of the love songs of the Eurythmics, a popular music group. Uses a method based on the James Chesbro study, which classifies lyrics according to Frye’s mythoi and Kenneth Burke’s four-step dramatistic process (Pollution, Guilt, Purification, Redemption). Then synthesizes Frye’s hierarchy, based on the relative intelligence and abilities of the central character compared to the audience, with Kenneth Burke’s behavioural processes.

O’Grady, Jean. “Biographical Appreciation.” In The Northrop Frye Quote Book, compiled by John Robert Colombo. Toronto: Dundurn, 2014. 9–18. –  “The Collected Works of Northrop Frye.” English Studies at Toronto, 1, no. 8 (Fall–Winter 2001): 1–2. A progress report on the thirty-volume project. –  “Epilogue” to O’Grady and Wang Ning, Northrop Frye, 180–3, and in Wang Ning and O’Grady, New Directions, 307–12. Comments on the Chinese reception of Frye. The volume of essays “provides a double mirror: the West and its critical theory is reflected in China, and China reflects back to the West the use it has made of it.” –  “Frye and the Church.” In Donaldson and Mendelson, Frye and the Word, 175–86. On Frye’s love/hate relationship with the United Church of Canada. –  “Frye and the East.” Northrop Frye Newsletter 9, no. 2 (Summer 2002): 14–15. Notice about forthcoming book, Northrop Frye: Eastern and Western Perspectives, ed. O’Grady and Wang Ning. –  “Introduction.” In Northrop Frye on Canada, ed. Jean O’Grady and David Staines. Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 12. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2003. xxxvi–xlviii. –  “Introduction.” In Northrop Frye’s Writings on Education, ed. Goldwin French and Jean O’Grady. Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 7. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000. xxxiv–lii. –  “Northrop Frye at Home and Abroad.” Northrop Frye Newsletter 8, no. 1 (Summer 1999): 22–32. On the contrast between Frye’s public and private personae and an overview of Frye’s theory of literature, including its social role. –  “Northrop Frye on Liberal Education.” In O’Grady and Wang Ning, Northrop Frye, 29–41, and in Wang Ning and O’Grady, New Directions, 75–94. On Frye’s views about liberal education, the role of literary studies, and the autonomy of the university. –  “The Poetic Frye.” Journal of Canadian Studies/Revue d’études canadiennes 34, no. 4 (Winter 2000): 15–26. Surveys the major achievements and international acclaim that give substance to Northrop Frye’s reputation as one of the most influential Canadians of the twentieth century. Points out, however, that Frye did not succeed in his project to establish criticism as a discipline with its own accepted axioms based on an acknowledgment of the unity of literature. Believes that Frye’s works may now be read, not so much as critical

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theory, but as imaginative creations approaching poetry, embodying an insight nourished by literature but focused on the human condition itself. –  “Re-Valuing Value.” In Rampton, Northrop Frye, 223– 43. This essay also presented as a paper at the Northrop Frye Festival, Moncton, NB, 25 April 2007. Available at http://www.frye.ca/english/northrop-frye/symposialectures/07-ogrady.html. On Frye’s theory of value judgments. For all he says to deprecate value judgments, Frye’s work is replete with judgments of value, which is related to a shift to the visionary in his later work. –  and Wang Ning, eds. Northrop Frye: Eastern and Western Perspectives. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2003. Fourteen essays, along with an introduction by Wang Ning and an epilogue by O’Grady. Most of the essays emerged from the conference on Frye at Inner Mongolia University, HohHot, China, in July 1999. The contents of the volume are quite similar to those in Northrop Frye: Eastern and Western Perspectives, ed. Wang Ning and Jean O’Grady (below), the North American edition of the conference proceedings. Oh, Kang-Nam. Review of Korean Shamanist Ritual: Symbols and Dramas of Transformation, by Daniel A. Kister. Acta Koreana 2 (1999): 156–9. “Chapter Seven explores the laughter and comedic elements that are indispensable in kut ritual. Kister examines the theories of such authorities as Baudelaire, Freud, Bergson, Nietzsche, Cassier and Northrop Frye, and claims that laughter as found in kut dramas transmutes woe into a surge of zestful triumph over life, brings the gods down to the level of human beings, and dissipates anxiety, fear and grief in the face of crises and death.” O’Hara, Daniel. “Against Nature: On Northrop Frye and Critical Romance.” The Romance of Interpretation: Visionary Criticism from Pater to de Man. New York: Columbia University Press, 1985. 147–204. Sees in Frye’s early work a dialectical opposition between a nihilistic view of nature, taking the form of a demonic feminine will, and an idealistic view of art, taking the form of an apocalyptic vision of freedom. Discovers in The Great Code, however, a different thrust: here the reader becomes the Apocalyptic Bride in the quest for a sublime identity. Argues that Frye’s theoretical system functions in the same way that Yeats’s A Vision does: it is “an obsessive quest for a prophetic literary identity” that takes the form of a critical romance. The romance of Frye’s career takes three phases: the agon of Fearful Symmetry, the pathos of Anatomy of Criticism and Frye’s subsequent practical and social criticism, and the anagnorisis of The Secular Scripture and The Great Code. Frye, therefore, has institutionalized criticism as

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a form of romance, which is an antithetical version of Nietzsche’s quest for identity. –  “Revisionary Madness: The Prospects of American Literary Theory at the Present Time.” Critical Inquiry 9 (June 1983): 726–42. Rpt. in O’Hara, Radical Parody: American Culture and Critical Agency after Foucault. New York: Columbia University Press, 1992. 113–29. Looks at the interpretive practices of Emerson and Frye as viable ways of doing criticism in an age of “revisionary madness,” represented by the recent opposition to literary theory. Sees in Frye’s essay “The Imaginative and the Imaginary” an argument for authentic creativity in literature and a defence of the imagination as a means for making more enlightened and freer human beings. Frye provides a rational, affirmative, and moral model of doing criticism. O’Hearn, Hubert. Review of Beautiful Pictures of the Lost Homeland, by Mia Gallagher. http://bythebookreviews. blogspot.com/2016/05/beautiful-pictures-of-losthomeland-by.html. “The only way I can really summarize this bold, experimental novel is by putting it in a context of two Canadian literary giants. Northrop Frye was one of the truly powerful analysts of storytelling in general and narrative fiction in particular. Frye’s core edict was that all stories—without exception mind you—are traveler’s tales of self-discovery. The main characters begin with a world and self-view of X and then after several things happen they end up as a somewhat different person Y.” Ohmann, Carol. “Northrop Frye and the MLA.” College English 32 (December 1970): 291–300. A response to the Modern Language Association’s awarding a prize to Rudolf B. Gottfried for an essay in which he attacks Frye’s archetypal criticism of Spenser. Argues that Gottfried’s essay is largely dependent on misunderstandings of Frye’s texts, on overemphasizing points that are minor to Frye, and on irrelevant argument. Goes on to say that the MLA’s commendation of Gottfried’s essay shows that the prevailing ethos of the organization is one that supports “professional specialization pursued apart from rather than integrated with the nature of society in which it flourishes or at least occurs.” –  “Reply to Rudolf B. Gottfried.” College English 33 (October 1971): 79–83. A response to Gottfried’s “Edmund Spenser and the NCTE,” which itself was a reply to Ohmann’s essay, “Northrop Frye and the MLA.” Reiterates the points of her defence of Frye and speaks out once more against the separation of scholarly and critical activity from matters of social and political relevance.

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Ohmann, Richard. Politics of Letters. Middleton, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1987. 107–10. Draws upon Frye’s idea of the radical of presentation, on which he bases his theory of genres in the Anatomy, but believes that the relationship between the poet and the public, which is for Frye the foundation of generic criticism, can lead us only to “the crudest discriminations if it is abstracted from history.” In order to understand the form of certain nonfictional prose works, Ohmann seeks, therefore, to extend Frye’s radical of presentation to include the social context. Oktapoda-Lu, Efstratia. “(D)écrire son pays ailleurs: Mythe et identité chez Ismaïl Kadaré” [Describe/Write Your Country Elsewhere: Myth and Identity in Ismaïl Kadaré]. Caietele Echinox 18 (2010): 175–85. In French. Draws on the generic terminology of Pierre Brunel and Frye in analysing the generic features of Kadaré’s work. Olafson, Frederick A. The Dialectic of Action: A Philosophical Interpretation of History and the Humanities. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979. 61–7. Argues, in the context of a discussion of universals in literature and historical understanding, that Frye’s theory of generic plot structures indicates certain repeatable patterns of action that are plotted along normative or moral coordinates. O’Leary, Peter. Thick and Dazzling Darkness: Religious Poetry in a Secular Age. New York: Columbia University Press, 2017. Notes the power of kerygmatic language as proposed by Frye in Words with Power. Oldenburg, Christopher J. Review of Reagan’s Mythical America: Storytelling as Political Leadership, by Jan Hanska. Presidential Studies Quarterly 44, no. 1 (March 2014): 188–90. “Hanska provides a compelling rationale that various conceptions of narrative theories are indeed appropriate lenses for examination. Those conceptions emerge from an impressive (and, at times, taxing) scope of critics, including Aristotle, Mikhail Bakhtin, Roland Barthes, Robert N. Bellah, Jonathan Culler, Jacques Derrida, Émile Durkheim, Northrop Frye, Gérard Genette, Fredric Jameson, Claude LéviStrauss, Jean-François Lyotard, Vladimir Propp, and Alexis de Tocqueville—who all appear and reappear as if characters in A Thousand and One Arabian Nights.” Oleksy, Elżbieta H. “Walker Percy’s Demonic Vision.” In Walker Percy: Novelist and Philosopher, ed. Jan Nordby and Karl-Heinz Westarp. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1991. 199–209. Olendorf, Donna. “Frye, (Herman) Northrop 1912–.” In Contemporary Authors (New Revision Series) 8, ed. Ann Evory and Linda Metzger. Detroit: Gale Research, 1983.

182–5. Lists biographical data about Frye, his career, and his writings, and provides some “sidelights” to his work, mainly by way of reaction to it from reviewers. Olive, David. Canada Inside Out: How We See Ourselves, How Others See Us. New York: Doubleday Canada, 2012. Walt Whitman, Marlene Dietrich, and Bill Clinton all have had admiring things to say about Canada. At the same time, some Canadian patriots—including Northrop Frye, Margaret Atwood, and Pierre Trudeau— have been harsh critics, as we see in a number of the 600 quotations Olive has assembled. Olluri, Adil. “Arketipi folklorik në romane bashkëkohore” [The Folk Archetype Contemporary Novels]. Gjurmime Albanologjike—Seria e shkencave filologjike 45 (2015): 241–57. Olschner, Leonard. “Fugal Provocation in Paul Celan’s ‘Todesfuge’ and ‘Engführung.’” German Life and Letters 43, no. l (October 1989): 79–89. “Northrop Frye suggests that the relation of allegory to counterpoint may be just as significant as literary imitation of musical forms. While ‘Engführung’ is not an allegorical text in the sense that ‘Todesfuge’ is, the close proximity of simultaneous meanings—one might indeed speak more accurately, in analogy’s trap, of counterpoint rather than of polyphony—implies a function of language not perceivable by the analysis of form, patterns of sound and rhythm, and repetitions of motif.” Olshin, Toby, A. “A Consideration of The Rock.” University of Toronto Quarterly 39, no. 4 (1970): 310–23. “It is my purpose here to ask for a new approach to The Rock and to clear the way through a threefold method: a gathering of evidence about the real nature of Eliot’s collaboration; a close textual study of the drama—especially the neglected prose passages—to identify the central theme; and a glance at the meaning of this theme in light of Eliot’s classification as a Romantic by both Northrop Frye and C.K. Stead.” (author’s abstract) Olson, David R. “The Mind on Paper: Reading, Consciousness and Rationality.” Interchange 49, no. 1 (February 2018): 147–51. “Northrop Frye is largely for the modern concept of criticism in which he distinguished literature from the science of literature. . . . In his early work Frye lamented the lack of a theory of criticism, a systematic science to which one could contribute.” Olson, Paul A. “Introduction: On Myth and Education.” In The Uses of Myth, ed. Paul A. Olson. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English, 1968. 1–15 [8–13]. An account of the examination of Frye’s theory of myth by a Dartmouth Seminar Study Group. Looks

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especially at Frye’s ideas about the monomyth, which Olson claims are based on shaky psychological and anthropological grounds and “constitute a potentially disastrous oversimplification of the business of literary education.” Olwig, Kenneth. “Place, Society and the Individual in the Authorship of St. Blicher.” In Omking Blicher 1974: Udgivet of Blicher-Selkabet. Copenhagen: Gyldendal, 1974. 65–115 [esp. 87–108]. On the social patterns in Blicher’s Roverstuen and Hosekrxmmeven, which are classified as comedy and tragedy respectively on the basis of Frye’s definitions. Omeje, Greg. “The Reconfiguration of Sisyphean Myth in Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea and Akwanya’s Orimili.” International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 8, no. 7 (2019): 86–91. “Uses the tool of archetypal criticism, from the perspectives of Northrop Frye, to examine discursive formations in literary texts.” Onega, Susanna, and Jean-Michel Ganteau. “Introduction.” In The Wounded Hero in Contemporary Fiction: A Paradoxical Quest. London: Routledge, 2018. Accept Frye’s thesis that the ironic mode has come full circle and that contemporary fiction has now entered a new mode. O’Neil, Mary Anne. Review of Twentieth-Century Humanist Critics from Spitzer to Frye, by William Calin. Philosophy and Literature 34, no. 1 (April 2010): 260–2. In part 1, devotes a chapter to each of eight humanist critics. Frye takes his place alongside Spitzer, Curtius, Auerbach, Beguin, Rousset, Lewis, and Mathiessen. “Frye’s most noteworthy contribution was his demonstration of the centrality of the Bible to Western literature, a belief which led him to formulate a cyclical view of literary history.” Ong, Walter J., Jr. “Evolution, Myth, and Poetic Vision.” Comparative Literature Studies 3, no. 1 (1966): 1–20 [2– 5]. Rpt. in Comparative Literature: Matter and Method, ed. A. Owen Aldridge. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1969. 308–27 [309–12]. Comments on Frye’s cyclic theory of archetypes in the course of exploring the basic issue between poetry and evolutionism, namely, the need in poetry, as in all art, for repetition. Remarks that Frye’s classification of archetypes is based on the natural cycle of the year: this is “something on the whole both real and powerful,” a cycle that touches not only poetic themes, imagery, and characters but also verbal and visual rhythm. –  Orality and Literacy: 30th Anniversary Edition. New York: Routledge, 2015. 13. Considers whether or

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not Frye’s word epos is sufficient to describe oral presentations of narratives. Onions, John. “Aldington and Williamson: The Ironic Mode.” English Fiction and Drama of the Great War, 1918–39. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1990. 68–83. “Two well-known literary figures made significant contributions to the war-books controversy by taking to extremes the ironic narrative mode already employed . . . by numerous war novelists. Richard Aldington’s two works, Death of a Hero (1929) and Roads to Glory (1930), together with Henry Williamson’s The Patriot’s Progress (1930), constitute examples, in their different ways, of what Northrop Frye terms ‘naive irony’: they draw attention to themselves and to their highly egocentric natures. They invite the reader to share their self-conscious satire on human folly. Certainly Death of a Hero and The Patriot’s Progress are two of the most overtly bitter attacks on the social hero which came out of the war boom.” Onofrei, Paula-Anderson. “Critical Theories: Henry James as Seen by Northrop Frye and David Lodge.” Logos Universalitate Mentalitate Educatie Noutate—Sectiunea Filosofie si Stiinte umaniste 1 (2011): 417–28. An attempt to uncover the literary ideas that Henry James, Frye, and David Lodge introduced to criticism. Opačić, Petar. “Kristalizacija mita i zbilje u poeziji Petra Gudelja” [Crystalization of Myth and Reality in Petar Gudelj’s Poetry]. Motrišta 36 (2007): 73–88. In Bosnian. Records Frye’s observation that the whole corpus of literature contains in fact a relatively limited number of formulas, ones that we find in primitive cultures. Oprea, Evelina. “Ars legendi” [Art Legends]. Revista Vatra 8 (2008): 79–80. In Romanian. Quotes Frye on the things that distinguish history and myth. Opreanu, Lucia. “Identity Coordinates in David Lodge’s Academic Trilogy.” University of Bucharest Review: Literary and Cultural Studies Series 2 (2007): 20–5. Notes that Morris Zapp, one of Lodge’s protagonists, is modelled on Frye. Oria, Beatriz. “What’s Love Got to Do with It? Sex and the City’s Comic Perspective on Sex.” Journal of Popular Culture 47, no. 2 (April 2014): 381–97. Uses Frye’s theory of comedy to examine the conventions of Sex in the City. “Northrop Frye identifies two main tendencies in comedy: one consisting ‘of comic irony, satire, realism, and studies of manners’ and the other of ‘Shakespearean and other types of romantic comedy.’ The former has a more social dimension, since its laughter often ridicules social mores. It requires an ironic distancing from the embarrassing and laughable.

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This kind of comedy can be traced to Aristophanes’s plays in fifth-century BC Athens. Frye emphasizes the reconciliatory potential of this form of comedy and its more ‘utopian’ dimension: its impulse towards the harmony and joy inherent in the happy ending’s potential for romantic fulfillment.” O’Rourke, Fran. “Joyce’s Early Aesthetic.” Journal of Modern Literature 34, no. 2 (2011): 97–120. “Northrop Frye remarks that Hegel ‘is not the kind of source one looks for in Joyce.’ Joyce shares Hegel’s totalizing spirit, but not at the cost of sacrificing the minutiae of everyday experience. In this respect, Joyce’s outlook is diametrically opposite to that of Hegel and closer to Wittgenstein’s.” Osborn, Michael. “Progeny of Personification: Metaphors of Disease and Rebirth.” In Michael Osborn on Metaphor and Style. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2018. “I have already blushed over my assertion in the light–dark essay that archetypal metaphor does not change from one generation and one culture to another. The groundings of that claim may lie in my early readings in Northrop Frye and in my initial emphasis on metaphors of light and darkness, which have indeed varied little in frequency and form of meaning over the last several millennia.” For Frye on the journey, see Osborn’s chapter entitled “Space and Power: Vertical and Horizontal Orientations in a Rhetorical Universe.” Osmond, Humphry. “Psychic Prophets: The Letters of Aldous Huxley and Humphry Osmond.” In Aldous Huxley and Humphry Osmond, ed. Cynthia Carson Bisbee et al. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2018. “The fact is that any policy, however mean and incomplete, is better than none. A bad policy can always be corrected. Indeed it asks to be corrected. No policy puts the critic at a grave disadvantage—he has nothing to bite on. Northrop Frye puts the matter well in his book on Blake, ‘It is the business of imagination to force all falsehood into a denial of truth, to show error as error and to clarify it by reducing the neutral ground.’ I hope that we shall reduce some of that miasmic neutral ground which has been a barrier between the mental hospitals and the public, far more effective than high walls or iron bars.” Ospina, Alfredo Laverde. “Reflexiones en torno al discurso estético literario: Una lectura de Crónica de una muerte anunciada de Gabriel García Márquez” [Reflections on Literary Aesthetic Discourse: A Reading of Chronicle of a Foretold Death by Gabriel García Márquez]. Lingüística y Literatura 72 (July–December 2017): 192– 223. In Spanish. Calls on Frye’s conception of the tragic mode to interpret Marquez’s Crónica.

Ostendorf, Bernhard. “Northrop Frye.” In Der Mythos in der Neuen Welt: Eine Untersuchung zum amerikanischen Myth Criticism [Myth in the New World: An Inquiry into American Myth Criticism]. Frankfurt am Main: Thesen Verlag, 1971. 140–1. In German. A critique of practically the whole of Frye’s critical theory. Sees Anatomy of Criticism as regressing to the “dogmas of pre-established mythology,” as “two-dimensional” and fossilized. Claims that because of Frye’s inattentiveness to historical perspective and his neglect of temporal reality, his criticism cannot count for the uniqueness of literature. Because Frye stands too far back from literature, his theory is abstract, reductive, medieval. Ostrowski, Donald. “A Metahistorical Analysis: Hayden White and Four Narratives of ‘Russian’ History.” Clio 19, no. 3 (Spring 1990): 215–36. On White’s derivation of his metahistorical construct from Frye, Burke, Mannheim, and Popper. Osumi, Hideo. “The Notion ‘Archetype’: Northrop Frye and German Hermeneutics.” Eigo bungaku sekai [The English Literary World]. 11 (February 1969): 22–5. In Japanese. O’Toole, Roger. “Myth, Magic and Religion in Secular Literature: The Canadian Case.” Journal of Contemporary Religion 10, no. 3 (October 1995): 297–307. Otto, Peter. “Looking “thro . . . & not with” the Eye: From Romanticism to the Counter Culture, Rock and Roll, and the Anthropocene.” European Romantic Review 31, no. 1 (2020): 67–74. –  “Organizing the Passions: Minds, Bodies, Machines, and the Sexes in Blake and Swedenborg.” European Romantic Review 26, no. 3 (May 2015): 367–77. “It is still commonly assumed in Blake studies that . . . the imagination will eventually step forward and dispatch both reason and the abstract order it has imposed. On this point, Northrop Frye’s Fearful Symmetry can still be taken as the authority: ‘If man perceived is a form or image, man perceiving is a former or imaginer, so that “imagination” is the regular term used by Blake to denote man as an acting and perceiving being. That is, a man’s imagination is his life.’ But if we put to one side the specialized sense in which Blake uses this term in his later poetry, there is no reason to assume that imagination is any more or less isomorphic with human life than desire or reason or the senses. In fact, when the world-forming imagination invoked by Frye becomes a primary figure in Blake’s poetry, it is most commonly associated with Los.” Ouedraogo, Alidou, and Vivi Koffi. “Managing Creativity and Innovation in the Cultural Industries: Evidence

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from Three Cultural Organizations in Canada.” Management Review: An International Journal 13, no. 2 (Winter 2018): 34–60. On the bilingual Northrop Frye Festival, a literary event, held annually in Moncton, NB, Frye’s home town, since 1999. Some 15,000 to 17,000 people attend each year. Oumarou, Chaibou E. “Symbols of Leadership and Conceptions of Power in Hausa Literature: An Intertextual Reading of a Dodo Folktale and a Popular Song.” Tydskrif Vir Letterkunde 42, no. 2 (2005): 33–48. This “article presents a brief exploration of the interface between the collective or ancestral archetype of the ‘Dodo,’ symbolizing destructive power in Hausa tales and the more individual interpretation and stylistic concerns of a contemporary popular singer, Ali Na Maliki, addressing, at another level, the subject of power and leadership portrayed by the traditional chief.” Focuses on the symbol as image—an approach to symbols which, in Frye’s words, begins with images of actual things like a tree and the sun and works outwards to ideas and propositions.” Oustinoff, Roman. “Jakobson et la traduction des textes bibliques” [Jakobson and the Translation of Biblical Texts]. Archives de sciences sociales des religions 54, no. 147 (July–September 2009): 61–80. In French. Frye’s idea on the force or process that translation translates. Owen, Mark B. “‘Of Here and Everywhere’: Dynamic Spatial Perspectives in Twelfth Night.” Shakespeare 13, no. 3 (July 2017): 258–70. Owens, Craig. “The Allegorical Impulse: Toward a Theory of Postmodernism.” October 12 (Spring 1980): 67–86. Agrees with Frye that allegorical works tend to prescribe the direction of their own commentary. Owens-Murphy, Katie. “Genres in Contest.” Lyrical Strategies: The Poetics of the Twentieth-Century American Novel. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 2018. Devotes a section to Frye’s definition of the lyric in his theory of genres. –  “Modernism and the Persistence of Romance.” Journal of Modern Literature 34, no. 4 (Summer 2011): 48–62. “In a literary-historical period that is often characterized as demystified, disenchanted and disillusioned, it seems unlikely that many writers would make use of romance, a literary mode that explicitly relies on the magical and fantastical. Yet romance remained attractive precisely because it contains what modern reality does not: the promise of adventure, a well-defined goal and purpose, a harmonious ending. . . . According to Northrop Frye, whose Anatomy of Criticism provides the most exhaustive account of romance to date, those

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conventions include the presence of magic and the suspension of ‘the ordinary laws of nature,’ heroes with extraordinary capabilities, ‘sequential and processional’ action culminating in a quest, a conflict involving a clear protagonist and antagonist and the ultimate ‘exaltation of the hero’ signifying the restoration of peace and order.” Owoeye, Omolara Kikelomo. “Gender Pride as Tragic Flaw in Sophocles’ Antigone.” Journal of Research in Gender Studies 1 (2012): 101–14. “The dominant critical perception of the conflict in Antigone is that which sees it as one of the State, represented in the personality of King Creon, against the individual—Antigone. The tussle between Antigone and Creon has often been construed as one between political authority and individual conscience (Northrop Frye).” Oxford Companion to Canadian Literature. 2nd ed. Ed. Eugene Benson and William Toye. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1997. The main entry for “Frye, Northrop” is written by George Woodcock (see below). Frye’s place in Canadian literature is reinforced by the fact he is mentioned in some forty of the entries in the Oxford Companion. Oziewicz, Marek. “Joseph Campbell’s ‘New Mythology’ and the Rise of Mythopoeic Fantasy.” AnaChronisT 1 (2007). On Frye’s place in myth criticism in relation to that of Jung, Campbell, and Eliade. –  “Twentieth-Century Rehabilitation of Myth and the Search for a New Story.” Chap. 4 of Oziewicz’s One Earth, One People: The Mythopoeic Fantasy Series of Ursula K. Le Guin, Lloyd Alexander, Madeleine L’Engle and Orson Scott Card. Jefferson, NC: McFarland and Co., 2008. 91–117. P Pacey, Desmond. “The Course of Canadian Criticism.” In Literary History of Canada: Canadian Literature in English, vol. 3, 2nd ed., ed. Carl F. Klinck. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1976. 16–31 [24–8]. On the role Frye has played in the criticism of Canadian literature. –  Essays in Canadian Criticism: 1938–68. Toronto: Ryerson, 1969. 202–5, 211. An account of the influence of Frye upon a group of Canadian poets, including James Reaney and Jay Macpherson. Sees Canadian criticism coming of age in Frye’s “brilliantly creative” work, but objects to the implication by the “Frye school of poets” that “poetry is now being led by criticism, rather than vice versa.”

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Pacheco Pinto, Marta. “(Dis)Quieting the Canon: A Book Review Article of New Work by Fishelov and Papadema, Damrosch, and D’Haen.” Comparative Literature and Culture Web 14, no. 1 (2012). 8 pp. “Zakaria Fatih addresses in ‘The Literary Canon and its Religious Precursor’ [one of the essays in The Canonical Debate Today] the importation of the canon from religion into literary studies and contends that the intrinsic relationship between religion and literature has always been at the heart of dynamics in canon formation. Special emphasis is given to Northrop Frye, and Fatih’s discussion revolves around the definition of a classic (e.g., Sainte-Beuve, Eliot), which holds the status of a sacred text.” Padilla-Petry, Paulo, et al. “Let’s Begin with Ourselves: Attempting Resonance Responses in the Exchange of Researchers’ Professional Autobiographies.” Journal of Curriculum Studies 46, no. 6 (March 2014): 819–38. “As resonance is about the metaphorical relationship established between two stories, the concept of metaphor is a highly relevant one. [Carola] Conle takes Northrop Frye’s concept of metaphor as a starting point, although Conle states that, for her, it is not the metaphor that stays but our ‘thinking process that moves metaphorically’. She rejects the idea of ‘readymade metaphors in the back of our minds’: instead she values more the metaphorical processes rather than the metaphors themselves.” Pădureţu, Sanda. “Theory of the Novel. A Historical Approach.” Annales Universitatis Apulensis. Series Philologica 2 (2007): 141–6. “Why has the theory of the narrative mode proved more compelling, in the last few decades, than the theory of the novel genre? Northrop Frye gives one answer to this question by suggesting that the dominance of the novel in modern times has resulted in a ‘novel-centered view of prose fiction’ by which diverse narrative forms are reduced to the single, culturally normative model of the novel. His own ‘theory of genres’ seeks to remedy this imbalance by situating the lesser, generic category within the encompassing category of mode. Frye’s usage is unusual; he employs the term ‘genre’ to refer to what we would call the ‘mode’ of narrative (or ‘prose fiction’), whereas the novel he designates a ‘species’ of that genre (or ‘genus’). The procedure by which Frye elaborates the several sorts of narrative is based on the salutary principle that texts should be judged according to ‘the categories to which they belong.” Page, Joanna. Creativity and Science in Contemporary Argentine Literature: Between Romanticism and Formalism. Calgary: University of Calgary Press,

2014. Argues that Guillermo Martínez’s La mujer del maestro embodies views closely aligned with formalist ideas on the creative act as an act of discovery and assimilation, as those ideas have been articulated by Frye. Pagetti, Carlo. “La critica angloamericana della fantascienza” [Anglo-American Science Fiction Criticism]. In Mondi interior: Storia della fantascienza, ed. Alexei and Cory Panshin. Milan: Edizioni Nord, 1977. In Italian. –  “Il fantastico critico” [The Fantastic Critic]. L’Indice no. 10 (October 1987). In Italian. –  “Frye cittadino di utopia” [Frye, Citizen of Utopia]. In Lombardo, Ritratto, 235–44. In Italian. Notes that Frye’s main contribution to the study of utopia and science fiction is his awareness that the ludic and visionary dimensions of romance are central to an understanding of the connection between the myths of the past and today’s apocalyptic vision. – “The Tempest come modello archetipico della Science Fiction” [The Tempest as an Archetypal Model of Science Fiction]. In SH/SF. Da Shakespeare alla Science Fiction: Percosi della cultura inglese, ed. Carlo Pagetti. In Italian. Pescara: Libreria dell’Università, 1985. –  “Twenty-Five Years of Science Fiction Criticism in Italy (1953–1978).” Science Fiction Studies 6, no. 3 (November 1979). https://www.depauw.edu/sfs/ review_essays/pagett19.htm. “In recent years the growth of critical consciousness [about science fiction] has been also favored by the translation of French and English texts, although the more advanced work of Ketterer, Scholes, and Suvin has up to now escaped the recognition it deserves. In this sense, one can consider encouraging, though a bit peripheral, the translation of Northrop Frye’s The Secular Scripture, with an interesting introduction by Giovanna Capone: in his preface to the Italian edition Frye mentions ‘contemporary SF’ as one of the main fields of reference in the book.” Paglia, Camille, and Gunter Axt. “Falando sobre a tradição intelectual norte-americana, Liberdade de expressão e educação com Camille Paglia” [Talking about the American Intellectual Tradition, Freedom of Speech and Education with Camille Paglia]. Interfaces Brasil/ Canada 18, no. 3 (2018): 193–214. In Portuguese. In an interview with Paglia, Gunter Axt asks, “What do you think about the current legacy of Northrop Frye’s work?” Paglia replies: “Northrop Frye was a titanic figure during my college and postgraduate years, and it is shocking how quickly his work was swept away

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by the influx of post-structuralism. In retrospect, Frye certainly represented the high point of criticism in the mid-twentieth century. I mentioned that in passing in The North American Intellectual Tradition, but I did not include Frye because he was not a social theorist in itself: he saw literature as a self-centered system whose only precursor was religion.” Pagnucco, Nicholas D. “Competing Narrations of Service Learning within the Chronicle of Higher Education.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Philadelphia, 12 August 2005. Looks at the cultural narratives within The Chronicle of Higher Education to see how service learning is narrated. From seventy-five articles in the Chronicle, discovers three distinct narratives, which are characterized, following Frye’s mythoi, as romantic, tragic, and ironic. Paine, Charles. “Relativism, Radical Pedagogy, and the Ideology of Paralysis.” College English 51 (October 1989): 557–70 [566–7]. Claims that Frye’s view of literary culture in The Educated Imagination, which “proposes something like a criticism machine” for punching out interpretations, does not account for the relation between the imaginative and material worlds. Frye reifies the “imaginative system.” Pajer, Flavio. “L’educare e il credere tra vecchie e nuove utopie” [Education and Faith between Old and New Utopias]. The Person and the Challenges: The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II 1 (2011): 89–98. In Italian. “It remains undeniable that the Bible has historically played the role of ‘great code’ of European culture (Northrop Frye), but the issue is to understand if and to what extent the Bible can inspire a social practice today and a politics that satisfies.” Pakier, Małgorzata. “‘Postmemory,” jako figura refleksyjna w popularnym dyskursie o Zagładzie” [“Postmemory” as a Reflexive Trope in Popular Discourse about the Holocaust]. Kwartalnik Historii Żydów 214 (2005): 195–208. In Polish. Paley, Morton D. The Continuing City: William Blake’s “Jerusalem.” Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983. 24–7 and passim. Comments on the central position that Frye’s exposition of Jerusalem has had in understanding the poem—particularly Frye’s demonstration of the poem’s coherence. –  “James Barry as Rintrah in William Blake’s Milton.” Notes and Queries 61, no. 4 (2014): 494–7. “When first mentioned in Milton, Rintrah wields the Plow of the apocalyptic Great Harvest, and Palamabron drives the Harrow, both implements created by the Sons of

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Los, of whom they are two. After Satan’s catastrophic mishandling of the Harrow and his consequent accusation of Palamabron as culpable, Rintrah ‘In indignation. for Satans soft dissimulation of friendship! / Flam’d above all the plowed furrows, angry red and furious.’ A fierce battle ensues, to end which ‘Palamabron called down a Great Solemn Assembly’, with the result that ‘Judgment . . . fell on Rintrah and his rage.’ Should the reader concur with its judgement? As some of Blake’s best critics [including Frye] have seen, there is reason to appeal against the verdict.” Pálinkás, Katalin. Review of Theory of the Lyric, by Jonathan Culler. HJEAS: Hungarian Journal of English and American Studies 24, no. 1 (2018): 231–4. “In the chapter somewhat misleadingly entitled ‘Lyric Structure,’ Culler discusses Northrop Frye’s melos and opsis (sound patterning and visual patterning), the ritualistic-fictional tension, and the lyric present.” Palmer, Bryan D. “Canadian Studies at the Crossroads, Again!” Journal of Canadian Studies 51, no. 1 (Winter 2017): 10–36. “There are, of course, Canadian theorists aplenty, and their contributions, on national and international stages, are prodigious, as is evident in the influence and deserved reputations of such figures as Harold Adams Innis and Northrop Frye. [Ian] Angus himself has contributed mightily to this Canadianization of theory, as have others. That said, theory is not inherently national (as both Innis and Frye established), and no national particularity necessarily demands that its analysis be drawn only from its internal experience (if there is or ever has been such an isolated process).” Palmieri, David. “The Philosopher and the Literary Critic: Eric Voegelin and Northrop Frye.” http://www.artsci. lsu.edu/voegelin/EVS/2004%20Papers/Palmieri2004. htm. Combines Voegelin’s “theory of consciousness” and Frye’s “mythological universe” to analyse a corpus of about thirty Québécois and American poems. Pálsson, Hermann, and Paul Edwards. “Introduction.” In Gongu-Hrolf’s Saga. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1980. 7–11. Examine the structure of this Icelandic saga in light of Frye’s observations about the structure of romance. Find that the “narrative conforms in essentials to Frye’s pattern for romance fiction.” Panaro, Cleonice. “Sulla ‘Teoria allegoristica’ di Frye” [On Frye’s Theory of Allegory]. In Canada ieri e oggi, ed. Giovanni Bonanno. Fasano: Schena Editore, 1986. In Italian. On Frye’s theory of allegory. Panayotidis, E. Lisa, and Paul Stortz. “Intellectual Space, Image, and Identities in the Historical Campus: Helen Kemp’s Map of the University of Toronto, 1932.” Journal

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of the Canadian Historical Association/Revue de la Société historique du Canada 15, no. 1 (2004): 123–52. A careful reading of the somewhat whimsical map that Helen Kemp, Frye’s girlfriend, drew of the University of Toronto campus when they were students at Victoria College. Panczová, Helena. “Obrazy žien u Gregora Nysského” [Images of Women in Gregory of Nyssa]. Studia theologica 4 (2018): 51–69. In Slovak. On what depth psychology can reveal about the myths that have emerged from the studies of cultural anthropology and from literary critics of the Bible, particularly Frye’s The Great Code and Words with Power. Pandey, S.K. “Humanistic Structuralism and Beyond.” Research Scholar 4, no. 1 (February 2016): 330–2. Contrasts Frye’s humanistic structuralism with Derrida’s deconstruction. Pandeya, S.M. “Sociology and Criticism: Social Context and Literary Theory in America.” In Twentieth-Century American Criticism: Interdisciplinary Approaches, ed. Rajnath. New Delhi: Arnold-Heinemann, 1977. Examines Frye’s views on advertising and propaganda (along with those of Irving Babbit and T.S. Eliot) and the effect that these forces have had upon his literary theory, especially as it is developed in The Critical Path. Panjeta, Lejla. “Artificijelna katarza” [Artificial catharsis]. ODJEK—Revija za umjetnost, nauku i društvena pitanja 3–4 (2001): 89–92. In Croatian. “That’s it. There is no opinion on it, no arbitrariness, no discussion. End. This is how the natural sciences work. 1? + 1? = X? This is what a mathematical visualization of the definition of art and art looks like. At the center of the subject is almost always society and lies. We all know that a myth is a lie, but we believe it because in a work of art mythos is an attempt to give meaning and significance to reality. Art, as a creation of the mind (mind-creation), is the meaningful lying or devising of the artificial, which aims to bring out the truths about the reality that surrounds us and arouses energy flows in our emotions, subconscious or conscious behavior and actions.” –  “Theory of Styles: A Note on the Ideas of T.S. Eliot, Northrop Frye and Mammata.” In Essays and Studies: Festschrift in Honour of Prof K. Viswanatham, ed. G.V.L.N. Sarma. Machilipatnam, India: Triven, 1977. 95–101. Finds a correspondence between the theories of style developed by Eliot, Frye, and the Sanskrit critic Mammata. Points out that Eliot’s “ordonnance,” “words,” and “relevant intensity” are similar to Frye’s categories of “melos,” “opsis,” and “mood,” which in turn correspond to Mammata’s categories, especially

sabdaarthau (word and sense) and sagunau (relevant intensity). Papp, Ágnes Klára. “A traumából születő szó” [A Word Born of Trauma]. Hungarológiai Közlemények 2 (2018): 1–25. In Hungarian. Calls on Frye’s principle of existential metaphor. Papp, Barbara. “‘Magvető vagyok’ (Egy parasztember identitásai)” [‘I am a seed sower’: The Identities of a Peasant]. AETAS-Történettudományi folyóirat 3 (2008): 128–40. In Hungarian. Frye says that the poet’s job is to get down as much as possible as the poem is brought into the world and then to insure the poem’s unconditional independence from the moment it is born. Pandini, Giancarlo. “Narratori del “fantastico” nel novecento italiano” [Narrators of the “Fantastic” in the Italian Twentieth Century]. Forum Italicum: A Journal of Italian Studies 17, no. 1 (2016): 13–28. In Italian. Panero, James. “Sorry, Writers, but I’m Siding with Google’s Robots.” Wall Street Journal (8 February 2014): A.17. “At the start of 2014, Duke Law School’s Center for the Study of the Public Domain published a list of books that would be entering the public domain under the laws that existed through 1978. For works ranging from Jack Kerouac’s On the Road to Dr. Seuss’s Cat in the Hat ‘you would be free to translate these books into other languages, create Braille or audio versions for visually impaired readers . . . or adapt them for film.’ Too bad: Under current law, you can’t. ‘Poetry can only be made out of other poems; novels out of other novels,’ wrote the critic Northrop Frye. ‘Literature shapes itself, and is not shaped externally.’ The freedom to work with a renewed public domain should be our inheritance—if only we stopped Mickey Mousing around with copyright.” Pao, Maria T. “Why George? Hagiographic Elements in Matute’s Primera memoria.” Neophilologus 98 (2014): 77–94. Notes Frye’s use of forza (violence) and froda (fraud) in Dante’s Divine Comedy as representing the tension lying at the heart of literature. Paolucci, Anne, and Henry Paolucci. “Canada’s ‘Two Solitudes’: Foci of a National Eclipse.” In Review of National Literatures, vol. 7, ed. Anne Paolucci. New York: Griffon House, 1976. Examines Frye’s critique of A.J.M. Smith’s theory of Canadian poetry. Although Frye’s essay “Canada and Its Poetry” hailed Smith’s Book of Canadian Poetry as an important event, he “wholly rejected Smith’s notion that deliberate cultivation or critical acceptance of a cosmopolitan attitude is an adequate alternative for the extremes of colonialism.”

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Papahagi, Adrian. “Calaban: Ideology Meets Irony.” Studia UBB Philologia 61 (2016): 135–46. “As Northrop Frye noted, ill-treated and despised Caliban is never denied his dignity, even when everyone in the play calls him the most unflattering names.” –  “More Ado about ‘Nothing’ in King Lear.” Analele Universităţii Ovidius din Constanţa. Seria Filologie 1 (2016): 155–70. “Lear’s way to himself begins with his becoming politically nothing. He must now become humanly nothing, like Poor Tom. This process happens far from civilisation, by night and storm—themselves negations of light and order, and thus forms of menacing ‘nothing.’ In the comedies, nature (and particularly forests) signify natural order, the soothing ‘green world’ described by Northrop Frye, in which the pairs of As You Like It and A Midsummer Night’s Dream find refuge. The ‘green world’ is a realm where natural order can be restored, and it is normally abandoned once harmony has been re-established.” Paparella, Emanuel. “In Praise of Northrop Frye: A Giant of Literary Criticism.” Ovi (8 September 2010). https:// www.ovimagazine.com/art/6225. Compares Frye’s visionary power to that of Vico and Blake. Papazian, Elizabeth A. “In the Captivity of Words: Karel Poláček’s Jewish Stories and Anecdotes.” East European Jewish Affairs 34, no. 1 (2004): 38–57. “Northrop Frye defines the hero of his ironic mode as one who is ‘inferior in power or intelligence to ourselves, so that we have the sense of looking down on a scene of bondage, frustration, or absurdity,’ even if we identify (as is often the case) with his predicament. The mode of ironic comedy ranges from melodrama and detective stories to the comedy of manners and satire and has as its common denominator the master theme of driving the scapegoat (the hero of this mode) out of society. Frye specifically mentions not only Chaplin’s film persona but also Hašek’s Švejk and Kafka’s Josef K.” Paradis, Ken. “Romance Narrative in Conservative Evangelical Homiletic.” Northrop Frye Weblog, McMaster University, posted 14 July 2010 [Frye’s birthday]. https://macblog.mcmaster.ca/fryeblog/ romance-narrative-in-conservative-evangelicalhomiletic/#_ednref23. An excerpt from “Homiletic Reading and Popular Fiction, or, Why the fuss about The Da Vinci Code?” “This excerpt historicizes some of the reading practices and assumptions invoked by contemporary evangelical readers of popular fiction. Frye shows up toward the end of the section, but his work—especially, of course, The Great Code and the first half of Words with Power but also the discussions of the social functions of romance in The Secular Scripture and

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the Anatomy—was in the back of my mind for much of it.” (from Paradis’s abstract) Paraíso, Isabel. “Crítica arquetípica: La estructura demónica en el tema del doble” [Archetypal Criticism: The Demonic Structure in the Theme of the Double]. Revista de Filología Hispánica 25, no. 1 (2009): 69–81. In Spanish. Examines the motif of the double in connection with Frye’s principle of demonic structure, relating it to Freud and Rank. Pardo García, Pedro Javier. “Consideraciones sobre la teoría del desplazamiento de Northrop Frye” [Considerations of Frye’s Theory of Displacement]. Contextos 21–2 (1993): 291–316. In Spanish. –  “El romance como concepto crítico-literario” [Romance as a Critical-Literary Concept]. Hesperia 2 (1999): 79–114. In Spanish. Bases his investigation of the term “romance” on Frye’s definition. –  “Spanish Speculations on the Rise of the English Novel: The Romantic, the Picaresque and the Quixotic.” Comparative Critical Studies 12, no. 1 (2015): 49–69. Paris, Bernard J. Character and Conflict in Jane Austen’s Novels: A Psychological Approach. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1978. Uses the theories of Frye to analyse the comic structures of Austen’s novels. Park, Sangyil. Korean Preaching, Han, and Narrative. New York: Peter Lang, 2008. Park notes Frye’s understanding of Aristotle’s anagnorisis and his own with its emphasis on recognition. Park, William. “How Literature Reveals Intelligent Design.” Mercator.net. http://www.mercatornet.com/ articles/how_james_bond_reveals_intelligent_design/. An overview of Frye’s critical principles as our best guide in escaping from ideological positions and arriving at an explanation of the intelligent design of literature’s eternal structures. Parker, Patricia. “Anagogic Metaphor: Breaking Down the Wall of Partition.” In Centre and Labyrinth: Essays in Honour of Northrop Frye, ed. Eleanor Cook et al. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1983. 38–58. Explores the connection between anagogic or copular metaphor, as defined by Frye in Anatomy of Criticism, and the breaking down of walls of partition in Shakespeare and Emily Bronte. –  “Shakespeare and the Bible: The Comedy of Errors.” Recherches sémiotics/Semiotic Inquiry 13, no. 3 (1993): 47–72. Looks at the way that the Bible is a “great code” for understanding The Comedy of Errors, but then

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examines the ways that Shakespeare’s play undercuts the authority of the Bible. –  “What’s a Meta-Phor?” In Denham and Willard, Visionary Poetics, 113–35. Compares Frye’s conception of metaphorical identity (“A is B”) with de Man’s post-Nietzschean wariness about such identifications. Examines their common debt to Mallarmé, but also notes the diverging directions in the formalist tradition the two critics have taken regarding Mallarmé’s poetry. Argues that Frye’s view of metaphorical identity as “hypothetical” retains a temporal, dynamic, and revolutionary element that extends the vision of the function of metacriticism and the role of the critic in society. Parkin, John. Humor Theorists of the Twentieth Century. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 1997. Examines the theory of humour in Frye and six other writers. Parks Canada. News Release. “The Government of Canada Recognizes the National Historic Importance of Northrop Frye.” 6 December 2018. “On behalf of the Government of Canada, I am pleased to commemorate the national historic significance of Northrop Frye. Frye was an intellectual force. His ideas about education, literature, and Canadian culture were invaluable contributions to our national identity. Historic designations reflect Canada’s rich and varied history and I encourage all Canadians to learn more about Frye and his important contributions to Canada’s heritage.”—The Honourable Carolyn Bennett, Minister of CrownIndigenous Relations and Member of Parliament for Toronto–St. Paul’s. Parks, Henry B. “Tolkien and the Critical Approach to Story.” In Tolkien: New Critical Perspectives, ed. Neil D. Isaacs and Rose Zimbardo. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1981. 133–49 [136–45]. Compares and contrasts Tolkien’s understanding of the concept of story with Frye’s. Parksepp, Tõnis. “Aliens in Love: Testing Bloom’s Theory of the Anxiety of Influence.” Interlitteraria 2 (2018): 247–62. “Bloom’s writings somewhat overlap with Northrop Frye’s archetypal criticism and can be (mis) read as just another account of the evolution of genre conventions. But the way in which Bloom describes the tradition is utterly different from Frye or any other contemporaries of him. In accordance with the anxiety of influence, the literary tradition is a textual battleground where all the tropes agonistically and antithetically rival each other.” Parr, James A. “Don Quixote: Translation and Interpretation.” Philosophy and Literature 24,

no. 2 (October 2000): 387–405. “If all of Western philosophy is a series of footnotes to Plato, as some wit has proposed, it must also be true that much of Western narrative since 1615 is a series of palimpsests, tracings upon (without ever effacing or obscuring) a true original, the text of Don Quixote. In all of these anticipations, both generic and stylistic, what seems invariably to be foregrounded is form, serving to validate once again the insightful first axiom of critical procedure often advanced by the late Northrop Frye: ‘Go for the structure, not for the content.’ When one follows that procedure, it becomes clear that the diegetic dimension (narration and disnarration) is fully as developed as the mimetic (the represented action), while Menippean/Horatian satire stands out as the dominant genre, and the real hero of the work is by no means the mock-heroic main character, but, rather, that masterful puppeteer of the many masks, Miguel de Cervantes.” Parr says that his own critical position is indebted to Frye and Wayne Booth. –  “Mito, modo y género en algunos clásicos de la literatura española” [Myth, Mode and Genre in Some Classics of Spanish Literature]. Revista de Filología Hispánica 25, no. 1 (2009): 88–101. In Spanish. Examines Libro de buen amor in terms of Frye’s notion of the myth of desire, analyses the interplay of mode and genre in Lazarillo, Don Quixote, the Celestina, and the comedia nueva. Considers also Frye’s radical of presentation and the metaphor of the axis mundi. Parrinder, Patrick. “Northrop Frye.” Authors and Authority: English and American Criticism, 1950–1990. New York: Columbia University Press, 1991. 281–7. Labels Frye, along with Empson and Jakobson, as one of the “scientific schoolmen” in the “age of interpretation.” Sees his work as “a blatantly archaic, almost medieval construct.” For all Parrinder’s admiration for Frye’s erudition and his correction of New Critical tenets, he thinks Frye is an anxious, stubborn, and narcissistic reader. Unless one accepts Frye’s distinction between knowledge and vision, or between science and myth, “the whole system collapses, and Frye’s magisterial poetics becomes revealed as the grandest of literary impostures.” –  Science Fiction: Its Criticism and Teaching. London: Methuen, 1980. 49–50, 54. Asks whether science fiction can be described as romance, in Frye’s sense of the genre. Parshall, Peter F. “Buster Keaton and the Space of Farce: Steamboat Bill, Jr. versus the Cameraman.” Journal of Film and Video 46, no. 3 (Fall 1994): 29–46. “The characteristics of the romance comedy are given in

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Northrop Frye’s classic study Anatomy of Criticism and involve two young lovers trying to unite, faced with barriers often provided by their elders. The story ends with the defeat of the characters who are blocking the romance, the couple united, and a new society forming around them. This basic plot structure, with its emphasis on transformation of the society and the central characters, was one Keaton had been able to adapt to. A consistent trait of Keaton’s feature films was that the central character changed from ineffectual dolt to resourceful hero.” Parsons, Talcott, Renée C. Fox, and Victor M. Lidz. “The ‘Gift of Life’ and Its Reciprocation.” Social Research 39, no. 3 (Autumn 1972): 367–415. “We shall be dealing with religious symbolism predominantly in the context of what has come to be called myth, in the sense used by Lévi-Strauss and Leach, and in another, related field, by Kenneth Burke and Northrop Frye.” Partee, Morris Henry. “The Divine Comedy of King Lear.” Genre 4 (1971): 60–75. On comedy in Frye’s sense: from corrupt social order to purged society, a spiritual journey beyond the tragic. Pârvulescu, Ioana. “Angelus Silesius heute Kritische Alternativen für eine Rezeptiondes Cherubinischen Wandersmannes” [Angelius Silesius Today: Critical Alternatives for a Reception of the Cherubic Wayfaring Man]. New Europe College Yearbook 1 (1997): 265–305. In German. Notes the way Frye in his theory of modes defines and classifies the hero. Paşcalău, Cristian. “The Death of Individual Freedom and Its Mass Effects over the Young Generation in Roberto Faenza’s H2S. Caietele Echinox 29 (2015): 111–19. Notes the features of utopias that Frye catalogues in Anatomy of Criticism. Paschetto, Anna. Culture: Annali dell’Istituto di Lingue della Facoltà di Scienze Politiche dell’Università degli Studi di Milano [Culture: Annals of the Institute of Languages of the Faculty of Political Science of the University of Milan] 1 (1987): 76–88. In Italian. Paštéková, Jelena. “Balada ako intermediálny rytmus: Manifestácia žánru ako erózia socialisticko-realistického chronotopu” [The Ballad as an Intermedial Rhythm: The Manifestation of the Genre as the Erosion of the Socialist Realist Chronotope]. Slovenská literatúra 64, no. 3 (2017): 236–49. In Slovak. Notes Frye’s dependence on Aristotle in his (Frye’s) taxonomy of character types. Pašteková, Soňa. “Mýtus a metafora v koncepciách vied o kultúre a umení” [Myth and Metaphor in Concepts

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of Cultural and Literary Studies]. World Literature Studies 3 (2018): 176–82. In Slovak. “The modern interpretation of myth as artefact has been formed in discussion with theories of 20th century culture, where mythology is studied following an interdisciplinary principle (methodological plurality of the approaches of ethnology, social anthropology, philosophy and religious studies, history of mentalities, poetics, aesthetics and art history, comparative studies, etc.). The article will therefore focus on the function of mythology as the departure point for the formation of literary forms and genres in the area of the theory of archetypes (the concepts of Jung, Frye, Campbell, Meletinsky, etc.), as paradigms for the differentiation of literary protagonists and narrative situations (Lévi-Strauss), overlaps of the theory of myth and the theory of symbols (Cassirer) and symbolic communication (Frye).” Pastén, Daniel Ovalle, and Jaume Aurell. “Between Medievalism and the Theory of History: Interview with the Historian Jaume Aurell.” História Unisinos 23, no. 1 (January–April 2019): 133–7. Aurell responds to a question: “Between history and literature, I became interested in literary criticism, especially those intellectuals who had deepened among the common roots between history, legends, and myths (Northrop Frye, Mikhail Bakhtin, Erich Auerbach).” Pastor, Brígida. “A Romance Life in Novel Fiction: The Early Career and Works of Gertrudis Gomez De Avellaneda.” Bulletin of Spanish Studies 75, no. 2 (1998): 169–81. The characteristics Frye uses to distinguish the novel from the romance do not seem to hold in the case of two serious works of fiction by Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda, Sab and Dos mujeres. Pásztor, Péter. “Northrop Frye, az irodalomtudomány és a Biblia” [“Northrop Frye, Literary Criticism and the Bible”]. Confessio 4 (1987): 63–8. In Hungarian. Considers Frye’s views on the language and imagery of the Bible and applauds him for focusing on the permanent aspects of literature. Considers Frye to be a “typical Protestant thinker” struggling with the aftermath of liberal theology. –  “Reading Frye in Hungary: The Frustrations and Hopes of a Frye Translator.” In Boyd and Salusinszky, Rereading Frye, 122–39. On the problems of translating and publishing Frye in Hungarian and how the political scene in Hungary makes the reception of Frye in that country problematic. Patai, Daphne. Myth and Ideology in Contemporary Brazilian Fiction. Canbury, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson

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University Press, 1983. Relies on Frye’s view of myth as an interpretive tool. Pathak, R.S. Profiles in Literary Courage: Studies in English Literature. Delhi: Academic Foundation, 1992. On the quality of, in Frye’s phrase, “mnemonic adhesiveness” in Eliot’s poetry. Pattenaude, Annika. “John Skelton’s Bird Complex: Experiments in Macaronic Voice.” Exemplaria 31, no. 4 (2019): 270–92. Patterson, Graeme H. History and Communication. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990. Throughout, sets the work of Innis and McLuhan over and against that of Creighton and Frye. Patterson, William H., Jr., and Andrew Thornton. The Martian Named Smith: Critical Perspectives on Robert A. Heinlein’s “Stranger in a Strange Land.” Sacramento, CA: Nitrosyncretic Press, 2001. Use Frye’s characterization of the anatomy as a prose genre to account for certain features in Heinlein’s Stranger in a Strange Land. Pautasso, Sergio. “Northrop Frye critico e moralista” [Northrop Frye: Critic and Moralist]. Le frontiere della critica. Milan: Rizzoli, 1972. 99–107. In Italian. Places Frye in the camp of such critics as Barthes, who believe that criticism is a totally independent activity and that critical and creative language have equal status. Observes, too, that for Frye the critical act is also a cognitive act. Believes that Frye’s genius lies in his gift for synthesis; he is not primarily a formalist critic in the mode of the Chicago school (with whom he does have some major affinities) but a theoretician in the great rhetorical tradition of the past. He is also a humanistic critic, one who goes beyond the utopian literary order and studies the mythology of our time. By affirming literature as an essential cognitive order of words, Frye offers an alternative to the practical disorder in which we live. Pauw, François. “Landscaping the Body: AnatomicalGeographical Bawdy in Aristophanes and Shakespeare, and Politically Incorrect Humour.” Akroterion 59 (2014): 1–28. Draws on Frye’s observation that every comedy contains within it a potential tragic plot. Pavel, Toma. “Northrop Frye şi ambiţiile sistemului” [Northrop Frye and System Ambitions]. Secolul XX 11 (1964): 98–102. In Romanian. A Marxist critique of the arguments advanced in Anatomy of Criticism. Pavloski, Evanir. 1984: A distopia do indivíduo sob controle [1984: The Dystopia of the Individual under Control]. Editora UEPG, 2005. Considers Frye’s views on satire. In Portuguese.

Payne, Michael. “La Critique Engagee: Literature and Politics.” CEA Critic 35 (January 1972): 4–8. Argues that Frye’s most recent work (e.g., The Critical Path) advocates a revolutionary criticism of all that forms the consciousness of the reader and his world. Thus, Frye is part of the movement in contemporary criticism that is steadily moving towards commitment and engagement. Paynter, Maria Nicolai. Ignazio Silone: Beyond the Tragic Vision. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000. “Paynter argues that a profound authenticity is at the core of Silone’s writing and that his tragic vision emanates from a concept of heroism based not on pride and self-serving defiance but rather on moral courage and integrity. Northrop Frye’s archetypal criticism and his concept of ironic myth provide the theoretical framework through which Paynter guides the reader to an understanding of Silone’s particular brand of realism and his unique message.” (publisher’s abstract) Peacock, James. L. Comment on M. Pluciennik’s “Archaeological Narratives and Other Ways of Telling.” Current Anthropology 40, no. 5 (December 1999): 653– 78 [670 ff.]. Notes that Pluciennik’s essay, which appears in this issue of Current Anthropology, offers a useful contribution to reflection about the types of narrative conventions that constitute archaeology. Argues that this could be pushed even further, in the manner of Frye’s Anatomy, to postulate which patterns of thought are generated by which narrative forms. Pearce, Joseph Chilton. The Bond of Power. New York: Dutton, 1981. 112–20. Examines Frye’s chapter on Locke in Fearful Symmetry. Pearl, Jason. “The View from Above: Satiric Distance and the Advent of Ballooning in Britain.” EighteenthCentury Studies 51, no. 3 (Spring 2018): 273–87. “All satire looks down on objects considered low; it puts down what is raised too high, reordering—or simply leveling— disordered hierarchies. Thus, in Anatomy of Criticism Northrop Frye wrote, ‘The satirist commonly takes a moral high line.’” Pearson, Nels. “Postponement and Prophecy: Northrop Frye and ‘The Great Code’ of Yeats’s ‘Byzantium.’” University of Toronto Quarterly 84, no. 1 (Winter 2015): 19. “Examines W.B. Yeats’s ‘Byzantium’ in light of Northrop Frye’s ideas about the resonances of Biblical language, especially its typology and deferred revelation, in Western poetry. Argues that Yeats’s effort to communicate the eternal within time by combining proclamation and enigma, revelation and ambiguity, bears deep similarities to the process of signalling and postponing revelation that drives Biblical language. By

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examining the role of postponed and unverifiable final meaning in ‘Byzantium’ via Frye, the essay also points out important intimacies and differences between post-structural theories of semiotic contingency and formalist, anthropological ideas about the distinct nature of poetic, metaphorical language.”

Peng, Li. “The Fable of Recognition: A Study of Northrop Frye as a Prophet.” English Language Teaching 4, no. 3 (2011): 54–62. On the spiritual dimension of Frye’s thought.

Pechar, Jiří. “Může literární věda hodnotit?” [Can Literary Science Issue Value Judgments?]. Literární noviny 15, no. 8 (2004): 1210–21. In Czech. Reflections on the questions of value judgments as raised in Frye’s Anatomy.

Penjak, Ana. “Re-thinking Hamlet in the 21st Century: Different Cultures, Same Questions?” ESSE Messenger (1 December 2016): 64–75. Makes numerous references to Frye’s reading of the chapter on Hamlet in Northrop Frye on Shakespeare.

Peck, Russell A. Review of Deep Wisdom from Shakespeare’s Dramas: Theological Reflections on Seven Shakespeare Plays, by Arjan Plaisier. Christianity & Literature 63, no. 2 (2014): 285–7. Notes that Plaisier cites Frye, along with Auerbach and Eliot, for exploring the connections between literature and religion.

Penn, W.S. “The Tale as Genre in Short Fiction.” Southern Humanities Review 15 (Summer 1981): 231–41. Draws upon Frye’s theories of modes and genres to develop a description of the form of the short story.

Pedersen, Bertel. “Northrop Frye: Mod en kritik uden vaegge” [Northrop Frye: Against a Criticism without Walls]. Kritik: Tidsskrift for Literatur, Forskning, Undervisning [Copenhagen] 9 (1969): 52–73. In Danish. Gives a fairly complete survey of Frye’s position and calls for the translation of Anatomy of Criticism into Danish. Pederson, S.B. Review of Revolution with a Human Face: Politics, Culture, and Community in Czechoslovakia, 1989–1992, by James Krapfl. International Newsletter of Communist Studies, 2017. Begins his study with a chapter on the narrative rhetoric of revolution that provides the framework for his analysis and which draws on the theory of Hayden White and Frye about the four generic ways to plot the revolution: as romance, comedy, tragedy, and satire. Pekárková, Kateřina. “Žánrové tendence ve vyprávění žáků čtvrté třídy ZŠ” [Genre Trends in the Narratives of Fourth-Grade Elementary Pupils] (2005–6). In Czech. A study of genres in the narratives of elementary school students, based on Frye’s theory of genres. http:// userweb.pedf.cuni.cz/~www_kpsp/archivvyzkumu/ kpsp05-06/prace/Pekarkova.pdf. Pellón, Gustavo. “Myth, Tragedy and the Scapegoat Ritual in Crónica de una muerte anunciada.” Revista Canadiense de Estudios Hispánicos 12, no. 3 (Spring 1988): 397–413. Relies throughout on Frye’s view of myth and the tragic vision in this commentary on Márquez’s novella. Pemberton, R.E.K. Letter to the editor. Canadian Forum 25 (December 1945): 215. A response to Frye’s essay “A Liberal Education.” Suggests that Frye’s concept of the

educated person is inadequate and needs to be balanced by a greater attention to history and the sciences.

Pennington, John. “Unpublished Writings of Northrop Frye: MacDonald’s The Portent.” North Wind: A Journal of George MacDonald Studies 37 (1 January 2018), article 6. Provides an introduction to and commentary on Frye’s notes on George MacDonald’s The Portent. The notes were first published in Northrop Frye’s Uncollected Prose. Penny, William Kevin. “Dialect of the Tribe: Modes of Communication and the Epiphanic Role of Nonhuman Imagery in T.S. Eliot’s Four Quartets.” Harvard Theological Review 108, no. 1 (January 2015): 98–112. Eliot’s “imagery included elements taken from the natural world which pointed beyond their own outward forms to some ideal form that lay behind them. It was an approach motivated in part by what Frye describes as the poet’s concern with Heraclitean logos zynos—or a ‘common logos’—and had as its aim the participation of man in the divine.” –  “Sanctuary Wood: Modernist Mythopoeia, Transcendence, and David Jones’s In Parenthesis.” Journal of Religious History, Literature and Culture 4, no. 1 (June 2018): 21–57. “Various literary theorists, including Northrop Frye, have stated that man falls back upon myth when under most strain—he retreats into ritual and myth when civilization is most under threat. It is a dynamic in which the modern ironic mode (exemplified by modern writers such as Joyce, Kafka, and Beckett) reappears as part of a cycle which Frye saw as dominating the history of literature.” Shows how this feature applies to Jones’s In Parenthesis. Pentikäinen, Johanna. Myytit ja Myyttisyys Paavo Haavikon teoksissa “Kaksikymmentä ja yksi,” “Rautaaika” ja “Kullervon tarina” [Myth and Mythic in Paavo Haavikon’s “One and Twenty,” “Iron Time,” and “The

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Story of Kullervo”]. Helsinki: Helsinki University of Humanities, 2002. 292 pp. In Finnish. Relies on Frye throughout in this study of mythic themes in Haavikon’s work. Pénzes, Ágnes. “A mítosz és azon túl. Jókai Mór Forradalmi és csataképek 1848–és 1849–ből című novellaciklusának beszédmódjáról” [The Myth and the Other Side of the Myth: About the Literary Discourse in Mór Jókai’s Cycle of Short Stories, “Forradalmi és csataképek 1848–és 1849–bő” [Revolutionary and Battle Images of 1848 and 1849]. Erdélyi Múzeum 1 (2013): 34–50. In Hungarian. Notes Frye’s adaptation of two terms of biblical theology, Weltgeschichte and Heilsgeschichte.

States at the time, presenting a rich and diverse mosaic of interpretations; from the theorization of the ideas proposed by M.H. Abrams to the emphasis on the text that René Wellek and the New Critics defend, Frye seeks to position himself between these two stances by proposing a theory about Romanticism that preserves the particular determinants of a given author’s poetics, such as William Blake’s, but which at the same time refers to the archetypes of literature.” (author’s abstract) Perez, Gilberto. “Saying ‘Ain’t’ and Playing ‘Dixie’: Rhetoric and Comedy in ‘Judge Priest.’” Raritan 23, no. 4 (Spring 2004): 34–54. Calls on Frye’s theory of New Comedy to analyse Judge Priest, a 1934 Will Rogers– John Ford movie.

Peprník, Michal. “Počátky paranormálního modu v americké fantastické literatuře: Charles Brockden Brown” [The Beginnings of the Paranormal Mode in the American Fantastic Literature: Charles Brockden Brown]. Bohemica litteraria 2 (2018): 105–23. In Czech. The term mode, popularized in the literary theory of Northrop Frye, is part of his system of classification of literary conventions (from myth to irony). Modes can cut across genres, so the terms should not be confused.

Pérez Gállego, Cándido. “El método crítico de Northrop Frye” [The Critical Method of Northrop Frye]. Turia 9 (1988): 7–17. In Galician.

Percec, Dana. “The Canadian Tempest: Margaret Atwood and Shakespeare Retold as Hag-Seed.” Caietele Echinox 34 (2018): 295–307. “The garrison mentality, described by other Canadian scholars like Northrop Frye, consists of an uncontrollable human desire to build walls against the world at large.”

Perić, Dragoljub, “Типични и атипични старци српске усмене епике” [Typical and Atypical Old Man in Serbian Epic Songs]. Филолошки студии 1 (2014): 385– 400. In Croatian. As Frye says in Anatomy of Criticism, these old men, from the respected and sacralized, all the way to the ridiculed and degraded, testify not only to the events, but also to the spirit of one time, recoding a tradition that is reflected, directly, in changes in attitudes towards authority. Timekeepers of knowledge and traditions, but also the bearers of the status of heroes, these characters, coming out of an archetypal and ethically safe and warm home space.

Perera, Rosie. “We Need Some Northrop Frye!! Especially “The Great Code.” Logos Bible Software Forums (8 June 2019). https://community.logos.com/forums/t/181903. aspx. “Just noticed a new pre-pub whose description starts off: ‘Employing Northrop Frye’s system of archetypal literary criticism—the use of romance, tragedy, irony and satire, and comedy—.’ Brian Larsen offers a compelling summary of the essential governing framework and means of exchange between literature and theology. Northrop Frye is so important to understanding the literary aspects of the Bible. Yet his works are completely absent in the Logos catalogue.” Peres, Marcos Flamínio. “O conceito de Romantismo em Northrop Frye” [The Concept of Romanticism in Frye]. Polifonia 23, no. 34 (July–December 2016): 35–43. http://periodicoscientificos.ufmt.br/ojs/index. php/polifonia/article/view/5339/pdf. In Portuguese. “In Romanticism Reconsidered (1963), published six years after his classic Anatomy of Criticism, the Canadian scholar Northrop Frye brought together the most important scholars of Romanticism in the United

–  Morfonovelistica: Hacia una sociologia del hecho novelistico [Morfonovelistica: Towards a Sociology of the Novelistic fact]. Madrid: Fundamentos, 1973. 45–69, 115–34. In Spanish. Following Chomsky, Frye, et al., Perez Gallego seeks a model of reality in the syntax of the novel.

Perica, Ivana. “Practici inter—şi multidisciplinare în literature comparată. studiu de caz” [Inter- and Transdisciplinary Practices in Comparative Literature: A Case Study]. Buletin Stiintific, seria A, Fascicula Filologie 2 (2014): 139–60. In Croatian. Perkin, J. Russell. “Doctoral Programmes in Literary Studies.” https://macblog.mcmaster.ca/fryeblog/author/ russell/. Notes Frye’s ideas about doctoral study. –  “Northrop Frye and Catholicism.” In Donaldson and Mendelson, Frye and the Word, 187–202. On Frye’s conflicted relationship with the Catholic Church and its doctrines. –  “Northrop Frye and Matthew Arnold.” University of Toronto Quarterly 74, no. 3 (Summer 2005): 793–815.

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

On “the complex relationship between Frye’s thought and that of Matthew Arnold.” –  “Northrop Frye and ‘The Return of Religion.’” The Educated Imagination: A Website Dedicated to Northrop Frye (20 October 2009). https://macblog.mcmaster.ca/ fryeblog/2009/10/20/northrop-frye-and-the-return-ofreligion/. Seeks to discover how Frye with his decidedly religious world view fits into the generally religious scepticism of contemporary literary theory. “I am writing as someone who might be described as standing with one foot in the Frye community, and one foot in the world of postmodern theology, and my aim is not to belittle Frye’s work, but rather to suggest ways in which it needs to be critiqued and ‘translated’ in order for it to play a greater role in both the study and the practice of religion in the twenty-first century.” –  “Northrop Frye on the Meaning of Christmas.” Northrop Frye Weblog, posted 19 December 2009. https://macblog.mcmaster.ca/fryeblog/northrop-fryeon-the-meaning-of-christmas/. On the Christmas editorials Frye wrote for the Canadian Forum in the 1950s. –  “Reconfiguring the Liberal Imagination: A Response to Margaret Burgess, Patricia Demers, and William Robins.” In Kee, Northrop Frye and the Afterlife of the Word, 147–53. Responds to Margaret Burgess’s “From Archetype to Antitype: A Look at Frygian Archetypology,” Patricia Demers’s “Early Modern Women’s Words with Power: Absence and Presence,” and William Robins’s “Modeling Biblical Narrative: Frye and D.H. Lawrence.” –  “Transcending Realism: Northrop Frye, the Victorians, and the Anatomy of Criticism.” In Rampton, Northrop Frye, 203–22. On Frye’s relationship to Victorian writers, particularly with regard to the issue of realism, and on Frye’s links with Oscar Wilde. Perkins, David. “Taking Stock after Thirty Years.” In Teaching Literature: What Is Needed Now, ed. James Engell and David Perkins. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988. 111–17. Looking back over his career as a teacher, Perkins asks himself to what extent he still holds to the beliefs that the teaching of literature is opposed to two of Frye’s convictions: that what one teaches is not literature but criticism and that literary conventions come from previous literature. Perlina, Nina. “The Freidenberg-Bakhtin Correlation.” Elementa: Journal of Slavic Studies & Comparative Cultural Semiotics 4, no. 1 (1998): 1–15. Envisions a symposium between Frye, among others, and Friedenberg’s memoir, The Race of Life.

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–  Review of The Novel in the Age of Disintegration: Dostoevsky and the Problem of Genre in the 1870s by Kate Holland. Slavic Review 74, no. 1 (Spring 2015): 208–10. “Holland’s treatment of tightly interconnected discourse types in Dostoevskii’s literary utopias conforms to Northrop Frye’s typology of genres. But rather than discussing macrostructures and their archetypal genesis, she undertakes a detailed analysis of semantic and even grammatical microstructures that characterized both Dostoevskii’s own writings and the cultural jargon of the two decades that followed the publication of the Tsar’s Emancipation Manifesto in 1861.” Perloff, Marjorie. “Angst and Animism in the Poetry of Sylvia Plath.” Journal of Modern Literature 1 (1970): 57–74. Examines the recurrent imagery in Plath’s later poetry in the light of poetic convention rather than for its “confessional” value and argues that her poetry is what Frye has called the “poetry of process” or “oracular poetry.” –  The Poetics of Indeterminacy: Rimbaud to Cage. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981. 39–42. A summary of Frye’s account of prosody in The WellTempered Critic, which Perloff refers to throughout her book. Perosa, Sergio. “Che cosa significa ‘narrare’” [What Does Narrating Mean?]. Il Corriere della Sera (18 March 1979). In Italian. –  “Il piu grande romanzo del mondo? Nessun dubbio: e la Bibbia.” [Doubtless the Greatest Novel in the World: The Bible]. Corriere della Sera (22 July 1979): 8. In Italian. Contrasts the work of Frye and Eliot, pointing primarily to their different literary tastes. Provides a brief list of the most influential of Frye’s books translated into Italian. Points to the similarities between Frye and Aristotle and to the differences between Frye and the linguistic structuralists. Comments briefly on Frye’s interest in the sacred as well as the secular scripture (romance). Interview. –  “Incontri con Frye” [Encounters with Frye]. In Lombardo, Ritratto, 39–46. In Italian. An account of Perosa’s three encounters with Frye: at Princeton (while Perosa was a student), in Toronto, and in Italy. Perry, Grayson. “‘We are heading for a wilderness.’” New Statesman 143 (10–16 October) 16 (2014): 54–9. Perry, Seamus. Review of Organising Poetry: The Coleridge Circle, 1790–1798, by David Fairer. Wordsworth Circle 41, no. 4 (Autumn, 2010): 181–2. “‘Our students are . . . graduated with a vague notion that the age of sensibility was the time when poetry moved from a reptilian

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Classicism, all cold and dry reason, to mammalian Romanticism, all warm and wet feeling’: so Northrop Frye complained over fifty years ago. His protest was eloquent and telling; but anyone who teaches that period now would probably confirm that the notion of something utterly revolutionary happening in the last years of the 18th century is as alive and well as it ever was.” Perusse, Daniel. “La litterature selon Northrop Frye.” L’actualite 6 (November 1981): 32[a], 34, 36. Suggests that if the Nobel Prize goes to a Canadian, it will go to Frye. Gives a brief sketch of his career. Peshkopia, Ridvan. “A Ghost from the Future: The Postsocialist Myth of Capitalism and the Ideological Suspension of Postmodernity.” Theoria: A Journal of Social and Political Theory 57, no. 124 (2010): 23–53. Glances at Frye’s views on the nature of the intellectual. Peskin, Joan, Greg Allen, and Rebecca Wells-Jopling. “‘The Educated Imagination’: Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy 53, no. 6 (March 2010): 498–507. The authors’ views on symbolic interpretation are much indebted to Frye’s conceptions of symbol, metaphor, and archetype. Peters, Michael A. “Academic Writing, Genres and Philosophy.” Educational Philosophy and Theory 40, no. 7 (2008): 819–31. “Since Northrop Frye originally used the theory of genre to differentiate types of literature and to consider whether a work may be considered to belong to a class of related works it has been received in a range of related fields including history, academic writing, and film and television studies.” Peterson, Eugene H. “Eat This Book: The Holy Community at Table with the Holy Scripture.” Theology Today 56, no. 1 (April 1999): 5–17. Quotes Frye on how we should read the Bible. Péti, Miklós. “Jon Milton: Visszanyert Paradicsom— Bevezető tanulmány és fordítás” [John Milton’s Paradise Regained—The 1st Book’s Translation with a Short Introduction”]. Orpheus Noster: A KRE Eszme-, Kultúr-, és Vallástörténeti Folyóirata 4 (2017): 104–18. In Hungarian. The genre classification debate has to this day not come to rest; the surest position is perhaps that of Northrop Frye, who as early as 1965 found that the text was, from the point of view of genre, sui generis. Petraru, Ana-Magdalena. “Bible and Literature for the (Orthodox) Theological English Classroom.” International Journal of Communication Research 8, no. 1 (January–March 2018): 12–18. “The importance of the bible as/for literature cannot be denied, and outstanding developments such as Northrop Frye’s to the field (The

Great Code: The Bible and Literature, 1981) testify to this reality.” –  “Northrop Frye in Romania: Translations and Critical Studies.” In Northrop Frye 100: A Danubian Perspective, ed. Sára Tóth, Tibor Fabiny, János Kenyeres, and Péter Pásztor. Budapest: KGRE–L’Harmattan, 2014. 282–8. An overview of the Romanian translations of Frye’s books and the critical studies about his work in Romania. Considers both communist and postcommunist perspectives. Petrikas, Martynas. “Lietuvių Teatro (Kontra)Mitas Satyrinéje Tarpukario Spaudoje” [Myth of the Lithuanian Theatre (Contra) in the Satirical Interwar Press]. LOGOS—A Journal of Religion, Philosophy, Comparative Cultural Studies and Art 59 (2009): 203– 14. In Lithuanian. Says that according to Frye “satire can be defined as a voice (or image) of fictional alternative society.” Petro, Peter. “A. Zinov’ev’s The Yawning Heights as an Anatomy.” Canadian Slavonic Papers/Revue Canadienne des Slavistes 23, no. 1 (March 1981): 70–6. Uses Frye’s theory of the anatomy as a form of prose fiction to locate the genre of Zinov’ev’s The Yawning Heights. Petrocelli, Domenico. “La letteratura come sogno totale dell’uomo” [Literature as the Total Dream of Man]. Il Tempo [Rome] (5 June 1979): 13. Appears also as “Northrop Frye ‘riscopre’ l’Italia” in Oggitalia (June 1979). In Italian. Reports on Frye’s successful 1979 tour of Italy, gives a brief but comprehensive biography of Frye, and lists all of the Italian translations of his books. Observes that Frye’s criticism of genre does not have the same classificatory function as that of Croce or the same empirical categorizing function as that of Praz. Frye’s genres rather are identified with the fundamental structures of reality recreated by literature. Petrović, Boris. “Visual Language of World War I Propaganda on a Symbolical Plane: How a Visual Symbol is Created.” AM Časopis za studije umetnosti i medija 10 (2016): 31–40. Calls attention to Frye’s typological reading of the English Bible. Petrović, Lena. “Myth and Cultural Criticism: Frye, LéviStrauss, Barthes.” In Proceedings: First International Conference: Language, Literature and Mythology. Belgrade: Alfa University, Faculty of Foreign Languages. 99–115. –  “Postmodern Literature Does Not Exist.” Facta Universitatis—Linguistics and Literature 9 (2002): 281–301. “Frye’s suggestion that ‘the arts, including literature, might just conceivably be . . . possible

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

techniques for meditation, ways of cultivating, focusing, and ordering one’s mental processes, on a basis of a symbol rather than concept’ is just one among the junk heap of discarded notions.” –  ‘Whom Do You Serve with This? Teaching the Politics of Post-Modernism.” Facta Universitatis— Linguistics and Literature 7 (2000): 107–120. “Teaching contemporary literary theory and criticism—by which I understand various post-Saussurian, structuralist or deconstructive theories of mainly French origin—to undergraduate students is a problem, I believe, to most teachers of English Literature for whom humanist critics and teachers such as F.R. Leavis, Edmund Wilson, Lionel Trilling or Northrop Frye have been a lasting influence.” Pettit, Alexander. “Tennessee Williams’s ‘Serious Comedy’: Problems of Genre and Sexuality in (and After) Period of Adjustment.” Philological Quarterly 91, no. 1 (Winter 2012): 97–119. “In Period of Adjustment Williams is keener on mocking than on molding the assumptions of the genre: the ‘happy rustle of bridal gowns and banknotes’ that Northrop Frye identifies as the terminus of low-mimetic comedy is inaudible, the play’s mimicking of this mode notwithstanding.” Petty, Anne C. Tolkien in the Land of Heroes: Discovering the Human Spirit. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Press, 2003. In part 4 explores a number of heroic characters in Tolkien based on Frye’s typology of heroes.

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valid for any American comedy, including those of Judd Apatow. Pfeifer, Hanna, and Alexander Spencer. “Krieg der Erzählungen Westliche Genres und romantische Narrative des Dschihad” [War Narratives, Western Genres, and Romantic Narratives of Jihad]. In Großerzählungen des Extremen: Neue Rechte, Populismus, Islamismus, War on Terror, ed. Jennifer Schellhöh, Jo Reichertz, Volker M. Heins, and Armin Flender. Bielefeld, Germany: Transcript Verlag, 2018. 199–210. In German. Draws on Frye’s theory of emplotments throughout. Pfeiffer, Helmut. “Shipwrecked Souls: Menippean Satire and Renaissance Textuality.” In Renaissance Rewritings, ed. Helmut Pfeiffer, Irene Fantappiè, and Tobias Roth. Berlin and Boston: Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2017. Notes that Frye proposes the word “anatomy” as a synonym for “Menippean satire.” Picchione, John, and Gian Paolo Biasin, ed. I discorsi della critica in America: Frye, De Man, Bloom, Hartman, Fish, Hirsch Chatman, Spivak, Said, Jameson [Critical Discourses in America: Frye, De Man, Bloom, Hartman, Fish, Hirsch Chatman, Spivak, Said, Jameson]. Rome: Bulzoni, 1993. In Italian. The first essay, by Domenico Pietropaolo, is on Frye’s critical interests: literary language, the Bible, the distinction between literature and criticism, literary theory vs. literary criticism, and the social function of criticism.

Petzold, Jochen. “Constructing and Deconstructing the Fantasy Hero: Joe Abercrombie’s ‘First Law’ Trilogy.” In Heroes and Heroism in British Fiction since 1800, ed. Barbara Korte and Stephanie Lethbridge. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. 135–50. Using Tolkien’s Lord of the Rings as a template and applying the typology of heroic modes suggested in Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism, Petzold first establishes the importance of heroes in fantasy fiction. He then analyses Joe Abercrombie’s First Law Trilogy (2006–8), arguing that Abercrombie creates a postmodern fantasy world in which the heroic is simultaneously upheld and subverted, and that Abercrombie’s fictional world suggests multiple links to our own—links that range from the devilish power of nuclear weapons to the manipulative power of financial institutions.

Piccitto, Diane. “Blake’s Drama: Theatre, Performance and Identity in the Illuminated Books.” In Staging Urizen: The Melodrama of Identity Formation. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. 101–42. “Several decades ago Frye characterized Blake’s engraved poems as ‘not only continu[ing] the medieval tradition of the illuminated book, but present[ing], ideally, a unified vision of the three major arts to the individual as musical drama.’ Extending Frye’s observation, W.J.T. Mitchell states, ‘If we meditate a little further on the dramatic unity of Blake’s design we notice that this is not the unity of a realistic theatrical scene, but more like the visual presentation of melodrama, mime, or dance, forms which depend upon exaggerated bodily and facial gestures to make up for their lack of verbalization.’” Piccitto examines this opposition in greater detail. (author’s abstract)

Pezzotta, Alberto. “Il cinema dell’integrazione: Ideologie e conformismi” [The Cinema of Integration: Ideologies and Conformisms]. Cineforum: Torre Boldone 51, no. 6 (July 2011): 56–60. In Italian. Frye’s theory of the comic narrative mode from Aristophanes to Shakespeare is still

Picherit, Hervé G. “A War of Sensibilities: Recovering Henri Barbot’s Paris en feu (Ignis ardens).” Journal of Modern Literature 41, no. 4 (Summer 2018): 143–60. “In narratological terms, anagogy does not operate as a function of mimesis, nor of muthos (emplotment). Nor

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is anagogical meaning created as a function of imitation, nor of organization according to narrative time—at least in the traditional sense. On the contrary, anagogy’s particularity is its capacity to designate a sphere of total meaning situated outside of time and reference. As Northrop Frye would have it, anagogy is synonymous with the desire for ‘universal meaning’; it is the sense through which ‘literature imitates the total dream of man, and so imitates the thought of a human mind which is at the circumference and not at the center of its reality.’ And it is precisely as an all-encompassing sense that anagogy stages its level of meaning as operating outside the limitations of mimetic symbolization and narrative ordering.” Pierzak, Damian. “The Case of Apollo and Hyacinth in the ‘Second Tetralogy’ Attributed to Antiphon.” Scripta Classica 10 (2013): 53–66. “It remains to admit that both the myth and the dilemma conveyed in the Second Tetralogy were to some extent popular at the time. On the level of symbolical thinking even the fact that different throwing devices were exercised (the discus and the javelin, respectively) is not of particular interest, since ‘they [=myths] are,’ as Northrop Frye wrote extending Cassirer’s theory, ‘in fact, the communicable ideogrammatic structures of literature. . . . The basic structure of myth is a metaphor, which is very similar in form to the equation, being a statement of identity of the “A is B” type.’” –  “Was Cicero’s Audience Aware of How Orpheus Died (Arch. 19)?” Scripta Classica 12 (2015): 75–82. “The Canadian literary critic Northrop Frye extended Cassirer’s theory into broadly conceived literature, as he held that the mind of a reader/listener can unconsciously become imbued with some suggestions carried by myth. He has also roughly divided literature into two branches—fictional and thematic. The former can derive its subject matter and internal characters from myth, while in the latter, which is our main interest, no characters are involved except for the author and his audience.” Phelpstead, Carl. Review of English Poetry and Old Norse Myth: A History, by Heather O’Donoghue. Review of English Studies 66, no. 275 (2015): 563–5. Chapter 2 “includes a detailed analysis of William Blake’s work, leading to a better informed and fairer assessment of his use of Norse material than is made by some eminent critics whom O’Donoghue quotes (Harold Bloom, Northrop Frye).” Philips, Joshua. Review of Fictions of Authorship in Late Elizabethan Narratives: Euphues in Arcadia, by Katharine Wilson. Oxford, UK: Oxford University

Press, 2006. “The concerns of this book make it feel very much of the moment. And yet, some of Wilson’s most pronounced strengths are what some might consider old-fashioned. She is particularly adept at Northrop Frye-style structural analyses, source study, and the parsing of authorial influence.” Phillips, Jason. “Harpers Ferry Looming: A History of the Future.” Rethinking History (17 January 2014): 1–18. While sociologist Philip Smith “relies on Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism to interpret predictions of warfare, I recommend Frank Kermode’s The Sense of an Ending. Frye treats apocalyptic narratives as a genre, but Kermode explores apocalypse ‘both as type and source’ of storytelling.” Phillips, Siobhan. The Poetics of the Everyday: Creative Repetition in Modern American Verse. New York: Columbia University Press, 2010. Notes what Frye and Eliade say about sacred time and the myth of recurrence. Piccitto, Diane. “Frye, Blake, and the Dramatic Medium of the Illuminated Book.” Paper presented at Educating the Imagination: A Conference in Honour of Northrop Frye on the Centenary of His Birth, University of Toronto, 4–6 October 2013. Piekarski, Ireneusz. “Badacz literatury i jego tłumacze: Northrop Frye po polsku” [The Literary Scholar and His Translators: Northrop Frye in Polish]. Przekładaniec 11, no. 2 (24 March 2003): 22–40. In Polish. –  “Fałszywy mesjasz: O jednym toposie żydowskim w twórczości Juliana Stryjkowskiego” [The False Messiah: On One Jewish Topos in Julian Stryjkowski’s Literary Activity]. Pamiętnik Literacki: Czasopismo kwartalne poświęcone historii i krytyce literatury polskiej 2 (2008): 51–88. In Polish. Remarks on Frye’s typological interpretation of the Christian Bible. –  “Gorzka pigułka Northropa Frye’a” [Hard Pill to Swallow: Northrop Frye and Evaluation]. In Wartość i sens: Aksjologiczne aspekty teorii interpretacji Aksjologiczne aspekty teorii interpretacji [Value and Meaning. Axiological Aspects of the Theory of Interpretation], ed. E. Fiała, A. Tyszczyk, and R. Zajączkowski. Lublin, 2003. 305–38. In Polish. –  “Kod sztuki: O Biblii w Northropa Frye’a wizji literatury” [The Code of Art: Northrop Frye’s Vision of the Bible and Literature]. Teksty Drugie 3–4 (2001): 231–45. In Polish. Piera, Carlos. “A Northrop Frye Paradox.” In Visions of Canada: Approaching the Millennium, ed. Eulalia C. Piñero Gil and Pilar Somacarrera Iñigo. Madrid: Ediciones de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid,

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1999. 157–63. Claims that there is little room in Frye’s theory of language for paradox. Pierce, Constance. “Ruach Hakodesh: The Epiphanic and Cosmic Nature of Imagination in the Art of Michael Jackson and His Influence on My Image-Making.” In The Cosmos and the Creative Imagination, ed. AnnaTeresa Tymienieck and Patricia Trutty-Cohill. Cham: Switzerland: Springer, 2016. 103–33. Notes the similarity between the pop singer Michael Jackson and Frye’s discussion of Blake on childhood. Pierzak, Damian. “Metaforyzacja mitu w literaturze Rzymu późnorepublikańskiego: Na przykładzie Endymiona” [Metaphorization of Myth in the Literature of the Late Republican Rome: On the Example of Endymion]. Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae 1 (2016): 77–92. In Polish. “The introductory part includes some deliberations on the nature of myth in broadly conceived literature, with special reference to the theories of Northrop Frye.” Pietersma, Albert. “The Society of Biblical Literature Commentary on the Septuagint: Basic Principles.” In The SBL Commentary on the Septuagint: An Introduction, ed. Dirk E. Büchner. Atlanta, GA: Society of Biblical Literature, 2017. “The text-as-produced— the text between texts—may usefully be described as a two-dimensional text. On the horizontal plane morphemes are knit together into syntactic units to convey information; on the vertical plane the parent text forms the de facto context for meaning. As a result of excessive one-for-one dependence on the source text, the target text may be rendered disjointed or worse. À propos here is Northrop Frye’s distinction between the literary genres of the modern novel and sentimental romance. Whereas in the novel as a realistic narrative the writer attempts to keep the action horizontal, using the technique of causality to keep the narrative moving from within, romance ‘moves from one discontinuous episode to another, describing things that happen to characters, for the most part, externally.’” Pietropaolo, Domenico. “Frye, Blake, e la boria dei dotti” [Frye, Blake, and the Conceit of the Learned]. Allegoria 1 (December 1989): 134–8. In Italian. –  “Frye, Vico, and the Grounding of Literature and Criticism.” In Lombardo, Ritratto, 87–101. Points to the similarities between Vico and Frye on the importance of poetic thinking for the humanitas of civilization; and to the differences between them on the nature of myth: for Frye, myth is important for the light it sheds on the phenomenological status of the literary work; for Vico myth is important for its civilizing influence.

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–  “Northrop Frye.” In I Discorsi della critica in America, ed. John Picchione and Gian Paolo Biasin. Rome: Bulzoni, 1993. –  “Northrop Frye e la paideia della libertà” [Northrop Frye and the Paideia of Freedom]. Belfagor: Rassegna di Varia Umanità 47, no. 4 (July 1992): 403–18. In Italian. On the development of freedom in Frye’s work. Pileva, Maria. “Využívanie náboženských motívov vo vyučovaní literatúry na stredných školách a univerzitách v Bulharsku” [The Use of Religious Motifs in Teaching Literature in High Schools and Universities in Bulgaria”]. Motus in Verbo: Young Scientist Journal 6, no. 1 (2017): 30–8. In English and Slovak. “Concerns the effect of introducing the Biblical imagery and motifs on the learners’ literary interpretive competences. It also tries to point out possible strategies for improving the reception of such motifs and offers an innovative way of introducing such textual elements. Since the motifs are not explicitly formulated in the original author’s work, every lecturer must be able to identify them and to determine their place in the structure of that work.” (from author’s abstract) Pilkington, Daniel John. Review of Poetry and the Religious Imagination: The Power of the Word, ed. Francesca Bugliani Knox and David Lonsdale. Sophia 54, no. 3 (September 2015): 399–401. “In chapter 1, Michael Kirwan provides a brief history of the relationship between theology and literature in the English-speaking world. With reference to Terry Eagleton’s suggestion that English studies grew out of the failure of religion under secular modernity, he probes the writing of three English critics (Northrop Frye, Frank Kermode, and George Steiner), purporting to discover in their work a shared spiritual longing. For example, Frye sought a unified theory of criticism modeled on biblical hermeneutics, while Kermode believed that literary meaning expresses eschatological yearning.” Piloiu, Rares G. The Quest for Redemption: Central European Jewish Thought in Joseph Roth’s Works. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press, 2018. Contrasts Roth’s utopian vision with what Frye’s calls the “rational utopia.” Ping, Chen. “Frye’s Criticism of the Open Road.” Foreign Literature 3 (2001). In Chinese. Pinzaru, Adelina. “Dying Words, by Yi Sang.” https:// library.ltikorea.or.kr/node/15698. “Dying Words is a fascinating read which embeds both modernist and existentialist aesthetics, infused with the sensitivity and fervour, which characterize Korean literature in the 1920s and 1930s. At first sight, Dying Words seems a

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nostalgic tale about the twilight of life and the loss of love. The characters involved are the narrator and a woman, named Jeonghui. And this is the point where any convention vanishes. Yi Sang can be regarded as a master of the tragic-ironic fictional mode, if we apply the classification made by Northrop Frye, in Anatomy of Criticism. In Dying Words, the author manages to create irony, by naming the narrator after himself and by constantly criticizing him, for instance, by calling his work ‘petty literature.’ Yi Sang, the narrator, leads an empty life and goes through an existential crisis, as he starts to view the act of living as an unbearable and suffocating burden. The human condition is also downgraded in his eyes, as he states ‘The truth is, humans are mimicking monkeys. Surprisingly, death is not seen as the cathartic great escape, but as devoid of meaning and worthless as life itself.’” Pinzon, Jocelyn C. “Remembering Philippine History: Satire in Popular Songs.” South East Asia Research 23, no. 3 (2015): 423–42. Draws on Frye’s theory of the mythos of winter: irony and satire. Pirić, Alija. “Elementi karnevalizacije i funkcija smijeha u pripovijetkama Ive Andrića” [Elements of Carnivalization and the Role of Laughter in the Short Stories of Ivo Andrić]. Sarajevski filološki susreti: Zbornik radova 2 (2014): 339–60. In Croatian. Notes Frye’s definition of naive and sentimental forms of irony. Piskač, Davor. “Typology of Biblical Invocations on the Examples of the Psalms and the Song of Songs.” Narodna umjetnost: Hrvatski časopis za etnologiju i folkloristiku [Native Art: Croatian Journal of Ethnology and Folklore Research] 45, no. 1 (June 2008): 67–86. In Croatian. “Northrop Frye (1912–1991) in his book The Great Code: The Bible and Literature also regards the Bible as a literary work, but he disputes the idea that history is the primary determinant of the biblical text. He considered it important that the Bible has wielded great influence on many literatures and writers, largely because it has kept alive in a particular way the mythological frameworks that underpin the foundations of the Western cultural circle. According to Frye, the Bible uses poetic language, but it is more than mere literature, largely because its language is not allegorical.” Pistelli, John. “Northrop Frye: Anatomy of Criticism” (15 October 2015). Wordpress blog. https://johnpistelli. wordpress.com/2015/10/15/. “If I had to choose one book as the foundation for an education in literary criticism and theory, I might choose Anatomy of Criticism; I wish I had read it much earlier. Even if one’s goal were the deconstruction of the concept of literature, this might be the most productive text to deconstruct, because Frye intends his theory as the climax and (to use

his typological Biblical language) fulfillment of all prior western literary theory from Aristotle to Eliot.” Pivak, Brian. “The Sepher Yetzirah: Theory and Historicity.” http://www.users.qwest.net/~pbrian22/ sepher.html. 7 pp. Commentary on the Sepher Yetsira that relies on Frye’s theory of modes to explain the mechanisms of Kabbalistic mysticism. Placidio, Beniamino. “La critica americana contemporanea” [Contemporary American Criticism] Studi Americani [Rome] 8 (1962): 324–6. In Italian. –  “La spada di carta” [The Paper Sword]. La Repubblica (28 May 1987). In Italian. Plaisier, A.J. Deep Wisdom from Shakespeare’s Dramas: Theological Reflections on Seven Shakespeare Plays. Trans. Steve J. Van der Weele. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 2012. Plaisier believes many of Shakespeare’s commentators have neglected the religious dimension of his plays. Agrees with Frye that the narrative patterns of the plays follow the plot structures found in the Bible. Platt, Kevin, and David Brandenberger. “Terribly Romantic, Terribly Progressive, or Terribly Tragic: Rehabilitating Ivan IV under I.V. Stalin.” Russian Review 58, no. 4 (October 1999): 635–54. On the basis of Frye’s theory of narrative and Hayden White’s application of it to the poetics of historiography, the authors identify two basic plots, which they apply to the story of Ivan IV and his era: romance and tragedy. Poague, Leland. “As You Like It and It Happened One Night: The Generic Pattern of Comedy.” Literature/Film Quarterly 5, no. 4 (Fall 1977): 346–50. “Cinema critics who deal with genre generally concern themselves with specific generic types, the western, the gangster film, the detective thriller, the science fiction film, film noir, the neo-realist film, etc. Among literary critics, and I think specifically of Northrop Frye and his compatriots, the attention to genre is concerned primarily with kinds, generic patterns which are more basic and more deeply rooted in the history of literature than the types discussed by cinéastes. The western, for example, is a cinema type which belongs to the larger literary kind of romance.” –  “The Problem of Film Genre: A Mentalistic Approach.” Literature/Film Quarterly 6, no. 2 (Spring 1978): 152–61. “To say that there may be more than the four plots that Frye posits (i.e., romance, tragedy, comedy, and irony) has no effect whatsoever on the fact that Frye’s four plots are the operative generic categories of drama, film, and prose fiction. In which case our ‘literary competency’ will presumably include a fairly detailed knowledge of the various conventions of plot, character, and imagery

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

that ‘typify’ each of the various forms of imaginative and narrative literature.” Poch, Chantal. “Inner and Deeper: Motifs of Fiction in Werner Herzog’s Films.” CINE: Cinema Journal 7, no. 2 (2019): 102–28. http://cinej.pitt.edu. Notes Frye’s contention that the word “dark” is thematically important in romanticism. Poirier, Richard. “What Is English Studies, and If You Know What That Is, What Is English Literature?” Partisan Review 37, no. 1 (1970): 41–58 [52–3]. Rpt. in ADE Bulletin 25 (May 1970): 3–13 [9–10]; and in Poirier, The Performing Self: Compositions and Decompositions in the Languages of Contemporary Life. New York: Oxford University Press, 1971. 65–85 [78–80]. Commends Frye for being a “liberating critic,” yet has reservations about the detachment implied by his position. Sees Frye’s spatialization of literature as continuing the tradition of Eliot and the New Critics. “Frye leaves even less room than do the adherents of [Brooks and Warren] for measuring or even allowing an unmeasured response to the activity that is reading and writing, the energy generated in a reader by some corresponding expenditure in the writer.” Poland, Lynn. Review of Post-Modern Use of the Bible: The Emergence of Reader-Oriented Criticism, by Edgar V. McKnight. Journal of the American Academy of Religion 58, no. 4 (Winter 1990): 719–20. “The most abiding critical presence in this book is not Derrida— or any of the preeminent representatives of poststructuralist criticism, whether political, feminist, or new historicist—but Northrop Frye. McKnight calls Frye into service in a number of ways. Oddly, he allows Frye to play his Gabriel: drawing on Frye’s Viconian notion of stages of language and thought—the metaphoric, metonymic, and modem descriptive—he announces post-modern criticism as a kind of ricorso in which the Bible is to be read as ‘literature.’ We find here “the very modern theories of Northrop Frye presented sometimes as though they were fact: the Bible ‘contains’ Frye’s typology of plots and images, and it becomes—as in Frye’s analogy—something like mathematics, an ‘autonomous language’ and a ‘unified intellect.’” Polansky, Steve. “A Family Romance—Northrop Frye and Harold Bloom: A Study of Critical Influence.” boundary 2, no. 9 (Winter 1981): 227–45. Compares and contrasts the critical theories of Frye and Bloom, examining similarities and differences in their styles, their commitment to schematic constructs, the degree to which their stances are prescriptive, their practical criticism, their indebtedness to Freud, and their understanding of tradition, influence, creation, and the imagination.

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Polish Association for Canadian Studies. “2006 Graz Seminar: Report from the 15th European Seminar for Graduate Students in Canadian Studies.” This paper focused on the impact of Canadian identity. “The Canadian identity seems to define itself largely in terms of the cultural characteristics that distinguish Canadians and Americans. However some people have argued that probably, the closest and most extensive relationship (between two countries) would turn the Canadian culture into a mirror image of the U.S. culture. In many cases, the people of both countries speak the same language, watch the same television shows and cheer at the same sports events. Northrop Frye said that historically a Canadian was an American who rejected revolution.” Polk, James. “Editor’s Preface.” In Divisions on a Ground: Essays on Canadian Culture, by Northrop Frye. Toronto: Anansi, 1982. 9–12. Calls attention to the arrangement of the reprinted essays and speeches, to the steadiness over the years of Frye’s views on Canadian literature and on education, and to his practical and social concerns. Polletta, Gregory. Issues in Contemporary Criticism. Boston: Little, Brown, 1973. 6–13, 15–17, 320–1. An introduction to some of the central terms and doctrines of Frye’s work. Shows how Frye’s criticism is formalistic but also how it is substantially different from both the New Criticism and structuralism. Pollock, James. “Northrop Frye at Bowles Lunch.” AGNI 72 (2010): 37. “I have had sudden visions.” Bloor Street, Toronto, 1934 3 a.m. in the all-night diner, dizzy with Benzedrine and lack of sleep, old books and papers scattered across the table. With his pen, his Dickensian spectacles, his pounding, driving Bourgeois intellect, he charges into a poem by William Blake with two facts and a thesis, cuts Milton open on the table like a murdered corpse and spins it like a teetotum until he’s put each sentence through its purgatory and made the poet bless him with a sign: thus (though perhaps one can picture this only from a point outside of time) he sees the shattered universe around him explode in reverse, and make the flying shards of its blue Rose window whole again

–  You Are Here: Essays on the Art of Poetry in Canada. Erin, ON: Porcupine’s Quill, 2012. “Northrop Frye wrote that for Canadian poets the question of identity isn’t so much ‘Who am I?’ as ‘Where is here?’ Pollock

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gives his answer: that where we are as a literary culture has a great deal to do with our relationship to elsewhere. For far too long, Canadians have refused to read our poetry in the larger international context of poetry as an art, leaving our poets isolated and ignored.” Pop, Doru. “‘The Double Mirror’ in James Cameron’s Avatar—Philosophy, Ecology, Ideology and Ontology on Pandor.” Ekphrasis. Images, Cinema, Theory, Media 2 (2009): 23–51. “The author uses Northrop Frye’s concept of double mirror, as a symbolic interpretation form, meant to explain the key oppositions in the movie, which are not only the relationship between human and aliens, but also those of mind over matter, nature versus technology and power against community. All these concepts are followed in their convergence by a constant double representation, practiced with regard both to character development and narrativity and with respect to audience and actors, and in the changes of the dynamics of cinema production in the XXI century.” –  “Introduction: Towards Integrating Methodologies in Visual Culture Research.” Ekphrasis. Images, Cinema, Theory, Media 2 (2009): 5–9. Uses Frye’s explanation of biblical mythology and expands his notion of the “double mirror.” –  Romanian New Wave Cinema: An Introduction. West Jefferson, NC, and London: McFarland and Co., 2014. Relies on Frye’s classification of heroes in the essay on modes in Anatomy of Criticism according to the power of action each hero has. Pope, Richard W.F. “Fools and Folly in Old Russia.” Review of “Smekhovoi Mir” Drevnai Rusi, by D.S. Likhachev and A.M. Panchenko. Slavic Review 39, no. 3 (September 1980): 476–81. Notes that Likhachev and Frye have very similar views on the role of laughter, which is, in Frye’s words, to provide “some king of deliverance from the unpleasant.” Popescu, Carmen. “Le centon, la satire ménippée et le collage, repères architextuels dans le postmodernisme roumain” [The Patchwork, the Menippean Satire and the Collage, Architextual References in Romanian Postmodernism]. Analele Universităţii din Craiova. Seria Ştiinţe Filologice. Lingvistică 1–2 (2010): 142–55. In French. Notes Frye’s use of the terms “anatomy” and “Menippean satire.” Popescu, Cristian Florin. “Adnotări asupra discursului polemic: Campania generaționistă” [Annotations on the Polemical Discourse: The Generationist Campaign]. Revista de Studii Media 6 (2017): 187–202. In Romanian.

Popović, Helena. “Dobra komedija i granice humora” [Good Comedy and the Limits of Humour]. Sociologija 60, no. 3 (2018): 595–613. In Serbian. On Frye’s view of whether comedy is a genre or a pre-generic narrative mood. Porczyk, Anna. “Letteratura e sacre scritture: Ispirazioni bibliche in opere scelte della narrativa italiana novecentesca” [Literature and the Sacred Scriptures: Biblical References in Selected Works of 20th-Century Italian Prose]. Italica Wratislaviensia 1 (2015): 149–61. In Italian. Blake said that the Bible was the Great Code of art, an aphorism that Frye appropriated for the first of his two studies on the Bible and literature. Porter, J.S. “Making Lists to Dream with and Be Comforted By.” Hamilton Spectator (28 March 2020). In an op-ed column, includes Frye’s Educated Imagination in a list of books he would always like to have close by. Porter, Laurence M. Review of Character and Meaning in the Novels of Victor Hugo, by Usabel Roche. French Review 82, no. 3 (February 2009): 632–3. “Roche’s introduction reviews traditional concepts of fictional characters before explaining that Hugo uses archetype, myth, and melodrama to complicate and challenge ethical commonplaces. Chapter 1 uses Han d’Islande and Bug Jargal convincingly to problematize Northrop Frye’s views on the romance genre. Chapter 2 questions Brooks, Frye, and Prendergast’s view that Hugo writes melodrama reflecting a simplistic moral vision.” Portugal, José Alberto. “‘AGON’: La Imaginación Melodramática de José María Arguedas” [AGON: The Melodramatic Imagination of José María Arguedas]. Revista de Crítica Literaria Latinoamericana 36, no. 72 (2010): 253–75. In Spanish. “Melodrama speaks to our craving for a morally ordered mental universe, to the desire to achieve maximum moral clarity. It expresses an eagerness also for the added satisfaction that produces the reaffirmation in the correction of our values, which is obtained in the spectacle of the triumph of the good. As Northrop Frye tells us, two themes are important in melodrama: the triumph of moral virtue over villainy and the conscious idealization of the moral perspective that is assumed to be the one that sustains the audience.” Posner, Richard A. “The Decline of Literary Criticism.” Philosophy and Literature 32, no. 2 (October 2008): 385–92. Agrees with Frye that the proper function of criticism is not evaluative. Potocco, Marcello. “Imaginarno in slovenska kulturna identifikacija” [Imaginary and Slovenian Cultural Identification]. Филолошки студии [Philological Studies] 1 (2007): 32–8. In Slovenian. Follows Frye’s conception of the narrative construction of society.

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

–  “Literatura, ideološkost in imaginarno” [Literature, Ideology, and the Imaginary]. Primerjalna književnost 28, no. 2 (2006): 65–82. In Croatian. “Althusserians generally reduced literature to a material praxis used for ideological subjection, but the notion of a ‘social imaginary’—developed by C. Castoriadis—seems to be a more useful approach to research into social homogenization and its relation to literature, since literary works have to be addressed both in their relation to the reader and in relation to the extra-textual world. Reception Theory provides a firm ground for such an approach, along with theories of Northrop Frye. . . . In the literary structure, elements may be found that enable a stronger identification with the extra-textual world (which is similar to what Frye calls centrifugal force), but these are primarily identifications with the significations of the social imaginary.” (from Potocco’s abstract) –  “Literarna veda in nacionalno ideološke težnje: Kanadski primer” [Literary Science and National Ideological Aspirations: A Canadian Example]. Primerjalna književnost 30, no. 1 (2007): 81–94. In Croatian. On the nationally oriented tendencies of the Canadian criticism of Canadian literature, with specific reference to Frye’s work and its relations to thematic criticism. –  “Literary Criticism as Cultural Ideology: The Slovenian and Canadian Perspective = La critique littéraire comme idéologie culturelle: Les perspectives canadienne et slovène.” Central European Journal of Canadian Studies 9 (2014): 111–22. Compares instances of nationalistoriented literary criticism in the Slovenian and in the Canadian literary systems by contrasting work by Josip Vidmar, Dušan Pirjevec, Northrop Frye, and Margaret Atwood. Their work is interpreted as a late example of the transnational phenomenon of cultural nationalisms. Canadian and Slovenian cultural nationalisms of the nineteenth century, as well as their late offspring in the twentieth century, are partly interpreted as a consequence of a specific colonial position of the two countries during the nineteenth century, resulting in a politically non-radical, loyalist nationalism. –  “Mitolog družbenih struktur, Northrop Frye in Anatomija kritištva” [A Mythologist of Social Structures: Northrop Frye and His Anatomy of Criticism]. Afterword to Frye’s Anatomija kritištva. Ljubljana: LUD Literatura, 2004. 319–32. In Slovenian. Places Frye’s work into the context of Canadian criticism and the partial reception of Frye’s general theory. Also considers the Anatomy in the context of Frye’s views of society, his understanding of descriptive vs. metaphorical language,

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his opposition between centripetal and centrifugal meaning, and his call for a systematic criticism. –  “Nacionalna identifikacija v Kanadi: Dve poglavji iz odnosov anglofone skupnosti do Združenih držav Amerike” [National Ideology in Canada: Two Examples of Literary Relations between Canada and USA]. Primerjalna Knjizevnost 42, no. 1 (2019): 149–62. In Slovenian. “The most influential imagery of the standard Canadian national myth was explicated by Northrop Frye and Margaret Atwood during the second wave of Canadian nationalism in the 1960s.” –  “Northrop Frye med kanadsko nacionalno kritiko in splošno teorijo” [Northrop Frye’s Place in Canadian National Criticism and General Theory.] Lecture presented at the Slovenian Comparative Literature Association, 23 April 2007. In Slovenian. –  “Problem identitete v angleški kanadski poeziji” [The Problem of Identity in English Canadian Poetry]. Dialogi 38, nos. 1–2 (2001): 22–40. On Frye in relation to the issue of Canadian cultural identity. –  “Prostor kot konstitutivni element kanadske imaginacje in njenih retoričnih ubeseditev” [Space as the Constituent Element of Canadian Imagination and Its Rhetorical Expression]. Primerjalna književnost Letn. 36, no. 3 (2013): 195–213. In Slovenian. “A case study analyzing space as part of the Canadian national myth. Following a short study of two typical renderings of the relation between space and its rhetoric counterparts (in the poetry of John Newlove and E.J. Pratt), the author offers a critical overview of the Canadian imaginary of space as predominantly constituted in the works of E.J. Pratt, Northrop Frye, and Margaret Atwood, as well as an overview of their poststructuralist detractors.” (author’s abstract) –  “Re-reading Northrop Frye: Images of Culture and the Canadian Context.” Acta Neophilologica 1 (2006): 89–105. In Slovenian. Argues that Frye’s use of the term “imagination” allows him to differentiate the “social imaginary and the fictive.” –  “Water in English Canadian Literature: Imagery and Appropriations.” Annales–Anali Za Istrske in Mediteranske Studije–Series Historia et Sociologia 21, no. 1 (2011): 19–30. “Analyzes some typical examples of water imagery in English Canadian literature, especially in the poetry of E.J. Pratt, A. Lampman, and Margaret Atwood, as well as in Atwood’s novel Oryx and Crake. In the selected cases, water is used as a hostile and static element; particularly in the description of ice and snow, water is seen to lose its dynamic quality, thus being deprived of its original vitality and fertility. Though

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hostility may lend itself to interpretations derived from Northrop Frye’s definition of the Canadian national myth, his definition must be taken with caution.” (author’s abstract) Potter, Brett David. “Theology, Imagination, Vision: Northrop Frye and Karl Barth on the Word of God.” Paper presented at the Canadian Theological Society Annual Meeting, Waterloo, ON, May 2012. –  “A Word Not Our Own: Northrop Frye and Karl Barth on Revelation and Imagination.” Literature and Theology 28, no. 4 (December 2014): 438–56. “The complex relationship between Frye’s literary criticism and Christian theology is evident in his twofold approach to the dialectical theology of Karl Barth. Alvin A. Lee has rightly suggested that Frye’s writings contain an ‘implicit critique’ of Barthian neo-orthodoxy. However, there are also aspects of Barth’s thought which find analogues in Frye’s writings on literature and language. Here three initial points of contact between Frye and Barth are outlined: the passage from Barth’s analogia fidei to Frye’s Blakean analogia visionis; Barth’s doctrine of the ‘Word of God’ and its radical re-envisioning in Frye’s model of imagination, particularly in the case of the Bible; and finally, the relationship of mythology to the kerygma of Christian revelation, an area in which Frye and Barth both stress the power of the divine Logos to transform human culture.” (author’s abstract) Potter, Joyce Elizabeth. “Beautiful for Situation: Bible Literature and Art in Modern Books for Children.” Children’s Literature Association Quarterly 11, no. 4 (Winter 1986–7): 186–92. Looks at the way Frye “builds requirements for children’s Bible reading into his critically constructed theory of literature as monomyth, a theory which, even if only an elaborate fiction, is a bridge whereby literature and art may perhaps pass to a civilized future, carrying many human beings in their keeping.” Potter, Nicholas. Shakespeare’s Late Plays: Pericles, Cymbeline, The Winter’s Tale, The Tempest. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009. Chapter 6, on The Winter’s Tale, discusses Frye’s views on that play. Potts, Michael. “‘Evening Lands’ Spenglerian Tropes in Lord of the Rings.” Tolkien Studies 13, no. 1 (December 2016): 149–68. Argues that “J.R.R. Tolkien’s most famous work, The Lord of the Rings, was influenced by Oswald Spengler’s immensely influential work, The Decline of the West. Following Northrop Frye, I note that there is significant evidence that even those who had not read Spengler directly would have been conditioned by his vision of world history and the West.

In particular, I look at the representation of Saruman and Sauron as embodying the ultimately self-defeating ‘Faustian’ nature of Western civilization which begins with seeking knowledge but ends in imperialism.” Powe, Bruce W. “Fear of Fryeing: Northrop Frye and the Theory of Myth Criticism.” Antigonish Review 49 (Spring 1982): 123–44. Rpt. in Powe, A Climate Charged. Oakville, ON: Mosaic Press, 1984. 34–54. Questions the value of Frye’s work outside of academic circles. Claims that his detached, theoretical commentary eradicates the human and moral dimension of art and that he ignores the particularity of literature. What is valuable in Frye “is the comprehensiveness of his concepts, his subtle synthesis of ideas, and the richness . . . in his prose,” but what Frye neglects is the “practical and public” function of criticism. –  “McLuhan and Frye, Either/Or.” A Climate Charged. Oakville, ON: Mosaic Press, 1984. 55–8. Compares and contrasts the intentions, methods of thinking, and writing strategies of Frye and Marshall McLuhan. –  “Magnetic City Alchemy.” English Studies in Canada 36, nos. 2–3 (June–September 2010): 10–13. An excerpt from Powe’s then forthcoming book, Apocalypse and Alchemy: Visions of Marshall McLuhan and Northrop Frye. –  “On the Unique ‘Apocalyptic’ Insights of Marshall McLuhan and Northrop Frye, Colleagues at the University of Toronto for Thirty-Four Years.” Mars Hill Audio Journal 126 (March–April 2015). Audio disc no. 1. Charlottesville, VA: Mars Hill Audio, 2015. –  “Presences Signatures and Evocations.” Ellipse: Texts littéraires canadiens en traduction/Canadian Writing in Translation 87–8 (2012): 35–43. A work-in-progress essay based on the opening chapter of Powe’s book on Frye and McLuhan, Apocalypse and Alchemy. Power, Kevin. Review of Adam Roberts: Critical Essays, ed. Christos Callow Jr. and Anna McFarlane. Foundation 48, no. 132 (2019): 113–16. Michelle Yost’s essay on Roberts “usefully invokes ideas about Menippean satire articulated by Bakhtin and by Northrop Frye to read Roberts as a Voltairean ironist, re-inscribing contemporary political deformations in an sf context, and thereby disclosing their absurdity.” Prakash, Prem. “Narrative as Tragic Romance: Northrop Frye’s Theory of Modes and a Khushwant Singh Story.” In Indian English Literature since 1950, vol. 1, ed. Charu Sheel Singh. New Delhi: Anmol Pub., 2002. Prangell, Peter. “Critique: Scarborough Civic Centre as Envelope Architecture.” Canadian Architect 18, no. 11

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(1 November 1973): 42–7. Supports Frye’s view on the necessity of criticism of public art. Pratt, Annis. “Archetypal Approaches to the New Feminist Criticism.” Bucknell Review 21 (Spring 1973): 3–14. Argues that the insights of Frye, along with those of Jung and Joseph Campbell, “if turned upside down to admit of women as human participants in the quest for identity and rebirth experience, are helpful in the elucidation of the psycho-mythological development of the female hero.” –  “Medusa in Canada.” Centennial Review 31 (Winter 1987): 1–32. Draws upon Frye’s theories of Canadian literature to examine the use of the Medusa figure in Canadian writing. Reviews Frye’s changing attitudes about the relationship between nature and culture in his criticism of Canadian literature. –  “Spinning among Fields: Jung, Frye, Lévi-Strauss and Feminist Archetypal Theory.” In Feminist Archetypal Theory: Interdisciplinary Re-visions of Jungian Thought, ed. Estella Lauter and Carol Schreier Rupprecht. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1985. 93–136 [106–18]; rpt. in Jungian Literary Criticism, ed. Richard P. Sugg. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1992. 153–66. Argues that although Frye’s analysis of archetypes is often gynophobic, his “method, principally the description of archetypal categories as they structure literary form, is a tool that feminist critics can appropriate profitably and use for their own purposes.” Pratt, Diane. “Faith Briefs.” Winnipeg Free Press (23 June 2012). “St. Andrew’s River Heights United Church (Winnipeg, MB) welcomes you to a service celebrating the centenary of Northrop Frye’s birth, July 15, 10:30 a.m. Calling all U. of T. grads and admirers of Northrop Frye. We will share readings and reflections by Frye, Canada’s greatest philosopher and biblical literary critic.” Pratt, E.J. Letters. Ed. Elizabeth Popham and David G. Pitt. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2017. References to Frye scattered throughout, most having to do with social occasions. Prawer, S.S. Comparative Literary Studies: An Introduction. London: Duckworth, 1973. 57, 111, 122, 145–6. Comments on Frye’s work in comparative literature: his treatment of tradition, theme, periods, and his “placing” of texts beside one another for mutual illumination.

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Preda, Alina. “Truth, Genre and the Hermeneutics of Subjectivity.” Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai— Psychologia-Paedagogia 2 (2007): 153–64. “In his well-informed discussion on the concept of genre, Dan Clinton explains that genre is a French word ‘imported directly into the English language,’ derived from the Latin ‘genus,’ itself derived from the Greek ‘genos.’ In Anatomy of Criticism (1957) Northrop Frye claims: ‘[w]e discover that the critical theory of genre is stuck precisely where Aristotle left it. The very word ‘genre’ sticks out in an English sentence as the unpronounceable and alien thing it is.’” Pretila, Noël Wayne. “Incorporation of Myth.” In ReAppropriating “Marvellous Fables”: Justin Martyr’s Strategic Retrieval of Myth in “1 Apology.” Cambridge, UK: James Clarke and Co., 2014. “Frye demonstrates the pervasiveness of the typological method arguing for its application even within non-Christian ideological histories such as Marxism and Judaism.” Prettejohn, Elizabeth. “Ford Madox Brown and History Painting.” Visual Culture in Britain 18 (September 2014): 1–19. Uses Frye’s theory of emplotment. Preussner, Arnold W. “Kubrick’s Eyes Wide Shut as Shakespearean Tragicomedy.” Literature/Film Quarterly 29, no. 4 (2001): 290–6. “I think we can at least tentatively assert that Kubrick’s final screen endeavor [Eyes Wide Shut] seeks to offer its audience a version of what Northrop Frye has called ‘secular scripture:’ In Frye’s formulation, romance as ‘secular scripture’ functions as a surrogate belief system within a culture that has come to disregard or downplay traditional belief systems.” –  “Woody Allen’s The Purple Rose of Cairo and the Genres of Comedy.” Literature/Film Quarterly 16 (1988): 39–43. Shows how Allen’s film is indebted to three of the four types of comedy Frye identifies in “The Argument of Comedy”: Aristophanic Old Comedy, Roman New Comedy, and Shakespearean “green world” comedy. Přibáňová, Alena. “Northrop Frye: Mýtus.” Host 3 (1997): 3–18.

Praz, Mario. “La critica americana di oggi” [Today’s American Criticism]. Prospetti [Rome] (Spring 1955).

Price, Hereward T. “A Survey of Shakespeare Scholarship in 1953.” Shakespeare Quarterly 5 (Spring 1954): 109–28 [122–3]. A brief account of Frye’s essay, “Characterization in Shakespearean Comedy.” Summarizes Frye’s argument about typical comic structures and characters and their appearance in Shakespeare.

–  “Teogonie di Blake” [Blake’s Theogonies]. Perseo e la Medusa. Milan: Mondadori, 1979.

Price-Williams, Douglas. “In Search of Mythopoeic Thought.” Ethos 27, no. 1 (March 1999): 25–32.

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Glances at Frye’s use of Dante’s schema of four levels of meaning. Pridgeon, Stephanie M. “The Revolution’s Never-ending Stories: Liliana Heker’s El fin de la historia.” Journal of Latin American Cultural Studies 25, no. 1 (October 2015): 1–21. On the ironic mode as marking the disappearance of the heroic, drawing on Frye’s account of irony in Anatomy of Criticism. Prins, Harald E.L., and John Bishop. “Edmund Carpenter: Explorations in Media & Anthropology.” Visual Anthropology Review 17, no. 2 (Fall–Winter 2001–2): 110–40. About the experimental journal Explorations, founded by Carpenter and Marshall McLuhan, Prins says: “Although Explorations had a limited circulation, the eclectic journal was influential in a small but important cross-disciplinary group of scholars. In addition to contributions by anthropologists such as Dorothy Lee, the literary critic Northrop Frye, and various other cutting-edge thinkers, the journal featured articles by Carpenter and McLuhan.” Pritchard, William. Review of All Heaven in a Rage, by Leo Damrosch. Wall Street Journal (31 October 2015): C7. Procházka, Martin. “Northrop Frye and Archetypal Criticism.” In Literary Theory: An Historical Introduction. Prague: Faculty of Philosophy, Charles University, 1994. 78–81. A concise overview of the principles of Frye’s literary theory as found in Anatomy of Criticism. Proietti, Salvatore. “Eliot e Frye”: In Presenza di T.S. Eliot [Eliot and Frye: In the Presence of T.S. Eliot], ed. Agostino Lombardo. Rome: Bulzoni, 2001. 349–65. Pryal, Katie Rose Guest. “The Genre of the Mood Memoir and the Ethos of Psychiatric Disability.” Rhetoric Society Quarterly 40, no. 5 (2010): 479–501. Notes Frye’s observation that ‘’The purpose of criticism by genres is not so much to classify as to clarify . . . traditions and affinities, thereby bringing out a large number of literary relationships that would not be noticed as long as there were no context established for them.’’ Przemysław Piotrowski, Stefan Florek. “Delinquens Narrator: On the Roots and Selected Aspects of the Narrative Approach to Criminality.” Resocjalizacja Polska 2 (2015): 283–96. David Canter’s narrative approach, developed in recent years, along with Donna Youngs’s is based on the concept of Frye’s archetypes and the Dan McAdams’ theory of narrative identity. In referring to Aristotle’s Poetics, Frye assumes that the stories always take the form of one of the four “mythical archetypes”: comedy, romance, tragedy or irony.

Youngs and Canter argue that the concept of narrative can be operationalized, using the term “role.” They treat “narrative roles” as manifestations of certain topics of offenders’ life narratives, in a specific criminal situation. Pšihistal, Ružica. “Uvod u alegoriju” [Introduction to Allegory]. Anafora—časopis za znanost o književnosti 1 (2014): 95–117. In Bosnian. Examines Frye’s view of allegory as a structural principle of literature. Pu, Wong Wen. “Sophia and the Utopian Imagination.” Review of Judith Huang, Sofia and the Utopia Machine. Mackerel (7 September 2018). http://www.mackerel. life/sofia-and-the-utopian-imagination. “Northrop Frye once remarked that utopian/dystopian literature, despite being expressed in terms of myth, are nevertheless highly relatable to their contemporaneous audience. This is because they are projections of present social symptoms into the future; they imagine the telos of the society in which the mythmaker lives. Literary utopias show us the best version of ourselves, while their satirical cousins have us at our worse. True to form, Huang’s utopian satire is an (exaggerated) snapshot of present-day Singaporean socio-dynamic.” Publicover, Laurence. “Shakespeare at Sea.” Essays in Criticism 64, no. 2 (2014): 138–57. “Some classic readings in Shakespeare have explored the symbolic meanings of his seas and considered their role in the formation of character: G. Wilson Knight and Northrop Frye found that characters’ relations to the sea in Pericles and The Tempest were suggestive of their situations within the plays’ larger mythical and providentialist narratives. . . . Knight and Frye, and earlier writers such as Byron and Eliot, tended to regard the sea as an entity that transcends all times and cultures; but the Shakespearian sea may be historicised rather more precisely.” Punt, Jeremy. “A Cultural Turn in New Testament Studies?” HTS: Theological Studies 73, no. 4 (May 2017): a3213. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hts.v72i4.3213. “Northrop Frye referred to the Bible as the ‘great code’ that underwrites Western civilisation. In many other parts of the world, too, the Bible is part of the prevailing cultural legacies.” Puskás-Bajkó, Albina. “Cleopatra—the Gipsy Queen.” Journal of Romanian Literary Studies 8 (2016): 432–8. “Cleopatra (in Antony and Cleopatra, by William Shakespeare) was seen by critics as a symbol of feminine vanity, a cunning snake that deceives whenever and whomever she can, a fabulous being who caresses and entices men only to kill them, a colourful and lascivious witch, a disobedient woman who does not

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

know her place, enslaving Antony and Caesar. The literary critic Northrop Frye goes further, associating the Apollonian figure of Rome/Caesar with knowledge and order, but the figure of Egypt/Cleopatra’s with the Dionysian knowledge. This binary of human knowledge has ancient traditions in philosophy. The most famous philosopher of knowledge who based his theory of cultures on the popular Greek myth was Friedrich Nietzsche in The Birth of Tragedy (1872), which argues for the indispensability of the arts for making a living. In this theory Nietzsche outlines the differences between the two types of energies required in art: the energies of Apollo, in portrayals of beauty and order, epitomized by the figure of Rome/Caesar; and the energies of Dionyssos, a primary manifestation of the sublime and ecstatic experience, of which the image of Egypt/ Cleopatra is the perfect example.” Pye, Douglas. “The Western (Genre and Movies).” In Film Genre Reader III, ed. B.K. Grant. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1995. 187–202. Classifies film protagonists on the basis of Frye’s theory of modes. Pyenson, Lewis. “The Einstein-Picasso Question: NeoIdealist Abstraction in the Decorative Arts and Manufactures.” Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 43, no. 3 (2013): 281–333. Calls on Frye’s understanding of the differences between the arts and the sciences: the sciences begin with the world we see; the arts, with the world we construct. Q Qi, Liang. “Constructing a Literary “Critical Path” with Chinese Characteristics: Looking Back at Frye Studies in China.” Journal of Inner Mongolia University (Humanities and Social Sciences) 6 (2011): 81–7. Qose, Belfjore. “The Figure of Pontius Pilate in the Novel The Master and Margarita by Bulgakov Compared with Pilate in the Bible.” Kairos: Evanđeoski teološki časopis 1 (2013): 55–67. Uses the word “archetype” in the way Frye uses it in Anatomy of Criticism. Quasha, George. “Orc as a Fiery Paradigm of Poetic Torsion.” In Blake’s Visionary Forms Dramatic, ed. David V. Erdman and John E. Grant. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1971. Calls on Frye’s distinction between the literature of process and the literature of product. Quattrocchi, Edward. “Allen’s Literary Antecedents in Crimes and Misdemeanors.” Literature/Film Quarterly 19, no. 2 (1991): 90–8. Woody Allen’s “understanding of the classic distinction between comedy and tragedy is reflected in the dual plot of Crimes and Misdemeanors.

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This distinction can be traced to the beginning of the theater and continues to the present day. In his ‘Argument of Comedy,’ Northrop Frye observes that the tragic catharsis ‘is a mental or imaginative form of the sacrificial ritual out of which tragedy arose. This is the ritual of the struggle, death, and rebirth of a God-man, which is linked to the yearly triumph of spring over winter.’ What follows from this, Frye concludes, is ‘first that tragedy is really implicit or unrecognized comedy; second, that comedy contains a potential tragedy within itself.’” Quilligan, Maureen. “The Reader.” In The Language of Allegory: Defining the Genre. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1979. “In the Anatomy of Criticism, Northrop Frye reasons that because actual allegory explicitly indicates how a commentary on it ought to proceed, ‘the commenting critic is often prejudiced against allegory without knowing the real reason, which is that continuous allegory prescribes the direction of his commentary.’ Because all commentary is actually allegoresis, whereby the critic treats the text in front of him as a veiled offering of a hidden message, what Frye implies ought to strike us as something of a paradox, namely, that it is specifically the allegorical critic who does not like allegory.” In the “Afterword” Quilligan writes: ‘Northrop Frye has said that one of the tasks of criticism is the recovering of the function of a work of art, “not of course the restoration of an original function, which is out of the question, but the creation of function in a new context.”’ The main argument of this book is that in the latter part of the twentieth century, we are once again in a position to appreciate the original function of allegorical narrative, and therefore to recreate this function in a new context— not only as readers of older texts, but as readers of contemporary texts.” Quinney, Laura. “Tintern Abbey, Sensibility, and the Self-Disenchanted Self.” ELH 64, no. 1 (1997): 131–56. Looks to Frye to characterize the poetry of sensibility as a poetry of “process,” self-reflexively concerned with its own unfolding, and taking its search for a theme as a theme in itself. Quinones, Ricardo J. Mapping Literary Modernism. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985. Takes issue with Frye’s claim that “Anti-Romanticism . . . had no resources for becoming anything more than a postRomantic movement.” Quint, Alyssa. “‘Yiddish Literature for the Masses’? A Reconsideration of Who Read What in Jewish Eastern Europe.” Association for Jewish Studies Review 29, no. 1 (April 2005): 61–89. Sholem Aleichem openly attacked

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the Yiddish romance novelist Nakhum Shaykevitsh (aka Shomer) (1849–1905): “he famously pronounced Shomer’s romances to be a scourge on the Yiddish readership. In his eyes, his books were no more than facile translations of foreign stories that, he argued, dulled the tastes of the Yiddish-speaking public. And he backed up his words with pages of analysis of Shomer’s novels. Scholars more or less agree with Sholem Aleichem’s assessment. To use the categories of the literary critic Northrop Frye, Shomer’s work indulged in the ‘deliberately naïve appeal’ made by all other popular fiction: ‘superficially complicated,’ it resorted to ‘obvious and obtrusive convention’ and ‘told his readers little that was credible about their own lives.’” Quint, David. “The Disenchanted World of Paradise Regained.” Huntington Library Quarterly 76, no. 1 (Spring 2013): 181–94. “Paradise Regained, I want to argue by way of an expansion of Frye’s account, extends the exorcism of unclean spirits from the oracular temple to expel them from the world of nature itself, the world that Satan falsely claims to possess as his dominion. More starkly than Paradise Lost, the sequel epic places itself in a line of Renaissance thought, rationalist and Protestant, that destroyed an older cosmos of inborn spiritual forces and magical sympathies. The removal of the demonic from nature—more properly, the removal of the idea of nature spirits from the habits of human thought—predominates and accounts for Milton’s two striking additions to the gospel narrative: the banquet temptation in book 2 and the storm scene of book 4.” –  “Petrarch, Ronsard, and the Seven Year Itch.” MLN 124, no. 5, Comparative Literature, Special Issue in Honor of J. Freccero: Fifty Years with Dante and Italian Literature (December 2009): S137–S154. “Lyric expresses a moment of intense feeling and experience that seems in the formulation of Northrop Frye to ‘turn away from our ordinary continuous experience in space or time,’ suggesting the entrance into an interior consciousness that seems to lie outside temporal sequence and to resist it through memory—‘dolce nella memória,’ as Petrarch puts it in perhaps his most famous poem, the persistent sweetness or feeling that preserves the experience in memory or that may itself replace it.” R Raburn, Josephine. “The Changeover, a Fantasy of Opposites.” Children’s Literature in Education: An International Quarterly 23, no. 1 (March 1992): 27–38. “Asserts that ‘The Changeover,’ by Margaret Mahy, is a fantasy of opposites which try to explain the feminine psyche and the universe. Shows how Mahy

weaves Maori animism, pre-Hellenic moon mythology, Christianity, Jungian psychology, and modern science into one rich human tapestry of thought.” Radu, Cristian. “The Temptation of Absolute Knowledge: Vintila Horia and the Modern European Novel.” Philobiblon 18, no. 2 (July–December 2013): 427–53. Draws on Frye’s theory of the four forms of prose fiction to characterize the prose of the Romanian writer Vintila Horia. His narratives come closest to what Frye calls the romance. Radulović, Olivera. “НAРAТИВНИ ОБЛИЦИ У POMAHY HA ДРИНИ ЋУПРИЈA ИВЕ AНДРИЂA” [Plenty of Narrative Forms in the Novel: The Bridge on the Drina by Ivo Andrić]. Зборник Матице српске за књижевност и језик 2 (2009): 317–29. In Bosnian. In Anatomy of Criticism Frye says that he is using the word “archetype” in the broad sense of an image that repeats itself as an element of universal literary experience. Rafolt, Leo. “Nove tendencije i interpretativne paradigme (II.)” [Tendencies and Interpretative Paradigms (II)]. Književna Republika, časopis za književnost 3–4 (2007): 44–67. In Bosnian. Thinks it is time to re-evaluate Frye’s Shakespearean criticism, foregrounding the critiques of cultural studies and the new historicism. Raičević, Gorana. “‘Arhetipska kritika Nortropa Fraja u kontekstu angloameričke kritičke škole” [Northrop Frye’s Archetypal Criticism in the Context of the AngloAmerican Critical Schools]. In Teorijsko-istorijski pregled komparativne terminologje kod Srba, Književno društvo “Sveti Sava.” Beograd: Literary Society, Saint Sava, 2006. 77–91. In Croatian. Raimondi, Ezio. “La critica simbolica” [Symbolic Criticism]. MLN 84 (January 1969): 1–15 [11–15]. In Italian. Trans. Catherine and Richard Macksey. Rpt. as “Symbolic Criticism” in Velocities of Change: Critical Essays for MLN, ed. Richard Macksey. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1974. 117–37 [128–31]. In Italian. A summary account of Frye’s theory of myths. “Like an enchanted forest in the hands of an extraordinarily clever magician who never tires of discovering analogies, mysterious figures, surprising deviations and oppositions, Frye’s criticism may appear from time to time to be a sort of embryology in the manner of Blake or Spengler, a gnostic odyssey, a taxonomy of the imagination, an apocalypse of Kierkegaardian ‘repetition,’ an Aristotelian utopia transplanted into symbolism, for which the last chapter of Finnegans Wake might serve as emblem.” –  “Teorie della letteratura e della critica del Novecento” [Theories of Literature and Twentieth-Century

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Criticism]. In Guida allo studio della letteratura italiana, ed. Emilio Pasquini. In Italian. Bologna: Il Mulino, 1985. Rafolt, Leo. “S onu stranu žanra. Kratka povijest tragedije u svjetlu ranonovovjekovnih normativnih poetika” [Beyond Genre: Short History of Tragedy in the Light of the Early Modern Normative Poetics]. Umjetnost riječi 3–4 (2007): 183–220. In Bosnian. Notes Frye’s view of tragedy as embodying the ironic. Rahmouni, Souad. “The Stubborn Underdog Antiheo and His Distorted Democratic Utopia in I Married a Communist.” Acta Iassyensia Comparationis 15 (2015): 207–15. Uses Frye’s low-mimetic and ironic modes to characterize Philip Roth’s protagonists. Rajan, Tilottama. “Blake’s Body without Organs: The Autogenesis of the System in the Lambeth Books.” European Romantic Review 26, no. 3 (May 2015): 357– 66. Sets down a different view of Blake’s Urizen from Frye’s. Ramakrishna, D. “Anand’s Idea of the Novel.” In Indian Fiction in English, ed. P. Mallikarjuna Rao and Mittapalli Rajeshwar. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers & Distributors, 1999. 6–12. Begins with Frye’s distinction between literary form and literary content. Ramanan, Mohan. “Northrop Frye on Canadian Poetry.” In Studies in Literature in English, vol. 6., ed. Mohit K. Ray. New Delhi: Atlantic, 2003. –  “Northrop Frye’s Cultural Criticism.” Literary Criterion 34, no. 4 (1999): 31–6. –  “‘Who’s Afraid of Absurdity’: The Intellectual in Lorraine Hansberry’s The Sign in Sidney Brustein’s Window.” Indian Journal of American Studies 20, no. 1 (1990): 67–73. Frye’s structuralist approach serves to distance Lorraine Hansberry’s work from the cultural nationalism of other African-American authors from the 1950s through the 1970s. Ramon, Micaela. “Pour une classification généalogique des formes narratives de fiction de la période baroque: Fortunes et infortunes de la nouvelle [“A Genealogical Classification of Baroque Prose Fiction: Fortunes and Misfortunes of the Novel]. Caietele Echinox 16 (2009): 87–97. In French. On Frye’s distinction between novel and romance, from his theory of genres in Anatomy of Criticism. Ramos, Juan G. Review of Creativity and Science in Contemporary Argentine Literature: Between Romanticism and Formalism, by Joanna Page. MLN 132, no. 2 (March 2017): 536–8. “Page is convincing in her reading of Russian formalists Viktor Shklovsky

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and Yury Tynyanov, as well as in her engagement with the work of Northrop Frye, Ernst Bloch, and Michel Serres, among others, to argue for ways in which these novels [Martínez’s La mujer del maestro and Piglia’s Respiración artificial] connect with specific Romantic and Formalist concepts to advance notions of literary evolution and creativity.” Rampton, David, ed. “Introduction.” In Rampton, Northrop Frye, viii–xxix. Begins by noting the expansive range of Frye’s interdisciplinary interests and his energy, especially as they are revealed in his diaries, and then provides an overview of each of the essays in the collection he edited, Northrop Frye: New Directions from Old. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 2009. Ramraj, Victor J. “Language and Perception: Reinstating the Individual in Postcolonial Literary Studies.” Cross/ Cultures 181 (2 January 2015). https://www.questia. com/library/journal/1P4-1951431594/language-andperception-reinstating-the-individual. “Frye identifies what he terms ‘primary’ and ‘secondary’ concerns in literature. Primary concerns, according to him, are akin to Wordsworth’s notion of the ‘primary laws of our nature’ which are shared by all peoples of all times and include the ‘essential passions of the heart’ and the desire to live comfortably with food, shelter, and companionship. Secondary concerns, on the other hand, include ‘loyalty to one’s place in the class structure and in short to everything that comes under the heading of ideology.’” Ramsden, Edmund. The Suicidal Animal: Science and the Nature of Self-Destruction.” Past & Present 224, no. 1 (2014): 201–42. Ramveer, Neha Singh. “A Study of Moliere’s The Miser within the Apparatus of Northrop Frye’s Theory of Modes.” International Journal of English Language, Literature, and Humanities 3, no. 6 (August 2015): 48–53. Rangarajan, Sudarsan. “The Roman d’Aventures as a Subgenre in Maria Chapdelaine.” French Review 83, no. 4 (2010): 767–83. “Since the decline of the heroic romance in the seventeenth century, the evolution of the adventure novel’s content has been marked by ambiguity as the following two divergent views on the issue demonstrate. . . . Pierre Daniel Huet calls romances “des histoires feintes d’aventures amoureuses.” . . . Affirming that their principal subject is love, he writes that romances ‘ne traitent la politique et la guerre que par incident’ [treat politics and war only by incident]. On the other hand, according to the twentieth century critic Northrop Frye, ‘The essential element of plot

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in romance is adventure,’ and [the] major adventure, the element that gives literary form to the romance, is quest.”

Frye attempted to throw off the shackles of European influence by forging a new association with a ‘virile’ Canadian North.”

Rao, Jing. Center and Labyrinth: The Study of Northrop Frye’s Principles of Mythological Interpretation. Beijing: People’s Publishing House, 2017. In Chinese. “This book starts with a descriptive language model, analyzes Frye’s critical language and style, and explains the limitations of mythic interpretation and the conflicts of interpretation caused by ideological language.”

Rasky, Harry. Northrop Frye: The Great Teacher. A Harry Rasky film, aired on CBC television, 10 February 1990. Filmed at Hart House, University of Toronto, June 1988.

–  “The Construction of Northrop Frye’s Cultural Criticism.” Lanzhou Journal 8 (2009). In Chinese. Frye’s critical focus on literature is a part of his centripetal emphasis. His focus on culture is centrifugal. Rao, Mallikarjuna, and Mittapalli Rajeshwar, eds. Indian Fiction in English. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers, 1999. On the recurrent patterns in Canadian literature, according to Frye, who sees these patterns as unconsciously derived. Rapaport, Herman. “Big Data: Communicating outside the Medium of Meaning.” Symplokē 24, nos. 1–2 (2016): 447–57. “In 2009, Representations published a suite of essays on ‘surface reading,’ a mode of textual analysis that privileged literal description over what Sharon Marcus and Steven Best disparagingly called ‘the excavation of hidden truths’ by ‘critic heroes.’ Despite all the mitigating qualifiers, this sort of approach pits a scientific mentality, based on anonymous information retrieval and algorithmic modeling, against a personalist hermeneutic mentality that, as in the work of figures such as Erich Auerbach, Northrop Frye, and Geoffrey Hartman, intuitively exposed latent meanings and formal associations that interpreted the literal appearance of what a text says by exposing the multidimensionality of its signifying features.” –  Later Derrida: Reading the Recent Work. New York: Routledge, 2003. Argues that Derrida’s thoughts on literature “are not entirely remote from those of Frye, which recognize the significance of the repetition of symbolic patterns.” Raschke, Debrah. “Framed Identity: Finding Lucy in Atwood’s ‘Death by Landscape.’” Mosaic: An Interdisciplinary Critical Journal 45, no. 3 (2012): 65–80. “Most previous readings of Atwood’s tale [‘Death by Landscape’] have insightfully focused on how representations of nature are linked to a labyrinthine image of Canadian cultural identity—one that is colonized and feminine and another that is imperialistic and masculine. As Eva Mackey notes, the Group of Seven, the Canada First Movement, and Northrop

Raspa, Richard. “Encouraging Whistle Berries: Paradoxical Intervention in The Taming of the Shrew.” Mediterranean Studies 19 (2010): 102–11. “Sexual politics is at odds with the very premise of comedy. The comic mode, as Northrop Frye explains, brings us into the presence of archetypal life-generating and life-diminishing forces. Comedy affirms renewal. It celebrates the power of love to bring new life into being. At the play’s conclusion, when the masks of comedy have dropped, and characters’ awareness of human limitation as well as possibility has more or less expanded, people can begin life once more, no matter the number of times they have fallen and failed. Comedy bestows new beginnings. It offers the opportunity to experience the joys of being alive in close relationships.” Ratajczak, Dobrochina. “Przestrzenie narodowej tragedii” [Spaces of National Tragedy]. Pamietnik Literacki 72, no. 2 (1981): 63–4. In Polish. Comments briefly on Frye’s idea of “the phase of decline,” which lies behind the archetype of tragedy. Rath, Sura Prasad. “Comic Polarities in Flannery O’Connor’s Wise Blood.” Studies in Short Fiction 21 (Summer 1984): 251–8. Uses Frye’s theory of the four archetypal comic characters to argue that the comic effect of O’Connor’s novel “results from the confrontations among characters which form comic polarities” in the story. Raucourt, Gilles de. “Une approche littéraire de la typologie: Northrop Frye” [A Literary Approach to Typology: Northrop Frye]. In Typologies anciennes et nouvelles: Approches de la typologie dans l’exégse et la théologie biblique contemporaines. Bruxelles: Institut d’Études Théologiques, 2010. In French. Chapter 3 (pp. 22–53) is an exposition of Frye’s theory of typology. Raval, Suresh. “Criticism as Science: Richards and Frye.” In Metacriticism. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1981. 144–52 [149–52]. Says that Frye’s effort to treat literature as objective and autonomous is based upon metahistorical conceptions of reality that are not susceptible to logical proofs and that Frye’s own perceptions of value (e.g., his belief in the significance of romance) are “not reducible to objectively available facts.”

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Raven, Paul Graham. “Anatomy of Criticism—First Essay: Historical Criticism: Theory of Modes.” Paper Knife [7 March 2011]. See Kincaid, Paul. Ravvin, Norman. “Foundational Myths of Multiculturalism and Strategies of Canon Formation.” Mosaic 29, no. 3 (September 1996): 117–28. “Harold Bloom’s The Western Canon and Robert Lecker’s Making It Real reflect radically different perceptions of the relationship between ‘great books’ and multiculturalism. In the process of reviewing their basic connections, this essay attempts to identify two of the founding myths of multiculturalism and to explore the legacy of Northrop Frye’s notion of ‘The Peaceable Kingdom.’” (author’s abstract) Rawnsley, Ciara. “‘Once upon a Time.’” Cymbeline, Fairy Tales and ‘the Terrifying Truth of the Inner Life.’” In Shakespeare and Emotions: Inheritances, Enactments, Legacies, ed. R. White, K. O’Loughlin, and Mark Houlahan. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. 39–47. Points to Frye’s view that the fairy tales links in Cymbeline are pivotal. Rawson, Claude. Review of Mapping Mythologies: Countercurrents in Eighteenth-Century Poetry and Cultural History, by Marilyn Butler. Common Knowledge 24, no. 1 (January 2018): 169–70. Notes that Butler built on the insights of Frye, M.H. Abrams, and Harold Bloom. Ray, Mohit K. “Golding’s Use of Myths in Lord of the Flies.” Interlitteraria 13 (2008): 364–73. “Lord of the Flies can also be read as an anagogic myth covering the whole span from creation, fall, receding hope of redemption, appearance-departure-reappearance-death of the Messiah. Thus the novel can be studied in the light of Northrop Frye’s spectrum of anagogic myths—from the apocalyptic to the demonic—the beginning and end of man as envisaged in the Biblical myths. . . . Lord of the Flies conforms nicely to the idea of the myth of descent as suggested by Northrop Frye.” Readman, Mark. Review of Screenwriters and Screenwriting: Putting Practice into Context, ed. Craig Batty. Journal of Media Practice 21 (July 2015): 1–3. Notes the use of Frye’s theory of satire in chapter 15, “Girls Who Make the Jokes: Feature Film Screenwriting for the Satirical Female Voice,” by Marilyn Tofler. Ready, Oliver. “In Praise of Booze: ‘Moskva-Petushki’ and Erasmian Irony.” Slavonic and East European Review 88, no. 3 (2010): 437–67. Considers Frye’s account of the characteristic features of the Menippean satire as a form of fiction.

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Real, Julian. “Bergetto—The Prodigal Son Abroad in ‘The Iron Age.’” Early Modern Literary Studies, Special Issue 26 (2017). “Bergetto [in John Ford’s ’Tis a Pity She’s a Whore] is therefore something of a paradox. On a literal level he embodies inconsequential, immature foolishness, but his allegorical identity is implicitly related to matters of deep spiritual significance, most especially the possibility of corrupt humanity finding divine redemption. Unfortunately, ‘implicit allegory’ such as Northrop Frye describes as being prevalent at this time, is inherently ephemeral, and the modern need for empirical logic denies us the ready and fluid acceptance of multiple interpretations of a single text, so characteristic of the medieval and early modern mind-set. Present-day readers and audience members, generally unfamiliar with biblical and classical texts and trained to seek clarity, are culturally ill-equipped to recognise the sub-narrative content that contemporary audiences, raised on biblical narrative and educated in allegoresis would have readily observed.” Reaney, James. “The Canadian Poet’s Predicament.” In Masks of Poetry: Canadian Critics on Canadian Verse, ed. A.J.M. Smith. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1962. 110–22 [111–12, 117–18]. Draws upon Frye’s article “La tradition narrative dans la poésie canadienne-anglaise.” –  “Editorial.” Alphabet 1 (September 1960): [2]–4. Discusses the various forces leading to the creation of the journal Alphabet, including the influence of Frye. Recalling an earlier time in Toronto, Reaney remarks: “Those were the months when young men and women sat up all night reading Fearful Symmetry which had just come out.” –  “The Identifier Effect.” CEA Critic 42 (January 1980): 26–31. A personal account of Frye’s influence as a teacher and writer on Reaney himself and on other Canadians. –  “The Inheritors Read the Will.” In Lee and Denham, Legacy, 122–9. Associates Frye’s legacy with “stories,” “metaphor,” and “Word.” Explores the idea that stories account for the different shapes of societies. –  “Northrop Frye: A Canadian Thinker with an Interest in Survival.” Indian Journal of Canadian Studies/Revue d’études canadiennes 5 (1996): 72–80. Eloquent testimony to the transforming visionary power of Frye’s vertical perspective. –  “Search for an Undiscovered Alphabet.” Canadian Art 22 (September–October 1965): 38–41. Discusses briefly Frye’s understanding of Blake’s pictographs and the distinction, in Frye’s article “David Milne: An

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Appreciation,” between the observer’s eye in Western and Eastern painting. –  “Some Critics Are Music Teachers.” In Centre and Labyrinth: Essays in Honour of Northrop Frye, ed. Eleanor Cook et al. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1983. 298–308. Offers some suggestions, based upon Frye’s formal remarks on drama, for the staging of plays. –  “Vision in Canada?” University of Toronto Quarterly 70, no. 4 (Fall 2001): 937–46. “Frye makes a good case for the United States having an Iliad with MobyDick (Ahab’s wrath), and Huckleberry Finn being the equivalent of the Odyssey, with a cunning and clever hero who wins our love and attention. Canada hasn’t been as lucky, although I could put in a vote for Ernest Thompson Seton’s Two Little Savages as our equivalent to Mark Twain’s great Mississippi story—much quieter though. We aren’t good at Wrath, but another rolemodel story in our literary spectrum is—hold tight now!—Emily of New Moon. The imaginative growth of a young girl destined someday to be a writer has a different emphasis from the role models (well, Melville’s Ahab can hardly be called a role model!) to the south of us, and it is perhaps indicative of some essential difference between American and Canadian civilizations that we are internationally known for a girl named Anne who seems to be interested in light—a character, by the way, deeply admired by the author of Huckleberry Finn. However, it may be that, in Canada, it is our poets who have really tried to give us vision.” –  and John Beckwith. “‘In the Middle of Ordinary Noise . . .’ An Auditory Masque.” In Lee and Denham, Legacy, 261–75. The composer and the poet-playwright imagine ordinary noises heard by Frye in Moncton, NB, during the early years of his life; they then project these towards the formation of Frye’s musical interests and ultimately to his understanding of the structural elements of literature. Reardon, Bryan P. The Form of Greek Romance. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991. For his larger interpretation of romance as an archetypal category, Reardon relies heavily on Frye’s The Secular Scripture. Rebhorn, Wayne A. “After Frye: A Review-Article on the Interpretation of Shakespearean Comedy and Romance.” Texas Studies in Language and Literature 21 (Winter 1979): 553–82. Rebhorn seeks to determine the impact made by Frye’s work, and to a lesser extent that of C.L. Barber, on the criticism of Shakespearean comedy and romance since the early 1960s and to discover whether any progress has been made in the

interpretation of these plays since the appearance of A Natural Perspective. Sketches the main outline of Frye’s theory, the reasons for its centrality in the modern criticism of the comedies, and its relationship to Barber’s views. Examines the work of dozens of Shakespearean critics, showing how their work depends on, complements, qualifies, or deepens Frye’s. Concludes that Frye’s criticism of the comedies provides the starting point for almost all subsequent criticism. Recarte, Claudia Alonso. “The Myth of the Adirondack Backwoodsman: From the Golden Years to Consumer Society.” https://www.miscelaneajournal.net/index. php/misc/article/view/15. “The aim of this paper is to trace the development of myth as a sociological tool through the analysis of the Adirondack backwoodsman of the golden years (a category which includes guides, hunters and trappers) as a literary archetype of the romanticist era and its subsequent decline with the advent of industrialism and consumer culture. . . . With a view to exploring these mimetic games and the cyclic perfection of the myth in question as equipment for living, Northrop Frye’s theoretical framework is applied as a supporting argument.” Redekop, Magdalene. “Charms and Riddles in the Mennonite Barnyard.” English Studies in Canada 19 (June 1993): 209–27. “I got from Frye the sense of having been given permission to pay attention to the particulars of my own childhood place. It is partly because of Frye that I have felt free to choose the barnyard as my topos and it is Frye who makes it possible to explore the barnyard without turning a blind eye to the church.” Using this push from Frye, Redekop explores the “charm” of the lullabies and barnyard tongue-twisters remembered from her Mennonite childhood, relating their humour and seriousness to her own experience. –  “Frye, Northrop (1912–91): Canadian Critic.” In Encyclopedia of Post-Colonial Literatures in English. London: Routledge, 1994. 553–4. Redfield, Marc. “What Remains: Geoffrey Hartman and the Shock of Imagination.” In Theory at Yale: The Strange Case of Deconstruction in America. New York: Fordham University Press, 2016. “By the time Geoffrey Hartman published Wordsworth’s Poetry in 1964, the academic field of British romanticism in the American academy had achieved professional, if not conceptual, stability. Over the previous two decades, studies by René Wellek, Northrop Frye, M.H. Abrams, Frank Kermode, Walter Jackson Bate, and Earl Wasserman, to name only some of the most obvious names, had established parameters for a field that was no longer marked by the

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overt polemics of an earlier era. The New Criticism had lost its avant-garde edge during this period and become part of the critical establishment.”

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Canadian literary personalities, including Frye, in this portrait portfolio of well-known Canadian photographer Reeves.

Reed, Anthony. “The Erotics of Mourning in Recent Experimental Black Poetry.” The Black Scholar 47 (2017): 1, 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00064246.20 17.1264851. Draws on Frye’s definition of the lyric.

Reeves, Margaret. “Telling the Tale of The Rise of the Novel.” Clio 30, no. 1 (Fall 2000): 25–49. Maintains that the form of Ian Watt’s Rise of the Novel can be understood as a narrative romance in Frye’s sense.

Reed, Jay. “The Imperial Poetics of Ancient Bucolic.” In A Companion to World Literature, vol. 1. Chichester and Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2020. Notes “the highly productive distillations of pastoral for twentiethcentury critical purposes (like those of William Empson, Northrop Frye, Bruno Snell, and Raymond Williams).”

Rehman, Valiur. “Mythic-Archetypal Criticism: An Introduction.” Module No 17: E Text. http://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/epgpdata/uploads/ epgp_content/S000013EN/P001456/M019883/ ET/1496139043Paper10%3BModule17%3BEText.pdf. Frye’s contributions to archetypal criticism.

Reed, Walter L. “A Poetics of the Bible: Problems and Possibilities.” Literature and Theology 1, no. 2 (September 1987): 154–66. Frye’s The Great Code is cited as one of several books indicating that a poetics of the Bible is clearly afoot.

Reibetanz, John. “The House of Myth: In Memory of Northrop Frye.” In Where We Live. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2016. 76–8. A poem (45 lines).

Reeves, Charles Eric. “Myth Theory and Criticism.” In Johns Hopkins Guide to Literary Criticism and Theory, ed. Michael Groden and Martin Kreiswirth. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005–12. “Frye and others are attracted to Jung’s theories not only because of the richness of imagery and narrative elements (what Jung and his collaborator Carl Kerényi came to call ‘mythologems’) but because these theories, like those of Cassirer and Lévi-Strauss, command for myth a central cultural position, unassailable by reductive intellectual methods or procedures. By entitling the third essay of Anatomy of Criticism ‘Archetypal Criticism: Theory of Myths,’ Frye suggests a conceptual means of drawing individual and apparently unrelated archetypal images— the fundaments of psyche and culture—into a coherent and ultimately hierarchical framework of ‘mythoi,’ one organizing not only individual literary works but the entire system of literary works, that is, literature. . . . The abstract and conventional qualities Frye attributes to the mythic mode in literature are ultimately reflective of the irreducible and inescapable place of myth itself; so conceived, Western literature, massively funded by the powerful myths of the Bible and classical culture, might be thought of as having a ‘grammar’ or coherent structural principles basic to any critical organization or account of historical development. That Frye ultimately identifies the ‘quest-myth’ in its various forms as the central myth (mono-myth) of literature and the source of literary genres is at once the logical conclusion of his approach to myth criticism and the source of ongoing debate.” Reeves, John. “A Reeves Gallery.” Books in Canada 8, no. 5 (May 1979): 10–12. Presents information on seven

Reichert, John. “More Than Kin and Less Than Kind: The Limits of Genre Theory.” In Theories of Literary Genre (Yearbook of Comparative Criticism, vol. 8, ed. Joseph P. Strelka. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1978. 57–79 [57–60, 70, 75]. Finds Frye’s remarks about the power of genres to explain literary works to be tautological, but sees the strength of his genre theory in its commitment “to diversity, to a recognition of a plurality of possible literary forms and aims.” –  Review of In Search of Literary Theory, ed. Morton Bloomfield. Western Humanities Review 27 (1973): 213–15 [214–15]. Brief remarks about Frye’s essay “The Critical Path.” Testifies to Frye’s “hypostatizing prowess.” Reid, Gregory J. “What Exactly Is the Archetypal Approach to Literary Criticism Put Forth by Northrop Frye? What Is Its Relevance in Understanding a Text? Quora (8 December 2017). https://www.quora.com/ What-exactly-is-the-archetypal-approach-to-literarycriticism-put-forth-by-Northrop-Frye-What-is-itsrelevance-in-understanding-a-text. On Frye’s theories of symbols and modes. Reid, Lindsay Ann. “Ovidian Retro-Metamorphosis on the Elizabethan Stage.” Early Theatre 21, no. 2 (2018): 71–90. John Lyly’s “Love’s Metamorphosis, concludes with a recognizable, if considerably strained, version of that paradigmatic ‘last scene’ so often seen in comedy — a scene in which, as described by Northrop Frye, ‘the dramatist . . . tries to get all his characters on the stage at once’ such that ‘the audience witnesses the birth of a renewed sense of social integration.’ Taken at face value, such conceptions of closure-as-(re)establishment-of-accepted-social-order

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are largely incompatible with the changed-and-thenunchanging metamorphic standard of Ovid’s narrative poetry. If we interpret theatrical closure in Love’s Metamorphosis as being (at least superficially) achieved through the forcible reconciliation of the play’s other characters with the all-powerful Cupid and ‘social integration’ as the compulsory re-entry of Ceres’s nymphs into the marriage market, then it becomes clear why, logically speaking, the disengagement from the sociosexual economy associated with Ovidian metamorphosisas-eternal-suspension must be reversed through acts of retro-metamorphoses.” Reid, Robert L. “Sacerdotal Vestiges in The Tempest.” Comparative Drama 41, no. 4 (Winter 2007–8): 493– 513. On Frye’s reading of The Tempest as a sacerdotal drama. Notes the many places in Frye’s work where he returns to Shakespeare’s play. –  Shakespeare’s Tragic Form: Spirit in the Wheel. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 2000. Notes that while the words “soul” and “spirit” are often used interchangeably in the philosophical tradition, in Words with Power Frye makes a sharp distinction between the two. Reilly, John J. “The Second Religiousness in the 21st Century.” Paper presented at the 34th Annual Conference of the International Society for the Comparative Study of Civilizations: Civilizations, Religions and Human Survival, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, MN, 9–11 June 2005. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/ 51259dfce4b01b12552dad3e/551885f2e4b09f8615d7353a/ 551885f3e4b09f8615d746ec/1411879149453/index.html. “Here is the gist of Spengler’s model of history. The notion is that at least some societies develop in roughly the same way over a period of between 1,000 and 1,500 years. They begin as feudal societies organized by common metaphysical insights; they become increasingly urban and develop those insights into characteristic art and philosophy and politics; they enter a period corresponding to Western modernity, which Spengler dates to the French Revolution, that is intellectually skeptical and politically chaotic; finally, they enter the age of Caesarism and full civilization. By then, as a rule, the international system has collapsed into what Spengler called the Imperium Mundi, and which Arnold Toynbee would later call a ‘universal state.’ The Second Religiousness is the spiritual complement of Caesarism. We should note two things about this outline. One is that, considered just as a narrative structure, it is very close to Northrop Frye’s definition of a ‘comedy,’ meaning a form of drama in which what was hidden and implicit in the first act is revealed and explicit in the last.”

Reimann, Marvin. ‘“This is me, anonymous, water’s soliloquy’: The River’s Voice as a Coalescence of Humankind and Nature in Alice Oswalds’s Dart.” Transnational Literature 10, no. 2 (May 2018): 1–15. “Poetic language engenders an emotional participation of the reader in the image which equals nature’s allembracing vitality. In doing so, one realises that oneself is part of living nature. Concerning this matter, the literary critic Northrop Frye states something similar: the imagination allows humans to ‘recapture, in full consciousness, that original lost sense of identity with our surroundings, where there is nothing outside the mind of man, or something identical with the mind of man.’ The fact that Frye mentions a ‘full consciousness’ confirms that this coalescence cannot occur on a merely intellectual level; rather, an individual’s whole being must be affected.” Reimer, Margaret L. “The Biblical Imagination: Reflections on the Artistry of the Bible.” Canadian Mennonite 2, no. 10 (11 May 1998): 6. “The word ‘imagination’ comes, of course, from the word ‘image’—a representation or embodied form of a person or idea. Our imagination is what helps us make sense of the world, not in the realm of facts and statistics, but in the understanding. ‘The poet’s job is not to tell you what happened, but what happens,’ said Northrop Frye, ‘not what did take place, but the kind of thing that always does take place.’ That is also a very helpful insight for reading the Bible: not to read it as a record of things that happened in the past but as timeless truth embodied in special people and events. Another way of saying it: something is not true because it is in the Bible; it’s in the Bible because it’s true.” Reina, Vincenzo Li Crapi. “Le statut du héros modern” [The Modern Hero’s Statute]. Acta Iassyensia Comparationis 15 (2015): 1–12. In French. “The future hero is aware of having to build up over time; and yet with the temporal dimension it maintains a relationship which can become conflicting, as in Hamlet, where the protagonist believes he is living in a time that has been dislocated (out of joint). Especially in the tragic scenes, the protagonist finds himself struggling with his being always changing, to be able to assert its identity in an absolute way. A struggle that reveals itself in vain, because to be ephemeral and changing, in other words, to be in time, is precisely what most characterizes the tragic man, whose thought must inevitably succeed, complying with the laws of his nature, as dying Hotspur says, ‘thought’s the slave of life.’” Reisner, Gavriel. The Death-Ego and the Vital Self: Romances of Desire in Literature and Psychoanalysis. Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press,

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2003. Begins with a critique of Frye’s definition of romance as a form of wish-fulfilment and nostalgia for an imaginative golden age. Claims that Frye’s understanding depends on early psychoanalytic theory and on a “simplified notion of desire” based on the pleasure principle. Reisner, Martin. “Bible jako řád slov a typů” [The Bible as Order of Words and Types]. Nové knihy 40, no. 19 (2000): 52. In Czech. Relihan, John. Ancient Menippean Satire. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993. A study of the origins and history of the Menippean satire. Discusses Frye’s theory of the genre. Relke, D.M.A. Greenwor(l)ds: Ecocritical Readings of Canadian Women’s Poetry. Calgary: University of Calgary Press, 1999. Asserts that it is possible to support Frye’s theory that Canadian poetry is marked by a “deep terror” of nature only if the writings of the women poets she discusses are ignored. Renehan, Marie Stephen. The Teaching of Literary Symbolism in Selected Works in the Eleventh and Twelfth Grades of Senior High School and in the First Year of College. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University, 1965. “Part II deals with the college project conducted during one scholastic year with first year college students at Marymount College, Tarrytown, NY, using approaches developed by Northrop Frye of the University of Toronto and Lennox Grey of Teachers College, Columbia University. Results were checked at five predetermined points during the year to appraise the growth in symbolic awareness. Representative student papers and examinations bear witness that the growth can be considerable.” Repciuc, Ioana. “Poetica spaţiului în descântecele româneşti” [Poetics of Space in the Romanian Spells]. Anuarul Muzeului Etnografic al Moldovei 8 (2008): 169– 99. In Romanian. Comments on the idealized world for Northrop Frye, which is metaphorically the apocalyptic world and is identical with the restored Israel in the Book of Revelation. Resseguie, James L. “A Glossary of New Testament Narrative Criticism with Illustrations.” Religions 10, no. 3 (March 2019). Examines the two common plot patterns Frye identifies in the New Testament narrative. REu. “Romance.” In The Cambridge Guide to Women’s Writing in English, ed. Lorna Sage. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1999. 540–1. Says Frye’s view of romance is “a kind of free-floating

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wish-fulfilment that is the structural core of all fiction.” Also notes Fredric Jameson’s historicized version of Frye. Reuter, Victoria. “και φτερά: Ο μύθος της Οδύσσειας στη λογοτεχνία και στον κινηματογράφο του μοντερνισμού by Maria Oikonomou” [And Wings: The Odyssey Legend in Modernist Literature and Cinema by Maria Oikonomou] (review). Journal of Modern Greek Studies 36 (May 2018): 220–3. In Greek. “The first section [of Maria Oikonomou’s] Κουπιά και φτερά, begins with the prelude ‘Oars & Wings,’ which broadly defines modernism as an exercise in freedom, a breaking away from contemporary and past realities. The following 50 pages meticulously survey definitions of myth by Niklas Luhmann, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Hans Blumenberg, Joseph Campbell, Northrop Frye, among others, while the latter half follows distinct genealogies of the Odysseus myth.” Rewa, Michael. “Biography as an Imitative Art.” English Symposium Papers 1 (1970): 3–28. Notes that Frye’s categories of the central characters in fiction are helpful in adducing parallel embodiments in the history of biography. Rexepi, Afrim. “AISTHESIS (или за физиолошката естетика [AISTHESIS (or for physiological aesthetics)]. Спектар 66 (2015): 158–65. In Bulgarian. “Аesthetics of the man in his constructivism, is not excluded from the universal laws of physics, and nothing comes out of the harmonic projection. In context, theoretical methods of Northrop Frye for interactive relationship between man and nature, is very provocative. Nietzsche was he who first determined physiological aesthetics as a discipline, and added that there is harmony in the man himself. Paradigmatic theoretical discourses, such as the unity of the elements, the musicality of harmony, the relation of the visual arts of objective reality and interaction fiction faction, aesthetic power, realized through the sense of the beautiful, catharsis or purification and mental stimulation to harmonious tasted fine, a common feature, encouraging trends for the human soul, to experiencing the connection between the beautiful and the objective reality.” Rey Álvarez, Alfonso. “El concepto de novela y la crítica literaria hispánica” [The Concept of Novel and Hispanic Literary Criticism]. Bulletin of Spanish Studies 93, no. 6 (July 2016): 923–46. In Spanish. Glances at Frye’s notion that the novel was a realistic displacement of romance. Rexende, Vânia Maria. Ziraldo e o livro para crianças e jovens no Brasil: Revelações poéticas sob o signo de Flicts [Ziraldo and the Book for Children and Young People

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in Brazil: Poetic Revelations under the Sign of Flicts]. São Paulo: Editora Paulinus, 2016. In Portuguese. Draws on Frye’s theory of symbols. Rezaeia, Ahmad. “Rhetorical Function of Proverbs Based on Literary Genre.” Procedia—Social and Behavioral Sciences 47 (2012): 1103–8. “Northrop Frye believed in four literary genres: dramatic, satiric, epic, and lyric, and he related each to one of the seasons.” Rhodes, Carolyn. “Experiment as Heroic Quest in Zelazny’s ‘For a Breath I Tarry.’” In The Scope of the Fantastic: Culture, Biography, Children’s Literature, ed. Robert A. Collins and Howard D. Pearce III. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1985. 191–7. Argues that Zelazny’s short story exemplifies two of the categories Frye finds in the universal quest myth: the spring and birth phase and the summer and marriage or triumph phase. Ribeiro, Osvaldo. “O espírito mau de Yahweh/Deus: Análise histórico-social de 1 Sm 16, 14–23” [The Evil Spirit of Yahweh/God: A Sociohistorical Analysis of 1 Sm 16, 14–23]. Horizonte 12, no. 34 (April 2014): 486– 509. In Portuguese. Ricciardi, Caterina. “Anatomia d’un ‘mandala’: Il modello critico d’Northrop Frye” [An Anatomy of a ‘Mandala’: The Critical Model of Northrop Frye]. In Esotismo nelle letterature moderne, ed. E. Zolla. Naples: Liguoir, 1984. 187–207. In Italian. –  “Frye, l’America e le finzioni supreme” [Frye, America and the Supreme Fictions]. In Lombardo, Ritratto, 245–80. On the importance of American literary myths in Frye’s encyclopedic anatomy. –  Northrop Frye, o, delle finzioni supreme [Northrop Frye, or, Supreme Fictions]. Rome: Empirìa, 1992. In Italian. See chapter 1, no. 17, above. Riccomini, Donald R. “Northrop Frye and Structuralism: Identity and Difference.” University of Toronto Quarterly 49 (Fall 1979): 33–47. Places Frye’s criticism alongside structuralism in order to determine their similarities and differences. Sees their similarities in that both (1) derive their systems from a model (mythic and linguistic, respectively) and proceed by the method of analogy to the model; (2) depend upon a system of synchronic conventions (mythos and langue, respectively); (3) subscribe to a theory of the impersonality of the artist; and (4) believe that texts move from external references to internal selfreference and interconnection (from the literal to the anagogic and from vraisemblance to metatextuality, respectively). Sees their differences in that (1) while Frye gives privileged status to literary language, the

structuralists see it as only one code among many; (2) whereas the structuralists bracket out diachronic issues, Frye reconciles diachrony and synchrony; and (3) Frye’s work finally does rest upon a logocentric centre, a version of the Christian mythological order that rejects the signifier in favour of the signified and gives his system its authority. Believes that even though structuralism seeks to avoid the notion of a privileged centre and a metaphysics of presence, it does in fact, as Derrida recognizes, rest upon a hidden centre—the belief in the unity of the sign. Richards, Cameron. “Later Life Learning from Experience: The Cross-Cultural Importance of ‘Life Reviews’ in Seniors’ Lifelong Education and Learning.” Zeitschrift für Weiterbildungsforschung 42, no. 1 (April 2019): 5–22. “The structure of problem-solving in [Joseph] Campbell’s monomyth model of stories (separation, supreme ordeal/initiation, and unification/return) generally corresponds to that identified in the dramatic model of a ‘three act’ structure (setup/background, confrontation/crisis, and resolution). There are related models, such as Freytag’s pyramid and Northrop Frye’s ‘four seasons’ framework of romantic or heroic innocence confronting realistic experience as the basis also of additional tragi-comic or epic modes of social and life context[s].” Richardson, Brian. Narrative Dynamics: Essays on Time, Plot, Closure, and Frames. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2002. Notes that the narrative typologies of Hayden White and Frye are not interested in linearity or teleology. Richardson, Mark. “Northrop Frye Keeps Educating Imaginations.” London Free Press [Ontario] (24 October 2000). On Frye’s continuing influence, based on an interview with James Reaney and Alvin Lee. Riches, Christopher, and Michael Cox. “Frye, [Herman] Northrop (1912–1991).” In A Dictionary of Writers and Their Works. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2015. Richey, William. Blake’s Altering Aesthetic. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1997. A rebuttal to Frye’s claim that Blake’s aesthetic was anticlassical. Blake’s animus was, at least early in his career, directed against the Gothic and its ideological form in Burke’s theory of the sublime. Richler, Mordecai, Frank Moher, and M.T. Kelly. “The Top Twenty of the Twentieth: Literature and the World of Ideas.” National Post (4 October 1999). The literary editor of the National Post, a playwright, and a novelist select The Great Code as the fourth greatest Canadian

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book of the millennium (after Atwood’s The Journals of Susanna Moodie, Laurence’s The Diviners, and McLuhan’s Understanding Media). Richter, David. “Northrop Frye.” In The Critical Tradition: Classic Texts and Contemporary Trends. 2nd ed. Boston: Bedford Books, 1998. 641–3. Maintains that the distinctive feature of Frye’s criticism is “its metaphorical relationship to Jungian psychology.” Ricker, Sara Parks. “An Introduction to Literary Criticism of the Hebrew Bible: Northrop Frye and Robert Alter.” Guest lecture for the undergraduate course “Introduction to the Literature of Ancient Israel,” McGill University, 2004. http://mcgill.academia.edu/SaraParksRicker/ Talks/60077/_The_Literary_Criticism_of_the_Hebrew_ Bible_Northrop_Frye_and_Robert_Alter.

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Hovaugh, ‘whom King models on Northrop Frye,’ is the head doctor in a mental institution for old Indians. First Nations’ theorizing, I wrote, ‘sounds different from that of non-Native Americanists. Its vocabulary and genre conventions are those of oral narrative, ceremony and visual representation.’ When the name is spoken out loud, King’s J. Hovaugh transforms into Jehovah. King portrays Frye, who described the Bible as The Great Code, as playing God. His reliance on monologic authority prevents him from entering into conversation with First Nations’ reality. In contrast to Frye’s image of Canadian identity as a ‘garrison mentality,’ with hostile and incomprehensible savages lurking in the wilderness, King and other First Nations’ writers centre their narratives in a richly storied homeland where new experiences (like pizza) simply create new stories.”

Ricoeur, Paul. “Anatomy of Criticism or the Order of Paradigms.” In Centre and Labyrinth: Essays in Honour of Northrop Frye, ed. Eleanor Cook et al. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1983. 1–13. Rpt. in A Ricoeur Reader: Reflection and Imagination, ed. Mario J. Valdés. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1991. 242–55. Sees Frye’s system as based on a kind of narrative understanding, dependent upon both tradition and innovation (“sedimentation and change”), which has epistemological precedence to the semiotic rationality of the French structuralists. Reviews Frye’s theory of modes and symbols, the latter of which is seen as providing the hermeneutical key to the former. Together they justify Frye’s view of the imaginative mode of language and thereby serve to differentiate it from the mimetic and the religious modes. Asks whether or not Frye’s theory can account for the phenomena of schism, deviance, and the death of paradigms that are so frequently announced in modern criticism.

Rifkind, Candida. “Too Close to Home: Middlebrow AntiModernism and the Sentimental Poetry of Edna Jaques.” Journal of Canadian Studies 39, no. 1 (2005): 90–114. Glances at Frye’s assessment of Edna Jacques’s poetry.

Riddell, John. “‘This Northern Mouth’: Ideas of Myth and Regionalism in Modern Canadian Poetry.” Laurentian University Review 8 (November 1975): 68–83 [80–2]. Uses Frye’s method to trace a developing Canadian mythology through the recurring metaphors in the poetry of Pratt, Newlove, Purdy, and others.

Riggs, Don. “The Survival of the Goddess in Marie de France and Marion Zimmer Bradley.” Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts 9, no. 1 (1998): 15–23. Uses Frye’s outline concerning the literary trend where over extended periods of time “deities undergo a devolution from their original supernatural status, to that of demigods, to that of great heroes, to that of ordinary human beings, and finally to subhuman characters.” Applies this outline to his greater argument, that Marie de France’s twelfth-century Lai de Lanval and Marion Zimmer Bradley’s twentieth-century novel The Mists of Avalon both employ the goddess in one of these forms.

Ridington, Robin. “Re-creation in Canadian First Nations Literatures: ‘when you sing it now, just like new.’” Anthropologica 43, no. 2 (2001): 221–30. “In a paper called ‘Theorizing Coyote’s Cannon: Sharing Stories with Thomas King,’ I suggested that, ‘If academic theorizing is usually a product of argument and monologue, First Nations’ theorizing would have to be the product of conversation and dialogue.’ King uses the novel to demolish literary critic Northrop Frye’s monologic and Euro-centric structural theory. Dr. J.

Riggan, William. “Of Obstacles, Survival, and Identity: On Contemporary Canadian Literature(s).” World Literature Today 73 (1999): 229–30. Summary of Frye’s and Margaret Atwood’s views on the definition of Canadian identity, particularly as defined by the natural obstacles Canadians had to overcome. Riggins, Stephen Harold. The Pleasures of Time: Two Men, a Life. London, ON: Insomniac Press, 2003. The story of the complex and fascinating relationship of a gay couple, Stephen Harold Riggins and Paul Bouissac, set in Paris, Toronto, Newfoundland, and Indiana, with a cast of characters including celebrated critics Northrop Frye, Michel Foucault, Hélene Cixous, and Claude Lévi-Strauss

–  “The Teaching Life as a House of Troubles.” Review of Auggie’s Revenge, by Alex Kudera. Sciendo 28, no. 1 (June 2017): 146–8. https://content.sciendo.com/view/ journals/abcsj/28/1/article-p146.xml. Notes that the

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protagonist occupies Frye’s literary historical mode of irony: “his social realm is in the literary historical mode that Northrop Frye called the Ironic, in which the characters, far from being Mythic-mode gods, Romance-mode supernatural beings, High Mimeticmode royalty, or Low Mimetic-mode average people, are subhumans.” Righter, William. “Myth and Interpretation.” New Literary History 3 (Winter 1972): 319–44 [333–42]. An essay on some of the problems raised by myth criticism. Analyses two aspects of Frye’s work: “the role of myth in the establishing and ordering of literature as a systematic body of knowledge providing the ground of interpretation, and the functioning of this sort of ordering in the interpretation of particular literary works.” Concludes, in the first place, that the criteria Frye uses to differentiate such things as the phases of a mythos are constantly changing, and, in the second place, that Frye in effect reverses the critical process, using literary works as “explanations” for his own mythic schema, rather than vice versa. Riley, Therese, and Penelope Hawe. “Researching Practice: The Methodological Case for Narrative Inquiry.” Health Education Research 20, no. 2 (2005): 226–36. “The point of the story considers both the organizing theme and the form of the narrative. Form refers to the flow of the narrative over time. Common prototypes are stable, progressive and regressive narratives. A stable narrative is one in which the person’s evaluations of situations and events remain the same over the course of time. A regressive narrative is one in which these evaluations get worse with time. A progressive narrative is one in which the person’s evaluations improve over time. These broad narrative forms are represented in Frye’s forms of literary narrative: the tragedy, the comedy, the happy ending, the satire, the romantic saga, etc. It is the inter-relationship of the organizing theme and form that creates what is called ‘coherent directionality’ in the narrative. This means how it makes sense over time.” Rimmer Larsen, Karsten. Myten i mennesket—mennesket i myten: Hvad Claude Lévi-Strauss, George Lakoff og Northrop Frye kan bibringe hinanden [Myth in Man— Man in Myth: What Claude Lévi-Strauss, George Lakoff, and Northrop Frye Can Contribute to Each Other]. Odense: Syddansk Universitet, 2002. In Danish. Ringmar, Erik. “Inter-Texual Relations.” Cooperation and Conflict 41, no. 4 (2006): 403–21. “In this article, I analyse the unexpected quarrels and strange new alliances that formed in response to the United States’ decision to go to war against Iraq in the spring of 2003. Telling different stories about Iraq, about themselves

and about the nature of world politics, decision-makers reached different, conflicting conclusions. As is the case with all stories, these accounts are best analysed with the help of literary theory. Pursuing such an investigation I find that the stories follow closely one or the other of [Frye’s] four classical narrative types: romance, tragedy, comedy and satire. I explain the quarrels and strange new alliances as a problem of inter-textuality.” (author’s abstract) Rippin, Andrew. “God.” In The Wiley Blackwell Companion to the Qur’an. 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 2017. Addresses the issue of the naming of God in the Qur’an. –  “The Qur’an as Literature: Perils, Pitfalls and Prospects.” British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 10, no. 1 (1983): 38–47. “While it could be said that Muslims themselves have treated the Qur’an as literature in the sense that they have compared it with other literary productions, their very approach to it has always involved setting the Qur’an apart, indeed above, all other literary creations due to its understood divine origins. It is this assumption which some students of the Qur’an, including myself, have not been prepared to work under. To take the Qur’an as literature from this alternative point of view is to take it on the same plane as all other literary productions. To those who may object and say that the Qur’an is ‘more’ than other literature, I would reply, with Northrop Frye, that this simply suggests to me that other methods of approach, or other sets of assumptions, are possible in the study of the book.” Rippon, Maria. “From Devotion to Disillusionment: The Changing Face of Penelope from Homer to Buero to Miras.” Neohelicon 41, no. 1 (2014): 185–202. Draws on the third chapter of Frye’s The Secular Scripture—“The Heroes and Heroines of Romance.” Ripstein, Arthur. “Editor’s Note.” The University of Toronto Law Journal 61, no. 2 (Spring 2011): i–vi. A tribute to Ernest Weinrib, the distinguished Canadian jurist. “Weinrib’s formalism is nothing like the realist parody; rather, the structuring ideas of private law organize the ways in which the dispute between two parties can be resolved exclusively as a dispute between those parties. Drawing both on the formalist poetics of Northrop Frye and on the leading figures of the naturallaw tradition, Weinrib explores the type of reasoning that is central to private law, explaining how it can be brought to bear on particulars without contending that it can somehow apply itself.”

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Ristić, Ratomir. “Introducing Wordsworth Two Centuries after the Publication of Lyrical Ballads. Facta Universitatis—Linguistics and Literature 4 (1997): 235– 48. “Of the Lyrical Ballads Northrop Frye says that ‘man first finds his identity in his relation with nature, which is a better teacher than books. . . . One finds one’s lost identity with nature in moments of feeling in which one is penetrated by the sense of nature’s ‘huge and mighty forms.’” –  “Shelley’s First Major Lyrics and Prometheus Unbound.” Facta Universitatis—Linguistics and Literature 7 (2000): 69–86. “If one looks for dramatic action in the play [Prometheus Unbound] he will be disappointed. Frye even says that this is a drama without action, but on one level of meaning there is action: it ‘symbolizes man’s happy reconciliation with the ideal world of love, truth and beauty from which evil has divorced him.” Riva, Reynaldo. “La Cueva de Montesinos Como Oráculo” [The Montesinos Cave as an Oracle]. Revue Romane 42, no. 2 (2007): 334–44. In Spanish. Applies Frye’s four narrative ascent and descent patterns, which are developed in The Secular Scripture, to the Cave of Montesino episode in Don Quixote. Rivkin, Julie, and Michael Ryan. “A Short History of Theory.” In Literary Theory: An Anthology. 3rd ed. Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell, 2017. “Perhaps the most ambitious project in literary theory during this period in the mid-twentieth century was the ‘anatomy,’ carried out by Canadian theorist Northrop Frye. Frye conceived of the genres of literature as part of a cycle that followed the seasons as well as the cycles of religious life.” Riza, Abu Hassan. “Kritikan Sastera Sebagai Wacana Estetika: Antara Pegangan Muhammad Haji Salleh Dengan Teori Northrop Frye” [Literary Criticism as Aesthetic Discourse between Muhammad Haji Salleh and the Theory of Northrop Frye]. Journal of the National Arts Academy (1999). In Maylay. Rizzardi, Alfredo. “Northrop Frye e la poesia canadese.” In Lombardo, Ritratto, 321–30. On Frye’s role in helping to form the collective consciousness of a whole generation of Canadian writers. Rizzuto, Nicole M. “Vindicating the Law: H.G. de Lisser, V.S. Reid, and the Morant Bay Rebellion.” In Insurgent Testimonies: Witnessing Colonial Trauma in Modern and Anglophone Literature. New York: Fordham University Press, 2015. 127–77. “New Day seems at first glance to typify what David Scott calls ‘the mythos of Romance’ he claims organizes anticolonial revolutionary discourse as well as postcolonial criticism. Through his reading of The Black Jacobins, C.L.R. James’s classic

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study of the revolution in Haiti, Scott argues that this future horizon determines a shaping of the past through epic romance, a genre of the quest that is, in Northrop Frye’s words, “nearest of all literary forms to the wish fulfillment dream.” Robb, Peter. “McLuhan, Frye and Me: B.W. Powe Takes the Measure of Their Genius.” Ottawa Citizen (4 March 2016). http://ottawacitizen.com/entertainment/books/ mcluhan-frye-and-me-b-w-powe-takes-the-measure-oftheir-genius. Robel, Gerald. “The Concept of Unity and Its Normative Tendency.” Recovering Literature 1, no. 1 (Spring 1972): 42–53 [44–6, 51–3]. Argues that there is often no real distinction between Frye’s “so-called” descriptive and evaluative terms. “Frye’s implicit normative referend is the ‘collective unconscious’ of archetype—a kind of historical ‘consensus.’” Claims that because Frye’s system demands formal unity he forces works of fiction into conventional patterns so as to make them fit a homogeneous tradition: “this itself is a process of ‘civilizing’ literature, of making it conform in some way at least to a former category, the normative consensus of archetype.” Roberts, Jeannie Addison. “American Criticism of Shakespeare’s Comedies.” Shakespeare Studies 9 (1976): 1–10 [3–4]. Maintains that Frye’s “The Argument of Comedy” is “the single most influential work on modern American criticism of the comedies” of Shakespeare. –  “Shakespeare’s Forest and Trees.” Southern Humanities Review 11 (Spring 1977): 108–25 [108–16]. On Frye’s view of the “green world” in Shakespeare. Roberts, Merilees. BARS Review 52 (Autumn 2018). “The agon between Kant and Shelley problematises one reading of Kantian sublimity in Romantic poetry which stresses the role of the imagination to limit and contain the overbearing power of reason. This notion is represented through consideration of the work of Northrop Frye, Earl Wasserman and Harold Bloom. These are the only literary critical sources considered, as the aim of this book is admittedly rather one-sided—to see what Shelley can do for critical philosophy, rather than the other way around.” Robertson, P.J.M. “Criticism and Creativity VI: George Orwell and Northrop Frye.” Queen’s Quarterly 92 (Summer 1985): 374–84. Compares Orwell’s theory of literary value with Frye’s: Orwell’s criticism is centred on social and individual values, whereas Frye’s tends to lead “away from being and values into an analysis of form and structure.”

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–  “Northrop Frye and Evaluation.” Queen’s Quarterly 90 (Spring 1983): 151–6. Examines Frye’s views on evaluation as found in Anatomy of Criticism and The Great Code and finds them wanting. Believes that in equating criticism with speculative literary theory Frye displaces its traditional sense of judgment. Shows that Frye’s own criticism is packed with value judgments. Robertson, R.T. “Another Preface to an Uncollected Anthology: Canadian Criticism in a Commonwealth Context.” Ariel 4 (July 1973): 70–81 [74–5, 79–80]. Proposes to expand the model of Frye’s “Preface to an Uncollected Anthology” so as to develop a more formal framework for an anthology of Commonwealth criticism. Robins, William. “Modeling Biblical Narrative: Frye and D.H. Lawrence.” In Kee, Northrop Frye and the Afterlife of the Word, 125–35. Arguing that Frye’s criticism is not fully suited to interpreting the biblical resources important to novelists, Robins uses Lawrence’s Aaron’s Rod—in which two ways of engaging with biblical narrative are in conflict—to illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of Frye’s hermeneutics. –  “Romance, Exemplum, and the Subject of the Confessio Amantis. Studies in the Age of Chaucer 19 (1997): 157–81. “Ancient romance and exemplarity come to stand less as genres than as two distinct modes—akin to Northrop Frye’s pregeneric, archetypal mythoi—for casting shapes of destiny in narrative.” Robinson, Brian. “Northrop Frye: Critique fameux, critique faillible” [Northrop Frye: Famous Critic, Fallible Criticism]. Revue de l’Université d’Ottawa 42 (1972): 608–14. Argues that Frye’s theory is based on principles that are suspect and that a detached analysis will illustrate its faults. After giving a descriptive summary of the theory, Robinson outlines his three chief objections: (1) Frye’s view of literature as opposed to life is not a view taken by most writers and readers across the centuries. This leads him to misrepresent writers, the French symbolist poets being a case in point. (2) his theory of value judgments is untenable, and (3) he provides little help for analysing particular literary works. Frye sees bridges between literary works, but he cannot help penetrate their originality, which is their raison d’être. “How can literature lead to regeneration if it doesn’t speak to men in the context of their lives, but offers them an evasion in a closed universe?” Robinson, Lewis S. “Pao-yu and Parsifal: Personal Growth as a Literary Substructure.” Tankang Review 9 (1979): 407–26. A New Critical analysis worthy of Frye in his Jungian phase.

Robson, David. “Frye, Derrida, Pynchon, and the Apocalyptic Space of Postmodern Fiction.” In Postmodern Apocalypse: Theory and Cultural Practice at the End, ed. Richard Dellamora. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995. 61–78. A detailed commentary on Frye’s view of apocalypse. Robson, Leo. “Martin in the Mirror: Everywhere Amis Looks, He Finds His Own Opinions Reflected Back at Him.” Review of The Rub of Time, by Martin Amis. New Statesman America 146, no. 5386 (28 September 2017). Notes that Martin Amis was a student of Northrop Frye, “a literary philosopher-king to whom I owe fealty.” Rocha, João Cezar de Castro. “Lançamento de Anatomia da Crítica, de Northrop Frye.” Video. https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=yUq15T8Do7A. In Portuguese. Rockas, Leo. “The Structure of Frye’s Anatomy.” College English 28 (April 1967): 301–7. A summary of Anatomy of Criticism with special attention to the organization of the book. Outlines the structure of each of the “Essays” in the Anatomy and points to the relationships among them. Rockman, Barbara. “Cinéma Direct: History, Poetry and the Construction of Capture.” Media International Australia 82, no. 1 (1996): 19–29. Rodríguez Alvarez, Julián. Antología de Literatura Universal Comparada: Materiales para la enseñanza de la literatura a través de la experiencia literaria, visual y musical [Anthology of Comparative Universal Literature: Materials for Teaching Literature through Literary, Visual, and Musical Experience]. Murcia: Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia, 1991. 590 pp. In Spanish. A textbook anthology of literature organized on the principles of the Third Essay of Anatomy of Criticism, exemplifying the main archetypes in each phase of Frye’s four mythoi. –  Curso Básico de Literatura. Barcelona: Editorial Teide, S.A., 1991. An adaptation of the work listed immediately above, for high school students. –  “El estudio científico de la literatura a través del mito de la búsqueda según los críticos anglo-norteamericanos, especialmente Northrop Frye” [The Scientific Study of Literature through the Quest Myth according to AngloAmerican Critics, especially Northrop Frye]. Cuadernos de filología inglesa 1 (1985): 33–52, and in Anales de Filologia Inglesa 1 (1985): 33–51. In Spanish. Argues that Frye is the first to map out systematically the coherent order of literature. Shows how Frye’s understanding of the loss and regaining of identity (the quest myth) is the central narrative pattern in this order. Analyses Frye’s

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understanding of the four mythoi of this large pattern, the thematic structures, and the corresponding orders of imagery. Maintains finally that the creative experience of the reader can also be understood as participating in the quest myth. –  La Estaciones de la Imagination [The Seasons of the Imagination]. N.p.: n.p., 1998. In Spanish. High school anthology of literature based on Frye’s four mythoi. –  “Preliminary Notes to Northrop Frye’s Theory concerning the Relationship of Myth to Literature.” Revista canaria de estudios ingleses 9 (1984): 123–8. Sees the myth of the loss and recapturing of identity as central to Frye’s understanding of literature. This myth arises out of human beings’ relationships to their environment, and it points to their place in society. The function of criticism for Frye is to understand this central myth and to elaborate the social importance of literature. Rodríguez, Félix Rodríguez. “La Teoría Arquetípica o del Mito” [The Archetypal or Mythical Theory]. In Teoría literaria norteamericana. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. http://www.liceus.com/cgi-bin/aco/ lit/02/115491.asp. On Frye’s place in the “school” of archetypal criticism. He is ahead of the scientific objectives of structuralism in developing a poetics of literary types and in classifying and describing their features, resources, and common conventions. Rodway, Allan. “Generic Criticism: The Approach through Type, Mode, and Kind.” In Contemporary Criticism (Stratford-upon-Avon Studies 12), ed. Malcolm Bradbury and David Palmer. London: Edward Arnold, 1970. 83–105 [85–96]. Rpt. in Rodway, The Truths of Fiction. New York: Schocken, 1971. 18–40 [20–30]. An analysis of Frye’s concept of “mode” and its connection with the genre theories of other critics. Believes that the principles Frye sets down in the First Essay of Anatomy of Criticism are “useful as well as beautiful,” yet their usefulness is more evident in analogical or metacriticism than in intrinsic criticism. Suggests that Frye’s concept of mode needs to be expanded to include a psychological dimension. Rogers, Bob. The Devil’s Party: Who Killed the Sixties? Victoria, BC: Friesen Press, 2015. A novel that “chronicles the life and times of two members of the Winnipeg-Toronto brain exchange in the 1960s as they explore Toronto’s smorgasbord of higher learning and sex, find their heroes—Northrop Frye and McLuhan— and make their bid to reform the world by joining William Blake’s mental war.” (publisher’s abstract)

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Rogers, Charlotte. “Mario Vargas Llosa y la novela de la selva” [Mario Vargas Llosa and the Novel of the Jungle]. Bulletin of Spanish Studies 93, no. 6 (July 2016): 1043– 60. In Spanish. “By examining the Peruvian writer’s novelistic production over the course of fifty years, this article shows that Vargas Llosa’s depiction of Amazonia pays a complicated homage to the jungle novel of the early twentieth century.” Rogers, Jaqueline McLeod. “Writing Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada: Dwelling and Crossing.” Writing on the Edge 21, no. 1 (2010): 37–48. “How do nationalisms and border issues affect teaching writing? When I started teaching writing about 25 years ago, Canadian nationalism was a powerful force. There was a strong sense that we had our own intellectual or scholarly traditions, and there was an outpouring of books attempting to define these. One of Canada’s foremost literary critics of the last century, Northrop Frye, announced that the question haunting the imagination of Canadian writers has always been not ‘who am I?’ but ‘Where is here?’ He drew a contrast between the American preoccupation with personal identity and freedom and the Canadian concern with place and the land, speculating that we dream of geography because we spend our days fighting its extremes.” Rogers, John. “Introduction: Relation Regained.” Huntington Library Quarterly 76, no. 1 (2013): 1–9. “This volume concludes with essays whose influence can be traced to the mythopoetic reading of Paradise Regained of Northrop Frye. In very different ways Andrew Kau and David Quint see in Paradise Regained the poet’s crucial re-engagement with the mythic concerns of his earlier poetry. For Kau [in “The Eve Function in Paradise Regained”], it is the cultural, even ideological, significances attached differentially to Adam and to Eve in Paradise Lost that structure an almost typological interplay of competing ideas and ideals in the sequel. . . . Quint [in “The Disenchanted World of Paradise Regained”] expands Frye’s interpretation of Paradise Regained to make sense of Satan’s important but hitherto overlooked claim to possess the natural world.” Rojek, Chris. “The longue durée of Spengler’s Thesis of the Decline of the West.” European Journal of Social Theory 21, no. 4 (November 2018): 419–34. Notes Frye’s observation that for Spengler culture passes through four stages, analogized to the four seasons. Rollin, Roger B. “Beowulf to Batman: The Epic Hero and Pop Culture.” College English 31, no. 5 (February 1970): 431–49. Applies Frye’s theory of modes to popular romance.

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Romano, Carlin. “Mighty Like a Metaphor.” Village Voice Literary Supplement (3 December 1981): 9–10 [9]. Glances at Frye’s attention to metaphor in The Great Code. Romm, James. The Form of Greek Romance. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991. Makes “use of the general theory of romance propounded by Northrop Frye.” See especially pp. 10–13, 16–17, 173–6. Romney, Paul. “‘Great Chords’: Politics and Romance in Tolstoy’s War and Peace.” University of Toronto Quarterly 80, no. 1 (Winter 2011): 49–77. “Uses Northrop Frye’s ideas to disclose the hidden romance and reveals its political significance by comparing Tolstoy’s story to Walter Scott’s Waverley and J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings. Politics and romance are strange bedfellows, but each lends itself to spatial representation. The article shows how Tolstoy uses spatial imagery to infuse his quest romance with political meaning and discusses the neglect by Englishspeaking critics of romance and politics alike, which it relates to a disagreement between Percy Lubbock and E.M. Forster over the relative importance of time and space as dimensions of Tolstoy’s narrative.” (author’s abstract) Ronchi Stefanati, Michele. “‘Intonare lo strumento di un altro italiano’: Il carteggio tra Gianni Celati e l’Einaudi (1966–1979)” [‘Tune the Instrument of Another Italian’: The Correspondence between Gianni Celati and Einaudi]. Italian Studies 72, no. 3 (July 2017): 309–22. In Italian.

desire in her study of sexual love in Elizabethan comedy, Rose observes: ‘In his comedies Shakespeare pits the world of individual imagination and sexual desire against the more tangible world of social and historical fact, causing the spectator to question the reality of both worlds and then reconciling the claims of both in a final, inclusive vision of the social and spiritual harmony of marriage.’” Rosenberg, Jessica. “The Poetics of Practical Address.” Philological Quarterly 98, nos. 1–2 (Winter–Spring 2019): 95–117. Notes that Frye echoes John Stuart Mill’s observation that lyric poets speak with their backs to the audience, who overhears. Rosenthal, Caroline. “North American Urban Fiction.” In The Palgrave Handbook of Comparative North American Literature. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. Explores Frye’s position on the nature of Canadian identity. Rosmarin, Rose. The Power of Genre. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1985. 31–3. Glances at Tzvetan Todorov’s critique of Frye’s deductive procedure for defining genres. Rosner, Katarzyna. “Świat przedstawiony a funkcja poznawcza dzieła literackiego” [The Representation of the World as a Cognitive Function in a Literary Work]. Problemy teorii literatury. Series 2. Wrocław: Zaklad Narodowy im. Ossolinskich Wydawnictwo, 1987. 73–96. [92–4]. In Polish. On Frye’s theory of symbols.

Roszczynialska, Magdalena Recenzja. Antropologia literatury Northropa Frye’a: Propozycja w kręgu nowej humanistyki [Northrop Frye’s Literary Anthropology: A Proposal in the Circle of the New Humanities]. Kraków: Pedagogical University, National Education Commission, 2019. In Polish.

Ross, Catherine Sheldrick.” “Dime Novels and Series Books.” In Handbook of Research on Children’s and Young Adult Literature, ed. Shelby A. Wolf et al. New York: Routledge, 2011. “Whatever else they were, dime books, penny dreadfuls (the British equivalent of the dime book), and series books were compelling stories that keep their readers reading by tricks and formulas developed over centuries by writers of popular stories. The bulk of popular literature—what readers read for their own pleasure—belongs to a genre that Northrop Frye calls romance. Frye’s The Secular Scripture (1976), which is about principles of storytelling, provides a comprehensive account of the conventions and formulas of romance. By romance, Frye means stories in which the elements of narrative design clearly stand out, as they do in folktales from which popular romance descended. The building blocks of popular stories have showed little change over the course of centuries.”

Rose, Mary Beth. “Sexual Love in Elizabethan Comedy.” In Renaissance Drama as Cultural History, ed. Mary Beth Rose. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1999. “Calling on Frye’s notion of an imaginative model of

Ross, Charles. “Murrin, Lewis, Greenblatt, and the Aristotelian Self-Swerve.” Journal of Philosophy 8, no. 19 (Fall 2013): 1–10. “Years ago I tried to read an essay by Northrop Frye and found that it was almost impossible

Rooney, Ellen. “This Politics Which Is Not One.” In Seductive Reasoning: Pluralism as the Problematic of Contemporary Literary Theory. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1989. Comments on Fredric Jameson’s debts to Frye. Roscoe, Brett. “Reading the Diptych: The Awntyrs off Arthure, Medium, and Memory.” Arthuriana 24, no. 1 (2014): 49–65. Uses what Frye says about the central role of memory in romance to interpret The Awntyrs off Arthure.

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to follow the logic that connected one sentence to another. His writing was extraordinarily paratactic, probably because as a fundamentalist Christian, which I did not know at the time, he had in mind a grand scheme of the universe that his sentences could relate to individually, so that their coherence depended not on the sequential relationship to each other, but to this sort of Platonic Idea out there from which he drew his famous archetypes. In his time Frye was the highest paid professor of English in America, and Harvard’s elevation of Professor Greenblatt from Berkeley assured his status as Frye’s successor, but not in terms of style. For what makes Greenblatt difficult to summarize brings us to Aristotle, not Plato. That is, his writing is a series of enthymemes.” Ross, Malcolm. “Critical Theories: Some Trends.” In Literary History of Canada: Canadian Literature in English, vol. 3, 2nd ed., ed. Karl F. Klinck. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1966. 160–75 [160–8]. Argues that Frye, more than anyone else, has put into perspective the question of Canadian cultural identity. “In Frye’s thought, ‘the Canadian question’ rises not only to the question of the social relevance of art, but to questions about the religious and mythic reach of art.”

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natural cycle, and compares Frye’s theory of romance to Joseph Campbell’s theory of the monomyth. Observes that the function of literature for Frye parallels the function of religion. Roth, Lane. “Raiders of the Lost Archetype: The Quest and the Shadow.” Studies in the Humanities 10, no. 1 (June 1983): 13–21. Rpt. in The Films of Steven Spielberg: Critical Essays, ed. Charles L.P. Silet. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 2002. 59–67. Draws on Frye’s account of the quest romance to interpret Spielberg’s Raiders of the Lost Ark. Rothman, David J. “Hudibras and Menippean Satire.” Eighteenth Century: Theory and Interpretation 34, no. 1 (Spring 1993): 23–44. Discusses the connections between “anatomy” as a form of prose fiction and the Menippean satire, as these connections are set down in Anatomy of Criticism.

Ross, Trevor. “The Emergence of ‘Literature’: Making and Reading the English Canon in the Eighteenth Century.” ELH 63, no. 2 (Summer 1996): 39–423. Focuses on the emergence of the modern concept of literature and on the change in how literary value is perceived. Looks at notions of literature before the word “literature” was defined by Frye.

Rothman, Joshua. “A Better Way to Think about the Genre Debate.” New Yorker (6 November 2014). http://www. newyorker.com/books/joshua-rothman/better-waythink-genre-debate. “The distinction between “literary fiction” and “genre fiction” accurately captured the modernists’ literary reality. But, for better and for worse, it doesn’t capture ours. It’s tempting to think that we might do without these kinds of distinctions altogether. Why not just let books be books? The thing is that genre doesn’t have to be vexing. It can be illuminating. It can be useful for writers and readers to think in terms of groups and traditions. And a good genre system—a system that really fits reality—can help us see the traditions in which we’re already, unconsciously, immersed. As it happens, there is such a system: it was invented by the Canadian literary critic Northrop Frye, and laid out in his 1957 masterwork, Anatomy of Criticism. (Frye, who trained as a minister and never earned a doctorate, is one of the most influential genre theorists of the twentieth century.) It’s ideally suited for an era in which the novel seems more diverse and unpredictable than usual.” Rothman goes on to summarize the characteristics of each of the forms of prose fiction: novel, romance, confession, and anatomy.

–  Making of the English Literary Canon: From the Middle Ages to the Late Eighteenth Century. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2000. 5, 9, 11, 12, 14. On Frye’s views of canon formation.

Rothstein, Edward. “Connections: If Autumn Comes Can Changes in the Mind Be Far Behind?” New York Times (5 September 2005): 3. On Frye’s relating the archetypes of the four mythoi with the four seasons.

Ross-Bryant, Lynn. “Archetypal Literary Criticism.” In Imagination and the Life of the Spirit. Chico, CA: Scholars Press, 1981. 167–72. Gives an overview of Frye’s theory of myth and its relation to ritual and the

Rothstein, Eric. “Anatomy and Bionomics of Criticism: Eighteenth-Century Cases.” Eighteenth-Century Studies 24 (Winter 1990–91): 197–223. Finds that the panoramic map of literature Frye draws in the Anatomy

–  “The Imaginative Sense and the Canadian Question.” Mosaic: A Journal for the Comparative Study of Literature and Ideas 11, no. 1 (1977): 1–13. Rpt. in Ross, The Impossible Sum of Our Traditions: Reflections on Canadian Literature. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1986, 145–62 [148–51]. Questions the opposition Frye establishes between the political unity of Canada, which exists at the national level, and its cultural identity, which is regional. Ross also addresses this issue in a subsequent chapter, “Canadian Culture and the Colonial Question,” pp. 163 ff.

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cannot account for much of what is valuable and distinctive in eighteenth-century literature. Rothwell, Kenneth S. “The Humanities Again.” College English 26, no. 3 (December 1964): 231–2. A reply to James Schroeter’s “The Humanities: An Enemy Within.” College English 25 (May 1964): 561–6. “Once again we have the spectacle of a person who thinks everything in the world must be ‘either-or’ being baffled and disoriented by someone who thinks ‘both-and’ can work too. Professor Frye’s chapters in the Anatomy on ‘Historical Criticism’ and ‘Ethical Criticism’ would seem to make plain that history and values do play a role in literary study. . . .” –  “Northrop Frye’s Anatomy Again: A Reply to Mr. James Schroeter.” College English 5 (February 1974): 595–60. A polemical response to Schroeter’s essay, “The Unseen Center: A Critique of Northrop Frye.” –  “Programmed Learning: A Back Door to Empiricism in English Studies.” College English 23 (January 1962): 245–50. Explores the possibilities of putting Frye’s discoveries about literary structure into programmedlearning devices so as to make more “scientific” the study of literature. –  “A Review Article: Northrop Frye in the Schools.” Exercise Exchange 18 (Fall 1973): 22–7. Reviews the thirteen-volume textbook series Literature: Uses of the Imagination, for which Frye was the supervisory editor. Gives an overview of eleven of the thirteen volumes, praises the breadth and depth of the selections, and shows how the entire series follows the pattern of Frye’s typological criticism. Glances in addition at Robert Foulke and Paul Smith’s An Anatomy of Literature, a college anthology that is also based on Frye’s theory of myths and genres. Round, Julia, Anna Burrells, and Laura Hilton. “It’s All Relative: Breaking Barriers and Binaries in Garth Ennis/ Steve Dillon’s Preacher.” Popular Narrative Media 4 (2010). http://staffprofiles.bournemouth.ac.uk/display/ conference/13964. “This article demonstrates how the comic book Preacher (Garth Ennis/Steve Dillon) breaks genre barriers and narrative binaries to produce a multi-generic work of serial fiction where norms are unfixed and nothing is absolute. It begins by considering Preacher’s use of various genre models (taken from both literary and cinematic sources and including the quest, the road movie, the western, and the romance) and exploring the ways in which this series represents and subverts these in both thematic and aesthetic terms. It notes Northrop Frye’s mode of romance as an umbrella term for these genres but argues that the subversion and

juxtaposition of all these categories prevent Preacher from being wholly resident in this mode.” Roure, Damià. “Bíblia i literatura: Aportació de Northrop Frye” [Bible and Literature: Contribution of Northrop Frye]. Butlletí de l’Associació Biblica de Catalunya 79 (2003): 80–2. In Catalan. On Frye’s contribution to the study of the Bible and literature. –  “Northrop Frye sobre la Bíblia i la literature” [Northrop Frye on the Bible and Literature]. Serra d’or 530 (2004): 7–8. In Catalan. Rousseau, George H. “Nerves, Spirits and Fibres: Toward the Origins of Sensibility (1975).” In Nervous Acts: Essays on Literature, Culture and Sensibility. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. 157–84. Draws on Frye’s effort to define sensibility, having in mind his essay “Towards Defining an Age of Sensibility.” Roussin, Philippe. “Littérature et démocratie: État des lieux (1980–2015)” [Literature and Democracy: State of Play (1980–2015)]. Contemporary French and Francophone Studies 20, no. 3 (May 2016): 411–19. –  “What Is Your Narrative? Lessons from the Narrative Turn.” In Emerging Vectors of Narratology, ed. Per Krough Hansen et al. Berlin and Boston: Walter de Gruyter, 2017. Notes that Hayden White’s Metahistory ushered in the narrative turn in historical studies, White’s principles having been drawn from Frye’s four emplotments and Kenneth Burke’s tropes. Roux, Maya González. Review of Érase esta vez: Relatos de comienzo, by Julio Premat. Orbis Tertius 23, no. 27 (June 2018). In Spanish. In support of the notion of a literary “degree zero” Premat cites Frye among others. Rowe, George E., Jr. Thomas Middleton and the New Comedy Tradition. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1979. 2–4. Begins with Frye’s definition of New Comedy—“an accurate and illuminating summary of the kinds of activities we are likely to encounter in plays of this type.” Examines the ways Middleton’s plays both follow and depart from the structure of New Comedy. Rowe, John Carlos. “Structure.” In Critical Terms for Literary Study, ed. Frank Lentricchia and Thomas McLaughlin. Chicago: University Chicago Press, 1990. 23–38 [34]. On Frye’s idea of structure; more than a dozen references to Frye scattered throughout this handbook. Rowe, Kathleen. The Unruly Woman: Gender and the Genres of Laughter. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1995. Cites Northrop Frye’s analysis of the role of

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

archetype and myth as the foundation for the deathand-rebirth motifs found in comedy and romance. Rowe treats the renewal theme as one of the primary characteristics of comedy and credits Frye with the fundamental insight that ‘all narrative reworks a common story . . . of birth, death, and rebirth.’ Frye’s insights inform her analysis of romantic comedies such as Moonstruck, in which she finds the death-andrebirth pattern evident in the character development of the romantic couple. Rowe’s discussion of the central importance of the renewal motif in comedy illuminates Keaton’s comedy as well. “When Keaton’s comic hero revives following a deadly mishap, he exemplifies a similar moment of renewal, albeit instantaneous rather than developed over time and literal rather than metaphorical.” Rowland, Robert C., and John M. Jones. “Recasting the American Dream and American Politics: Barack Obama’s Keynote Address to the 2004 Democratic National Convention.” Quarterly Journal of Speech 93, no. 4 (November 2007): 425–48. Draws upon the work of Frye to show that stories enacting the American Dream contain elements associated with romance. Traces how Ronald Reagan and conservatives utilized the romance of the American Dream to the point that many Americans associated it exclusively with conservatism. Then details how Barack Obama, in his 2004 Democratic Convention keynote address, recast the American dream from a conservative to a liberal story. Roxburgh, Stephen D. “‘Our First World’: Form and Meaning in The Secret Garden.” Children’s Literature in Education 10, no. 3 (1979): 120. An examination of the archetypal mode that The Secret Garden and T.S. Eliot’s Burnt Norton represent, in the terms of Northrop Frye’s theory of myths. Royan, Nicola, ed. The International Companion to Scottish Literature, 1400–1650. Glasgow: Association for Scottish Literary Studies, 2018. Cites Frye’s account of satire in Anatomy of Criticism. Roychoudhury, Suparna. Phantasmatic Shakespeare: Imagination in the Age of Early Modern Science. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2018. Cites volume 28 of Frye’s Collected Works, Northrop Frye’s Writings on Shakespeare and the Renaissance. Rozik, Eli. Comedy: A Critical Introduction. Brighton, Sussex: Academic Press, 2011. Frye is among the prominent theorists within the field of comedy studies, who are considered by Rozik. –  “Future Theatre Research.” Gestos 30 (November 2015): 58–68.

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–  “The Preverbal Roots of Fictional Thinking.” European Legacy 14, no. 3 (June 2009): 301–16. “This study suggests the rules that govern the fictional mode of thinking and ponders its possible preverbal roots.” Rubin, Martin. “Northrop Frye: Heroic Romance and the Low Mimetic Mode.” In Thrillers. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1999. 18–21. On the application of Frye’s theory of modes to the thriller genre. Rueckert, William. “Literary Criticism and History: The Endless Dialectic.” New Literary History 6 (Spring 1975): 491–512 [497–9, 501–11]. An argument for the importance of dialectic and theory in literary criticism. Frye (along with Edmund Wilson and Kenneth Burke) is celebrated for being a true dialectician in that he follows the logic of his own system. Also examines Frye’s attitude towards history, observing that everything he wrote since Anatomy of Criticism confirms his “acute historical consciousness.” Says that Frye is an exemplary critical intelligence, a “critical mediator dedicated, as all educationalists are, to the continuous and varied applications of his own system in a sustained attempt to shape and alter human history.” Ruffo, Armand. “Why Native Literature?” American Indian Quarterly 21, no. 4 (Fall 1997): 663–73. Foregrounds “a number of prominent theoretical and functional perspectives in the context of the relationship between language and power,” including the perspectives of Frye, George Steiner, and Thomas King. Ruland, Vernon, SJ. “Literary Critics and Theologians.” America 119, no. 20 (14 December 1968): 618–20. On the place of Frye’s “prodigious”Anatomy of Criticism in the dialogue between literature and religion. –  “Northrop Frye.” In Horizons of Criticism: An Assessment of Religious-Literary Options. Chicago: American Library Association, 1975. 121 and passim. Ruland gives a summary of Fearful Symmetry, the Second Essay of Anatomy of Criticism, and several chapters of Fables of Identity, and then judges Frye’s work against his own view of criticism—“an orthocultural, psycho-mythic, religious criticism in the inclusive sense.” Ruma, Mustapha Bala. “Crossing Frontiers: English Romanticism and Sufism as Literary Movements.” In Literature, Memory, Hegemony: East/West Crossings, ed. Patrica Gabriel Sharmani and Nicholas O. Pagan. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018. 37–54. “The Christian mythology of the Middle Ages provides . . . raw material for fashioning out their individual mythologies. . . .“‘Romanticism,’ in the words of Northrop Frye, ‘marks the beginning of an attitude to

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mythology on the part of society, making mythology a structure of imagination, out of which beliefs come rather than directly one of compulsory belief.” Rumens, Carol. “Poem of the Week: Poem for Professor Frye by Nausheen Eusuf.” The Guardian (18 June 2018). https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2018/ jun/18/poem-of-the-week-poem-for-professor-fryeby-nausheen-eusuf. On Eusuf’s cleverly appropriating some particularly clumsy metaphors Frye creates in the Anatomy, fitting them into her own poem. Runcie, C.A. “The Abuse of Judgement.” Quadrant 16, no. 2 (1972): 21–4. Looks at Frye’s views on propaganda and advertising. Runcie, Catherine. “On Figurative Language: A Reading of Shelley’s, Hardy’s, and Hughes’s Skylark Poems.” AUMLA 66 (November 1986): 205–17. Draws on Frye’s understanding of the literary figure to illustrate the different meanings of the skylark in poems by Shelley, Hardy, and Hughes. Runte, Roseann. “Northrop Frye and the Problem of Cultural Values: The Case of Canada.” In The Search for a New Alphabet: Literary Studies in a Changing World, ed. Joost Kloek et al. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 1996. 92–7. –  “Reading Stones: Travels to and in Canada.” University of Toronto Quarterly 65 (Summer 1996): 523–33. “Whether perambulating authors set out to write travelogues, to describe their visits to Canada as part of secret spying missions (surveying the cod stocks as long ago as the seventeenth century), to write novels or romances set in the Canadian wilderness, to compose letters, not only for the edification of those left behind but to create an epistolary bridge linking the writer to the reader and the very surroundings the author has escaped or lost, or to write poetry, all share the desire for discovery. All share the realities of instability and seek to render permanent their impressions. This is as true today as it was several centuries ago. As Northrop Frye writes, ‘The feeling of nomadic movement over great distances persists even into the age of the aeroplane.”’ Frye is one of several authors discussed under the topic of writers on Canada, particularly its wilderness. Rupprecht, Carol Schreier. “Archetypal Theory and Criticism.” The Johns Hopkins Guide to Literary Theory and Criticism. http://www.scribd.com/doc/44974854/ JH-Archetypal-Theory. Russell, Cristel Antonia, and Barbara B. Stern. “Consumers, Characters, and Products: A Balance Model of Sitcom Product Placement Effects.” Journal of Advertising 35, no. 1 (Spring 2006): 7–21. “Familiarity

allows viewers to experience a ‘comforting feeling of security’ in the presence of [sitcom] characters who behave predictably, for they are stereotypes or stock characters,” as defined by Frye in Anatomy of Criticism. Russell, Ford. Review of Myth, Rhetoric, and the Voice of Authority: A Critique of Fraser, Eliot, Frye, and Campbell, by Marc Manganaro. Christianity and Literature 41, no. 4 (1992): 507–8. “What Managanaro wants to bag is the notion of Frye as a developmental comparativist and thus to upset the more common view of him as a systematic or synchronic thinker. However, the best study of Frye ever written, A.C. Hamilton’s, steadily observes both strands of thought throughout Frye’s works.” Russo, John Paul. Future without a Past: The Humanities in a Technological Society. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2005. Chapter 5 treats Frye’s relation to the New Criticism. Russo, Paola. “The Word as Event.” In Lombardo, Ritratto, 159–66. Sees in Frye’s extended interpretation of kerygma a key to reading two short stories by Hawthorne, both of which are said to turn chronicle into prophecy and history into eschatology. Believes that Frye’s study of the Bible has opened up “a new hermeneutical perspective.” Ruthven, K.K. Critical Assumptions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979. 160, 202. Sees Frye as a deutero-creator (the metacritic as artist) in Anatomy of Criticism. Concludes the book by observing that although Frye has “mapped out the only comprehensive ‘placement’ theory of value” he has done more than any other critic to convince us “that the supreme critical act is not evaluation but recognition.” –  Myth. London: Methuen, 1976. 76, 80–1. Discusses briefly the place of Anatomy of Criticism, “a work of synoptic finality,” among modern theories of myth criticism. Rutland, Barry. “Foreword.” In Genre/Trope/Gender: Critical Essays by Northrop Frye, Linda Hutcheon, and Shirley Neuman, ed. Barry Rutland. Ottawa: Carleton University Press, 1992. 1–10 [2–5]. Places Frye’s essay on Henry James in the context of both Frye’s own work and current literary studies. Rutten, Pierre Van. “Northrop Frye et la littérature.” Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich [Problems of Literary Genres] 24, no. 2 (1981). 61–80. In French. Sees Frye’s work as rehabilitating the humanistic dimension of criticism at a time when literary study is too technical. Comments on Frye’s attention to the central role

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of teaching, on his global perspective, and on the synchronic and diachronic unity in his work. Gives a detailed analysis of the theories in Anatomy of Criticism. Observes that Frye’s fundamental principles are implicit in the “vertical optic” of his critical theory, in which desire moves humanity from earth to sky. Believes that Frye’s work contains too many subcategories and that it avoids the unique in literature. Frye’s greatest merits are that he gives meaning to literature and revalorizes its study and teaching. Ruud, Jay. “Back to the Future as Quintessential Comedy.” Literature/Film Quarterly 19, no. 2 (1991): 127–33. “The ridicule of folly and vice seems to be but one aspect of comedy, the whole motive of which is broader and more profound. To extend the concept, many critics would agree that comedy is best defined as the opposite of tragedy. Most basically, it is obvious that the movement of tragedy (a fall from well-being into disaster) mirrors the movement of comedy (a rise from misfortune into deliverance). The fact that these patterns parallel the movements of the seasons of Fall and Spring, respectively, is also obvious, though it took Northrop Frye to emphasize the connection which explains the archetypal universality of the two literary patterns, and points up their necessarily complementary nature.” Ryan, J.S. “Myth Criticism as a Discipline.” Westerly 2 (June 1973): 49–58. Claims that Frye’s myth criticism is a “retreat from literature” to “imaginative metaphysics” and that his achievement “claims our attention more for its beauty than its truth.” Ryan, Katy. “Horizons of Grace: Marilynne Robinson and Simone Weil.” Philosophy and Literature 29, no. 2 (October 2005): 349–64. Robinson’s novels are not stocked with concrete historical references: they include few markers to time and place. Her novels are more aligned with Frye’s idea that imaginative literature should exist “clear of the bondage of history.” Ryan, Kiernan. “Shakespearean Comedy and Romance: The Utopian Imagination.” In Shakespeare’s Romances, ed. Alison Thorne. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. 28–9. Glances at Frye’s theory of Shakespeare’s late plays. Ryan, Mark. “Fearful Symmetries: William Blake, Northrop Frye, and Archetypal Criticism.” English Studies in Canada 37, no. 2 (June 2011): 173–83. Explores the archetypal tradition in criticism and the ways that Frye’s analysis of archetypal symbolism in Blake created a new direction in literary criticism. Ryan, Michael, et al., eds. “Frye, Northrop.” In Encyclopedia of Literary and Cultural Theory, vol. 1, ed. Gregory Castle. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. 202–4.

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Ryken, Leland. Review of Archetypes and the Fourth Gospel: Literature and Theology in Conversation, by Brian Larsen. Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 62, no. 1 (March 2019): 175–7. “Frye adopted an open definition, and Larsen does the same. . . . in Larsen’s book we are as likely to find a discussion of genre as of character type, or dramatic irony as of plot motif. To render the picture even more complex than already indicated, when we turn to what receives the most space in Larsen’s analysis, we find that the primary methodology is that of close reading, in the mode of formalist criticism (also called ‘New Criticism’) that had its heyday at approximately the same time as archetypal criticism in the mid-twentieth century. Larsen’s book demonstrates what Northrop Frye’s archetypal approach yields when applied to a narrative text in the Bible.” Ryken, Leland, and Tremper Longman III, eds. The Complete Literary Guide to the Bible. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1993. Frye’s claims, arguments, and insights about biblical commentary are called on throughout. Ryong, Son Byung. “The Politics of Romance, Focusing on ‘Knight Stories.’” Medieval and Early Modern English Studies 23, no. 1 (2015): 61–81. In Korean. “This study aims to grasp the meaning of political nature of the medieval romance. In the romance paradigm the knight rides out to seek an adventure. Northrop Frye says that romance has superior characters and an archetype that support the contemporary social structure. Often, romance provides its reader or audience with the nostalgia for the past to provoke a meaningful challenge to the present.” (from author’s abstract) Ryu, Cheol Kyun. “Analysis of Narrative Strategy in Korean TV Natural Documentary on Antartica.” Journal of the Korean Contents Association 14, no. 4 (April 2014): 67–77. In Korean. Analyses the narrative features, based on Frye’s four plot patterns, of Korean documentary films. Rzhevsky, Nicholas. “Leontiev’s Prickly Rose.” Slavic Review 35, no. 2 (June 1976): 258–68. “I do not share Arthur Lovejoy’s view that romanticism is a vague or impractical concept; nor do I agree with Northrop Frye’s suggestion that a ‘conceptual approach’ to romanticism is unwise. In the last instance, our differences seem to arise from a question of genre. Professor Frye shows a marked predilection for poetry, while I prefer to emphasize prose writers such as Leontiev, Stendhal, and Dostoevsky, whose often romantic images are best understood with a conceptual critical sensibility. I do, however, accept the critical principle adhered to by Mr. Frye and René Wellek that the inner standards of

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romanticism should not be examined outside of the concrete textual situation of a writer’s or poet’s work.” S S., J.D. “Northrop Frye and Reactionary Criticism.” Literature and Ideology 2 (Summer 1969): 104–10. Essentially a review of Pauline Kogan’s Northrop Frye: High Priest of Clerical Obscurantism. Agrees with Kogan (pseud.) that Frye represents the bourgeois idealistic critic, one who must be banished if the disintegration of culture and education is to be stayed.

Saeedi, Pouneh. “Images of Liminality in Book VI of The Aeneid.” Comparative Literature and Culture 11, no. 2 (2009): 5. http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent. cgi?article=1474&context=clcweb. Comments on Frye’s treatment of the monster figure in Virgil and the Book of Genesis. Sagástegui, Carla. “El cómic en literatura” [The Comic in Literature]. Memoria gráfica 2 (2009): 8–12. In Spanish. Examines Frye’s views on naive or popular forms of literature, especially those found in drama.

Saariluomam, Liisa. “Myth as Knowledge: The Problem of Myth in Modernity.” Interlitteraria 13 (2008): 7–25. “Hayden White has shaken the historians’ belief that their research is firmly scientific by claiming that they borrow the ‘plots’ of the stories they present as scientific truths from a set of archetypal mythic plots of the kind described by the literary theoretician Northrop Frye.”

Sághy, Marianne. “A Biblia újratöltve: A keresztény életrajz a késő antikvitásban” [The Bible Reloaded: Christian Biography in Late Antiquity]. AETASTörténettudományi folyóirat [Journal of History and Related Disciplines] 1: (2010): 5–24. In Hungarian. The principle of rereading as central to the hermeneutics of Ricoeur, Fabiny, and others.

Sabbath, Roberta. “Jane Jensen’s Gabriel Knight: Sins of the Fathers/The Numinous Woman and the Millennium Woman.” Journal of Popular Culture 31 (Summer 1997): 131–47. Uses Frye’s theory of satire to help clarify the intent of Jane Jensen’s computerized novels. Calls on what Frye says about the hero and heroine in Anatomy of Criticism and The Secular Scripture.

Said, Edward. Beginnings. New York: Basic Books, 1974. 375– 7. Contrasts Frye’s “monumental edifice” of critical theory, based on the metaphor of a “centre,” with the decentred methodology of Derrida, Foucault, and Deleuze.

Šabić, Adijata Ibrišimović. “Od satire, preko lakrdije, do realističke komedije, tragifarse i ‘tužnog komada’— ’ženidba’ nikolaja vasiljeviča gogolja na sarajevskoj pozorišnoj sceni” [From Satire and Ridicule to Realistic Comedy, Tragifarce, and ‘Sad-Play’—Gogol’s ‘Marriage’ on Sarajevo Theatre Stages]. Radovi Filozofskog fakulteta u Sarajevu 1 (2017): 247–66. In Bosnian. Frye sees the ruling spirit of comedy as Eros. Săbík, Vincent. “Northrop Frye: Anatómia literárnej kritiky” [Northrop Frye: Anatomy of Literary Criticism]. Romboid [Bratislava] 4 (1968): 49–53. In Slovak. Săbík quotes with approval René Wellek’s assessment of Anatomy of Criticism as the most important critical study since Arnold. He is critical, however, of Wellek and Walter Sutton for not considering Frye’s “dialectical synthesis” in its totality. He praises Frye for his “impressive erudition, neo-Aristotelian synopsis and extraordinary historical sense.” Sabljić-Vujica, Jela. “Književnost kao ideologija sjećanja— postmoderna kao ideologija zaborava” [Literature as the Ideology of Memory—Postmodernity as the Ideology of Oblivion]. Identiteti—Kulture—Jezici 1 (2016): 167–78. In Bosnian. Examines Frye’s conception of the archetype and its critique by Fredric Jameson.

–  “Edward Said” [interview with Said]. In Salusinszky, Criticism in Society, 123–48 [141]. Said contrasts his own critical interests with Frye’s: Said wants to emphasize the relationship of literature with other things, such as music; Frye tends not to develop these relationships. –  Humanism and Democratic Criticism. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004. Chapter 2 provides a critique of Frye from the perspective of cultural criticism. “What Frye did was superbly ingenious . . . and it will stand as a monument not to the scientific humanistic criticism he believed he was formulating once and for all, but as the last synthesis in a worldview in the American humanities that has been slowly dissolving ever since.” Said questions Frye’s sweeping abstractions, which are said to neglect the material, cultural, and historical conditions out of which the literary works are written. –  “Reflections on Recent American ‘Left’ Literary Criticism.” Boundary 2 8, no. 1 (Fall 1979): 11–31. “As an instance of how brilliant and resourceful literary refinement could become there was Northrop Frye whose meteoric theoretical ascendancy over the whole realm of English studies in the 50’s and 60’s can partly be accounted for the climate of refinement (which he dignified and intensified by his Anatomy) and the historico-theoretical vacuum prevailing.”

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Saint-Cyr, Yves. “Mathematics, Music, and Modernism: Modelling the Spatial and Temporal Parameters of Frye’s Cultural Envelope.” Transverse: A Comparative Studies Journal 6 (Winter 2006): 150–70. –  “Modeling the Mind in the Literary Dimension: Northrop Frye, Douglas Hofstadter, and The Glass Bead Game.” Paper presented at the “Theory of Mind and Literature” conference, 2 November 2007. –  “Northrop Frye’s Musical Dimensions.” University of Toronto Quarterly 81, no. 1 (Winter 2012): 123–35. “Frye felt that literary critics should envy music critics because the latter deal more in structures and relationships, which is what literary critics like Frye would like to do, rather than getting bogged down in style and content. To appreciate fully the inseparability of literature and music in Frye’s life, one must start at the beginning—and as a musician himself. The evolution of Frye’s relationship with music, from his early childhood to his later career, describes an arc that passes through all of his major fields of study: from literature to religion, to visual arts and culture, to pedagogy and educational psychology.” (author’s abstract) Saklofske, Jon. “Remediating William Blake: Unbinding the Network Architectures of Blake’s Songs.” European Romantic Review 22, no. 3 (2011): 381–8. “The suggestion that Blake’s Songs creates a network structure that is localized but invites wide area connections, does not replicate the efforts of E.J. Ellis, W.B. Yeats, and Northrop Frye to map coherent Blakean ‘systems.’ A network enables all of its nodes to communicate with all other nodes, and establishes interconnective possibilities that support anti-systematic, multi-directional and even contradictory exchanges. Some connections will host much more traffic, but such pathways are not and do not become exclusive.” Saldanha, Rafael. “Prolegômenos para uma teoria do realismo literário em Northrop Frye” [Prolegomena for a Theory of Literary Realism in Northrop Frye]. Paper presented at the XX Seminário dos Estudantes do PPGF-UFRJ, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21 November 2012. https://www.academia.edu/8798695/ Proleg%C3%B4menos_para_uma_teoria_do_realismo_ liter%C3%A1rio_em_Northrop_Frye_2012_. In Portuguese. Saldívar, Ramón. “Faulkner and the World Culture of the Global South.” In Fifty Years after Faulkner, ed. Jay Watson and Ann J. Abadie. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi, 2016. “An elegant experiment with a form of satire that verges on the Menippean, Jason’s narrative [in The Sound and the Fury] offsets in its own

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right the more self-consciously avant-garde modernist techniques of the Benjy and Quentin chapters with what we may describe as a formal parody, an image, of realist narrative. The Jason section of the narrative, like Menippean satire, attacks attitudes of mind rather than the specific individuals who hold those points of view: ‘Pedants, bigots, cranks, parvenus, virtuosi, enthusiasts, rapacious and incompetent professional men of all kinds,’ as Northrop Frye puts it in Anatomy of Criticism.” Sālih, Fakhrī, et al. Al-Naqd Wa-Al-Mujtama’: Hiwār Ma’a Rūlān Bārt, Pūl Daymān, Jāk Darrīdā, Nūrthrūb Frāy, Idwārd Sa’īd, Jūliyā Krīstīvā, Tīrī Ījaltūn [Roland Barthes, Jacques Derrida, Paul de Man, Edward W Said, Northrop Frye, Julia Kristeva, Terry Eagleton]. Beirut: Al-Mu’assasah al-’Arabīyah lil-Dirāsāt wa-al-Nashr, 1995. In Arabic. Salinas, Vicente Cervera. “Hacia un cancionero de la Biblia: Piedad Bonnett” [Towards a Bible Songbook: Pieta Bonnett]. Hispamérica 42, no. 126 (2013): 105–10. In Spanish. “Northrop Frye points out in Words with Power that the process of converting myths into purely aesthetic texts arises from the moment when their original ideological function disappears, while maintaining its literary structure. In this context, ‘the myths of the Bible retained a peculiar sacrosanct status until about the eighteenth century, and in a more decadent way until our time.’ As society evolves, the plural and non-univocal dimension of the stories it will gradually become more pronounced. This, according to Frye, will result in the formation of other types of language, where myth (also biblical) persists, but its presence is no longer canonical or orthodox, opening new horizons of possibility through its contents and morphology. The poem by Piedad Bonnett (Colombia, 1951) responds very clearly to that internal process that Frye exposes, where the ideological and doctrinal substance of the original myth, in this case of the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah present in Genesis, has been dismantled in favor of an unusual and plural figuration of its matter.” Salmose, Niklas. “The Apocalyptic Sublime: Anthropocene Representation and Environmental Agency in Hollywood Action‐Adventure Cli‐Fi Films.” Journal of Popular Culture 51, no. 6 (December 2018): 1415–33. “The narrative structures of The Day After Tomorrow and 2012 are archetypical to say the least. The fulfillment of these narratives is, to relate to Frye, romantic and nostalgic: romantic in the sense of accomplished romantic fulfillment for the characters in the films (man gets woman of desire) and in concordance with the

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spectators and nostalgic in the retreat to conservative ideals in the films’ content, as well as in the formulaic endings. . . . The formulaic structure of the adventure, the “anticipated moment of predetermined closure, where the protagonist both triumphs and regains a place of safety, is the crucial mechanism of pleasure. This sense of closure and release of tension operates against agency since adventure (much like Northrop Frye’s notion of romance) is about fulfilling dreams and fantasies and therefore constructs an idealized version of reality (Frye).” Salusinszky, Imre. “The Bridge at Midnight Trembles: David Irving, Skulduggery and Canada.” Quadrant 37, nos. 7–8 (July–August 1993): 80–2. “Late last year I spent a few days in Toronto at a conference on the legacy of the Canadian literary critic Northrop Frye. While there, I was amused to observe the frantic efforts of the Canadian immigration authorities to get the ‘revisionist’ historian David Irving out of their country. Irving is always good theatre, but there was something particularly spectacular about looking at him from where I stood—at a conference on Frye. A great scholar, a great humanist, a great liberal, Northrop Frye was everything that David Irving isn’t.” –  Criticism in Society: Interviews with Jacques Derrida, Northrop Frye, Harold Bloom, Geoffrey Hartman, Frank Kermode, Edward Said, Barbara Johnson, Frank Lentricchia, and J. Hillis Miller. New York: Methuen, 1987. In the introduction to his interview with Frye, Salusinszky discusses the ways Anatomy of Criticism “slaughters a veritable herd of New-Critical sacred cows” and glances at the three directions Frye’s work has moved since the Anatomy: studies of individual writers, social analysis, and literary criticism of the Bible. Sees Frye’s influence in his having inspired “a new surge of Romantic studies so powerful we are only now beginning to see the countermovement” and in his being “one of the great forces behind the establishment of the field now called ‘critical theory.’”

–  “Frye and Romanticism.” In Denham and Willard, Visionary Poetics, 57–74. Says the proper context of Frye’s work is the history of Romanticism. Frye is most neo-Romantic in his theory that the imagination does not simply reproduce but creates and in his extending the powers of prophecy from the poet to the critic. Frye managed to circumvent the -isms of the Cold War era when writing the Anatomy because he was able to see that the artistic effort itself overcomes the corruption out of which even great works arise. This recognition has the force of prophecy in today’s critical wars; thus, the Anatomy “has waited until its thirtieth birthday before assuming its full ministry.” –  “Frye and the Art of Memory.” In Boyd and Salusinszky, Rereading Frye, 39–54. On the mnemonic devices Frye used to organize his encyclopedic knowledge. –  “Frye in Canberra.” AUMLA 66 (November 1986): 154–8. Summarizes Frye’s talk, “Myth, Metaphor, and Identity,” delivered at the Australian National University on 27 June 1986. Places Frye’s paper in the context of his larger view of literature and criticism. Frye’s talk was the basis for the Northrop Frye Seminar held at the Humanities Research Centre at the Australian National University in Canberra. –  “‘In the Climates of the Mind’: Frye’s Career as a Spiral Curriculum.” In Donaldson and Mendelson, Frye and the Word, 43–56. On the way in which Frye’s work grows out of certain key metaphors, the spiral curriculum being one such metaphor. –  “Introduction.” In Northrop Frye’s Writings on the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries, ed. Imre Salusinszky. Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 17. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2005. xix–xli.

–  “Frye and Eliot.” Christianity and Literature 42 (Spring 1992): 299–311. Sees Eliot as belonging to one of the “smaller set of antagonisms which have their rightful place in the story of Frye’s intellectual formation”; traces Frye’s implicit and explicit opposition to Eliot’s social, political, and religious views.

–  “Northrop Frye (1912–1991). In The Edinburgh Encyclopaedia of Modern Criticism and Theory. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2002. 451–7. Rpt. in Modern North American Criticism and Theory: A Critical Guide, ed. Julian Wolfreys. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2006. 19–26. Most of what Frye brought to the study of literature can be found, at least implicitly, in Fearful Symmetry. That book “contains the seeds of Frye’s approach to four subjects— the role of the archetype in literature, the function of the imagination in art and society, the relation between the religious and artistic visions, and the existence of what he would eventually call ‘the literary universe.’”

–  “Frye and Ideology.” In Lee and Denham, Legacy, 76–83. On the way that Frye’s myths of concern and freedom permit him to negotiate between the aesthetic integrity of literature and its social function.

–  “Towards the Anatomy of Criticism.” English Studies in Canada 19 (June 1993): 229–40. Argues that Anatomy of Criticism is “less a response to a specific critical movement, the New Criticism, than a response to a

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specific critical debate: the debate between the New Critics and their neo-Aristotelian adversaries at the University of Chicago.” Frye sought to transcend the either/or debate about induction and deduction in favour of a comprehensive view that includes both, and this is why “the Anatomy continues more powerfully to address the critical debates of our time.” –  “Visionary Frye.” Canadian Review of Comparative Literature/Revue Canadienne de Littérature Comparée 23, no. 2 (June 1996): 590–3. Review essay on Jonathan Hart’s Northrop Frye: The Theoretical Imagination. Salusinszky draws on selections from several of Frye’s notebooks, which had recently come to light. Salutin, Rick. “Northrop Frye.” “‘Dad, What’s the Bible?’— How Our Father-Son Chats Turned into an Illustrated Book.” Canadian Jewish News (23 January 2020). https:// www.cjnews.com/culture/books-and-authors/dad-whatsbible-father-son-chats-turned-illustrated-book. “When I spent a year as an undergrad in Jerusalem, I’d taken classes with Nechama Leibovitz, the remarkable biblical scholar, and one of the great teachers in human history. She drew in sources from anywhere, in fact it was from her that I first heard about Canadian literary critic Northrop Frye. ‘He thinks you can make literature a science,’ she said, ‘and he’s wrong. But you must read him.’” –  English Studies in Canada 37, no. 2 (June 2011): 41–2. On Frye’s college classmate Pete Colgrove. Salvaggio, Ruth. Enlightened Absence: Neoclassical Configurations of the Feminine. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988. 58–66. On Frye and the feminine, especially the Eve archetype. Samoyault, Tiphaine. “Northrop Frye: L’écrivant considérable” [Northrop Frye: A Significant Writer]. Littérature 92, no. 4 (December 1993): 96–107. In French. Includes “Bibliographie sélective et critique de Northrop Frye” (108–16). An overview of Frye’s entire career. Also includes “Manuel de style” (117–24). Sánchez, Miguel Ángel Pérez. “Jacint Verdaguer, Andrejs Pumpurs and Petar Petrović Njegos: Three Moments in the Romantic National Epic of 19th-Century Europe.” Interlitteraria 1 (2015): 35–49. “The hero represents what Northrop Frye has called “archetypes” (Frye 1957); on the mythopoetic level, the mythemes link with the figure of the hero. . . . the differences [among the heroes] are superficial, for they are used as ‘archetypes’ of Jesus Christ (Frye 1982), vehicles of messianism and redemption for the ‘fallen nation,’ understood in the symbolic sense of the ‘ecclesia’ or assembly of all the believers.”

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Sánchez-Flores, Mónica Judith. “Compassion and a Tale of Belonging for the Human Species.” In Cosmopolitan Liberalism: Expanding the Boundaries of the Individual. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010. 19–51. “Human beings have a biological need as a species to tell tales—or produce cosmologies—in which to live. These ‘tales’ refer to what Northrop Frye calls an ‘integument of culture,’ a kind of protective substance that human beings ‘wear’ in order to protect our embodiment. Culture is sustained in language and ongoing enactment of the relevant story or set of them in which we live and that gives us the ropes to constantly construct, actualize, and reify who we human beings are. Our embodiment, our animal existence, makes us fragile and needy and this neediness shows in that our species’ survival depends biologically on the ability of cultures to keep human groups living together, sharing meaning, building social interaction.” Sandall, Roger. “Spengleriana.” Ideas and Argument. https://www.rogersandall.com/spengleriana/. The Decline of the West “was always a controversial work, and though each of the names above [Henry Kissinger, George Kennan, Raymond Aron, and Frye] knew its importance—especially Frye—they might have been reluctant to say more. Spengler was too right wing, too outré, too dangerous. For that reason many writers owe this author invisible debts they have thoughtfully concealed. Lewis Mumford, for example, adopted much of Spengler’s critique of ‘the Machine’ as his own—while the case of Jean Raspail, whose 1973 novel Le Camp des Saints describes the violent takeover of France by a wave of migrant ‘colored peoples,’ is just as intriguing. Here we’re not concerned whether The Decline of the West is history, or mystical Teutonic prophecy, or primarily a work of the literary imagination—though it’s important to note Frye’s opinion that it is ‘one of the world’s great romantic poems.’” Sandberg, Eric. “Inherent Vice, Bleeding Edge, and Thomas Pynchon’s Hardboiled.” Partial Answers: Journal of Literature and the History of Ideas 18, no. 1 (January 2020): 125–48. “All the sub-forms of the detective novel can be discussed in terms of formal clarity. Northrop Frye, for instance, describes detective fiction as a form in which ‘a criminal murder at the beginning is polarized by a judicial one at the end.’” Sanders, Leslie Catherine, ed. Fierce Departures: The Poetry of Dionne Brand. Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2009. Sanders “argues that Brand reformulates Northrop Frye’s question ‘Where is here?’ disturbing and expanding the national imaginary.

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Sanders, Mike. “No Laughing Matter: Chartism and the Limits of Satire.” In Nineteenth-Century Radical Traditions, ed. Joseph Bristow and Josephine McDonagh. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. 21–35. “By following theorists as ideologically disparate as György Lukács and Northrop Frye, I want to argue for an understanding of genre as an ideological product that encodes a particular view of the world.” Sanders, Norman. “An Overview of Critical Approaches to the Romances.” In Shakespeare’s Romances Reconsidered, ed. Carol M. Kay and Henry E. Jacobs. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1978. 1–10 [9]. Brief comments on Frye’s approach to Shakespeare’s romances, plays that “lie at the center of his critical position about literature as a whole”; they take us beyond history and tragedy to a higher order of reality that everyone desires. –  “Year’s Contribution to Shakespeare Studies: Critical Studies.” In Shakespeare Survey, vol. 24, ed. Kenneth Muir. Cambridge: At the University Press, 1971. 148. Brief account of Frye’s argument in “Old and New Comedy,” “a typically witty and civilized essay.” Sanders, Richard. “True Crime Stories and the Politics of Literary Escapism: Canada as a Fiction in the Imperial Genre.” Press for Conversion! no. 69 (Fall 2017): 1–3. “Cultural constructs, religious fantasies, political fabrications and one longstanding national myth is that this country [Canada] is a global force for peace and moral goodness, destined to spread blessed ‘Canadian values’ to those less fortunate. According to Canada’s most illustrious literary son, Northrop Frye, the whole ‘mood’ of our nation is expressed in the ‘haunting vision of serenity’ of a primitive surrealist painting by Edward Hicks called “The Peaceable Kingdom,” circa 1834. In the foreground we see normally vicious predators sitting cheek to cheek, and ever so passively, with blankfaced and cherubic white pioneer children. With them are tender lambs and other tasty morsels of easy prey who, as Frye said, ‘stare past us with . . . serenity.’ It is a utopian vision of the Biblical prophet Isaiah, writ large on the North American landscape. In the background, kindly European settlers are seen parlaying peace with the Indians, generously offering them blankets and other trinkets symbolising their good will. Frye, whose genius as a literary critic and theorist made him one of the 20th century’s most influential thinkers, saw in this dream-like canvas the ‘quest for the peaceable kingdom’ that was, he argued, the defining feature of Canada’s entire literary tradition. But what Frye left unsaid is that the fabled peaceableness so fancied by Canadian wordsmiths is utter hypocrisy, a hallucinatory national

farce. Just as predators and prey never live side by side in serene nonviolent oneness, neither do conquering imperial powers treat subjugated nations with justice and peace. The fictive serenity of Hick’s art reflects, in Pollyannaish glory, the flatulent rhetoric by which so much of Canada’s deluded literary tradition, both fiction and nonfiction, has absurdly marched.” Sandlin, Jennifer, and Nathan Snaza. “‘It’s Called a Hustle, Sweetheart’: Black Lives Matter, the Police State, and the Politics of Colonizing Anger in Zootopia.” Journal of Popular Culture 51, no. 5 (October 2018): 1190–1213. “Zootopia operates to a certain extent as an allegory; however, the film’s messages are muddled and at times contradictory, making it difficult to discern a coherent narrative throughout. This is, in part, due to the generic structure of the film as comedy. As theorists of the comic form have noted, comedies often begin with an ‘old society’ that blocks the hero’s desire and move toward ‘the crystallization’ of a new society around the hero. The ends of comedies typically depict ‘the proper and desirable state of affairs.’” Sandner, David, ed. Fantastic Literature: A Critical Reader. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2004. The focus is on Frye’s view of romance, but there are some three dozen references to other aspects of his work throughout. Sandy, Mark. Review of Romance and Revolution: Shelley and the Politics of a Genre, by David Duff. Romanticism on the Net, no. 1 (February 1996). https://www.erudit. org/en/journals/ron/1900-v1-n1-ron413/005706ar/. “An antithetical relation between a Romantic revival of romance and a Europe reeling from the political aftershock of revolution in France, is central to David Duff’s study. Following in the footsteps of Northrop Frye, Frederic Jameson, and Harold Bloom, Duff is concerned, on one hand, to underline romance’s possession of a ‘poetics’ as well as a ‘politics’ and, on the other, both to remind us of the contradiction present in discussing a ‘politics of romance’ and alert us to the way in which these discussions have become an often unremarked upon critical commonplace.” Sarikaya Şen, Merve. “A Traumatic Romance of (Un) Belonginess: NoViolet Bulawayo’s We Need New Names.” In Women on the Move: Body, Memory and Femininity in Present-Day Transnational Diasporic Writing, ed. Silvia Pellicer-Ortín and Julia Tofantshuk. New York: Routledge, 2019. 46–60. Draws on Frye’s ideas of the two worlds of romance, the idyllic and the demonic. Santiago, Diana I. “The Spanish ‘Social Novel’ of the Fifties in Its European Context: The Case of Juan García Hortelano.” Europolis, Journal of Political Science and

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Theory 1, no. 11 (2012): 61–87. “Northrop Frye notes: ‘The critics who tell us that the basis of poetic expression is irony, or a pattern of words that turns away from obvious (i.e. descriptive) meaning, are much closer to the facts of literary level. The literary structure is ironic because what it says is always different in kind or degree from what it means.’” Santos Moreira, Ariágda dos. “O espaço da prostituta na literatura brasileira no século XX” [The Space of the Prostitute in Twentieth-Century Brazilian Literature]. Caligrama: Journal of Studies Romance 12 (2007). In Portuguese. Adopts Frye’s dialectic of the demonic and divine worlds to study the different representations of the prostitute in Brazilian literature. In Portuguese. Saracino, Pablo. “Apuntes para una lectura ideológica de la cronística medieval: El caso de la crónica de tres reyes” [Remarks for an Ideological Reading of the Medieval Historiography: The Case of the Crónica de Tres Reyes”]. Anclajes 21, no. 1 (January 2017): 75–93. In Spanish. Draws on Frye’s thesis in The Critical Path that literature is a socially symbolic act. Saraçli, Seçil. “The Changing Image of the Western Hero: The Searchers (1956), Midnight Cowboy (1969).” Interactions: Aegean Journal of English and American Studies/Ege Ingiliz ve Amerikan Incelemeleri Dergisi 12 (2003): 61–75. Sarajlić, Nermin. “Recidivi i remisije nihilizma jezičkih igara” [Relapse and Remissions of the Nihilism of Language Games]. Zeničke sveske—Časopis za društvenu fenomenologiju i kulturnu dijalogiku 13 (2011): 92–104. In Bosnian. Regarding the symmetry of the parallelism of the world and the language of Northrop Frye: what is the value of the gift given to the people at Sinai? Frye unequivocally says that it is not any moral law, not any tablets, but the semiotic transition from pictographic to phonetic script, from analogue to digital. Sarasvathy, Saras D. “Entrepreneurship as Economics with Imagination.” Ruffin Series in Business Ethics (2002): 95–112. “Potential entrepreneurs are not made aware of their task of bringing ‘imagination’ to the economy, in the sense of Northrop Frye, in the sense of crafting a vision of the society we want to live in, from the society we have to live in. Yet, as history shows us, this is what they end up doing, willy nilly.” Sargent, Lyman. “In Defense of Utopia.” Diogenes 53, no. 1 (2006): 11–17. “The overwhelming majority of utopias were not written as depictions of unchanging perfection. I think of them as like a photograph which captures a moment in time that has had a past and will have a future, and that future will be different, although less so

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than the past. Northrop Frye wrote that ‘most utopias have built-in safeguards against radical alteration of the structure’ and saw this as a problem, but it strikes me as simply to be expected. If you have finally gotten something to work, you want safeguards against ‘radical’—and the word radical is important—changes in the structure, but that does not suggest that the utopia should be considered perfect. Change is possible, even expected, just not radical change.” Sarisky, Darren. “Theological Interpretation of NonBiblical Texts.” Scottish Journal of Theology 72, no. 4 (November 2019): 385–97. “Against the backdrop of the debate about theological reading of scripture, this essay asks whether there ought to be theological interpretation of non-biblical texts. The claim is that there should be, since theology can serve as an encompassing framework that structures all of one’s beliefs. On this view, nonbiblical literary texts function as a set of non-privileged signs pointing toward the Christian God. . . . As Northrop Frye says in his Great Code with reference to the Bible and the West, ‘A mythology rooted in a specific society transmits a heritage of shared allusion and verbal experience in time, and so mythology helps to create a cultural history.’ This second topic is also eminently worthy to explore. But the question here is simply different. This essay deals with the work that Christian theological commitments do or could do hermeneutically in relation to non-scriptural literary texts. There should be such a thing as theological reading of non-biblical texts—if there were nontrivial work for such convictions to perform.” Šarović, Marija. “Слике другог света у наративима о вештицама” [Images of the Other World in the Narratives on Witches]. Књижевна историја 167 (2019): 215–42. In Croatian. Notes that Frye describes the ominous forest as one of the archetypal demonic images. Sarris, Andrew. “Reconstructed but Unrevised Russian Cinema.” Washington Post (9 October 1988). https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/ tv/1988/10/09/reconstructed-but-unrevised-russiancinema/929b5b3d-bd09-4013-92be-4919085c742d/. Review of Sergei Eisenstein’s silent film classic October. “‘October’ remains the supreme textbook demonstration of Eisenstein’s dynamically dialectical form of moviemaking. There are no ambiguities in this account of the Russian Revolution. Northrop Frye has observed that since The Iliad, the West has regarded the fall of the enemy as a tragic rather than a comic event. But Eisenstein treats the fall of Kerensky as pure farce, never missing an opportunity or an overhead camera angle to

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demean and diminish the ill-fated leader. There is also a tendency to caricature women as bourgeois harpies and pseudo-Amazons who tremble at the ‘truths’ peddled by the Bolsheviks.”

Savon, Hervé. Review of The Roman Self in Late Antiquity: Prudentius and the Poetics of the Soul, by Marc Mastrangelo. L’Antiquité Classique 78 (2009): 357–60. Comments on Frye’s use of typology in The Great Code.

Sastry, Srinivasa K. “An Application of Northrop Frye’s Myth and Archetype to E.M. Forster’s A Passage to India.” Literature East and West 19, no. 1 (1975): 187– 94. Argues that Forster connects the religious dimension of reality to the human one, producing Frye’s “mythical mode of narrator.” Forster thus creates an archetypal vision of the free human society, which, according to Frye, is the central myth of art.

Savu, Laura. “The Way to Grace.” University of Bucharest Review: Literary and Cultural Studies Series 1 (2012): 102–11. The logic of the Christian faith “explains the dichotomy between the way of grace and the way of nature, which also corresponds to Northrop Frye’s description of the two levels of nature posited by Christianity down to the 18th century when the negative side of the ambiguity became dominant.”

Sauer, Elizabeth. “The Postcolonial Critic: Tribute to Dr. Balachandra Rajan.” South Asian Review 30, no. 2 (2017): 21–31.

Saxena, Vandana. ‘“Live. And remember’: History, Memory and Storytelling in Young Adult Holocaust Fiction.” Literature & History 28, no. 2 (November 2019): 156–74. “The idea of heroic quest seems antithetical to the traumatic core of the Holocaust fiction. The quest, as scholars like Joseph Campbell and Northrop Frye point out, is about stabilizing the ego. The journey from home, adventures in the perilous realm, clash with the antagonists, reclaiming the inheritance and finally the return—these structural elements of the hero monomyth are meant to guide the adolescent subject towards a coherent and knowable selfhood.”

Sauerberg, Lars Ole. “Northrop Frye: The Grand Vision of a Liberal-Arts Education.” In Versions of the Past—Visions of the Future: The Canonical Criticism of T.S. Eliot, F.R. Leavis, Northrop Frye and Harold Bloom. New York: Macmillan, 1997. 99–127. A study of canon-related issues in Frye’s criticism: in Frye’s defence of the canon “he constructs a redemptive ethics, based on the possibilities of imaginative power.” Sauerberg’s book is reviewed by W.F. Williams in Choice 34, no. 10 (June 1997): 1666. Saunders, Corrine. “Introduction.” In A Companion to Romance: From Classical to Contemporary. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2004. Says that Frye has been the most influential critic in developing a kind of grammar of romance, a judgment borne out by the attention given Frye by the other contributors to this companion— more than sixty references altogether (see index to the Companion). Saunders, D. “Whatever Happened to the Wedding Feast? A Critical Look at Northrop Frye’s Archetypal Comic Narrative and Its Application to Some Recent French Examples.” Proceedings and Papers of the Sixteenth Congress of the Australian Universities Language and Literature Association Held 21–27 August 1974 at the University of Adelaide, South Australia, ed. H. Bevan et al., AULLA 16 (1974): 158–68. Examines Frye’s analysis of the archetypal patterns of comedy in Anatomy of Criticism and then applies the scheme developed there to plays by Giraudoux, Ionesco, Arrabal, and Beckett. Distinguishes Frye’s idea of the archetype as narrative structure from Bachelard’s and Durand’s psychologicalanthropolgical view. Summarizes Frye’s account of the typical narrative pattern, characters, and phases of comedy. Saunders is convinced that Frye’s system “offers both a useful working hypothesis and critical tool” for the analysis of modern comic narratives.

Schafer, Roy. “Language, Narrative, and Psychoanalysis: An Interview with Roy Schafer.” In Criticism and Lacan: Essays and Dialogue on Language, Structure, and the Unconscious, ed. Patrick Colm Hogan and Lalita Pandit. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1990. 123–44 [136– 7]. In response to questions by Patrick Colm Hogan on Schafer’s use of Frye’s mythoi: “For myself I found them applicable in that they pulled a lot of things together that were closer to experience than the very formal categories of metapsychology, and they corresponded to my experience as a therapist. I thought it would be worth trying to develop it at length.” Schafer is referring to the project he developed in A New Language for Psychoanalysis (next entry). –  A New Language for Psychoanalysis. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1976. 22–56. Chapter 3, “The Psychoanalytical Vision of Reality,” draws on Frye’s pregeneric mythoi to examine the comic, tragic, romantic, and ironic features in the vision of reality embodied in psychoanalytic thought and practice. Schaefer, William D. “Editors Column.” PMLA 92, no. 3 (May 1977): 379–80. “In the four years since PMLA’s current editorial policy was announced, we have received more than 2,000 submissions containing an estimated 50,000 footnotes that acknowledge perhaps 100,000 works by other scholars and critics. I have no

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way of knowing which scholars have been acknowledged most frequently in these footnotes, but I would hazard a guess that the name of Northrop Frye appears more often than any other. At times, in fact, it seems that authors feel their articles would not be given serious consideration without a quotation from Frye, preferably in the opening paragraph. The reason for this is not, I think, simply that Frye has said many provocative and important things that demand to be acknowledged but that he has said them so very well, that he is, in everything he writes, eminently quotable. So much so that, in rereading the address he delivered as MLA President at the 1976 Annual Convention—an address that appears as the first item in this issue of PMLA—I get the impression that virtually any sentence might well provide the epigraph for a major article.” Schaeffer, Jean-Marie. “Le Romanesque.” Vox Poetica (14 September 2002). http://www.vox-poetica.org/t/ leromanesque.htm. On the use by Frye, among others, of the term “Romantic.” Schallegger, René. “Je Me Souviens—Re/Writings of History in Contemporary Canadian Drama.” Journal of Contemporary Drama in English 3, no. 1 (May 2015): 75–92. “For a nation as young as Canada, writings and rewritings of history become essential elements in the creation of a postcolonial and independent national literature. This process was initiated during the late 1960s and 1970s, and it is not until the 1980s that we see theoretical perspectives being developed. Linda Hutcheon’s reading of Canadian culture as driven by a sense of irony and obsessed with historiographic metafiction provides the context for William J. Keith’s attempt at a national canon (building on the work of Northrop Frye and Margaret Atwood), which orchestrates the emergence of contemporary Canadian drama.” Scheil, Andrew. Babylon under Western Eyes: A Study of Allusion and Myth. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2016. The book builds on Frye’s theory of archetypes; thus, many texts central to Frye’s work (the Bible, Augustine, Blake) figure crucially in Scheil’s account of “the Babylon myth.” –  “Space and Place.” In A Handbook of Anglo-Saxon Studies. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, 2012. 197– 213. Says that Frye’s study of the principles of romance in The Secular Scripture is still foundational. Schlaeger, Jürgen, ed. Kritik in der Krise: Theorie der amerikanischen Literaturkritik [Criticism in Crisis: Theory of American Literary Criticism]. Munich: W. Fink, 1986. In German. Reprints Frye’s “On Value Judgments,” pp. 99–105.

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Schell, Richard. “Frye, Northrop.” In Encyclopedia of the Essay, ed. Tracy Chevalier. London and Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 1997. 312–13. A comprehensive overview of Frye’s grand project. Schick, Dan. “Understanding McLuhan: An Evening with David Staines.” Digest 3, no. 2 (September 2004) [Simon Fraser University]. http://arago.cprost.sfu.ca/ digest/current/DSReport.html. A report on, among other things, Staines’s view of the relationship between McLuhan and Frye. Schmidt, Michael. “News and Notes.” PN Review 11, no. 5 (May–June 1985). In A Climate Charged, B.W. Powe “blithely takes on the Olympian Northrop Frye whose practice of criticism as non-moral synthesis he rejects and whom he catches in the act of moralizing at the expense of a writer the great Anatomist cannot categorize. . . . A recent issue of the magazine Scripsi features an interview with the old Anatomist himself, Northrop Frye. Though a pioneer of theory, Frye is uneasy about the new theoretical emphasis in literary studies; he feels that knowledge of literature is inductive, ‘a matter of reading one book after another,’ and remarks on how easily undergraduates may ‘accept a theory of criticism as a substitute for the experience of literature,’ Frye points out that he has been mistaken for an American critic because of his theoretical concerns, but he is, of course, Canadian, and he makes some interesting observations about his country. He contrasts a Canadian culture ‘built up from dispossessed Tories’ and displaying ‘the inductive, Burke tradition of limping along from precedent to precedent’ with a ‘deductive’ American culture produced by a Whig revolution and deriving itself from a founding text. Asked about constitutional changes in Canada, Frye expresses his attraction to the notion of a common-wealth that is non-imperialistic, and to the symbol of royalty as something which, since it cannot possibly be earned but only gained by accident, precludes a wholly competitive society and acts as a very potent ‘community image.’” Schmitz, Thomas. Modern Literary Theory and Ancient Texts: An Introduction. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, 1999. Thinks Frye’s criticism descends from Jung’s archetypes. Schneider, Ana-Karina. “Competing Narratives in Julian Barnes’s Arthur and George.” American, British and Canadian Studies 13 (2009): 50–60. “Without any of the didacticism of a novel of ideas, Arthur and George dramatises the way in which a certain ethos or narrative comes into effect—i.e., becomes persuasive and elicits assent. The novel could be described as [what Frye calls] ‘persuasive rhetoric’ which uses ‘literary art to reinforce

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the power of argument’—i.e., transgresses the generic divides of ‘fiction’ in the direction of cultural work.”

judgments and his attention to theory before it became fashionable.

Schneider, Steffen. “Good, Bad, or Ugly? Narratives of Democratic Legitimacy in Western Public Spheres.” Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Canadian Political Science Association, Montreal, 1–3 June 2010. Use Frye’s four archetypal plots (mythoi) to classify academic and media discourses on the legitimacy of political systems.

–  Structuralism in Literature: An Introduction. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1974. 118–27. A critique of Frye’s theories of modes and forms. Says that Frye’s classification of heroic powers of action is unsystematic and inconsistent; that because he is unwilling to discuss the historical relationships of specific literary types, his theory of the forms of prose fiction is weak; and that his theory of genres is not well integrated into his theory of modes.

Schneider-Mayerson, Matthew. “Popular Fiction Studies: The Advantages of a New Field.” Studies in Popular Culture 33, no. 1 (2010): 21–35. Early criticism of popular literature “viewed genres ahistorically and merely applied traditional methodologies of literary criticism to more widely read fiction. Two representative examples are Bruce Merry’s 1977 Anatomy of a Spy Thriller and Jerry Palmer’s 1979 Thrillers: Genesis and Structure of a Popular Genre. Both are highly indebted to Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism, focus entirely on the written texts themselves (as opposed to, for example, their political economy or reception), and assume a simple relationship of direct influence between readers and the novels.” Schnell, Lisa. “Tragedy.” http://www.uvm.edu/~lschnell/ eng121/. Devotes several paragraphs to Frye’s view of tragedy and its relation to Aristotle’s. Part of a course syllabus, Spring 1999. Scholes, Robert. “Assignment 1. My Life in Theory.” In The Rise and Fall of English: Reconstructing English as a Discipline. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998. “Near the end of my graduate career, I came upon the work of Erich Auerbach and Northrop Frye. Frye was such a powerful model that some of my early writing took the form of a clumsy pastiche of his work, verging on plagiarism in its happier moments. . . . my interest in theory and my interest in writing were aspects of the same concern for language and textual structures. This was why Northrop Frye was so important for a young scholar like myself. He was clearly a learned man, a theoretician, a sensitive reader, and yet his own prose was alive with energy, crackling with allusive wit: lucid, sinuous, and elegant. His range of interests extended well beyond belletristic prose. His search for a unified field theory of language, however flawed, however impossible in its goal, was an inspiration to myself and many others of my generation.” –  The Rise and Fall of English: Reconstructing English as a Discipline. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998. 22–4, 147. On Frye’s anti-Arnoldian position on value

–  “Towards a Poetics of Fiction: An Approach through Genre.” Novel: A Forum on Fiction 2 (Winter 1969): 101–11. An essay that shows many connections to Frye’s concept of genre. Scholes acknowledges “Frye’s clever discussions of fictional genres and modes” but sees his own analysis as superior to Frye’s because it is “more aware of specific and historical generic considerations.” Scholl, Dorothea. “Die Mediatisierung des ‘kollektiven Unbewußten’ als Kollektivsymbol und Archetypus” [The Mediatization of the ‘Collective Unconscious’ as Collective Symbol and Archetype]. Interlitteraria 10 (2005): 160–78. In German. Notes the various literary conventions that count as archetypes. Schorer, Mark. “A Soft Look Backward.” CEA Critic 29, no. 7 (April 1967):1, 4–5 [5]. “Most must introduce their students to literature through what David Daiches calls ‘the shock of recognition,’ by presenting individual works to them as illuminations of experience rather than as items in a body of knowledge. The body of knowledge must come later, either as traditional literary history or as Northrop Frye’s more recent system of genres, if one is taken by that system, or perhaps by both, and others. But ‘the shock of recognition’ must come first.” Schorsch, Jonathan. “American Jewish Historians, Colonial Jews and Blacks, and the Limits of Wissenschaft: A Critical Review.” Jewish Social Studies 6, no. 2 (31 January 2000): 102–32. Maintains that the Jewish historiography of the colonial epoch has a comic narrative structure, as defined by Frye and Hayden White. Schricker, Gale. “The Antinomic Quest of Waiting for Godot.” CEA Critic: An Official Journal of the College English Association 49, nos. 2–4 (Winter–Summer 1986–7): 124–33. Schroeter, James. “Reply to Kenneth S. Rothwell.” College English 35 (February 1974): 601–2. A response to Rothwell’s “Northrop Frye’s Anatomy Again.” Defends the thesis of his earlier article, “The Unseen Center” (see second entry below).

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–  A Reply to Kenneth S. Rothwell. College English 26, no. 3 (December 1964): 231–2. –  “The Unseen Center: A Critique of Northrop Frye.” College English 33 (February 1972): 543–57. An indictment of Frye’s work as irresponsible and as causing “ludicrous misconceptions” among his followers. Says Frye’s visionary idealism is based on an “extreme denial of historicity and process,” on an “abuse of scientific jargon,” and on the erection of a critical universe that takes its authority from the fairy-tale world of myth. Schueler, Heinz J. The Old Retold: Archetypal Patterns in German Literature of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. New York: Peter Lang, 1996. Applies Frye’s ideas and other archetypal criticism to German literature during the period embracing Goethe’s Faust and Dorst’s Merlin. Argues for an archetypal unity and continuum that transcends chronology and the conventional periods and movements. Schumacher, Jan. “Northrop Frye.” In Moderne teologi: Tradisjon og nytenkning hos det 20. Århundrets teologer. [Modern Theology: Tradition and Innovation in the 20th Century], ed. Staale Johannes Kristiansen and Svein Rise. Oslo: HØyskoleforlaget, 2008. 733–45. –  “Northrop Frye.” In Key Theological Thinkers: From Modern to Postmodern, ed. Staale Johannes Kristiansen and Svein Rise. New York: Routledge, 2013. 691–702. An essay that makes the case that Frye should be taken as a serious theological thinker. Includes separate sections on Blake, modernism, Frye’s Bible course, his legacy, the Bible and literature, and his theory of the phases of language. Schuman, Samuel. “Out of the Fryeing Pan and into the Pyre: Comedy, Myth, and The Wizard of Oz.” Journal of Popular Culture 7 (Fall 1973): 302–4. Argues “that it is precisely to children’s literature that we might turn for a confirmation of Frye’s theories,” particularly his theory of comedy. Schutti, Carolina. “Über die Funktion einer biblischen Frauenfigur in der aktuellen Literatur: Marah in Raoul Schrotts ‘Tristan da Cunha’” [On the Function of a Biblical Female Figure in Current Literature: Marah in Raoul Schrott’s “Tristan da Cunha”]. Mitteilungen aus dem Brenner-Archiv 24–5 (2005–6): 166–75. In German. Schuyler, Grant. “Northrop Frye.” http://home.ca.inter. net/~grantsky/frye.html. Personal essay on Schuyler’s relationship with Frye, at a distance, from his university days on.

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Schwartz, Debora. “English 204/English 239. Shakespeare’s Plays: Tragedy.” http://cola.calpoly.edu/~dschwart/ engl339/tragedy.html. Examines Frye’s five stages of action in tragedy. Schwartz, Elias. The Forms of Feeling: Toward a Mimetic Theory of Literature. Port Washington, NY: Kennilkat Press, 1972. Examines Frye’s theory of genres. Schwartz, Regina M. The Curse of Cain: The Violent Legacy of Monotheism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998. Chapter 5 glances at Frye’s typological reading of the Joseph story in Genesis. –  “Joseph’s Bones and the Resurrection of the Text: Remembering the Bible.” PMLA 103 (March 1988): 114–24 [115–16]. Summarizes Frye’s typological reading of the Bible (a movement from promise to fulfilment) against which is placed an alternative reading (a movement of forgetting and remembering). Schwartz Lerner, Lia. “En torno a la enunciación en la sátira: Los casos de El Crotalon y los Sueños de Quevedo” [About the Anunciation in Satire: The Cases of El Crotalon and Los Sueños de Quevedo]. Revista Lexis 9, no. 2 (1985): 209–27. In Spanish. Calls on Frye’s theory of satire as one way to help define the genre from its classical to contemporary forms. Schwarz, Daniel R. “Two Major Voices of the 1950s: Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism and Eric Auerbach’s Mimesis.” In The Humanistic Heritage: Critical Theories of the English Novel from James to Hillis Miller. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1986. 118–50. Gives an overview of Frye’s approach to literature, seeks to test the usefulness of this approach by picking out the passages in Anatomy of Criticism where Frye refers to Conrad’s Lord Jim, and concludes that Frye’s work raises the following problems: it is too abstract and too inattentive to the formal complexities of literature, it does not explain the origins of ideal paradigms, it ignores the temporal, historic dimension of literature and life, it neglects the creative process, it fails to account for individuality in art, and it too ambitiously creates a new critical vocabulary. Concludes by contrasting Frye’s work with Auerbach’s. Sciancalepore, Antonella. “Archétypes littéraires: Nouvelles perspectives pour l’anthropologie de la littérature” [New Perspectives for the Anthropology of Literature]. Review of the Italian translation of Archetipi letterari, by Eleazar Moiseevič Meletinskij. Acta fabula 18, no. 8 (October 2017). In French. “The ‘archetype’ is a concept that has sparked many debates between researchers of very different disciplines throughout the twentieth century, from Carl G. Jung and Jessie Weston

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to Northrop Frye and Gilbert Durand. . . . The first concern of E. Meletinsky is to clarify his position in the face of analytical psychology and ritual mythological criticism: the author criticizes Jung and his successors for the reduction of myth to a pure psychological mechanism, but he stigmatized the approach of ritualists as Jessie Weston and Northrop Frye.” Scoggins, Anthony. “A Yoruban Narrative for Western Romance: The Palm-Wine Drunkard and Northrop Frye’s Notion of Romance.” Paper presented at the 109th Folklore and Mythology Conference, Scripps College, Claremont, CA, 2011. Scott, Alec. “Celebrating Northrop Frye.” U of T News, 13 July 2012. On the celebrations across Canada marking the hundredth anniversary of Frye’s birth: a watercolour portrait of Frye, the continuing literary festival in Moncton, NB, the unveiling of a life-sized bronze sculpture of Frye in Moncton and on the Victoria College campus, a special edition of the University of Toronto Quarterly, and an international conference devoted to Frye’s work. –  “Frye’s Anatomy.” U of T Magazine (Spring 2012). http://magazine.utoronto.ca/feature/northrop-fryeanatomy-of-criticism-alec-scott/. An overview of Frye’s work and speculations about his enduring presence, on the occasion of the centenary of his birth. Scott, Katie. “The Philosopher’s Room: Diderot’s Regrets on Parting with My Old Dressing Gown.” Oxford Art Journal 39, no. 2 (2016): 185–216. Scott applies Frye’s principle of opsis to her study of Diderot. Scott, Shelley. “‘The snow is a moving shroud’: Still Stands the House and Murder on the Canadian Stage.” Theatre Research in Canada 39, no. 2 (2018). “The theories of Northrop Frye and Margaret Atwood have been challenged by subsequent critics and by the changing realities of Canadian society and literature, and many of their assumptions thoroughly problematized by colonial and indigenous studies. But, keeping these crucial criticisms in mind, Scott argues that some of Frye’s and Atwood’s key concepts can still prove applicable to the imaginative world of Ringwood’s play, and are therefore useful for understanding its impact and continuing status in the Canadian dramatic canon.” (from author’s abstract) SCRIBD. 2004. https://www.scribd.com/ document/280032605/Ruins-of-the-Ogdoad-NorthropFrye-s-Notebooks-on-Renaissance-Literature. Tries to come to terms with Michael Dolzani’s account of Frye’s ogdoad in the former’s introduction to volume 20 of

the Collected Works, Northrop Frye’s Notebooks on Renaissance Literature. Seamon, Roger. “Poetics against Itself: On the SelfDestruction of Modern Scientific Criticism.” PMLA 104 (May 1989): 294–305. Argues that the mode of scientific criticism proposed by Frye, among others, changes into an interpretative method and so subverts the idea of criticism as a science. –  “Why Poe? Why Not Peirce?” Philosophy and Literature 29, no. 2 (October 2005): 256–68. Calls on Frye’s notion that “Criticism can talk, and all the arts are dumb. In painting, sculpture, and music it is easy enough to see that the art shows forth, but cannot say anything. And, whatever it may sound like to call the poet inarticulate or speechless, there is a most important sense in which poems are as silent as statues.” Seamon argues that “deep interpretation is a way of making the silent speak. This mistakes the nature of literature, for artefacts can issue from means-ends thinking without ‘saying’ anything: consider a bridge. The absence of a ‘message’ in a literary work is frustrating, and deep interpretation offers something less intellectually banal than the traditional ‘moral.”’ Searle, Leroy. “Afterword: Criticism and the Claims of Reason.” In Critical Theory since 1965, ed. Hazard Adams and Leroy Searle. Tallahassee: University Press of Florida, 1986. 856–72 [856–8]. Takes the 1965 English Institute program devoted to Frye as one point from which to view literary criticism in the past two decades. Notes Frye’s immense importance in the 1960s in graduate programs, the uncertain reaction of the English Institute papers to his work, and his connection with structuralism. Argues that the most obvious change in criticism since the late 1960s “has been the reversal of perspective about what must be included in the conceptual universe of ‘criticism.’ Frye’s recommendation of ‘naive induction,’ to try to find in literature alone an account of literary meaning, now appears not only naive but precritical.” Šebek, Josef. “Fryeův dialog s literaturou” [Frye’s Dialogue with Literature]. Lidové noviny 17, no. 113 (2004): 14. In Czech. Frye, who pays homage to Aristotle, bases his theoretical work on a dialogue with the literary text. Sedlar, Ljiljana Bogoeva. “Mapping the Other, Mapping the Self: B. Wongar’s Novel Raki (1994).” Facta Universitatis—Linguistics and Literature 9 (2002): 313–25. “The Australian writer Sreten Bozic (b. 1932), better known as B. Wongar, with whom this paper is concerned, possesses an equally critical and independent mind. Throughout his life he has battled against the

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seductions and coercions of bureaucrats and politicians, both in Europe and Australia, and has celebrated in his works values and attitudes that Western civilization continues shamelessly to defile and destroy. Those who love classifications and theories can find several established strategies useful in approaching Wongar’s art. Certain qualities of his work can be assessed more deeply through the archetypal criticism of Leslie Fiedler and Northrop Frye.”

a powerful metaphor for Canadian self-identification, or as one scholar nimbly commented, the peaceable kingdom became ‘an anonymous unit of Canadian cultural currency.’ The connections between literary criticism and historical writing were practically assured because the stylized notion of the peaceable kingdom, ironically American in provenance, tapped into the perennial efforts of Canadians to identify their cultural values and articulate the country’s distinctive past.”

–  “Shakespeare and Modern Versions of His Plays: Variations and Departures.” Facta Universitatis— Linguistics and Literature 4 (1997): 207–33. “Ted Hughes’ study Shakespeare and the Goddess of Complete Being is written in the spirit of Frye’s Anatomy, and produces all the effects Frye attributes to literary anthropology. The insight it provides into the composition of Shakespeare’s entire oeuvre is such that in comparison with what it has to offer, all other approaches to Shakespeare ‘dissolve into unreality.’ The basic psychology of the scheme Hughes discovered in Shakespeare became clear to him during his work on the Faber anthology of Shakespeare’s verse in 1970. In 1978, Donya Feuer of the Royal Theatre in Stockholm, put together a full-length performance of interlinked verse extracts from Shakespeare. Then, in it a solo actress relived her Shakespearean incarnations, following Shakespeare’s fascinating evolution from play to play. She contacted Hughes and inspired him to anatomize what he had identified as Shakespeare’s myth, and present it as it revealed itself in each work. The letters they exchanged concerning this matter became the book.”

Seed, David. Review of In Other Worlds by Margaret Atwood. Style 46, no. 2 (2012): 264–6. “Jung figures repeatedly as a reference point in Atwood’s discussion, as do Marshall McLuhan and Northrop Frye in helping her apply a notion of myth as a ‘story central to our self‑understanding.’”

See, Scott W. “The Intellectual Construction of Canada’s ‘Peaceable Kingdom’ Ideal.” Journal of Canadian Studies 52, no. 2 (Spring 2018): 510–38. “The linkages between the adaptation of the peaceable kingdom ideal to characterize Canada’s national identity and historical events are profound. In his penetrating conclusion to Literary History of Canada, academic Northrop Frye discussed the country’s search for a social ideal, which he defined as a ‘pastoral myth’ with a ‘nostalgia for a world of peace and protection.’ Frye referenced a painting by a nineteenth-century primitive artist and Quaker minister Edward Hicks, which was entitled The Peaceable Kingdom, to construct the appropriate imagery. He sought a mood that people had been ‘struggling to identify in the Canadian tradition. If [Canadians] had to characterize a distinctive emphasis in that tradition, [they] might call it a quest for the peaceable kingdom.’ The details of Frye’s undertaking, and his adaptation of Hicks’s painting and imagery, have been ably discussed elsewhere. . . . The legacy of Frye’s articulation of the peaceable kingdom ideal is that he transformed nineteenth-century painting into

Segre, Cesare. Introduction to the Analysis of the Literary Text. Trans. John Meddemmen. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988. 248–9, 277–8, 293–4. Discusses the way Frye’s poetics is based on a model of the world. Also glances at Frye’s understanding of mythos and dianoia and his theory of archetypes.

Segal, Robert A. Literary Criticism and Myth. New York: Garland, 1996. For Frye, passim. –  Myth: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2015. Notes that Frye does not reduce literature to myth, like most of the myth-ritualists do. He enlists both Frazer and Jung to explain the meaning of literature, not just the origin. Segalini, Beatrice. “La dimensione etica nell’azione familiare” [The Ethical Dimension in the Familiar Action]. Tesi online. https://www.tesionline.it/v2/ appunto-sub.jsp?p=5&id=171. In Italian. Draws on Frye’s three forms of tragedy: order, passion, and isolation.

Seidel, Michael. Epic Geography: James Joyce’s Ulysses. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2014. “One of the traditional tasks of the writer of epics is to mark the qualities of a land in the narrative events of a race. The epic is and always has been regionally and nationally determined. Theorists from Georg Lukács to Northrop Frye insist that the epic is a bounded document before it is boundless, locally immanent before it is transcendent. For Joyce this is as much a fact of history as a basis for narrative.” (from author’s abstract) –  Satiric Inheritance: Rabelais to Sterne. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1979. Chapter 2—on the narrative mode of satire—is indebted to Frye’s understanding of the mode.

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Seiler, Tamara Palmer. Review of West of Eden: Essays on Canadian Prairie Literature, ed. Sue Sorenson. Canadian Ethnic Studies 40, no. 3 (2008): 197–200. “One might even say that at the centre of this diverse collection is Northrop Frye’s famous question, ‘Where is here?’ slightly revised to ‘Where is here now?’ and that the answers offered here generally point to the continuing relevance of the prairie landscape to the experiences and identities of those who live in the region. In the title, West of Eden, Sorenson offers her contributors—and readers—a fecund framework for exploring this version of Frye’s perennial question.” Sejersted, JØrgen Magnus. “FØlelse og eklektisisme i Lyriske strukturer” [Feeling and Eclecticism in Lyrical Structures]. Norsk Litteratur-vitenskapelig Tidsskrift 2 (August 2015): 11–28. In Danish. Thinks Frye has misread John Stuart Mill’s remark that the reader or listener of lyric poetry basically overhears the poet who has his back to his audience. Selden, Raman. “Objectivity and Theory in Literary Criticism.” Essays in Criticism 23 (July 1973): 283–97 [292–4]. Frye’s analogy between criticism and the natural sciences is a useful polemical instrument but one that produces “damaging effects on Frye’s approach to the thorny problem of values.” Objects to the sharp dichotomy Frye makes between subjective experience and objective fact. Selinger, Eric Murphy. “My Metatextual Romance: Thinking With (and About) ‘Jaane Tu Ya Janne Na.’” Mosaic: An Interdisciplinary Critical Journal 47, no. 2 (2014): 51–66. This reading of the Indian romantic comedy Jaane Tu Ya Janne Na relies throughout on Frye’s understanding of romance as a literary mode and genre. Sell, Jonathan P.A. “Shakespeare’s Sea and the Frontier of Knowledge.” Studies in English Literature, 1500–1900 59, no. 2 (Spring 2019): 393–414. Notes Frye’s view that in Shakespeare the sea is associated with chaos. Seltzer, Leon F. “The Wisdom of Spontaneity (Part 4).” Psychology Today, 16 April 2009. https://www. psychologytoday.com/sg/blog/evolution-theself/200904/the-wisdom-spontaneity-part-4?amp. “If any creative work is to achieve greatness, it must be—as the eminent literary theorist Northrop Frye once put it—‘realized from the unconscious.’ It should be evident that at the foundation of an artistic masterpiece (as opposed to, say, a cogent piece of propaganda) what is triumphantly at work is the spontaneous mind.” Senator, Rochelle B. Collaborations for Literacy: Creating an Integrated Language Arts Program. Westport, CT:

Greenwood Press, 1995. Draws on Glenna Sloan’s Frygean-based The Child as Critic. Serafin, Bruce. “Vermeer’s Patch.” dooneyscafé.com (27 June 2004). http://www.dooneyscafe.com/modules. php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=325& mode=thread&order=0&thold=0. On Philip Marchand’s critique of Frye’s books on the Bible. Serrano, Leonor M. Martínez. “The Power and Promise of 21st-Century Literary Criticism.” Odisea no. 16 (2017): 179–95. “What is Literary Criticism? And what is it for? The simplest questions are not only the hardest to answer, but also the most important to ask. There is no simple answer to these simple questions, even though some of the most pre-eminent minds of all times have sought to answer them in a sensible manner, even with warmth and conviction. One of those pre-eminent minds is called Northrop Frye, who is probably the most important Canadian literary critic, one who has made a lasting contribution to the critical thinking about the ultimate nature, value and uses of both Literature and Literary Criticism.” Sexton, Joyce H. “‘Rooted Love’: Metaphors for Baptism in All’s Well That Ends Well.” Christianity and Literature 43, nos. 3–4 (Spring–Summer 1994): 261–87. Cites Frye’s view of All’s Well from The Myth of Deliverance: Reflections on Shakespeare’s Problem Comedies. Shaddock, David. “The Sudden Angel Affrighted Me: God Wrestling in Denise Levertov’s Life and Art.” Tikkun 28, no. 1 (Winter 2013): 52–8. “The critic Northrop Frye wrote, in Words with Power, that ‘literature always assumes, in its metaphors, a relation between human consciousness and its natural environment that passes beyond—in fact outrages and violates—the ordinary common sense based on a permanent separation of subject and object.’ To cut the metaphor in half and savor only the subject, as the purveyors of religion as mythology would do, is no less a diminishment than the fundamentalist’s trying to savor only the objective truth. The real miracle, Levertov is arguing, takes place in the field of the poem, where the subject is completely penetrated by the physical world and the physical world—while not losing a drop of its heft and feel—is lifted up, reborn from its inertness.” Shafer, Ingrid H. Eros and the Womanliness of God: Andrew Greeley’s Romances of Renewal. Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1986. An interdisciplinary analysis of Greeley’s fiction that draws upon the work of Frye, Jung, David Tracy, and others. Shaffer, E.S. “Editor’s Introduction: The ‘Great Code’ Deciphered: Literary and Biblical Hermeneutics.”

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In Comparative Criticism, vol. 5. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1983. xix–xxv. Places Frye in the context of hermeneutics, particularly as it descends from Dilthey and Szondi. Argues that Frye is a hermeneutic critic because of his concern in The Secular Scripture and The Great Code with “the authority of the interpretative community,” a concern that goes beyond structuralism. Shaham, Inbar. “Brienne of Tarth and Jaime Lannister: A Romantic Comedy within HBO’s Game of Thrones.” Mythlore 33, no. 2 (2015): 51–73. Shows how Brienne and Jaime’s story contains a certain form of romantic comedy—the kind found in Shakespeare’s comedies, which Frye referred to as “the drama of the green world.” The television series invites analysis from the perspective of Frye’s theory of myths, which Shaham provides. Shaikh, Fariha. “Fragmentary Aesthetics: Susanna Moodie and Catharine Parr Traill in the Canadian Bush.” In Nineteenth-Century Settler Emigration in British Literature and Art. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018. 95–129. “‘Where is here?’ Northrop Frye famously asks of Canada in his concluding remarks on country’s literary history. This, he argues, is a much more pertinent question than ‘Who am I?’, as few other ‘national consciousness[es] [have] had so large an amount of the unknown, the unrealized, the humanly digested, so built into it’: ‘To feel “Canadian” was to feel part of a no-man’s-land with huge rivers, lakes, and islands that very few Canadians had ever seen.’ For Frye, the geographical scope of Canada complicates the question of belonging. For the nineteenth-century female emigrant, however, it was not the immensity of the land that posed problems, but the fact of its perceived novelty. Any sense of belonging was impeded by the lack of a powerful, mythic sense of history connected to Canada’s landscape.” Shaked, Gershon. “Actors of Reflections of Their Generation: Cultural Interactions between Israeli Actors, Directors, and Theaters.” In Theatre in Israel, ed. Linda Ben-Zvi. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1996. 85–100. Draws on Frye to illustrate how Israeli acting style has moved from the “high mimetic” to the “ironic” mode. Shaker, Anthony F. Modernity, Civilization and the Return to History. Wilmington, DE: Vernon Press, 2017. “In an incisive review, Northrop Frye describes Spengler’s histrionic work, The Decline of the West, as ‘not a work of history,’ but ‘a work of historical popularization. It outlines one of the mythical shapes in which history reaches everybody except professional historians. . . .

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What Spengler has produced is a vision of history which is very close to being a work of literature. . . . If The Decline of the West were nothing else, it was still one of the world’s great Romantic poems.’” Sharpe, Eric J. “Myth Reinterpreted: Biblical Themes in Modern Swedish Literature.” AUMLA: Journal of the Australasian Universities Language and Literature Association 66 (November 1986): 218–48. Sharpe begins his essay with three quotations about myth from Frye’s The Great Code. Sharrad, Paul. Review of Postcolonial Gateways and Walls: Under Construction, ed. Daria Tunca and Janet Wilson. Transnational Literature 10, no. 1 (November 2017): 1–4. “Carol Shields’ novel Larry’s Party is read against Northrop Frye’s depiction of Canadian nature as an obstacle occasioning a ‘garrison mentality.’” Shattuck, Roger. “Contract and Credentials: The Humanities in Higher Education.” In Content and Context: Essays on College Education, ed. Carl Kaysen. New York: McGraw Hill, 1973. 65–120 [75–6, 86–7]. Discusses briefly Frye’s view of the educational contract as it is developed in “The University and Personal Life.” Shaw, David. “Oracles of Wit: Oscar Wilde and Northrop Frye.” Secrets of the Oracle: A History of Wisdom from Zeno to Yeats. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009. 246–72. Illustrates how “[f]ew modern prophets move as deftly from aphorism to wit and from wit to oracle as Northrop Frye.” Shaw, Philip. “Waterloo and British Romanticism.” Studies in Romanticism 56, no. 3 (Fall 2017): 309–19. “At its most pure, the so-called ‘neoromantic’ criticism of Jacques Barzun, Northrop Frye, M.H. Abrams, Harold Bloom, and Geoffrey Hartman worked towards a reading of the high Romantic poem as a mode of sublimation, transcending material contradictions in order to assert a depoliticized, purer form of self. But while, in later years, new historicism sought to expose the historical materialism that neo-Romanticism endeavored to sublimate, critics such as Alan Liu and Marjorie Levinson continued to represent the revolutionary and imperial eras as, essentially, a tragic narrative from hopeful origins to terminal destruction, with the Romantic imagination once again depicted, pace Babbitt, as the projection onto history of an overweening will-to-power.” Sheckels, Theodore F. “Fear in Peter Weir’s Australian Films: A Matter of Control.” Antipodes 23, no. 1 (June 2009): 75–8. “Both Northrop Frye and Margaret Atwood, in their role of literary historians, have suggested that Canada’s writers and, more generally,

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Canada’s people, do not know where they are. Long under Britain’s shadow and now under that of the United States, they lack an identity. Australian commentators often speak of a ‘cultural cringe’ that seems to reflect similar shadows in Australia. First, Britain; now, the U.S.: these nations dominate so much that one’s worth as an artist depends on acceptance in these places, not one’s own Australian place. This ‘cringe’ may well extend artists: Australians in general may look abroad so much that, like the Canadians, they lack a strong identity.” –  The Island Motif in the Fiction of L.M. Montgomery, Margaret Laurence, Margaret Atwood, and Other Canadian Women Novelists. Studies on Themes and Motifs in Literature 68. New York: Peter Lang, 2003. A study of fourteen novels by eight authors, using the critical lens of Frye and Julia Kristeva. Sheehan, John F.X., SJ. “An Appreciation of Northrop Frye’s The Great Code.” Renascence: Essays on Values in Literature 35, no. 3 (Spring 1983): 203–16. Shell, James. “‘A Mandala for the Ear’: Northrop Frye and Music.” University of Toronto Quarterly 76, no. 4 (Fall 2007): 1055–71. A study of Frye’s musical tastes and interests and the influence of music on his critical ideas. This essay was written for an undergraduate course on Frye taught by the compiler of the present volume. Sheng, Chen. “Northrop Frye and Archetypal Criticism.” Literary Studies 3 (1987). In Chinese. On Frye’s international reputation and tireless spirit of exploration. Sheng, Ning. “Criticism of Criticism: On Frye’s MythArchetypal Criticism.” Foreign Literature Review 1 (1990). In Chinese. Sherbert, Garry. “Frye’s Double Vision: Metaphor and the Two Sources of Religion.” In Donaldson and Mendelson, Frye and the Word, 59–80. Examines Frye’s views on metaphor and spirit, and considers them in the context of recent critical debates. –  “Frye’s ‘Pure Speech’: Literature and the Sacred without the Sacred.” In Rampton, Northrop Frye, 141–63. Argues that our understanding of Frye’s views on the relation of the sacred and secular can be enhanced by Derrida’s notions of religion as a discourse and by the speculations of Heidegger and Mallarmé. –  Menippean Satire and the Poetics of Wit: Ideologies of Self-Consciousness in Dunton, D’Urfey, and Sterne. New York: Peter Lang, 1996. Places Frye’s insights about the Menippean satire into his own study of the anatomy of wit.

–  “Verum Factum: Frye, Jameson, Nancy, and the Myth of Myth.” In Educating the Imagination: Northrop Frye Past, Present, and Future, ed. Alan Bewell, Neil Ten Kortenaar, and Germaine Warkentin. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2015. 96–113. Sherbert, Garry, and Troni Grande. “Introduction.” In Northrop Frye’s Writings on Shakespeare and the Renaissance. Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 28. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2010. xxiii–lxi. Sherman, Kenneth. “A Deeper Wilderness: The Art of Tom Thomson.” Queen’s Quarterly 126, no. 2 (Summer 201): 242–57. “Even the great Northrop Frye could not resist the temptation to romanticize Thomson’s death. In an early and certainly dazzling essay on the painter titled ‘Canadian and Colonial Painting,’ Frye says that an ‘incubus’ of the Canadian forest had called on Thomson ‘and when she was through with him she scattered his bones in the wilderness.’” –  “Irving Layton and His Brother Jesus.” Literature and Theology 24, no. 2 (June 2010): 150–60. “Early on, the prominent Canadian critic Northrop Frye wrote perceptively, ‘Mr Layton . . . is a poet whose conscious and creative minds are at odds’ and observed that ‘buried in Mr. Layton,’ is ‘a gentle . . . lonely . . . and rather frightened poet.’” Sherman, Louis A. “Jung, Carl (1875–1961).” In The Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism. Abingdon-onThames, Oxfordshire, UK: Taylor and Francis, 2016. “Jung’s influence spread significantly after World War II, popularized by Joseph Campbell and adapted to literary criticism by Northrop Frye.” Sherman, Sarah Way. Sara Orne Jewett: An American Persephone. Published for University of New Hampshire by University Press of New England, 1989. Draws upon the theories of Frye, among others. Sherwin, David. “Practicing Faith.” https://www.unitedchurch.ca/blogs/round-table/practicing-faith. Uses passages from Frye’s The Double Vision, to explain the phrase “practicing Christian.” Shetley, Vernon. Review of The Hatred of Literature by William Marx. Society 55, no. 6 (December 2018): 560–2. “At times Marx’s partisanship goes far enough to warp his judgment. About the Leavis-Snow controversy, to which Marx devotes a number of pages, one might have imagined that Northrop Frye’s verdict from 1970 had permanently closed the book: Frye contrasts ‘the amiable and urbane discussion of Arnold and Huxley about the proportioning of humanities and sciences in the curriculum of a liberal education’ to ‘the

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Leavis-Snow dispute, where neither contribution was in the least amiable or urbane, and where it is hard to say which of the two documents was the more stupefyingly wrongheaded.’” Shi, Bei. “Good Defeats Evil: An Archetypal Analysis of C.S. Lewis’s The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe.” Journal of Zhaotong Teachers College 6 (2006). In Chinese. Shi, Fenghua. “The Road of Psychological Criticism: from Freud to Frye.” Journal of Henan University (Social Science) 4 (2006). In Chinese. Shi, Hui. “Reconciliation in a Hug: On Discovery of a Father from Archetypal Approach.” Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research 89 (2018): 486–9. Part 2 of the paper gives a brief account of Frye’s role in the rise of archetypal criticism. Shibata, Toshihiko. “Shakespeare Criticism: Northrop Frye.” History of English and American Literature, vol. 12, ed. Hideo Kano et al. Tokyo: Taishukan shoten. 346–50. In Japanese. –  “Tragedy Criticism as the Ideal Type.” Eigo bungaku sekai [The English Literary World] 11 (February 1969): 14–17. In Japanese. Shibles, Warren. “Northrop Frye on Metaphor.” In An Analysis of Metaphor in Light of W.M. Urban’s Theories. The Hague: Mouton, 1971. 145–50. Summarizes Frye’s theory of metaphor and his discussion of analogy and identity. Outlines what Frye means by literal, descriptive, formal, and archetypal metaphor. Raises questions about his concept of metaphorical identity, seeing it as mystical and supernatural, and says that Frye’s concept of an archetype “might be thought of merely as a universe of discourse.” Shiner, Roger. “Frye, Herman Northrop.” In Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers, 1860–1960, gen. ed. John R. Shook. New York: Thoemmes/Continuum, 2005. Shippey, Tom A. “Learning to Read Science Fiction.” In Hard Reading: Learning from Science Fiction. Liverpool, UK: Liverpool University Press, 2016. In a section on the definition of science fiction, quotes Frye’s: “a mode of romance with a strong tendency to myth.” –  The Road to MiddleEarth. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1983; rev. ed. 2003. Includes a section on the genre of romance, as defined by Frye, in Tolkien. Shookman, Ellis. “Fantasies on the Fringe: Romantic Concepts of Nationalism in Utopias Set at the Edges of Nineteenth-century Europe.” History of European Ideas 16, no. 4 (1993): 647–54. On various theories of utopia,

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beginning with Frye, who “notes that individual life is so often dominated by the state in utopias precisely because they describe entire societies, not distinct individuals.” Shoutong, Zhu. New Literature in Chinese: China and the World. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publisher, 2017. “The emphasis on the close relationship between the cultural archetype and the linguistic carrier is the common ground between Northrop Frye’s theory of archetype and Althusser’s ‘homology’ theory; hence, they have become widely used terms in the current literary and cultural analyses. Homology is ‘fully possible only when we have a presumed identity among phenomena in different traditions.’” Showalter, Elaine. “Gilbert & Gubar’s The Madwoman in the Attic after Thirty Years.” Victorian Studies 53, no. 4 (2011): 715–17. “Gilbert and Gubar brought out each other’s creative and imaginative flair and created a critical prose style as distinctive for their generation as that of Northrop Frye in the generation before. For feminist critics and Victorianists in their roles as writers, not just thinkers, these stylistic innovations have been liberating and stimulating models.” Shubart, Rikke. “Birth of a Hero: Rocky, Stallone, and Mythical Creation.” In Stars in Our Eyes: The Star Phenonenon in the Contemporary Era, ed. Angela Ndalianis. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2002. 141–64. Uses Frye’s notion of myth and the function of language in an analysis of Stallone’s Rocky. Shulman, Eviatar. “The Early Discourses of the Buddha as Literature: Narrative Features of the Dīgha Nikāya.” Journal of Religion 97, no. 3 (July 2017): 360–87. Shumway, David R. Modern Love: Romance, Intimacy, and the Marriage Crisis. New York: New York University Press, 2003. 37, 43, 47–8, 149–50, 195. Draws on a number of Frye’s ideas (modes, genres, structure of New Comedy, nature of realism). Sicher, Efraim. “George Eliot’s Rescripting of Scripture: The ‘Ethics of Reading’ in Silas Marner.” Semeia 77 (1997): 243–70. Calls on Frye’s distinction between fable and romance. Šidák, Pavel. “Jazyk katolické literatury” [The Language of Catholic Literature]. Bohemica Olomucensia 2 (2015): 105–28. In Czech. Remarks on Frye’s awareness of the apophatic nature of literature. Siebers, Tobin. The Ethics of Criticism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1988. 35–7. Quarrels with Frye’s view of ethical criticism in the Anatomy because of its “implication that judgment by definition cannot be ethical.” Thinks that Frye wants to separate literature

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from the world and to define freedom apart from social existence. Siebert, Andrew J. “Literacy as a Search for Identity— Northrop Frye on Education.” Teaching in the Caucasus—Ideas, Socratic Seminar, Debate, Life, Adventures (19 August 2010). https://andrewjsiebert. wordpress.com/2012/08/19/literacy-as-a-search-foridentity-frye-on-education/. A review of Frye’s views on education. –  “Northrop Frye on Free Speech and Books.” Teaching in the Caucasus—Ideas, Socratic Seminar, Debate, Life, Adventures (14 August 2012). https://andrewjsiebert. wordpress.com/2012/08/14/northrop-frye-on-freespeech-and-books/. Draws on the collection of essays and speeches in Frye’s On Education. –  “Technology and Intellectual Freedom: Postman vs Frye 1969.” Teaching in the Caucasus—Ideas, Socratic Seminar, Debate, Life, Adventures (27 March 2013). https:// andrewjsiebert.wordpress.com/2013/03/27/technologyand-intellectual-freedom-postman-vs-frye-1969/. Siegel, Arthur. “Northrop Frye and the Toronto School of Communication Theory.” In The Toronto School of Communication Theory: Interpretations, Extensions, Applications, ed. Rita Watson and Menahem Blondheim. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007. 114–44. Examines Frye’s perspective on Harold Innis and the role Frye played in Canadian media institutions. Siegrist, Hannes, Matthias Middell, and Zoltán Cora. “Mi a transznacionális történelem?” [What Is Transnational History?] AETAS—Történettudományi folyóirat 2 (2009): 130–44. In Hungarian. Quotes Frye’s argument that the axioms and postulates of criticism have to grow out of the art it deals with. Siewers, Alfred Kentigern. “Earth: A Wandering.” Postmedieval, suppl. Ecomaterialism 4, no. 1 (Spring 2013): 6–17. “In its back-and-forth focus between the ‘green world’ and human society, Arden comes to typify what environmental philosophers (glossing Heidegger) distinguish as earth differentiated from the world of human cultural constructions: ‘The other side of nature,’ the phusis that simultaneously both hides and discloses itself. Yet earth spans the real if ghostly Arden of Warwickshire, as well as the type of older ‘green world’ associations of English folklore identified by the critic Northrop Frye, rooted in both the mythological ‘Celtic’ Otherworld and the transplanted Desert of early Christian monasticism.” –  “Spenser’s Green World.” Early English Studies 3 (2010): n.p. http://www.uta.edu/english/ees/. “Northrop Frye’s

60-year-old theory of a ‘green world’ tradition in early English literature can be adapted productively today to environmental literary criticism, which enables an understanding of Edmund Spenser’s The Faerie Queene as an environmental text. Understood today in light of ecocritical theory including ecosemiotics, and placed in a more cosmopolitan context than Frye’s theory allowed, The Faerie Queene can be re-read with the landscape of the archipelago centered on the Irish Sea as its central character.” (author’s abstract) Sifaki, Evgenia. “Masculinity, Heroism, and the Empire: Robert Browning’s Clive and Other Victorian Reconstructions of the Story of Robert Clive.” Victorian Literature and Culture 37, no. 1 (2009): 141–56. Gives a reading of Robert Browning’s Clive (1880); “attempts to account for the formalist demands of this generically complex and relentlessly ironic poetic text, while at the same time it construes the accomplishment of Browning’s poetic language and form as intricate cultural critique.” “As Northrop Frye would have it, when an adventure ends with the destruction of the hero, it turns into tragedy or irony. In this case we have an extraordinary mixture of irony and tragedy, made possible by the grotesqueness of the speaker’s strained but forceful metaphors.” Silin, Jonathan G. “Reading, Writing, and the Wrath of My Father.” Reading Research Quarterly 38, no. 2 (April–June 2003): 260–7. “While I do not take literally Northrop Frye’s assertion that imagination creates reality, it does seem to me that often the world we desire is far more real to us than the world in which we actually live.” Silin, Pamela. The Love Poems of Honniker Winkley. Berkeley, CA: Lancaster-Miller Publishers, 1978. “Over fifty cahiers were filled with the original draft of Winkley’s great missive to Alfred Jarry, in which he passionately articulated his sophisticated ‘Esthétique du Porc,’ a statement on poetics which, had fate not so cruelly swept it from us, would no doubt stand today alongside the works of Longinus and Northrop Frye as a pillar of literary criticism.” Silk, Michael. “The Autonomy of Comedy.” In Comparative Criticism, vol. 10, Comedy, Irony, Parody, ed. E.S. Shaffer. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1988. 3–38. Discusses Frye’s view of the comic mythos. Silva, Vitor Manuel de Aguiar e. Teoria da literatura. Vol. 1. Coimbra, Portugal: Lirraria Almedina, 1982. 367–73 and passim. In Portuguese. An overview of Frye’s theories of modes and genres.

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Simental, Michael G. “The Gospel According to Ayn Rand: Anthem as an Atheistic Theodicy.” Journal of Ayn Rand Studies 13, no. 2 (2013): 96–106. “Rand scholars differ on what to consider Anthem; Stephen Cox calls it a ‘crystallized epic,’ Chris Matthew Sciabarra calls it Rand’s ‘futuristic novelette,’ and Rand herself called it a poem. If we are to fully understand and appreciate its form and purpose, we can never deracinate Anthem from utopian literature. We must note that ‘in most utopias the state predominates over the individual,’ as Northrop Frye noted in his classic essay, ‘Varieties of Literary Utopias.’ Whereas Plato, More, Bellamy, Gilman, and countless others support the idea of utopia as recorded in Frye’s generalization, Rand contends that such a world is a dystopia and nothing more than the subjugation of the individual to the collective.” Simerka, Barbara. “Homosociality and Dramatic Conflict: A Reconsideration of Early Spanish Comedy.” Hispanic Review 70, no. 4 (Autumn 2002): 521–33. On the inadequacy of Frye’s theory of romance in understanding homosocial relations in noncanonical plays of the Spanish Golden Age. Šimić, Krešimir. “Eros u Vetranovićevoj Istoriji od Dijane” [Eros in Vetranović’s Istorija od Dijane]. Anafora— časopis za znanost o književnosti 1 (2014): 37–57. In Croatian. On Frye’s categories: the main bearer of the comic mode of fictional literature that corresponds to the “elegiac” in the tragic mode can best be described by the word “idyllic.” Simko, Christina. “Rhetorics of Suffering: September 11 Commemorations as Theodicy.” American Sociological Review 77, no. 6 (December 2012): 880–902. On dualistic theodicy as a response to 9/11. “Yet the dualistic theodicy was not—and is not—the only interpretive possibility. The tragic mode prevalent in Manhattan represents an enduring alternative. While dualism divides the world unambiguously into good and evil—portraying a blameless victim and an irredeemable perpetrator—and drives ideologically toward the triumph of the good, tragedy thematizes ambiguity (Wagner-Pacifici). Tragedy ‘eludes the antithesis between good and evil’ (Frye), the very antithesis that forms the backbone for dualism.” Simonetti, Marie-Claire. “Teenage Truths and Tribulations across Cultures: Degrassi Junior High and Beverly Hills 90210.” Journal of Popular Film and Television 22, no. 1 (1994): 38–42. “Canada, like a clumsy adolescent, has been experiencing growth pangs and searching for an identity for the last century. Partly due to historical events, it has felt overshadowed and intimidated by its flashier, self-confident southern neighbor. As Canadian

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scholar Northrop Frye notes, ‘American students have been conditioned since infancy to think of themselves as one of the world’s great powers. Canadians are conditioned from infancy to think of themselves as citizens of a country of uncertain identity, a confusing past, and hazardous future.’ Although Frye refers to the differences in education between the two cultures, his comment applies to the media, another institution that shapes the ideology of a culture.” Simons, Louise. “Authority in Jane Eyre: A New Generic Approach.” CEA Critic 48 (Fall 1985): 45–53. Faults Frye for devaluing women in his genre theories, yet thinks that his archetypal approach, if revised to give equal treatment to women, could be useful in interpreting Jane Eyre. Simonson, Martin. “An Introduction to the Dynamics of the Intertraditional Dialogue in The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn’s Heroic Evolution.” In Tolkien and Modernity, vol. 2, ed. Thomas Honegger and Frank Weinreich. Zollikofen, Switzerland: Walking Tree, 2006. 75–113. –  “The Lord of the Rings” and the Western Narrative Tradition. Zurich and Jena: Walking Tree Publishers, 2008. Applies Frye’s theory of modes to The Lord of the Rings. See especially chapter 3. Simpson, Jeffrey. “McLuhan, Frye and the Future of Canada.” Queen’s Quarterly 99, no. 1 (Spring 1992): 7–19. Sinani, Shaban. “Jeronim de Rada dhe një çështje e riperiodizimit” [Jeronim de Rada and an Issue of the New Periodization]. Symbol 3 (2014): 153–60. In Albanian. In connection with Frye’s The Great Code, says that no book has been more influential in the history of literature than the Bible. –  “Teksti biblik në veprën e Migjenit” [The Biblical Text in Migjenit’s Work]. Studime Filologjike 3–4 (2012): 119–63. In Albanian. Tragedy, says Frye, is a “mimesis of sacrifice” in which the sacred body is symbolically fragmented. Sinclair, Donna. “The Greatest Myth Ever Told.” The Observer [United Church of Canada] (July–August 2004): 22–3. On Frye’s reading of the Bible in terms of myth and metaphor. Sinding, Michael. “From Words to Worldview: Framing Narrative Genres.” Poetics Today 38, no. 2 (June 2017): 363–91. Notes how the genre theory of Frye and Hayden White, especially the four narrative patterns (mythoi) are a part of all historical accounts of the world. Shows how these patterns are also central to Lakoff’s notion of framing.

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–  “Mythology on the Move: Narrative Archetypes in Framing and Worldview.” Hamilton Arts and Letters 8, no. 1 (2015). http://samizdatpress.typepad.com/ hal_magazine_issue_eight1/mythology-on-the-moveby-michael-sinding-1.html. “Northrop Frye made a very strong case that among the most powerful framing resources we have is the body of conventional stories we build up throughout our lives. From infancy, they reach us via local channels of family, friends and communications media, and the encompassing cultures that feed their long histories of stories and forms into those local channels. So we may curse our team’s loss as ‘tragic,’ boast of a cross-country drive as ‘epic,’ and exaggerate an awkward soiree as ‘pure horror.’ Beyond such mundane examples, genres may also be used to frame large, even world-scale events. Horace Walpole said ‘This world is a comedy to those that think, a tragedy to those that feel.’ Frye famously claimed that beneath the variety of specific historical genres, there are a handful of more basic genres: romance, comedy, tragedy and irony/satire (Frye called these pre-generic myths or mythoi, but I’m using ‘genre’ to mean any narrative type). Moreover, these words (‘romantic’ etc.) now also refer to general attitudes toward life, presumably related to basic emotional and personality traits, and habitual ways of responding to situations. White’s Metahistory shows that even historians inescapably use such forms of ‘emplotment.’ Hence genres also define basic moral-political orientations, and the theories and thinking associated with them. Frye noted the connection of conservatism with the story of the social contract, and the tragic myth of the Fall; and the connection of liberalism with utopia, and the comic myth of the Heavenly City.” –  “Reframing Frye: Bridging Culture and Cognition.” In Rampton, Northrop Frye, 293–315. On the relationship of Frye’s work to cultural studies and cognitive linguistics. Shows especially how Frye’s myths of freedom and concern are examples of what George Lakoff calls “framing.” –  “The Shaping Spirit and Rousseau: Literary Cosmology, Cognition, and Culture.” In Northrop Frye 100: A Danubian Perspective, ed. Sára Tóth, Tibor Fabiny, János Kenyeres, and Péter Pásztor. Budapest: KGRE– L’Harmattan, 2014. 90–102. Frye’s approach to culture integrates bodily, cognitive, semiotic, social, and historical factors. Yet productive dialogue with other approaches is challenging: sympathizers may get stuck “inside” his capacious thinking, while sceptics remain “outside”—today, typically emphasizing contextual factors shaping cultural texts (e.g., ideology). Explores

an integrative approach via Frye’s account of the inversion of the axis mundi. Sing, Yeong-Won. “The Difficulty of Interpreting Blake.” Nineteenth Century Literature in English 18, no. 1 (February 2014): 65–90. In Korean. Frye’s view of Blake’s Thel as a social failure in her movement from innocence to experience is opposed to that of W.J.T. Mitchell. Singer, Ian. “Frye’s Fourth: ‘The Substance of Things Hoped For, the Evidence of Things Not Seen.’” In Donaldson and Mendelson, Frye and the Word, 293–311. On the place of faith—the form of the fourth—in Frye’s work. –  “Introduction.” In Fearful Symmetry: A Study of William Blake, ed. Nicholas Halmi. Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 14. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2004. xxiii–l. Singh, A.K. “Upamanyu Chatterjee’s Agastya: A New Voice’s Angst.” Language Forum: A Half-Yearly Journal of Language and Literature 18, nos. 1–2 (January– December 1992): 163–70. Bases his arguments on Frye’s conception of the hero’s power of action and on the quest myth. Singh, Armadeep. Literary Secularism: Religion and Modernity in Twentieth-Century Fiction. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Scholars Press, 2006. Chapter 1 examines Frye’s treatment of the religious/secular opposition. –  “Small Defense of Northrop Frye: ‘Plasmatic’ Literature, and the Creature/Creator Distinction” (20 April 2004). http://www.lehigh.edu/~amsp/2004/04/small-defenseof-northrop-frye.html. An appeal to read Frye afresh without the baggage of the culture wars. Glances at the opposition in Frye between sacred and secular scripture and between mimetic and plasmatic perspectives. Singh, R.K. “Some Reflections on the Mythical Construction of Death in Sri Aurobindo’s Savitri.” The Advent 38, no. 1 (February 1981): 22–9. Begins with Frye on the nature of myth. Singh, Saurabh. The Plays of Girish Karnad: An Archetypal Perspective: With Special Reference to Northrop Frye. Saarbrücken, Germany: Lambert Academic Publishing, 2011. Sinka, Judit Erzsebet. “A ‘balladisztikus novella’ mint archaikus tapasztalatok megjelenitöje a modemségben—a ‘balladisztikus novella’ a frye-i tengelyen” [The ‘Balladistic Short Story’ as an Archaic Experience in the Modern World—Locating the ‘Balladistic Short Story’ on the Frye Axis]. In Northrop Frye 100: A Danubian Perspective, ed. Sára Tóth, Tibor Fabiny, János Kenyeres, and Péter Pásztor. Budapest:

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KGRE–L’Harmattan, 2014. 275–81. In Hungarian. On the basis of Frye’s approach to literary history, looks at the blending of short story and ballad in the stories of István Petelei. Sinnott, Pete, Jr. “Genre.” Contriver’s Review. http://www. contrivers.org/articles/24/. On the usefulness of genre as a critical concept. Considers how Frye and Derrida use the term. “Frye and Derrida would seem to have little in common in their view of literature and genre, but they share the feature of being great stylists.” Sirluck, Ernest. First Generation: An Autobiography. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1966. Sirluck is, “first and foremost, an educator, and his autobiography provides an intimate intellectual history of mid-century universities, spiced with anecdotes about the many prominent educators he worked with, among them E.K. Brown, A.S.P. Woodhouse, Northrop Frye, and Marshall McLuhan.” (from publisher’s abstract) Sitter, John. “Flight from History in Mid-EighteenthCentury Poetry and Twentieth-Century Criticism.” In The Humanist as Citizen, ed. John Agresto and Peter Riesenberg. Np.: National Humanities Center, 1981. 94–116 [109–12]. Sees a parallel between the “avoidance of particular external referents in mid-nineteenthcentury poetry” and the synchronic, autonomous nature of literature emphasized by Frye. Sitwell, Edith. Selected Letters of Edith Sitwell, ed. Richard Greene. London: Virago, 1997. Contains letters to and from Frye about Fearful Symmetry. Six, Abigail Lee. “Blind Woman’s Buff: Optical Illusions of Feminist Progress in Juan Marsé, El Amante Bilingue.” Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies 6, no. 1 (2000): 29–41. The range of comedy is wider than the tragic range. “But this is only one criterion of a myriad used by specialists to police the borderline between the two genres. Northrop Frye, for example, draws our attention to ‘the curious feature of doubled characters which runs all through the history of comedy.’” Skakoon, Walter S. “Romance and ressentiment: Saint Genet.” In Sartre Alive, ed. Ronald Aronson and Adrian van den Hoven. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1991. 269–82. Skardhamar, Anne-Kari. “Angel, Star, Butterfly and Mirror: Philosophy for Children in Through a Glass, Darkly.” Bookbird 44, no. 2 (2006): 30–6. “The angel is a well-known figure in the great tradition of art and literature within which [Jostein] Gaarder is writing his text (see Frye, The Great Code 1981). In this tradition, an angel is a messenger between heaven and earth and

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comes to help human beings, and this is the role played by Ariel in Through a Glass, Darkly.” Skerrett, Allison. “Of Literary Import: A Case of CrossNational Similarities in the Secondary English Curriculum in the United States and Canada.” Research in the Teaching of English 45, no. 1 (2010): 36–58. Considers Frye’s views on the Canadian content of the secondary English curriculum. Sklar, Susanne. “How Beauty Will Save the World: William Blake’s Prophetic Vision.” Spiritus 7, no. 1 (Spring 2007): 30–9. Frye’s Fearful Symmetry “is still one of the best basic texts about Blake’s work and vision.” Sköldberg, Kaj. “Tales of Change: Public Administration Reform and Narrative Mode.” Organization Science 5 (May 1994): 219–38. In a rather novel application of Frye, uses his narrative modes to seek the deep structure of the changes in eight Swedish local governments. Skolik, Joanna. “Tracing Conrad’s Duelists.” Review of Conrad’s “The Duel”: Sources/Text, by John H. Stape and John G. Peters. Yearbook of Conrad Studies XI (2016): 109–10. This book “will not only attract scholars who might want to verify Northrop Frye’s proposition that ‘literature derives not from life but from other literature’ but also the inquisitive reader attempting to trace the links between literature and life.” Skowronek, Katarzyna, and Dorota Rancew-Sikora. “O (nie)zbędności opowiadania: Refleksje teoretycznokrytyczne na temat badań narracyjnych i perspektywy storytelling” [On the Redundancy of Storytelling: Theoretical and Critical Reflections on Narrative Research and the Storytelling Perspective]. Studia Humanistyczne AGH 1 (2012): 7–24. In Polish. The authors say that applied linguistics is particularly important for the development of the narrative approach in literary studies, from which representatives of other disciplines borrow both language and research methods (including Barthes, Frye, Bakhtin, Labov, and Waletzky), but language scholars in turn derive their inspiration from the social sciences and philosophy. Slan, Jon. “Writing in Canada: Innis, McLuhan, and Frye: Frontiers of Canadian Criticism.” Canadian Dimension 8 (August 1972): 43–6. Sees Frye as using a critical method directed towards forms and structures of communication that exist in a society as part of its social mythology. Points out that there is a social direction in all of Frye’s work and especially in The Critical Path. “What is important in Frye’s work is not the truth value of his literary system of social vision, but the integrity of the imaginative response which lies behind the vision. His total work is both a demonstration and celebration

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of man’s struggle against dehumanization, and he has the courage to confront the present without distaste, the past without nostalgia, and the future without fear.” Šlapkauskaitė, Rūta. “Multikultūralizmo užburti: Irene Guilford Glėbys ir Antano Sileikos Gyvenimas Išsimokėtinai [Under the Spell of Multiculturalism: Irene Guilford’s The Embrace and Antanas Sileika’s Buying on Time]. Literatūra 4 (2008): 63–75. In Lithuanian. “The dynamics of the multicultural conjuncture in [Irene Guilford’s] The Embrace is somewhat reminiscent of the tradition of formula-writing that Northrop Frye deplored in his ‘Conclusion to a Literary History of Canada’: Guilford shows a reasonably low degree of self-reflection and follows in the steps of previous ethnic minority writers, producing little more than a set of literary clichés filled with the charms of cultural exotica.” Slavić, Dean. “Fryeeva Anatomija kritike u svjetlu autorova opusa i srodnih teorija u 20. stoljeću” [Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism in Light of Other Twentieth-Century Literary Theories]. Literary Festival 39 (2007): 85–90. In Croatian. –  “Fryeevi modusi smrti” [Northrop Frye’s Modes of Death]. Umjetnost riječi 2 (2001): 125–50. In Croatian. Aims to explain the death of the main heroes of works coming from Frye’s five modes, examining the hero’s level of knowledge and power of action, the hero’s impact on the present characters, the benefit the characters obtain from death, as well as the characters’ posthumous existence and their final destination. Slayton, Kendra. “Sex and Sovereignty: Angela Carter’s Medieval Toyshop.” Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction 60, no. 3 (May 2019): 311–29. Notes Frye’s commentary of the mythological function of fire. Slepov, Eugene. ‘“Singularities of Time and Place’: A Study of Nativity as Ethnicity in A Confederacy of Dunces.” Southern Quarterly 56, no. 2 (Winter 2019): 8–21. “I argue that Ignatius [in John Kennedy Toole’s A Confederacy of Dunces] is rejected by society in the figure of the fool, a rejection that makes for, as Northrop Frye put it, one of the most terrible ironies that can be expressed in literature. Rather than a multitude of ethnic voices and views, I hear a consolidated message among the plurality: a message that is clear enough from Swift’s opening epigram, of a rising of the dunces in a ‘confederacy’ against the ‘true genius’ of the world. The nature of that expulsion needs to be analyzed closely, for it is as much a rejection as an escape.” Slinn, E. Warwick. Review of Criticism in Society: Interviews with Jacques Derrida, Northrop Frye, and Others. Philosophy and Literature 14, no. 1 (1990): 184–5.

Sloan, Glenna. The Child as Critic: Developing Literacy through Literature, K–8. New York: Teachers College Press, 2003. Rev. ed. of The Child as Critic: Teaching Literature in the Elementary School. New York: Teachers College Press, 1975, rev. 1984. An approach, based on Frye’s work, to literary education in the elementary school. Argues that literary study has to be set within a framework of literary theory. Sloan’s elaboration of Frye’s own theory is chiefly in chapters 2–4. The book is based in part on Sloan’s earlier study, “The Practice of Literary Criticism in the Elementary School” (EdD dissertation, Columbia University, 1972). –  “Introduction” to teacher’s manuals for Literature: Uses of the Imagination. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1973. The introduction appears in each of the thirteen volumes in this series of literary anthologies, for which Frye was the general editor. Sloan relies on many of Frye’s ideas about the function of literature, narrative forms, and structures of imagery. –  “Northrop Frye in the Elementary Classroom.” Children’s Literature in Education: An International Quarterly 40, no. 2 (June 2009): 120–35. Shows the ways in which Frye’s theories continue to be relevant for both the field of literary criticism and elementary classroom education today. Sloan, Ian. “The Reverend H. Northrop Frye.” In Rampton, Northrop Frye, 105–22. On the significance of Frye as a theologian and on his stance towards the church. Slopen, Beverley. “Climate, Distance Shape Canadian Writers.” Publishers Weekly 215 (5 March 1979): 66. Brief account of Frye’s place in Canadian letters and his views on Canadian writers. Smaill, Anna. “Audience and Awkwardness: Personal Poetry in Britain and New Zealand.” In Oxford Handbook of Contemporary British and Irish Poetry, ed. Peter Robinson. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2013. “John Stuart Mill famously defined poetry as a form of expression that is completely unconscious of a listener, and which the reader, therefore, must overhear. In his subsequent discussion of lyric, Northrop Frye picks up on Mill’s description of poetry as that which is overheard. However, he also specifically emphasizes the element of pretence involved in lyric’s relationship with an audience, its potential for performativity.” Smedescu, Andreea. “The Odyssey of Charles Bukowski through the City Maze.” University of Bucharest Review: Literary and Cultural Studies Series 2 (2016): 56–74. “The urban topos is a psychological awareness of one’s individuality, and Bukowski ventures into a symbolic Homeric odyssey, enlivening the urban myths through

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metaphorical analogies. In Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism (1957), the symbol is perceived as a literary unity that is both a motif, and a sign. In Bukowski’s poems, the city is both a social image, but also the archetype of Babel-like world of technology, and split personalities.” Smith, A.J.M. Towards a View of Canadian Letters. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia Press, 1973. An assessment of Frye’s contribution to Literary History of Canada, which Smith sees as “accomplished with brilliant success”—though he takes issue with Frye’s statements about evaluation. Smith, Barbara Herrnstein. “Contingencies of Value.” Critical Inquiry 10 (September 1983): 1–35 [5–8]. Examines Frye’s role in the debate during the past fifty years about the proper place of evaluation in literary study. –  “The Exile of Evaluation.” In Contingencies of Value. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988. 19, 21–2, 24–5, 27. Maintains that Frye’s distinction between the history of taste and the structure of criticism is a false one because the evaluative practices used in the history of taste are a part of the systematic study of literature; argues that Frye’s remarks on comparative value judgments (e.g., the claim that Milton is more rewarding than Blakemore) beg such questions “as the relation of canonical and noncanonical texts in the system of literary value in eighteenth-century England.” Smith, Emma. “Genre.” In Shakespeare’s Comedies. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2004. 29–35. Discusses Frye’s contribution in The Myth of Deliverance and A Natural Perspective to the definition of the comic genre in Shakespeare’s plays. Smith, Hallett. “Myth, Symbol, and Poetry.” In Shakespeare’s Romances: A Study of Some Ways of the Imagination. San Marino, CA: Huntington Library, 1972. 197–209 [199–206]. Criticizes Frye’s reading of Shakespeare’s late plays as embodiments of the Proserpina myth, which Frye sees “as the most pervasive and fundamental [myth]” in the romances. Claims that Frye’s approach distorts the romances, is reductive, and distorts the facts of the plays. Smith, Jacob. Anatomy of Sound: Norman Corwin and Media Authorship. Oakland, CA: University of California Press, 2016. “To say that an edited collection on the work of Norman Corwin is overdue is to understate the matter: there has never been an edited collection focusing on Corwin’s work, despite his globespanning reputation, as Jake Smith and Neil Verma

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point out in their introduction. But to understand the full import of this neglect—and how this volume so crucially addresses it—we may need to invoke not only the ‘anatomy of sound,’ Corwin’s term and the title astutely chosen for this book, but perhaps some form of the ‘anatomy of criticism’—not in the strictly Northrop Frye sense of the phrase.” Smith, Jeff. “Lincoln’s Miniature Bible: Performing Sacred History in the Gettysburg Address.” Brno Studies in English 45, no. 1 (2019): 171–89. “As Northrop Frye has demonstrated at length, this structure of ‘type’ and ‘antitype,’ which he calls ‘U-shaped,’ is the Bible’s ‘overall containing form’ as well as the shape of many of its individual stories.” Smith, Jim. “Northrop Frye, David W. McFadden and My Mother All Agree on One Thing.” Legal Studies Forum 41, nos. 1–2 (2017): 498. A poem. Smith, Jonathan M. “Geographical Rhetoric: Modes and Tropes of Appeal.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 86, no. 1 (1996): 1–20. In remapping geographical discourse, draws on Frye’s theory of fictional modes, showing that geographers construct their narratives in terms of romance, tragedy, comedy, or irony. Smith, Leonard V. “Paul Fussell’s The Great War and Modern Memory: Twenty-five Years Later.” History and Theory 40, no. 2 (May 2001): 241–60. Devotes a section of the essay to the influence of Frye on Fussell’s book. Smith, Lyle. “What Fielding Missed: “Special Effects” in Forster’s A Passage to India.” Studia Mystica 8, no. 3 (Fall 1985): 32–41. Smith, Patricia Juliana. “Weldon’s The Life and Loves of a SheDevil.” Explicator 51, no. 4 (Summer 1993): 255–7. Maintains that Fay Weldon’s The Life and Loves of a She-Devil seems to validate Frye’s argument in the Anatomy that irony is the polar opposite of romance. The novel is, however, more than a clever deployment of Frye’s flow charts of modes and mythoi. Smith, Paul. “Criticism and the Curriculum: Part I.” College English 26 (October 1964): 23–30. A proposal for revising the English curriculum. Much of what Smith recommends is rooted in the principles underlying Frye’s own theory, especially the notion of a conceptual order of total coherence in the discipline of criticism. Smith, Philip. “Narrating Global Warming.” In Oxford Handbook of Cultural Sociology. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012. 745–60. “This article examines global warming using the narrative genre model of risk evaluation. The narrative genre model of risk

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evaluation offers a systematic and comparative way of looking at the form and structure of storytelling and its consequences for human action. It is based on a number of claims, for example: uncertain events and real world facts are ‘clues’; [in terms of Frye’s modes] we can see things as low mimetic, romantic, tragic, or apocalyptic; binary oppositions play a role as building blocks for wider storytelling activity.” –  Review of The Sins of the Fathers: Germany, Memory, Method by Jeffrey C. Olick. American Journal of Sociology 124, no. 3 (November 2018): 974–6. Those familiar with Frye’s and Hayden White’s notion of emplotments can readily see Olick’s memory genres as low mimetic, tragic, and so forth. Smith, Steven G. “What Is Scripture? Pursuing [Wilfred Cantwell] Smith’s Question.” Anglican Theological Review 90, no. 4 (Fall 2008): 753–75. Glances at Frye’s notion that kerygma is the “essential idiom” of the Bible. Smith, Theophus H. Conjuring Culture: Biblical Formation of Black America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. Uses Frye’s typological perspective to argue that the Bible has been taken by Black Americans as a code that must be read typologically. Smithies, James. “Post-War New Zealand Literary Critique.” Thesis Eleven 92, no. 1 (2008): 87–107. “Although literary taxonomy has been largely abandoned since the work of Northrop Frye during the mid-20th century, it can still be justified in a postmodern environment where critics demand attention to the solubility of generic boundaries, because the identification of new modes of writing can shed light on important cultural practices.” Smyth, T.W. “My Lovely Enemy Revisited.” Essays on Canadian Writing 63 (Spring 1998): 113–33. On the romance structure, as defined by Frye, in Rudy Wiebe’s My Lovely Enemy. The failure to recognize this structure prevents understanding the novel at its deepest levels. Smyth, William J. Review of Toronto, The Belfast of Canada: The Orange Order and the Shaping of Municipal Culture by Jane G.V. McGaughey. Canadian Journal of Irish Studies 40 (2017): 240–2. Notes Frye’s critique of the stranglehold Orange culture had over civic life in Toronto. Sng, Zachary. “The Construction of Lyric Subjectivity in Shelley’s ‘Ozymandias.’” Studies in Romanticism 37, no. 2 (Summer 1998): 217–34. Makes use of Frye’s “Approaching the Lyric,” Shelley’s essay “On Life,” and Martin Buber’s I and Thou to explain “the illocutionary

failure of Ozymandias’ inscription and the physical destruction of his statue” as “doubles of each other.” Snyder, Robert. “From the Editor.” Christianity and Literature 41 (Spring 1992): 239–40. An introduction to the special issue devoted to Frye, whose “work is everywhere imprinted with an unmatched amplitude of spirit and reach.” Snyman, Gerrie F. “Old Testament Essays—Figuring out Cain: Darwin, Spangenberg, and Cormon.” Old Testament Essays 30, no. 2 (September 2017): 421–42. Snyman calls on Frye’s idea of the archetype. Sobolczyk, Piotr “Queering the Warsaw Uprising (with a Little Help from Miron Bialoszewski).” Studia Humanistyczne AGH 2 (2012): 193–213. “In Northrop Frye’s well-known classification of narrative archetypes the ‘picaresque narrative’ would fall under the category ‘romance’ (while the love stories of today that are called ‘romances’ actually represent the archetype of ‘comedy’).” Socken, Paul. The Myth of the Lost Paradise in the Novels of Jacques Poulin. Rutherford, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1993. “Poulin introduces the theme of the soul and his personal concept of it, as the soul for him is proof of the inner life that embodies the qualities of tranquility and tenderness associated with the lost paradise. Lost paradise literature is universal and timeless. Poulin’s portrayal is placed in historical context so that his contribution to the genre can be fully appreciated. Referring to studies by such critics as Mircea Eliade, Northrop Frye, Jerome S. Bruner, and Jack J. Boies, Socken demonstrates how Poulin’s use of the myth reflects a modern tendency toward the personalization and internalization of myth.” (publisher’s abstract) Söderberg, Sofia. La caduta tragica dell’uomo: Archetipi letterari in Dino Buzzati [The Tragic Fall of Man: Literary Archetypes in Dino Buzzati]. Stockholm: Romanesque and Classical Institutions, University of Stockholm, 2015. In Italian. “To fully appreciate the thematic essence of the Italian short-story writer Dino Buzzati it is necessary to understand his use of literary archetypes. As these have been discussed by the Canadian literary critic Northrop Frye, the question for the study was whether his theory about the tragic mode could be mapped directly onto the themes of Buzzati and, if there were discrepancies, what impact they had on the received message. The study presupposed the archetypes found in the tragic mode of the fifth phase and in the low mimetic mode as described by Frye, exemplified by Adam and the episode of the fall of man, and found many of them in

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the short stories collection La boutique del mistero by Buzzati. The narrative follows the archetypal theory perfectly with the cause, fall and effect of the situation, and many tragic characters can be found, such as Adam. However, Frye’s seven cyclic worlds correspond in only five cases, whereas two violate the tragic archetypal laws: the cosmological and the vegetable worlds. The literary effect is that tragedy is perceived as occurring too soon in the protagonist’s life and described by the ironic observational writer as having no effect on the world, leaving the readers with the sense that they too might be excluded from society the way Adam was and prematurely die alone.” (author’s abstract) Sokolski, Jacek. “Cosmopoiesis Jana Kochanowskiego” [Jan Kochanowski’s Cosmopoiesis]. Pamiętnik Literacki: Czasopismo kwartalne poświęcone historii i krytyce literatury polskiej [Literary Memoir: A Quarterly on the History and Criticism of the Polish Literature]. 1 (2015): 5–22. In Polish. Begins by affirming what Frye says about the imagination in The Educated Imagination. “Half a century ago, Northrop Frye wrote: ‘The world of literature is a world where it is no reality but that which is the human imagination.’ Later he added: ‘Literature speaks the language of imagination, and literary study assumes the exercise of and the perfecting of our imagination. We use imagination constantly: it appears in our every conversation and in practical life; it even produces dreams when we sleep. As a result, we only have a choice between a poorly trained imagination and one that is trained well, regardless of whether we have ever read a particular poem or not.’” Sommers, Janet B. “Interpreting the Bible as Literature: Historical and Contemporary Contexts with Implications for Christian Education.” Christian Education Journal 4, no. 1 (Spring 2007): 78–99. What has caused the burgeoning and increasingly widespread interest since the 1970s in interpreting the Bible as literature? “Some observers suggest that scholars had grown frustrated with limitations inherent in the grammatico-historical method and impatient with obstacles impeding or impasses resulting from the historical-critical method; others point to the pioneering yet influential efforts of such literary critics as Northrop Frye and Robert Alter.” Somville, Pierre. Review of The Object of Literary Criticism by R. Shusterman. Revue Philosophique de la France et de l’Étranger 180, no. 1 (January–March 1990): 117. “The only kinship of criticism with the science here admitted is the use of Popper and the criteria of refutability and revision. Reacting against the dogmatism of Jakobson or Northrop Frye, this combination of emotionalist realism

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and objectification, open to a plurality of meanings, seems to me to be the best.” Son, Byung-yong. “The Politics of Romance with a Focus on ‘The Knight’s Tale.’” Medieval and Renaissance English Studies 23, no. 1 (February 2015): 61–81. In Korean. “This study aims to grasp the meaning of political nature of the medieval romance” by way of several perspectives on the nature of romance, one of them being Frye’s. Song, Tae Hyun. “Carl Gustaf Jung’s Concept of the Archetype.” Humanities Contents 6 (2005): 23–38. In Korean. Examines the idea of the circular concept as developed in the Platonic context and then introduces the concept of ‘archetype’ of Carl Gustav Jung, which had a great influence on 20th-century theories of imagination. The concept of a circle was given to scholars of postmortem studies (Mircea Eliade), imaginative philosophers (Gaston Bachelard), and literary critics (Northrop Frye). Song, Yongyi. “Erotic Archetypes in Jian’an Literature.” Chinese Culture: A Quarterly Review 34, no. 2 (June 1993): 23–41. Song-woo, Nam. “The Influence of Frye on Korean Literary Genres, with a Focus on Kim Jun-oh.” Korean Academic Society 42, no. 4 (2006): 281–317. In Korean. Song, Zelai. “Taiwan Literature over 300 Years.” https:// www.businesswire.com/news/home/20130711005517/ en/NCKU-Doctoral-Student-Song-Zelai-Won-National. Song’s work on Taiwanese literature is based on Frye’s theory of myths. Songwoo, S. “The Religious Experience of Northrop Frye and Shin Seong-il.” Today’s Literary Criticism 22 (September 1996): 28–46. In Korean. Sook, Im Jung. “Introduction to Northrop Frye’s System of Myth Criticism.” Aesthetics 8, no. 1 (1982): 45–59. In Korean. Sook, Kwon Jung. “A Study of Northrop Frye’s System of Myth Criticism.” An e-text of Sook’s MA thesis issued by Gangneung University (1996). In Korean. Soper, Ella, and Nicholas Bradley. “Introduction: Ecocriticism North of the Forty-Ninth Parallel.” In Greening the Maple: Canadian Ecocriticism in Context, ed. Soper and Bradley. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary Press, 2015. “In his ‘Conclusion’ to the Literary History of Canada, a landmark essay, Frye several times suggests that an agonistic relationship to the landscape defines Canadian culture; he notes that a characteristic of Canadian poetry is a predominant ‘tone of deep

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terror in regard to nature.’ This hypothesis, surely one of Frye’s most notorious observations about Canadian writing, epitomizes the centrality of nature in Canadian cultural discourse, albeit in negative terms. The idea of a ‘garrison mentality,’ probably his most familiar single phrase about Canadian society, likewise captures the sense of hostility to the environment that ostensibly defines the Canadian psyche. Frye’s writing on Canadian literature and culture continues to be a critical touchstone, despite the strenuous efforts of waves of critics who have resisted the emphasis on literary theme and overarching claims about the country, which inevitably seem inadequate when examined closely” (from the introduction). Numerous references to Frye are scattered throughout the rest of the book. Sorensen, Sue. “He thinks he’s failed.” Studies in Religion/ Sciences Religieuses 43, no. 4 (2014: 553–74. In her chapter on Robertson Davies, Sorensen quotes Frye on religion as a historical and cultural force in Canada. Sotomayor, Áurea. “El delito de Julia, la outsider” [The Crime of Julia, the Outsider]. CENTRO Journal 26, no. 2 (Fall 2014): 66–97. In Spanish. Sotta, Cleomar Pinheiro. Das Letras ás Telas: A Tradução Intersemiótica de Ensaio Sobre a Cegueira [Das Letras ás Fabrics: An Intersemiotic Translation of [the Film] Ensaio Sobre a Cegueira]. São Paulo: Editora UNESP, 2015. In Portuguese. A study of José Saramago and his cinematographic adaptation of the novel Blindness (2008), directed by Brazilian filmmaker Fernando Meirelles. Saramago’s narrative, taken as a starting point, is analysed in the light of the categories of images established by Frye: demonic, apocalyptic, and analogical. Spallino, Chiara. “Song of Solomon: An Adventure in Structure.” Callaloo, 25 Recent Essays from Europe: A Special Issue (Autumn 1985). “Effectively combines Proppian formalism with Barthian structuralism, Genette’s narratology, and Northrop Frye’s myth criticism.” Spang, Kurt. “Melos y opsis en la crítica de Northrop Frye” [Melos and Opsis in the Criticism of Northrop Frye]. Revista de Filología Hispánica 25, no. 1 (2009): 82–7. A survey of Frye’s ideas on the relation of literature to painting and music. Sparling, Don. Review of Modernism on the “Margin”—the “Margin” on Modernism: Manifestations in Canadian Culture by Katalin Kürtösi. Studies in Anglophone Literatures and Culture 4 (2013): 154–6. “Stepping back a pace from Modernism itself, Katalin Kürtösi in her fourth section deals with Modernism viewed through

the critical lens of five major Canadian thinkers: Harold Innis, Northrop Frye, Marshall McLuhan, Charles Taylor and Hugh Kenner.” Sparshott, Francis. “Frye in Place.” Canadian Literature 83 (Winter 1979): 143–55. Considers Frye’s place in Canadian cultural history and assesses his importance as a critic in general. Sees his importance in the Englishspeaking world as having redeemed critical theory from the errors of the “new criticism” by insisting on first principles, and says that even though he has been eclipsed by structuralism in the past decade, he should not have been because he anticipated most of what is important in recent critical movements. The significance of Frye in the context of Canadian culture generally is that he “is, without doubt or qualification, a world figure.” More specifically, his significance in Canadian letters has taken two forms: his annual reviews of Canadian poetry in the 1950s and his influence on a younger generation of critics and poets. Speaks of Frye’s role in Canada’s public life, on the relation between his critical theory and his educational views, of his roots in Eastern Canada. Frye’s critical theories are that of a builder rather than a debater. Discovers in Frye two different accounts of what literature is: the monistic view rooted in Blake, Spengler, and Frazer of literature as a unified imaginative order, and the pluralistic view of several different literatures elaborating the central mythology of culture. Sees the real talent of Frye’s literary imagination as his social criticism. –  “The Last Word in Criticism.” Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada 20 (1982): 117–29. Contrasts Marshall McLuhan and Frye, both of whom served in the English departments of church-related colleges of the University of Toronto. While McLuhan was the more forwardlooking, he located the best of art in an obsolete past. Frye, seeking literary understanding in the past, saw literature’s value as a source of possible futures. –  “The Riddle of Katharsis.” In Centre and Labyrinth: Essays in Honour of Northrop Frye, ed. Eleanor Cook et al. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1983. 14–37. Finds that Frye’s solution to the riddle of katharsis, like Aristotle’s, frustrates our attempts to understand how the emotional and imaginative transformation in our experience of literature works. Neither critic provides “a straightforward and satisfying answer.” Says that Frye’s analysis of the structure of tragedy does not provide an adequate account of either the experience of ordinary playgoers or of the dynamics of social experience. –  The Structure of Aesthetics. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1963. Passim. Makes frequent references to Frye’s criticism and quotes Frye on a number of

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topics, including aesthetic theories, the nature of criticism, beauty and subliminity, Blake, archetypes and anagogy, and genre theory. Spears, Monroe K. “The Newer Criticism.” Shenandoah 21 (Spring 1970): 110–37. Rpt. in Spears, Dionysus and the City. New York: Oxford University Press, 1970. 107–38. A study of the ways Frye and Frank Kermode have complemented the New Criticism. Examines Frye’s debt to Blake and analyses some of the basic assumptions of Anatomy of Criticism, saying that Frye’s attempt to formulate a progressive and accumulated science of criticism is “an outrage to common sense, as is his postulate that the critic should have nothing to do with evaluation.” Also says that Frye “is a complete irrationalist, whose only articles of faith are the occult ‘tradition’ and the Imagination.” Spector, Sheila A. “Frye’s Mistreatment of the Archetype.” Blake: An Illustrated Quarterly 50, no. 2 (Fall 2016): 34 paragraphs; no pagination. Examines some of the disputes about Frye’s view of Blake. Topics discussed include the assessment of the influence of Frye in the literary work, the mistreatment of Frye on the archetype of Blake, the esoteric context of the work, and the occurrence of the Jewish community. Speller, Maureen K. “Rhetorical Ectoplasm.” Paper Knife (7 March 2011). On the “Polemical Introduction” to Anatomy of Criticism. Spellmeyer, Kurt. “Writing and Truth: The Decline of Expertise and the Rebirth of Philosophy.” JAC [Journal of Advanced Composition] 13, no. 1 (Winter 1993): 97–110. http://www.jacweb.org/Archived_volumes/ Text_articles/V13_I1_Spellmeyer.htm. Sees the writing of J.L. Austin and Frye as symptomatic of a professional and specialized knowledge, one that has abandoned the experience of ordinary people. Spencer, Alexander, and Kai Oppermann. “Narrative Genres of Brexit: The Leave Campaign and the Success of Romance.” Journal of European Public Policy: Special Issue: The Brexit Policy Fiasco 27, no. 5 (2020): 666–84. “Based on the work by Northrop Frye, Hayden White argues that there are a number of different ways of telling narratives, including the genres of tragedy, comedy, satire and romance. These ideal types of genres include a number of specific elements identified in literary studies.” “This article argues that the Leave [i.e. Britain’s leaving the European Union] narrative was successful in the 2016 referendum in part because it conformed to one of the well-established narrative genres of tragedy, comedy, satire and romance.”

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Spero, Shubert. “Yehuda Halevi and the Philosophical Use of Metaphor.” Tradition 45, no. 3 (Fall 2012): 7–20. Quotes Frye on the use of metaphor in the Bible. Sperry, Stuart M. “Wallace Stevens and the Seasons.” Southern Review 33, no. 3 (1997): 605–27. On the archetypal elements in Stevens’s treatment of the seasons, echoing Frye’s mythic criticism. Spiegelman, Willard. “‘Are You Talking to Me?’ Speaker and Audience in Louise Glück’s The Wild Iris.” Literature Compass 2, no. 1 (January 2005). In a symposium on the lyric, takes the position that Glück’s poem is “overheard” by the audience or reader, a phenomenon which Frye calls the “radical of presentation.” Spikes, Michael P. Understanding Contemporary American Literary Theory. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1997. The introduction discusses Frye’s influence on contemporary theory. Spiridon, Monica. “The Great Code and Its Theoretical Legacy.” Interlitteraria, no. 8 (2003) 31–43. Focuses upon the relevance of Frye’s work for the postmodern turn of literary interpretation. Describes his approach as a valuable source of analytical categories for criticism in a postmodern context. –  “Inventing Romania: Nationalism and Literature in the 20th Century.” Interlitteraria 5 (2000): 76–86. “The time dynamics of literary history fits the profile of the Christian calendar. The qualitative grid overwhelms the chronological structure, symbolically reinterpreting and re-evaluating it. A correlation of the same type as the slippery hermeneutics Northrop Frye discovers between The Old and The New Testament—the twin panels of the Great Code.” –  “Literary Succession: A Typological Account of Creativity.” Synthesis: Bulletin du Comité National Roumain de Littérature Comparée et de l’Institut d’ Histoire et de Théorie Littéraire “G. Clinescu” de l’Académie Roumaine, no. 23, 1996 (special issue: Perspectives européennes). Bucharest: Editura Academiei Române, 1996. Beginning with Frye’s typological criticism, as adumbrated in The Great Code and Words with Power, analyses Edmond Rostand’s La dernière nuit de Don Juan and Thomas Mann’s Doktor Faustus. Traces Frye’s categories of type and antitype in both literary works in order to reveal their double. –  “Northrop Frye and the Basic Patterns of Cultural Memory.” Continent [Universitatea din Suceava] 1, nos. 1–4 (2000): 115–28.

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–  “Symptômes d’un ‘syndrome,’ narratif: La tournure exégétique du genre Romanesque” [Symptoms of a Narrative “Syndrome”: The Self Exploratory Turn of the Novel]. Caietele chinox 16 (2009): 186–93. In French. Frye is credited with helping to uncover for us the great code of Western European culture, uniquely fabulous and sacred. Spiro, John Paul. “Why We Should All Read Northrop Frye and Our Students Should Not.” Paper presented at the 13th annual conference of the Association for Core Texts and Courses, Williamsburg, VA, 30 March 2007. Spolsky, Ellen. “Archetypes Embodied, Then and Now.” Poetics Today 38, no. 2 (June 2017): 317–39. “Artists and poets return to old stories and reconsider old images not because they are, as Northrop Frye considered them, successfully integrated clusters, but because they are not.” Sporn, Paul. “Empirical Criticism: A Summary and Some Problems.” In Poetic Theory/Poetic Practice (Papers of the Midwest Modern Language Association 1), ed. Robert Scholes. Iowa City, IA: Midwest Modern Language Association, 1969. 16–31 [18–19]. Examines Frye’s argument for a scientific criticism, along with arguments of those making similar claims. Reviews some of the objections raised against Frye’s view that criticism can become inductive, systematic, and progressive. Spriet, Pierre. “Frye et la theorie des genres.” In Théorie des genres et communication, ed. Jean-Claude Barat, Pierre Orecchioni, and Alain Richard. Talence: Maison des sciences de l’homme, 1978. 43–68. In French. Looks at Frye’s theory of genres from a linguistic perspective. Argues that only an archetypal approach can account for the themes, models, patterns, and images of literary works because such an approach sees genre as a “structure of social communication” between the speaker and the audience. Sproxton, Birk E. “E.J. Pratt as Psychologist, 1919–1920.” Canadian Notes & Queries 14 (November 1974): 7–9. Frye’s “Introduction” to Pratt’s Collected Poems “may have underestimated the importance of psychology to Pratt’s poetic career.” Srivastava, Reetika. “Myth as Archetype in Two Jataka Stories.” Research Discourse 8, no. 26 (March 2018): 37–40. A study of the two stories (“The Two Good King” and “The Rash Magician”) from the point of view of Frye’s theory of myths—chiefly in its archetypal modes. Stacey, Robert David. “History, Tradition, and the Work of Pastoral: Northrop Frye’s ‘Conclusion’ to Literary History of Canada.” In Rampton, Northrop Frye, 79–100.

Points to the operation of displacement and belatedness in Frye’s Conclusion to Literary History of Canada and to its focus on the pastoral convention. –  “Looking at ‘The Gold Sun’; or, The Glosa’s Glasses.” Journal of Canadian Studies 38, no. 1 (2004): 108–17. Is assisted in his analysis of P.K. Page’s The Gold Sun by Frye’s conception of anagogy. –  Review of Keepers of The Code: English-Canadian Literary Anthologies and the Representation of Nation, by Robert Lecker. English Studies in Canada 41, nos. 2–3 (2015): 239–43. Is uncertain about whether or not Lecker has solved the problem of the Canadian literary canon “any more successfully than Frye did. But unlike Frye, he has provided us with a systematic account of the emergence and flowering of the cultural institution of Canadian literature, from an aspiration to a bureaucratic fact in our high schools and universities.” Staels, Hilda. “[Margaret Atwood’s] The Penelopiad and [Jeanette Winterson’s] Weight: Contemporary Parodic and Burlesque Transformations of Classical Myth.” College Literature 36, no. 4 (Fall 2009): 100–18. Margaret Atwood’s The Penelopiad is a parody of the myth-ritual school of anthropology. “By exclaiming ‘Consider us pure symbol’ of seasonal, vegetational and lunar phenomena, Atwood and Winterson attack Frazer’s influential myth-ritualist theory among mythopoeic critics such as Jessie Weston and Northrop Frye.” Stafford, Ottilie. “The Bible as Visionary Power.” Spectrum 13, no. 2 (1982): 30–4. On the importance of Frye’s application of literary theory to biblical study. “Frye’s approach makes possible not only a coherent reading of Scripture, but also a new approach to the ways that biblical literature acts as a magnet drawing to itself the secular literature of our culture.” Staines, David. “David Staines on Northrop Frye and Evaluative Criticism.” The Biblio File (28 June 2010). http://thebibliofile.ca/professor-david-staines-onnorthrop-frye-and-evaluative-criticism. A conversation with Nigel Beale that reveals the author of Fearful Symmetry and the Anatomy of Criticism as a surprisingly self-contradictory critic; speaks to the remarkable talent of Alice Munro and Canada’s current stock of strong fiction writers; outlines criteria for acceptance into the New Canadian Library; and identifies some of the best Canadian novels. –  “Frye: Canadian Critic/Writer.” In Lee and Denham, Legacy, 155–63. Rpt. in Northrop Frye’s Canadian Literary Criticism and Its Influence, ed. Branko Gorjup. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009. 251–9. On the place of Frye’s Canadian writings in his work

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

as a whole. Divides Frye’s Canadian writing into three periods over the course of more than fifty years. –  “The Holistic Vision of Hugh of Saint Victor.” In Centre and Labyrinth: Essays in Honour of Northrop Frye, ed. Eleanor Cook et al. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1983. 147–61. Explores the writings of Hugh of Saint Victor as “an analogue to and a possible source of Frye’s critical vision.” –  “Introduction.” In Northrop Frye on Canada, ed. Jean O’Grady and David Staines. Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 12. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2003. xxi–xxxvi. –  “Nick Mount’s Arrival charts the Ascent of Canadian Writing.” Globe and Mail (1 September 2017). Review of Mount’s Arrival: The Story of CanLit. “Mount recounts the critical work of Northrop Frye and Marshall McLuhan, which preceded [the] explosion” of a series of world-class writers in the 1960s. –  “Northrop Frye in a Canadian Context.” In Denham and Willard, Visionary Poetics, 47–56. Sketches the development of Frye’s specifically Canadian criticism against the larger development of English Canadian literature. This criticism (more than eighty titles) deserves a special place in the Frye canon. It articulates such central Canadian myths as the garrison mentality, the swallowing leviathan, and the peaceable kingdom. “The first Canadian writer whose vision is greater in kind than that of his best readers is Northrop Frye.” Standish, Isolde. Myth and Masculinity in Japanese Cinema: Towards a Political Reading of the “Tragic Hero.” London: Routledge, 2000. After viewing some 1500 Japanese films, and drawing on the theories of Claude Lévi-Strauss, Northrop Frye, and Hayden White, the author discovered the narrative structure of the tragic hero, which is implicit in the film Chūshingura and in fact is the principal structure through which aspects of modern Japanese history have been codified and interpreted in popular film. St. Andrews, B.A. “The Canadian Connection: Frye/ Atwood.” World Literature Today 60 (Winter 1986): 47– 9. Traces the influence of Frye on both the criticism and fiction of Margaret Atwood, particularly Frye’s account of the way the Canadian sensibility has been shaped by its encounter with the environment. Stanley, Adam. “The Beginning of Archetypes: The End of Chaos.” Agora: Journal for Undergraduate Scholarly Papers (2005 issue). http://www.agorajournal.org/2005/ Stanley.pdf. On the usefulness of Frye’s mythoi for classifying stories.

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Stănuş Estera-Romelia. “Post-War Japanese Consumer Society in Search for an Identity (a Way to Approach Yukio Mishima’s The Temple of the Golden Pavilion).” Dialogos 3 (2001): 94–7. “Though uncapable of heroic acts, the character succeeds in destroying the object of his obsessions, fears and frustrations culminating with his final purification, liberation and fulfilment. In Northrop Frye’s apocalyptic conception of human life, there are three kinds of fulfilment: individual, sexual and social. Mizoguchi’s sexual fulfilment is denied to him by the power of conflicts inside him.” Starnes, Sofia. “Bearers of Meaning: Poets and the Anglican Theological Review.” Anglican Theological Review 100, no. 3 (Summer 2018): 593–4. “In 1977, ‘Rosewood for Northrop Frye’ by Kataryn R. Gabriella appeared in the Anglican Theological Review. Today, four decades removed, one is struck by the lifeblood it shares with the poetry we continue to publish.” Starr, Charlie W. The Fauns Bookshelf: C.S. Lewis on Why Myth Matters. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2018. “The famous twentieth-century literary critic Northrop Frye complimented C.S. Lewis by including him in a group of writers about whom he said, ‘many learned and recondite writers whose work requires patient study are explicitly mythopoetic writers.’” States, Bert O. “Northrop Frye: The Anatomy of Wit.” Hudson Review 40 (l988): 457–79. Examines the foundations of the creative appeal in Frye’s work. Frye “has reversed the process of exemplification” by inscribing the general, invisible proposition in the visible, particular example. The role of the proposition is to support the particular, rather than the reverse, which usually characterizes discursive prose. Because Frye’s writing repatterns other literature, it produces an aesthetic response like that of a “great inverted poem.” Points to the features in Frye’s prose that produce the delight: its metaphorical surprises, its reliance on the techniques of ut pictura poesis, the counterpoint produced by its Rabelaisian voice, and its giving to literature a voice that literature does not have. Like a Brueghel painting, Anatomy of Criticism does not use detail to fill in the structure of its schema; rather, the structure “is there to provide a context, if not an excuse, for the detail.” Frye’s criticism is not so much propositions that are confirmed by his piling detail upon detail. It is rather “the mimetic act of exemplification” itself. Stasiowski, Maciej. “‘Celle qui avance’: O zastyganiu w akcie, czytaniu i ponownym odczytywaniu ‘Gradivy,’ nie tylko przez Alaina Robbe-Grilleta ‘Celle qui avance’ [On Becoming Still in the Act, Reading and Rereading

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of ‘Gradiva,’ ‘The One Who Advances’ by Alain RobbeGrillet]. Kwartalnik Filmowy [Film Quarterly] 89–90 (2015): 82–101. In Polish. –  “Varia: Jeśli spekulować to z nostalgia . . . Filmowe spotkania utopii literackich i architektonicznych” [Varia: Speculating with Nostalgia . . . Cinematic Encounters of Literary and Architectural Utopias]. ER(R)GO. Teoria-Literatura-Kultura 27 (2013): 59–75. For Frye architectural designs are part of utopian fictions. Steele, James. “The Literary Criticism of Margaret Atwood.” In Our Own House, ed. Paul Cappon. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1978. 73–81 [77–80]. Argues that Atwood’s criticism follows the idealism and liberalism of Frye’s critical theory, even though on the surface she appears to be a crusader for radical change. Sees Atwood as blending together Frye’s archetypal categories and the psychological categories of Eric Berne, both of which are said to be “static, ahistorical, abstract, and one-dimensional categories of understanding.” –  “Margaret Atwood’s Cat’s Eye: New Feminism or Old Comedy?” In O’Grady and Wang, Northrop Frye, 121– 35, and in Wang and O’Grady, New Directions, 283–306. Frye’s insight that narratives are subsumed under one of four mythoi can help to illuminate Atwood’s novel. –  “Reading Frye.” English Studies in Canada 29, nos. 3–4 (September–December 2003): 242–9. Review essay of Boyd and Salusinszky, ed., Rereading Frye, giving a detailed summary of each of the essays in the collection. Stefanescu, Bogdan. “Peace Talks: Indexical Master Tropes and Their Potential for Conflict in the Construction of National Identity.” ESSACHESS—Journal for Communication Studies 1 (2017): 11–31. “Northrop Frye sees (ecstatic) metaphor as a mode of representation that arises from a special existential mode wherein self and other become identical: ‘in a state of society in which a split between a perceiving subject and a perceived object is not yet habitual, and what it does in that context is to open up a channel or current of energy between human and natural worlds. . . . The essential point here is that literary metaphor, which is purely hypothetical, grows out of an existential type of metaphor, as we might call it, where a subject does identify himself with something not himself, in an experience which has no further need for language.’” –  “Voices of the Void: Andrei Codrescu’s Tropical Rediscovery of Romanian Culture in The Hole in the Flag.” University of Bucharest Review: Literary and Cultural Studies Series 2 (2008): 11–20. “Both Blaga and

Cioran address the topos of Romanians’ absence from history by resorting to the symbolism of the void, but it is easy to notice that two opposing self-images result. . . . This is where I need to resort to the methodological insight of Hayden White, whose tropological framework I have slightly modified in order to deal with nationalist discourse types in a more consistent manner. I will identify Blaga’s national self-representations as Anarchist in the sense given to the term by Hayden White in Metahistory. White contends that Anarchist ideology emplots history in what Northrop Frye calls the mode of Romance that has the hero transcend the world of experience.” (author’s abstract) Stein, Sarah B. “The Laocoön and the Book of Job as Micrography: The Influence of Miniature Hebrew Illumination on the Work of William Blake.” European Romantic Review 24, no. 6 (December 2013): 623–44. Steiner, Peter. Deserts of Bohemia: Czech Fiction in Its Social Context. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2000. 94–150. In his chapter on Julius Fučík, Steiner shows how a formal approach to fictional texts can propose a different understanding of even those books that no longer seem capable of keeping us awake. Following Frye, Steiner sees Reportáž, psaná na oprátce as adhering to the narrative conventions of the romance genre. The most fundamental Western narrative of this type is the struggle, death, disappearance, and triumphal resurrection of Jesus Christ. But the story of Marxism, as Frye suggested, is also fundamentally a romance narrative. It is the particular achievement of Julius Fučík in Reportáž, psaná na oprátce to have joined together elements from both these narratives to create the story of his own life. –  “Edible Revolutionaries: The Rudolf Slánský Trial as a Romance.” Poetics Today 37, no. 1 (2016): 1–28. “Scrutinizes, from the generic perspective, the proceedings of the trial against the general secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, Rudolf Slánský, and his thirteen codefendants, which took place in Prague in November 1952.” Argues that it was emplotted as a romance in Frye’s sense. –  “From Structuralism to Marxism (and Back?): Jan Mukařovský 1945–1963.” Studies in East European Thought (August 2019): 1–18. “Following Tractatus Coislinianus, Aristotle’s notes, according to some, for the missing part of his Poetics, Northrop Frye, ‘divides comedy’s dianoia [thought or idea] into two parts: opinion (pistis) and proof (gnosis).’ And, he resumes, ‘the movement from pistis to gnosis . . . is, fundamentally, as the Greek word suggests, a movement from illusion to reality. Illusion is whatever is fixed or

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

definable, and reality is best understood as its negation: whatever reality is, it’s not that. Hence the importance of the theme of creating and dispelling illusion in comedy.’” –  “Revolucionáři k sežrání: Proces s Rudolfem Slánským a spol. jako romance” [Revolutionaries to Eat: The Trial of Rudolf Slánský et al. Is Like a Romance]. Česká literatura 59, no. 3 (June 2011): 349–73. In Czech. Analyses the show trial of Rudolf Slánský (General Secretary of the Czechoslovak Communist Party) and his thirteen co‑defendants in late 1952. The author begins with an observation by Karl Marx that historical irony is a product of generic catachresis: a tragic event turns comic when it reoccurs. This obviously raises the question of which genre does a show trial full of confessions belong to? The confessions of Slánský and his alleged co‑conspirators, argues the author, embody the romance genre, as it has been defined by Frye. They are records of a heroic struggle with false consciousness that the accused had previously yielded to, and culminate in the rediscovery of true class consciousness, bringing to an end their awkward alienation from the history of mankind, as stated in Marx’s master narrative. Frye on romance is appealed to throughout. Stendahl, Krister. “The Bible as a Classic and the Bible as Holy Scripture.” Journal of Biblical Literature 103 (1984): 3–10 [7–8]. Glances at Frye’s approach to the literary features of the Bible. Believes that the kind of literary interpretation of the Bible that Frye provides in The Great Code “yields significant insights and opens the senses that have been numbed by overly familiar ways of reading,” but that the literary approach ultimately fails because it is the normative element in the Bible, which must honour original intentions, that makes it a special kind of classic. Stephens, Michelle Ann. “The Comic Side of Gender Trouble and Bert Williams’ Signature Act.” Feminist Review 90 (October 2008): 128–46. “[Ishmael] Reed likened the blackface mask to Northrop Frye’s descriptions of the U-shaped comic plot and the inverted U plot of tragedy, the parabolic shape of the storylines resembling the abstract, facial gestures signified in the shapes of the mouths on the conventional masks of the theatre. Reed satirized simultaneously Bert Williams’ melancholia and the criticisms of his detractors, men like Ellison who denounced the blackface minstrel act and could not see the deeper ‘comedy’ of its racial ironies—the audience’s un-self-consciousness as the black male performer enacted before their gaze their mutual interconnectedness in a transatlantic past.”

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Stephens, Robert O. “Cable’s Grandissimes and the Comedy of Manners.” American Literature 51 (January 1980): 507–19. Frye’s “analysis of the comedy of manners is useful for noting the conventions as they apply to” Cable’s work. Stephenson, Craig. “Reading Frye Reading Jung.” In How and Why We Still Read Jung: Personal and Professional Reflections, ed. Jean Kirsch and Murray Stein. London: Routledge, 2013. 107–26. An expansive study of Jung’s influence upon Frye. –  “Reading Jung’s Equivocal Language.” Harvest: International Journal of Jungian Studies 50, no. 1 (2004): 75–99. Part 2 of this essay is entitled “Vico’s Languages as Redefined by Frye and Their Implications for Reading Jung.” Stern, Barbara B. “Consumer Myths: Frye’s Taxonomy and the Structural Analysis of Consumption Text.” Journal of Consumer Research 22 (September 1995): 165–85. Examines the influence of myths in consumption texts using Frye’s taxonomy to assign consumer narratives and selected advertisements to four categories of mythic plots: comedy, romance, tragedy, and irony. Discovers links between Frye’s plot types and consumption myths. Each mythos also incorporates values that are encoded in the plot that reappear in consumption narratives and in advertising appeals using mythic patterns and characterization. Uses the taxonomy to reanalyse Thanksgiving narratives in Wallendorf and Arnould’s “‘We Gather Together’: Consumption Rituals of Thanksgiving Day” and to analyse pre-Thanksgiving food advertising coupons. Finds that the Thanksgiving narratives and related advertising exemplars fit into conventional plot structures that serve as organizing devices for the articulation of consumption experience and the design of consumer appeals. –  “Historical and Personal Nostalgia in Advertising Text: The Fin de Siècle Effect.” Journal of Advertising 21, no. 4 (December 1992): 11. “The plots [of advertising] typically return to the world of myth, where the characters enact familiar archetypal roles. Although the characters are human rather than divine (Frye), their actions symbolically project the raw materials of the unconscious—desires, hopes and fears—that also comprise the materials of myth, dream, ritual, and folklore.” –  “Other-Speak: Classical Allegory and Contemporary Advertising.” Journal of Advertising 19, no. 3 (1990): 14–26. “Literary concepts from genre studies of classical allegory are adapted to analysis of advertising formats. Two classical forms—reification and

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typology—are discussed, and their importance for advertising summarized. Four basic allegorical elements are described to distinguish the forms, and two advertisements are analyzed to reveal the function of each in relation to product class, message appeal, copy structure, and media selection. Advertising consequences are proposed in terms of brand strategy appropriate to message type (informational or transformational), executional appeal (nostalgia and bizarre), and desired response (attention or empathy).” (author’s abstract) –  “A Revised Communication Model for Advertising: Multiple Dimensions of the Source, the Message, and the Recipient.” Journal of Advertising 23, no. 2 (June 1994): 5–15. “When we move outside the text, the first line of consumers encountered in the real world is a collective group of sponsorial decision makers. The term ‘sponsorial consumers’ reflects the generative impulse of the sponsor as advertising’s primal source as well as the gatekeeping role the sponsor plays. Since sponsors must approve and pay for an advertisement before it reaches the public, there are no actual recipients unless or until the ad is run. Note here that it is sponsors whom advertisements must first persuade, comparable to members of the literary establishment (agents, editors, publishers) who must be convinced of the worth of a fictional work if it is to become public. In this sense, sponsorial consumers are what Frye calls ‘a class of cultural middlemen’—marketplace representatives who collectively shape the cultural tradition of advertising by determining what enters it and what is excluded.” –  “Textual Analysis in Advertising Research: Construction and Deconstruction of Meanings.” Journal of Advertising 25, no. 3 (Fall 1996): 61–73. “A postmodern literary method of textual analysis is presented as a systematic approach to understanding the meaning of an advertising text. The method has three steps: identification of textual elements (the parts or literary attributes), construction of meaning (the whole, a sum of parts), and deconstruction (the unsaid assumptions that challenge singular meaning). . . . Character and plot are intertwined in that the action sequence is bound up with the personalities of the actors. The key to the exemplar’s plot type—a comedy—is its seasonality, for plots that feature a happy outcome derive from the mythological lore of springtime rebirth [according to Frye]. . . . However, ‘comedy’ is a voluminous genre, and another analytical step is needed to address the classification question, ‘What kind of comedy is it?’ Thus, step 1 identifies the attributes of language, character, and plot so that we can move to step 2 and classify the sum of parts.”

–  “Who Talks Advertising? Literary Theory and Narrative ‘Point of View.’” Journal of Advertising 20 (September 1991): 9–22. http://www.allbusiness.com/marketingadvertising/advertising/270161-1.html. Stern borrows from the theory of genres in Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism to develop an analogous classification scheme for advertisements. She divides advertisements into three broad categories parallel to three major literary genres, distinguished by what Frye calls the “radical of presentation.” Stetkevych, Suzanne P. “Solomon and Mythic Kingship: Qasida, Qur’an and Qisas al-Anbiya.” Paper presented at Educating the Imagination: A Conference in Honour of Northrop Frye on the Centenary of His Birth. University of Toronto, 4–6 October 2013. Stevens, Bonnie K., and Larry L. Stewart. A Guide to Literary Criticism and Research. 2nd ed. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1992. 99–100. In a chapter devoted to archetypal studies, the authors glance at Frye’s conception of the archetype and his theory of narrative patterns. Stevens, Peter. “The Writing of the Decade: Criticism.” Canadian Literature 41 (Summer 1969): 131–8 [133–5]. Rpt. as “Criticism” in The Sixties: Canadian Writers and Writing of the Decade, ed. George Woodcock. Victoria, BC: University of British Columbia Publications Centre, 1969. A summary of Frye’s writing in the 1960s. Thinks his best criticism of an individual author is A Natural Perspective: The Development of Shakespearean Comedy and Romance. Finds The Educated Imagination tainted by “cultural snobbery,” and says that Frye’s generalizations in The Modern Century, however provocative, show his lack of comprehension about certain elements of modern culture. Stevenson, Sarah A. “Comedy and Tragedy in Markurells I Wadköping.” Edda 3 (1974): 191–200. Uses Frye’s structural approach to interpret Hjalmar Bergman’s novel. Stevenson, Warren. Romanticism and the Androgynous Sublime. Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1996. Notes the vexed issue in literary criticism of the definition of terms. Cites Frye’s proclamation that no literary critic of any experience will take the trouble to define their terms. Stevick, Philip. “Novel and Anatomy: Notes toward an Amplification of Frye.” Criticism 10 (Spring 1968): 153– 65. A commentary on Frye’s schema for classifying the forms of prose fiction. Calls this taxonomy “the single most significant and influential even in the criticism of prose fiction in the twenty years.” Wonders why such an influential reorientation has received so little attention.

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Analyses and seeks to amplify Frye’s account of prose forms, especially the novel and the anatomy. Stewart, Jack F. “The Myth of the Fall in Women in Love.” Philological Quarterly 74 (Fall 1995): 443–63. Draws on Frye’s account of the myth of the fall in making a case for his thesis about Lawrence’s novel. Stewart, Philip. “Roman[ce]s: Romanzi vecchi e nuovi” [Roman[ce]s: Old and New Novels]. Trans. Georgio Zanetti. Intersezioni 2 (1982): 574–6. In Italian. On the influence of Frye’s distinction between the conventions of novel and romance. Stibbe, Mark. John’s Gospel. London: Routledge, 1994. Chapter 3 plots the fourth Gospel against Frye’s four archetypal mythoi. Stiegman, Emero. “Discovering the Bible.” University of Toronto Quarterly: A Canadian Journal of the Humanities 52, no. 2 (Winter 1982–3): 141–9. Stilwell, Robert L. Review of American Drama: Contemporary Allegory from Eugene O’Neill to Tennessee Williams, by Louis Broussard. Books Abroad 37, no. 3 (Summer 1963): 333. Says that Broussard “would have profited, surely, from the labors of Northrop Frye and Edwin Honig on defining allegory and its making.” Stingle, Richard. “‘All the Old Levels’: Reaney and Frye.” Essays on Canadian Writing 24–5 (Winter–Spring 1982–3): 32–62. Rpt. in Approaches to the Work of James Reaney, ed. Stan Dragland. Downsview, ON: ECW Press, 1983. 32–62. Examines the influence of Frye on James Reaney as a student at Victoria College, as a teacher, and as a writer. Contends that Reaney gained especially from Frye a “new Romantic interpretation of Christian mythology” and an understanding of the spatial and temporal structure of literary modes. Analyses these structures as they appear in A Suit of Nettles and Gyroscope.

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of religious interpretation in central texts of criticism as the French novel.” The Protestant influence on Novelists since Defoe is acknowledged. “Northrop Frye was an influential Protestant thinker about literary forms, but there is nothing in his work (Anatomy of Criticism) that adds up to an investigation of the sacred and evil in the novel.” Stoddard, William. “A Critical Approach to Fantasy with Application to Lord of the Rings.” Mythlore 37 (Winter 1984): 8–13. Argues that Frye’s theories of narrative patterns, modes, and images offer “a means of becoming more sensitive to” the literary conventions of Lord of the Rings, and they help “to define the place of contemporary fantasy in literature as a whole.” Stohler, Sara J. “The Mythic World of Childhood.” Children’s Literature Association Quarterly 12, no. 1 (Spring 1987): 28–32. Part IV of this essay is devoted to Frye’s view of myth as central to literary education. “The most essential part of education, Frye believes, is learning to think about culture and to imagine a better form of society than the one that exists.” Stojanova, Christina. “Ethics Is the New Aesthetics: Comic Ironic Modes in New Romanian Cinema.” Close Up: Film and Media Studies 1, no. 2 (2013): 23-36. “In light of Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism the article focused on the restricted ability of selected New Romanian Cinema protagonists to ‘act vis-à-vis their environment (or society),’ and concluded that their plight for social inclusion is overwhelmingly relegated to that of alazons (or impostors) and even worse to pharmakoi (or scape-goats)—types of character, separated from society and representative of what Frye calls ‘tragic ironic modes.’”

–  James Reaney and His Works. Toronto: ECW Press, 1990. Contains material on the relationship between Reaney and Frye.

–  “Stranger Than Paradise.” Ekphrasis. Images, Cinema, Theory, Media 2 (2017): 14–28. “According to Northrop Frye, both tragic and comic modes are concerned with the ability of the main character to act vis-à-vis his/her environment (or society), but while tragedy is concerned with the character’s separation from society, comedy has as its subject the character’s social integration. Over the last two millennia or so, since Sophocles’ Oedipus, Frye claims, the high mimetic mode of the Greek tragedy, associated with the much greater power of heroes to act has steadily moved to almost non-existent, gradually morphing into what he calls ironic mimetic modes of contemporary prose and drama, thus reducing the tragic hero to an alazon (or impostor) and even worse—to a pharmakos (or scapegoat).”

Stocker, Barry. Philosophy of the Novel. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2018. The English novel “has not had the sort

Stojanova, Christina, and Dana Duma. “The New Romanian Cinema: Between the Tragic and the Ironic.”

–  “Frye, Northrop.” In The Johns Hopkins Guide to Literary Theory & Criticism. ed. Michael Groden and Martin Kreiswirth. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994. 317–21. See also entries under “Anthropological Theory and Criticism,” “Archetypal Theory and Criticism,” “Arnold, Matthew,” “Canadian Theory and Criticism: I,” “Myth Theory and Criticism,” “New Criticism,” and “Rhetoric.”

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Film International 10, no. 1 (2012): 7–22. Application of Frye’s theories to interpret four new Romanian films: The Death of Mr. Lazarescu, Morgen; Loverboy, and Principles of Life. “In light of Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism [this] article focused on the restricted ability of selected NRC protagonists to ‘act vis-à-vis their environment (or society),’ and concluded that their plight for social inclusion is overwhelmingly relegated to that of alazons (or impostors) and even worse— to pharmakoi (or scapegoats)—types of character, separated from society and representative of what Frye calls ‘tragic ironic modes.’” Stone, John. “Bush Gardeners: Sentiment and Landscape in Margaret Atwood, Northrop Frye, George Grant and Dennis Lee.” II Curso Superior de Estudios Canadienses, Centre d’Estudis Canadencs, Universitat de Barcelona, 1997. Panel discussion. Stone, Katherine. “Comic Revisions? Motherhood and Women’s Comedy in Contemporary Germany.” Feminist Media Studies (May 2016): 1–15. “Women’s participation in ancient comic rituals is hardly expunged from the theoretical canon. This tradition clearly informs Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism. When Frye describes the organic, ‘archetypal’ patterns that structure conventional literary genres, he associates comedy, as mythos or generic plot, with spring, that is with renewal, rebirth, and triumph. For Frye, this archetypal association elucidates the heroine’s central role in the resolution of Shakespearean comedy which subjects her to a cycle of degradation and ultimate renewal.” Stoneburner, Tony. “Notes on Prophecy and Apocalypse in a Time of Anarchy and Revolution: A Trying-out.” Tri-Quarterly 23–4 (1972): 246–82. A critique of Frye’s idea of apocalypse in Anatomy of Criticism. Stott, Graham. “Wodehouse and Collins: Defining the Boundaries of Crime.” CASCA, časopis za društvene nauke, kulturu i umetnost 1 (2012): 1–13. “The idea of a providential rescue from crime is not necessarily funny. Despite Oscar Wilde’s dismissal of sentimental fiction, it is possible to take its tropes seriously. As Northrop Frye observed of melodrama, ‘the triumph of moral virtue over villainy . . . [idealizes] the moral views assumed to be held by the audience.’” Stowell, John D. “Some Archetypes in Stifter’s Der Nachsommer: An Attempt at Restoring Fictional Interest.” Seminar: A Journal of Germanic Studies 6 (1970): 31–47. Analyses Der Nachsommer along the lines developed by Frye in Anatomy of Criticism, which reveals close conformity with the archetypal patterning

of the romance in structure, symbolism, and character psychology. Strack, Daniel C. “Act of Resonance: Meaningless Words, Meaningful Metaphor.” Kitakyushu University Faculty of Humanities Journal 58 (August 1999): 1–25. Straube, Arvid. “The Bible in Unitarian Universalist Theology.” Unitarian Universalist Christian 44, no. 1 (1989): 22–9. Argues that Frye’s view of the phases of revelation, as presented in The Great Code, offers a legitimate schema for interpreting the Bible. Street, Douglas O. “An Educational Process for the Imagination: A Retrospective Review of Frye for the Schools.” CEA Critic 42 (January 1980): 43–8. An analysis of Literature: Uses of the Imagination, a thirteen-volume series of textbooks, for which Frye was the consulting editor, and An Anatomy of Literature, a college anthology, edited by Robert Foulke and Paul Smith, which was organized around Frye’s mythopoeic concepts of nature and literature. Outlines the principles on which the series is based, showing the relationship between the seasonal cycles and their literary counterparts (romance, tragedy, irony, comedy), as well as the volumes that focus on biblical and classical material. Believes the series is “a product of the highest quality” but questions whether average students and teachers will be able “to cope with the wealth and complexity.” Strelka, Joseph P. “Preface.” In Anagogic Qualities of Literature (Yearbook of Comparative Criticism, vol. 4), ed. Joseph P. Strelka. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1971. 1–5 [4]. On Frye’s view of anagogy. –  “Vergleichende Literaturkritik und literarische Symbolik” [Comparative Literary Criticism and Literary Symbolism]. In Vergleichende Literaturkritik. Bern: Francke Verlag, 1970. 4–34 [6–13, 21-3]. On Frye’s view of comparative literature from the point of view of polysemous meaning, his precise formulation of the theoretical problems of comparative literature, and his theory of value judgments. Stringer, Jenny. “Frye, Northrop.” In The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-Century Literature in English. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996. Strong-Wilson, Teresa. Bringing Memory Forward: Storied Remembrance in Social Justice Education with Teachers. New York: Peter Lang, 2007. Chapter 3 “discusses the influence of the literary critic Northrop Frye’s stories on the author’s intellectual identity formation and the grounding of the critic’s ideas in the Robinson Crusoe

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

tale. It highlights the literary and social imagination linking in the inquiry about constructions of ‘difference’ in the book.” –  “Phantom Traces: Exploring a Hermeneutical Approach to Autobiography in Curriculum Studies. Journal of Curriculum Studies 6 (September 2015): 1–20. Quotes Frye on autobiography: “Somebody was in my office the other day urging me to write my autobiography. What I couldn’t explain to him is everything I write I consider autobiography, although nobody else would.” Strout, Irina. “Nicholas Urfe’s Masculine Trap or the Construction of Manhood, Its Ambivalences and Limitations in John Fowles’s The Magus”. ANGLICA: An International Journal of English Studies 1 (2017): 73–86. Shows how the various definitions by Frye of myth can indicate the several ways a particular mythology lies behind Fowles’s novel. Stuewe, Paul. “Beyond Survival.” Books in Canada 12 (February 1983): 7–10. Maintains that Frye’s influential theories of Canadian literature result in thematic criticism of two varieties, sub-literary and meta-literary. The former means that literature must be discussed in non-literary conceptual terms, and the latter that it contains a number of national themes waiting to be identified. These assumptions, as they have been applied by Frye and his followers (e.g., D.G. Jones and Margaret Atwood), have produced “results that are typically arbitrary and banal.”

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thought of pictorially; even the vowels must be visually colored. . . . Such an emphasis leads to a technique of fragmentation. Poe’s attack on the long poem is not a Romantic but an anti-Romantic manifesto, as the direction of its influence indicates.’” Sugars, Cynthia. “The Anatomy of Influence: Robertson Davies’s Psychosomatic Medicine.” Mosaic: A Journal for the Interdisciplinary Study of Literature 33, no. 4 (December 2000): 72–89. Discusses the influences on Robertson Davies’s The Cunning Man, pointing out that Davies’s protagonist attests to the influence of Robert Burton’s The Anatomy of Melancholy. Argues, however, that the principal but unacknowledged intertext in the novel is Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism. Provides an account of the textual and theoretical links among the three works. Suggests that Frye’s science of art is the missing link between Burton’s work of science and Davies’s work of art. Contends that Frye functions in Davies’s narrative both as an external source and as an internal, intangible presence.

Subin, Anna. “God, the Editor: Can the Qur’an Be Read as Literature?” Harper’s Magazine, 337 (2018): 89–94. “In the 1980s and 1990s, a constellation of critics were reading the Bible as literature—Northrop Frye, Harold Bloom, Frank Kermode, and Robert Alter among them—at an intellectual moment when both God and the author were considered dead.”

–  Canadian Gothic: Literature, History, and the Spectre of Self-Invention. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 2014. Remarks on “Frye’s acuity in perceiving an originary Gothic sensibility in early writings about Canada. . . . This tradition of a covert Gothic presence embodied in the landscape contributed to the sense that Europeans were ‘lost’ inside the New World—hence Frye’s suggestion that the archetypal question for Canadians is not ‘Who am I?” but ‘Where is here?’” “One of Northrop Frye’s more famous pronouncements about Canada was to delineate the ‘originary’ Canadian drama as a terrifying psychic allegory that describes the landscape as an engulfing Leviathan. As Frye expressed it, ‘The traveller from Europe edges into it like a tiny Jonah entering an inconceivably large whale, slipping past the Straits of Belle Isle into the Gulf of St. Lawrence . . . [T]o enter Canada is a matter of being silently swallowed by an alien continent.’ This is Frye’s description, appearing in his ‘Conclusion’ to the 1965 Literary History of Canada.’”

Sucur, Slobodan. “Theory, Period Styles, and Comparative Literature as Discipline.” Comparative Literature and Culture Web 2, no. 4 (2000). “Northrop Frye, in his article, ‘The Drunken Boat: The Revolutionary Element in Romanticism,’ speaks of how in ‘Romanticism proper a prominent place in sense experience is given to the ear, an excellent receiver of oracles but poor in locating things accurately in space. . . . In later poetry, beginning with symbolisme in France . . . more emphasis is thrown on vision. In Rimbaud . . . the illuminations are

–  “Introduction.” In Oxford Handbook of Canadian Literature. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2015. “Northrop Frye’s pronouncements about mating loons, plucked alouettes, and garrisoned settlers in his meditations on the foundations of early Canadian literature appear as rhetorical flourish. Nevertheless, his often self-deprecating statements, particularly those that appeared in his ‘Conclusion’ to the Literary History of Canada in 1965, had a lasting effect on discussions of Canadian literature for generations. In his famous

–  “Northrop Frye and the Perils of Literary Transposition.” Clearing the Ground: EnglishCanadian Literature after “Survival.” Toronto: Proper Tales Press, 1984. A slightly expanded version of the preceding entry.

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‘Conclusion,’ Frye outlined his well-known ‘garrison mentality’ account of early Canadian literature.”

rhetorical understanding of genres where distinctions between prose and poetry can never be settled.

–  and Frank Davey. “Constructing ‘Canadian Literature’: A Retrospective.” In Oxford Handbook of Canadian Literature. Toronto: Oxford University Press. 2016. “Once troubled mainly by Northrop Frye’s question of how its texts could be both Canadian and literary, the field now grapples with questions of how it can itself be at once transnational, multicultural, decolonizing, institutionally self-aware, global, still literary, and still Canadian.” (authors’ abstract)

–  “Northrop Frye, Verso e Prosa.” Enthymema 5 (2011): 17–30. Frye’s “Verse and Prose” entry for the Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics (1974) takes up the reflections of the “Manual of Style” in The WellTempered Critic (1963) and can be read as an appendix to the Fourth Essay of Anatomy of Criticism (1957).

Sugg, Richard P. Jungian Literary Criticism. Evansville, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1992. On Frye passim. “Although Jung’s work has influenced writers and scholars such as Robertson Davies, Northrop Frye, Joseph Campbell, and Robert Bly, and although the Jungian approach addresses questions of gender and culture that are at the center of current critical debate, Jungian criticism is often neglected in surveys of current trends in scholarship.” Sugnet, Charles J. “The Role of Christ in Blake’s The Four Zoas.” Essays in Literature 3, no. 2 (Fall 1976): 167–80. Contends that the significance of Christ’s role in the poem has not been sufficiently taken into account by many interpreters of Blake, including Frye and Harold Bloom. Suh, Myung Soo. “An Investigation of Frye’s Archetypological Interpretation of the Bible.” Literature and Religion 18, no. 2 (August 2013): 91–111. “One of the distinguished literary critics in the 20th century Northrop Frye is fully qualified to be remembered and positively reevaluated in the study of literature and religion. However, his literary world has not been adequately studied by Korean scholars and literary critics. For this reason the purpose of this paper is to introduce his literary world and examine it with the perspective of literary-biblical scholarship.” Suk Koo Rhee. “A Study of the Politics of Romance in Heart of Darkness.” Modern English and American Novels 19, no. 2 (2012): 105. Conrad creates a psychological and allegorical dimension to his narrative in order more effectively to cancel the political implications of Marlow`s initial critique of Western imperialism. Towards this end, Conrad deploys the narrative paradigm of romance as set forth by Frye. Sullam, Sara. “Figures of Contradiction: Virginia Wool’s Rhetoric of Genres.” In Contradictory Woolf, ed. Derek Ryan and Stella Bolaki. Clemson, SC: Clemson University Press in association with Liverpool University Press, 2012. Drawing on Frye’s notion of “generic criticism,” suggests that Woolf reaches a

Sullivan, James. “Northrop Frye.” In Critical Survey of Literary Theory, ed. Frank. N. Magill. Pasadena: Salem Press, 1987. 508–13. A brief survey of Frye’s influence and an overview of the Anatomy. Sullivan, Rosemary. “Northrop Frye: Canadian Mythographer.” Journal of Commonwealth Literature 18, no. 1 (1983): 1–13. Seeks to determine what Canadian writers have learned from Frye. Gives a résumé of his theories and locates his “interpretive commitment” in the poetry of Blake: it is rooted in a romantic and idealistic account of human experience and is a modern version of the “myth of nostalgia for a lost unity.” Examines the influence of Frye’s understanding of popular culture and his theory of narrative as it appears in the works of Margaret Atwood and Jay Macpherson. Looks also at Frye’s views on Canadian literature and the way they have influenced Atwood. Finds that Atwood’s ironically displaced use of myth in Surfacing leaves the reader “with a feeling that the potential of the novel is unrealized,” that Macpherson’s poems, which adhere to Frye’s theories, remain in a distant and self-contained poetic world, and that Frye’s ideas about Canadian literature are “profoundly unsatisfying” because they are based on metaphor rather than upon historical and cultural analysis. –  “Paralelos y convergencias: Un diálogo a través del continente” [Parallels and Convergences: A Dialogue across the Continent]. Revista Mexicana de Estudios Canadienses 2002 (special issue). In Spanish. Discusses parallels between twentieth-century Mexican and Canadian art and literature, including the focus on national identity by Octavio Paz and Frye. Sun, Chenggui. “A Projection and Subversion of Greek Myths and Biblical Scenes in Desire Under the Elms.” Journal of Hefei University (Social Sciences Edition) 22, no. 1 (2005). In Chinese. Uses Frye’s theory of archetypes to interpret O’Neill’s use of classical and biblical themes. Sun, Hong. “The Archetypal Significance of Lin Daiyu and Xue Baocai.” Journal on “The Dream of the Red Mansion” 3 (1997). In Chinese.

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Sun, Xiaoguang. “Fables of Identity: On Frye’s Archetypal Model.” Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University 4 (2006). In Chinese. Suo, Juanjuan. “Study of Archetypal Narrative Pattern in The Forsyte Saga.” Procedia Engineering 15 (2011): 80–4 “[D]eals with the archetypal narrative pattern and illustrates the development of U-shaped plot in The Forsyte Saga and inverted U-shaped plot in the Iliad, which is supported by the displacement ideas of Northrop Frye. By analyzing the archetypal narrative pattern of The Forsyte Saga and comparing the structures of the two works, the inner connection between the ancient Greek tragedy and the modern novel is dug out, and the primeval, collective unconscious shared in the psychic inheritance of all members of the human family are illustrated. The Forsyte Saga is inevitably a mirror that reflects the culture of the ancient Greek society.” (author’s abstract) Surdulescu, Radu. “The Iraq War: From Political Argument to Fictional Discourse.” University of Bucharest Review: Literary and Cultural Studies Series 2 (2011): 79–89. “This is an outstanding fiction, like so many others authored by Don DeLillo. A romance rather than a novel (in Northrop Frye’s terms), with blurred, stylized characters, abstract dialogue, enigmatic interconnections and poignant archetypes such as the desert space, Point Omega just takes a brush with recent history, to reach wider ontological dimensions.” Surette, Leon. “Here Is Us: The Topocentrism of Canadian Literary Criticism.” Canadian Poetry 10 (Spring–Summer 1982): 44–57. For Frye Canadian literature is characterized by a “disharmony between its inherited European culture and its North American environment.” Places this kind of topocentric criticism in opposition to that of other Canadian critics (e.g., D.G. Jones and R.T. Harrison) who do not assume a mystical discontinuity between the Canadian imagination and its European roots. Suscavage, Charlene E. Calderón: The Imagery of Tragedy. Bern: Peter Lang, 1991. Chapter 1 explores the division of all literature into four narrative pre-generic elements, which correspond to the four focal points in the monomyth as outlined by Frye. The spatial and temporal aspects of Frye’s tragic mythos provide the framework for the author’s interpretation of Calderón. Sutherland, John. “Critics on the Defensive.” Northern Review 2 (October–November 1947): 18–23 [20–1]. A critique of Frye’s views on Canadian poetry. Questions whether the qualities of Canadian poetry he isolated “are the peculiar possession of Canadians.” This is apparently

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a reference to Frye’s “Canada and Its Poetry,” a review of A.J.M. Smith’s The Book of Canadian Poetry. –  “Old Dog Trait—an Extended Analysis.” Contemporary Verse 29 (Fall 19549): 17–23. Summarizes and critiques the argument of Frye’s “Canada and Its Poetry.” Thinks that the virtue of the essay is “that it supplies us with the first precise definition of the native tradition [in Canadian poetry] in a rounded sense,” but that Frye’s theory does not apply to younger Canadian poets in the same way that it applies to Pratt. Objects, too, that Frye does not say what the limitations of the native tradition are and that he devotes little attention to the issue of poetic technique. Believes that the vigour and vitality of Canadian poetry is just as important a native quality as the one Frye isolates, its “evocation of stark terror.” Sutrisno, Mudji, and Hendar Putranto. “Northrop Frye.” In Teori-Teori Kebudayaan [Theories of Culture]. Kanisius, 2005. 197–9. In Indonesian. Sutton, Jane. “The Death of Rhetoric and Its Rebirth in Philosophy.” Rhetorica 4, no. 3 (1986): 203–26. Examines the relationship between rhetoric and philosophy in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries through the methods of Frye, Kenneth Burke, and Hayden White. Sutton, Walter. Modern American Criticism. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1963. 249–59. Reviews the central claims of each of the four essays in Anatomy of Criticism, as well as the introduction and conclusion. Notes Frye’s affinities with Arnold, and comments on his concern to create a new language for criticism. Anatomy of Criticism “presents a coherent discussion remarkable for its treatment of the literary work as verbal complex with many meanings.” Suvin, Darko. Metamorphoses of Science Fiction: On the Poetics and History of a Literary Genre. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1979. 31–5. Considers the usefulness of Frye’s theory of myth as a basis for sciencefiction criticism. Finds that Frye “has rendered a single service to poetics by his formal hypothesis,” but that his historical premises are unpersuasive and his several definitions of myth are semantically slippery. Suzuki, Mihoko. Subordinate Subjects: Gender, the Political Nation, and Literary Form in England, 1588–1688. London: Routledge, 2016. “[Fredric] Jameson’s [generic] model is useful as a counterpoint to the transhistorical theories of genre exemplified by Northrop Frye’s archetypal criticism, for Jameson understands genres as ‘literary institutions, or social contracts between a writer and a specified public.’”

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Suzuki, Zenzo. “Doi Kochi to Nosuroppu Furai” [From Doi Kochi to Northrop Frye]. Eigo Seinen/Rising Generation 144, no. 10 (January 1999): 586–88. In Japanese. A comparison of the genre theories of Doi Kōchi and Frye and their ideas on the teaching of literature. Svatoň, Vladimír. “Tři variace faustovského mýtu v literatuře 20. Století” [Three Variations of the Faust Myth in 20th-Century Literature]. World Literature Studies 3 (2010): 17–26. In Czech. Notes Frye’s use of apocalyptic and demonic imagery. Švoger, Vlasta. “On the Role of Informal Education in 19th-Century Croatia.” Review of Croatian History 1 (2017): 79–102. Points to the attention Frye gives to autobiography or confession as a form of prose fiction, comparing that view to James M. Cox’s. Sweeney, John Gordon, III. Jonson and the Psychology of Public Theater. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1985. 160–75. Discusses the relationship between A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Bartholomew Fair in light of Frye’s distinction between Shakespearean and Jonsonian comedy. Discovers that Jonson’s play is more similar to Shakespeare’s than Frye would have us believe. Sweeney, Jon M. “Responsible Writers.” America 212, no. 20 (22–29 June 2015): 31–3. “Richard Ford in the introduction to his collected Bascombe novels (Everyman’s Library, 2009). . . . admires Thoreau, who believed ‘a writer is a man who, having nothing to do, finds something to do,’ and Northrop Frye, who wrote: ‘Literature is a disinterested use of words. You need to have nothing riding on the outcome.’ Even in the quiet of my study, if I believed such romanticism, I would never say so out loud. I want writers to matter.” Swinden, Patrick. An Introduction to Shakespeare’s Comedies. London: Macmillan, 1973. 162–4. An account of Frye’s symbolic and generic reading of The Winter’s Tale. Believes there are dangers in Frye’s approach: by making everything fit the pattern, he overlooks significant details. Sydie, R.A. “The State of the Art: Sociology of Art in the Canadian Context.” Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue Canadienne de Sociologie 18, no. 1 (1981): 14–29. “The position taken by Innis may be contrasted with that of Frye for whom the detachment of the literary universe that generates imaginative forms through which social reality may be transcended, had its counterpart in the assumption that form is an abstract universal. Frye’s universal mythological structures are seen to transcend the issues of national content and international style. ‘When a poet is confronted by a new life or

environment, the new life may suggest a new content, but obviously cannot provide him with a new form. The forms of poetry can be derived only from other poems, the forms of novels from other novels.’ The mythopoeic qualities of literature are universal qualities and the critical emphasis upon a ‘Canadian theme’ in Frye’s view has nothing to do with the significant principles of literature.” Sys, Jacques. “Le kerygme entre literature et philosophie” [Kerygma between Literature and Philosophy]: Northrop Frye, Paul Ricoeur, Hans Urs von Balthasar.” Chapter 2 of Les imaginaires christologiques. Villeneuve d’Ascq, France: Presses Universitaires du Septentrion, 1999. 45–77. (“Northrop Frye et le Grand Code,” 46– 52). In French. Szabo, Lucian-Vasile. “Utopia and Uchronia: From Thomas More to H.G. Wells.” Transylvanian Review 4 (2018): 126–36. “Utopias are constructs of the imagination presented in the form of a narrative. They are, in other words, tales. Considering this framework, one needs to investigate the two segments that allow them to function: 1) the coherence of a discourse presenting an ideal world; 2) the coherence of the perfect society being presented. It is necessary to identify a working definition of utopia, thus highlighting some constitutive elements. Sorin Antohi analyzed the characteristics of the genre in order to establish its general traits. According to him—and following Northrop Frye’s suggestions—one is in the presence of a classic utopic universe when the narrator is being guided through the ideal land by a local. The presentation becomes a dialogue and the visitor receives answers to his questions. Thus a standard social pattern is revealed, as it is a key requirement for the ideal city to function.” Szatanik, Zuzanna. “‘Emotional Importance of Walls.’ An Agoraphobic Look on Canadian Wilderness in Steff Penney’s The Tenderness of Wolves.” TransCanadiana 6 (2013): 275–87. Uses Frye’s notion of the “garrison mentality” as a point of departure to analyse Canadian space through the prism of agoraphobia. –  “Ciało Kobiety/Przestrzeń Kanady. Rozważania nad metaforą ‘ciała bezdomnego”\’ w wybranych wierszach Lorny Crozier, Jeni Couzyn i Joy Kogawy” [Woman’s Body/Space of Canada: Reflections on the Metaphor of ‘Homeless Body’ in Selected Poems by Lorna Crozier, Jeni Couzyn, and Joy Kogawa”]. ER(R)GO: TeoriaLiteratura-Kultura 17 (2008): 51–67. In Polish. The concept of “at home” is examined by a number of Canadian theorists, including Frye, Margaret Atwood, and Linda Hutcheon.

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

–  “On the Threshold: Haunting Transgressions in Gaétan Soucy’s The Little Girl Who Was Too Fond of Matches. “Contrary to what these sober citations [from Margaret Atwood, Earle Birney, Susanna Moodie, Catharine Parr Traill] suggest, all of the four writers mentioned above repeatedly referred to Canadian nature as mystifying and threatening. To the 19th-century settler women, wilderness loomed both breathtaking and hostile. In Margaret Atwood’s poetic retelling of Susanna Moodie’s journals, as well as in Birney’s poem entitled “Bushed,” nature confounds, petrifies, and drives one insane. This is why, as Northrop Frye famously proclaimed, Canadians develop a garrison mentality to protect themselves from the adversities of nature.” –  “Whether Animals: Pondering Animality in Lorna Crozier’s Poetry.” Zoophilologica Polish Journal of Animal Studies 1 (2015): 251–61. “Theories of Canadianness, or Canadian national identity, have been constructed on the fundamental assumption that Canadian wilderness has a powerful impact upon the psyche of its inhabitants, who are always at risk of going ‘bushed,’ and therefore have to defend themselves against the snowy, hostile vastness. Separating themselves from the threatening realm of nature, Canadians develop the ‘garrison mentality,’ which is a concept coined by Northrop Frye in 1965, and live by the principle of law.” Szávai, Dorottya. “Egy műfaji kánon történetéről: Az elégiáról kortárs magyar összefüggésben” [On the History of a Genre: About the Elegy in Contemporary Hungarian]. Hungarológiai Közlemények 4 (2019): 1–20. In Hungarian. Anatomy of Criticism shines a great light on questions of genre, canon, and the comprehension of interpretative spaces. Szávai, Dorottya, and Frédérique Toudoire-Surlapierre, eds. Genres et identité dans la tradition littéraire européenne [Genres and Identity in the European Literary Tradition]. Paris: Orizons, 2017. In French. Devotes a chapter to “La métaphore et l’identité générique (L’actualité de Northrop Frye).” Szeberényi, Gábor and Tamás Kisantal. “Hayden White ‘hasznáról és káráról’ (Narratológiai kihívás a történetírásban). [On Hayden White’s “Advantages and Disadvantages” (Narratological Challenges in Historiography)]. AETAS—Történettudományi folyóirat 1 (2001): 112–28. In Hungarian. Looks at the way White derives his theory of emplotments from Frye’s four mythoi, developed in the Third Essay of Anatomy of Criticism. Szeman, Imre. “Belated or Isochronic? Canadian Writing, Time, and Globalization.” Essays on Canadian Writing

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71 (Fall 2000): 145–53. “For all of the welcome success of contemporary Canadian writing, something should trouble us about Frye’s embrace of the instantaneous present and the international style [as set forth on his ‘Conclusion’ to the Literary History of Canada] as a joint solution to the problem of Canadian culture.” –  “Frye’s Modern Century.” In Zones of Instability: Literature, Postcolonialism, and the Nation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004. 175–83. On the influential role played by Frye’s “Conclusion” to the Literary History (1965), and on the similarity of his antinationalist vision to that of George Grant. Szilágyi, Ákos. “A gyűlölet biztonsága” [The Comfort of Hate]. Korunk 6 (2017): 39–47. In Hungarian. Notes Frye’s two archetypal poles, the apocalyptic and the demonic, along with their contraries or parody forms. Szilasi, László. “‘Oda alant lakik, aki azt mozgatja’: Jókai Mór Szegény gazdagok című regényének románcos olvasata” [“He lives underneath him who moves it”: A Reading of Mór Jókai’s Novel Poor Rich as a Romance]. Alföld 9 (1994): 44–57. Rpt. in Szilasi’s A csomó és a kard: A selyemgubó és a bonczoló kés [The Knot and the Sword: The Silk Cocoon and the “Dissecting Knife”]. Budapest: Osiris–Pompeji, 2000. In Hungarian. Following Frye’s distinction between romance and novel, argues that some of Mór Jókai’s work is more fruitfully read from the perspective of the romance tradition. Szili, Jósef. “A Few Words on the Hungarian Translation of the Anatomy of Criticism.” In Canada in Eight Tongues: Translating Canada in Central Europe, ed. Katalin Kürtösi. Brno: Masaryk University, 2012. “József Szili describes his process of translating Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism. The challenges, as Szili reveals, were grounded in the attempts of translating many of Frye’s terminologies into the Hungarian vocabulary of criticism. For example, the taken for granted term, romance novel, in fact demands several versions of translation in an effort to convey the same meaning in Hungarian. Frye’s theories of history similarly beget difficulties for introducing new concepts in Hungarian.” Szolláth, Dávid. “Inventory of Magic: Textual Constructions of the Unnatural in Hungarian Postmodern Fiction.” Neohelicon 45, no. 2 (December 2018): 461–77. “Regarding the narration and story worlds of the ‘pseudo-historical’ novels of László Darvasi and Zsolt Láng, one can notice that the generic features of romance are predominant. Following the definition of Northrop Frye, we can see that the characters are static in these novels. Most of them are defined by their relation to the protagonists (helper

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or opponent), and the stories are subordinated to the central narrative of a quest. Stories are also sequential and the number of adventures, like the number of the entries of a bestiary, can be augmented potentially however long.” Szwat-Gyłybowa, Grażyna. “O sumieniu granic” [On the Conscience of Borders]. Acta Baltico Slavica 42 (2018): 216–32. In Polish. On the exodus myth in the Pentateuch. “As Northrop noted, accepting the optics of positivist secular anthropology here, some features of the Mosaic religion had to arise in response to the Egyptian religion, and for the biblical one the story of Exodus hides a cultural trauma.” T T., E.S. Review of Hateful Contraries: Studies in Literature and Criticism by W.K. Wimsatt and M.C. Beardsley. Review of Metaphysics 20, no. 3 (March 1967): 554. “The introductory revised essay, ‘Horses of Wrath: Recent Critical Lessons,’ followed by nine reprinted essays, pits the Christian Rationalist, Wimsatt, an aroused Horse of Instruction, against the Tigers of Wrath, Blakean Myth critics led by Northrop Frye.” Taborisskaya, E.M. “Anatomy of Literary Criticism: Nature, Structure, Poetics.” Russkaia Literatura 1 (2004): 235–9. Ţacu, Andreea Daniela. “Dark Humor and Social Satire in Jonathan Coe’s What a Carve Up!” British and American Studies 25 (2019): 107–113. “As Northrop Frye argues in Anatomy of Criticism, ‘two things are essential to satire; one is wit or humour founded on fantasy or a sense of the grotesque, the other is an object of attack.’” Taghizadeh, Ali. “Penetrating into the Dark: An Archetypal Approach to Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness.” Theory and Practice in Language Studies 5, no. 6, (June 2015): 1206–10. “Northrop Frye’s view about literature and archetypes introduces perhaps a more concrete dimension of them which provides man with a kind of life that is both imaginary and practical: ‘The archetypal view of literature shows us literature as a total form and literary experience as a part of the continuum of life, in which the poet’s function is to visualize the goals of human work.’ Literature is not only the total form of our being in the imaginary, it is also the possibility of the continuation of our existence in the practical life.” Tagliacozzo, Giorgio. “Toward a History of Recent AngloAmerican Vico Scholarship, Part II: 1969–1973.” New Vico Studies 2 (1984): 1–40 [1, 17–19, 38–9]. An account of Frye’s indebtedness to Vico. Argues that Hayden

White’s Metahistory owes its “fundamental theoretical breakthrough to Vico” rather than to Frye. Taifi, Shirzad. “The Typology of Two Plays: ‘Four Boxes’ and ‘In the Presence of Wind’ on the Basis of Northrop Frye’s Theory of Archetypes” [‫یاه‌همان‌شیامن یسانش‌هنوگ‬ ‫سوتیم ۀّیرظن ساسارب داب روضح رد و قودنص راهچ‬ ‫]یارف‬. Journal of Persian Literature 8, no. 2 (Fall 2018–Winter 2019): 39–58. “Two outstanding works of Bahram Beyzyai named Four Boxes and In the Presence of Wind can be evaluated and criticized typologically on the basis of Frye’s theory. . . . The results show that Four Boxes and In the Presence of Wind should be classified as the first type of comedy. Taizo, Tanimoto. “The Meaning of Evil in Melville: Tragic Ambiguity.” Studies in English Literature 44, no. 2 (1968): 149–62. Notes Frye’s view of the Leviathan as an archetypal image. In Japanese. Takahashi, Tetsunori. “The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald: A Literal Phase Perspective.” Bulletin of Hachinohe Institute of Technology 24 (February 2005): 213–24. Uses Frye’s idea of the literal phase of symbolism to interpret Fitzgerald’s novel. In Japanese. –  “Irony—Theory—Certainty: Northrop Frye’s Theory of Irony.” Graduate School of the Eighth National University of Technology. Osaka University of Technology Book Editor 20 (2001–2): 167–77. –  “The Sequential Aspect of The Great Gatsby.” Bulletin of Hachinohe Institute of Technology/Hachinohe Institute of Technology Library Committee 24, no. 2 (2005): 213–24. In Japanese. “F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, in general, has been considered as the combination of the novel of manners with the romance. It is true when we read it from a traditional viewpoint, noting its realistic descriptions of American society and culture in 1920s and romantic binary oppositions of present–past, reality–dream, and so on. However, there is always an aspect that connot be captured clearly by traditional readings, which is, in the case of The Great Gatsby, formalistic, or symbolistic and modernistic. In this essay, we examine the aspect, the Literal Phase, to use the term of Northrop Frye, and show another path to the core of the work.” (author’s abstract) Takáts, József. “A kultuszkutatás és az új elméletek” [The Cult Research and the New Theories]. Holmi 12 (2002): 1534–44. In Hungarian. Regarding the pan-cultic tendencies in Hungarian criticism after 1989. Takayanagi, Shunichi. “A Chart of Modern Literary Criticism.” Sophia 30 (1981): 313–22. Glances at Frye’s

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

theological background and his place in the contemporary developments of literary criticism. In Japanese. –  “Poetry and Myth.” Sophia 26 (Autumn 1977: 3–22 [13–19]. Rpt. in Takayanagi’s Seishinshi no naka no Eibungku [English Literature in the Context of Intellectual History]. Tokyo: Nansosha, 1977. 197–216. In Japanese. Examines three of Frye’s books—Anatomy of Criticism, Spiritus Mundi, and The Secular Scripture—in the context of postwar literary criticism, concentrating on the problem of critical theory, criticism as an independent discipline, and the Arnoldian idea of literature replacing the Bible in Western culture. –  “Preface” and “Commentary.” In Shinwa to Metafa, Essei 1974–1989 [Myth and Metaphor: Essays 1974–1989]. Universitas Series 784. Trans. Shunichi Takayanagi. Tokyo: Hosei Daigaku Shuppan-kyoku, 2004. xi–xviii (Preface), 485–505 (Commentary). In Japanese. –  “Northrop Frye and Endō Shūsaku: Myth, Creative Imagination, and Salvation.” In The Legacy of Northrop Frye in the East and West: Proceedings of the Third Annual International Conference of Canadian Studies. [Seoul]: Canadian Studies Centre, Sookmyung Women’s University, 1992. 17–28; rpt. in Canadian Literature: Introductory and Critical Essays, ed. Sang Ran Lee et al. Seoul: Centre for Canadian Studies, Institute of East and West Studies, Yonsei University, 1994: 79–94. About Frye’s influence on the fiction and criticism of Endō Shūsaku. –  “Northrop Frye’s Literary Theory in a Canadian Context” [Kanadateki bunmyaku ni okeru Nosuroppu Furai no bungaku riron]. Journal of American and Canadian Studies 13 (1995): 123–47. On the coincidence of Frye’s emergence as a literary theorist and his developing consciousness of Canadian literature and culture. –  “Northrop Frye’s Response to T.S. Eliot.” English Literature and English Language Studies (1992): 51–66. In Japanese. Tally, Robert T., Jr. “Power to the Educated Imagination! Northrop Frye and the Utopian Impulse.” In Educating the Imagination: Northrop Frye Past, Present, and Future, ed. Alan Bewell, Neil Ten Kortenaar, and Germaine Warkentin. Montreal and Kingston: McGillQueen’s University Press, 2015. 83–95. “Draws out the strong parallels between Frye and Herbert Marcuse in their understanding of the role that literature can play in the revolutionary action of imagining an alternative to the present. In a world in which forms of revolt are quickly absorbed and transformed into modes of

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consumption Frye’s The Educated Imagination provides an important argument for literary study as a way of strengthening our power to imagine better worlds.” (editors’ abstract) Tambling, Jeremy. “The Winter’s Tale: Three Recognitions.” Essays in Criticism 65, no. 1 (2015): 30– 52. The essay’s title recalls Northrop Frye, ‘Recognition in The Winter’s Tale,’ in Shakespeare’s Later Comedies: An Anthology of Modern Criticism, ed. D.J. Palmer. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin, 1971. 332–45. Tamen, Miguel. Review of On Literary Worlds, by Eric Hayot. Modern Philology 112, no. 1 (August 2014): E1– E4. Hayot’s account of the various literary “modes”— Realism, Romanticism, Modernism—could have benefited “from the past predicaments of I would not even say Claude Lévi-Strauss but the stolid Northrop Frye.” Tanaka, Kazuya. “Peyrol’s Last Departure ‘Digressions’ and the ‘Vertical’ Structure in Joseph Conrad’s The Rover.” Kansai English Studies 4 (2012): 321–9. Conrad’s so-called digressions in his penultimate novel “exemplify Northrop Frye’s concept of ‘vertical’ narrative structure: the narrative based on ‘coincidences’ rather than a ‘horizontal’ one based on causality.” Tang, Chenxi. “The Poetics of International Legal Order.” In Imagining World Order: Literature and International Law in Early Modern Europe, 1500–1800. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2018. 60–106. “According to Northrop Frye, there are two basic fictional modes: ‘fictions in which the hero becomes isolated from his society, and fictions in which he is incorporated into it.’ He calls them ‘tragic’ and ‘comic’ respectively. Poetic literature in early modern Europe employed both fictional modes in dealing with issues of international order. The poetic plots in the tragic mode track the descent of princely persons into discord and destruction, whereas those in the comic mode track the movement of princely persons towards concord. The former take the form of tragedy, and the latter take the form of political romance—two of the principal poetic genres from the late sixteenth to the early eighteenth century. They will be the topics of analysis in the following two chapters.” Tang, Xiao-jing, and Zhou, Hong-bing. “Northrop Frye’s View of Tragedy.” Journal of Anhui Radio & TV University, December 2016. http://oversea.cnki.net/ kcms/detail/detail.aspx?recid=&FileName= AGDX201604023&DbName=CJFD2016&DbCode= CJFD. Tragedy is a Western literary category. Frye’s view of tragedy is generic and structural: it brackets out historical and political concerns.

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Tannenbaum, Leslie. Biblical Tradition in Blake’s Early Prophecies: The Great Code of Art. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2017. Frye suggests several directions one might take in pursuing the question of Blake’s use of the Bible in his early prophecies. Tanti, Melissa, et al., eds. Beyond “Understanding Canada”: Transnational Perspectives on Canadian Literature. Edmonton, AB: University of Alberta Press, 2017. Frye’s ideas are referred to more than a dozen times throughout. Tapodi, Zsuzsa. “A történelmi regény változatairól [Variations on the Historical Novel]. Korunk 2 (2019): 108–12. In Hungarian. Draws on Frye’s theory of genres. Tate, Andrew. “What Man Is Like Job? Reading The Tree of Life via Northrop Frye.” Paper presented at Educating the Imagination: A Conference in Honour of Northrop Frye on the Centenary of His Birth. University of Toronto, 4–6 October 2013. Tatscher, Florian. Review of The Americanization of Human Rights: Iranian, African, and Chinese Lives in American Autobiography, by Sunčica Klaas. Kritikon Litterarum 46, nos. 3–4 (October 2019): 314–19. Tat-siong, Benny Liew. “Introduction: Whose Bible? Which (Asian) America?” Semeia 90/91 (2002): 1–26. Notes Frye’s suggestion that “that one could not understand literature of the Western world without knowledge of the Bible, what he called the ‘Great Code.’” Taube, Michael. “No Dress Rehearsal.” Weekly Standard 23, no. 45 (6 August 2018): 46–7. Frye described one of Tom Thomson’s paintings as “an emblem of Canada. . . .” Tavilla, Igor. “Tipologia e ripresa in Northrop Frye” [Typology and Recovery in Northrop Frye]. Senso tipico e profezia in SØren Kierkegaard: Verso una definizione del fondamento biblico della categoria di Gjentagelse. Milan: Mimesis, 2012. Taylor, Carole Anne. The Tragedy and Comedy of Resistance: Reading Modernity through Black Women’s Fiction. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. Argues in the prologue that theories of tragedy and comedy “always imply judgments about how social relations work or should work in the world,” that such theories are always constructed in the service of an ideological position. Sketches the outlines of three such theoretical camps and their insufficiencies for a reading of literary and social “resistance.” In one camp are the “conservative” theories of George Steiner and Frye, which tend to reaffirm the social order or mourn its ostensible loss.

Taylor, D.J. Review: The Critic in the Modern World by James Ley. “An Entertaining Study Asks: What’s the Point of Criticism? Wall Street Journal (Online) (6 June 2014). –  Review. “Books: Ink-Stained Kvetches.” Wall Street Journal (7 June 2014): C8. Taylor, Gary. Cultural Selection. New York: Basic Books, 1996. Indicates that Frye was an early influence. –  Reinventing Shakespeare: A Cultural History, from the Restoration to the Present. New York: Weidenfeld & Nicholson, 1989. 332–3. Sees Northrop Frye on Shakespeare as defining Shakespeare “as the function of a contrast and contest between two sites”—the city and the country. Taylor, Ian Lance. Airs [blog] “High Mimetic.” https:// www.airs.com/blog/archives/329. “Roger Zelazny, in discussing why he liked to write science fiction, referred to Northrop Frye’s theory of modes. . . . Zelazny said that he liked science fiction because it let him write literature in the mythic or high mimetic mode.” Taylor, Luke. “Milton and the Romance of History.” Milton Studies 56 (2015): 301–29. “Northrop Frye reminds us of the pivotal moment when an epic artist chooses his or her subject. The right choice enables the poet to write the essential great poem of the age, a successor to Homer’s Iliad or Virgil’s Aeneid. The wrong choice ends in a cautionary tale, like Gian Giorgio Trissino’s L’Italia liberata dei goti (Italy liberated from the Goths). In order to sing ‘Of man’s first disobedience,’ its historical fruit, and the second Adam who would restore us, Milton had first to resist the siren calls of mistaken choices. And that meant resisting the choice of a subject that was anything less than everything, anything less than the encyclopedic epic of the Bible.” Teague, Anthony. “Northrop Frye and Shakespeare.” In The Legacy of Northrop Frye in the East and West: Proceedings of the Third Annual International Conference of Canadian Studies. [Seoul]: Canadian Studies Center, Sookmyung Women’s University, 1992. 29–41; rpt. in Canadian Literature: Introductory and Critical Essays, ed. Sang Ran Lee et al. Seoul: Centre for Canadian Studies, Institute of East and West Studies, Yonsei University, 1994. 95–110. Following Lentricchia’s critique of Frye, Teague worries that Frye’s view of Shakespeare is too often determined by his fear of human limitation (thus Frye’s emphasis on comedy), that Frye puts too much emphasis on the end of Shakespeare’s plays, and that his views of Shakespeare are unstable. The most valuable things Frye has to say about Shakespeare, for Teague, come in his

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undergraduate lectures, published as Northrop Frye on Shakespeare (1986). Teeuwissen, W. John. “The Anatomy of Criticism as a Parody of Science.” Southern Humanities Review 14 (Winter 1980): 31–42. Looks at four ways Anatomy of Criticism might be considered “scientific”: as science itself, as a formal imitation of science, as a parody of science, and as a total vision of culture that subsumes both science and criticism. Sees Anatomy of Criticism with its emphasis on process rather than pure form, to be a kind of ironic form of science. Despite the similarities of its methods to those of physics and biology, it remains a parody of science; but in a romantic age it is perhaps the closest we can come to a poetics of experience and theory. Teglia, Vanina. “Un jardín para los indios, en Bartolomé de las Casas” [Garden for the Indians, in Bartolomé de las Casas]. Diálogo Andino 49 (March 2016): 47–55. In Spanish. Notes Frye’s observation that the pastoral keeps open the suggestion that there is a distinction between a state of nature and a state of society. Teixeira, Nincia Borges. “Leitura caleidoscópica da natureza: O encontro de Barros e Mancuso.” [Kaleidoscopic Reading of Nature: The Meeting of Barros and Mancuso]. Anuário de Literatura 23, no. 2 (2018): 34–45. In Portuguese. Every “literary” text has “non-literary” relatives that are closer to it than to other texts of the canon. This finding is not original, of course: Northrop Frye developed an entire literary universe from the “order of words.” Tekel, Rose M. “Humanities with Zip and Vigor: Teaching about the Ancient World with a 21st-Century Flavour.” http://www.atlanticuniversities.ca/AbsPage. aspx?siteid=1&lang=1&id=1161. On Frye’s view of the humanities. Teng, Fong. “An Archetypal Interpretation of Shakespeare’s Much Ado about Nothing.” Everybody 9 (2011). In Chinese. Teng, Jack. “One Possibly Useful Way of Categorizing SciFi/Fantasy: Northrop Frye’s Theory of Modes.” Mylifemybooksmyescape [blog] (1 September 2016). https://mylifemybooksmyescape.wordpress. com/2016/09/01/guest-post-one-possibly-useful-wayof-categorizing-scififantasy-northrop-fryes-theory-ofmodes-by-jack-teng/. “I was introduced to Northrop Frye’s Theory of Modes and his Anatomy of Criticism about ten years ago when I was having a discussion with a former partner about the existence of cycles in history. . . . In a nutshell, Frye’s Theory of Modes argues that literary epochs can be described as going through

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5 distinct modes: the Mythic; the Romantic; the High Mimetic; the Low Mimetic; and the Ironic. In each mode, the protagonist is portrayed in a characteristic manner.” Terra, Kenner Roger Cazotto. “A leitura das narrativas sagradas: Uma crítica à exegese tradicional à luz da Semiótica da Cultura e Teorias Narrativas” [The Reading of Sacred Narratives: A Critique of Traditional Exegesis from the Semiotics of Culture and Theory Narratives]. Horizonte 14, no. 43 (July–September 2016): 859–89. In Portuguese. Glances at Frye’s notion developed in The Great Code and dependent on Vico, of the three phases of language. Terzo, Leonardo. “Northrop Frye e il sentiero della critica” [Northrop Frye and the Critical Path]. Confronto Letterario: Quaderni del Dipartimento di Lingue e Letterature Straniere Moderne dell’Università di Pavia 25 (2008): 155–76. In Italian. On Frye and “the critical path.” –  “La secolare irrilevanza della poesia: Sulle tracce di Northrop Frye” [The Age-Old Irrelevance of Poetry: On the Trail of Northrop Frye] (26 April 2012). http://www. leonardoterzo.it/2012/04/nel-centenario-della-nascitadi-northrop-frye/#.UP1YEmfCu-U. In Italian. On the way that Frye’s The Critical Path responded to the crisis in the humanities in the 1960s. Teske, John. “Neuromythology: Brains and Stories.” Paper presented at the conference on Science and Religion: Global Perspectives,” in Philadelphia, PA, 4–8 June 2005, a program of the Metanexus Institute. “While the basic affects [of stories] consist of a finite, biologically universal set, there is no such definitive set of scene and scripts, although a developed neurotheology might articulate a taxonomy of available variations, on the model of Todorov’s (1973) analysis of folklore, or Campbell’s (1988) of mythology. As a first pass, at least for a Western audience, a catalog of plots from classical mythology might be a good place to start, especially given the preliminary work done by McAdams (1988) in his theory of images, but Northrop Frye’s (1957) mythic archetypes, Lawrence Elsbree’s (1982) generic plots, or Agnes Hankiss’ (1981) ontological narratives would also suffice.” Teskey, Gordon. “Afterword: Of Greatness in Criticism.” University of Toronto Quarterly 81, no. 1 (Winter 2012): 174–86. Establishes several criteria to determine whether or not a critic is great and concludes that Frye meets the criteria. –  “Barbara Lewalski’s Indispensable Protestant Poetics.” Milton Quarterly 53, no. 4 (December 2019): 187–90. Quotes Frye on the deadness of biblical typology.

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–  “Prophecy Meets History: Frye’s Blake and Frye’s Milton.” In Educating the Imagination: Northrop Frye Past, Present, and Future, ed. Alan Bewell, Neil Ten Kortenaar, and Germaine Warkentin. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2015. 48–64. “Frye’s idea of history and repetition of the past are challenged by the possibility that the future may not be a repetition of the past but something radically new.” Blake’s vision “was at odds with a commitment to political struggle in history.” Believes Frye’s best criticism lies not with Blake and Anatomy of Criticism but with Milton.” (from editors’ introduction) Thacker, Robert. “Reading North through the One-Way Mirror: Canadian Literature, the Canadian Literary Institution, and Alice Munro.” American Review of Canadian Studies 41, no. 4 (2011): 406–18. “A little over 10 years ago I published an invited essay in Essays on Canadian Writing as part of a special issue entitled ‘Where is here Now?’; that title, a quotation from Northrop Frye’s famous question in his ‘Conclusion’ to the Literary History of Canada (1965), had long been a central concern of Canadian writers, he argued. Because Canada was so culturally diffuse and regionalized, a key question for writers was always the definition of their place. Frye’s question led, in part, to some of the nationalist outpourings of the 1970s—Atwood’s Survival and Surfacing, each published in 1972, chief among them.” Tharaud, Barry. “Yaşar Kemal, Son of Homer.” Texas Studies in Literature and Language 54, no. 4 (2012): 563–90. A study of Turkish novelist Yaşar Kema. Tharaud writes: “My critical perspective is that of comparative literature, or intercultural studies in the more comprehensive sense that translation studies has brought to those fields during the last two decades. I also make use of Northrop Frye’s myth-based genre criticism, as well as his concept of high- and lowmimetic modes, which create a context wherein he relates perspectives on tragedy, comedy, romance, and irony.” Theall, Donald F. “Expo—A Unique Art Form.” Graphis 23, no. 132 (1 July 1967): 324–30, 333–5, 409. In connection with Expo 67 the producers of the National Film Board of Canada have joined with Frye and sociologist Fernand Cadieux to reveal the nature of the perception of patterns from which creative awareness of patterns emerges. This was captured in the Film Board’s Labyrinth. Thomas, Brian. The Underground Fate: The Idiom of Romance in the Later Novels of Graham Greene. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1988. An application to Greene’s fiction of Frye’s critical taxonomies.

Thomas, Brook. “The New Historicism and the Privileging of Literature.” Annals of Scholarship 4 (Summer 1987): 23–48. Draws on Frye’s discussion of the distinctions between literary and nonliterary discourse in the Anatomy, pointing out that although Frye claims all discourse is rhetorical and therefore literary, “this does not mean that there is no such thing as literature.” Looks at the critique of Frye by Terry Eagleton, maintaining that Eagleton’s view is a caricature and observing that both critics advocate the transforming power of literature. Finds Fredric Jameson’s “reading through Frye” to be a much better way of transforming Frye’s ethical view of literature into a politically sensitive criticism. This essay is incorporated into Thomas’s The New Historicism: And Other Old-fashioned Topics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991. Thomas, Christopher A. “Slippery Talk of Parliament’s Architecture: Canadian, Canadian British, or AngloAmerican?” Racar: Revue d’Art Canadienne/Canadian Art Review 29, nos. 1–2 (2004): 14–27. “The classical historiography of Canadian architecture—formulated in patriotic terms, as in many countries—has taken the position to treat neo-medieval styles, including Victorian Gothic and ‘castle style,’ as particularly Canadian. This approach, which is found in the texts of R.H. Hubbard and Alan Gowans, became an integral part of post-war Canadian nationalism and coincided more or less with the celebration of the centennial of Confederation in 1967. It is inscribed in the process identified by the literary critic Northrop Frye as an attempt to define ‘Canadian genius.’” The article raises questions about the genesis and history of this view of Canadian architecture. Thomas, Clara. “Celebrations: Frye’s The Double Vision and Laurence’s Dance on the Earth.” English Studies in Canada 19 (June 1993): 125–31. Rpt. in Lee and Denham, Legacy, 164–70. Points to the similar social and spiritual foundations in the final books of Laurence and Frye, two writers who are “a dynamically powerful part of our Canadian heritage.” –  “Towards Freedom: The Work of Margaret Laurence and Northrop Frye.” Essays on Canadian Writing 30 (1984–5): 81–95. Rpt. in All My Sisters: Essays on the Work of Canadian Women Writers. Ottawa: Tecumseh Press, 1994. Points to the similarities between the careers of Frye and Laurence: both have church-centred, Canadian Protestant backgrounds and both “share two basic literary sources for their work, the Bible and Milton.” Finds in Laurence’s fiction the same basic narrative pattern from creation to apocalypse that Frye finds in the Bible. “Margaret Laurence and Northrop Frye

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

move toward the same goal . . . and they move from an identical and enduring belief in the kernel of aspiration, of possibility in every human being.” –  “Towards Freedom: The Work of Northrop Frye.” CEA Critic 42 (November 1979): 7–11. Outlines the important role played by Frye in helping criticism of Canadian literature to come of age. This was accomplished through his teaching of those who later became teachers, his contributions to the “Letters in Canada” surveys in the University of Toronto Quarterly (1950–9), and his “Conclusion” to Literary History of Canada. Notes the influence that the themes and metaphors Frye uses to talk about Canadian literature has had in the writing of such critics as Douglas Jones, Margaret Atwood, Dick Harrison, and James Reaney. Thomas, Greg, and Ian Clark. “The Garrison Mentality and the Canadian West: The British-Canadian Response to Two Landscapes: The Fur Trade Posts and the Ontarian Prairie Homestead.” Prairie Forum 4, no. 1 (1979): 83–104. On Frye’s idea of the garrison mentality applied to the settlements built by two groups during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries: the fur traders and the British-Canadian farm settlers in Western Canada. Thomas, Wynne. “Reflexions dans un train: A l’occasion d’un voyage en train entre Halifax et Montreal, l’auteur est inspire par des scenes du terroir et par les reveries de l’historien Northrop Frye” [Reflections on a Train: On a Train Trip between Halifax and Montreal, the Author Is Inspired by Scenes from the Land and by the Reveries of the Historian Northrop Frye]. La Revue de l’Imperiale 83, no. 433 (Summer 1999): 26–30. In French. Thompson, Elizabeth. “Intergenerational Discourse: Collaboration and Time-Travel in Canadian Fiction.” Canadian Children’s Literature/Littérature canadienne pour la jeunesse 67 (1992): 19–31. Using Frye’s theory of the origin of myth, shows how the recurring use of time travel in Canadian children’s literature is explained by a deep need to understand our place in the world and in history. Thompson, Ewa M. “The Great Amputation: Language in the Postmodern Era.” Modern Age (23 October 2018). “In the twentieth century, several scholars tried to return to the reflections of medieval interpreters. I shall mention three: Northrop Frye, Paul Ricoeur, and Henri de Lubac. In his unjustly forgotten Anatomy of Criticism, Frye notes that ‘poetry can only be made out of other poems; novels out of other novels,’ archetypes out of other archetypes, manners out of other manners. This means, among other things, that language is a treasure trove that preserves not only the facts of history

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but the entire human culture. The role of language as a carrier of culture is vouchsafed by the fourth level of meaning: the connection words have to the world of mystery. The connection need not be explicit, and the text need not be religious. Words carry traces of previous usages, and these traces add up to a mysterious adumbration of transcendence. Frye tried to wake up his students’ waning sensitivity to the features of language that are ‘the bearers of mystery.’ He urged his readers to pay more attention to medieval reflections on language that foregrounded metaphysics, and he proclaimed the principle of polysemous meaning, not in the sense that there exist infinite possibilities of interpretation (a postmodern view), but in that the same words may carry a light or heavy semantic burden depending on the context and the reader’s ability to relate to that context.” –  “Structuralism: Some Possibilities and Limitations.” Southern Humanities Review 7 (Summer 1973): 246–60 [248–9, 256–7]. A brief look at Frye’s work in the context of the structuralist movement. Thompson, Judith J. Tennessee Williams’ Plays: Memory, Myth, and Symbol. Rev. ed. New York: Peter Lang, 2002. Studies the pattern of mythic recollection and existential re-enactment in Williams’s plays, using Frye’s schema of literary archetypes, Jungian psychology, and existentialist philosophy. Thompson. Raymond, and Keith Busby. “Introduction.” In Gawain: A Casebook. New York: Routledge, 2005. Argues that, as the story progresses, the Gawain-Poet shifts the mode of the narrative, in Frye’s terms, from romance to low-mimetic. Thompson, Stephen D. “Eliot’s End and Beginning: Scholarship, Poetry, Forms of Life.” TwentiethCentury Literature 64, no. 4 (December 2018): 413 ff. “The conventionality of treating the lyric speaker as disembodied and abstract is typified in Northrop Frye’s introduction to Anatomy of Criticism, where he gestures to a sort of critical genealogy by erecting his claim that ‘poetry is a disinterested use of words . . . [that] doesn’t address a reader directly’ upon John Stuart Mill’s earlier formulation of the lyric as an utterance overheard.” Thomsen, Mads Rosendahl. “Systematic Inventions of the Straight Story: The Novel after Its Extremes.” In Reinventions of the Novel: Histories and Aesthetics of a Protean Genre, ed. Karen-Margrethe Simonsen et al. Textxet: Studies in Comparative Literature 40. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2004. 291–300. Thomson, George H. “The Lord of the Rings: The Novel as Traditional Romance.” Contemporary Literature 8

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(Winter 1967): 43–59. Sees the trilogy as structured on the six phases of romance as defined by Frye. Thulasi, J. “‘Imagination at the School of Seasons’: Frye’s Educated Imagination—An Overview.” Indian Review of World Literature in English 3, no. 2 (July 2007). http://worldlitonline.net/imagination%20at%20the%20 school%20of%20seasons.pdf. The “essays [in The Educated Imagination] give evidences of [Frye’s] power of analysis and literary imagination, which is based on the concept of biorhythm, related to the recurrence of seasons in nature.” Thumpston, Rebecca. “Redefining the Cello’s Voice: Musical Agency in Feet of Clay.” In The Music of Simon Holt. Suffolk, UK: Boydell and Brewer, Boydell Press, 2017. “Venn’s map of agential discourse builds on Klein’s framework for the analysis of narrative in music post1900. Klein’s model juxtaposes the logic of a Greimasian semiotic square with Northrop Frye’s narrative archetypes in order to locate four narrative modes: ‘narrative, neonarrative, anti-narrative and non-narrative.’” Tian, Min. “Lady Precious Stream: A Chinese Chinoiserie Anglicized on the Modern British Stage.” Comparative Drama 51, no. 2 (Summer 2017): 158–86. Shih-I Hsiung’s play, Lady Precious Stream, “impressed the young Northrop Frye, who saw it in London in 1936, as ‘a very slickly tailored piece of chinoiserie,’ which the future renowned Canadian literary critic, who had never seen a real Chinese play produced in China, believed was ‘ridiculous’ to ‘anyone who had seen a real Chinese play produced under authentically Chinese conditions.’” Tian, Zuhai. “On the Archetype and Typology of the Goddess Zigu.” Journal of Hubei University 1 (1997). In Chinese. Tiao, Wang. “The Ethics of Romance: Edward Bellamy and American Historical Fiction.” Interlitteraria 2 (2017): 312–21. “In The Political Unconscious Fredric Jameson takes up Frye’s definition of Romance to uncover the political and ethical dimensions of storytelling. ‘Frye’s identification of narrative in general with the particular narrative genre of romance,’ he writes, ‘raises the apparently unrelated issue of genre criticism, which . . . has in fact always entertained a privileged relationship with historical materialism.’ Jameson is suggesting that the narrative form intersects with historical values so that we can read, as he does with Joseph Conrad, the ethical and political implications of choices and omissions in narrative form.” Tibaldi, Marta. “Critica archetipica.” Cultural Studies. http://www.culturalstudies.it/dizionario/pdf/critica_ archetipica.pdf. On Frye and others as archetypal critics.

Ticu, Ana-Maria. “Lumi politice posibile—mahalaua încoronată” [Possible Political Worlds—Mahalaua Crowned]. Studii și cercetări științifice: Seria filologie 36 (2016): 111–16. In Romanian. Categorizes Mrs. Dracula’s character by using Frye’s character types. Tiffany, Grace. “Calvinist Grace in Shakespeare’s Romances: Upending Tragedy.” Christianity and Literature 49, no. 4 (Summer 2000): 421–45. Tiffin, Jessica. “Psychological Fantasy: Donaldson’s Thomas Covenant and the Failure of Genre.” In Inter Action 3: Proceedings of the Third Postgraduate Conference. Bellville, South Africa: UWC Press, 1995. 134–41. Investigates the generic tension in the Thomas Covenant series of novels by relying on Frye’s definition of romance. Tigue, John W. “Star Wars, Archetypes, and the Mythic Quest.” The Quest 5, no. 1 (1 April 1992): 22–9. “Northrop Frye explained that the quest is an aspect of myths involving a hazardous journey, imminent struggle, and recognition of greatness of the hero by others.” Tillekens, Ger. “Daydream Believer . . . Het seculiere geloof van de popmuziek” [Daydream Believer. . . The Secular Belief of Pop Music]. In Liturgie en popmuziek. Verslag van het symposium gehouden op 18 februari 1997 in het Kontakt der Kontinenten te Soesterberg, ed. Frans Jansen. Den Haag: Bureau Hoofdkrijgsmachtpredikant, 1997. 3–10. Rpt. in Soundscapes: Journal on Media Culture 1, no. (June 1998). http://www.icce.rug.nl/~soundscapes/ VOLUME01/Daydream_Believer.shtml. In this study of pop music, calls on Frye’s view of metaphor and metonymy and on his distinction between spirit, body, and soul to help us understand pop music. Tilley, Allen. Plot Snakes and the Dynamics of Literary Experience. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1992. Derives his modes for analysing the literary and psychological contexts of plot from Frye’s theory of modes. Renames and expands Frye’s modes: isolation = Frye’s irony, community = Frye’s low mimesis, generational binds = Frye’s high mimesis, the great dance = Frye’s romance, and myth (not renamed). –  Plots of Time: An Inquiry into History, Myth, and Meaning. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1995. Basing plot form on the stages of life (birth, puberty, adulthood, midlife transition, and death), argues that for Western cultures the most significant plots have arisen from the Bible, extending the analysis undertaken in the previous entry.

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Tillyard, E.M.W. Shakespeare’s Early Comedies. New York: Barnes and Noble; London: Chatto & Windus, 1965. Sees Frye’s approach to Shakespeare’s comedies in Anatomy of Criticism as representing, along with the works of Janet Spens and C.L. Barber, the anthropological approach. Does not find Frye’s theory of comedy to be convincing. Timothy-Asobele, S.J. “Amos Tutuola’s Inimitable Use of the English Language.” The Sun [Lagos] (23 August 2019). “Northrop Frye called Tutuola’s Drunkard naïve romance, in which the heroes move in a world of suspended natural laws, where prodigies of courage and enchanted weapons, talking animals and a talisman of miraculous power violate no rule of probabilities once the postulate of romance are established.” Tindol, Robert. “Milton’s Two-Handed Engine as a Conceptual Metaphor.” English Studies at NBU 2 (2019): 247–67. Looks at Frye’s position on the meaning of the figure of the “two-handed engine” in Milton’s Lycidas. Tirumalesh, K.V. “Northrop Frye and the Theory Impasse.” In Aithal, The Importance of Northrop Frye, 92–106. Argues that although Frye is attracted to developing a grand theory he is aware that theory eventually reaches an impasse. Moreover, Frye always seeks to bridge the gap that separates theory from action. Tischner, Łukasz. Tomasz Garbol, and David Jasper. “The Weakening of Theology by Literature Is Not a Bad Thing.” Konteksty Kultury 3 (2018): 271–90. “The Romantic tradition has also inspired . . . eminent figures in the field of literature and theology/religion—Meyer H. Abrams, Harold Bloom, Northrop Frye, Geoffrey Hartman, Frank Kermode, Charles Taylor.” Todaro, Letterio. Formazione e poìesis dell’umano: Dewey, Frye, Bruner [Formation and Poesis of the Human: Dewey, Frye, Bruner]. Pisa: Edizioni ETS, 2011. In Italian. On Frye’s theory of the educated imagination as the basis of a humanistic pedagogical theory. Todorov, Tzvetan. “Connaissance et engagement” [Knowledge and Concern]. Critique de la Critique: Un roman d’apprentissage. Paris: Seuil, 1984. 105–24; rpt. as “Préface” to Frye’s Le Grand Code: La Bible et la literature, trans. Catherine Malamoud. Paris: Seuil, 1984. 5–20. Eng. trans. appeared as “Knowledge and Concern: Northrop Frye” in Literature and Its Theorists: A Personal View of Twentieth-Century Criticism, trans. Catherine Porter. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1987. 89–105. Italian trans. appeared as “Conoscenza e impegno: Northrop Frye” in Todorov, Critica della critica. Turin: Einaudi, 1997. In Italian. Examines the difference between “what stems from the Romantic

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heritage in Frye’s thought and what transcends that traditional conceptual framework.” Contrasts Frye with the French structuralists (he is more interested in substance; they, in form; he writes an encyclopedia; they, a dictionary). Points to a number of opposing emphases in Frye’s work: the autonomy of literature vs. its relation to other things, nature vs. culture, freedom vs. concern, mythology vs. science. Believes that Frye hesitates on the issue of how criticism is precisely situated between these oppositions, that his popularizing style sometimes lacks rigour, and that his works are overly repetitive. Still, Frye’s reconciliatory view of criticism as dialogue and free reflection is produced by “a mind endowed with the rare quality of nobility.” –  “Critique de Frye” and “Frye et les principes structuralistes” [Frye and Structuralist Principles]. In Introduction à la littérature fantastique. Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1970. 13–27; The Fantastic: Structural Approach to a Literary Genre. Trans. Richard Howard. Cleveland: Press of Case Western Reserve University, 1973. 8–23. Argues that Frye’s modes are abstract, theoretical genres and thus not altogether satisfactory. Believes that an adequate modal and generic theory must give more emphasis than Frye does to the practical, empirical order—that it should work back and forth between the historical and the theoretical. –  “Meaning in Literature: A Survey.” Poetics 1 (1971): 8–15 [11, 14–15]. Finds Frye’s four levels of medieval exegesis to be inadequate. “The four meanings are postulated in advance, and any utterance appears to be as ambiguous as any other.” Also speaks of the similarity between the language of Frye, on the one hand, and that of the Russian formalists and Czech structuralists, on the other: both speak of the same distinctive features in poetic discourse: “linguistic signs stop being transparent instruments or communication or understanding and they acquire an importance in themselves.” –  “The Notion of Literature.” New Literary History 5 (Autumn 1973): 5–16 [12–14]. Examines Frye’s distinction between literary and nonliterary uses of language as the basis for defining literature. Frye combines two definitions of literature (opaqueness and fictionality) and his discussion has not proceeded “beyond the stage of vagueness and imprecision.” –  “Preface” to Le grand Code: La Bible et la littérature, trans. Catherine Malamoud. Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1984. 5–20. Serves as a preface to Frye’s literary theory rather than to The Great Code and is more an evaluation than an introduction. Points to Frye’s New Critical roots; to the similarities and differences between his work and that of the structuralists; to his views on value

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judgements, and to his social and cultural criticism, especially in The Critical Path. Believes that Frye has difficulty deciding whether criticism should treat literature as an aesthetic object or as part of a culture’s social mythology. Tofler, Marilyn. “Girls Who Make the Jokes: Feature Film Screenwriting for the Satirical Female Voice.” In Screenwriters and Screenwriting: Putting Practice into Context, ed. Craig Batty. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. In an essay that aims to understand satire as it relates to screenwriting, turns to Frye’s theory of satire and to several interpretations of the genre. Tofts, Darren. “Paradise Lost or Utopia Regained?” Paper read at the launch of the Experimenta International Biennial of Media Art: Experimenta Utopia Now, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, February 2010. https:// researchbank.swinburne.edu.au/items/a23f62bd5cdc-45ce-b5e9-a7eb0c7681c0/1/. Begins with Frye’s definition of a utopia: “a ‘speculative myth,’ a concept that is visionary rather than grounded in the realities and realpolitik of social facts. It is designed to enable speculation upon what might or could be, under specific conditions. It is a myth in that it could never be real.” Tokić, Marko. “Ogled o književnosti” [Essay on Literature]. Motrišta 75–6 (2014): 50–73. In Croatian. Like Northrop Frye, we live in a world of triple coercion: coercion to act, i.e., the law; coercion to opinion, i.e., fact; coercion to feelings, which is a feature of complete pleasure, as in Dante’s Paradiso. Toma, Irina. “George Eliot: Victorianismul în viziunea unei înţelepte” [George Eliot: A Feminine Sage’s Perspective on Victorianism]. Buletinul Universitatii Petrol-Gaze din Ploieşti, Seria Filologie 1 (2007): 105–10. In Romanian. Tomain, Joseph P. “Introduction to Law in Literature and Philosophy.” Cincinnati Law Research Paper Series (2016). http://ssrn.com/abstract=2854290. “The late literary critic Northrop Frye noted that there is a tendency for us to conform our language to the sentiments of the mob rather than speak individually. Clearly, we must fight against this tendency if, following Frye, we are to take the ‘side of genuine and permanent human civilization.’” Tomalin, Marcus. “The Intriguing Complications of Pocket Watches in the Literature of the Long Eighteenth Century.” Review of English Studies 66, no. 274 (2015): 300–21. “[L]iterary critics have often been content to accept unquestioningly the fundamental distinction between external, mechanical forms of time-telling (clock time) and more subjective, introspective forms

(psychological time), and these themes have been examined in relation to works by ‘canonical’ Romantic authors such as Wordsworth, Blake [by Frye], and Shelley.” –  “‘An Invaluable Acquisition’: Sandglasses in Romantic Literature.” European Romantic Review 28, no. 6 (2017): 729–49. Quotes Frye on Blake’s view of time. Tomczak, Izabela. “America’s Digital Messiah(s) of Detroit: Become Human.” New Horizons in English Studies 1 (2018): 158–72. “In creating a framework for an interpretative analysis of video games, critics frequently incorporate tools previously reserved for literary or film studies. Thus, it comes as no surprise that many authors favor an interdisciplinary, or even an intermediate approach, in particular when discussing the narrative. . . . Somewhat following this tradition, this article is largely inspired by Northop Frye’s study of romance, which, as the title suggests, the author views as The Secular Scripture. In assuming that traditional games, much like religious acts or sport events, are, in fact, ‘rituals,’ Frye established a relationship between the secular (entertainment) and the sacred (sacraments).” Tomoiagă, Ligia. “Genres and Tropes and the ‘Profiler’ Television Series.” Buletin Stiintific, seria A, Fascicula Filologie 28 (2019): 245–56. “Northrop Frye started his discussion of genres in his Anatomy of Criticism (1957) from considering their universal range. He named them both genres and modes.” Tonger-Erk, Lily. “Komödie.” In Handbuch Literatur and Psychoanalyse, ed. Frank Berndt and Eckart Goebel. Berlin and Boston: Walter de Gruyter, 2017. Notes that in Frye’s view of comedy the pleasure principle triumphs over the reality principle. Toolan, David S. “At Home in the Cosmos: The Poetics of Matter-Energy.” America 174, no. 6 (24 February 1996): 8. “As Northrop Frye once observed, to begin to think of God in the way scientists now do of atoms and electrons—as forces, fields and energies rather than ‘things’—may prove a way of recovering our biblical ancestors’ sense that God is linguistically a ‘word of power,’ not a noun but essentially a verb.” Topor, Ruxanda. “The Memory of the American and French Revolutions in William Blake’s America: A Prophecy and Europe: A Prophecy.” University of Bucharest Review: Literary and Cultural Studies Series 2 (2013): 55–63. “Blake’s narrative [in America: A Prophecy] merges out of a combination of accurate historical memory acquired by the poet during his life with fictitious characters and scenes, created by his imagination. However, beside these two elements, the

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memory of the American Revolution is also constituted with the help of intertextuality. Thus, David Erdman and Northrop Frye identify texts—literary works or documents—that evoke memory resonant with Blake’s version and that sustain his mnemonic enterprise. Discussing the symbolism of Orc and that of the dragon form, Northrop Frye suggests that Blake draws upon the Titanic myth and that of the dragon-killing in constructing these two antagonist characters. Orc, the hero of America, is ‘the power of the human desire to achieve a better world which produces revolution.’”

–  “‘És az alma naranccsá lett’ (Northrop Frye: Kettős tükör (A Biblia és az irodalom))” [And the Apples Became Orange (Northrop Frye: Double Mirror (The Bible and Literature))]. http://magyarnarancs.hu/zene2/es_az_ alma_naranccsa_lett_northrop_frye_kettos_tukor_a_ biblia_es_az_irodalom-56102. In Hungarian. On biblical myth, metaphor, and typology as understood by Frye.

Topping, Richard. “A Generous Theology.” Presbyterian Record 138, no. 3 (March 2014): 29–30. “The Educated Imagination is now in its 25th printing. In this book Frye asks a simple question: why study literature? His answer is rich with possibility. He says that the study of literature, what he calls ‘man’s revelation to man,’ is for the sake of funding imagination. Literary studies are hard work. They require critical finesse and directed attention, but the goal is to beef-up imagination.”

–  “A Frygian Perspective on European Irony: The Green Butchers.” In Northrop Frye 100: A Danubian Perspective, ed. Sára Tóth, Tibor Fabiny, János Kenyeres, and Péter Pásztor. Budapest: KGRE–L’Harmattan, 2014. 205–13. Applies Frye’s perspective on one decisive feature of European elite culture, namely, the presence of extreme irony, or rather, the tendency of interpretation to overlook textual data pointing away from irony. Influential thinkers of the twentieth century such as Paul de Man or Jacques Lacan tend to essentialize irony by turning it into the ultimate condition of human existence. In contrast, Northrop Frye is known to be a critic with a preference for comedy and romance as opposed to tragedy and irony. In his vision of the whole of literature, Frye relativizes the mythos of irony and satire by turning it into one of the four pre-generic narratives and by opposing its demonic imagery to the paradisal or apocalyptic group of images.

Torres Núñez, José J. “The Concept of Archetype in the Works of Northrop Frye.” Revista de Literatura 58, no. 16 (July–December 1986): 479–82; rpt. as “La noción de ‘arquetipo’ en Northrop Frye.” Revista de Literatura 53 (July–December 1996): 479–82. Tóth, Sára. “‘De szép zsidólány!’ Nõ és férfi Kertész Imre ‘Kaddis a meg nem született Gyermekért’ címû kisregényében” [“But a Beautiful Jewish Girl”: Woman and Man in Imre Kertész’s Short Novel, Kaddish for an Unborn Child]. Holmi 10 (2011): 1308–15. In Hungarian. Calls on Frye’s notion of primary and secondary concerns (ideologies) throughout. Is particularly concerned to reveal the dominance of the male narrator in Imre Kertész’s novel Kaddis. We need to be aware of what feminist criticism can reveal about Kertész’s fiction. –  “Earth Mother and Sky Father: Gendered Archetypes in Northrop Frye’s Work.” Concordia Discors vs. Discordia Concors: International Journal for Researches into Comparative Literature, Contrastive Linguistics, CrossCultural and Translation Strategies 6 (2014): 23–40. “Proposes a reading of Northrop Frye’s work in the context of certain conflicting claims of feminist theories. Tóth . . . argues that Frye’s distinction between primary concern (mythology) and secondary concern (ideology) can be used to theorize the difference between archetype and stereotype while also providing a way of going beyond the binaries of gender towards the permeation of masculine and feminine, of culture and nature.”

–  “Escape from the Prison of Illusion: Images of Reality and Illusion in the Work of Influential PostStructuralists and of Northrop Frye.” Ultimate Reality and Meaning 33, nos. 1–2 (March–June 2010): 104–13.

–  “Literature and Belief: From Romanticism to Northrop Frye.” In Ritka művészet—Rare Device. Írások Péter Ágnes tiszteletére—Writings in Honor of Ágnes Péter. ELTE Papers in English Studies. Budapest: ELTE BTK, 2011. 151–63. “In spite of obvious differences, Frye’s insistence on the primacy of metaphor, or, in a wider sense, of rhetoric, matches the insights of poststructuralists such as Paul de Man’s in the essay ‘Semiology and Rhetorics’ or of Jacques Derrida’s in ‘White Mythology.’ Yet this significant and far-reaching reversal of the hierarchy between the literary and the dogmatic goes back, as is well-known, to Romantic theories of literature and language. My intention in this essay is to explore the consequences of this reversal and argue for its continuing revelance by briefly discussing the relationship of literature and belief before and after Romanticism.” –  “Menyasszony és kert: A férfi-nő viszony mitikus vonatkozásai feminista perspektívában és Northrop Frye interpretációjában” [Bride and Garden: The Mythical Aspects of the Male-Female Relationship in a Feminist

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Perspective and in the Interpretation of Northrop Frye]. Holmi 11, no. 9 (1999): 1157–68. In Hungarian. A critique of feminist views of the biblical gender symbolism from a Frygean perspective, focusing mainly on Frye’s study of the bride and garden archetypes. –  “Nem a mi szavunk, de a miénk is (Northrop Frye bibliai hermeneutikája)” [Not Our Word, but Ours: Northrop Frye’s Biblical Hermeneutics]. Pannonhalmi Szemle 9, no. 2 (2001): 82–98. In Hungarian. On Frye’s mode of biblical interpretation. –  “Nőszimbólumok a Bibliában: Irodalomelméleti felismerések gyakorlati alkalmazása az írásértelmezésben” [Female Symbols in the Bible: Practical Application of Literary Theory, Recognitions in Writing]. Pannonhalmi Szemle 16, no. 2 (2008): 24–39. In Hungarian. Discusses the hermeneutics of trust and suspicion applied to the woman imagery of the Bible first by referring to authors of transcendental symbolism such as G.B. Caird, Northrop Frye, and Paul Ricoeur, and, second, to feminists strongly influenced by deconstruction such as Hélène Cixous and Phyllis Trible, who oppose projecting human images to God. Building on a combination of these approaches, the essay then proposes a possible redemptive use of the biblical woman metaphor. –  “Recovery of the Spiritual Other: Martin Buber’s ‘Thou’ in Northrop Frye’s Late Work.” In Rampton, Northrop Frye, 123–40. On Frye’s sense of the religious and imaginative “Other.” Argues that Frye’s notebooks “reveal how his theological vision grounded and guided his views on literature, culture, and society.” Traces the stages of the divine “otherness” of the human imagination in Frye’s late work. –  “Szentírás és világi Írás Northrop Frye kritikai munkásságában” [Scripture and Secular Writing in the Critical Work of Northrop Frye]. In Az Írás és az írás. Budapest: Károli Gáspár Református Egyetem, 2009. 187–95. In Hungarian. –  “A tragikum botránya” [The Tragic Scandal]. Közöseg útonjáró magazine 55 (January 2013). Frye on King Lear. –  “‘The unreality which transforms reality’: Images of Reality as Opposed to Illusion in Dominant Discourses of the Last Century and in Northrop Frye’s Work.” Paper presented at Educating the Imagination: A Conference in Honour of Northrop Frye on the Centenary of His Birth. University of Toronto, 4–6 October 2013. –  “Ürítés” [Drain]. Közöseg útonjáró magazine 40 (October 2011). http://www.parokia.hu/kozosseg/

cikk/749/. In Hungarian. On the symbolic significance of defecation for Frye. –  “Vallás az ideológián túl: Northrop Frye vallásfogalma” [Religion beyond Ideology: Northrop Frye’s Concept of Religion]. In Vallásfogalmak sokfélesége, ed. Gábor Kendeffy and Rita Kopeczky. Budapest: KároliL’Harmattan, 2012. 76–83. In Hungarian. –  “What Does Literature Say? The Problem of Dogmatic Closure—from Romanticism to Northrop Frye.” English Studies in Canada 37, no. 2 (June 2011): 185–200. On Frye’s view of the primacy of rhetoric over dialectic and dogma, a view that can be traced back to the Romantics. Explores the relation of the projects of Frye and Derrida as contraries, rather than parallels. –  “A World in Which Everything Is ‘Here’: Northrop Frye’s Immanent Vision of the Divine.” In The Immediacy of Mystical Experience in the European Tradition, ed. Miklós Vassányi, Sepsi Enikő, and Anikó Daróczi. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2017. 239–45. Examines Frye’s vision of unity, a grand visionary system of narrative and imagery. Shows how Frye’s vision is similar to the immanent vision of all things in the “extroverted mystics.” Shows that the experience of an all-embracing unity can ultimately be traced back to a consistently immanent view of the Divine, while a vision of universal alienation has its roots in the notion of God’s radical transcendence. Opting for the immanent approach, Frye offers a literary vision of paradise in which alienating time and space have given way to a world in which everything is “here” and “now.” Townsend, Chris. “Visionary Immaterialism: Berkeleian Empiricism in Blake’s Poetry.” Studies in Romanticism 58, no. 2 (Fall 2019): 357–83. “Despite the expressed concern that there is a ‘persistent identification’ between Blake and Berkeley in scholarship, Richard G. Martin cites only a handful of studies as evidence, and he is most concerned with the readings found in Northrop Frye’s Fearful Symmetry and Kathleen Raine’s ‘Berkeley, Blake and the New Age.’ For Frye, Berkeley’s claim that everything has its esse in percipi might well have informed Blake’s apparent idealism, evidenced in wellknown statements such as ‘Mental Things are alone Real what is Calld Corporeal Nobody Knows of its Dwelling Place is in Fallacy & its Existence an Imposture.’” Tőzsér, Árpád. “Puszta ország—jelen idő” [Puszta Country—Present Time]. Holmi: Folyóirat online kiadása. http://www.holmi.org/2001/12/tozserarpad-puszta-orszag-%E2%80%93-jelen-ido-latorlaszlo-versei-es-versforditasai. In Hungarian. Uses the archetypes in the last four chapters of Words with

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Perspective and in the Interpretation of Northrop Frye]. Holmi 11, no. 9 (1999): 1157–68. In Hungarian. A critique of feminist views of the biblical gender symbolism from a Frygean perspective, focusing mainly on Frye’s study of the bride and garden archetypes. –  “Nem a mi szavunk, de a miénk is (Northrop Frye bibliai hermeneutikája)” [Not Our Word, but Ours: Northrop Frye’s Biblical Hermeneutics]. Pannonhalmi Szemle 9, no. 2 (2001): 82–98. In Hungarian. On Frye’s mode of biblical interpretation. –  “Nőszimbólumok a Bibliában: Irodalomelméleti felismerések gyakorlati alkalmazása az írásértelmezésben” [Female Symbols in the Bible: Practical Application of Literary Theory, Recognitions in Writing]. Pannonhalmi Szemle 16, no. 2 (2008): 24–39. In Hungarian. Discusses the hermeneutics of trust and suspicion applied to the woman imagery of the Bible first by referring to authors of transcendental symbolism such as G.B. Caird, Northrop Frye, and Paul Ricoeur, and, second, to feminists strongly influenced by deconstruction such as Hélène Cixous and Phyllis Trible, who oppose projecting human images to God. Building on a combination of these approaches, the essay then proposes a possible redemptive use of the biblical woman metaphor. –  “Recovery of the Spiritual Other: Martin Buber’s ‘Thou’ in Northrop Frye’s Late Work.” In Rampton, Northrop Frye, 123–40. On Frye’s sense of the religious and imaginative “Other.” Argues that Frye’s notebooks “reveal how his theological vision grounded and guided his views on literature, culture, and society.” Traces the stages of the divine “otherness” of the human imagination in Frye’s late work. –  “Szentírás és világi Írás Northrop Frye kritikai munkásságában” [Scripture and Secular Writing in the Critical Work of Northrop Frye]. In Az Írás és az írás. Budapest: Károli Gáspár Református Egyetem, 2009. 187–95. In Hungarian. –  “A tragikum botránya” [The Tragic Scandal]. Közöseg útonjáró magazine 55 (January 2013). Frye on King Lear. –  “‘The unreality which transforms reality’: Images of Reality as Opposed to Illusion in Dominant Discourses of the Last Century and in Northrop Frye’s Work.” Paper presented at Educating the Imagination: A Conference in Honour of Northrop Frye on the Centenary of His Birth. University of Toronto, 4–6 October 2013. –  “Ürítés” [Drain]. Közöseg útonjáró magazine 40 (October 2011). http://www.parokia.hu/kozosseg/

cikk/749/. In Hungarian. On the symbolic significance of defecation for Frye. –  “Vallás az ideológián túl: Northrop Frye vallásfogalma” [Religion beyond Ideology: Northrop Frye’s Concept of Religion]. In Vallásfogalmak sokfélesége, ed. Gábor Kendeffy and Rita Kopeczky. Budapest: KároliL’Harmattan, 2012. 76–83. In Hungarian. –  “What Does Literature Say? The Problem of Dogmatic Closure—from Romanticism to Northrop Frye.” English Studies in Canada 37, no. 2 (June 2011): 185–200. On Frye’s view of the primacy of rhetoric over dialectic and dogma, a view that can be traced back to the Romantics. Explores the relation of the projects of Frye and Derrida as contraries, rather than parallels. –  “A World in Which Everything Is ‘Here’: Northrop Frye’s Immanent Vision of the Divine.” In The Immediacy of Mystical Experience in the European Tradition, ed. Miklós Vassányi, Sepsi Enikő, and Anikó Daróczi. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2017. 239–45. Examines Frye’s vision of unity, a grand visionary system of narrative and imagery. Shows how Frye’s vision is similar to the immanent vision of all things in the “extroverted mystics.” Shows that the experience of an all-embracing unity can ultimately be traced back to a consistently immanent view of the Divine, while a vision of universal alienation has its roots in the notion of God’s radical transcendence. Opting for the immanent approach, Frye offers a literary vision of paradise in which alienating time and space have given way to a world in which everything is “here” and “now.” Townsend, Chris. “Visionary Immaterialism: Berkeleian Empiricism in Blake’s Poetry.” Studies in Romanticism 58, no. 2 (Fall 2019): 357–83. “Despite the expressed concern that there is a ‘persistent identification’ between Blake and Berkeley in scholarship, Richard G. Martin cites only a handful of studies as evidence, and he is most concerned with the readings found in Northrop Frye’s Fearful Symmetry and Kathleen Raine’s ‘Berkeley, Blake and the New Age.’ For Frye, Berkeley’s claim that everything has its esse in percipi might well have informed Blake’s apparent idealism, evidenced in wellknown statements such as ‘Mental Things are alone Real what is Calld Corporeal Nobody Knows of its Dwelling Place is in Fallacy & its Existence an Imposture.’” Tőzsér, Árpád. “Puszta ország—jelen idő” [Puszta Country—Present Time]. Holmi: Folyóirat online kiadása. http://www.holmi.org/2001/12/tozserarpad-puszta-orszag-%E2%80%93-jelen-ido-latorlaszlo-versei-es-versforditasai. In Hungarian. Uses the archetypes in the last four chapters of Words with

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Power—the mountain, the garden, the cave, and the furnace—to interpret Lator László’s poetry. Tozzi, Verónica. “Hayden White y una filosofía de la historia literariamente informada” [Hayden White and a Philosophy of History Informed by Literature]. Ideas y Valores 58, no. 140 (2009): 73–98. In Spanish. On the connections between Hayden White’s “metahistory” and Frye’s theory of modes from Anatomy of Criticism. Tremblay, Tony. “Canada’s Independent Intellectual.” In David Richards Adams: Essays on His Works, ed. Tony Tremblay. Toronto: Guernica, 2005. 78–101. Seeks to test whether Frye’s ideas about Canadian literature “are still valid as artistic measures.” Concludes that the notion that Canadian writers have to get rid of their Canadianism in order to become world-class, an idea Frye fostered, cannot be sustained. –  “New Brunswick, Northrop Frye, and the Shifting Ecology of the Idea of Place.” Paper presented at the 10th Annual Media Ecology Association Convention, Saint Louis University, 9 June 2009. Trenn, Thaddeus J. “From Here to Eternity: Chance, Energy and Fallible Reason.” Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 14, nos. 1–2 (2002): 165–82. A review of books by Benz, Todaro-Franceschi, and Tadvany; concludes its critique by drawing on Frye’s speculations about time and eternity in The Double Vision. Tretter, Elizabeth. “Die Hard: A Case Study of Masculine Romance.” Murray State’s Digital Commons (Fall 2019): 1–8. “This paper explores the connection between romances and action/adventure films by applying Northrop Frye’s six phases of romance outlined in his Anatomy of Criticism to the traditional masculine adventure film Die Hard.” Trevisan, Ana Lucia. “O sagrado no romance hispanoamericano do século XX” [The Sacred in the HispanicAmerican Novel of the 20th Century]. Horizonte 11, no. 29 (January–March 2013): 279–93. In Portuguese. “The presence of sacred narratives in the literary texts of the 20th century is marked by a renewed aesthetic experience, once it does not only refer to using or re-using an exotic theme, but perceiving a potential translator of universal truths, immanent to religious texts or mythological ancestors.” Trifonas, Peter Pericles. “A Natural Perspective: Reflections on the Critical Legacy of Northrop Frye.” English Quarterly 33, nos. 3–4 (2001): 55–60. Seeks to understand the implications of Frye’s theories in Anatomy of Criticism for critical reading. Suggests that if theory is used as a practical basis for literary education,

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then educators must not abuse the privilege and simply use the theory without reflection. Trocha, Bogdan. “Fantastyka jako spekulacyjne ‘laboratorium moralne’? Literacko-aksjologiczny aspekt poszukiwania wzorców tożsamości w ponowoczesnym świecie” [Fantasy as a Speculative “Moral Laboratory”? The Literary-Axiological Aspect of Searching for Patterns of Identity in the Postmodern World]. Literatura Ludowa 1 (2018): 3–23. In Polish. Northrop Frye and other mythographers become mediums through which modern generations can reach for the mythical wisdom narratives. Tromp, Rayron. “A Dark Knight? Miller’s Vigilante for Reagan’s America.” University of Groningen: Institutional Repository. 2010. http://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/ tel4/record/3000073894329?query=northrop+frye& offset=2280. “The modern comic book superhero is indebted to Frank Miller’s The Dark Knight Returns. The ‘common’ superheroes were not good enough anymore. They had lost their connection between a feasible reality and pure fantasy. One of these superheroes is Batman. However, in 1986 Frank Miller reinvented Batman, by delving deeper into Batman’s traumatic past and psyche in order to explore the true nature of a ‘hero.’ The assumption was, according to Northrop Frye, that heroes are categorized into five different categories. The authority and legitimacy of this diagrammatical hierarchy is based on the differences between the elevations of the characters in works of fiction, as observed by Frye’s own research. Yet, why can Batman not be simply categorized into any one of these five categories?” (from the abstract) Tropiano, Carmelo. “Literature as Therapy.” Convivium: A Monthly Guide to Adventures of the Mind (10 May 2010). http://newsletter.classicalpursuits.com/may2010/117-75-til-frye.html; also at https://macblog. mcmaster.ca/fryeblog/2010/05/10/carmelo-tropianoliterature-as-therapy/. Explores the thesis of Frye’s essay “Literature as Therapy” that literature can in fact be cathartic, as the case of his mother illustrates. Tropin, Tijana. “The Arcadian Motif in European Children’s Literature.” Bookbird 45, no. 2 (2007): 21–8. “Maria Nikolajeva, basing her argument on the work of Northrop Frye, has established a dichotomy in children’s literature between cyclical and linear time. The symbolic importance of the Arcadian landscape depends on this distinction: while cyclical time flows in an endless circle and leads to no change or maturing, narratives set in linear time end with a profound change in the protagonists or their environment. Roughly speaking, linear time is connected to Frye’s apocalyptic

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mode—Frye connects the pastoral and the Arcadian in literature with the second phase of the cycle of life, ‘summer,’ and cyclical time—which means it ends with a Judgment Day and the establishing of a Heavenly Jerusalem; conversely, cyclical time repeats itself perpetually, returning to the Golden Age.” Trosman, Harry. “The Ironic Detachment of Edward Gibbon.” International Journal of Psychoanalysis 90, no. 3 (June 2009): 581–93. “Other analysts [than Freud] have also broadened irony to include the paradoxical and the incongruous. Roy Schafer conceives of irony as more than a mere rhetorical or verbal device. He proposes that irony can be regarded as a broad orientation toward reality like the tragic, the romantic and the comic. Following the views of Northrop Frye the ironic is characterized by a sense of detachment, a challenge to useless tradition and sensitivity to the deep ambiguity often present in life. It serves as a challenge to tendencies of grandiosity and bias; the ironic attitude is particularly sensitive to posturing, declamations of spurious certitude and single-mindedness.” Trott, Elizabeth. “Maritain, Northrop Frye, and the Limits of Poetic Knowledge.” Études Maritainiennes/Maritain Studies 17 (2001): 30–7. On the similarities and differences in the views of poetic knowledge in the work of Frye and Jacques Maritain. Trousdale, M.S. “Semiotics and Shakespeare’s Comedies.” In Shakespearean Comedy, ed. Maurice Charney. New York: New York Literary Forum, 1980. 249–55. Seeks to illustrate that certain aspects of Frye’s theory of comedy can be translated into semiotic and linguistic terms and that the conventions of the comedies can be transformed, like the elements of syntax, into other structures, the elements of the entire framework of the comedies being defined by their differences. Tschuggnall, Peter. “Die Bibellektüre von Northrop Frye: Eine literaturkritische Lesart abendländischer Kultur aus polyästhetischer Perspektive” [The Bible Textbook by Northrop Frye: A Literary Critical Reading of Occidental Culture from a Poly-Aesthetic Perspective]. In 25 Jahre Internationale Gesellschaft für Polyästhetische Erziehung: Erfahrungen—Perspektiven; Hommage an Wolfgang Roscher (1927–2002); Tagungsband zum 25. Polyaisthesis-Symposion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Polyästhetische Erziehung an der Universität Mozarteum Salzburg, 2007. Munich: Katzbichler, 2012. 60–8. In German. –  “Die Heilige Schrift als Mythos? Northrop Frye und seine literaturkritische Betrachtung der Bibel” [Holy Scripture as a Myth? Northrop Frye and His

Literary Criticism of the Bible]. Paper presented at the conference Bibel als Literatur: Kulturwissenschaftliche Perspektiven, Zentrum für Literatur- und Kulturforschung, Berlin, 12 April 2008. In German. –  “Lesen wider die Tradition: Northrop Frye und seine Literaturkritische Lesart von Bibel und Kultur” [Reading against Tradition: Northrop Frye and His Literary Critical Reading of the Bible and Culture]. Afterword to Der Grosse Code: Die Bibel und Literatur. Trans. Peter Seyffert. Ed. Peter Tschuggnall. Anif/Salzburg: Verlag Mueller-Speiser, 2007. 263–71. In German. –  “Northrop Frye, der Mythos und die Bibel.” Studia Niemcoznawcze 41 (2009): 17–31. In German. –  “Die Sprache der Bibel als “Code”: Northrop Frye.” Studien zur Deutschkunde [Warsaw] 39 (2008): 11–15. In German. Tseng, Chenchen. “An Allegory on Allegory: Reading ‘Ju song’ as Qu Yuan’s Ars Poetica.” Dong Hwa Journal Humanistic Studies 1 (July 1999): 69–102. Argues that “Ju song” is precisely what Frye defines as a monad, “a microcosm of all literature, an individual manifestation of the total.” Tucker, Herbert F. “A Field of Magpies: Disciplinary Emergence as Modus Vivendi in English Studies.” Modern Language Quarterly 75, no. 2 (2014): 297. “In my lifetime Northrop Frye stands nearly alone as, so to say, a systematic theologian of literary genre, form, and history. Beside Frye, procedurally deliberate researchertheorists like I.A. Richards, Norman Holland, or Lisa Zunshine might be adduced as well, yet I find it hard to mention their studies of the stock responses, subject positions and cognitive practices of readers in the same breath with the library-wide panoptical overview that Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism takes of more works than most of us can remember, much less marshal like him into an interlocking, cross-braced, yet still generously receptive conceptual whole.” Tucker, Memye Curtis. “Archetypes and the Analysis of Popular Culture.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Popular Culture Association, Toronto, 29 March 1984. 11 pp. Unpublished typescript. Uses Frye’s theory of archetypes as a means for understanding the conventions in a wide range of the phenomena of popular culture, including songs, television shows, fashions, advertisements, and political campaigns. –  “The Machine as Metaphor in the Critical Theory of Northrop Frye.” Paper presented at Interface ’81: The Fifth Annual Humanities and Technology Conference, Marietta, GA, 23 October 1981. 12 pp. Unpublished

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typescript. Discusses the symbolism of Frye’s use of the machine as metaphor (life and death, freedom and bondage, etc.) as a way of illustrating the function of literature in our time. –  “Northrop Frye: The Uses of Criticism.” CEA Critic 42 (November 1979): 12–17. Recommends that further studies of Frye need to see his work in its literary context: the literature he himself has absorbed; the schematic structure of his thought; the influence of religion, Blake, and the Bible in his writing; the visual and rhythmic texture of his style. Testifies to the influence Frye as a person and a critic has had upon her own work, both inside and outside the academy. –  “Northrop Frye’s Prophetic Fiction.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the South Atlantic Modern Language Association, Atlanta, GA, 6 November 1980. 19 pp. Unpublished typescript. Sees the six short stories that Frye wrote in the 1930s and 1940s as foreshadowing the forms described in his later critical writing and as expressing a revolutionary critical vision. Discovers that the genre of most of these stories is the Menippean satire and that the primary influence behind them was Richard Garnett’s The Twilight of the Gods. –  “Notes toward an Anatomy of Popular Culture.” Paper presented at the South Atlantic Modern Language Association, Atlanta, GA, 11 November 1982). 12 pp. Unpublished typescript. Categorizes aspects of popular culture by the archetypal patterns they express or invoke in order “to show relationships between highly disparate phenomena, to suggest the reasons for certain psychological effects,” and to “clarify the context of popular culture.” –  “Shakespearean Comedy, The Great Code, and the Myth of Deliverance.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the South Atlantic Modern Language Association, Atlanta, GA, 10 November 1984. 11 pp. Unpublished typescript. Sees the myth of deliverance—the narrative pattern leading through death to a new life—as fundamental to Shakespearean comedy, the Bible, and Frye’s thought. Examines the “three ways in which the myth of deliverance functions in Frye’s writing: as a descriptive category in his critical system, as a structure of metaphor and narrative in his writing, and as the content of his exhortation.” –  “To Plausibility and Back: Some Uses of Science and Technology in Popular Culture.” Paper presented at Interface ’84: Eighth Annual Humanities and Technology Conference, Marietta, GA, 26 October 1984. 12 pp. Unpublished typescript. Uses some observations about plausibility and implausibility in Frye’s theory of

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modes to comment on the various ways popular culture uses, often in a confused way, science and technology. Tucker, Robert. “Figure, Ground and Presence: A Phenomenology of Meaning in Rhetoric.” Quarterly Journal of Speech 87, no. 4 (2001): 396–414. The “Gestalt effect, the all-at-once-ness of a new interpretation, manifests itself in a wide variety of rhetorical phenomena. One example concerns the emergence of a holistic sense of meaning for the text as a whole. The accumulation of smaller patterns of meaning can seem to be leading the audience in one particular direction or no particular direction at all. Then, with a single phrase or turn, the speaker recontextualizes the prior elements. The result is a newly emergent figure—a meaning for the work as a whole. Northrop Frye has described this best, showing that there is ‘a movement in time, which is the mythos properly speaking, up to and followed by an act of understanding where mythos is “seen,” or apprehended as a unit.’” Tucker also notes Hayden White’s debt to Frye in his adaptation of Frye’s “modes of emplotment.” Tueth, Michael V. “Fun City: TV’s Urban Situation Comedies of the 1990s.” Journal of Popular Film and Television 28, no. 3 (Fall 2000): 98–107. Points to Frye’s “classic explication” in Anatomy of Criticism of New Comedy’s association with fertility and youth. –  “Here Comes My Baby.” America 198, no. 17 (19 May 2008): 17–20. Uses Frye’s mythos of comedy as a framework for a review of three films. Tuğluk, Abdulhakim. “Ironi nedir?” [What Is Irony?] İdil Sanat ve Dil Dergisi 29 (2017): 441–67. In Turkish. Notes the omnipresence of discussions of irony in Frye’s work. Turk, Edward Baron. “Marcel Carné’s Deceptive Comedy . . . Drôle de drame.” Literature/Film Quarterly 8, no. 3 (1980): 165–9. “Comedy traditionally effectuates a movement from one kind of society to another. As Northrop Frye asserts, ‘the device in the plot that brings hero and heroine together causes a new society to crystallize around the hero, and the moment when this crystallization occurs is the point of resolution in the action, the comic discovery, anagnorisis or cognitio.’ But in [Carné’s] Drôle de drame such resolution does not occur.” The film is close to what Frye calls the “ironic phase” of comedy. Turner, Kate, and Bill Freedman. “Nature as a Theme in Canadian Literature.” Environmental Review 13, no. 4 (December 2005): 169–97. Article begins with a broad overview of nature as a theme in cultural expression, including overarching ones in Canadian literature, and

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discusses the influential literary views of Frye, Margaret Atwood, and their critics. Turner, Ronny E., and Charles Edgley. “Sociological Semanticide: On Reification, Tautology and the Destruction of Language.” Sociological Quarterly 21, no. 4 (1980): 595–605. Joseph Gusfield has called into question the “window-pane” theory of science, that is, that language and style must be chosen which will approximate, as closely as possible, a pane of clear glass: scientists express their procedures, findings, and generalizations in neutral language. But such a neutral procedure is an impossibility. Frye’s rendering of the matter in Anatomy of Criticism is more to the point: “Anything which makes a functional use of words will always be involved in all the technical problems of words including rhetorical problems. The only road from grammar to logic, then, runs through the intermediate territory of rhetoric.” Tutucu, Mert. “Northrop Frye’nin mit teorisi işiğinda dört farkli şiirdeki arketipsel sembollerin aydinlatilmasi” [Illumination of Archetypal Symbols in Four Different Poems in Light of Northrop Frye’s Theory of Myth]. International Symposium on Mythology: Proceedings Book (2–5 May 2019): 644–56. Ardahan University, Turkey. In Turkish. Seeks to explain Frye’s thoughts on the connection between myth, archetypal symbols, collective unconscious, and literature. Tygstrup, Frederik. “Romanforskning” [Novel Research]. K&K 95: Den moderne roman 31, no. 1 (2003): 255–77. In Norwegian. Frye’s theory of the novel as a historical genre is one of the four theoretical approaches one might take to studying the genre. U Ueding, Gert. “Historische Meinung: Rhetoriktheoretische Anmerkungen zu Hayden Whites Geschichtspoetik” [Historical Opinion: Theoretical Rhetoric: Notes on Hayden White’s Historical Poetics]. Rhetorik 38, no. 1 (2019): 5–17. In German. “This article confronts White’s ideas on metahistory and the fundamental narrativity of historiography, which at least for the decades to follow have revolutionized the theory of history, with important scholarly sources from German intellectual history, such as Nietzsche, Bloch, Kracauer und Blumenberg, to conclude that the central focus of White’s thought-provoking theoretical experiment, to conceive of historiography as an interplay of Frye’s four directional literary forms— romance, satire, comedy and tragedy—grounded in the epistemology of the basic tropes (metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche and irony), inadvertently induced a neglect

of rhetoric in the scholarly enterprise of understanding the past and of finding argumentative plausibility and consensus in the dialogue of historiographic negotiation.” Ullén, Magnus. “Dante in Paradise: The End of Allegorical Interpretation.” New Literary History 32, no. 1 (Winter 2001): 177–97. Examines Fredric Jameson’s critique of Frye’s theory of levels of meaning. –  “The Situation of the Text: Erotic and Pornographic in Barthes’s Camera Lucida.” Critical Quarterly 57, no. 2 (2015): 72–89. Notes that Frye claims all commentary to be allegorical interpretation. Ullman, Pierre L. “Análisis contrapuntal de San Manuel Bueno, mártir” [Contrapuntal Analysis of San Manuel Bueno, Martyr]. In Actas del X Congreso de la Asociación de Hispanistas, I–IV. Barcelona: Promociones y Pubs. Universitarias, 1992. 317–24. In Spanish. An application of Frye’s theories to Unamuno’s novella, “San Manuel Bueno, Martyr.” –  “Clarín’s Androcratic Ethic and the Antiapocalyptic Structure of ‘¡Adiós, Cordera!’” In The Analysis of Hispanic Texts: Current Trends in Methodology, Second York College Colloquium, ed. Lisa E. Davis and Isabel C. Tarán. New York: Bilingual Press, 1976. 11–31. Uses Frye’s theories of modes and symbols to analyse the trinitarian symbolism in Clarín’s short story. Revised for Ullman’s Contrapuntal Method, below. –  “A Contrapuntal and Spenglerian Approach to Misericordia.” Hispanic Review 60 (Summer 1992): 321–39. Draws on Frye’s theory modes (First Essay of Anatomy of Criticism) and his five phases of symbolism (Second Essay) to argue that Benito Pérez Galdós’s novella Misericordia is a low-mimetic and ironic work. –  A Contrapuntal Method for Analyzing Spanish Literature. Potomac, MD: Scripta Humanistica, 1988. Uses Frye’s theories to examine nine works of Spanish literature. “The method expounded in the present volume depends on a rigorous classification of metaphors and motifs according to a scheme relying on the correspondence of the five modes of Frye’s historical criticism to the five phases of his ethical criticism.” –  “Juan Ramón Jiménez and Onanism: An Ironic Typical Interpretation.” In Studies in Honor of Gilberto Paolini. Homenajes [Tributes], ed. Mercedes Vidal Tibbitts. Newark, DE: Cuesta, 1996. 301–7. –  “Modos y fases en el Quijote” [Modes and Phases in Don Quixote]. In Josep Maria Solà-Solé: Homage, Homenaje, Homenatge, ed. Antonio Torres-Alcalá, Victorio Agüera, and Nathaniel B. Smith. Barcelona: Puvill, 1984. Vol. 2.

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13–19. In Spanish. Draws upon the first two essays of Anatomy of Criticism to analyse the barber’s basin and beard-washing episodes in Don Quixote. Revised for Ullmann’s Contrapuntal Method, above. –  “La simbología quinaria y ‘El castellano viejo’: Réplica a Gonzalo Navajas” [The Quinary Symbology and ‘El castellano viejo’: A Reply to Gonzalo Navajas]. Revista Hispánica Moderna 44 (June 1991): 3–17. Notes that in the sixteenth century Juan Pérez de Moya had added a fifth level to the medieval exegetical system, and argues that Frye’s suggestion about contrapuntal analysis is a convenient way to look at the five-fold symbology inherent in Spanish literature. –  “Torquemada en la hoguera a la luz de dos teorías de Northrop Frye” [Torquemada at the Stake in Light of Two of Northrop Frye’s Theories]. Actas del VIII Congreso de la Asociación Internacional de Hispanistas [7, no. 2]. Ed. José Amor y Vásquez et al. Madrid: Ediciones Istmos, 1986. 661–7. In Spanish. Uses Frye’s theories of modes and symbols to comment on the Inquisitional bonfire in Galdós’s novelette. Revised for Ullmann’s Contrapuntal Methods, above. –  “Torquemada en la hoguera prilumita de du teorioj de Northrop Frye” [Torquemada in the Bonfire Lit by Two Theories of Northrop Frye]. In Serta gratulatoria in honorem Juan Régulo, vol. I, Filología. La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna, 1985. 739–54. In Esperanto. A longer version of the preceding entry. Unal, Olga. “Structuralism: The Structure of Literary Genres.” A PowerPoint Slide Presentation. https:// www.slideshare.net/olgaunal3/structuralism-45910187. Discusses Frye’s theory of modes. Underhill, Frank. “The Academy without Walls.” Canadian Art 18 (1961): 299–300. A reply to Frye’s essay “Academy without Walls.” Underwood, Ted, and the NovelTM Research Group. “Genre Theory and Historicism.” Cultural Analytics (25 October 2016). https://experts.illinois.edu/en/ publications/genre-theory-and-historicism. “The timeless taxonomy of modes and genres that Northrop Frye once hoped to sketch is not likely to make a comeback. Genres are clearly historical constructions. But our current repertoire of critical strategies doesn’t always help us untangle their histories. Instead, the premise that a genre is whatever historical actors say it is tends to dissolve the history of genre into a maze of tautologically valid (but conflicting) assertions made by writers, producers, distributors, marketers, readers, fans, critics and other discursive agents.”

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Ungeheuer-Gołąb, Alicja. “Wychowanie przez sztukę w edukacji literackiej dziecka” [Upbringing through Art in Children’s Literary Education]. Chowanna 36, no. 1 (2011): 151–61. In Polish. Places Frye among the archetypal critics Ungelenk, Johannes. Literature and Weather: Shakespeare—Goethe—Zola. Berlin and Boston: Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2018. Quotes Frye as claiming that The Tempest is about both temperance and tempestuousness. –  “Satyrs, Spirits, and Dionysian Intemperance in Shakespeare’s Tempest.” Cahiers Élisabéthains: A Journal of English Renaissance Studies 101, no. 1 (2020): 45–64. Draws on Frye’s “The Argument of Comedy.” Unger, Francisco. “Still Learning.” Review of Dunbar, by Edward St. Aubyn. Salmagundi nos. 200–1 (Fall–Winter 2018–19): 109–15. “St. Aubyn merely puts his Lear through the paces of self-recovery and rehabilitated innocence to lose himself and his daughter all the more fully. St. Aubyn has read his Northrop Frye, and it shows not only where his novel [Dunbar] lobs up interpretive glosses that can read like Frye on an off, or pat, day. He stages a novel of the restoration of identity, only to let it then fracture in identity’s more bitter evisceration; Christian and comedic hopes, for a new dispensation and a life of recovered yet transfigured identity, shadow the tragedy’s arc only to then be more violently burlesqued.” –  “Things I Should Have Known: Tardiness in King Lear.” Literary Imagination 17, no. 2 (2015): 131–52. Unruh, Kay. “In Search of Drama: A Study of James Reaney’s Plays for Children.” Children’s Literature Association Quarterly 9, no. 3 (Fall 1984): 122–5. The ways that four of Reaney’s plays conform to one or the other of Frye’s specific forms of drama. Unuk, Jana. “Biblija in antični mit v pesmih Czesława Miłosza” [The Bible and the Ancient Myth in the Poems of Czesław Miłosz]. Primerjalna književnost (Ljubljana) 31, no. 22 (December 2008): 51–65. In Slovenian. Uses Frye’s grammar of archetypes to examine the biblical and mythical elements in Miłosz’s poetry. Updike, John. “Big Bard.” American Scholar 70, no. 4 (Autumn 2001): 40. “О what a lark it must have been to be / Shakespeare—to face no copyediting / to be (to quote Ben Jonson) “honest,” with / “an open, and free nature” plus “brave notions, / and gentle expressions” on top of / “an excellent Phantsie” and “that facility, / that sometime . . . should be stop’d”; to be the pet / of

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Harold Bloom and Northrop Frye; to sell / like mad in paperback, and outlive Marlowe. . . .” Urban, Eliza Dickinson. “Spectral Spectacle: Traps, Disappearances, and Disembodiment in NineteenthCentury British Melodrama.” Nineteenth Century Theatre and Film 46, no. 1 (May 2019): 18–37. “Further work has expanded the critical view of melodrama’s legacy, which stretches beyond film and into such varied forms as advertising, as Northrop Frye articulates in his essay ‘Violence and Television.’ Frye, however, asserts melodrama’s negative connotations in the same breath as he extols its omnipresence in culture, pithily referring to it as ‘something we don’t take very seriously.’” Urbaniak-Rybicka, Ewa. “Recenzje: Ty najpierw odpowiedz. Stój! Podaj hasło” czyli kody dostępu do kanadyjskiej mozaiki literackiej [Reviews: You answer first. Stop! Enter password, or access codes to the Canadian literary mosaic]. ER(R)GO. Teoria-LiteraturaKultura 17 (2008): 199–208. In Polish. On postmodern literary critics in Canada during the past forty years: Cynthia Sugars, Northrop Frye, Margaret Atwood, Frank Davey, Robert Kroetsch, Linda Hutcheon, Lee Maracle, Bharati Mukherjee, and Smaro Kamboureli. Urey, Diane F. Galdós and the Irony of Language. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1982. Glances at Frye’s conception of the ironic mode. Urueña, Juan Felipe. “La poética del ascenso y el descenso: Un montaje de dos variaciones en torno a imágenes de caminantes en Colombia” [The Poetics of Ascent and Descent: A Montage of Two Variations of Images of Displacement in Colombia]. Antípoda: Revista de Antropología y Arqueología 33 (October– December 2018): 61–78. Notes Hayden White’s application of Frye’s literary genres to his own historical narratives. Ury, Marian. “Stepmother Tales in Japan.” Children’s Literature 9 (1981): 61–72. Of the four patterns Ury discovers in Japanese folktales, “the first and most widespread is also the most complex. In its cyclical movement from light to dark to light it resembles very closely Northrop Frye’s archetype of ‘romance,’ and it contains many of the plot elements that Frye considers characteristic of romance.” Utley, Francis Lee. “Oral Genres as a Bridge to Written Literature.” In Folklore Genres, ed. Dan Ben-Amos. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2014. Maintains that Frye is presently “the major exponent of genre study.”

V Vahabzadeh, Peyman. Review of This Elusive Land: Women and the Canadian Environment, ed. Melody Hessing, Rebecca Raglon, and Catriona Sandilands. Canadian Journal of Sociology 31, no. 1 (Winter 2006): 150–3. The editors “trace the question [of the environment] back to the classical nature/nurture dichotomy. As they argue, ‘association with the environment’—in resource extraction, leisure activities, or employment opportunities ‘remains largely a man’s game.’ Masculine narratives have historically constructed discourses pertaining to Canada. No wonder, then, that as Northrop Frye has argued, a ‘garrison mentality’ defines Canada’s relationship to nature.” Vaher, Maret. “Matemaatiline mäng ja ‘pronksiaeg’: Karl Ristikivi ajalooliste teoste struktuur” [The Mathematical Game and the ‘Bronze Age’: The Structure of Karl Ristikivi’s Historical Works]. Methis: Studia Humaniora Estonica 10, no. 13 (September 2016). In Estonian. Uses Frye’s theory of the cycle of literary modes from the First Essay of Anatomy of Criticism to interpret Ristikivi’s twelve historical novels. Valente, Francesca. “Northrop Frye the Teacher: Education and Literary Criticism.” In Lombardo, Ritratto, 349–55. On Frye’s view of the social function of the humanities and the other liberal arts. –  “Remembering Frye.” Ellipse: Texts littéraires canadiens en traduction/Canadian Writing in Translation 69 (Spring 2003): 62–4. Valente recalls first meeting Frye during the academic year 1976–7. She had been awarded a fellowship by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Canada Council towards an MA in Canadian literature, after having co-translated Fearful Symmetry for Longanesi Publishing House. “I thought I owed it to myself to meet the author of that book,” she said. But instead of meeting a “theoretician living secluded in an ivory tower,” as she had thought she might, “I found myself in front of a witty, warm-hearted teacher who firmly believed in the didactic effort and in the social implications of liberal education.” Valente, Luiz Fernando. “History, Fiction and National Identity in J.U. Robeiro’s An Invincible Memory and R. Coover’s The Public Burning.” Chasqui 40, no. 1 (2011): 80–95. Glances at Hayden White’s theory of the shapes of historical narratives, derived from Frye’s descriptions of the four basic mythoi. Valentina, Stîngă. “A Representation of Social Injustice in Victorian England: Charles Dickens’s Oliver Twist.” Limba și literatura—Repere Identitare în Context European 19 (2016): 173–8. “The writers of the New

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Testament regarded the Old Testament in terms of prefigurements of incidents in the life of Christ, so that everything that happens in the Old Testament is a type or adumbration of something in the New Testament and everything that happens in the New Testament is an antitype or realized form of something that the Old Testament foreshadows. The New Testament is presented as a key to, or an explanation of, the Old Testament. Israel is the type, Jesus the antitype. Just as Moses organizes the twelve tribes of Israel, so too does Jesus bring together twelve disciples. By crossing the Red Sea, Israel achieves its identity as a nation; when Jesus is baptized in the Jordan, he is recognized as the Son of God. The crossing is also a type of the Resurrection. It is precisely the mutual influence, of Biblical text upon literary rewriting, and of literary rewriting upon Biblical text, that has provoked much theoretical debate in recent years. To produce a viable theoretical model for this two-way exchange between the Bible and its literary progeny is both difficult and necessary.” Valentini, Maria. “Conflicting Notions of Time in Antony and Cleopatra.” Time & Society 27, no. 3 (November 2018): 350–62. “Time is on Caesar’s side; it is not simply, as Northrop Frye observes, that Octavius is luckier in a precise moment, but that his fortune is better synchronized with the natural course of events; the lack of respect for this natural order is what often determines Shakespearian tragedy.” Valero, Carles. Dialécticas de la novela moderna: Realismo y tipología narrativa en “Fortunata y Jacinta” [Dialectics of the Modern Novel: Realism and Narrative Typology in “Fortunata y Jacinta”]. Hispanic Review 83, no. 1 (Winter 2015): 77–98. In Spanish. “[I]n his study of literary genres, Northrop Frye proposes that the typological structure of the Bible responds precisely to the motive of recognition, organized around the moments of epiphany and revelation. . . . According to Frye, the Bible proposes a series of dialectical cycles based on the trope called ‘the epic of return,’ which can also be identified in romance. That is why this critic refers the figure of the messiah to the hero born in secret and lives apart from his parents and the world, waiting for the moment when he will become his redeemer. In both models the recognition motive is structurally essential and, in fact, in the New Testament there is not one but several scenes of anagnorisis in which Jesus is recognized as the son of God.” Valiukaitė, Asta. “Bibliniai Įvaizdžiai Šiuolaikiniame Lietuvos Teatre: Imitacija, Transformacija, Deformacija” [Biblical Images in Contemporary Lithuanian Theatre: Imitation, Transformation, Deformation]. LOGOS—A

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Journal of Religion, Philosophy, Comparative Cultural Studies and Art 64 (2010): 215–22. In Lithuanian. On Frye’s typological reading in Words with Power of the mystical marriage of Jesus and the church. Valldecabres, Daniel. “Una aplicación de la hermenéutica de Paul Ricoeur a la narrativa audiovisual: Mímesis y autoconocimento” [An Application of Paul Ricoeur’s Hermeneutics and Audiovisual Narrative: Mimesis and Self-knowledge]. Rilce, 35, no. 1 (2019): 295–309. In Spanish. Glances at several features of Frye’s theory of comic narrative as they apply to Frank Capra’s films. Vallée, Jean-François. Review of Menippean Satire Reconsidered, by Howard D. Weinbrot. Bryn Mawr Classical Review 40, no. 1 (2007). Says that Bakhtin “even surpasses Frye in creating a baggy genre [the Menippean satire] into which almost any work can be made to fit.” Valpy, Michael. “CBC Producer’s Life Was Steeped in the Arts: Born into the Patrician Massey Family, the Ardent Nationalist Worked with Northrop Frye and Befriended Glenn Gould.” Globe and Mail (11 June 2014). Obituary for Vincent Massey Tovell, who “directed and produced television documentaries ranging from a complex postcolonial scrutiny of the country with scholar Northrop Frye and a penetrating 1967 centennial-year examination of Canada’s environmental, technological and political future.” van Alstyne, Jennifer. “Wives and Daughters: Social Acceptance and Agency in Chapman, Jonson, and Marston’s Eastward Ho.” Appositions: Studies in Renaissance/Early Modern Literature & Culture 10 (2017): 31–43. “The past decade or so has seen a resurgence of interest in Jonson’s lesser studied works including articles on Eastward Ho from Emily Isaacson, Theodora Jankowski, Shona McIntosh, David W. Kay, and Maren L. Donley. . . . Isaacson argues that the servant role, after Northrop Frye’s dolosus servus, is central to the city comedy.” van Cattenburch, Iris Hanna Casteren. “The Globe Sustained: Shakespeare’s Allegory for Sustainable Development.” Futures 87 (2017): 24–36. “A third characteristic of allegory is that there is something ‘unlimited’ in it, as Northrop Frye remarked. There is no question of one indisputable outcome. Although facts speak for themselves—the number of deaths in Hamlet is nine—the question if Hamlet’s choices were correct or not, if ‘to be or not to be’ really is a question, or if Hamlet’s successor Fortinbras heralds a better future, is debatable. Shakespeare provides his audience with practical handles to think about motives, reasons,

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actions of and consequences for the characters and their sphere of influence.” van den Berg, Klaus. “The Performative and Social Signification of Genre.” In Wagner’s “Meistersinger”: Performance, History, Representation, ed. Nicholas Vazsonyi. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press, 2003. Employs Frye’s model of comic discourse to analyse Sachs as the opera’s catalyst for the development of the new artist and Beckmesser as “the blocking character.” Van der Weele, Steve J. “Lambent Ironies and Laughing Praise in Erasmus’ Praise of Folly.” Canadian Journal of Netherlandic Studies/Revue Canadienne d’Études Neerlandaises 14, no. 1 (Spring 1993): 29–35. Application of Frye’s theories. van der Ziel, Tjirk. “Frye’s Theory of Primary Concerns in News and Journalism.” Paper presented at Educating the Imagination: A Conference in Honour of Northrop Frye on the Centenary of His Birth. University of Toronto, 4–6 October 2013. Van Dyke, Carolynn. The Fiction of Truth: Structures of Meaning in Narrative and Dramatic Allegory. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2019. Notes Frye’s view of allegory as formulated in Anatomy of Criticism and elsewhere. van Deventer, H.J.M. (Hans). “Literary Lions with Real Bite: Re-examining the Intertextual Rhetoric in Daniel 6.” Old Testament Essays (New Series) 28, no. 3 (2015): 832–46. “In his search for archetypes in literature, which he equates with ‘a kind of literary anthropology,’ Northrop Frye notes that literature is informed by a number of pre-literary categories, and explicitly refers to ritual, myth and folk tale. These categories need not be seen as separate strands of different later literary products, but, as in the case of the Book of Daniel, these categories in combination may be viewed as informing the final product.” van Es, Bart. “Time.” In Shakespeare’s Comedies: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 2016. Draws on Frye’s essay “The Argument of Comedy.” Van Goidsenhoven, Leni. “‘Autie-Biographies’: Life Writing Genres and Strategies from an Autistic Perspective.” Journal of Language, Literature and Culture 28 (July 2017): 1–17. Van Neck Yoder, Hilda. “Conclusion.” In Dramatizations of Social Change: Herman Heijermans’ Plays as Compared with Selected Dramas by Ibsen, Hauptmann and Chekhov. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1978.

69–73. “All these plays are written in what Northrop Frye calls the second phase of the mythos of comedy, which ‘in its simplest form, is a comedy in which the hero does not transform a humorous society but simply escapes or runs away from it, leaving its structure as it was before.’” Van Nie, Johannes. “A Note on Frye and Philo: Philosophy and the Revealed Word.” In Donaldson and Mendelson, Frye and the Word, 164–72. Compares Frye’s typological practice to Philo’s. Van Orum, William. “Northrop Frye and Mental Health.” American Mental Health Foundation Weblog. http:// americanmentalhealthfoundation.org/entry.php?id=393. Posted 21 July 2012. Hopes that psychology and literary criticism will continue to explore the goals they have in common. Van Rutten, Pierre. “Northrop Frye et la littérature” [Northrop Frye and Literature]. Etudes Canadiennes/ Studies in Canada 6 (1979): 136–56; rpt. in Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich 24, no. 2 (1981): 61–80. In French. van Vuuren, Marijke. “Good Grief: Lord of the Flies as a Post-war Rewriting of Salvation History.” Literator 25, no. 2 (August 2004): 1–25. Examines the often paradoxical symbolism of Golding’s novel, using Frye’s phases of anagogic myth, with its poles of apocalyptic and demonic imagery. Vaninskaya, Anna. “The Late-Victorian Romance Revival: A Generic Excursus.” English Literature in Transition, 1880–1920 51, no. 1 (2008): 57–79. On the futility of such attempts to define romance as those by Frye, Derek Brewer, and Gillian Beer. Varale, Alessio Cerreia. Review of the Italian translation of Eleazar Moiseevič Meletinskij, Archetipi letterari: Enthymema 17 (2017): 323–6. In Italian. On the literary archetype in the works of Meletinskij. Vargas-Iglesias, Juan J. “Making Sense of Genre: The Logic of Video Game Genre Organization.” Games and Culture: A Journal of Interactive Media 15, no. 2 (2018): 158–78. Vasadi, Zsófia. “The Japanese Setting in the 2006 Film Adaptation of As You Like It: Kenneth Branagh’s Japanese (G)arden.” Orpheus Noster: A KRE Eszme-, Kultúr-, és Vallástörténeti Folyóirata 4 (2017): 35–51. “Shakespeare’s comedies often explore the tension between the city and nature, where escaping the bonds of civilised society provides love and solutions to the characters’ problems. This tension between the city and nature is one of the elements in Shakespeare’s reception which is really alien to mainstream traditions of Japanese culture. Though critics rarely suggest this

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is a reason for not being able to applaud the setting of the film, it is worth mentioning. Because of the setting, and because of how Japanese people traditionally relate to Nature, Northrop Frye’s theory of the Green world seems problematic for this adaptation. Frye describes the forests of the Green world comedies as places where people escape from cities in order to get rid of the boundaries of civilisation.” Vasconcelos, Sandra Guardini Teixeira. “O gume da ironia em Machado de Assis e Jane Austen” [The Edge of Irony in Machado de Assis and Jane Austen]. Machado Assis Linha 7, no. 14 (June–December 2014). http://dx.doi. org/10.1590/S1983-68212014000200010. The novel opens its devices and transforms narrative events in a systematic space of anatomy, in the sense given to it by Robert Burton in The Anatomy of Melancholy (1621), defined by Northrop Frye as “a dissection or analysis [which] expresses very precisely the intellectualized approach of its form,” the paradigmatic example of which is Sterne’s Tristram Shandy. Vattamány, Gyula. “Northrop Frye mint az univerzális kritika-tudomány apologétája” [Northrop Frye is the Apologist for a Universal Scientific Criticism]. Holmi 11, no. 1 (January 1999): 132–7. In Hungarian. Review of Frye’s works published in English. Vautier, Marie. “Northrop Frye, Literature, and Myth.” New World Myth: Postmodernism and Postcolonialism in Canadian Fiction. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1998. 15–23. On Frye’s alleged waning reputation as a myth critic. Vega, Mario Alejandro Molano. “Valorar o no valorar, ¿es esa la cuestión? Sobre una ilustrativa polémica entre Northrop Frye y Harold Bloom” [Value or No Value, Is That the Question? On an Illustrative Polemic between Northrop Frye and Harold Bloom]. Literatura: Teoría, Historia, Crítica 10 (2010): 37–70. In Spanish. Reviews the critical theories of Frye and Bloom in order to analyse the issue of the evaluative function of criticism. Velaidum, Joe. “From Authority to Freedom: Northrop Frye and Education as Cultural Process.” International Journal of the Humanities 2, no. 3 (2014): 81–108. http:// billcope.cgpublisher.com/product/pub.26/prod.386. Explores Frye’s model for education as a via media—a middle way in between the postmodern and traditional ideas, leading to a more integrated conception of liberal education today. Ultimately, we will see that education is a cultural ideal that seeks to liberate the mind from the tyranny of ideology, and as such it needs to be as inclusive as possible without ignoring tradition and authority.

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–  “Northrop Frye and the Quest for Transcendence.” In Tradition and Formation: Claiming an Inheritance: Essays in Honour of Peter C. Erb, ed. Michel Dejardins and Harold Remus. Kitchener, ON: Pandora Press, 2008. –  “Typology and Theology in Northrop Frye’s Biblical Hermeneutics.” Literature & Theology: An International Journal of Religion, Theory, and Culture 17, no. 2 (June 2003): 156–69. On Frye’s literary interpretation of the Bible, which is based on typology and is therefore, Frye’s claims to the contrary, theological. –  “Towards Reconciling the Solitudes.” In Kee, Northrop Frye and the Afterlife of the Word, 23–37. In order to foster a dialogue between biblical and literary scholars, examines the epistemology that underlies Frye’s thought and the way it shapes his understanding of God and the Bible. Vendler, Helen. “Frye’s Endymion: Myth, Ethics, and Literary Description.” In Lee and Denham, Legacy, 201– 12. A critique of Frye’s reading of Keats’s Endymion, and yet Frye’s interpretation of Keats goes beyond the limitations of his misreading. Ventura, Héliane. “Introduction: The Transatlantic Short Story.” Journal of the Short Story in English (Autumn 2013) 1–6. “In an early move to come to terms with the spatialization of literature, Northrop Frye proposed, in 1952, a theory of cultural containment destined to define literary production in Canada in contradistinction with that of the United States. The theory is well known and has been quoted repeatedly; it is still a part of Canada’s perception of itself and still deserves to be cited in extenso, if only because of its historical value, especially in the context of transatlantic studies.” (author’s introduction) Verenich, Vadim. “The Case of Lauris Kaplinski: A Guide to a Semiotic Reading of Incitement of Hatred in Modern Criminal Justice.” Signs and Society 1, no. 2 (September 2013): 213–41. Notes the concept of mythos has been extended by Robin West (see below), “who has drawn parallels between Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism and classic legal theories seen as aesthetic objects. Distinguishing four ‘organizations’ of archetypal symbolism in literature, Frye sees works of literature as lying somewhere on a continuum between being plot driven, as in most fiction, and idea driven, as in essays and lyrical poetry. In brief, Frye begins exploring organizations of archetypal symbols (subdivided into tragic and comic poles) in each mode and ends with a similar discussion of thematic literature. Myth is the first of three organizations of archetypal symbols.”

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Verma, K.D. “Mulk Raj Anand: A Reappraisal.” South Asian Review 15, no. 12 (1991): 1–11. Rpt. in The Indian Imagination. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. 83–103. Draws on Frye’s The Critical Path. Vermillion, Mary. “The Uses of Tragedy: A Thousand Acres and American Exceptionalism.” Lit: Literature Interpretation Theory 25, no. 2 (April 2014): 151–73. Vespieren, Patrick. “La Bible et la littérature, de Northrop Frye.” Études 363, no. 4 (October 1985): 401. In French. Vessey, Mark. “Reading Like Angels: Derrida and Augustine on the Book (for a History of Literature).” In Augustine and Postmodernism: Confession and Circumfession, ed. John D. Caputo. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2005. 116–17. On Frye’s view of the Bible. Vetter, Maria Alicia. “The Spanish Picaresque and the Birth of the Bourgeois Subject.” Social Theory Applied (17 January 2005). http://socialtheoryapplied. com/2015/01/17/spanish-picaresque-birth-bourgeoissubject/. Frye “situated the beginnings of the low mimetic mode in English literature, with Defoe. This mode coincided with, or was brought about by, the upsurge of the middle classes. The low mimetic hero, somebody equal to us, with tragedies similar to those lived by middle-class folks, appealed to classes trying to gain hegemony. Similarly, the novel became the appropriate vehicle to reflect middle-class life. . . . What then of the Spanish Picaresque novel making its first appearance in the middle of the sixteenth century? If we are to accept Frye’s historical organization of the different modes, why would the low mimetic mode appear in Spain roughly one and a half centuries before it did in England? And why would this particular genre exhibit some of the characteristics of the ironic mode?” Veugen, Connie. ‘“A Man, Lean, Dark, Tall’: Aragorn Seen through Different Media.” In Reconsidering Tolkien. Zollikofen, Switzerland: Walking Tree Publishers, 2005. 171–209. “The release of the Peter Jackson film trilogy has renewed interest in both the original Lord of the Rings by Tolkien and in old and new adaptations of the book. Because of the film the character of Aragorn has, at least for the present-day film-going audience, become a prominent figure in Tolkien’s Lord of the Rings. In this article I will illustrate how Aragorn is portrayed in the original work and how his character is shown in other versions across several media. As every medium has its own narrative techniques and technical limitations I will use theories by Wendy Doniger and Northrop Frye to establish the fundamental elements of Aragorn’s character. These will then be used to examine how

well every adaptation has succeeded in portraying the essence of the character.” Via, Dan O. The Parables: Their Literary and Existential Dimension. Philadelphia. Fortress Press, 1967. 70–109 and passim. Uses Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism, especially its theories of modes and myths to help argue that the parables of Jesus are genuine aesthetic objects. Vickers, Brian. Towards Greek Tragedy: Drama, Myth, Society. London: Longman, 1973. 169–70. On Frye’s concepts of tragedy and myth. Vickery, John B. “Literary Criticism and Myth: AngloAmerican Critics.” In Literary Criticism and Myth (Yearbook of Comparative Criticism, vol. 9), ed. Joseph P. Strelka. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1980. 210–37 [218–20]. Looks at the claims of Frye and other critics that the identification of myth and literature is not necessary for myth criticism and that myth does not assert true or false propositions. Vidaković, Milan. “Irony Called into Question: Don Quixote’s Alazon and Eiron.” Papers on Language & Literature 53, no. 2 (Spring 2017): 166–90. Applies Frye’s terms for the character types alazon and eiron to Don Quixote and Sancho Panza respectively. Vierașu, Nicoleta (Ivan). “Elemente de sintaxă a discursului la profeţii biblici (Isaia, Ieremia) şi la Ion Heliade Rădulescu” [Syntax Elements of Speech in Biblical Prophets (Isaiah, Jeremiah) and Ion Heliade Rădulescu]. Studia Universitatis Septentrionis. Theologia Orthodoxa 1 (2013): 29–51. In Romanian. Glances at Frye’s typological method of reading the Christian Bible. Vilahomat, José Ramón. “Sátira híbrida y sujeto menipeo: La literatura cubana y latinoamericana actua” [Hybrid Satire and Menippean Subject: Cuban and Latin American Narrative Action]. Espéculo: Revista de Estudios Literarios 44 (March–June 2010): n.p.. In Spanish. Considers a new trend in contemporary Latin-American literature that parodies minor genres such as science fiction, crime fiction, and others, under the mental attitude of Menippean satire. Taking into consideration the studies of Bakhtin and Frye, and with the benefit of new approaches such as those of Joel C. Relihan and Carter Kaplan, Vilahomat considers Menippean satire as an instrument for analysing the process of language and narrative constructs. Vilhena, Guilherme Mazzafera S. “Wystan Hugh Auden, leitor de Tolkien: Demanda heroica, realismo e imaginação” [Wystan Hugh Auden, Reader of Tolkien: Heroic Demand, Realism, and Imagination]. In A Subcriação de Mundos, ed. Cristina Casagrande, Diego

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Genu Klautau, and Maria Zilda da Cunha. São Paulo: FFLCH/USP, 2019. 135–62. In Portuguese. Notes that the imagination, according to Frye, is a power that can broaden the idea of tolerance. Viljoen, Hein. “Kreolisering van die wêreldletterkunde by D.J. Opperman” [Creolization of World Literature by D.J. Opperman]. Litnet Akademies: ‘n Joernaal vir die Geesteswetenskappe, Natuurwetenskappe, Regte en Godsdienswetenskappe 15, no. 2 (2018): 137–61. In Afrikaans. “Equally oblivious to the colonial problems, Opperman’s creolizings of the Great Code, as Northrop Frye called it, look like the Bible as a very important work in world literature.” Villadsen, Lisa Storm. “Genrebegrebet og retorisk kritik” [The Concept of Genre and Rhetorical Criticism]. Rhetorica Scandinavica 18 (2001): 36–49. In Danish. Glances at Frye on genre and rhetorical criticism, which is the material in Essay Four of Anatomy of Criticism. Villano, Davis. “Let’s Get Dragy: An Analysis of CrossDressing, Drag Queens, Queer Theory, and Ironic Comedy.” Confluence: Writing, Art and Research from NYU Gallatin. http://confluence.gallatin.nyu.edu/ sections/research/lets-get-dragy. On how drag fits and does not fit into Frye’s theory of comedy. Villanueva, Darío. “Possibilities and Limits of Comparative Literature Today.” Comparative Literature and Culture Web 13, no. 5 (2011). Special issue, New Trends in Iberian Galician Comparative Literature. http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent. cgi?article=1915&context=clcweb. “For some time now, apocalyptic winds have been blowing among the sharpest of the seers interested in the concept of the literary system and this perception became especially virulent in the areas where deconstruction damaged the academic status of the study of literature after spreading the idea that creative writing, far from being ‘eminent’ writing— full of ‘real presences’ (Steiner), of meanings with operative scope for our society and our civilization— had been broken to pieces resulting in no more than disembodied echoes. Like Said, Harold Bloom and George Steiner shared this pessimism on US-American campuses, as did Northrop Frye years before them and who expressed his concern about the power of electronic media distorting the processes of education by offering a torrent of information and experiences with, at best, a remote possibility of fostering a genuine understanding of what should concern us all, that is, the very myths of the human condition which speak to our main preoccupations—primal urges from food to sex, even to freedom—as well as our ideological preoccupations.”

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Vincelette, Elizabeth. “Genre, Database, and the Anatomy of the Digital Archive.” Tech Tonics (17 June 2009). http://techtonicsblog.blogspot.com/. Uses Frye’s definition of the anatomy to study digital archives, noting that the anatomy, according to Frye, is characterized by proliferating lists, the mixing of prose and non-prose forms, and self-reflexivity. Vincent, Norah. “The French Fried.” The Village Voice (29 February 2000). On a lecture by Camile Paglia. “She made a dizzying array of references—from Walt Whitman, William Blake, and Emerson, to Martha Graham, Lenny Bruce, and the blues, pausing to include works like Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism. “Frye demonstrated what vital theory should look like: hypotheses and conclusions based on hard evidence and a wealth of solid detail drawn from a mastery of literature and presented in a lucid, accessible style.” Virany, Margaret. “A Good Read about a Great Man: Northrop Frye: Margaret Atwood’s (and My) Teacher.” cosybooksbasics (14 November 2012). https://cozybookbasics.wordpress. com/2012/11/14/a-good-read-about-a-great-man/. –  “Northrop Frye’s Genius: The Reincarnation of Blake and Aristotle. Nobody Could Ever Doubt Norrie’s Love.” cozybooksbasics (21 August 2012). http:// cozybookbasics.wordpress.com/2012/08/21/northropfryes-genius-the-reincarnation-of-blake-and-aristotlenobody-could-ever-doubt-norries-love/. For the archive for all of Virany’s posts on Frye, see https:// cozybookbasics.wordpress.com/tag/northrop-frye/. Vishvapani. “Harold Bloom: The Embattled Canon and the Experiential Critic.” Review of The Western Canon by Harold Bloom. Western Buddhist Review (19 October 2019). “Bloom is fond of invoking the ghosts of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century critics such as Leigh Hunt, Walter Pater and Oscar Wilde, men of letters rather than specialists. In this century Bloom identifies himself with just a few critical peers in the highly individual voices of William Empson, G. Wilson Knight, Northrop Frye, and Kenneth Burke. The critic must be as original and powerful a thinker as the writer he is attempting to comprehend. https:// thebuddhistcentre.com/westernbuddhistreview/ harold-bloom-embattled-canon-and-experiential-critic. Vita, Saverio. Review of Wandering through Guilt: The Cain Archetype in the Twentieth-Century Novel by Paola Di Gennaro. Between 6, no. 12 (2016). Vitiello, Guido. La commedia dell’innocenza: Una congettura sulla detective story [The Comedy of Innocence: A Conjecture on the Detective Story]. Rome:

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Luca Sosella Editore, 2008. In Italian. Draws on Frye’s notion that the detective story is a ritual drama in which “we play to the sacrifice.” The detective, officiant of the rite, identifies a “pharmakos,” a scapegoat, and returns innocence to a community contaminated by crime. Vitoux, Pierre. “The Mode of Romance Revisited.” Texas Studies in Language and Literature 49, no. 4 (Winter 2007): 387–410. An analysis of Frye’s theory of romance as presented in Anatomy of Criticism. Argues that the developments that properly concern the mode of romance follow the presentation of each of the mimetic modes, continuously produced in reaction against the specific norms of the world of the other modes. Vlad, Melnic. “The Remediation of the Epic in Digital Games: The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim.” American, British and Canadian Studies Journal 30, no. 1 (2018): 153–70. “This paper examines whether certain computer games, most notably RPGs [Role-Playing Games], can be thought of as examples of the postmodern epic. Drawing on more recent critical frameworks of the epic, such as the ones proposed by Northrop Frye, Adeline Johns-Putra, Catherine Bates or John Miles Foley, the demonstration disembeds the most significant diachronic features of the epic from its two main media of reproduction, that of text and oral transmission, in order to test their fusion with the virtual environment of digital games.” Vlad, PaulaAndrea. “Cultural Identity in Henry James’ Works: The Canadian Critic Northrop Frye’s Concepts Applied.” Paper presented at the 3rd International Conference in Canadian Studies: Migration, Globalization, Hybridity: Canadian and Croatian Experiences, Zagreb, Croatia, 21–23 May 2010. Vlăduţescu, Ştefan. “Convergence of Dao with the Apophatism.” Postmodern Openings 1 (2018): 129–46. The apostle Paul speaks of a “moment of enlightenment” (2 Corinthians 12), defined by two extraordinary things. First, the strong feeling of a totally dissolute self, one who cannot tell if the experience of enlightenment has happened to him or another. Second, he does not have the certainty that he would find himself “in the flesh.” The apostle has some hesitation in confessing his experience, mainly because of the powerful discovery: his desire is to awaken the world as a whole. In his sense, personal enlightenment is useful because it can be contagious. Enlightenment consists “of hearing words that cannot be said and which man is not allowed to utter.” In Frye’s opinion “experience seems to be that of a nonlanguage, which he has heard and to a certain extent understood, but which he cannot interpret in the categories of ordinary language.”

Voelz, Johannes. Review of The Pound Reaction: Liberalism and Lyricism in Midcentury American Literature by Andrew F. Gross. Anglia 136, no. 4 (2018): 768–71. “Gross points out that leading critics of the postwar consensus, including Northrop Frye, Lionel Trilling, and M.H. Abrams, repeatedly cited John Stuart Mill’s 1833 distinction between eloquence (heard) and poetry (overheard). ‘Poetry,’ Mill had written, ‘is feeling confessing itself to itself, in moments of solitude.’ Poetry proper, from this vantage, was the art of the private and personal: in short, it was lyrical.” Volkova, Elena. “The Salvation Story in Russian Literature.” Literature & Theology 20, no. 1 (March 2006): 31–45. Volkova, Olga. “The Beheading Game in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.” NTU Studies in Language and Literature 18 (December 2007): 91–116. Focuses on genre-specific idiosyncrasies of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and The Green Helmet, based on Frye’s five fictional modes. Von Hendy, Andrew. “Northrop Frye’s Archetypal Criticism: Myth and Union of Rite and Dream.” In The Modern Construction of Myth. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2001. 169–177. Treats Frye’s theory of myth as one of several neo-Romantic versions of such theory. –  “A Poetics for Demogorgon: Northrop Frye and Contemporary Criticism.” Criticism 8 (Fall 1966): 318–35. An exploration of the romantic assumptions underlying Frye’s poetics. Seeks to uncover the “modern” or romantic complex of ideas that provides the framework for Frye’s literary theory. Discovers a number of these, many of which are conflicting, or at least potentially contradictory. Frye’s theory, with its flair for irony and its dialectical opposites, is a reflection of the deep tensions in nineteenth-century poetics. Vukćević, Radojka. “Poetika mitologizovanja i Northrop Fraj” [Northrop Frye and the Poetics of Mythology]. In Motiv Većitog Povratka u Istoriji i Književnosti [The Motif of the Eternal Return in History and Literature]. Belgrade, 1966. 95–9. On Frye’s place in the poetics of mythologizing and the significance of archetypal criticism for understanding literature as a system. Vuković, Krešimir. Review of Aspects of Mysticism: Platonic Mysticism, Contemplative Science, Philosophy, Literature, and Art, by Arthur Versluis. Classical Review 69, no. 1 (April 2019): 61–3. “Chapter 5 seeks to present ways in which literature can be read as mystical in the sense that it points to the One as inherent in both the knower and the known, blurs boundaries between

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‘us’ and ‘them’ and enables a nondualistic empathy. Northrop Frye features prominently because of his division of types of literature based on levels of unity in the work from ‘total metaphorical identification’ to ‘isolated objects.’ Here mystical subjectivity comes to the fore as Versluis admits his belief that the concept of divine inspiration in creativity comes from the artist’s ability to convey the ‘realm beyond us.’” Vulpe, Nicola. “Dudek on Frye or, Not a Poet’s Poetics.” Revista Española de Estudios Canadienses 1 (October 1992): 380–91. Rpt. in Canadian Literature 136 (Spring 1993): 101–13. On Louis Dudek’s critique of Frye’s critical system. Vygnanska, Iryna Rymyak. “Intertextualité biblique et la traduction” [Biblical Intertextuality and Translation] Buletin Stiintific, seria A, Fascicula Filologie 1 (2019): 119–38. Frye tends to frown on those who do not accept the Bible as a source of civilization and culture. W Wächter, Magda. “A Totalitarian Anti-Utopia.” Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai-Philologia 3 (2013): 113–18. Remarks that utopia itself has a “meta-empirical” character and represents, in Northrop Frye’s terms, a “speculative myth,” which proposes an implicit teleology. Wack, Gary. “The Archetypal Hero Quest Myth and Northrop Frye.” https://www.academia.edu/264577/ The_Archetypal_Hero_Quest_Myth_and_Northrop_ Frye. Couples Frye’s account of the quest myth with the theories of that myth found in Carl Jung, Ernst Cassirer, James Frazer, Joseph Campbell, and Hippocrates. Wade, Clyde G. “Comedy in Book VI of The Faerie Queene.” Arlington Quarterly 2, no. 4 (1970): 90–104. “Clarification through release in Spenser’s romantic comedy of legend of courtesy.” Wade, W. Patrick. “‘The Living Room War’ in the Escalation Period: Romance, Irony, and the Narrative Ambivalence of Tragedy in Vietnam War Era Photojournalism.” Media, War & Conflict 8, no. 3 (2015): 312–28. Drawing on Frye’s taxonomy of stories, “the author examines the visual narratives present in this photo-essay as well as audience reactions, and argues that the ambivalent juxtaposition of romantic and ironic conventions for telling tragic stories allowed Vietnam era photojournalism to be used to support arguments on either side of the debate.” Waggoner, Diana. The Hills of Faraway: A Guide to Fantasy. New York: Atheneum, 1978. A study and

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bibliography of modern fantasy novels and stories, concentrating on books that have taken on somewhat classic proportions, but examining others as well. Chapter 1 defines fantasy as a type of modern literature, establishing certain set subgenres, using terminology derived from J.R.R. Tolkien’s “On Fairy-Stories” and Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism. Wagner, Geoffrey. “American Literary Criticism: The Continuing Heresy.” Southern Review [Australia] 3, no. 1 (1968): 82–9. Says Frye is one of the American critics who illustrate the superiority of American to British criticism. Wagner, Sven. “A Combination of Tragedy, Comedy, and Theological Allegory: Margaret Atwood’s Creation of a New Type in Oryx and Crake.” In The Scientist as God. Heidelberg: Heidelberg University Press, 2012. 163–95. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism, vol. 382, ed. Lawrence J. Trudeau. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale. Relies throughout on Frye’s view of comic themes and other Frygean conventions in discussing Atwood’s novel. Wakely-Mulroney, Katherine. “Opal Whiteley’s Spell of Words.” Texas Studies in Literature and Language 61, no. 2, (Summer 2019): 141–67. Notes Frye’s calling attention to the relationship between spelling and symbolism. –  “Riddling the Catechism in Early Children’s Literature.” Review of English Studies 70, no. 294 (April 2019): 272–90. “For Northrop Frye, the riddle ‘represents the revolt of the intelligence against the hypnotic power of commanding words,’ demanding a reader who is intellectually active rather than acquiescent.” Walker, Cody. “Mid-January” [a poem]. Light 70–71 (Autumn 2010): 77. “Season of satire, says Northrop Frye. / See the pine trees, needling the sky.” Walker, Craig Stewart. The Buried Astrolabe: Canadian Dramatic Imagination and Western Tradition. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2001. In his chapter on James Reaney’s plays, notes the influence of Frye on Reaney—and vice versa. –  “Canadian Drama and the Nationalist Impulse.” In Oxford Handbook of Canadian Literature, ed. Cynthia Sugars. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2015. –  “Northrop Frye Newsletter.” Journal of Canadian Studies 25, no. 2 (Summer 1990): 175–7. –  “Of Janus, Job and ‘J’: A Review of Words with Power.” Northrop Frye Newsletter 3, no. 2 (Spring 1991): 32–5. –  “Religious Experience in the Work of Frye.” In Lee and Denham, Legacy, 40–58. Focuses on three early

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“religious” experiences in Frye’s life and how they influenced his later work. Walker, Jonathan. “Reading Materiality: The Literary Critical Treatment of Physical Texts.” Renaissance Drama 41, nos. 1–2 (2013): 199–232. An examination of “The Book of Iohn A kent & Iohn a Cumber,” a play that survives from the early modern period only in manuscript. The play conforms to the standard projection and resolution of New Comedy: lovers thwarted by one or more senex figures are eventually outwitted by a younger generation in order for a new social unit and unity to be realized. Frye says in “The Argument of Comedy” that in New Comedy “marriage is the tonic chord on which it ends.” But, as the play’s early resolution scene illustrates, the working out of the lovers’ problems does not necessarily make all well, so “I would add to Frye’s formulation that marriage is not only the ‘tonic chord’ but also the contract that makes such a resolution binding—in other words, comedic marriage prevents frustrated fathers or mischievous magicians from further exercising their wills over young lovers.” Walker, Michael. “Three Major Predecessors.” In Modern Ghost Melodramas: “What Lies Beneath.” Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2017. “Fairy-tale worlds and ghost worlds share crucial common features. On Northrop Frye’s five modes of literary fiction, both belong in the second category, romance, where ‘the ordinary laws of nature are slightly suspended.’” Walker, Micheline. “Molière’s Tartuffe & Northrop Frye.” Micheline’s Blog. http://michelinewalker. com/2014/07/21/molieres-tartuffe-northrop-frye/. “Frye describes comedy as we know it. It is a genre where a young couple, or young couples, have to overcome obstacles, in order to marry. They are usually opposed by a pater familias, descendent of the heavy father of Roman New Comedy (Plautus and Terence), to the more buffoon-like stock characters of the commedia dell’arte. Usually the young lovers (Mariane and Valère) are helped by servants, suivant-e-s, valets, confidente-s, friends, siblings, a mother (Elmire) or, at times, an avuncular (good uncle) figure such as Le Tartuffe’s Cléante. (Le Tartuffe or Tartuffe is the title of the play and Tartuffe, the name of the impostor who goes to prison at the end of the play). In Le Tartuffe, we have a complete cast. –  “Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism: An Inspiration.” Micheline’s Blog. http://michelinewalker. com/2012/01/07/northrop-fryes-anatomy-of-criticisman-inspiration/. On the ideas in Frye’s theory of comedy that have inspired her to write about Molière.

Walker, Shirley. “Romancer and Anatomist. A Long and Winding Road: Xavier Herbert’s Literary Journey by Sean Monahan.” Australian Book Review (September 2003): 57. A review of Monahan’s book about Xavier Herbert. “Many critics have judged Herbert’s Poor Fellow My Country on the grounds of its failure to comply with the traditional pattern of the novel. Monahan proposes different criteria, those outlined by Northrop Frye in his Anatomy of Criticism. Frye considered the term ‘novel’ as applicable to only one form of prose fiction, the others being ‘confession’, ‘romance’ and ‘anatomy.’ Poor Fellow My Country, according to Monahan, combines elements of confession, high romance, and anatomy.” Walker-Jones, Arthur. “‘Words with Power’ for Social Transformation: An Anatomy of Biblical Criticism for Theological Education.” Teaching Theology & Religion 11, no. 2 (April 2008): 75–81. https://onlinelibrary.wiley. com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1467-9647.2008.00406.x. Argues that Frye’s work is useful for teaching the existential meaning and social impact of the Bible. Wallace, Mark I. “Come Suck Sequoia and Be Saved.” When God Was a Bird: Christianity, Animism, and the Re-Enchantment of the World. New York: Fordham University Press, 2019. “In The Great Code: The Bible and Literature, the humanities scholar Northrop Frye argues that the Bible generates the ‘mythological universe’ within which Western civilization has operated. He writes that all fields of human thought and endeavor in the West have been shaped by the Bible. Read as a literary whole, the Bible provides the root metaphors and narrative structure for conceptualizing the meaning and truth of all facets of reality. From physics, cosmology, and psychology to literature, music, and art, the Bible functions as the orienting cognitive framework for understanding space and time, the purpose of biological existence, the meaning of the inner life, the importance of family, the role of violence in forming culture, the nature of morality, and the shape of things to come. Frye does not argue that this ‘great code’ is scientifically sound, historically accurate, ethically praiseworthy, or even religiously true. His case for the centrality of the Bible in history and the present day is descriptive and analytical, not advocatory and evangelistic.” Wallart, Kerry-Jane. “Unstable Narrative Voices and the Irrelevance of Fiction in The Famished Road” [by Ben Okri]. Commonwealth: Essays and Studies 35, no. 2 (Spring 2013): 91–100. “Such an oscillation both forecloses and raises the issue of the satire, a genre based on a clear-cut distinction between an individual viewpoint and that of a group. I shall not dwell on the

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concept of satire but wish briefly to quote Frye to show to what extent his definition rings true in the ear of Okri’s reader: ‘Satire demands at least a token fantasy, a content which the reader recognizes as grotesque, and at least an implicit moral standard.’ There remains an opposition in the distribution of space between the inside and the outside which recalls Okri’s position as an author, both ‘inside and outside of realism.’” Wang, Li. “An Archetypal Analysis of Sherwood Anderson’s Winesburg, Ohio.” Journal of Panzhihua University 1 (2010). In Chinese. Wang, Mei-Chuen. “Landscape and History in Jane Urquhart’s Away.” British Journal of Canadian Studies 31, no. 2 (2018): 181–94. “This article proposes to read the landscape in Jane Urquhart’s Away both as a stratigraphy of memories and as a cultural medium that not only symbolises power relations but also works as an agent of power. Through investigating the dehistoricised and decontextualised landscape in Northrop Frye’s garrison mentality, the article argues that Away refuses to participate in the colonialist operation of reducing the Canadian topography to terra nullius by raising the issue of amnesia and restoring the trauma of history to the landscape that has been emptied of its layered past for (re-)territorialisation.” –  “Wilderness, the West and the National Imaginary in Guy Vanderhaeghe’s The Englishman’s Boy.” British Journal of Canadian Studies 26, no. 1 (2013): 21–38. Examines Frye’s image of the garrison in the wider context of the North American West in The Englishman’s Boy. Vanderhaeghe’s “appropriation of the conventions of the Western lays bare the underpinning ideologies of the genre, especially imperialist assumptions about wilderness and the role that genre and wilderness play in American and Canadian national mythologies.” Wang, Ning. “Frye’s Legacy: Toward a Dialogic Interaction between Comparative Literature and Cultural Studies.” Paper presented at Educating the Imagination: A Conference in Honour of Northrop Frye on the Centenary of His Birth. University of Toronto, 4–6 October 2013. –  “A New Exploration into Northrop Frye: On the Dialogic Relations between Literary and Cultural Studies.” Foreign Literature Studies 35, no. 5 (October 2013): 61–8. In Chinese. “For quite a long time, Northrop Frye’s academic reputation was based on his myth-archetypal critical theory. But in fact, according to the most recent development in international Frye studies, this critical mode has long become a historical

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phenomenon. Then where does Frye’s significance to the present era lie? The present author holds that although Frye’s legacy lies in these areas: (elite) British literature studies, (postcolonial) Canadian literature studies, myth studies, religious and cultural studies. His significance for present forms of academic inquiry lies in his cultural studies of literature. He never goes to the extreme; he always keeps open a dialogic relation between literary and cultural studies.” (author’s abstract) –  “Northrop Frye and Cultural Studies.” In Jean O’Grady and Wang Ning, Northrop Frye, 82–91, and in Wang Ning and O’Grady, New Directions, 57–74. Explores Frye’s connections with poststructual critical currents. –  “Northrop Frye as a Pioneering Figure in Contemporary Cultural Studies.” Foreign Literatures 3 (2001). In Chinese. –  “Northrop Frye on Canada and Post-Colonial Literature.” Jiangxi Social Sciences Journal 5 (2004). In Chinese. –  “Northrop Frye’s Legacy: Toward a Dialogic Interaction between Literary and Cultural Studies.” ARIEL: A Review of International English Literature 43, no. 4 (October 2012): 147–60. Frye scholars think that his legacy lies in the four fields he engaged: British literary studies, Canadian (postcolonial) literature, myth studies, and religious and culture studies. But these are far from covering all of Frye’s contributions to literary and cultural theory. One of his important legacies is his border-crossing studies of literature, which are close to cultural studies in general. From a Chinese perspective, Wang discusses (1) the relationship between comparative literature studies and cultural studies, (2) Frye’s efforts to push Canadian literature from the periphery to the centre, and (3) the way Chinese scholars have enthusiastically embraced Frye. –  “On Northrop Frye.” Literature and Art Gazette (23 September 1993). In Chinese. –  “On World Literatures, Comparative Literature, and (Comparative) Cultural Studies.” Comparative Literature and Culture Web 15, no. 5 (2013). http:// dx.doi.org/10.7771/1481-4374.2336. “In ‘Northrop Frye and Cultural Studies’ I discussed how Frye viewed literary study and suggested that although his work predates Hall and Williams, he was one of few farsighted scholars who took the initiative in putting literary studies in a broader context. By broadening the scope of comparative literature studies, Frye’s practice of combining literary studies with a broader perspective has actually paved the way for the possible confluence of comparative literature with cultural studies even prior to the Birmingham School.”

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Wang, Ning, and Jean O’Grady, eds. New Directions in N. Frye Studies. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001. Fourteen essays on Frye, most of which originated as papers presented at an international symposium on Frye at Inner Mongolia University in July 1999. Similar in content to the North American edition of the conference proceedings, Northrop Frye: Eastern and Western Perspectives, ed. O’Grady and Wang Ning (above). Wang, Ning, and Xu Yanhong, eds. Frye Studies: China and the West. Beijing: China Social Sciences Publishing House, 1996. In Chinese. Wang, Ping. “On the Archetypal Meaning of ‘Tian’ in Chinese Myth.” Shayang Teachers College 5, no. 3 (2004). In Chinese. Study based on Jung’s and Frye’s notions of the archetype. Wang, Shuang. “The Historical Limitations of the Theoretical Value of Anatomy of Criticism.” Young Teachers 6 (2007). In Chinese. Wang, Shulin. “The Archetypes of Notre Dame de Paris.” Journal of the South China University of Technology (Social Sciences) 6 (2005). In Chinese. Wang, Xiaochu. “On the Archetypal Imagery of ‘Wild Grass.’” Journal of Sichuan University 1 (1992). In Chinese. Wang, Xiaohua. “The Narrative Pattern and Its Seasonal Imagery in the Korean Film Spring Winter.” Journal of Wenzhou Teachers’ College 1 (2006). In Chinese. Wang, Yan-wen. “Biblical Archetypal Characters in Uncle Tom’s Cabin.” Journal of Yanshan University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 1 (2006). In Chinese. Wang, Ying. “Cat’s Eye: An Old Comedy.” Overseas English 12 (2012). The comic mythoi in Frye’s sense defines Atwood’s novel as a comedy. Wang, Yinghui. “Research on the Humanized Puritanism of Hawthorne in The Scarlet Letter.” In 7th International Conference on Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (SSEHR 2018). UK: Francis Academic Press, 2018. 579–82. “Analyzes The Scarlet Letter by applying the Archetypal Theory of Frye from which the cultural personality of the author is reconstructed.” Wang, Yü, and Yen-hung Hsü. Fai-lai yen chiu: Chung-kuo yu hsi fang. Pei-ching: Chung-kuo she hui k’o hsüeh chu pan she, 1996. In Chinese. Examines Frye’s criticism of Canadian literature. Wang, Zhi-geng. “Degeneration and Salvation: Dostoevsky’s Archetype of the Bride.” Hebei Academic

Journal 4 (2002). In Chinese. Female characters in Dostoevsky are degenerate, yet not evil. They are rather ready to show their sympathy, which makes their salvation and that of others possible. Warakomska, Anna. “Die narrativen Modelle der Geschichtsschreibung in den Theorien von Hayden White und ihre Kritik” [The Narrative Models of Historiography in the Critical Theories of Hayden White and Others]. Zeitschrift des Verbandes Polnischer Germanisten/Czasopismo Stowarzyszenia Germanistów Polskich (ZVPG) 1 (2015): 89–101. In German. Lists a half-dozen “role models” for Frye’s archetypal theory. Wardega, Artur K. “Literary Creation and Culture Based on Religious Belief: Northrop Frye and Biblical Matrices; Kenneth Burke and Rhetoric of Religion; Hermeneutic of the Literary Masterpiece—Case of Harold Bloom.” http://www.riccimac.org/doc/ LiteraryCreationandCulture.pdf. On Frye’s view of the Bible as a matrix for literary study. Ware, Martin. “Review Article: The Canadian Critic’s Bible.” Dalhousie Review 55 (Spring 1975): 170–83 [177–81]. Comments on Frye’s understanding of evaluative criticism and on his entire effort to prepare the foundation for a “complete cosmology of the literary universe.” These comments appear in a review of A.J.M. Smith’s Towards a View of Canadian Literature. Ware, Tracy. “Where Was Here?” Essays on Canadian Writing 71 (2000): 203–14. Discusses the impact of Northrop Frye and Margaret Atwood on other Canadian writers’ work. –  “Wordsworth’s Canadian Ministries.” Journal of Canadian Studies 47, no. 1 (Winter 2013): 197–220. “Canadian writers have long preceded the West Indian writers discussed by [Edward] Chamberlin in disengaging Wordsworth’s poetry from an imperial context. Because of the importance of Romanticism in Canada, evident especially in the work of Northrop Frye, it has been easier for Canadian writers than for other postcolonial writers to recognize the ‘Wordsworth who lamented the subjugation of Switzerland’ as well as the ‘man who wrote about daffodils.’” Warkentin, Germaine. “‘The Age of Frye’: Dissecting the Anatomy of Criticism, 1957–1966.” Canadian Literature 214 (September 2012): 215–29. On the reception and reputation of Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism as measured by the early reviews it received. –  “Introduction.” In“The Educated Imagination” and Other Writings on Critical Theory, 1933–1963, ed. Germaine Warkentin. Collected Works of Northrop

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Frye, vol. 21. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006. xvii–xlix. –  and Linda Hutcheon. “Introduction: A ‘joint appointment’?” University of Toronto Quarterly 81, no. 1 (Winter 2012): 4–16. Overview of the special issue of the UTQ devoted to Frye on the occasion of the centenary of his birth: “The Future of Northrop Frye: Centennial Perspectives.” Warning, Ranier. Funktion und Struktur: Die Ambivalenzen des geistlichen Spiels [Function and Structure: The Ambivalences of Spiritual Play]. Munich: Wilhelm Fink, 1974. 15–25. In German. Broadly adopts the structuralist criticism of Frye. Sees the medieval drama as a late expression of archetypal myth, associated religious cult, and Heilsgeschichte. Warwick, Alexandra. “The Scene of the Crime: Inventing the Serial Killer.” Social & Legal Studies 15, no. 4 (2006): 552–69. David Canter’s book, Mapping Murder, “has an interesting set of epigraphs preceding the various section, each set consisting of three quotations: one from Shakespeare, one from Canter’s own work and one from Northrop Frye’s important literary critical work, Anatomy of Criticism. He shows throughout the book his confecting of literary fiction and reality. . . . More strange are his selections from Northrop Frye, all of which are concerned with the place of the hero in narrative and which produce an impossible and disturbing confusion as to who the hero might be, killer or detective: in either case it is an unpleasant aggrandisement of the work of law enforcement to the status of heroic struggle.” Warwick, Jack. “Un retour aux mythes de la terre?” [A Return to the Myths of the Earth?]. Études françaises 9, no. 4 (1973): 279–301. In French. Turns to Frye’s myths of freedom and concern (from The Critical Path) to illuminate André Langevin’s L’élan d’Amérique. Wasiolek, Edward. “Wanted: A New Contextualism.” Critical Inquiry 1 (March 1975): 623–39 [623–7]. A critique of Frye’s notions of autonomy and polysemous meaning as being too narrow and exclusive. Even though Frye has sought to expand the context of criticism from the New Critical emphasis on the work itself, Wasiolek sees him as still within the tradition of the New Criticism because of his insistence that the conceptual framework of criticism is derivable from literature itself. Wasser, Shoshana. “100 Years, 30 Volumes, and One Intellectual Legend.” University of Toronto Press Publishing Blog. http://utpblog.utpress.utoronto. ca/2012/07/12/1067/. On the history of the Collected

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Works of Northrop Frye and the role played especially by the general editor, Alvin Lee, in guiding the project to completion. Wasserman, Jerry. “Transformations.” Review of The Emblems of James Reaney, by Thomas Gerry. Canadian Literature 222 (Autumn 2014): 155–6. “To unravel the puzzles of [James Reaney’s] emblems and interpret their arcane symbolism, Gerry filters them through the lenses of Edmund Spenser and William Butler Yeats (the subjects of Reaney’s doctoral dissertation), Northrop Frye, William Blake, and Carl Jung. The emphasis on Frygean readings, especially, gives the book an oldfashioned feel, though Reaney was no doubt heavily influenced by Blake, the bible, and other mythopoeic systems privileged by Frye, his teacher and supervisor at University of Toronto.” Wasserstrom, Jeffrey N. “History, Myth, and Tales of Tiananmen.” In Popular Protest and Political Culture in Modern China, ed. Jeffrey N. Wasserstrom and Elizabeth J. Perry. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994. 273–308. Draws heavily on the various themes in Frye’s mythos of romance to outline the several interpretations given to the Tiananmen Square episode. Wasson, Richard. “From Priest to Prometheus: Culture and Criticism in the Post-Modern Period.” Journal of Modern Literature 3 (July 1974): 1188–1202 [1201–2]. About several models of culture that characterized the criticism of the 1960s. Includes Frye’s work because it provides “the best working model for literary critics.” Singles out for special treatment Frye’s views on culture, the imaginative possibilities of desire, and on “educating the imagination.” Waters, D. Douglas. Christian Settings in Shakespeare’s Tragedies. Rutherford, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1994. Adopts a combined historicist and formalist approach to Shakespeare’s tragedies with Christian settings. Takes issue with both the theological critics of Shakespeare’s tragedies and structuralist and poststructuralist interpreters (who either ignore or slight tragedy and tragic theory in Shakespeare interpretation). His approach differs also from Frye’s views on the tragedies discussed in Northrop Frye on Shakespeare, an archetypal approach to representative plays, including the tragedies. Watkins, Evan. “Conflict and Consensus in the History of Recent Criticism.” New Literary History 12 (Winter 1981): 345–64 [351–5, 357–8]. Sees Frye’s program of literary study as equivocal. On the one hand he insists that criticism can be autonomous, a coherent body of principles, yet one that can “co-ordinate a multiplicity of

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specific inquiries within a coherent framework.” On the other hand, he insists that criticism perform the central role of democratizing culture. Still, Frye’s emphasis on “context” helped to prepare American criticism for the shock waves of European thought. –  “Criticism and Method: Hirsch, Frye, Barthes.” Soundings 57 (Summer 1975): 257–80. Rpt. in a shorter and somewhat different version in Watkins’s The Critical Act: Criticism and Community. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1978. 56–94. Examines some of the hypothetical bases of Frye’s criticism. Sees the archetype as both a dialectical and a taxonomic principle. Believes that Frye’s work suffers because of the incompatibility of the two: “The concept of the archetype . . . projects an identity which is to efface the necessity for judgment by providing the possibility of a self-regulating system.” Finds Wimsatt’s and Todorov’s critiques of Frye to be “cogent” and “devastating.” –  Work Time: English Departments and the Circulation of Cultural Value. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 1992. 201–6, 211–30 passim. Considers the two forms or levels of evaluation in Frye. “At times in Anatomy, evaluation is dismissed as irrelevant, merely a loose, general index of the assumptions of an age rather than a general contribution to critical knowledge. At other times, however, Frye seems to suggest instead that it is redundant; ‘everyone knows’ already that in some ultimate sense reading Milton is a more rewarding and comprehensive experience than reading Blackmore, and nothing much can follow from insisting on the recognition.” Watson, Cate. Comedy and Social Science: Towards a Methodology of Funny. New York: Routledge, 2015. Refers several times to Frye’s distinction between satire and irony. See pp. 8, 70, 71, 95. Watson, Garry. “Frank Lentricchia and the Currently Paralysed Debates.” English 37 (Spring 1988): 1–38 [5–12, 31–32]. On Lentricchia’s critique of Frye. Watson, Patrick. “Northrop Frye.” In The Canadians: Biographies of a Nation. 3 vols. Toronto: McArthur and Co., 2000. Adapts his biography from the prize-winning television broadcast A Love Story by Daniel Zuckerbrot. Wattenberg, Richard. “‘The Frontier Myth’ on Stage: From the Nineteenth Century to Sam Shepard’s True West.” Western American Literature 24, no. 3 (1989): 225–41. Argues that Shepard’s play illustrates the shift from Frye’s mythoi of spring (comedy) and summer (romance) to those of autumn (tragedy) and winter (irony and satire).

–  “Taming the Frontier Myth: Clyde Fitch’s The Cowboy and the Lady.” Journal of American Culture 16, no. 2 (1993): 77–84. Sees Fitch’s play as an example of Frye’s comic mythos. Way, Maria. Review of The Sacred and the Cinema: Reconfiguring the “Genuinely” Religious Film, by Sheila Nayar. Communication Research Trends 33, no. 4 (2014): 30–3. In chapter 6 Way “uses Johnson’s notion of ‘communion,’ rather than communication. She agrees with T.S. Eliot, Northrop Frye, and Walter Ong that ‘any adequate critical theory of film,’ had to consider: the movie itself; those who made the film and expressed their thoughts through it; the viewers’ interpretations, which are based on their own life stories, and the larger universe or world view that shapes the story’s presentation.’” Weathers, Robert A. “Leland Ryken’s Literary Approach to Biblical Interpretation: An Evangelical Model.” Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 37, no. 1 (March 1994): 115–24. Ryken agrees with Frye’s contention that the Bible “is as literary as it can be without actually being literature,” and he accepts a great deal of Frye’s contentions about the literary features. He rejects, however, Frye’s dismissal of the historicity of the Bible. “With Ryken, therefore, one can affirm that literary artifice in the Bible functions alongside propositional and didactic texts as another form that conveys historical content.” Weaven, Mary. “Re-framing Literacy in Neoliberal Times: Teaching Poetry So Students Can See Through the Cracks.” In Resisting Neoliberalism in Higher Education, ed. Dorothy Bottrell and Catherine Manathunga. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019. “In our final Master of Teaching ‘Secondary English’ class for the year, this topic [testing], linked as it is to educational philosophy, was energetically discussed in connection with a quotation from Canadian literary critic, Northrop Frye: ‘. . . the aim of teaching a child to write poetry is not to produce poets, but to produce articulate people, articulateness being the highest form of freedom that society can give to the individual.’” Webb, Eugene. “Eric Voegelin and Literary Theory.” In Politics, Order and History. ed. Glenn Hughes, Stephen A. McKnight, and Geoffrey L. Price. Sheffield: Sheffield University Press, 2001. Along with Robert Heilman and Cleanth Brooks, Frye was a literary critic that Voegelin “admired.” –  “Northrop Frye, Paul Fussell, and the Anatomy of Canadian War Literature.” Northrop Frye Weblog, McMaster University, posted 26 February 2010. https://

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macblog.mcmaster.ca/fryeblog/northrop-frye-paulfussell-and-the-anatomy-of-canadian-war-literature/. Explores the use of Frye by Fussell in The Great War and Modern Memory. Webb, William M. “Hyde’s Deformity: The Literary Myth of the Fallen Protohuman.” Humanities 3, no. 1 (2014): 59–70. “More than six decades after the publication of [Joseph] Campbell’s thesis, the fallout is a prodigious array of methodologies from which to invoke a lens for comparative mythological analysis: linguistic, psychological, historicist, structural, and even biological. Because the scope of any paper attempting to contribute to this body of work is necessarily vast and interdisciplinary, I choose to restrict myself to the exposition of a single literary motif recapitulated by Western authors, to focus what might otherwise outrun the scope of a paper and evolve into a longer, booklength thesis. This endeavor is pursued in the spirit of Northrop Frye’s reading of myth as literary anagogic symbol that—in this particular case—furnishes society with an acknowledgement of reiterated preoccupations with ‘fall’ and degeneration.” Webber, Christopher, and Stuart Inglis. “Northrop Frye.” Impulse 15, no. 3 (1989): 76–80. Frye responds to a series of questions by Webber and Inglis about the biblical and artistic responses to nature. Rpt. in Interviews, ed. O’Grady, 904–9. Weber, Samuel. “The Responsibility of the Critic: A Response.” Modern Language Notes 91 (October 1976): 814–16. A reply to Frye’s essay “The Responsibilities of the Critic,” arguing that the critic’s responsibility is to the truth of the text. Webster, Grant. “American Literary Criticism: A Bibliographical Essay.” American Studies International 20 (Autumn 1981): 3–44 [10–12]. Comments on Frye’s work in the context of myth criticism. Gives a brief overview of Anatomy of Criticism. Points to Frye’s influence on practical criticism, and mentions some of the negative reactions his work has occasioned. Frye “is not the Aquinas of a new organized church, but resembles much more the Blake with whom he began in that his system is a personal one.” –  “The Missionary Criticism of Northrop Frye.” Southern Review [Australia] 2, no. 2 (1966): 164–9. Argues that Frye converts his descriptive account of literature into a normative one and thus brings into his criticism the norms he objects to in his plea for objective scholarship. Contends that Frye is essentially a religious critic who “wants to lead us from the imaginative structures of literature to critical faith and mythic doctrine.”

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–  “Smollett and Shaw: A Note on a Source for Heartbreak House.” Shaw Review 4, no. 3 (September, 1961): 16–17. Webster thinks the characters in Shaw’s Heartbreak House and Smollett’s Peregrine Pickle show some resemblance in that they are both examples of what Frye calls the senex iratus, or heavy father. Wedemeyer, Christian K. Making Sense of Tantric Buddhism: History, Semiology, and Transgression in the Indian Traditions. New York: Columbia University Press, 2013. Notes the views of Frye and Hayden White about the different narrative patterns in historical accounts of the world. Wegener, Mark. “Literary Criticism and Biblical Religious Language: Insights from Northrop Frye.” Currents in Theology and Mission 12, no. 2 (1985): 100–5. Summarizes Frye’s presuppositions about the Bible and outlines the central categories he uses in discussing it: its language, plot images, and typological structure. Contrasts Frye’s approach with that of historical and structural critics. Says the strength of Frye’s theory is that it “offers the possibility of pushing religious language to its ultimate” and thus may be able to put the authority of the Bible on a firmer foundation. Wegner, Hart. “Melodrama as Tragic Rondo . . . Douglas Sirk’s Written on the Wind.” Literature/Film Quarterly 10, no. 3 (1982): 155–61. Applies Frye’s theory of melodrama to Sirk’s film. Weil, Judith. “Critical Polyphony: The Second Essay in the Anatomy of Criticism.” English Studies in Canada 19 (June 1993): 241–54. Argues against Frye’s readers (States and Kroetsch) who affiliate his work with an ironic vision. Frye is not a philosophic ironist like Rorty: he often adopts the voice of irony in the Second Essay of the Anatomy, but his voice is never simply that: it is polyphonic, and Frye often assumes the voice of those critics he disagrees with. He “demonstrates how a contemporary critic may use irony without becoming an ironist.” Weimann, Robert. “Literarische Wertung und historische Tradition: Zu ihrer Aporie in Werk von Northrop Frye” [Literary Valuation and Historical Tradition: The Aporia in the Work of Northrop Frye]. Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 21 (1973): 341–59. In German. Argues that the meaning and influence of Frye’s work cannot be understood simply in terms of its originality and breadth. One has to look at it in the wider context of the crisis of consciousness in twentiethcentury formal criticism. In seeking to provide a new humanistic role for the critic, Frye has abandoned the traditional evaluator’s role and has rejected both Eliot’s

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belief in classical absolutes and the New Critics’ pure aestheticism. Yet his neutrality is at odds with his effort to restore the romantic’s reputation, a dilemma that comes through clearly in his most recent writings. The real separation in Frye’s work is between aesthetics and critical knowledge, on the one hand, and value, history, and action, on the other. –  “Literaturkritik als historisch-mythologisches System [Literary Criticism as a Historical-Mythological System]. In Literaturgeschichte und Mythologie: Methodolische und historische Studien, 3rd ed. Berlin and Weimar: Aufbau-Verlag, 1974. 342–63 and passim. In German. Some paragraphs from this chapter appeared previously in “Northrop Frye and das Ende des New Criticism” (next entry). –  “Northrop Frye und das Ende des New Criticism” [Northrop Frye and the End of New Criticism.] Sinn und Form: Beiträge zur Literatur 17 (1965): 621–30. In German. Sees Frye as participating in the final stages of the New Criticism, now being replaced by new critical voices. “An objective view of the most recent critical trends in literary criticism in the United States leaves no doubt that Frye’s dependence on the New Criticism is itself already history and resulted from the ideological influence of the recent past.” –  Structure and Society in Literary History: Studies in the History and Theory of Literary History. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1976. 15–16, 142–5. Frye’s neo-Romantic criticism has failed “in working out a new historical vocation for criticism. Frye’s advocacy of the Romantic tradition cannot revive the revolutionary and prophetic functions of literature in the present.” Weinbrot, Howard D. “‘Introduction’ to Northrop Frye and Eighteenth-Century Studies.” Eighteenth-Century Studies 24 (Winter 1990–1): 155–6. An account of the special session on Frye at the 1990 meeting of the American Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies. –  “Northrop Frye and the Literature of Process Reconsidered.” Eighteenth-Century Studies 24 (Winter 1990–1): 173–95. Argues that in “Towards Defining an Age of Sensibility” Frye overstates the thesis that the literature of the late eighteenth century is a literature of Longinian process rather than Aristotelian product. Cites examples of “process” in the first half of the century and “product” in the second half: the two types of literature are “intertwined,” and “the distinctions between them can be as constraining as those among putative Augustans, pre-Romantics, and Romantics.” Weingarten, Jeffrey Aaron. “Revisiting Questions I Asked My Mother in Conversation with Di Brandt.” Canadian

Literature 233 (Summer 2017): 170–7. “I was . . . trying to answer Northrop Frye’s famous question, ‘Where is here?’—not just in the local sense but in the continental sense. We didn’t have much Canadian content in our school curricula when I was growing up. In church, we learned about the places and stories of the Bible; at home we learned about the places our ancestors had lived in: Ukraine, Prussia, Holland. In school, we learned about British queens and kings. But ‘Where is here?’ I kept thinking. You can see the speaker in questions I asked my mother trying to climb out of the stories set in other landscapes long ago into the here and now.” Weisman, Dennis L. “An Essay on the Art and Science of Teaching.” American Economist 57, no. 1 (2012): 111–25. Outlines twelve principles of good teaching, the eighth of which is to develop in students the ability to ask the right questions, this principle being illustrated by a quotation from Frye: “The teacher’s function is to help create the structure of the subject in the student’s mind. That is why it is the teacher who asks most of the questions and not the student. The student already knows a great deal more than he realizes he knows.” Weiss, Allen S. “An Anatomy of Anatomy.” Tulane Drama Review 43, no. 1 (Spring 1999): 137–44. An expanded view of the genre of anatomy in Frye’s Anatomy. Offers a genealogy of the form. Proposes an expanded view of Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism celebrating hybridity, montage, and a recontextualized, rewritten, reconceived notion of the “classics.” Welburn, Jude. “Divided Labors: Work, Nature, and the Utopian Impulse in John Milton’s Paradise Lost.” Studies in Philology 116, no. 3 (Summer 2019): 506–38. Cites Frye’s “Varieties of Literary Utopias.” Wellek, René. “American Criticism in the Last Ten Years.” Yearbook of Comparative and General Literature 20 (1971): 5–14 [8–9]. Rpt. as “Of the Last Ten Years” in Amerikanische Literatur in 20 Jahrhundert, ed. Alfred Weber and Dietmar Haak. Göttingen: Vanderhoek & Ruprecht, 1972. 13–28; and as “American Criticism of the Sixties” in Wellek, The Attack on Literature and Other Essays. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1982. 104–18 [108–10]. An account of Frye’s status as the most influential myth critic. Frye’s “most attractive writings” are his books on Shakespeare and Milton. Considers briefly the work of his “more or less orthodox followers”: Angus Fletcher, Harold Bloom, Robert Scholes, and Robert Kellogg. –  “Philosophy and Postwar American Criticism.” New Haven: Yale University Press, 1963. 316–43 [337–8]. Rpt. in Comparative Literature: Matter and Method,

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ed. E. Owen Aldridge. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1969. 9–23 [20]. A brief account of Frye’s place in contemporary criticism: “a sensitive reader and ingenious theorist,” but concludes his criticism has “over-reached itself” and that his speculations are “completely uncontrollable.” –  “The Poet as Critic, the Critic as Poet, the Poet-Critic.” Discriminations: Further Concepts of Criticism. New Haven: Yale University Press 1970. 253–74 [257–8]. Calls Frye a “creative” or “fictional” critic who builds a “dream universe.” He “spins his fancies in total disregard of the text and even builds fictional universes. . . . His criticism is an elaborate fiction which loses all relation to knowledge, science, and concept.” Welsh, Andrew. Roots of the Lyric: Primitive Poetry and Modern Poetics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1978. 18–22. On Frye’s theory of the “radicals” of lyric poetry: melos, lexis, and opsis. “I would like to acknowledge here a more general debt to three scholars, the folklorist Archer Taylor and the literary critics Northrop Frye and Hugh Kenner, who cast shadows longer than any footnotes can accommodate.” Welsh, James M. “The Dystopian Cinema of Peter Watkins.” Film Criticism 7, no. 1 (Fall 1982): 26–36, 87. Watkins’s films can be described as what Frye calls sixth-phase tragedy and sixth-phase irony. Wendling, Ronald C. Review of Becoming a Reader: The Experience of Fiction from Childhood to Adulthood by Joseph A. Appleyard. America 166, no. 11 (4 April 1992): 281–3. “Joseph A. Appleyard, S.J. has written a lucid and useful book on the way reading fiction helps us construct and enlarge our personal and social identities. He synthesizes a wide range of recent psychological research and literary theory, drawing principally on the works of Carl Jung, Erik Erickson, Northrop Frye, Robert Scholes and Wolfgang Iser in support of a developmental view of reading that emphasizes the reader’s own role in interpretation.” Weninger, Robert K. “Konvention und literarische Archetypik (Northrop Frye)” [Convention and Literary Archetype (Northrop Frye)]. In Literarische Konventionen: Theoretische Modelle/Historische Anwendung [Literary Conventions: Theoretical Models/ Historical Application]. Tübingen: StauffenburgVerlag (Reihe Stauffenburg Colloquium, Band 20), 1994. 46. In German. In a wide-ranging study of literary conventions, one section is devoted to Frye’s understanding of the term. West, Brad. “Crime, Suicide, and the Anti-hero “Waltzing Matilda’ in Australia.” Journal of Popular Culture

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35, no. 3 (Winter 2001): 127–41. “While there is a substantial amount of research on the role of the hero in maintaining social order, there is a neglect of understanding how anti-heroes may contribute and reshape these moral boundaries. The foundation myth of many societies involves a criminal hero, however, this typically involves a genre that has clear and explicit judgements about the nature of good and evil (Frye).” West, Cornel. “Fredric Jameson’s Marxist Hermeneutics.” boundary 2 11, no. 1 (1982): 177–200. “Frye’s conflation of ethics and politics gives Jameson the opportunity both to congratulate and to criticize him. Jameson congratulates Frye—the North American liberal version of structuralism—because Frye conceives the central problematic of criticism to be not epistemological but rather ethical, namely the relation of texts to the destiny of human communities. In this sense, Frye is preferable to the French structuralists and poststructuralists since he understands that there is a crucial relationship among desire, freedom, and narrative. Jameson criticizes Frye because Frye understands this relationship too idealistically and individualistically.” West, Robin. “Jurisprudence as Narrative: An Aesthetic Analysis of Modern Legal Theory.” New York University Law Review 60 (May 1985): 145–211. Draws upon Frye’s Anatomy to argue that legal theory can be read as a form of narrative. Part 1 summarizes Frye’s analysis of the role of myth in narrative and reviews his four “core myths” and their corresponding literary plots: romance, irony, comedy, and tragedy. Part 2 describes four corresponding jurisprudential traditions: natural law, legal positivism, liberalism, and statism. Parts 3 and 4 argue that each of these traditions is unified by either a vision of the world or a narrative method that corresponds to one of Frye’s mythoi. The final part assesses the significance of this correspondence, demonstrating that it is fruitful to address conflicts in legal theory as reflecting aesthetic as well as political and moral differences in the way we view the world. Westbrook, Max. “Riders of Judgment: An Exercise in Ontological Criticism.” Western American Literature 12 (May 1977): 335–50. Argues that the practice of an archetypal criticism based on Frye’s theory needs more philosophical awareness if it is to get beyond thematic studies that match one version of an archetype with another. Weston, Elizabeth. Survey: A Short History of Canadian Literature. Toronto: Methuen, 1973. 146–7. An account of the influence of Frye’s theory of myths on Canadian literature.

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Whalen, Terry. “Introduction.” Essays on Canadian Writing 31 (Summer 1985): 1. On Frye’s provincialism.

Considers Frye’s contribution to our understanding of mode and genre.

Whatley, Janet. “La Double Inconstance: Marivaux and the Comedy of Manipulation.” Eighteenth-Century Studies 10 (Spring 1977): 335–50. Uses Frye’s theory of comedy to interpret the novelty of Marivaux’s comic vision in La Double Inconstance.

Whillock, David E. “Defining the Fictive American Vietnam War Film: In Search of a Genre.” Literature/ Film Quarterly 16, no. 4 (1988): 244–50. “Historically, the term genre was borrowed from literary criticism; etymologically, it came from Latin/French roots related to the concept of ‘kind’ or ‘type.’ The Greeks used the term to describe the three main topics of poetry—lyric, epic, and drama—each represented a distinct form of presentation. Through of such literary critics as Northrop Frye, the term evolved to distinguish between the novel, short story, essay and possibly film. A more modern application is found in Thrall and Hibbard’s classic Handbook to Literature which contends that genre classification implies that there are groups of formal or technical characteristics existing among works of the same kind regardless of time or place of composition, author, or subject matter.”

Whedbee, J. William. The Bible and the Comic Vision. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2002. Influenced by Frye’s numerous writings on comedy and the comic vision, from which he draws the formula for the U-shaped plot. Wheeler, Charles B. “Professor Frye and the Bible.” South Atlantic Quarterly 82 (Spring 1983): 154–64. “The Great Code does not end with a triumphant conclusion or the apocalypse that readers may feel is owed them or even with a clear summary of Frye’s position, but instead trails off with a series of verbal winks and nudges. This is not so great a fault as it would be in another book, because long before this it has been obvious that the forward motion of Frye’s exposition was illusory, and that in fact the book was devoted to a constant re-examination of the same basic data from various closely related perspectives: in short, the method of the kaleidoscope. Each shake of the machine produces a new symmetry, each symmetry as beautiful as the last, and none of them in any sense exclusive of the others. And there is always room for one more shake.” Wheeler, Richard P. Shakespeare’s Development and the Problem Comedies: Turn and Counter-Turn. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981. 22–5, 45–9. On Frye’s effort to divorce biographical from critical considerations and on his interpretation of All’s Well that End’s Well in “The Argument of Comedy.” Wheeler, Roxann. “Sounding Black-ish: West Indian Pidgin in London Performance and Print.” EighteenthCentury Studies 51, no. 1 (Fall 2017): 63–87. “Comedy plots involving marriage entail the formation of a fictional but ideal new community (with either the expulsion or conversion of the powerful blocking character), as C.L. Barber, M.M. Bakhtin, and Northrop Frye variously demonstrate.” Whetter, Kevin Sean. “Genre as Context in the Alliterative Morte Arthure.” Arthuriana 20, no. 2 (Summer 2010): 45–65. “As Northrop Frye and Alastair Fowler each observe in different but equally perspicacious ways, an understanding of genre enhances rather than obscures the reader’s and critic’s understanding.” –  Understanding Genre and Medieval Romance. Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2008. 17–18, 21–4, 38–40, 102–3.

Whitaker, Sheila. Review of Arab and African Film Making by Lizbeth Malkmus and Roy Armes. Sight & Sound 2 (February 1992): 41. “In her treatment of Arab cinema, Malkmus is too heavily reliant on Western literary concepts (those of Northrop Frye in particular).” White, Adam. “‘True words are things:’ Byron’s Marino Faliero.” Byron Journal 47, no. 1 (2019): 17–30. “The words-things nexus that fascinates Byron reaches its explicit apex in Marino Faliero and can be divided into three areas: the materiality of language or the ‘thingness’ of words (to take an example from Don Juan, ‘Haidée’ is Romaic for ‘caress’; the semiotic question (the nature of signification); and the counter-logical relationship of much language utterance—particularly, in Northrop Frye’s terms, metaphor, where A is B.” White, Craig. “Myth Criticism.” http://coursesite.uhcl.edu/ HSH/Whitec/terms/M/mythcrit.htm. On Frye’s role in the development of myth criticism. White, Daniel. “Of Darwin, Jesus, and the Tragedy of the Commons: Is There Justice in Evolution?” European Legacy (1 February 2014): 1–9. White, David. “Northrop Frye: Value and System.” Criticism 15 (Summer 1973): 189–211. Looks at some of the philosophical problems in Frye’s work. Surveys a number of the criticisms directed against him (by Whalley, Spears, Casey, Hallie, Abrams, Wellek, Kermode, Adams, Holloway, et al.), but finds most of them beside the point because of their emphasis on “the purely ideational development of critical knowledge.” Would like Anatomy of Criticism to be extended at some later date to include an anatomy of critical experience.

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White, Hayden. “The Fictions of Factual Representation.” In The Literature of Fact: Selected Papers from the English Institute, ed. Angus Fletcher. New York: Columbia University Press, 1976. 21–44 [31]. Comments on the usefulness of Frye’s concepts of the archetype and displacement for understanding history and the philosophy of history. –  “Frye’s Place in Contemporary Cultural Studies.” In Lee and Denham, Legacy, 28–39. Rpt. in White’s The Fiction of Narrative: Essays on History, Literature and Theory, 1957–2007, ed. Robert Doran. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010. Explores Frye’s work as a cultural theorist—a dialectical thinker like Vico, Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, Freud, and Weber. –  “Getting Out of History.” Diacritics (Fall 1982): 2–13. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism: Modernism through Post-Structuralism, ed. Robert Con Davis. New York: Longman, 1986. 146–60 [148–9]. Sees Fredric Jameson’s work as an effort to compose a Marxist version of Anatomy of Criticism. Notes Jameson’s appropriation of Frye. –  “The Historical Text as Literary Artifact.” Clio 3 (June 1974): 277–303. Rpt. in The Writing of History: Literary Form and Historical Understanding, ed. Robert H. Canary and Henry Koziki. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1978. 41–62 [45–7]. Analyses the distinctions in Frye among myth, history, and fiction. Argues, in opposition to Frye, that history is no less history because of its fictional elements, particularly the kinds of plot structures its writers use. –  “Ideology and Counterideology in the Anatomy.” In Denham and Willard, Visionary Poetics, 101–11. Rpt. in The Fiction of Narrative: Essays on History, Literature and Theory, 1957–2007, ed. Robert Doran. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010. Against those who claim that Anatomy of Criticism is ideologically impure because it is ahistorical (e.g., Eagleton, Lentricchia, and Jameson), White argues that Frye’s understanding of modes serves as the counterideological foundation of the entire book. Maintains that by linking historical criticism with a theory of modes Frye moves beyond the categories of quantity, quality, and relation—categories that have characterized positivist views of history. Frye’s understanding of history, rather, is rooted in an awareness, similar to Kant’s, that modal relationships are those of possibility-impossibility, existencenonexistence, and necessity-contingency. Thus, Frye understands that history “is graspable as history only insofar as it appears as a system in process of change”; and only the notion of modality can do justice to both

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the data of history and our understanding of those data. Because Frye insists that modality is the ultimate goal of a specifically historical understanding of history, he is able to see history as a system undergoing constant changes in both its form and its contents. –  “Interpretation in History.” New Literary History 4 (Winter 1973): 281–314. On Frye’s conception of historiography. Although Frye is aware of important differences between poetry and history, he is also sensitive to the ways they resemble each other. Extends Frye’s ideas to argue that interpretation of history depends on these resemblances: the patterns of meaning, the story forms, the pre-generic plot structures, the conceptualized myths that historians have built into their narratives. Believes that Frye’s distinctions are a useful “way of identifying the specifically ‘fictive element’ in historical accounts of the world.” –  Metahistory. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973. 7–11 [2]. Draws upon Frye’s theory of myth in order to identify four different modes of emplotment. Uses the modes as part of his framework for analysing the work of nineteenth-century historians. (Chapter 2, “A Poetics of History,” was translated into Hungarian as “A történelem poétikája,” in AETAS— Történettudományi folyóirat 1 (2001): 129–59.) –  “The Structure of Historical Narratives. Clio 1 (1972): 5–20. Translated as “Struktura narracji historycznej.” Białostockie Studia Literaturoznawcze 1 (2010): 9–27. In examining the relationship between story and the different kinds of narrative history, uses Frye’s concept of plot or pre-generic narrative patterns. White, Heather Cass, and Luke Carson. “A Variety of Hero: Marianne Moore’s Romance.” Journal of Modern Literature 34, no. 4 (Summer 2011): 63–83. Authors rely heavily on Frye’s theory of romance throughout. White, Hugh C. “Metaphor and Myth: Percy, Ricoeur and Frye.” In “A Wise and Discerning Mind”: Essays in Honor of Burke O. Long, ed. Saul M. Olyan and Robert C. Culley. Providence, RI: Brown Judaic Studies, 2000. 245–69. White, R.S. “Criticism of the Comedies up to The Merchant of Venice.” Shakespeare Survey 37 (1984): 2–3. Says about Frye’s criticism of Shakespeare in “The Argument of Comedy,” A Natural Perspective, and Anatomy of Criticism: “Although one might now feel impatient with the sweeping range of his generalization, Frye remains seminal because he established two basic positions: comedy, romance, and tragedy all have intimate and formal visionary links with each other, and comedy can be every bit as serious as tragedy. Without somebody saying these things, the study of Shakespearian comedy

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could have remained these thirty years in the domain of charming, weightless belles-lettres.” –  “Dreams in the Forest: Romantic Comedy.” Shakespeare’s Cinema of Love: A Study in Genre and Influence. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 2017. Also Manchester Scholarship Online. http://manchester.universitypressscholarship.com/ view/10.7228/manchester/9780719099748.001.0001/ upso-9780719099748-chapter-003. “Shows how Shakespeare innovated his unique brand of romantic comedy under the influence of prose romance and Lyly’s dramatized romance. The resulting hybrid form was so successful that it is an underpinning structural formula for romantic comedy in many modern movies, even ones where Shakespeare is not a direct source. His most successful examples became conflated through the Western educational system into a recognisable and very flexible genre, tracing how ‘the course of true love never did run smooth’ through successive stages involving centrally an exotic, transforming location such as a forest. Even twentieth century critics such as Northrop Frye played their part in popularising the genre and paving the way into movies, because of their strong influence on students in the twentieth century.” (author’s abstract) White, Robert A. “The Cup and the Wand as Archetypes in Comus.” Milton Quarterly 25, no. 1 (1991): 22–5. On the two worlds in Milton’s Comus, described by Frye as the demonic world and the world of innocence, and their association with the images respectively of the cup and the wand. Whitehead, Joshua. Review of Literary Land Claims: The “Indian Land Question” from Pontiac’s War to Attawapiskat by Margery Fee. Ariel 49, no. 1 (January 2018): 162–6. “In framing her argument, Fee draws on thinkers ranging from Northrop Frye and John Locke to Margaret Atwood and Thomas King.” Whyte, Christopher. “Talking Trees: Narratology of the Ariostan ‘Switch.’” Litteraria Pragensia 27, no. 53 (2017): 49–69. “The essay sets out from the episode from Canto IV of the Orlando Furioso, in which the tree to which Ruggiero has tied his hippogriff protests, then proceeds to explain that it has a human identity and to tell its sad tale, arguing that the narrative structure of the poem can as easily be described in terms of the junctures between episodes as of the episodes themselves. Referring to the antecedents in Virgil and Dante, and to theoretical discussions by Italo Calvino and Northrop Frye, the essay outlines parallels with contemporary ‘soap opera’ and with cinematic ‘montage.’”

Whittall, Arnold. Review of A Theory of Musical Narrative by Byron Almén. Music & Letters 91, no. 2 (May 2010): 299–303. A detailed critique of Almén’s speculations about the narrative forms of music. In developing his theory Almén borrows heavily from James Jakob Liszka’s The Semiotic of Myth: A Critical Study of the Symbol and Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism. Wickerson, Erica. “The Judgment of Felix: Mythologizing History in Thomas Mann’s Bekenntnisse des Hochstaplers Felix Krull.” German Quarterly 88, no. 1 (Winter 2015): 43–59. “The recurrence of key plot elements [in Felix Krull] and the creation of circular structures appear to slow the pace, recalling Northrop Frye’s assertion on myth that ‘[t]he fundamental form of process is cyclical movement, the alternation of success and decline, effort and repose, life and death which is the rhythm of process.’” Wiebe, Donald. “The Centripetal Theology of The Great Code.” Toronto Journal of Theology 1 (Spring 1985): 122–7. Sees Frye’s argument about the predominantly centripetal patterns of thought in The Great Code as a metatheology that should be of great interest to theologians. His metatheology is implicit in his understanding of the nature and function of biblical language, which focuses on the life of the individual and community rather than upon physical, historical, or metaphysical issues. Believes that looking for the meaning of God within the context of language and myth “may be the only adequate way for doing theology today.” Wiedenfeld, Grant. “The Conservative Backlash Argument Controverted: Carnivalesque, Comedy, and Respect in Rocky.” Critical Studies in Media Communication 16 (April 2016): 1–13. Considers Rocky’s genre and mode, using the principles set down by Frye in the First and Fourth Essays of Anatomy of Criticism, and then considers its drama from a progressive point of view. –  Review of The Book as Instrument: Stéphane Mallarmé, the Artist’s Book, and the Transformation of Print Culture by Anna Sigridur Arnar. MLN 128, no. 4 (September 2013): 967–70. “I argue that Northrop Frye’s charm/riddle dichotomy better distinguishes the ritual function of stage from page than the public/private binary that guides Arnar’s hypothesis. The enigmatic book immerses individuals in a kind of unavowable or imagined community just as public as an opera, though in a different mode.” Wienold, Götz. Formulierungstheorie—Poetik— Strukturelle Litaraturgeschichte [Formulation Theory— Poetics—Structural History of Literature]. Frankfurt am Main: Athenäum, 1971. 27, 29. Comments on the

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

opposition in Frye’s work between genetic literary forms (archetypes, myths, rituals, oracles) and the social, engaged, communicative function of literature. Wiens, Erwin. “The Horses of Realism: The Layton-Pacey Correspondence.” Studies in Canadian Literature 10, nos. 1–2 (1985): 183–207. Traces Irving Layton’s relationship to Desmond Pacey in their unpublished twenty-year correspondence against the backdrop of Frye’s increasingly influential poetics. Wigler, Stephen. “Deconstruction and Me.” Baltimore Sun (6 October 1991). https://www.baltimoresun.com/ news/bs-xpm-1991-10-06-1991279100-story.html. “The first salvo against the New Critics came in 1957 from the Canadian Northrop Frye, in his Anatomy of Criticism. Frye asserted that a truly scientific basis for interpretation could be built if one were to look at literature in terms of underlying related mythic structures or hierarchies. A tragic structure such as Shakespeare’s Hamlet, for example, could be understood by comparing it to an epic such as Homer’s Iliad, a myth such as that of Adonis or a movie such as Lenny—all of them about young men who must die. This way of looking at literature is what became known as structuralism when it was joined by the ideas of such continental theorists as Claude Lévi-Strauss, whose work in structural anthropology has influenced literary theory enormously.”

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Wild, Jonathan. “Comedy.” In Edinburgh Introduction to Studying English Literature, ed. Dermot Cavanagh et al. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2014. On Frye’s “green world” theory of Shakespearean comedy. Wilde, Alan. Horizons of Assent: Modernism, Postmodernism, and the Ironic Imagination. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1981; rpt. with a new preface, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1987. 5–6. Provides a brief overview of Frye’s (and Hayden White’s) ideas about irony, which are said accurately to describe much of contemporary irony. Develops his own position, however, in opposition to Frye and White’s cyclical theories because he finds them unable “to recognize the potential for affirmation within even the most self-conscious of ironies.” Wilders, John. “Shakespeare: His Comedies.” In English Drama to 1710. London: Barrie & Jenkins, 1971. 200–14 [202–6]. Observes that the “most relevant theories of [Shakespearean] comedy” are those of Frye and Susanne Langer, which emphasize the structure of the plays. Summarizes Frye’s view of comic structure.

Wijesinghe, Gita. “Indian Philosophy as a Means for Understanding Modern Ashram Schools.” Comparative Education 23, no. 2 (1987): 237–43. In an account of chanting in Ashram schools, looks at Frye’s three phases of language in The Great Code. In the first phase words are concrete and function as dynamic forces. In India this is still true of words in texts and words in sacred contexts.

Wilkens, Matthew. “Genre, Computation, and the Varieties of Twentieth-Century U.S. Fiction.” Journal of Cultural Analytics (1 November 2016): 1–24. “Genre is . . . a difficult concept to pin down, one that has been treated unevenly and for a range of ends in literary criticism, sociology, and the cultural marketplace. For critics in the mold of Northrop Frye, genre is a formal category having to do with the ‘radical of presentation’ through which plot-level events are portrayed; for Gérard Genette, it involves primarily content-level differences within formally defined modes; for Raymond Williams, genre is part of a ‘social language’ that unites distinct aspects of the social and material processes that make up a cultural situation.”

Wikipedia. “Oswald Spengler.” https://ipfs.io/ipfs/QmXoypizj W3WknFiJnKLwHCnL72vedxjQkDDP1mXWo6uco/ wiki/Oswald_Spengler.html. “Literary critic Northrop Frye said he ‘practically slept [with The Decline of the West] under my pillow for several years’ while a student. Spengler’s book inspired Frye to have his own ‘vision of coherence,’ resulting in Anatomy of Criticism. . . . Frye later criticized the over-reading of Spengler’s metaphorical system as actual history rather than an organizing principle. Northrop Frye argued that while every element of Spengler’s thesis has been refuted a dozen times, it is ‘one of the world’s great Romantic poems’ and its leading ideas are ‘as much part of our mental outlook today as the electron or the dinosaur, and in that sense we are all Spenglerians.’”

Wilkie, Brian. “Epic Irony in Milton.” In Blake’s Visionary Forms Dramatic, ed. David V. Erdman and John E. Grant. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2017. 359–72. “In calling Blake an epic poet we need no longer feel that we are being whimsical or using sleight of hand with the term epic. Blake revealed his own intentions clearly enough in his well-known letter of 1803: ‘I have in these three years composed an immense number of verses on One Grand Theme Similar to Homers Iliad or Miltons Paradise Lost the Persons & Machinery intirely new to the Inhabitants of Earth (some of the Persons Excepted),’ and since Northrop Frye’s noble commentary in Fearful Symmetry it has been clear that Blake himself understood the epic dynamics much as other poets had done.”

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Willard, Abbie. Wallace Stevens: The Poet and His Critics. Chicago: American Library Association, 1978. 204–5, 214. Provides abstracts of Frye’s two essays on Stevens, “The Realistic Oriole” and “Wallace Stevens and the Variation Form.” Observes that in the first essay Frye’s approach to Stevens by way of metaphor, though interesting, fails to account for the tension in Stevens’s tropes. Sees the second essay as an accurate account of the interplay between reality and imagination in Stevens’s poetry. Willard, Thomas. “Alchemy and the Bible.” In Centre and Labyrinth: Essays in Honour of Northrop Frye, ed. Eleanor Cook et al. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1983. 115–27. “By stressing the importance of archetypes, Jung and Frye have placed alchemy in an autonomous position, where it can withstand charges of being a false religion or pseudo-science. They have also explained the force of biblical symbols in alchemy.” –  “Analogia Visionis: The Importance of Analogy.” In Aithal, The Importance of Northrop Frye, 51–72. A study of Frye’s understanding of analogy: analogy is central to Frye’s practical criticism and it undergirds his own critical theory. –  “Archetypes of the Imagination.” In Lee and Denham, Legacy, 15–27. On Frye’s use of the term “archetype” and his eventual abandonment of the term because of its connection to Jung. Still, there are some common denominators in Frye and Jung, Frye’s “imagination” being close to Jung’s “collective unconscious.” –  “Frye’s Principles of Literary Symbolism: From the Classroom to the Critical Classics.” In Educating the Imagination: Northrop Frye Past, Present, and Future, ed. Alan Bewell, Neil Ten Kortenaar, and Germaine Warkentin. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2015. 132–46. On Frye as a teacher, based on Willard’s own experience, and on the contexts that shaped the course in “Principles of Literary Symbolism” that he taught for forty years. –  “The Genius of Northrop Frye.” In Rampton, Northrop Frye, 36–50. On the different meanings of “genius” as applied to Frye and his work. –  “Gone Primitive: The Critic in Canada.” In O’Grady and Wang, Northrop Frye, 110–20, and in Wang and O’Grady, New Directions, 117–35. On the influence of Frazer’s Golden Bough and Spengler’s Decline of the West on Frye’s archetypal theory and his understanding of primitivism in Canadian literature. –  “Making It New: Frye and Modernism.” Hamilton Arts and Letters Magazine 7, no. 2 (Fall–Winter 2014–15).

http://samizdatpress.typepad.com/halmagazine-issueseven-2/making-it-new-frye-and-modernism-bythomas-willard-1.html /. “When he chose the title for his Whidden Lectures of January 1967 (The Modern Century), Northrop Frye was referring first of all to the century of Confederation in Canada. He was also referring, of course, to the period that included his lifetime and that of his audience. And he was making a further reference to the period when literature and the arts worldwide were making late-Romantic and post-Romantic turns. The second lecture especially was devoted to a comprehensive description of the arts. It featured a word rarely found in Frye’s critical writing. He referred twice to ‘modernism’ and its ‘anti-Romantic’ phase, found especially in critics like Wyndham Lewis and T.E. Hulme.” Argues that “although it would be a stretch to call Frye a modernist critic, his aesthetics were clearly formed by reading modernist authors, especially Eliot and Joyce.” A careful and detailed reading of Frye’s The Modern Century, highlighting the connotations of “modern” and “modernism” in Frye’s thinking. –  “In Marvell’s Alchemical Garden with Northrop Frye.” Cauda Pavonis: Studies in Hermeticism, New Series 12 (Spring & Fall 1993): 6–8. Recounts “how Frye introduced the alchemical dimension [of Marvell’s ‘The Garden’] to graduate students at the University of Toronto.” –  “Northrop Frye and the Art of Reading.” Paper presented at the Northrop Frye Centre in the University of Toronto, 28 October 2015. https://www.academia.edu/people/ search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=northrop+frye. –  “Symbolism Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow: Frye’s Principles of Literary Symbolism in the Context of Twentieth-Century Criticism.” Paper presented at Educating the Imagination: A Conference in Honour of Northrop Frye on the Centenary of His Birth. University of Toronto, 4–6 October 2013. W[illeford], W[illiam]. “Myth Criticism.” In Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics, enlarged ed., ed. Alex Preminger. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1974. 955–8 [956–7]. Williams, Carolyn. ‘“Recovery as Reminiscence’: The Greek Studies and Plato and Platonism.” In Transfigured World. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1989. 235–81. After observing that Pater finds the myth of Persephone everywhere, notes that “a similarly extreme, ‘mythic’ literary-historical method is practised by Frye with some of the same results.Williams’s concept of encyclopedic form and formal analogy are drawn from Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism.

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Williams, Jeffrey. “The Rise of the Critical Interview.” New Literary History 50, no. 1 (Winter 2019): 1–22. Notes that Imre Salusinszky’s Criticism in Society: Interviews with Jacques Derrida, Northrop Frye, Harold Bloom, Geoffrey Hartman, Frank Kermode, Edward Said, Barbara Johnson, Frank Lentricchia, and J. Hillis Miller (New York: Methuen, 1987) appeared in Methuen/ Routledge’s “New Accents” series, a major source for theory to an Anglo-American audience. Williams, Rosalind. “Our Technological Age, from the Inside Out.” Technology and Culture 55, no. 2 (2014): 461–76. Points to Frye’s discovery in The Secular Scripture of the reinvention of romance by William Morris. Late in life Morris turned to fantasy of the Tolkien variety. Williamson, Edwin. “The Devil in Don Quixote.” Bulletin of Spanish Studies 18 (November 2015): 1–20. Williamson, Elizabeth. Review of Shakespearean Resurrection: The Art of Almost Raising the Dead, by Sean Benson. Religion & Literature 41, no. 3 (Autumn 2009): 147–9. “Shakespearean Resurrection is characterized by a real fondness for the poet and by an unusually deep pool of secondary source materials; Benson cites everyone from Jeffrey Knapp and Jean Christophe-Mayer to Germaine Greer and Northrop Frye.” Williamson, Eugene. “Plato’s Eidos and the Archetypes of Jung and Frye.” Interpretations 16 (Fall 1985): 94–104. Examines the similarities and differences among Plato’s theory of Ideas, Jung’s archetype-as-such, and Frye’s literary archetypes. Concludes that the three differ widely in the range of their reference, Frye’s being the most limited. His archetypes have no metaphysical sanction, and he had paid little attention to the similarities between his conception of the archetype and Jung’s, apparently because he wants to preserve the autonomy of criticism. –  “R.G. Moulton and Modern Criticism.” Journal of English and Germanic Philology 70 (1971): 632–48. Maintains that Moulton anticipates Frye’s advocacy of an inductive, “scientific” criticism which is descriptive rather than judicial. Willinsky, John. “Frye among (Postcolonial) Schoolchildren: The Educated Imagination.” Canadian Children’s Literature/Littérature canadienne pour la jeunesse 79 (Autumn 1995): 6–24. Argues that Frye’s The Educated Imagination provides the means of examining the lingering influence of imperialism on the way we teach literature to the young. Using instances drawn from the responses to the book by high school students, reviews the themes which Frye develops of

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uninhabited islands, being outside and other, the place of Canada, and the work of literature to show how the divide between West and East, civilized and primitive, continues to define critical work. –  “Northrop Frye: The Myth of Literature.” The Triumph of Literature/The Fate of Literacy: English in the Secondary School Curriculum. New York: Teachers College Press, 1991. Wills, Jenny. “Frye, Northrop (1912–1991).” In Encyclopedia of Post-Colonial Literatures in English. 2nd ed., ed. Eugene Benson and C.W. Conally. London: Routledge, 2005. –  “Northrop Frye.” In The Encyclopedia of Literary and Cultural Theory, vol. 1, ed. Michael Ryan. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2011. 202–4. Concise overview of Frye’s career. Wilson, A.N. “Despite Frye’s Efforts, We Still Don’t Get the Point.” Daily Telegraph (London) (UK)] (24 September 2001): 23. “Some of the most memorable lectures I ever attended were given in Oxford in the summer of 1970. The lecturer was the visiting Canadian professor Northrop Frye (1912–91), whose book Fearful Symmetry (1947) is the best thing I’ve read on Blake. Each lecture, also on Blake, began with a reference to what Frye had been talking about the previous week; but rather than saying, ‘Last week, I was talking about so-and-so,’ he declaimed, ‘Last day!’ followed by a long pause. Such was his mage-like charisma that it seemed half possible that he was actually announcing the end of time. Much later, I read Frye’s great book on the Bible and literature, The Great Code. The phrase is from Blake—‘The Old and New Testaments are the Great Code of Art.’ Frye brilliantly developed this theme, applying his idiosyncratic idealist philosophy—in which Hegel’s phenomenology becomes a sort of Midrash on Blake’s theology—to reading not merely the Scriptures, but life.” Wilson, Edward O. Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge. New York: Vintage, 1998. Wilson says that “some of the themes” in his chapter “The Arts and Their Interpretation,” “particularly the significance of mythic archetypes and the relation of science to the arts, are brilliantly anticipated in Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism.” Wilson, Ian Douglas. “Conquest and Form: Narrativity in Joshua 5–11 and Historical Discourse in Ancient Judah.” Harvard Theological Review 106, no. 3 (July 2013): 309–29. Shows that the Joshua narrative follows the conventions of the mythos of comedy, as defined by

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Frye in Anatomy of Criticism. More generally, draws on Frye’s and Hayden White’s theory of narrative form. Wilson, Jean, et al. “Interdisciplinary Study Abroad as Experiential Learning”/“Études interdisciplinaires à l’étranger en tant qu’apprentissage expérimentiel.” Comparative and International Education 45, no. 2 (September 2016): 1–17. “The issue of relevance has been complicated by literary and educational theorist Northrop Frye, who defines it broadly as ‘a vision of the human possibilities connected with that subject.’ In his writings on education, Frye contends that ‘No subject is more relevant than another: it is only [students] who can establish the relevance of what [they study] and the student who does not accept this responsibility does not deserve the name of student.’ If we take this notion seriously, we begin to see how the literature classroom, to take just one example, might become a site of deep experiential learning, where students are encouraged to claim the relevance of literary study, to ‘own their own learning.’” –  “Remedial Metaphor: Pedagogical Frye.” University of Toronto Quarterly 81, no. 1 (Winter 2012): 111–22. On Frye’s view of liberal education. Wilson’s notion of Frye’s social vision as being a matter of “the practical intelligence” is central to her argument of how Frye is relevant to teaching the liberal arts in the twentyfirst century. –  “Toni Morrison: ReVisionary Words with Power.” In Donaldson and Mendelson, Frye and the Word, 235–50. On the shared vision of Frye and Morrison: both privilege primary over secondary or ideological concerns. –  See Adamson, Joseph, and Jean Wilson, above. Wilson, John Howard. “‘Specific Continuous Forms’ in the Novels of Evelyn Waugh.” Readerly/Writerly Texts: Essays on Literature, Literary/Textual Criticism, and Pedagogy 4, no. 2 (Spring–Summer 1997): 55–69. Wilson-Okamura, David Scorr. “Belphoebe and Gloriana.” English Literary Renaissance 39, no. 1, (Winter 2009): 47–73. “For many decades, scholars tried to reconstruct the keystone [to The Faerie Queene] and so mend the poem. Then in 1961, Northrop Frye made the welcome suggestion that we don’t need the keystone after all: that by the time he wrote Mutahilitie Spenser had given up on the twenty-four book plan announced in the Letter to Ralegh, and that the books on public virtue were already in place, as Friendship, Justice, and Courtesy. Spenser’s design was foreshortened now, but essentially complete. Over the last forty-odd years, Frye’s hypothesis has hardened into a premise.”

Wilson, Milton. “Frye as a Reviewer of Canadian Poetry.” In Lee and Denham, Legacy, 146–54. Shows how Frye’s uses of the Aristotelian terms melos, lexis, and opsis are fundamental to his reviews of Canadian poetry, even though he does not use the terms in this context. Wilson, Raymond. “Slake’s Limbo: A Myth-Critical Approach.” Children’s Literature in Education 18 (Winter 1987): 219–26. Argues that Felice Holman’s Slake’s Limbo can be better understood and enjoyed if seen in the light of Frye’s phases of romance. Wimsatt, William K., Jr. “The Horses of Wrath: Recent Critical Lessons.” Essays in Criticism 12 (January 1962): 1–17 [5–8]. Rpt. in an expanded form in Wimsatt, Hateful Contraries: Studies in Literature and Criticism. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1966. 3–48 [17–20]. A survey of recent critical trends in which Frye comes under discussion as one of the mythpoeic critics. Objects to Frye’s separation of criticism and evaluation and to his proliferation of critical categories. –  “Northrop Frye: Criticism as Myth.” In Northrop Frye in Modern Criticism, ed. Murray Krieger. New York: Columbia University Press, 1966. 75–107. Rpt. in Wimsatt, Day of the Leopards: Essays in Defense of Poems. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1976. 74–96. Partially rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism, vol. 24, ed. Sharon R. Gunton. Detroit: Gale Research, 1983. A dissenting view about the value of Frye’s criticism. Says that Frye’s shifting categories lead to inconsistency, that his centring on the literary relations between works of art separates art from the rest of life, and that his archetypal interests cheat the individual work of its uniqueness. Wimsatt, William K., Jr., and Cleanth Brooks. “Myth and Archetype.” In Literary Criticism: A Short History. New York: Knopf, 1957. 709–11, 714. A brief analysis of one of Frye’s early essays, “The Archetypes of Literature.” Discusses Frye’s assimilation of poetry and myth and his effort to make criticism like a social science. Wimsatt, W.K., Jr., and Monroe Beardsley. “The Concept of Meter: An Exercise in Abstraction.” PMLA 74, no. 5 (1959): 585–98. Rpt. in Wimsatt, Hateful Contraries: Studies in Literature and Criticism. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1966. 108–45 [112–14, 122, 128–9]. An examination of Frye’s concept of metre as developed in the Fourth Essay of Anatomy of Criticism. Takes issue with Frye’s musical theory of metrics and to his idea that the four-beat metre is the inherent pattern in English verse. Winchell, Mark Royden. “Leslie Fiedler, Ahead of the Herd.” Southern Review 41, no. 2 (Spring 2005): 403–16.

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“Although he was a myth critic, Leslie Fiedler was unlike the rest of the breed. He realized that, if myth criticism was to offer an alternative to New Criticism or to any other favored approach, it would have to avoid mere schematics and help illuminate works of literature whose power was not fully explicable by other means. Reading The Golden Bough might tell us where T.S. Eliot got many of the symbols he used in The Waste Land; it could not tell us the literary value of those symbols. George Eliot represented one of the pitfalls of myth criticism when she created the character of Casaubon in Middlemarch: this dusty old pedant retreated from life to pursue a futile search for the ‘key to all mythologies.’ In the second half of the twentieth century, Joseph Campbell and Northrop Frye claimed to have found such keys.” Winchester, Ian. “Editorial: Do We Still Need Tenure?” Journal of Educational Thought/Revue de la Pensée Éducative 44, no. 1 (2010): 1–4. “While university teaching and research in our time is certainly not a leisure activity, it permits that sense of internal calm necessary for original thought and deep analysis without which our culture would falter and crumble. From time to time it even provides us with a Banting and Best or a John Polanyi or a Northrop Frye or a David Suzuki. No government and no business institution knows what kinds of thinking, discoveries, or inventions we need for the future. And university institutions are institutions that are constantly in pursuit of just that sort of knowledge, provided they are left alone to engage in it.” –  Review of The Mind on Paper: Reading, Consciousness and Rationality, by David R. Olson. Interchange 49, no. 1 (February 2018): 147–51. “One measure of an important, perhaps of a great, book is that it forces one to go back and read other books to which it appears to the reader to be related in a variety of ways. In my case it forced me to look again at Ryle’s The Concept of Mind, Northrop Frye’s The Great Code, Ryle’s posthumous collection of essays On Thinking, Vygotsky’s Thought and Language, McLuhan’s Gutenburg Galaxy, Russell’s Analysis of Mind. . . .” Winters, Sarah Fiona. “Streaming Scholarship: Using Fan Vids to Teach Harry Potter.” Children’s Literature in Education 45, no. 3 (2014): 239–54. The Harry Potter series conforms to Frye’s understanding of the quest romance. Winterton, Bradley. Review of New Literature in Chinese: China and the World by Zhu Shoutong. Taipei Times (16 February 2017): 14. The first chapter “looks at the history of the study of modern Chinese and other writing, with references to literary theorists such as

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Louis Althusser, Northrop Frye, Harold Bloom, Terry Eagleton and Jacques Derrida, as well as ‘a leading Slovak literary theorist’ called Dionyz Durisin.” Wise, Christopher. “The Figure of Jerusalem: Jacques Derrida’s Specters of Marx.” Christianity & Literature 54, no. 1 (Autumn 2004): 73–91, 153–4. Observes that Fredric Jameson had a frank admiration of Frye. –  “Jameson/Frye/Medieval Hermeneutics.” Christianity and Literature 42 (Spring 1992): 313–33. Argues that Fredric Jameson’s “polemical rejection of religious ‘continuity’ in Frye is neither central to any adequately conceptualized appropriation of Jameson’s work nor finally mandatory in any categorical sense, even within Marxian theory itself.” Sees the “theological” Marxism of Bloch and Benjamin as providing connections between Jameson and Frye. Wisner, Buell. “Textual Relics and Metaphysical Flux: Anti-Historicism in John Barth’s The Sot-Weed Factor.” CEA Critic 76, no. 1 (March 2014): 37–5. “In the precision and consistency of its archaic usage, the novel’s language represents one of the more memorable and virtuosic instances in the English novel of what Northrop Frye terms the ‘synthetic language’ of Romance.” Wiśniewska, Lidia. “Komparatystyka między Mickiewiczem a dniem dzisiejszym” [Comparative Studies: Between Mickiewicz and Today]. Wiek XIX. Rocznik Towarzystwa Literackiego im. Adama Mickiewicza 1 (2008): 81–110. In Polish. Says that in Frye’s worldview, the use of myths will go in two directions: “activating the myth of nature towards the philosophy of nature and activating the myth of God toward the philosophy of history and mysticism.” –  “Sklepy cynamonowe i inne w perspektywie mitów Boga i Natury” [Cinnamon Shops and Others in View of the Myths of God and Nature]. Konteksty 1–2 (2019): 213–22. In Polish. Begins with Frye’s distinction among the four forms of prose fiction: novel, romance, autobiography, and anatomy. Wisse, Ruth R. “The Yiddish and American-Jewish Beat.” Prooftexts 21, no. 1 (Winter 2001): 135. “Twenty years ago, literary history in American universities felt exhausted and passe, and as the product of a graduate education in literature that consisted almost exclusively of literary history, I bear witness to how deadly this approach had become. Literary history seemed a way of talking about the context of great works instead of about them. . . . We were clearly ready for Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism, Wayne Booth’s Rhetoric of Fiction, Victor Erlich’s Russian Formalism—for

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anything that focused on literary structure, voice, imagery, subtext—anything to get away from literary history.” Wittreich, Joseph. “Miltonic Romanticism.” In Oxford Handbook of Milton, ed. Nicholas McDowell and Nigel Smith. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2011. “Northrop Frye explains, artists in their creative capacity achieve Godlike status in their new role as the central figure in awakening and shaping civilization. As a journeyman, Frye continues, the artist’s turn is ‘downward and inward,’ with the ‘inner and hidden parts of the mind’ and the depths of the soul becoming the sites of sometimes anguished illumination. . . .” Wodzyński, Łukasz. “Modernism Romanced: Imaginary Geography in Jerzy Żuławski’s The Lunar Trilogy.” Slavic Review 77, no. 3 (Fall 2018): 685–703. “Drawing inspiration from the broadly conceived spatial turn in the humanities, the article positions Żuławski and his work within the literary tradition that utilizes the romance mode (as defined by Northrop Frye, Fredric Jameson, and others) to reflect on modern subjectivity and its relations with what Max Weber called the ‘disenchanted world.’” Wohlgemuth, Matthew L. “‘Suddenly Last Summer; or, What You Will’: Tennessee Williams, Herman Melville, William Shakespeare, and Demonic Myth.” Tennessee Williams Literary Journal 6, no. 1 (Winter 2008): 51–8. Woidich, Stefanie. “Nachwort und Ausblick auf die Vico-Rezeption in der anglo-amerikanischen Literaturtheorie” [Afterword and Outlook on Vico’s Reception in Anglo-American Literary Theory]. Vico und die Hermeneutik: Eine rezeptiongeschichtliche Annäherung. Würzburg: Könighausen und Neumann, 2007. 321–32. In German. On Frye’s use of Vico in his study of the phases of language in the Bible. Wolf, Virginia L. “The Cycle of the Seasons: Within and without Time.” Children’s Literature Association Quarterly 10, no. 4 (Winter 1986): 192–6. On the various ways that Frye’s four mythoi and their seasonal analogues operate in four works of children’s literature: E.B. White’s Charlotte’s Web, Laura Ingalls Wilder’s Little House in the Big Woods, Eleanor Estes’s The Moffats, and Louisa May Alcott’s Little Women, Part I. Wollheim, Richard. Art and Its Objects: An Introduction to Aesthetics. New York: Harper & Row, 1968. 59–61. An account of Frye’s concept of the radical of presentation as one of the essential defining characteristics of a genre. Reviews what Frye means by saying that the interpretation of generic conventions depends upon the conditions established by writers and their public.

The argument is one of “extreme ingenuity” and the radical of presentation strongly suggests that generic classification is intrinsic to literary understanding. Wolski, Paweł. Autobiograficzny trójkąt: Miasto— świadectwo—Zagłada [Autobiographical Triangle: City—testimony—Holocaust]. Autobiografia. Literatura. Kultura. Media 2, no. 3 (2014): 7–13. In Polish. Cites the Polish translation of “The Archetypes of Literature.” Woo, Han Yong. “Application and Features of Frye’s Theories to Korean Literature.” In The Legacy of Northrop Frye in the East and West: Proceedings of the Third Annual International Conference of Canadian Studies. [Seoul]: Canadian Studies Center, Sookmyung Women’s University, 1992. 67–86. On the use made of Frye’s archetypal criticism by Ki Ryong Yoo, Sang Woo Lee, Choon Oh Kim, and Han Yong Woo himself. –  “On the Literary Education of Northrop Frye.” Korean Canadian Society 2 (December 1994): 25–43. Woo, Sang Lee. “The Basic Pattern of the Novel.” Journal of the Institute of Humanities 20 (1999): 15–21. Wood, Brent. “Anatomy of a Voice: Robert Bringhurst’s Rhythms.” In Listening for the Heartbeat of Being: The Arts of Robert Bringhurst, ed. Brent Wood and Mark Dickinson. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2015. Devotes some attention to the claim of Frye, Robert Bringhurst, and Archibald MacLeish that poetry is mute. “Frye, in the process of defending his role as critic, quotes key adjectives from MacLeish’s oft-cited ‘Ars Poetica,’ which begins ‘A poem should be palpable and mute’ and ends ‘A poem should not mean / But be.’ Frye summarizes his point with the aphorism ‘criticism can talk, and all the arts are dumb,’ and his use of the word ‘talk’ rather than ‘speak’ seems to have inspired Bringhurst’s own distinction [‘it speaks but doesn’t talk’]. Frye likens poetry to painting, sculpture, and music in maintaining that they all ‘show forth, but cannot say anything.’ Frye maintains that poetry does not address a reader directly, but is a ‘disinterested use of words.’ Frye, like Bringhurst, is so gifted with simple analogical pronouncements on complex subjects that it is often hard to question them. But clearly he is also employing hyperbole here, expressing a general argument as if it were of universal application.” Woodbridge, Linda. Shakespeare and Magical Thinking. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1994. Draws on the work of Frye, C.L. Barber, and Mary Douglas. Woodbury, Stephen A. “Methodological Controversy in Labor Economics.” Journal of Economic Issues 13, no. 4 (December 1, 1979): 933–56. In a discussion of

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controversy, asks us to consider the writer of prose fiction or poetry, who of necessity assumes a certain framework of postulates and understands that readers will accept those postulates as conventions. Northrop Frye explained convention by use of the following example: “The poet, like the pure mathematician, depends, not on descriptive truth, but on conformity to his hypothetical postulates. The appearance of a ghost in Hamlet presents the hypothesis ‘let there be a ghost in Hamlet.’ It has nothing to do with whether ghosts exist or not, or whether Shakespeare or his audience thought they did. A reader who quarrels with postulates, who dislikes Hamlet because he does not believe that there are ghosts or that people speak in pentameters, clearly has no business in literature.’” Woodcock, George. “Art versus Culture.” Queen’s Quarterly 88 (Winter 1981): 672–8 [673–4]. A review of The Arts in Canada, keynoted by Frye’s essay “Across the River and Out of the Trees.” Refers to Frye’s rejection of the equating of political and cultural values and uses his attack on strident nationalist rhetoric as a touchstone for analysing the politics of culture. –  “Away from Lost Worlds: Notes on the Development of a Canadian Literature.” In Odysseus Ever Returning: Essays on Canadian Writers and Writing. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1970. 1–11 [2, 9]. Rpt. in Readings in Commonwealth Literature, ed. William Walsh. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973. 209–20 [210, 218]. On Frye’s influence on the poetry of James Reaney, Jay Macpherson, and Eli Mandel. On Frye’s influence as a critic, see Odysseus Ever Returning 134, 141, 143, 151. –  Beyond the Blue Mountains. Toronto: Fitzhenry & Whiteside, 1987. 71. In connection with a visit Frye made to the University of British Columbia, comments on Frye’s not responding “with delight” at the natural scenery in the area. “I had a clue to what disturbed me in Frye’s criticism; he created a huge critical schema because he wanted literature to appear as a construct apart from the nature he feared.” –  “Diana’s Priest in the Bush Garden.” boundary 2 3 (Fall 1974): 185–96. Rpt. in Woodcock, The World of Canadian Writing: Critiques and Recollections. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, 1980. 222–34. Claims that Frye’s isolation from the world of letters is a result of his loyalty to the academy and his creation of critical works that are themselves autonomous structures of the imagination. But despite his withdrawal, Frye has gained considerable fame outside the academic world because he is a “public” critic of Canadian literature and a creative critic. This latter is especially likened to his interest in Frazer, whose work is similar.

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–  “Frye, Northrop.” In Oxford Companion to Canadian Literature, gen. ed. William Toye. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1983. 282–4. Gives a biographical sketch and reviews the several roles Frye has played both inside and outside the university: teacher, scholar, administrator, reviewer, lecturer, and public critic. Glances at Frye’s critiques of Canadian literature and culture, and reviews his major works: Fearful Symmetry, Anatomy of Criticism, and The Great Code. “These works are without doubt Frye’s masterpieces, monumentally self-contained and self-consistent in their systemization of literary and cultural history.” The degree to which Frye figures importantly in Canadian literature is measured by the fact that he is mentioned in forty of the entries in The Oxford Companion to Canadian Literature, 2nd ed. –  “Frye, Northrop.” In Supplement to the Oxford Companion to Canadian History, ed. William Toye. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1973. 107–8. A short survey of Frye’s main achievements as editor, literary theorist, lecturer, and practical critic. “Canada’s most significant critic.” –  “The Lure of the Primitive.” American Scholar 45 (Summer 1976): 387–404 [397–8]. Studies the renewed interest in the primitive as represented by Frye’s lecture, “Sir James Frazer.” Frye seeks “manifestations of myth that are appropriate to the literary traditions he is discussing.” –  “Romanticism: Studies and Speculations.” Sewanee Review 88 (Spring 1980): 298–307 [300–1]. Sees in Frye’s work the “logical conclusion of Wilde’s doctrine of the critic as artist”—a movement away from the intention of the creative persona towards the structure of a critical vision as important in itself. Woodhouse, Howard. “Northrop Frye on Academic Freedom: A Critique.” Interchange 25, nos. 1–2 (1995): 71–89. Argues that Frye undermines academic freedom largely because of a faulty epistemology. Woodman, Ross. “Frye, Psychoanalysis, and Deconstruction.” In Lee and Denham, Legacy, 316–25. Juxtaposes Frye’s critical theory with deconstruction and with the Freudian view of the materiality of language, showing how their different assumptions do not preclude complementarity. –  “Frye’s Blake: The Site of Opposition.” In Sanity, Madness, Transformation: The Psyche in Romanticism. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2005. 47–85. An excursion, largely psychoanalytic, on the connections among Blake, Frye, and Jung.

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Woods, E.T. “The Anatomy of Memory Politics: A Formalist Analysis of Tate Britain’s ‘Artist and Empire’ and the Struggle over Britain’s Imperial Past.” American Journal of Cultural Sociology, 2019. “In this paper, I propose a new approach for understanding the meaning of memory politics, which draws upon the archetypal literary criticism of Northrop Frye. I suggest that the four archetypes elaborated by Frye—comedy, romance, tragedy, satire—can be used as a heuristic device for interpreting the contested historical narratives that are associated with the politics of memory.” Woods, Gillian. “Indulgent Representation: Theatricality and Sectarian Metaphor in The Tempest.” Literature Compass 11, no. 11 (November 2014): 703–14. Notes Frye’s recognition of the allusion to the Lord’s Prayer at the end of The Tempest. Workman, Mark E. “The Role of Mythology in Modern Literature.” Journal of the Folklore Institute 18 (January– April 1981): 35–48. Applies Frye’s analysis of mythic structures and images to works by Joyce, Hesse, Polanski, Hamsun, and Pynchon in an effort to account for the presence of myth in modern literature. Worman, Nancy. “Euripides, Aristophanes, and the Reception of ‘Sophistic’ Styles.’ In A Companion to Euripides, ed. Laura K. McClure. Maldan, MA: John Wiley & Sons, 2017. Cedric H. Whitman’s Euripides and the Full Circle of Myth, “a provocative and suggestive reading of Euripides, in light of Northrop Frye, is an underrated classic of its type.” Worrall, David. Review of Poetry and Popular Protest: Peterloo, Cato Street and the Queen Caroline Controversy, by John Gardner. John Clare Society Journal 33 (July 2014): 87–91. Thomas Hazard voices “this lowland, cultivated, ecologically nuanced poetic missing from E.P. Thompson’s account, a critical vacancy ultimately occupied by the high Romantic sublime of M.H. Abrams’s Natural Supernaturalism, a study which—along with Northrop Frye—dominated North American criticism and pedagogy for a generation. In other words, there’s a danger in Poetry and Popular Protest that we take away an impression of a radicalized working class intervened upon by absentee poets who appear never to have written back themselves.” Wright, Donald A. Donald Creighton: A Life in History. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2015. “A member of the same intellectual generation as Harold Innis, Northrop Frye, and George Grant, Donald Creighton (1902–1979) was English Canada’s first great historian.”

Wright, Jaime. “In the Beginning: The Role of Myth in Relating Religion, Brain Science, and Mental WellBeing.” Zygon 53, no. 2 (June 2018): 375–91. “Building upon the insights of scholars attuned to story, narrative, and myth, this article explores the relationship between myth, science, and religion. After clarifying the interplay of the three terms—‘story,’ ‘narrative,’ and ‘myth’— and the preference for the term ‘myth,’ this article will argue that myth can serve as a medium through which religion, neuroscience, and mental well-being interact.” Wright, Melanie J. Review of Reading the Gospels in the Dark: Portrayals of Jesus in Film by Richard Walsh. Literature and Theology 18, no. 3 (2004): 366–8. “Merges insights from literary and social theory (for example, Northrop Frye and Claude Lévi-Strauss; Peter Berger and Clifford Geertz) with contemporary New Testament scholarship, especially North American participants in the so-called ‘Third Quest for the Historical Jesus,’ such as John Dominic Crossan, Marcus Borg, and John P. Meier.” Wright, Peter Matthews. “After Smith: Romancing the Text When ‘Maps Are All We Possess.’” Religion & Literature 42, no. 3 (2010): 93–122. “Frye argued that the cultural ubiquity of Romanticisms after the 19th century reflected a decisive change in the way that men and women in Europe and North America had come to understand their world. More pointedly, the rise of Romantic literatures and ideals offered a ‘secular scripture’ and creed capable of competing with the sacred scriptures and creeds promulgated by religious institutions.” Frye observed that “the Romantic movement in English literature [was but] a small part of one of the most decisive changes in the history of culture, so decisive as to make everything that has been written since post-Romantic, including, of course, everything that is regarded by its producers as anti-Romantic.” –  “Northrop Frye’s Blakean Gift to Islamic Studies.” Paper presented at Educating the Imagination: A Conference in Honour of Northrop Frye on the Centenary of His Birth. University of Toronto, 4–6 October 2013. “Until he wrote Fearful Symmetry, Northrop Frye was a riddle waiting to be solved: a riddle that very well may have gone unsolved had he not discovered Blake and, in the process of that discovery, learned his own true identity as one of that poet’s most perspicacious readers. Armed with this knowledge and the confidence it gave him, Frye rescued Blake from obscurity and thrust himself into the limelight as a critic to be reckoned with.” In approaching Blake the way he did, Frye anticipated recent work in Qur’anic studies.

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Wu, Chizhe. “Reconsidering Frye’s Critical Thinking: A Chinese Perspective.” In O’Grady and Wang, Northrop Frye, 150–61, and in Wang and O’Grady, New Directions, 265–82. On Frye’s interest in Chinese culture and language. Wu, Fangmin. “An Archetypal Interpretation of Philip Roth’s American Pastoral.” Journal of the Bingtuan Education Institute 5 (2011). In Chinese. Wu, Gongzheng. “The Aesthetics of Archetype: The Aesthetics of Book of Poetry and Lisao.” Jianghan Forum 12 (1989). In Chinese. Wu, Han. “The Theory of Literature and the Application of Northrop Frye to Korean Literature.” Korean Comparative Study Society 17 (December 1992): 170–98. In Korean. Wu, Hong-hui. “The Modern Myth of Reconstruction: A Comparison of Jung and Frye on Myth and Archetype.” Journal of Young Teachers 6 (2007). In Chinese. The twentieth-century study of history, ethnology, and psychology opened up the development of the archetypal theories of Frye and Carl Jung, whose views are compared and contrasted. Wu, Ronghua. “A Cross-Cultural Interpretation of the Scarecrow Archetype.” Great Wall 10 (2009). In Chinese. Wu, Ronglan. “On the Biblical Archetypes in Lady Chatterley’s Lover.” Journal of Heilongjiang College of Education 4 (2010). In Chinese. Wu, Wenyan. “The Nature of Primitive Thinking in Fairy Tales.” Journal of Shanghai Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 4 (2001). In Chinese. Frye’s archetypal criticism and Propp’s formalism help reveal the existing patterns of primitive thinking in early humankind through a study of the folklore, fairy tales, and myths. Wunenburger, Jean-Jacques. “L’imaginaire reste un milieu psychique encore mal connu” [The Imaginative Remains a Poorly Understood Psychic Medium]. Caietele Echinox 2 (2002): 11–15. In French. On Frye’s taxonomy of mythical themes, as compared to the studies by by Durand, Bachelard, Cassirer, Ricoeur et al. Wuthnow, Robert. Rediscovering the Sacred: Perspective on Religion. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdman’s, 1992. Chapter 3, “Religious Discourse as Public Rhetoric,” uses Northrop Frye and Susan Rubin Suleiman as complementary visions on how persons from different perspectives can begin to understand one another. Chapter 3 originally

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appeared in Communication Research 15, no. 3 (June 1988): 318–38. Wyatt, Kyle Karsten. “Of Culture and Condos.” The Walrus (12 May 2012). https://thewalrus.ca/of-cultureand-condos/. On Frye’s views of the condominium mentality, which Wyatt sees as displacing his wellknown idea of the garrison mentality. Wymer, Rowland. “The Imitation of Christ: Michael Moorcock’s Behold the Man.” Mosaic: A Journal for the Interdisciplinary Study of Literature 52, no. 2 (June 2019): 93–109. Whether the quest by the hero “is judged to be a failed quest, which brings him to what Northrop Frye calls ‘the point of demonic epiphany . . . the goal of the quest that isn’t there,’ is very much a matter of individual interpretation.” –  “Perkin Warbeck.” Webster and Ford. London: Macmillan Education UK: Palgrave, 1995. 139–52. “The full Quarto title of Ford’s last major play reads The Chronicle History of Perkin Warbeck: A Strange Truth. However, it was entered in the Stationers’ Register as ‘a Tragedy called Perkin Warbecke.’ It is often tempting to dismiss concern with genre as a form of neoclassical pedantry obsessed with irrelevant ‘rules,’ but a number of major modern theorists, as varied as Mikhail Bakhtin, Northrop Frye and E.D. Hirsch, have powerfully restated the central importance of genre in literary theory.” (author’s abstract) Wynne-Davies, Marion. “‘Theatre Is a Temple to Memory’: Terry Hawkes and the Cardiff School.” Shakespeare Studies 44 (2016): 91–100. An article about Terence Hawkes’s course in Shakespeare. “The session began with useful reading material on comedy as a genre: this included Neville Coghill’s essay ‘The Basis of Shakespearean Comedy’ (1950), Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism (1957), and Mikhail Bakhtin’s Rabelais and His World (1968). From these Terry drew strands that he would subsequently interweave into his own theoretical position: from Coghill came the focus upon the traditional oral comedy found in Shakespeare’s plays, and from Frye, the importance of the ‘green world’ that allows the action to move cyclically from the flawed innocence of the old world, through the confused experience of the present, to the possibility of a combined innocence and experience in the future, where problems are solved through marriage and the invocation of renewed fertility.” Wythoff, Grant R. “On Method in the Humanities.” Configurations 26, no. 3 (2018): 289–95. On Bruno Latour, Northrop Frye, Marshall McLuhan, Robert Fogel, and the history of “method” in the humanities.

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“What’s so interesting to me about the proposal [to support a research group at the University of Toronto]—a formative moment in the history of my discipline, media studies—is how it plays off of McLuhan’s longstanding debate with his colleague and ‘nemesis’ at the University of Toronto, Northrop Frye, a scholar who couldn’t be more different. McLuhan was a convert to Catholicism, while Frye was an ordained minister of the Protestant United Church of Canada. McLuhan went to Cambridge and was trained by the founders of the New Criticism and its ‘close reading’ practices (I.A. Richards; F.R. Leavis), while Frye went to Oxford and formulated a unique, systematic approach to literally all of literature that would later inspire and echo the enthusiasms of structuralist theorists in the 1960s. Their debate was fundamentally one that centered on the question of method: McLuhan’s New Critical approach attempted to isolate the sensory structure of a single aesthetic experience, while Northrop Frye was a critic who attempted to formulate ‘a total systematic understanding of the fundamental laws governing all of literature.’ I don’t know if anyone has ever read Anatomy of Criticism but it’s an absolutely wacky book—and worth the read.” X Xerri, Daniel. “Poetry Writing in the Post-16 English Curriculum.” English Teaching 12, no. 2 (September 2013): 140–55. “In 1963 the literary critic and literary theorist Northrop Frye famously declared that ‘Poetry is always the central powerhouse of a literary education,’ advocating a belief in the centrality of poetry to any student’s engagement with literary culture. Similarly, Tunnicliffe claimed that nothing ‘exonerates the English teacher believing in the centrality of poetry from work on poetry writing as part of the normal curriculum.” This view was shared by Cox who argued that besides being asked to write literary essays, students should also be given the opportunity of trying their hand at writing other genres, such as poetry.” Xerri argues that poetry writing should be made a part of the secondary curriculum in Malta. Xia, Xiu. “A New Exploration of Northrop Frye’s ‘Archetype.’” Henan Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition) 32, no. 5 (2005). In Chinese. On the specific and general (abstract) meanings of “archetype.” Xianghua, Lin. “Northrop Frye and His Myth-Archetypal Criticism.” Global Literature 3 (1990). In Chinese.

Xiao-Bing, Mei. “Northrop Frye’s Theory of Myth and Archetyype.” Journal of the CPC Zhejiang Provincial Party School 1 (2004). In Chinese. Xiaoming, Yi. “The Theory of Frye’s Myth of Innovation and Its Origins.” Namyang Normal University 10, no. 2 (2003). In Chinese. Xie, Shaobo. “History and Utopian Desire: Fredric Jameson’s Dialectical Tribute to Northrop Frye.” Cultural Critique 34 (Fall 1996): 115–42. Jameson’s relationship with Frye hinges on the utopian project shared by Marxism and Frye’s archetypal criticism. Xin, Ya-min. “The Reformation and Independence of Criticism: From I.A. Richards to Northrop Frye.” Journal of Human University (Social Science) 27, no. 2 (February 2013): 94–9. In Chinese. Frye, along with I.A. Richards, John Crowe Ransom, and R.S. Crane, helped to establish criticism as an autonomous discipline. Xinde, Li. “Symbolism in Jude the Obscure” (28 December 2007). http://hi.baidu. com/%BE%B2%BE%B2%B5%C4%CF%C4/blog/ item/8696a4deb3d3c55cccbf1a90.html. Analyses Hardy’s novel by applying Frye’s archetypal theory. Xing, Tingting. “Archetypal Criticism Applied to O. Henry’s “An Unfinished Story.” Journal of the Hebei University of Science and Technology (Social Sciences) 6 (2012). In Chinese. Xiong, Biyun. “The Mountain Theme in “The Red and the Black.” World Literature Review 1 (2009). In Chinese. Xu, Ping. “Orwell’s 1984: An Analysis of the Archetype.” Journal of Xinyu College 4 (2011). In Chinese. Xu, Qian. “The Influence of the Archetype of Mother Earth, Nuwa, on the Status of Chinese Women.” Journal of Lianyungang Vocational and Technical College (Comprehensive Edition) 4 (2006). In Chinese. Xu, Yumei. “The Christian Elements in The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe.” In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Culture, Education and Economic Development of Modern Society (ICCESE 2019). Amsterdam: Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/iccese-19.2019.39. “Northrop Frye has made it clear that literature is not the mere imitation and representation of nature and society, but the embodiment of myth and ritual. He believes that literature is the prototype form of myth and he thinks that literature is the displaced myth. The ancient religions and myths are displaced in modern times. In the novel, the displacements are expressed by the images of the characters, the plots of the story,

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such as the plot of birth, death and victory etc., which finally contribute to the building of the sacred themes. According to Frye, the myth is the archetype. In the Western literature, the biblical stories, characters, plots and even some Christian themes are the archetypes. We discuss how this thesis applies to the character archetypes in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. And then we analyze the theme of ‘sin and salvation.’” Xue, Ruidong. “On the Tragicomical and Romantic Characters of As I Lay Dying.” Jiangsu Institute of Education Journal (Social Sciences) 5 (2006). In Chinese. Y Yachnin, Paul Edward. “Magical Properties: Vision, Possession, and Wonder in Othello.” Theatre Journal 48, no. 2 (1996): 197–208. Glances at Frye’s “idea of The Tempest as a play where wonder leads to self-knowledge and [Stephen] Greenblatt’s troubled but similar account of the effects of wonder.” Yaffe, David. “Everyone’s a Critic: (But There’s Only One Harold Bloom).” Baltimore Jewish Times 232, no. 8 (20 December 1996): 51. “However much the New Critics violently disagreed with Mr. Bloom’s admiration for Blake and distaste for Eliot, their reluctance to recognize his prodigious output seemed strange. [Bloom said] ‘I wondered what was going on, and I started to get phone calls and notes from four people—Walter Jackson Bate, Northrop Frye, Myer Abrams and David Erdman—and they all said something was rotten.’” Yaghjian, Lucretia B. “Flannery O’Connor’s Use of Symbol, Roger Haight’s Christology, and the Religious Writer.” Theological Studies 63, no. 2 (2002): 268–301. Draws on Frye’s distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic symbols to differentiate literary from religions symbols in the work of O’Connor and Haight. Yamagata, Kazumi. “Sekai o yomitoku metafā shūji: Furai no seisho tekisuto bunseki” [Metaphoric Rhetoric to Encode the World—Textual Analysis of the Bible]. Eigo Seinen/The Rising Generation 137 (1 July 1991): 173–5. In Japanese. Part of a special section of this journal devoted to Frye. See also the articles by Nakamura, Maeda, Ebine, and Hirano.

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Yamanouchi, Hisaaki. “Frye’s Criticism in England.” Eigo bungaku sekai [The English Literary World] 11 (February 1969): 7–9. In Japanese. –  “Introduction” to translation of Anatomy of Criticism. Hihyo no kaibo. Trans. Hiroshi Ebine et al. Tokyo: Hosei University Press, 1980. 515–27. In Japanese. Yamoto, Sadamoto. “Myth and Archetype.” Eigo seinen [The Rising Generation] 117 (October 1971): 42–4. In Japanese. –  “Northrop Frye: Schemata of Myth Criticism.” Eigo seinen [The Rising Generation] 116 (September– November 1970): 9–10, 17–19, 22–3. Incorporated into Yamoto, Literary Criticism as Teaching. Tokyo: Kenkyusha, 1974. In Japanese. Yamouchi, Kumi. “Suggestions of Northrop Frye.” English Literature Research 44, no. 2 (1968): 320–1. 2nd Division, Contemporary Criticism, Symposium (1st day), Report of the 39th Annual Conference of the English Language Academy of Japan. In Japanese. Yan, Jiezhi. “On the Imagery in The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe.” Technology Information (Natural Science) 31 (2007). In Chinese. Yan, Peter. “Frye and I.” Northrop Frye Newsletter 9, no. 1 (Winter 2001–2): 29–30. On the ways Frye inspired and continues to influence Yan as a student, teacher, and citizen of the world. –  “Northrop Frye: The Final Interview.” Indirections 18 (September 1993): 32–7. Rpt. in Interviews, ed. O’Grady, 1097–101. Frye replies to Yan’s questions about Aristotle’s four causes, the reader, and education. Yan, Zhijun. “Myth and Metaphor: Reading Lessing’s Mara and Dann from Frye’s Perspective.” New Century Foreign Languages, Literature and Cultural Studies. Nanjing: Southeast University Press, 2001. –  “Northrop Frye in Canada: Archetypal Critic and the Master of Cultural Criticism.” Foreign Literature 6 (2003). In Chinese. –  “Northrop Frye’s Cultural Criticism.” Foreign Literature Dynamics (December 2004).

–  “Wahei no ōkoku: Shirukin no shi o itamu.” Eigo Seinen/Rising Generation 13, no. 12 (March 1998): 722–3. In Japanese.

Yanbin, Kang. “Towards a Chinese Perspective on Dickinson.” Literature Compass 11, no. 3 (2014): 149–58. In a note, writes that “Northrop Frye remarks on the ‘oriental’ in Dickinson’s manner of existence: ‘the seclusion, the need for a preceptor, the use of brief poems as a form of social communication.’”

Yamamoto, Setsuko. “Anatomy of Criticism.” Studies and Essays 4 (1969): 63–76.

Yang, Byung Hyun. “Understanding the Role of Modern Literary Criticism.” Literature and Religion 1 (1995):

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155 ff. “In the late fifties and early sixties, there were some people who, like Northrop Frye, were quite concerned about literature and religion. During the heyday of New Criticism, there were critics who, like T.S. Eliot, wrote literary studies from a religious point of view. But the field of literature and religion signifies other developments as well—not only the urbanity and sophistication that is evident everywhere in this field, but more importantly, an openness to the immense possibilities of mutual enrichment.” Yang, Lijuan. “Anatomy of Criticism and the Construction of Cultural Literary Criticism.” Journal of the Northeast Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 1 (2004). In Chinese. Yang, Po-Han. “Soundless Music: The Interplay of Spatiality and Musicality in Chinese Calligraphy.” Journal of National Taiwan Normal University: Linguistics & Literature 55, no. 2 (2010): 117–36. “Western literary critics, such as Northrop Frye, Ezra Pound, and Andrew Welsh, have argued that there are three main organizing powers in the language of poetry and poetic creation: ‘melopoeia,’ the making of music, ‘phanopoeia,’ the making of the bright image, and ‘logopoeia,’ the making of the resonant word. This theoretical framework helps the researcher re-examine the poetics of Chinese Calligraphy with a different eye.” Yang, Rui. “The Archetype of the Mother in Liaozai Zhiyi.” Literature, History and Philosophy 1 (1997). In Chinese. Yang, Shu. “The Archetypes of the Moon and the Mirror in the Fiction of Eileen Chang.” Journal of Suihua University 5 (2006). In Chinese. Yang, Xiaolin. “A Discussion of Mythical-Archetypal Criticism.” Qinzhou Teachers College Journal 4 (2001). In Chinese. On Frye’s building a grand theoretical system from its sources in Frazer, Cassirer, and Jung. Yan-Ping, Zhang. “Biblical Archetypes in Tennessee Williams’s A Streetcar Named Desire.” Overseas English 8 (2011). In Chinese. Yao, Hui. “The Structure of Biblical Narrative in Robinson Crusoe.” Journal of Jiangnan Social University 2 (2011). In Chinese.

Yasuyo, Saito. Review of “The Bible and Literature: A Personal View from Northrop Frye” (a series of thirty video-recordings of his legendary course on the English Bible). Journal of Yamanashi Eiwa Junior College 23 (December 1989): 481–96. In Japanese. Yazicioğlu, Sinem. “The Interplay between the Local and the Global in Douglas Coupland’s Shampoo Planet.” Pamukkale University Journal of Social Sciences Institute/Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 26 (January 2017): 406–18. “Although Shampoo Planet uses globalization as a theme, it also responds to some of the predominant arguments in Canadian literary tradition, particularly Northrop Frye’s thematic reading of Canadian literature.” The article relies heavily on Frye’s ideas about Canadian identity as found in his “Conclusion” to the Literary History of Canada. Ye, Shuxian. “The Archetype and Chinese Characters.” Journal of Peking University 2 (1995). In Chinese. –  Exploring Literary Anthropology. Guilin: Guangxi Normal University Press, 1998. In Chinese. –  Exploring the Irrational World: The Theory and Method of Archetypal Criticism. Chengdu: Sichuan People’s Press, 1988. In Chinese. –  “Frye and New Historicist Cultural Studies.” In Chinese and Foreign Culture and Criticism. Chengdu: Sichuan University Press, 1996. In Chinese. –  ‘Frye’s Literary Anthropological Thinking.” In Toward a New Age of Comparative Literature. Chengdu: Sichuan University Press, 2000. In Chinese. –  “Myth-Archetypal Criticism in China.” Studies of Social Sciences 2 (1999). In Chinese. Published in English in O’Grady and Wang, Northrop Frye, 139–49, and as “Frye and Myth-Archetypal Criticism in China,” in Wang and O’Grady, New Directions, 219–37. Traces the origin and development of archetypal criticism in China, including Frye’s theory and practice. –  “On Myth and Ideology.” Journal of Jilin University 5 (2004).

Yao, Xueli. “The Distortion of Eden in Flannery O’Connor’s The Life You Save May Be Your Own.” Journal of Huangshan University 2 (2006). In Chinese.

–  “The Theory and Practice of Myth-Archetypal Criticism.” Journal of Shaanxi Normal University 2–3 (1986). In Chinese.

Yarbrough, Stephen R. “Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism, Harold Bloom and Dogmatic Poetics.” In Deliberate Criticism: Toward a Postmodern Humanism. Athens, GA: The University of Georgia Press, 1992.

–  ed. Shenhua yuanxing piping [Myth-Archetypal Criticism]. Xian: Shaanxi Normal University Press, 1987. Includes translations, from English into Chinese, of essays, including four by Frye. In Chinese.

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Yee, Thomas B. “Narrating Near-Death Experience: Chopin’s ‘Revolutionary Étude’ as an Interpretive Key in Eternal Sonata.” Chinese Semiotic Studies 14, no. 3 (2018): 329–46. “Developed by Northrop Frye and adapted to music analysis by James Jakob Liszka and Byron Almén, narrative archetypes describe the meaning of the formal structure of a musical piece in terms of the opposition of contrasting elements.” Yeh, Diana. “Staging China, Excising the Chinese: Lady Precious Stream and the Darker Side of Chinoiserie.” In British Modernism and Chinoiserie, ed. Anne Witchard. Edinburgh Scholarship Online: September 2017. http://edinburgh.universitypressscholarship.com/ view/10.3366/edinburgh/9780748690954.001.0001/ upso-9780748690954-chapter-010. “This chapter examines the production and reception of Lady Precious Stream by Shih-I Hsiung in the context of British sinophilia in the early twentieth century. This at once comprised a fascination with China circulating among modernist intellectuals and artists, including Bloomsbury circles, and the rather more denigrated vogue for mass-marketed Chinese exotica among the wider public. Lady Precious Stream provides an opportunity to explore the interconnections between the two. The production drew on long established traditions of chinoiserie, making much of ‘Chineseesque’ costumes, vases, tapestries, fans. The reception of the play was contradictory. Some hailed it as a highbrow masterpiece, for its non-naturalistic conventions and minimal scenery, which, they argued, freed audiences from the realism of English theatre and placed the Chinese theatre ahead of the most advanced producers in the West. Others, however, responded far less favourably, and characterised Lady Precious Stream, in Northrop Frye’s words, as a ‘slickly tailored piece of Chinoiserie.’ By considering the contradictory nature of the play’s production and reception, this chapter interrogates the politics of authorship, identity and exclusion in terrains of chinoiserie and Modernism.” (author’s abstract) Yeşilyurt, Şamil. “Ahmet mithat efendi’nin hasan mellah yahut sir içinde esrar ve zeyl-i hasan mellah yahut sir içinde esrar romanlarinda yolculuk arketipi” [The Archetype of Marijuana in Cannabis Novels . . .]. Turkish Studies: International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic 10, no. 16 (Fall 2015): 1185–1204. In Turkish. On the spiritual journey as a universal adventure. Examines the nature of the hero’s journey as charted in Jung’s Four Archetypes, Campbell’s The Hero with a Thousand Faces, Eliade’s The Myth of the Eternal Return, and Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism. “Many literary critics, particularly

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those who engage with lyric poetry, have been led to emphasize a specifically poetic space of reading that, due to the non-narrative nature of the lyric poem, occurs apart from, or in a suspension of, conventionally perceived or linear temporality. The space of the poem is a space of absolute presence, where lived time is suspended in favor of the time dictated by the act, or art, of reading a poem. This readerly act of suspending or diverting lived time and space (what Northrop Frye has called a ‘turning away’) is also a readerly surrender to a complicit and absolute becoming, and allows for a reading of the poem that emphasizes an experience of the poem dictated through a sympathetic relationship with the unfolding of the work itself.” Yi, Hyo In. “A Comparative Study of the Bonghwa (1946) and the Yi Jae Soo (1999).” Research on Contemporary Film 22 (2015): 107–132. Hyundai Film Institute, Hanyang University. A study of the differences between the narratives of two films, Bonghwa (Signal Fire, 1947) and Yi Jae Soo (The Uprising, 1999). Using Hayden White’s Metahistory and Frye’s theory of modes in Anatomy of Criticism, determines that Bonghwaa is a romance and that Yi Jae Soo is, in Frye’s terms, a high mimetic or low mimetic work. Yi, Xiaoming. “Concerned Myth: Frye’s Ideological Theory.” Journal of Capital Normal University (Social Sciences) 3 (2003). In Chinese. –  “Cultural Unconsciousness: Northrop Frye’s Theory and Criticism.” Journal of Capital Normal University 6 (2005): 51–8. In Chinese. This essay suggests substituting the new concept of “cultural unconsciousness” for the “mythical archetypal” label that has been used to describe Frye’s theory for a long time. –  “Frye’s Myth of Origins and Its Innovative Import.” Journal of Nanyang Normal College 10 (2003). In Chinese. –  “Northrop Frye’s Theory of Vision and William Blake’s Poetic Vision.” English and American Literary Studies 1 (21 August 2014): 350–65. In Chinese. –  “Northrop Frye’s Concept of Megaculture: Its Source and Features.” Humanities & Social Sciences Journal of Hainan University 3 (2003): 58–61. In Chinese. Analyses four influences on the development of Frye’s theory of culture: Spengler, Frazer, Cassirer, and Jung. –  “On Northrop Frye’s Popular Culture as the Blending of Commerce, Politics and Culture.” Journal of Zhanjiang Normal College 2 (2003). In Chinese. A critical review of Frye’s theory of popular culture. On the one hand, he validates the boundary-crossing between high

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and low literature. On the other hand, he shows his respect for elite culture. As for the advertisements of commercial culture, his recipe is to enhance imagination in education. –  “Northrop Frye on Elite Culture: Creation and Recreation.” Journal of Henan University (Social Science) 43, no. 3 (2003): 26–31. On Frye’s promotion of cultural pluralism. In Chinese. –  “Northrop Frye’s Theory of Ideology.” Journal of Central China Normal University 2 (2004). In Chinese. Yılmaz, Tuncer. “Karnavalizm, sokratik diyalog, menippusçu hiciv ve Erewhon” [Carnivalism, Socratic Dialogue, Menippean Satire, and Erewhon]. Motif Akademi Halkbilimi Dergisi [Motif Academy Journal of Folklore] 27 (2017): 849–70. In Turkish. Uses Frye’s conception of the Menippean satire, which is one of Frye’s four forms of prose fiction. Yin, Qiping. “Economic Meanings in John Ruskin’s The King of the Golden River.” Foreign Literature Studies 2 (2008). In Chinese. Follows up on Frye’s suggestion in Anatomy of Criticism that Ruskin’s treatment of wealth in his economic works is essentially a commentary on the “Golden River” fairy tale. –  “The Epidemic of ‘Progress’ in Little Dorrit.” Journal of Zhejiang University (Humanities and Social Sciences) 35, no. 4 (July 2005): 167–73. In Chinese. The structure of the novel reveals its theme, which in Frye’s words is “the alienation of progress.” Yong, Woo Han. “Frye’s Views about Literary Education.” Canadian Confederation: Korean Canadian Society 2 (December 1994): 25–43. In Korean. Yorba-Gray, Galen B. “Don Quixote till Kingdom Come: The (Un) Realized Eschatology of Miguel de Unamuno.” Christianity & Literature 54, no. 2 (Winter 2005): 165– 82. Argues that Don Quixote contains a combination of two of Frye five literary modes: romance and irony. Young, Brian. “‘Reading at Intervals’: Britten’s Romantic Poetry.” In Literary Britten: Words and Music in Benjamin Britten’s Vocal Works, ed. Kate Kennedy. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, Boydell and Brewer, 2018. “Blake had appeared in Britten’s music in strictly anthologised form, whereas the 1965 cycle is dedicated to the visionary poet then at the height of his rediscovery as a prophet for our times, as this interpretation had earlier been promoted by the literary critic Northrop Frye. Frye’s study, A Fearful Symmetry, published in 1947, is truly a contribution to the literature and culture of religious dissent, as Frye himself was a minister

in the United Church of Canada, a later product of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Dissent.” Young, David. “Shakespeare as a Writer of Comedy.” In William Shakespeare: His World, His Work, His Influence, ed. John Andrews. New York: Scribners, 1985. 489–503 [502]. Brief account of Frye’s studies of Shakespeare’s comedies, “which have substantially advanced our understanding.” Young, Dudley. “The Deep Wood’s Woven Shade.” PN Review 5 (1977): 65. Comments on Grevel Lindop’s “lively piece on Northrop Frye” which appeared in the PN Review: “Generating the Universe through Analogy.” See above. Young, Frances. Biblical Exegesis and the Formation of Christian Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Presses for a distinction between typological and allegorical interpretations of the Bible, drawing on Frye’s differentiating typology from allegory. Young, Joseph. “The American Pratchett? Muck and Modality in George R.R. Martin’s Song of Ice and Fire.” Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts 27, no. 2 (2016): 290– 308. “By following theorists as ideologically disparate as György Lukács and Northrop Frye I want to argue for an understanding of genre as an ideological product that encodes the world.” –  “‘Enough about Whores’: Sexual Characterization in A Song of Ice and Fire.” Mythlore 130 (Spring–Summer 2017): 45–61. Alyssa Rosenberg has observed that Westerosi sex in The Game of Thrones serves as a sort of moral litmus test—“it’s sexual misconduct that signifies monstrosity. The purpose of this article is to use literary theory to demonstrate the extent and purpose of the theme Rosenberg identifies. The first theory employed is Frye’s theory of modes, which demonstrates Martin to be an accomplished employer of ironic narrative.” Young, Kwon Taek. “All Literature as Story: Frye’s ‘Anatomy of Criticism.’” Introduction 188 (March 1990): 266–75. Young, Robert L. “Expectancy Narratives and Interactional Contingencies.” Symbolic Interaction 30, no. 4 (Fall 2007): 585–607. Uses Frye’s theory of the four types of plots to examine social interaction. –  “Narrative Form and Temporality in Public Discourse: Romance, Tragedy, and America’s Presence in Iraq.” In Studies in Symbolic Interaction, vol. 33, ed. Norman Denzin. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. 417–41. “Drawing on recent narrative research and Frye’s discussion of generic narrative forms in literature, contrasts the classic Romantic Narrative of

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

America’s occupation of Iraq presented in President Bush’s State of the Union addresses over the last six years of his presidency with the alternative narrative projected in the Democratic party’s formal responses to those addresses.” Young, R.V. “The Old New Criticism and Its Critics.” First Things (August 1993). “Beginning late in the 1950s . . . with the ‘archetypal’ criticism of Northrop Frye, the various attacks upon the New Criticism began to arise from a fundamentally incompatible understanding of the nature and purpose of literature. Frye would reduce all works of literature to a collection of variations on a few basic myths, universal in a vaguely Jungian sense, and he deprecates value judgments and hierarchical discriminations deriving from aesthetic considerations. After all, if what is distinctive about a work of literature is its embodiment of an archetypal myth, its unique features as a specific work will hardly be prized. From Frye’s quasi-religious perspective, literature constitutes a ‘secular scripture,’ with its authority drawn not from its own inherent revelatory features, but rather conferred by the interpreter, for whom each work serves as a vehicle for his own mythic fantasies and wish-fulfillments.” Youngblood, Stephanie. “Material Voices Queer Lyric and Aids Testimony in Frank Bidart’s ‘“Desire.’” GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 20, no. 3 (2014): 277–96. Young-hak, Cho. “Establishment of Myth Criticism and the Influence of Greek Tragedy.” Gyeonggi University Collection of Nominations 11 (December 1982): 151–72. In Korean. Youngren, William. “What Is Literary Theory?” Hudson Review 26 (Autumn 1973): 562–71 [563–4]. Brief remarks on Frye’s essay “The Critical Path,” which is found to be well-written and entertaining, even though it tends to celebrate its own terminology. Yu, Qin. “The Multidimensional Vision of Frye’s Literary Theory.” Lanzhou Journal 2 (2008). Shows how Frye’s vision is related by Chinese scholars to literary anthropology, cultural studies, aesthetic, religious and philosophical themes, postmodernism, psychology, and structural linguistics. In Chinese. –  “Frye on the Structure of Literary Texts.” Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology 13, no. 1 (2012): 47–53. In Chinese. –  “Frye’s Theoretical Notion of the ‘Existence’ of the Literary Text.” Journal of Chongqing Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 3 (2012). In Chinese.

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The state of existence of a literary work is dependent on its metaphoric language, its attention to the phrase as a grammatical unit, and the manifestation (epiphany) that derives from its structures. –  “On Frye’s View of the Triangular Relationship with a Text among Author, Reader, and Critic.” Journal of Qiqihar University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) 3 (2011). In Chinese. –  “On Frye’s View that Literary Significance Depends on the Autonomy of the Text.” Journal of Daqing Normal University 5 (2011). In Chinese. –  “The Theoretical Premise behind Frye’s Idea of a Literary Text.” Academic Journal 3 (2011). In Chinese. Yuichi, Hashimoto. “The Meaning of the Poem, as Based on the Mythological Criticism of Northrop Frye.” Journal of the School (1978): 25–47. In Japanese. Yumi, Sunahara. “Episodios de exclusión y aceptación en Pedro Páramo: A base de la teoría de los géneros de Northrop Frye” [Episodes of Exclusion of Pedro Páramo: The Foundation of Frye’s Theory of Genres]. Review of Inquiry and Research 101 (March 2015): 53–67. In Spanish. Yun, Hye-Young, and Kim Jeong-Yeon. “A Study on User Identity according to MMORPG’s Narrative Mode Focused on Blade and Soul and Darkfall.” Journal of the Korean Game Society 15, no. 1 (February 2015): 45–54. “This study analyzes the change of MMORPG [Massively multiplayer online role-playing games] in terms of conversion of narrative mode and discusses user identity according to the narrative mode, focused on Blade and Soul and Darkfall. These two games represent the conversion of narrative mode from Romance, which has ideal story for its main plot, to Irony, which has no background story. This change leads players to have performative persona composed by player’s personal motives compared to the persona composed by narrative motives.” The authors rely heavily on Frye’s theory of modes and his analysis of the features of mythical narratives (mythoi). Z Zachary, Lindsey. “Formalist and Archetypal Interpretations of The Cat in the Hat.” http://www. jbu.edu/academics/journal/2008/files/Zachary.pdf. “The second half of the paper explores The Cat in the Hat through the lens of archetypal criticism by using Northrop Frye’s theory of the mythos of satire to reveal the ways that Seuss’s story subtly affirms the satirical subversion of authority.”

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Zakariya, Nasser. “Cosmos and the Structure of ‘Epic Myth.’” In A Final Story: Science, Myth, and Beginnings. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017. “Attention to contemporaneous thinkers who studied myth and epic, including Northrop Frye, Joseph Campbell, and Hans Blumenberg, further elucidate motivations for establishing the epic-mythic science of Cosmos and beyond.” Zaleski, Marek. “Przekład w dziele poety” [Translation in a Poet’s Work]. Śląskie Studia Polonistyczne 5, nos. 1–2 (2014): 241–6. In Polish. Regarding Miłosz’s work as a translator: he omits William Blake and Walt Whitman, thinking they would be topics for separate books. This explanation can be accepted, especially with regard to Blake, practically every sentence of whose, according to Frye, is ironic. Zalewski, Cezary. “Mit a powieść. Prezentacja stanowisk teoretyczny [Myth and Novel: A Presentation of Theoretical Stances]. Pamiętnik Literacki: Czasopismo kwartalne poświęcone historii i krytyce literatury polskiej 3 (2006): 55–75. In Polish. “The article presents a panorama of theoretical stances referring to the mutual relationships between a myth and a novel. The conceptions were divided into four classes. The first (made up of papers by Juri Lotman and Northrop Frye [‘Dialektyka mitu według Northropeía Fryeía’]) concentrates on the genetic kinship and points out at the divergent influences that a myth gave on a novel (mostly at its birth). The second and the third group (represented by papers by John Vickery and John White) point at the presence of plots, quotations and mythical allusions or at some other (purely formal) loans in the novelistic narration. The fourth group of scholars (e.g. Mircea Eliade, Odo Marquard, Eric Gould) eliminates intertextual relations and replaces them with functional ones. The old purposes of myth were contemporarily taken over by literature and thus the novel—both in its form and its contents—is subject to mithologization.” Zangouei, Javad. “Joyce the Postmodernist: A Glance at Finnegans Wake.” K@ta 15, no. 2 (December 2013): 93–100. “Northrop Frye placed Finnegans Wake in a select genre of which the Bible is the prototype because the Bible plays such an important role in Joyce’s novel. Joyce’s frequent pastiche and parody are noticeable in Finnegans Wake in which ‘In the Buginning [beginning] is the woid [word; void]’ is a direct parody/pastiche of the Gospel of John. Furthermore, Joyce’s suggestion is that one should ‘renove the bible,’ ‘scrape [his/her] renewed.’”

Zantingh, Matthew. “Frye as Forefather? The Bush Garden and Canadian Ecocriticism.” The Goose 14, no. 2 (2016). Considers the importance of Frye’s collection of writings on Canada in The Bush Garden from an ecocritical perspective. Asks how Frye’s thinking remains problematic but might also be re-engaged from a contemporary perspective. Zarei, Narges. “The Postmodern Analysis of Marry Me: A Romance in Terms of Form.” Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal 2, no. 1 (February 2019): 24–37. “Many critics and scholars have discussed romance, the first one being Northrop Frye, who develops a grammar of romance. He defines romance in Anatomy of Criticism as the ‘nearest of all literary forms to the wish-fulfilment dream.’ And for that reason he writes: ‘it has socially a curiously paradoxical role.’ He asserts that “romance is a historical mode and a mythos rather than a genre. The reason it is a mode comes from Aristotle’s theory of character in the Poetics. Frye says that the hero of romance is ‘superior in degree to other men and his environment . . . whose actions are marvelous but who is himself identified as a human being.’ Therefore, according to him, romance is a ‘generic plot.’” Zariski, Archie. “Frye’s Legacy.” http://law.murdoch.edu. au/academics/zariski/fri/frye.html. On Frye and the nature of modern Western subjectivity. –  “Virtual Words and the Fate of Law.” Journal of Information, Law and Technology 1 (27 February 1998). http//ltc.law.warwick.ac.uk/jilt/elecpub/98_lzar/zariski. htm. In considering the consequences for law of the digitalization of its texts and experiences in cyberspace, sees Frye’s writings, particularly his taxonomy of the phases of language and the forms of writing in The Great Code and Words with Power, as providing insights into the possible future of law in cyberspace. Concludes that digitalization in itself will not satisfy the human need for meaningful personal narrative in law as in other interpersonal affairs. “Frye teaches us to be aware of the content-related biases of a communicative medium in order to understand its impact on the mind.” Concludes further “that the descriptive mode of writing poses a threat to human dignity and agency not only in literature but in legal culture as well.” Zarov, Herbert. “Milton and the Rhetoric of Rebellion.” Milton Quarterly 7, no. 2 (1973): 47–50. “If one is confronting the archetypal argument that the power of Satan’s story lies in the universal imaginative patterns it follows, one must necessarily focus on the critical method itself before approaching the poem. How, to take the most perplexing instance of this problem, is

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

it possible to explain the difference between Northrop Frye’s traditional Christian view of the poem and [R.J. Zwi] Werblowsky’s militantly Satanist reading in view of the central claim of each that archetypal criticism is ‘value free’?” Zatkalik, Miloš. “There Is Also a Story in Lutosławski: Narrative Archetypes in the First Movement of Witold Lutosławski’s Second Symphony.” Zbornik Radova Akademije Umetnosti no. 4 (1 January 2016): 94–109. “The paper will investigate how the flow of events in the first movement can be related to the system of mythos—the archetypal narrative categories—as were first defined by the Canadian literary critic Northrop Frye, and adjusted for musical narrative by Byron Almén. The system is based on the intersection of the two fundamental opposites: defeat/victory and order/ disorder, resulting in four categories: comedy, romance, irony/satire and tragedy.” Zborowski, James. “Distance, Representation and Criticism.” In Classical Hollywood Cinema: Point of View and Communication. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2016. “In so far as they are offered and received as instances of the category of art, fiction films should be treated by their viewers as objects for contemplation. That is, an aesthetic relationship necessitates distance. As Northrop Frye points out, ‘[t] he phrase “aesthetic distance” is generally accepted now in criticism, but it is almost a tautology: wherever there is aesthetic apprehension there is emotional and intellectual detachment.’ It has even been argued that art’s very raison d’être is to place objects of perception at a distance so that we might experience them anew: ‘art exists that one may recover the sensation of life; it exists to make one feel things, to make the stone stony.’” Zellinger, Elissa. “Lyrical Strategies: The Poetics of the Twentieth-Century American Novel.” Studies in the Novel 50, no. 3 (Fall 2018): 453. Review of Lyrical Strategies, by Katie Owens-Murphy. “Judging from her citations, Owens-Murphy only draws from a single camp in lyric theory, one whose practitioners—such as Mutlu Blasing, Jonathan Culler, and Northrop Frye— tend to treat lyric as an ahistorical, ever-present genre.” Zeng, Yan Yu. “Northrop Frye’s Myth Criticism: Interpretation and Reflection on Chinese Mythologies.” Journal of Xiangtan Normal University (Social Science Edition) 3 (2003): 89–94. In Chinese. Unlike Greek mythology, Chinese mythology is fragmented and unsystematic, scattered in the different books of different dynasties. According to Frye, myth is evolved from ideology and the myth of concern and myth of freedom should coexist in a society in a balanced and

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harmonious way. But with Confucius the myth of concern became dominant and the myth of freedom was suppressed. Therefore the myth of concern and myth of freedom were out of balance, which made the systematic development of Chinese mythology impossible. Zenit Staff. “Prelate: Bible Key for More Than Christianity: Says Scripture Is Europe’s ‘Mother Tongue.’” Zenit: The World Seen from Rome (24 June 2008). “The Bible is a cornerstone, not just of Christianity, but of Western civilization, proposed Archbishop Gianfranco Ravasi. The president of the Pontifical Council for Culture affirmed this in Portugal last Friday, when he gave a talk on ‘The Bible: The “Great Code” of Western Culture’ at the Portuguese Catholic University. According to the archbishop, the Bible is present in Western culture ‘as structural component of the artistic, ethical and social fields.’ Citing literary critic Northrop Frye, Archbishop Ravasi said that ‘Scripture is the universe in which Western literature and art acted until the 18th century and, to a great extent, still act.’” Zerbe, Michael J. “Satire of Science in Charles Dickens’s Mudfog Papers: The Institutionalization of Science and the Importance of Rhetorical Diversity to Scientific Literacy.” Configurations 24, no. 2 (Spring 2016): 197–227. “One of the primary purposes of satire is to call attention to individual or institutional actions that are, in the opinion of the satirist, uninformed, immoral, unjustified, illogical, unproductive or wasteful, or contrary to shared goals. Satire endeavors to act as a rhetorical check on the power of individuals and institutions that possess the authority and means to perform these actions, which influence the lives of stakeholders (i.e., those who are potentially affected by the actions), perhaps including the satirist. Satirists who seek change—and not all of them do—often hope that the attention provoked by the satire will galvanize public support for a shift in policy and/or sufficiently embarrass the authoritative individuals or institutions so that they modify their actions and correct the faults pointed out by the satirist. This entire process is, as Northrop Frye observes in his description of Menippean satire as a critique of Cicero’s grand style, quintessentially rhetorical. As Frye writes, ‘The Menippean satirist, dealing with intellectual themes and attitudes, shows his exuberance in intellectual ways, by piling up an enormous mass of erudition about his theme or in overwhelming his pedantic targets with an avalanche of their own jargon.’” Zettelmann, Eva. “Apostrophe, Speaker Projection, and Lyric World Building.” Hereditas 154 (2017): 189–201. Review of Jonathan Culler’s Theory of the Lyric. Culler’s

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category of “triangulated address” adapts Frye’s wellknown definition of poetry as “the utterance that is overheard.” Zhang, Bei. “On the Terms ‘Narration’ and ‘Meaning’ in Frye’s Criticism.” Journal of Jiangsu Institute of Education (Social Science Edition) (January 2006). On two important analogues for Frye. Narration or mythos is analogous to ritual, and meaning, or dianoia, is analogous to dream. Zhang, Chengquan. “The Archetypal Significance of the Genre Dunhuang Rianwen.” Journal of Yindu 3 (1992). In Chinese. Zhang, Deming. “On the Myth-Archetypal Mode of Blake’s Poetry.” Foreign Literature Review 1 (1990). In Chinese. Zhang, Fangfang. “Imperial Imagination in Cymbeline.” Theory and Practice in Language Studies 7, no. 5 (May 2017): 345–9. In A Natural Perspective Frye maintained “that the ‘reconciliation between the two Trojan nations’ is central in the play. Alliance of the ancient Briton and Roman is core to the play and palatable to the Jacobean imagination. Shakespeare’s rendering of the Romans and Britons originates from and is embedded into the Jacobean imagination of an empire.” Zhang, Ge. “A Study of William Carlos Williams’ The Red Wheelbarrow Using Frye’s Theory of Symbols.” Journal of Chongqing University (Social Sciences) 4 (2005). In Chinese. Zhang, Hongyan. “On the Tragic Archetype in Dreiser’s An American Tragedy.” Journal of Henan Mechanical College 6 (2007). In Chinese. Zhang, Jian. “Deeper Communication: Eliot’s East Coker beyond the Earthly Life.” Foreign Literature Studies 2 (1996). In Chinese. Draws on Frye’s understanding of the apocalyptic vision of the Four Quartets. Zhang, Jie. “The Hermeneutic Definition of the Archetype.” Journal of Hubei Minority College 1 (1997). In Chinese. –  “The Three Levels of an Archetypal Interpretation.” Studies of Literature and Art 5 (1996). In Chinese. Zhang, Lijuan. “Ye, Shuxian 葉舒憲, Laozi and Myth 老 子與神話.” Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy 18, no. 4 (December 2019): 659–63. “The author makes reference to multiethnic folklore and abundant research from abroad, such as the ancient Indian Rigveda; the native Australian myth, Yhi Brings Life to the World; Metaphor and Reality by American scholar P.

Wheelwright; The Great Code: The Bible and Literature by Herman Northrop Frye. . . . ” Zhang, Longxi. “Northrop Frye’s Critical Theory.” Studies in Foreign Literature 4 (Winter 1980): 120–9. In Chinese. On Frye’s influence and impact in Europe, Canada, and the U.S. The first essay on Frye published in mainland China. –  “Poetics and World Literature.” Neohelicon 38, no. 2 (December 2011): 319–27. Calls on Frye to help unscramble the meaning of Aristotle’s hamartia. Zhang, Su-Mei, and Yu-chao. “Frye’s Myths of Concern and Freedom.” Forum 7 (2005). In Chinese. Zhang, Wei. “Bao feng yu zhong de gu Xila shen hua yuan xing.” Foreign Literature Studies/Wai Guo Wen Xue Yan Jiu 30 (December 2008): 112–16. Zhang, Wenhui, and Han Bin. “The Causes of Tragedy in Uncle Tom’s Cabin.” Abstract at http://www.bysj100. cn/Soft/en/200902/6031.html. Use Frye’s theory of the archetype to analyse the characters in Stowe’s novel. Zhang, Wen-xi. “Frye’s Archetypal Theory Applied to the Legend of the Women in the Chinese Novel ‘Three Words.’” Journal of Nanchang College of Education 9 (2012). In Chinese. –  “Myth, Echo and Literary Tradition: The Analysis of Northrop Frye’s Poetry Criticism.” Journal of Hunan University of Science and Technology 20, no. 2 (2017): 128–33. –  “The ‘Northrop Frye Effect’ in the History of Canadian Literary Criticism.” Journal of Northeast Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences) (February 2017). On the important role played by Frye in the criticism of Canadian literature. –  “Using Frye’s Archetypal Theory to Analyze the Female Legends in San Yan.” Journal of Nanchang College of Education (September 2012). Zhang, Wenzhao, and Qiao Guoqiang. “Classicalization and Classicality of Theory: Frye’s Thought in the West.” Foreign Literature Studies 40, no. 6 (December 2018): 164–73. Zhang, Xi. “Critical Research of Frye’s Theory of Archetypal Criticism.” Journal of Gansu Institute of Education 4 (2001). In Chinese. –  “Frye’s Archetypal Criticism and Critical Theory.” Chizhou Teachers College Journal 1 (2004). In Chinese.

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

Zhang, Xiuzhe. “The Female Legend in ‘Sanyan’ Analyzed as an Archetype in Frye’s Sense.” Journal of Nanchang College of Education September 2012. In Chinese. Zhang, Ying. “The Biblical Myth and Archetypal Analysis of Willa Cather’s My Antonia.” Journal of the Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology 29, no. 150 (2012): 55– 7. In Chinese. Following Frye, analyses the archetypical biblical myths of My Antonia. Zhang, Yingbo. “Biblical Archetypes in the Novels of Katherine Anne Porter.” Journal of the Harbin Institute of Technology 11 (2011). In Chinese. Zhao, Linghe. “The Influence of Myth and Archetype on Chinese and Western Romantic Literature.” Forum on Folk Literature 2 (1997). In Chinese. Zheng, Jia Shun Li Min. “George Eliot’s Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained: An Analysis of Adam Bede as a Biblical Archetype.” Journal of Maoming College 5 (2010). In Chinese. Zhou, Jianzhong. “Xiao Bing’s Studies of Chuci and Frye’s Archetypal Criticism.” Journal of Huaiyin Teachers’ College 4 (1996). In Chinese. Zhou, Min. “The Myth, Ritual, and Archetype Approach to D.H. Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers.” Journal of the Zhejiang Ocean University (School of Humanities) 1 (2012). In Chinese. Zhu, Diguang. “The Archetype and Three Ancient Chinese Classics.” Journal of Hengyang Teachers’ College 5 (1996). In Chinese. Zhu, Gang. “Literary Heritage of Northrop Frye: An Interview at the Frye Centre.” Foreign Literature Newsletter 2 (1999). Zhu, Hongxiang. “Ibsen’s Wild Duck from the Perspective of Myth and Archetypal Criticism.” Journal of Yancheng Teachers University (Humanities and Social Sciences) 6 (2006). In Chinese. Zhu, Shoutong. New Literature in Chinese: China and the World. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016. First chapter looks at the history of the study of modern Chinese literature and other writing, with references to recent theorists, including Frye. Compares Frye’s theory of archetypes with Althusser’s theory of homology. Zier, Mark A. “Literature, the Bible, and Northrop Frye: or What Has Toronto to Do with Jerusalem?” Paper presented at the Eastern International Regional Meeting of the American Academy of Religion, Hamilton, Ontario, 1984.

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Zinnes, Harriet. Review of Sound and Poetry, ed. Frye. New York: Columbia University Press, 1957. Books Abroad 33, no. 2 (Spring 1959): 223–4. “Northrop Frye with his usual brilliance analyzes the influence of music on poetry, although he understresses what he himself acknowledges, namely: we should expect poets to learn techniques from their own art.” Ziolkowski, Eric J. “Axial Age Theorising and the Comparative Study of Religion and Literature.” Literature and Theology 28, no. 2 (2014): 129–50. Notes Frye’s remark that “that Eliade’s writings on religious symbolism were . . . directly relevant to literary studies.” Also remarks that Jonathan Culler and others accuse Frye of promoting religion. –  “Between Religion and Literature: Mircea Eliade and Northrop Frye.” Journal of Religion 71, no. 4 (October 1991): 498–522. A comparison of the common scholarly and critical assumptions and methods of Frye and Eliade, and an examination of their differences. –  “Great Code or Great Codex? Northop Frye, William Blake, and Construals of the Bible.” Journal of the Bible and Its Reception 1, no. 1 (2014): 3–28. “This article reconsiders Northrop Frye’s classic study of the Bible and literature, The Great Code (1982), in order to question whether his application of that titular phrase might not significantly distort the meaning the phrase must have borne for its coiner, William Blake. My contention is that Blake’s engraving of the Laocoön, in which the ‘Great Code’ aphorism appears, is itself a code of sorts, but not in Frye’s sense of a key to be used to unlock the meanings of works of art and literature—or to unlock anything else, for that matter. Nothing in the Laocoön, or in any of Blake’s other works, suggests that this was what Blake meant by ‘code.’ Nor do any of the connotations the term bore in English usage in Blake’s time suggest such a meaning. My suggestion is that, far from promoting the Bible as a forward-functioning key by which to decipher the mythology of post-biblical literature, Blake’s Laocoön is a work fixated upon its own complex, synthesizing reception of the biblical and classical past, a tradition of strong creative misprisions about whose all-powerful influence Frye’s own work betrays an unmistakable anxiety in Harold Bloom’s sense of the phrase.” (author’s abstract) –  “Introduction.” A Handbook of Biblical Reception in Jewish, European Christian, and Islamic Folklores. Berlin and Boston: Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2017. Addresses the issue of whether the Bible should be seen as a unified single book—the position taken by Frye—or as a collection of shorter books—the position taken by Harold Bloom.

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Ziolkowski, Theodore. “Five Theses on Generic Transformation Exemplified by Twentieth-Century Lyric Poetry in Germany.” Neohelicon 13, no. 1 (1986): 9–35. Begins with an account of Frye on genre. –  “Literary Variations on Bach’s Goldberg.” The Modern Language Review 105, no. 3 (July 2010): 625–40. “Northrop Frye has suggested that Wallace Stevens’s propensity for such formal symmetries as the threetimes-ten sections of Notes toward a Supreme Fiction or the thirty-one sections of An Ordinary Evening in New Haven is reminiscent of the Goldberg Variations.” –  “Specific Compositions.” Music into Fiction: Composers Writing, Compositions Imitated. Suffolk, UK: Boydell and Brewer; London: C. Hurst & Company, 2017. Regarding Bach’s Goldberg Varitions, Ziolkowski says, “Northrop Frye has suggested that Wallace Stevens’s propensity for such formal symmetries as the threetimes-ten sections of “Notes toward a Supreme Fiction” or the thirty-one sections of ‘An Ordinary Evening in New Haven’ is reminiscent of the Goldberg Variations.” Zirker, Herbert. “Margaret Atwood, The Handmaid’s Tale: A ‘Variety of Literary Utopias.’” Chap. 6 in Selected Essays in English Literatures: British and Canadian. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 2002. 117–30. Applies Frye’s analysis of literary utopias to Atwood’s novel. Zirra, Ioana. “The Culturalist Brand in the Recent British Literary Tradition: National Self-Portrayal in Virginia Woolf’s Orlando and John Fowles’s The French Lieutenant’s Woman.” University of Bucharest Review: Literary and Cultural Studies Series 1 (2008): 26–32. “Orlando breathes its own aesthetic rules of the game in the encyclopaedic but highly selective, even select, space—described by Northrop Frye as the anagogical space of the utmost ambitious literariness. Aesthetic anagogy distinguishes itself by an infinitely connoting/ connotative autonomy. An anagogical literary work, Frye explains (in his second essay of the Anatomy of Criticism, containing a theory of symbols) is a monad, in the substantial sense: it is self-sufficient, establishing its own reading rules and nuclear meaning. In Orlando the meaning is centred upon the figure of the artist as sublime and complete.” –  “Durability and Transience in the Typological and Historical Prefix ‘Post’: Revisiting the Modernist and Postmodernist Versions of the Artistic Pastoral Today.” University of Bucharest Review: Literary and Cultural Studies Series 2 (2009): 40–50. “One ends up preferring the predictable density of the neo-modernist dystopian sermons in the mid 20th century to the diluted dystopias at the end of what Northrop Frye had called the ironical

mode in literature in the first Essay of the Anatomy of Criticism or the mythos of satire and irony, in the Third Essay.” –  “Genres and Historical Forms of the Literary Imagination Today: A Philosophy of Literature Approach.” University of Bucharest Review: Literary and Cultural Studies Series 1 (2010): 129–38. “Following the path that leads from the dramatic and fictional mask to what Freudians call dramatization and literary critics have always known as irony, we note that in the background/foreground play of the speaking voice there are unexpected continuities and correspondences within and among the modern traditions. First there is continuity between the most experimental texts/artifacts of English high modernism (called monads by Northrop Frye) and the 19th-century dramatic monologue. . . . the speech through the mask embeds the text as a whole in a point of view given as a voice and allows the concrete voice to lend its intuitive and cultural accents to the text. This gives it precedence over the context and grounds the novelty or originality desirable for any experimental artifact which craves for uniqueness, as we know from Northrop Frye, who called the anagogical literary modernist text a monad (in the second essay of the Anatomy of Criticism) and saw its centrality for what he labelled as the ironic literary mode (in the first essay of the Anatomy of Criticism).” –  “Methodological Assumptions from the Perspective of Historical & Archetypal Criticism and Narratological Tools for the Practical Criticism of Victorian Fiction.” Contributions of the British Nineteenth Century—the Victorian Age—to the History of Literature and Ideas. http://ebooks.unibuc.ro/lls/IoanaZirra-VictorianAge/4. htm. Uses Frye’s Anatomy as a tool for classifying nineteenth-century British fiction. –  “Recent Violent Intertextual and Dystopian Reinscriptions of Mother Nature in James Joyce’s Ulysses and Doris Lessing’s The Fifth Child.” University of Bucharest Review: Literary and Cultural Studies Series 1 (2012): 112–22. “In accordance with the rules set down by Northrop Frye’s third essay of Anatomy of Criticism, the emphasis is on the natural cycle played against ‘the steady unbroken turning of the wheel of fate or fortune’ in order to ruin individual dreams, the social order and its conventions.” “Typically for Northrop Frye’s mythos of winter, which governs irony and satire, the scene remains haunted by evil, rather than being, or likely to be, purged in order to achieve catharsis, as in tragedies.” Zis, Avner Iakovlevich. “Markisto-leninskaia teoriaa iskusstva i ee burzhuaznye kritiki” [Markist-Leninist Theory of Art and Its Bourgeois Critics]. Voprosy filosofii

Essays, Articles, and Parts of Books

12 (1980): 148–59. In Russian. Rpt. as “The MarxistLeninist Theory of Art and Its Bourgeois Critics” In Soviet Studies in Philosophy 20 (Summer 1981): 83–104 [92–3]. Maintains that although Marxist aesthetics does not deny the importance of myth in the history of culture, to reduce all creation in art to myth-making, as is done for example, by Northrop Frye, leads away from an understanding of the objective foundations of artistic creation and away from the social content of art. Myth, rather, is best understood in terms of Lenin’s theory of reflection. Zlatar, Manuela. “Mit i romansc—2.dio” [“Myth and romance—part 2”]. http://www.newsmart.me/mit-iromansa.html. In Croatian. Žmuida, Eugenijus. “Divine Transcription of European History as Accident in Ignas Šeinius’ Satirical Novel Rejuvenation of Siegfried Immerselbe.” Colloquia Comparativa Litterarum 1 (2019): 65–72. “Šeinius’ second novel, Rejuvenation of Siegfried Immerselbe (1934), firmly represents the expressionistic (ironic and satirical) style. Such worldview and writing style became dominant in the second half of Šeinius’ life. . . . the novel Rejuvenation of Siegfried Immerselbe shows the virtuoso game in popular myths. The intertextual links were rare in Lithuanian literature in the 1930s when realism or introspection-type literature dominated. Expressionist modernism was rather shocking and unacceptable to the public, as Lithuanian culture was still very young and not accustomed to the multi-layered art. However, authors like Šeinius, who had lived in Western Europe for a long time, brought new ways of writing to Lithuanian literature and helped it be closer to the European level. If we use literary history models (say, Northrop Frye’s), we will notice that Lithuanian literature managed to change all four literary modalities only in three decades, (if we count from 1904 to the end of the press ban until 1934, when Šeinius’ novel was published), and in Šeinius’ and others pioneering works it has already entered the fourth, satirical phase, covering all modernist art.” Znoj, Milan. “Havel’s Anti-Politics à la Different Modes: On Suk’s Book on Václav Havel.” Czech Journal of Contemporary History 3 (2015): 227–40. “Václav Havel’s biography is presented as an absurd historical comedy taking place in the era of Husák’s Communism, which climaxes in the ‘Velvet Revolution.’ It is actually a comedy, as Jiří Suk says, referring to literary theorist Northrop Frye, which arguably represents a fitting interpretation principle of such events, as it depicts a non-violent transformation of society, with the choir (of people) becoming the ultimate vehicle of the transformation, although it otherwise only comments on events.”

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Zornado, Joseph. “A Poetics of History: Karen Cushman’s Medieval World.” The Lion and the Unicorn 21, no. 2 (1977): 251–66. Draws on Hayden White’s Metahistory and Frye’s four modes of emplotment as a framework for viewing Cushman’s historical fiction. Zouidi, Nizar. “Being Otherwise: How Events Become Things? Or Levinas Reads Hamlet.” Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich 1 (2013): 123–37. Points to Frye’s notion that the category of time is fundamental to the way we (and Shakespeare) perceive reality. Zubarev, Vera. “The Comic in Literature as a General Systems Phenomenon.” Comparative Literature and Culture Web 1, no. 1 (1999): article 2. http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent. cgi?article=1001&context=clcweb. “In accordance with my definition of genre, the degree of strength of the protagonist’s potential is related to his/her influence on the development of the system he/she inhabits. This is the main difference between my [systems] approach and that given by Northrop Frye in his Anatomy of Criticism. He outlines five types of the hero’s power of action . . . based on interaction with other people. However, any system has its hierarchy. For instance, Aristophanes’s Frogs represent a system which includes gods, poets, and simple people. The question is to what extent are these creatures responsible for the development of their universe? As further analysis will show, the difference between the comedic and other gods and leaders is that the former are formal figures unable to develop their system while the latter participate actively in the development of themselves and their universe. Importantly, Frye’s table draws one’s attention to the degree of strength of protagonists. At this point, my position coincides with that of Frye.” Żukowska, Kamila. “Fundamenty literatury według Northorpa Frye’a: Teoretycznoliterackie konsekwencje wertykalnego i horyzontalnego przemieszczania się mitu” [Foundations of Literature According to Northorp Frye: Theoretical Literary Consequences of the Vertical and Horizontal Movement of the Myth]. In Trwała obecność mitu w literaturze i kulturze, ed. Kamila Żukowska, Marzena Karwowska, and Mateusz Grabowsk. Lodz: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2016. In Polish. On Frye’s interdisciplinary method, which “opens surprising heuristic possibilities” in the study of literature. Zupančič, Metka. “Mitokritika in sodobna literarna veda” [Myth Criticism and Contemporary Literary Theory]. Primerjalna Knjizevnost 41, no. 3 (2018): 59–75. In Slovenian. On Frye and myth criticism.

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Zvi, Ehud Ben. “Reading and Constructing Utopias.” Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 42, no. 4 (2013): 463–76. Žvirgždas, Manfredas. “Šiaurės mitas henriko nangio poezijoje” [The Northern Myth in Henrik Nang’s Poetry]. Implied Meanings/Teksto slepiniai 14 (2011): 116–31. In Lithuanian. Zwanzig, Rebekah. “Mount ‘Arafat as a Site of Recognition: Anagnorisis in Northrop Frye and the Qur’an.” In Northrop Frye 100: A Danubian Perspective, ed. Sára Tóth, Tibor Fabiny, János Kenyeres, and Péter Pásztor. Budapest: KGRE–L’Harmattan, 2014. 236–46. Explores the Quranic imagery of mountains, specifically Mt. ‘Arafat, and the etymological connection to the Arabic verb ‘arafa (to recognize, to know) as the framework for understanding a larger Quranic narrative of recognition. The play between the double meaning of ‘recognition’ and ‘discovery’ can be found

throughout Frye’s work, and is perhaps most apparent in his articulation of the interplay between identity and metaphor starting in The Great Code and carrying through to The Double Vision. Frye’s concept of the existential metaphor hinges on the reader’s discovery of and subsequent recognition of a “that’s for me” element in the text. Zwicky, Jan. “Oracularity.” Metaphilosophy 34, no. 4 (July 2003): 488–509. “In contemporary North American contexts, to say that a claim is oracular is seriously to undermine its philosophical credibility.” Expands on Frye’s views about the language of the lyric to include “lyric philosophy”; argues that this negative judgment of oracularity is unwarranted and that it is rooted in an excessively narrow notion of what constitutes “good” philosophy. More specifically, oracular utterance is appropriate to the expression of views that regard the phenomena towards which they are directed as radically, non-systematically integrated wholes.

Chapter 3

Obituaries, Memorials, Tributes

Abbate, Gay. “Frye’s Legacy: Scholarship, Loyalty, Humanity: Lighting a Path for Those Who Follow.” University of Toronto Bulletin (4 February 1991): 6–7. Abley, Mark. “One of Canada’s Foremost Intellectuals Dead at 78.” Whig–Standard (24 January 1991): 3. Appeared also in the Kitchener–Waterloo Record (24 January 1991): C19, and in the Montreal Gazette (24 January 1991): E6. “Anatomising Literature.” The Guardian (25 January 1991): 39. Andrews, Marke. “Noted Canadian Literary Critic Northrop Frye Remembered.” Vancouver Sun (24 January 1991): A12. Reactions to Frye’s death by Graham Forst, Margaret Atwood, Helen Heller, and Bill New. Atwood, Margaret. Canadian Literature 129 (Summer 1991): 242–3. Recalls some of the enjoyable moments in her life spent with Frye. He took his role as an educator very seriously, and his literary criticism takes its place easily within the body of literature itself. –  “The Great Communicator.” Globe and Mail (24 January 1991): C1; rpt. in Journal of Canadian Poetry 6 (1991): 1–3. Rpt. in part as “Northrop Frye as Critic and Teacher” in Chronicle of Higher Education 38, no. 12 (13 November 1991): B5. – [Tribute]. Brick 40 (1991): 3. –  University of Toronto Quarterly 61, no. 1 (Fall 1991): 4–5. Appears also in Vic Report 19 (Spring 1991): 7. Austin American Statesman (24 January 1991): A5. Barber, David. “The Formidable Scholar.” Whig–Standard Magazine [Kingston, ON] (2 February 1991): 5. [Based on an interview with A.C. Hamilton.] –  “Rasky Meets Frye in Fine New Documentary.” Whig– Standard (22 December 1989): 1. On Harry Rasky’s film “Northrop Frye: The Great Teacher.” Barilli, Renato. “Frye, corsi e ricorsi della letteratura” [The Cycle and Countercycle of Literature] Corriere della Sera (27 January 1991). Barnes, Bart. “Canadian Literary Critic Northrop Frye Dies at 78.” Washington Post (24 January) 1991: D6.

Bemrose, John. “The Great Decoder: Northrop Frye Explored Culture’s Myths.” Maclean’s 104 (4 February 1991): 51–2. Bevington, David. “Northrop Frye (14 July 1912–23 January 1991).” American Philosophical Society, Proceedings 137, no.1 (March 1993): 126–8. Bissell, Claude T. The Independent [London] (26 January 1991): 12. Appears also in Vic Report 19 (Spring 1991): 10. –  “Northrop Frye Remembered.” University of Toronto Magazine 18 (Spring 1991): 10. –  University of Toronto Quarterly 61, no. 1 (Fall 1991): 8–9. Brown, Gord. “Norrie’s Wisdom Lives on in His Writings and Students.” the newspaper [University of Toronto] (30 January 1991): 5. Buckley, Jerome. “Northrop Frye Remembered by His Students.” Journal of Canadian Poetry 6 (1991): 4. Buitenhuis, Peter. “Northrop Frye, 1912–91.” The Gazette [Montreal, QC] (25 January 1991): B2. C., G. “Northrop Frye, dalla Bibbia alla civiltà della parola” [From the Bible to the Civilization of the Word]. La Stampa (25 January 1991). C., R. “É morto Frye l’innovatore” [Frye the Innovator Is Dead]. La Nazione (25 January 1991). “Canada’s Superstar Critic Northrop Frye Dies at 78: Country Loses Literary ‘Sun,’ Writers’ Mentor.” Vancouver Sun (23 January 1991): A15. Chamberlain, Ted. University of Toronto Quarterly 61, no. 1 (Fall 1991): 9–10. Appears also in Vic Report 19 (Spring 1991): 11. Choi, Ann Y.K. “Hart House” (16 May 2019). https:// www.facebook.com/pg/annykchoi/posts/. “In 1969, one of Canada’s decorated academics, Northrop Frye, gave a speech to mark the 50th anniversary of Hart House. Frye said: ‘Hart House represented the university as a society; it dramatized the kind of life that the university encourages one to live: a life which imagination and intelligence have a central and continuous function.’ On Tuesday, May 31, as part of our 100th Anniversary celebrations, we present Echoes of Northrop Frye at Hart House. This event will feature a dramatic

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re-reading of Frye’s speech by actor, writer and musician Nicky Lawrence, followed by a panel discussion about its resonance 50 years later.” Christian Century 108 (20–27 March 1991): 321. “Colleagues Praise Northrop Frye at Toronto Memorial Service.” Ottawa Citizen (30 January 1991): F7. Cook, Eleanor. “Northrop Frye as Colleague.” Vic Report 19 (Spring 1991): 18. Cooley, Dennis. “The Educated Imaginer: Northrop Frye (1912–1991).” Border Crossings 2 (April 1991): 78. Cosway, John. “Changes.” Sunday Sun [Toronto] (27 January 1991): 109. “Critic Northrop Frye Dead at 78.” Toronto Star (23 January 1991): 28. Dahlin, Karina. “U of T Remembers Its Greatest Humanist.” University of Toronto Bulletin (4 February 1991): 1–2. Denham, Robert D. “Northrop Frye: 1912–1991.” Blake: An Illustrated Quarterly 24 (Spring 1991): 158–9. Downey, Donn. “Literary Scholar Regarded as Great Cultural Figure.” Globe and Mail (24 January 1991): D6. “È morto a Toronto Northrop Frye risalì al ‘profondo’ dell’opera letteraria” [Northrop Frye Died in Toronto. He Returned to the “Depth” of Literary Works]. Gazzetta del Sud (25 January 1991). “È morto il critico Northrop Frye.” Il Giornale (25 January 1991). “È morto il critico Northrop Frye.” Il Tempo (25 January 1991). “È morto Northrop Frye teorico della letteratura.” Corriere della Sera (25 January 1991). Fabiny, Tibor. “Érdekeltség és szabadság” [Concern and Freedom]. Nagyvilág (December 1991): 1881–3. Fisher, Douglas. “A Frydolator Remembers.” Toronto Sun (25 January 1991): 11. –  “Frye Was Right about Quebec.” Sunday Sun [Toronto] (27 January 1991): C3. Fletcher, Angus. “In Memoriam. Northrop Frye (1912–1991).” New Vico Studies 9 (1991): 153–4. Flint, Peter. “Northrop Frye, 78, Literary Critic, Theorist and Educator, Is Dead.” New York Times (25 January 1991): B14. Foley, Joan. University of Toronto Quarterly 61, no. 1 (Fall 1991): 6. Appears also in Vic Report 19 (Spring 1991): 8. Forst, Graham. “Remembering Norrie, Critic and Teacher.” Vancouver Sun (26 January 1991): D24. “Friends of Frye Honour Family with Headstone.” Times– Transcript [Moncton, NB] (3 November 2004). Frum, David. “Ode to a Grandmother.” National Post [Don Mills, ON] (1 April 2005): A20. On educating the imagination, in Frye’s sense, by way of Frum’s grandmother, who had heard Frye deliver the Massey Lectures (The Educated Imagination).

“Frye, Critic and Author.” Daily News of Los Angeles (25 January 1991). “Frye, Herman Northrop.” Current Biography 52, no. 3 (March 1991): 60. “Frye’s Genius Recalled in Tributes.” Toronto Star (24 January 1991): D1. Fulford, Robert. “Frye’s Soaring Cathedral of Thought.” Globe and Mail (26 January 1991): C16. Garrido-Gallardo, Miguel Angel. “Northrop Frye (1912–1991).” Revista de Literatura 53 (January–June 1991): 175–7. A eulogy. Globe and Mail (25 January 1991): D8. Guarini, Ruggero. “Una vita per due gemelle, bellezza e verità. . . .” [A Life for Double Ends, Beauty and Truth]. Il Messaggero (25 January 1991). Hamilton, A.C. “Northrop Frye: 1912–1991.” Quill & Quire 57 (March 1991); rpt. in Journal of Canadian Poetry 6 (1991): 5–7. –  University of Toronto Quarterly 61, no. 1 (Fall 1991): 10–11. Appears also in Vic Report 19 (Spring 1991): 11. Harron, Don. “A Memory of Frye.” Vic Report 19 (Spring 1991): 19. Hartley, Brian. “Life in the Resurrection: Remembering Northrop Frye.” Herald (March 1991). Hoffman, John. “Tribute to H. Northrop Frye 1912–1991.” University of Toronto Quarterly 61, no. 1 (Fall 1991): 2. Appears also in Vic Report 19 (Spring 1991): 4. “In Memoriam.” Mosaic: An Interdisciplinary Critical Journal 24, no. 1 (Winter 1991). Jensen, Bo Green. “Kritikeren, Northrop Frye, 78 †r.” Weekendavisen [Denmark] (1 February 1991). J[ohnson], P[hil]. “A Tribute to Northrop Frye.” Pietisten 6 (April 1991): 5. Johnston, Alexandra F. “In Memoriam: Chancellor Northrop Frye.” Victoria College Council, Minutes of the Meeting of 11 February 1991. Typescript. 3 pp. –  University of Toronto Quarterly 61, no. 1 (Fall 1991): 14–15. Appears also in Vic Report 19 (Spring 1991): 15. Juneau, Pierre. “The Power of Frye’s Words.” Financial Post (28 January 1991): 8. –  University of Toronto Quarterly 61, no. 1 (Fall 1991): 13–14. Appears also in Vic Report 19 (Spring 1991): 14. Kenner, Hugh. “Northrop Frye, RIP.” National Review 43 (25 February 1991): 19. Kushner, Eva. University of Toronto Quarterly 61, no. 1 (Fall 1991): 12–13. Appears also in Vic Report 19 (Spring 1991): 13. Laux, Cameron. The Independent [London] (30 January 1991): 13. Lee, Alvin. “Northrop Frye: 1912–1991.” McMaster Courier (12 February 1991): 5. –  University of Toronto Quarterly 61, no. 1 (Fall 1991): 11–12. Appears also in Vic Report 19 (Spring 1991): 12.

Obituaries, Memorials, Tributes

Lee, Hope. “Tribute to Northrop Frye.” Presented on the CBC Sunday Morning Program, 27 January 1991. Typescript, 1 p. Levangie, Richard. “Frye’s Work Influential Worldwide.” Daily News [Halifax, NS] (24 January 1991): 25. “Literary Critic, Author Northrop Frye Dies.” Greensboro News & Record [NC] (24 January 1991). “Literary Critic Dies.” Richmond Times–Dispatch (24 January 1991): B2. “Literary Critic Northrop Frye. Akron Beacon Journal (24 January 1991). “Literary Critic Northrop Frye Dies at Age 78.” Gazette [Montreal] (24 January 1991): A1. “Literary Critic Rode Subway Daily to Work.” Niagara Falls Review (24 January 1991): 7. “A Literary Legend Mourned; Canada’s Great Critic Northrop Frye Dies of Cancer at 78.” Daily News [Halifax, NS] (24 January 1991): 25U. “The Literary World Mourned.” Financial Post [Toronto] (24 January 1991): 2. “The literary world mourned one of its greatest writers and critics yesterday after learning that Northrop Frye had died of cancer Tuesday in Toronto at 78.” Lombardo, Agostino, Baldo Meo, and Piero Boitani. “Il Pagione [A Tribute to Frye].” Broadcast on Italian Radio–RAI, 19 February 1991, at 4:30 p.m. McBurney, Ward. University of Toronto Quarterly 61, no. 1 (Fall 1991): 6–7. Appears also in Vic Report 19 (Spring 1991): 89–90. McCarron, Melissa. “Basking in Frye’s Fame: This Moncton Resident Is Proud to Have Attended the Same School.” New Brunswick Telegraph Journal [Saint John, NB], 26 April 2003. A paean to Frye from a Monctonian. McGibbon, Pauline. University of Toronto Quarterly 61, no. 1 (Fall 1991): 4. Appears also in Vic Report 19 (Spring 1991): 6. McIntyre, John P. “Northrop Frye (1912–91).” America 165, no. 1 (6 July 1991): 14–15. Marchand, Philip. “Frye Really Believed That Literature Could Save Society.” Toronto Star (24 January 1991): D1. –  “Premier, Friends Pay Tribute to Northrop Frye.” Toronto Star (30 January 1991): E1, E6. Meo, Baldo. “Northrop Frye e i nuovi furori della critica letteraria” [Northrop Frye and the New Passion of Literary Criticism]. l’Unita 25 (January 1991): 19. Miller, Daniel. “Northrop Frye Remembered by U of T.” the newspaper [University of Toronto] (30 January 1991): 10. Moriz, Andre. “Northrop Frye Tribute Service Draws 800.” The Varsity [University of Toronto] (31 January 1991): 12. “La morte in Canada di Frye: critica e società.” Il Gazzettino [Venice] (25 January 1991).

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“Morto critico litterario canadese Northrop Frye.” ANSA News Agency, Rome (24 January 1991). “Mr. Northrop Frye, Canadian Literary Critic.” The Atlanta Journal–Constitution (24 January 1991. Mulhallen, Karen. “In Memoriam, Northrop Frye, 1912–1991, R.I.P.” Descant 21–2 (Winter–Spring 1990–1): 7. Newsweek (4 February 1991): 76. Nolan, Nicole, and Hilary Williams. “Memorial for Frye.” The Strand [Victoria University] (30 January 1991): 1. “Northrop Frye.” Daily Telegraph (25 January 1991): 19. “Northrop Frye.” Orlando Sentinel (24 January 1991). “Northrop Frye.” Record [Kitchener, ON] (25 January 1991). “Northrop Frye.” San Francisco Chronicle, 24 January 1991, B6. “Northrop Frye.” St. Paul Pioneer Press (MN) (24 January 1991). “Northrop Frye.” St. Louis Post–Dispatch (24 January 1991): 4C. “Northrop Frye.” Times [London] (26 January 1991): 12. “Northrop Frye.” Toronto Star (24 January 1991): A26. [Editorial following Frye’s death]. “He established himself as the most important critic in the English language. . . . Frye stayed in Canada, although he was offered positions at Oxford University and other prestigious seats of learning. The world of literary scholarship came to Frye.” “Northrop Frye Dies at Age 78.” Niagara Falls Review [Niagara Falls, ON] (22 January 2000): A4. “Northrop Frye Dies at Age 78.” Toronto Sun (24 January 1991). “Northrop Frye Dies at 78.” Ottawa Citizen (23 January 1991): A1. “Northrop Frye; Literary Critic Traced Symbols to the Bible.” Los Angeles Times (24 January 1991): 24. “Northrop Frye, 1912–1991.” Toronto Star (1 November 1992): 70. “Northrop Frye, 1912–91.” The Gazette [Montreal, QC] (25 January 1991): B2. “Northrop Frye, 78, Canadian Scholar, Critic, Author.” Boston Globe (29 January 1991): 41 “Northrop Frye, 78, Literary Critic, Professor.” Associated Press. Orange County Register [Santa Ana, CA] (25 January 1991): B07. “Northrop Frye to Be Honored at 2 Services.” Toronto Star (26 January 1991): A13. “Noted Literary Critic Northrop Frye.” Chicago Tribune (24 January 1991): 11. O’Malley, Martin. “The Ordinary Side of an Extraordinary Man.” United Church Observer (March 1991): 16. Outram, Richard. “In Memory of Northrop Frye.” Globe and Mail (16 February 1991): C16; rpt. in Northrop Frye Newsletter 3, no 2 (Spring 1991): 36. An elegy.

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Pentland, Howard. University of Toronto Quarterly 61, no. 1 (Fall 1991): 15–17. Appears also in Vic Report 19 (Spring 1991): 17. Placido, Beniamino. “É morto Northrop Frye.” La Repubblica (25 January 1991). Polizoes, Elias. “Northrop Frye’s Legacy Pivotal.” The Varsity [University of Toronto] (25 January 1991): 12 Prichard, Robert. University of Toronto Quarterly 61, no. 1 (Fall 1991): 2–3. Appears also in Vic Report 19 (Spring 1991): 4. Rae, Bob. University of Toronto Quarterly 61, no. 1 (Fall 1991): 3–4. Appears also in Vic Report 19 (Spring 1991): 5. Reaney, James. “Northrop Frye: He Educated Our Imagination.” Toronto Star (24 January 1991): A27. “Remembering Frye.” Globe and Mail (26 January 1991): C10. Rogers, Bob. “Frye Videos.” Globe and Mail (25 April 1991): A16. On the series of videotaped lectures “The Bible and Literature: A Personal View by Northrop Frye.” Saddlemyer, Ann. University of Toronto Quarterly 61, no. 1 (Fall 1991): 7–8. Appears also in Vic Report 19 (Spring 1991): 9. Sewell, Gregory. “Literary Critic Northrop Frye Dead.” The Varsity [University of Toronto] (25 January 1991): 1. Snyder, Robert. [Tribute to Northrop Frye]. Christianity and Literature 41, no. 3 (Spring 1992): 235. Stefani, Claudio. “Il molto reverendo Frye” [The Very Reverend Frye]. Il Resto del Carlino (25 January 1991).

Stone, George Winchester. “Herman Northrop Frye (14 July 1912–23 January 1991).” PMLA 106, no. 3 (May 1991): 564, 566. Stuewe, Paul. “Northrop Frye, 1912–1991.” Books in Canada 20, no. 2 (March 1991): 9. Teskey, Gordon. “Eulogy for Northrop Frye.” Annual Dinner of the Milton Society, San Francisco, 28 December 1992. Milton Quarterly 26, no. 3 (1992): 93–9. Theall, Donald F. “In Memoriam.” Science Fiction Studies 18, no. 2 (July 1991): 288–90. Thompson, Clive. “Frye First and Foremost a Great Teacher.” The Strand (30 January 1991): 5. Time (4 February 1991): 61. Toronto Star (26 January 1991): D7. Tredell, Nicholas. “Northrop Frye.” PN Review 17 (May–June 1991): 8. Vega Ramos, María José. “La Literatura como Orden: En la muerte de Northrop Frye” [Literature as Order: On the Death of Northrop Frye]. Revista de Extremadura (Segunda época) 9 (September–December 1992): 71–4. Warkentin, Germaine. “The Loss of Northrop Frye.” http://lists.village.virginia.edu/lists_archive/Humanist/ v04/0923.html. Weinbrot, Howard. “On Northrop Frye in Minneapolis, 1990: A Memorial.” Johnsonian News Letter 50 (September & December 1991): 34–5.

Chapter 4

News and Feature Stories, Miscellaneous Items

Abley. “On Northrop Frye, Louis Dudek, Poetry and War.” The Gazette [Montreal, QC] (26 January 1991): I1. On the differences between Frye and Dudek on mythology. Adachi, Ken. “Frye Finally Wins Elusive Award for Best NonFiction Book of ‘86.” Toronto Star (28 May 1987): H1. News story about Frye’s receiving the Governor General’s award for On Shakespeare. –  “Frye in Good Position to Take Governor-General’s Prize.” Toronto Star (30 April 1987): H1. “This may be the year that Northrop Frye, the internationally renowned Toronto scholar and literary critic, could finally win the award that has eluded him all his career: the Governor-General’s award for non-fiction.” –  “Northrop Frye at Harbourfront.” Toronto Star (15 July 1985): D2. On Frye’s hosting the memorial segment of a Toronto series featuring readings by immigrant writers. Akin David. “Concordia Professor Calls for National Electronic University.” National Post (8 June 2000): B3. Proposal builds on Frye’s educational vision. Allen, Ron. “Hey, You Want Fryes with that Literary Critique? The Times–Transcript [Moncton, N.B] (May 2000). The spirit of Frye’s remarks on real unity can help narrow the gap between the “two solitudes” or what Frye called “amiable apartheid.” –  “Introducing Northrop Frye.” The Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (29 January 2000). An interview with Doug Mantz, organizer of the first Northrop Frye Literary Festival in Moncton, NB, Frye’s home town. “Al professor Frye conferita laurea, ad honorem.” La Repubblica (28 April 1989): vi. News story about Frye’s having received an honorary degree from the University of Bologna on 24 April 1989. Anonymous. “About Northrop Frye.” Vancouver Sun (25 January 1991): A16. “People were amazed to find on meeting him that, like all towering figures, Northrop Frye was of normal corporeal height: a great scholar

who put his pants on too. He would have been a fool or disingenuous not to have had suspicions of his genius but, like most great people, he discovered his greatness only some time after others had discovered it for him, and were kind enough to tell him about it. . . . It seems extraordinary that Mr. Frye, who died Wednesday, aged 78, was so traditional as to perceive the Bible as the essential book of Western literature and to have labored so brilliantly to demonstrate its indispensability for anyone who would enter its heart, yet so modern as to excite writers like Margaret Atwood and many others.” –  “Canada: Government of Canada Recognizes the National Historic Significance of Literary Theorist Northrop Frye.” Asia News Monitor (6 December 2018). “The Honourable Carolyn Bennett, Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations and Member of Parliament for Toronto-St.Paul’s, will take part in a Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada plaque unveiling ceremony to commemorate Northrop Frye as a person of national historic significance.” The ceremony was announced in other Canadian and international sources. –  “Celebrating Northrop Frye.” [McMaster University] Daily News (15 October 2012). http://dailynews.mcmaster .ca/worth-mentioning/celebrating-northrop-frye/. –  “Finding His Way Home (or Imagining Northrop Frye). It took a lifetime for Northrop Frye, Canada’s Foremost Literary Critic, to Come to Terms with His Moncton Upbringing.” Telegraph Journal (22 April 2006). “Born July 14, 1912 in Sherbrooke, Quebec, Northrop Frye— the world-renowned scholar, critic and educator— moved to Moncton at the age of seven and spent his youth in the city.… he is known for disliking Moncton while living there.” –  “Happy Birthday, Northrop Frye.” Globe and Mail (13 July 2012). “‘The Atlantic Ocean was something then. Yes, you shoulda seen the Atlantic Ocean in those days.’ Burt Lancaster waxed that bit of nostalgia for the 1940s while playing Lou, the aging small-time gunsel in the

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1980 Oscar-nominated feature Atlantic City. It’s a sentiment with apt application to Toronto in the 1950s and ’60s when you coulda, shoulda seen Northrop Frye and Marshall McLuhan and Glenn Gould pacing the pavement. Titans all they were, as Yoda might put it, each then at the height of his respective powers, each with an influence rippling far beyond the shores of Lake Ontario. . . . Fryegianism may no longer count as much as it did in Frye’s lifetime but he still matters just as Matthew Arnold and T.S. Eliot still matter. Happy centenary, Mr. Frye.” –  “Literary Festival to Have Italian Flavour: More than 40 Authors from around the World, Including Seven from Italy Participating in This Year’s Northrop Frye Fest.” The Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (28 February 2002). On the third annual Frye Festival. –  “A Milton Lecture Series. Milton Quarterly 5, no. 1 (March 1971): 26. In commemoration of the tercentenary of the publication of Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes, the English department of the University of Western Ontario presented a series of public lectures by the following outstanding Miltonists: Barbara Lewalski, Arthur Barker, Balachandra Rajan, Irene Samuel, and Northrop Frye.

Ashford, Keith. “Frye Tackles Great Identity Crisis.” Globe and Mail (6 April 1976). News account of the film Journey without Arrival. “Atwood, Frye Named in Literary Awards.” Windsor Star [Windsor, ON] (8 November 1991): C3. “Margaret Atwood and the late Northrop Frye top the English section in nominations announced Thursday for the 1991 Governor General’s Literary Awards.” Avignor, Jeanine. “Salute to Eva.” Vic Report 17 (Autumn 1988): 4–6 [5]. An account of Dr. Eva Kushner’s plan to establish the Northrop Frye Centre for Research into the Humanities at Victoria College. Barilli, Renato. “Eliot, nostro compagno” [Eliot Our Companion]. Corriere della Sera (17 December 1989). News story, based on an interview with Frye in Toronto, on the occasion of the Italian translation of T.S. Eliot. Frye notes that Eliot is a poet of our age but that his medieval dream is a reactionary one. Bevington, David. “Northrop Frye.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 137, no. 1 (1 March 1993): 125.

–  “Northrop Frye at 74: A Legend Just Can’t Let Up.” The Gazette [Montreal] (9 August 1986): B9. On Frye’s continuing productivity as a teacher and scholar.

“Bidini, Gilmour among Featured Authors at Frye Festival.” The Northern Light [Bathurst, NB] (6 March 2012): D6. On the 13th annual Frye Festival.

–  “Northrop Frye Literary Festival Set for April 19–22 in Moncton.” Daily Gleaner [Fredericton, NB] (12 April 2001).

Bilodeau, Danielle. “Moncton célèbre le 100e de Northrop Frye.” L’Étoile Dieppe [Richibucto, NB] (12 July 2012): A11. On the centenary of Frye’s birth, an account of the dedication of the sculpture of Frye at the Moncton Public Library and the gift to the library of Robert D. Denham’s Frye collection, the largest collection of Northrop Frye memorabilia and publications in the world. The collection contains publications of Frye’s work in various languages, books about Frye, interviews, news stories related to Frye’s works, obituaries, and tributes to Frye, pamphlets, comics, flyers, other miscellaneous publications, framed prints and paintings, Frye’s writing desk, a bronze bust of Frye, etc.

–  “Northrop Frye’s Greatest Gift: His Books.” Globe and Mail (16 July 2010). –  “Royal Canadian Mounted Police Spied on Literary Scholar Northrop Frye.” The Spectator[Hamilton, ON] (5 July 2011): A7. “Canada’s intelligence service spied on renowned literary scholar Northrop Frye, closely eyeing his involvement in the anti-Vietnam War movement, an academic forum on China and efforts to end apartheid in South Africa.” –  “The Truth about Frye Fest . . .” Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (23 April 2011): A1. “A principal reason [the Frye Festival] attendance has grown every year, with 17,000 people turning out to enjoy the 2010 edition, is that although it has garnered international recognition and high praise from all pundits, it has somehow remained an authentic, organically grown local festival which evolves steadily based not only on pillow talk but on conversations all over New Brunswick, all year long.” –  “La Ville de Moncton a souligné le 100e anniversaire de la naissance du philosophe Northrop Frye.” Le Téléjournal, 13 July 2012.

Blissett, William. “Three Talks with George Johnston.” Malahat Review 78 (March 1987): 37–51. Records several anecdotes about Frye, mostly from Johnston’s student days at Toronto. Bosch, David J. Transforming Mission: Paradigm Shifts in Theology of Mission. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis, 1991. 253. Brief comment on the importance of The Great Code for theology, particularly missiology. Bousatti, Luciana. “Per gli italiani corso accelerato di lingua inglese” [For Italians: An Accelerated Course in English]. Canuova Venezia (18 April 1989). Includes a

News and Feature Stories, Miscellaneous Items

reference to Frye’s address on the Bible, presented at the Ca’ Foscari in Venice, 17 April 1989. Boyd, Diana. “Escalating Insight into a Subway Friend.” Globe and Mail (25 April 2001). Personal story of a series of encounters with Frye on the Toronto subway. Brady, Shirley. “Frye: The Work of a Lifetime Continues.” The Varsity [University of Toronto] (24 September 1987). About Frye’s views on education. Based on an interview. Bronskill, Jim. “RCMP Spied on Noted Literary Scholar Northrop Frye: Newly Released Files.” Canadian Press (24 July 2011). Hamilton Spectator (ON) (25 July 2011). Burgess, Joanne Harris. “Frye’s Inspiration.” Globe and Mail (28 January 1991). Letter to the editor, which reminds readers of Frye’s remarks, in a CBC Ideas program, about Blake’s notion of “Mental Fight.” Carboni, Guido. “Northrop Frye tra Alice e Dio.” Il Manifesto (29 May 1987): 10. News story about the international conference devoted to Frye’s work in Rome, 25–27 May 1987. Church, Elizabeth. “No ‘Sacred Cows’ as U of T Slashes Arts Budget.” Globe and Mail (15 July 2010): A6. “The future of Canada’s largest faculty does not include Northrop Frye’s Centre for Comparative Literature. Faced with a deficit set to reach $60-million by the end of the coming school year, the University of Toronto’s Faculty of Arts and Science cannot afford any ‘sacred cows’ in its efforts to find savings and preserve the quality of education, says the dean in charge of plotting the future of the largest faculty in Canada.” “A City by Bicycle.” Telegraph–Journal [Saint John, NB] (29 April 2006): A9. On Frye’s love-hate relationship with his hometown. Clare, Stephen. “Fostering a Passion for Language, Now in Its Eighth Year, Moncton’s Northrop Frye Festival Gathers Some of Canada’s Top Authors. . . . Telegraph–Journal [Saint John, NB] (21 April 2007), H7. On the seventh annual Northrop Frye Literary Festival. Dawn Arnold reports on the growth of the festival over the years. –  “Literati Headed to Moncton for Northrop Frye Festival This Week.” Daily News [Halifax, NS], 22 April 2007, 39. On the eighth annual Frye Festival. Clark, Chris. “Book Release This Week.” Guelph Tribune, (11 November 1989). News story about the publication of John Ayre’s Northrop Frye: A Biography. Clements, Warren. “Northrop Frye, the White Fish Guy.” Globe and Mail (18 January 2003).

477

Clinton, Julie. “Celebrating the Written Word; The [Fourth] Northrop Frye International Literacy Festival Begins Tomorrow. . . .” Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (23 April 2003). –  “Frye Event Extended Extra Day; Metro Moncton Will Host Second Northrop Frye Literary Celebration April 19–22.” Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (18 December 2000). Cloutier, Nathalie. Le Téléjournal. Toronto: Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. (13 July 2012). In French. “The City of Moncton celebrated the 100th anniversary of the birth of literary critic and thinker Northrop Frye, who died in 1991. Among other things, a life-size statue was unveiled; a collector also bequeathed more than a hundred of his books, including several versions in foreign languages, to the municipal library.” Cochrane, Alan. “Atwood to Headline Frye Fest.” Telegraph–Journal [Saint John, NB] (22 February 2011): D2. On Margaret Atwood’s agreeing to speak at the Frye Literary Festival. See also Cochrane, “Margaret Atwood to Headline Frye Festival.” Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (22 February 2011): A1. –  “Frye Statue Expected to Become an Icon for Hub City.” Telegraph–Journal [Saint John, NB] (25 June 2012): A1. About the unveiling of the bronze sculpture of Frye in downtown Moncton. –  “Frye Statue Set for Reveal? Statue of Northrop Frye to Be Unveiled July 13; Festival Chair Hopes It Will Become an Icon for Tourists.” Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (25 June 2012): A1. On the bronze statue of Frye to be installed in front of the Moncton Public Library, the day before his 100th birthday. –  “You Can Help Build Northrop Frye Statue.” Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (13 July 2010): A1. Regarding a $25,000 contest to help pay for a Frye sculpture in Moncton. See also “Frye Festival Enters National Competition.” Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (25 June 2010): A4. Coles, Don. “The Brilliance of Northrop Frye: Why We Should Toast Our Oracle.” Toronto Star (23 July 2012): A18. In praise of Martin Knelman’s op ed piece in the Star, “the finest brief-format comment on that unique thinker and teacher I’ve ever read.” For Knelman’s ­column, see https://www.thestar.com/entertainment /stage/2012/07/13/why_we_should_toast_northrop _fryes_100th_birthday_knelman.html. –  “Conferimento laurea ad honorem al Prof. Northrop Frye.” Bolletino Università degli studi di Bologna 4, no. 6 (June 1989): 7–8. An account of the citation for the

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honorary degree Frye received from the University of Bologna on 24 April 1989. Cope, J. Samuel. “Frye Looks Forward.” San Francisco Chronicle (17 March 1985). News story based on an interview about the direction literature in North America is heading. Corbett, Connie. “Literary Pursuits, Northrop Frye Honoured by City’s First-ever Festival Dedicated to Literature.” Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (25 April 2000). Cox, Yvonne. “People.” Maclean’s (26 October 1987): 34. On Frye’s receiving a Toronto Art Award. Part of his acceptance remarks: “This wasn’t always a fun town. When I came here in 1929, there were millions of churches. There was only one thing to do on Sunday, but there were a million places to do it.” Cuff, John Haslett. “Missing the Measure of the Man.” Globe and Mail (23 December 1989). A review of Harry Rasky’s film Northrop Frye: The Great Teacher. Cunningham, Janice. “Northrop Frye Immortalized on Postage Stamp.” Record [Sherbrooke, QC] (17 February 2000): 1. d’Amico, Masolino. “Frye: ‘Dall’ironia al mito’.” La Stampa (28 May 1987): 3. News story about the international conference in Rome devoted to Frye’s work, 25–27 May 1987. Includes Frye’s responses to questions about contemporary literature, irony, and the future of criticism. Davies, Alan T. “No Pressure Applied to Keep Frye Course.” Toronto Star (4 June 1991). A letter to the editor, replying to Loral Dean’s claim that the Department of Religious Studies at the University of Toronto was indifferent to Frye’s legacy because it did not list one of his courses. Davies, Philip. “The Bible: Utopian, Dystopian, Or Neither; Or: Northrop Frye Meets Monty Python.” Relegere 2, no. 1 (6 December 2012): 91–107. “In The Great Code (1982), Northrop Frye rewrites the mediaeval and early modern myth of human existence as progression from Fall to Judgment from a humanistic and Romantic perspective, recoding the Bible as a series of utopian visions which together constitute a single grand utopian vision. This article in turn rewrites Frye’s Code from a modern Western perspective which eschews both naïve optimism and tragic vision for a dark comic or Pythonesque view of life, recognizing the absurdity of human ambition and pointlessness of human existence, while laughing in the face of it. By splicing Frye’s optimistic sequences in a different way, it is possible to produce quite another code, which is neither utopian nor dystopian, yet always disappoints. The paper thus lays out

a myth of disenchantment as a decoding of the biblical narrative, concluding that the human predicament is insoluble, because neither God nor humanity have the power to change.” (author’s abstract) Dean, Loral. “Is This What We Do to a Towering Legacy?” Toronto Star (20 May 1991). News story on the uncertain future of Frye’s course “The Mythological Framework of Western Culture.” Dirda, Michael. “Shakespeare and the Scholar: Talking with Northrop Frye.” Washington Post Educational Supplement (2 November 1986): 1, 18–21. Feature story, occasioned by the publication of Northrop Frye on Shakespeare, based on an interview. Quotes Frye’s ideas on the teaching and study of Shakespeare from both conversation and the book and provides some details about Frye’s life and work. Divito, Amanda. “New Statue Commemorating Northrop Frye Unveiled.” The Varsity [University of Toronto] 133, no. 5 (15 October 2012). http://thevarsity.ca/2012/10/15 /new-statue-commemorating-northrop-frye-unveiled/. Dörrbecker, D.W. “Blake and His Circle: An Annotated Checklist of Recent Publications.” Blake: An Illustrated Quarterly 25 (Summer 1991): 4–59 [20–1, 45, 49]. Contains reviews and notices of various Frye items, especially as they relate to Blake: “Blake’s Bible,” “Blake’s Biblical Illustrations,” Northrop Frye: An Annotated Bibliography, and the Northrop Frye Newsletter. Doyle, John. “Soccer Passion Meets Butter Tarts and Northrop Frye in Moncton.” Globe and Mail (11 June 2015): S1. “People like me, and Kelly, get a bit spoiled. As soon as a World Cup or Euro tournament is about to unfold, we’re gone, off to a country and cities that throb with soccer passion. There’s dazzling pageantry and exotic adventures galore. It’s addictive. And then when a World Cup happens in Canada, you end up in Moncton. Where the Tim Hortons closes at 6 p.m. It’s not a soccer city, but I’ll take it.” Eaton, Margaret Patricia. “Frye Festival’s Must-See Exhibits at Library and Galleries in City.” Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (23 April 2016): E6. On the exhibition of poetry and collage by Elaine Amyot and her husband Ed Lemond. Lemond’s poems centre on twelve places associated with Frye during his time in Moncton, and Amyot’s collages are inspired by each of those places. –  “Moncton Library Celebrates Anniversary.” This Week Online (24 April 2014). “In the Frye collection, according to Laura Mason ‘we have original paintings and drawings of [Northrop Frye], taped interviews, both audio and video, including his interview with Peter

News and Feature Stories, Miscellaneous Items

Gzowski and all of Frye’s books, including translations in different languages—Italian, Japanese, Arabic, Spanish, Chinese—and we have his typewriter and the desk on which he wrote and the clock from his childhood Moncton home. And we have primary sources—Frye’s original notes along with essays [Robert D. Denham] wrote and published about Frye,’ Mason said, indicating four legal size file drawers. ‘It’s all been catalogued and made accessible, making the library a destination for international scholars.’” “Elogi internazionali a Lingue: Ca’Foscari come modello.” Gazzetino [Venice] (18 April 1989). News story about Frye’s having addressed a three-day conference in Venice, “Venice and the Study of Foreign Language and Literature,” organized by the language faculty of Ca’Foscari. Frye’s address, on the Bible, was presented on 17 April 1989. “Encaenia, May, 1960: Herman Northrop Frye, to Be Doctor of Letters.” In Honoris Causa: The Effervescenses of a University Orator. Fredericton: Associated Alumnae, University of New Brunswick, 1968. 79–80. Citation on the occasion of Frye’s receiving an honorary degree. Fabre, Giorgio. “Freddo come Frye” [Cold as Frye]. Roma (27 May 1987): 23. News story about the international conference in Rome devoted to Frye’s work, 25–7 May 1987. Fertile, Candace. “Northrop Frye (1912–1991): Remembering the Giant of Canada’s Written Word.” Edmonton Journal (3 February 1991): C6. “It’s difficult to assess a man’s achievement days after his death, but it’s likely that Frye will be remembered in international academic circles for his contributions to studies in English literature in four main books: Fearful Symmetry, Anatomy of Criticism, The Great Code, and Words with Power.” “Is there a place for Frye on the bookshelves of people who love to read, unencumbered by a Ph.D. in English Literature? Maybe. Frye’s style is fairly clear. He loathed jargon, and he tried to write for a general audience. But as in the work of many academics, Frye’s is dense and pedantic.” Fetherling, George. “So Many Books, So Little Time.” Vancouver Sun (15 November 2003): F22. On the appearance of volumes 11 and 13 of the Collected Works of Northrop Frye, “the liveliest of the University of ­Toronto Press signature megaprojects.” “Finding His Way Home (or Imagining Northrop Frye); It Took a Lifetime for Northrop Frye, Canada’s Foremost Literary Critic, to Come to Terms with His Moncton Upbringing.” Telegraph–Journal [Saint John, NB] (22 April 2006): 9. News story in advance of the annual Northrop Frye Literary Festival in Moncton, NB.

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Fisher, Douglas. “Going Back to School.” Ottawa Sun (6 March 2002): 14. Fitzhenry, Robert I. “A Myth about ‘Myth.’” Globe and Mail (29 December 1990). Letter to the editor on Frye’s use of the word “myth.” Fogel, Stan, and Linda Hutcheon. “The Space between Meanings.” Books in Canada 20 (December 1991): 11–15 [13]. Fogel and Hutcheon discuss the ways that postmodernism challenges the values that Frye, who is called a representative of “high modernism,” stood for. Foop, Bunnie (pseud.). “Fry [sic] ‘Poet’s Corner’ Editor.” The National Midnight Strand: Supplement to The Strand [Victoria College, Toronto] (25 February 1987): 3. A lampoon about Frye’s having resigned from Victoria University to become a poetry editor for the student newspaper. Fowlie, Heather. “Northrop Frye Festival Returns: This Year’s Festival Line-up Boasts Governor General’s Award Winners George Elliott Clarke and Dionne Brand.” Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (19 January 2006): B.1. News story announcing the sixth annual Frye Festival. Fry, Christina. “Rejoice! It’s Frye Days! Next Weekend’s Northrop Frye International Literary Festival Devotes an Entire Chapter to Teens.” Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (19 April 2003). “Next weekend’s Northrop Frye Festival endeavours to be almost more about the youth of the City of Moncton than any other demographic.” “Frye at a Glance.” Edmonton Journal (3 February 1991): C6. Brief biographical sketch. “Frye Called Our Most Distinguished Humanist: 900 Attend Professor’s Memorial Service.” Vancouver Sun (30 January 1991): C4. “Frye/Chi è: Al college da maestro” [Frye, Who Is He? A College Teacher]. Il Resto del Carlino (24 April 1989). A biographical sketch of Frye, published on the occasion of his receiving an honorary degree from the University of Bologna, 24 April 1989. “Frye Documentary.” Globe and Mail (14 February 1991). Brief notice about Harry Rasky’s film, The Great Teacher: Northrop Frye, having been entered in two film competitions. “Frye Festival Features Packed Schedule.” New Brunswick Telegraph Journal [Saint John, NB] (17 April 2001). News story on the second annual Frye Festival. “Frye Festival Gives Students Chance to Explore Literature.” Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (20 April 2015):

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A6. Exploration comes through “school visits, extracurricular activities such as a provincial writing contest, literary debates and opportunities to showcase literary talents, as well as satellite programs for preschool-aged children and adult learners.” “The Frye Festival Needs Your Vote.” Telegraph–Journal [Saint John, NB] (26 June 2010): S2. An appeal to vote in a national competition for $25,000, the money to be used to create a sculpture of Frye that will be mounted in front of the Moncton Public Library. “Frye Festival Opens World of Books for Students.” Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (7 April 2014): A2. On the fifteenth annual Frye Festival. “Frye-ing Television.” The Spectator [Hamilton, ON] (14 September 2002): M10. On the reviews Frye wrote for the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission, five of which are reproduced in Northrop Frye on Literature and Society. “Frye’s Life on Stage Saturday’s Production Takes a Comedic Look at the Literary Icon’s Life and Ideals.” Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (20 April 2000). News story about the production at the Empress Theatre in Moncton, NB, of Doug Mantz’s play, The Wit and Wisdom of Northrop Frye. “Frye Statue Unveiled to Celebrate Anniversary: Famed Literary Critic Was Raised in Moncton.” Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (14 July 2012): A8. An account of the unveiling of the Frye statue (on his birthday) and the donation of the Frye Collection by Robert D. Denham to the public library. “Frye Wins Top Literary Award.” Vic Report 16 (Autumn 1987): 3. On Frye’s receiving the Governor General’s Literary Award. Fulford, Robert. “Frye School Reunion: Former Students Remember Mythic Professor.” National Post (3 October 2011). “Doug Fisher, one of many war veterans who came to university on a federal grant, took five Frye courses and edited the college literary magazine with Frye as faculty advisor. The future journalists included Barbara Moon, who became a brilliant magazine writer, and Walter Stewart, author of about 20 books on public affairs.” –  “Newsletter for a Man of Letters.” Globe and Mail (14 June 1990): A18. Reports on the intent and scope of the Northrop Frye Newsletter—“a little publication put out by a gentleman in Salem, Va.” Notes that the newsletter is “cosy but also authoritative, funny but also scholarly, an unlikely blend of gossip and high seriousness; in all, an odd but appropriate tribute to one of the great cultural figures of the century.”

–  “Northrop Salad: With Canada’s Critical Icon, It’s Best to Start Light.” National Post (10 July 2012). “Since his death in 1991 the world has learned a good deal about his private opinions through his published letters and diaries. A would-be student of Frye can acquire a feel for him from this material and still more from his relatively informal books, such as The Modern Century, The Educated Imagination and The Critical Path. –  ‘The Surprising Side of Northrop Frye.” Globe and Mail (21 July 1993). Commentary on the notebook excerpts published in the Northrop Frye Newsletter. –  “A Unique Way of Seeing the World.” Toronto Star (26 September 1987): M5. An editorial on Frye’s international stature as a critic. “He has become the first citizen of the city of Toronto.” Fuller, Peter. “The Creativity of the Critic.” Canberra Times, (2 July 1986): 30. On Frye’s having participated in a seminar at the Humanities Research Centre at the Australian National University in Canberra. Furlong, Pauline. “Northrop Frye’s Literary Legacy Hits Home.” Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (17 April 2003). Brief overview of Frye’s career and his connection to Moncton, NB, his home town, including its sponsorship of the annual Northrop Frye Literary Festival. Gallant, Vanessa. “Frye Festival Celebrates 15 Years.” Here (Saint John, Fredericton and Moncton edition) [St. John, NB] (27 February 2014): A5. Gamester, George. “Fingers Was a Real Wizard at Keyboards, Not Smalltalk.” Toronto Star (11 November 1987): 131. Feature story on Frye in which Fred Kirby and Kingsley Joblin recount their recollections of Frye at Victoria College. Gauvin, Yvon. “Northrop Frye Festival Honouring Irish legacy; Irish poet Nuala ni Dhomhnaill Will Attend Festival. . . .” Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (22 March 2001). On the second annual Northrop Frye Literary Festival. Gebbia, Alessandro. “Osmosi tra le storie culturale e sociale” [Osmosis between Cultural and Social Histories]. Avanti! (7 May 1987). News story about the international conference in Rome devoted to Frye’s work, 25–7 May 1987. Geddes, John. “On Trump’s Pure Ego and That ‘Beautiful Piece of Chocolate Cake’: The Timeless Literary Criticism of Northrop Frye Makes Sense of the President’s Odd, Clichéd ‘Tantrum Style’ of Public Speaking.” Maclean’s (10 May 2017). https://www.macleans.ca/politics /ottawa/on-trumps-pure-ego-and-that-beautiful-piece

News and Feature Stories, Miscellaneous Items

-of-chocolate-cake/. “When I need to get clear on something that’s been written or spoken, I find it helps to turn to the late Northrop Frye, the peerless University of Toronto literary critic. Frye, as usual, comes through on this one. In The Well-Tempered Critic, published in 1963, he itemizes what the pure voice of ego likes to drone on about. ‘It can,’ Frye said, ‘express only the generic: food, sex, possessions, gossip, aggressiveness and resentments.’ Has Trump ever held forth on anything not on Frye’s short list?” Gilellini, Pietro. “La Bibbia: Il grande Codice della cultura occidentale” [The Bible: The Great Code of Western Literature]. Avvenire (9 November 2012). Rpt. in Il blog di Profrel (17 November 2012). http://profrel.blogspot .it/2012/11/la-bibbia-il-grande-codice-della.html. Gillis, Charlie. “For the Common Good: Maclean’s Special Issue on Leaders and Dreamers.” Maclean’s (2004): 24–6. “Hard to imagine the Canadian patriarch of modern literary criticism being plagued by self-doubt, but there it is in his journals: ‘I’m old hat,’ Frye lamented in a notebook entry in the late 1980s, adding in another: ‘Why am I so respected yet so isolated?’ He needn’t have worried—he is arguably the most distinguished thinker in Canadian history. Frye devised a system of interpreting entire literary works, showing how they draw on an ageless reservoir of symbols and archetypes to produce their own meaning. His ideas, now enjoying a renewed interest, drew worldwide praise, but he’d hoped for more. ‘Frye’s ambition was to put criticism on a level with literature itself,’ says Jean O’Grady, associate editor of his collected works at U of T. He had to settle for inventing a whole new way to read. To most minds, that hardly seems a failure.” Goerzen, Matt. “List of Top 100 Books Reflects Literary ‘Backbone’ of Canada.” Ottawa Citizen (18 November 2005): A3. Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism and The Bush Garden are among the one hundred titles of the Literary Review of Canada’s list of important Canadian books. Granatstein, J.L. “Northrop Frye.” Maclean’s 111, no. 26 (1 July 1998): 20–1. Part of a special issue on the one hundred most important Canadians in history. Focuses on Frye as a teacher whose personality radiated through Canada and beyond. Groen, Rick. “How Northrop Frye Helped Me Connect Feelings to Words.” Globe and Mail (1 January 1991): C1. On his debt to Frye, coming from the classroom experience, from which he “began to appreciate, then to revere, finally to share his obsessive desire to ‘connect, to believe in the root meaning of metaphor as a crossing over,’ a means of uniting the sacred and the profane, the

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serious and the popular, a way of getting from Molly Bloom to Minnie Mouse. Having none of his abilities, I nevertheless acquired some of his faith, his insistence that criticism need not be parasitic, that the attempt to understand—to create order out of chaos and to do so without stooping to cheap dogma or tired orthodoxy—is a valuable pursuit, even when the attempt is inevitably doomed.” Gzowski, Peter. “The Gzowski Papers.” Globe and Mail (29 October 1988): D5. Recounts the awkwardness he experienced in interviewing Frye for the CBC Morningside program. Handysides, Victoria. “Hot Fest Ticket: Get Ready to Frye! Literary Fest Pays Tribute to Famous C.” Here (Saint John, Fredericton and Moncton edition) [St. John, NB] (19 April 2012): A15. On the thirteenth annual Northrop Frye Literary Festival. “The mandate of the fest is drawn from Frye’s philosophies about how powerfully books can stimulate the imagination.” Happy, Michael. “Frye Shunned Turf Wars.” National Post (7 July 2003): A13. Attack on Harold Bloom and Terry Eagleton for their view of Frye as he is revealed in his notebooks. This is a reply to Jeet Heer’s “Dr. Frye and Mr. Hyde.” National Post (5 July 2003): A21. Harris, Robin S. English Studies at Toronto: A History. Toronto: Governing Council, University of Toronto, 1988. Includes scattered references to Frye’s role in the English department at the University of Toronto. See especially chapters 6 and 7. The PhD theses supervised by Frye (and others) are listed in Appendix 2a. “Harron, MacKinnon Stage Northrop Play.” Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (27 March 2002). “The play, Dear Norrie . . . Darling Helen, based on the love letters of Northrop Frye and Helen Kemp, will be one of the highlights at next month’s international literary festival which bears Frye’s name. The play was written by the well-known Canadian couple Don Harron (a.k.a Charlie Farquarson) and his wife, Catherine MacKinnon. They will perform the play during the Moncton festival.” “Hart House 100. Echoes of Northrop Frye @ Hart House” (31 May 2019). http://www.harthouse100.ca/session /northrop-fryes-50th-anniversary-speech/?fbclid =IwAR3hVrPezuwWoFxIrfJc7Xe9AeQAOaOFR2Dwam 8yKzxPajc1Zde8st5Y4RI. “On Remembrance Day 1969, one of Canada’s and University of Toronto’s most decorated academics, Northrop Frye, gave a speech to mark the 50th anniversary of Hart House. In his address given in the Great Hall, ‘Hart House Rededicated,’ Frye said that ‘Hart House represented the university as a society;

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it dramatized the kind of life that the university encourages one to live: a life which imagination and intelligence have a central and continuous function.’ Ever the forward thinker, Frye also tabled the still highly relevant topic of ‘community,’ saying it is ‘defined by who is included, and who is excluded.’ As part of our 100th Anniversary celebrations, Hart House looks back half-a-century to Frye’s address in a special event we are calling, ‘Echoes of Northrop Frye @ Hart House.’ Hosted and moderated by Hart House Warden John Monahan, this event will feature a dramatic re-reading of Frye’s speech, followed by a panel discussion about its resonance 50 years later. Our special guest reader will be actor, writer and musician Nicky Lawrence. Panelists will include author, U of T lecturer and Hart House Board of Stewards Chair, Janelle Joseph; author, teacher and U of T graduate, Ann Y.K. Choi; and award-winning author, U of T professor, and Principal of St. Michael’s College, Randy Boyagoda.” H[ay], J[ohn] A. “Editorial Note.” AUMLA: Journal of the Australasian Universities Language and Literature Association 66 (November 1986): 151. An introduction to the “Special Northrop Frye Number” of AUMLA, commemorating Frye’s visit to Australia and New Zealand in 1986. Several of the articles in the special number come from a seminar held in Frye’s honour at the Australian National University. Hobson, Cole. “Vandals Damage Frye Statue.” Telegraph– Journal [Saint John, NB] (10 November 2012): A3. Howard, Maureen. Facts of Life. Boston: Little, Brown, 1978. 78. Anecdote about Frye from the section of her autobiography, entitled “Dining Out.” “I remember a lunch served up in the back bedroom of a second-story faculty flat in Ohio to Northrop Frye, the literary critic, our visiting dignitary at Kenyon College. . . .I sat at the head of the table, a veritable Madame de Sévigné of central Ohio, exhausted by my labors. I cannot remember one word the great man said, yet getting up from the table I knew that I would dine out on having had him for lunch. I will not bore you with the menu which I do remember down to the last braised turnip in the grande marmite. I was charming too, always that, and knew what to ask, had ‘read up on,’ if not read his book on Blake. Myopic and proper, bending into his soup, he talked as though we wanted really to say something. I got the impression of a generous man, so committed to his work that he could not fathom my triviality.” [Johnson, Phil]. “The Authorized Version––Northrop Frye.” Pietisten 5 (Summer 1990): 15–16. Ruminations on The Great Code and its sequel. Kahan, Marcia. “Pillow Talk.” Books in Canada 14 (April 1985): 3–4. Reports on a debate between Frank Kermode

and Terry Eagleton about the academic study of literature. “About the only subject on which they could agree was Frye’s obsolescence.” Kalinowski, Tess. “From Sprang Springs a Vision of Frye.” Toronto Star (3 April 2005): C03. An interview with Jeff Sprang, who had recently completed a watercolour portrait of Frye. Kapica, Jack. “Frye’s Legacy Continues at U of T.” Globe and Mail (12 April 1991). News story on the question of whether Frye’s course on the Bible, “The Mythological Framework of Western Culture,” will, following his death, continue to be taught at the University of Toronto. Knelman, Martin. “From the Frye Pen into the Foyer.” Toronto Life (August 1987): 10. News story about Frye’s having won the Governor General’s Literary Award for Northrop Frye on Shakespeare. –  “Why We Should Toast Northrop Frye’s 100th Birthday.” McLuhan Galaxy (13 July 2012). http:// mcluhangalaxy.wordpress.com/2012/07/13/2012-is -the-centenary-of-northrop-fryes-birth/. See also ­Toronto Star (14 July 2012). Kushner, Eva. “From the President’s Desk.” Vic Report 18 (Winter 1989–90): 3. Comments on the opening of the Northrop Frye Centre, 22 September 1989. L., L. “Frye, Wieland Are among Arts Award Winners.” Globe and Mail (23 September 1987). News story on Frye’s having received one of the Toronto Arts Awards. Laderoute, Betty. “People.” Maclean’s (15 April 1985): 32. About a Chinese student, Chao Lien, getting to meet Frye, her literary hero, after receiving a scholarship to study at York University. Lancaster, Ian. Books in Canada 24, no. 2 (March 1995): 15–18. On Frye’s addressing the largest international humanities computing conference ever held. Landry, Mike. “Collecting Frye’s Thoughts.” Telegraph–Journal [Saint John, NB] (21 April 2012): E5. “Now retired in Emory, Va., former professor Robert D. Denham has dedicated decades of his career compiling and then annotating Frye’s bibliography. In the process, he has assembled an extensive and unparalleled near nine-metre library of Frye-related material, which he plans to donate to the Moncton Public Library.” LeBlanc, Danielle. “Frye’s Fete; To celebrate the 100th anniversary of Northrop Frye’s Birth and the 13th Annual Frye Festival, Salon Presents a Special Issue Dedicated to Moncton’s Greatest Mind.” Telegraph–Journal [Saint John, NB] (21 April 2012): E2.

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Lee, Alvin. “Not a Frye School.” Toronto Star (1 March 1992): B2. Rebuts the claim of Beverley Slopen that the “The Legacy of Northrop Frye” conference was being organized by “a kind of Frye school,” which is the last thing Frye would have wanted.

Martin, Sandra. “Frye Festival Unveils Headstone.” (Northrop Frye International Literary Festival) Globe and Mail (11 February 2004): R2. A new headstone honouring the mother of Northrop Frye was unveiled on 11 February 2004.

“Lucid Northrop Frye Outshines Gilkey.” The Bishop [Bishop’s University] (21 February 1974): 5. Story in student newspaper about Frye’s lecture on myth at Bishop’s University.

Mathews, Robin. “Frye: An Imperfect Scholar.” Vancouver Sun (23 February 1991): D6. Attacks Frye as an elitist who didn’t value Canadian literature and whose critical theory “exclude[d] literature of social engagement, political commitment and communal affirmation.”

McCall, Christina. “I Think My Head Is Coming Off.” Globe and Mail (3 May 2008): F7. An excerpt from McCall’s My Life as a Dame: The Personal and Political in the Writings of Christina McCall, in which she recounts her experience of Frye as a teacher in the 1950s, and how he influenced her life. Macfarlane, David. “Speaking of Northrop Frye and the Moncton Fallacy.” Globe and Mail (4 March 2002). “That notion of the arts in Canada comes from long ago—as long ago as the time I first went to Moncton. Since then, everything has changed. The arts are no longer a luxury—even if some of our aptly named provincial governments persist in treating them that way. According to a Canada Council newsletter from November, 1999, the cultural sector contributes $29.8-billion to Canada’s gross domestic product.” MacGregor, Janna. “Dozens of Authors Celebrate Frye Festival.” New Brunswick Telegraph Journal [Saint John, NB] (23 April 2001). McIver, Mary. “People.” Maclean’s (4 November 1985). On the problems Frye’s secretary Jane Widdicombe had with the word-processing system used to prepare Frye’s manuscript for The Great Code. “The Maclean’s Honor Roll.” Maclean’s 103 (31 December 1990): 10–35. A profile of Frye, who is included among the 1990 winners of the Maclean’s Honor Roll. Mandel, Charles. “Great Minds: Frye Fest in Moncton Draws Distinguished Scholars and Fans of Walter the Dog.” Ottawa Citizen (8 May 2005): C14. On the sixth annual Northrop Frye Literary Festival. Marchand, Philip. “Biography of an Ongoing Literary Debate.” Toronto Star (3 December 1994): J3. Based partially on an interview with John Ayre about the writing of Frye’s biography. –  “McLuhan, Frye and the Falling Towers.” Toronto Star (30 April 2006). An account of Marchand’s being asked to judge a debate in B.W. Powe’s class on McLuhan and Frye at York University.

–  “Canadian Culture and Its Colonial Leaders: Northrop Frye and Anti-Nationalism.” Vive le Canada (26 January 2005). http://www.vivelecanada.ca/article.php /20050124123456935/print. In the dialectic of power vs. the people, “Northrop Frye had a foot in both camps, using a genuine critical genius in the service of his own self-aggrandizement and in the service of what the Left would no doubt call ‘Ruling Class Power.’” Mostly, a rant about Frye’s antiCanadianism. Mazerolle, Brent. “Frye Fest a Real Page Turner: Annual Literary Festival Broadens Appeal, Becomes Boon to Schools, Local Economy.” Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (24 April 2007): A1. On the success of the eighth annual Northrop Frye Festival. –  “A Side of Frye’s.” Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (23 April 2003). Reproduces a series of quips from Frye’s storehouse of wit and wisdom. Mentek, John. “Critically Acclaimed: Northrop Frye Devoted His Life to Testing the Power of Words.” The Spectator [Hamilton, ON] (6 May 1997): A4. Quotes from several people about the scope of Frye’s achievement: Alvin Lee, Brian Merrilees, Jean Wilson, Joe Adamson, Michael Happy, Robert Denham. Meyer, Bruce. “Northrop Frye at 100: Does He Still Matter?” Globe and Mail [Toronto, ON] (14 July 2012): R17. “[Northrop Frye] perceived that we may not live in literature as much as we live in culture, and served as a member of the CRTC, a post he loathed. His arguments for Canadian-made broadcasting are still germane and are one of the reasons why we continue to protect the CBC. His ideas regarding Canadian culture were formed years earlier, when he was an editor of The Canadian Forum.” Miller, Mary Ruth. “A Book of Insights.” Road to Wonderful: Journey through Fantasy Literature 2 (April 1991): 3. Review of the 2nd ed. of The Child as Critic, by Glenna Davis Sloan. Mollins, Carl. “Words to Free the Spirit.” Maclean’s 103 (31 December 31): 12–13. Part of a special section on the

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twelve Canadian citizens selected for the 1990 Maclean’s Honor Roll.

“Northrop Frye: How Moncton’s Literary Mastermind Ruined My Life.” Times–Transcript (26 April 2012).

Morrison, George. Letter to the editor. Vancouver Sun (23 March 1991): D20. An answer to Robin Mathews’s charge (see above) that Frye was arrogant and unable to understand Canadian culture.

“Northrop Frye International Literary Festival.” Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (27 March 2004). News story on the fifth annual Frye Festival.

“Moulded Memories: Artists Darren Byers and Fred Harrison Share the Creative Process behind Crafting a Bronze Sculpture of Northrop Frye to Reflect His Foundational Years in Moncton.” Telegraph–Journal [Saint John, NB] (21 April 2012): E3. The finished sculpture to be installed in front of the Moncton Public Library and unveiled on Frye’s 100th birthday, 14 July 2012. Mullins, Anne. “Never Too Late for Love.” Reader’s Digest (February 2006): 97. About the writer’s intimidation at being seated one evening at Massey College beside “Canadian literary icon Northrop Frye and his new wife, Elizabeth Brown Frye” but, seeing them holding hands under the table, mustered her courage and said how happy their marriage made her feel.” Mussapi, Roberto. “Frye: Lo scrittore ÿeg figlio di scrittori.” Il Giornale (27 May 1987): 3. News story about the international conference devoted to Frye’s work in Rome, Italy, 25–27 May 1987. “Northrop Frye.” Communio Viatorum 29, no. 4 (Winter 1986): 186. “Northrop Frye: A Life Spent Trying to Make Everything Fit.” Toronto Star (29 January 1983): H5. “Northrop Frye at 74: A Legend Just Can’t Let Up.” The Gazette [Montreal] (9 August 1986): B9. A wireservice story, based on an interview, in which Frye chats about his teaching and his reaction to public acclaim. A shorter version of the same feature appeared as “Frye Does His Research in Mind, Not the Library,” in the Winnipeg Free Press (8 August 1986): 30, and in Vancouver Sun (8 August 1986): D6. “Northrop Frye Centre Initiated.” Vic Report 16 (Spring 1988): 3. News story about the establishment in April 1988 of the Northrop Frye Centre of Victoria University, which will focus on “fields of academic endeavor that are akin to the thought and writings” of Frye and will support “projects capable of making excellent contributions to research in the human sciences.” “Northrop Frye Has Been Named the First Canadian Winner of the $10,000 Permio Mondello Prize.” Globe and Mail (19 September 1990): C3. One of the most prestigious of Italian literary prizes.

“Northrop Frye To Wed Classmate.” Globe and Mail (26 July 1988): C3. “‘We’ve always been friends and we stayed friends,’ [Northrop Frye], 76, said. ‘It was a friendship, of course, as long as her husband and my wife were alive.’ Frye, well known in North American literary circles, described the forthcoming marriage as a ‘continuation of the same friendship we’ve always had.’” “Northrop Frye Wins Top Literary Award.” University of Toronto Magazine (Summer 1987): 29. On Frye’s receiving the Governor General’s Literary Award. O’Grady, Jean. “Frye Would Smile.” Globe and Mail (9 January 1999): D7. In response to the decision of the board of the Moncton public library not to name the public library after Frye: “Evidently he had a higher opinion of the library than the library’s board has of him.” O’Leary, Sara. “Rapping with Ghosts.” Times–Colonist [Victoria, BC] (16 May 2004). “Talking to the Dead suffers from this sort of forced skepticism on the part of its author. She seems almost apologetic about her attraction to the Fox sisters and hesitant to lend any credence to their claims of contact with the spirit world. . . . On this subject, I find myself comfortably perched atop a fence, with the eminent scholar Northrop Frye for company. In a rewarding new compendium titled Northrop Frye Unbuttoned: Wit and Wisdom from the Notebooks and Diaries, selected by Robert D. Denham (Anansi Press, 326 pages), Frye has this to say on the subject of ghosts: ‘When I am asked if I “believe” in ghosts, I usually reply that ghosts, from all accounts, appear to be matters of experience rather than belief, and that so far I have had no experience of them.’” O’Malley, Thomas P. America 151 (10 November 1984): 306. Says that in The Great Code Frye “prepares the ground for hearing anew” the dialogue going on between the Old and New Testaments. “Opere principali di Northrop Frye tradotte in Italia” [Main Works by Northrop Frye Translated into Italian]. Metaphore 1 (October 1989): 40. A bibliography of ­Frye’s books that are available in Italian. “The Only Poem Northrop Frye Hasn’t Read.” Toronto (October 1986): 8. About a bit of doggerel entitled “Reflections on Spending Three Straight Hours Reading Anatomy of Criticism,” circulated among Victoria College students. The complete text: “Northrop Frye / Whatta

News and Feature Stories, Miscellaneous Items

guy / Reads more books than you or I / Treats them with an equal eye / Archetypes are apple pie / Will she cry? Will he die? / Northrop never wonders why / Shakespeare cannot make him shy / Shylock’s just like Captain Bligh / Value judgments are a lie / Find the patterns that apply / Squeeze out Hamlet, let it dry / Presto! Catcher in the Rye.” “Pages Nino Ricci Turns to When He Needs Inspiration.” Maclean’s 118, no. 38 (19 September 2005): 64. The Educated Imagination is among the ten books that have had the greatest influence on Ricci. “Park Bench Welcomes Frye Back to Moncton: Statue Commemorates one of Canada’s Celebrated Critics.” Telegraph–Journal [Saint John, NB] (14 July 2012): A3. “After years of planning and fundraising, a new statue of author and influential literary critic Northrop Frye was unveiled at its new home in front of the Moncton Public Library. . . . Before the unveiling of the sculpture, the Frye Festival in collaboration with the New Brunswick Public Library Service also formally announced a major donation by Robert D. Denham to the Moncton Public Library. Professor Emeritus at Roanoke College in Virginia, Denham is donating his complete collection of books and objects that belonged to Northrop Frye, along with Frye’s manuscripts, first editions of his books and many other works that feature Frye. A highlight of the collection is Frye’s own writing desk and chair from the upstairs room in his Toronto home, which will join Frye’s typewriter at the library.” Passell, Peter. “Adam Smith, Meet Northrop Frye.” New York Times (10 October 1990): D2. About Donald McCloskey’s If You’re So Smart: The Narrative of Economic Expertise, which “is surely the first [book] by an economist to marshal the ideas of Harold Bloom, Daniel Defoe, Euripides, Northrop Frye . . . Wallace Stevens and Virginia Woolf,” among others. “People: Margaret Storey, Audrey Morrice, Northrop Frye.” United Church Observer 68, no. 10 (2004). Pichette, Robert. “Booking Northrop Frye.” Globe and Mail (4 January 1999). On the rejection by the library board of the Moncton, NB, city council’s decision to rename the Moncton Public Library the Northrop Frye Library. Placido, Beniamino. “La spada di carta” [The Paper Sword]. La Repubblica (29 May 1987): 24–5. News story about the international conference devoted to Frye’s work in Rome, Italy, 25–27 May 1987. Plevano, Carla Pezzini. “Notizie su Northrop Frye e sul suo metodo critico” [News about Northrop Frye and His

485

Critical Method]. Metaphore 1 (October 1989): 35. Brief overview of Frye’s critical method. Poirier, Lise. “Literary Festival Begins Tomorrow. Event Named in Memory of Northrop Frye.” New Brunswick Telegraph Journal [Saint John, NB] (27 April 2000). News story about the first Frye Festival. Popowich, F.N. “Writer Got It All Wrong about Frye and CanLit.” Vancouver Sun (13 April 1991): D20. A reply top Robin Mathews’s “Frye: An Imperfect Scholar.” (See above.) “Prof. Frye Got It Right: Northrop Frye Was Astute Enough about Crime Fiction to Realize the Solutions Are the Least of Its Pleasures.” Toronto Star (13 January 2002). “Frye, unlike [Edmund] Wilson, was astute enough about crime fiction to realize that the solution is the least of its pleasures. Who cares who committed the murder? It’s the path to the solution that provides the most pleasing sensations in every crime writer from Conan Doyle to Robert B. Parker, which was the point that Frye was getting at when he wrote in his diary that he enjoyed crime fiction’s ‘overtones.’ By this, he meant the trappings in which the mystery is wrapped in the best of crime fiction, the feeling of place, the personality of the sleuth, his methods, drinking habits, girlfriends (or boyfriends) and his (her) way of moving through the world of the immediate crime.” Quigley, Theresia. “Introduction” [Le festival litteraire international Northrop Frye]. Ellipse 69 (Spring 2003): 9, 11. Quill, Greg. “Northrop Frye Admirable Even in This Wretched Work.” Toronto Star (24 December 1989): C6. Review of Harry Rasky’s film Northrop Frye: The Great Teacher. –  “Toronto Honors the Best with Annual Arts Awards.” Toronto Star (23 September 1987): Fl. News story about Frye’s having received an award for Lifetime Achievement, one of the 1987 Toronto Arts Awards. Rawlines, Karen. “Passes for Northrop Frye Festival Selling Well.” Telegraph–Journal [Saint John, NB] (20 April 2005). On the sixth annual Frye Festival in Moncton, NB. “RCMP spied on Canadian Academic Northrop Frye.” Intelnews.org (30 July 2011). https://intelnews.org /2011/07/30/01-774/#more-6961. “Newly released archival records show the Royal Canadian Mounted Police’s Security Service relied on a secret informant to compile a 142-page file on the esteemed University of Toronto professor Northrop Frye, who died in 1991. Dr Frye’s ‘crime’: He campaigned for an end to the Vietnam War and against South Africa’s apartheid system.”

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Reaney, James. “Northrop Frye @100: His Place in the Reaney & Thibaudeau Cosmos.” James’ Brand New Blog (14 July 2012). http://blogs.canoe.ca/brandnewblog /general/northrop-frye-100-his-place-in-the-reaney -thibaudeau-cosmos/. “Remembering Frye.” Globe and Mail (26 January 1991): C10. On the two memorial services for Frye. Richardson, Mark. “Northrop Frye Keeps Educating Imaginations.” London Free Press [Ontario] (24 October 2000). On Frye’s continuing influence, based on interview with James Reaney and Alvin Lee. Ritts, Morton. “No Light on the Great Teacher.” Broadcast Week (23–29 December 1989): 10. Review of Harry Rasky’s film Northrop Frye: The Great Teacher. Robb, Edith. “Insights into Northrop Frye’s Mind.” Times–Transcript (27 March 2004). “This year, in a bid for better understanding of some of his great works like Fearful Symmetry: A Study of William Blake, Anatomy of Criticism, The Educated Imagination, and Words with Power, among others, I chanced on a slim volume at Chapters [Northrop Frye]: A Visionary Life.” –  “Northrop Frye’s Vision Still Shapes Our World Today.” Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (14 April 2001). –  “Pausing to Reflect on the Work of Northrop Frye.” Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (26 March 2005). A little anthology of Frye’s epigrammatic remarks, culled from Northrop Frye Unbuttoned. Robichaud, Jesse. “Atwood to Headline 2011 Frye Festival.” Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (9 June 2010): A3. Announcement that Atwood will deliver Northrop Frye-Antonine Maillet lecture at the twelfth annual Frye Festival. “Roch Carrier Coming to Moncton: Celebrated Canadian Author Participating in Next Month’s Northrop Frye Literary Festival.” Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (12 March 2002). Rundle, Lisa. “Portrait of a Master.” U of T Magazine (Summer 2005). On Jeff Sprang’s portrait of Frye. Runte, Roseann. “A Fan of Frye.” Globe and Mail (16 January 1999): D7. On the debate about whether to name the public library in Moncton, NB, after its most famous son. Salusinszky, Imre. “The Bridge at Midnight Trembles: David Irving, Skulduggery and Canada.” Quadrant 37 nos. 7–8 (July–August 1993): 80–2. “Late last year I spent a few days in Toronto at a conference on the legacy of the Canadian literary critic Northrop Frye. While there, I was

amused to observe the frantic efforts of the Canadian immigration authorities to get the ‘revisionist’ historian David Irving out of their country. Irving is always good theatre, but there was something particularly spectacular about looking at him from where I stood—at a conference on Frye. A great scholar, a great humanist, a great liberal, Northrop Frye was everything that David Irving isn’t.” –  “Pollies Caught in Tale Spin.” Weekend Australian [Canberra, ACT] (4 October 2008): 40. On Frye’s definition of plot. Salutin, Rick. “Northrop Frye, Pete Colgrove, and the Price of Fame.” Toronto Star (20 July 2012): A23; also at http://rabble.ca/columnists/2012/07/northrop-frye-pete -colgrove-and-price-fame. Sapelak, Dave. “Northrop Frye Book a Natural for Ayre.” Royal City Tribune (8 June 1988): 27, 32. News story about John Ayre writing Frye’s biography. Scott-Wallace, Tammy. “Kings County Artists Channel Northrop Frye.” Kings County Record [Sussex, NB] (21 February 2012): B1. On the two artists who sculpted the life-size bronze of Frye, installed in the plaza of the Moncton Public Library. Sexton, Rosemary. “Northrop Frye Wedding Celebrated by Friends.” Among the 250 people present at the celebration of Frye’s marriage to Elizabeth Eedy Brown: A.B.B. Moore, Jane and Deryk Widdicombe, Helen Hogg-Priestley, Morley Callaghan, Alex Langford, Chaviva Hošek, Margaret Atwood, Jean Little, Margaret Avison, Helen Duncan, Alice Boissoneau., Vincent Tovell, Eva Kushner, Ramsay and Eleanor Cook, Pauline and Donald McGibbon, friends of Mrs. Frye’s from Brantford, Simcoe, and St. Marys; her three children, Cathleen, Jamie, and Sarah; and John and Dorothy Eedy, and Francesca Valenti. Slopen, Beverley. “Bridging Two Solitudes.” Toronto Star (1 February 1992): J16. “The Frygians are coming. On Oct. 29–31, 1992, some 50 scholars around the world—from Japan, Germany, Italy, France, Australia, Denmark and assorted universities in Canada and the United States— will gather at Toronto’s Victoria College for a conference titled ‘The Legacy of Northrop Frye.’ Irving Layton coined the word ‘Frygian’ some 40 years ago to describe acolytes of the late Northrop Frye, Canada’s revered literary critic and scholar. Although Layton did not use the word Frygian approvingly, Frye’s interpretations of literature deeply influenced hundreds of other creative writers.” Smith, Jim. “Northrop Frye, David W. McFadden and My Mother All Agree on One Thing.” Legal Studies Forum 41, nos. 2–3 (Winter 2012): 498. A poem.

News and Feature Stories, Miscellaneous Items

Smyth, Michael. “Literary World Mourns Frye’s Death.” Ottawa Citizen (24 January 1991): B8. Spence, Bob. “Frye Featured Christmas Night.” Northern Daily News (13 December 1989). A notice of the showing on CBC-TV of Harry Rasky’s film Northrop Frye: The Great Teacher. Stanley, Don. “Television.” Toronto Sun (6 April 1976). Review of the film Journey without Arrival. Steele, Charles R. “Canada.” Year’s Work in English Studies 64 (1983): 561. Comments briefly on a symposium devoted to The Great Code. Summarizes the four papers, which were subsequently published in the University of Toronto Quarterly. Stevenson, Warren. Letter to the editor. Vancouver Sun (23 Mach 1991): D20. Defends Frye against the charges levelled against him by Robin Mathews (see above). Strong, Joanne. “The Informal Northrop Frye.” Globe and Mail (26 February 1983): 18. Sketch of Frye’s professional life, based on an interview. “Writing is his chief joy, but it has become ‘a furtive business,’ he told me. ‘You have to do it at odd moments.’ He keeps the traditional notebook at hand, writes down ideas as they come—on the subway or anywhere else. ‘Psychologically, I never get away from it. The little clicking machine,’ referring to his mind, ‘never turns off.’” Taylor, Kate. “48 Views of Frye Reveal Little of the Man.” Globe and Mail (8 March 1991): C8. Review of Arnaud Magg’s photographs of Frye, on display at the Cold City Gallery. “The subject is shown 48 times, 24 in profile and 24 face on, in poses that vary so little that it takes close examination to determine that these are not simply multiple prints of two single images. Frye stares out at us with utter composure, revealing little; Maggs is not interested in portraiture, choosing to coolly document features rather than research character.” Thompson, Lee. “Frye Column Was Terrific.” Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (5 January 1999). Letter to the editor regarding the debate over naming the Moncton Public Library for Frye. “Thousands Flock to Frye Festival Events.” Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (28 April 2003). On the fourth annual Frye Festival. Todd, Douglas. “Delight in the Mystery of God.” Vancouver Sun (8 February 1992): 15. On Frye’s religious views as inferred from The Double Vision, The Great Code, and Words with Power. –  “Understanding Canada’s Literary Scholar: Northrop Frye Believed Love Was Key to God.”

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Kitchener–Waterloo Record [Kitchener, ON] 28 March 1992: H5. On Frye’s religious views and his relationship with the Church. Toogood, Allison. “Northrop Frye Literary Festival Lineup Unveiled: 13th Annual Event Will See Headliners Eva Stachniak, Terry Fallis, Dr. Monia Mazigh and Eduardo Manet.” Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (21 February 2012): A. Includes an account of the unveiling of a bronze statue of Frye at the Moncton Public Library. Turner, Barbara E. “Canadian Books.” Toronto Star (9 April 1988): M1, M6. Comments on the Italian reception of Frye’s work. “University Opens Northrop Frye Centre.” Toronto Star (2 September 1989): E22. Brief note about the book and manuscript exhibition and the showing of the film by Harry Rasky, The Great Teacher: Northrop Frye, which were part of the ceremonies inaugurating the Frye Centre at Victoria University, 22 September 1989. “U of T to Save Northrop Frye-founded Centre.” Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) (29 October 2010). On the successful reaction against the University of Toronto’s plans to disband the university’s centre for comparative literature, which had been founded by Frye. Vendeville, Geoffrey. “Apala Das Applied for PhD in English after Watching Late Literary Critic Frye’s Lectures Online.” U of T News (8 September 2017). Veniot, Andre. “Moncton Plans Northrop Frye Festival.” New Brunswick Telegraph Journal [Saint John, NB] (1 October 1999). Plans for the first annual festival. Vernon, Kristen. “Moncton Reverses Street Name Change Decision.” Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (6 July 2004). A new street will be found to honour Frye. “View Frye Material at Library.” Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (10 April 2014): A.5. “The Moncton Public Library is the proud caretaker of the largest collection of Northrop Frye memorabilia and publications in the world, the Robert D. Denham collection. Comprised of hundreds of primary and secondary sources, as well as paintings, caricatures, tributes and various objects relating to the internationally renowned literary critic, this archival collection is located in the library’s Heritage Room and is available to local patrons as well as visiting scholars.” Vincent, Isabel. “Frye’s Biographer on Two Short Lists.” Globe and Mail (28 February 1990): C9. News story about John Ayre’s Northrop Frye: A Biography having become a finalist for the Trillium Book Award and the City of Toronto Book Award.

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“Voter pour donner à Northrop Frye une présence permanente au centre-ville” [Vote to Give Northrop Frye a Permanent Presence in the City Centre]. L’Étoile Dieppe [Richibucto, NB] (1 July 2010): C4. An appeal to support a contest for funds to erect a bronze statue of Frye in Moncton, NB. Wallace, David. Letter to the editor. Vancouver Sun (23 March 1991): D20. Sees Robin Mathews’s attack on Frye (see above) as “arrogant, condescending, and even occasionally insulting.” Wallace, Kate. “Leading Literary Centre; Donation Gift Gives Moncton Library Canada’s Most Extensive Collection on Northrop Frye.” Telegraph–Journal [Saint John, NB] (13 July 2012): A1. Also as “Northrop Frye’s Works Coming Home: Collection of Literary Icon’s Writing to Be Donated to Moncton Public Library by American Professor.” Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (13 July 2012): A4. On the Denham collection donated to the Moncton Public Library in 2012, “the most extensive private collection that exists anywhere,” its catalogue running to more than eighty pages. Ward, Marney McLaughlin. “Thank you, Northrop Frye.” Vancouver Sun (5 February 1991): A8. “I want to thank Northrop Frye for his profound influence on all English students and all readers.” Watkins, Evan. Work Time: English Departments and the Circulation of Cultural Value. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1989. 201–6, 211–30. Wiersma, Robert J. “Myth, Magic, and the Light of Day.” Vancouver Sun (9 November 2004). On the debts of Charles Montgomery to Frye’s view of myth and his one-time immersion in Frye’s work.

Willer, Brian. “Words to Free the Spirit.” Maclean’s, 21 December 1990, 13. Personal interest story on Frye as a teacher and internationally known intellectual. Wilson, A.N. “Despite Frye’s Efforts, We Still Don’t Get the Point.” Daily Telegraph [London, UK] (24 September 2001): 23. Reflections on Fearful Symmetry, The Great Code, and the previously unpublished notebooks. Winchell, Mark Royden. Reinventing the South: Versions of a Literary Region. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2006. 59–61. On Monroe K. Spears’s assessment of Frye. Winkelaar, Felix. “Why Ask Why? New Riders of the Purple Sage: A Honda-Riding Academic Reinterprets Frederick Jackson Turner by Way of Frye, Wayne and Edison.” Windsor Star (28 June 1993): A7. Justifies his riding a motorcycle by way of the myth of the Western frontier and its accompanying archetypes as defined by Frye. Wishart, John. “City Asked to Stage Annual Northrop Frye Festival.” Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (23 May 1991): 13. On the appeal to the Moncton city council by Douglas Mantz for support for the Frye Festival as an annual event. –  “Do We Deserve to Honour Northrop Frye?” Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (6 January 1999). On whether Moncton should honour Frye by naming its library after him. Concludes that it should. For a reply in support see Giselle Leblanc’s letter to the editor, Times–Transcript (11 January 1999). See also Frank Carroll, “Frye Name on Library ‘pretty well dead.’” Times–Transcript [Moncton, NB] (26 January 1999).

Chapter 5

Biographical Notices and Articles

The Annual Obituary. 1991. Detroit: St. James Press, 1992. Belliveau, John Edward. “The Incredible Monctonian.” In The Monctonians: Scamps, Scholars and Politicians, vol. 2. Hantsport, NS: Lancelot Press, 1982. 224–29. Biographical sketch. Benet’s Reader’s Encyclopedia of American Literature. 1st edition. Ed. George Perkins, Barbara Perkins, and Phillip Leininger. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1991.

Poetry, Journalism, Drama, Motion Pictures, Television, and Other Fields. Volume 1. Toronto: Gale Canada, 1996. Contemporary Literary Criticism: The Year in Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and World Literature and the Year’s New Authors, Prizewinners, Obituaries, and Outstanding Literary Events. Volume 70: Yearbook 1991. Detroit: Gale Research, 1992. Current Biography Yearbook. 1991 edition. New York: H.W. Wilson Co., 1991

Benet’s Reader’s Encyclopedia. 4th edition. Ed. Bruce Murphy. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1996.

Cyclopedia of World Authors. 3rd edition. 5 volumes. Ed. Frank N. Magill. Pasadena, CA: Salem Press, 1997.

Biographical Companion to Literature in English. By Antony Kamm. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 1997.

Dictionary of Literary Biography. Vol. 246. Twentieth-Century American Cultural Theorists. Ed. Paul Hansom. Detroit: Gale Group, 2001.

The Cambridge Biographical Encyclopedia. 2nd edition. Ed. David Crystal. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1998. The Cambridge Guide to Literature in English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 414–15. Chambers Biographical Dictionary. 6th edition. Ed. Melanie Parry. New York: Larousse Kingfisher Chambers, 1997. The Columbia Encyclopedia. New York: Columbia University Press, 2008. Contemporary Authors: A Bio-Bibliographical Guide to Current Writers in Fiction, General Nonfiction, Poetry, Journalism, Drama, Motion Pictures, Television, and Other Fields. Volume 133. Detroit: Gale Research, 1991. Contemporary Authors, New Revision Series: A Bio-Bibliographical Guide to Current Writers in Fiction, General Nonfiction, Poetry, Journalism, Drama, Motion Pictures, Television, and Other Fields. Volume 37. Detroit: Gale Research, 1992. Contemporary Canadian Authors: A Bio-Bibliographical Guide to Current Writers in Fiction, General Nonfiction,

Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers. London: Continuum, 2005. Entry by Roger A. Shiner. Dobson, Darrell. “Northrop Frye.” In The Literary Encyclopedia (18 May 2005). http://www.litencyc.com/php/ speople.php?rec=true&UID=1648. The Edinburgh Encyclopaedia of Modern Criticism and Theory. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2002. Encyclopedia of World Biography. 2nd edition. 17 volumes. Detroit: Gale Research, 1998. First edition published as The McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of World Biography with 6 supplement volumes published as Encyclopedia of World Biography: 20th Century Supplement. See also updated entry from the 2004 edition. Encyclopedia of World Literature in the 20th Century. 3rd edition. 4 volumes. Detroit: St. James Press, 1999. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Semiotics, Media, and Communications. By Marcel Danesi. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000. Facts about the 20th Century. By George Ochoa and Melinda Corey. New York: H.W. Wilson Co., 2001.

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The Facts on File Encyclopedia of the Twentieth Century. Ed. John Drexel. New York: Facts on File, 1991. The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide. Abington: Helicon, 2008. The International Who’s Who. 55th edition. London: Europa Publications, 1991. Gale Research, Detroit. Major Twentieth-Century Writers. A selection of sketches from Contemporary Authors. 2nd edition. 5 volumes. Detroit: Gale Research, 1999. Marquis Who Was Who in America 1985–Present. New Providence, NJ: Marquis Who’s Who LLC, 2007. The New York Times Biographical Service: A Compilation of Current Biographical Information of General Interest. Vol. 22, nos. 1–12. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms International, 1991. Newsmakers: The People behind Today’s Headlines. 1991 Cumulation. Detroit: Gale Research, 1991. Issues prior to 1988, Issue 2, were published as Contemporary Newsmakers. “Northrop Frye.” New Brunswick Public Libraries, New Brunswick Author Portal. https://www1.gnb.ca/0003 /Pages/en/NB_Aut-e.asp?CODE=GP. Concluding paragraph: “Those looking to learn more about Northrop Frye can visit the Robert D. Denham Northrop Frye Collection at Moncton Public Library. This collection, containing Frye’s manuscripts, personal writing desk and chair, publications in multiple languages, and more were donated to the library by Professor Emeritus Robert D. Denham from Roanoke College in Virginia. This compilation is the largest collection of Frye’s works and memorabilia in the world.” The Oxford Companion to Canadian History. Ed. Gerald Hallowell. Don Mills: Oxford University Press, 2004. The Oxford Companion to Canadian Literature. 2nd ­edition. Ed. Eugene Benson and William Toye. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1997.

The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 6th edition. Ed. Margaret Drabble. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2000. The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-Century Literature in English. Ed. Jenny Stringer. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. Brief entries on Frye are found also in the following Oxford Reference works: Encyclopedia of Semiotics and The Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers. Peckham, Robert W. “Frye, Northrop.” Cyclopedia of World Authors. 4th revised edition. Pasadena, CA: ­Salem Press, 2003. Biographical essay. The Penguin International Dictionary of Contemporary Biography from 1900 to the Present. 2nd edition. By ­Edward Vernoff and Rima Shore. New York: Viking Penguin, 2001. First edition published by New American Library as The International Dictionary of 20th Century Biography. The Reader’s Adviser. 14th edition. 6 volumes. Ed. Marion Sader. New Providence, NJ: R.R. Bowker, 1994. Reference Guide to American Literature. 4th edition. Ed. Thomas Riggs. Detroit: St. James Press, 2000. White, John P., and Peter Quartermaine. “Frye, Herman Northrop.” In 20th Century Culture: A Biographical Companion, ed. Alan Bullock and R. B. Woodings. New York: Harper & Row, 1983. 246–7. Who Was Who in America. Vol. 10, 1989–1993. New Providence, NJ: Marquis Who’s Who, 1993. Who’s Who in Canadian Literature. 1992–3 edition. By Gordon Ripley and Anne Mercer. Teeswater, ON: ­Reference Press, 1992. Who’s Who in the World. 8th edition, 1987–8. Wilmette, IL: Marquis Who’s Who, 1986. World Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book, 1991. ­Volume 7, p. 548 (by Ronald B. Hatch).

Chapter 6

Reviews of Frye’s Books, Excluding Those in the Collected Works

The following entries are arranged alphabetically by title. For reviews of the separate volumes in the Collected Works of Northrop Frye see chapter 7. 1. Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1957 For reviews of the Collected Works edition, see chapter 7. Abrams, Meyer H. “Anatomy of Criticism.” University of Toronto Quarterly 28 (January 1959): 190–6. 3350 words. Partially rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism, vol. 24, ed. Sharon R. Gunton (Detroit: Gale Research, 1983), 209–11. “Professor Frye has written a big, packed, compendious, and audacious book. He undertakes specifically a ‘science’ of criticism which, following the model of the modern natural sciences, is constructed on the basis of ‘an inductive survey of the literary field.’ His aim is to achieve what criticism has always lacked, a body of knowledge which, like any genuine science, will be systematic, coherent, and progressive. This knowledge is not to be exclusive but ‘synoptic’; that is, it will incorporate everything that is valid in existing approaches to literature. Aristotelian poetics, aesthetic criticism, literary history and scholarship, the new criticism of text and texture, the newer criticism of myth and archetype, medieval hermeneutics—all are accepted and given their due places in a single critical system.”

Amoruso, Vito. “Una analisi dei generi letterari” [An Analysis of Literary Genres]. Paese Sera (11 July 1969). Rev. of the Italian trans. Anderson, G.L. Seventeenth-Century News 16 (Summer 1958): 17–18. 660 words. Angyalosi, Gergely. “Egy tudós vágyálmai” [The Dream of a Scientist]. Élet és Irodalom 4, no. 15 (16 April 1999). Rev. of Hungarian trans. Anonymous. The Asahi (28 July 1980), book review sect. Rev. of the Japanese trans. In Japanese. –  Bulletin critique du livre français 291 (March 1970): 251. Brief rev. of the French trans. –  Burgenländisches Volksblatt [Eisenstadt]. Brief rev. of the German trans. –  Dalhousie Review 74 (Spring 1994): 65. –  Freiheit [Ramat-Gan, Israel]. Brief rev. of the German trans.

Adams, Hazard. “Criticism: Hence and Whither?” American Scholar 28 (Spring 1959): 614–19. 2400 words.

–  “Literary Dissection.” TLS 2920 (14 February 1958): 1–2. 1300 words. Summarizes the central arguments of each section of the Anatomy. Finds it to be an impressive and stimulating contribution to the issues of critical theory. Believes, however, that the book remains on too abstract a level, the theory becoming almost an end in itself, and that Frye “makes too little allowance for the pervasive part played by judgments of value in all critical perception.”

–  Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 16 (June 1958): 533–4. 1000 words.

–  Neuer Bücherdienst [Vienna] (March 1965). Brief notice of the German trans.

Adams, Robert Martin. “Dreadful Symmetry.” Hudson Review 10 (Winter 1957–8): 614–19. 2400 words.

–  Südwestfunk [Baden Baden] (2 September 1965). Transcription of a radio review of the German trans. Says that the specialized terminology and complex taxonomies make the book unnecessarily difficult, yet it deserves “our undivided attention because it contains nothing less than a comprehensive poetics of world literature.”

Akasofu, Tetsuji. Tokyo University Newspaper 2357 (14 July 1980). Rev. of the Japanese trans. In Japanese. Altarocca, Claudio. “Anatomia della critica.” Il Resto del Carlino (2 July 1969). Rev. of the Italian trans.

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–  Theatergemeinde Bochum E.V. Bochum 8 (1965–6). Brief notice of the German trans. –  Welt der Bücher [Freiburg] (1965–6). 575 words. Rev. of the German trans. Claims that Frye’s criticism has no practical value and that it is carried to theoretical extremes. Worries that he has bracketed out the question of literary experience. –  Zeitschrift für Dekende junge Menschen [Vienna] 9/10 (1965). Brief notice of the German trans. B., O. National Zeitung [Basel] 519 (9 November 1964). 450 words. Rev. of the German trans. Calls attention to the separation in Anatomy of Criticism between the direct experience of literature and the critical knowledge of that experience, and to the way Frye’s terminology expresses this knowledge. Bannon, Barbara. Publishers Weekly 189 (3 January 1966): 72. Brief notice about the appearance of the Atheneum edition. Baum, Paull. South Atlantic Quarterly 57 (Winter 1958): 140–1. 480 words. Gives an overview of the subject matter of Anatomy of Criticism and describes Frye’s pluralistic aim. The “best things in the book . . . are his observations along the way on individual artists and individual works.” Beaujean Marion. Büchanzeiger für Öffentliche Bücherein [Reutlingen] (June 1966). Brief notice of the German trans. –  Bücherei und Bildung [Reutlingen] 6 (1966). 230 words. Distinguishes Frye’s systematic method from the typical approach of the professional German reviewers. B[eebe], M[aurice]. Modern Fiction Studies 3 (Winter 1957–8): 366. 75 words. Comments briefly on Frye’s theory of prose fiction in the Anatomy. Frye “does a better job of separating fiction from other types of literature than most critics do.” Blankenberg, Lutz. Die Büchkommentare [Berlin] 4 (November 1964). Brief notice of the German trans. Bloom, Harold. Yale Review 47 (September 1957): 130–3. 1260 words. Identifies Frye’s critical forebears as Ruskin, Blake, and the Platonic tradition. “The major value in Frye’s Anatomy is constructive; a Poetics which is complete, sane, and honestly discursive. . . . The minor value is descriptive, and equally relevant: a clear introduction to the structural principles of literature is now available.” Compares Anatomy of Criticism to Tovey’s account of the structural principles of music, though unlike Tovey, Frye “has had to work alone.” Summarizes the book’s four essays. Believes, finally, that in his synoptic

aim Frye tries too hard to be a reconciler, thus denying the “real differences between almost all fashionable criticism and his own theories.” Brooks, Cleanth. Christian Scholar 41 (June 1958): 169–73. Burke, Fedelian. Literature East & West 5 (Summer 1958): 13–14. 950 words. Summarizes briefly the Four Essays of Anatomy of Criticism. Sees the book essentially as a study of genre—“a highly articulated schematization, by turns brilliant and baffling.” States that, despite the richness and diversity of Frye’s treatment, he has a “rather cavalier approach to terminology,” tends to argue in a priori fashion, and confuses historical and theoretical interpretation. Burke, Kenneth. “The Encyclopaedic, Two Kinds of.” Poetry 91 (February 1958): 320–8 [324–8]. 1300 words. Isolates Frye’s conceptions of mode, symbol, and archetype for special commentary. Finds his special vocabulary somewhat discomfiting, though at the same time it reveals an exceptional personality. Observes that Frye’s taxonomies are more “like a sliding scale than a fixed system of differentiation.” Busch, Günther. “Anatomie der Literaturkritik.” Neues Forujm 14 (February 1967): 186–7. 1350 words. Compares and contrasts Anatomy of Criticism with the work of Ernst Robert Curtius: their methods, the conceptual-theoretical and the philological-historical respectively, are quite different, but they both assume a connection between critical ideas across national borders and epochs. Warns that Frye sometimes overcomplicates his ideas and terminology, that he pays too little attention to historical phenomena, and that his view of the autonomy of criticism is suspect. But praises the book for its conceptual power and enlightening perceptions. Cardwell, Guy. Key Reporter 23 (July 1958): 7. 110 words. Believes Anatomy of Criticism is one of the half dozen volumes of literary criticism that will be read a half century later. Carrier, Giles. “La critique est-elle une science?” [Is Criticism a Science?] Études Françaises 6 (May 1970): 221–6. 1750 words. Rev. of the French trans. Places Frye’s critical project in the context of other recent efforts in literary theory, from Eliot and Pound to Bachelard, Wellek, and Warren. Sees Aristotle as Frye’s primary influence. Summarizes each of the Four Essays in the book. Remarks that throughout Frye displays a flexible and novel method, specifically different from that of the other human sciences. Celati, Gianni. “Anatomia e sistematiche letterarie” [Anatomy and Literary Systematics]. Libri Nuovi, August

Reviews of Frye’s Books, Excluding Those in the Collected Works

1969, 5. 1600 words. Review of the Italian trans. Argues that Frye’s method inevitably becomes involved with the model of literary myth and ritual that his criticism begins with. Sees the method as too exclusive and not altogether different from the deductive approaches Frye dismisses as remnants of nineteenth-century determinism. Chvojka, Erwin. Neue Weg [Vienna] 222 (1967). Brief notice of the German trans. Clapp, Edwin R. Western Humanities Review 13 (Winter 1959): 109–12. 2150 words. Contrasts Anatomy of Criticism with Wimsatt and Brooks’s Literary Criticism: A Short History. Finds Frye’s “inexhaustible schematism” to be esoteric and arbitrary, though his illustrations are ingenious and fertile and his insights authentic. Still, wishes his argument were less dense. Corke, Hillary. “Sweeping the Interpreter’s House.” Encounter 10 (February 1958): 79–82. 1500 words. Daiches, David. Modern Philology 56 (August 1958): 69–72. 2360 words. Gives a fairly detailed overview of Frye’s approach and “habit of mind” and summarizes the central principles of the book’s four essays. Finds the book to be brilliant because of its originality, learning, and wit, and provocative because of its “challenge to all modern ways of thinking about criticism.” Judges Frye’s method to be inevitably reductive but Anatomy of Criticism “is the rare kind of book that the reader must come to terms with, even if it takes him the rest of his life.” Demetz, Peter. “Heilsam durch milde Gifte: Zu Northrop Fryes Kritischer Poetik” [Healing through Mild Poisons: To Northrop Frye’s Critical Poetics]. Die Zeit, 18 ­September 1964, 7. 1500 words. Review of the German trans. Contrasts Frye’s concerns with those of German criticism, where the emphasis is upon the Hegelianism of Adorno and Lukács, existentialism, and the non-formal concerns of Staiger. Calls Frye a “Romantic” theorist: he says that everything is potentially identical with everything else, and herein lies the danger of his criticism becoming borderless. Even more problematic are Frye’s views on value judgments. Still, his book contains some powerful correctives for German criticism and his phenomenology of comedy is unsurpassed for the insights it provides. Dorsch, T.S. Year’s Work in English Studies 37 (1960): 12. 350 words. Chiefly a summary of the book’s content. Douglas, Wallace. College English 19 (March 1958): 279– 80. 600 words. Looks primarily at Frye’s assumptions about criticism set down in the “Polemical Introduction.” Is puzzled by Frye’s analysis of literary quality and

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says that the archetypal approach seems to yield only “reductive generalities.” Forst, Graham. “Humanism Betrayed.” Canadian Literature 178 (Autumn 2003): 129–30. Rev. of 2000 impression with foreword by Harold Bloom. Friedman, Melvin J. Books Abroad 32 (Autumn 1958): 451–2. 350 words. Says that Frye’s method is like Arnold’s in that it wanders freely about its subject. Applauds Frye’s effort to raise literary criticism to a structure of thought in its own right and to clarify the subject of genre. Frise, Dr. “Kulturelles Wort” [Cultural Word]. Broadcast on Hessischer Rundfunk [Frankfurt] on 10 February 1965. 7-p. typescript. 550 words. Rev. of the German trans. Argues that Frye’s strength is not in his scientism but in his comparative experiments. Worries, however, that Anatomy of Criticism has little to do with history and society. Globe and Mail (14 April 2001): D16. Review of the paperback reissue. Gorlier, Claudio. “I formalisti” [The Formalists]. Corriere della Sera (10 August 1969). Rev. of the Italian trans. Grenzmann, Wilhelm. “Der Zustand der Literaturkritik” [The State of Literary Criticism]. Echo der Zeit [Recklinghausen] (18 April 1969). 1400 words. Rev. of the German trans. Sees Frye’s book as helping to cure the poor health of literary criticism by leading literary scholarship one step further. Says that his method is unparalleled in Germany or anywhere else in Europe. Summarizes the basic arguments of the four chapters in the book. Claims that Anatomy of Criticism “will be seen in America as one of the greatest literary accomplishments in recent years.” Hallie, Philip. “The Master Builder.” Partisan Review 31 (Fall 1964): 650–1. 2600 words. Examines primarily the system in Anatomy of Criticism, which is found to be “made up of impenetrable paradox, profound incoherence, and a bold but ultimately arbitrary disregard for the facts of literary experience.” Hamilton, Patricia W. English Journal 72, no. 2 (1983): 91–2. Herman-Sekulič, Maja. “Jedno dugo iščkivanje” [One Long Wait]. Kultura [Belgrade] 45–6 (1979): 271–4. 1280 words. Rev. of the Serbo-Croatian trans. Provides a synoptic overview of the attempts on the part of the contemporary critics to “place” Frye within the context of Western literary thought. What emerges is that Frye’s critical approach subsumes and transcends all

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the existing theories, while it creates its own unique system—a system that is often dismissed as too closed or intellectually claustrophobic. Points out, however, the open-endedness of Frye’s desire to escape the narrow confines of the contemporary critical tendencies, mainly those of the New Critics. Welcomes “the long awaited” translation of Anatomy of Criticism into Croatian. Apart from the few minor semantic objections, praises the translation for its accuracy and aesthetic quality. Hochmuth, Marie. Quarterly Journal of Speech 43 (October 1957): 312–14 [313]. 700 words. Looks chiefly at Frye’s conception of rhetorical criticism. Finds his treatment of rhetoric is “fairly innocent” of the rich store of classical rhetoric theory and that his terminology lacks precision. Hugelmann, Hans. Die Neue Bücherei [Munich], February 1965. Brief rev. of the German trans. Isoya, Takashi. Nihon dokusho shimbun [Japan Review of Books] (28 July 1980). Rev. of the Japanese trans. In Japanese. Jofre, M. Revista chilena de literatura 72: 261–8. K., P. Slovenské Diradlo 2 (1968). 800 words. Rev. of the German trans. In Czech. Places Frye’s work alongside that of critics such as Ingarden and Staiger, who have used the methods of other disciplines. Just as Ingarden has used Husserl’s phenomenology and Staiger has used Heidegger’s existential ontology, so Frye’s work is connected with psychology, mythology, and anthropology. Says that the positive aspect of Frye’s method is in its effort to renew the severed connections between creativity and knowledge, art and science, myth and concept, and to build a system of criticism based upon the historical integration of mythological, scientific, and philosophical thought. Judges Frye’s model to be an important one, similar in scope to the models of Ermatiger, Petsch, Lukács, Kayser, and Staiger. Ka. Marburger Blätter 99 (1965). 120 words. Brief rev. of the German trans. Karita, Motoshi. Eibungaku kenkyu [Studies in English Literature] 35, no. (1958): 121–5. Rev. of the English edition. In Japanese. Examines Frye’s distinction between novel and romance. Thinks that one cannot separate literature and life as simply as Frye does. Kattan, Naim. “Enfin en francçais, “L’Anatomie de la critique” [Finally in French: Anatomy of Criticism]. Le Devoir (21 March 1970): 16. 1450 words. Rev. of the French trans. Chiefly a summary of Frye’s principles. Reacts against Frye’s systematizing of literature, the power of which is said to reside in its paradoxes and its relation to life.

Kawasaki, Toshihiko. Eigo seinen [The Rising Generation] 126 (December 1980): 35. Rev. of the Japanese trans. In Japanese. Kermode, Frank. Review of English Studies 10 (August 1959): 317–23. Rpt. in Puzzles and Epiphanies: Essays and Reviews, 1958–1961. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1962. 64–73; partially rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism, vol. 24, ed. Sharon R. Gunton. Detroit: Gale Research, 1983. 208–9. 3500 words. Judges Anatomy of Criticism to be an extraordinary book and predicts for it a long life because of its style and the great intelligence lying behind it. But it does “fall short of greatness in its kind” because it will not affect the development of literature itself and because it does not convey the “personal presence of any of the thousands of works discussed.” Outlines the principles of the “Polemical Introduction” and gives a detailed summary of each of the book’s four essays. Argues that Anatomy of Criticism embodies a “Symbolist” doctrine: it emphasizes the autonomy of verbal structures and the importance of literal meaning, it sees literary form as spatial, it is based on an organic primitivism, it always points downward to pre-conscious ritual, and it is fascinated with ornamental design. Refers to the book “as a work of criticism that has turned into literature, for it is centripetal, autonomous and ethical without being useful.” Kochan, Detlef C. Mitteilungen des Deutschen Germanisten-Verbandes 4 (December 1965). 310 words. Rev. of the German trans. Finds that the book is difficult at the beginning but that it rounds itself out into a unified whole. “A stimulating yet at the same time a problematic book.” Konrad, Gustav. Welt and Wort [Munich] 5 (1965). 320 words. Rev. of the German trans. Speaks of Frye’s general theoretical method. Observes that his chief aim is “to break down the partitions between critical approaches.” Kumar, Anita S. Osmania Journal of English Studies 3 (1963): 83–5. 500 words. Sees Frye as a syncretist, who, like no other contemporary critic, “has tried to rehabilitate literary criticism as an independent “activity,” related intimately to larger human perspectives. Thinks Frye’s work is unlike that of the abstract myth critics (e.g., Richard Chase) in that Anatomy of Criticism is “concretely practical.” Finds that the theory of genres is the weakest part of the book because it occasionally lapses into generalizations and question-begging. Laszlo, Barlay. Helikon [Budapest] 4 (1966). 1200 words. Rev. of the German trans. In Romanian. Says that it is unfortunate that Frye limits his inquiry mostly to

Reviews of Frye’s Books, Excluding Those in the Collected Works

Anglo-American literature. Believes Frye has a carefully disguised connection with the logical positivism of Carnap, Wittgenstein, and Morris. Struggles primarily to understand Frye’s position on the social function of literature, which is said to be generally weak. Remarks that Frye’s view on archetypes is stimulating, even though it squeezes “the living reality of literature” into arbitrary categories. Thinks Frye pays too little attention to modern literature and avoids the issue of the development of new archetypes. Observes that for Marxists, Frye’s important contribution is that he does not lose sight of the social content of literature. McDowell, Frederick P.W. “After the New Criticism.” Western Review 22 (Summer 1958): 309–14. 2900 words. Believes that Anatomy of Criticism “may become as seminal for the next decade as the pronouncements of Eliot, Pound, and Richards were for the 1920s and 1930s, and the Brooks and Warren textbooks and Ransom’s The New Criticism for the 1930 s and 1940s.” Gives an overview of each of the book’s four essays, and comments especially on Frye’s theory of symbols in order to illustrate the provocative quality of his discourse as well as its defects. Believes that Frye is sometimes over-ingenious in his categorizing and that literature has a broader foundation than the symbolic one Frye proposes. In “general purport,” however, Frye’s ideas are tenable. Cites as especially important Frye’s theory of prose fiction, his views on aestheticism versus moralism in art, his understanding of the relation between music and literature, and his theory of tragedy. Anatomy of Criticism is “destined . . . to become a book constantly referred to.” It is “of permanent value to the critic and to the student of literature.” Mandel, E.W. “Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism.” Canadian Forum 38 (September 1958): 128–9. 2200 words. Maintains that Anatomy of Criticism is primarily a defence or justification of criticism as a systematic and coherent body of knowledge and that two central themes run throughout the book: “The centrality of the arts in civilization” and the conventionality or “formality” of art. Sees Anatomy of Criticism as a work of “utmost importance” for a period in which there is resistance to teaching criticism as a civilizing art; it is a seminal work because of its insistence that there can be a body of intelligible knowledge derived from the form of literature. Marin, Antonio Gómez. “Northrop Frye: ‘Anatomía de la Crítica.’” Triunfo 32 (3 December 1977): 56. 1040 words. Rev. of the Spanish trans. Summarizes Frye’s central theses. Says that “the assertion of Frye consists above all in convincing us by a long metaphysical detour that the sociological foundation of criticism is nothing but

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an ideological trap that hides the designs of change and innovation.” Criticizes Frye’s conception of the liberal arts because it rules out materialist and sociological thought. Matamoro, Blas. “Anatomía de la crítica.” Cuadernos Hispanoamericanos 347 (May 1979): 486–91. Rev. of the Spanish trans. Me. Allgemeine Deutsche Lehrerzeitung [Frankfurt] 11 (1 December 1964). Brief rev. of the German trans. Mercier, Guy. “Esquisse d’une théorie de la substitution: Essai géographique sur la mythologie, l’échange et la propriété” [Sketch of a Theory of Substitution: Geographical Essay on Mythology, Exchange and Property]. Cahiers de géographie du Québec 49 no. 136 (April 2005): 63–89. An analysis of the concept of value in Frye’s work. For Frye mythology, as the matrix of meaning, structures both time and space. But this structuring is not simply due to the myth itself, but also to a geographical condition Mercier, Vivian. “A Synoptic View of Criticism.” Commonweal 66 (20 September 1957): 618–19. 1100 words. Looks primarily at the principal topics in each of the book’s four essays. Anatomy of Criticism is “overpowering in the originality of its main concepts, and dazzling in the brilliance of its applications of them. Here is a book fundamental enough to be entitled Principia Critica.” Minnesota Review (Fall 1994): 131. Muntean, George. Revista de istorie si teorie literarǎ 22, no. 3 (1973): 484–6. 1200 words. Rev. of the Romanian trans. Gives a brief account of Frye’s career and places his work in the context of the theories of Jung, Bodkin, Fergusson, and Wheelwright. Summarizes the principles underlying Frye’s approach, and comments on the trans. Niedermayer, F. “Gericht über die Richter: Klassiker and Theoretiker der literarischen Kritik.” Deutsche Tagespost [Würzburg] 11–12 February 1966. 110 words. Rev. of the German trans. Brief remarks on Anatomy of Criticism as a revolutionary book and on Frye as participating in the New Critical movement in the United States. Pintarić, Jadranka. “Autonoman jezik knjizenosti” [An Autonomous Language of Literature]. Vjesnik 17 sijeènja (2001): 1. Rev. of the Serbo-Croatian trans. Praz, Mario. “Humor nero e grigiorosa” [Black and Gray Humor]. Il Tempo (10 December 1972). Rev. of the 2nd ed. of the Italian trans. Pritchard, J.P. “Critical Art Is Analyzed.” Oklahoman (22 September 1957). 160 words. Comments briefly on Frye’s purpose. Frye “considerably clarifies the roily current of contemporary literary criticism.”

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Raditsa, Leo F. “Anatomy of Criticism.” The Griffin 6 (August 1957): 18–23. 1900 words. Discusses the inclusive perspective that enables Frye to get beyond prejudice and view literature as a totality. Shows how Frye’s critical system is self-referential. Discovers the roots of the ideas in Anatomy of Criticism in Frye’s study of Blake. Observes that the principles of theme and narrative are elaborated throughout the book. Maintains that Anatomy of Criticism demonstrates how the art of criticism arrives at “a world beyond the anxious projections of prejudice and class.” “One cannot express the riches of [its] pages.” Reilly, John J. “The Long View: Anatomy of Criticism” (12 June 2017). http://pages.prodigy.net/aesir/aoc.htm. Rev. of the 1990 reprint. “A review of this book really should not be a text. It should be a diagram of a landscape, like a medieval mappa mundi, or maybe like one of those intricate cosmological charts that brilliant schizophrenics sometimes produce. The subject is the whole of literature, a continent whose shores are the boundary between imagination and experience, and whose countries are marked by the undefended frontiers between comedy, tragedy, masque, romance, the novel, the lyric, and every form and type of recorded use of imaginative language. The book was written just before the rise of postmodernism, at almost the last moment when a serious critical study could aspire to tell readers how the whole world is, rather than how it isn’t. The book is dense, therefore, but it is not malicious.” Rigoni, Andrea. “Anatomia della critica letteraria.” L’Osservatore Romano (16 May 1970). Rev. of the Italian trans. –  “Morte o vita del romanzo” [Death or Life of the Novel]. L’Osservatore Romano (10 June 1971). Rev. of the Italian trans. Sackton, Alexander. Criticism 1 (Winter 1959): 72–5. 1200 words. Gives a concise account of Frye’s aims, methods, and central ideas. Sees the book’s strengths as inseparable from its weaknesses: the breadth of Frye’s enterprise and his expansive classifications mean that he can pay little attention to particular literary works and to the reading experience. Remarks also that Frye’s emphasis on archetypal criticism may indicate that Frye wants to avoid the issue of contemporary taste. Saeki, Shoichi. Shukan dokushojin [The Bookmen’s Weekly] 1346 (8 September 1980). Rev. of the Japanese trans. In Japanese. Saltini, Vittorio. “La critica vista al microscopio” [Criticism Seen through a Microscope]. L’Espresso (25 January 1970). Rev. of the Italian trans. Šebek, Josef. “Fryeův dialog s literaturou: Vyšel dlouho očekávaný překlad knihy Northropa Fryea

Anatomie kritiky” [Frye’s Dialogue with Literature. A Long-Awaited Translation of Northrop Frye’s Book Anatomy of Criticism Has Been Published]. Lidové noviny 17, no. 113 (2004): 14. Rev. of the Czech trans. Shimada, Taro. The Yomiuri, 28 July 1980. Book review section. Rev. of the Japanese trans. In Japanese. St, G. Schleswiger Nachrichten (6 March 1965). Rev. of the German trans. Sees the book as “a revolutionary contribution for breaking down critical ideologies.” Stobie, Margaret. “Mr. Fry[e] Stands Well Back.” Winnipeg Free Press (26 July 1958): 43. 960 words. Finds herself disagreeing with much of the book, including Frye’s position on value judgments, his dependence on Frazer and Jung in organizing his materials, and his position on the potential identity of everything in the literary universe. Says that the book lacks a “principle of proportion” and that he has made his position neither convincing nor clear. Sutton, Walter. Symposium 12 (Spring–Fall 1958): 211–15. 1850 words. Provides a succinct summary of the four essays. Says that Frye sometimes forces his theories beyond the evidence and that his terminology is often slippery. Still, Frye “presents a remarkably developed and coherent discussion which is impressive in its comprehensiveness, its wealth of critical insights, and its treatment of the literary work as a verbal complex of manifold meaning.” Takahashi, Yasunari. “Towards a Regeneration of Criticism.” Hon to hihyo [The Editors’ Monthly] 71 (September 1980): 12–18. Rev. of the Japanese trans. In Japanese. Takamatsu, Yuichi. Asahi Journal 21 (8 August 1980): 65–6. Rev. of the Japanese trans. In Japanese. Takayanagi, Shunichi. Sophia 7 (1958): 97–101. Rpt. in Takayanagi’s Seishinshi no naka no Eibungaku [English Literature in the Context of Intellectual History]. Tokyo: Nansosha, 1977. 170–4. In Japanese. Calls attention to Frye’s effort to establish a scientific criticism and to his structuralist approach, emphasizes the importance of the anagogic level of meaning, and concludes that literary criticism should vigorously pursue the problem of existence. Times Literary Supplement (19 October 1990): 1137. Terzakis, Fotis. Itinerant 35 (December 2002): 455–62. Rev. of the Greek trans. In Greek. Tischner, Łukasz. Znak (Kraków) 4 (2000): 114–22. Rev. of the Polish trans. Unami, Akira. Tosho shimbun [The Book Weekly] (30 August 1980). Rev. of the Japanese trans. In Japanese.

Reviews of Frye’s Books, Excluding Those in the Collected Works

Vance, Thomas. “The Juggler.” Nation 188 (17 January 1959): 57–8. 900 words. Sees the wit and learning in Anatomy of Criticism as related to the ironic tradition of Rabelais, Swift, Sterne, and Joyce, and to the more serious tradition of Dante, Spenser, Milton, and Blake. Believes Frye’s “originality lies in his largeness of perspective.” The book is sometimes extravagant, but its value outweighs Frye’s elaborate flights. When Frye “seems to be splitting hairs, he is sometimes actually splitting atoms, and releasing a new measure of imaginative energy.” Vladanović, Matko. “Northrop Frye: Anatomija kritike.” StudentNet +5 (20 January 2007). http://www.studentnet.hr/knjige/show/2104/. Rev. of the Croatian trans. Warren, Fabian. “Dichtung literarisch betrachtet” [Literary View]. Oberösterreichische Nachrichten [Linz] (12 September 1964). Brief notice about the German trans. Whalley, George. “Fry[e]’s Anatomy of Criticism.” Tamarack Review 8 (Summer 1958): 92–8, 100–1. 3550 words. Provides a succinct summary of the book’s four essays. Finds “continuous evidence of sustained and original thinking, of fine perception, and controlled insight.” Believes that the strength of Anatomy of Criticism is in its views on a wide range of writing and its taxonomic schema. Has doubts, however, about its usefulness as a poetics because of its conceptions of language, mimesis, and value judgments, and because its views on desire and repugnance are based on a “psychological determinism [that] . . . fails to give an adequate account of anagogic myth as we encounter it in literature.” Also says that Frye too often seeks refuge in irony. –  Modern Language Review 54 (January 1959): 107–9. A shorter version of the previous entry. Wunderli-Vallai, Erika. “Northrop Frye: A kritika anatómiája: recenzió.” https://www.academia.edu /20417585/Northrop_Frye_A_kritika_anat%C3%B3mi %C3%A1ja_-_recenzi%C3%B3. Rev. of the Hungarian trans. Wutz, H. Stimmen der Zeit [Munich] 4 (1966). 640 words. Rev. of the German trans. Comments on Frye’s synoptic and speculative approach. “With sharp insights and a versatile intelligence, Frye circles around the phenomenon of literature like a detective,” yet Frye’s vision is not defined well enough and his examples are of little help to German readers. 2. A Biblia Igézetében: Esszé, prédikáció, interjú. Budapest: Hermeneutikai Kutatóközpon, 1995 Dukkon, Ágnes. Credo Evangélikus Műhely nos. 1–2 (1995).

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3. Biblical and Classical Myths: The Mythological Framework of Western Culture. Toronto: University of ­Toronto Press, 2004 Bittarello, Maria Beatrice. Literature & Theology 20, no. 4 (December 2006): 485–7. 1080 words. “Frye’s text is a good illustration of Clifford Geertz’s famous definition of religions as ‘symbolic systems’—systems that, as the book shows, permeate all aspects of human culture, first and foremost literature and art. A second reason is that, being the transcription of lecture tapes, the text gives the reader a flavour of the brilliance of Frye’s lecturing style, combining high level scholarship with incisive wittiness—which makes reading the text a truly enjoyable experience. Frye’s remarkable scholarship is supported by a thoroughly interdisciplinary approach, as it emerges from a closer analysis of the twenty-four lectures.” Gerry, Thomas M.F. Canadian Book Review Annual (2005): 97–8. Laberge, Léo. Theoforum 36, no. 2 (2005): 220–2. Kirchhoff, H.J. Globe and Mail (13 November 2004): D21. Reference & Research Book News 20, no. 1 (February 2005): 247. 4. The Bush Garden: Essays on the Canadian Imagination. Toronto: Anansi, 1971 Adams, Rick. “Northrop Frye: Essays on the Canadian Imagination.” It Needs to Be Said 1, no. 1 (February 1974): 2. 1000 words. Argues that Frye uses his doctrine of literary form to dismiss the works of poets he dislikes and to protect his theory from poetry that challenges the autonomy of literature. Says Frye has contributed to our understanding of the relationship of myth to literature but worries that his mythical heroes are Spenser, Blake, and Milton rather than the creators of a new mythology of social realism: Marx, Freud, Toynbee, Einstein, and Lawrence. Anonymous. Association for Canadian Studies in the United States Newsletter 2 (Spring 1972): 100. Brief notice. –  Quill & Quire 37 (19 March 1971): 8. Brief notice of publication. Aspinall, Dawn. “New Books, 1971.” Canadian Dimension 8 (January 1972): 55. Brief notice. Barbour, Douglas. “Canada and Its Culture.” Edmonton Journal (7 May 1971): 66. 530 words. Says the book is refreshing because it eschews theory in favour of practical criticism and because of its “free and generous

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response” to Canadian poetry. “What may surprise many readers is the sureness of Frye’s taste when he is dealing with contemporary works.” Buitenhuis, Peter. “Visions in Mythic Second Sight.” Globe Magazine [Toronto] (3 April 1971): 15. 800 words. Points especially to Frye’s treatment of the mixture of the primitive and the civilized, which constitutes so much of Canadian literature. Observes that Frye’s emphasis upon detachment, form, and organization may suggest why there are no Canadian masterpieces: a colonial culture acts to repress passion and engagement. Believes the strength of The Bush Garden lies in Frye’s “delineating the moral landscape in which the Canadian artist has worked up to now.” Colombo, John Robert. “Polished Performance by a Canadian Essayist.” Toronto Star (Book Section) (20 May 1971): 65. 800 words. Judges the book to be a perceptive account of the Canadian poetic imagination. Notes that Frye says little about Canadian fiction and non-fiction and that he discusses Canadian poetry mainly in terms of the Canadian environment rather than in terms of other literature. Frye “resembles nobody so much as a poetic Midas—everything he touches turns to metaphor.” Conran, Brandon. “A Bountiful Choice of Critics.” Literary Half-Yearly 13 (July 1972): 44–55 [54–5]. Brief notice. Davies, Bryn. Wascana Review 6, no. 2 (1972): 76–8. 1350 words. Questions whether or not Frye’s mythopoeic conception of literature is adequate to account for Canadian poetry. Believes Frye’s separation of poets into those who write out of experience and those who add a mythical dimension is an abstract separation that straitjackets the variety of Canadian poetry. Contrasts Canadian and Australian poetry to illustrate that the Australian writers have created a satisfying mythology out of their own experience of isolation—unlike what Canadian poets, according to Frye, have done. Believes that Canadian poets create and communicate their own mythology rather than trying to resurrect an old one. Dobbs, Kildare. Typed transcript of review on “CBC Anthology” (7 April 1971): 5 pp. 1850 words. Comments especially on Frye’s poetry reviews written for the University of Toronto Quarterly during the 1950s. Frye’s running engagement with the poetry of Irving Layton is an example of “perhaps the most extraordinary thing” about The Bush Garden—“an existential record of the response over ten formative years of a great critic to a poet with the promise of greatness in him.” Glances at Frye’s views on the question of Canadian identity. Distinguishes between the theoretical orientation of Anatomy of Criticism and the practical orientation of

The Bush Garden. The recorded version of this transcript is in the CBC Radio Archives, Toronto. CBC reference no. 740410. Downes, G.V. Malahat Review 22 (April 1972): 123–5. 150 words. Comments briefly on Frye’s “perceptive, fresh, and witty” reviews of Canadian poetry in the 1950s. Dragland, S.L. Queen’s Quarterly 79 (Summer 1972): 264–5. 1000 words. Sees the “sureness” in Frye’s account of Canadian literature as resulting from his wide knowledge and from his assimilating that knowledge into a broad framework of myth. Glances briefly at the chief topics Frye treats in this collection. Dudek, Louis. “The Misuses of Imagination: A Rib-Roasting of Some Recent Canadian Critics.” Tamarack Review 60 (October 1973): 51–67 [51–7]. 2560 words. Analyses Frye’s essays on Canadian literature vis-a-vis his critical theory, especially his ideas on literary evaluation. Looks particularly at Frye’s judgments about the work of Irving Layton, Jay Macpherson, and Raymond Souster. Concludes by noting “that the perceptions and evaluations in these essays are of the kind predictably implicit in the theory of myths.” Elder, Bruce. “Apostle of Genius.” Literary Review of Canada 5, no. 2 (February 1996): 8–11. Rev. of the 1995 ed. –  “Myth and the Cinematic Effect in Harley Parker and Marshall McLuhan.” Amodern (December 2015). http:// amodern.net/article/myth/. “There is a strain of Canadian thought dedicated to developing a new poetics of space and time; . . . its particular virtue arises from an unusual ability to plumb the depths of mythic consciousness. This ability, I have no doubt, arises in part out of the Europeans’ encounter with a primal landscape and with original peoples, whose difference created an openness among the European settlers and their successors to forms of thinking not dominated by calculative reason. But this interest in mythic consciousness, I contend, is also connected to the rise of the cinema: the interest that Canadian communications theorists Eric Havelock, Marshall McLuhan, Harley Parker, and Northrop Frye have had in the form of consciousness represented in myth can be related to their era’s engagement with cinema.” Gibson, Dorothy. “Canadian Imagination as Our Poets, Painters See It.” Financial Post (25 September 1971): 40. 350 words. Comments on Frye’s treatment of the themes of man versus nature and city versus country as the backdrop against which Canadian poetry is written. Gross, Konrad. Die Neueren Sprachen 73 (August 1974): 371–2. 450 words. Sees the relevance of the volume as lying in Frye’s importance as a critic, not in what

Reviews of Frye’s Books, Excluding Those in the Collected Works

he says about Canadian literature. Observes that Frye pays more attention to the lyric than to other genres. Thinks his “Conclusion” to the Literary History of Canada is the most substantial essay in the book. Says that even though Frye’s categorizing may sometimes seem mechanical, it has helped collapse the distance between taxonomy and evaluation. James, Geoffrey. “Probing the Garrison.” Time [Canadian edition] (26 April 1971): 10. 750 words. Singles out for comment Frye’s tendency not to rank Canadian writers and his views on those things that hamper the development of a Canadian literary tradition: the psychological and physical threats in the Canadian environment that produce the “garrison mentality.” Kattan, Naïm. “Northrop Frye et la littérature canadienne.” Le Devoir (21 August 1971): 13. 1000 words. Gives a summary account of Frye’s reviews of Canadian poetry and the theory of Canadian literature he develops in his “Conclusion” to the Literary History of Canada. Says that because of his wide perspective, Frye tends sometimes to make judgments a little too quickly about the relationship between English- and French-Canadian culture. McPherson, David. “The Canadian Imagination.” Toronto: Canadian Broadcasting Corp. CBC Audiotape no. 650. Frye responds to a series of questions about his views on Canadian literature in The Bush Garden. Talks about, among other things, the reason for the relatively small number of good Canadian novelists, the absence of a myth of the West in Canadian writing, the didactic strain and “garrison mentality” in Canadian letters, and the similarity between the geographical and historical situation of Canada and Scandinavia, which accounts for Canada’s rather meagre literary output and the destructive themes in its writing. Morley, Patricia. “Canada’s Quest for the Peaceable Kingdom.” Ottawa Journal (17 April 1971): 44. 550 words. Remarks that for Frye the distinctive feature of the Canadian tradition is “a search for the reconciliation of man with man and of man with nature.” Notes the distinction Frye makes between unity, a political matter, and identity, a cultural and imaginative matter. Ross, Malcolm. “Northrop Frye.” University of Toronto Quarterly 41 (Winter 1972): 170–3, [172–3]. 600 words. Sees the “perceptive and lively critiques” in Frye’s poetry reviews as the most important feature of the pieces collected in The Bush Garden, for in these reviews Frye makes value judgments. Thinks that Frye’s own myth of the “garrison mentality” is as “usable and perishable” as the myth of the American frontier. Wishes Frye’s theory of criticism (as distinct from his book reviewing) would

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make room for value judgments, for Frye “has done more than any man now living to advance and ennoble the cause of humane studies in our time.” Stevens, Peter. “Frye-ing Canadian Culture.” Windsor Star (5 June 1971): 14. 650 words. Judges the book to be an “intelligent, perceptive, and provocative analysis of the quality of the Canadian imagination,” but thinks that Frye pays too little attention to recent developments in Canadian literature and that he is unsympathetic to popular culture. Texmo, Dell. “Frye’s Insights Go beyond Canada’s Space and Cold.” London Free Press [Ontario] (17 April 1971): M7. 900 words. Notes primarily what Frye praises and blames in his reviews of Canadian poetry. Wahl, C. “Alternate Selection.” Canadian Reader 12, no. 3 (22 March 1971): 5–6. 850 words. Believes The Bush Garden “shows the maturing of both Canadian literature and its most important critic.” Summarizes the thematic trends Frye discovers in Canadian culture and mythology. Weaver, Robert. “Canadian Intellectuals? Well, Besides McLuhan There’s Northrop Frye.” Maclean’s 84 (April 1971): 86, 88. 1000 words. After opening with a biographical sketch, examines the contribution Frye made to understanding Canadian poetry in his fugitive reviews for the University of Toronto Quarterly. Refers to Frye’s “Conclusion” to the Literary History of Canada as “a stunning piece of work, so well written, so well informed, and so broad in its sympathies and commitments.” Woodcock, George. “Criticism and Other Arts.” Canadian Literature 49 (Summer 1971): 3–7. 1050 words. A slightly revised version of “Northrop Frye Myth Dispelled” (see next entry). –  “Northrop Frye Myth Dispelled: The Genial Public Critic.” Victoria Daily Times (29 May 1971): 10. 1050 words. Distinguishes between Frye’s academic criticism and his public criticism, of which The Bush Garden is an example. The public critic is a person of taste who evaluates literature and shows how it is absorbed into society. In The Bush Garden, “Frye shows himself as good a field critic as he is a theoretical one.” 5. Creation and Recreation. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1980 For reviews of the Collected Works edition, vol. 4, see section 7. Anonymous. Christian Century 98 (April 22, 1981): 458. Brief notice.

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–  Malahat Review 58 (April 1981): 136. Brief notice. Brown, Daniel A. Horizons [Villanova University] 8 (Fall 1981): 433–4. 450 words. Notes the similarities between Frye’s view of creation and those of H. Richard Niebuhr and Gregory Baum. Cahill, P. Joseph. Studies in Religion/Sciences religieuses 10 (1981): 235–6. 600 words. Gives a brief summary of Frye’s thesis about creation and recreation, which places the reader in a central hermeneutical role. Says that Frye “in a paragraph can throw more light on the Christian Bible than one usually finds in several issues of technical journals.” Drew, Philip. Modern Language Review 78 (October 1983): 880–1. 700 words. Comments chiefly on the paradoxes in Frye’s arguments about myths of creation. Thinks Frye is “most helpful when he is writing straightforwardly about literature, most evasive when he is writing oracularly about mythologies.” Sees this book as an isthmus connecting Anatomy of Criticism with Frye’s large critical project on the Bible. G., J.W. “Word and Spirit—Beyond Professed Belief.” Prairie Messenger [Saskatchewan] (1 March 1981): 300 words. Gives a brief summary of Frye’s ideas on professed belief versus charity and action, and on the mythologies of creation.

finally that Creation and Recreation is really autobiographical dogma. McCombie, Frank. Notes & Queries 29 (June 1982): 282. 600 words. Believes that Blake serves Frye’s purposes too neatly, that the message of the book has been tailored to fit the medium of the lecture, that Frye’s “view of the problems of biblical theology [are] a great deal too simple for the needs of the study Professor Frye projects,” and that Frye’s conclusion is not much more than “a plea for the syncretic approach to ecumenism and— almost by the way—to literature.” Mellard, James M. Modern Fiction Studies 27 (Summer 1981): 392. 420 words. Summarizes the three essays of the book, the last of which shows that Frye encompasses “the current passion for ‘reader response’ criticism.” Observes that the book is hortative and sermonic. Miller, Peter. “Creating Past and Future.” Whig–Standard Magazine [Kingston, ON] (21 February 1981): 18. 570 words. A brief summary of Frye’s central thesis about creation myths. Creation and Recreation “transcends literary criticism per se and will be of interest to all readers with any interest whatever in philosophical problems.”

Hair, Donald. “Begin at the Beginning.” Brick 11 (Winter 1981): 38–9. Compares Frye’s understanding of creation, in which human beings become the transformers and shapers of all things, to that of contemporary physics, which has undermined the Newtonian view of creation.

Ross, Malcolm. University of Toronto Quarterly 50 (Summer 1981): 95–7. 1100 words. Summarizes Frye’s central thesis about creation mythology. Understands Frye’s quest as “a quest for pure act, nameless, beyond personality, beyond and before the tentative transience of myth.” It is an aspect of a religious quest. Frye’s effort is, however, hampered by his “repression, or dismissal, or avoidance of the pertinent insights of Christian theology and the rapt knowledge of the mystics.”

Harris, Randy. “Creation and Recreation.” Our Books Atlantic 4, no. 1 (9 January 1981). 700 words. Says that Frye is self-indulgent and that Creation and Recreation is sloppily edited. Despite Frye’s self-conscious oracular pose, his saving grace is the wit with which he writes.

Spector, R.D. World Literature Today 56, no. 1 (Winter 1982): 190. 160 words. Notes that Frye applies “the latest theories of structuralism, deconstruction and reader-responsiveness” to argue about the relationship between myth and art.

Hornbeck, Paul. “Making Book on Fall ’80.” Quill & Quire 46 (July 1980): 10. Brief notice.

Stuewe, Paul. “Criticism.” Quill & Quire 46 (December 1980): 29. Praises Frye’s illuminating literary insights but is distracted by his unsupported philosophical generalizations and by the chatty tone of the lectures, which “does not translate well onto the printed page.”

Jeffrey, David. “Creation & Recreation.” Canadian Literature 91 (Winter 1981): 111–17. 3250 words. Complains throughout that in this book Frye “is not a particularly fruitful or reliable reader of texts.” Prefers C.S. Lewis’s view of creation to Frye’s. Says that in his commentary on the Bible Frye does not show “a very good grasp of his subject.” Dislikes Frye’s polemical approach to the biblical text. Sees him moving away from interpretation towards a position in which the critic is “competitor and ultimately successor to the artist.” Says Frye confounds myth and religion rather than connecting them. Thinks

Tolomeo, Diane. English Studies in Canada 8 (June 1982): 245–8. 1480 words. Thinks the book is a “frustrating disappointment.” Says Frye is somewhat self-indulgent, raises complex issues only to dismiss them quickly, and is irresponsible in a translation of Genesis 3:22–3. Believes that the second chapter “contains the most interesting and stimulating ideas in the book,” even though these ideas are not particularly new. Thinks the

Reviews of Frye’s Books, Excluding Those in the Collected Works

secular theology of the third chapter will be offensive to some readers. 6. The Critical Path: An Essay on the Social Context of Literary Criticism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1971 For reviews of the Collected Works edition, vol. 27, see section 7. Bromwich, David. “The Linear Canadian.” Nation 213 (20 September 1971): 247–8. 850 words. Believes that the two thrusts of the book—the first, a popular defence of culture, and the second, weighty speculations about the ontology of literature—sometimes get in each other’s way. Paraphrases Frye’s argument about the myths of freedom and concern. Comments on the price paid by Frye’s original, diagrammatic manner of thought: “clarity of outline is bought at the expense of detail.” Still, the virtues of the book are its “immense learning gracefully used, an excellent prose style, and the sanity of a good liberal without quotation marks.” Cargas, Harry. St. Louis Post-Dispatch (17 February 1972): 30. Brief note. Cushman, Keith. Library Journal 96 (15 May 1971): 1713. 175 words. Believes that Frye sometimes tries to fit everything too neatly into the framework of his myths of freedom and concern. “Nevertheless, the fact remains that Frye is the most provocative and important literary critic of the present day.” Davis, Robert Gorham. “The Problematic State of Literature.” New Leader 54 (17 May 1971): 7–8. 250 words. Sees The Critical Path as “a thorough-going attempt to redefine literature in the face of [the] threatened destruction within and without,” but thinks Frye’s effort is not very successful because of the loose way in which he defines myth. E[rdman], D[avid] V. English Language Notes 10, Supplement to no. 1 (September 1971): 12. Brief notice that points to “the spirit of Romantic vision,” which is everywhere in the book. Fulford, Robert. “It’s Enormously Liberating to Read Our Leading Essayist.” Toronto Star (24 December 1971): 33. 1200 words. Finds that the density of The Critical Path makes it difficult to paraphrase, but does see it as a kind of intellectual autobiography: it “details the ways [Frye] relates literature to life” and “describes Frye’s own growth in response to the ideas he has encountered.” Jayne, Edward. Kritikon Litterarum 1 (1972): 316–20. 2350 words. Sees the core of Frye’s argument as his struggle to connect myth with the reality principle. His answer is

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a critical path that avoids the excesses of both scepticism and dogmatism and that leads to a synthesis of freedom and concern. Believes Frye’s position is weakened by his paying too little attention to the reality principle. Thinks that Frye’s critique of Marxism is a critique of a straw man and that the neo-Marxist accounts of politics and culture are more adequate than Frye’s critical path when it comes to explaining the phenomena of modern life. Judges Frye’s book to be finally a reactionary work, “a defense of Burkean conservatism in [its] asking for the preservation of existing institutions to protect the freedom of both the artist and critic.” Kastan, David Scott. “The Triumph of Comedy.” TLS (17 February 1984): 161. 520 words. Finds Frye’s dialectical argument to be “an attractive expression of the romantic theory of imagination that seeks not to evade the world but to appropriate it, humanizing by its projections [of] the inhospitable and inhuman environment in which we live.” L[evin], H[arry]. Comparative Literature 24 (Winter 1972): 72–3. 820 words. Believes that the book’s “most original contributions lie in its obiter dicta, its unexpected linkages and discursive insights.” Points to Frye’s interest throughout in relating criticism to its historical and social substructure, and cites a number of illustrations of this interest. Frye’s book “reminds us that the best defense of poetry is a demonstration of its bearing on the other aspects of life.” Levine, George. “Our Culture and Our Convictions.” Partisan Review 39, no. 1 (1972): 63–79 [66–74]. 2050 words. Places The Critical Path in the context of other reconsiderations of the liberal tradition. Finds that Frye “transcendentalizes Arnold’s position”: he goes beyond Arnold’s disinterestedness to a kind of Platonic, visionary contemplation, one in which literature “becomes the one true church of the human skeptic.” This transcendentalizing of Arnold is what injures Frye’s position, “for it lacks a sense of the reality of human motives and activities.” Frye sees the price of liberalism and “is prepared to suffer the martyrdom of defending it,” even though the disinterested contemplation of the modern intellectual is a problematic position to defend. Lordi, Robert J. Steinbeck Quarterly 8 (Summer–Fall 1975): 110–12. 870 words. Summarizes the central themes in each of the book’s seven sections. Noel-Bentley, Peter C. “The Function of Criticism at the Present Time.” Journal of Canadian Fiction 1 (Summer 1972): 78–80. 2200 words. Shows how The Critical Path is a further stage in the development of Frye’s work. Sees the full implications of Frye’s argument emerging in his discussion of open and closed mythologies. Praises the

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book for bracing his spirits, enlarging his vision, and giving him strength as a teacher. Rudnick, Hans. Clio 2 (October 1972): 72–6. 1700 words. Summarizes Frye’s major themes and explicates the dialectical method he uses in arguing for a tension between the myths of freedom and concern. Points to Frye’s attacks on the humanists for their “submission to rhetoric, encyclopaedic learning, and aristocratic elitism.” Claims that Frye has “found a viable myth-related vocabulary that can capture the undercurrent meanings of literature which analytic language cannot name,” but is bothered by Frye’s having abandoned judgment and evaluation as part of the critic’s task. Spector, Robert. Books Abroad 46 (Spring 1972): 306. 370 words. Gives a brief account of Frye’s understanding of the function of the critic, and observes that the critical path, for Frye, leads to a balancing of the myths of freedom and concern. Whittaker, Ted. “Grammar of Identity.” Books in Canada 1 (November 1971): 30. 320 words. Observes that in Frye’s explication of the social function of the imagination all of the products of culture fit into his myths of freedom and concern. Yasushi, Ozaki. Rev.of the Japanese trans. by Doke Hiroichiro. English Literary Thought (1974): 75–7. In Japanese. Yayoi, Toyama. Japan Women’s University Studies in English and American Literature 8 (1973): 76–9. Rev. of the Japanese trans. by Doke Hiroichiro. In Japanese. 7. Divisions on a Ground: Essays on Canadian Culture. Ed. James Polk. Toronto: Anansi, 1982 Abeel, Daphne. “Stimulating Look across a Dotted Line.” Christian Science Monitor 74 (13 August 1982): B7. Brief review. Adachi, Ken. “His Playful Wit Enlivens Frye’s Swirling Ideas.” Toronto Star (26 June 1982): F10. 800 words. Reviews a selection of Frye’s ideas on Canadian culture and calls attention to Frye’s wit, eloquence, and inquiring intelligence. Anonymous. Canadian Studies 1983. Toronto: Canadian Book Publishers’ Council and Association of Canadian Publishers (1983): 14. Brief notice. –  Choice 20 (December 1982): 581. Brief notice. Bates, Ronald. “On the Value of Real Education.” London Free Press [Ontario] (5 February 1983): B9. 660 words. Sees Divisions on a Ground as an “excellent exemplification” of one of Frye’s central theses, that learning is a

lifelong process. Cites several of Frye’s warnings about university education becoming oriented towards productivity rather than possession. Beardsley, Doug. “Frye’s Fresh Insights into Canadian Culture.” Victoria Times Colonist [BC] (6 August 1983): C11. 1300 words. Points particularly to Frye’s views on the role of the writer in Canada, the cultural differences between Canada and the United States, the function of the university, and the effects of technology. Praises Frye’s clear and fluid style, and thinks the book deserves to reach a wide, popular audience. Brown, Russell. “Mythic Patterns.” Canadian Forum 62 (December–January 1982–3): 39. 1250 words. Observes that in the essays on Canadian literature in Divisions on a Ground, Frye primarily fills in the details of critical maps already charted. These essays differ, however, from Frye’s previous work in that he has a new estimate of the worth of Canadian literature, he looks more closely at its historical development, and he examines Canadian culture in a more detailed comparative context. Notes that Frye’s ideas on teaching and on the social context of literature cannot really be separated, and that Frye’s own unifying myth is that of the university as utopia. Burl, S.G. Arts Manitoba 2 (Winter 1983): 57–9. 1750 words. Says the book is “sprinkled with a good amount of wit, wisdom, insight, and information,” though it is “of interest mainly to devotees of [Frye’s] oeuvre.” Finds Frye’s essays on education to be “pleasantly journalistic” and his criticism of Canadian literature dependent upon a quite rigid methodology. Believes the chief failure in Frye’s critical enterprise to be his denigration of evaluation. Judges Frye’s “Conclusion” to the Literary History of Canada to be his most cogent exposition of Canadian literary matters. Cairns, A.T.J. Canadian Book Review Annual, 1982. Ed. Dean Tudor and Ann Tudor. Toronto: Simon & Pierre, 1983. 227–8. 390 words. Says Divisions on a Ground contradicts the view of Frye as a detached, ivory-tower intellectual. Praises the book for its “sheer readability” and observes that Frye’s mind is remarkably up to date. Cameron, Barry. “Frye Talking.” Canadian Literature 101 (Summer 1984): 113–14. 1200 words. Points to the conceptual motifs of the book and gives a brief summary of the argument of each essay. Sees the repetitiveness of Frye’s central themes as a rhetorical weakness. Believes there is a disparity between Frye’s general theory of literature and his pronouncements on Canadian literature: his role in both the creation and the study of Canadian literature has been relatively minor. Czarnecki, Mark. “Reflections of a Radical Tory.” Maclean’s 95 (21 June 1982): 49–50. 450 words. Finds that,

Reviews of Frye’s Books, Excluding Those in the Collected Works

politically, the combination of prophecy and wisdom in Frye produces “a classic specimen of the ‘Tory radical.’” Sees Frye’s caveat about withdrawing from nature to be “not a random whiff of bucolic romanticism . . . but the articulation of a passionately felt organic unity embracing ecological, economic and spiritual values.” These essays show that Frye “has long since abandoned the ivory tower of academe for that no man’s land between wisdom and prophecy where the visionary is king.” Davidson, Cathy N. American Review of Canadian Studies 12 (Fall 1982): 127–8. 830 words. Points to the personal touches in the book, which give glimpses of Frye the man and Frye the teacher; its practical thrust, and its optimistic tone—all of which reveal “not the brilliant theorist of archetypes in literature but Canada’s own archetypal Wise Old Man.” Delaney, Paul. “The Letter and the Spirit.” Saturday Night 97 (May 1982): 55–6 [56]. 450 words. Does not find Frye’s thoughts about Canadian culture adequate for the 1970s and 1980s. Canadian culture has moved beyond the themes Frye used to discuss it earlier in his career (the garrison mentality, the Calvinist fear of sensuality, the menace of the northern wilderness), and Frye gives few hints as to what would replace the themes he formerly developed. Dickason, Olive Patricia. Journal of Educational Thought 17 (April 1983): 65–6. 770 words. Comments primarily on the theme of national awareness raised in Frye’s essays. Says that Frye remains “intelligently optimistic” and “fresh in the midst of our national proclivity for tortured self-examination.” Evans, J.A.S. Affaires Universitaires (November 1982): 16. 225 words. Brief notice. Calls attention to one of the essays in Divisions on a Ground, “Teaching the Humanities Today.” Forst, Graham. World Literature Written in English 22 (1983): 293–6. 1600 words. Reviews the central themes in each of the book’s three sections. Sees Divisions on a Ground as quintessentially a “teaching book” and observes that the voice that runs throughout is “a Prospero voice that ‘abjures rough magic’ and sets the reader’s spirit free.” Garebian, Keith. “The Great Coda.” Books in Canada 11 (November 1982): 19–21. 1060 words. Summarizes Frye’s understanding of the growth of Canadian culture from colonial days to the present. “Paradoxically, by moving away from cultural nationalism, Frye becomes most acutely perceptive of “Canadian] national culture.” Calls attention to Frye’s epigrammatic wit and his broadly humanistic intent. Frye’s “intellectual virtues

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are moral ones: prudence, sympathy, idealism, patience, and, most of all, wisdom with charity.” Goldfarb, Sheldon. “Reflections on Canadian Culture.” Winnipeg Free Press (5 March 1983): 46. 630 words. Summarizes Frye’s arguments about the opposition in Canadian life between nature and culture. Points to the conservative and radical dialectic at work throughout the essays in Divisions on a Ground. Gould, Allan M. “Northrop Frye Work Lauded.” Standard Freeholder [Cornwall, ON] (19 March 1983). 530 words. Comments briefly on the wit and wisdom found in this collection of essays. Kane, Sean. University of Toronto Quarterly 52 (Summer 1983): 471–3. 1150 words. Observes that the metaphors of tension and interpenetration run throughout this collection. Notes Frye’s re-evaluation of his earlier accounts of the Canadian imagination, points to the similarity between Frye’s vision of continuity and expansion and that of Cassirer, comments on Frye’s “cautiously progressive and optimistic” tone, and alerts the reader to the “excesses in Frye’s defence of individual creativity.” “We could wish for no better interpreter of the charged gaps and spaces of our cultural memory.” Kreisel, Henry. “Touching the Cultural Pulse.” Edmonton Journal (11 July 1982): C5. 750 words. Comments primarily on Frye’s view of the foundations and development of Canadian culture. Frye’s strength is in “the nobility of his vision and his power to articulate it.” Marshall, Tom. “Our Cultural Conscience.” Whig–Standard Magazine [Kingston, ON] (25 September 1982): 20. 820 words. Concludes that Divisions on a Ground is “a valuable book for anyone who wishes to explore the social vision that complements Northrop Frye’s vision of literature.” Singles out for special comment Frye’s definition of the university and his essays on the state of the ecology. Morley, Patricia. “Vintage Northrop Frye: Worlds out of Words.” Quill & Quire 48 (May 1982): 35. 350 words. Says that Frye is condescending in his attitudes about Canadian culture, the result perhaps of “the colonial attitudes that prevailed among Ontario intellectuals up to and beyond the 1960s.” Moss, John. Globe and Mail (14 August 1982): Entertainment section, 11. 800 words. Praises Divisions on a Ground for the wisdom of Frye’s social and cultural insights, as well as “the lovely cast of his prose, the eloquence and concrete beauty of his allusions and anecdotes, his perfect metaphors, and disarmingly human affectations.”

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Solecki, Sam. “Criticism and the Anxiety of Identity.” Queen’s Quarterly 90 (Winter 1983): 1026–33 [1026–9]. 1450 words. Places the essays in the context of Frye’s critical theory in general and his Canadian literary criticism in particular. Finds the book both disappointing and rewarding: disappointing because the essays give one a sense of déjà vu and rewarding because it is a book by a major critic who writes forcefully and lucidly. Summarizes Frye’s seminal ideas about Canadian literature, which are repeated and, to a lesser extent, developed in Divisions on a Ground. Stevens, Peter. “Canadian Culture-Frye-d.” Windsor Star (17 July 1982). 700 words. Surveys Frye’s central theses about the relationship between society, education, and culture. Sees Frye’s strength in his ability to arrange his material into a coherent pattern, and his weakness in his failure sometimes to qualify his large generalizations. Divisions on a Ground “offers a stimulating summary of Frye’s thoughts on Canadian culture without becoming too inwardly parochial.” Williams, Haydn M. “Canadian Punditry.” CRNLE Reviews 2 (December 1983): 8. 750 words. Characterizes the position Frye develops in these essays as “Liberal conservatism” and “Christian-humanist.” Comments especially on his controversial views on higher education and on his “Conclusion” to the Literary History of Canada. Woodman, Ross. “From the Belly of the Whale: Frye’s ‘Personal Encounter.’” Canadian Poetry 10 (Spring–Summer 1982): 124–31 [128–31]. 1800 words. In his continuing exploration of Canadian culture, Frye, while still affirming the strength of regionalism, now maintains that Canadian culture has moved beyond provincialism toward maturity. Like Arnold, Frye has seen that a larger vision is necessary to get beyond regionalism. His essays on Canadian topics are an integral part of his more cosmic concerns. 8. Double Vision: Language and Meaning in Religion. Toronto: United Church Publishing House, 1991 For reviews of the Collected Works edition, vol. 4, see section 7. Abley, Mark. “A Worthy Summing Up in Frye’s Final Offering.” The Gazette [Montreal, QC] (25 May 1991): J1. Brown, Allan. “Frye’s Mortal Concerns.” Whig–Standard [Kingston, ON] (21 September 1991): 1.

Dault, Gary M. Books in Canada 20, no. 6 (September 1991): 42–3. Donoghue, Denis. “Mister Myth.” New York Review of Books 39 (9 April 1992): 25. Edinborough, Arnold. “Frye: A Colossus among Academics.” Anglican Journal Review of Books 117 (November 1991): 3A. Erb, Peter C. Conrad Grebel Review 10, no. 3 (Fall 1992): 351–3. Froese, H. Victor. Consensus: A Canadian Lutheran Journal of Theology 19, no. 1 (1993): 178–9. Hanford, J.T. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 4 (1991): 187–8. Hart, Jonathan. “Northrop Frye and the End/s of Ideology.” Comparative Literature 47, no. 2 (Spring 1995): 160–74. –  “Frye’s Anatomizing and Anatomizing Frye.” Canadian Review of Comparative Literature/Revue Canadienne de Littérature Comparée 19, nos. 1–2 (March–June 1992): 119–53 [133–41]. James, William Closson. Canadian Theological Society Newsletter 11, no. 1 (November 1991): 9–10. Jay, Douglas. “Undercover for the United Church.” The Observer [United Church of Canada] 64, no. 6 (January 2001): 44–5. Lachance, Francois. Sine Die. http://www.chass.utoronto. ca/~lachance/sd/sd0002.htm. McKnight, Edgar V. Critical Review of Books in Religion 1992. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1993. 72–4. Mártonffy, Marcell. “A kettős Állandó [The Double Standing] (Northrop Frye: The Double Vision).” Pannonhalmi Szemle 2, no. 4 (1994): 116–18. Rev. of the Hungarian trans. Meagher, John C. Religion & Literature 24 (Summer 1992): 83–90. Morley, Patricia. Quill & Quire 57 (June 1991): 37. Perkin, Russell. “Northrop Frye’s Double Vision.” Atlantic Provinces Book Review 18, no. 3 (September 1991): 15.

Canadian Journal of Communication 19, no. 1 (1994). Brief notice.

Renato, Barilli. “Il testamento di Northrop Frye e il mito supero ‘la realta’” [The Testament of Northrop Frye and the Myth of Going beyond Reality]. Corriere della Sera (17 June 1993): 29. Rev. of the Italian trans.

Dare, Philip N. Lexington Theological Quarterly 28, no. 3 (Fall 1993): 264–6.

Robertson, P.J.M. “Frye’s Challenging Vision.” Globe and Mail (24 August 1991): C12.

Reviews of Frye’s Books, Excluding Those in the Collected Works

–  Quarry 41, no. 2 (1992): 94–6. Vancook, Bert. Presbyterian Record 116 (March 1992): 35–6. Ward, Bruce. Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 21, no. 2 (1992): 246. Wilson, David. United Church Observer 54 (May 1991): 44. Wink, Walter. Theology Today 49 (April 1992): 140. 9. The Educated Imagination. Toronto: Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, 1963 For reviews of the Collected Works edition, see vol. 21, section 7. Amendola, Dionisius. “A Imaginação Educada.” Preconceitosdiletantes. 2017. https://preconceitosdiletantes.wordpress.com/2017/04/24/a-imaginacao-educada/. Rev. of the Portuguese trans. Anonymous. Booklist 61 (1 October 1964): 121–2. Brief notice. –  Choice 1 (January 1965): 473. Brief review, summarizing the main argument. –  “Explains Uses of Literature.” Indiana Alumni Magazine 27 (December 1964): 37. 200 words. Comments briefly on Frye’s theory of literature, one that “places unique emphasis upon the social utility of literary arts.” –  “L’imagination de Northrop Frye.” Sept Jours (13 December 1969): 10. 230 words. A brief review of the French trans. Is concerned chiefly with questioning Frye’s view of language. –  Michigan Quarterly Review 4 (1965): 72. Brief notice. –  Scholarly Books in America 6 (January 1965): 43. Brief notice. –  Teaching Aids News 5 (15 February 1965). Brief notice. –  “L’uomo ‘creativo”’ [The Creative Person]. Il Giornale di Vicenza (30 March 1974): 240 words. Rev. of the Italian trans. Points to Frye’s view of literature as the chief component in education and his understanding of creativity as “the indispensable condition in maintaining the freedom of society itself.” Aronson, Simon. “Package of Ideas.” Chicago Maroon Literary Review 2 (23 October 1964): 1, 7. 1000 words. Sees the scope of the book as its most impressive quality. Summarizes in some detail Frye’s exposition of the different levels of language, his understanding of the imagination, and his concept of mythology. Believes that when Frye begins to relate the imagination to society, his previously established distinctions about levels of

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experience begin to collapse. Still, the book is “a collection of original, significant, and thought-provoking ideas.” Baker, Sheridan. College English 26 (January 1965): 330–1. 210 words. Brief review that sees The Educated Imagination as a “practical, clear, colloquial, persuasive, and brief” version of Anatomy of Criticism. Bannon, Barbara. Publishers Weekly 190 (8 August 1966): 62. Brief notice. Bittencourt, Alba Maria Fraga. “Publicado no Brasil ‘A imaginação educada’ um livro inédito de Northrop Frye” [The Educated Imagination by Northrop Frye, Previously Unpublished in Brazil]. Literatura (14 February 2017). https://www.portalsplishsplash.com/2017/02 /publicado-no-brasil-a-imaginacao-educada-um-livro -inedito-de-northrop-frye.html. Rev. of the Portuguese trans. “Frye proposes a whole model of education, based on some basic principles, the clearest and best exposed of which we find in Robert D. Denham.” Bizier, Gilles. Culture [Montreal] 3 (1970): 361–2. 290 words. Rev. of the French trans. Sees the book as a “mediocre justification” of the use of the imagination and a “tissue of contradictions” that “only leads us down a false trail.” Blissett, William. “Literary Studies.” University of Toronto Quarterly 33 (July 1964): 401–8. 450 words. Observes that Frye’s views on the imagination and education are inseparable. Sees the book as containing a program for educating the imagination towards freedom and citizenry. Reviewed along with five of Frye’s other books. Bonenfant, Jean-Charles. University of Toronto Quarterly 39 (July 1970): 422. Brief note about the appearance of the French trans. Camillus, Sister M. The Globe [Briar Cliff College, Sioux City, IA] 21 (14 March 1968): 3. 260 words. Comments briefly on the role that literature plays, according to Frye, in developing the imagination. Carena, Carlo. “Alla scuola di un critico ben temperato” [At the School of a Well-Tempered Critic]. La Stampa (14 June 1974). 550 words. Rev. of the Italian trans. Calls attention to the relation of The Educated Imagination to Anatomy of Criticism. Summarizes Frye’s views on the function of the imagination (to identify the human and non-human worlds), the connections among literary works, metaphor, and the liberating power of poetry in helping us to overcome ordinary expression. Carruth, Hayden. “People in a Myth.” Hudson Review 18 (Winter 1965–66): 12. 1150 words. Begins by examining

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Frye’s work in the context of the New Criticism. Thinks that his ideas in the early part of the book are pernicious because they divorce literature from moral content and moral application. Reviewed along with A Natural Perspective, to which Carruth devotes most of his attention. Co., F. “Frye.” Avanti (17 March 1974). Brief note about the Italian trans. Cook, Eleanor, and Ramsay Cook. Canadian Annual Review for 1963. Ed. John Saywell. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1964. 457. Brief note. Reviewed along with Fables of Identity, The Educated Imagination, and The Well-Tempered Critic. Divulgador de Notícias, Dino. “Northrop Frye: Um crítico para nosso tempo?” [Northrop Frye: A Critic for Our Time]. Estadão (10 February 2017). Rev. of the Portuguese trans. Dorsch, T.S. Year’s Work in English Studies 45 (1964): 17–18. 100 words. Short review, summarizing Frye’s beliefs about the study of literature. Dudek, Louis. “Northrop Frye’s Untenable Position.” Delta 22 (October 1963): 23–7. 1600 words. Says that despite the “positive humanistic affirmations about literature” Frye makes, almost everything else he says in the book is contrary to what Dudek practises and believes. Frye’s position is untenable because it relegates the content of literature to convention and because the central myth Frye finds in literature is a veiled, dogmatic version of Christianity. Griffith, William S. Adult Leadership 13 (1965): 262. 1060 words. Summarizes Frye’s views on the nature and function of literature. Believes that the book holds little appeal for adult educators because Frye has not “addressed himself to the problem of improvement of the teaching of literature and of insuring that the imagination would be used for moral purposes.” Hillen, Patricia. English Journal 82, no. 7 (November 1993): 84. Hora, Danilo. “Northrop Frye nas ondas do radio” [Northrop Frye on the Radio Waves]. Quatro cinco um: A revista dos livros. https://www.quatrocincoum.com .br/br/home. In Brazil, Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism has influenced the generation of João Luís Lafetá and Luiz Costa. José Guilherme Merquior, in his Formalism and Modern Tradition (1974), refers to Frye as the “last great Anglo-Saxon systematic critic.” Kattan, Naïm. “Pouvoirs de l’imagination de Northrop Frye.” Le Devoir (3 January 1970): 9. Brief rev. of the French trans.

Kibel, Alvin C. “The Imagination Goes to College.” Partisan Review 32 (Summer 1965): 461–4, 466. 1500 words. Quarrels with Frye’s analogizing literature to mathematics. Frye’s system leaves no room for relating literature to social, political, or religious life. For Frye, literature is “an exercise of the spirit uncontaminated by matter, which demonstrates the hypothetical freedom of repudiation and desire from historical complication.” Kitching, Jessie. Publishers Weekly 186 (7 September 1964): 64. Brief notice. Kloski, Anelle. “Literature and Society.” Humanist 25 (May–June 1965): 137. 300 words. Gives an abstract of Frye’s central thesis about the social function of literature. Thinks that in Frye’s effort “heroically to encompass the two worlds of traditional literature and of ‘action,’” he may betray both. L[azarus], A[rnold]. Quartet [West Lafayette, IN] 2 (Spring 1965): 30–1. 530 words. Does not believe that criticism can be the science that Frye proposes in this “germinal book.” Thinks that Frye’s hierarchy of literary modes cannot be taught in the order that he suggests. Frye’s “literary criticism remains more convincing than his pedagogy.” Libaire, Beatrice B. Library Journal 89 (15 October 1964): 3960. Brief notice. MacGillivray, Bill. The Brunswickan 132, no. 123 (1999): Entertainment section. McGrath, Joan. Canadian Book Review Annual, 1983. Ed. Dean Tudor and Ann Tudor. Toronto: Simon & Pierre, 1984. 272. 280 words. Brief review on the occasion of the eighteenth printing of this volume. “Never can an introduction to a theory of literature and literary education have been more persuasive, or more enjoyable.” Mackenzie, Manfred. Southern Review [Australia] 1, no. 3 (1965): 85–8. 1300 words. Sees The Educated Imagination as a demythologized version of Anatomy of Criticism, adopting the same touchstone method used in that book in its most apocalyptic moments. Traces the roots of The Educated Imagination also to Frye’s study of Blake. Frye’s “theory is in fact a broad, but still direct, allegorization of Blake.” Describes Frye as an apocalyptic monist, in that he sees literature as a giant form, and as a humanist, in that he takes an aesthetic view of religious belief in art. Major, Andre. “Un essai de Frye.” Le Devoir (15 November 1969): 10. 600 words. Rev. of the French trans. Summarizes Frye’s answers to the questions: what is the function of literature? why do people write? why do they read?

Reviews of Frye’s Books, Excluding Those in the Collected Works

Mandel, Eli W. “The Language of Humanity: Three Books by Northrop Frye.” Tamarack Review 29 (Autumn 1963): 82–9. 3400 words. Says The Educated Imagination is “calculated to show how criticism moves from its practical or technical concern with literature to its theoretical concern with a structure of ideas or ‘co-ordinating principles’ which give it coherence, and ultimately social significance, as a discipline.” Places The Educated Imagination in the context of Frye’s other works, especially Anatomy of Criticism: “as an introduction to Frye’s theories, one wonders how it could be bettered.” Believes that the difficult part of Frye’s argument is his account of how the imagination and society interact, a question The Well-Tempered Critic seems consciously intent to answer. Reviewed along with T.S. Eliot and The Well-Tempered Critic. M[ickleburgh], B[ruce]. Educational Courier 34 (May–June 1964): 57–9. 1680 words. Examines the book primarily from the perspective of its significance for teaching. Thinks that it could “set in motion a transformation that would make the teaching of literature” much more effective than is now the case and could “help us to find a new orientation in professional development work.” Most of the review consists of citations of particular points Frye makes about language and teaching. Picchi, Mario. “Freschi di Stampa” [Fresh Press]. L’Espresso (24 March 1974): 61. 50 words. Brief rev. of the Italian trans. Says that Frye ignores Bachelard, but he gives us “a brilliant series of comparisons and syntheses.” Pierce, James. English Journal 54 (April 1965): 343–4. 810 words. Emphasizes those parts of Frye’s argument that have to do with the conventional structure of literature. Says that “few have the sense of the totality of literature that Frye possesses” and thinks that the book would be ideal for curriculum planning in English departments. S[hoben], E[dward] J[oseph], [Jr]. “Book Notes.” Teachers College Record 66 (January 1965): 384–5. 270 words. Gives a brief summary of Frye’s views on the imagination as that faculty that seeks to identify the human with the non-human world. “If [The Educated Imagination] falls short of providing a persuasive rationale, it contributes valuably to the discussion” of the role of literary study in an age dominated by science. Sussex, R.T. AUMLA 24 (November 1965): 317–18. 920 words. Summarizes Frye’s main points. Thinks this is a wise book and, unlike some of Frye’s other writing, it has a “direct human touch.” It “might well be daily Bible-reading for any student in the humanities.” Has a

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reservation, however, about Frye’s assumption that the imagination always creates what is true. Unterecker, John. “Literary Criticism.” New York Times Book Review, part 2 [Paperbacks] (26 February 1967): 28. Brief notice. 10. The Eternal Act of Creation: Essays, 1979–90. Ed. Robert D. Denham. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993 Basney, Lionel. Christianity and Literature 43 (Autumn 1993): 104–5. Block, Elizabeth, and Jacob Fuchs. Classical and Modern Literature 13, no. 4 (1993): 361–7. Findlay, L.M. “The Divine Legation of Northrop Frye.” English Studies in Canada 19 (June 1993): 161–78. Galbraith, Evelyn. Studies in Religion /Sciences Religieuses 23, no. 2 (1994): 249. Hamilton, A.C. “Northrop Frye in Print and Conversation.” Queen’s Quarterly 101 (Winter 1994): 895–9. Kallendorf, Craig. Classical and Modern Literature 13 (Summer 1993): 358–60. Meissner, Colin. Religion and Literature 25 (Autumn 1993): 95–6. 750 words. “‘What good is the study of literature? Does it help us to think more clearly, or feel more sensitively, or live a better life than we could without it? What is the function of the teacher and scholar, or of the person who calls himself, as I do, a literary critic? What difference does the study of literature make in our social or political or religious attitude? As for anyone who takes the socially formative function of literature seriously, these questions dogged Frye his entire life. In The Eternal Act, the tenth collection of his essays, Frye moves these questions along to his audience, opening up for his listeners an arena in which they too can engage in the intellectual pursuit Frye characterizes as literary study. As public addresses, these lectures are composed in an easy, informal, and refreshingly uncluttered and occasionally humorous style. The collection’s success lies in Frye’s ability to assume the role of medium through which he brings into contact a general audience and these simple but most difficult questions about literature’s role.” Rampton, David. “Centre and Periphery.” Canadian Literature 141 (Summer 1994): 141–2. Walker, Craig Stewart. “Unpopular Anachronism of a Critic with Vision.” Compass 11 (September–October 1993): 37–9.

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11. F  ables of Identity: Studies in Poetic Mythology. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1963

Co., F. “Frye.” Avant (17 March 1974). 250 words. Brief note about the Italian trans.

Alter, Robert. “Programmed Profundity.” Book Week, 19 July 1964, 8. 810 words. Thinks that Frye has “a real gift for generalizing” but that his insights into literature come in spite of rather than because of his archetypal scheme. This scheme is “not so much a scientific description as a poetic creation,” so much so that the appeal of Frye’s book is that of a carefully balanced and complete work of art. Judges his essays on Blake and on the age of sensibility to be of the most lasting value.

Cook, Eleanor, and Ramsay Cook. Canadian Annual Review for 1963. Ed. John Saywell. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1964. 457. Brief note. Reviewed along with The Educated Imagination, T.S. Eliot, and The Well-Tempered Critic.

Andrade, Fabio Rigatto de S. “Resenha [Review]: Fábulas de Identidade, de Northrop Frye.” Folha de São Paulo 7 (2000) vol. S/N, Fac. 64: 3. Rev. of Portuguese trans. Anonymous. Booklist 60 (15 January 1964): 434, 436. Brief notice. Beattie, Munro. “Nature-Inspired Myths Framework of Literature.” Ottawa Citizen, 21 March 1964, 28. 580 words. Summarizes Frye’s approach to the study of literature by way of the conventions of myth, and outlines the book’s contents. “It is a spellbinding web Frye weaves, with astonishing range of illustration, comprehensiveness of types and themes of literature, and touches of art.” Binni, Francesco. “L’interprete di favole” [The Interpreter of Fairy Tales]. Avanti! (27 June 1974). Rev. of the Italian trans. Blissett, William. “Literary Studies.” University of Toronto Quarterly 33 (July 1964): 401–8. 260 words. Says Fables of Identity is the most considerable of the six books Frye published within the year, more accessible to the non-specialist than Anatomy of Criticism. Refers briefly to the writers to whom Frye applies his concepts of myth, archetype, and displacement. Reviewed along with T.S. Eliot, The Well-Tempered Critic, The Educated Imagination, Learning in Language and Literature, and Romanticism Reconsidered. Bosi, Viviana. “Northrop Frye faz ode aos poderes da imaginação” [Northrop Frye’s Ode to the Powers of the Imagination]. O estado de S. Paulo (14 May 2000). http://www.estado.estadao.com.br/editorias/2000/05/14 /cad543.html. Rev. of the Portuguese trans. Carruth, Hayden. “Poetic Mythology.” Poetry 104 (September 1964): 369–74 [372]. 150 words. Brief comment on the book as a “somewhat simplified view of Frye’s theory and practice.” It is less adequate than Anatomy of Criticism, “but for readers who wish a quick dunking and who are willing to put up with the atrocious writing of the early essays, Fables of Identity will be useful.”

Cordelli, Franco. “Frye.” Avanti! (7 March 1974). Rev. of the Italian trans. Donoghue, Denis. “The Well-Tempered Klavier.” Hudson Review 18 (Spring 1964): 138–42. 2300 words. Complains throughout that in devoting so much attention to the system of literary conventions Frye slights the particularities of poetic texture and the differences among literary works. Believes Frye’s method works well for what it attempts to do: it just does not do enough to provide readers the feeling of poetry. Believes, also, that Frye twists literary facts to fit his schematic theses, citing his essay on Stevens’s poetry as an example. Still, though Stevens’s poetry is ten per cent structure and ninety per cent texture, readers of Stevens will owe a great deal to mapmakers such as Frye. Filippetti, Antonio. “Il simbolo, il mito e la critica” [The Symbol, the Myth, and Criticism]. Napoli Notte (15 November 1973). Rev. of the Italian trans. Fraser, G.S. “Mythmanship.” New York Review of Books 1 (6 February 1964): 18–19. 1320 words. Argues primarily that drama and prose fiction are artistic advances upon the primitive concept of myth because they involve human beings choosing and reacting to the concrete world around them. This is the element left out of Frye’s “very original critical synthesis”—the element of reality. Fuson, Ben W. Library Journal 89 (1 February 1964): 631–2. Brief notice. Hallie, Philip. “The Master Builder.” Partisan Review 31 (Fall 1964): 650–1, 53–8. 2600 words. Says Fables of Identity is an important book, but devotes most of this review to criticizing the fundamental principles of Frye’s entire critical system. Jornal da Tarde [São Paulo] (7 June 2000). Rev. of Portuguese trans. Price, Martin. “Open and Shut: New Critical Essays.” Yale Review 53 (Summer 1964): 592–9 [592–4]. 1200 words. Praises Frye’s brilliance as a critic and the liberation provided by his work, but resists his system-building because it “may shrink up our perception of diversity and novelty.” Reaney, James. “Frye’s Magnet.” Tamarack Review 33 (Autumn 1964): 72–8. 2500 words. Devotes most of

Reviews of Frye’s Books, Excluding Those in the Collected Works

this review to illustrating how Frye’s account of literary design works to good effect in arranging one’s literary experience. Examines several sets of the designs (the four mythoi, epiphanies) in Frye’s map of literature, and seeks to show that Frye’s method functions as a magnet, drawing to itself the iron filings that in the reading process tend otherwise to get lost. Praises the book also for its texture, wit, and power. Saltina, Vittorio. “Un mito per ogni stagione” [A Myth for Every Season]. L’Espresso 20, no. 44 (3 November 1974): 87. 520 words. Rev. of the Italian trans. Emphasizes the difference between Frye and the French structuralists. Says the importance of Fables of Identity is that it puts the theory expounded in Anatomy of Criticism into practice. Outlines Frye’s understanding of archetypal form. Agrees with Frye that archetypal analysis is the premise on which aesthetic criticism is founded, but questions his linking the mythoi of comedy, romance, tragedy, and irony with the four seasons. Skelton, Robin. “The House That Frye Built.” Canadian Literature 24 (Spring 1965): 63–6. 1500 words. Sees Fables of Identity as a work of metacriticism, which means that everything in it is in the service of its unifying vision. Believes Frye is overly concerned to create a structure for this vision, a structure that pleases in the same way that poems please. Thus Frye can overlook facts and change the meanings of terms to suit his own purposes. The result is over-simplification, dogma, and sometimes absurdity. Still, Fables of Identity is a “challenging, enlivening book.” One emerges from it “having had a totally new and strange experience of the meaning of literature, the nature of mythology, and the function of criticism.” Swayze, Walter E. “A Rich Experience.” Winnipeg Free Press (30 May 1964) [Modern Living section]: 4. Gives an overview of the central ideas of the first part of Fables of Identity. Objects to Frye’s frequent blurring of distinctions and failing to explain, but claims his daring achievement evaporates all local complaints. 12. Fearful Symmetry: A Study of William Blake. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1947 For reviews of the Collected Works edition, vol. 14, see chapter 7. Ames, Alfred. “Escaping Selfhood.” Poetry 71 (1947): 101–3. 500 words. Reviews briefly a half-dozen twentieth-century books on Blake but claims that none of them “should be permitted to jostle Fearful Symmetry aside.” Praises Frye’s ability to illuminate the grammar of Blake’s large poetic vision. Glances at Frye’s understanding of Blake as a visionary proclaiming the Word

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of God and at the difference between Shakespeare, whose plays have a surface, and Blake, whose prophetic works do not. Anonymous. “The Challenge of William Blake.” Newsweek (5 May 1947): 102. 200 words. Brief notice. Calls Fearful Symmetry “a praiseworthy and lucid study.” –  “Elucidation of Blake.” TLS (10 January 1948): 25. 1150 words. Briefly surveys the history of Blake criticism from Gilchrist to Middleton Murry, seeing most of the interpreters as reading into Blake their own ideas. But Frye “comes nearer than any other to a complete systematic analysis and interpretation from within.” Believes that Frye has “triumphantly carried out a task . . . which cannot help being immense,” uncovering the structure of Blake’s total vision and relating it to the structure of ideas in Western culture. But the greatness of the book depends finally on whether or not most readers will be able, after studying Fearful Symmetry, to read Blake with the same appreciation that they get from writers, such as Shakespeare and Homer, whose work is founded on less difficult myths. –  New Yorker 86 (26 April 1947): 86. Brief notice. –  “Sanity of Genius Found in Blake by Toronto Don.” Toronto Star (17 May 1947): 9. 675 words. Primarily a summary of Frye’s purpose. Says the book is “scholarly enough for the most exacting specialist and lucid enough for the average serious reader.” Belitt, Ben. “Auguries of Energy.” Virginia Quarterly Review 23 (1947): 628–30. 900 words. Calls attention to Frye’s emphasis on Blake’s theory of knowledge and to his making clear Blake’s characteristic activity “of renaming the myth in order to set it free.” Judges the final effect of Frye’s study to be two-fold: (1) he illuminates the symmetry of Blake’s massive iconography of the imagination, and (2) he recovers for the reader each element of the poetic process itself. Concludes with a summary of Blake’s sweeping critique of eighteenth-century rationalism and materialism. Bentley, G.E., Jr., and Martin K. Nurmi. A Blake Bibliography: Annotated Lists of Works, Studies, and Blakeana. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1964. 25–6, 269. 450 words. Judge Fearful Symmetry to be “the single most important study of Blake to appear thus far,” largely because of Frye’s unified critical method. Say that Frye’s main argument is that Blake is a traditional rather than an eccentric poet, one working within the conventions of archetypal symbolism. In a separate annotation to Fearful Symmetry on page 269, the authors remark: “A magisterial analysis of Blake’s poetry and thought, remarkable alike for its brilliance and its complexity. It

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is and probably will remain the most important single work of Blake criticism.” Bostetter, Edward E. “Without Contraries Is No Progression.” Interim 3 no. (1947): 9–16. 3700 words. Says that Fearful Symmetry rescues Blake from the cultists by showing him to be a visionary rather than a mystic. Notes that Frye’s interest is in relating Blake to the philosophical and religious currents of the age and in placing him in the context of the mythopoeic traditions from the Renaissance on. Summarizes Frye’s treatment of the Orc symbolism to illustrate his method. Believes that his effort to squeeze all the possible meanings out of the symbol sometimes destroys its identity and that “in the piling of symbol on symbol he bewilders and exhausts” his readers. Briosi, Sandro. Uomini e Libri 58 (April 1976): 75. 275 words. Rev. of the Italian trans. Points to the connection between Fearful Symmetry and Anatomy of Criticism and summarizes Frye’s understanding of Blake’s poetic and religious archetypes, his treatment of the Orc cycle, and his synthetic reading of Milton and Jerusalem. C., S.C. “In Consideration of William Blake.” Christian Science Monitor (27 September 1947): 17. 520 words. Does not believe that Frye’s exposition, though presented “with force and conviction,” will convince any readers, except perhaps the most robust and energetic, that Blake’s work is of aesthetic importance. Chronicle of Higher Education 34 (13 April 1988): A4. Davies, Blodwen. “I Give You the End of a Golden String.” The Beacon 36 (February 1948): 314–19. 2800 words. Says Fearful Symmetry is evidence that Blake was one of the enlightened, who sensed a unity among humankind—a genius who expressed the spiritual nature of humanity. Reviews primarily the nature of the imagination as found in Blake’s work and its relation to his understanding of beauty and of sin. Fearful Symmetry “is a great imaginative act, a piece of prophetic criticism which can, in the hands of imaginative readers, break open the bondage of the cocoon and free the winged future of a transformed society.” Deacon, William Arthur. “Masterly Interpretation of William Blake’s Poems.” Globe and Mail (17 May 1947): 12. 850 words. Calls Fearful Symmetry “a notable achievement,” a book that “has enriched the whole literary world by rescuing the major works of a great poet from misunderstanding and obscurity.” Singles out for special comment Frye’s treatment of Blake’s epistemology and his views on imagination and civilization. E[rdman], D[avid] E. ELH, 15 (March 1948): 10. 300 words. Points to Frye’s analogical and anagogical

method of studying Blake, to his slighting of history in explaining Blake’s work, and to his interpretation of Blake’s idea of “Mental Fight.” F[lewelling], Ralph] T[yler]. “Blake Redivivus.” Personalist 29 (Spring 1948): 215–17. 950 words. Judges Fearful Symmetry to be “perhaps the most outstanding attempt ever made to bring William Blake’s greatness home to the common reader.” Cites primarily Frye’s attention to the attacks by Blake on materialism, external regimentation, and conformity. Frankenberg, Lloyd. “Forms for Freedom.” Saturday Review of Literature 30 (19 July 1947): 19. 1100 words. Comments on Frye’s completely identifying himself with Blake’s vision and on the way he opens up Blake’s world. Thinks that Frye handles the material in the book unsystematically and that the piecemeal approach always proves Blake to be superior. Believes that Blake’s chief failure was his choice of symbols, even though beneath his symbolism “lies a real and magnificent play of ideas.” Says that Frye himself frequently fails in not being able to organize and explain these ideas. G., W. “William Blake.” Queen’s Quarterly 54 (Autumn 1947): 395–7. 1040 words. Comments on Frye’s placing of Blake in the contexts of his own age, the tradition of English literature and the Bible, and the arts of painting and music. Frye “has gladdened the hearts of those who have long read Blake, and he has opened the way for others.” Gardiner, C. Harold. “Poetry, Criticism, Short Stories.” America 78 (15 November 1947): xviii. Brief notice. Garrett, John. “Turning New Leaves.” Canadian Forum 27 (July 1947): 90. Partially rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism, vol. 24, ed. Sharon R. Gunton. Detroit: Gale Research, 1983. 207–8. 950 words. For the study of Blake, Frye “has tackled the most difficult problem of all: the exposition of Blake’s esoteric and complicated symbolism.” Gives a brief overview of the themes Frye treats. Criticizes the exclusiveness of Blake’s doctrine of imaginative vision, but praises Frye for his “unravelling the baffling symbolism and prophetic message” of Blake. Hallie, Philip. “The Master Builder.” Partisan Review 31 (Fall 1964): 650–1. 2600 words. Sees Fearful Symmetry as an important book, but devotes most of this review to a critique of Frye’s system in Anatomy of Criticism. Hamilton, Kenneth. Dalhousie Review 27 (October 1947): 381–3. 1320 words. Thinks Frye starts at the proper place (Blake’s theory of knowledge) and that Frye’s account of the unity of Blake’s symbolism is “rightly stressed and scrupulously presented.” Frye’s original contribution is

Reviews of Frye’s Books, Excluding Those in the Collected Works

his account of Blake’s imaginative vision and his uncompromising method. Wishes that Frye had made some evaluation of Blake’s complete system—“a critical examination of his thought on its intrinsic merits.” Hamm, Victor M. “Interpreting the Symbols.” America 7, no. 13 (28 June 1947): 356. Is not as convinced as Frye that Blake developed a coherent vision. Hughes, Josephine Nichols. The Thomist 11 (April 1948): 257–9. 1000 words. Points to Frye’s partisanship and “his strong conviction that Blake’s thought cannot be explained wholly in the light of his sources” as two things that make Fearful Symmetry a valuable work for the critical reader. Is distressed, however, that Frye accepts so uncritically Blake’s Calvinistic myth of the Fall and his “monstrous concept of God and creation.” Points to the beliefs in Blake’s work that make him an astoundingly perceptive and seminal artist, but thinks that Frye fails in not discriminating between Blake’s genuine perceptions and his absurd and antinomian excesses. Keynes, Geoffrey. “The Poetic Vision.” Time and Tide 28 (27 December 1947): 1394. 1100 words. Points to Frye’s purpose (to establish Blake as a typical poet) and to his method (discursive, analytic commentary). Fearful Symmetry is a book of “eloquence and insight” that will “carry our understanding of Blake’s message well into the inland of our consciousness.” Lees, Gene. “Afterthoughts.” Downbeat (22 December 1960): 4. 670 words. Recommends Fearful Symmetry to “all jazzmen and critics and intelligent admirers of the art,” because the book “opens up such magnificent vistas of meaning, and clarifies so much about the relationship of man to art [and] to God.” McLuhan, Herbert Marshall. “Inside Blake and Hollywood.” Sewanee Review 55 (October–December 1947): 710–13. 1450 words. Thinks Frye’s work supplants all previous studies of Blake, because Frye is able to abandon the linear perspective and, by putting himself inside Blake, “speak of current issues as we might suppose Blake would have spoken.” Frye’s exegesis is essential because the emphasis upon the intellectual rather than the artistic allegory in Blake’s work means that to read about Blake is more satisfactory than reading Blake himself. Marchetti, Giuseppe. “Frye interpreta le visioni di Blake” [Frye Interprets Blake’s Visions]. Gazzetta di Parma (29 April 1976). Rev. of the Italian trans. Margoliouth, H.M. Review of English Studies 24 (October 1948): 334–5. 700 words. Sees Fearful Symmetry as “a massive achievement,” one that “provides a solid

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foundation for all further work on the subject.” Summarizes the topics dealt with in each of the book’s twelve chapters, points to several “superficial faults,” and questions Frye’s interpretation of the “Seven Eyes of God.” Marnau, Fred. “William Blake.” New English Review 16 (February 1948): 190, 192. 380 words. Calls Fearful Symmetry a “profound book,” which not only does justice to Blake but also provides a defence of poetry itself. Morley, Edith J. Year’s Work in English Studies 28 (1947): 219–20. 320 words. Calls Fearful Symmetry a “success in indicating the path that must be followed” to discover the meaning of Blake’s visionary prophecies. Randall, Helen W. “Blake as Teacher and Critic.” University of Toronto Quarterly 17 (January 1948): 204–7. 1550 words. Calls attention especially to Frye’s treatment of Blake’s epistemology and his visionary theory of art. Frye’s “brilliant exposition of the developing diagrammatic forms of the Prophecies and of the whole formal pattern of the engraved canon is a super piece of symbolical and anagogical interpretation.” Is not convinced, however, that the method for reading Blake can be applied, as Frye urges, to reading all literature. Sandwell, B.K. “Student of Pelham Edgar’s Writes Epoch-Marking Volume on Blake.” Saturday Night 62 (19 July 1947): 17. 1050 words. Uses a generous selection of quotations from Fearful Symmetry to illustrate that the book is not simply about Blake’s work but about the entire enterprise of poetry and its place in society. Comments on Frye’s understanding of the mythopoeic tradition in English literature. Fearful Symmetry “is a blazing light thrown upon the thinking and feeling and consequently upon the bewilderment and anguish” of our own age. It is therefore “proof of the essentially prophetic character of all great poetry.” Sitwell, Edith. “William Blake.” Spectator 179 (10 October 1947): 466. 1300 words. “To say [Fearful Symmetry] is a magnificent, extraordinary book is to praise it as it should be praised, but in doing so one gives little idea of the huge scope of the book and of its fiery understanding.” Quotes a number of passages from Fearful Symmetry to show how Frye illuminates Blake’s creative thought. Thomas, Ivo. Blackfriar’s 29 (August 1948): 395–6. 500 words. Judges Frye to have covered Blake’s relation to English literature with “thoroughness and objectivity.” Comments briefly on Frye’s analysis of Blake’s epistemology and his conception of identity. Wasser, Henry. Modern Language Quarterly 9 (June 1948): 248–9. 540 words. Sees Frye as having rectified two

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failures in much Blake criticism: the failure to see the historical context of Blake’s poetry and the neglect of Blake’s fundamental ethical impulse. Weinberg, A.M. “Songs and Prophecies.” UNISA English Studies 8 (November 1970): 34–5 [35]. 700 words. Reviews Frye’s thesis that Blake is a conscious artist and his central claim that all of Blake’s works must be viewed as part of a unified canon expressing a coherent mythology based mainly on the Bible. Frye’s “argument is extremely lucid,” but the book is flawed by Frye’s failure to analyse Blake’s poetic texture. Wellek, René. MLN 64 (January 1949): 62–3. 450 words. Judges Fearful Symmetry to be “one of the major achievements of modern Blake scholarship,” but faults Frye for failing “in the actual critical task of evaluation and even analysis of poetry as poetry.” Believes that something is wrong with Frye’s mythopoeic conception of poetry because, even if Blake’s work is symbolically coherent, it cannot be defended as poetry. White, Helen C. JEGP 49 (January 1950): 124–7. 2030 words. Judges Frye’s analysis of Blake’s ideas and his basic myth to be lucid and coherent. But more than that, the book is “a very warm and sympathetic affirmation of the value and significance of the message of Blake and of the importance of Blake as a prophet.” Frye’s distinctive contribution is in treating Blake’s mythmaking in the context of the viable mythmaking in Blake’s own time. Believes the book could have been even better had Frye paid more attention to Blake the artist.

Perspective is a much more convincing example of archetypal criticism than Fools of Time. –  Times Educational Supplement (13 September 1968): 490. Brief notice. Colaiacomo, Paola. “Anatomie del lettore” [Anatomy of the Reader]. Il Manifesto (23 December 1986). Rev. of the Italian trans. Engelborghs, Maurits. “Recent Kritisch Werk.” De zeven Kunsten 8 (19 September 1967): 4. Ferguson, W. Craig. Queen’s Quarterly 74 (Winter 1967): 773–4. 450 words. Finds that Frye’s deductive method necessarily limits and distorts Shakespeare, who is too large to fit the Procrustean bed of Frye’s categories. Even though the tragedies do not quite fit Frye’s theories, his experimental approach can be a stimulating starting point for discussion and argument. Foakes, R.A. English 17 (Autumn 1968): 99–102 [100]. 225 words. Brief comments on Frye’s scheme for classifying Shakespeare’s tragedies, which is sometimes helpful in drawing analogies between the plays. Frye, Roland Mushat. Shakespeare Quarterly 29 (Winter 1969): 101. 380 words. Maintains that Frye is primarily interested in assimilating the conventions of Shakespeare’s tragedies into his a priori categories. Finds Frye’s study of archetypal characters more helpful than his analysis of the three kinds of tragedies. Even if one rejects Frye’s underlying system, “it seems impossible to read Northrop Frye without being enriched by him.”

13. Fools of Time: Studies in Shakespearean Tragedy. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1967 For reviews of the Collected Works edition, vol. 28, see chapter 7.

Fuhara, Fusaaki. Eigo seinen [The Rising Generation] 113 (March 1968): 186–7. In Japanese. Brief review that agrees generally with Frye’s theory of tragedy, but points to some cases that do not fit.

Anonymous. Booklist 64 (1 October 1967): 165. Brief notice.

Hamilton, Alice. “According to Frye.” Winnipeg Free Press (15 July 1967) [Leisure Magazine section]: 15. Believes that Frye is too much bound by his nineteenth-century, non-historical approach to Shakespeare. “The book, on the whole, is hasty and disorganized, opinion not being justified by evidence.”

–  Choice 4 (December 1967): 1113. Brief notice. –  Humanities Association Review 25 (Spring 1974): 185–6. 360 words. Outlines Frye’s analysis of the three kinds of Shakespearean tragedy. Judges the division to be “persuasively argued.” “An indispensable text for the student of Shakespeare.” –  “Shakespeare in Three Parts.” TLS (25 July 1968): 778. 750 words. Sees the structure of the book as “an intellectual stream of consciousness,” which presents in lieu of detailed analyses “a kind of fluid myth-map of Shakespeare’s historical and tragical plays, drawn up in a series of cool and choice epigrams, definitions, generalizations, and off-hand profundities.” Thinks A Natural

–  Dalhousie Review 47 (Summer 1967): 279, 281. 680 words. Outlines the way Frye uses his primary categories. Believes Frye’s idea of “conflict in time” reveals little that is new, and that the book as a whole “bears the signs of hasty writing, opinion, confusion, contradiction, and unfounded statements.” Hibbard, G.R. Shakespeare Survey 22 (1969): 156–7. 300 words. Finds the book disappointing because no real argument ever emerges. “Frye attempts to pull too many different approaches together.”

Reviews of Frye’s Books, Excluding Those in the Collected Works

Hoy, Cyrus. Studies in English Literature 8 (Spring 1968): 365–8. 1000 words. Argues that the book contains more wit than judgment. Frye’s schematizations are ingenious and endlessly fascinating, but they tell us more about Frye than about Shakespeare’s tragedies. His “contrivance is dazzling . . . but very much an end in itself.” Kattan, Naïm. “Shakespeare est-il tragique?” Le Devoir (21 October 1967): 13. 1200 words. Summarizes Frye’s argument about the three kinds of Shakespearean tragedy and their relation to melodrama, dream, and Christianity. Finds the book to be “not only a brilliant illustration of his theories and his method, but equally a penetrating and original analysis of Shakespeare’s tragic plays.” Kermode, Frank. “Reading Shakespeare’s Mind.” New York Review of Books 9 (12 October 1967): 14–17. 1240 words. Says that “this remarkable book . . . seems to prove that Frye’s systems are mnemotechnical in character, a way of making fruitful connections between disparate activities of an extraordinary mind.” Gives an overview of Frye’s tripartite division of Shakespeare’s tragedies. Finds the account of Christianity and tragedy to be an example of Frye’s pre-eminence, which “depends upon the self-consciously fictive power of his schemes as well as upon their power to make him speak more than they know.” A Natural Perspective is a successful work of art because it helps us to make sense of the world. Kernan, Alvin B. “Exegetes and Paracletes.” Yale Review 57 (Winter 1968): 296–8. 1000 words. Gives a sketch of Frye’s schematic approach to Shakespeare. Observes that Frye’s readings may seem completely indifferent to “facts.” But despite this, or perhaps because of it, he is an authentic and prophetic critical voice. “Out of his visionary selection and manipulation of details emerges as true a picture as we are ever likely to get of Shakespearian tragedy.” Markels, Julian. Wascana Review 3, no. 1 (1968): 95–8. 1650 words. Says that “this rewarding book . . . is . . . an intense moral experience.” Discusses Frye’s comprehensive and flexible method, which is designed not to do complete justice to Shakespeare’s individual plays but to provide a vision: “What Frye gives us, like his master Blake, is not so much a method as a practice, not so much a system as a vision, not so much a theory as a poem.” Martin, Augustine. Studies [Dublin] 59 (Summer 1970): 211–14 [211–12]. 500 words. Judges Frye’s critical framework to be unsound: it fails “to give a coherent

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context for the succession of valuable perceptions thrown up by the lectures almost in its despite.” Finds the book to be wilfully digressive, obscure, and incoherent. Marenco, Franco. “Antropologia del dramma” [Anthropology of Drama]. L’Indice (February 1987): 18. Rev. of the Italian trans. Nathanson, Leonard. Shakespeare Studies, vol. 5. Ed. J. Leeds Barroll. Dubuque, IA: William C. Brown, 1970. 329–31. 1120 words. Gives a full summary of the central arguments of each of the three chapters. Says the book’s strength lies in the interrelations among the tragedies that Frye is able to uncover and in his fitting of these into “the larger order of literary works.” Palmer, D.J. Review of English Studies 20 (August 1969): 386. 500 words. Points to the book’s primary insight— the experience of being in time and the heroic struggle against the irony of such experience. Says “the book’s most valuable quality is one that pervades the whole, namely the impulse to ‘get at’ the fundamental issues: Frye keeps the important questions always in view. Ricks, Christopher. “Dead for a Docket.” Listener 79 (9 May 1968): 610–11. 1440 words. Mainly a critique of Frye’s method. Claims that nothing important issues from the categories Frye sets up and very little is illuminated from the comparisons he points to. Shibata, Toshihiko. Eibungaku kenkyu [Studies in English Literature] 45, no. 1 (1968): 79–83. In Japanese. Points to the difficulty of theorizing about Shakespeare’s tragedies. Has reservations about Frye’s excluding “life” from literary criticism. Smith, Marion B. University of Toronto Quarterly 37 (July 1968): 400–3. 1060 words. Says Frye’s archetypal frame of reference “illuminates his materials far more often than it distorts them.” Cites examples of Frye’s insights, especially from his chapter on the tragedies of passion. Sees the chief difficulty with the book in the limitations imposed by its original form, the public lecture, which leads to a distortion of emphasis and unargued assumptions. Uhlig, Claus. Anglia 89, no. 3 (1971): 385–6. 750 words. Thinks that although Frye throws “occasional sidelights on the plays discussed,” his schematic framework distorts Shakespeare and tends to ignore the evidence of the texts. “Critical brilliance, stimulating though it may be, is no compensation for lack of scholarly exactitude.” Criticizes Frye for ignoring previous research and for using Shakespeare’s plays “primarily as a pretext for rather unrestrained speculation.”

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14. A Glorious and Terrible Life with You: Selected Correspondence of Northrop Frye and Helen Kemp, 1932–1939, selected and edited by Margaret Burgess from the edition prepared by Robert D. Denham. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007

referentiality of the Bible. Claims that Frye misreads the imagery of Psalm 1, the David and Michal story, Genesis 1, and the Book of Job.

Gibson, Stacey. “The Northrop Frye You Never Knew.” University of Toronto Magazine (Autumn 2007).

Andrade, Fabio Rigatto de S. “A mãe de todas as histórias [The Mother of All Stories] (O grande código, de N. Frye). Folha de S. Paulo (13 February 2005): 7. Rev. of the Portuguese trans.

Howells, Carol Ann. British Journal of Canadian Studies 22, no. 2 (2009): 278–9.

Anonymous. Books in Canada 11 (August–September 1982): 41–2. Brief note.

Morra, Linda. “Glorious Lives.” Canadian Literature 200 (Spring 2009): 133–4.

–  Chatelaine 55 (May 1982): 6. Brief review.

Reference & Research Book News 23, no. 2 (May 2008). 15. The Great Code: The Bible and Literature. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1982 For reviews of the Collected Works edition, vol. 19, see chapter 7. Adachi, Ken. “Canadian Books: A Vintage Season.” Toronto Star (12 September 1981): F10. Brief note. Ages, Arnold. “In the Beginning Was the Word.” Montreal Gazette (13 March 1982): D8. 825 words. Similar, slightly briefer reviews by Ages appear as “Frye Probes Bible and Literature,” The Spectator [Hamilton, ON] (27 February 1982): 50, and as “Northrop Frye Offers a New Vision of the Bible,” Calgary Herald (27 March 1982): F8. Reviews Frye’s critique of the historical, theological, and purely literary approaches to the Bible and comments on the tools Frye uses in his own structural analysis. Alcala, Juan. “Northrop Frye’s The Great Code.” Fare Forward (February 2015). http://farefwd.com/2015/02 /northrop-fryes-the-great-code/. “Though it was published in 1982, Northrop Frye’s The Great Code remains profound, timely, and complex. Anybody interested in the heritage of Western literature, the history of knowledge and language, or theology will profit from much of what Frye lays out here, because what he is concerned with “is not the question whether God is dead or obsolete, but with the question of what resources of language may be dead or obsolete.” Alexander, Howard. Quaker Life 25 (January–February 1984): 32. Brief review. Alter, Robert. Blake: An Illustrated Quarterly 17 (Summer 1983): 20–2. 1850 words. Maintains that Frye’s view of the Bible is “misleading and sometimes dead wrong” because his archetypal method leads him away from the “differential structures of specific literary texts,” and his attention to typology causes him to distort the

–  “Frye’s Code an Encounter with the Bible.” Ottawa Citizen [Ottawa, ON] (10 February 1990): J6. –  The Griffin 32 (February 1982): 3–4. 525 words. Brief review, announcing The Great Code as a Readers’ Subscription book club selection. –  Vancouver Province, 9 May 1982. Brief review. –  Virginia Quarterly Review 59 (Summer 1983): 86–7. Brief notice. Aspinall, David. “Two Reasons Christianity Conquered Rome and Paganism.” Video (2018). https://www. bing.com/videos/search?q=northrop+frye&&view=detail&mid=7E4E0E586FFA368F0BB57E4E0E586FFA368F0BB5&&FORM=VDRVRV. Atkinson, David W. “Northrop Frye: Another Landmark Work.” Lethbridge Herald (1 May 1982): C8. 500 words. Judges the results of Frye’s approach, which is to view the Bible as an imaginative unity, to be a “remarkable accomplishment,” but thinks that he has ignored too much the modern scholarly approaches to Scripture and that he is “irritatingly glib in his comparisons between Christianity and other world religions.” Ayre, John. “Distilling the Font of Literature.” Maclean’s 95 (5 April 1982): 56. 750 words. Places The Great Code in the context of Frye’s other books. Observes that Frye wants to affirm that “the Bible is the essential code book of our thought processes, symbolism and mythology,” but that the book is theoretically complex, especially in the first half. Locates the strength of The Great Code in the handbook of biblical symbolism developed in the second half. Frye’s “achievement is to strip the Bible of religious anxieties.” Balabán, Milan. “Zlatý klíč k Bibli a literatuře” [The Golden Key to the Bible and Literature]. Literární noviny 11, no. 15 (2000): 10. Rev. of the Czech trans. Balling, J.L. Dansk Teologisk Tidsskrift 47, no. 1 (1984): 77–8. 250 words. Notes that Frye’s view of the Bible is comprehensive, as it was for the older theologies.

Reviews of Frye’s Books, Excluding Those in the Collected Works

Although it does not speak of the Bible in a theological way, theologians will do well to show an interest in it. Barclay, Pat. “Northrop Frye’s Awe-inspiring Look at the Bible.” Victoria Times Colonist [BC] (19 June 1982): 34. 580 words. Gives a brief introduction to Frye’s approach and to the main topics he examines. Bates, Ronald. “A Literary Event of Major Scope.” London Free Press [Ontario] (10 April 1982): B9. 1600 words. Comments on Frye’s strategic use of wit and irony as teaching devices and on the quality of bricolage both in the Bible and in Frye’s approach to it. Baumgaertner, Jill P. Christian Century 99 (29 September 1982): 962–3. 800 words. Summarizes Frye’s argument on narrative and imagery. “Frye notices the minute and unusual and makes it relevant and thought-provoking.” Thinks that the two-part division of the book into the theoretical and the practical implies an unnecessary separation. Becker, John L. “The Word of God & the Work of Man.” Worldview 25 (September 1982): 5–8. 3870 words. Places the book in the context of Frye’s views on Blake, the structure of literature, and, most important, his own vision of the universal task of building a human community. Presents a concise but thorough account of Frye’s understanding of the function of language in recreating a new society and of the distinction between the experience and the study of literature, the latter of which makes possible a shareable vision of the human community. Summarizes Frye’s use of typology as a means for understanding patterns of narrative and imagery in the Bible. Argues that Frye’s importance is in his helping us to see that without the imagination we inhabit a world of unreality and alienation.

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Literary Response in The Great Code.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the South Atlantic Modern Language Association, Atlanta, GA, 10 November 1984. 18 pp. Photoduplicated typescript. Boitani, Piero. “Indicibili parole” [Unspeakable Words]. L’Indice 2 (February 1987): 17–18. Rev. of the Italian trans. Booklist (15 June 1982): 1350. Borgman, Paul. Christian Scholar’s Review 12, no. 4 (1983): 360–3. 400 words. Compares The Great Code to Amos Wilder’s Jesus’ Parables and the War of Myths. Calls attention to Frye’s emphasis upon centripetal meaning and his exposition of the seven phases of revelation. Bouce, Paul-Gabriel. Études anglaises 37, no. 4 (1984): 449–50. 640 words. Gives a brief summary of Frye’s purpose. Notes the double-mirror structure of the book. Thinks Frye’s encyclopedic approach, as opposed to that of narrow professionalism, is to be admired. Observes that Blake’s apocalyptic vision, which resolves ontological opposites, is always in the margin of the book. Brauner, David. “In Man’s Image.” Jerusalem Post Magazine (7 January 1983): 13. 1050 words. Offers a brief summary of Frye’s major theses. Claims that Frye is “out of his element” because he lacks knowledge of the Hebrew language and Jewish tradition. Breslin, John B. “The Gospel According to Frye.” Book World 12 (16 May 1982): 11, 14. 1400 words. Examines Frye’s conception of types, and singles out for special comment his treatment of apocalypse. Says that the expanding vision of the ideal reader locates Frye firmly in the Protestant tradition.

Bini, Benedetta. “Il mondo in una pagina” [The World on a Page]. L’Espresso (19 October 1986): 221. Rev. of the Italian trans.

Briner, Lewis A. “Divine Reading.” The Common Reader (August–September 1982): 1. 850 words. Finds Part 2 of the book, especially the analysis of the seven phases of revelation, the most rewarding.

Bliven, Naomi. “The Good Book.” New Yorker 58 (31 May 1982): 104–6. 1990 words. Gives a succinct digest of Frye’s account of the nature of biblical language, and reviews his argument about the three unifying techniques in the Bible (metaphor, narrative, typology) and about its power as kerygma.

Bronzwaer, W., et al. “Recent Studies in Literary Theory—A Survey.” Dutch Quarterly Review of Anglo-American Letters 13 (1983/4): 300–19 [305–6]. 375 words. A brief glance at Frye’s major assumptions about the mythological universe of the Bible, its teleological worldview, and its typological structure.

Bloomfield, Morton W. “The Oldest Stories.” Partisan Review 50 (1983): 633–4. 400 words. Observes that while there is a similarity between Frye’s approach and the rabbinical one (difficulties can be explained by reference to each other) there is also a difference (Frye emphasizes myth and typology at the expense of history).

Brown, Geoff. “Deciphering The Great Code.” Seed [University of Toronto] 4 (January 1983): 3. 1000 words. Praises Frye’s insights into the visionary qualities of the Bible, but believes that his treatment, if pushed too far, “threatens a fundamental denial of what the Bible claims for itself”—a communication from God to man.

Bogdan, Deanne. “From Stubborn Structure to Double Mirror: The Evolution of Northrop Frye’s Theory of

Budd, Daniel. Religious Humanism 17 (Autumn 1983): 196–7. 650 words. Outlines Frye’s approach to the

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Bible. Is concerned chiefly with the implications of this approach for Unitarians and religious humanists. Finds the most powerful part of the book to be in its coda. Burgess, Anthony. “The First Jewish Novelists.” Observer [London] (6 June 1982): 31. 220 words. A brief outline of Frye’s approach. Says that the book is “assured, urbane, witty and full of remarkable insights . . . It is a wise book.” Cahill, P. Joseph. “Deciphering The Great Code.” Dalhousie Review 63 (Autumn 1983): 412–21. 4700 words. Summarizes Frye’s views on the unity of the Bible, especially its typological unity and its imagery and style. Reflects on both the literary-critical and theological implication of Frye’s conception of the Bible, calling attention to the similarities between his views and those of other literary and biblical critics. Hopes that Frye will develop his idea that the Bible contains a vision that can create community, showing how the power of such a vision can be assimilated and absorbed. –  “The Unity of the Bible.” Biblica 65, no. 3 (1984): 404– 11. 3500 words. Reviews Frye’s arguments about the typological, metaphorical, and stylistic characteristics of the Bible. Observes that Frye’s thesis about the unity of the Bible means something different for Christians from what it means for Jews; that the Bible does not, contrary to what Frye claims, disdain history; and that it contains an existential and charismatic, as well as a poetic, vision. Hopes that Frye will clarify the relation between historical and literary criticism, between critical understanding and faith, and between the biblical and other religious visions. Caird, George. “The Bible as Fiction.” London Review of Books 4 (17 November 1982): 16–17. 1250 words. Reviews Frye’s arguments about the three phases of language and about typology as a form of biblical metaphor. Notes that despite “the richness of Frye’s treatment,” his use of the technical terms of criticism is ambiguous; and that despite the ways in which biblical language enables us to see the vision of the Bible, that vision may be false. Cameron, J.M. “A Good Read.” New York Review of Books 29 (15 April 1982): 28–31. Rpt. in Esprit 9 (September 1982): 42–52. Trans. Sylvie CourtineDenamy. 5880 words. Sees the main idea in the book embodied in Frye’s insistence that the Bible invites us to read it typologically. Believes that Frye has not adequately handled the question of the Bible’s historicity. Still, The Great Code “is a magnificent book, a necessary recall to some fundamental principles of Biblical interpretation, and a collection of problems and questions of

the first importance for critics, Biblical scholars, and the educated public in general. Frye’s architectonic power is . . . astonishing.” C[ampion], N[ancy]. Canadian Baptist 9 (October 1982): 43. Brief review. Carlisle, Thomas John. Church Management: Clergy Journal (August 1985). Carroll, Robert P. Scottish Journal of Theology 37, no. 2 (1984): 246–50. 2100 words. Provides a fairly succinct summary of the central issues treated in each of the eight chapters of this “immensely readable and stimulating” book. Cavedo, Romeo. “La superiorità della scrittura” [The Superiority of Writing]. La Vita Cattolica (5 October 1986). Rev. of the Italian trans. Cesar, Waldo. “A Bíblia sob o olhar da crítica literária” [The Bible under the Eyes of Literary Criticism]. Jornal do Brasil (26 March 2005). Rev. of the Portuguese trans. Chmiel, Jerzyy. Review of The Great Code. Ruch Biblijny i Liturgiczny 40, no. 6 (1987): 546–7. Also at ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication /324447293_NORTHROP_FRYE_The_Great_Code _The_Bible_and_Literature_London-Melbourne -Henley_1983. In Polish. “Frye in this book presents the Bible as an important source inspiration for English literature. It is impossible to understand the entire Western literature without knowledge of the Holy Bible.” Chopineaiu Jacques. Revue Belge de philologie et d’histoire 66, no. 3 (1988): 651–3. Rev. of the French trans. Cialini, Giulio. “Il grande codice indica la strada maestra” [The Great Code Indicates the Main Road]. Unione Sarda (26 July 1986). Rev. of the Italian trans. Conradi, Peter. “Master Myth.” New Statesman 103 (18 June 1982): 20–1. 480 words. Places The Great Code in the context of Frye’s total schematic framework and notes his return to the issue of literal meaning. Finds that “the polymathic scope” of the book “makes it hard to focus.” It “has an oracular tone and an eccentric unity. It abounds in small diagrams, wry asides, repetitions and discontinuities, loves to spawn arcane distinction, does not eschew the odd sermon.” Contat, Michel. “Une lecture mythologique et litteraire de la Bible” [A Mythological and Literary Reading of the Bible]. Le Monde (15 February 1985): 21. Rev. of the French trans. Cresti, Roberto. Ferri 3–4 (1987) 147–51. Rev. of the Italian trans.

Reviews of Frye’s Books, Excluding Those in the Collected Works

Crossan, John Dominic. “Literature and the Book.” Commonweal 109 (10 September 1982): 475–9. 1360 words. Places Frye’s book in the context of modern biblical criticism: it is a part of one of the two main reactions to an exclusively historical interest in the Bible. Summarizes the argument of The Great Code, finding that it hinges upon the chapters on typology. Concludes that the book lacks any real centre, and that what the study of the Bible requires is an emphasis not simply upon literature but upon history and religion as well. D’Amico, Masolino. “Bricolage biblico” [Biblical Bricolage]. La Stampa (21 August 1986). Rev. of the Italian trans. David, John. Review of Northrop Frye’s The Great Code: The Bible and Literature. Video. https://www.youtube .com/watch?v=-0zXumOjZAU. Text of the audio is at http://nicholasofautrecourt.blogspot.com/2013/09 /review-of-northrop-fryes-great-code.html. DeHart, Steven. “The Code Revealed.” Dialogue (Stanford, CA) 19, no. 3 (Fall 1986): 147–9. Delaney, Paul. “The Letter and the Spirit.” Saturday Night 97 (May 1982): 55–6. 900 words. Sees The Great Code as ideally suited to Frye’s interest in literature as myth, his impersonal theory of literature, and his rejection of value judgments. Frye “has produced a remarkably learned, magnanimous, and inventive work,” yet he sometimes pushes his method too hard and brushes aside the immediate meanings of the text. DePinto, Basil. “The Book of Life.” America 147 (28 August 1982): 96. 490 words. Praises The Great Code for its attention to language and typology. “There is scarcely anything in the book out of harmony with current, well-founded positions of biblical criticism.” Dočkal, Miroslav. “Velká kniha o velkém kódu” [Great Book about a Great Code]. Host 16, no. 5 (2000): 9–11. Rev. of the Czech trans. Dudek, Louis. “The Bible as Fugue: Themes and Variations.” University of Toronto Quarterly 52 (Winter 1982–3): 128–35. 3400 words. Comments on the ways in which Frye rejects the historical, cultural, and doctrinal approaches to the Bible, offering instead a view of the Bible that has its roots in nineteenth-century romanticism. Theologically, Frye is close to Schleiermacher, and his view of the significance of myth aligns him somewhat paradoxically with Bultmann, who claims that when the Bible is properly demythologized it reveals a meaning of universal reality. Frye “has presented a secular and highly enlightened vision of reality—roughly Hegelian in character—as though it had evolved or

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always been present in the Judaeo-Christian tradition; it is a vision that really takes us beyond religion, since it is entirely free of any faith or doctrine as usually understood.” Edinborough, Arnold. “The Books of Spring: Three Early Bloomers.” Le Devoir (17 April 1982): 38. 630 words. Points to Frye’s commentaries on Jonah and Job as examples of the insights he provides. The Great Code, which “probably will be Frye’s greatest work,” forces one to go back to the Bible itself. Einbinder, Susan. “Alter vs Frye: Which Bible?” Prooftexts 4 (September 1984): 301–8. 4000 words. Gives a detailed summary of the central arguments in each chapter. Compares Frye’s approach with Robert Alter’s in The Art of Biblical Narrative. Finds cultural anachronisms in The Great Code, thinks Frye slights the cultic aspects of the Old Testament, and believes his theory of the U-shaped structure of the Biblical narrative does not fit well with the centre-oriented idea of sacred space. But finds that Frye’s book with its insistent humanistic posture serves to help correct the prevailing currents of deconstruction. Eladan, Jacques. “La Bible: Code Littéraire.” Tribune Juive [Paris] (28 June 1985). Rev. of the French trans. Erb, Peter C. Conrad Grebel Review 1 (Winter 1983): 57–61. Evans, William R. Best Sellers 42 (June 1982): 112. 720 words. Offers brief comments about Frye’s views on language, the wisdom literature, Jesus, and the power of verbal imagination in the Bible. Fiała, Edward. “N. Frye’a zmagania z Biblia” [N. Frye’s Struggle with the Bible]. Przegląd Powszechny 3 (1985): 436–46. Rev. of the Polish trans. Fixler, Michael. “Myth and History.” Commentary 74 (August 1982): 76–80. 5000 words. After placing The Great Code in the context of Frye’s general theory of literature, turns to “the real issue the book presents us with,” which is “the Bible’s status with respect to myth and history.” Contrasts Frye’s typological approach, which makes historical concerns irrelevant, to that of modern biblical criticism: “biblical myth and typology lead Frye into a kind of Platonic . . . substitution of the greater reality of the mythic Idea the Bible incarnates for the lesser, almost negligible, accidental reality of whatever historical basis there is to the Bible.” Locates Frye’s position within a non-realist and ahistorical movement in biblical criticism and theology, a movement that Fixler is somewhat anxious about: “I for one am not certain literary criticism can provide answers to questions for

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which history still seems the arbiter . . . history can exact fearful penalties if it is underestimated.” Fry, H. Paul. “Northrop Frye’s Myth of Concern.” Yale Review 72 (July 1983): 605–12. 3250 words. Seeks primarily to uncover the religious ground upon which The Great Code, as well as Frye’s other works, rests. Believes that Frye’s criticism “reflects a poignant and rather old-fashioned crisis of modernity,” a crisis that he has tried to overcome by substituting the “stubborn structure” of literature for that loss of sacred space that characterizes modernism. Concludes that throughout Frye’s work there is too heavy a reliance on the concept of perfection: to aim at completing the cycle of romance and so to recover a lost paradise is to dismiss too easily the alienation and imperfection of life. Fulford, Robert. “Frye Holds up the Bible to Us and Says: Thought Begins Here.” Toronto Star (13 March 1982): F12. 1025 words. Places Frye’s book in the context of his career as a critic and teacher. Emphasizes that Frye’s real purpose is to suggest how the Bible “provides the very structure of our minds.” Gervais, Marty. “The Bible According to Norrie.” Windsor Star (27 March 1982). 1480 words. Records some of Frye’s responses in a telephone interview to questions about the Bible and about his own views on religion. Gillespie, Gerald. “Bible Lessons: The Gospel According to Frye, Girard, Kermode, and Voeglin.” Comparative Literature 38 (Summer 1986): 289–97. 5220 words. Observes that Frye “forcefully reinstates the widely-held Romantic view that literature is a continuation of mythmaking and that the Bible constitutes a ‘mythological universe,’ the supreme supertext of Western civilization.” Wonders whether or not Frye’s argument simply re-enacts the celebration of a familiar cultural theme. Concludes that the Bible can be read as Frye reads it but that we should not fail to remember the non-Christian visions in Western literature as well as those versions of the Christian paradigm that get incorporated into larger imaginative bodies of thought. –  “Newer Archaeologies of the Soul: Avatars of Religious Consciousness in Modern European Fiction.” Neohelicon 42, no. 2 (2015): 415–23. Globe, Alexander. “Apocalypse Now: Frye’s Vision of the Bible.” Canadian Literature 97 (Summer 1983): 182–91. Review essay on The Great Code. “Erudite, unabashedly allusive, extravagantly theoretical, often leaving specific texts unrecognizably in the background, the book is lucid and seminal, exhibiting the author’s formidable power for synthesizing masses of detail into systems that are at once elegantly simple and capable of complex intellectual

development.” Gives a detailed summary of Frye’s arguments in the separate sections of the book. Finds quintessential insights in the chapters on typology and language. Examines especially the implications of the four imaginative levels Frye develops in the final chapter. Maintains that in the fourth level—the mode of vision framed in the language of love—Frye forges “a new myth substituted for the biblical religions.” It is a vision “radically Romantic (specifically Blakean) in the imaginative sense, subjectivist or idealist in the epistemological sense, totalitarian in the ideological sense, and neoplatonic, gnostic or eastern in the philosophical and religious sense.” Comments finally on the problems that The Great Code raises for historical, non-idealist approaches to the Bible. Gold, Joseph. “Biblical Symmetry: The Gospel According to Frye.” Dalhousie Review 63 (Autumn 1983): 408–1. 1900 words. Faults The Great Code for being too Blakean, too Hegelian, and too visionary. Says that the book lacks attention to detail and, thus, falls outside the current trends of biblical literary criticism. Believes that Frye’s expansive use of certain key terms (e.g., “myth,” “body,” and “love”) collapses the distinctions necessary for argument. –  “Review Essay.” English Studies in Canada 9 (December 1983): 487–98. 5500 words. Believes that in its efforts to blend theology and literary criticism Frye’s book fails. It is a “mystical kind of pseudo-theological poetic vision-without-poetry.” Finds that Frye’s terminology is particularly confusing because it is too expansive. Much of the review is devoted to faulting the book for what Gold perceives as Frye’s anti-Jewish sentiment. Gorlier, Claudio. “Archetipi vo cercando” [Archetypes You Are Looking For]. Panorama (7 September 1986). Rev. of the Italian trans. Gould, Allan M. “Professor Publishes Second Masterpiece of a Glorious Career.” Thomson News Service, 23 April 1982. 680 words. Appeared also with the title “The Great Code a Second Masterpiece.” Gives a brief summary of Frye’s views on the authorship of the Bible and comments on the book’s structure and its value. “El gran código.” Mundaiz 35 (June 1988): 134. Rev. of the Spanish trans. Grant, George. “The Great Code.” Globe and Mail (27 February 1982) [Entertainment section]: 17. 1500 words. Rpt. as “Northrop Frye” in The George Grant Reader, ed. William Christian and Sheila Grant. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998. 357–61. Greenstein, Edward L. Melton Journal 16 (Spring–Summer 1983): 15, 24. 1100 words. Sees the

Reviews of Frye’s Books, Excluding Those in the Collected Works

strength of the book in Frye’s making us “appreciate the extent to which metaphors and images are used and re-used in the Bible, the extent to which even the Hebrew Bible rewrites itself.” Hamilton, A.C. “The Bible as a Key to All Art.” Whig–Standard Magazine [Kingston, ON] (1 May 1982): 18. 2000 words. Outlines Frye’s purpose and summarizes the book’s content, with special attention to his account of the three phases of language. Believes Frye’s “reading of the Bible will triumph over any shortcomings and errors Biblical scholars may find in it because it is not based on reason, social anxiety or prejudice but is the product of a fully imaginative response that is active and informed.” Hammond, Gerald. Critical Quarterly, 25, no. 2 (1983): 5–20. Hart, Steven de. “The Great Code Revealed.” Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 19 (Fall 1986): 147–9. Hellgardt, Ernst. Germanistik 24 (1983): 313–14. 260 words. Judges The Great Code to be “fully original” compared with the discussions of typology in German and French criticism after 1945. Frye’s finding an independent position between the literalists and allegorists and between theological criticism and traditionalism provides a fresh look at the Bible for the twentieth-century reader. Helwig, Maggie. “A Big Book on The Big Book.” Arthur [Trent University] (April 1982). 450 words. Comments briefly on the book’s general conception and approach. Hill, Edmund, O.P. New Blackfriars 64 (February 1983): 89–92. 2020 words. Gives two reasons why The Great Code is valuable from a theological point of view. First, it attacks the fundamentalist assumption that the language of the Bible is demotic or descriptive; and second, it “shows up the absurdity of the division, or even separation that has been allowed to develop between scriptural scholarship and dogmatic theology.” Hook, Janet. “Anatomist of Criticism Confronts a ‘Huge, Sprawling, Tactless Book’—the Bible.” Chronicle of Higher Education (27 October 1982): 19–20. 2780 words. Summarizes the book’s major concerns and places its arguments in the context of Frye’s other work, especially Anatomy of Criticism. Gives the initial reactions to the book by J.M. Cameron, Geoffrey Hartman, and others. Hopkins, Dewi. ‘A Glasse of Blessings.’ Home 37 (December 1983): 3–5, 12–14. 2300 words. Gives a general introduction to Frye’s approach. Finds that he equivocates on the question of whether the Bible is true, which for the reviewer is regrettable.

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Horne, Brian L. Heythrop Journal 24 (1983): 432–3. 850 words. Finds the book “a refreshing corrective to the excessive historicism of most of the work of modern biblical scholars,” but complains that Frye’s method of identifying the imagery of the Bible leads to improprieties, that he emphasizes too much the unity of the Bible, and that his style “obscures more than it reveals.” Jarret-Kerr, Martin. “Word within a Word.” Manchester Guardian 126 (27 June 1982): 21. 250 words. Except for Frye’s “wise remarks about Bible-translation” and his concluding “paean to freedom and love,” finds little in the book to recommend it. Jeffrey, David L. “Encoding and the Reader’s Text.” University of Toronto Quarterly 52 (Winter 1982–3): 135–41. 3700 words. Maintains that The Great Code is closer to “a treatise in hermeneutical theology” than to literary criticism, and observes that Frye’s caveat that the book expresses his “personal encounter” with the Bible pre-empts objective discussion of his claims. Goes on to argue, however, that Frye emphasizes typology at the expense of history. “A biblical view of history appears to be essential for a reading of the biblical text.” Frye, however, neglects this view of history and the result is an interpretation that reflects his own subjectivity. A further problem is Frye’s “semantic and rhetorical sleight of hand,” which obfuscates the obvious. Johnson, Pegram, III. Historical Magazine of the Protestant Episcopal Church 52 (March 1983): 91–3. 950 words. Comments on Frye’s understanding of biblical language and typology. Praises the breadth and depth of his application of the Western literary tradition to the study of the Bible. Johnston, Alexandra F. Presbyterian Record 106 (October 1982): 32–5. 1530 words. Consists largely of an outline of Frye’s approach and a summary of the eight chapters. Kattan, Naïm. “A Grand Passion.” Books in Canada 11 (June–July 1982): 12–14. Appears also as ‘La Bible scion Northrop Frye” in Le Devoir (12 June 1982): 17, 32. 1650 words. Sees The Great Code as Frye’s “most important work” and also “his most personal.” Observes that for Frye the Bible, rather than the world of objects or the world of imagination, is what explains “the foundations of the religious mind.” Gives a summary of Frye’s attitudes about language, history, metaphor, and myth as these relate to the Bible. Contrasts Frye’s career to that of Malraux, who found the secret of the world in art. For Frye “the Word is both the puzzle and the solution.” Kearney, Richard, SJ. Studies 72 (Summer 1983): 190–2. 1300 words. Calls The Great Code “a remarkable achievement, wide-ranging, eclectic, prolific, elegantly

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written and easily accessible to the non-specialized reader,” but it is a book “not without its faults.” Judges it to be too open-ended, quasi-Hegelian, and indeterminate, and argues that it fails to distinguish clearly between the socio-historical, mythological, and psychological levels of human conditioning, thus ignoring fundamental questions. Kenner, Hugh. “Imaginative Proclamation.” New York Times Book Review 87 (11 April 1982): 10–11, 28. 1350 words. Concentrates on Frye’s beginning with the assumption of the Bible’s unity and on his explanation of literal meaning. Says that no one has shown with “such cogent energy as Frye” that the Bible is “our paradigm of all linguistic working, all interpretative challenge.” Kermode, Frank. “The Universe of Myth.” New Republic 186 (9 June 1982): 30–3. 2000 words. Believes that The Great Code is a work “of very great distinction,” but that its staying power will depend more on the imaginative constructs it builds than on its bringing to consciousness the assumptions lying behind the Bible. The force of the book is therefore more figural than mimetic, less sceptical than poetic. It constitutes Frye’s “own antitype of the Bible.” Kermode devotes some space to summarizing Frye’s position on biblical language, typology, and the narrative phases, all of which are presented “with the full force of Frye’s authority, and with all the old expressive power.” Kilpatrick, Ken. “An Exciting List of Book Titles for the Fall.” Spectator (22 August 1981): 46. Brief note. Kirss, Tina. “The Great Code: A Review Article.” Crux: A Quarterly Journal of Thought and Opinion 19 (December 1983): 18–26. 6350 words. Gives a detailed summary of Frye’s approach to his subject and of the book’s contents. Finds that The Great Code provides a provocative new way to read the Bible, but thinks that Frye is sometimes too cavalier about biblical scholarship, that his emphasis on centripetal meaning too readily dismisses history as a legitimate concern and elevates human recreation above divine creation, and that his commitment to the principle of metaphorical identity collapses the differences between such things as biblical vision and Eastern consciousness. Knelman, Judith. “The Great Code.” The Graduate [University of Toronto] 9 (May–June 1982): 7–10. 2150 words. Feature story on Frye, written on the occasion of the publication of The Great Code. Comments on the inception, writing, and production of the book. Includes biographical anecdotes. Kružík, Josef. Tvar 11, no. 11 (2000): 23. Rev. of the Czech trans.

Landon, Philip J. “Frye Finds in the Bible a Mythic, Thematic Unity.” Baltimore Sun (4 June 1982). Langenhorst, Georg. www.theologie-und-literatur.de; April 2009. Rev. of the German trans. Lee, Alvin. “Towards a Language of Love and Freedom: Frye Deciphers the Great Code.” Paper presented as a symposium on The Great Code at Emmanuel College, University of Toronto, 1 October 1982. 24 pp. Photo­ duplicated typescript. Levine, Herbert J. “How Many Bibles?” Georgia Review 36 (Winter 1982): 900–4. 2200 words. Contrasts Frye’s The Great Code with Robert Alter’s The Art of Biblical Narrative, books that exist “in utterly incompatible universes of discourse.” The former is theoretical and deductive, and it points beyond history; the latter is empirical and inductive, and it points into history. Looks at the different ways these two critics treat the creation story in Genesis. Points to Frye’s emphasis on the metaphorical identification between God and man and the community of vision in which individuality is of little importance. Lindon, M. “La bibbla como gran codigo literario” [The Bible as a Great Literary Code]. Quimera 51 (1986): 42–5. Rev. of the Italian trans. Linka, Jan. “Léčba Fryem” [Frye Treatment]. Souvislosti 1 (43) (2000). Rev. of the Czech trans. Lísias, Ricardo. “Na análise da Bíblia, um ato de liberdade contra toda barbárie” [In Biblical Analysis, an Act of Freedom against All Barbarism]. Prosa & Verso 9 (October 2004). Rev. of the Portuguese trans. Loudon, John. Parabola 7 (August 1982): 104, 106, 108. 1600 words. Consists largely of a summary of the book. Believes that Frye errs in slighting the Bible’s “rootedness in actual historical events” and that the Bible cannot really be approached in Frye’s cool, dispassionate way. McConnell, Frank. The Wilson Quarterly 6 (Special Issue 1982): 138–9. 470 words. Describes briefly Frye’s mythic approach to the Bible, which is said to be a welcome alternative to the widespread methods of contemporary criticism, which lack any intellectual and emotional response to literature. McDade, John, SJ. “The Bible as Literature.” The Month 224 [15 ns] (September 1982): 320–1. 830 words. Reviews Frye’s claims about the imaginative coherence of the Bible, and judges the book to be an excellent introduction to the Bible for both theologians and literary critics.

Reviews of Frye’s Books, Excluding Those in the Collected Works

Maddux, Percy. Crossroads [Winnipeg] (26 May 1982). Brief notice. Magesa, L. African Ecclesial Review 25 (April 1983): 128. 550 words. Says that Frye “provides a very rewarding approach towards a basic understanding of the Bible,” especially the relation of its language to that of Western literature and to the oral tradition. Mandel, Eli. “Tautology as Truth and Vision.” Canadian Forum 62 (September 1982): 30–1. 1580 words. Observes that for all of the arguments carried forth in The Great Code and for all of the knowledge it embodies, it remains a prefatory book; that Frye’s arguments about the unity of the Bible and syntactic, centrifugal meaning “are not so much concerned to deny all allegorical meaning of the Bible as to cut off its historical roots”; that, similarly, Frye’s conception of literal meaning and its relation to myth and metaphor is radically anti-historical; and that Frye’s “argument for the authority of vision and faith” is built upon the tautological structure of the double mirror. Manicorn, David. “Frye Finds Code in Bible Language.” The Mike [St. Michael’s College, University of Toronto] (16 March 1982): 8. 1000 words. Finds Frye’s reflections on biblical language to be stronger than his speculations about the cultural influence and ultimate meaning of the Bible, especially as presented at the end of each chapter. Believes the book’s principal accomplishment is Frye’s account of the principles of imagery and typology that arise out of metaphor. Mariani, Georgio. “Metafore e miti: Una lettura centripeta” [Metaphors and Myths: A Centripetal Reading]. Com nuovi tempi 14 (24 May 1987): 12. Rev. of the Italian trans. Markowski, Michal Pawel. Pamiętnik Literacki 3 (1988): 340–53. Martin, David. “‘Behold, I Make All Things New.’” Times Higher Education Supplement (23 July 1982): 12. 2900 words. Sees The Great Code as a structuralist, agnostic reading of the Bible. It is a book “of rare insight and intellectual beauty,” yet it is somewhat too loose in granting the play of almost any meaning and too absolute in denying all demythologizing. Still, Frye’s interpretation and the exegesis of believers “arrive at the same mode of understanding,” the principles for which Martin provides general summaries. Martin, James P. Touchstone: Heritage and Theology in a New Age 1 (May 1983): 42–3. 630 words. Contrasts Frye’s approach to that of historical criticism. Judges his

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method to pose “new vistas for research, imagination and the fusion of paradigms for Biblical study.” Mauro, Walter. “Se si legge la Bibbia anche come letteratura” [If You Read the Bible Also as Literature]. Il Popolo (20 August 1986). Rev. of the Italian trans. Medcalf, Stephen. “A Blakean Bible.” Listener 108 (23 September 1982): 23. 1150 words. Sees Frye’s vision of the Bible as “detached from factuality.” Judges his thesis about the phases of language to be “generalised and slipshod,” and his avoidance of the truth of the Bible “impoverishes his book.” Still, Frye “writes marvelously,” especially on the notions of eternity and on his own beliefs, even though his writing is closer to theology and poetry in these places than it is to literary criticism. Medhurst, M.J. Quarterly Journal of Speech 27, no. 2 (1991): 214–26. Mehnert, Gottfried. Literatur in Wissenschaft und Unterricht 18 (1985): 80–2. Meo, Baldo. “Li piacere della Bibbia” [The Pleasure of the Bible]. Rinascita (4 October 1986). Rev. of the Italian trans. M[essic], P[enelope]. Booklist 78 (15 June 1982): 1350. Brief notice. Morgan, John Hanly. Unitarian Universalist World (15 August 1982). 300 words. Brief review, summarizing Frye’s idea of the biblical order of words. Moritz, A.F. “The Great Code.” Brick 18 (Spring 1983): 5–7. 2900 words. Disagrees primarily with Frye’s assumption that the Bible should be regarded as a unified whole and with his attention simply to the literary dimension of the Bible. Morley, Patricia. “Vintage Northrop Frye: Worlds out of Words.” Quill & Quire 48 (May 1982): 35. 1000 words. Sees The Great Code as a “massive compendium of philosophy, theology, social theory and aesthetics” that relies upon the Socratic method of argument. Newell, A.G. Evangelical Quarterly 57 (April 1985): 188–9. 740 words. Says that the book “contains sparkling insights which shed light in places where evangelicals rarely venture” but faults Frye for sometimes pontificating and being too flippant. This last attitude “must cast some doubt on Frye’s moral seriousness.” New York Times 132 (5 December 1982): sect. 7, p. 30. Nuttall, A.D. Modern Language Review 78 (October 1983): 882–3. 850 words. Gives a brief summary of Frye’s thesis about the shape of the biblical narrative, but worries about his lack of interest in fact and historicity.

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O’Malley, Thomas P. America 151 (10 November 1984): 306. Pachet, Pierre. “Comment lire la Bible quand on n’y croit pas” [How to Read the Bible When You Do Not Believe It]. Quinzaine littéraire 432 (1985): 20. 1030 words. Rev. of the French trans. Observes that the principal attraction of Frye’s position is his ironic point of view, his democratic spirit, and his wide learning. Thinks that the book will be difficult for French readers but that reading it will be worth the effort. Regards Frye’s treatment of the Bible as a literary text as minimizing the differences between canonical and non-canonical texts. Says that the great virtue of the book is that it makes one want to read the Bible and connect it with other literature. Payne, Michael. “Recent Studies in Biblical Literature.” Papers on Language and Literature 23 (Winter 1987): 89–103 [89–90]. Penna, Romano. “L’influenza della Bibbia sulla letteratura occidentale” [The Influence of the Bible on Western Literature]. L’Osservatore Romano (31 August 1986). Rev. of the Italian trans. Phillips, E. Harrell. “The Bible’s Literary Framework.” Jackson Sun [Tennessee] (15 August 1982): 5B. 900 words. Sees The Great Code as a “provocative and helpful” dialectic that bridges the gap between literary and biblical critics, and places Frye’s book in the context of the several kinds of biblical criticism. Summarizes Frye’s chapters on language, typology, and myth. Poland, Lynn. “The Secret Gospel of Northrop Frye.” Journal of Religion 64 (October 1984): 513–19. 2300 words. Places The Great Code in the context of Anatomy of Criticism and shows how both, with their emphasis upon romance and myth, oppose themselves to New Critical theory and to the way it has influenced biblical studies. Finds a dual thrust running throughout the book. On the one hand, Frye anatomizes the Bible’s myths and images, showing how they fit into the total “order of words”; the Bible is a structurally unified work that provides for the properly distanced observer the code to Western culture. On the other hand, Frye engages the Bible, seeing it as a mysterious, visionary text that can transform the consciousness of its readers. Finds that Frye treats history, as he treats the relation of the imagination to human experience, ambiguously. But the ambiguity is resolved in Frye’s theory of polysemous meaning. Concludes that The Great Code “properly belongs within the tradition of scriptural exegesis, of theological hermeneutics.” His reading of the Bible, while heretical, is not esoteric, for he intends, by showing that literature is religion, “to make priests of us all.”

Porter, Stanley E. Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 27 (March 1984): 102–3. 980 words. Finds the book to be challenging and brilliant but is bothered by Frye’s manipulation of the text, his anti-historical sentiments, his ambiguous theologizing, and his “post hoc mythic interpretations of various passages.” Pratt, William. World Literature Today 58 (Winter 1984): 172. 680 words. Gives a brief summary of Frye’s approach and central claims. “Frye’s word is not the last word on the Bible, certainly, but it is one that is likely to prove lasting.” Preston, Richard J. “The Spirit, the Code, and Critical Interpretation.” Culture [Canadian Ethnology Society] 2, no. 2 (1982): 125–6. 900 words. Comments especially on the importance of The Great Code for anthropologists, because of the clarity and scope of Frye’s synthesis, his understanding of language, and the broad range of his inquiry into Western thought and imagination. Quarterly Journal of Speech 77 (May 1991): 225. Read, Stanley. “Intellectual Giant Decodes the Bible.” Vancouver Sun (21 May 1982): L29. 1080 words. Largely biographical information about Frye, along with some scattered quotations from the book. Richardson, Peter. “Cracking the Great Code, or History Is Bunk.” Dalhousie Review 63 (Autumn 1983): 400–7. 3700 words. Sees Frye’s understanding of modern biblical criticism, especially the redaction and canonical critics and those working with social science methods, as limited. Maintains that Frye elevates theory at the expense of history; that such bias reflects the simplistic view of early-twentieth-century interpreters; that his assumptions about the causality of the Bible are not sustained by historical investigation; that his pattern of the seven phases of biblical narrative are close to dispensationalism; and that he errs in not looking first at the individual parts of the Bible before developing his generalized theory. Ridd, Carl. Studies in Religion/Sciences religieuses 11, no. 4 (1982): 446–8. 1500 words. Chiefly a description of Frye’s central purpose (to answer the question of the literal meaning of the Bible) and of his schema of the three phases of language in chapter 1. Sees the final chapter as proposing “the most radical hermeneutic subversions”: here Frye “shows the kerygma operating to create the imagination that can imagine it, and that has imagined it.” Believes the greatest strength of The Great Code is “the synoptic power and lucidity” of the whole book. Ridolfi, Mario. “Il grande codice secondo Frye” [The Great Code according to Frye]. Unione Sarda (20 September 1986). Rev. of the Italian trans.

Reviews of Frye’s Books, Excluding Those in the Collected Works

Robbins, Vernon K. Quarterly Journal of Speech 71 (August 1985): 383–6. 2600 words. Contrasts Frye’s views on the metonymic and metaphoric functions of biblical language, his method of centrifugal analysis, and his emphasis on typology, with Robert Alter’s approach in The Art of Biblical Narrative. Says that Frye’s “system is something of a merger of a demythologizing approach and a salvation history.” Points to Frye’s insistence on the priority of metaphor to metonomy, and of myth to historical prose fiction, in the interpretation of the Bible. Robertson, Elizabeth. “Supreme Fiction.” English 41 (Autumn 1982): 274–81. 3000 words. Sees Frye’s book, along with Robert Alter’s The Art of Biblical Narrative, as an important contribution of literary criticism to biblical scholarship, which has too long neglected the insights that literary critics might bring to the study of the Bible. Gives an overview of the The Great Code and calls special attention to Frye’s discussion of myth. Robinson, Joseph. “Bible Language.” Church Times (10 September 1982): 6. 525 words. An appreciation of The Great Code, “one of those rare books that stimulate thought.” Maintains that Frye gets beyond the “objective” approaches to the Bible and shows us how language functions “to open up to us the Bible as Bible.” Rodd, C.S. “Talking Points from Books.” Expository Times 94 (October 1982): 1–3 [2–3]. 1000 words. Notes the similarity between Frye’s view of the Bible and that of the “canonical critics” among biblical scholars. Believes these scholars should take note of the book, even though its approach through imagination, its return to levels of interpretation (a re-introduction of allegory), and its insistence on the autonomy of the text (a flight from history) will seem dangerous to some and will not appeal to all. Rovit, Earl. Library Journal 107 (1 June 1982): 1097. 145 words. Brief review. Says the book is “tightly but clearly argued” and “almost endlessly provocative.” Rubić-Kovačević, Nela. Godišnjak institute za kijiževnost [Sarajevo] 16 (1987): 330–3. Salzano, Giorgio. “La Bibbia come codice di metafore.” Il Tempo (24 July 1986). Rev. of the Italian trans. Santagostini, Mario. “Da Dio al Demonio” [From God to the Devil]. L’Unità (9 July 1986). Rev. of the Italian trans. S[chell], R[ichard] D. Spenser Newsletter 13 (Fall 1982): 51–6. 2900 words. Sees The Great Code as epistemologically prior to Frye’s other books and as representing the fruits of his claims that the Bible is the bedrock of all literary experience, that historically descriptive accounts

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of the Bible are insufficient, and that the metaphoric unity of narrative and image are prior to doctrine and abstract argument. Observes that despite Frye’s wanting to distance himself from issues of belief, a strong apologetic, even evangelical, tone runs throughout; that the uniqueness of Frye’s encounter with the Bible lies in his treatment of typology; and that “the thrust of each chapter is towards a vision of the integration of all humanity in one universal creative imagination.” Schiller, Bill. “The Bible: An Analysis.” Windsor Star [Ontario] (13 March 1982). 750 words. Brief overview of Frye’s approach, along with a sampler of isolated insights. Schindler, Marc. ‘Northrop Frye on Scriptural Literalism.” http://www.members.shaw.ca/jschindler/frye_1.htm. Schott, Webster. “Bible, Codebook to Western Culture.” Plain Dealer [Cleveland, OH] (17 October 1982). 850 words. Emphasizes Frye’s point that the Bible has seeded Western culture. The Great Code “may be one of the most provocative books ever written about the Bible. No one has ever stated so broadly the literary debt we owe to it.” Calls the book “a work of staggering scholarship and dazzling insight.” Schwab, Gweneth B. Christianity & Literature 33 (Fall 1983): 87–9. 1200 words. Observes that The Great Code embodies several different perspectives: rhetorical, psychological, socio-historical, and sacred. Sees the key to Frye’s approach in his definition of the word “literal.” Summarizes Frye’s views on language, typology, imagery, and myth as they apply to the Bible. Calls The Great Code “a monument of literary criticism,” adding that it “should be more significant in the history of the study of literature than Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism.” Sheehan, John F.X., SJ. “An Appreciation of Northrop Frye’s The Great Code.” Renascence 3 (Spring 1983): 203–16. 5000 words. Singles out a series of Frye’s epigrams, ideas, and more or less isolated insights, and adds to these his own somewhat free-flowing and autobiographical commentary. “Northrop Frye may be the last educated man. He has written a truly remarkable book. Its erudition is staggering.” Smith, Nicholas. Review of English Studies 142 (May 1985): 302–3. 670 words. Refers to The Great Code as “a final discovery or repetition of the meaning of all of [Frye’s] preceding texts . . . a handbook which offers the key to the great code” of his own work. Contrasts Frye’s rhetoric of authority with the scepticism of deconstruction, the self-referential views of language, and “the laborious elusiveness of contemporary critical strategies.”

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Smith, R.C. Canadian Book Review Annual, 1982. Ed. Dean Tudor and Ann Tudor. Toronto: Simon & Pierre, 1983. 228–9. 560 words. Gives a summary of the book’s contents. Says The Great Code is “a most interesting and perceptive work and should be read by anyone interested in the meaning of the Bible or its relationship to culture, life and thought.” Sparshott, Francis. Philosophy and Literature 6 (October 1982): 180–9. 4500 words. Argues that “by academic standards” The Great Code is “an appallingly bad book.” Believes that Frye has not argued convincingly that the Bible is the central document informing Western culture. Disagrees with Frye’s imaginative and visionary conception of literature, preferring the nominalist view, and faults Frye for both substituting “critical construction for poetic particularity” and confusing “the functions of the critic and the minister of the gospel.” Examines Frye’s chief themes and finds that they all fall short in convincing us that the Bible has uniquely determined our common literary vision or is essential to our understanding of literature. Stern, Laurent. Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 41 (Spring 1981): 340–3. 3200 words. Compares Frye’s approach to that of Robert Alter (in The Art of Biblical Narrative), maintaining that Alter will shed more light on a given biblical text than Frye. Argues that when Frye does engage in “literal reading” his interpretations illuminate concepts in literary criticism rather than biblical texts. Cites in this regard Frye’s reading of an episode in I Samuel and his view about the focus of the Preacher’s message in Ecclesiastes. Believes that Frye’s assumption about the unity of the Bible is illusory, for it brackets out the contradictions and conflicts in the text. What Frye teaches us is not so much about the Bible as about language, metaphor, and myth, about the way the Bible has been understood, and about literary theory. Stiegman, Emero. “Discovering the Bible.” University of Toronto Quarterly 52 (Winter 1982–83): 141–9. 3900 words. Judges Frye’s achievement in The Great Code to be “immense” and thinks that he succeeds in his central arguments about the way the Bible should be read, about its influence upon our thinking, and about its “appropriateness as a locus and source of literary theory.” The Great Code “tells us what those who once knew meant by speaking of the West as a Christian culture, making such meaning available to those who deny in honest ignorance and to those who affirm in less honest wistfulness.” Sees Frye’s chief and prophetic proposal to be his revision of the concept of “literal” meaning. Centres much of his commentary, however, on his reservations about Frye’s remarks on theology and history. Argues

that The Great Code does contain a theological position, Frye’s demurrers notwithstanding; that his views on inspiration and on the relation between biblical and oriental thought are one-sided; and that his understanding of “tradition” has not adequately taken account of current understanding of the term. Stock, R.D. Spirituality Today 35 (Fall 1983): 282–4. 510 words. Thinks that Frye is excellent on some matters, such as sin and repentance, but finds that his abstract theorizing blurs crucial distinctions. Suggests that such critics as T.S. Eliot, Dorothy Sayers, C.S. Lewis, and Rudolf Otto are better critics of the Bible because of the energy of their active belief. Stoneburner, Tony. Anglican Theological Review 66 (April 1984): 188–90. 1000 words. Complains that Frye is more interested in schemata than in illuminating biblical episodes and that this work lacks focus because he dismisses the historical character of biblical narrative. “Den store koden [The Great Code]. http://www.bibel bussen.no/index.php?artikkel=den%20store%20koden. Rev. of the Danish trans. Stuewe, Paul. “Aids to Cracking the Critic’s Code.” Toronto Star (12 May 1990): M8. “In keeping with this new role in the public limelight, some of Frye’s recent publications have been written with a broader than usual audience in mind. In his introduction to The Great Code: The Bible & Literature, Frye explains that one of his intentions is to provide a kind of intelligent reader’s guide to both the book itself and its impact on subsequent literary developments. But The Great Code also has several weighty theoretical issues on its agenda, most of which derive from his influential 1957 treatise, Anatomy of Criticism. As a result, its text often seems to be steering a rather perilous course between general popularization and narrowly focused specialization.” Summerlin, Charles T. “Cracking the Code: A Review of Northrop Frye’s The Great Code.” Lamar Journal of the Humanities 18 (1985): 52–5. Swanston, Hamish F.G. “Needs Encouragement.” The Tablet 236 (3 July 1982): 773–4. 975 words. Thinks Frye does not really sustain the claim about the imaginative coherence of the Bible. His thesis rather has to do with the liberating power of biblical language. Finds this thesis fanciful and unpersuasive and Frye’s prose impenetrable and solipsistic. Szilágyi, György. “Northrop Frye: Kettős tükör; Az ige hatalma” [Northrop Frye: The Double Mirror; Words with Power]. Vigilia 63 (April 1998). Rev. of the Hungarian trans.

Reviews of Frye’s Books, Excluding Those in the Collected Works

Takahashi, Yasunari. “The Bible and Literary Criticism.” Gakuto 79 (September 1982): 8–11. In Japanese. Timson, Judith. Chatelaine 55 (May 1982): 6. Brief review. Tóth, Sára. “És az alma naranccsá lett: [And the AppleTurned Orange (Northrop Frye: Kettős tükör: A Biblia és az irodalom).” Magyar Narancs (19 December 1996). Rev. of the Hungarian trans. Tredell, Nicholas. “Anatomy of Scripture.” PN Review 9, no. 4 (1982): 80–1. 1440 words. Notes that Frye’s book is not simply a commentary on the Bible but also “an oblique commentary on Western culture and civilization, and an indirect statement of Frye’s own broad, genial humanism.” Sees the last chapter as an ironic dissolving of the order that the previous chapters have established as characteristic of biblical rhetoric and structure: “the great achievement” of the last chapter is the paradigm shift Frye makes “from a centralized to a decentralized perspective,” which reveals the Bible’s disunity along with its unity and illustrates that the Bible, like The Great Code itself, “is a work of anatomy and bricolage.” Trickett, Rachel. “The Rhetoric of Revelation.” TLS (2 July 1982): 712. 2000 words. Contrasts Frye’s approach with Coleridge’s: Coleridge is always relating the Bible to his own experience, whereas Frye claims neither belief nor disbelief, purporting to let the text speak for itself. Observes, however, that “some of the most wise and striking insights Frye has to offer are, ultimately, about human experience . . . there are few critics today who, like Frye . . . can touch so unerringly on the deepest concerns of the heart and the imagination.” Says that the initial chapter, on language, is the least successful because it is based on assertion and inadequate evidence. Sees the basis of Frye’s approach in his belief that the primary function of literature is to keep recreating the metaphorical phase of language, his equating myth and story, and his opposition to demythologizing the Bible. Tucker, Mary Curtis. “Shakespearean Comedy, The Great Code, and the Myth of Deliverance.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the South Atlantic Modern Language Association, Atlanta, GA, 10 November 1984. 11 pp. Photoduplicated typescript. Turner, Darrell. “The Bible Is Also Literature.” Anchor [Fall River, Manitoba] (8 April 1983): 8. 1320 words. In an article on the recent attention being given to the literary criticism of the Bible, glances briefly at The Great Code. Ungaro, Joan. Village Voice 27 (20 April 1982): 41. 600 words. Provides a brief overview of Frye’s central thesis (“myth and metaphor are the true literal bases of the

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Bible; the Bible therefore requires a more complex theory of meaning than do other books”), and calls attention to the epigrammatic quality of Frye’s prose. Utzschneider, Helmut. Theologische Literaturzeitung 134, no. 1 (January 2009): 29–31. Rev. of the German trans. Vajchr, Marek. “Velký kaleidoskop” [Great Kaleidoscope]. Kritická příloha 17 (2000): 70–9. Rev. of the Czech trans. Vattamány, Gyula. “Northrop Frye mint az univerzális kritika-tudomány apologétája” [Northrop Frye as an Apologist for Universal Critical Science]. Holmi 11, no. 1 (January 1999): 132–7. Rev. of the Hungarian trans. Wagner, Peter. Quinquereme 8, no. 1 (1985): 93–5. 1200 words. Summarizes the book’s chief themes. Believes that Frye has achieved what he intended, but finds shortcomings in his restricting his examples to belles-lettres and in the absence of a scholarly apparatus. Watt, Bill. The Newspost (18 December 1982): 6. 325 words. Complains that the book is “without any substance and is, at best, an exercise . . . in nothing more than sophistry.” Weightman, John. “The Word, with or without God?” Times Educational Supplement (17 September 1982): 30. 1900 words. Devotes most of the review to trying to uncover Frye’s own religious stance in order to explain why Frye attributes transcendental power and meaning to imaginative structures. Is not convinced by Frye’s main thesis, which is said to involve a reconciliation between faith and doubt. Frye “appears to add just another idiosyncratic gloss to a text already over-encrusted with dubious interpretation.” Wells, David A. “German Studies: Medieval Literature.” In Year’s Work in Modern Language Studies, ed. Glanville Price and David A. Wells. London: Modern Humanities Research Association, 1983. 727–8. 250 words. A brief account of the organization of Frye’s topics. Says that “medievalists will find encouragement and confirmation in particular from Frye’s chapters on typology, where his ability to stand back from a traditional methodology and point to its wider literary and cultural significance reinforces our understanding of the vital role of the Bible in the Western imagination.” West, J. Year’s Work in Modern Language Studies 44 (1983): 727–8. Westra, Haijo Jan. Mittellateinisches Jahrbuch 21 (1986): 308–12. Wheeler, Charles B. “Professor Frye and the Bible.” South Atlantic Quarterly 82 (Spring 1983): 154–64. 5100

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words. Is severely critical of Frye’s assumptions, methods of argument, and conclusions. Claims that Frye’s views on language are “moonshine,” that his use of myth is reductive, that his concept of typology is loose (in his phases of revelation he has done “nothing more than identify most of the standard biblical literary genres”), that his chapter on imagery is more or less conventional, and that his “obsession with pattern-making” produces a text that, however provocative and dazzling, is “tiresomely exhibitionistic.” Isolates several propositions that cause Frye to brush aside too easily the relation of the Bible to the real world and to dismiss too readily biblical scholarship. In short, finds that Frye is “self-indulgent,” and that the imaginative vision of The Great Code is “claustrophobic.” Frye has turned the Bible “into a transcendental metaliterary vade mecum for mad metaphorists.” Wiebe, Donald. “The ‘Centripetal’ Theology of The Great Code.” Toronto Journal of Theology 1 (Spring 1985): 122–7. Willard, Thomas. Arizona Quarterly 38 (Autumn 1982): 280–3. 1600 words. Understands the original element in The Great Code as Frye’s treatment of typology, the rhetorical device that “lends the Bible’s stories and symbols to re-creation.” Outlines the view of typology set forth in The Great Code as well as the typological structure of the book itself. Sees the task Frye has set for himself as showing that the shift from the order of the Word to the order of the Spirit does not mark the end of Western culture. Thus, Frye’s position is similar to that of Joachim di Fiore. The Great Code illustrates, following Blake’s Everlasting Gospel and Milton’s “The word of God in the heart,” that typology is “the model of modernism and revisionism in Western culture.” Williamson, Karina. Notes & Queries 31 (June 1984): 288. 600 words. Observes that Frye’s book is just one of a flurry of recent studies of the Bible by secular critics, all of them coming at a time when the notion of the author-centred view of the text is crumbling. Comments briefly on the categories of Frye’s synthesizing approach. Believes it is possible “to admire and learn from the play of his dazzling critical intelligence even while remaining sceptical of the system within which it operates.” Wilson, A.N. “A Little Help in Reading the Bible.” Telegraph [London] (24 March 2008). http://www.telegraph .co.uk/comment/columnists/anwilson/3556517/A-l ittle-help-in-reading-the-Bible.html. Withrow, Brandon G. The Discarded Image (13 December 2009). http://www.discardedimage.com/?p=283. “A tight, literary-critical look at the Bible.”

Woodcock, George. “Frye’s Bible.” University of Toronto Quarterly 52 (Winter 1982–3): 149–54. 2500 words. Discusses The Great Code in relation to its cultural context and to the general body of Frye’s work. Finds that it is linked to his religious background, the English dissenting tradition; that it is a typically Protestant book; and that its forebear is Frazer’s Golden Bough. Believes “the Bible is an excellent subject for Frye’s kind of critical investigation” because it is a storehouse of myth, it pays little attention to questions of authorship and the creative process, and it is impossible to evaluate qualitatively, there being no aesthetic criteria to apply to the whole. Says that for Frye the code or structure is the most important thing in the Bible, and finds, therefore, an absence of empathy in Frye’s reading and no sense of the verbal beauty and historic power of the Bible. Woodman, Ross. “From the Belly of the Whale: Frye’s ‘Personal Encounter.’” Canadian Poetry 10 (Spring–Summer 1982): 124–31. 4100 words. Stresses the authority of Frye’s personal encounter with the Bible, which is to be understood as an encounter with the myth of identity or metaphor. Examines in some detail the implications of Frye’s view of metaphor, the ultimate one being that it leads to an enlightened, open community of vision whose informing principle is charity. Sees the moment of enlightenment in Frye’s vision of the Bible as similar to Paul’s in 2 Corinthians 12. Looks also at the strong revolutionary slant in this vision and suggests that The Great Code could have been written only by an English-Canadian Protestant. Goes on to observe the connections between the social concerns in Frye’s Blakean, Miltonic, and (in some respects) Arnoldian vision and his essays on Canadian culture in Divisions on a Ground. Wurtzel, Judy. “Canadian Scholar Tries Different Interpretation.” Richmond News Leader (4 August 1982): 7. 650 words. Glances at Frye’s approach to the Bible, especially his analyses of language and typology. “A personal, idiosyncratic, difficult, and exciting book” and “an extraordinary piece of criticism.” Wuthnow, Robert. Communication Research 15 (June 1988): 318–38. Yamagata, Kazumi. Eigo seinen [The Rising Generation] 128 (December 1982): 36. In Japanese. Emphasizes the connection between biblical hermeneutics and critical theory. Regards The Great Code as the development of Anatomy of Criticism, and typology as an effective way of viewing polysemantic reality as oneness. Zamora, Zedro. http://www.centroseut.org/articulos/r1 /resen002.htm. Rev. of the Spanish trans.

Reviews of Frye’s Books, Excluding Those in the Collected Works

Zecchi, Stefano. “Le radici dell’invenzione.” Il Giornale (26 October 1986). Rev. of the Italian trans. 16. Harper Handbook to Literature [With Sheridan Baker and George W. Perkins]. New York: Harper & Row, 1985

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B., R. “Whidden Lectures.” Saskatoon Star Phoenix (9 November 1967). 150 words. Brief review. The Modern Century “presents a brilliant and, perhaps, sometimes bewildering array of ideas and observations on our modern society.”

American Literature 57, no. 3 (October 1985): 538.

Baragli, E. La Civilità Cattolica 123, no. 2 (1972): 515. 135 words. Brief rev. of the French trans.

17. Mito metafora simbolo. Trans. Carla Pezzini Plevano and Francesca Valente Gorjup. Rome: Editori Riuniti, 1989

Bo, Carlo. “Frye e i surrogati della religione” [Frye and the Surrogates of Religion]. L’Europeo (25 September 1969). Rev. of the Italian trans.

Guardiani, Francesco. Quaderni d’italianistica 11 (Spring 1990): 168–9.

Bornstein, Stephen. “Frye’s Moral Attack on Modernism.” The Varsity [University of Toronto] (10 November 1967): 10. 1850 words. Understands Frye’s central theme to consist “essentially of the assertion of the appalling hideousness of modern existence and the crucial role of the arts in the regeneration of North American life” and his point of view to be that of an “enflamed moralist.” Sees running throughout Frye’s analysis of modern technological culture a commitment to religious humanism, voluntarism (improvement requires a change in the human will), and idealism. Frye’s emphasis on the arts as a means of reshaping modern mythology is seen as an antidote to the technological determinism of McLuhan.

18. The Modern Century. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1967 For reviews of the Collected Works edition, vol. 11, see chapter 7. Anonymous. Booklist 64 (15 March 1968): 82. Brief notice. –  British Book News 336 (August 1968): 634. Brief notice. –  Bulletin critique du livre français 291 (March 1970): 283. 160 words. Brief rev. of the French trans. Sees the interest of the book in the fact that Frye has gone beyond the analysis of literary works to examine critically most of the aspects of contemporary society. –  Chatelaine 41 (March 1968): 6. Brief notice. –  Choice 5 (September 1968): 760, 762. Brief notice. –  Christian Century 86 (4 June 1969): 786. Brief notice. –  Kirkus Service 35 (15 September 1967): 1172. 220 words. Comments generally on Frye’s typical critical approach. Sees The Modern Century as offering “a genuinely sound and attractive summing up” of the twentieth century. –  Library Journal 92 (1 October 1967): 3542–3. Brief notice. –  Publishers Weekly 193 (12 February 1968): 86. Notice. –  Revue Philosophique de la France et de l’Étranger 164, no. 3 (1974): 348–9. –  “Short Shrift.” Louisville Courier–Journal (17 March 1968): E6. Brief notice. –  “The Unborn Canada.” Manas 21 (21 February 1968): 3, 8. 1680 words. Isolates several of Frye’s themes for special commentary: the idea of progress, McLuhanism, and technology. –  Western Business & Industry (Spring 1968): 57. 330 words. Lists some of Frye’s themes and quotes brief passages from the concluding chapter.

Brigg, Peter. Canadian Reader 9, no. 5 (1967): 8–9. 210 words. Gives a brief summary of the themes of Frye’s three chapters. “This book will outlast the flash of its Centennial origins to become a guidebook for the future of Canada.” Brittin, Norman A. Southern Humanities Review 3 (Winter 1969): 109–10. 520 words. Summarizes Frye’s views on the alienation of man and woman in modern society and on the ways in which the arts actively respond to their apprehensions and to the passivity of modern life. Capo, James A. “McLuhan.” Catholic World 207 (1986): 137–8. 320 words. A brief review that summarizes Frye’s views on technology, art, and leisure. Frye’s “reflections should speak to all who suspect that life is more than owning the latest car.” Ceraolo, M. Adelaide. “Cultura e miti del nostro tempo.” Il Torchio (27 June 1969). Rev. of the Italian trans. Cone, Edward T. American Scholar 37 (Summer 1968): 522. Brief notice, under the “Recommended Summer Reading” heading. Says The Modern Century offers “a salutary antidote to creeping McLuhanism.” Daniells, Roy. University of Toronto Quarterly 37 (July 1968): 439–41. 800 words. Has misgivings about the way in which Frye’s program for recreating society is to come about. Sees Frye’s argument in the last chapter as

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a masque of reason that raises more questions than it answers.

most of the review to complaining that Frye has slighted the French-Canadian tradition.

De Feo, Italo. “Cultura e mass media.” Radiocorriere (17 May 1969). Rev. of the Italian trans.

Evans, J.A.S. “Books of the Month.” Commentator [Toronto] 12 (January 1968): 28. Brief notice.

De Turris, Gianfranco. “Cultura e miti del nostro tempo.” Roma (28 August 1969). Rev. of the Italian trans.

Flamm, Dudley. Books Abroad 42 (Summer 1968): 445–6. 650 words. Summarizes the three chapters. Judges the final chapter to be the weakest because of Frye’s too heavy reliance on the arts to solve the modern spiritual crisis.

Dickstein, Morris. “The Critic as Sage: Northrop Frye.” In Double Agent: The Critic and Society. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. 81–91. Reprints “U. and Non-U,” the next entry. –  “U. and Non-U.” Partisan Review 36 (Winter 1969): 153–6. 1600 words. Says The Modern Century “is a work of high commitment, diagnostic and prescriptive rather than professorial, a tract for the times” that shows Frye moving from scholar to sage and engaging in the politics of culture. Judges Frye’s politics to be that of “an old-fashioned liberal humanist.” What Frye does offer is his Blakean faith in the will of individuals to change, but his program for an alliance between art and the universities remains too disinterested and abstract and too far removed from what is actually happening on campuses. Dubois, Pierre. Revue philosophique 164 (July–September 1974): 348–9. 330 words. Brief review that summarizes the three chapters. Dudek, Louis. “The Kant of Criticism.” Canadian Literature 38 (Autumn 1968): 77–81. 1600 words. Finds the redeeming virtue of The Modern Century to be that it is more open and flexible than the Kantian system in Anatomy of Criticism. Says the book is “brilliant” in its texture, wit, development, and ideas. Is most fascinated by the way in which Frye applies his method to “the raw materials of life” rather than to literature. Is not convinced, finally, that Frye’s Blakean myth of innocent vision, which he sets over against the modern myth of the tiger, is the saving myth for the modern age, and thinks that Frye’s liberal humanism does not provide the kind of critique that both society and literature now need. Duffy, Dennis. “The Too-Well-Tempered Critic.” Tamarack Review 46 (Winter 1968): 115–20. 1150 words. Believes that Frye’s apprehensions about modern culture conceal as much as they reveal, that his understanding of contemporary life is deadeningly abstract, that he fails to engage in a genuine psycho-social critique of the modern world, and that his visionary solution in the last chapter is composed mostly of unconvincing maxims. Ethier-Blas, Jean. “Un realisme pessimiste.” Le Devoir (18 January 1969): 14. 1250 words. Rev. of the French trans. Points to Frye’s lack of interest in nationalistic themes in his study of the cultural order, but devotes

Fulford, Robert. “Northrop Frye: Where We Are Now.” Toronto Star (13 January 1968): 34. 750 words. Notes that the core of Frye’s argument is that the worn-out structure of modern society needs to be created anew. Judges the book to be “one of the most distinguished books produced by a Canadian in recent years.” Frye’s “personal sense of culture, so wide and so deep, has never been more directly displayed.” Fiorito, Riccardo. “Cultural e miti del nostro tempo.” Rinascita (4 April 1969). Rev. of the Italian trans. Girorda, Giuseppe. “Nuove pubblicazioni.” Il Messaggero (22 May 1969). Rev. of the Italian trans. G., C. “Cultura e miti del nostro tempo.” Uomini e libri (May 1969). Rev. of the Italian trans. Hamilton, Alice. Dalhousie Review 47 (Winter 1967–8): 595, 597. 725 words. Briefly summarizes the three chapters. Characterizes the book’s argument as romantic insofar as Frye believes that the poets are the only ones who understand what we are and how we must act. Says that the problem with Frye’s argument is that without some moral and rational criteria the judge the myths created by the imagination, we have no way to decide whether our commitments are right or wrong. –  “Man—His World and His Myths.” Winnipeg Free Press (28 October 1967): 15. 950 words. Believes the first chapter is by far the strongest in the book because of its acute analysis of contemporary individual and social ills. The last two chapters are more sporadic; and in finding in art an answer to the problems of the modern age, the book ends weakly. Thinks that Frye fails when he elevates the power of the imagination over moral and rational judgment. Hewett, A. Phillip. Ferment (March 1980): 23–4. 1050 words. Discusses primarily Frye’s contention that the arts can provide an answer to the problems of passivity, propaganda, and technology in the modern world. Johnston, Alice. “Myths of the Day.” Montreal Gazette (7 October 1967): 25. 290 words. Brief review outlining Frye’s central thesis. Sees the book itself as an example of creative art.

Reviews of Frye’s Books, Excluding Those in the Collected Works

Jones, Howard Munford. English Language Notes 6 (March 1969): 230–5. 1950 words. Finds that Frye’s views on urban life are sweeping generalizations that should be qualified by a more careful attention to the positive civic, social, and scientific achievements of the modern world. Thinks that Frye’s analysis of the twentieth century as a tragic, self-destructive age arises from the “literary fallacy,” the fallacy that assumes the arts are the best interpreters of society. Says Frye has neglected to consider how medicine, science, business, and other products of rationality have improved the lot of modern humanity. The kind of new society Frye envisions is only “a kind of genial (or congenial) open-ended pattern of anarchy put together by the disgruntled.” Kattan Naïm. “Littérature étrangerè: Notre siècle tel que la voit Northrop Frye” [Foreign Literature: Our Century as Northrop Frye Sees It]. Liberté 10 (March–April 1968): 39–41. 1200 words. Consists largely of a summary of the book’s three chapters. Believes that Frye finally does not give an answer to the problems of the twentieth century. “The book does give supplementary proof to the richness of his thought but also to its limits.” “By stressing only the great value of the imagination, Frye tends to minimize, and sometimes even to ignore, the power of things.” –  “Présentation du Northrop Frye . . . ou l’anti-McLuhan” [Introducing Northrop Frye . . . or the Anti-McLuhanite]. Le Devoir (23 November 1968): 11. Replies to sixteen questions about the relationship of literature to life, the social function of criticism, and the connection between mythology and religion, among other things. The interview with Naïm Kattan took place on the occasion of the French translation of The Modern Century. L., S.G. “Assessing Contemporary Culture.” Muenster Prairie Messenger (13 July 1969). 250 words. Brief account of topics Frye covers. Lanti, Aldo. “Cultura e miti del nostro tempo.” Messaggero Veneto (4 May 1969). Rev. of the Italian trans. Maddocks, Melvin. “William Morris and the Utopia Game.” Christian Science Monitor (28 December 1967): 9. 200 words. Comments briefly on The Modern Century, placing Frye’s vision in the context of various utopian and dystopian visions. Review devoted primarily to a biography of William Morris. Marabini, Claudio. “Cultura e miti del nostro tempo.” Il Resto del Carlino (24 June 1969). Rev. of the Italian trans. O’Leary, Dillon. “The Age through Its Art.” Ottawa Journal (30 December 1967): 26. 750 words. Thinks that Frye’s

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central theme—that the modern century is, more than any other, an age of anxiety and disillusionment—will not stand up under critical scrutiny. History provides much evidence that these qualities are a part of human fate. Although The Modern Century is “a brilliant exercise in literary criticism,” Frye’s approach is too narrow, for it relies almost exclusively on art as the yardstick by which to measure the present age. P., P. “Il mito del progresso.” La Notte (28 August 1969). Rev. of the Italian trans. Palmieri, Franco. “Aspettando la fune” [Waiting for the Rope]. Avanti! (10 April 1969). Rev. of the Italian trans. Pautasso, Sergio. “Il critico e il moralista Northrop Frye” [Northrop Frye, the Critic and the Moralist]. Il Bimestre (March–April 1969). Rev. of the Italian trans. Pignotti, Lamberto. “Gli schiavi tecnologici” [The Technological Slaves]. Paese Sera (4 July 1969). Rev. of the Italian trans. Poisson, Roch. “Northrop Frye prone l’angoisse” [Northrop Frye: Prone to Anguish]. Photo-Journal 18 (27 August 1969): 46. 500 words. Rev. of the French trans. Sees Frye’s extolling the intellectual attitudes of doubt and anxiety as representing a particularly American point of view. Says that Frye is to English Canada as Fernand Dumont is to Quebec. Pontaut, Alain. “Quand Northrop Frye se penche” [When Northrop Frye Bends Over]. La Presse [Montreal] 84, no. 268 (16 November 198): 25. 1250 words. Rev. of the French trans. Primarily a summary of Frye’s thesis, which is judged to be original, accessible, and clearly presented. R., L. “Cultura e miti del nostro tempo.” Città di vita (July–August 1969). Rev. of the Italian trans. Ricks, Christopher. “Dead for a Docket.” Listener 79 (9 May 1968): 610–11. 150 words. Comments briefly on Frye’s view of mythology, which is said to make everything in art come out as “fresh and nourishing and homely” rather than as “old and enduring and alien.” Rigoni, Andrea. “Cultura e miti del nostro tempo.” L’Osservatore Romano (14 April 1969). Rev. of the Italian trans. Rosenbaum, S.P. “Wit and Scope from a Mythic Mind.” Globe Magazine [Toronto] (21 October 1967): 26. 540 words. Comments on Frye’s rejection of McLuhan’s determinism and his broad rejection of mythology. Saltini, Vittorio. “Mitologia dell’arte e della vita” [Mythology of Art and Life]. L’Espresso (25 May 1969). Rev. of the Italian trans.

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Sayre, Robert. College English 30 (December 1968): 264–6. 1450 words. Also appears as “Morality and the Intellectual.” Middle Earth 1, no. 16 (1968): 10, 14. Places Frye’s argument in the context of the crisis in the universities. Thinks Frye comes close to answering the questions raised by the crisis because of his fresh conceptual framework: the balance between detachment and concern. Outlines Frye’s views on the myth of concern and the difference between open and closed mythologies. Schiller, David. “Critical Myth.” Commentary 46 (September 1968): 97–100. 2000 words. Examines The Modern Century in the context of Anatomy of Criticism and The Educated Imagination. The book is an example of ethical criticism, which points towards the creation of a community of human freedom. Believes, however, that Frye’s “description of the modern situation ignores those political or historical facts which are the causes and the consequences of alienation and anxiety.” Frye’s effort fails finally because he has no vocabulary for political action and because he devalues politics. His mythical mode of thought reduces him in the end to an ironic silence in the face of the vision of the ideal city. Stackhouse, Reginald. “On Books.” Canadian Churchman 95 (February 1968): 15. 430 words. Short summary of the central themes of The Modern Century. Tató, Giovanna. “Cultura e miti del nostro tempo.” L’Adige (10 May 1969). Rev. of the Italian trans. Torre, G.G. “Cultura e miti del nostro tempo.” L’Italia che scrive (June 1969). Rev. of the Italian trans. Wolverton, Charles. “Progress—A Devastating Analysis of the Cultural Message of Modern Society.” Vancouver Province (10 June 1967). 640 words. Considers the implications for Canadian society of Frye’s critique of the idea of progress. Frye provides “some evaluations and devaluations of the age and his nation’s place in it.” Z., A. “Technology’s Threat to Freedom Worries Modern Critic.” Calgary Albertan (24 February 1968). 590 words. Urges Canadians to take notice of the remedies Frye outlines for recreating a sense of freedom in a technological age. 19. Myth and Metaphor. Selected Essays, 1974–1988. Ed. Robert D. Denham. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1990 Ashley, L.R.N. Bibliothèque d’Humanisme et Renaissance 55, no. 2 (1993): 353. Brief notice.

Power (page 5), Northrop Frye is one of the best and most readable of literary critics. Admirers turn to his Anatomy of Criticism as much for the pleasure of its prose as for its persuasive, indeed majestic, account of literary modes and patterns. That book and Fables of Identity are still the best places to discover Frye, but virtually any of his essays and addresses reveal the easy-going capaciousness and orderliness of his encyclopedic mind. Those gathered in this recent volume reflect on such matters as ‘The Journey as Metaphor,’ current literary and linguistic scholarship, the Bible and works as various as Wagner’s Parsifal, Castiglione’s Courtier and Finnegans Wake.” Christian Century 108 (29 May–5 June 1991): 601–2. Donoghue, Denis. “Mister Myth.” New York Review of Books 39 (9 April 1992): 25–8. Dörrbecker, D.W. Blake: An Illustrated Quarterly 25 (Summer 1991): 20–1. On the essay “Blake’s Bible.” Farrell, John. Harvard Review 2 (November 1992): 229–31. Fischer, Michael. “Themes, Topics, Criticism.” American Literary Scholarship. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1992. 406. Brief notice. Funegawa, Kazuhiko. Sophia: Studies on Western Culture and East-West Cultural Exchange 52, no. 4 (September 2004): 151–3. Rev. of the Japanese trans. The Griffin 41 (April 1991): 8. Introducing the book as a selection of the “Readers’ Subscription.” Guardiani, Francesco. “Northrop Frye e il potere della parola” [Northrop Frye and the Power of the Word]. Quaderni d’italianistica 12, no. 1 (1991): 133–42. Findlay, L.M. “The Divine Legation of Northrop Frye.” English Studies in Canada 19 (June 1993): 161–78. Forst, Graham. “Indestructible Core.” Canadian Literature 130 (Fall 1991): 187–8. Hamilton, A.C. “Northrop Frye on Myth and Metaphor.” Queen’s Quarterly 98 (Summer 1991): 402–8. Hart, Jonathan. “Frye’s Anatomizing and Anatomizing Frye.” Canadian Review of Comparative Literature/ Revue Canadienne de Littérature Comparée 8, no. 1 (March–June 1992): 119–33. Kermode, Frank. “The Children of Concern.” English Studies in Canada 19 (June 1993): 195–9.

Atkins, G. Douglas. ADE Bulletin (Winter 1992): 52–6.

Meagher, John C. Religion & Literature 24 (Summer 1992): 83–90.

Book World (Washington Post) (23 December 1990): 13. “As Alfred Corn notes in his review of Words with

O’Hara, Daniel T. Journal of Modern Literature 19 (Spring 1996): 467–8.

Reviews of Frye’s Books, Excluding Those in the Collected Works

Russell, Ford. Christianity and Literature 40 (Summer 1991): 396–8. Spector, Robert D. World Literature Today 65 (Spring 1991): 372. Vandervlist, Harry. Recherches sémiotiques/Semiotic Inquiry 13, no. 2 (1993): 205–15. Watts, John D.W. Review and Expositor 89 (1992): 569. Wilson Quarterly 15 (Spring 1991): 96. Yan, Peter. “Frye Concludes a Fearful, Mythic Journey.” The Varsity 8 (January 1991): 13. 20. The Myth of Deliverance: Reflections on Shakespeare’s Problem Comedies. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1983 For reviews of the Collected Works edition, vol. 28, see chapter 7. Anonymous. Choice 19 (December 1982): 216. Brief notice. –  Choice 20 (October 1983): 143. Brief notice. –  Whig–Standard Magazine [Kingston, ON] (15 October 1983). Brief notice. Ashley, L.N.R. Bibliothéque d’Humanisme et Renaissance 46, no. 2 (1984): 433–4. 560 words. Says that although Frye’s arguments about Shakespearean comedy are familiar to readers of his other works, these lectures “are as solid as those of the same author’s studies” of Shakespeare’s tragedies. Baxter, John. University of Toronto Quarterly 53 (Summer 1984): 419–21. 880 words. Thinks that Frye’s neat tripartite division of the reversals in the problem comedies breaks down, especially in chapters 2 and 3. Believes that he should have considered the principles of action and energy together, for they (and their reversals) are both present in Measure for Measure. Says that the mechanical symmetry of Frye’s scheme is most apparent in the third chapter: it is not at all clear that “reality” is reversed in such plays as Troilus and Cressida. Bolshakov, V. Referativnyi Zhurnal Obÿswcestvennye Nauki v SSSR, Ser. Vii. Literaturovedenye [Moscow] 6 (1984): 19–21.

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Forst, Graham. “Word Centred.” Canadian Literature 102 (Fall 1984): 69–71. 770 words. Contrasts Frye’s approach to Shakespeare’s problem plays with that of E.M.W. Tillyard. Frye’s approach is to read the plays in terms of the conventions of their comic structure rather than to measure them against some standard of reality. Summarizes Frye’s argument about the three kinds of reversals. French, William. “Autumn Book Lists Laced with Enticing Titles.” Globe and Mail (27 July 1982). Brief notice. Kastan, David Scott. “The Triumph of Comedy.” TLS (17 February 1984): 163. 960 words. Observes that the argument of the book enacts the myth of deliverance it seeks to define, “reversing the critical fortunes of the problem plays to permit the recognition of their secure plan within Frye’s comic ‘mythos.’” The Myth of Deliverance, therefore, embodies Frye’s own “constructive desire,” and while it tells us little about the particularities of Shakespeare’s plays, it does reveal “the power of his visionary understanding of literature.” Knowles, Richard Paul. English Studies in Canada 11 (June 1985): 237–43. 2400 words. Finds the book to be both satisfying and frustrating. It is frustrating because Frye devotes so little direct attention to the plays themselves, “so cavalierly dismisses readings of the plays that have proven convincing in the study and on the stage,” and fails to develop carefully his arguments, which are highly qualified at that. But if one accepts Frye’s own assumptions and method, the book is illuminating. Gives a rather detailed outline of Frye’s thesis in each of the three chapters. Thinks that the book does not measure up finally to the best of Frye’s Shakespearean criticism. Still, the fact that it was written by Frye is enough to recommend it. O’Hara, Dan. Criticism 26 (Winter 1984): 91–5. 700 words. Finds that the book contributes nothing new either to Frye’s ideas about comedy or to Shakespearean scholarship. The tone, manner, and spirit of the book are, in fact, “souvenirs of a style of critical production no longer available to us in the profession now,” and the book illustrates somewhat poignantly how Frye’s career and his own conventions as a writer are more important in the production of his texts than in the particular value of its arguments.

Choice 21 (October 1983): 276.

Peschmann, Hermann. Times Educational Supplement (27 April 1984): 25.

Daniell, David. Year’s Work in English Studies 64 (1983): 205–6. 350 words. Sees The Myth of Deliverance as a “welcome appendix” to Frye’s influential Shakespearean criticism. Summarizes his thesis about the different reversals in the problem comedies.

Rose, Michael. The Fulcrum [Ottawa] (24 November 1983). 230 words. Judges Frye to have made no contribution “either to a science of literature properly understood or to the interpretation of texts.” Says that The Myth of Deliverance is “distinctly unmemorable.”

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Siegel, Paul N. English Language Notes 22 (September 1984): 70–3. 1200 words. Reviews Frye’s contribution to the study of Shakespearean comedy in “The Argument of Comedy,” Anatomy of Criticism, and A Natural Perspective, in which Frye works like a comparative anatomist. These studies have left their impact on subsequent discussion of the plays. But in The Myth of Deliverance “the new insights . . . are comparatively sparse and the old insights are not developed.” Believes that Frye “did better with the problem comedies” in “The Argument of Comedy” and Anatomy of Criticism. Spiers, Logan. “The Myths and Visions of Northrop Frye.” English Studies 4, no. 6 (1983): 518–23. 2650 words. Finds that Frye’s method in The Myth of Deliverance is like that of his other books: he seeks to classify literary works according to their type. Believes that this procedure violates the reader’s experience. Moreover, “the ‘structures’ that Frye groups round himself at any given moment are always more real to him than the literature he has read.” Glances at what Frye says in a number of his books in an effort to show that what he says about literature has no connection with the experience of literature. Wheeler, Richard P. “An Affirmation of Literary Faith.” Shakespeare Quarterly 35 (Autumn 1984): 365–8. 2570 words. Finds the level of argument continuous with Frye’s other criticism of Shakespearean comedies, though The Myth of Deliverance closes the gap between the voices of detachment and engagement found in A Natural Perspective. Discusses the correspondence Frye locates between the experience and the structure of the plays, reversal and recognition being the key structural elements in the myth of deliverance. Thinks Frye has not really confronted the thematic, structural, and affective qualities that have caused others to call Shakespeare’s late plays “problem comedies.” Does not find the kind of release and fulfilment that Frye finds in the conclusions of Measure for Measure and All’s Well That Ends Well, but tends to agree that Troilus and Cressida does embody the theme of deliverance. Points to Frye’s “eloquent affirmation” about the relation between literature and life in his concluding remarks about The Tempest. –  Studies in English Literature 24 (Spring 1984): 373–406 [378–80]. 21. Mythologizing Canada: Essays on the Canadian Literary Imagination. Ed. and intro. Branko Gorjup. Ottawa: Legas, 1997 Henry, Richard. “World Literature in Review: English.” World Literature Today 72, no. 3 (Summer 1998): 629.

Murray, Heather. Canadian Literature 165 (Summer 2000): 133–5. Maclean’s 112 (1 January 2000): 242. 22. A Natural Perspective: The Development of Shakespearean Comedy and Romance. New York: Columbia University Press, 1965 For reviews of the Collected Works edition, see vol. 28, see chapter 7. Akrigg, G.P.V. “Well-Spun Scheme.” Canadian Literature 27 (Winter 1966): 69–71. 900 words. Admires most “the series of brilliant insights” Frye’s work affords, but finds his obsession to categorize and erect neat paradigms to be irritating. Frye’s method causes him to twist Shakespeare’s plays to fit his pre-established schemata. When Frye writes about such things as the relation of criticism to experience, enjoying Jonson, sentimentality, and Shakespeare’s handling of operatic themes, he is stimulating, but one should be aware of “the danger of listening too credulously to a seductive spinner of schemes.” Andrae, Irmgard. Bücherei und Bildung 18, nos. 11–12 (1966): 925. 240 words. Brief summary of Frye’s approach, which is said to be similar to that of E.Theodor Sehrt in his essay “Wandlungen der Shakespeareschen Komödie.” Andrews, Alan. Dalhousie Review 46 (Spring 1966): 112–14. 570 words. Sees A Natural Perspective as a book that “demands that we revise upward our assessment of Shakespearean comedy.” Is disappointed that, although Frye makes a gesture towards the theatrical approach to Shakespeare, he “reverts to the category of structure” to explain the plays. Praises Frye’s style and “his profound engagement with his subject.” Anonymous. “As They Like It.” TLS (12 August 1965): 698. 600 words. Gives a clear summary of Frye’s position on the self-contained structure of Shakespeare’s comedies, their creating a unity of mood and an imaginative model of desire, and their non-allegorical effect. Believes Frye’s position is “beautifully built” but not above criticism. “The most damaging counter-attack might be a neo-Bradleian one: an insistence that Shakespeare’s comedies do frequently and inevitably remind us of humans behaving in a moral context. –  Booklist 61 (1 May 1965): 854. Brief notice. –  Choice 2 (September 1965): 385. Brief notice. –  Quarterly Review 303 (October 1965): 467. 150 words. Brief note that judges A Natural Perspective to be a dogmatic book that doesn’t get much beyond “academic pigeon-holing.”

Reviews of Frye’s Books, Excluding Those in the Collected Works

–  Ums Equipe 5 (1967). Brief notice of the German trans. –  “Why Comedy?” The Economist 216 (14 August 1965): 615. 600 words. Finds the book “so unobtrusively well-organized and so alluringly readable that its hard substance may actually be overlooked.” Summarizes Frye’s structural approach to this substance. Thinks Frye is at his best when he concentrates on the theatrical nature of Shakespeare’s comedies, and praises the third chapter on the typical structure of the comedies as being especially “brilliant.” A[rnold], A[erol]. Personalist 47 (Summer 1966): 430–3. 1150 words. Notes that the book continues Frye’s theory of comedy begun in Anatomy of Criticism. Finds his arguments to be tendentious, and says the book is filled with misreadings. The book’s failures are related to its virtues, “for what interests one in Mr. Frye is his speculative daring”: he dares to create a system, like Blake’s. Thinks that this system arises from the deep-felt need for the idea of rebirth, a need that Shakespeare himself did not have. Bache, William B. “Two Essay-Reviews.” Quartet [West Lafayette, IN] 11 (Summer 1966): 25–6. 500 words. Believes that although Frye ranges over Shakespearean comedy “with much knowledge and with great urbanity” his elaborate theory is finally reductive because it fails to grapple in depth with the particular details of the plays. Barber, C.L. Shakespeare Quarterly 22 (Winter 1971): 68–70. 1350 words. Places A Natural Perspective in the context of Frye’s larger purpose, which is not to prove a theory but to pursue a vision. Is distressed that in all of his writing about Shakespeare Frye never gets down to examining the details of individual plays and never turns his eye towards “the mimesis of actualities.” Judges Frye to be finally a critic in the mould of Robert Burton and Sir Thomas Browne—one who spins out his own imaginative actions and “high but half-inscrutable designs.” Even though these designs are Frye’s specialty, A Natural Perspective is finally “not very successful in his mode”: so much of it is a restatement of what Frye has said elsewhere. Barrish, Jonas. Studies in English Literature 6 (Spring 1966): 362–4. 780 words. Although Frye’s relentless classifying tends to make one weary, his arguments “do, in fact, allow for nuances within individual works, and so serve to sustain and enrich our remembered experience of the plays.” Sees A Natural Perspective as causing us to dig more deeply into the work. Summarizes the four chapters. Praises Frye’s uncoercive approach: “it does not aim to legislate our responses but to understand their multiplicity, discriminate them, and legitimize them.”

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Brower, Reuben A. “Myth Making.” Partisan Review 33 (Winter 1966): 132–6. 1900 words. Sees Frye’s strength in the cautionary statements he makes in the first two chapters, but thinks that when Frye says that Shakespeare had no values or principles beyond those of dramatic structure, he runs the danger of leaving no place for significance at all. Believes that the analogies Frye finds between Shakespeare’s plays and ritual lead to the conclusion that “all plays are one universal Play, that there are no individual meanings, but only the Meaning.” Claims that the ritual analogies, once they have been located, lead nowhere and that the mythical forms Frye finds in the plays give one a “sense of monotony and critical busy-work.” Bryant, J.A., Jr. English Language Notes (3 December 1965): 134–6. 750 words. Summarizes Frye’s argument about the difference between Ben Jonson’s and Shakespeare’s plays. Says that while there will be objections to a number of Frye’s principles and claims, the objections should not “diminish the importance of the book,” because “it describes accurately something essential about Shakespearean comedy” and is “rich in incidental insights.” Buitenhuis, Peter. “Northrop Frye’s Iliad: The Alexander Lectures, 1965–1966.” Varsity Graduate 12 (June 1966): 2, 4–6, 8, 10, 98–100. A detailed and thorough summary of Frye’s lectures, published as A Natural Perspective. Calve, Hans. Englische Literaturbeobachtungen (March 1967). Brief notice of the German trans. Carruth, Hayden. “People in a Myth.” Hudson Review 18 (Winter 1965–6): 607. 1575 words. Sees Frye’s emphasis on the conventional quality of Shakespeare’s comedies as pernicious because it leads to a split between art and experience, between aesthetic and moral values. Although many of Frye’s insights about the comedies are “genuinely enlightening,” he pushes his position too far, with the result that he becomes ruled by his own system. Frye’s Shakespeare ends up as a poet who “had no aim in writing [the plays] beyond the creation of conventional structures.” Cogswell, Fred. “Frye on Shakespeare.” Fiddlehead 65 (Summer 1965): 70. 180 words. Brief review that observes that the book is witty and ingenious but that it is a “rigid application” of the thesis contained in Anatomy of Criticism. The problem with Frye’s position is that it disregards value. Dodsworth, Martin. “Hit or Myth.” Manchester Guardian (18 June 1985): 8. 420 words. Brief review in which Frye is said to be most persuasive in arguing that Shakespeare “displays an operatic or balletic interest in the

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plot of his comedies which is indulged at the expense of character-study.” Fuzier, Jean. “Shakespeare et autour: Critique Shakespearienne.” Les Langues Modernes 60 (1966): 212–15. 400 words. In French. Complains that Frye is unable to see the connection between art and life, that his approach to Shakespeare’s plays from “a middle distance” is the wrong approach, and that the tone of his style wavers between the popular talk and the academic dissertation. Hawkes, Terrence. Yale Review 56 (Summer 1967): 363–5. 800 words. Thinks that “despite their brilliance and energy, Frye’s arguments tend to lose their own hold on the ‘concrete’ experience of the plays so quickly, dissolving into abstractions whose goal seems to be symmetry rather than sympathy.” Hugelmann. Hans. Neue Bücherei 3 (1967). Brief notice of the German trans. Kermode, Frank. “Deep Frye.” New York Review of Books 4 (22 April 1965): 10–12. Rpt. in Kermode, Continuities. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1968. 116–21; partially rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism, vol. 24, ed. Sharon R. Gunton. Detroit: Gale Research, 1983. 213–14. 2200 words. Provides a long introduction to Frye’s general critical principles, for the issues they raise are present in A Natural Perspective. Says that in seeking to take Shakespeare’s plays back to their mythical and ritual origins, or at least back to New Comedy, Frye is writing “regressive criticism about plays he finds to be regressive.” In the process, one begins to lose sight of the differences among the plays. Says that “what finally invalidates Frye” is the absence in his work of the reality principle. In general, accepts Frye’s special insights but rejects his theoretical system. L[evin], H[arry]. Comparative Literature 17 (Summer 1965): 278–9. 1000 words. Believes that Frye’s “emphasis on the chthonic side of comedy may be acceptable as a counterpoise to the over-intellectualization of many theorists. Despite his a priori method and straining of terms, Frye is best in his outlining of the master patterns in Shakespeare’s plays, and his study extends and complements the work of C.L. Barber.” Longford, Christine. “Bottom’s Dream.” Irish Times (12 June 1965): 8. 900 words. Somewhat random remarks on Shakespeare’s late plays. Glances briefly at Frye’s approach. Disagrees that the last plays are the climax of Shakespeare as a poet. Maxwell, J.C. Notes & Queries 211 (April 1966): 152–5. 260 words. Thinks that “much of the interest of the book lies in what it says about comedy and its assumptions.”

Poirier, Michel. Études anglaises 19 (July–September 1966): 292. 300 words. Says that Frye’s conversational and animated remarks are “sometimes brilliant, sometimes digressive,” and that the book is “remarkable for the frequency and soundness of the many analogies it establishes.” Is especially attracted to the second chapter on the objectivity of Shakespeare’s plays as opposed to those of Jonson. Prouty, Charles Tyler. University of Toronto Quarterly 35 (July 1966): 405–7. 850 words. Has difficulty with the book because of Frye’s shifting terms, his references to obscure plays Shakespeare is assumed to have known, and his errors of fact. Thinks that Frye offers a number of sane judgments, especially in chapter 2, but his effort “to organize all of Shakespearean comedy in terms of ritual and myth” is too rigid a procedure. Rockas, Leo. Criticism 9 (Summer 197): 298–301. 1460 words. Says that reviewers of A Natural Perspective such as Frank Kermode and Reuben Brower nod with approval at the insights of the book, but argues that this is to miss the identity at the endpoint of what Frye is up to: what is at stake is whether criticism is discrete and analytic or whether it can also be synthetic. Proposes then to examine the book in terms of the structural theory of comedy. Observes that the book is an amplification of the theory of myths in Anatomy of Criticism, though Frye has introduced the additional character type, the idiotes, and has revised his pairing of the four mythoi. Thinks Frye needs to justify these revisions better than he has done. Siegel, Paul N. Shakespeare Studies, vol. 2. Ed. J. Leeds Barroll. Cincinnati, OH: University of Cincinnati, 1966. 330–2. 1700 words. Believes that Frye’s “chart of Shakespearean comedy . . . will be the basis for more detailed maps” because of the “immensely suggestive” ideas put forth about such matters as the amoral clown, the power and harmony of nature, the period of confusion and sexual licence, the irrational society at the beginning of the plays and the discovery of identity at the end, and the anti-comic themes and moods. Does quarrel, however, with the blurring of distinctions that results from Frye’s method: it can do “violence to a play by pushing it out of shape in fitting it into a system.” Says, too, that Frye is sometimes “cavalier with regard to other approaches and modes of analysis.” Srigley, M.B. Studia Neophilologica 38, no. 2 (1966): 375–8. 1700 words. Judges Frye to have “performed a herculean task well and provocatively.” Gives an overview of Frye’s arguments in each of the four chapters. Wonders if Frye’s outline of the basic structure of Shakespeare’s comedies is really broad enough to encompass the

Reviews of Frye’s Books, Excluding Those in the Collected Works

tragedies as well. Says that occasional disagreement with Frye’s arguments “in no way detracts from the value of this pioneer work.” 23. Northrop Frye on Culture and Literature: A Collection of Review Essays. Ed. Robert D. Denham. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978 Adamowski, Tom. “Plaster Toads in the Bush Garden.” Books in Canada 7 (June–July 1978): 18. 650 words. Believes that “what makes this collection . . . so appealing is that it allows one to see Frye turn history, anthropology, and psychology into imaginary gardens.” Is struck throughout by Frye’s literary imperialism, which absolves such writers as Toynbee, Frazer, Jung, and Spengler from the requirements of truth, history, and brute facts. Anonymous. ARTbibliographies MODERN 11, no. 1 (1980): 140. Brief notice. –  Book World 10 (9 March 1980): 10. Brief notice. –  Choice 15 (October 1978): 1035. Brief notice. –  Cultural Information Service (1 May 1978): 11. 225 words. Finds especially illuminating Frye’s critiques of Frazer, Spengler, Eliade, Cervantes, and Beckett. “This impressive volume should give beleaguered generalists confidence of their future within the humanities.” –  English Language Notes 17 (September 1979): 28. Brief notice. –  Journal of Modern Literature 7, no. 4 (1979): 623. Brief notice. –  Queen’s Quarterly 85 (Spring 1978): 364. 160 words. “There is much of interest and value in the collection, both for those interested in the development of Frye’s thought and for those seeking informed assessments” of such writers as Cassirer, Eliade, Toynbee, Spengler, Jung, Coleridge, Beckett, and Hemingway. –  Sewanee Review 88 (Summer 1980): lxxxii. Brief notice of the paperback ed. Barfoot, C.C. “Current Literature: 1978.” English Studies 60 (December 1979): 790. Brief notice. Bates, Ronald. “Centripetal Criticism.” Journal of Canadian Fiction 31–2 (1981): 227–30. 1350 words. Points to the centripetal nature of Frye’s work (it always circles around the same issues), gives an overview of the essays collected in the volume, and praises the wit and elegance of Frye’s style. “This collection of reviews, with the editor’s lengthy, detailed introduction, could be a way to the ideas of one of the seminal thinkers of our day.”

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–  “New Anthology, TV Series Acknowledge Frye’s Status.” London Free Press [Ontario] (15 July 1978): B4. 425 words. A shorter version of the previous entry. Says the book “can serve as a good introduction to the main concerns of Frye’s work as critic and scholar.” Cain, William E. South Carolina Review 11 (November 1978): 123–5. 820 words. The book “allows us to see Frye in his workshop, defining himself against the other great system-builders and mythmakers (from Spengler to Toynbee) of modern times, and preparing the ground for his own system in Anatomy of Criticism.” Is not convinced that Frye has reconciled the opposing claims that literature is both autonomous and socially relevant. Claims that the danger of Frye schemes is that they neglect literary differences and “often ignore the experience of reading (and struggling with) specific texts.” Carroll, David B. Magill’s Literary Annual 1979 (June 1979): 1–4. Crowley, C.P. University of Windsor Review 14 (Spring–Summer 1979): 96–100. 1750 words. Sees the collection as forming “an excellent cultural mirror” of the 1950s and as revealing Frye “in the process of creating a critical point of view which has been called the greatest global point of view in literature of any literary thinker.” Points to a number of writers Frye reviews— Boswell, Pound, Wyndham Lewis, Toynbee, Spengler, and Cassirer. Sees the essay-reviews as having the qualities that have made Frye a great teacher: “the precise summaries of subject matter, the sharp perceptions, the deep respect for an author’s work and motivation, are continually revealed in clear and witty prose.” Dick, Bernard F. World Literature Today 52 (Autumn 1978): 97–8. 370 words. The volume “complements the prevailing image of Frye the formidable critic, for it presents him as a popularizer”—one who makes accessible such writers as Jung, Cassirer, Coleridge, and Frazer. Says Frye writes with “prismatic clarity” and displays his learning with grace. [Fulford, Robert]. “Midway.” Canadian Reader 20, no. 3 (1979): [8]. Says the collection makes conveniently available the pleasure of watching Frye’s mind in action. Also remarks on the difficulty of finding Frye’s books in Canadian bookstores. Gelley, Alexander. Library Journal 103 (August 1978): 1511. Brief notice. Gudas, Fabian. Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 37 (Fall 1978): 106–7. 900 words. Gives a brief outline of the book’s contents and summarizes the topics covered

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in the introduction, but devotes most of his remarks to speculating about the place of the review (and judicial criticism) in Frye’s work as a whole. Hesford, Walter A. Christianity and Literature 30 (Spring 1981): 104–6. 930 words. Maintains that these essays show Frye to be “a romantic liberal who places ultimate faith in the power of the imagination to transform self and society.” Points to the essays that reveal Frye’s long-standing interest in “the deep grammatical structure of the imagination.” Thinks these essays will be engaging even to those who have not read the works under review. Sees Frye’s mind as more apocalyptic and mystic than historical and Judaeo-Christian. Hinden, Michael. Journal of Aesthetic Education 14 (April 1980): 105–7. 830 words. Says that the essays in part 1 cohere and drive towards synthesis, whereas those in part 2 seem disconnected, even though they do reveal Frye’s diversity. Observes that the essays on Jung, Frazer, and Eliade in part 1 contain the kernels for parts of Anatomy of Criticism. “Frye remains entirely free of the temptation to cannibalize his subjects” and his “sense of history and difference is almost as deep as his quest for archetype and identity.” Kane, Sean. University of Toronto Quarterly 48 (Summer 1979): 431–3. 790 words. Sees the most striking aspect of the collection to be “an absence of spatial theorizing” and disagrees with the claim of the introduction that the essays show the foundation of Frye’s continuous vision: “they are modest reflections which pause with tact and commitment before often beautifully painted subjects.” “On balance, the pieces show the bookmanship of a man alert to his cultural time and place, who is drawn to human oddity and genius with a humanism that is exemplary.” Lane, Lauriat. English Studies in Canada 7 (Spring 1981): 123–8. 2120 words. Examines primarily the issue of whether or not Frye’s work is, as Gerald Graff and others have claimed, that of a visionary whose ideas “deprive literature and criticism of any claim to referential truth to reality and hence . . . of any epistemological or ethical authority.” Cites a number of places in these review essays to indicate that Frye’s view of literature is not divorced from life and does contain a reality principle. Thinks, however, that these examples, along with the claims of the introduction, will not satisfy readers such as Graff and will not really provide a sufficient philosophical foundation for the dialectic of Frye’s myths of freedom and concern. Lindborg, Henry J. Bookviews 1 (1 June 1978): 77. Brief review.

Lodge, David. “The Myth of Decline.” New Statesman 96 (29 September 1978): 412–13. 750 words. Says that “there are not many critics whose 20-year-old book reviews one can read with pleasure and instruction, but Frye is an exception to most rules.” Sees the main interest in the collection as being a historical record of Frye’s intellectual development and as showing that, in addition to being a formalist or structuralist, Frye is also a romantic-utopian. N[ew], W[illiam]. Canadian Literature 79 (Winter 1978): 132. Brief notice. New, W.H. Journal of Commonwealth Literature 15 (December 1980): 9. Brief notice. Paschall, Douglas. “Continuity in Northrop Frye’s Criticism.” Sewanee Review 88 (Winter 1980): 121–5. 2000 words. Compares and contrasts Frye’s work with that of the French structuralists. Finds it difficult to assess Frye’s insistence on the structures of literature and the necessity of a critical system to understand these structures, though concludes that Frye’s categorizing does subordinate one’s experience of particular literary works. Sees the collection of essays as demonstrating the continuity of Frye’s principles and as suggesting his “readiness to colonize at will, within the imperium of archetypal criticism, virtually any territory in his ken.” Pérez Gallego, Cándido. Arbor 101, no. 396 (1 December 1978): 444. Perloff, Marjorie. South Atlantic Bulletin 44 (January 1979): 113–16. 2150 words. Contrasts Frye’s work—“probably the most impressive body of criticism written in English in our time”—with that of Harold Bloom, who excludes such poets as Eliot and Pound from among the “strong poets,” and the deconstructionists, who view the literary text as a means for discussing the creation and decreation of meaning. Cites Frye’s reviews of Pound and Valéry as illustrations of the way Frye’s “climbing and descent” are generously inclusive. Calls attention to Frye’s interest in primary texts, even where he is reviewing editions and translations, and to his “astonishing power of assimilating a new body of poetry [such as René Char’s] and clarifying its mode of operation.” Thinks the introduction to the volume is too defensive and apologetic. Purcell, J.M. Antigonish Review 40 (Winter 1980): 110–13. 1380 words. Gives a brief overview of the contents of the book. Devotes most of the review to omissions he sees in the introduction. Schwartz, Sanford. “Reconsidering Frye.” Modern Philology 78 (February 1981): 289–95. 3600 words. In a review

Reviews of Frye’s Books, Excluding Those in the Collected Works

devoted primarily to Northrop Frye and Critical Method, looks at Frye’s debt to Frazer, Freud, Jung, and Spengler. Comments on how Frye, in following these intellectual forebears shifts “the focus of literary studies from historical changes in the arts to the universal imaginative structures residing beneath them.” Wittreich, Joseph. “Recent Studies in the English Renaissance.” Studies in English Literature 19 (Winter 1979): 145. 360 words. Believes that the essays in this collection illustrate the educative function of criticism, and, as “an unfolding of Frye’s education, they are, by extension, a revelation of the kind of education to which critics of Renaissance literature, ideally, might aspire.” 24. Northrop Frye on Shakespeare. Ed. Robert Sandler. Markham, ON: Fitzhenry & Whiteside, 1986 For reviews of the Collected Works edition, vol. 28, see chapter 7. Adams, Robert Martin. “New Bards for Old.” New York Review of Books (6 November 1986): 50–4 [50–1]. 570 words. Finds that the book lacks the power of Frye’s earlier work, that it is too colloquial, contains too much paraphrase, and is parochial and simplistic in its judgments. Says that unlike the ideas of Rymer and Dennis, which are strong and bad, Frye’s are weak and bad. Andrews, John F. “A Major Critic and His Shakespeare.” Washington Book Review 2 (April 1987): 15–16, 18. Anonymous. Kirkus Review 54 (15 September 1986): 1417. 325 words. Says that Frye “retains an enthusiasm for and a refreshingly down-to-earth approach to material that seems to bring out the Polonius in many interpreters. No pontification here, no overworked aphorisms; just lively, sensible, constantly stimulating insights.” Ansari, A.A. The Aligarh Critical Miscellany 5 (1992): 12–27. Archer, Stanley. Magill’s Literary Annual, 1987. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Salem Press, 1987. 1–3. Basile, Jean. “Personne ne pane de Shakespeare comme Northrop Frye” [Nobody Bakes Shakespeare Like Northrop Frye]. La Press [Montreal] (10 September 1988). Rev. of the French trans. Baxter, John S. “Northwind the Prophet: Critic as Hypocrite.” Whig–Standard Magazine [Kingston, ON] (20 December 1986): 19–20. Approaches the review by reminiscing about Frye’s classes at Victoria College, maintaining that the classroom is “an important mirror of one aspect of a major critic’s activity.” Says that Frye frequently distorts and contradicts Shakespeare’s texts, as in The Winter’s Tale, where he imposes his own

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primitive view of the seasonal cycles of nature onto the play. Wonders what persona, other than those of the actor (hypocrita) and the elegant stylist, lies beneath the performance of these lectures. Bellemare, Yvon. Quebec Français (October 1988): 9. Rev. of the French trans. Bemrose, John. “The Joy of Shakespeare.” Maclean’s 99 (6 October 1986): 86. 850 words. Finds that Frye’s reader-response approach to Shakespeare’s plays is quite different from his usual discussions of literary structure. Says that Frye makes Shakespeare’s characters come alive and “continuously expose Shakespeare’s own greatness.” Even though readers may forget the details of Frye’s arguments and observations, “the memory of his tireless curiosity and his respect for Shakespeare’s art is enduring.” Billington, Michael. Encounter [London] 68 (January 1987): 54. Boland, Eavan. “Ben and Will.” Irish Times (29 November 1986). 380 words. Prefers the spoken voice that comes through in these lectures to much of Frye’s other work, which is said to be “difficult and abstruse.” Booklist 83 (1 October 1986): 182. Book World (14 August 1988): 12. Brief review of the paperback edition. Cambron, Micheline, and Lorraine Camerlain. Jeu 48 (1988): 88–90. Rev. of the French trans. Cole, Camille. “The Three Faces of Shakespeare.” San Francisco Examiner and Chronicle (2 August 1987). Cowan, Bert. Books in Canada 15 (December 1986): 24. 380 words. Observes that the speed with which the book moves along, flinging its “gems of thought into the air,” is the result of the original format of the text—the undergraduate lecture. Praises the book’s “exemplary economy,” but finds the selection of the plays Frye discusses to be “perhaps a little skewed.” Craig, Paul. “Many More Praise Shakespeare, Twain Than Read Them.” Times–Advocate [Escondido, CA] (10 November 1986). Brief review. Craik, T.W. Durham University Journal 80 (December 1987): 145–7 [146–7]. D’Evelyn, Thomas. “Speaking of Shakespeare.” Christian Science Monitor (25 February 1987): 19. 750 words. Calls attention to Frye’s colloquial style and glances at his readings of King Lear, Measure for Measure, Antony and Cleopatra, and The Tempest. Says that Frye’s “reading of Shakespeare is a moral reading in the sense that it’s

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pitched against merely moralistic readings” and that Frye “is a fascinating example of the modern radical thinker finding his text in the classics.” Dirda, Michael. “Shakespeare and the Scholar.” Washington Post Educational Supplement (2 November 1986): 1, 18–21. Duffy, Dennis. “A New Excitement with Shakespeare.” Globe and Mail (4 October 1986): E21. 580 words. Praises Frye’s wit, fluency, and insight, and says that the book will send the reader back to Shakespeare “with renewed excitement.” Calls attention to the power of the shaping spirit of Frye’s structural approach and to the value of Frye’s liberally educated intelligence, which flourishes throughout the book. E., J. Booklist (1 October 1986): 1832. Brief notice. Edwards, Karen L. “Stages of Understanding: Frye’s Lectures on Shakespeare.” Kenyon Review, n.s., 9 (Spring 1987): 122–5. Frye’s lectures on Shakespeare “demonstrate that it is possible for a scholar to shape rich and complex readings to the demands of the lecture hall. . . . the lectures are at once an admirably clear introduction to and a sophisticated study of Shakespeare’s plays.” Fletcher, Janet, et al. “The Best Books of 1986.” Library Journal 112 (January 1987): 55–6. Fuller, Edmund. “A Celebration of Shakespeare.” Wall Street Journal (4 November 1986): 32. 930. words. Regards Northrop Frye on Shakespeare as “the most accessible and sheerly enjoyable” of Frye’s books. Notes that Frye does not allow Shakespeare’s poetic diction to deflect attention from the action of the plays, and calls attention to Frye’s non-ideological stance toward Shakespeare. Reviews briefly Frye’s treatment of Shakespeare’s comedies and romances. Garebian, Keith. Quill & Quire 53 (January 1987): 30. Gliatto, Tom. USA Today (4 October 1988). Brief review of the paperback ed. Gorse, Oliver. Idler 12 (March–April 1987): 61–2. Greenblatt, Stephen. “As They Like It.” New Republic (10 November 1986): 42, 44–7. 900 words. Sees Frye’s understanding of Shakespeare as closely tied to “a transcendent idea, an organizing principle, a prophetic vision of life.” Although the book contains flashes of brilliance, it has none of “the startling architectonic power” of Anatomy of Criticism, Fools of Time, or A Natural Perspective. Notes that by elevating the poetic above the historical Frye has ignored the challenge of the new historicism: Frye seems to be “magisterially indifferent to the theoretical turmoil of the past few years.”

Grivelet, Michel. Études anglaises 41, no. 4 (1988): 482–3. Haines, Charles. “Breezing through Bard for a B Plus.” Ottawa Citizen (7 February 1987). 1400 words. The review takes the form of an instructor’s critical response to a student’s paper. Says that the “paper” is stylistically a bit breezy though unpretentious, suffers from one serious misquotation, and includes some debatable interpretations. Hicks, Bob. “Theater That’s Worth Reading About.” Oregonian [Portland] (19 December 1986). 130 words. Calls Frye essays “sensible and illuminating”: they remind us that Shakespeare was a practical playwright, and they set his plays in perspective. Homan, Sidney. “Noted Shakespeare Scholar Opens His Classroom Door.” Washington Times Magazine (19 January 1987). 900 words. Notes that the book reveals two of Frye’s voices—that of the scholar bringing us “interpretations new and refreshing” and that of the teacher well aware that Shakespeare’s plays were written to be acted. Both voices make the book a “very human and gratifying performance.” Honigmann, E.A.J. Yearbook of English Studies (Modern Humanities Research Association) 19 (1989): 314–16. 400 words. “If Northrop Frye on Shakespeare is a book without a visible thread, the lecturer’s relationship with his class helps to hold it together. Mr. Frye’s lectures were taped ‘over a period of years’ at the University of Toronto, and are now published with a few modifications (‘in altering the format from oral lectures to a book I have had to make certain changes’). Fortunately the personal style of the lecturer has not been edited out, for Mr. Frye, who has also remained his own man, now speaks with an unfamiliar voice. Reading Titus Andronicus, you may think it ‘a god-awful play’; the most elementary way of misreading Antony and Cleopatra ‘is to turn it into either a moral or a romantic melodrama. . . . Both views are cop-outs.’ . . .” Howard, Jean E. Studies in English Literature, 1500–1900 27, no. 2 (Spring 1987): 333–4. Howe, J.R. Choice 24 (January 1987): 760. 185 words. Says that Frye gracefully shapes the basic issues of Shakespearean study “into a key that unlocks the pleasure of the plays” and that these lectures are presented in a lively prose style. Jansohn, Christa. Anglia 108, nos. 3–4 (1990): 521–4. Kernan, Alvin. “Criticism as Theodicy: The Institutional Role of Literary Criticism.” Yale Review 77 (1986): 86–102 [93–4].

Reviews of Frye’s Books, Excluding Those in the Collected Works

Klavan, Andrew. Village Voice Literary Supplement 50 (November 1986): 4. 350 words. Believes that Frye approaches his material “diffusely, without an apparent coordinating vision.” Says that Frye’s commentary is obvious and that, even though his knowledge of the plays is solid, his treatment of them is “uninspired.” L., D.J. Kliatt Young Adult Paperback Book Guide (January 1989). Library Journal 111 (1 October 1986): 97–8.

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Stephenson, James. Library Journal 111 (1 October 1996): 97. “Frye continues to solidify his reputation as one of the most important literary theorists and critics of the 20th century. By concentrating on a handful of Shakespeare’s plays, Frye can elaborate on the theory developed in his ground-breaking study Anatomy of Criticism, that all literature re-enacts ancient myths and rituals that, though outside consciousness, still exert a powerful influence on our perception.”

Library Journal 112 (January 1987): 55–6.

Stollman, Samuel S. Windsor Star [Ontario] (20 December 1986): C9.

Lomax, Marion. Literature and History 13, no. 2 (Fall 1987): 294–5.

Summers, Joseph H. Shakespeare Quarterly 38 (Winter 1987): 534–7.

Lyle, A.W. Review of English Studies, n.s. 39 (August 1988): 434–5.

Timpane, John. Shakespeare Bulletin 6, no. 2 (March–April 1988): 26.

M., R.C. Academic Library Book Review (June 1987): 20.

White, R.S. Shakespeare Survey Annual 41 (1988): 194.

McCormick, Marilyn. “Northrop Frye Takes Shakespeare’s Measure.” Montreal Gazette (11 October 1986). 800 words. Summarizes Frye’s views as presented in the introduction and glances briefly at his treatment of Hamlet, King Lear, and Antony and Cleopatra. The book will instruct and delight the non-specialist. McFee, Michael. Typescript of a review presented on WUNC Radio, Chapel Hill, NC, 17 February 1987. 600 words. Summarizes Frye’s thesis that Hamlet is a play for the nineteenth-century sensibility, King Lear for the twentieth, and Anthony and Cleopatra for the twenty-first. Muir, Kenneth. Times Higher Education Supplement 732 (1986): 18. New York Review of Books 33 (6 November 1986): 50. Ouellette, Fernand. Liberté 27 (June 1985): 115. Rev. of the French trans. Quill & Quire 52 (July 1986): 10. Rees, Joan. Notes and Queries 35 (June 1988): 220–1. Sandler, Robert. Maclean’s 99, no. 40 (October 6, 1986): 86. –  Canadian Jewish News (25 December 1986): 51. Schoenbaum, S. “Up the Wall with Hamlet.” New York Times Book Review( 30 November 1986): 15. 1800 words. Finds that Frye’s lectures, although intended for undergraduates, have some sensible and wise observations for the expert too. Thinks the discussion of themes and images is especially good. Shakespeare Quarterly 38, no. 5 (1987): 642. A brief overview of the book.

25. Northrop Frye Unbuttoned: Wit and Wisdom from Frye’s Notebooks and Diaries. Selected by Robert D. Denham. Frankfort, KY: Gnomon, 2004 Fisher, Douglas. “Canadians of Consequence.” Ottawa Sun (26 December 2004): C34. This column appeared in a number of newspapers, including Winnipeg Free Press, Winnipeg Sun, Daily Miner and News, Portage Daily Graphic, Toronto Sun, and Brockville Recorder and Times. Forst, Graham. “Frye and Sedgewick Detached.” Canadian Literature 136 (Fall 2005): 138. Fulford, Robert. “He Made the Good Book Better: How Northrop Frye Examined the Bible without Excess Piety.” National Post (21 December 2004): AL1. Griffin, Matthew. “Matthew Griffin’s Reading Journal” (20 June 2004). http://matthewgriffin.blogspot.com/. Keith, W.J. Canadian Book Review Annual (2004): 53–4. Moran, Maureen. British Journal of Canadian Studies 19, no. 1 (2006): 132–4. Robertson, Bill. “Worthy Books Deserving of Note.” Star Phoenix [Saskatoon, SK] (9 October 2004): E4. “Speaking of Canadian academics, is there a more famous one—at least as far as literature is concerned—than Northrop Frye? The books by and on Frye have poured forth since the U of Toronto scholar’s death in 1991 (and they certainly weren’t slow in coming while he was alive, either), and now we have Robert D. Denham’s Northrop Frye Unbuttoned (Anansi; $39.95). Well, hey now. Does this mean we’re going to get a real good leer at the life of this formidable scholar who once trained to be a minister in the United Church of Canada and after

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doing student work at Stonepile in Southwest Saskatchewan decided against it? The fact that longtime Frye scholar Denham has gone with a literary press rather than an academic one bodes well. Here Frye gives sidelong glances at literature, the academy, and brief meditations on his own life—including the death of his wife, Helen—gathered from notebooks and diaries.” 26. Northrop Frye’s Lectures: Student Notes from His Courses, 1947–1955. Ed. Robert D. Denham. Newcastle on Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016 Willard, Thomas. University of Toronto Quarterly 87, no. 3 (Summer 2018): 459–60. 27. Northrop Frye’s Uncollected Prose. Ed. Robert D. Denham. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2015 Forst, Graham. “Deep Frye.” Canadian Literature 225 (Summer 2015): 130–2. Fulford, Robert. “Peering Inside the Head of Canada’s Critical Genius.” National Post (15 June 2015). http://news .nationalpost.com/arts/robert-fulford-peering-inside -the-head-of-canadas-critical-genius.

Willard, Thomas. University of Toronto Quarterly 59 (Fall 1989): 164–9. Yan, Peter M. “Education Individual Duty for Frye.” the newspaper [Univ. of Toronto] (7 June 1989): 7. 29. Reading the World: Selected Writings, 1935–1976. Ed. Robert D. Denham. New York: Peter Lang, 1990 Donoghue, Denis. New York Review of Books 39, no. 7 (9 April 1992): 25–8. Findlay, L.M. “The Divine Legation of Northrop Frye.” English Studies in Canada 19 (June 1993): 161–78. Forst, Graham. “Angel-Minister.” Canadian Literature 134 (1990): 149–51. Hamilton, A.C. “Northrop Frye in Print and Conversation.” Queen’s Quarterly 101 (Winter 1994): 895–9. Hart, Jonathan. Canadian Review of Comparative Literature/Revue canadienne de littérature comparée 20, nos. 1–2 (1993): 139–71. Vandervlist, Harry. Recherches sémiotiques/Semiotic Inquiry 13, no. 2 (1993): 205–15.

Gorman, David. Modern Philology 114, no. 4 (2017). doi:10.1086/689309.

Van Der Weele, Steven J. Christianity and Literature 4 (Spring 1992): 335–6.

Marchand, Philip. “Are Northrop Frye’s Ideas Now DOA?” National Post (6 July 2015). http://news.nationalpost.com/arts/marchand-the-legacy-of-northrop-frye.

Walker, Craig Stewart. “Unpopular Anachronism of a Critic with Vision.” Compass 11 (September–October 1993): 37–9.

Neal, J. Choice 53, no. 3 (November 2015): 414. Nicholson, Mervyn. English Studies in Canada 42 nos. 1–2 (March–June 2016): 233–7. Willard, Thomas. University of Toronto Quarterly 86, no. 3 (Summer 2017): 219–20. 28. On Education. Markham, ON: Fitzhenry & Whiteside, 1988 Bragg, Bob. “Prose Flows in Frye Essays on Education.” Calgary Herald (14 January 1989): D6. Czarnecki, Mark. Vic Report 17 (Spring 1989): 7, 15. Dagg, Anne Innis. Atlantis 14 (Spring 1989): 94–5. Layman, Eric. Cross-Canada Writers’ Magazine 11, no. 3 (1989): 25–6. Robinson, T.M. “What the University Can Teach the World.” Globe and Mail (5 November 1988): C21. Walker, Craig Stewart. “Visions of Coherence: Northrop Frye Reviewed.” Journal of Canadian Studies 25 (Summer 1990): 170–7.

30. Reflections on the Canadian Literary Imagination: A Selection of Essays by Northrop Frye. Ed. and intro. by Branko Gorjup. Preface by Agostino Lombardo. Rome: Bulzoni Editore, 1992 Pontuale, Francesco. Revista di Studi Canadesi 6 (1993): 121. 31. The Return of Eden: Five Essays on Milton’s Epics. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1965 For reviews of the Collected Works edition, vol. 16, see chapter 7. Anonymous. British Book News 314 (October 1966): 772. 190 words. Brief review, summarizing Frye’s central arguments. –  Yale Review 55 (Spring 1866): xiv, xviii. 675 words. Summarizes Frye’s treatment of Milton’s central concepts in Paradise Lost. Judges his Procrustean analyses and nominalism to diminish his arguments but not to destroy them. “The urbanity of his tone and the buoyancy of his imagination always survive critical blindness, structural weakness, and other momentary disasters, and they

Reviews of Frye’s Books, Excluding Those in the Collected Works

have helped to create a book delightful to read, eloquent, tonic, at times very wrong, and always interesting.” Barnes, W.J. Queen’s Quarterly 73 (Autumn 1966): 455–7. 1140 words. Grants that there are many passages in The Return of Eden that are “brilliantly conceived and well expressed,” but thinks the book as a whole is wrong-headed about Milton and that Frye’s writing is “uncommonly bad.” Says that his chief fault is forcing Milton into a Protestant and Romantic mould, so that Milton emerges as a “kind of Blakean mystic.” Blondel, J. Études anglaises 19 (October–December 1966): 450–1. 500 words. Largely a summary of Frye’s chief arguments. Broadbent, J.B. English Language Notes 4 (March 1967): 216–18. 700 words. Points to Frye’s central argument about Milton’s conception of spiritual liberty. Thinks that Frye is sometimes too coy, too far removed from Milton’s epic, and too portentous for the poetry of spirituality. Cox, R. Gordon. British Journal of Aesthetics 7 (July 1967): 293–5. 1350 words. Praises a number of incidental insights, but thinks the book suffers from two basic problems. First, Frye presents his own views on such issues as the presentation of God in Paradise Lost rather than trying to capture Milton’s views; and, second, Frye seems “to make the reader’s appreciation in fact depend altogether upon his actually sharing Milton’s beliefs.” Wishes that Frye had paid more attention to Milton’s style.

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Lost, the discussion of which “is so sensitively attached to Milton’s poems that more than any other general exposition it captures the baroque complexity these patterns manifest.” Believes, however, that Frye stresses too much the view of Milton as a revolutionary artist who wanted to discard history and move towards the ultimate mystic beatitude of identity. Still, the book “has all the imaginative magnitude we have come to expect from [Frye].” Hamilton, Alice. Dalhousie Review 46 (Autumn 1966): 411, 413. 580 words. Says that the great value of The Return of Eden “lies in its serious approach to Milton” and that it deals ultimately with the difference between the real and the false. States concisely Frye’s thesis about the relation between liberty, virtue, and heroism in Milton. The book is “serious, witty, dignified, clear, concise, moving with ease and assurance through difficult concepts, erudite but not pedantic, disquietingly direct and forceful.” –  “Man—In Time and Eternity.” Winnipeg Free Press (2 July 1966) [Leisure Magazine section]: 7. 600 words. See The Return of Eden as “a demanding book, a model of what scholarship should be.” It is a book for people who want to confront the ultimate problem of good and evil and who think it “important to discuss such terms as liberty and tyranny, lust and greed, power and apathy, despair and distrust.”

Crutwell, Patrick. “New Miltonics.” Hudson Review 19 (Autumn 1966): 498–502. 2100 words. Divides the difficulties in reading Paradise Lost into four categories: theological, cosmological, structural, psychological. Examines Frye’s solution to each.

Lewalski, Barbara Kiefer. College English 27 (May 1966): 643–4. 730 words. Believes that “the great merit of the book is that it illuminates the mythic world, and therefore the structure, of Milton’s two epic poems.” Thinks, however, that Frye’s exposition of the mythic world of the poem tends “to obscure the action of the poem itself” and that to identity Christ as the hero of Paradise Lost is to obscure the central dramatic role played by Adam.

Empson, William. “An Anatomy of Taste.” New Statesman 72 (2 December 1966): 838. 800 words. Comments briefly on what he says is Frye’s mistaken interpretation in seeing a connection between the rebel angels in Paradise Lost and Ham.

Lievsay, John L. South Atlantic Quarterly 66 (Spring 1967): 20–3. 380 words. Gives a brief outline of the general plan of The Return of Eden, which is said to be “an erudite and urbane blending of myth, allegory, and simple explication of text.”

–  “Senator Milton.” Listener 76 (28 July 1966): 137. 800 words. Claims Frye makes Milton into a rugged American. The book makes “improbable assertions,” and it is difficult to differentiate Frye’s views from Milton’s. Is “glad not to have to believe in the Milton of Professor Frye and his individualist herd, as he would be a nasty character.”

Lodbell, David. “Paradise Lost Viewed with Modern Outlook.” Sherbrooke Record (5 February 1966). 380 words. Sees the virtue of the book in Frye’s having simplified the approach to Milton. Says Frye’s concluding words about the regaining of lost identity are “pertinent to our time.”

Fixler, Michael. University of Toronto Quarterly 35 (July 1966): 392–5. 1500 words. Summarizes Frye’s exploration of the temporal and spatial patterns in Paradise

McCaffrey, Isabel G. Modern Language Quarterly 27 (December 1966): 477–80. 1450 words. Discusses chiefly the difficulty of keeping a balance between the concrete drama of Milton’s poem and the abstract theory used to

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interpret it. Sometimes Frye’s conceptual system takes on a life of its own and, in translating the poem, devours it. But when Frye is interpreting rather than translating, his commentary is “large-minded, human, and balanced . . . the product of a magisterial intelligence.” Madsen, William. Criticism 8 (Fall 1966): 389–94. 2700 words. Thinks that Frye’s method, which relies on schematic diagrams both of the action of Paradise Lost and of the four levels of existence in the poem, causes him to distort Milton: “Paradise Lost does not possess the kind of symmetry Frye attributes to it.” Discusses Frye’s treatment of the theme of the return of Eden. Agrees that the theme is true to the poem, but thinks it should be developed at greater length. Judges Frye’s emphasis on the centrality of the Garden symbol to be wrong “because it omits the figure of Christ.” Oras, Ants. “Miltonic Themes.” Sewanee Review 77 (Winter 1969): 183–4. 430 words. Comments on the “ease with which Frye conjures up large historical vistas or complex thought structures” and on the many analogues he discovers for Paradise Lost. Cites several of his “brilliant” observations. Believes that he overemphasizes Milton’s revolutionary character. P[atrick], J. M[ax]. Seventeenth-Century News 24 (Spring 1966): 1–2. 1060 words. Praises Frye’s treatment of parody throughout the epic, his commentary on Milton’s view of the spiritual authority of the husband, and other insights. Thinks, however, that Frye’s schematizations are imposed upon rather than derived from the poem, and that the generic parallels Frye finds in Milton (the colloquy, the Socratic dialogue, the symposium, the cyropedia, the Jonsonian masque, etc.) are more confusing than illuminating. Recommends the book to sophisticated Miltonists but not to neophytes and general readers. Patrides, C.A. Review of English Studies 18 (August 1967): 330–2. 1100 words. Summarizes the theme around which each of the chapters revolves. Praises both the manner and matter of the book, “one of the finest introductions to Paradise Lost.” Says Frye has “an unerring ability to distinguish the essential from the inessential and to phrase it forcefully, even memorably.” Rajan, B. Alphabet 11 [misnumbered as 8] (December 1965–March 1966): 74–5. 610 words. Characterizes Frye’s approach as mytho-generic-structural. Looks especially at his reading of the last books of Paradise Lost. Frye suggests “that the paradise within us . . . is a natural stage of the paradise myth.” Thinks that Frye sometimes wavers in his interpretation of the discrepancy between Milton’s intentions and his performance.

–  “Trepidation and Excitement.” Canadian Literature 28 (Spring 1966): 65–7. 1030 words. A somewhat fuller version of the previous entry. Because of Frye’s attack on historical criticism, this review includes a defence of the historical method even though it is not excluded by Frye’s “approach nor the quality of his perceptiveness.” Ricks, Christopher. “In Defense of Milton.” New York Review of Books 6 (9 June 1966): 27–8. 410 words. Thinks Frye places too much emphasis on Milton the revolutionary (he was conservative and traditional as well). Sees the book not as an example of Frye the myth critic but of Frye “the expositor—patient, lucid, and deftly informative on a thousand topics.” Sirluck, Ernest. Studies in English Literature: 1500–1900 6 (Winter 1966): 187–8. 230 words. Says that Frye’s commentary is distinguished by “first, his power of retaining the living whole in his mind while he discusses the part, and secondly, his ‘wit,’ in the Renaissance sense of the discernment of underlying similarities in things apparently unlike each other.” Although Frye does not solve the problem of the discrepancy between the conceptual and the dramatic aspects of Paradise Lost, he does enlarge our “understanding of why Milton defied poetic fact in favor of ‘flat-footed honesty.’” Summers, Joseph H. JEGP 66 (January 1967): 146–9. 1500 words. Says that “few professional Miltonists . . . would not gain valuable and fresh insights from a careful reading” of Frye, “our most stimulating critic.” Registers complaints, however, against Frye’s academic witticisms, the speed of his exposition, the mechanical nature of his abstract schemata, and a number of claims that are “either mistaken in emphasis or just wrong.” Praises Frye’s treatment of Milton’s radicalism and individualism, his suggestions about the proper model for God, and his comments on reason and freedom and on the law and the gospel. Disagreements aside, what matters is “that Milton’s poems and Milton’s vision of human liberty have kindled Frye’s imagination and have caused him to write some marvelous passages.” 32. The Secular Scripture: A Study of the Structure of Romance. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1976 For reviews of the Collected Works edition, vol. 18, see chapter 7. Adams, Hazard. “On Literary Criticism.” New Republic 75 (27 November 1976): 29–31 [30–1]. Brief notice. A[des], J[ohn] I. Papers on Language and Literature 14 (Summer 1978): 359–60. 430 words. Gives a brief

Reviews of Frye’s Books, Excluding Those in the Collected Works

summary of the book. Remarks that the astonishing breadth of Frye’s reading would be intimidating “were it not presented with such grace and wit.” Aldridge, A. Owen. World Literature Today 51 (Winter 1977): 167. 470 words. Comments briefly on Frye’s archetypal and intrinsic approach to romance. Is not convinced by Frye’s claim that the structure of the Bible provides the outline for Western mythology and worries about Frye’s non-historical approach. Anonymous. Choice 13 (July–August 1976): 56. Brief notice. –  Christianity and Literature 26 (Spring 1977): 56. A précis of the book, drawn from MLA Abstracts. –  The Griffin 26 (February 1976): 9. 250 words. Brief overview of the book’s aim. –  Milton Quarterly 11 (March 1977): 25. Brief notice. –  New Yorker 52 (26 April 197): 147–8. 350 words. Overview of Frye’s conception of romance. Says the book is an instructive and timely contribution, though how all the parts fit together is not clear. –  Yale Review 66 (March 1977): xii–xiii. 540 words. Says the book shows Frye’s usual strengths and weaknesses. “He writes cultural arguments rather than literary criticisms. He is more interested in what can be drawn together than in what can be discriminated, and he moves so rapidly as to make very difficult ascertaining whether his ‘wit’ be true or false.” Blodgett, E.D. Canadian Review of Comparative Literature/Revue Canadienne de Littérature Comparée 4 (Fall 1977): 363–72. 4800 words. Maintains that Frye “has magisterially invested both the mode and mythos of romance with virtually unassailable status.” Comments on a number of Frye’s central assumptions and arguments: that the context for romance is its parallel relation to the Bible, that myth most clearly appears in romance and that realism is displaced romance; that the vertical structure of ascent and descent is a fundamental principle of romance, and that place is more important in romance than in other literary forms. Sees the book as “a splendid demonstration of Frye’s central argument that a knowledge of literature cannot pause over single works to the point where it prevents one from arriving at a state of ‘undiscriminating catholicity.’” Bloom, Harold. “Northrop Frye Exalting the Designs of Romance.” New York Review of Books 23 (18 April 1976): 21. Partially rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism, vol. 24, ed. Sharon R. Gunton. Detroit: Gale Research, 1983. 226–7. 1450 words. Places The Secular

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Scripture in the context of Fearful Symmetry and Anatomy of Criticism, the latter of which surpasses even Ruskin in its systematic and comprehensive vision of literature. Sees Frye as having provided the study of romance and romanticism with “the fullest if not the most acute poetics that is currently available.” But judges the book to be a disappointment largely because of its narrow scope. Is, however, still deeply moved by the optimistic and democratic element in Frye’s work. Associates his true greatness with his being the “legitimate heir of a Protestant and Romantic tradition that has dominated much of British and American literature, the tradition of the Inner Light.” Worries that Frye is unable to explain what makes the archetype new in any particular work; that he therefore “risks becoming the great homogenizer of literature”; and that, while Frye is the “seer” of the joining of works together in the literary universe, he fails to account for the struggle of poetic wills to be free from their predecessors. Brennan, John P. Clio 6 (Fall 1976): 97–100. 700 words. Summarizes Frye’s distinction between mythical and fabulous fictions and between sacred and secular scriptures. Says that the chapter on the narrative patterns and characters of romance delights because of Frye’s wit and instruction; “the ease of his allusions convinces the reader that there is something to be said for the concept of an imaginative universe.” Thinks that the best chapters are those (2 and 6) that deal with the “demand of the guardians of culture . . . that our fictions exhibit ‘high seriousness,’” and in which Frye argues that the goal of humanistic education is remythologization. Says that one can complain about Frye’s argumentative style, but that the book is richly textured and rewarding. Cismaru, Alfred. “Hartman and Frye: American Criticism at Its Finest.” National Forum 60 (Fall 1980): 54–6. 580 words. Consists largely of a summary of the book. C[opeland]. M.W. Spenser Newsletter 7 (Winter 1976): 1–6. 2300 words. Summarizes large sections of Frye’s “radical revision or reconsideration of the genre” of romance. Notes several parallels between Frye’s work and Harold Bloom’s theory of creation. Glances throughout at the implications of Frye’s work for the study of Spenser. Daiches, David. “The Roots of Fiction.” TLS (5 November 1976): 1399. 2700 words. Gives a long summary of Frye’s central theses and his characteristic method, which is to go beyond the individual literary work to larger verbal structures and eventually to the entire mythological universe. Observes that Frye is not concerned with making judgments about the relative quality of literary romances; rather, classifying them, he seeks

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to restore literary works to the tradition from which they have arisen. The Secular Scripture is “the work of a humane, original and genuinely inquiring mind.” More than a taxonomist, Frye “is a man of wit and wisdom” who aims to place literature “in the larger context of human mental and imaginative needs and by so doing to show us how literature responds to those needs and in its response illuminates the human condition.” Dembo, L.S. English Language Notes 14 (December 1976): 153–4. 1350 words. Reviews Frye’s purpose and his argument about the structural principle of displacement. Thinks Frye’s schema for the heroes and themes of romance, while offering clear reference points, is neater and more coherent than actually exists in the literature Frye discusses. But whatever the shortcomings of Frye’s generalizations, “there is no denying that he is one of the great critical minds of the age.” Dickerson, Lynn. “Enriching Life.” Christian Century 93 (26 March 1976): 522. 370 words. Gives a brief summary of Frye’s thesis. Feels frustrated at the distinctions Frye gives and then takes away, but says the book will be of interest to Frye enthusiasts. Dobbs, Kildare. “Northrop Frye Shines His Light on Popular Pulp.” Peterborough Examiner [Ontario] (10 July 1976). 1000 words. A summary of Frye’s map of the mythological universe of romance. Says The Secular Scripture is “an extraordinarily profound and suggestive work . . . one of those books that teaches us how to read, and keeps striking echoes and resonances from our own knowledge.” Feder, Lilian. “The Traditions of Literature.” Michigan Quarterly Review 16 (Summer 1977): 350–5. 670 words. Says that although Frye’s treatment of the mythos of romance is “no more convincing as a comprehensive critical scheme than are the mythoi of the Anatomy,” Frye’s analyses of motifs in particular romances is brilliant. Contrasts Frye’s view of fiction with Leavis’s, observing that Frye believes the thought or “reality” of literature is revealed only through structural conventions and that his sense of the relation between tradition and innovation is a broad one. Notes that Frye arrives independently at the idea, reiterated recently by Harold Bloom, that poetic influence can involve misunderstanding. Fischer, Michael. “The Legacy of English Romanticism: Northrop Frye and William Blake.” Blake: An Illustrated Quarterly 11 (Spring 1978): 276–83. 5000 words. Ostensibly a review of The Secular Scripture and Spiritus Mundi but devoted chiefly to clarifying the role that Blake plays in the development of Frye’s ideas and to the

question of aesthetic value that these ideas raise. Traces the influence of Blake’s epistemology, his view of the independence of art, and his understanding of metaphor and the end of art upon Frye’s theory of literature. Argues that Frye’s view of the imagination as a power for genuine freedom raises the question of whether art does have the kind of socially emancipating role Frye assigns it or whether he allows art “to recede into mere imagining.” Fulford, Robert. “Scholar Finds That Romance Is Really a Secular Scripture.” Toronto Star (6 March 1976): F5. 950 words. Comments on Frye’s view of popular literature, summarizes the book’s thesis, and praises Frye’s prose style. F[uzier], J[ean]. Cahiers Elisabethians 11 (April 1977): 106–7. 620 words. Reviews Frye’s purpose and thesis. Thinks that he is somewhat biased towards the biblical, as opposed to the classical, influences on the Western mythological universe, but judges his general theory to be “valid . . . well-grounded, and seminal.” Gans, Eric. “Northrop Frye’s Literary Anthropology.” Diacritics 8 (June 1978): 24–33. 5400 words. Begins by examining Frye’s preference for the epic or narrative genre of romance, but quickly turns to a critique of Frye’s entire undertaking, which is subjected to the “absolute standard” of the human sciences. Sees Frye’s dismissal of evaluation as a particularly Anglo-American trait, placing him in a tradition quite different from that of, say, Todorov. Says that Frye’s literal naturalism has prevented him from developing a proper view of culture (his anthropology is essentially taxonomic), a proper understanding of desire (he denies the disjunction between individual and communal desire), and a proper understanding of the politics of literature (he is “a prisoner of the liberal-conservative cultural polemic”). Praises Frye for directing our attention to the right issues but finds his cultural naturalism inadequate from the perspective of the human sciences as developed by European, especially French, thinkers. Gowda, H.H. Anniah. “Stimulating to Read.” Literary Half-Yearly 18 (July 1977): 158–62. 1300 words. Chiefly a summary of Frye’s arguments. Notes that his final words, which refer to the end of speech earning the right to silence, are “very close to Indian aesthetics.” Guaraldo, Enrico. Tuttolibri 4, nos. 47–8 (23 December 1978): 15. 280 words. Looks briefly at Frye’s treatment of the evolution of the romance genre and his view of the human protagonist in romance forms. Halporn, James W. Helios 6 (Fall–Winter 1978–79): 84–94. 2000 words. Summarizes Frye’s thesis about the difference

Reviews of Frye’s Books, Excluding Those in the Collected Works

between sacred and secular scriptures and his definition of romance. Disagrees with Frye’s view of myth, finds that his definition of romance does not fit certain Greek stories very well, and says that literary works resist the ease with which Frye places them in categories. Feels, therefore “curiously cheated” by the book, yet grants that it “is another stunning performance by Frye, whose ability to connect so many disparate works, let alone remember them, puts us in mind of a latter-day Casaubon who has succeeded in finding the key to all mythologies.” Hamilton, A.C. “Northrop Frye and the Recovery of Myth.” Queen’s Quarterly 85 (Spring 1978): 66–77. 5400 words. Places the book in the context of Frye’s other work, especially Anatomy of Criticism. Sees The Secular Scripture as expanding, illuminating, and consolidating what Frye has written since 1957. Gives a detailed summary of each of the six chapters. Judges the book to be “a major event in modern English studies” because the genre of romance belongs to Frye the way tragedy belongs to Aristotle. Notes that Frye concludes by affirming the older worldview of the sacred scripture, and so remains puzzled at the end by Frye’s attributing to romance a quality similar to divine revelation, which earlier he had attributed to myth. Happel, Stephen. Religious Studies Review 3 (January 1977): 65–6. 200 words. Summarizes Frye’s central thesis. Says he provides “a helpful inventory of the various structural elements of romance.” Finds that “the pleasure of the prose is often more persuasive than the cogency of the argument.” Herd, Eric W. Germanistik 22 (1981): 85–6. 220 words. Points to the bipartite structure of Frye’s argument, a simplification that can sometimes become irritating, and to the connection between this book and Frye’s earlier work. Hume, Kathryn. Style 11 (Spring 1977): 212–13. 750 words. Notes that the thematic organization of the book “avoids some of the problems of [Frye’s] own former schemes.” Sees the strength of the book in its incidental insights and in the clarity of its arguments, its weaknesses in the “insufficiently detailed” illustrations and in what sometimes “seem methodologically irresponsible” comments. Hunter, J. Paul. “Studies in Eighteenth-Century Fiction, 1976.” Philological Quarterly 56 (Fall 1977): 531–3. 1050 words. Notes that Frye prefers the romance to the novel. Observes that if one grants Frye his premises, there is little to debate: his discussion is “learned, symmetrical, and persuasive—part of a larger Platonic, formalist, Anglican perspective” that emphasizes timelessness,

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repetition, and cyclic movement. Grants that Frye’s learning, sensitivity, scholarship, and wit enhance the act of criticism, but wants also to affirm ways of doing criticism that are less Platonic. Ireland, Jock. “Secular Frye Examines Myths, Literature.” Montreal Gazette (29 May 1976): 50. 600 words. Largely a series of quotations from the first chapter. Says that Frye’s work is erudite, demanding, and aware of what literature can and cannot teach. Jeffrey, David K. Southern Humanities Review 13 (Summer 1978): 301. 550 words. Gives a brief summary of Frye’s thesis in The Secular Scripture, which is judged to be his “most accessible book.” Jewinski, Ed. Quill & Quire 42 (April 1976): 41. 280 words. Summarizes Frye’s “primarily theoretical” argument. Says it contains a series of complex and brilliant ideas about romance but is not easy reading. Johnston, Albert H. Publishers Weekly 209 (19 January 1976): 89. Short review. Klimowsky, Ernst W. Bibliographie zur Symbolik, Ikonographie, und Mythologie [Bibliography on Symbolism, Iconography, and Mythology]. Ed. Manfred Lurker and Helmut Schneider. Baden-Baden: Verlag Valentin Koerner, 1978. 53. Brief notice. Kuczkowski, Richard. Library Journal 101 (1 April 1976): 901. Brief review. Lawless, Greg. “Rescuing Romance.” Harvard Crimson (11 February 1976). 1275 words. Summarizes Frye’s central argument. Finds the most interesting aspect of the book to be the theory of society Frye develops in relation to romance, a genre that is closer to the people than other forms. Comments on Frye’s caveat against basing criticism on value judgments. Maintains, however, that literature does have political consequences and that Marxists should be aware of the abuses of romance. Lindahl, Carl. Journal of American Folklore 92 (January–March 1979): 80–2. 1210 words. Sees The Secular Scripture as Frye’s finest, best-documented, most clearly focused, least dogmatic, and most valuable attempt “to establish the folktale and its related forms as genres worthy of esteem.” Calls the book “intuitive rather than scholarly”; and though Frye “possesses a remarkable intuition,” “he lacks the all-important quality of self-discipline necessary for a synthesis of his exciting ideas.” Still, The Secular Scripture is “a landmark book.” Refers to Frye as “the Lévi-Strauss of literary studies,” though Frye’s schemes are much more flexible than Lévi-Strauss’s. “Frye has opened the door for

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the long-awaited meeting of folklore and literature on grounds congenial to both.” Matamoro, Blas. Cuadernos Hispanoamericanos 379 (1995): 222. Rev. of the Spanish trans. McMurtry, Larry. “A Work of Critical Plums, Ripe for the Picking.” Washington Post (22 March 1976): B4. 630 words. Judges The Secular Scripture to be “the most sophisticated study of popular culture, considered on a world scale, that we have yet had.” Believes Frye is especially brilliant on the themes of ascent and descent and the virginity of the heroine, and on the responsibility of readers to discover that the stories in romances are ultimately about themselves. Moore, Mavor. “He Restoreth My Soul.” Canadian Forum 56 (June–July 1976): 62–3. 1230 words. Thinks that The Secular Scripture owes more to Jung than Frye is willing to admit, because Frye is looking at literature “through the binoculars of literature and psychology.” Sees the book as “unfailingly fascinating and refreshing” and “couched in the clearest, neatest, most unaffected prose since Bertrand Russell.” Nelson, William. University of Toronto Quarterly 46 (Summer 1977): 415–18. 1450 words. Summarizes Frye’s central thesis about the structure of romance. Says “the persuasiveness of Frye’s reconstruction of ‘the secular scripture’ is enhanced by the wealth of his learning, the fertility of his imagination, and the charm of his exposition.” Believes, however, that Frye’s search for structure and his dismissal of questions of belief neglect a great deal of what is essential in literary works. Ogawa, Kazuo. “The Structure of Romance.” Gakuto 73 (October 1976): 16–19. In Japanese. Payne, Michael. College Literature 6 (Winter 1979): 73–5. 280 words. Comments briefly on the importance of The Secular Scripture for the renewed interest in Spenser. Perosa, Sergio. “Che cosa significa ‘narrare’” [What Does “Narrating” Mean?]. Corriere della Sera 104, no. 62 (18 March 1979). 720 words. Rev. of the Italian trans. Thinks that although the translation is a poor one, it will cause Italian readers to look again at Frye’s other books that have been translated into Italian. Comments on Frye’s attention to the roles that myth, fable, ritual, and the collective unconscious play in determining the narrative patterns in literature. Says the book provides a synthesis of a vast and complex body of literature. Pfeiffer, K. Ludwig. Anglia 99, nos. 1–2 (1981): 241–5. 1650 words. Places The Secular Scripture in the context of Anatomy of Criticism. Says the main problem with this and Frye’s other works is in his giving attention to structural relations only. He neglects socio-cultural or

functional relations. Additionally, his generic definitions are too loose, his levels of structure are too abstract, and the imaginary universe he creates is tautological. Sargent, Barbara Nelson. Comparative Literature Studies 15 (December 1978): 434–6. 1250 words. Thinks the first chapter is the most substantial of the six. Says that Frye’s insights into romance are illuminating and brilliant and that the book is written “in a style that is at all times graceful.” Finds, however, that his sweeping assertions have very little practical value for literary analysis and that some of the underlying similarities Frye locates may be only the “critic’s construct.” Takayanagi, Shunichi. “Classics, Bible, and Secularization.” Sophia 26 (Summer 1977): 76–9. Rpt. in Takayanagi’s Seishinshi no nanka no Eibungaku [English Literature in the Context of Intellectual History]. Tokyo: Nansosha 1977. 191–6. In Japanese. Looks at the book in the context of the theme of secularization in literature. Reviewed along with Spiritus Mundi. Watts, Harold M. Modern Fiction Studies 23 (Summer 1977): 307–10. 720 words. Compares Frye’s vision of the hopes for our culture with those of two other critics, Leo Bersani and Murray Krieger. Examines chiefly Frye’s effort to rescue the secular scripture of romance from having been overshadowed by the sacred scripture. Wood, Michael. “A Fine Romance.” New York Review of Books 24 (14 April 1977): 33–5. 1950 words. Says that Frye’s “practice is usually more flexible than his theory,” but that the theory nevertheless does become more important for him than the reality of literary works. Observes that what Frye wants in literature is the completeness of a mythological universe rather than the imitation of reality. Is “rather suspicious of Frye’s seeing so much of the whole of literature and so little in the individual works he must pillage for his grander purpose,” but does “recognize the community he evokes as the conclusion of his romance.” Praises, finally, Frye’s effort to reclaim the ideal: “if we didn’t have pictures of transcendence, we should probably not remember why we want changes.” Yglesias, Luis Ellicott. “Northrop Frye at Harvard.” New Boston Review (Fall 1976): 17. 1440 words. Looks at the book in the context of Frye’s argument about the coherent structure of literature, and shows the relation of his central thesis to the realism-versus-romance debate. 33. Selected Letters, 1934–1991. Jefferson, NC, and London: McFarland and Co., 2009 Anonymous. “Biography Book Review: Northrop Frye: Selected Letters: 1934–1991. YouTube audio review. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=altVh8uPF1g.

Reviews of Frye’s Books, Excluding Those in the Collected Works

Chlebek, Diana. “Canada.” Journal of Commonwealth Literature 46, no. 4 (2011). Forst, Graham. “(In)visible Canadian.” Canadian Literature 206 (Autumn 2010): 124–5. Hurley, Michael D. English: Journal of the English Association 59, no. 226 (Autumn 2010): 99–102. 34. Spiritus Mundi: Essays on Literature, Myth, and Society. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1976 Anonymous. Book Forum 3 (Winter 1977: 42, 44. 230 words. Refers to Frye as “one of the most civilized and delightful scholar-teachers publishing today, one who posits a mythological universe against the discontinuity of faddism and anarchism. –  Booklist 73 (March 1977): 983. Brief notice. –  Milton Quarterly 12 (March 1978): 39. 290 words. Glances briefly at Frye’s treatment of Milton in “Agon and Logos” and other essays. –  Virginia Quarterly Review 53 (Summer 1977): 88. Brief notice. Ashley, Benedict M. New Review of Books and Religion 1 (May 1977): 20. 360 words. Thinks that Frye’s observation that literary criticism interpenetrates other disciplines is “highly relevant to the study of religion and biblical hermeneutics.” Suggests that Frye is not familiar, however, with some of the current theological interpretations of the Bible. Balfour, Ian. “Can the Centre Hold? Northrop Frye and the Spirit of the World.” Essays on Canadian Writing 7/8 (Fall 1977): 214–21. 3150 words. Offers a sketch of the book’s individual essays. Devotes most of the review to examining the general theory of criticism Frye has developed in Anatomy of Criticism and elsewhere, particularly its Blakean roots, schematic character, celebration of romance, and its dependence on a paradigm of a centre. Beattie, Munro. “Frye in His Prime.” Ottawa Citizen (2 April 1977): 34. 800 words. Believes Frye’s way of doing criticism is an “exhilarating game . . . always worthy of attention, and a godsend to students and teachers of a certain bent.” Glances at Frye’s social criticism, especially his views on the function of the university in the face of contemporary radicalism. Bilan, R.P. “Visionary Critic.” Canadian Forum 57 (June–July 1977): 38–9. 1800 words. Says Spiritus Mundi reinforces his general experience in reading Frye: the expected revelation never quite comes or comes only in cryptic ways. Observes that Frye’s views are becoming

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more conservative, suggesting “the possibility of a rather un-Blakean accommodation to society.” Glances at the essays of practical criticism in this collection, and speculates about Frye’s religious beliefs. Bronzwaer, W. Dutch Quarterly Review 8 (1978): 318–20. 1050 words. Points to Frye’s comments on the recent state of critical studies: his dissatisfaction with the New Criticism and his diagnosis and critique of the anarchism of the New Left. Finds Frye’s essay on the philosophical content of Stevens’s poetry to be especially impressive and somewhat of a relief, “coming as it does after so many pages of what we have come to recognize as Mr. Frye’s characteristic mythological reading of literature.” The relief, however, “does not detract from the overpowering impression of learning, wisdom and wit that his book as a whole leaves.” Although Frye sometimes says things too sweepingly, the book does fruitfully elaborate certain topics in Anatomy of Criticism. Bruck, Peter. Bibliographie zur Symbolik, Ikonographie, und Mythologie [Bibliography on Symbolism, Iconography, and Mythology]. Ed. Manfred Lurker and Helmut Schneider. Baden Baden: Verlag Valentin Koerner, 1978. 53–4. Brief notice. Cain, William E. South Carolina Review 11 (November 1978): 123–5. Brief critique that praises the essays on Spengler and Milton, but judges the chapters on education, the university, and research to be “so detached, so grandly self-assured, that the reader feels almost no contact with the pressures and tensions of these issues.” Cargas, Harry J. “Canada’s Distnguished Literature.” Louis Post–Dispatch (29 March 1977). Brief notice. Cismaru, Alfred. “Hartman and Frye: Criticism at Its Finest.” National Forum 60 (Fall 1980): 54–6. 590 words. Notes that the essays in part 1 are the theoretical platform on which the rest of the book stands. Comments especially on “Expanding Eyes,” “the most remarkable chapter in the second division.” Altogether, the book constitutes “solid proof that neither structuralism nor axiology need limit the sources or the materials at the disposal of the critic.” Copeland, M.W. Spenser Newsletter 8 (Fall 1977): 46–7. 680 words. Notes that this collection of essays provides “the mental history of a literary critic”—a recording of Frye’s views on the generic history of literature and on the relation of literature to culture. Eder, Doris. Denver Quarterly 13 (Spring 1978): 81–5. 2700 words. Gives detailed summaries of the essays on Blake, Yeats, and Stevens, which are said to be the most valuable things in this collection. Thinks that most of

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the other essays are “pointless, dated documents in the history of one critic’s taste. They may be skipped or skimmed without loss.” Nevertheless, some of Frye’s large ideas on such things as the loss of continuity, escapist literature, romance, the relationship between scientific and literary mythologies, and the primitive and civilized understanding of nature emerge repeatedly throughout the collection. Such ideas are interesting, though they are not the kind of well-researched, seminal work that Anatomy of Criticism is. Fischer, Michael. “The Legacy of English Romanticism: Northrop Frye and William Blake.” Blake: An Illustrated Quarterly 11 (Spring 1978): 276–83. 5000 words. Ostensibly a review of The Secular Scripture and Spiritus Mundi, though devoted chiefly to clarifying the moral role that Blake plays in the development of Frye’s ideas and to the question of aesthetic value that these ideas raise. Traces the influence of Blake’s epistemology, his view of the independence of art, and his understanding of metaphor and the ends of art upon Frye’s theory of literature. Argues that Frye’s view of the imagination as a power for genuine freedom raises the question of whether art does have the kind of socially emancipating role Frye assigns it or whether he allows art “to recede into mere imagining.” Gans, Eric. “Northrop Frye’s Literary Anthropology.” Diacritics 8 (June 1978): 24–33. 5400 words. Begins by examining Frye’s preference for the epic or narrative genre of romance, but quickly turns to a critique of Frye’s entire undertaking, which is subjected to the “absolute standard” of the human sciences. Sees Frye’s dismissal of evaluation as a particularly Anglo-American trait, placing him in a tradition quite different from that of, say, Todorov. Says that Frye’s literal naturalism has prevented him from developing a proper view of culture (his anthropology is primarily taxonomic), a proper understanding of desire (he denies the disjunction between individual and communal desire), and a proper understanding of the politics of literature (he is “a prisoner of the liberal-conservative cultural polemic”). Praises Frye, however, for directing our attention to the right issues, even though he finds his cultural naturalism inadequate from the perspective of the human sciences as developed by European, especially French, thinkers. Halporn, James W. Helios 6 (Fall–Winter 1978–9): 84–94. 1750 words. Contrasts Frye’s work with Lionel Trilling’s, noting the kind of dialogue on the relation between literature and life that issues from the contrast. Concentrates on the social, educational, and professional issues Frye raises in the first section of Spiritus Mundi. Observes that these opening essays “reveal a deep

disquiet” about the roles of the university in the modern world. Jewinski, Ed. Quill & Quire 43 (May 1977): 38–9. Frye’s “most important book since Anatomy of Criticism.” Sees the essays in part 2 as continuing “Frye’s most challenging and significant criticism in recent years.” Keith, W.J. Canadian Book Review Annual, 1983, ed. Dean Tudor and Ann Tudor. Toronto: Simon & Pierre, 1984. 272–3. 290 words. Reviewed on the occasion of the paperback reissue. Believes the book contains “as clear an exposition of Frye’s central idea—or vision” as one is likely to encounter. Even if one disagrees with Frye’s basic attitudes, this “is an important production by Canada’s most influential literary scholar.” Klein, Julia M. “Sniffing Out a Trail.” Harvard Crimson (11 March 1977). “The single most impressive characteristic of Frye’s scholarship is the ease with which it draws on the materials of a variety of disciplines—not in order to reduce literature to their domains but rather to reinforce its integrity. Although Frye rejects his role as the founder of a school of ‘myth criticism,’ he is not loath to characterize himself as a pioneer. ‘I think I have found a trail,’ he writes in ‘Expanding Eyes,’ ‘and all I can do is to keep sniffing along it until either scent or nose fails me.’” Kuczkowski, Richard. Library Journal 101 (15 October 1976): 2177. Brief review. Lane, Lauriat. English Studies in Canada 4 (Winter 1978): 490–9. 3950 words. Sees the essays in Spiritus Mundi as a “convincing demonstration of the genuine contextualism that seems to be forming a larger and larger part of Frye’s work.” Paschall, Douglas. “Continuity in Northrop Frye’s Criticism.” Sewanee Review 88 (Winter 1980): 121–5. 2000 words. Notes the similarities and differences between Frye and the French structuralists. Worries about whether or not Frye’s insistence on structure and system subordinates the reader’s experience of particular literary works. Notes that what Frye says about such writers as Sir James Frazer and Oswald Spengler in 1975 is similar to his appropriation of their views as expressed earlier in Northrop Frye on Culture and Literature. Sees the continuity of Frye’s principles as having enabled him “at best to enliven and inform his readers as few other living critics have done.” His insights exist in spite of the system, not because of it. Pausch, Holger A. Canadian Review of Comparative Literature/Revue Canadienne de Littérature Comparée 11 (June 1984): 283–4. 725 words. Catalogues the twelve essays in the book and gives a brief summary of each.

Reviews of Frye’s Books, Excluding Those in the Collected Works

Finds Frye’s method of criticism extremely conservative, his statements often platitudinous, and his failure to cite secondary literature light-handed. Rajan, B. University of Toronto Quarterly 47 (Summer 1978): 395–8. 1450 words. Is somewhat disappointed that these essays do not provide an unequivocal demonstration that the structures of Frye’s system work triumphantly, but says that “the disappointment of discovering this is by no means devastating: the essays do have the relationship offered by those characteristic habits of understanding that have always distinguished the single mind behind them.” Provides an abstract of more than half the essays. Notes that throughout Frye is fascinated “by the relation of man to an otherness.” Sisk, John. The Alternative: An American Spectator (May 1977): 28. 870 words. A somewhat expanded version of the following entry. Says that “the two autobiographical essays alone . . . make it clear that an attempt to distinguish between literature and criticism at this level is to miss the point,” for “no one who writes English prose as well as Frye does is writing anything but literature.” –  “Some Outstanding Books for the Year.” Commonweal 104 (27 May 1977): 346–87. 350 words. Looks briefly at the first and fifth essays, which are “likely to be particularly welcome since their subject in great part is the mental history of one of our most important critics.” Spector, Robert D. World Literature Today 51 (Summer 1977): 505–6. 350 words. Sees these essays as an exception to most collections because they “substantiate a unified critical point of view.” Frye’s consistent critical principle throughout is to recreate an author’s text by studying its imagery and metaphors. Takayanagi, Shunichi. “Classics, Bible, Secularization.” Sophia 26 (Summer 1977): 76–9. In Japanese. Considers the book in the context of the secularization of literature. Tam, Nicholas. “Nick’s Café Canadien” (18 March 2009). http://www.nicholastam.ca/2009/03/18/wednesday -book-club-spiritus-mundi/. West, Thomas. Journal of European Studies 9 (September 1979): 208–10. 870 words. Wood, Michael. “A Fine Romance.” New York Review of Books 24 (14 April 1977): 34. Woodcock, George. “One of the Great Canadian Gurus.” Globe and Mail (19 January 1977): 13.

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35. The Stubborn Structure: Essays on Criticism and Society. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1970 Anonymous. Christian Century 87 (18 November 1970): 1385. Brief notice. –  Virginia Quarterly Review 47 (Summer 1971): cxii. Brief review. –  Yale Review 60 (March 1971): vi, x, xiv. 1250 words. Distinguishes between those essays in The Stubborn Structure that are necessary and those that are important. The essays in the first part of the book are necessary because they address fundamental human questions with assurance and humour. Does not find Frye’s discussion of the myth of concern particularly illuminating. Finds the essay on romanticism to be the best applied criticism in the book: it suggests “both great mastery and receptivity to a power ‘below / All thoughts.’” Aranguren, José Luis L. “La crítica mitopoética” [Mythopoetic Criticism]. Triunfo (3 November 1973). Looks at Frye’s general system and its structuralist foundations, noting that he presents a rhetoric of mythology similar to Todorov’s grammar of poetic expression and Lévi-Strauss’s structural mythology. Devotes most of the review to Frye’s understanding of social mythology and to the paradox involved in his call for both detachment and engagement. Brown, Merle. “Critical Theory.” Contemporary Literature 15 (Winter 1974): 131–40. 1900 words. Criticizes Frye’s separation of knowledge and judgment and says that the opponents Frye argues against are straw men: “Frye never argues against any position that a thinking person could consider to be his own.” Maintains that even though Frye does sometimes talk about the overlap of such categories as engagement and detachment, he makes only “minimal concessions to overlapping.” Contrasts Frye’s views with those of Fredric Jameson. Concedes that in “The Instruments of Mental Production” and “The Knowledge of Good and Evil” Frye does offer a proper social vision of the synthesis of self and other. Carena, Carlo. “Critico in utopia.” La Stampa (11 February 1977). Rev. of the Italian trans. Colombo, John Robert. “Polished Performance by a Canadian Essayist.” Toronto Star [Book section] (20 May 1971): 65. 450 words. Observes that what these essays have in common is their clarity of style, range of reference, and treatment of the ideas that have informed Frye’s other books. Thinks that Frye’s “Conclusion” to the Literary History of Canada “offers seminal insights that will keep literary scholars busy for decades.”

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Cox, C.B. “What Tales Should Tell.” Sunday Telegraph [London] (17 January 1971). 440 words. Calls attention primarily to Frye’s revolutionary understanding of education. Daiches, David. Review of English Studies 22 (November 1971): 522–5. 1330 words. Reviews Frye’s characteristic method of literary study, which is to move “outwards from the work under consideration to illuminate it by placing it with other works that employ the same kind of myth, and inwards to interpret its structure and meaning with reference to the general mythopoeic area to which it belongs.” Considers the outward movement to be more conspicuous, especially in the more theoretical essays, even though a writer’s individuality is frequently lost in the process. Remains puzzled by Frye’s views on value judgments. Characterizes Frye’s mind as wide-ranging, original, civilized, provocative, seminal, and humane. Notes that he is a cultural historian as well as a literary critic, and glances at his “perceptively tolerant” essay on Canadian literature. Di Bianco, Giuseppe. “Voci dalle terre sterili” [Voices from Barren Lands]. Roma (25 January 1977). Rev. of the Italian trans. Donoghue, Denis. “Doing as the Greeks.” Listener 85 (21 January 1971): 88. 520 words. Thinks that the justification of Frye’s method is in the illuminating perceptions it produces, as in his essay on Dickens. Finds an altogether new element in Frye’s work to be his belief that the universities embody the real social and moral authority of our age, a belief that strikes Donoghue “as nonsense, or at least as . . . extraordinarily innocent.” “Due lezioni di umanesimo” [Two Lessons of Humanism]. L’Osservatore Romano (5 May 1977). Rev. of the Italian trans. Fischer, Michael. See “Fischer” under reviews of Spiritus Mundi, above. Flamm, Dudley. Books Abroad 45 (Summer 1971): 524. 450 words. Points chiefly to the social vision that emerges from these essays: they reveal “the kind of commitment to the exploration of literary study and its relation to society that only a person with a legitimate social concern could have.” Frankel, Anne. “Literature and Society.” New Society 15 (3 December 1970): 1010–11. 500 words. Looks chiefly at Frye’s views on the social function of literature. Objects to his preferring ideal and eternal values to the moral commitments of the group to which one belongs. Thinks Frye gives “a better testimony to the real value of literature” in the essays on practical criticism in the second half of the book.

Fry, A.J. Neophilologus 55 (October 1971): 466–7. 700 words. Thinks Frye’s work is crippled because his interpretative system, which is detached from literary experience, is a reductive orthodoxy. Says that Frye’s commitment to his system “produces a great deal of comparative religion, intellectual history and circular reasoning but hardly any literary criticism.” Furbank, P.N. “Northrop Frye: The Uses of Criticism.” Mosaic 3 (Summer 1972): 179–84. 2750 words. Says Frye’s system of criticism, as developed in Anatomy of Criticism, arouses admiration and wonder, but doubts that the system has any real critical value beyond classification for its own sake. Quarrels with Frye’s position on value judgments and his views on teaching criticism rather than literature. Concedes that Frye writes luminously about the social role of the critic and the ends of the humanities. Finds the essay on Dickens to be convincing, but concludes that the essay on romanticism employs an external approach, taking us away from individual literary works. G., M. “L’ostinata struttura.” La Fiera letteraria (26 September 1976). Rev. of the Italian trans. Goetsch, Paul. Die neueren Sprachen 72 (March 1973): 172–3. 380 words. Sees the essays in this book as a supplement to Anatomy of Criticism. Thinks Frye’s method comes through best in his genre studies of Dickens and utopian literature. Says that Frye’s explanations are offered mainly as a brilliant justification of his own theories but they are also valuable for anyone interested in literary didacticism. Gonzalo, Angel Capellan. Filología Moderna (November 1971–February 1972): 132–4. 1200 words. Published also in Sin Nombre [San Juan, PR] 2, no. 2 (1971): 90–2. Largely a summary of the book. Says that although the essays lack a unified theme, The Stubborn Structure does embody a unified critical method and a consistent point of view. Hashiguchi, Minoru. Eigo seinen [The Rising Generation] 117 (April 1971): 50. In Japanese. Brief review that points to Frye’s humanistic commitment despite his rejection of value judgments as the basis for literary study. Hough, Graham. “Panoptic Vision.” Spectator 225 (5 December 1970): 733–4. 880 words. Sees The Stubborn Structure as a set of footnotes to Fearful Symmetry and Anatomy of Criticism, though the vision in these essays is not quite as bright as in the originals. What motivates all of Frye’s work is not the spirit of taxonomy, “but the sense of a great closely articulated organic whole; and his earlier and more substantial work is not an aid to academic study but an imaginative construction in its own right.” Finds Frye’s faith in the university as the “real society” implausible. Nevertheless, Frye is “the most

Reviews of Frye’s Books, Excluding Those in the Collected Works

original and stimulating critic of our time,” and the Stubborn Structure contains vestiges of his earlier brilliance. Jackson, Wallace. South Atlantic Quarterly 70 (Summer 1971): 418–20. 900 words. Argues that because these essays are redactions or extensions of earlier work they do not really form a book, and that “the inspiration behind the work is remarkably egocentric, since its greatest value is to document the mind’s own search for new openings.” Says the essays in the first part are an “exercise in humanistic sagacity,” but they exist at the periphery of Frye’s thought. The “book is important only because Frye is important.” Lewis, Roger C. Dalhousie Review 51 (Spring 1971): 109–13. 1870 words. Says that the unity in this collection “derives from the awesome comprehensiveness of Frye’s mind” and that its central concept, treated in the opening essays of each section, is utopia. Summarizes the arguments of these two essays, “The Instruments of Mental Production” and “Varieties of Literary Utopias.” Notes the two essays on Blake give evidence of some common ground between Frye and McLuhan. Judges Frye to be an ideal critic when he is at his best—“when the austere intensity of his prose complements the clarity and power of his insight.” But his essays on romanticism and Canadian literature illustrate that he is not always at his best. McFarlane, J.W. Journal of European Studies 2 (1972): 75. Mauro, Walter. “La critica: Un ordine di parole” [Criticism: An Order of Words]. La Gazzetta del Popolo (30 September 1976). Rev. of the Italian trans. N., P. “La struttura ostinata.” Roma (11 September 1976). Rev. of the Italian trans. Pedullÿaa, Walter. “Abbondano i critici” [Critics Abound]. Avanti! (3 October 1976). Rev. of the Italian trans. Polo, Daniele. “La struttura ostinata.” La fiera letteraria (10 October 1976). 430 words. Rev. of the Italian trans. Says that because of Frye’s originality and openness he is different from the fashionable ideological critics. Compares Frye to Roland Barthes: they both offer new perspectives and both move away from the fragmentation of specialized, disciplinary scholarship. Praz, Mario. “Caro vecchio Frankestein” [Dear Old Frankenstein]. Il Giornale Nuovo (28 October 1976). Rev. of the Italian trans. Puffmore, Henry. “Philistines, Unite.” Bookseller (21 November 1970): 2427. 215 words. Comments briefly on the opposing reviews of the book by Raymond Williams and Stephen Vizinczey.

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Ray, William Ernest. “On Frye and Peckham: A Review Essay.” Southern Humanities Review 8 (Winter 1974): 85–92 [85–8, 92]. 1670 words. Compares and contrasts Frye’s work to that of Morse Peckham in The Triumph of Romanticism, noting that Frye has moved towards a concern with the social and ethical functions of literature. Sees the two parts of the book as “linked both by the terms and principles brought over from the Anatomy and by the Arnoldian dialectic of present and potential society.” Provides an abstract of each of the essays except the final one. Ross, Malcolm. “Northrop Frye.” University of Toronto Quarterly 41 (Winter 1972): 170–3. 1500 words. Says that whatever one reads in this collection, “one is conscious of being in the presence of a scrupulous and discriminating intelligence exercised unfailingly with a concern which never twists into anxiety and with a detachment which never declines into indifference.” Sees Frye primarily as a “salvationist,” one who affirms “the redemptive power of literature for life.” Traces this affirmation through several of the essays in the collection. Sacca, Antonio. “Due lezioni di umanesimo” [Two Lessons of Humanism]. L’Osservatore Romano (5 May 1977). 490 words. Rev. of the Italian trans. Looks at the book primarily as embodying a great sense of unity between classical and biblical culture and the present. Notes that Frye is fundamentally a humanist, who tries to avoid ideological preconceptions. Sage, Lorna. “Aesthetic Democracy?” New Statesman 80 (18 December 1970): 844–5. 900 words. Wishes that Frye’s literary democracy were more open to divergent mythologies, such as social realism. Sanders, Scott. “Literature as Entrance/Literature as Exit.” Cambridge Review 92 (7 May 1971): 177–8. 1450 words. Argues against the radical separation Frye makes between ordinary life and ideal vision, a separation that “tends, like Eliot’s reactionary utopia, to discourage creativity in the present,” sets up a false division between culture and history, and leads to a schizophrenic existence. Likens Frye’s vision of culture to a “proxy theology,” which sees salvation as a kind of utopian, imaginative escape from ordinary society. Sibaldi, Igor A. “Northrop Frye: Il mythos della critica.” Uomini e libri 12, no. 60 (1976): 50. 330 words. Rev. of the Italian trans. Comments briefly on the connection between Anatomy of Criticism and The Stubborn Structure: in the Anatomy Frye was the high priest of a new structuralist religion; in The Stubborn Structure he is a refined gourmet cook. Says that Frye still remains a great humanistic rhetorician.

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Thomas, Gilbert. English 20 (Summer 1971): 62–3. 285 words. Looks briefly at Frye’s central thesis about the social function of literature, which is said to be presented “persuasively and with quiet humour.” Turchi, Roberto. “Metodologia della critica” [Critical Methodology]. La Nazione (17 November 1976). Rev. of the Italian trans. Vizinczey, Stephen. “Reading and Literature: The Rules of the Game.” The Times [London] (12 November 1970): 14. 1125 words. Contrasts Frye’s approach to literature with that of Lukács (“the two most important critics of our time”): Lukács sees literature as a reflection of social reality, whereas Frye sees it as revealing the power of the imagination. The two aesthetic systems, though opposed, complement each other. Says Frye is not so much a critic as a philosopher of literature, whose work is important for the general reader. Williams, Raymond. “A Power to Fight.” The Guardian (12 November 1970): 9. 830 words. Finds Frye to be “one of the four or five people, in contemporary cultural studies, who need to be faced, because of the solidity and influence of their work,” but sees in his work a familiar enemy—an intellectual tradition that places little weight upon contemporary experience, elevates abstraction, and is simply another form of Arnold’s claim that poetry will save us. Woodcock, George. “Criticism and Other Arts.” Canadian Literature 49 (Summer 1971): 3–7 [3–5]. 1050 words. Distinguishes between the academic critic and the public critic. (The first three paragraphs of this review repeat the first three of “Northrop Frye Myth Dispelled: The Genial Public Critic.”) Victoria Daily Times (29 May 1971): 10. Sees the essays in The Stubborn Structure as examples of an academic, detached criticism, which, for all its elegance and ingenuity, is too far removed from the realities of life to be of much interest. Yura, Kimiyoshi. “A Solid Foundation.” Gakuto 68 (January 1971): 36–9. In Japanese. 36. A Study of English Romanticism. New York: Random House, 1968 For reviews of the Collected Works edition, vol. 17, see chapter 7.

Lundin, John. Studia Neophilologica 43, no. 2 (1971): 500–3. 1940 words. Summarizes Frye’s argument about the romantic myth. Sees his originality in the way he can manipulate the large elements in his schematic way of thinking. Frye “challenges us by making us think in historical terms and by refusing to be limited by the usual categories of literature; above all because he is so well-equipped to pursue ritualized artistic forms through their evolution.” Praises the richness of Frye’s allusions and references. Thinks that his arguments are generally convincing if one accepts his premises. Reviews his chapters on Shelley, Keats, and Beddoes, the last of which is an original interpretation, even though Frye’s “fondness for generalizing sometimes leads him astray.” Judges Frye’s primary strength to be the ability he has to visual conceptual patterns. Vanderlip, Eldad C. Newsletter of the Conference on Christianity and Literature 17, no. 4 (Summer 1968): 18–20. Frye sees English Romanticism of the nineteenth century as part of a cultural revolution that extends to our own day. He relates Romanticism to an organic shift in the structure of Western thought. Woodman, Ross. “Literary Studies.” University of Toronto Quarterly 38 (July 1969): 371–3. 880 words. Sees one of the virtues of Frye’s approach to literature to be his bringing neglected literary works, such as Beddoes’s Death’s Jest-Book, into focus. Devotes most of the review to considering Frye’s treatment of Beddoes, who is for the first time integrated into the study of romanticism. Concludes that the “same visionary power inherent in the conception of the poet as prophet is present also in Frye.” 37. T.S. Eliot. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd, 1963 For reviews of the Collected Works edition, vol. 29, see chapter 7. Anonymous. “Nine Writers and Their Critics.” TLS (12 July 1963): 511. Brief notice. –  Quarterly Review 301 (July 1963): 365–6. Brief notice.

Duffy, John. Modern Language Journal 54 (February 1970): 131–2. 710 words. Devotes most of the review to summarizing Frye’s definition of the romantic myth in the first chapter. Judges Frye’s exposition of romanticism and its predecessors to be “interestingly complete.”

Beattie, Munro. “A Wickedly Witty Essay on Eliot in New Series.” Ottawa Citizen (18 May 1963): 14. 320 words. Thinks “the matching-up of the greatest of living poets with the most erudite and acute of living critics” has produced a dismaying result, chiefly because in Frye’s mapping out of analogues and image structures Eliot’s poems get lost. Says that the unseasoned reader should avoid the book; what it provides the seasoned reader is another glimpse of Frye’s learning, intelligence, and wit.

Hashiguchi, Minoru. “Northrop Frye and Romanticism.” Eigo seinen [The Rising Generation] 116 (April 1970): 49. In Japanese.

Blissett, William. “Literary Studies.” University of Toronto Quarterly 33 (July 1964): 401–8. 1070 words. Says that the book possesses the virtues of all of Frye’s work: “it is

Reviews of Frye’s Books, Excluding Those in the Collected Works

strong in relating image to concept, it is well-organized and well-paced, and it does not flatter or insult its subject.” Notes that Frye has learned from Eliot a sense of tradition and that the book is “marked by a sort of tension between progressivism and conservatism.” Cites several of Frye’s witty attacks on Eliot that miss the mark: “Eliot’s words were better weighed than his critic’s.” Cook, Eleanor, and Ramsay Cook. Canadian Annual Review for 1963. Ed. John Saywell. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1964. 457. Brief note. Reviewed along with The Educated Imagination, Fables of Identity, and The Well-Tempered Critic. D’Ambrosio, Oscar. “Os infernos literários de T.S. Eliot, por Northrop Frye” [The Literary Hells of T.S. Eliot, by Northrop Frye]. Caderno de Sábado (1 January 1998). Rev. of Portuguese trans. Ferraz, Heitor. Revista Época 23 (26 October 1998). Rev. of Portuguese trans. http://epoca.globo.com/edic /19981026/cult3b.htm. Mandel, Eli W. “The Language of Humanity: Three Books by Northrop Frye.” Tamarack Review 29 (Autumn 1963): 82–9. 3400 words. Places T.S. Eliot in the context of Frye’s other, purely critical works that relate to the study of literature as a whole and that are distinguished from his social and cultural criticism. Shows that Frye’s way of understanding Eliot is to separate his social and historical studies from his poetic and critical work. “Frye is prepared to grant Eliot his majority but only on Frye’s terms, that is, in so far as Eliot’s thought and imagery form a consistent unit in the deployment of an imaginative vision of innocence and experience.” Nott, Kathleen. “Old Masters.” The Spectator 211 (5 July 1963): 24. 450 words. Sees Frye as engaged in both evaluative criticism (in the early part of the book) and critical analysis. Says that Frye’s “own natural method is a remarkable combination of structural insight and allusive aptness . . . an inductive, indeed, Aristotelian method, which results in both richness and incisiveness. . . . It looks as if Professor Frye had to choose between giving his own critical analysis and cross-sectioning Mr. Eliot’s allusion and symbolism at the greatest width and depth the space would allow.” P., H.B. The Living Church (23 August 1981). Brief notice. Ricks, Christopher. “Yes I Said.” New Statesman 66 (16 August 1963): 198–9. 130 words. Finds Frye to be good on Eliot’s prose. “In a tiny space he manages both to describe justly and to disagree by means of witty inflections.” On Eliot’s poetry, Frye does less well.

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Thomas, Gilbert. “Aspects of Genius.” Poetry Review 54 (Winter 1963–4): 326, 328. 200 words. Judges the book to be a “lucid guide” to Eliot, showing “learning, insight, and balance.” Summarizes Frye’s judgments about Eliot’s view of culture and tradition. Watt, F.W. “The Critic’s Critic.” Canadian Literature 19 (Winter 1964): 51–4. 1600 words. Says the book is “a penetrating and abundantly rewarding study.” Provides an overview of Frye’s reaction to Eliot’s historical myth of decline and notes his endorsement of Eliot’s contribution to critical theory (the order of words). Observes that Frye’s treatment of Eliot’s poetry seeks “to establish the geography of Eliot’s total imaginative world.” Concludes by characterizing the book not as an “elementary handbook” (Frye’s phrase) but as “a critic’s manual, an outline of a creed, a declaration of principle and a demonstration of their practice . . . [and a] conversation about the meaning and value of literature.” West, Paul. “Turning New Leaves (1).” Canadian Forum 43 (December 1963): 207–8. 310 words. Sees Frye’s last chapter as the “most original,” and praises his tactful interpretation of Ash Wednesday. Calls the book a “magisterial study.” Winship, G.P. Bristol Herald-Courier (VA) (17 May 1981). 320 words. Calls Frye’s study a handy introduction that “clearly maps out the intellectual paths to follow” in reading Eliot’s poems. 38. The Well-Tempered Critic. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1963 For reviews of the Collected Works edition, vol. 21, see chapter 7. Anonymous. Booklist 59 (June 1963): 808. –  “El Metodo di Frye.” Il Lazaro (20 August 1974). 175 words. Rev. of the Italian trans. Briefly summarizes the three chapters. –  Virginia Quarterly Review 39 (Autumn 1963): cxxvi. 160 words. –  Yale Review 52 (Summer 1963): xx, xxii. 600 words. Gives a concise summary of each of the three chapters and shows how they fit together as a unit. Sees the book as having more value for those familiar with Anatomy of Criticism than for the general reader. Notes that in the last chapter Frye’s solution to the issue of poetry and belief is quite different from that of such theorists as W.K. Wimsatt, Jr., Frye’s autonomous literary universe containing the world of belief and action rather than escaping it. Beattie, Munro. “Critic Sees New Things in Familiar Writings.” Ottawa Citizen (22 June 1963): 16. 690 words.

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Points to Frye’s interest in theoretical criticism, and says that his contribution to critical theory has had a “sweeping influence on the teaching of English.” Singles out for special comment the distinction Frye makes between prose and ordinary speech because of the insights it provides for teachers of composition. Blissett, William. “Literary Studies.” University of Toronto Quarterly 33 (July 1964): 401–8 [407–8]. 530 words. Calls attention to the “verbal felicities” found throughout the book. Confesses to having some difficulty following the schematic diagram of Frye’s complex taxonomy of high, middle, and low styles. Cairns, A.T.J. Canadian Book Review Annual, 1983. Ed. Dean Tudor and Ann Tudor. Toronto: Simon & Pierre, 1984. 273. 400 words. Reviewed on the occasion of the Canadian reissue of the book, which “welcomes rereading” after twenty years. Carena, Carlo. “Alla scuola di un critico ben temperato” [All of Them Have a Good Review]. La Stampa [Turin] (14 June 1974). 550 words. Rev. of the Italian trans. Glances briefly at The Well-Tempered Critic in a review devoted primarily to The Educated Imagination. Casati, Franco. “Critica e cultura” [Criticism and Culture]. Il Giornale di Vicenza (29 August 1974). 700 words. Rev. of the Italian trans. Lists some of Frye’s central themes and points out that he is sensitive to both substance and form. Says his essays are like Pound’s in the scope of what they undertake: they range from the study of rhetoric to the morality of writing. Looks at Frye’s critique of the way literature is commonly taught in the university. Cook, Eleanor, and Ramsay Cook. Canadian Annual Review for 1963. Ed. John Saywell. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1964. 457. Brief note. Elliott, George P. “Variations on a Theme by Frye.” Hudson Review 16 (Autumn 1963): 467–70. 1800 words. Refers to Frye as “the Blake of criticism,” a brilliant system builder whose books are difficult to synthesize once they have been read. Says The Well-Tempered Critic is “worth a hundred critical studies, better put together but illuminating hardly anything.” Sets down the main idea that reading the book stimulated—that unless we learn to use language well our culture is doomed—and devotes most of the review to a homily to English teachers based on this idea.

Hallie, Philip. “The Master Builder.” Partisan Review 31 (Fall 1964): 650–1, 653–8. 2600 words. Sees The Well-Tempered Critic as an important book, but devotes most of this review to a critique of Frye’s critical system in Anatomy of Criticism. Kibel, Alvin C. “Academic Circles.” Kenyon Review 26 (Spring 1964): 416–22. 1600 words. Places the arguments of the book in the context of Frye’s views in Anatomy of Criticism, which are seen as adumbrations of New Critical doctrines. Thinks Frye’s schema in The Well-Tempered Critic do not “convey anything of the immediate presence of the object he is studying”; instead he is pointing to certain systematic relations that are unverifiable and unrelated to literary experience. In short, Frye is part of a critical ethos that wants to methodize literary study. Mandel, Eli W. “The Language of Humanity: Three Books by Northrop Frye.” Tamarack Review 29 (Autumn 1963): 82–9. 3400 words. Sees The Well-Tempered Critic as Frye’s answer to the paradox of how criticism can be both detached from commitment and engaged in belief and action, an answer that involves a distinction between literary and other kinds of writing, as well as a distinction between “the language of the ego and the language of a genuine self.” Frye seeks to show that some uses of language enslave us and some make us free. Believes that for Frye the “ethical and participating aim” of literature is fulfilled, finally, in the social ideals of the community, which constitute culture. Ostroff, Anthony. Quarterly Journal of Speech 49 (December 1963): 457–8. 590 words. Judges that Frye’s book will be of most value to teachers: “the categories and relationships he establishes are extremely useful.” Summarizes Frye’s central arguments about style, which are said to provide “an integrated view of verbal expression and its relation to literary expression.” Rigoni, Andrea. “Educazione letteraria del critico ben temperato” [Literary Education of the Well-Tempered Critic]. L’Osservatore Romano (2 December 1974). Rev. of the Italian trans.

Engelborghs, Maurits. “Recent Kritisch Werk.” De Zeven Kunsten 7 (19 September 1967): 4.

Rovit, Earl. “The Need for Engagement.” Shenandoah 14 (Summer 1963): 62–5. 1030 words. Explicates the triple pun in the book’s title. Believes that Frye withdraws too much from the existential engagement with literature. Pays tribute to his usefulness as a scholar (“my own possibilities for insight and involvement are enhanced and enlarged by his efforts”), but finds his model of the literary critic to be far too Apollonian.

Griffin, Lloyd W. Library Journal 88 (1 April 1963): 1527. Brief summary of Frye’s classification of literary styles.

Smith, A.J.M. “The Critic’s Task: Frye’s Latest Work.” Canadian Literature 20 (Spring 1964): 6–14. 3560

Reviews of Frye’s Books, Excluding Those in the Collected Works

words. Recapitulates in detail the arguments of each of the three chapters. Says that although the framework of the book is expository, its technique is that of a philosophical poem, organized in such a way as to make it a unified work of art. Observes that the tone of the first chapter is set by satire and controlled indignation; that of the second by rational argument, complemented by an aphoristic tour de force; and that of the third by a tight organization that moves to a metaphysical climax. Stilwell, Robert L. Books Abroad 38 (Spring 1964): 186. 270 words. Brief review that judges the book to be marked by “hard thought and abiding intelligence.”

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Donoghue, Denis. New York Review of Books 39 (9 April 1992): 25. Fetherling, Douglas. “True to His Own Tastes.” Toronto Star (24 November 1990): G13. “Finding the Bonds Uniting Bible and Literature.” Philadelphia Inquirer (23 December 1990). Findlay, L.M. “The Divine Legation of Northrop Frye.” English Studies in Canada 19 (June 1993): 177–8. Forst, Graham. “Angel-Minister.” Canadian Literature 134 (Autumn 1992): 149–51.

Walsh, Chad. “Clearing Away a Multitude of Literary Confusions.” Chicago Tribune Magazine of Books (7 April 1963): 2. 400 words. Gives a brief summary of Frye’s exposition of style and praises the book for its own elegant and precise style and for its power to clarify.

Fulford, Robert. “Frye Expands on Earlier Work. The Bible Revisited.” Ottawa Citizen (20 April 1991): J3.

Weisinger, Herbert. “Victories in a Lost War.” New Leader 46 (13 May 1963): 18–19. 410 words. Sees Frye’s work as belonging to a new generation of scholar-critics who understand their methods and purposes as analogous to those of science, yet who also defend the traditional moral function of literature.

Gerry, Thomas. Canadian Book Review Annual 1990: 269–70.

39. Words with Power: Being a Second Study of “The Bible and Literature.” New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1990 For reviews of the Collected Works edition, vol. 26, see chapter 7. Adams, Robert M. “God and the Critics.” New York Times Book Review (31 March 1991): 14. Adamson, Joe. “The Last Words of Northrop Frye.” Essays on Canadian Writing 47 (Fall 1992): 139–48.

Garebian, Keith. “Frye’s ‘Sequel’ Supplies Abundant Insight and Wit.” Quill & Quire 56 (September 1990): 60.

The Griffin 40 (November 1990): 3–4. Guardiani, Francesco. “Northrop Frye e il potere della parola” [Northrop Frye and the Power of the Word]. Quaderni d’italianistica 12, no. 1 (1991): 133–42. Gyula, Vattamány. “Northrop Frye mint az univerzális kritika-tudomány apologétája” [“Northrop Frye as an Apologist for Universal Criticism”] Holmi 11, no. 1 (January 1999): 132–7. In Hungarian. Hart, Jonathan. “Northrop Frye and the End/s of Ideology.” Comparative Literature 47, no. 2 (Spring 1995): 160–74. Jordan-Smith, Paul. Parabola 16, no. 1 (1991): 135–8.

Ages, Arnold. “Words with Power Finds a Vision of Life in Bible: Critic Northrop Frye Seeks Literature “Plus” in Continued Scrutiny.” Kansas City Star [Missouri] (6 January 1990).

Journal of the American Academy of Religion 62 (Spring 1994): 163.

Archer, Stanley. Magill Book Reviews. 5 January 1991.

Kakutani, Michiko. “Symbiosis of Bible and Literature.” New York Times 140 (4 December 1990): B2(N), C19(L).

Beard, Craig W. Library Journal 115, no. 20 (15 November 1990): 72. Britt, Brian. Continuum 1, no. 3 (1991): 190–1. Brown, Allan. “Language of Descent.” The Whig–Standard [Kingston, ON] (5 January 1991): 1. Corn, Alfred. “From Genesis to Revelations.” Washington Post Book World (23 December 1990): X5. D’Evelyn, Thomas. Christian Science Monitor (Eastern edition) (21 December 1990): 15.

Kaganoff, P. Publishers Weekly 239, no. 14 (16 March 1992): 76.

Keith, W.J. “The Bible of the Imagination.” Globe and Mail (1 December 1990). Kenner, Hugh. “The Words We Live By.” The World and I 6 (March 1991): 356–62. Kermode, Frank. “The Children of Concern.” English Studies in Canada 19 (June 1993): 195–9. Kirkus Reviews (15 September 1990). Brief notice.

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Knowles, Richard Paul. “The Canons of the Authentic.” Books in Canada 19, no. 8 (1 November 1990): 15.

Szilágyi, György. “Northrop Frye: Kettõs tükör; Az ige hatalma.” Vigilia 63 (April 1998). Rev. of the Hungarian trans.

Kort, Wesley A. America 164, no. 13 (6 April 1991) 382–5.

Takayanagi, Shunichi. Bulletin of the Institute for Christian Culture 10 (September 1991): 92–5.

Lee, Alvin. Queen’s Quarterly 98 (Fall 1991): 703–5. McGinn-Moorer, Sheila. Booklist (15 October 1990). Brief notice. Mallon, Thomas. “Literature’s Debt to Myth and the Bible.” Newsday (22 November 1990): section 2, p. 6. Manicom, David. “Back to the Bible Goes Dr. Frye.” The Gazette [Montreal, QC] (5 January 1991): H3. Marchand, Philip. “Vintage Frye.” Toronto Star (24 November 1990): G12. Marx, Steven. Journal of the American Academy of Religion 62, no. 1 (Spring 1994): 163–72. Matamoro, Blas. Cuadernos Hispanoamericanos 558 (1996): 138–9. Rev. of the Spanish trans. Meagher, John C. Religion & Literature 24 (Summer 1992): 83–90. Monferrer Sala, Juan Pedro. Boletín de la Asociación Española de Orientalistas 34 (1998): 433–4. Rev. of the Spanish trans.

Toolan, David. Commonweal 118, no. 6 (22 March 1991): 199–201. Vancook, Bert. Presbyterian Record 115 (May 1991): 31, 33. Walker, Craig Stewart. “Of Janus, Job and ‘J’: A Review of Words with Power.” Northrop Frye Newsletter 3, no. 2 (Spring 1991): 32–5. Wilson Quarterly 15, no. 2 (1991): 96. Yan, Peter. “Frye Concludes a Fearful, Mythic Journey.” The Varsity [University of Toronto] (8 January 1991): 13. Ziolkowski, Eric J. Journal of Religion 72, no. 3 (July 1992) 478–9. 40. A World in a Grain of Sand: Twenty-Two Interviews with Northrop Frye. Ed. Robert D. Denham. New York: Peter Lang, 1991 Findlay, L.M. “The Divine Legation of Northrop Frye.” English Studies in Canada 19 (June 1993): 161–78.

New York 23 (10 September 1990): 118.

Forst, Graham. “Angel-Minister.” Canadian Literature 134 (1990): 149–51.

Pelletier, A.M. Esprit 205 (1994): 183–5. Rev. of the French trans.

Hair, Donald S. Wascana Review of Contemporary Poetry and Short Fiction 27, no. 2 (1992): 58–62.

Publishers Weekly 229 (16 March 1992): 76.

Hamilton, A.C. “Northrop Frye in Print and Conversation.” Queen’s Quarterly 101, no. 4 (1994): 896–7.

Robert, Philippe de. Revue d’histoire et de philosophie religieuses 80, no. 2 (April–June 2000): 314. Rev. of the French trans. Queen’s Quarterly 99, no. 3 (Fall 1991): 703–5. Schindler, Marc A. Sunstone (February 1992): 61. Rev. appears also at http://www.members.shaw.ca/jschindler /frye_2.htm. Steward, Gillian. Calgary Herald (9 February 1991): C6. Stuttaford, Genevieve. Publishers Weekly (5 October 1990). Brief notice.

Hart, Jonathan. Canadian Review of Comparative Literature/Revue canadienne de littérature comparée 20, nos. 1–2 (1993): 139–71. M., M. The Romantic Movement Bibliography. New York, 1991. No. 61215. Vandervlist, Harry. Recherches sémiotiques/Semiotic Inquiry, 13, no. 2 (1993): 205–15. Walker, Craig Stewart. “Unpopular Anachronism of a Critic with Vision.” Compass 11 (September–October 1993): 37–9.

Chapter 7

Reviews of the Volumes in Frye’s Collected Works

Not long after Frye’s death Eva Kushner, president of Victoria University, began exploring the idea of bringing together Frye’s writings into a collected edition. The idea of a Collected Works had been suggested to her in May 1991 by Frye’s colleague and former student James Carscallen. The idea that Victoria University should sponsor such a project soon began to take shape, and not long afterward John M. Robson, who had been the general editor of the works of John Stuart Mill for the University of Toronto Press, agreed to assume the same role for Frye’s writings. His assistant for the Mill edition, Jean O’Grady, was persuaded to lend her considerable editorial expertise to the project. President Kushner had established a space for work on the project in the Northrop Frye Centre at Victoria, and provided other means of support. Earlier the Frye estate had given Robert Denham permission to edit and publish the large body of Frye’s previously unpublished writings—his notebooks, diaries, correspondence, and miscellaneous writings. Denham, who had spent several years transcribing and annotating the letters of Frye and Helen Kemp from the 1930s, agreed that the unpublished work should become a part of the Collected Works. The project was given a terrible jolt with the untimely death of Robson shortly before the release of the first two volumes of the Collected Works, The Correspondence of Northrop Frye and Helen Kemp. But the project was rescued in late 1995 when Alvin A. Lee, a former student of Frye and president emeritus of McMaster University, agreed to serve as general editor. Lee was able to secure a substantial grant from the Michael G. De Groote family to provide for staffing and other financial assistance. He and his associate editor, Jean O’Grady, guided the project for a decade and a half, working with some fifteen editors to produce volumes at the rather astonishing rate of two or three per year. The two large categories of Frye’s writings are his published work and the previously unpublished papers, the

latter (13 of the 29 volumes) being nearly as expansive as the former. Frye’s four major works—Fearful Symmetry, Anatomy of Criticism, The Great Code, and Words with Power—appear as single volumes. His other published writings have been distributed over twelve volumes according to such principles as subject matter (religion, education), historical period (eighteenth-and-nineteenth-century literature, twentieth-century literature, modern culture), and major writers (Blake and Milton, Shakespeare and the Renaissance). Three of the volumes are devoted to Frye’s writings in the general area of critical theory and one to his writings on Canadian subjects. Finally, there is the large collection of interviews with Frye. Denham persuaded Michael Dolzani, Frye’s longtime research assistant, to help him transcribe and edit the previously unpublished materials, the final volume of which they jointly edited. The Collected Works is not a complete edition of Frye’s writing. Speeches, notes, and interviews: recordings of the countless talks he gave over the course of almost sixty years will, no doubt, continue to turn up. Already a volume called Northrop Frye’s Uncollected Prose has appeared (University of Toronto Press, 2015). Nor is the Collected Works a critical edition, recording all the variants of the copy-text. It is rather what those involved in the project have called a reader’s edition. For fuller accounts of the history of the Collected Works see Alvin Lee’s “‘The Collected Works of Northrop Frye’: The Project and the Edition” in the files of the Frye Centre; Jean O’Grady’s “The Collected Works of Northrop Frye,” English Studies at Toronto, 1, no. 8 (Fall– Winter 2001): 1–2; Alvin Lee’s “The Collected Works of Northrop Frye: A Progress Report,” Northrop Frye Newsletter 9, no. 2 (Summer 2002): 12–14; and “The Collected Works of Northrop Frye: The Project and the Edition,” in Northrop Frye: New Directions from Old, ed. David Rampton (Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 2009), 1–15. Reviews of the various volumes of the Collected Works that have thus far appeared follow the bibliographic entry.

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Volumes 1 and 2 The Correspondence of Northrop Frye and Helen Kemp, 1932–1939. Ed. Robert D. Denham. 2 vols. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1996. xxxii + ix + 979 pp. A collection of some 266 letters, cards, and telegrams that Helen Kemp and Northrop Frye wrote to each other during the six periods of their lives when they were apart, from the winter of 1932 until the summer of 1939. The letters form a compelling narrative of their early relationship. They tell of a romance in which two people fall in love, want to get married, and are confronted with obstacles blocking their path, including lack of money and the education they both need to advance their careers. But the story is much more than a romance. The letters reveal Frye’s early talent as a writer, illustrating that both the matter and the manner of his criticism had begun to take shape when he was only nineteen. Helen Kemp’s expressiveness and intelligence come through clearly in her letters, which were only discovered in 1992. Kemp and Frye share their thoughts on literature, music, religion, politics, education, and a host of other topics. They discuss their alma mater, Victoria College; artists and musicians of Toronto; southwestern Saskatchewan, where Frye spent a summer as a pastor on a United Church circuit; Frye’s hometown, Moncton, New Brunswick; and Kemp’s neighbourhood on Fulton Avenue in Toronto. We travel with them around the world, from Ottawa to Rome. We see through their eyes the early years of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, the struggles of the United Church of Canada, the activities of the Student Christian Movement, the appeal of Communism, the rise of fascism, and the beginnings of art education in the galleries of Canada. reviews: Anonymous. “Biography Book Review: The Correspondence of Northrop Frye and Helen Kemp. YouTube audio review. http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=IXtHHO-foI8. Ayre, John. “The Mating Call of the Intellectual.” Canadian Forum 77 (April 1997): 34–5. Baker, William. Style (Winter 1997). Brief notice. Bemrose, John. “Terms of Endearment.” Maclean’s (7 April 1997): 93. Bogdan, Deanne. University of Toronto Quarterly 67 (Winter 1997): 316–18. Buckley, Jerome. Journal of Canadian Poetry 14 (January 1997): 158–61. Canadian Book Review Annual (1966): 45. Coles, Don. “Young Northrop Frye.” Globe and Mail [Toronto] (8 February 1997): D15. The Correspondence reveals “an unmistakable and close-to-unique

intelligence” who “triumphs over footnotes, his own youth and a funny hairdo.” Cotrupi, Nella. “What Happened to Helen?” Books in Canada 29, no. 9 (December 1996): 8–9. Gazette [Montreal], (14 March 1997): A2. Brief notice. Graham, Brian. Textual Practice 13 (Spring 1999): 205–9. Keith, W.J. “Portrait of the Scholar as a Young Man.” Literary Review of Canada (December 1996): 18–19. Fulford, Robert. “Frye’s Letters to Kemp Reveal the Heart of a Taciturn Legend.” Globe and Mail [Toronto] (12 February 1997). McLemee, Scott. “Canada Frye.” Lingua Franca 8 (April 1998): 26–8. New, W.H. “Mapping 1996.” Canadian Literature 154 (Autumn 1997): 188. “Northrop Loves Helen.” U of T Bulletin (19 August 1996). http://www.news.utoronto.ca/bin/bulletin/aug19_96/ reviews.htm. Schiefer, Nancy. “Frye-Kemp Letters Show Scholar’s Private Side.” London [Ontario] Free Press (19 April 1997): D7. Staines, David. “Poetry Review for the Year 1997.” Journal of Canadian Poetry 14 (1999). Stuart, Dabney. “Historical Narrative in Letters.” Roanoke Times (16 March 1997): 4, “Extra” section. Taylor, Bruce. “Portrait of a Scholar in Love: Northrop Frye and His Wife-to-Be Kept a Remarkable Correspondence.” Gazette [Montreal] (15 March 1997): 11. “There is clearly a need, or at least a market, for a Collected Works of Northrop Frye, and University of Toronto Press has made plans to provide one. A team of textual experts will spend years, possibly decades, combing through Frye’s literary remains, collating, annotating, comparing variants. It is meticulous work, rather like the embalming of a pharaoh. When the process is complete, Frye will be passed down to posterity in a 30-volume matched set containing not only published works but selections from letters, diaries, speeches and notebooks. The first volumes of Frye’s Collected Works were launched on Valentine’s day. They contain a remarkable series of letters exchanged between the young Frye and his girlfriend, Helen Kemp. The correspondence begins in 1932, when Frye was 19 and Kemp is 21. Separated, off and on, for the next seven years, they kept their love alive in the mail in a delightfully candid and articulate exchange of news, ideas, gossip, and artful endearments. They worked hard to amuse and delight one another, and their correspondence would be a pleasure to read even if Frye had not gone on to become a sort of national treasure. The letters provide a fascinating record of life in the ’30s, including memorable descriptions of rural Saskatchewan, Italy under Mussolini and England on the brink of war.”

Reviews of the Volumes in Frye’s Collected Works

Tischler, N. Choice 34 (April 1997): 34–4317. Brief notice. Warkentin, Germaine. “Northrop Frye in Youth.” Canadian Literature 158 (Summer 1998): 135–9. Year’s Work in English Studies 77 (1996): 543. Brief review.

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reviews: Gibson, Stacey. “The Northrop Frye You Never Knew.” University of Toronto Magazine (Autumn 2007). Howells, C.A. British Journal of Canadian Studies 22, no. 2 (2009): 278. Morra, Linda. “Glorious Lives.” Canadian Literature 200 (Spring 2009): 133–4. Reference & Research Book News 23, no. 2 (May 2008).

Elliott, Ron. British Journal of Canadian Studies 13, no. 2 (1998): 419. Good, Alex. Kitchener–Waterloo Record (16 May 1998). “Intellectual influences are more obvious in student writing and these papers make it clear who the young Frye was leaning on (Frazer and Spengler come up a lot) and who he was not (Freud is out). Since most of the essays were written for courses at Emmanuel College, the divinity school at the University of Toronto, there is an emphasis on the interpenetration of literature and religious thought—a theme that would dominate most of Frye’s later work.” Graham, Brian. Textual Practice 13 (Spring 1999): 205–9. Keith, W.J. Canadian Book Review Annual (1977): 271. McLemee, Scott. “Canada Frye.” Lingua Franca 8 (April 1998): 26–8. Murray, Heather. “Northrop Frye: A Double Vision.” Canadian Literature 165 (Summer 2000): 133–5. Ottawa Citizen (15 February 1998): E7. Brief notice.

Volume 3 Northrop Frye’s Student Essays, 1932–1938. Ed. Robert D. Denham. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997. xxix + 557 pp.

Volume 4 Northrop Frye on Religion. Ed. Alvin A. Lee and Jean O’Grady. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000. xxxvii + 432 pp.

contents: “The Basis of Primitivism” / “Romanticism” / Robert Browning: An Abstract Study” / “The Concept of Sacrifice” / “The Fertility Cults” / “The Jewish Background of the New Testament: An Essay in Historical Apocalyptic” / “The Age and Type of Christianity in the Epistle of James” / “Doctrine of Salvation in John, Paul, and James” / “St. Paul and Orphism” / “ The Augustinian Interpretation of History” / “The Life and Thought of Ramon Lull” / “Robert Cowton to Thomas Rondel, Lector at Balliol College, Oxford” / “Relative Importance of the Causes of the Reformation” / “Gains and Losses of the Reformation” / “A Study of the Impact of Cultural Movements upon the Church in England during the Nineteenth Century” / “The Relation of Religion to the Arts” / “The Relation of Religion to the Arts Forms of Music and Drama” / “An Inquiry into the Art Forms of Prose Fiction” / “The Importance of Calvin for Philosophy” / “T.S. Eliot and Other Observations” / “A Reconsideration of Chaucer”

An annotated edition of Frye’s writings on the Bible and religion over a period of fifty-seven years between 1933 and 1990. The overall variety of writings is wide, including major essays, addresses, sermons, editorials, and representative prayers and benedictions.

A Glorious and Terrible Life with You: Selected Correspondence of Northrop Frye and Helen Kemp, 1932– 1939, selected and edited by Margaret Burgess from the edition prepared by Robert D. Denham. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007. xxxvii + 426 pp.

reviews: Aitken, Johan L. University of Toronto Quarterly 68 (Winter 1998/99): 541–3. Baker, William. Style (Winter 1999). Brief notice. Birns, Nicholas. Canadian Review of Comparative Literature/Revue Canadienne de Littérature Comparée 25, nos. 3–4 (1998): 592–5. Fraser, John. “Tackling the Pile of Books . . .” Toronto Star (19 April 1998): E1.

contents: “Pistis and Mythos” / “History and Myth in the Bible” / “The Meaning of Recreation: Humanism in Society” / Creation and Recreation / “The Double Mirror” / “Repetitions of Jacob’s Dream” / “The Bride from the Strange Land” / “The Mythical Approach to Creation” / “Crime and Sin in the Bible” / “The Bible and English Literature” / “On the Bible” / The Double Vision: Language and Meaning in Religion / “The Freshman and His Religion” / “Merry Christmas (I)” / “So Many Lost Weekends” / “Merry Christmas?” / “Merry Christmas (II)” / “Merry Christmas (III)” / “The Church: Its Relation to Society” / “Man and the Sabbath” / “The Analogy of Democracy” / “At the Memorial Service for Deceased Students” / “Baccalaureate Sermon” / “Symbols” / “Funeral Service for Virginia Knight” / “Sermon in the Merton College Chapel” / “Stanley Llewellyn Osborne” / “A Leap in the Dark” / “Wisdom and Knowledge” / “On Christmas” / “Wedding of Patricia Russell and Andrew Binnie” / “Substance and Evidence” / “Memorial Service for Mrs. Jean Haddow” / “A Breath of Fresh Air” / “Baccalaureate Service (I)” / “Funeral Service for Jean Gunn” / “Baccalaureate Service (II)” / “The Dialectic of

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Belief and Vision” / “To Come to Light” / “On Lent” / “Baccalaureate Service (III)” / “Baccalaureate Service (IV)” / “Undated Prayers” reviews: Engler, Steven. Religious Studies Review 28, no. 1 (January 2002): 87. Forst, Graham. “Frye on Christianity.” Canadian Literature 177 (Summer 2003): 158–9. Graham, Brian. Religion and Literature 36, no. 1 (Spring 2004): 101–4. Jay, Douglas. The Observer [United Church of Canada] 64, no. 6 (January 2001): 45. Lawrence, Joseph P. Southern Humanities Review 36, no. 3 (Summer 2002): 277–80. MacEwen, Philip. Literature and Theology 17, no. 2 (June 2003): 215–16. Marshall, D.G. Journal of Religion 82, no. 2 (April 2002): 343–4. Meynell, Hugo. “Word of Frye Sheds Light on the Bible.” National Post (24 June 2000): B8. Perkin, J. Russell. English Studies in Canada 27, nos. 1–2 (March–June 2001): 233–6. Velaidum, Joe. Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 29, no. 3 (2000): 358–9. Volumes 5 and 6 Northrop Frye’s Late Notebooks, 1982–1990: Architecture of the Spiritual World. Ed. Robert D. Denham. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000. xlix + 949. contents: Notebooks 27, 44, 50, Notes 52, 53, 54.1, 54.2, Notebooks 46, 47, 48, 11h, and Notes 55.1 reviews: Denham, Paul. English Studies in Canada 28, no. 4 (December 2002): 782–90. Eagleton, Terry. “Having One’s Kant and Eating It.” London Review of Books 23, no. 8 (19 April 2001). Rpt. as “Northrop Frye” in Eagleton’s Figures of Dissent (London: Verso, 2003), 96–103; trans. as Figure del dissenso: Saggi critici su Fish, Spivak, Zizek e altri (Rome: Meltemi, 2007). Forst, Graham. “Frye Redux?” Canadian Literature 135 (Winter 2002): 140–2. Keith, W.J. Canadian Book Review Annual (2000): 239. Munk, Linda. University of Toronto Quarterly 71 (Winter 2001): 340. Rogers, Bob. “The Inner Frye.” Literary Review of Canada 15, no. 2 (April 2007): 18–20. Wilson, A.N. “Despite Frye’s Efforts, We Still Don’t Get the Point.” Daily Telegraph [London] (24 September 2001): 23.

Volume 7 Northrop Frye’s Writings on Education. Ed. Goldwin French and Jean O’Grady. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000. liii + 684 pp. contents: “The Bob” / “Victoria College Debating Parliament” / “That Trinity Debate” / “The Case against Examinations” / “Arthur Richard Cragg” / “On the Frosh: An Editorial” / “Editorial in Undress (I)” / “James Delmar Martin” / “The Question of Maturity: An Editorial” / “Editorial in Undress (II)” / “Editorial in Undress (III)” / “The Pass Course: A Polemic” / “A Liberal Education” / “Education and the Humanities” / “Back to Work” / “For Whom the Dunce Cap Fits” / “Have We a National Education?” / “The Study of English in Canada” / “Address to the Graduating Class of Victoria College” / “Humanities in a New World” / “Greetings from the Principal” / “By Liberal Things” / “Senior Dinner Address” / “The Critical Discipline” / “Dialogue Begins” / “Push-Button Gadgets May Help—But the Teacher Seems Here to Stay” / “Autopsy of an Old Grad’s Grievance” / “Introduction to Design for Learning” / “The Developing Imagination” / “To the Class of ‘62 at Queen’s” / “The Changing Pace in Canadian Education” / “The Dean of Women” / “Convocation Address, University of British Columbia” / “The Principal’s Message” / “We Are Trying to Teach a Vision of Society” / “Elementary Teaching and Elemental Scholarship” / “Foreword to The Living Name” / “Education—Protection against Futility” / “The Classics and the Man of Letters” / “Charles Bruce Sissons, 1879–1965” / “New Programmes” / “Report on the ‘Adventure’ Series” / “Speculation and Concern” / “The Time of the Flood” / “The Instruments of Mental Production” / “Speech at a Freshman Welcome” / “The Knowledge of Good and Evil” / “A New Principal for Victoria” / “The Question of ‘Success’” / “A Meeting of Minds” / “Higher Education and the Personal Life” / “The University and the Heroic Vision” / “Convocation Address, Franklin and Marshall” / “Book Learning and the Barricades” / “The Social Importance of Literature” / “Research and Graduate Education in the Humanities” / “The Ethics of Change: The Role of the University” / “ The University and Personal Life: Student Anarchism and the Educational Contract” / “An Ideal University Community” / “In Memoriam: Miss Jessie Macpherson” / “The Day of Intellectual Battle: Reflections on Student Unrest” / “Convocation Address, York University” / “Congratulatory Statement to Dartmouth” / “Hart House Rededicated” / “On Horace” / “A Revolution Betrayed: Freedom and Necessity in Education” / “The Definition of a University” / “Education and the Rejection of Reality” / “On Teaching Literature” / “Wright Report (I) and (II)” / “Universities and the Deluge of Cant” / “The Critic and the Writer” / “Foreword to The Child as Critic” / “Foreword to

Reviews of the Volumes in Frye’s Collected Works

ADE and ADFL Bulletins” / “Address at the Installation of Gordon Keyes as Principal of Victoria College” / “Presidential Address at the MLA” / “Reminiscences” / “The Teacher’s Source of Authority” / “Address on Receiving the Royal Bank Award” / “Installation Address as Chancellor” / “The Chancellor’s Message” / “Criticism as Education” / “The Beginning of the Word” / “Installation of Alvin Lee” / “The View from Here” / “The Authority of Learning” / “Language as the Home of Human Life” / “On Living inside Real Life” / “Farewell to Goldwin French” / “Foreword to English Studies at Toronto” / “Preface to On Education” / “Preface to From Cobourg to Toronto” / “Unpublished Introduction to Beyond Communication” / “Woman Heads University” reviews: Burke, Anne. Prairie Journal of Canadian Literature 37 (2001–2): 46–55. Denham, Paul. English Studies in Canada 28, no. 4 (December 2002): 782–90. Dornan, Christopher. “The Gentle Homilies of Northrop Frye.” The Gazette [Montreal, QC] (3 December 1988): K10. Findlay, L.M. University of Toronto Quarterly 71 (Winter 2001): 342–4. Forst, Graham. “Anatomy of Humanism.” Canadian Literature 178 (Autumn 2003): 129–30. Graham, Brian. Education Review [Arizona State University] (20 August 2004). Hillen, David. Education Forum 29, no. 1 (Winter 2003). Keith, W.J. Canadian Book Review Annual (2000): 377. Moran, Maureen. British Journal of Canadian Studies 15, nos. 1–2 (September 2002): 254–5. Nicholson, Mervyn. Historical Studies in Education/ Revue d’histoire de l’éducation (Fall/Automne 2002): 379–83. Reference & Research Book News 16 (May 2001): 170. Rubeli, David. “Northrop Frye on Liberal Education.” Writing Reality (4 April 2005). http://weblogs.elearning. ubc.ca/rubeli/archives/cat_liberal_education.html. Schiralli, Martin. Canadian Journal of Higher Education 32, no. 2 (2002): 151–60. Volume 8 The Diaries of Northrop Frye, 1942–1955. Ed. Robert D. Denham. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2001. liii + 821 pp. contents: Diaries from 1942, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, and 1955, along with Appendix 1, “Directory of the People Mentioned in the Diaries,” and Appendix 2, “Radio Talks and Published Writings of Helen Kemp Frye.”

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reviews: [“The Globe 100.” Northrop Frye’s Diaries was selected by the book editors of the Globe and Mail as one of the 100 best books for winter reading (Saturday, 24 November 2001)] “Die Anekdote. Leipziger Bücherlei (11 November 2001). http://dostoevskij.purespace.de/petit/2001c.htm. Ayre, John. “The Other Face of Northrop Frye.” Globe and Mail (13 October 2001): D2–3, D10. Batten, Jack. “Prof. Frye Got It Right.” Toronto Star (13 January 2002): 15. [devoted mostly to Frye’s reading of detective stories] Cotrupi, Nella. “Northrop Frye’s Diaries: The Body and the Spirit.” Books in Canada 31 (April 2002): 23–4. Denham, Paul. English Studies in Canada 28, no. 4 (December 2002): 782–90. Forst, Graham. “Doldrum Years.” Canadian Literature 178 (Autumn 2003): 131–2. Fulford, Robert. “Happy to Do the Lord’s Work.” National Post (30 October 2001). [This review was featured on the “Arts and Letters Daily” website, beginning 2 November 2001.] Globe and Mail. “Book Reviews.” http://archives. theglobeandmail.com/hubs/focus_bookreviews.html. Hammersmith, J.P. Southern Humanities Review 38, no. 1 (Winter 2004): 95–9. Heer, Jeet. “Dr. Frye and Mr. Hyde.” National Post (5 July 2003). Keith, W.J. Canadian Book Review Annual (2002): 244. “Literaturkritik und Fleiß.” Kuriose und erstaunliche Meldungen [Literary Criticism and Diligence. Curious and Amazing News]. Archiv 1. http://www.dostoevskij. purespace.de/texte/news/kurios1.htm. Marchand, Philip. “Frye’s Diaries Confirm McLuhan’s Suspicion.” Toronto Star (30 November 2002): J06. Munk, Linda. University of Toronto Quarterly 72, no. 1 (Winter 2002): 527–8. Owen, Gerald. “Diary of an Introverted Man about Town.” National Post (24 November 2001). “Most, if not all, readers of Fearful Symmetry have been unable to see a dividing line between [Northrop Frye]’s [William Blake] and Frye himself, between exposition and commentary. These diaries confirm Frye was a Blakean, not only as a scholar but also as a believer. . . . More often, though, he speaks in an unstuffy, often foul-mouthed vernacular. Many have explained Frye’s work as a critic in the light of the fact he was a United Church minister. But what kind of Christian shepherd—or indeed sheep—would praise his church, as Frye does here, ‘because it contains a sort of church-destroying principle within itself, having already destroyed three’ by merging them. . . . elsewhere in the diaries, Frye says, ‘I don’t want a Church of any kind.’ Through most of these diaries, Frye does not quite write another major book on a single author, as he

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had with Blake. Though there are short diary-keeping periods later, in 1953 and 1955, the bulk of this volume ends in 1952, with the beginning of a year’s leave in and around Harvard, during which he will not succeed in writing a book on The Faerie Queen. I suspect Frye eventually found Edmund Spenser to be too much inside mainstream Christianity—also too tied to a courtly, gentlemanly way of life. To Blake, Frye had fully given himself as a convert. Spenser was too conventional; so too was John Milton, for all his radicalism.” Reference & Research Book News 17 (February 2002): 202. Sirluck, Ernest. “The Diary of a Man Called God.” Literary Review of Canada 10, no. 7 (September 2002): 22–3. Tolan, Fiona. British Journal of Canadian Studies 16, no. 2 (September 2003): 404–5. See also: Douglas Fisher. “There Are More Than 50 years between an Incident Recounted by Northrop Frye in His Diaries and a Major Lecture at the University of Toronto, yet the Two Have a Connection.” Ottawa Sun (6 March 2002): 14. On the diaries and the notebooks, see Jeet Heer’s “Northrop Frye Revisited,” National Post (5 July 2003). Volume 9 The “Third Book” Notebooks of Northrop Frye, 1964–1972: The Critical Comedy. Ed. Michael Dolzani. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2002. lxiv + 480 pp. contents: Notebooks 19, 6, 12, 24, and a set of typed notes entitled “Work in Progress.” reviews: Forst, Graham. “Frye’s Critical Comedy.” Canadian Literature 181 (Summer 2004): 123–5. Keith. W.J. Canadian Book Review Annual (2002): 40. Perkin, J. Russell. University of Toronto Quarterly 73, no. 1 (Winter 2003): 321–3. Rogers, Bob. “The Inner Frye.” Literary Review of Canada 15, no. 2 (April 2007): 18–20. Tolan, Fiona. British Journal of Canadian Studies 16, no. 2 (2003): 404–5. Volume 10 Northrop Frye on Literature and Society, 1936–1989. Ed. Robert D. Denham. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2002. xxviii + 420 pp. Drawn from previously unpublished essays, talks, reviews and papers, this volume of the Collected Works spans some fifty years of his long writing career. contents: “Rencontre: The General Editor’s Introduction” / “Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales” / “George Orwell” / “Shakespeare’s

Comedy of Humors” / “The Writer as Prophet: Milton, Swift, Blake, Shaw” / “The Literary Meaning of ‘Archetype’” / “Literature and Language” / “Blake’s Jerusalem” / “The Present Condition of the World” / “Leisure and Boredom” / “Criticism and Society” / “Articulate English” / “Tradition and Change in the Theory of Criticism” / “The Social Uses of Literature” / “Canadian Identity and Cultural Regionalism” / “Icons and Iconoclasm” / “Reviews of Television Programs for the Canadian Radio-Television Commission” / “Introduction to Harold Innis’s ‘A History of Communications’” / “William Butler Yeats” / Reviews of “Lewis Hyde, Southern Cross, and The Oxford Book of Nursery Rhymes” / “Reviews of Alessandro Manzoni, The Betrothed, and Pär Lagerkvist, Barabbas” / “Reviews of Reinhold Niebuhr, The Irony of American History and Herbert Butterfield, History and Human Relations” / “Josef Pieper, Leisure: the Basis of Culture” / “Convocation Address, Acadia University” / “Convocation Address, McGill University” / “Convocation Address, University of Bologna” / “The Social Context of Literary Criticism” reviews: Fetherling, George, “One More Turn in the Limelight.” Vancouver Sun (7 December 2002): F21. Fisher, Douglas. Ottawa Sun (3 July 2002). Forst, Graham. “Frye’s Critical Commentary.” Canadian Literature 181 (Summer 2004): 123–5. Fulford, Robert. “Northrop Frye: Television Critic.” National Post (6 July 2002). Keith, W.J. Canadian Book Review Annual (2002): 244. Kohlhaas, Alidë. “Northrop Frye’s Essays . . . A Good and Enlightening Read.” Lancette: Journal of the Arts (Fall 2002): 12. Reference & Research Book News 17 (August 2002): 187. Schiefer, Nancy. “Latest in Frye Collection as Eclectic, Erudite as Ever.” London [Ontario] Free Press (10 August 2002): D8. Volume 11 Northrop Frye on Modern Culture. Ed. Jan Gorak. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2003. xlix + 409 pp. contents: The Modern Century / “Current Opera: A Housecleaning” / “Ballet Russe” / “The Jooss Ballet” / “Frederick Delius” / “Three-Cornered Revival at Headington” / “Music and the Savage Breast” / “Men as Trees Walking” / “K.R. Srinivasa’s Lytton Strachey” / “The Great Charlie” / “Reflections at a Movie” / “Music in the Movies” / “Max Graf’s Modern Music” / “Abner Dean’s It’s a Long Way to Heaven” / “Russian Art” / “Herbert Read’s The Innocent Eye” / “The Eternal Tramp” / “On Book Reviewing” / “Academy without Walls” / “Communications” / “The Renaissance of Books” / “Violence and Television” /

Reviews of the Volumes in Frye’s Collected Works

“Introduction to Art and Reality” / “Pro Patria Mori” / “Wyndham Lewis: Anti-Spenglerian” / “War on the Cultural Front” / “Two Italian Sketches, 1939” / “G.M. Young’s Basic” / “Revenge or Justice?” / “F.S.C. Northrop’s The Meeting of East and West” / “Wallace Notestein’s The Scot in History” / “Toynbee and Spengler” / “Gandhi” / “Ernst Jünger’s On the Marble Cliffs” / “Dr. Kinsey and the Dream Censor” / “Cardinal Mindszenty” / “The Two Camps” / “Law and Disorder” / “Two Books on Christianity and History” / “Nothing to Fear but Fear” / “The Ideal of Democracy” / “The Church and Modern Culture” / “And There Is No Peace” / “Caution or Dither?” / “Trends in Modern Culture” / “Regina versus the World” / “Oswald Spengler” / “Preserving Human Values” / “The War in Vietnam” / “The Two Contexts” / “The Quality of Life in the ’70s” / “Spengler Revisited” / “The Bridge of Language” reviews: Ayre, John. “Our Odyssean Critic.” Literary Review of Canada 12, no. 5 (June 2004): 30. Fetherling, George. “So Many Books, So Little Time: In a Single Week, I Read about Chefs, Swords, Petroglyphs and Northrop Frye.” Vancouver Sun (15 November 2003): F22. Brief notice. Good, Graham. “Frye and Modernity.” Canadian Literature 183 (Winter 2004): 125–7. Keith, W.J. Canadian Book Review Annual (2003): 288. Moran, Maureen. British Journal of Canadian Studies 19, no. 1 (2006): 132–4. Powe, B.W. “Shy Frye Unmasked.” Globe and Mail (26 July 2003): D8. Reference & Research Book News 19, no. 4 (November 2004): 221. Velaidum, Joe. English Studies in Canada 30, no. 2 (June 2004): 182–3. Volume 12 Northrop Frye on Canada. Ed. Jean O’Grady and David Staines. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2003. xlviii + 741 pp. contents: “Lord Dufferin” / “Characters in Cadence” / “Canadian Art in London” / “Canadian Water-Colours” / “Gordon Webber and Canadian Abstract Art” / “Canadian and Colonial Painting” / “Contemporary Verse” / “Canadian Chapbooks” / “Canadian Writing: First Statement” / “Canadian Poets: Earle Birney” / “Canada and Its Poetry” / “A Little Anthology” / “Direction” / “Water-Colour Annual” / “Unit of Five” / “Undemocratic Censorship” / “Canadian Authors Meet” / “Green World” / “Promising Novelist” / “The Narrative Tradition in English Canadian Poetry” / “Canadian Poet” / “Canadian Accent” / “The Flowing

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Summer” / “Other Canadians” / “Duncan Campbell Scott” / “David Milne: An Appreciation” / “Canadian Dreiser” / “Editorial Statement” / “Dean of Critics” / “The Book of Canadian Poetry, Second Edition” / “The Varsity Story” / “The Pursuit of Form” / “Culture and the Cabinet” / “Letters in Canada: Poetry” / “Pelham Edgar” / “New Liberties for Old” / “John D. Robins” / “Turning New Leaves: Folk Songs of Canada” / “English Canadian Literature, 1929–1954” / “Introduction to I Brought the Ages Home” / “Preface to an Uncollected Anthology” / “Culture and the National Will” / “Poetry” / “Preface and Introduction to Pratt’s Poetry” / “Introduction to The Stepsure Letters” / “John George Diefenbaker” / “Haliburton: Mask and Ego” / “Governor-General’s Awards (I)” / “Governor-General’s Awards (II)” / “Ned Pratt: The Personal Legend” / “Silence upon the Earth” / “Opening Ceremonies of the E.J. Pratt Memorial Room” / “Conclusion to the First Edition of Literary History of Canada” / “Foreword to The Prospect of Change” / “A Poet and a Legend” / “Edwin John Pratt” / “Silence in the Sea” / “Lawren Harris” / “America: True or False?” / “Dialogue on Translation” / “Rear-View Crystal Ball” / “Preface to The Bush Garden” / “Canadian Scene: Observers and Explorers” / “Lester Bowles Pearson, 1897–1972” / “Cold Green Element” / “Douglas Duncan” / “Canada: New World without Revolution” / “Conclusion to the Second Edition of Literary History of Canada” / “View of Canada” / “Haunted by Lack of Ghosts” / “National Consciousness and Canadian Culture” / “Canadian Culture Today” / “Culture as Interpenetration” / “A Summary of the ‘Options’ Conference” / “Introduction to Arthur Lismer” / “Roy Daniells” / “Across the River and out of the Trees” / “Beginnings” / “Criticism and Environment” / “Introduction to A History of Communication / “The Chancellor’s Message” / “E.J. Pratt” / “Margaret Eleanor Atwood” / “Culture and Society in Ontario, 1794–1984” / “Tribute to Robert Zend” / “Opening of the Lawren Harris and Arthur Lismer Exhibitions” / “Barker Fairley” / “Don Harron” / “Speech at the New Canadian Embassy, Washington” / “Afterword to Hetty Dorval” / “Foreword to Viola Whitney Pratt Papers” / “Italy in Canada” / “Tribute to Don and Pauline McGibbon” / “The Cultural Development of Canada” / “Appendix: Canadian Criticism” reviews: Ayre, John. “Our Odyssean Critic.” Literary Review of Canada 12, no. 5 (June 2004): 30. Calin, William. Journal of Canadian Poetry 20 (2006): 144–51. Keith, W.J. Canadian Book Review Annual (2003): 277. Kertzer, Jonathan. University of Toronto Quarterly 74, no. 1 (Winter 2004–5): 569–70.

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Powe, B.W. “Shy Frye Unmasked.” Globe and Mail (26 July 2003): D8. Staines, David. Interview with Nigel Beale on the blog Note Bene Books at http://nigelbeale.com/2010/04/30/audiointerview-prof-david-staines-on-northrop-frye-evaluativecriticism-john-metcalf-and-the-best-canadian-novels/. – “Poetry Review for the Year 2003.” Journal of Canadian Poetry 20 (2006). Zacharasiewicz, Waldemar. “Rereading Frye.” Canadian Literature 189 (Summer 2006): 168–9. Volume 13 Northrop Frye’s Notebooks and Lectures on the Bible and Other Religious Texts. Ed. Robert D. Denham. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2003. lv + 740 pp. contents: Notebooks 3, 11f, and 21, Notes 54–7, Notebook 11d, Notes 54–5, Notebooks 15, 11e, 11a, 11c, and 11b, Notes 54–6, Notebooks 23 and 45, “Lectures on the Bible: Symbolism in the Bible” reviews: Ayre, John. “Our Odyssean Critic.” Literary Review of Canada 12, no. 5 (June 2004): 30. Bellamy, Suzanne S. Documentary Editing: The Journal of the ADE 25, no. 2 (Summer 2003). Brief review. Fetherling, George. “So Many Books, So Little Time: In a Single Week, I Read about Chefs, Swords, Petroglyphs and Northrop Frye.” Vancouver Sun (15 November 2003): F22. Brief notice. Forst, Graham. “Frye Redux?” Canadian Literature 175 (Winter 2002): 140–2. – Studies in Religion 33, no. 1 (2004): 124–5. Gay, David. “The Persistence of Vision: Northrop Frye in the Context of Religion.” Christianity and Literature 55, no. 3 (Spring 2006): 445–61. Griffin, Matthew. “Matthew Griffin’s Reading Journal” (5 February 2004). http://matthewgriffin.blogspot. com/2004_02_01_matthewgriffin_archive.html. Keith, W.J. Canadian Book Review Annual (2003): 90–1. Munk, Linda. “The Father, the Son, and the Tetragrammaton: Frye’s Notebooks on the Bible.” University of Toronto Quarterly 74, no. 1 (Fall 2005): 934–42. __– University of Toronto Quarterly 74, no. 1 (Winter 2004–5): 570–2. Pell, Barbara. “Religious Quest.” Canadian Literature 184 (Spring 2005): 122–3. Powe, B.R. “Shy Frye Unmasked.” Globe and Mail (26 July 2003): D8. Reference & Research Book News 18 (November 2003): 19. Zacharasiewicz, Waldermar. “Rereading Frye.” Canadian Literature 189 (Summer 2006): 168–70. See also “Century Marks: The Visible World.” Christian Century 120, no. 18 (6 September 2003): 6–7.

Volume 14 Fearful Symmetry: A Study of William Blake. Ed. Nicholas Halmi. Intro. Ian Singer. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2004. l + 516 pp. reviews: Bewell, Alan. University of Toronto Quarterly 75, no. 1 (Winter 2006): 383–5. Hallsworth, Michael. British Journal of Canadian Studies 19, no. 2 (2006): 344–5. Keith, W.J. Canadian Book Review Annual (2006): 260–1. Reference & Research Book News 20, no. 1 (February 2005): 247. Volume 15 Northrop Frye’s Notebooks on Romance. Ed. Michael Dolzani. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2004. lvii + 503 pp. contents: Notebooks 42a, 34, 30n, 33, 41, 31, 32, and 14a, Notes 56a, 54–4, 54–8, 54–9, and 54–10, Notebook 10, Notes 58–1, 58–2, 541–1, 54–3, 55–4, 55–5, 54–12, 54–13, 55–3, 58–3, and 584, with an appendix (Notes 56a and 56 b: “Romance Synopses”) reviews: Allan, Jonathan. “Review: Northrop Frye’s Notebooks on Romance, by Northrop Frye.” Journal of Popular Romance Studies 1, no. 1 (4 August 2010). http:// jprstudies.org/2010/08/review-northrop-frye% E2%80%99s-notebooks-on-romance-by-northrop-frye/. Anonymous. “Biography Book Review: Northrop Frye’s Notebooks on Romance.” YouTube audio review. http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Aozf28ogvg. Bewell, Alan. University of Toronto Quarterly 75, no. 1 (Winter 2006): 383–5. Forst, Graham. “Rage for Order.” Canadian Literature 190 (Autumn 2006): 161–2. Keith, W.J. Canadian Book Review Annual (2004): 270. Moran, Maureen. British Journal of Canadian Studies 20, no. 1 (2007): 175. Reference & Research Book News 20, no. 2 (May 2005). Willard, Thomas. English Studies in Canada 32, nos. 2–3 (June–September 2006): 229–32. Volume 16 Northrop Frye on Milton and Blake. Ed. Angela Esterhammer. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2005. xxv + 490 pp. contents: “Introduction” to “Paradise Lost” and Selected Poetry and Prose / “The Typology of Paradise Regained” / “Literature as Context: Milton’s Lycidas” / The Return of Eden: Five

Reviews of the Volumes in Frye’s Collected Works

Essays on Milton’s Epics / “The Revelation to Eve” / “Agon and Logos: Revolution and Revelation” / “Tribute to B. Rajan” / “Blake on Trial Again” / Review of The Portable Blake / “Blake’s Treatment of the Archetype” / Review of Bernard Blackstone’s English Blake / “Poetry and Design in William Blake” / “Introduction” to Selected Poetry and Prose of William / Review of David Erdman’s Blake: Prophet against Empire / “Notes for a Commentary on Milton” / “William Blake” / “Blake after Two Centuries” / “Blake’s Introduction to Experience” / “Editor’s Preface” to Peter F. Fisher, The Valley of Vision: Blake as Prophet and Revolutionary / “The Road of Excess” / “Introduction” to Blake: A Collection of Critical Essays / “The Keys to the Gates” / “William Blake” / “William Blake, 1757–1827, Adam and Eve and the Angel Gabriel, 1808” / “Blake’s Reading of the Book of Job” / “William Blake” / “Blake’s Biblical Illustrations” / “Blake’s Bible” reviews: Cheney, Patrick. Studies in English Literature, 1500–1900 47, no. 1 (2007): 199–266. Keith, W.J. Canadian Book Review Annual 13 (2005): 247–8. Mulryan, John. Ben Jonson Journal 14 (November 2008): 285–90. Pierce, John Benjamin. University of Toronto Quarterly 76, no. 1 (Winter 2007): 574–5. Teskey, Gordon. Romanticism on the Net 46 (May 2007). Érudit (a Quebec non-profit publishing platform). http://www.erudit.org/revue/ron/2007/v/n46/016141ar. html. Also in Romantic Spectacle 46 (May 2007). Volume 17 Northrop Frye’s Writings on the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Ed. Imre Salusinszky. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2005. xli + 415 pp. contents: “The Young Boswell” / “Towards Defining an Age of Sensibility” / “Nature Methodized” / “Varieties of Eighteenth-Century Sensibility” / “CBC Goethe Salute” / “Long Sequacious Notes” / “Lord Byron” / “Foreword” to Romanticism Reconsidered: Selected Papers from the English Institute / “The Drunken Boat: The Revolutionary Element in Romanticism” / “Preface” to Some British Romantics: A Collection of Essays / A Study of English Romanticism / “John Keats” / “Kathleen Hazel Coburn” / “How It Was” / “In the Earth or in the Air?” / Review of Patience [Gilbert and Sullivan] and The Silver Box [Galsworthy]” / Review of H.M.S. Pinafore” / Iolanthe / Review of Iolanthe / Review of M.C. Bradbrook’s Ibsen the Norwegian: A Revaluation / Review of What Maisie Knew by Henry James; In a Glass Darkly by Sheridan LeFanu; and On Art and Socialism by William Morris / “An Important Influence” / Review of Joan

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Evans’s John Ruskin / “Emily Dickinson” / “The Problem of Spiritual Authority in the Nineteenth Century” / “Dickens and the Comedy of Humors” / “The Meeting of Past and Future in William Morris” / “The World as Music and Idea in Wagner’s Parsifal” / “Some Reflections on “Life and Habit” reviews: “Frye on Sensibility.” Scriblerian & the Kit-Cats 38, no. 2 (Spring 2006): 341–2. Keith, W.J. Canadian Book Review Annual 13 (2005): 248. Ross, Trevor Thornton. University of Toronto Quarterly 76, no.1 (Winter 2007): 576–7. Volume 18 “The Secular Scripture” and Other Writings on Critical Theory. Ed. Joseph Adamson and Jean Wilson. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006. xliii + 588 pp. Frye’s The Secular Scripture was first published in 1976 and was soon recognized as one of his most influential works, reflecting the extensive development of Frye’s thoughts about romance as a literary form. This new edition in the Collected Works of Northrop Frye series brings The Secular Scripture together with thirty shorter pieces pertaining to literary theory and criticism from the last fifteen years of Frye’s life. Frye’s study illuminates the enduring attraction and deep human significance of the romance genre in all its forms. He provides a unique perspective on popular fiction and culture and shows how romance forms have, by their very structural and conventional features, an ability to address both specific social concerns and deep and fundamental human concerns that span time and place. In distinguishing popular from elite culture, Frye insists that they are both ultimately two aspects of the same “human compulsion to create in the face of chaos.” The additional late writings reflect Frye’s sense at the time that he was working “toward some kind of final statement,” which eventually saw the light of day, only months before his death, as Words with Power (1990). (adapted from publisher’s abstract) contents: The Secular Scripture / “Romance as Masque” / “Letter to the Editor of Parabola” / “The Responsibilities of the Critic” / “Comment” on Peter Hughes’s Essay / “Literature, History, and Language” / “On Translation” / The Practical Imagination: Stories, Poems, Plays / “Vision and Cosmos” / “Literature as a Critique of Pure Reason” / “Approaching the Lyric” / “The Survival of Eros in Poetry” / “The Ouroboros” / “Literary and Linguistic Scholarship in a Postliterate World” / “The End of History” / “Myth as the Matrix of Literature” / “The Koine of Myth: Myth as a Universally Intelligible Language” / “The Symbol as a Medium of Exchange” / “The Expanding World of Metaphor” / The Harper Handbook to Literature / Letter to the Editor of

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PMLA / “Lacan and the Full Word” / “Literature and the Visual Arts” / “The Journey as Metaphor” / “Framework and Assumption” / “Maps and Territories” / “Epilogo” / “Auguries of Experience” / “Literary and Mechanical Models” / “Literature as Therapy” / “Response to Papers on “Northrop Frye and Eighteenth-Century Literature” review: Keith, W.J. Canadian Book Review Annual 14 (2006): 262. Volume 19 The Great Code: The Bible and Literature. Ed. Alvin A. Lee. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006. xlix + 380 pp. reviews: Forst, Graham. “Decoding the Code.” Canadian Literature 193 (Summer 2007): 149–50. Keith, W.J. Canadian Book Review Annual 14 (2006): 260. Munk, Linda. University of Toronto Quarterly 77, no. 1 (Winter 2008): 367–8. Volume 20 Northrop Frye’s Notebooks on Renaissance Literature. Ed. Michael Dolzani. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006. lx + 494 pp. contents: Guggenheim Fellowship Application, Notes 60-1, Notebook 43, Notes 55–6, Notebooks 8, 9, and 13a, Notes 54–13 and 58–5, Notebook 29, Notes 58–7, Notebooks 13b and 14b, Notes 58–6, with an appendix, “Frye’s Books and Articles on Shakespeare and Drama” reviews: Keith, W.J. Canadian Book Review Annual 14 (2006): 261–2. Teskey, Gordon. University of Toronto Quarterly 77, no. 1 (Winter 2008): 368–70. Volume 21 “The Educated Imagination” and Other Writings on Critical Theory, 1933–1963. Ed. Germaine Warkentin. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006. xlix + 553 pp. “In 1933, Northrop Frye was a recent university graduate, beginning to learn his craft as a literary essayist. By 1963, with the publication of The Educated Imagination, he had become an international academic celebrity. In the intervening three decades, Frye wrote widely and prodigiously, but it is in the papers and lectures collected in this instalment of the Collected Works of Northrop Frye that the genesis of a distinguished literary critic can be seen. Here is Frye tracing the first outlines of a literary cosmology that would culminate in Anatomy of Criticism

(1958) and shape The Great Code (1982) and Words with Power (1990). At the same time that Frye garnered such international acclaim, he was also a working university teacher, lecturing in the University of Toronto’s English language and literature program. Warkentin links Frye’s evolution as a critic with his love of music, his passionate concern for his students, and his growing professional ambition. The writings included in this volume show how Frye integrated ideas into the work that would consolidate the fame that Fearful Symmetry (1947) had first established.” (publisher’s extract) contents: “Dr. Edgar’s Book” / “Art Does Need Sociability” / “Music in Poetry” / “The Anatomy in Prose Fiction” / “The Nature of Satire” / Nichols and Kirkup’s The Cosmic Shape / R.F. Patterson’s The Story of English Literature / “The Function of Criticism at the Present Time” / “Levels of Meaning in Literature” / “The Four Forms of Prose Fiction” / “A Conspectus of Dramatic Genres” / “The Archetypes of Literature” / “Three Meanings of Symbolism” / “The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes” / “Towards a Theory of Cultural History” / “Art in a New Modulation” / “Ministry of Angels” / “Critics and Criticism” / “Myth as Information” / “Content with the Form” / “Forming Fours” / “The Language of Poetry” / “The Transferability of Literary Concepts” / “An Indispensable Book” / “Preface” and “Introduction: Lexis and Melos” / The Ulysses Theme by W.B. Stanford and Tragic Themes in Western Literature / “Nature and Homer” / “Sir James Frazer” / “Interior Monologue of M. Teste” / “World Enough without Time” / “Literature as Possession” / “New Directions from Old” / “The Well-Tempered Critic (I)”; The Well-Tempered Critic (II) / “Myth Fiction and Displacement” / “The Imaginative and the Imaginary” / The Educated Imagination reviews: Forst, Graham. “Anatomy of Imagination.” Canadian Literature 195 (Winter 2007): 141–3. Keith, W.J. Canadian Book Review Annual 14 (2006): 259–60. Reference & Research Book News (February 2007). Richter, David. University of Toronto Quarterly 77, no. 1 (Winter 2008): 370–1. Volume 22 Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays. Ed. Robert D. Denham. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006. lxxii + 450 pp. reviews: Forst, Graham. “Anatomy of Imagination.” Canadian Literature 195 (Winter 2007): 141–3.

Reviews of the Volumes in Frye’s Collected Works

Jofré, Manuel. Revista chilena de literatura 72 (April 2008): 261–78. Keith, W.J. Canadian Book Review Annual 14 (2006): 259. Richter, David. University of Toronto Quarterly 78, no. 1 (Winter 2009): 428–9. Volume 23 Northrop Frye’s Notebooks for “Anatomy of Criticism.” Ed. Robert D. Denham. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007. xxi + 450 pp. contents: Notebooks 7, 37, and 38, Notes for Anatomy of Criticism, Notebooks 35, 36, 18, 30d, 30e, 30f, 30g, 30h, 30i, 30j, 30k, 30l, 30o–a, and 30q. reviews: Forst, Graham. “Autopsy of the Anatomy.” Canadian Literature 203 (Winter 2009): 141–4. Jofré, Manuel. Revista chilena de literatura 72 (April 2008): 261–78. Volume 24 Interviews with Northrop Frye. Ed. Jean O’Grady. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2008. xlvi + 1220 pp. One hundred eleven interviews with Frye, conducted over the course of forty-two years. review: Forst, Graham. “Autopsy of the Anatomy.” Canadian Literature 203 (Winter 2009): 141–4. Saint-Cyr, Yves. University of Toronto Quarterly 79, no. 1 (Winter 2010): 511–12. Volume 25 Northrop Frye’s Fiction and Miscellaneous Writings. Ed. Robert D. Denham and Michael Dolzani. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007. lviii + 519 pp. contents: Notebook 42b: Autobiographical Notes / Autobiographical Notes II. Outline of the Ogdoad / Autobiographical Notes III: First Memories / Autobiographical Notes IV: Critic and Writer / Notebook 30r: Autobiographical Notes V: Injunctions / Memoir: Helen Kemp Frye / Robins Eulogy / Memories of Victoria College / Speech at Moncton’s Centennial Celebration: Diversity in Unity / Ghost / Fable . . . in the Nineteenth-Century Idiom / Face to Face / Affable Angel / Resurgent / Prelude / Interpreter’s Parlour / Incident from The Golden Bough / From Notebook 2: Chapters 1–4 / From Notebook 1: Notes on Character and Style / Notebook 30m: Sketching the Plot / Notebook 4: Early Reflections on Fiction Writing / Notebook

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20: The Double Vision / Notebook 28: Philosophical Romance / Notebook 30o: Space-Journey Fiction / From Notebook 2: Bardo Novel / Notes on the Academic Novel / Notes on Twilight / Notebook 5: Baroque and Classical Composers / Notebook 17: William Byrd / Modal Harmony in Music / Hart House Quartet / Bach Recital / Notes for “The World as Music and Idea in Wagner’s Parsifal” / Notes for “Literature and the Visual Arts” / On Violence / Television Violence / Canadian Literature and Culture / Notes for “Culture as Interpenetration” / Notes for “Criticism and Environment” (1) / Notes for “Criticism and Environment (2) / Notes for “The Human and the Humane” / Harold Innis / The Governor General’s Awards / Introduction to Canadian Literature: Moscow Talk / Notes for “Levels of Cultural Identity” / Notes for The Myth of Deliverance, chapter 3: “The Reversal of Reality” / A Midsummer Night’s Dream: Theseus’s Speech / Notes for “Varieties of EighteenthCentury Sensibility” / Jane Austen / Notebook 30a. Thomas Carlyle / Notebook 30b. Matthew Arnold / Notebook 30c. John Stuart Mill / George Bernard Shaw / T.S. Eliot’s Four Quartets / Notes for “Bruno, Vico and the Wake” / W.H. Auden’s For the Time Being / Notes for “Approaching the Lyric” / Reconsidering Levels of Meaning 1979 / Preface to Essays on Myth / Poncé’s Kabbalah / Literature and Language / Reconciliation with Nature / On Translation / Critical Views / Framework and Assumption / Paul de Man / Preface to Essays Translated into Russian / On Language / On Education I / On Education II / On Education III / Summa / Review of Paul Tillich, Systematic Theology, Vol. 3 / Blake’s Job Illustrations / Parallels / Contrasts / Words with Power Themes / Notes for “The Dialectic of Belief and Vision” / Notes for “The Bride from a Strange Land” / Notes for “Crime and Sin in the Bible” / Words with Power: Draft Introduction / Prayers review: Forst, Graham. “Autopsy of the Anatomy.” Canadian Literature 203 (Winter 2009): 141–4. Volume 26 Words with Power: Being a Second Study of “The Bible and Literature.” Ed. Michael Dolzani. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2008. lvi + 343 pp. This edition goes beyond the original in its documentation of Frye’s dazzlingly encyclopedic range of reference. Profound and searching, Words with Power is perhaps the most daring book of Frye’s career and one of the most exciting.

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reviews: Forst, Graham. “Seeing Through Our Eyes.” Canadian Literature 205 (Summer 2010): 153–5. Munk, Linda. University of Toronto Quarterly 79, no. 1 (Winter 2010): 513–14. Volume 27 “The Critical Path” and Other Writings on Critical Theory, 1963–1975. Ed. Eva Kushner and Jean O’Grady. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009. xliv + 492 pp. contents: The Critical Path: An Essay on the Social Context of Literary Criticism / “Literary Criticism” / “Myth and Poetry” / “Preface” in The Psychoanalysis of Fire by Gaston Bachelard / “After the Invocation a Lapse into Litany” / “Criticism Visible and Invisible”/ “The Structure and Spirit of Comedy” / “The Norms of Satire” / “Allegory” / “Verse and Prose” / “Varieties of Literary Utopias” / “Letter to the English Institute 1965”/ “Reflections in a Mirror” / “Design as a Creative Principle in the Arts” / “Literature and Myth” / “Welcoming Remarks to Conference on Editorial Problems” / “On Value Judgments” / “Literature and Society” / “Mythos and Logos” / “The Myth of Light” / “Old and New Comedy” / “Sign and Significance” / “Literature and the Law” / “The Search for Acceptable Words” / “The Times of the Signs” / “The Rhythms of Time” / “Charms and Riddles” / “Expanding Eyes” review: Forst, Graham. “Seeing Through Our Eyes.” Canadian Literature 205 (Summer 2010): 153–5. Volume 28 Northrop Frye’s Writings on Shakespeare and the Renaissance. Ed. Garry Sherbert and Troni Grande. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2010. lxi + 794 pp. contents: “The Argument of Comedy” / Don Quixote / “Comic Myth in Shakespeare” / “Characterization in Shakespearean Comedy” / “Molière’s Tartuffe” / “Introduction” to Shakespeare’s Tempest / “The Structure of Imagery in The Faerie Queene” / “Shakespeare’s Experimental Comedy” / “The Tragedies of Nature and Fortune” / “Proposal of a Toast” / “How True a Twain” / “Recognition in The Winter’s Tale” / A Natural Perspective: Essays on the Development of Shakespearean Comedy and Romance / “Shakespeare and the Modern World” / “Nature and Nothing” / Fools of Time: Studies in Shakespearean Tragedy / “General Editor’s Introduction” in Shakespeare Series / “Shakespeare’s The Tempest” / “Il

Cortegiano in una società senza Cortegiani” / The Myth of Deliverance: Reflections on Shakespeare’s Problem Comedies / “Something Rich and Strange: Shakespeare’s Approach to Romance” / “The Stage Is All the World” / Northrop Frye on Shakespeare / “Speech on Acceptance of Governor-General’s Award for Northrop Frye on Shakespeare” / “Natural and Revealed Communities” / “Foreword” to Unfolded Tales: Essays on Renaissance Romance reviews: Forst, Graham. “The Play’s the Thing.” Canadian Literature 210–11 (Autumn–Winter 2011): 167–8. Nohrnberg, James. University of Toronto Quarterly 81, no. 3 (Summer 2012): 739–42. Volume 29 Northrop Frye’s Writings on Twentieth-Century Literature. Ed. Glen Robert Gill. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2010. lviii + 445 pp. contents: “The Monocle: Press Cuttings” / “Delicate Rhythms” / “Experiment” / “Poetry” / “Poetry” / Review of Henry W. Wells’s New Poets from Old / Review of Irene H. Moody’s Lava / Review of Our Lady Peace and Other War Poems by Mark van Doren and Poems by John Berryman / “A Mixed Bag” / Review of New Writing and Daylight / Review of Voices: A Critical Quarterly, ed. Ralph Gustafson, and Genesis: Book One by Delmore Schwartz / Review of New Writing and Daylight Winter 1943–44, ed. John Lehmann / Review of I Jones Soldier by Joseph Schull / Review of James Laughlin, ed., New Directions in Prose and Poetry 1944 / Review of V-Letter and Other Poems by Karl Shapiro / Review of The Phoenix and the Tortoise by Kenneth Rexroth / Review of Selected Tales by A.E. Coppard and Bottle’s Path and Other Stories by T.F. Powys / Review of Animal Farm by George Orwell / “The Betjeman Brand” / Review of New Writing and Daylight 1946 / Review of The Kafka Problem / Review of Roderick Hudson by Henry James / “Yeats and the Language of Symbolism” / Review of The Shadow of Cain by Edith Sitwell / “For Tory and Leftist” / Review of The Moment and Other Essays by Virginia Woolf / Brief reviews of The World Is Wide Enough by Percy Coates, Russian Child and Russian Wife by Tanya Matthews, Coral and Brass by Holland M. Smith, Arabian Oil by Raymond F. Mikesell and Hollis B. Cheney / “To Define True Madness” / “George Orwell” / “Novels on Several Occasions” / “Phalanx of Particulars” / “Graves Gods and Scholars” / “Quest and Cycle in Finnegans Wake” / “Poetry of the Tout Ensemble” / “The Realistic Oriole: A Study of

Reviews of the Volumes in Frye’s Collected Works

Wallace Stevens” / “Religion and Modern Poetry” / “The Nightmare Life in Death” / “Comment” on Walter J. Ong’s paper “Synchronic Present” / T.S. Eliot / Tribute to John Crowe Ransom / “The Rising of the Moon: A Study of A Vision” / “Foreword” to 1984 by George Orwell / “The Top of the Tower: A Study of the Imagery of Yeats” / Draft Introduction to Twentieth-Century Literature / “Wallace Stevens and the Variation Form” / “Aldous Huxley” / “Introduction” to Rolls Royce and Other Poems by Giorgio Bassani / “Vico, Bruno and the Wake” / “Henry James and the Comedy of the Occult” reviews: Brill, Lesley. Kritikon Litterarum 38, nos. 1–2 (2011): 137–44. Forst, Graham Nicol. “Frye’s Legacy.” Canadian Literature 208 (Spring 2011): 159–60.

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Volume 30 Collected Works of Northrop Frye: Index. Compiled by Jean O’Grady. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2012. xii + 584 pp. This volume provides a complete guide to the Collected Works. A large section on Frye himself assembles all his reflections on his own life and character, and indicates where in the Collected Works to find each of his writings. In the general index of names and subjects, entries under key words such as “Criticism” or “Romance” have been completely revised from those entries in the separate volumes to show clearly passages giving the chief elements of Frye’s thought on the topic. review: Forst, Graham N. “Indexing Frye.” Canadian Literature 220 (Spring 2014): 175–6.

Chapter 8

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

This list is a record of theses and dissertations devoted in whole or part to Frye’s work, “in part” meaning that the treatment of Frye was substantial enough to be indexed in Dissertations Abstracts International and other databases. Sometimes the reference to Frye is to a single citation or even to a parenthetical remark. In the more than 3600 theses and dissertations, Frye’s name and his work circulate freely. For most of the titles not in English, I have provided a translation within square brackets. 1950 Ferguson, Byron Laird. Satire in the Novels of Thomas Love Peacock. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1950.

Stepaniuk, Anna. Displacement in Henry James. MA thesis, University of Western Ontario (Canada), 1963. Tucker, Mary Curtis. Toward a Theory of Shakespearean Comedy: A Study of the Contributions of Northrop Frye. PhD dissertation, Emory University (USA), 1963. 1964 Clarke, Helen Marguerite. Related Themes in the Fiction of Ethel Wilson. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1964. Pullen, Mercyl G. The Satiric Element in the Novels of Muriel Spark. MA thesis, University of Windsor (Canada), 1964.

1962 Dunn, Ian Sinclair. The Renaissance Sonneteers: A Study in the Development of Style. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1962.

1965 Durstine, Joan Marie. William Blake’s Theory of Art and Its Application to His Poetry. PhD dissertation, Indiana University (USA), 1965. Harder, Helge Irene. English-Canadian Poetry, 1935–1955: A Thematic Study. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1965. Harrison, Richard Terrence. The Fictional World in Four Novels by Brian Moore. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1965. Robertson, Duncan Crosby. Modern Criticism: An Argument. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1965. Stronach, Eunice Esther. Plot and Point of View in Conrad’s “Nostromo.” MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1965. Thomas, Hilda. Malcolm Lowry’s Under the Volcano: An Interpretation. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1965.

1963 Fredeman, Pat H. The Way of Ben Jonson’s Dramatic World. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1963. Shaw, Catherine Maud. The Masque in Shakespeare. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1963.

1966 Feaster, John. The Literary Theory and Criticism of Northrop Frye. MA thesis, Northern Illinois University (USA), 1966. Harder, Bernhard David. Narcissus Englished: A Study of The Book of Thel, Alastor, and Endymion. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1966.

1953 Siemens, Katie. Milton’s Satan: A Study of His Origin and Significance. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1953. 1961 Dumaresq, William Wayne. The Epic and Tragedy of Paradise Lost: Together with an Appendix; Samson Agonistes, an Internal Tragedy. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1961. Thorne, W. Barry. Folk Entertainment and Ritual in Shakespeare’s Early Comedies. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1961.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Kennedy, Alan Edward. “Parade’s End” as a Comic Novel. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1966. Kuehn, Edwin. Jung’s Archetypes in Northrop Frye’s Archetypal Criticism. MA thesis, North Texas State University (USA), 1966. McMillan, Theresa Kathleen. The Hack in Swift’s A Tale of a Tub Compared with Tristram in Sterne’s Tristram Shandy. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1966. MacPhedran, John D. Application and Implication of Frye’s “Green World” Theory to “Measure for Measure.” MA thesis, Bowling Green State University (USA), 1966. Onley, Gloria Elizabeth. Henry James and the Zeitgeist. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1966. Radle, Margaret C. Northrop Frye and “The Marble Faun.” MA thesis, Northern Illinois University (USA), 1966. Walsh, Gerald. Conceptions of World History in the World History of Programmes of Canadian Secondary Schools. Ed.D. dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1966. 1967 Blott, Stewart Gordon. John Keats: The Poet as Mythmaker: A Study in the Theory and Composition of Mythological Poetry. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1967. Breucha, Susanne. Ordnung und Einheit der Literatur in Tradition und Mythos: Eine Studie der Literaturkritischen Schriften von T.S. Eliot und Northrop Frye [The Order and Unity of Literature in Tradition and Myth: A Study of the Literary Critical Writings of T.S. Eliot and Northrop Frye]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Freiburg (Germany), 1967. In German. Brenzinger, Ingrid. Deviant Language Structures in Andrej Belyj’s St. Petersburg. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1967. Gilley, Robert Keith. Myth and Meaning in the Three Novels of Hugh MacLennan. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1967. Hernadi, Paul. Concepts of Genre in Twentieth-Century Criticism. PhD dissertation, Yale University (USA), 1967. Larson, Gary Dean. The Role of God in Blake’s Later Vision: The Fall and the Apocalypse. PhD dissertation, Emory University (USA), 1967. Parker, Margaret Anne. The Role of the Comic Heroine: A Study of the Relationship between Subject Matter and the Comic Form in the Novels of Jane Austen. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1967.

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Ray, William Ernest. Northrop Frye and the Development of Literary Criticism. MA thesis, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (USA), 1967. Sugnet, Charles. “The Four Zoas”: Myth in Process. MA thesis, University of Virginia (USA), 1967. 1968 Baumgardner, George. Cat’s Cradle: A Study in Satire. MA thesis, Chico State College (USA), 1968. Bellette, Anthony Frank. Form and Vision in Four Metaphysical Poets. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1968. Coburn, Marnie Alice. Historical Perspective for a Literature Curriculum. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1968. Epp, Harold Bernard. Quest for Identity in Joseph Conrad’s Fiction. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1968. Ford, Josette. Literary Criticism on the Undergraduate Level: Richards, Brooks, Frye. Special qualifying thesis, Harvard University, Graduate School of Education (USA), 1968. Grant, Hugh Joseph. The Influence of William Blake on the Poetry and Prose of Dylan Thomas. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1968. Djwa, Sandra. Metaphor, World View and the Continuity of Canadian Poetry: A Study of the Major English Canadian Poets with a Computer Concordance to Metaphor. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1968. Masteller, Richard Nevin. The Concrete Universal and Anatomy of Criticism. MA thesis, University of Virginia (USA), 1968. Mayne, Joan Sheila. Novels and the Poetry of Philip Larkin. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1968. Sabine, Francisco John. Graham Greene’s Heroes: Regeneration through Experience. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1968. Sarkar, Subhas Chandra. T.S. Eliot as a Dramatist. D.Phil. dissertation, University of Calcutta (India), 1968. Tuck, Ralph Michael. Phenomenology and Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism. MA thesis, University of North Texas (USA), 1968. White, Margaret Blackburn. An Experiment in Criticism. PhD dissertation, University of Rochester (USA), 1968. 1969 Connell, Penelope Lee. Elements of the Gothic in Melville and Conrad. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1969. D’Easum, Lille. T.S. Eliot’s Use of the Philosophy of Time in His Poetry. MA thesis, University of British Columbia, 1969.

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The Reception of Northrop Frye

Eskey, David Ellsworth. A Preface to the Study of Literary Style. PhD dissertation, University of Pittsburgh (USA), 1969. Fitzpatrick, James Joseph. “The Tempest”: Shakespeare’s Theatrum Mundi. MA thesis, University of Southern California (USA), 1969. Rahme, Mary Hursey. The Invisible Medium: Criticism and the Language of Literature. PhD dissertation, Wayne State University (USA), 1969. Young, Calvin Eugene. A Critical Explication of Irony as a Thematic Structure. PhD dissertation, Indiana University (USA), 1969. 1970 Anderson, Judith. The Concept and Presentation of Love in Jane Austen. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1970. Brown, Allan Gordon. An Investigation into the Metrical Structure of “Paradise Lost.” MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1970. Cantwell, Sister Margaret. Matchwood. MA thesis, University of Alaska (USA), 1970. Fogel, Stanley Howard. Theme as Structure in Three Novels of John Cowper Powys. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1970. Forst, Graham Nicol. Kant’s “Copernican Revolution” in Philosophy and the Romantic “Revolution” in English Literature. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1970. Haulman, Cathy Campbell. Archetypal Criticism and the Gospels: A Study of the Four Canonical Gospels Using Northrop Frye’s Theory of Myths. MA thesis, Florida State University (USA), 1970. Hutchings, John A. The Critical Theories of Brooks and Frye. MA thesis, McMaster University (Canada), 1970. James, David Lewis. Thackeray’s Secondary Fictional World: An Aesthetic Study of Narrator and Reader Roles in the Novels. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1970. Levine, Jennifer Ann. From Dombey to Headstone: Man in the City in the Novels of Charles Dickens. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1970. Panter, James. Moral Universe of Alexandre Hardy’s Tragedies. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1970. Phillips, Donna Carolyn. “Between un-being and being”: Vision and Method in Selected Poems of John Donne and T.S. Eliot. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1970. Mundwiler, Leslie. A Phenomenological Discussion of ­Critical Objects. MA thesis, York University (Canada), 1970.

Schoenfeld, Marie-Luise. L’influence allemande dans les contes de Charles Nodier [German Influence in the Tales of Charles Nodier]. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1970. In French. Searle, Leroy Frank. Basic Concepts in Literary Criticism: Some Controversial Instances. PhD dissertation, University of Iowa (USA), 1970. Sokol, Laurence J. The Utopian Tradition: A Comparison of “The Republic” and “Utopia” with James Hilton’s “Lost Horizon.” MA thesis, University of Nebraska at Omaha (USA), 1970. Walsh, Kirby. Blake and Shelley: A Comparative Study. MA thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland (Canada), 1970. Welsh, James. “Melos” and “Opsis.” PhD dissertation, University of Pittsburgh (USA), 1970. Whitley, Raymond Kenneth. Moral Vision: A Unity of Cosmos, Character, and Incident in Mrs. Radcliffe’s Novels. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1970. Whitaker, Muriel A. I. Idealized World of Malory’s “Morte Darthur”: A Study of the Elements of Myth, Allegory, and Symbolism in the Secular and Religious Milieux of Arthurian Romance. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1970. 1971 Balsevich, Mary M. A Study of the Eden Myth in Canadian Literature. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1971. Bennee, Florence Ethel. Selected Application of Frye’s Academic Criticism in the Senior High School Years. Ed.D. dissertation, Columbia University (USA), 1971. Casper, Vivian Celia. Shaw’s Plays in the Light of Theories of Comic Form: An Increasing Linear Vision. PhD dissertation, Rice University (USA), 1971. Colby, James F. A Study of the Effect of a Specially Designed Program upon the Expressed Musical Preferences of a Selected Grade Three Class for Contemporary Music. M.Mus. thesis. University of British Columbia (Canada), 1971. Crowley, Michael James. Authority and Authenticity in Gravity’s Rainbow and Mason & Dixon. MA thesis, University of Georgia (USA), 1971. Farrugia, Jill I. Toll. Poetry and Prose of P.K. Page: A Study in Conflict of Opposites. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1971. Fekete, John A. John Crowe Ransom, Northrop Frye, and Marshall McLuhan: A Theoretical Critique of Some Aspects of North American Critical Theory. Doctoral dissertation, Cambridge University (United Kingdom), 1971.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Frost, Everett Calvin. The Prophet Armed: William Blake’s “Marriage of Heaven and Hell.” PhD dissertation, University of Iowa (USA), 1971. Gosman, Michael T. The Concepts of Literary Form as Represented in Three Modern Theories. PhD dissertation, Catholic University of America (USA), 1971. Grant, Robert Stuart. Negative Nationalism and the Poetry of Dennis Lee. MA thesis, University of Windsor (Canada), 1971. Harker, Mary J. George Eliot’s Versions of the Pastoral. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1971. Harvey, Roderick Wilson. A Preparation for Death: Temporal and Ideal Concepts in Hemingway’s Across the River and into the Trees. MA thesis. University of British Columbia (Canada), 1971. Horvat, Andras. The Wall that Kobo Built: Four Short Stories by Abe Kobo. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1971. Joeck, Susan Augusta. L’imagerie animale et vegetale dans la poesie d’Emile Nelligan [Animal and Plant Imagery in the Poetry of Emile Nelligan]. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1971. In French. Leaney, Diana June. The Vertical Perspective in “Germinal”: An Analysis of Thematic and Structural Patterns. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1971. Macmillan, Sybil. Los as Redemptive Agent in the Prophecies of William Blake. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1971. Marnin, Judith K. “I Walked in a Desert”: The Heroic Quest in Stephen Crane’s Poetry. MA thesis, Drake University (USA), 1971. Meis, Joanne. Little Magazines and Canadian War Poetry 1939–1945; with Some Reference to Poetry of the First World War. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1971. Morel, Armand G. La vision utopique dans le Télmaque de Fénelon: Son importance littéraire [The Utopian Vision in Fenelon’s Telemachus: Its Importance]. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1971. In French. Schuldt, Edward Philip. Approaching Death: The Significance of Paterson Book Five. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1971. Shaw, MiIlo Rundle Thompson. John Stuart Mill’s Evaluations of Poetry and Their Influence upon His Intellectual Development. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1971. Tiger, Virginia Marie. Analysis of William Golding’s Fiction. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1971. Trimble, Carolyn Casady. The Rhetoric of Criticism. PhD dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (USA), 1971.

573

Woodfield, James. Whole Significance of Unity: A Study of Thematic Structure in the Plays of Christopher Fry. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1971. 1972 Anido, David G.H. The Genesis and Development of Landfall and Its Influence in Relation to the Culture of New Zealand and the Commonwealth. PhD dissertation, University of Canterbury (New Zealand), 1972. Barton, Henry Alfred. A Study of the Interrelationships among Criticism, Literature and Literary Education in the Thought of Northrop Frye. PhD dissertation, Harvard University (USA), 1972. Denham, Robert Dayton. Northrop Frye’s Criticism: Theory and Practice. PhD dissertation, University of Chicago (USA), 1972. Gambone, Kenneth Felix. The Viability of Literary Texts. Ed.D. dissertation, Pennsylvania State University Press (USA), 1972. Gilbert, Stuart Reid. The Audience as Character in Beaumont and Fletcher Plays. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada) 1972. Jeffery, Irene Brenda. Brian Moore’s Special Cachet: A Study in Characterization. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1972. Layton, Monique Jacqueline Berthe. Le procédé métaphorique [The Metaphorical Process]. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1972. MacMillan, Kenneth Douglas. The Bystander in Faulkner’s Fiction. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1972. Mayne, Seymour. A Study of the Poetry of Irving Layton. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1972. Petro, Peter. Beyond History: A Study of Saltykov’s The History of a Town. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1972. Roeber, Phyllis V. An Analysis of “The Grapes of Wrath” Using the Anatomy of Criticism. M.S.T. thesis, Wisconsin State University (USA), 1972. Sait, James Edward. The Development of Jane Austen’s Comic Process of Education. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1972. Sloan, Glenna Davis. The Practice of Literary Criticism in the Elementary School as Informed by the Literary and Educational Theory of Northrop Frye. Ed.D. dissertation, Columbia University (USA), 1972. Ulrych, Miriam Iris. Attitudes to Love and Sex in the English Canadian Novel. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1972. Verma, Rajiva. Concepts of Myth and Ritual, and Criticism of Shakespeare. PhD dissertation, University of Warwick (United Kingdom), 1972.

574

The Reception of Northrop Frye

Webster, William R. Meaning and Significance: The Limits of Archetypal Interpretation. PhD dissertation, Stanford University (USA), 1972. Yeargan, Donna D. An Application of Northrop Frye’s Theory of Comedy to “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.” MA thesis, Wichita State University (USA), 1972. 1973 Ambrosetti, Ronald J. A Study of the Spy Genre in Recent Popular Literature. PhD dissertation, Bowling Green State University (USA), 1973. Aurelio, Vittorio Monti. Un’indagine sull ‘opera letteraria di Scipio Slataper [An Investigation into the Literary Work of Scipio Slataper]. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1973. In Italian. Blenkinsop, Padraig John. The Structure of the Tropism: A Study of Les fruits dor of Nathalie Sarraut. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1973. Cohn, Paula. “The Metamorphosis” According to Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays by Northrop Frye. MA thesis, Fairleigh Dickinson University (USA), 1973. Dunlap, Ann Bush. Blake’s “The Mental Traveller” and the Critics. PhD dissertation, University of New Mexico (USA), 1973. Easton, Tristan R. Desperate Hero: A Study of Character and Fate in the Novels of Graham Greene. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1973. Haussmann, Chantal. Quelques approaches de la critique moderne devant Le Jour est noir [Some Approaches to the Modern Criticism before Le Jour est noir]. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1973. In French. Holden, Michael. Literary Theory and the Education of English Teachers: An Analysis of Theories of Literature Presented in Selected Texts on Literature and Its Teaching. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1973. Hughes, Susan Elizabeth Simpson. Comedy, Tragicomedy, and Humour in the Novels of Sara Jeannette Duncan. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1973. Layman, Lewis Magnus. Fourteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird: Point of View in The Sound and the Fury. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1973. Moore, D.B. An Exploration of “The City of Dreadful Night.” PhD dissertation, University of Leicester (United Kingdom), 1973. Mugerauer, Robert William, Jr. The Autonomy of Literature: Toward the Reconciliation of the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Dimensions with Special Reference to the Work of Northrop Frye and Yvor Winters. PhD dissertation, University of Texas, Austin (USA), 1973.

Quickenden, Robert Henry. Consciousness of Guilt in Tragic Experience. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1973. Richoz, Joan Mary. Les problèmes de l’intention de Diderot dans le Neveu de Rameau [The Problems of Diderot’s Intention in The Nephew of Rameau]. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1973. In French. Skelton, Susan. Blake, Novalis, and Nerval: The Poetics of the Apocalypse: A Study of Blake’s “Milton,” Novalis’ “Hymnen an die Nacht” and “Heinrich von Ofterdingen,” and Nerval’s “Aurelia.” PhD dissertation, University of Southern California (USA), 1973. Stape, John Henry. Conrad’s Style in the Nigger of the “Narcissus” and the Rover. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1973. Swennes, Robert Harvey, II. John Keats’s “Endymion”: A New Interpretation. PhD dissertation, Indiana University (USA), 1973. Teeuwissen, Walter J. The “Anatomy of Criticism”: An Overview. PhD dissertation, University of Michigan (USA), 1973. Valleau, Allen Keith. Development of P.K. Page’s Imagery: The Subjective Eye: The Eye of the Conjuror. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1973. 1974 Ahmad, Iqbal. Northrop Frye’s Theoretical Criticism. PhD dissertation, York University (Canada), 1974. Amor, Norman L. The Poet and the Cycles of History: A Reading of Blake’s America and Europe. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1974. Anca, Vasiliu. Is Tragedy Possible in the Twentieth Century? MA thesis, Tel Aviv University (Israel), 1974. Broten, Delores. Search for a Method: An Examination of English Canadian Criticism in Relation to Various Theories of the Sociology of Literature. MA thesis, York University (Canada), 1974. Butler, Sydney. Masks of Reality: The Rhetoric of Narration in the Eighteenth-Century English Novel. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1974. Caldwell, Daniel Thomas. Concepts of Order in Blake’s Jerusalem and Shelley’s Prometheus Unbound. MA thesis, Carleton University (Canada), 1974. Celli, John Paul. The Uses of the Term “Archetype” in Contemporary Literary Criticism. PhD dissertation, Kansas State University (USA), 1974. Frye, Joanne M.S. Toward a Form for Paradox: Image and Idea in the Novels of Virginia Woolf. PhD dissertation, Indiana University (USA), 1974. Gibb, Peter Lloyd. From Satire to Apocalypse in William Blake’s The Four Zoas. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1974.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Jochim, Christian. The “Nostalgia for Paradise” in Mircea Eliade’s Quest for Homo Religiosus. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1974. Johnson, Mary C. Evans. A Critical Analysis of Northrop Frye’s Theory of Dramatic Forms. MA thesis, Wichita State University (USA), 1974. le Nobel, Joan. Consideration of the Mannerist Characteristics of Lycidas as a Means of Solving Some of the Poem’s “Problems.” MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1974. Life, Allan Roy. Art and Poetry: A Study of the Illustrations of Two Pre-Raphaelite Artists, William Holman Hunt and John Everett Millais. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1974. Marino, Mary Eleanor Gray. William Congreve and Oscar Wilde: A Study of Their Social Comedy. PhD dissertation, Purdue University (USA), 1974. Marrs, Brian George. Joseph Conrad’s The Secret Agent and the Grotesque. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1974. Nemetz, Lillian Jagna. Polish Poets in Canada: A Comparative Study. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1974. Penfold, Judith E. Archetypal Symbolism in William Faulkner’s Light in August. BA thesis, Lakehead University (Canada), 1974. Rosenthal, Helene. The Poet as Woman: Shapes of Experience, a Study of Poetic Motivation and Craft in Twentieth-Century Women Poets Incorporating a Select Anthology. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1974. Rudinow, Joel. Objectivity and Sensitivity in Aesthetics. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia(Canada), 1974. Shanley, Lorraine Walton. Evaluation and Interpretation; A Discussion of Three Theories (Propounded by Frye, Krieger, and Hirsch). MA thesis, University of Virginia (USA), 1974. Smith, Linda Doreen. James Reaney and the Quest for Identity: The Influence of Northrop Frye on James Reaney. MA thesis, University of Saskatchewan (Canada), 1974. Stern, David Joseph. The Influence of Historicism on the Criticism of Northrop Frye. MA thesis, St. Joseph’s College (USA), 1974. Walker, David M. Narrative, Thematic and Symbolic Structures in Celine’s “Voyage au bout de la nuit.” PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1974. 1975 Aitken, Johan L. Children’s Literature in the Light of Northrop Frye’s Theory. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1975. Allen, Steven D. Shakespeare’s Use of Names in the Dramatic Romances. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1975.

575

Bachand, Amyot. Analyse structurale du mythe de la métamorphose [Structural Analysis of the Myth of Metamorphosis]. MA thesis, Université de Sherbrooke (Canada), 1975. In French. Davis, Kenneth. Myth and the Future. PhD dissertation, University of Michigan (USA), 1975. DeLottinville, Paul. The Internal Tension in William Blake’s America: A Study of the Importance of Blake’s Earlier Works in the Interpretation of the Poem. MA thesis, McMaster University (Canada), 1975. DeMaria, Robert, Jr. Critical Worlds: A View of Literary Criticism as an Artistic and Literary Form. PhD dissertation, Rutgers University (USA). Erickson, Eric E. T.S. Eliot’s Four Quartets: Their Pattern and Meaning. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1975. Elsted, Janet Elizabeth. Time and Timelessness in The Prelude of William Wordsworth and Four Quartets of T.S. Eliot. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1975. Fernández, Luis Francisco. Jose Lezama Lima y la crítica anagígica [Jose Lezama Lima and Anagogic Criticism]. PhD dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (USA). 1975. In Spanish. Fischer, Michael. The Triumph of Romanticism over Classicism in Modern Literary Theory: A Reconsideration. PhD dissertation, Northwestern University (USA), 1975. Foust, Ronald Earl. The Place of Spatial Form in Modern Literary Criticism. PhD dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park (USA), 1975. Fraser, Gail. “Writing as Conversation”: The Novels of Henry Green with an Annotated Bibliography on Green. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1975. Fukumonto, Elton. Coleridge and Northrop Frye on Mimesis and Harmonia. BA thesis, Harvard University (USA), 1975. Goldie, Terence William. Louis Dudek: A Study of a Developing Critical Position. MA thesis, Carleton University (Canada), 1975. Govitrikar, Vishwas P. Literary Theory: The State of the Art. PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania (USA), 1975. Hamm, Minon Auda. Anatomy of the Center: An Application of Some Concepts of Northrop Frye. PhD dissertation, George Peabody College for Teachers of Vanderbilt University (USA), 1975. Long, Maida. The Bitter Glass: Demonic Imagery in the Novels of Virginia Woolf. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1975. Mulvey, James. Northrop Frye: Anatomy of Imagination: A Study of His Theory, His Critical Stance, and His Definition of Comic Archetypes. MA thesis, Marquette University (USA), 1975.

576

The Reception of Northrop Frye

Rampton, David Paul. “Eye-to-eye monologues”: Self-Conscious Narrators in Some Modern Novels. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1975. Ross, Harry Campbell. A Comparative Study of the Responses Made by Grade 11 Vancouver Students to Canadian and New Zealand Poems. Ed.D. dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1975. Smith, Clifford. El doctor Mira de Amescua: An Examination of His Plays with an Introductory Biographical Study. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1975. Walker, Micheline. L’impossible entreprise: Une étude sur le pharmakos dans le théâtre de Molière [The Impossible Enterprise: A Study of Pharmakos in the Theatre of Molière]. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1975. In French. Wegner, Diana. Hemingway’s Islands in the Stream: Thomas Hudson’s Moral Growth. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1975. Yaravintelimath, C.R. The Comic Vision of Noel Coward. PhD dissertation, Karnatak University (India), 1975. 1976 Adkins, Curtis Peter. The Supernatural in T’ang ch’uan-chi Tales: An Archetypal View. PhD dissertation, Ohio State University (USA), 1976. Adler, Stuart Paul. A Reconstructionist Approach to the Teaching of Literature. Ed.D dissertation, Boston University School of Education (USA), 1976. Arnett, Terrence Charles. The Chilliwack Valley Continuum: A Search for a Canadian Land Ethic. M.Arch. thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1976. Burns, Dan Eric. Dennis Hopper’s “The Last Movie”: Beginning of the End.” MA thesis, University of Iowa (USA), 1976. Courtney de Broux, Peggy. Functional Rhetoric in Jean Genet: A Story of Verbal Manipulation in Les Negres and Le Balcon. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1976. Edgar, Patricia. From The Taming of the Shrew to Kiss me Kate: The Changing Fortunes of Katherine, the Shrew. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1976. Farmer, Alice Cruce. John Milton: The Value of Mythic Parallels. PhD dissertation, University of Southwestern Louisiana (USA), 1976. Johnston, Elizabeth Lee. The Alexandria Quartet: Love as Metaphysical Enquiry. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1976. Kobelka, Eugene John Dmitri. Blake’s Printing House in Hell: Metaphors of Illuminated Printing in the Poetic Works of William Blake. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1976.

Levenson, Geraldine Bonnie. That Reverend Vice: A Study of the Comic-Demonic Figure in English Drama and Fiction. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1976. Lindsey, Daniel Lee. Staying on the Road: The Ironic Journey of the Youthful Protagonist in Contemporary American Fiction. PhD dissertation, Northwestern University (USA), 1976. McNeal, David Stuart. T.S. Eliot’s Impersonality: A Study of the Personae in Eliot’s Major Poems. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1976. Mathews, Lawrence MacKay. Stems of Generation: The Figure of the Victim in the Poetry of William Blake. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1976. May, Louise-Anne. Chinese Social Bandits and Their Role in History: Some Possible Sino-Western Parallels. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1976. Morel, Armand G. Les caractéristiques de l’espace dans l’imaginaire du cycle du Rubempré de Balzac et leur incidence sur l’esthétique romanesque particulière èce cycle [The Characteristics of Space on the Imaginary Cycle of Balzac’s Rubempré and Their Impact on the Particular Romantic Aesthetic of the Cycle]. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1976. In French. Reid, David Stuart. The Humanism of Paradise Lost. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1976. Stewart, Elford Brinsley Alister. The Search for Objectivity and Impartiality in French Canadian Literary Criticism. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1976. Trent, Robert J. The Case against Death: Transformations of “Generation” in the Writings of William Blake. PhD dissertation, New York University (USA), 1976. Wigod, Rebecca. The Matter of Metaphor and Its Importance for Linguistics. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1976. Wood, James Hunter. Interventional Narratology: Form and Function of the Narrative Medical Write-up. MA thesis, Vanderbilt University (USA), 1976. 1977 Aiex, Nola Kortner. Social Satire in Brazilian Literature: Seventeenth–Nineteenth Century. PhD dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (USA), 1977. Carruthers, Ian Robert. A Critical Commentary on Robert Henryson’s Morall fabillis. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1977. Divoort, Nadia Sheherazade. La grande déesse dans la poésie surréaliste [The Great Goddess in Surrealist Poetry]. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1977. In French.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Fairweather, Donald. Dracula: A Romance. MA thesis, McMaster University (Canada), 1977. Feder, Herbert. The Place of Literature in Moral Education: An Examination of the Moral Aspects of Literature, Their Significance for Aesthetic Value, and Their Influence on Moral Development. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1977. Fischer, Mark Frederick. Ethos, Mythos, Anagogy: Northrop Frye’s Literary-Critical Principles Applied to Three Biblical Passages. MA thesis, Graduate Theological Union (USA), 1977. Flynn, Elizabeth Ann. Feminist Critical Theory: Three Models. PhD dissertation, Ohio State University (USA), 1977. Galloway, Priscilla. Sexism and the Senior English Literature Curriculum in Ontario Secondary Schools. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1977. Lehman, Mark Louis. Lyric Structure: Modern Theory and Critical Practice. PhD dissertation, University of Cincinnati (USA), 1977. Rangan, V. The Plays of J.M. Synge—A Study. PhD dissertation, Acharya Nagarjuna University (India), 1977. Rodi, Dolores Suzanne Bissell. A Study of the Contributions of Carl Jung and James Frazer and Their Followers to the Hero Archetype with Suggestions for Teaching Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Austin (USA), 1977. Sheck, Conrad L. Theatrical Illusion in “Pericles” as Transformed Romance. MA thesis, McGill University (Canada), 1977. Shklanka, Diana. A Critical Edition of George Whetstone’s An Heptameron of Civill Discourses (1582). PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1977. Ward, Samuel Keith. C.S. Lewis and the Nature–Grace Aesthetic. PhD dissertation, University of Pittsburgh (USA), 1977. Whitmore, Daniel P. Northrop Frye’s Critical Theory. Undergraduate Honors Thesis, University of Redlands (USA), 1977. 1978 Barrett, Jeannine Allison. Frye and Jung: Mirrored Harmonies: A Jungian Explication of Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism. PhD dissertation, New York University (USA), 1978. Breyer, Teress. The Adaptation of the Literary Theory of Northrop Frye to a Seventh Grade Reading Text. MA thesis, California State University, San Bernadino (USA), 1978. Ceschi, Geneviève. À la source du “Torrent” d’Anne Hébert [At the Source of Anne Hébert’s “Torrent”]. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1978. In French. Eaton, Diane F. The Rhetoric of the New Arcadia. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1978.

577

Ellis, William Carson. The Sentimental Mother Song in American Country Music, 1923–1945. PhD dissertation, Ohio State University (USA), 1978. Giguére, Richard. Une poésie de dissidence: Étude comparative de l’évolution des poésies québécoise et canadienne modernes à Montréal, 1925–1955 [A Dissenting Poetry: A Comparative Study of the Evolution of Poetry in Modern Quebec and Canadian Poems in Montreal, 1925–1955]. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1978. In French. Goldberg, Jerome Edmund. William Blake: A Study in the Human Sciences. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1978. Hammerly, Ethel Rosita Pidoux. The Evolution of Eduardo Mallea’s Spiritual World. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1978. Hillson, Richard Wayne. Un acercamiento a la poesía de Nicolás Guillén [An Approach to the Poetry of Nicolás Guillén]. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1978. In Spanish. Hoyle, Mary Lou. The Merchant of Venice: An Image of Comedy. PhD dissertation, University of Dallas (USA), 1978. Jolly, Erica Annette. The Reactions of Matthew Arnold, George Santayana and Northrop Frye to English Romanticism in the Work of Wordsworth and Keats. MA thesis, Flinders University of South Africa (South Africa), 1978. Loveday, S.C.H. Northrop Frye: Aspects of the Anatomy. M.Phil. dissertation, Oxford University (United Kingdom), 1978. MacHardy, Carolyn Wynne. “The west wind” by Tom Thomson (1877–1917). MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1978. Naha, Kanti Bhusan. The Byronic Heroine. PhD dissertation, Calcutta University (India), 1978. Peters, Doreen Catherine. Harmony and Counterpoint in the Works of Gerard Manley Hopkins. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1978. Rodriguez, Manuel Chávez. El Gaucho: Bios a Mithos. [El Gaucho: From Life to Legend]. PhD dissertation, University of Arizona, 1978. In Spanish. 1979 Antczak, Janice. The Mythos of a New Romance: A Critical Analysis of Science Fiction for Children as Informed by the Literary Theory of Northrop Frye. D.L.S. dissertation, Columbia University (USA), 1979. Bisong, Joseph Obi. A Critical Study of a Theory of Aesthetic Development and Its Implications for Education. Ed.D. dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1979. Brown, Janice. The Static and the Dynamic: A Study of the Hidden World of Ibuse Masuji. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1979.

578

The Reception of Northrop Frye

Carson, James Patrick. Goldsmith’s “Retaliation” and Its Literary Contexts. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1979. Dayal, Darsha. Northrop Frye’s Theory of Modes: A Study of His Contribution to Historical Criticism. PhD dissertation, Banaras Hindu University (India), 1979. Hamm, Barbara Elizabeth. Multiple Perspectives in “Paradise Lost”: A Genetic Approach. PhD dissertation, Kansas State University (USA), 1979. Holland, Philip Hoyt. Robert Burton’s Anatomy of Melancholy and Menippean Satire, Humanist and English. PhD dissertation, University College London, University of London (United Kingdom), 1979. Merken, Kathleen Chisato. The Evolution of Tanizaki, Jun’ichiro as a Narrative Artist. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1979. Mostosi, Ornella. Frye: Rito, invenzione tragica e comica, teatro [Frye: Ritual, Tragic and Comic Invention, Theatre]. Academic thesis, Istituto universitario di Bergamo (Italy), 1979. In Italian. Perry, Robert Graham. The Science of Love in the Middle Ages, the Romantic Period, and Our Own Time. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1979. Pollard, Juliet Thelma. Government Bureaucracy in Action: A History of Cinema in Canada, 1896–1941. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1979. Sparks, Elisa Kay. Sons of the Fathers: Critics of Romanticism and Romantic Critics. PhD dissertation, Indiana University (USA), 1979. Tuohimaa, Sinikka. Juutalaiskristilliset myyttiaiheet Patric White’in “Riders in the Chariot” [Jewish-Christian Mythic Themes in Patrick White’s “Riders in the Chariot”]. MA thesis, Turku University (Finland), 1979. In Finnish. Turner, Gordon Philip. The Protagonists’ Initiatory Experiences in the Canadian Bildungsroman, 1908–1971. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1979. Vallée, Claire Annette. L’archetype du voyage dans l’oeuvre de Georges Bugnet [The Archetype of the Voyage in the Work of Georges Bugnet]. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1979. Vasudeva, S. Northrop Frye’s Theory of Criticism. PhD dissertation, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (India), 1979. Wallace, Jo-Ann. The Modern Psyche: The Female Quest in the Novels of Patrick White. MA thesis, York University (Canada), 1979. Winston, Robert Paul. From Farmer James to Natty Bumppo: The Frontier and the Early American Romance. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin–Madison (USA), 1979.

1980 Baillargeon, Gerald Victor. The Logical Imagination: The Novels of Virginia Woolf. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1980. Baral, Bhabani Sankar. William Golding: An Archetypal Analysis of His Novels. PhD dissertation, Sambalpur University (India), 1980. Batlle, Margarita Caveda. A Critical Study of Cervantes’ “Entremeses.” PhD dissertation, University of New Mexico (USA), 1980. Becher, Tom. The Importance of Paradox to the Design Process. M.Arch. thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1980. Blair, Catherine Pastore. Mark Twain, Anatomist. PhD dissertation, Pennsylvania State University (USA), 1980. Bogdan, Deanne Gail. Instruction and Delight: Northrop Frye and the Educational Value of Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1980. Cividino, Ezio. The Role of Myth in the Modern Novel: An Examination of Federigo Tozzi’s Il Podere. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1980. Darma, Budi. Character and Moral Judgment in Jane Austen’s Novels. PhD dissertation, Indiana University (USA), 1980. Dmitrowicz, Gregory. La busqueda de la identidad argentina en Lugones [The Search for Argentine Identity in Lugones]. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1980. In Spanish. Egan, Susanna. The Use of Myth as Metaphor for Private Experience in Nineteenth-Century Autobiography. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1980. Follett, Richard James. On Teaching Gay Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Michigan (USA), 1980. Latimer, Kathleen. Comedy as Communal Action: A Study of the Contrasting Societies of “The Winter’s Tale” and “Hamlet.” PhD dissertation, University of Dallas (USA), 1980. Levine-Keating, Helane. Myth and Archetype from a Female Perspective: An Exploration of Twentieth-Century North and South American Women Poets. PhD dissertation, New York University (USA), 1980). Lovell, Margaretta Markle. A Visitable Past: Views of Venice by American Artists, 1860–1915. PhD dissertation, Yale University (USA), 1980. Mackauer, Ingrid Berta Helene. La satire chez Gérard Bessette [Satire in Gérard Bessette]. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1980. McLean, Kenneth Hugh. The Treatment of History in Canadian Fiction. PhD dissertation, York University (Canada), 1980. Marquis, Paul Anthony. A Comparison of the Theories of Symbol in the Writing of Northrop Frye and George Whalley. MA thesis, Queen’s University (Canada), 1980.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Mason, Rachel. Interpretation and Artistic Understanding. PhD dissertation, Pennsylvania State University (USA), 1980. Misra, Sadananda. New Criticism: Its Evolution and Validity in the Face of Recent Critical Attacks. PhD dissertation, Utkal University (India), 1980. Rodríguez, Julian. Introducción a Northrop Frye. BA thesis, Univitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain), 1980. In Spanish. Suscavage, Charlene Evelyne. Calderón: Patterns of Tragedy. PhD dissertation, Pennsylvania State University (USA), 1980. Taormina, Agatha. The Hero, the Double, and the Outsider: Images of Three Archetypes in Science Fiction. D.A. dissertation, Carnegie Mellon University (USA), 1980. Venugopal, G.S. The New Criticism with Special Reference to the Critical Theory of John Crowe Ransom and Allen Tate. PhD dissertation, Sri Krishnadevaraya University (India), 1980. Yaeger, Bernard. Synthetic Vision: A Study of Elizabethan Justice and the Structure of Renaissance Genre. PhD dissertation, City University of New York (USA), 1980. 1981 Baer, Elizabeth R. “The Pilgrimage Inward”: The Quest Motif in the Fiction of Margaret Atwood, Doris Lessing, and Jean Rhys. PhD dissertation, Indiana University (USA), 1981. Becker, Joan Quall. Patterns of Guilt and Grace in the Development and Function of Character in C.S. Lewis’s Romances. PhD dissertation, University of Washington (USA), 1981. Bednarz, James Peter. The Celestial Thief: Spenserian Paradox in the Elizabethan Age. PhD dissertation, Columbia University (USA), 1981. Di Blasi, Cinzia. Northrop Frye: La teoria del comico [The Theory of the Comic]. Academic thesis, Istituto universitario di Bergamo (Italy), 1981. In Italian. Foster, Thomas Carleton. What Will Suffice: Culture, History, and Form in Modern Literature. PhD dissertation, Michigan State University (USA), 1981. French, Ellen Merritt Brown. Archetype and Metaphor: An Approach to the Early Novels of Elie Wiesel. D.A. dissertation, Tennessee State University (USA), 1981. Hays, Richard Bevan. The Faith of Jesus Christ: An Investigation into the Narrative Substructure of Paul’s Theology in Galatians 3:1–4:11. PhD dissertation, Emory University (USA), 1981. Fee, Margery. English-Canadian Literary Criticism, 1890–1950: Defining and Establishing a National Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1981. Hadgopoulos, Marianthe. The Faerie Queene and the Greek Romance. PhD dissertation, University of Oklahoma (USA), 1981.

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Hicks, Glenda Lindsey. The Dream, the Romance, and the Real: The Synthetic Myths of Oliver, Pip, David, and Esther. PhD dissertation, University of Oklahoma (USA), 1981. Hutson, Calvin D., Jr. Apocalyptic Motif in Selected Poems of Walt Whitman’s “Leaves of Grass.” PhD dissertation, University of South Carolina (USA), 1981. Kahn, Susan. The Intellectual and Aesthetic Evolution of the British Satiric Novel, 1879–1928: A Comparative Study of Works by George Meredith, H.G. Wells, and Aldous Huxley. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin–Madison (USA), 1981. Leduc, Jeannette Marie. Concealment and Revelation in the Two Worlds of Genji Monogatari: An Analysis and Translation of the “hanachirusato” Chapter and the Introductory Portion of the “suma” Chapter. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1981. McBride, Maria-Odilia Leal. The multiplicidade estrutural em “A Pedra do Reino” de Ariano Sussuna [The Structural Multiplicity in “The Stone of the Kingdom” by Ariano Sussuna]. PhD dissertation, University of Texas, Austin (USA), 1981. In Portuguese. McCallum, Douglas John. Barkerville Theatre in Context: A Case Study in Our Theatrical Past. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1981. Mercer, Jeannette, Edna. The Sacred Wood in Four Twentieth-Century Fictional Narratives. PhD dissertation, Pennsylvania State University (USA), 1981. Morrison, Carolyn Patricia. Perception of the City: The Urban Image in Canadian Fiction. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1981. Mosher, Stephen David. The “Supreme Fiction”: Sport as Romance. PhD dissertation, University of Massachusetts Amherst (USA), 1981. Palmeri, Frank Anthony. The Short Menippean Narrative, with Particular Reference to Swift’s “A Tale of a Tub,” Melville’s “The Confidence Man,” and Pynchon’s “The Crying of Lot 49.” PhD dissertation, Columbia University (USA), 1981. Penney, Phyllis Annette. Ballet and Modern Dance on Television in the Decade of the 70’s. Ed.D. dissertation, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (USA), 1981 Peternel, Joan. Doubling the Hero and the Bride: Four Modern Quest Novels. PhD dissertation, Indiana University (USA), 1981. Ponce, Margarita Cadena. La ironía en la poesía de Rosario Castellanos [Irony in the Poetry of Rosario Castellanos]. PhD dissertation, University of Southern California (USA), 1981. In Portuguese. Retzleff, Marjorie Anne Gilbart. The Primitive Mystique: Romance and Realism in the Depiction of the Native Indian in English-Canadian Fiction. PhD dissertation, University of Saskatchewan (Canada), 1981.

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Soubly, Diane M. The Sun and Stars Nearer Roll: Jungian Individuation and the Archetypal Feminine in the Epics of William Blake and James Joyce. PhD dissertation, Wayne State University (USA), 1981. Stohler, Sara McClendon. The Significance of Myth for Curriculum Development. Ed.D. dissertation, University of North Carolina, Greensboro (USA), 1981. Thomson, Sandra Mary. The Life and Extraordinary Adventures of Private Ivan Chonkin by Vladimir Voinovich: A Commentary and Explication. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1981. 1982 Barclay, John L. Myth and Archetypes: A Study of the Theories of Northrop Frye and C.G. Jung on Myth. BA thesis, Whitman College (USA), 1982. Cleary, Richard James. The Deep Music of Tradition in the Works of Kōda Rohan. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1982. Coss, David Leonard. The Responses of Selected Groups to Social, Objective, and Affective Theories of Literature. PhD dissertation, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale (USA), 1982. Fleming, Carolyn Mary. Small Is Heroic: The Analysis of Contemporary Children’s Novels in Which the Protagonists Are Diminutive Humans, in the Light of Northrop Frye’s Archetypal Theories of Myth and Mode. MA Thesis, Flinders University of South Australia (Australia), 1982. Gates, Charlene Elizabeth. The Tarot Trumps: Their Origin, Archetypal Imagery, and Use in Some Works of English Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Oregon (USA), 1982. Ince, Judith Louise. The Politics of Freedom: The Montreal Avant-Garde in 1948. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1982. Klinkenborg, Verlyn Lee. Canon and Literary Criticism. PhD dissertation, Princeton University (USA), 1982. MacLaine, Donald Brenton. Absent-Centred Structure in Five Modern novels: Henry James’s The Princess Casamassima, Joseph Conrad’s The Secret Agent, Andrei Bely’s Petersburg, Joseph Heller’s Catch-22, and Thomas Pynchon’s Gravity’s Rainbow. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1982. Matson, Gary James. The Early Works of Kawabata Yasunari. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1982. Peer, Mohammad Ashraf. Syyid Qutb Shaheed’s Contribution to Arabic Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Kashmir (India), 1982. Ray, Bonnie MacDougall. The Metamorphoses of Pygmalion: A Study of Treatments of the Myth from the Third Century B.C. to the Early Seventeenth Century. PhD dissertation, Columbia University (USA), 1982.

Ritchie, Fiona Moira. Character and Symbol in José Lezama Lima’s “Paradiso.” PhD dissertation, University of St. Andrews (United Kingdom), 1982. Rodríguez, Julian. Enseñanza de la literatura comparada desde temprana edad hasta la universidad: Pautas gene rales en su estudio y enseñanza a través de los principios estructurales de la teoría de Northrop Frye y maneras posibles de su aplicabilidad [Teaching of Comparative Literacy from an Early Age to University: General Guidelines in Its Study and Teaching through the Structural Principles of the Theory of Northrop Frye and Possible Ways of Its Applicability]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain), 1982. In Spanish. Salusinszky, Imre. The Neo-Romantic Imagination in North American Criticism and Poetry since 1945; with Particular Reference to the Criticism of Northrop Frye, Its Influence, and Its Relation to the Work and Influence of Wallace Stevens. PhD dissertation, Oxford University (United Kingdom), 1982. Scoggan, John William. De(con)structive Poetics: Readings of Hilda Doolittle’s The War Trilogy. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1982. Sealy, I. Allan. Wilson Harris and the Experimental Novel. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1982. Spina, Vincent Philip. El modo épico en José María Arguedas [The Epic Mode in José María Arguedas]. PhD dissertation, New York University (USA). In Spanish. Srivastava, Santosh Kumari. Symbolism in Nineteenth-Century American Poetry. PhD dissertation, Sambalpur University (India), 1982. Steffes, Susan Amalia. Patterns of Action in “Cymbeline”: Character and Convention in Shakespearean Romance. PhD dissertation, University of Washington (USA), 1982. Velasco, Ana María. Function de lo mítico en “Cien años de soledad” [Function of the Mythic in One Hundred Years of Solitude]. PhD dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles (USA), 1982. In Spanish. 1983 Abdulla, Adnan Khalid. Catharsis: An Analytical Study of Its Meanings and Uses in Modern Literary Criticism. PhD dissertation, Indiana University (USA), 1983. Arnold, David Scott. Liminal Tellings: Interpretations of Otherness in Readings of “Moby-Dick,” “Ulysses” and “A Severed Head” (Religion and Literature; Reader Response Criticism; Joyce, Melville, Murdoch; Ireland, United States, England). PhD dissertation, Emory University (USA), 1983. Atkinson, Betty. Apple Blossoms: Bible Values in Secular Literature. PhD dissertation, Texas Christian University (USA), 1983.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Bell, John Allan. Dickens and the Eighteenth-Century Novel: The Development of the Comic Novel of Social Criticism. PhD dissertation, York University (Canada), 1983. Brunoro, Mary-Ann. The Comic Contest in Molière and Goldoni. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1983. Bullock, Josephine. Structural Movement in Dream-Vision Narrative. MA thesis, Eastern Washington University (USA), 1983. Colilli, Paul Anthony. Petrarch’s Theology of the Veil. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1983. Cronquist, Carol. Robert Frost’s Poetry of Winter: “New Hampshire” in Light of Northrop Frye’s “Archetypal Criticism: Theory of Myths.” MA thesis, Cleveland State University (USA), 1983. Haunert, Rita M. Mythic Female Heroes in the High Fantasy Novels of Patricia McKillip. PhD dissertation, Bowling Green State University (USA), 1983. Jacoby, R. Michael. Northrop Frye’s Mythos and Character’s Power of Action in Mallory’s “Le morte d’Arthur.” MA thesis, Shippensburg State College (USA), 1983. Lomax, Earl Dean, Jr. After “The Outsiders”: The Literary Characteristics of Contemporary American Young Adult Fiction, 1968–1979. PhD dissertation, University of Missouri, Columbia (USA), 1983. Mastropasqua, Edda Bini. Analysis of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s “The Great Gatsby” in Relation to Aristotle’s and Frye’s Critical Theories. MA thesis, McGill University (Canada), 1983. Meacham, Cherie Lynn. Form and Meaning in the Protagonist of Four Modern Spanish Novels (Pio Baroja, Camilo José Cela, Ana María Matute, Miguel de Unamuno). PhD dissertation. Northwestern University (USA), 1983. Raskob, Bruce R. The Critical Imagination in the Work of Northrop Frye: Catharsis, Prometheus, and Beyond. MA thesis, University of Saskatchewan (Canada), 1983. Safford, Barbara Ripp. High Fantasy: An Archetypal Analysis of Children’s Literature. D.L.S. dissertation, Columbia University (USA), 1983. Tak, Altaf Hussain. A Study of Aspects of Coleridge’s Criticism in Relation to Some Developments in Literary Criticism in the Twentieth Century. PhD dissertation, University of Kashmir (India), 1983. Thygesen, Erik. Gunnar Ekelöf’s Open-Form Poem, A mölna elegy: Problems of Genesis, Structure and Influence. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1983. Wiens, Erwin. The Literary Criticism of Irving Layton. PhD dissertation, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1983. Williams, Clifton Mark. Remittance Bards: The Places, Tribes, and Dialects of Patrick White and Malcolm Lowry. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1983.

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1984 Aubrey, Keith. Retreat. M.F.A. thesis, Eastern Washington University (USA), 1984. Barkan, Sandra Hacjman. Historical Reference, Meaning, and Understanding: Interpreting African Narratives. PhD dissertation, University of Iowa (USA), 1984. Bjerring, Nancy Evelyn. The Whole of the Same Universe: Science and Transcendence in “Fifth Business” and “Surfacing”. PhD dissertation, University of Western Ontario (Canada), 1984. Carlin, Claire. Corneille’s Comic Illusion: The Question of Genre in the Theater of Pierre Corneille. PhD dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara (USA), 1984. Chakrabarti, Surabhi. E.M. Forster’s Howard’s End: A Stylistic Analysis. PhD dissertation, Calcutta University (India), 1984. Chernoff, Paul J. Text, Context, Communication, and Metaphors: Initiating Dialogue in Transactive Planning. MA in Planning thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1984. Colman, Anne Louise. Romantic Comedy in Nineteenth-and Twentieth-Century English Novels: The Progress of Discovery. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin–Madison (USA), 1984. Comensoli, Viviana. The Domestic Drama of Thomas Dekker, 1599–1621. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1984. Cooper, John Xiros. Tone and Voice in T.S. Eliot’s Early Poetry and Prose. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1984. Fisher, Mark F. Catholic Hermeneutics: The Theology of Tradition and the Philosophy of Hans-Georg Gadamer. PhD dissertation, Franciscan School of Theology (USA), 1984. Frederick, K. William. The Motif of Childhood in the Novels of Charles Dickens. PhD dissertation, Sri Krishnadevaraya University (India), 1984. Galbreath, Paul Harold. The Christology of the Gospels and Abraham Maslow’s Characteristics of Self-Actualization. PhD dissertation, Baylor University (USA), 1984. Johnson, Peter Wilton. Echoes of Myth: The Feature Films of John Boorman. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1984. King, Richard. A Shattered Mirror: The Literature of the Cultural Revolution. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1984. McCahon, Jennifer Kristin. The Function of Rhyme in Virginia Woolf’s Prose. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1984. Nichols, Brooks Ashton. The Poetics of Epiphany: Nineteenth-Century Origins of the Modern Literary “Moment.” PhD dissertation, University of Virginia (USA), 1984. Nighswander, Daniel Lee. Mythos and Metaphor in the Apocalypse: Northrop Frye’s Literary Criticism Applied to

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the Book of Revelation. MA thesis, Wilfrid Laurier University (Canada), 1984. Pillai, A.S.D. Thomas Pynchon. PhD dissertation, Karnatak University (India), 1984. Reese, Joe. In the Wrong Garden: The French Sources of Johann Nestroy. PhD dissertation, Indiana University (USA), 1984. Rodriguez-Suro, Joaquin. Literature and History in the Novels of Erico Verissmo. PhD dissertation, Vanderbilt University (USA), 1984. Rosenheim, Shawn. Nothing More Real Than Nothing: “The Unnamable” as Self-Annihilating Fiction. BA thesis, Oberlin College (USA), 1984. Rupp, Stephen James. Articulate Illusions: Art and Authority in Jonson’s Masques and Some “Autos Sacramentales” of Calderón de la Barca. PhD dissertation, Princeton University (USA), 1984. Scott, William Adam. Egyptian Attitudes toward Warfare in Recent Theatre and Dramatic Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Washington (USA), 1984. Shamash, Eve Marie. Donoso, a Narrative Cycle of Fiction. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1984. Shaw, Gary Howard. Gracing Monsters: A Study of Shakespeare’s Last Plays. PhD dissertation, University of Virginia (USA), 1984. Shea, Michael H. “No More Cakes and Ale”: The Mirthless Character in Shakespearean Comedy. PhD dissertation, Miami University (USA), 1984. Sherlock, Eric Thomas. Kokoro as Ecological Insight: The Concept of Heart in Japanese Literature. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1984. Swarup, Anand. Archetypal Criticism: Some Critical Postulates of Northrop Frye. PhD dissertation, Kurukshetra University (India), 1984. Turk, Victoria A. Criticizing the “Anatomy”: A Study of Response to Northrop Frye’s Four Essays and Other Works. BA thesis, Reed College (USA), 1984. Zeong, Yun-Shig. Shakespeare and Milton: A Poetic Approach through Aristotle’s Poetics and Longinus’ The Sublime. PhD dissertation, University of Arkansas (USA), 1984. Zhu, Zhiyu. Su Man-shu and Lord George Byron: A Question of Influence: Their Literary Relationship Reassessed. M.Phil. thesis, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 1984. 1985 Albrecht, Jane White. Ironic Form, Technique and Effect in Seven Plays by Torso de Molina. PhD dissertation, Indiana University (USA), 1985. Bailey, Catherine Diana Alison. Mending the Web: A Thematic Study of Xu Dishan’s Fiction. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1985.

Beckett, Judith Rosalyn. “Things real and imagined”: The Narrator-Reader in Anthony Powell’s A Dance to the Music of Time. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1985. Bolechala, Josephine. A Comparative Study of the Image of the Outsider in English and French-Canadian Plays (1960–1982). EDT dissertation, Université de Sherbrooke (Canada), 1985. Bronn, Johanna Aletta. A Testimony of the Misbegotten: Tension and Discord in the Poems of Sylvia Plath with Special Reference to “Poem for a Birthday.” MA thesis, North-West University (South Africa), 1985. Cai, Shufang. Myth and Word. MA thesis, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 1985. In Chinese. Gresham, Gwendolyn Holloway Parham. The Voice of Honest Indignation: William Blake’s Critique of the Polity, Liturgy, Ethics, and Theology of the Church of England. PhD dissertation, University of Arkansas (USA), 1985. Hart, William Joel. Shakespeare’s Use of New Comedy in Three Love Tragedies: “Romeo and Juliet,” “Othello,” and “Hamlet.” PhD dissertation, University of Southern California (USA), 1985. Holmes, John R. William Blake’s Place in the Mystical Tradition. PhD dissertation, Kent State University (USA), 1985. Lee, Kwangwoon. A Mythological Study of Korean Modern Novel. PhD dissertation, Myongji University (Korea), 1985. Luby, Carolynn Bush. Hölderlin’s Musicality in Biography, Poetic Work, and Reception. PhD dissertation, Northwestern University (USA), 1985. Nixon, Nicola C. The Unnamable Text: A Deconstructive Reading of Beckett’s The Unnamable. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1985. Pham, Thien Truong. Tanizaki Jun’ichirō and the Art of Storytelling. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1985. Rowan, Stephen Charles. A Dancing of Attitudes: Burke’s Rhetoric on Shakespeare. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1985. Somerville, J. Christine. Stories and Storytelling in Alice Munro’s Fiction. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1985. Stewart, Helen J. Northrop Frye’s Theory of Imagination: A Study of the Theory in the Context of the Work of Bert Case Diltz and Ontario Secondary School English, 1952– 1962. PhD thesis, University of Toronto (Canada), 1985. White, Kerry M. Founded on Compromise: Australian Girls’ Family Stories, 1894–1982. PhD dissertation, University of Wollongong (Australia), 1985. 1986 Abraham, Iona Joseph. From Cosmogony to Eschatology: A Time-Centered Mythic Structure for “Four Quartets” with Significance for the Teaching of Literature

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

(Mysticism, T.S. Eliot). D.A. dissertation, Illinois State University (USA), 1986. Ashdown, Sheena. Jungian Archetypes in Selected Plays of James Reaney. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1986. Bhagat, Nita Jayantilal. 1950 pachchi na Gujarati sarjanatamak sahitya ane virechan ma ruprachana vadig abhigam [The Formalistic Approach to Gujarati’s Creative Writing and Criticism since 1950]. PhD dissertation, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda (India), 1986. In Marathi. Cao, Jinxi. The Tale of The White Serpent: An Archetypal View. M.Phil. thesis, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 1986. Flood, Emmet Thomas. Philosophy and Narrative Form. PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Austin (USA), 1986. Fraser, Caroline Gail. The Larger Pattern: Formal and Thematic Links between Selected Novels and Shorter Fictions by Joseph Conrad. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1986. Harding-Russell, Ruth Frances Gillian. Open Forms of Mythopoeia in Three Postmodern Canadian Poets. PhD dissertation, University of Saskatchewan (Canada), 1986. Henning, Virginia Lori Durksen. Towards a Descriptive Model of Christianity in the Modern Novel. MA thesis, University of Alberta (Canada), 1986. Howard, David Brian. Progress in an Age of Rigor Mortis. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1986. Kilgour, Margaret Ann. From Communion to Cannibalism: An Anatomy of Metaphors of Incorporation. PhD dissertation, Yale University (USA), 1986. Lanier, Gregory Warren. The Development of Shakespeare’s Tragicomic Romances. PhD dissertation, University of Michigan (USA), 1986. Li, Kit Chun. Plot in Ling Mengchu’s Short Stories in the Light of Aristotelian and Neo-Aristotelian Criticism. M.Phil. thesis, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 1986. Loughton, Scott Alfred. The Low Mimetic Hero in Three Novels by John Fowles. PhD dissertation, Brigham Young University (USA), 1986. Mahanta, Dhirendra Kumar. Dualities in Shakespeare’s Problem Comedies. PhD dissertation, Gauhati University (India), 1986. Massieri, Silvana. Northrop Frye e il comico: Gli Humours. [Northrop Frye and the Comic: The Humours]. Academic thesis, Istituto Universitario di Bergamo (Italy), 1986. In Italian. Müller, Marianne. Literatur als “in sich geschlossenes literarisches Universum”: Studien zur

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mythologisch-archetypischen Literaturtheorie und Literaturkritik von Northrop Frye [Literature as a “Self-Contained Literary Universe”: Studies in Mythological-Archetypal Literary Theory and Literary Criticism by Northrop Frye]. Doctoral dissertation, Humboldt University, Berlin (Germany), 1986. In German. Pippo, John Paul. Metaphor and Theology: A Multidisciplinary Approach. PhD dissertation, Northwestern University, 1986. Sally, Jacquelin. La trilogie de Mervyn Peake dans la tradition du “Romance” anglais. [The Trilogy of Mervyn Peake in the Tradition of the English “Romance”]. PhD dissertation (Doctorat d’État), Université de Lille (France), 1986. In French. Smetak, Jacqueline. Essays on the Fiction of Thomas Pynchon. PhD dissertation, University of Iowa (USA), 1986. Stubbs, Andrew James. A Study of Form in the Poetry and Prose of Eli Mandel. PhD dissertation, York University (Canada), 1986. 1987 Addison, Catherine Anne. Adventurous and Contemplative: A Reading of Byron’s Don Juan. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1987. Arias, Judith Hepler. Toward a Theory of the Don Juan Myth. PhD dissertation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (USA), 1987. Barnabé, Jean-Philippe. Felisberto hernández: Une poétique de l’inachèvement [Felisberto Hernández: A Poetics of Incompleteness]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Paris (France), 1987. In French. Chadwick-Joshua, Jocelyn. “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland” and “Through the Looking-Glass”: A Menippean Assessment and Rhetorical Analysis of Carroll’s Alice Books. PhD dissertation, Texas Woman’s University (USA), 1987. Comas, James N. Toward a Rhetorical Historiography of the Discipline. PhD dissertation, University of Southern California (USA), 1987. Corey, Jennifer Marie. Mrs. Aquino Goes to Washington: A Rhetorical Analysis Using Northrop Frye’s Romantic Form. MA thesis, University of Miami (USA), 1987. Faye, M’bare N’gom. La littérature de Horacio Quiroga dans la société du Rio de la Plata: Thèmes et structure [The Literature of Horacio Quiroga in the Society of Rio de la Plata: Themes and Structure]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Paris (France), 1987. In French. Goss, Noble Thomas. The Theme of Chastity in Ariosto and Spenser. PhD dissertation, University of Oregon (USA), 1987. Groves, Robyn. Fictions of the Self: Studies in Female Modernism: Jean Rhys, Gertrude Stein and Djuna Barnes.

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PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1987. Jayaswal, Shakuntala. Chasing the Comic Muse: Beckett, Stoppard, Orton, and Churchill in the Aristophanic and Menandrian Tradition. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin–Madison (USA), 1987. Laue, Ingrid Elizabeth. Pictorialism in the Fictional Miniatures of Albert Paris Gütersloh. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1987. Martin, Joseph H. Keeper of the Protocols: The Works of Jens Bjørneboe in the Crosscurrents of Western Literature. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1987. Needham, Lawrence Douglas. The Reader in Thomas De Quincey’s “Confessions of an English Opium-Eater.” PhD dissertation, Pennsylvania State University (USA), 1987. Rao, Krishna Kumari. The Motif of the Bird in the Nineteenth-Century Poetry. Master of Philosophy thesis, Sri Krishnadevaraya University (India), 1987. Singh, Dharam. Fantasy and the Novel of Satire: A Critical Study of the Fictional Writings of Evelyn Waugh, George Orwell, and Aldous Huxley. PhD dissertation, Panjab University (India), 1987. Subramanian, G. The Aeneid and the Kambaramayana: A Comparative Study. PhD dissertation, Bharathidasan University (India), 1987. Tarlin, Sonia Theresa. Harbinger of Change: An Interdisciplinary Approach to the “Odyssey.” PhD dissertation, Syracuse University (USA), 1987. Tiura, Susan. Initiation into the Cosmos of Dionysus: An Archetypal Reading of Selected American Poets. MA thesis, Lakehead University (Canada), 1987. Villalobos, John C. William Blake and Biblical Criticism. PhD dissertations, University of Southern California (USA), 1987. Wang, Li-jun. Love in Yuan za-ju: A Comparative, Psychological Study. M.Phil. thesis, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 1987. Whaley, Susan Jane. Still Life: The Life of Things in the Fiction of Patrick White. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1987. 1988 Bhattacharyya, Basabi. The Saga Elements in Pearl S. Buck’s Fiction. PhD dissertation, University of Calcutta (India), 1988. Chapman, Susan Elizabeth. A Study of the Genre of T.H. White’s Arthurian Books. PhD dissertation, University of Wales (United Kingdom), 1988. Chin, Wan-kan. Metamorphosis in the Chinese Narrative: A Comparative Study. M.Phil. thesis, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 1988.

Connell, Penelope Lee. Shifts of Distance in Five Plays by Edward Bond. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1988. De Bruyn, Sally Elizabeth. Le roman comique de Paul Scarron: Les techniques comiques et leur fonction satirique [Paul Scarron’s Comic Novel: Comic Techniques and Their Satirical Function]. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1988. In French. Divasson Cilveti, Lourdes. La novelística de Margaret Atwood: The Edible Woman y Surfacing, dos romances contemporáneos [The Novels of Margaret Atwood: The Edible Woman and Surfacing, Two Contemporary Romances]. PhD dissertation, Universidad La Laguna (Spain), 1988. In Spanish. Durrant, Martin. The Ethical Function of Literature in the Criticism of Northrop Frye. PhD dissertation, University of Otago (New Zealand), 1988. Frota, Maria Helena de Arantes. Mario Palmerio’s Tragic Discourse. PhD dissertation, Stanford University (USA), 1988. Godbout, Patricia. “Brébeuf et ses frères”: A French Translation of “Brébeuf and His Brethren” by E.J. Pratt. MA thesis, Université de Sherbrooke (Canada), 1988. Grant, Reg. The Validity of Pregeneric Plot Structure in Ruth as a Key to Interpretation. Th.D. dissertation, Dallas Theological Seminary (USA), 1988. Hassan, Dinesh Shanklar. Shakespeare’s Early Comedies: A Study of Their Plots. PhD dissertation, University of Cincinnati (USA), 1988. King, Ashley Elizabeth. The Myth of the Questing Hero in Two Travel Books by Graham Greene and Robert Byron. MA thesis, College of William and Mary (USA), 1988. McCarthy, Finbarr. A Rage for Order: The Ideological Implications of Form in Early Southern Writing. PhD dissertation, Tulane University (USA), 1988. McClanaghan, Lillian. Loss in Chen Jo-His’s Fiction. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1988. MacDonald, Kirk. Folklore in Shakespeare’s As You Like It. M.A thesis, University of Alberta (Canada), 1988. Makele, Ben-And B. Primitivism and Colonialism in Selected Works of Melville, Conrad, and Achebe. PhD dissertation, Arizona State University (USA), 1988. Mosley, David Lee. Gesture, Sign, and Song: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Robert Schumann’s “Liederkreis. PhD dissertation, Emory University (USA), 1988. Nath, Anjan. Myth and Tradition of the Major Critical Traditions and Assumptions of Northrop Frye and T.S. Eliot. PhD dissertation, North Eastern Hill University (India), 1988. Pearce, Sandra Manoogian. A Reading of the Comic Elements in James Joyce’s Exiles: The Bergsonian Clown in the Dionysian Vineyard. PhD dissertation, Oklahoma State University (USA), 1988.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Peck, Diane Thomas. Art and Archetype: The Seasoned Frye. MA thesis, Western State College of Colorado (USA), 1988. Rota, Angela. Northrop Frye e il comico: Il personaggio del fissato [Frye and the Comedian: The Character of the Set]. Academic thesis, Istituto Universitario di Bergamo (Italy), 1988. In Italian. Saramma, K. Imagery in the Poetry of G. Sankara Kurup: A Study. PhD dissertation, University of Kerala (India), 1988. Sigurgrímsdóttir, Melkorka Edda. The Harry Potter Septology: A Heroic Epic in the Mythological Sense. BA thesis, University of Iceland, 1988. Turner, Dixie Mae. Structural Patterns and Principles of Design: An Archetypal Analysis of Four Selected Literary Works and Implications for Teaching Literature in Secondary Schools. PhD dissertation, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign (USA), 1988. White, Natalie Irene. The Dartmouth Seminar and Its Study Group on Myth and “Translation”: A Retrospective Analysis. PhD dissertation, University of New Mexico (USA), 1988. Wing, Joylyn W.D. Techniques of Opposition in the Work of Dario Fo. PhD dissertation, Stanford University (USA), 1988. Wislocki, JoAnne Hardisty. Changing the Face of Justice: A Textual Analysis of “The Oresteia” of Aeschylus. M.S. thesis, Southern Connecticut State University (USA), 1988. 1989 Blaetz, Robin J. Strategies of the Contingent: Joan of Arc in Film. PhD dissertation, New York University (USA), 1989. Brown, Alexander William. The Personality of Apollinaire as Revealed in His Poetry 1896–1912. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1989. Durrant, M. J. The Ethical Function of Literature in the Criticism of Northrop Frye. PhD dissertation, University of Otago (New Zealand), 1989. Ho, Yung-ch’ing. A Comparative Study of Teahouse. M.Phil. thesis, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 1989. Hubert, Henry A. Harmonious Perfection: The Development of English Studies in Nineteenth-Century Anglo-Canadian Colleges. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1989. Huggan, Graham. Territorial Disputes: Maps and Mapping Strategies in Contemporary Canadian and Australian Fiction. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1989. Jose, A.J. Ritual and Drama: The Humanization of the Myth of Orestes. PhD dissertation, Sardar Patel University (India), 1989

585

Morita, Norimasa. Symbol and Allegory: The History of a Critical Problem from Winckelmann to Paul de Man. PhD dissertation, University of Kent at Canterbury (United Kingdom), 1989. Paynter, Maria Nicholai. Symbolism and Irony in Silone’s Narrative Works. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1989. Schellhammer, Ulrike Beate. Funktion der Grossstadtallegorie und des “Mythos” in der “Zehnten Duineser Elegie” von Rainer Maria Rilke [Function of the Metropolitanism and the “Myth” in the “Tenth Duino Elegy” by Rainer Maria Rilke]. MA thesis, Rice University (USA), 1989. In German. Smith, John Michael. Los and the Science of the Elohim. PhD dissertation, University of Western Ontario (Canada), 1989. Stemmler, Joan Koster. Images of Human Existence: The Silenus, Sileni, Satyrs and Fauns in the Pictorial and Verbal Art of William Blake. PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania (USA), 1989. Usha, V.T. Ted Hughes: A Study of the Human and Non Human Characters in His Poetry. PhD dissertation, University of Kerala (India), 1989. Vessels, Gary Michael. Erico Verissimo’s “Caminhos Cruzados”: Aspects of the Novel of Ideas and the Menippean Tradition. PhD dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara (USA), 1989. 1990 Boudreau, Carl Henry. Human Nature and Language: A Critical Reconstruction of the European Conceptions. PhD dissertation, University of Iowa (USA), 1990. Castrén, Minna. The Mythical Imagination at Play— Literature and Literary Criticism in Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism.” MA thesis, University of Helsinki (Finland), 1990. Crouch, Jeffrey Martin. Blake’s “Milton”: Living Form Regained. MA thesis, University of Texas at Arlington (USA), 1990. Eberdt, Karen. Research Conceptions of Adult and College Reader Response to Literature. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1990. Ezroura, Mohammed. Criticism between Scientificity and Ideology: Theoretical Impasses in F.R. Leavis and P. Macherey. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1990. Gilliland, Gail. A Poetics of Being Minor (Northrop Frye, Harold Bloom, Gilles Deleuze, Felix Guattari, Minor Writers, Women Writers). PhD dissertation, University of Michigan (USA), 1990. Giu, Jin-Rong. “What trick hast thou now?” Four Studies of Falstaff. PhD dissertation, National Taiwan University (Taiwan), 1990. In Chinese.

586

The Reception of Northrop Frye

Gorman, David Joseph III. Literary Theory and the Concepts of Fiction and Fact. PhD dissertation, Columbia University (USA), 1990. Jain, Anju. A Study of the Novels of Norman Mailer in the Context of Quest for Self. PhD dissertation, Maharshi Dayanand University (India), 1990. Kundagol, M.V. Marital Love in Nineteenth-Century British Poetry. PhD dissertation, Karnatak University (India), 1990. Kwan, Carrie Yuk-ching. A Comparative Study of the Mother Archetype in “Death in Chicago” and “A Passage to India.” M.Phil. thesis, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 1990. In Chinese. Lacalle Zalduendo, María Rosario. La serialidad en la información televisiva: Los telediarios [Seriality in Television Information: The News]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain), 1990. In Spanish. Landis, Robyn Gay. The Family Business: Problems of Identity and Authority in Literature, Theory, and the Academy. PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania (USA), 1990. Louzada Fonseca, Pedro Carlos. A Criação Ficcional de Almeida Faria [The Fictional Creation of Almeida Faria]. PhD dissertation, University of New Mexico (USA), 1990. In Portuguese. McCarren, Paul Joseph. Several Teaching Manuals for Stage Acting Reinterpreted with the Help of “The Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius Loyola.” PhD dissertation, New York University (USA), 1990. Mastag, Horst Dieter. The Transformations of Job in Modern German Literature. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1990. Merican, Fadillah Fatima. The Fiction of Ruth Prawer Jhabvala: Irony within a Dual Philosophical Framework. PhD dissertation, University of Hull (United Kingdom), 1990. Panda, Sushant Kumar. Desire as a Mode of Subversion in Six Novels of John Wain. PhD dissertation, Sambalpur University (India), 1990. Porter, Ruth Ellen. Language, Myth, and Art in the Poetic Process of Edith Wharton and Anton Chekhov. PhD dissertation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA), 1990. Rodman, Jeffrey Stanley. A World of Romance: The Wessex Fiction of John Cowper Powys. PhD dissertation, University of Cambridge (United Kingdom), 1990. Sandford, Luke Heston. Aspects of Eros in Emile Zola’s Germinal. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1990. Segarra Montaner, Marta. Au pays d’Henri Michaux: La dialectique de l’espace et du temps dans son oeuvre écrite [In the Country of Henri Michaux: The Dialectic of Space and Time in His Written Work]. PhD

dissertation, Universitat de Barcelona (Spain), 1990. In French. Seibt, Betty Kay. Evidences of the Romantic Tradition in Coming-of-Age Novels. MA thesis, Texas Woman’s University (USA), 1990. Sen, Nandini. Wit in Shakespeare’s Comedies. PhD dissertation, Calcutta University (India), 1990. Sherman, Brenda. A Study of the Text of William Blake’s “Jerusalem: The Emanation of the Giant Albion.” Kutztown University of Pennsylvania (USA), 1990. Soffer, Lea F. Literature: Implications for Program Development in Secondary Schools. Ed.D. dissertation, Temple University (USA), 1990. Somerville, Janet Lynn. Imitation and Innovation in Spen­ ser’s “The Shepheardes Calender” and Reaney’s “A Suit of Nettles.” MA thesis, McMaster University (Canada), 1990. Wei, Lingdun. Between Realist and Allegorical Discourse: A Comparative Study of Han Shaogong’s Fiction. M.Phil. thesis, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 1990. Yu, Teresa Yee-Wah. Li Shangyin: The Poetry of Allusion. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1990. 1991 Bali, Krishan Kumar. Symbolism and Myth in Raja Rao’s Fiction: A New Interpretation. PhD dissertation, Panjab University (India), 1991. Biswas, Asit Kumar. R.S. Crane as a Literary Critic and Critical Theorist. PhD dissertation, University of Burdwan (India), 1991. Burgess, Joanne Harris. A Methodist Imagination: The Redemptive Vision of Northrop Frye. PhD dissertation, Concordia University (Canada), 1991. Chen, Jue. Reviewing the Tamkang Review: Some Theoretical and Methodological Issues in the Development of East-West Comparative Literature Studies. M.Phil. thesis, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 1991. Cunningham, James. The Poetics of Concern and “The Anxieties of the Age”: Towards an Ontology of Literary Response. MA thesis, University of Toronto (Canada), 1991. Fairbairn, Catherine Rebecca. Short Trip on Spaceship Earth Intermedia Society, 1967–1972. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1991. Fero, Alanna Carlene. The Robert Kroetsch Alphabet Book: Sketches of a Thesis. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1991. Gimbutas, Zivile Vilija. The Riddle in the Poem. PhD dissertation, Indiana University (USA), 1991. Jones, Gerald L. Jameson and Frye: The Continued Discussion of the Romance Genre in Theory and Practice. PhD

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

dissertation, Bowling Green State University (USA), 1991. Lammon, Martin Dean. A Sustained Raid into Modern Life: The Critical Commentary of Robert Bly, 1958–1986. PhD dissertation, Ohio University (USA), 1991. Miner, Marylou E. Imagination and Education towards a Literacy of the Imagination. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1991. Morrison, Ann Katherine. Canadian Art and Cultural Appropriation: Emily Carr and the 1927 Exhibition of Canadian West Coast Art—Native and Modern. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1991. Nahrebecky, George. Maîtres et disciples: Les enjeux de la supériorité dans “Les Liaisons dangereuses” [Masters and Disciples: The Challenges of Superiority in “Dangerous Liaisons”]. PhD dissertation, Queen’s University (Canada), 1991. In French. Phillips, Walter Dana. Walt Whitman’s Monologic Imagination. PhD dissertation, Duke University (USA), 1991. Reynolds, Jeff. Art, Alienation, and the Need to Create. MA thesis, University of Toronto (Canada), 1991. Romea Castro, Celia. Documentos para una imagen literaria de Barcelona (Década de 1833 a 1843) [Documents for a Literary Image of Barcelona (the Decade from 1833 to 1843)]. PhD dissertation, Universitat de Barcelona (Spain), 1991. In Spanish. Russell, Harold Ford. Northrop Frye as a Theorist of Myth. PhD dissertation, Southern Illinois University (USA), 1991. Swamy, T. Narayana. Ethics and the Empire: A Study of Paul Scott’s Themes and Techniques. PhD dissertation, Sri Krishnadevaraya University (India), 1991. Vadlovo-Landa, Monique. To Documents for a Literary Image of Barcelona (Decade from 1833 to 1843). MA thesis, Université de Sherbrooke (Canada), 1991. Woods, Sandra Rosalynne. “Losers at the Game?” Male Protagonists in Four Novels of Henry James. PhD dissertation, West Virginia University (USA), 1991. 1992 Aga, Ainodin. Northrop Frye as a Literary Critic. PhD dissertation, Goa University (India), 1992. Alcántara-Mejía, José Ramón. Poética y Hermenéutica en la Obra Castellana de Fray Luis de León [Poetics and Hermeneutics in the Castilian Work of Fray Luis de León]. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1992. In Spanish. Al-Faress, Assem. Comparative Literature and Intertextuality: A Theoretical Study in Modern European and American Literary Criticism. PhD dissertation, Indiana University (USA), 1992. Auersperg, Ruth E. Exilic Discourse as Self-Constitution. MA thesis, McGill University (Canada), 1992.

587

Bora, Bonti. Emily Dickinson as a Rebel Poet. M.Phil. thesis, North-Eastern Hill University (India), 1992. Dence, Alexandra Charlotte. The Nineteenth-Century Novel’s Divided Personality: Gothic Worlds in Dickens, Hardy, and James. PhD dissertation, University of Alberta (Canada), 1992. Gallagher, Kristi F. Food as a Structural Symbol in Nora Ephron’s “Heartburn.” Thesis/dissertation, Nebraska Wesleyan University (USA), 1992. Haddon, Rosemary Maeve. Nativist Fiction in China and Taiwan: A Thematic Survey. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1992. Iles, Timothy J.F. Akutagawa Ryunosuke: Three Themes. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1992. Junqueira, Renata Soares. Sob os sortilegios de Circe: Ensaio sobre as mascaras poeticas de Florbela Espanca [Under the Sorceries of Circe: Essay on the Poetic Masks of Florbela Espanca]. MA thesis, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguage (Brazil), 1992. In Portuguese. Kaiser, David Aram. Enunciating the Whole: Aesthetic and Political Representation in Coleridge. PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley (USA), 1992. Krishnamoorty, V. From Comic Objectivity to Ironic Self-Discovery: A Study of the Fiction of Ruth Prawer Jhabvala. PhD dissertation, Bharathidasan University (India), 1992. Kwok, Agnes Wai-fong. Imagination in Sino-Western Comparative Perspectives. M.Phil. thesis, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 1992. Marino, Andrew. The Heroic Image in Three American Writers: Norman Mailer, Saul Bellow and Philip Roth. PhD dissertation, University of Essex (United Kingdom), 1992. M’marete, Gideon Nteere. An Anatomy of Third World Literature: Northrop Frye’s Theory of Modes in a Post-Colonial Context. PhD dissertation, Massey University (New Zealand), 1992. O’Rourke, Daniel J., III. In His Image: A Rhetorical Analysis of the Mythic Androcentrism of the Roman Catholic Church. PhD dissertation, Purdue University (USA), 1992. Paryas, Phyllis Margaret. Making a Life from the Margins: The Oblique Art of Barbara Pym. PhD dissertation, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. Salvador, Gines. Ideología y humor en La Dama Boba de Lope de Vega y Carpio [Ideology of Humour in La Dama Boba by Lope de Vega and Carpio]. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1992. In Spanish. Sherbert, Garry H. Menippean Satire and the Poetics of Wit: Conventions of Self-Consciousness in Dunton and Sterne. PhD dissertation, University of Alberta (Canada), 1992.

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The Reception of Northrop Frye

Smith, Michaela Jolanda Ruppert. From Sacred to Suspect: Myth as Truth or Lie: A Methodological Inquiry. PhD dissertation, Claremont Graduate School (USA), 1992. van Vuuren, Marijke Elizabeth. Judaeo-Christian Myth and Symbolism in the Novels of William Golding. MA thesis, University of Pretoria (South Africa), 1992. Wise, Christopher Anthony. The Marxian Hermeneutics of Fredric Jameson. PhD dissertation, University of California, Riverside (USA), 1992. 1993 Bremner, Lori. Imagination and the Affirmation of the Ordinary: Words and Deeds in the Films of Frank Capra. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1993. Chiang, Ying Cheng. Hero, History and Landscape in Muriel Sparks’ “Territorial Rights.” MA thesis, National Chung Cheng University (Taiwan), 1993. Clarke, Lucy Catherine. Northrop Frye, from “Anatomy of Criticism” to “The Great Code”: A Visionary Critic. BA honours thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University (United Kingdom), 1993. Collis, Stephen. The Poetics of Derivation: Robert Duncan and American Modernism. PhD dissertation, Simon Fraser University (Canada), 1993. Dhawan, Vimal. The Novels of Sara Jeannette Duncan: A Study in Double Vision. PhD dissertation, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda (India), 1993. Fachinger, Petra. Counter-Discursive Strategies in First-World Migrant Writing. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1993. Gardner, Mary Craig. The Generation of Knowledge: A Late Twentieth-Century Episode. Ed.D. dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1993. Gill, Toony. “Frailty, thy name is woman”: A Study of the Dark Lady of the Sonnets, Gertrude, Ophelia, Cressida and Cleopatra. Master of Philosophy thesis, North-Eastern Hill University (India), 1993. Goodison, Susanne. “The object of their life”: Defining Female Self in The Tenant of Wildfell Hall and Miss Marjoribanks. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1993. Heley, Matthew. Tentative Title Pages: Northrop Frye and Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s “One Hundred Years of Solitude.” BA honours thesis, University of Adelaide(Australia), 1993. Hinnen, Dean A. Critical Symmetry: William Blake’s Influence on the Critical Theories of Northrop Frye. MA thesis, Southwest Missouri State University (USA), 1993. Hunter, Jane. The Richmond Young Writers’ Project 1979–1984. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1993. Ianes, Raul. De Cortés a la huérfana enclaustrada: La novella histórica del romanticismo hispanoamericano [Of

Cuts to the Cloistered Orphan: The Historical Novel of the Hispano-American Romanticism]. PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania (USA), 1993. In Spanish. Kaplan, Francis Carter. Empiricism, Anatomy, Reality: Reading Herman Melville in the Menippean Tradition. PhD dissertation, University of North Dakota (USA), 1993. Keep, Christopher James. The Lure of the Abyss: Thanatogenic Desire and the End of the World in NineteenthCentury British Fiction. PhD dissertation, Queen’s University (Canada), 1993. Kokotailo, Philip Robert. Appreciating the Present: Smith, Sutherland, Frye, and Pacey as Historians of EnglishCanadian Poetry. PhD dissertation, McGill University (Canada), 1993. Lee, Monica L. De la crónica a la escena: Arauco en el teatro del Siglo de Oro [From the Chronicle to the Scene: Arauco in the Theatre of the Spanish Golden Age]. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1993. In Spanish. McCarty, Lawrence Richard. The Use of Humor in Three Novels of Alfredo Bryce Echenique. PhD dissertation, Temple University (USA), 1993. Martin, Darlene Patricia. “An emerald trail”: Archetypal Dimensions of the Heroic in “A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.” MA thesis, Duquesne University (USA), 1993. Murti, Uma. Shakespeare’s Plays with Special Reference to Ethical Interpretation. PhD dissertation, Maharshi Dayanand University (India), 1993. Park, Duk-Hyun. A Study of Northrop Frye’s Critical Theory. MA thesis, Chung-Ang University Graduate School (South Korea), 1993. In Korean. Puri, Satya Paul. Mythical and Fabulistic Mode in the Novels of William Golding: A Select Study. PhD dissertation, Himachal Pradesh University (India), 1993. Rajalekshmy P. A Study of the Satirical Element in Selected Works of Erich Kästner. PhD dissertation, University of Kerala (India), 1993. Ramos, Nela Bureu. The Canadian Landscape through Poetry. PhD dissertation, University of Lleida (Spain), 1993. Reynolds, Annette E. Of Symposiarchs and Doorkeepers: Theorizing Cultural Appropriation and Authenticity. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1993. Sabol, Regis T. The Private vs. the General: The Conflict between the Individual and the War Machine in Four American Novelists of World War II. PhD dissertation, Indiana University of Pennsylvania (USA), 1993. Sethu, Raj. John Barth’s Early Fiction: A Way out from the Absurd. PhD dissertation, Bharathiar University (India), 1993. Staveley, Anne Stewart. Festivities, Masquerades and Epiphanies: The Comic World of E.F. Benson. PhD

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

dissertation, Memorial University of Newfoundland (Canada), 1993. Thomas, C.C. Process of Transcendence in Emily Dickinson’s Poetry. PhD dissertation, Mahatma Gandhi University (India), 1993. Warren, Stacy. The City as Theme Park and the Theme Park as City: Amusement Space, Urban Form, and Cultural Change. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1993. Wilkinson, Alexia Anne. Journalism, Myth and Metaphor. M.J. thesis, Carleton University (Canada), 1993. Zimmerman, Kate Ballantyne. In Search of the Myth in History: The Narrative of the Quest from Sacred to Secular. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1993. 1994 Ascencio Chancy, Michaelle. Nèg kampé: Lecture anthropologique du roman haϊtien contemporain. [Nèg Kampé: Anthropological Reading of the Contemporary Haitian Novel]. PhD dissertation, École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Paris (France), 1994. In French. Balisch, Loretta Faith. Scrub Growth: Canadian Humour to 1912: An Exploration. PhD dissertation, Memorial University of Newfoundland (Canada), 1994. Banham, Russell John. Comic Potential of “Measure for Measure.” MA thesis, University of Montana (USA), 1994. Cameron, Laura Jean. Openings to a Lake: Historical Approaches to Sumas Lake, British Columbia. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1994. Chandrasekaran, P. Navaraj. Comedy as Catharsis: A Study of Neil Simon’s Plays. PhD dissertation, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University (India), 1994. Chopra, Vikram. Shakespeare’s Major Tragedies: A Study in the Context of Indian Approaches. PhD dissertation, Sardar Patel University (India), 1994. Dash, Gananath. Existential Choice as a Point of View in Major Plays of Tennessee Williams. PhD dissertation, Utkal University (India), 1994. Dubois, Diane. Northrop Frye in Context. PhD dissertation, University of Hull (United Kingdom), 1994. Dunlop, Rishma. Narrative, Literacy and the Quest for Self: Tango through the Dark. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1994. Gobin, Charles Edward. “Here One Poor Word an Hundred Clenches Makes”: Alexander Pope, the Dunciad, and Menippean Satire. PhD dissertation, University of Florida (USA), 1994. Gobus, Barbara C. Archetypes in Nineteenth-Century British Literature: A Jungian and Feminist Perspective. MA thesis, California State University, Northridge (USA), 1994.

589

Greenlaw, James C. A Postcolonial Conception of the High School Multicultural Literature Curriculum I. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1994. Hemeon, Freda Shields. Robertson Davies, Maker of Canadian Myths. MA thesis, Dalhousie University (Canada), 1994. Hasebe-Ludt, Erika Luise. In All the Universe: Placing the Texts of Culture and Community in Only One School. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1994. Hoess, Lucia. The Concept of the Garden in Selected Spanish Works of the Medieval and Golden Age. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1994. Jayasree, V.R. Imagery in the Poetry of Vyloppilli Sreedhara Menon. PhD dissertation, Mahatma Gandhi University (India), 1994. In Malayalam. Keable, Penelope Susan. Creators, Creatures and Victim Survivors: Word, Silence and Some Humane Voices of Self-Determination in Apocalyptic Literature from the Wycliffe Bible of 1388 to the United Nations World Conference on Human Rights of 1993. PhD dissertation, University of Sydney (Australia), 1994. Kirkness, Catherine Jane. Reading Widdershins: A Study of Romance and A.S. Byatt’s Possession: A Romance. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1994. Lamb, Martha Moss. Margaret Atwood’s “Trick Hip”: Transcending Duality with Imagination. MA thesis, Florida Atlantic University (USA), 1994. Latorre Ceresuela, Yolanda. Las artes en Emilia Pardo Bazán: Cuentos y últimas novelas. [Arts in the Stories and Latest Novels of Emilia Pardo Bazán]. PhD dissertation, Universitat de Lleida (Spain), 1994. In Spanish. Laux, Cameron. Three Paradigms in Cultural Criticism: Northrop Frye, Tzvetan Todorov and the School of Clifford Geertz. PhD dissertation, University of Oxford (United Kingdom), 1994. Lin, Miao-Huei. Three Levels of Irony in Scott Fitzgerald’s “The Beautiful and Damned.” MA thesis, National Chung Cheng University (Taiwan), 1994. McLaughlin, Catherine May. Searching the Female Text in Sinclair Ross, Denise Boucher and Pol Pelletier. MA thesis, University of Alberta (Canada), 1994. Madge, Vijay Malhar. The Knight and the Saint: A Study of the Development of T.S. Eliot. PhD dissertation, Savitribai Phule Pune University (India), 1994. Markefka, Guntbert K.A. Dallas: Analyse literischer Strukturen einer Fernsehserie (Anatomy of a Drama Series) [Dallas: Analysis of the Literary Structures of a Television Series (Anatomy of a Drama Series)]. PhD dissertation, University of Hannover(Germany), 1994. In German. Misra, Ramesh Kumar. Journey Motif in Five Contemporary Novels. PhD dissertation, Himachal Pradesh University (India), 1994.

590

The Reception of Northrop Frye

Muñoz Valdivieso, Sofía. La idea del romance en la crítica de Northrop Frye [The Idea of Romance in the Criticism of Northrop Frye]. Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Málaga (Spain), 1994. In Spanish. Nivargi, Mahesh M. Native American Novels in the Nineteen Seventies: A Critical Study. PhD dissertation, Shivaji University (India), 1994. Pacey, John David Michael. An Unexpected Alliance: The Layton-Pacey Correspondence. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1994. Pennee, Donna. Femicide in the Critical Construction of “The Double Hook”: A Case Study in the Interrelations of Modernism, Literary Nationalism, and Cultural Maturity. PhD dissertation, McGill University (Canada), 1994. Petrella, Beatrice Ada. Versions of Myth in “Great Expectations.” PhD dissertation, New York University (USA), 1994. Phillips, Richard Simon. A Geography of Adventure. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1994. Pillai, Sabina. The Unmasking: A Semiotic Analysis of Eugene O’Neill’s Trilogy, “Mourning Becomes Electra.” PhD dissertation, Jawaharlal Nehru University (India), 1994. Robson, David Joseph. From Ritual to Rocket: “Gravity’s Rainbow” in the Apocalyptic Tradition. PhD dissertation, University of Western Ontario (Canada), 1994. Sabbath, Roberta Sterman. Romancing Visual Women: From Canon to Console. PhD dissertation, University of California, Riverside (USA), 1994. Simpson, Kenneth Richard Adams. The Word as Sacrament: Literary Ecclesiology in Milton’s Prose and Paradise Regained. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1994. Sisk David Warner. Claiming Mastery over the Word: Transformations of Language in Six Twentieth-Century Dystopias. PhD dissertation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA), 1994. Szutor, Kristina F. Musical Coherence and Poetic Meaning in George Crumb’s Apparition. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1994. Thompson, Dawn. A Politics of Memory: Cognitive Strategies of Five Women Writing in Canada. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1994. Villanueva-Benavides, Idalia. Irony and Myth in Five Novels of Manuel Scorza. PhD dissertation, University of Missouri (USA), 1994. Willis, Gary Donald. Emotion Appraisals and Generic Plots: An Integrative Theory and a TAT Exploration. PhD dissertation, University of Calgary (Canada), 1994. Wong, Yan Chau Christina. Rock Music and Hegemony in China. M.Phil. thesis, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 1994.

Xie, Shaobo. Beyond the Linguistic Moment: Allegories of the Political Unconscious. PhD dissertation, University of Calgary (Canada), 1994. Xu, Dongfeng. Romance and Textual Politics: An Analysis of The Travels of Sir John Mandeville and The Three Treasure Eunich’s Travels to the Western Ocean. MA thesis, University of Alberta (Canada), 1994. Yu, Eric Kwan-wai. Historical Formation of Romantic Egotism: Sensibility, Radicalism, and the Reception of Wordsworth’s and Coleridge’s Early Poetry. PhD dissertation, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 1994. 1995 Albright, James. Literacy Conflicts, Who Needs Them? MA thesis, Mount Saint Vincent University (Canada), 1995. Anderson, Jill Jacqueline. A History of Women Religious in the Early Irish Church: The Hagiographical Evidence. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1995. Behhah, Michael Dean. A Celebration of Joy: Christian Romanticism in “The Chronicles of Narnia.” MA thesis, West Texas A&M University (USA), 1995. Besa Camprubí, Carles. Màxima i Novel·la: El cas de “À la recherche du temps perdu.” [Maxims and the Novel: The Case of “In Search of Lost Time”]. PhD dissertation, Universitat de Barcelona (Spain), 1995. In Catalan. Chu, Fang-Ling. A Prototype of Taiwanese Student Literature in the 1960s and 1970s. MA thesis, National Chung Cheng University (Taiwan), 1995. Cotrupi, Caterina Nella. The Poetics of Process: Longinus and Vico in the Critical Thought of Northrop Frye. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1995. Curtin, Kevin Thomas. The Dark Lady in Ritual Space: Shakespearean Redemptions and the Sponsa Nigra Motif in the Later Plays. PhD dissertation, Princeton University (USA), 1995. Dueck, Calvin. A Critical Analysis of Northrop Frye’s Reading, and Structure of the Bible. M.C.S. thesis, Regent College (Canada), 1995. Dyck, Sandra. These Things Are Our Totems: Marius Barbeau and the Indigenization of Canadian Art and Culture in the 1920s. MA thesis, Carleton University (Canada), 1995. Fuentes Vázquez, Manuel. La poesía de la revista escorial (1940–1950) [The Poetry of the Escorial Magazine (1940–1950)]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (Spain), 1995. In Spanish. Gaspari, Anna Maria Rosaria. Retorica e strategie narrative nel “Triregno” di Pietro Giannone [Rhetoric and Narrative Strategies in the “Triregno” by Pietro Giannone]. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1995. In Italian. Greenwald, Carolyn Beth. Reviewing The Philadelphia Story: Social Convention in Remarriage Comedy. MA thesis, Iowa State University (USA), 1995.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Gunasekaran, N. Themes and Techniques in the Selected Plays of Arthur Miller. PhD dissertation, Bharathidasan University (India), 1995. Hutton, Scot. Oral and Literate (R)evolutions. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1995. Jayaveeran, G. The Futuristic Vision in the Select Short Stories of Anton Chekhov and S.U. Samudram: A Comparative Study. PhD dissertation, Bharathidasan University (India), 1995. Jeyan, Subash N. The Discourse of Wonder a Study of J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings. PhD dissertation, The English and Foreign Languages University, Hyderabad (India), 1995. Kellman, Tila Landon. Figuring Redemption: Enframing the Subject in Selected Work of Michael Snow. PhD dissertation, York University (Canada), 1995. Kumar, N Prasantha. Writing the Female: A Comparative Study of Kamala Das and Anne Sexton. PhD dissertation, Mahatma Gandhi University (India), 1995. Lammers, David. Northrop Frye and the Tragedy of Identity in “Moby Dick.” MA thesis, McMaster University (Canada), 1995. Loiselle, André. Afferent Drama/Efferent Cinema: The Structure of Modern Canadian and Québécois Film-Mediated Drama from 1972 to 1992. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1995. MacDonald, Alan. Johann Walter’s Cantiones, 1544: Historical Background and Symbolic Influences. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1995. Mohamed Amin Khattu, A.K. The Art of Humour: A Comparative Study of the Selected Writings of Stephen Leacock and R.K. Narayan. PhD dissertation, Bharathidasan University (India), 1995. Olsen, Robert. Sociopoetic Discourses: Literary Responses to the Systematization of Modern Culture. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1995. Phillipson, Allan. C.K. Stead and Three Modes of New Zealand Poetry. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1997. Poston, Craig Alan. The Problematic British Romantic Hero(ine): “The Giaour,” “Mathilda,” and “Evelina.” PhD dissertation, University of North Texas (USA), 1995. Pountney, Michael James. Northrop Frye and the Teaching of Sacred Text. Ed.D. dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1995. Rayner, Anne Patricia. Everything Becomes Island: Gulf Islands Writing and the Construction of Region. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1995. Rhee, Suk-koo. The British Empire and Its Other: Nineteenth-Century and Modern Imperial Romance and Counter-Discourse. PhD dissertation, Indiana University (USA), 1995.

591

Schnick, Daniel William. Walking the Thin Line: Ishikawa Sanshirō and Japanese Anarchism. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1995. Sinclair, Tara. The Key to the Grail Is Teaching with Compassion. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1995. Sreekumar, S. The Creative Worlds of K. Nagarajan and K.S. Venkataramani: A Critical Evaluation of Their Fiction. PhD dissertation, Bharathiar University (India), 1995. Tremblay, M. Anthony. Ezra Pound and Marshall McLuhan: A Meditation on the Nature of Influence. PhD dissertation, University of New Brunswick (Canada), 1995. Varney, Sharon Joy. Gogol as a Historian. PhD dissertation, University of Virginia (USA), 1995. Wall, Joseph Patrick. A History of Literary Study of the Bible. PhD dissertation, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (USA). Zeng, Zhenzhen. Myth and Allegory in C.S. Lewis’s “Till We Have Faces.” MA thesis, National Chung Cheng University (Taiwan), 1995. 1996 Baby, K.T. Violence in the Poetry of Ted Hughes: An Organic Growth. PhD dissertation, Mahatma Gandhi University (India), 1996. Bahar, Suzette. Histoire, littérature et mythe dans Salammbo de Flaubert et La Méditerraneé de Braudel. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1996. Banerjee, Arunav. Superman’s Quest for Comedy: The Shavian Ambivalence. PhD dissertation, University of North Bengal (India), 1996. Bishop, Scot. John Donne’s Poetry and Sermons: Some Parallels in Spiritual Discovery. MA thesis, McGill University (Canada), 1996. Cabreira, Regina Helena Urias. Literal and Metaphorical Frames in Dickens’s “Little Dorrit.” MA thesis, Federal University of Parana (Brazil), 1996. Calder, Alison Claire. The Lie of the Land: Regionalism, Environmental Determinism, and the Criticism of Canadian Prairie Writing. PhD dissertation, University of Western Ontario (Canada), 1996. Chang, Sio Man Loretta. Negotiating a Star Text: Siao Fong Fong, Laughter and Gender. M.Phil. thesis, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 1996. Chor, Grace Yi Wong. A Study of Cantonese Translation of Play Titles, Character Names, Songs, Settings and Puns in Six of Shakespeare’s Comedies. M.Phil. thesis, University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 1996. Clark, Roger Young. Cosmology, Mythology and Mysticism in the Novels of Salman Rushdie. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1996.

592

The Reception of Northrop Frye

Colarelli, Margaret Cary. Of Mind and Manner: Association and Digression in “The Seasons,” “The Task,” and “The Prelude.” PhD dissertation, University of Chicago (USA), 1996. De Zwaan, Victoria. Postmodern Pirates: Metaphoric Experiments in the Novels of Donald Barthelme, Thomas Pynchon, and Kathy Acker. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1996. Dickinson, Peter. Here Is Queer: Nationalisms and Sexualities in Contemporary Canadian Literatures. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1996. Drodge, Susan. The Feminist Romantic: The Revisionary Rhetoric of Double Negative, Naked Poems, and Gyno-text. PhD dissertation, Memorial University of Newfoundland (Canada) 1996. Ekselius, Eva. “Andas fram mitt Ansikte”: Om den Mystika och Djuppsykologiska Strukturen hos Per Olov Enquist [“Breathe forth My Face”: On the Mythical and Depth Psychological Structure of Per Olov Enquist’s Literary Work]. Fil. Dr. dissertation, Stockholms Universitet (Sweden), 1996. In Swedish. Espejo Saavedra, Ramon Ernique. Representaciones Históricas: Galdós, ValleInclan y Max Aub [Historical Representations: Galdós, Valle-Inclan, and Max Aub]. PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania (USA), 1996. In Spanish. Fiamengo, Janice Anne. “Even in this Canada of ours”: Suffering, Sympathy, and Social Justice in Late-Victorian Canadian Social Reform Discourse. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1996. Ferguson, Bruce George. Ideology in the Fantastic Narrative of Charles Nodier. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1996. Gagné, Sylvain. Les figures du poète Saint-Denys Garneau dans le discours critique de 1937 à 1993 [The Figures of the Poet Saint-Denys Garneau in the Critical Discourse from 1937 to 1993]. PhD dissertation, Université de Montréal (Canada), 1996. In French. Giménez Micó, José Antonio. L’irruption des “autres,” les discours identitaires de revendication depuis les années 1960 jusqu’à nos jours [The Irruption of “Others” and Their Claim to Identity Discourses from the 1960s to the Present Day]. PhD dissertation, Université de Montréal (Canada), 1996. In French. Good, James Alexander. William Carlos Williams and the Pastoral Tradition. PhD dissertation, McGill University (Canada), 1996. Graham, John R. A History of the University of Toronto School of Social Work. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1996. Helms, Gabriele. Dialogism, Cultural Narratology, and Contemporary Canadian Novels in English. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1996.

Hernández González, María Belén. El ensayo literario en Ortega y Gasset y Pirandello [The Literary Essay in Ortega y Gasset and Pirandello]. PhD dissertation, Universidad de Murcia (Spain), 1996. In Spanish. Hunter, Eric LaRue. The Mythic Expression of Social Protest in Late Victorian Novels. PhD dissertation, Harvard University (USA), 1996. Jacek, Eva Margaret. From Cliché to Conundrum: The Net of Language in the Satires of Jonathan Swift and Flann O’Brien. PhD dissertation, Université de Montréal (Canada), 1996. Jeon, Miseli. Image of Mother in Jun’ichiro Tanizaki’s Hahakoi Stories. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1996. Kandali, Prakash. Self and Society in Shakespeare. PhD dissertation, Gauhati University (India), 1996. Kerr, Thomas L. “Portraits of a Country”: Traduction de “Portraits d’un pays” de Naim Kattan. MA thesis, Université de Sherbrooke (Canada), 1996. Kwon, Jung Sook. A Study of Northrop Frye’s Myth Criticism, Focussing upon “Anatomy of Criticism.” MA thesis, Kangnung National University (South Korea), 1996. In Korean. Lachance, François. Sense, Orientations, Meanings, Apparatus: Ideological Dimensions of Select Twentieth-Century Occidental Texts Devoted to Technology, Perception and Reproduction. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1996. McMahon, Daniel Jordan. Maps of Myth-Reading: Utopias as Revolutionary Mythologies. PhD dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park (USA), 1996. Martín Alegre, Sara. More Human Than Human: Aspects of Monstrosity in the Films and Novels in English of the 1980s and 1990s. PhD dissertation, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain), 1996. Melamed, Chaim. Gulliver and the Other: A Psychoanalytical Examination. PhD dissertation, Université de Montréal (Canada), 1996. Murthy, H. Vasudeva. Satire and Structure in Byron’s Don Juan: A Study. Master of Philosophy thesis, Sri Krishnadevaraya University (India), 1996. Nuckels, Rosa Turner. Visions of Light in the Poetry of William Blake and Emily Dickinson. PhD dissertation, University of North Texas (USA), 1996. Rao, N. Narayan. Humanism in Postwar American Poetry. PhD dissertation, Sri Krishnadevaraya University (India), 1996. Rosenthal, Alex. Postmodern Refections [sic] for Marine Safety Education on “Tin Boating” in the Canadian Wilderness. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1996. Schuurman, Nadine Cato. Reinscribing Colonialism: The Royal Commission on Indian Affairs in Nlha’pamux and

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Stl’atl’imx Territory, 1914. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1996. Solé Castells, Cristina. Aproximación temática a la obra novelística de Pierre Drieu la Rochelle [Thematic Approximation to the Novelistic Work of Pierre Drieu la Rochelle]. PhD dissertation, Universitat de Lleida (Spain), 1996. In Spanish. Sturgis, John Robert. An Order of Words: A Philosophy for Literary Studies in the Ethical Poetics of Northrop Frye. MA thesis, State University of West Georgia (USA), 1996. Suazo-Jaque, Jorge Washington. The Mary Symbol in the “Romances” of Don Francisco de Medrano. PhD dissertation, Ohio State University (USA), 1996. Sumalatha, B. The Theme of Survival: A Study of Margaret Atwood’s Early Novels. Master of Philosophy thesis, Sri Krishnadevaraya University (India), 1996. Wainer, Alex Myer, Jr. Mythic Expression in Comic Book Technique: Mythopoeic Aspects of Batman. PhD dissertation, Regent University (USA), 1996. Wall, William Garfield. “Now my lot in the heaven is this”: A Study of William Blake’s Own Acknowledged Sources: Shakespeare, Milton, Isaiah, Ezra, Boehme, and Paracelsus. PhD dissertation, University of Massachusetts Amherst (USA), 1996. Weaven, Mary Alexandra. A Revaluation of the Teaching of Literature. Ed.D. dissertation, Latrobe University (Australia), 1996. Willie, Janine A. On Theorizing Native Literatures: Searching for Effective, Culturally Appropriate Ways to Read and Understand Native Literatures. MA thesis, York University (Canada), 1996. Yuan, Changming. Politics and Poetics: A Comparative Study of John Keats and Li He. PhD dissertation, University of Saskatchewan (Canada), 1996. 1997 Andrews, Una Loreen. Tyrone Guthrie and the Open Stage Controversy in Postwar Britain. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1997. Bamiro, Edmund Olushina. The English Language and the Construction of Cultural and Social Identity in Zimbabwean and Trinbagonian Literatures. PhD dissertation, University of Saskatchewan (Canada), 1997. Bannerman, Marian White. Poetic Questions: Interrogative in the Poetry of W.B. Yeats, T.S. Eliot, and Wallace Stevens. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1997. Bardoloi, Leena. The Spiritual Crisis of Contemporary Civilisation and the Poetry of T.S. Eliot. PhD dissertation, Gauhati University (India), 1997. Bavington, Dean Louis. An Unhealthy Neighbourhood at an Inauspicious Hour: Environmental Management

593

during the Ecocrisis. Master of Environmental Science thesis, York University (Canada), 1997. Beal, Georgiana Kathleen. Habit Does the Work of Reason: The Constitution of Community between People Diagnosed with Schizophrenia and Their Friends. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1997. Bergen, David Abram. Narratorial Voice in Deuteronomic Research. MA thesis, University of Calgary (Canada), 1997. Bolongaro, Eugenio. The Modern Intellectual Negotiating the Generic System: Italo Calvino and the Adventure of Literary Cognition. PhD dissertation, McGill University (Canada), 1997. Boone, Elaine Adele. Holding the Key to the Hall of Democracy: Professional Education for Librarianship in Toronto, 1882–1936. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1997. Brooks, Kevin Alfred. Writing Instruction in Western Canadian Universities: A History of Nation-Building and Professionalism. PhD dissertation, Iowa State University (USA), 1997. Brown, Douglas George. An Examination of Alienating Trends in Religious Education. Ed.D. dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1997. Brown, Elizabeth Jean. The Quest for Whole Sight: A Place for Imagination in Moral Education. MA thesis, McGill University (Canada), 1997. Brown, Lindsay M. Storytelling: A Cultural Studies Approach. MA thesis, Simon Fraser University (Canada), 1997. Cabri, Louis de. A Poetics of Aesthetic Forms. MA thesis, University of Calgary (Canada), 1997. Campbell, Anthony. Bending Authors & Narrative Straits: Shakespeare’s Telling Strategies. PhD dissertation, University of Western Ontario (Canada), 1997. Campion, Blandine. La faille et le repli, pour une poétique du récit amoureux chez Gilles Archambault [Fault and Withdrawal, for a Poetics of the Love Story in Gilles Archambault]. PhD dissertation, Université de Montréal (Canada), 1997. In French. Carpenter, Mark Peter. Uneasy Lies the Head That Wears the Crown, the Gangster Genre, Shakespearean Tragedy, and the Godfather Trilogy. M.F.A. thesis, York University (Canada), 1997. Carson, Jacqueline Elaine. Loren Eiseley’s Evolutionary Narratives. PhD dissertation, University of Arkansas (USA), 1997. Celovsky, Lisa Ann. Martial and Marital: Representing Masculinity in The Faerie Queene and The New Arcadia. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1997. Chong, Shiao Choong. The Temple of Communion: George Herbert and Dialogism. MA thesis, University of Alberta (Canada), 1997.

594

The Reception of Northrop Frye

Chorney, Noelle. The Political Power of Place, a Case Study of Political Identity in Prairie Literature. MA thesis, University of Calgary (Canada), 1997. Clift, Sarah. Heritage and its Gift of Transmission. MA thesis, Trent University (Canada), 1997. Colton, Glenn David. The Piano Music of Jean Coulthard. PhD dissertation, University of Victoria (Canada), 1997. Conley, Timothy John. The Hoax That Joke Bilked: Sense, Nonsense, and Finnegans Wake. MA thesis, McGill University (Canada), 1997. Conybeare, Catherine. The Expression of Christianity: Themes from the Letters of Paulinus of Nola. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1997. Covey, James R. Wallace Stevens and Jean-François Lyotard’s Postmodern Sublime. MA thesis, Dalhousie University (Canada), 1997. Classen, Sigrid Ulrike. The Black Madonna Figure as a Source of Female Empowerment in the Works of Four Italian-Canadian Authors. MA thesis, Université de Sherbrooke (Canada), 1997. Cleghorn, Angus John. “The Rhetorician’s Touch”: An Uncollected Wallace Stevens. PhD dissertation, Simon Fraser University, 1997. Crowe, Tracy. Authorized Carnival in Don Quijote. MA thesis, University of Western Ontario (Canada), 1997. Curtis, T.L. The Life and Times of a Literary Chameleon: Madge Hamilton Lyons Macbeth. MA thesis, University of Guelph (Canada), 1997. Daynard, Kimberly L. Nationalism, Ethnicity, and Identity in Postmodern Canada: A Cinema Responds to Shifting Perspectives. M.F.A. thesis York University (Canada), 1997. DeCoursey, Christina. The Society of Antiquaries, 1830– 1870: Institution, Intellectual Questions, Community, and the Search for the Past. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1997. Dey, Mamata. John Dryden: An Evaluative Study of his Dramatic Theory and Practice. PhD dissertation, Utkal University (India), 1997. Douglas, Christopher Robins. Reciting America, Repetition and the Cultural Self-sufficiency of the United States in the Fiction of Russell Banks, Ralph Ellison, Maxine Hong Kingston, and T. Coraghessan Boyle. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1997. Dubé, Chantale. Essai sur la littérarité à partir de la nouvelle L’infidélité de Normand de Bellefeuille [Essay on Literacy from the News: The Infidelity of Normand de Bellefeuille]. MA thesis, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (Canada), 1997. In French. Dyens, Ollivier. La modélisation humaine à l’époque de la technoculture [Human Modelling in the Time of Technoculture]. PhD dissertation, Université de Montréal (Canada), 1997. In French.

Fagan, Dianne. The Dark House and the Detested Wife: Sex, Marriage and the Dissolution of Comedy in Shakespeare’s Problem Plays. MA thesis, McGill University (Canada), 1997. Faith, Wendy. Metaphor in the Work of Janet Frame, an Alter/Native Postcolonial Perspective. MA thesis, University of Regina (Canada), 1997. Fisher, Susan Rosa. The Genre for Our Times: The Menip­ pean Satires of Russell Hoban and Murakami Haruki. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1997. Fraser, Jennifer Margaret. Writes of Passage, Dante, Joyce and the Dynamics of Literary Initiation. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1997. Freeman, Sarah Jane. “Speake that I may see thee”: Figures of Rhetoric in Shakespeare’s Comedies. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1997. Frein, Mark. Pedagogy of the Imagination. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1997. French, Landon. The Identification of Associative Cultural Landscapes: Eastern Georgian Bay Case Study. MA thesis, Carleton University (Canada), 1997. Gallagher, Dawna Doris. Bringing Art to the People: A Biography of Norah McCullough. MA thesis, Carleton University (Canada), 1997. Gardiner, Heather. The Portrayal of Old Age in English-Canadian Fiction. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1997. George, Philip Michael. The Sacramental Art of John Donne’s Sermons on the Penitential Psalms. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1997. Greenspan, Brian. Postmodern Menippeas: The Literature of Ideas in the Age of Information. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1997. Gyalokay, Monique Anne. Rousseau et la Bible: Mythocritique fondée sur les principes de Northrop Frye [Rousseau and the Bible: Mytho Criticism Based on the Principles of Northrop Frye]. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1997. In French. Gregory-Moores, Colin. Guardians of a Monument: Gundolf, Petersen, Spranger, and a Modern Theoretical Frame. PhD dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (USA), 1997. Greulich, Izabela. Le problème irrésolu de la polonité. sa représentation dans les romans du cycle polonais d’Alice Parizeau [The Unresolved Problem of Polonity: Its Representation in the Novels of the Polish Cycle of Alice Parizeau]. PhD dissertation, Université Laval (Canada), 1997. In French. Gritti, Valentina. L’inamoramento de Orlando, dallo spettacolo al romanzo [L’inamoramento de Orlando: From the Show to the Novel]. PhD dissertation, McGill University (Canada), 1997. In Italian.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Gupta, Rama Kumari. The Novels of Margaret Atwood: A Study in Character and Conflict. PhD dissertation, Himachal Pradesh University (India), 1997. Hanson, Richard Russell. Principal Witness, Herbert Whittaker and Canadian Drama, 1949–1975. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1997. Happy, Michael. The Critical Reception of “The Great Code.” MA thesis, McMaster University (Canada), 1997. Haughey, Aislinn. The Frescoes of the Camera di Griselda. MA thesis, University of Alberta (Canada), 1997. Hay, Ken. Metaphoric Strategies and the Paradox of the Fortunate Fall in Paradise Lost. MA thesis, Université Laval (Canada), 1997. Henry, Lorena Ann. Help Never Comes Too Late: Providence and the Problem of Evil in The Faerie Queene. PhD dissertation, University of New Brunswick (Canada), 1997. Hibbard, Kimberly Dungan. Building New Myths: An Examination of Three Works by Michael Ondaatje. MA thesis, Lamar University, Beaumont (USA), 1997. Hoag, Jeffrey Paul. A Comparison of Listeners’ Preferences for Inductive and Deductive Sermons Delivered in the United Baptist Church of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. D.Min. thesis, Canadian Theological Seminary (Canada), 1997. Holbrook, Susan L. A Poetics of Translation in Twentieth-Century Writing. PhD dissertation, University of Calgary (Canada), 1997. Howey, Ann F. Once and Future Women, Popular Fiction, Feminism and Four Arthurian Rewritings. PhD dissertation, University of Alberta (Canada), 1997. Jeffrey, Liss. The Heat and the Light of Marshall McLuhan: A 1990s Reappraisal. PhD dissertation, McGill University (Canada), 1997. Jennings, Rosalind Maria. Disappearance in Deceptive Landscapes: Borderlines of Identity in the Canadian Wilderness with Particular Reference to Selected Works by Margaret Atwood, Robert Kroetsch, Michael Ondaatje and Aritha Van Herk. D.Phil. dissertation, York University (Canada), 1997. Kannan, G. Dialectic of Affirmation in the Novels of Thomas Pynchon. PhD dissertation, Bharathidasan University (India), 1997. Kates, Ronald E. “Invent the Means”: Re-presenting “The Shoemaker’s Holiday” through Rowland Lacy’s Manipulations. PhD dissertation, Georgia State University (USA), 1997. Kenyeres, János. From Blake to the Bible. Northrop Frye in Modern Criticism. PhD dissertation, Eötvös Loránd University (Hungary), 1997. Khouri, Malek. Ideology and Critical Politics in the Discourse on Canadian Cinema. MA thesis, Carleton University (Canada), 1997.

595

Koyippally, Joseph. Existential Transformation as Signifier in The Tempest: A Study of Signification in Conceptual Structures. PhD dissertation, Jawaharlal Nehru University (India), 1997. Krygsman, Hubert Richard. Freedom and Grace: Mainline Protestant Thought in Canada, 1900–1960. PhD dissertation, Carleton University (Canada), 1997. Kubacki, Iwona Maria. Angela Carter’s Feminist Grotesque. PhD dissertation, University of New Brunswick (Canada), 1997. Kuriakose, John. Fictional and Narrative Modes in the Historical Romance: A Reference to “Ivanhoe” and “Marthanda Varrna.” PhD dissertation, Mahatma Gandhi University (India), 1997. Kumar, S. Suresh. A Comparative Study of Alice Munro and Ambai. PhD dissertation, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University (India), 1997. Labossiere, Donald F. Between Worlds: A Search for Secrets within the Cathedral of Erotic Misery. Master of Architecture thesis, McGill University (Canada), 1997. LaClare, Denis. What Factors Have Affected the Development of the Religious Ethos at the University of Manitoba and How Does This Determine Voluntary Religious Involvement among Students, Staff, and Alumni? MA thesis, Providence Theological Seminary (Canada), 1997. Ladouceur, Louise. Separate stages: La traduction du théâtre dans le contexte Canada/Québec [Separate Stages: The Translation of Theatre in a Canadian/Quebec Context]. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1997. In French. Lamb, Susan Kathleen. Transformations: The Culture of Tourism and Novelistic Literature in the Eighteenth Century. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1997. Langford, Martha. Suspended Conversations: Private Photographic Albums in the Public Collection of the McCord Museum of Canadian History. PhD dissertation, McGill University (Canada), 1997. Larivière, Louise. Conception et réalisation d’un nouveau répertoire terminologique et documentaire unifié, le terminaire ou thésaurus TERMDOC des documents professionnels de correspondence [Design and Production of a New Unified Terminology and Documentary Directory, TERMDOC Terminus or Thesaurus of Professional Correspondence Documents]. PhD dissertation, Université de Montréal (Canada), 1997. In French. Latendresse, Saskia. Yeats and Water Imagery. MA thesis, Concordia University (Canada), 1997. Lee, Dongchoon. Chaucer as a Storyteller. PhD dissertation, University of Rochester (USA), 1997. Leung, Joyce M. Esthétique de la canneraie dans le roman des Antilles et des Mascareignes [Aesthetics of the Cannery in the Novel of the Antilles and Mascareignes].

596

The Reception of Northrop Frye

PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1997. In French. Levesque, Pierre. Le théâtre de l’architecte et la mesure festive des lieux [The Architect’s Theatre and the Festive Measure of the Place]. MA thesis, McGill University (Canada), 1997. In French. Liu, Yi. Representations of Identity in the Middle English Romances. MA thesis, University of Alberta (Canada), 1997. Lowleen, Malhotra. David Williams and Alexander Buzo: A Comparative Study of Their Dramas. PhD dissertation, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (India), 1997. McCaig, JoAnn. Beggar Maid, Alice Munro’s Archives and the Cultural Space of Authorship. PhD dissertation, University of Calgary (Canada), 1997. McConomy, Erin Elizabeth. Renaissance Humanism in Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel and Milton’s Paradise Lost. MA thesis, McGill University (Canada), 1997. McDayter, Mark Alan. This Evasive Way of Abuse: Satiric Voices in English Verse Satire, 1640–1700. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1997. MacDonald, David Bruce. Comparing Serbian and Croatian Views of History: An Analysis of Biblical and Cyclical Teleology in Serbian and Croatian National Discourse. MA thesis, Université de Ottawa (Canada), 1997. McGimpsey, David. Called Shots: Baseball as Modern American Fiction. PhD dissertation, Dalhousie University (Canada), 1997. McIntosh, Sandy F. New Wine in Old Wineskins: The Application of Current Literary Theory to Biblical Texts. M.A, thesis, University of Alberta (Canada), 1997. McLauchlan, Laura Jane. Transformation Poetics: Refiguring the Female Subject in the Early Poetry and Life Writing of Dorothy Livesay and Miriam Waddington. PhD dissertation, York University (Canada), 1997. Mann, Geoff. Conceptions of Wilderness in North American Protected Area Planning and Management. M.S. thesis, University of Guelph (Canada), 1997. Mendonca, Brian Mark. Irrationality in the Novels of Ann Radcliff and Charlotte Bronte. PhD dissertation, The English and Foreign Languages University, Hyderabad (India), 1997. Miller, Danielle. L’identité et la dialectique du local/global dans le roman canadien contemporain [The Identity and Dialectic of Local/Global in Contemporary Canadian Romance]. MA thesis, Université de Montréal (Canada), 1997. In French. Morgan, Patricia Joan. Transgressive Play: Narrative Strategies in the Novels and Short Stories of Carol Shields. PhD dissertation, York University (Canada), 1997. Mukherjee, Manisha. The Representation of Transgressive Love and Marriage in English Renaissance Drama. PhD dissertation, McGill University (Canada), 1997.

Nadeau, François M. Casques bleus et unifolié, le maintien de la paix et l’identité canadienne, 1956–1973 [Blue Helmets and Maple Leaf: Peacekeeping and Canadian Identity, 1956–1973]. MA thesis, Université Laval (Canada), 1997. In French. Naud, Jeannine. La méthode psychohistorique appliquée à létude des documents autobiographiques: Le cas de Marguerite Yourcenar [The Psychohistorical Method Applied to the Study of Autobiographical Documents: The Case of Marguerite Yourcenar]. PhD dissertation, Université de Montréal (Canada), 1997. In French. Nikolova, Irena Nikolova. Envisioning the Transcendent: The Complementarity of Darstellung and Vorstellung in English and German Romanticism. PhD dissertation, University of Western Ontario (Canada), 1997. Ochoa Reyes, José Luis. Autopsia de una muerte anunciada [Autopsy of an Announced Death]. MA thesis, McGill University (Canada), 1997. In Spanish. O’Driscoll, Michael J. The Truth in Pointing: Whitman, Pound, Cage, and Text as Index. PhD dissertation, University of Western Ontario (Canada), 1997. Onufrijchuk, Roman. Object as Vortex: Marshall McLuhan and Material Culture as Media of Communication. PhD dissertation, Simon Fraser University (Canada), 1997. Palumbo, Alice Marie. The Recasting of the Female Gothic in the Novels of Margaret Atwood. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1997. Panabaker, James. With Malice toward None: Narrative Strategies and Themes of Reconciliation in the Writings of Shelby Foote. PhD dissertation, Queen’s University (Canada), 1997. Papadopoulos, Christina. The Socially Disadvantaged and Crime: A Comparison of Canada and United States. MA thesis, University of Alberta (Canada), 1997. Papp, Victoria Nicole. Ritual in T.S. Eliot’s Longer Poems. MA thesis, Université Laval (Canada). 1977. Parkes, Christopher Andrew. “With the Assistance of Maps”: The Eighteenth-Century English Novel and the Rise of the Nation-State. PhD dissertation, Queen’s University (Canada), 1997. Parpart, Lee. Nostalgic Nationalisms and the Spectacle of the Male Body in Canadian and Québécois Cinema. MA thesis, York University (Canada), 1997. Paterson, Patricia A. Through the Looking Glass: In Search of Transformative Teachers. MA thesis, University of Western Ontario (Canada), 1997. Patton, Andy. Some Current Problems with Painting. M.F.A. thesis, University of Western Ontario (Canada), 1997. Pearce, Jason. Writing Home, Regionalism, Distance, and Metafiction in Four Novels by Wayne Johnston. MA thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland (Canada), 1997.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Peden McParland, Andrea. Trapped in Her Lover’s Arms: The Problem of Courtship and Romance in Selected Novels by L.M. Montgomery. MA thesis, Lakehead University (Canada), 1997. Pezzarello, Christopher Joseph. “You have sweetened your word”: Sincerity and Prayer in Leonard Cohen’s Book of Mercy. MA thesis, McGill University (Canada), 1997. Phillipson, Allan. C.K. Stead and Three Modes of New Zealand Poetry. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1997. Phipps, Pauline Ann. Social Construction and Essentialism in Victorian Emotional Culture: A Case Study of Eliza Lynn Linton and Beatrice Webb. MA thesis, University of Windsor (Canada), 1997. Posthumus, Stéphanie. La Bible de Michel Tournier: La citation biblique dans Vendredi ou Les limbes du Pacifique et Éléazar ou La source et le Buisson [The Michel Tournier Bible: The Bible Quotation in Friday or The Limbo of the Pacific and Eleazar or The Source and the Bush. MA thesis, Queen’s University (Canada), 1997. Rae, Ian. Garrison Temporality and Geologic Temporality in Canadian Poetry. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1997. Reinshagen-Joho, Liane. Humour: The Other Intelligence: Curt Goetz and Jorge Ibarguengoitia. PhD dissertation, University of Washington (USA), 1997. Rice, Daniel G. Tewahia:ton tipaacimowin. Two Stories Seen Intertribally: The First Novels of Ruby Slipperjack and Thomas King. MA thesis, Lakehead University (Canada), 1997. Richards, Keith Owen. The Red Bull as Community Theatre in Clerkenwell. MA thesis, McGill University (Canada), 1997. Ridley, David Charles. The Territory Underfoot: A Theological Reflection on Place. M.T.S. dissertation, St. Stephen’s College (Canada), 1997. Rockburn, Barbara. Bonne Entente, Elliptical Elisions and Canadian Narrative Structure. MA thesis, Carleton University (Canada), 1997. Romanets, Maryna. Between Trompe-l’oeil Mirrors: Contemporary Irish and Ukrainian Women’s Poetry in Post-Colonial Perspective. PhD dissertation, University of Saskatchewan (Canada), 1997. Roza, Alexandra M. Towards a Modern Canadian Art, 1910–1936, the Group of Seven, A.J.M. Smith and F.R. Scott. MA thesis, McGill University (Canada), 1997. Samiky, Abdellatif. Re-Thinking Archetypal Criticism: A Study of Northrop Frye’s Works. PhD dissertation, University of Rabat (Morocco), 1997. Sarma, Gautam. The Sense of an Ending in Shakespeare’s Tragedies. PhD dissertation, Gauhati University (India), 1997.

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Satsuka, Shiho. Re-Creation through Landscape: Subject Production in Canadian Cottage Country. MA thesis, York University (Canada), 1997. Sawchyn, Linda. The New Canadian and Canada’s 1927 Diamond Jubilee: Representation of National Unity and Identity. Master of Architecture thesis, University of Alberta (Canada), 1997. Seaboyer, Judith Ailsa. Second Death in Venice: Cognitive Mapping in the Venetian Fictions of Jeanette Winterson, Ian McEwan, and Robert Coover. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1997. Sesk, David Andrew. Poetics and the Realistic Novel: Contextual Equivalence Systems in Michael Ondaatje’s In the Skin of a Lion. MA thesis, Acadia University (Canada), 1997. Shang-yu Keng. Re-creating the Myths: Imagination and Native Identity in N. Scott Momaday’s The Ancient Child. MA thesis, National Taiwan Normal University (Taiwan), 1997. Shankar, Vijayalakshmi. Satire als diskürsive einer diskürshtheöretischen satireanalyse. PhD dissertation, Jawaharlal Nehru University (India), 1977. In German. Sharp, Jeremy. “What’d I Say?” Beautiful Losers’ Allegory of Translation. MA thesis, McMaster University (Canada), 1997. Siguret, Pierre. Savoir et connaissances dans l’oeuvre de Georges Perec [Knowledge and Comprehension in the Work of Georges Perec]. PhD dissertation, Université d’Ottawa (Canada), 1997. In French. Sinding, Michael. Vivisection: Anatomical Structure and the Satire of Vanity. MA thesis, McMaster University (Canada), 1997. Smyth, T.W. Rudy Wiebe as Novelist, Witness and Critic, without Apology. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1997. Stanwick, Michael. Dance Attitude: Progressive Processing towards an Authenticated Selfhood. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1997. Steiner, Shepherd Francis. Great Moments in American Painting: Dogged Looks from the Other Side of the Fence. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1997. Stroffolino, Louis Christopher, Jr. Complications of Closure in Shakespeare’s Middle Comedies. PhD dissertation, SUNY, Albany (USA), 1997. Tharakan, Mathew K.G. The Return Syndrome in the Novels of Walker Percy. PhD dissertation, Bharathidasan University (India), 1997. Thibaudier-Ness, Christine A. The Theme of Water in the Novels of Tobias Smollett. PhD dissertation, Université de Montréal (Canada), 1997. Tombs, George. Paradise, the Apocalypse and Science: The Myth of an Imminent Technological Eden. MA thesis, McGill University (Canada), 1997.

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The Reception of Northrop Frye

Torchia, Darryl Anthony. Anthony Burgess and God: Faith and Evil, Language and the Ludic in the Novels of a Manichaean Wordboy. MA thesis, University of Manitoba (Canada), 1997. Van Der Meer, Carolyne A. The Brontë Inheritance: Some Brontë Progeny. MA thesis, Concordia University (Canada), 1997. Vasanthavathy, D. A Psychological Study of the Plays of Terence Rattigan. PhD dissertation, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University (India), 1997. Venema, Henry I. Paul Ricoeur’s Interpretation of Selfhood and Its Significance for Philosophy of Religion. PhD dissertation, McGill University (Canada), 1997. Verma, Kamlesh. A Study of Divine Idiots in Contemporary Fiction. PhD dissertation, Himachal Pradesh University (India), 1997. Voight, Carolyn. You Are What You Eat: Contemplations on Civilizing the Palate with Gourmet. MA thesis, McGill University (Canada), 1997. Vokey, Daniel James. Reasons of the Heart: Moral Objectivity and Moral Education. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1997. Walker, Victoria Jane. The Literary Paradigm and the Discourses of Culture: Contexts of Canadian Writing, 1759–1867. PhD dissertation, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1997. Watt, K. Jane. Passing out of Memory, Georgina Sime and the Politics of Literary Recuperation. PhD dissertation, University of Alberta (Canada), 1997. Weaver, Rosalie Mary. Innovation within the Modern Short Story through the Interaction of Gender, Nationality, and Genre: Margaret Atwood’s Wilderness Tips and Alice Munro’s Open Secrets. PhD dissertation, University of Manitoba (Canada), 1997. Wondrich, F. David B. On the Borders of Poetry: Genre and the European Didactic Poem from Antiquity to the Renaissance. PhD dissertation, New York University (USA), 1997. Woodland, Malcolm. Wallace Stevens: Versions of Apocalypse. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1997. Yan, Qigang. A Comparative Study of Contemporary Canadian and Chinese Women Writers. PhD dissertation, University of Alberta (Canada), 1997. Yang, Su-Hui. The Hero as Outsider in Three Plays by John M. Synge. MA thesis, National Chung Cheng University (Taiwan), 1997. Zheng, Xueqin. The Essentials of Narrative: A Synthesis of the West and the East. PhD dissertation, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign (USA), 1997. Zhou, Yan. Empowering University Teachers in China: Possibilities and Constraints in the Economic Transition Period. PhD dissertation, Dalhousie University (Canada), 1997.

Zayyan, Laila Muhammad. The Concept of Symbol: A Comparative Study of the Theories of Carl Gustav Jung, Northrop Frye, and W.B. Yeats. MA thesis, King Abdulaziz University (Saudi Arabia), 1997. Zeng, Li. The Art of Allusion in Li Shangyin. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1997. 1998 Achorn, John H. A Study of Apollonius of Tyre: Three English Adaptations of an Ancient Greek Romance. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1998. Almén, Byron Paul. Narrative Archetypes in Music: A Semiotic Approach. PhD dissertation, Indiana University (USA), 1998. Anderson, Ellen. Enlightened Postmodernism: Scottish Influences on Canada’s Legal Pluralism. LL.M. dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1998. Anderson, Matthew. Before the Fact, How Paul’s Rhetoric Made History. PhD dissertation, McGill University (Canada), 1998. Andrews, Jennifer Courtney. Fields of Wry: Serious Laughter, Humour, and Nation in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century English-Canadian and American Fiction. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1998. Antony, P. The Narrative Structure of “Vadakkanpattukal”: A Narratological Study. PhD dissertation, Mahatma Gandhi University (India), 1998. In Malayalam. Armstrong, Christopher. Placing Atlantic Canada: Community, Cultural History, Politics. PhD dissertation, Université de Montréal (Canada), 1998. Athanasiadis, Harris. George Grant and the Theology of the Cross: The Christian Foundations of His Thought. PhD dissertation, McGill University (Canada), 1998. Avrutin, Lilia. The Semiotic Anthropology of Soviet Film Culture, 1960s–1990s. PhD dissertation, University of Alberta (Canada), 1998. Bacon, Jean. Inculturation, concept sociothéologique, essai de clarification et prospective [Inculturation, Sociotheological Concept, Clarification and Prospective]. PhD dissertation, Université de Montréal (Canada), 1998. In French. Banting, Blayne Alexander. Proclaiming the Messiah’s Mirth: A Rhetorico-Contextual Model for the Interpretation and Proclamation of Humour in Selected Gospel Sayings. D.Min. dissertation, Acadia University (Canada), 1998. Barton, Reid. The Political Economy of Densification: Looking for Signs of the Postmodern City: A Case Study of Urban Transformation in Greater Vancouver. PhD dissertation, University of Manitoba (Canada), 1998. Bavington, Grace. Buchi Emecheta and Ruby Slipperjack: Writing in the Margins to Create Home. MA thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland (Canada), 1998.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Bell, Marcia Anne. Courting the Elements: Jane Urquhart’s Novels and the Material Imagination. PhD dissertation, York University (Canada), 1998. Birch, Elizabeth Jane. Picking Up New Threads for Kathleen Mavourneen: The Irish Female Presence in Nineteenth-century Ontario. MA thesis, Trent University (Canada), 1998. Bök, Christian. Pataphysics, the Poetics of an Imaginary Science. PhD dissertation, York University (Canada), 1998. Bolding, Sharon Lynn. When Worlds Collide: Structure and Fantastic in Selected 12th- and 13th-Century French Narratives. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1998. Bonhomme, Steve M. Written-off: The “Indian” in Ethnographic Text. PhD dissertation, York University (Canada), 1998. Bryce, Leila Heather. W.B. Yeats and the Visual Arts. MA thesis, University of Calgary (Canada), 1998. Buchanan, David. Augustan Women’s Verse Satire. PhD dissertation, University of Alberta (Canada), 1998. Budd, Adam Russell. “Too fond to be here related”: Ironic Didacticism and the Moral Analogy in Henry Fielding’s Amelia (1751). MA thesis, McGill University (Canada), 1998. Bureau, Catherine. L’inquiétude écologique et le souci esthétique [Ecological and Aesthetic Concern]. MA thesis, Université Laval (Canada), 1998. In French. Cariou, Warren. Mixed Media: Intention and Contrariety in Blake’s Art. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1998. Carter, Adam Thomas. Irony and Ideology in Schlegel, de Man, and Rorty. PhD dissertation, McMaster University (Canada), 1998. Castino, Melissa. Margaret Atwood and Northrop Frye: Voices of the Frontier. MA thesis, Bemidji State University (USA), 1998. Centritto, Grace Elizabeth. From the Inside Out: Questing toward the Self in Teaching. M.Ed. thesis, University of Western Ontario (Canada), 1998. Chan, Maggy Mei Lan. The Lore of Childhood: Subversion of Gender Socialization in Certain Examples of English and Hong Kong Children’s Fiction since the 1860s. M.Phil. thesis, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 1998. Chirico, Miriam Madeleine. Speaking with the Dead: O’Neill, Eliot, Sartre and Mythic Revisionary Drama. PhD dissertation, Emory University (USA), 1998. Cintrão, Heloísa Pezza. O romanesco no Quixote de 1605: O conto do capitão cativo [The Romanesco of the Quixote of 1605. The Tale of the Captive Captain]. MA thesis, Universidade de São Paulo (Brazil). In Portuguese. Cogan, Mercedes F. Construcciónes imaginarias de la identidad, la “novela épica” del dictador en el debate

599

identitario latinoamericano [Imaginary Constructions of Identity; the “Epic Novella” of the Dictator in the Latinoamerican Identity Debate]. PhD dissertation, Simon Fraser University (Canada), 1998. In Spanish. Collington, Philip David. “O word of fear”: Imaginary Cuckoldry in Shakespeare’s Plays. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1998. Colman, Hogan. The Actual Murder with Words: A Discussion of Violence in the Enlightenment, Romanticism . . . and After. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1998. Cooke-Plagwitz, Jessamine Penrose. Der rohe Scherz: Representation and Perception of Women in German Comedies of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. PhD dissertation, Queen’s University (Canada), 1998. Cook-Sourice, Catherine. The Glass Machinery in Christopher Dewdney’s Predators of the Adoration. MA thesis, Concordia University (Canada), 1998. Cordero, María de Jesús. Transformations of the Images of Araucania from Valdivia’s Letters to Vivar’s Chronicle. PhD dissertation, Princeton University (USA), 1998. Côté, Nicole. La stylistique comparée et l’interprétation comme outils de délimitation du style individuel dans la traduction littéraire, étude des problèmes stylistiques soulevés par la traduction de Storm Glass, de Jane Urquhart [Comparative Stylistics and Interpretation as Tools for Delimitation of the Individual Style in Literary Translation; Study of Stylistic Issues Raised by Jane Urquhart’s Translation of Storm Glass]. PhD dissertation, Université Laval (Canada), 1998. In French. Courtland, Joseph. A Cultural Studies Approach to Two Exotic Citizen Romances by Thomas Heywood. PhD dissertation, Université de Montréal (Canada), 1998. Cunningham, Edward James. Northrop Frye and the Educational Responsibilities of Contemporary Criticism. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1998. Damm, Alexander Lorne. “Speech Unhindered”: A Study of Irony in the Acts of the Apostles. MA thesis, Wilfrid Laurier University (Canada), 1998. Dancsok, Michael. Transcending the Documentary: The Films of Arthur Lipsett. MA thesis, Concordia University (Canada), 1998. Davis, Jolene Marion. Margaret Laurence’s Manawaka Heroes: Hagar, Rachel, Stacey, and Morag as Archetypal and Feminist Heroes. MA thesis, Lakehead University (Canada), 1998. De Fabrizio, Lucy Mary Anne. A Thin Testimony: Anorexia, Language, and Control. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1998. Deitch, Judith A. The Genre of Logic and Artifice: Dialectic, Rhetoric, and English Dialogues, 1400–1600, Hoccleve to Spenser. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1998.

600

The Reception of Northrop Frye

Dorairaj, Joseph. Myth and Hermeneutics. PhD dissertation, Gandhigram Rural Institute—Deemed University (India), 1998. Dunlop, Heather. The Role and Image of Wilderness and the Aborigine in Selected Ontarian Shield Camps. MA thesis, Trent University (Canada), 1998. Dyer, Klay. Parody and the Horizons of Fiction in Nineteenth-Century English Canada. MA thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1998. Economou, Mary. Was This the Face? Helen in Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Athens (Greece), 1998. In Greek. Evans, Sarah Patricia. Figures for a Melancholy Mind: Absorption and Allegory in Edouard Manet’s Images of Berthe Morisot and Victorine Meurent. MA thesis, Trent University (Canada), 1998. Finlayson, Carolyn. The Habit of Close Observation: An Ecocritical Investigation of Catharine Parr Traill’s Nature Writing in Studies of Plant Life in Canada. MA thesis, University of Western Ontario (Canada), 1998. French, Druscilla. The Power of Choice: A Critique of Joseph Campbell’s “Monomyth,” Northrop Frye’s Theory of Myth, Mark Twain’s Orthodoxy to Heresy and C.G. Jung’s God-Image. PhD dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute (USA), 1998. Fu, Lijun. Derivation in Chinese Literature: The Archetypal Story of the Unfaithful Scholar-Husband. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1998. Gauthier, Stéphane. Lectures de soi, la construction et la représentation de l’identité dans quatre récits franco-ontariens contemporains, 1981–1991. [Self-Reading, Construction and Representation of Identity in Four Contemporary Franco-Ontarian Narratives, 1981–1991]. MA thesis, Université de Sherbrooke (Canada), 1998. In French. Girijakumari, A. Imagery in the Poetry of Sugathakumari. PhD dissertation, Mahatma Gandhi University (India), 1998. In Malayalam. Gorecki, Lisa. The Stirrings Still of Popular Forms of Entertainment in Samuel Beckett’s First Published Play: Examining the Influences of the Music-Hall, Vaudeville, Circus and Early Screen Comedy on Waiting for Godot. MA thesis, Concordia University (Canada), 1998. Graham, Barbara. Changing Cultures, Changing Teachers: A Case Study of Mandated Structural and Cultural Change. PhD dissertation, Simon Fraser University (Canada), 1998. Gui, Lihua. Robertson Davies’s Innovative Use of the Trilogy Form in His Fiction. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1998. Harman, Deborah C. Constructing Canons, Creating Canadians: An Examination of Canadian Fiction on High School Curricula. MA thesis, Dalhousie University (Canada), 1998.

Hawker, Ronald William. Accumulated Labours, First Nations Art in British Columbia, 1922–1961. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1998. Hempen, Daniela. The Negotiation of Gender and Power in Medieval German Writings. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1998. Hintz, Carrie Anne. Desire and Renunciation: The Letters of Dorothy Osborne. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1998. Hurtubise, Paul G. A Stylistic Analysis of Selected Passages in The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings. MA thesis, York University (Canada), 1998. Hutchings, Kevin D. Imagining Nature, Blake’s Vision of Materiality. PhD dissertation, McMaster University (Canada), 1998. Ivic, Christopher. Mapping the Celtic Fringe in Early Modern Britain. PhD dissertation, University of Western Ontario (Canada), 1998. Juschka, Darlene M. Feminist Encounters with Symbol, Myth, and Ritual: Mary Daly, Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza, and Rosemary Radford Ruether. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1998. Kaminski, Margot. Challenging a Literary Myth: Long Poems by Early Canadian Women. MA thesis, Simon Fraser University (Canada), 1998. Karmis, Dimitrios. La tradition fédérale moderne et le dilemme unité-diversité, contribution à une theorie de la citoyenneté fédérale et interculturelle [The Modern Federal Tradition and the Unity-Diversity Dilemma: A Contribution to a Theory of Federal and Intercultural Citizenship]. PhD dissertation, McGill University (Canada), 1998. In French. Khalip, Jacques. Loss Unlimited: Sadness and Originality in Wordsworth, Pater, and Ashbery. MA thesis, McGill University (Canada), 1998. King, Heather Alicia. Myth in Commercial Advertising. MA thesis, California State University, Fullerton (USA), 1998. Klassen, Jacqueline. Finding God’s Signature: Evangelical Interpretations of the Bible and the Apocalyptic Spirituality of Grant Jeffrey. MA thesis, University of Manitoba (Canada), 1998. Kotlowitz, Danny M. Defending Lilliput: Domestic Cultural Industry Development Schemes and the World Trade Regime. Master of Laws thesis, University of Toronto (Canada), 1998. Krywy, Michael Dennis. Re-Imagining Canada: Consensus, Resistance, and the Construction of a Multicultural National Discourse: A Case Study of North of 60. MA thesis, Queen’s University (Canada), 1998. Kurian, Laila. Social Consciousness and Political Ideology in the Short Stories of Nadine Gordimer. PhD dissertation, Mahatma Gandhi University (India), 1998.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Legault, Marie-Claude. James Merrill’s Use of Performance Imagery and AIDS in His Last Three Collections. MA thesis, Concordia University (Canada), 1998. Leoni, Monica. The Gracioso in Golden Age Theatre and the Commedia dell’Arte Tradition. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1998. Leperlier, Henry. Canadian Science Fiction: A Reluctant Genre. PhD dissertation, Université de Sherbrooke (Canada), 1998. Levi, Charles Morden. Where the Famous People Were: The Origins, Activities and Future Careers of Student Leaders at University College, Toronto, 1854–1973. PhD dissertation, York University (Canada), 1998. Long, Yongyi. Tan suo ‘Zhen zhong ji’ de zong jiao qi wu si xiang: Tang ren xiao shuo de zong jiao zhu ti yan jiu [Exploring the Ancestral Enlightenment Thought of “Zhen Zhong Ji”: A Study of the Ancestral Theme of Tang Novels]. M.Phil. thesis, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 1998. In Chinese. Longstaffe, Margery A. The Prophet Unmasked: The Poetry of Ted Hughes. MA thesis, University of Guelph (Canada), 1998. Lopez, Michael Richard. Two Modern Utopias: A Comparative Study of Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World and Stanislaw Lem’s Return from the Stars. MA thesis, Antioch University (USA), 1998. McConnell, William Kerr. Ruin, Memory, and the Social Body in Augustan Literature. PhD dissertation, McMaster University (Canada), 1998. Macfarlane, Karen E. The Politics of Self-Narration: Contemporary Canadian Women Writers, Feminist Theory and Metafictional Strategies. PhD dissertation, McGill University (Canada), 1998. Malhotra, Surinder Paul. Texture, Technique, and Thematic Patterns in the Selected Poetry and Plays of T.S. Eliot. PhD dissertation, Maharshi Dayanand University (India), 1998. Manella, Michela. Northrop Frye: Il tragico e la tragedia [Northrop Frye: The Tragic and Tragedy]. Academic thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo (Italy), 1998. In Italian. Martikainen, Anna. The Quest for Identity: Defining the Self in Two Novels by Annie Proulx. MA thesis, Lakehead University (Canada), 1998. Martínez, José Nemesio. The Myth of Don Quixote, Galdós’ Depiction of the Isabeline Era, 1833–1868. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1998. Massolin, Philip Alphonse. “What’s Past Is Prologue”: Canadian Intellectuals, the Tory Tradition and the Challenge of Modernity, 1939–1970. PhD dissertation, University of Alberta (Canada), 1998. Merritt, Juliette. Beyond Spectacle: Eliza Haywood’s Female Spectators. MA thesis, McMaster University (Canada), 1998.

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Mitchell, John Allan. Source versus Discourse: Harold Bloom and Robert Alter Re-imagine the Book of Genesis. MA thesis, Dalhousie University (Canada), 1998. Moore, Deborah Louise. Parody and Satire in the Medieval Cultural Productions of the South West Midlands and Anglo-Ireland. MA thesis, University of Victoria (Canada), 1998. Moore, Stephen Gerard. A Shifting Paradigm: The Act of Reading Actors in Medieval Allegorical Narrative. PhD dissertation, Queen’s University (Canada), 1998. Morgan, Dawn. The Nose of Death: Baroque Novelistic Discourse in the History of Laughter. PhD dissertation, McGill University (Canada), 1998. Mukhopadhyaya, Ramesh Chandra. The Jataka from an Aesthetic Standpoint. PhD dissertation, University of Calcutta (India), 1998. Muller, Adam Patrick. The Importance of Being Elsewhere: Modernist Expatriation and the American Literary Tradition. PhD thesis, McGill University (Canada), 1998. Oddó, Maria. Poétiques de l’ambivalence, figures de l’ambiguïté dans la poésie de F. Pessoa, N. Parra et J.L. Borges [Poetics of Ambivalence: Figures of Ambiguity in the Poetry of F. Pessoa, N. Parra and J.L. Borges]. PhD dissertation, Université de Montréal (Canada), 1998. In French. Olema, Debhonvapi. La satire amusée des inégalités socio-économiques dans la chanson populaire urbaine du Zaïre, une étude de l’oeuvre de Franco, François Luambo, des années 70 et 80 [The Amused Satire of Socio-Economic Inequalities in the Popular Urban Song of Zaire: A Study of the Work of Franco, François Luambo, of the 70s and 80s]. PhD dissertation, Université de Montréal (Canada), 1998. In French. Olson, Roger Keith. Paul Ricoeur’s Dialectical Understanding of Time and Self as a Basis for Interreligious Dialogue. PhD dissertation, University of Manitoba (Canada), 1998. Ostry, Elaine Margaret. Social Dreaming: Dickens and the Fairy Tale. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1998. Ouellette, Julie. Là ou le chien aboie et la rhétorique de l’idiot [Up Where the Dog Is Barking (Creation), and the Rhetoric of the Idiot (Criticism)]. MA thesis, McGill University (Canada), 1998. In French. Pennie, Patricia Ann. Phantom Gigantic Superb: Dr. Richard Maurice Bucke in the Tradition of Canadian Literature. MA thesis, Carleton University (Canada), 1998. Pierlot, John. The Problem of Socrates’ Goodness: An Application of Gregory Vlastos’ Account of Socratic Irony. PhD dissertation, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1998. Potter, John. Ordinary Children, Extraordinary Journeys: The Role of Imagination in the Early Life and Selected Fiction of Alice Munro. M.Ed. thesis, University of Western Ontario (Canada), 1998.

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The Reception of Northrop Frye

Proietti, Salvatore. The Cyborg, Cyberspace, and North American Science Fiction. PhD dissertation, McGill University (Canada), 1998. Rahnama, Hooshang. Persian Lyric Poetry: Systems Approach. A Study in Generic Criticism. PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania (USA), 1998. Rak, Julie. Refusing to Hyphenate: Doukhobor Autobiographical Discourse. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1998. Ramanathan, Indumati. Frazer, Jung, Frye, and the Myth Criticism of Ulysses: A Critique. PhD dissertation, Central Institute of English and Foreign Languages, Hyderabad (India), 1998. Ramsay, Christine Elizabeth. Masculinity and Processes of Intersubjectivity in the Films of David Cronenberg. PhD dissertation, York University (Canada), 1998. Reichenbächer, Helmut. Reading Hidden Layers: A Genetic Analysis of the Drafts of Margaret Atwood’s Novels, The Edible Woman and Bodily Harm. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1998. Robbeson, Angela. “A Sense of Wider Fields and Chances”: Towards a Literary History of English-Canadian Satiric Fictions of the Nineteenth Century. PhD dissertation, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1998. Robinson, Steven. Drama, Dialogue and Dialectic: Dionysos and the Dionysiac in Plato’s Symposium. PhD dissertation, University of Guelph (Canada), 1998. Rose, John Stanley. Reinvented Racism . . . Reinventing Racism? Iinterpreting Immigration and Reception in Richmond, BC. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1998. Rouse, Julie. Who Is the Northern Woman? Feminism and Place in the Northern Woman Journal, 1974–1980. Master of Arts and Science thesis, Trent University (Canada), 1998. Roussell, Bridget Ann. A Rhetorical Analysis of the Popular Society Addresses of Thermidor. PhD dissertation, University of Oklahoma (USA), 1998. Rupert, M. Jane. John Henry Newman on Education. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1998. Russell, Daragh D. Catherine. “The Gospel of Detachment”: Remembrance, Exile, and Engagement in Women’s Lives and Writing in England between the Wars. MA thesis, Dalhousie University (Canada), 1998. Sai Ram, P. Margaret Laurence’s Manawaka Fiction: A Quest for Identity. PhD dissertation, Sri Krishnadevaraya University (India), 1998. Schick, Carol. By Virtue of Being White: Racialized Identity Formation and the Implications for Anti-Racist Pedagogy. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1998. Scott, Jill. Electra after Freud: Death, Hysteria and Mourning. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1998.

Seiler, Tamara Palmer. Stories from the Margin: “Insider” Fictions of Immigrant and Ethnic Experience in Canada. PhD dissertation, University of Alberta (Canada), 1998. Shankman, Ray. Conversations with Remarkable Teachers: An Exploration of Teaching as Healing. MA thesis, University of Sherbrooke (Canada), 1998. Sheety, Roger. The Sanctified Lie: Form and Content in the Art of Oscar Wilde. MA thesis, McGill University (Canada), 1998. Shepherd, Jennifer L. Reading the Web: Web and Textile Imagery in George Eliot’s The Mill on the Floss, Silas Marner and Middlemarch. MA thesis, Dalhousie University (Canada), 1998. Sidhu, Darshan Pal. Politics and the Novel: A Study of Doris Lessing’s Children of Violence Sequence. PhD dissertation, Panjab University (India), 1998. Snipes-Hoyt, Carolyn. Les constructions multiples d’une femme, Jeanne d’Arc fête son cinq centième anniversaire [The Multiple Constructions of a Woman: Joan of Arc Celebrates Her Five Hundredth birthday]. PhD dissertation, University of Alberta (Canada), 1998. In French. Sørbø, Jan Inge. Målt mot det yttarste: Arnold Eidslott— Theodor W. Adorno. Ein konste llasjon [Measured against the Outer Surface: Arnold Eidslott—Theodor W. Adorno. One Art]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Bergen (Norway), 1998. In Norwegian. Sotiropoulos, Calliope. Representations of Teachers of Technical and Vocational Education: Social Inequalities and Pedagogical Principles in the Technical– Professional School: The Concepts of Learning, Discipline and Adaptation. Graduate thesis, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (Greece), 1998. In Greek. Steiger, Krystyna. Impeded Discourse in Fedor Dostoevskii’s Vechnyi muzh [The Eternal Husband]. MA thesis. McGill University (Canada), 1998. Stevenson, Melanie Ann. Re-settling the Bard: Postcolonial Parody in Canadian and Australian Appropriations of Shakespeare. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1998. Stirling, D. Grant. The Narrativity of Narcissism: Cultural Contexts of Contemporary American Metafiction. PhD dissertation, York University (Canada), 1998. Sugars, Cynthia Conchita. The Uncompromised New World: Canadian Literature and the British Imaginary. PhD dissertation, McGill University (Canada), 1998. Sukumar, M. Aseervadam Keerti. The Last Plays of Shakespeare: A Study. PhD dissertation, Sri Venkateswara University (India), 1998. Taylor, Randy Lyle. Radio Networks and the Redefinition of Local Private Radio. MA thesis, Simon Fraser University (Canada), 1998.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Thayne, Lewis Evitts. Satire and the Descent to the Underworld: Lucian, Rabelais, and Pope. PhD dissertation, Princeton University (USA), 1998. Tilson, David A. The Rhetoric of Heritage Conservation: A Study of Parks Canada Policy, 1967–1994. PhD dissertation, Montréal, Université de Montréal (Canada), 1998. Timmons, Dan. Mirror on Middle-Earth: J.R.R. Tolkien and the Critical Perspectives. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1998. Toner, Paul Michael. Reform within: A Study of Satire as Inquiry in the Plays of Sir George Etherege. MA thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland (Canada), 1998. Tupper, Jennifer. Dis/counting of Women: A Critical Feminist Analysis of Two Secondary Social Studies Textbooks. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1998. Van Dyke, Margaret. Theatrical Re/enactments of Mennonite Identity in the Plays of Veralyn Warkentin and Vern Thiessen. PhD dissertation, University of Alberta (Canada), 1998. Vautour, Richard T. Traduction et création chez l’écrivain-traducteur [Translation and Creation with the Writer-Translator]. PhD dissertation, McGill University (Canada), 1998. In French. Veronesi, Matteo. Artifex additus artifici: Creazione poetica e riflessione critica tra simbolismo ed estetismo [Artifex additus artifice: Poetic Creation and Critical Reflection between Symbolism and Aesthetics]. Tesi di Laurea, Università degli Studi di Bologna (Italy), 1998. In Italian. Wall, Karen L. Fort Edmonton Mall: Heritage, Community and Commerce. PhD dissertation, University of Alberta (Canada), 1998. Westcott, Clare Norton. La oveja negra y demás fábulas, influencias e innovaciones [The Black Sheep and Other Fables: Influences and Innovations]. MA thesis, University of Calgary (Canada), 1998. In Spanish. White, Guy Wallace. Joanna Baillie, Early Foundations, Romantic Poetry, and Poetics. MA thesis, University of Windsor (Canada), 1998. Wilson, Allan Roy. One-dimensional Society Revisited: An Analysis of Herbert Marcuse’s One-dimensional Man 34 Years Later. M.Ed. thesis, University of Lethbridge (Canada), 1998. Wilson, Timothy H. The Question of Representation in Elizabethan Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1998. Young, Shim. A Study of Northrop Frye’s Literary Criticism. PhD dissertation, Wonkwang University (South Korea), 1998. Yurkoski, Chris. Self-evident Shams, Metafiction and Comedy in Three of Flann O’Brien’s Novels. MA thesis, Lakehead University (Canada), 1998.

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Zekki, Ahmed. Le récit à la première personne ou le spectre du discours autobiographique dans Un été à Stockholm d’Abdelkébir Khatibi [The First-Person Narrative or the Spectre of Autobiographical Speech in Abdelkébir Khatibi’s Summer in Stockholm]. PhD dissertation, Université Laval (Canada), 1998. In French. 1999 Ahern, Stephen. Between Duty and Desire: Sentimental Agency in British Prose Fiction of the Later Eighteenth Century. PhD dissertation, McGill University (Canada), 1999. Appleford, Robert. The Indian Act: Postmodern Perspectives on Native Canadian Theatre. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1999. Armstrong-Van de Kleut, Christine. La presentación irónica de Rosalia Bringas en “Tormento” y “La de Bringas,” el propósito didáctico de Benito Pérez Galdós [The Ironic Presentation of Rosalia Bringas in “Tormento” and “La de Bringas”: The Didactic Purpose of Benito Pérez Galdós]. MA thesis, Queen’s University (Canada), 1999. In Spanish. Bai, M. Sandhya. Gita Mehta and Her Critique of Modern India. M.Phil. thesis, Sri Krishnadevaraya University (India), 1999. Bailey, Arthur Allan. Misunderstanding Japan: Language, Education, and Cultural Identity. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1999. Balsom, Edwin James. Dialogic Regional Voices: A Study of Selected Contemporary Atlantic-Canadian Fiction. PhD dissertation, Memorial University of Newfoundland (Canada), 1999. Beattie, Eleanor. Public Education in the Mass Media: “National Farm Radio Forum” on CBC Radio. PhD dissertation, Concordia University (Canada), 1999. Beer, Ruth Sulamith. Landscape and Identity: Three Artist/ Teachers in British Columbia. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1999. Bodner, John M. Slash Romance: An Ethnography and Occupational Folklife Study of an Ontario Treeplanting Camp. MA thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland (Canada), 1999. Braaksma, Jennifer. Bridging the Credibility Gap: Why Canadian Journalists Should Be Licensed. MA thesis, Carleton University (Canada), 1999. Braitstein, Lara. A Road to Nowhere: The Significance of the Pilgrimage in Buddhist Literature. MA thesis, McGill University (Canada), 1999. Braz, Albert Raimundo. The False Traitor: Louis Riel in Canadian Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1999. Brodie, Renee Anne. Apocalypse Again: Secular and Religious Uses of the Apocalyptic Framework. MA thesis, University of Alberta (Canada), 1999.

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Brouwer, Wayne. The Literary Development of John 13–17, a Chiastic Reading. PhD dissertation, McMaster University (Canada), 1999. Brown, Melanie. Appropriation and Irony, Postmodernist Elements in the Work of Three Contemporary Canadian Feminist Artists, Skai Fowler, Christine Davis and Joanne Tod. MA thesis, Carleton University (Canada), 1999. Brown, Peter Robert. Narrative, Knowledge and Personhood: Stories of the Self and Samuel Beckett’s First-Person Prose. PhD dissertation, McGill University (Canada), 1999. Buchanan, Douglas B. The Canada Council, the Regional Theatre System and the English-Canadian Playwright, 1957–1975. PhD dissertation, Université de Montréal (Canada), 1999. Butler, Tanya L. “The Significance of Ancestral Islands”: Highland Scottish and Regional Identity in the Works of Margaret Laurence and Alistair Macleod. MA thesis, Acadia University (Canada), 1999. Butlin, Nina Hopkins. Sémiolinguistique de la figure de la description, Gautier, Rachilde, Goncourt, Flaubert, J.S. Alexis, E. Glissant, Cl. Simon, Cl. Ollier [Semiolinguistics of the Figure of the Description, Gautier, Rachilde, Goncourt, Flaubert, J.S. Alexis, E. Glissant, Cl. Simon, Cl. Ollier]. MA thesis, Dalhousie University (Canada), 1999. In French. Callahan, Lance Russell. In the Shadows of Divine Perfection: Derek Walcott’s Omeros. PhD dissertation, University of New Brunswick (Canada), 1999. Carrière, Marie J. Poetics of the Other: Five Feminist Writers from English Canada and Quebec. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1999. Caylor, Jennifer. Claiming Space: Exile and Homecoming in Roughing It in the Bush and Obasan. MA thesis, McGill University (Canada), 1999. Chan, Lai-yee Emily. “Othello” and “The Winter’s Tale”: Shakespeare’s Different Portraits of Jealous Love. MA thesis, California State University, Dominguez Hills (USA), 1999. Chang, Cindy Lei. Myth and Tragedy: Changing Perspectives on the Tragic in Euripides’ “Hippolytus” and Eugene O’Neill’s “Desire under the Elms.” MA thesis, Jingyi University (Taiwan), 1999. Chater, Nancy. Technologies of Remembrance, Literary Criticism and Duncan Campbell Scott’s Indian Poems. MA thesis, University of Toronto (Canada), 1999. Chester, Blanca Schorcht. Storied Voices in Native American Texts, Harry Robinson, Thomas King, James Welch and Leslie Marmon Silko. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1999. Christensen, Erik. The Imperfect Librarians: Myth and Resistance in Marcel Proust, Johannes V. Jensen, Virginia Woolf, and Jorge Luis Borges. PhD dissertation, University of Washington (USA), 1999. Church Farrell, Mary Joanne. The Rhetoric of Silence. PhD dissertation, McGill University (Canada), 1999.

Cole, Kevin L. Levity’s Rainbow: Menippean Poetics in Swift, Fielding, and Sterne. PhD dissertation, Baylor University (USA), 1999. Conover, Robin St. Growing Up in Glass Town: An Investigation of Charlotte Brontë’s Individuation through Her Juvenilia. PhD dissertation, University of Victoria (Canada), 1999. Courte, Lisa J. Engaging the Moral Imagination through Metaphor: Implications for Moral Education, MA thesis, McGill University (Canada), 1999. Cummings, Kasey Allain. Extensions: Spacing Postmodern Time and Distancing Postmodern Proximity: Elizabeth Bowen, Gianni Vattimo, and the End(s) of Modernity. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1999. Davies, Helen. The Politics of Participation: A Study of Canada’s Centennial Celebration. PhD dissertation, University of Manitoba (Canada), 1999. Dawson, Charles Robert. Writing the Memory of Rivers, Story, Ecology and Politics in Some Contemporary River Writing. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1999. Dean, Joanna E. Writing out of Orthodoxy: Lily Dougall, Anglican Modernist, 1858–1923. PhD dissertation, Carleton University (Canada), 1999. Dent, Diane Gail. Le feu source de régénération dans la poésie de Roland Giguère [The Fire Source of Regeneration in the Poetry of Roland Giguère]. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1999. In French. Derksen, Céleste Daphne. Female Subjects in Selected Dramatic Comedies by Canadian Women. PhD dissertation, University of Victoria (Canada), 1999. Diamond, James Arthur. Prooftext as Pretext: The Strategem of Scriptural and Midrashic Citation in Maimonides’ Guide of the Perplexed. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1999. Dunlop, Rishma. Boundary Bay, a Novel as Educational Research. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1999. Eisener, Wendell L. Matthew’s Beatitudes in English: A Comparative Study in the History of Translation. MA thesis, Acadia University (Canada), 1999. Elgue de Martini, Cristina. La re-escritura de la historia en las ficciones argentina y quebequense contemporáneas [The Re-writing of History in Contemporary Argentine and Quebecois Fictions]. PhD dissertation, Université Laval (Canada), 1999. In Spanish. Faflak, Joel. Subjects Presumed to Know: The Scene of Romantic Psychoanalysis. PhD dissertation, University of Western Ontario (Canada), 1999. Farrell, J. Michael. Dramatic Arts and the Postmodern. Ed.D. dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1999.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Fernandes, Linda Maria. The Canadian Fiction of Margaret Laurence: A Study. PhD dissertation, Goa University (India), 1999. Figueredo, María Lujan. Poesía y musicalización, selección y recepción del texto poético en forma musicalizada: El caso Uruguayo, 1960–1985 [Poetry and Musicalization: Selection and Reception of the Poetic Text in Musicalized Form: The Uruguayan Case, 1960–1985]. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1999. In Spanish. Finlay, Karen Anne. The Force of Culture: Vincent Massey and Canadian Sovereignty. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1999. Flowers, Theresa Jane. “A Streetcar Named Desire”: The History of Its Scholarship and the Rhetoric of Its Genre. PhD dissertation, Texas Woman’s University (USA), 1999. Fortune, Clifford Roy. Ralph Cecil Horner, Product of the Ottawa Valley. MA thesis, Carleton University (Canada), 1999. Francis, Jeff. Assembling the Nation’s Culture? The Relevance of Foucault for Studying the Role of the CBC in Emerging Canadian Nationalism, 1925–1930. BA thesis, Carleton University (Canada), 1999. García Arteaga Aguilar, Ricardo. “Historia del descenso en el Orfeo de Tennessee Williams” [History of the Descent in Orpheus Descending by Tennessee Williams]. MA thesis, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Mexico), 1999. Geng, Li-ping. Dialectical Elements in the Novels of Jane Austen. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1999. George, Hanita Adalyn. Continuity and Resistance in the Poems of Semus Heaney. PhD dissertation, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University (India), 1999. George, Jose. Christian Concepts in Malayalam Poetry. PhD dissertation, Mahatma Gandhi University (India), 1999. In Malayalam. Gerrie, James B. Some Ethical and Public Policy Implications of Technological Dependency with Reference to Innis, McLuhan and Grant. PhD dissertation, University of Guelph (Canada), 1999. Ghose, Lynken. Emotion in Buddhism: A Case Study of Asvaghosa’s Saundarananda. PhD dissertation, McGill University (Canada), 1999. Gillian, Stefan. The Canadian Forum et La Nouvelle revue canadienne, la revue d’intérêt général et la communauté imaginaire [The Canadian Forum and La Nouvelle revue canadienne, One the Magazine of General Interest and the Other for the Artistic Community]. MA thesis, Université de Sherbrooke (Canada), 1999. Grout, Nancy Catherine. Reading Victorian London, Henry Mayhew, 1812–1887, and London Labour and the

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London Poor, 1861–62. PhD dissertation, Simon Fraser University (Canada), 1999. Guth, Gwendolyn. A World for Women: Fictions of the Female Artist in English-Canadian Periodicals, 1840–1880. PhD dissertation, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1999. Harder, Cameron Richard. The Shame of Farm Bankruptcy: A Sociological and Theological Investigation of Its Effect on Rural Communities. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1999. Harvey, William Donald. The Poetics of Mallarmé, Hopkins and Apollinaire. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1999. Henderson, Jennifer. Conducting Selves, Race and Government in Canadian Settler Women’s Narratives. PhD dissertation, York University (Canada), 1999. Hossack, Andrea. The Aesthetics of Longing: Women Writing Landscape. MA thesis, Carleton University (Canada), 1999. Hsu, Regina Jui-chen. An “I” for an “I”: Change as Topic and Technique in the Poetry of Edward Estlin Cummings. MA thesis, National Chung Cheng University (Taiwan), 1999. Irving, Catherine Janet Sarah. A Jungle of Shadows: Interpenetrations of the Anagogical and the Grotesque in the Short Stories of Flannery O’Connor. MA thesis, University of Cape Town (South Africa), 1999. Jayanthi J., Esther. The Luminous Dark: The Poetic Vision of Irving Layton. PhD dissertation, University of Kerala (India), 1999. Jiménez Williams, Iván H. Masks in Magic-realist Chilean Drama, 1968–1993. PhD dissertation, University of Alberta (Canada), 1999. Johnson, Maya Zorya. Myths and Metaphors of Authenticity: Perceptions of Friedrich Nietzsche in the Writings of André Gide and Volodymyr Vynnychenko. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1999. Jones, Preston Lee. A Most Favoured Nation: The Bible in Late Nineteenth-Century Canadian Public Life. PhD dissertation, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1999. Joubert, Pieter. The Ghostly Themes, an Applied Criticism: A Study of Frye’s Theory of Modes and Ecology. MA thesis, McMaster University (Canada), 1999. Khordoc, Catherine. L’architexture babelienne, l’inscription du mythe de Babel dans la littérature francophone contemporaine [The Babylonian Architexture: The Inscription of the Myth of Babel in Contemporary French Literature]. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1999. In French. Kilbourn, Russell J. The Negative Ground of Fiction: Negation and Alterity in Kafka, Beckett, Nabokov. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1999. Kotte, Claudia. Random Patterns? Orderly Disorder in Contemporary Narrative. PhD dissertation, Université de Montréal (Canada), 1999.

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Krey Catellier, Miriam. A Study of Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale, from Novel to Its Film Reading [La servante écarlate de Margaret Atwood: Du roman à l’adaptation cinématographique]. MA thesis, Université Laval (Canada), 1999. Knight, Leah. Frye’s Poetic Logic: Paradox and Parable as Critical Structures. MA thesis, McMaster University (Canada), 1999. Kristmanson, Mark. Plateaus of Freedom, Nationality, Culture and State Security in Canada, 1927–1957. PhD thesis, Concordia University (Canada), 1999. Kuan, Cindy Ah Shan. Convergence and Divergence: A Comparative Study of Myth and the Tragic in Jiuge and Agamemnon. M.Phil. thesis, Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. Kydd, Elizabeth Roseanne. Organicism in Musicology: A Critique of Selected Twentieth-Century Writings. PhD dissertation, York University (Canada), 1999. Lamarre, Paul Anthony. Mimesis and Generality in the Late Eighteenth-century English Novel. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1999. Lambertson, Ross. Activists in the Age of Rights: The Struggle for Human Rights in Canada, 1945–1960. PhD dissertation, University of Victoria (Canada), 1999. LaRocque, Emma. Native Writers Resisting Colonizing Practices in Canadian Historiography and Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Manitoba (Canada), 1999. La Rocque, Lance. Revolution and Retreat: The Success and Failure of Tish Subjectivities. PhD dissertation, York University (Canada), 1999. Lawlor, Nuala. The Heritage Minutes: The Charles R. Bronfman Foundation’s Construction of the Canadian Identity. MA thesis, McGill University (Canada), 1999. Lefcoe, Andrew H. Kuhn’s Paradigm in Music Theory. MA thesis, McGill University (Canada), 1999. Libin, Mark Ira. Commencement Exercises: Toward Beginnings in English-Canadian Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Manitoba (Canada), 1999. Little, Peter D. Approaches to Effective Popular Theatre: History, Practice, Theory and a Case Implementation. MA thesis, Acadian University (Canada), 1999. Lloyd, Christian Llywelyn. Dialogising the Lyric, Politics and Prosaics in the Poetry of W.B. Yeats, Ciaran Carson, and Paul Muldoon. PhD dissertation, Queen’s University (Canada), 1999. McIntosh, Janet Elizabeth. The Influence of Gender on Secondary English Students’ Written Responses to Text. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1999. McKeown, Kathleen. Mourning Men: The Elegiac in James Merrill and Richard Howard. MA thesis, Concordia University (Canada), 1999. Magro, Karen Mary. Exploring English Teachers’ Conceptions of Teaching and Learning in Adult Education

Contexts. Ed.D. dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1999. Meharg, Sarah Jane. Making It, Breaking It, and Making It Again: The Destruction and Reconstruction of War-Torn Societies. MA thesis, Royal Military College of Canada (Canada), 1999. Miller, Lynette Elizabeth. The Sound of Dreams, Toru Takemitsu’s “Far Calls. Coming, Far!” and James Joyce’s “Finnegans Wake.” MA thesis, McGill University (Canada), 1999. Minton, Gretchen E. Imaginative Space and the Construction of Community: The Drama of Augustine’s Two Cities in the English Renaissance. PhD thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1999. Miyamoto, Nahoko. “Strange Truths in Undiscovered Lands”: Shelley’s Poetic Development and Romantic Geography. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1999. Montano Rodríguez, Rafael. El pasado entre historias en Terra nostra, de Carlos Fuentes [The Past between Stories in Terra Nostra, by Carlos Fuentes]. PhD dissertation, McGill University (Canada), 1999. In Spanish. Murley, Susan. Coleridge, Collaboration, and the Higher Criticism. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1999. Narbonne, Andre John. Jacob and Job: Humour and the Mating of Unlike Things in the Writing of Herman Melville. PhD dissertation, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1999. Nelson, Brent. “Holy Ambition”: The Rhetoric of Courtship in the Sermons of John Donne. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1999. Nunes, Fernando Jose. Portuguese-Canadians and Academic Underachievement: A Community-based Participatory Research Project. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1999. Osman, Hazem S. Crossings, Journey through Le Corbusier’s Villa la Roche. MA thesis, Carleton University (Canada), 1999. Payne, Sarah. Literary Tourism: An Examination of Tourists’ Anticipation of and Encounter with the Literary Shrines of Willa Cather and Margaret Laurence. PhD dissertation, York University (Canada), 1999. Pinsonneault, Michael. Social Dimensions of Hollywood Movie Music. PhD dissertation, Concordia University, 1999. Powrie, Sarah. The Epic of Collapse, Examining the Pagan Germanic Cosmology in Beowulf. MA thesis, Queen’s University (Canada), 1999. Rioux, Ève. Salomé d’Oscar Wilde: Histoire et mythe [Salome of Oscar Wilde: History and Myth]. MA thesis, Université Laval (Canada), 1999. In French. Rocha, Eromar Bomfim. O mitologismo em a Paixão segundo G.H. [Mythology in the Passion according to

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

G.H.] MA thesis, Universidade de São Paulo (Brazil), 1999. In Portuguese. Romberger, Julia E. Quickened Mirrors: The Function of the Doppelgaenger in Paul Auster’s New York Trilogy. MA thesis, Kutztown University of Pennsylvania (USA), 1999. Rouleau, Caroline. Le sacré dans trois romans de Victor-Lévy Beaulieu [The Sacred in Three Novels of Victor-Lévy Beaulieu]. MA thesis, McGill University (Canada), 1999. In French. Sher, Gabrielle Melanie. Reality or Illusion? A Study of the Emancipation of Women in the GDR as Portrayed in Selected Stories from Helga Schubert’s Lauter Leben. MA thesis, Queen’s University (Canada), 1999. Shore, Zandra Lesley. Girls Reading Culture: Autobiography as Inquiry into Teaching the Body, the Romance, and the Economy of Love. Ed.D. dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1999. Shorthouse, R.T. From “Suspicion” to “Affirmation”: A Study of the Role of the Imagination and Prose Rhythm, Drawing upon the Hermeneutical Philosophy of Paul Ricoeur, in Which There May Be Movement from Suspicion to Affirmation of Reasonable Hope. PhD dissertation, University of Warwick (United Kingdom), 1999. Slights, Jessica. The Moral Architecture of the Household in Shakespeare’s Comedies. PhD dissertation, McGill University (Canada), 1999. Sorensen, Susan D. Verbal and Visual Language and the Question of Faith in the Fiction of A.S. Byatt. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1999. Srivastava, Sushil Chandra. Nature of Conflict in the Major Novels of R.K. Narayan. PhD dissertation, V.B.S. Purvanchal University (India), 1999. Stoianova, Christina. The Eastern European Crisis of Self-Knowledge, 1948–1989: The Relationship between State and Society as Reflected in Eastern European Film: A Genre Approach. PhD dissertation, Concordia University (Canada), 1999. Steblyk, Cathy P. Japanese Women’s Shishôsetsu: Some Limitations of Universal Literary Criteria. PhD dissertation, University of Alberta (Canada), 1999. Suchan, Vladimir. Globalization, Postcommunism, and the Modern Project: The Political Economy of Nihilism, Its Ciphers, and the Platonic Cave. PhD dissertation, Carleton University (Canada), 1999. Sujatha, Smt. C. The Socio-Historic Aspects in the Critical Works of F.W. Bateson. PhD dissertation, Sri Venkateswara University (India), 1999. Taylor, William Douglas. In Search of Play: A Performance Kit. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 1999. Therrien, Marie-Josée. Au-delà des frontières, l’architecture des chancelleries canadiennes, 1930–1992 [Beyond Borders, Canadian Chancery Architecture, 1930–1992].

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PhD dissertation, Université Laval (Canada), 1999. In French. Thomas, Leslee. Parody and Politics in Post-Colonial Fiction: The Indian Experience with Particular Reference to Shashi Tharoor’s The Great Indian Novel. PhD dissertation, Mahatma Gandhi University (India), 1999. Thulasi, J. The Concept of Biorhythm in the Critical Approach of Northrop Frye. PhD dissertation, University of Madras (India), 1999. Tschofen, Monique. Anagrams of the Body, Hybrid Texts and the Question of Postmodernism in the Literature and Film of Canada. PhD dissertation, University of Alberta (Canada), 1999. Velásquez, Antonio. La narrativa de Claribel Alegrí: Historia e innovación literaria [The narrative of Claribel Alegría: History and Literary Innovation]. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1999. In Spanish. Vanderburgh, Jennifer Ann. The Perception of the Cinematic Canadian: A Country of Origin or a Genre? MA thesis, York University (Canada), 1999. Venema, Kathleen Rebecca. Rhetoric of Colonial Exchange: Time, Space, and Agency in Canadian Exploration Narratives (1760–1793). PhD dissertation, University of Waterloo (Canada), 1999. Voitkovska, Ludmilla. A Stranger at Home, at Home among Strangers: Joseph Conrad as an Expatriate Writer. PhD dissertation, University of Saskatchewan (Canada), 1999. Wernick, Andrew. Auguste Comte and the Religion of Humanity. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1999. Whalen, Robert. The Poetry of Immanence: Sacrament in Donne and Herbert. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 1999. Whitney, Allison. Labyrinth, Cinema, Myth and Nation at Expo 67. MA thesis, McGill University (Canada), 1999. Wilfong-Pritchard, Geoffrey. Cloven Hoof, Historical Drama and the Construction of Narrative Theology. D.Min. thesis, St. Stephens College (Canada), 1999. Winny, Beverley. Canadian Fiction for Adolescents from 1970–1990: The Rise of the Aboriginal Voice and the Decolonization of the Curriculum of Ontario. MA thesis, Trent University (Canada), 1999. 2000 Abma, Annette Corrine. Figures of Mind in the Poetry of W.B. Yeats and Wallace Stevens. PhD dissertation, McMaster University (Canada), 2000. Audet, Suzanne. De l’arbre à ses fruits, étude de la collection “L’arbre” de la maison d’édition Hurtubise HMH, 1963–1974 [From the Tree to Its Fruits: Study of the Collection “The Tree” of the Publishing House

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Hurtubise HMH, 1963–1974]. MA thesis, Université de Sherbrooke (Canada), 2000. In French. Beauregard, Guy Pierre. Asian Canadian Literature: Diasporic Interventions in the Work of Sky Lee, Joy Kogawa, Hiromi Goto, and Fred Wah. PhD dissertation, University of Alberta (Canada), 2000. Bertrand, Paul. The Life and Legacy of Don Toppin. MA thesis, University of Toronto (Canada), 2000. Bessa, Daniela Borja. O discurso religioso em Olhai os lirios do campo [The Religious Speech in Olhai: The Lilies of the Field]. MA thesis, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Brazil), 2000. In Portuguese. Bhandare, Sandhya N. The Plays of James Reaney and Pundalik Naik: A Comparative Study. PhD dissertation, Goa University (India), 2000. Blok, Cornelia Marijke. Fate and the Hand of Hardy: A Comparative Study of Five of His Works and Their Relative Success. PhD dissertation, University of New Brunswick (Canada), 2000. Boucher, Rémi. A Comparative Post-Colonial Reading of Kristjana Gunnars’ The Prowler and Robert Kroetsch’s What the Crow Said. PhD dissertation, University of Alberta (Canada), 2000. Briggs, Marlene. Haunted Armistice: The Great War, Modern British Literature, and the Mourning of Historical Trauma. PhD dissertation, University of Ottawa ­(Canada), 2000. Brisebois, Michel. Chronologie et historicité dans Trente Arpents [Chronology and Historicity in Trent Arpents]. MA thesis, University of British Columbia, 2000. In French. Bujold, Michelle. Environmental Values: A Comparative Study of Government Forest Policies in Canada and Sweden. MA thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2000. Burgess, Diane. Canon Busting? Approaching Contemporary Canadian Cinema. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2000. Callahan, Kirt. A Nova Scotian Accent: Self and Place in the Work of Ernest Buckler. MA thesis, Dalhousie University (Canada), 2000. Casey, Simon David. Naked Liberty and the World of Desire: Elements of Anarchism in the Work of D.H. Lawrence. Ph. D. dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2000. Caskey, Sarah A. Open Secrets, Ambiguity and Irresolution in the Australian, New Zealand, and Canadian Short Story. PhD dissertation, McMaster University (Canada), 2000. Caufield, Catherine Lynne. Hermeneutics of Written Texts: Religious Discourse in Mexican Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2000. Chalykoff, Lisa. Space and Identity Formation in Twentieth-Century Canadian Realist Novels, Recasting

Regionalism within Canadian Literary Studies. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2000. Chénard, Martin. L’acte de lecture structuraliste, déploiement de quelques variables [Structuralist Reading: Deployment of a Few Variables]. MA thesis, Université Laval (Canada), 2000. In French. Collington, Tara Leah. La corrélation essentielle des rapports spatio-temporels, la validité heuristique du chronotope de Bakhtine [The Essential Correlation of Spatio-Temporal Relations; the Heuristic Validity of the Bakhtin Chronotope]. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2000. In French. Corbett, Michael John. Learning to Leave: The Irony of Schooling in a Coastal Community. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2000. Dayan, Shoshana. Poets and the Canadian Jewish Community: Three Portraits. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2000. DiSanto, Michael John. Courage in Judgement: The Criticism of F.R. Leavis. MA thesis, Dalhousie University (Canada), 2000. Dixon, Todd Lawrence. Politics and the Educated Imagination: The Constitutional Thought of F.R. Scott. MA thesis, University of Regina (Canada), 2000. Duerden, P. Producing Blake. MA thesis, Swansea University (Wales), 2000. Dupont, Luc. Vers une analyse sociologique de la publicité iconique, 1987–1997 [Towards a Sociological Analysis of Iconic Advertising, 1987–1997]. PhD dissertation, Université Laval (Canada), 2000. In French. Dutton, Mark. Checking the Blind Spot: The Inevitability of Theory in the Ontario Secondary School English Classroom. Ed.D. dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2000. Elmslie, Susan. Living Rooms: Domestic Material Culture in Fiction by Joan Barfoot, Marion Quednau, and Diane Schoemperlen. PhD dissertation, McGill University (Canada), 2000. Emslie, John Adam. The Imagination of William Blake: A Study of the Illustrations of the Book of Job. MA thesis, Regis College (Canada), 2000. Flagel, Susan Lorraine. Transcendence Signified: The Journey to Geist in The Mysteries of Udolpho and Jane Eyre. MA thesis, University of New Brunswick (Canada), 2000. Flath, James A. Printing Culture in Rural North China. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2000. Fordham, Kim Ione. Trials and Tribunals in the Works of Heinrich von Kleist. PhD dissertation, Queen’s University (Canada), 2000. Fournier, Martine. Rails and Ties: A Comparison of Late Nineteenth-Century Images of Western Railways in

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Canada and the United States. MA thesis, Concordia University (Canada), 2000. Frank, Christine E. Facilitating Courses by Computer-Mediated Communication and the Role of the Teacher, the Community College Teacher’s Perceptions. PhD thesis, University of Toronto (Canada), 2000. Gallagher, Bronac. The Elementary Conundrum: “Can Poetry Be Fun?” M.Ed. thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland (Canada), 2000. Gallant-Robinson, Matthew. Hermeneutic Re-definition, Re-occulting H.D.’s Trilogy. MA thesis, University of New Brunswick (Canada), 2000. Gambassi, Fabrizio. Desiderio e ideologia nell’ opera di Northrop Frye [Desire and Ideology in the Work of Northrop Frye.] Tesi di laurea, University of Siena (Italy), 2000. In Italian. Gibson, Twyla. Plato’s Code: Philosophical Foundations of Knowledge in Education. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2000. Graff, Ann-Barbara. Cultural Displacement and Dislocation: Darwinian Fictions of Empire, 1850–1900. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2000. Hallett, David F. Cautious Rebellion: A Critical Study of the Canadian Historical Play in English. MA thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2000. Hardy, Nat Wayne. Anatomy of Pestilence: The Satiric Disgust of Plague in Early Modern London, 1563–1625. PhD dissertation, University of Alberta (Canada), 2000. Harischandra, R.R. Make-up and Costume as a Silent Text: Explorations in the Art Form of Cindu Madigas. PhD dissertation, University of Hyderabad (India), 2000. Härting, Heike Helene. Performative Metaphors in Caribbean and Ethnic Canadian Writing. PhD dissertation, University of Victoria (Canada), 2000. Heaps, Denise Adele. Gendered Discourse and Subjectivity in Travel Writing by Canadian Women. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2000. Hughes, Kimberley Jean. Streatham Revisited: The Social and Literary Context of Samuel Johnson’s The Fountains: A Fairy Tale. MA thesis, University of New Brunswick (Canada), 2000. Isotti, Laura Cristina. La dualité des figures utopiques dans Paul et Virginie [The Duality of Utopian Figures in Paul and Virginie]. PhD dissertation, University of Western Ontario(Canada), 2000. In French. Ivison, Douglas. The Production of White Space: Adventure as Spatial Practice in Cooper, Richardson, and Boldrewood. PhD dissertation, Université de Montréal (Canada), 2000. Jayakumar, T. Canadian Drama and Social Reform: A Study of the Selected Plays of James Reaney and George Ryga. PhD dissertation, Bharathidasan University (India), 2000.

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King, Susan. The Essential, Interactive Relationship between a Creative Thinker and an Audience. Ed.D. dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2000. Kosonen, Pãivi. Elãmãt sanoissa. Eletty ja kerrottu epãjatkuvuus Sarrauten, Durasin, Robbe-Grillet’n ja Perecin omaelãmãkerrallisissa teksteissã [Live in Words: Surviving and Narrowing in the Texts of Sarraute, Duras, Robbe-Grillet, and Perec]. PhD dissertation, University of Tampere (Finland), 2000. In Finnish. Kumar, Stephen P. The Theme of Suffering in the Novels of Nathanael West. PhD dissertation, Bharathidasan University (India), 2000. Lakevold, Dale. Wild Geese, Stage Adaptation and Notes. MA thesis, University of Manitoba (Canada), 2000. Lobe, Clifford. Un-settling Memory: Cultural Memory and Post-Colonialism. PhD dissertation, University of Alberta (Canada), 2000. Luo, Hui. Ezra Pound, Confucius and the Art of Interpretation. MA thesis, McMaster University (Canada), 2000. Lypeckyj, Mark Alexander. The Homeric ήθος [Ethos], Cimonian-Periclean Rivalry and the Speeches of Pericles in Thucydides’ Account of the Athenian-Peloponnesian War. MA thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2000. McConnell, Kathleen L. Significant Silences and Muted Machines: Textile Tropes in British Literature around the Industrial Revolution. PhD dissertation, Dalhousie University (Canada), 2000. McEwen, Gary Ross. A Reflective Analysis of Public Policy Development and Implementation: A Career Civil Servant’s Strategy to Facilitate Surviving Major Organizational Change and Rapid Policy Development. M.Ed. thesis, University of Manitoba (Canada), 2000. McNaught, Allison Joan. War, Peace and the English Curriculum. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2000. Manuel, Beulah Rani. Margaret Atwood’s Fiction: An Analysis of Her Major Concerns as Reflected through Her Imagery in Selected Novels. The Edible Woman, Surfacing, Lady Oracle, and The Handmaid’s Tale. PhD dissertation, Savitribai Phule Pune University (India), 2000. Massé, Sylvie. La deuxième culture, la littérature féminine au Québec de 1935 à 1980 [The Second Culture: Women’s Literature in Quebec from 1935 to 1980]. PhD dissertation, Université Laval (Canada), 2000. In French. Melich, Jiri S. The Legacy of Communist Political Culture in East-Central Europe: A Study of the Post-Communist Mind. PhD dissertation, Carleton University (Canada), 2000. Miedema, Gary R. For Canada’s Sake: The Re-visioning of Canada and the Re-structuring of Public Religion in the 1960s. PhD dissertation, Queen’s University (Canada), 2000.

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Miller, Ryan Edward. The Gospel According to Grace: Gnostic Heresy as Narrative Strategy in Margaret Atwood’s Alias Grace. MA thesis, Simon Fraser University (Canada), 2000. Misener, Katharine Lynn. Ives as Innovator? Considerations of Sources, Biography, and Style for His Songs Based on Models. MA thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2000. Moore, Beverley. The Extent and Impact of Communications Cartels on Public Education, 1980–2000. PhD dissertation, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto (Canada), 2000. Mounsef, Donia. À corp(u)s perdus, corporéité et spatialité dans le théâtre de Bernard-Marie Koltes et d’Hélène Cixous [In Corp(u)s Lost, Corporeity and Spatiality in the Theatre of Bernard-Marie Koltes and Hélène Cixous]. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2000. In French. Namita, Srivastava. A Study of the Poetry of T.S. Eliot in the Light of Anandavardhana’s Dhvani Theory. PhD dissertation, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (India), 2000. Nelson, Holly Faith. The Scriptural Texture of Henry Vaughan’s Silex Scintillans: The Poetics, Politics and Theology of Intertextuality. MA thesis, Simon Fraser University (Canada), 2000. Nieman, Meghan H. Female Heroics on the Early Modern Stage. PhD dissertation, Queen’s University (Canada), 2000. O’Brien, Audrey. Mythic Space in the Western World: A Study of Spatial Representation in French Novels of the fin(s) de siècle. PhD dissertation, University of Alberta (Canada), 2000. Pater, John Charles. The Word Made Virtual: Giving Scriptural Status to Popular Culture. MA thesis, St. Stephen’s College (Canada), 2000. Patil, B.Y. Becket Myth in English Plays. PhD dissertation, Karnatak University (India), 2000. Pelletier, Charles. Parcours, théorie, création et critique [Course, Theory, Creation and Criticism]. PhD dissertation, Université de Sherbrooke (Canada), 2000. In French. Perrin, Robin Terese. From Cambridge to Communication, McLuhan beyond McLuhanism. MA thesis, Simon Fraser University (Canada), 2000. Poulter, Gillian. Becoming Native in a Foreign Land: Visual Culture, Sport, and Spectacle in the Construction of National Identity in Montreal, 1840–1885. PhD dissertation, York University (Canada), 2000. Prusko, Rachel Fitz. Representation and Revision: Cary, Shakespeare, and Renaissance Ideologies of Marriage. MA thesis, University of Alberta (Canada), 2000. Rajani, B. Counter Discourse in the Works of Joan Crate, Jovette Marchessault, and Lee Maracle. PhD dissertation, University of Calicut (India), 2000.

Rang, Lloyd W. A Touch of Fire. MA thesis, University of Guelph (Canada), 2000. Roopkumar Balasingh, R. Harsh Light on Dark Corners: A Study of the Voice of Blame and the Vision of Man in the Novels of David Williams. PhD dissertation, Bharathidasan University (India), 2000. Rudloff, Lynnora Holleman. The West that Ever Was: The Argument with Cultural Gender Expectations in Larry McMurtry’s Old West Novels. PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Austin (USA), 2000. Santaularia Capdevila, Isabel. Representations of Masculinity in Wilbur Smith’s “Courtney Saga.” Contextual Causes and Strategies of Authorial Control. PhD dissertation, Universitat de Lleida (Spain), 2000. Santesso, Aaron. The Poetics of Nostalgia from Dryden to Crabbe. PhD dissertation, Queen’s University (Canada), 2000. Scoville, Chester N. The Rhetoric of the Saints in Middle English Biblical Drama. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2000. Sébastien, Jean. La technocratie et le phénomène de la machine dans les années trente [Technocracy and the Phenomenon of the Machine in the Thirties]. MA thesis, Université de Montréal (Canada), 2000. In French. Shankar, Sidhaarth. Hindi Swachhandtavad ki parikalpna aur Ramnaresh Tripathi ka kavya. [The Concept of Hindi Romanticism and the Poetry of Ramnaresh Tripathi]. PhD dissertation, Jawaharlal Nehru University (India), 2000. In Hindi. Shih, Wen-shan. Intercultural Theatre: Two Beijing Opera Adaptations of Shakespeare. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2000. Simon, Shanthi. Woman and/as Nation in Margaret Atwood’s Fiction. PhD dissertation, Mahatrna Gandhi University (India), 2000. Simpson, Hyacinth Mavernie. Orality and the Short Story, Jamaica and the West Indies. PhD dissertation, York University (Canada), 2000. Stafford, Laurien. Les ironies classique et moderne dans Récits de Médilhault d’Anne Legault [The Classic and Modern Ironies in Anne Legault’s Récits de Médilhault. MA thesis, Université Laval (Canada), 2000. In French. Stewart, Janice. Violent Femmes: Identification and the Autobiographical Works of Virginia Woolf, Radclyffe Hall, and Emily Carr. PhD dissertation, McGill University (Canada), 2000. Sundari, P. Usha. Two Faces of Women: An Intertextual Study. PhD dissertation, Utkal University (India), 2000. Surini, Christian. Northrop Frye e la figura del servo nella commedia del Cinquecento [Northrop Frye and the Figure of the Servant in Sixteenth-Century Comedy]. Academic thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo (Italy), 2000. In Italian.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Swartz, Larry. Text Talk: Towards an Interactive Classroom Model for Encouraging, Supporting and Promoting Literacy. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2000. Szadkowski, Katherine Isabel. Doris Lessing’s “Shikasta”: The Integration of a Biblical and Scientific Imagination. MA thesis, University of Manitoba (Canada), 2000. Taylor, Aaron E. World without End: Historicity and the Contemporary Science Fiction Cinema. MA thesis, Carleton University (Canada), 2000. White, Stephanie. Postwar Canadian Architecture: The Colonial, the Modern and the National Project in Alberta. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2000. Wilson, Teresa. Conversations with First Nations Educators: Weaving Identity into Pedagogical Practice. MA thesis, University of Victoria (Canada), 2000. Xià, Xiù. Jung’s Theory of the Archetype. MA thesis, 2000. In Chinese. Yan, Zhijun. Northrop Frye’s Cultural Criticism. MA thesis, Nanjing Normal University (China), 2000. Zook, Douglas Ray. Exploring Imagination, Film and Social Studies: Engaging a Transformative Pedagogy of Desire. PhD dissertation, University of Alberta (Canada), 2000. 2001 Ackermann, Zeno. Working at “Romance”: Poetics and Ideology in Novels of the Antebellum American South, 1824–1854. PhD dissertation, University of Regensburg (Germany), 2001. Afnan, Nooshfar B. Concepts of Spirituality in the Works of Robert Houle and Otto Rogers with Special Consideration to Images of the Land. MA thesis, Carleton University (Canada), 2001. Aikman, Laurie Kathleen. Visions, Voices, and Voisinages: Contemporary Canadian Women’s Spiritual Autobiographies. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2001. Ali, S. Vajid. Moral Vision in the Novels of James Baldwin. PhD dissertation, Bharathidasan University (India), 2001. Allison, Michael David. The Individual Is Everything or the World Is Nothing: Morality and Regionalism in the Novels of David Adams Richards. MA thesis, Acadia University (Canada), 2001. Alsowaifan, Sabah H. Qasim’s Short Stories: An Example of Arabic Supernatural/Ghost/Horror Story. PhD dissertation, University of Alberta (Canada), 2001. Amirtham, R. The Use of the Bible in Eliot and Joyce: A Comparative Study. PhD dissertation, Bharathidasan University (India), 2001. Andrade, Rodrigo Vivas. As interseções midiáticas da pequena Bom Sucesso de 1938–1954: leituras e discursos

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de Júlio Castanheira [The Mediatic Intersections of the Little Bom Sucesso from 1938–1954: Readings and Speeches by Júlio Castanheira]. MA thesis, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Brazil), 2001. In Portuguese. Arora, Satish Kumar. Quest Motif in Mulk Raj Anand, R.K. Narayan, and Raja Rao. PhD dissertation, Himachal Pradesh University (India), 2001. Bai, M. Sandhya. The Fiction and Prose of Gita Mehta: A Montage of Modern India. PhD dissertation, Sri Krishnadevaraya University (India), 2001. Bai, R. Kasthuri. Theatre Implications of the Selected Plays of Asif Currimbhoy. PhD dissertation, Bharathiar University (India), 2001. Baker, Tami Lynn. Historical Linguistic Analysis of Traditional English Christmas Carols. MA thesis, East Tennessee State University (USA), 2001. Berci, Margaret Elizabeth. In Search of Knowledge That the Self Makes of the Self: The Philosophy of Autobiography and Its Role in the Development of an Educator. PhD dissertation, University of Calgary (India), 2001. Blair, Jennifer. “In the Greatest Abundance”: Life, Governance and Discourses of Conservation in Nineteenth-Century Canada. MA thesis, University of Guelph (Canada). Boisvert, France. Le développement des genres littéraires dans l’oeuvre de Lahontan [The Development of Literary Genres in the Work of Lahontan]. PhD dissertation, Université de Montréal (Canada), 2001. In French. Breton, Rob. Gospels and Grit: Work and Labour from Thomas Carlyle to George Orwell. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2001. Carpenter, Ian. Comic Violence, from Commedia dell’arte to Contemporary Cinema. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2001. Chardel, Pierre-Antoine. Étude des enjeux ontologiques et éthiques de l’écriture dans le champ de l’herméneutique et de la deconstruction [Study of Ontological and Ethical Issues of Writing in the Field of Hermeneutics and Deconstruction]. PhD dissertation, École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (Paris) and Université Laval (Canada), 2001. In French. Chattopadhyay, Debasis. Novels of Anita Desai: The Fabric of Vision. PhD dissertation, University of Burdwan (India), 2001. Conley, Tim. Joyce’s Mistakes: Problems of Intention, Irony, and Interpretation. PhD dissertation, Queen’s University (Canada), 2001. Corbett, Michael John. Learning to Leave: The Irony of Schooling in a Coastal Community. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2001. Craig, Carys. Fair Dealing and the Purposes of Copyright Protection: An Analysis of Fair Dealing in the Copyright Law of the United Kingdom and Canada. L.L.M. dissertation, Queen’s University (Canada), 2001.

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Dolmage, Bonita Valerie. Modern Myth-Making in Selected Works of Sam Shepard and Marsha Norman. MA thesis, University of Regina (Canada), 2001. Donnelly, Phillip Johnathan. Interpretation and Violence: Reason, Narrative, and Religious Toleration in the Works of John Milton. PhD dissertation, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2001. Fallon, Michael Dennis. People of the Covenant: Dutch Reformed Immigration into Canada after World War II. PhD dissertation, University of Guelph (Canada), 2001. Filipetto, Gina. Literary Texts in the High School: To Read or Not to Read? MA thesis, University of Calgary (Canada), 2001. Forsythe, Leanne. Frye’s Theory of Myth and Language in Julian of Norwich’s “A Revelation of Divine Love” and Hart Crane’s “The Bridge.” MA thesis, McMaster University (Canada), 2001. França, Maria José Moreira Ferreira. A tessitura do avesso: Ensaio sobre a cegueira, Todos os nomes e A caverna, de José Saramago, na mira da sátira menipeéia [The Reverse Side: An Essay on Blindness: All the Names and The Cave, by José Saramago, in the Direction of the Menippean Satire]. PhD dissertation, Universidad São Paulo (Brazil), 2001. In Portuguese. Furmuzachi, Gabriel. Emotions, Metaphors and Reality: A Phenomenological Approach to William Lyall’s Intellect, the Emotions and the Moral Nature. PhD dissertation, Lakehead University (Canada), 2001. Geronimi, Martine. Imaginaires français en Amérique du Nord: Géographie comparative des paysages patrimoniaux et touristiques du Vieux-Québec et du Vieux Carré à la Nouvelle Orléans [French Imaginary in North America: Comparative Geography of Heritage and Tourism Landscapes of Old Quebec and Old Square in New Orleans]. MA thesis, Université Laval (Canada), 2001. In French. Gervais, Marielle. Mémoires de la Dame errante, création; suivi de l’essai, De la structure intentionnelle à l’écriture intuitionnelle [Memoirs of the Wandering Lady, Creation; Follow-up of the Essay, from the Intentional Structure to the Intuitional Writing]. PhD dissertation, Université Laval (Canada), 2001. In French. Haynie, Caroline Kinnett. The Rhetoric of Typological Interpretation: The Patriarchs as Old Testament Types. MA thesis, University of Georgia (USA), 2001. Heskett, Randall. Messianism within the Book of Isaiah as a Whole. PhD dissertation, University of St. Michael’s College, University of Toronto (Canada), 2001. Jobbitt, Steve. Re-civilizing the Land: Conservation and Postwar Reconstruction in Ontario, 1939–1961. MA thesis, Lakehead University (Canada), 2001. Jones, Dan Oscar. Aesthetic Theory and Practice. MA thesis, Truman State University (USA), 2001.

Joseph, Babu K. Modalities of the Transcendent and Modes of Human Response: A Review of the Phenomenology of Religion of Otto, Kristensen, Van Der Leeuw and Eliade from the Perspective of Merleau-Ponty. PhD dissertation, Pondicherry University (India), 2001. Joseph, N. The Art of Katherine Anne Porter and Alice Munro: A Comparative Study. PhD dissertation, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University (India), 2001. Komaromi, Ann Lyn. Venedikt Erofeev’s ‘Moskva-Petushki’: The Life of Venichka. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin–Madison (USA), 2001. Kow, Simon Dir-Ching. Leviathan against Behemoth: ­Hobbes and Milton on Religious Conflict and the State. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2001. Larsen, Brian. An Interaction of Theology and Literature by Means of Archetypal Criticism, with Reference to the Characters Jesus, Pilate, Thomas, the Jews, and Peter in the Gospel of John. PhD dissertation, University of St. Andrews (Scotland), 2001. Lawler, Lois K. Revisions of Domesticity: Selected Texts of Elena Poniatowska, Gabriel García Márquez, and ­Isabel Allende. PhD dissertation, University of Oklahoma (USA), 2001. Lawrence, Se¢an Kevin. Alterity, the Divine and Ethics in King Lear. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2001. Lawson, James Charles. First Nations, Environmental Interests and the Forest Products Industry in Temagami and Algonquin Park. PhD dissertation, York University (­Canada), 2001. Lee, Maple. Toni Onley’s “Diary of China Painting Trip 20 February–21 March 1988: An Annotated Edition. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2001. Lei, Feng Lin. On the Biblical Archetypes of “Moby Dick.” MA thesis, Northwest Normal University (China), 2001. In Chinese. Lessard, Bruno. The Mind’s I, Moral Agency in Shakespeare’s Hamlet. PhD dissertation, Université Laval (Canada), 2001. Levy, Sophie. Torontology. MA thesis, University of Toronto (Canada), 2001. Low, Bronwen Elisabeth. Spoken Word: Exploring the Language and Poetics of the Hip Hop Popular. PhD dissertation, York University (Canada), 2001. Lowry, Glen Albert. After the End/s: CanLit and the Unravelling of Nation, “Race,” and Space in the Writing of Michael Ondaatje, Daphne Marlatt, and Roy Kiyooka. PhD dissertation, Simon Fraser University (Canada), 2001. McCabe, Shauna. Representing Islandness: Myth, Memory, and Modernisation in Prince Edward Island. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2001. McKenzie, Stephanie May. Canada’s Day of Atonement: The Contemporary Native Literary Renaissance, the Native

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Cultural Renaissance and Post-centenary Canadian Mythology. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2001. McKinnon, Ann Marie. The Death Drive: Cronenberg, Ondaatje, Gould. PhD dissertation, University of Alberta (Canada), 2001. Mains, Rachel Nöel. The Quest of the Female Hero in the Works of Patricia A. McKillip. MA thesis, University of Calgary (Canada), 2001. Millner, Jacqueline Martine. Creating Order: The French Revolution in Selected Texts of André Chénier, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Novalis. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2001. Mohamed Ibraheem, A. The Drama of the Dispossessed: The Treatment of Indigene in Canadian Drama: A Study of Selected Plays of George Ryga, Tomson Highway and Linda Griffiths and Maria Campbell. PhD dissertation, Bharathidasan University (India), 2001. Morelyle, Karen Penny. Local Instances of Social Resistance: Artistic Expressions in the Age of Globalization. MA thesis, Carleton University (Canada), 2001. Nien-Tzu Hsu. The Destiny of Pecola: Racism and Sexism in Toni Morrison’s “The Bluest Eye.” MA thesis. Tamkang University (Taiwan), 2001. Pollock, Philip James. Northwest Passage. PhD dissertation, University of Houston (USA), 2001. Pomeroy, Barry S. Historiographic Metafiction or Lying with the Truth. PhD dissertation, University of Manitoba (Canada), 2001. Radkova, Lenka. Moral Rights of Authors in International Copyright of the 21st Century: Time for Consolidation? L.L.M. thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2001. Ramsay Best, Janna. The Architectural Imagination of S. Arthur Townend. MA thesis, Laurentian University (Canada), 2001. Rangarajan, G. Mythic Constructs, Dystopia and Dehumanisation in Modern British and American Fiction. PhD dissertation, University of Calicut (India), 2001. Reeder, Steven Lynn. William Blake and Joseph Smith: Prophets of the Old and New World. MA thesis, California State University, Dominguez Hills (USA), 2001. Renner, Peter Grein. Vulnerable to Possibilities: A Journey of Self-Knowing through Personal Narrative. Ed.D. dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2001. Rinaldo, Vincent Joseph. Teachers’ Choice Music Program: Theory, Design, and Implementation in Primary and Junior Grades in Ontario. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2001. Schneider, Andrea Joy. TV Nation, the Nationalist Narratives and Mythological Messages of the Heritage Minutes. MA thesis, Queen’s University (Canada), 2001.

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Sebastian, V.J. The Theme of Power in George Orwell’s Post-War Novels Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four. PhD dissertation, University of Calicut (India), 2001. Shostak, Dorothy. Open Secrets: Fetishicity in the Poetry of Gwendolyn MacEwen. PhD dissertation, Dalhousie University (Canada), 2001. Simms, Debra L. The Role of Principles in the Care Ethic: An Examination of Noddings’ Caring. MA thesis, University of Toronto (Canada), 2001. Smyrl, Shannon Lorene. “In all their diversity”: Ethnicity and the Anxiety of Nation-building in English-Canadian Literary Studies at the End of the Millennium. PhD dissertation, Queen’s University (Canada), 2001. Stiles, Diane. “The person you call ‘I’”: Configurations of Identity in the Poetry of P.K. Page. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2001. Stymeist, David. Renaissance Scapegoating: The Representation of Persecution in Early Modern Drama. PhD dissertation, Queen’s University (Canada), 2001. Tejpal, Ramesh Chander. T.S. Eliot as a Critic. PhD dissertation, Himachal Pradesh University (India), 2001. Tittley, Serge G. The Personalist Pedagogy of John Macmurray. M.Ed. thesis, Lakehead University (Canada), 2001. Watkins, Shana. Embracing the Took Kinship between Middle Earth and Sixties Youth. MA thesis, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (USA), 2001. Wells, Catherine. Les métamorphoses narratologiques dans Chronique des sept misères et Solibo magnifique, une étude postclassique de Gérard Genette et de Patrick Chamoiseau [The Narratological Metamorphoses in Chronicle of the Seven Miseries and Solibo Magnificent, a Postclassical Study of Gérard Genette and Patrick Chamoiseau]. PhD dissertation, Queen’s University (Canada), 2001. Woerner, Jody Ray. The Quest for Joy: C.S. Lewis’s Use of the Quest Narrative in His Fiction. PhD dissertation, Arizona State University (USA), 2001. Wu, Pei-Ju. Narrative Aberrations: Subliminal Haunting of a Fantastic Ireland in James Joyce’s “Circe.” MA thesis, National Sun Yat-Sen University (Taiwan), 2001. Zhang, Bing. The Value of the Jungian Archetype in the Construction of Contemporary Chinese Literary Theory. MA thesis, Guangxi Normal University (China), 2001. In Chinese. Zhang, Yu Han. A Comparison of the Archetypal Characters of Hemingway and Shi Nai’an. MA thesis, Henan University (China), 2001. In Chinese. 2002 Aho, Esko. Upper Secondary School Students and the Writing of Historical Narratives. PhD dissertation, University of Turku (Finland), 2002. Bifford, Darren J. Disagreeing with Lewy’s Landlady: Toward a Wittgensteinian Account of Reasoning in

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Aesthetics. MA thesis, Dalhousie University (Canada), 2002. Bonnett, John. Communication, Complexity and Empire: The Systemic Thought of Harold Adams Innis. PhD dissertation, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. Braun, Kara Lynn. The Image of Childhood in Astrid Lindgren’s Pippi Longstocking. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2002. Britton, Ariel Allyn. Parallel Pastoralisms: Concurrent Developments in the Evolution of Scottish and Southern Literature. MA thesis, University of Georgia (USA), 2002. Buckland, Corinne Anitra. “Bright Shoots of Everlastingness”: Children’s Fiction as Secular Scripture. PhD dissertation, University of Tasmania (Australia), 2002. Cabajsky, Andrea. “Transcolonial Circuits”: Historical Fiction and National Identities in Ireland, Scotland, and Canada. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2002. Cerelli, Elena. Le due culture nella narrativa di Amitav Ghosh [The Two Cultures in the Narrative of Amitav Ghosh]. Tesi di laurea, Università degli Studi di Bologna (Italy), 2002. In Italian. Chattopadhyay, Prasenjit. Matthew Arnold and Modern Criticism. PhD dissertation, University of Burdwan (India), 2002. Chia-Lin Chang. W.B. Yeats’s “A Vision”: A Double-Voiced Construction of Antithetical. MA thesis, National Taiwan University (Taiwan), 2002. Chrusch, Clayton S. Five Kinds of Freedom: Northrop Frye’s Theory of Symbols and Thich Nhat Hanh’s “Old Path White Clouds.” MA thesis, McMaster University (Canada), 2002. Coburn, Lynn. Homeward Bound: A Journey to Cyberspace and Back Again in Middle School French. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2002. Coffey, Anita Lee. Six Archetypes in Selected Novels of Ana María Matute. PhD dissertation, Texas Tech University (USA), 2002. Cross, Mary Fatima. Narrative Strategies in Recent Indian Fiction by Women: A Study of Bharati Mukherjee, Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, Shashi Deshpande and Sunltl Namjoshi. PhD dissertation, Mahatma Gandhi University (India), 2002. Cvetanovic, Ivan V. The Search for Pre-Adam: The Mythopoetic Dimension in “Dictionary of the Khazars,” by M. Pavić. PhD dissertation, University of Illinois at Chicago (USA), 2002. Dang, Steven R. Creating Cosmopolis: The End of Mainstream. MA in Planning, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2002. Dawn, Leslie Allan. How Canada Stole the Idea of Native Art: The Group of Seven and Images of the Indian in the

1920’s. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2002. Del Vecchio, Laura M. Archetypal Female Figures in the Works of Bartolomé de Torres Naharro and Other Renaissance Spanish and Italian Dramatists. PhD dissertation, SUNY, Buffalo (USA), 2002. Deshmane, Chetan Murlidhar. Wallace Stevens: A Lacanian Reading. PhD dissertation, Savitribai Phule Pune University (India), 2002. Doijode, Chitra D. The Poetry of Sylvia Plath and Kamala Das: A Study in the Mythological Elements. PhD dissertation, Karnatak University (India), 2002. Dreher, Gudrum. Stories Are Maps, Songs Are Caches and Trails: The Verbal Art of Haayas, Kingagwaaw, Gumsiiwa, Ghandl and Skaay—Five Master Mythtellers from Haida Gwaii. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2002. Dudink, Peter. Hoax, Parody, and Conservatism in Harry Potter. MA thesis, University of Waterloo (Canada), 2002. Duresh, J.G. Memory of the Soul in Parsi Emigrant Fiction: A Reading of Rohinton Mistry Boman Desai and Farrukh Dhondy. PhD dissertation, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University (India), 2002. Fernandes, Maria Suzette Francisca. La conscience post-coloniale chez Rushdie et Ben Jelloun: Une étude comparée [Postcolonial Consciousness in Rushdie and Ben Jelloun: A Comparative Study]. PhD dissertation, Goa University (India), 2002. Gordon, Neta. Charted Territory: Women Writing Genealogy in Recent Canadian Fiction. PhD dissertation, Queen’s University (Canada), 2002. Green, Patricia Wilson. William Blake Addresses England as “the Other” in Plate 27, “To the Jews” of “Jerusalem.” MA thesis, University of Houston (USA), 2002. Grubisic, Brett Josef. Encountering ‘this season’s retrieval’: Historical Fiction, Literary Postmodernism and the Novels of Peter Ackroyd. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2002. Gupta, Savitri. Udaya Prakash ki rachnanubhooti vikas aur vishleshan [Uday Prakash’s Rationalization and Analysis]. PhD dissertation, University of Burdwan (India), 2002. In Hindi. Haltrin Khalturina, Elena V. “Uncouth Shapes” and Sublime Human Forms of Wordsworth’s The Prelude in the Light of Berdyaev’s Personalistic Philosophy of Freedom. PhD dissertation, Louisiana State University in Shreveport (USA), 2002. Inestrillas, María del. Exilio, memoria y autorrepresentación: La escritura autobiográfica de María Zambrano, María Teresa León y Rosa Chacel [Exile, Memory, and Self-Representation: The Autobiographical Writing of María Zambrano, María Teresa León, and Rosa

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Chacel]. PhD dissertation, Ohio State University (USA), 2002. In Spanish. Kala, A. The Hindu Vision: A Comparative Study of Select Writings of Raja Rao and L.S. Ramamirtham. PhD dissertation, Pondicherry University (India), 2002. Kamala, R. The Novels of John Wain as Comedies of Discontent. PhD dissertation, University of Kerala (India), 2002. Klujber, Anita Rita. Snow and Window: Archetypes of Imagination. PhD dissertation, University of Cambridge (United Kingdom), 2002. Kretchmar, Joshua Benjamin. Professional Mapping: Epistemic Modes and Ideologies of Critique. PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Arlington (USA), 2002. Kumar, Anish K.S. Search for a Viable Human World: A Study of Margaret Atwood’s Selected Poems. PhD dissertation, Bharathidasan University (India), 2002. Kurup, Subhash. Epic Vision in Milton and Aurobindo: A Study Based on “Paradise Lost” and “Savitri.” PhD dissertation, Mahatma Gandhi University (India), 2002. Larsen, Karsten Rimmer. Myten i mennesket—mennesket i myten: Hvad Claude Lévi-Strauss, George Lakoff og Northrop Frye kan bibringe hinanden [The Myth of Man—the Man in the Myth: What Claude Lévi-Strauss, George Lakoff, and Northrop Frye Can Bring to Each Other]. PhD dissertation, Syddansk Universitet, Center for Litteraturvidenskab og Semiotik (Denmark), 2002. In Danish. Lewis, Alan. Shakespearean Subjectivity: Scenes of Desire, Scenes of Writing. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2002. Ma, Yunfei. The Archetypal Symbolism of Hemingway’s “A Farewell to Arms.” MA thesis, Northwest Normal University (China), 2002. In Chinese. Manivasagan, R. The Dialectics of Utopia in the Science Fiction of H.G. Wells, C.S. Lewis, and Ursula K. Le Guin, PhD dissertation, Bharathidasan University (India), 2002. Manoj, S. Reductive Theory and Vital Hermeneutics: An Interpretation of the Critical Writings of Geoffrey Hartman. PhD dissertation, Mahatma Gandhi University (India), 2002. Manorama Vinitha, M. Luke’s Gospel as Story: A Narrative Critical Approach. PhD dissertation, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University (India), 2002. Morra, Linda. Re-viewing the Cultural Landscape: Representations of Land in Ralph Connor, Tom Thompson, the Group of Seven, and Emily Carr. PhD dissertation, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. Murnik, Maja. Teoretske osnove literarne vede po Northropu Fryeu: Diplomsko delo B [Theoretical Basis of Literary Science by Northrop Frye: Thesis B]. PhD dissertation, University of Ljubljana (Slovenia), 2002. In Slovenian.

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Padma, B. Towards Female Empowerment: A Study of the Selected Plays of Carol Bolt, Sharon Pollock, and Margaret Hollingsworth. PhD dissertation, Bharathidasan University (India), 2002. Paul, S. Titus. Aspects of the Book of Job: A Study. PhD dissertation, Sri Krishnadevaraya University (India), 2002. Pentikäinen, Johanna. Myytit ja myyttisyys Paavo Haavikon teoksissa “Kaksikymmentä ja yksi,” “Rauta-aika” ja “Kullervon tarina” [Myths and Mythology in Paavo Haavik’s “Twenty and One,” “Iron Time,” and “The Story of Kullervo”]. Doctoral thesis, University of Helsinki (Finland), 2002. In Finnish. Potts, Diane. Inside On-line: Interaction and Community in Graduate Students’ Use of Computer-Mediated Communication. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2002. Prokhorov, Alexander V. Inherited Discourse: Stalinist Tropes in Thaw Culture. PhD dissertation, University of Pittsburgh (USA), 2002. Rae, Ian. Unframing the Novel: From Ondaatje to Carson. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2002. Roksandic, Ivan. The Ouroboros Seizes Its Tale: Strategies of Mythopoeia in Narrative Fiction from the Mid-Fifties to the Mid-Seventies: Six Examples. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada). Roy, Anandamoy. Poets of Childhood: A Study of William Blake and Rabindra Nath Tagor. PhD dissertation, University of North Bengal (India), 2002. Rudkin, Kathy. Of Oracles and Beliefs: Accounting as a Mythological Construction of and for Social Order. An Ethnography of a New South Wales Primary School. PhD dissertation, University of Wollongong (Australia), 2002. Schade, Lisa J. How Does It Mean? Literary Theory as Metacognitive Reading Strategy in the High School English Classroom. PhD dissertation, Western Michigan University (USA). Stigar, Petter. Trond Kverno’s “St. Matthew Passion”: A Semiological Study. Dr. Philos., University of Bergen (Norway), 2002. In Norwegian. Tapley, Lance. A Universal and Free Human Nature: Montaigne, Thoreau, and the Essay Genre. MA thesis, University of Maine (USA), 2002. Thankachi, Indira P. Epic Theme in the Malayalam Novel. PhD dissertation, University of Kerala (India), 2002. Thorvaldsen, Bernt Øyvind. Mogr átta møðra ok einnar Mytane om Heimdallr i lys av førestellingar om slektskap. MA thesis, University of Bergen (Norway), 2002. In Norwegian. Vassiliou, Likourgos James. Spirit Matter(s): Post-Dualistic Representations of Spirituality in Fiction by Walker Percy, Toni Morrison and Gloria Naylor. MA thesis, Louisiana State University in Shreveport (USA), 2002.

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The Reception of Northrop Frye

Vattamány, Gyula Viktor. A túl(-)élő reménység: vázlat a sensus numinis retorikájáról: Spes Superfutura: An Outline of the Rhetoric of the Sensus Numinis [Beyond (-) Living Hope: An Outline of the Rhetoric of the Sensus Numinis]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Debrecen (Hungary), 2002. In Hungarian. Velaidum, Joseph. Axis Mundi: The Spiritual Journey of Consciousness in the Thought of Northrop Frye. PhD dissertation, McMaster University (Canada), 2002. Villachan-Lyra, Pompãia. Estilos de apego, peculiaridades interacionais e a aquisiãão da teoria da mente. [Attachment Styles, Interactional Peculiarities, and the Acquisition of the Theory of Mind]. MA thesis, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco—UFPE (Brazil), 2002. In Portuguese. Warshawsky, Matthew David. Longing for Justice. PhD dissertation, Ohio State University (USA), 2002. Wong, Man-ki. Intertextual Variations: A Contrastive Study of Ellis Cornelia Knight, Angela Carter, Marina Warner and Paula Rego. M.Phil. thesis, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 2002. Yang, Jianjun. On Frye’s Theory of Myth. MA thesis, Shandong Normal University (China). In Chinese. Yang, Wei. Frye and Biblical Literary Studies. MA thesis, Henan University (China). In Chinese. Yang, Ya-Chuan. The Usage of First Person Narrative in the Novels of Wu Jianren and Lu hsun. Graduate thesis, National Sun Yat-Sen University (Taiwan), 2002. Youngkin, Molly. Men Writing Women: Male Authorship, Narrative Strategies, and Woman’s Agency in the Late-Victorian Novel. PhD dissertation, Ohio State University (USA), 2002. Zhang, David. An Analysis of Archetypes and Archetypal Criticism. MA thesis, Northeast Normal University (China), 2002. In Chinese. Zhangsu, Mei. On Frye’s Literary Criticism. MA thesis, Xinjiang University (China), 2002. In Chinese. 2003 Abma, Annette Corinne. Figures of Mind in the Poetry of W.B. Yeats and Wallace Stevens. PhD dissertation, McMaster University (Canada), 2003. Adams, Jonathan Neil. Interference Patterns: Literary Study, Scientific Knowledge, and Disciplinary Autonomy after the Two Cultures. PhD dissertation, University of Durham (United Kingdom), 2003. Allegrezza, William. Politicizing the Reader in the American Lyric-Epic: Walt Whitman’s Leaves of Grass and Pablo Neruda’s Canto General. PhD dissertation, Louisiana State University (USA), 2003. Barringer, Bobby Dewayne, Jr. Academic Questions: The Problems of Realism and the Form of Ambivalence in Barth, Lurie, and Bradbury. PhD dissertation, University of Denver (USA), 2003.

Bolzani, Márcia Cristina de Lima Aguillar. Significação dialógica do messianismo em vereda da salvação de Jorge Andrade [Dialogical Meaning of Messianism in the Path of Salvation of Jorge Andrade]. PhD dissertation, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (Brazi), 2003. In Portuguese. Bondar, Alanna F. Greening the Green Space: Exploring the Emergence of Canadian Ecological Literature through Ecofeminist and Ecocritical Perspectives. PhD dissertation, Memorial University of Newfoundland (Canada), 2003. Bragard, Véronique. Voyages into Coolitude: A Comparative and Textual Analysis of Kala Pani Women’s Cross-Cultural Creative Memory. PhD dissertation, Université catholique de Louvain (Belgium), 2003. Brawley, Christopher S. The Sacramental Vision: Mythopoeic Imagination and Ecology in Coleridge, MacDonald, Lewis, and Tolkien. PhD dissertation, Florida State University (USA), 2003. Brax, Klaus. The Poetics of Mystery: Genre, Representation, and Narrative Ethics in John Fowles’s Historical Fiction. PhD dissertation, University of Helsinki (Finland), 2003. Buckingham, Mary. Gaze Toward Paradise: Hart Crane and the Poetry of Quest. PhD dissertation, University of Durham (United Kingdom), 2003. By, Ye. Literature and Anthropology: Knowledge of the Globalization of Literary Study. PhD dissertation, Sichuan University (China), 2003. In Chinese. Caowan, Sheng. The Poetry of Western and Chinese Modernism. PhD dissertation, Sichuan University (China), 2003. In Chinese. Chang, Shiow-Jane. The Research of Lu Chiou’s Son of Human Being. MA thesis, National Sun Yat-Sen University (Taiwan), 2003. Cheng, Hong. Bestiality, Animality, and Humanity: A Study of the Animal Poems by D.H. Lawrence and Ted Hughes in Their Historical and Cultural Contexts. PhD dissertation, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 2003. Christensen, Cheryl Ann. Music and Text: Interpretation, Melodic Motive, and the Narrative Path in Edvard Grieg’s Haugtussa, Op. 67. PhD dissertation, University of Texas (USA), 2003. Comeau, Allison. The Clan: Screenplay & Short Story. MA thesis, University of New Brunswick (Canada), 2003. Corrigan, Patricia Anne. Seeing with Others’ Eyes: Patterns of Imposition and Freedom in Shakespeare’s Comedies. PhD dissertation, University of Cincinnati (USA), 2003. Damstra, David A. The Trials of Romance in the English Renaissance. PhD dissertation, New York University (USA), 2003. Donaldson, Eileen. The Amazon Goes Nova: Considering the Female Hero in Speculative Fiction. MA thesis, University of Pretoria (South Africa), 2003.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Fatemi, Sayyed Mohsen. Reflections of a Language Educator: (Dissonant Discourses, Creative Language, Mindful Expressiveness and Their Implications for Language Education). PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2003. Ferraro-Osorio, Maria Herminia. Littérature ludique et problématique auctoriale: Le cas du roman collectif La muerte hace buena letra [Comic Literature and Authorial Issues: The Case of the Collective Novel La muerte hace buena letra]. Doctoral dissertation, Université Stendhal (Grenoble) (France), 2003. In French. Gaetz, Ivan. An Exploration and Expansion of Bernard Lonergan’s Intentionalty [sic] Analysis for Educational Philosophy. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2003. Gasques, Antonio Eduardo Galhardo. Um estudo simbólico: O paraíso em o primo Basílio e o cemitério em “venha ver o pôr-do-sol” [A Symbolic Study: Paradise in The Cousin Basílio and the Cemetery in Come and See the Sunset]. Doctoral dissertation, University of São Paulo (Brazil), 2003. Genetsch, Martin. Difference and Identity in Contemporary Anglo-Canadian Fiction. Doctoral dissertation, University of Trier (Germany), 2003. Gill, Glen Robert. Northrop Frye and the Phenomenology of Myth. PhD dissertation, McMaster University (Canada), 2003. Gingrich, Randy Scott. Responding to the Call To Teach: Preservice Teachers’ Case Stories of Teaching English and Language Arts. PhD dissertation, Ohio State University (USA), 2003. Green, Teresa Kathleen. Modern Mortals and Emergent Goddesses: Rewriting Myth in Contemporary Canadian Literature. MA thesis, University of Calgary (Canada), 2003. Grekul, Lisa. Re-placing Ethnicity: Literature in English by Canada’s Ukrainians. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2003. Hamilton, Mark. Northrop Frye Goes to the Movies. PhD dissertation, Florida State University (USA), 2003. Hedler, Elizabeth, Stories of Canada: National Identity in Late-Nineteenth-Century English-Canadian Fiction. MA thesis, University of Maine (USA), 2003. Hoelker, Florentine. Menippean Satire as a Genre: Tradition, Form, and Function in the 17th and 18th Centuries. PhD dissertation, Loyola University of Chicago (USA), 2003. Ismail, Mohammed K. Historical Forces and Sociological Perspective in the Novels of Hugh MacLennan. PhD dissertation, University of Calicut (India), 2003. Janssen, Sabine. Comme un roman policier: Daniel Pennacs Malaussène-Serie als eine Spielart des Kriminalromans [Like a Thriller: Daniel Pennac’s Malaussène-Saga as a

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Variation of the Crime Novel]. PhD dissertation, Universität Duisburg-Essen (Germany), 2003. In French. Key, Harrison Scott. The Prodigal Cycle: A Playwriting Paradigm of Nature and Grace. PhD dissertation, Southern Illinois University (USA), 2003. Lalitha, P.R. Allegory in the Plays of Sam Shepard. PhD dissertation, University of Calicut (India), 2003. Lee, Joon-Hyup. A Study of the Possibility of the Theological Criticism in North Korea: Focusing on Northrop Frye’s Theory of Literary Criticism. MA thesis, Methodist Theological Seminary Graduate School, Seoul (South Korea), 2003. Li, Zhengwei. Archetypal Criticism from the Perspective of Its Form. MA thesis, Shandong Normal University (China), 2003. In Chinese. Lin, Hsiao-ying. The Storyteller and the Story Told: Charlotte Bronte as a Fictional Autobiographer. MA thesis, National Sun Yat-Sen University (Taiwan), 2003. Lublin, Robert I. Costuming the Shakespearean Stage: Visual Codes of Representation in Early Modern Theatre and Culture. PhD dissertation, Ohio State University (USA), 2003. McDonald, Scott Hayward. Poetic Justice: The Paradox of Plato as Poet and Its Implications for a Defense of Literature. MA thesis, University of Toronto (Canada), 2003. McDowall, Matthew Lewis. What Choice? Subculture Films, Naturalization, and the Postmodern Condition. MA thesis, Washington State University (USA), 2003. Marín Ureña, José Manuel. La figura del ángel en la generación del 27 [The Figure of the Angel in the Generation of 27]. PhD dissertation, Universidad de Murcia (Spain), 2003. In Spanish. Meoni, Alessandra. “The Dirtiest Predator of All”—Irving Layton e l’uomo modern. Tesi di Laurea, Università degli Studi di Pisa (Italy), 2003. Møller, Jes Fabricius. Biologismer. PhD dissertation, University of Copenhagen (Denmark), 2003. In Danish. Moody, Kathryn Irene. A Twice-told Gothic Romance: The Anatomical Differences in Jules Barbey D’Aurevilly’s “L’ensorcelée” and Emily Brontë’s “Wuthering Heights.” MA thesis, University of Florida (USA), 2003. Morton, Sheila Ann. Satire’s Liminal Space: The Conservative Function of Eighteenth-Century Satiric Drama. MA thesis, Brigham Young University (USA), 2003. Nair, Anikta. Psychic Patterns in Space: Science Fiction of Doris Lessing and Ursula K. LeGuin. PhD dissertation, Mahatma Gandhi University (India), 2003. Nalini, S. Fact and Fiction: A Critical Study of the Autobiographies of James Weldon Johnson, Claude McKay, Langston Hughes, and Richard Wright. PhD dissertation, Bharathiar University (India), 2003. Nesbitt, William. Bone Machines: Hotrods, Hypertextualtiy, and Industrialism. PhD dissertation, Florida State University (USA), 2003.

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Pal, Aniruddha. Paratext and Interpretation of Fiction. PhD dissertation, The English and Foreign Languages University, Hyderabad (India), 2003. Petty, Leslie Ellen. Romancing the Vote: Feminist Activism in American Fiction, 1870–1920. PhD dissertation, University of Georgia (USA), 2003. Phi, Ylăng Nguyên. Antonine Maillet and the Mythological Universe of the Bible: An Analysis according to Northrop Frye. PhD dissertation, University of Moncton (Canada), 2003. Porter, Peter S. Menippus at the Movies: A Theory of Menippeanism in Motion Pictures. PhD dissertation, Wayne State University (USA), 2003. Rennie, Alistair. Stevenson, Frye, and the Structure of Romance. PhD dissertation, University of Edinburgh (Scotland), 2003. Roque de Oliveira, Francisco M. A construção do conhecimento europeu sobre a China, c. 1500– c. 1630: Impressos e manuscritos que revelaram o mundo chinês à Europa culta [The Construction of European Knowledge on China, c. 1500–c. 1630. Prints and Manuscripts That Revealed the Chinese World to Cultured Europe]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain), 2003. In Portuguese. Rorabeck, Robert. Tolkien’s Heroic Criticism: A Developing Application of Anglo-Saxon Ofermod to the Monsters of Modernity. MA thesis, Florida State University (USA), 2003. Sanburn, Keri Elizabeth. The Indexing of Medieval Women: The Feminine Tradition of Medical Wisdom in Anglo-Saxon England and the Metrical Charms. MA thesis, Florida State University (USA), 2003. Sias, Jennifer. Telling God’s Sanction: Storytelling in the Narrative Journalism, Memoirs and Creative Nonfiction of Rick Bragg. MA thesis, Marshall University (USA), 2003. Singh, Shashikala. The Plays of Tennessee Williams: A Study in Theme and Structure. PhD dissertation, V.B.S. Purvanchal University (India), 2003. Solaz Frasquet, Lucía. Tim Burton y la construcción del universo fantástico [Tim Burton and the Construction of the Fantastic Universe]. PhD dissertation, Universitat de València (Spain), 2003. In Catalan. Strickland, Jeffery Glenn. Ethnicity and Race in the Urban South: German immigrants and African Americans in Charleston South Carolina during Reconstruction. PhD dissertation, Florida State University (USA), 2003. A Study of the Possibility of the Theology of Northrop Frye, Focusing on His Literary Theory. MA thesis, Methodist Theological University Graduate School, Seoul (Korea), 2003. In Korean. Swift, Charles L. “I Have Dreamed a Dream”: Typological Images of Teaching and Learning in the Vision of the

Tree of Life. PhD dissertation, Brigham Young University (USA), 2003. Taylor, Virginia Christine. Ballerinas in the Church Hall: Ideologies of Femininity, Ballet, and Dancing Schools. PhD dissertation, University of Southampton (United Kingdom), 2003. Tóth, Sára. A képzelet másik oldala: Irodalom és vallás Northrop Frye kritikai munkásságan [The Other Side of the Imagination: Literature and Religion in the Critical Works of Northrop Frye]. PhD dissertation, Eötvös Loránd University (Hungary), 2003. In Hungarian. Tupman, Tracy Ward. Theatre Magick: Aleister Crowley and the Rites of Eleusis. PhD dissertation, Ohio State University (USA), 2003. Undurraga, Jaime Esteban. Intrusion of Buildings in Natural Environments: Identifying the New Environmental Change Regime. Master of Advanced Studies in Architecture thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2003. Vilahomat, José R. Ficción de racionalidad: La memoria como operador mítico en las estéticas polares de Jorge Luis Borges y José Lezama Lima [Rationality Fiction: Memory as a Mythical Operator in the Polar Aesthetics of Jorge Luis Borges and José Lezama Lima]. PhD dissertation, Florida International University (USA), 2003. In Spanish. Wade, Spencer. The Development of Illness Narrative in a Structured Cancer Group. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2003. Wheeler, Geraldine Jean. Visual Art, the Artist and Worship in the Reformed Tradition: A Theological Study. PhD dissertation, Australian Catholic University (Australia), 2003. White, Karyn Alease. Marked for Death: The Romance of “Romeo and Juliet.” MA thesis, California State University, Dominguez Hills (USA), 2003. Wood, Brent Donald. Approaching Spirit: Myth, Metaphor and Technique in the Poetry of Avison, Nichol and MacEwen. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2003. Xiaoming, Yi. “Cultural Unconscious.” PhD dissertation, Renmin University of China (China), 2003. Zelaquett, Andréa Garcia. O lúdico no discurso poético de Bartolomeu Campos Queirós [The Ludic in the Poetic Speech of Bartolomeu Campos Queirós]. MA thesis, Universidade Federal do Parana (Brazil), 2003. In Portuguese. Zeni, Luisa. Northrop Frye and Immanuel Kant: The Emancipatory Roles of Reason and the Imagination. MA thesis, University of Toronto (Canada), 2003. Zhang, Bo. Biblical Archetypes in Faulkner’s Novels. MA thesis, Shanghai Normal University (China), 2003. In Chinese.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Zhang, Sumei. On Frye’s Literary Criticism. MA thesis, Xinjiang University (China), 2003. 2004 Aguilar Giménez, Antonio. Retórica y post-estructuralismo: Introducción a la materialidad del lenguaje en teoría de la literatura [Rhetoric and Post-Structuralism: Introduction to the Materiality of Language in Literary Theory]. PhD dissertation, Universitat de València (Spain), 2004. In Spanish. Ahmed, Jawed S. Elements of Satire and Irony in the Major Works of George Orwell. PhD dissertation, Aligarh Muslim University (India), 2004. Basharina, Olga. An Activity System Analysis of International Telecollaboration: Contexts, Contradictions and Learning. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2004. Beura, Madan Mohan. A Study of Anti-Humanistic Paradigms in Contemporary Criticism with Special Reference to Structuralism and Post-Structuralism. PhD dissertation, Utkal University (India), 2004. Borse, Gregory Alan. William Faulkner and the Oral Text. PhD dissertation, Louisiana State University, 2004. Bovim, Einar Jordheim. “Ikkje tenke på det andre no”: Mimesis eller “det andre” i de tre siste episke verkene til Tarjei Vesaas? [“Don’t Think about the Other One”: Mimesis or “the Other” in the Last Three Epic Works of Tarjei Vesaas?]. MA thesis, University of Bergen (Norway), 2004. In Norwegian. Boyd, J. Caleb. Southernness, Not Otherness: The Community of the American South in New Southern Gothic Drama. PhD dissertation, Florida State University (USA), 2004. Budd, Adam Russell. Sensibility in Practice: Studies in an Emergent Literary Mode, 1740–1748 (David Hume, John Armstrong, Samuel Richardson). PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2004. Caplinger, James C. Oz Wide Shut: An Exploration of Gender and Master Narratives in Stanley Kubrick’s Final Film. PhD dissertation, Ohio University (USA), 2004. Chang, Hao. The Narrative Structure of Silas Marner. MA thesis, Hebei University (China), 2004. Chen, Suelien. Marketing Terror: Gothic Spectrality in The Mysteries of Udolpho, The Monk, Frankenstein, and Melmoth, the Wanderer. MA thesis, National Sun Yat-Sen University (Taiwan), 2004. Choi, Jae-Oh. Voicing Back: The Poetics and Politics of Ping Chong’s Ethno-Historiographic Fables. PhD dissertation, University of Pittsburgh (USA), 2004. Das, Pauline. The Politics of Survival in the Novels of Margaret Atwood. PhD dissertation, Bharathiar University (India), 2004. David, Eve-Marie Julia. Rituel du retour dans l’oeuvre de Gabrielle Roy [Ritual of the Return in the Work of

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Gabrielle Roy]. MA thesis, Brigham Young University (USA), 2004. In French. Dengqi, Ping. The Enlightening Spirit in Modern Chinese Historical Drama. PhD dissertation, Nanjing University, Theater and Opera (China), 2004. In Chinese. Desiderio, Jennifer A. “To Collect, Digest, and Arrange”: Authorship in the Early American Republic, 1792–1801. PhD dissertation, Ohio State University (USA), 2004. Dèsy-Giguére, Denyse. Souvenirs et récits autobiographiques, suivis de, Essai sur l’intertextualité et les palimpsestes dans les nouvelles du présent recueil [Autobiographical Memories and Accounts, Followed by an Essay on Intertextuality and Palimpsests in the Short Stories in this Collection. PhD dissertation, Université Laval(Canada), 2004. Dudhale, Babasaheb G. The Theme of Alienation as Reflected in T.S. Eliot’s Plays. PhD dissertation, Shivaji University (India), 2004. Duus, Adele Lærum. Rabulist i store sko Komedie, modernisme og realisme i Pippi Langstrømpe [Rabulist in Big Shoes Comedy, Modernism and Realism in Pippi Longstocking]. MA thesis, University of Bergen (Norway), 2004. In Norwegian. Egan, Kevin. Justice for the Dead: Schemes of Transformation through Phrase Hermeneutics. PhD dissertation, Yale University (USA), 2004. Gustafson, Melissa Brown. The Valuation of Literature: Triangulating the Rhetorical with the Economic Metaphor. MA thesis, Brigham Young University (USA), 2004. Hack, George O. Effects of a Narrative Instructional Strategy on Knowledge Acquisition and Retention from a Nutrition Education Video. PhD dissertation, University of Florida (USA), 2004. Hanlon, Barry. “Wheel within wheel”: The “Mystics” of William Blake. MA thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland (Canada), 2004. Hao, Yichang. The Narrative Structure of “Silas Marner.” MA thesis, Hebei University (China), 2004. In Chinese. Hartley, Brian T. “Narratio Reformationis”: The Elizabethan Homilies and the Problem of Authority in the “Ecclesia Anglicana.” PhD dissertation, St. Louis University (USA), 2004. Huang, Jing-yun. Towards a Feminine/Feminist/Female Discourse of Virginia Woolf. PhD dissertation, National Sun Yat-Sen University (Taiwan), 2004. Huang, Nianxin. Art of Polyphony, a Study of Fiction by Wong Bik Wan (1961–). PhD dissertation, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 2004. Kamra, Madhoo. Linguistic Stylistic Appraisal of the Short Fiction in the Commonwealth Countries with Special Reference to Katherine Mansfield. PhD dissertation, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University (India), 2004.

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The Reception of Northrop Frye

Krauss, Amanda Neill. “Untaming the Shrew: Marriage, Morality and Plautine Comedy.” PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Austin (USA), 2004. Kyser, Kristina. Reading Canada Biblically: A Study of Biblical Allusion and the Construction of Nation in Contemporary Canadian Writing (Thomas King, Yann Martel, Rohinton Mistry, Michael Ondaatje). PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2004. Lanthier, Cybele. Within New Worlds: Some of the Difficulties and Challenges of Translating Two of Pierre Nepveu’s Literary Essays. MA thesis. Concordia University (Canada), 2004. Lau, Kin-wai. Reading the Modern City, Reading Joyce and Eliot: A Study of Flânerie in Literary Representation. M.Phil. thesis, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 2004. Lee, Seung Wei. Fall––Alert––Salvation [Frye’s Archetypal Theory Applied to Lord of the Flies]. MA thesis, Northwest Normal University (China), 2004. In Chinese. Lin, Zhou Jing. On the Archetypes of Golding’s “Lord of the Flies.” MA thesis, Liaoning Normal University (China), 2004. In Chinese. Ling, Mee Lain. Methodology of Decolonizing Gender and International Development: A View from China. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2004. Little, Michael Robert. Novel Affirmations: Defending Literary Culture in the Fiction of David Foster Wallace, Jonathan Franzen, and Richard Powers. PhD dissertation, Texas A&M University (USA), 2004. Liu, Hoi-ying April. Schubert and Loewe’s Lieder to Stanzaic Poems by Goethe. M.Phil. thesis, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 2004. Madran, Cumhur Yýlmaz. An Archetypal Analysis of E.M. Forster’s Fiction. PhD dissertation, Middle East Technical University (Turkey), 2004. Martínez-Samo, José Agustín. History and Literature: Recuperation, Renovation and Diversity of the Historical Novel in Democratic Spain (1980–1995). PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Austin (USA), 2004. Mayamalini, T.S. The Application of Imagery in Malayalam Short Story: A Study Based on the Stories of M.T., O.V. Vijayan, M. Mukundan, Sethu. PhD dissertation, Mahatma Gandhi University (India), 2004. In Malayalam. Millard, Gregory. Secession and Self: Affirming Quebec in Canadian Thought. PhD dissertation, Queen’s University (Canada), 2004. Morrill, Richard Brooke. “Warriors of the Working-day”: Class in Shakespeare’s Second Historical Trilogy. MA thesis, University of Maine (USA), 2004. Nair, Asha K. Reductionism to Restoration: Geoffrey Hartman and Harold Bloom as Critics. PhD dissertation, University of Kerala (India), 2004.

Ornellas Clara Ávila. O conto na obra de João Antônio: uma poética da exclusão [The Tale in the Work of João Antônio: A Poetics of Exclusion]. PhD dissertation, University of São Paulo (Brazil), 2004. In Portuguese. Palmieri, David. The Philosopher and the Literary Critic: Eric Voegelin and Northrop Frye. PhD dissertation, Université de Montréal (Canada), 2004. Parsons, Linda T. Fourth Graders as Co-Researchers of Their Engaged, Aesthetic Reading Experience. PhD dissertation, Ohio State University (USA), 2004. Pearce, Christopher Patrick. Terms of Corruption: Samuel Johnson’s “Dictionary” in Its Contexts. PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Austin (USA), 2004. Pearson, Wendy Gay. Calling Home: Queer Responses to Discourses of Nation and Citizenship in Contemporary Canadian Literary and Visual Culture. PhD dissertation, University of Wollongong (Australia), 2004. Radford, Kathryn A. Picking Brains: Hannibal Lecter and the Cannibal Myth in Twentieth-Century Western Literature. PhD dissertation, Université de Montréal (Canada), 2004. Relyea, Lane. Model Citizens and Perfect Strangers: American Painting and Its Different Modes of Address, 1958–1965. PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Austin (USA), 2004. Roddy, Harry Louis. Germany’s Poetic Miscreants on the Road from Beat Poetics to Rolf Dieter Brinkmann, Nicolas Born and Jürgen Theobaldy. PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Austin (USA), 2004. Ross, Derek Gilbert. The Social Role of Popularized Science. MA thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (USA), 2004. Roy, Patricia. Shakespeare’s Midsummer Fairies: Shadows and Shamen of the Forest. MA thesis, University of South Florida (USA), 2004. Savilonis, Margaret Frances. “give us the history we haven’t had, make us the women we can’t be”: Motherhood and History in Plays by Caryl Churchill and Pam Gems, 1976–1984. PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Austin (USA), 2004. Seifarth, Joerg. Souvenir. Geschichtsbilder und Identitätsreferenzen im Kontext von Sprache und Nationalkultur (Québec). PhD dissertation, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin (Germany), 2004. In German. Selvaraj, D. Socio-Religious Vision in the Select Novels of Rudy Wiebe. PhD dissertation, Bharathidasan University (India), 2004. Sepúlveda, Patricia Mompó. La representación de las relaciones hispano-musulmanas retrato del moro en el siglo XVI en El Abencerraje y A la sombra del granado [The Representation of Hispanic-Muslim Portrait of the Moor in the Sixteenth Century in The Abencerraje and

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

In the Shadow of the Pomegranate. MA thesis, University of Georgia (USA), 2004. In Spanish. Shobha, M. Signs of Meaning in Morely Callaghan’s Fiction: A Reconstruction of Canadian Identity. PhD dissertation, University of Mysore (India), 2004. Smith, Dale. Present as Past: Forms of Contemporary History in Britain, 1750—1835. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2004. Sobana, S. The Paradox of Freedom: Recovery as Self-Discovery in Margaret Laurence’s Short Story Collections: The Tomorrow-Tamer and A Bird in the House. PhD dissertation, Bharathidasan University (India), 2004. Stacey, Robert David. Georgic, Pastoral, and the Ambivalence of History: Reading Expectation and Uncertainty in Canadian Historical Fiction. PhD dissertation, York University (Canada), 2004. Su, Shouyu. Puritanism and Mysticism: An Archetypal Analysis of Hawthorne’s “The Scarlet Letter.” MA thesis, Shanghai International Studies University (China), 2004. In Chinese. Swamy, Sumathy K. The Theme of Quest for Identity in the Novels of Margaret Laurence. PhD dissertation, Bharathiar University (India), 2004. Tao, Xiang Lu. Exploring Frye’s Theory of the Five Levels of Criticism. MA thesis, Hebei Normal University (China), 2004. In Chinese. Templeton, Michael W. Poetic Confrontations with the Real: The British Romantic Period and Spaces of Literary/ Political Conflict. PhD dissertation, Miami University (Ohio) (USA), 2004. Thakur, Vinod Kumar. Postcolonialism and the Theme of Partition: A Study of Select Indian English Novels. PhD dissertation, Himachal Pradesh University (India), 2004. Tichang, Hao. The Narrative Structure of The Story of Weaver Ma Nan. MA thesis, He Bei University (China), 2004. In Chinese. Treat, Shaun Robert. The Myth of Charismatic Leadership and Rhetoric of Crypto-Charismatic Membership. PhD dissertation, Louisiana State University in Shreveport (USA), 2004. Tso, Yihsuan. Interpoetics: Responses to Issues in Taiwanese and American Poetry, 1980–2002. PhD dissertation, University of Georgia (USA), 2004. Wagner, Alan Monroe. Perspectives on the Book of Jonah. MA thesis, University of Georgia (USA), 2004. Wang, Jinfang. Myth and Archetype. MA thesis, Northwestern University (China), 2004. In Chinese. Wilder, Lance Jason. Dark Wanderers: Gypsies in Nineteenth-Century British Poetry. PhD dissertation, University of Georgia (USA), 2004. Wong, Chun-chi. Je est un autre: Multiple Selves in Autobiographical Fictions. M.Phil. thesis, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 2004.

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Wong, Katrine K. Aspects of Music in Shakespearean Drama. M.Phil. thesis, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 2004. Xianglu, Tao. On the Hierarchical Theory of Criticism in Western Literature—From the Middle Ages to Northrop Frye to Structuralism. MA thesis, Hebei Normal University (China), 2004. In Chinese. Zaldivar, Molly Mezzetti. Boccaccio and Romance. MA thesis, University of Texas at Austin (USA), 2004. Zhang, Xue. Frye’s Mythic-Archetypal Criticism. MA thesis, Sichuan University (China), 2004. In Chinese. Zheng, Ming Fang. The Tragic Vision in Jia Pingwa’s Four Novels of the 1990s. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2004. 2005 Anderson, Jerome Bradford. New World Romance and Authorship. PhD dissertation, Yale University (USA), 2005. Arlotta, Paola, et al. Análisis crítico del tercer ensayo de “Anatomía de la crítica” [Critical Analysis of the Third Essay of Anatomy of Criticism] de Northrop Frye]. MA thesis, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (Argentina), 2005. In Spanish. Balasubramanian, Sashikala. John Steinbeck’s Portrayal of the Contributory Effect of Land on the Characters of His California Novels. PhD dissertation, Bharathiar University (India), 2005. Banytė, Inga. Amerikos gyvenimas ir vertybės Johno Updike’o trilogijoje: “Triuši bėk,” “Triušis grįžta,” “Triušis turtingas” [American Life and Values in John Updike’s Trilogy: “Rabbit Run,” “Rabbit Redux,” Rabbit Is Rich”]. MA thesis, Vilnius Pedagogical University (Lithuania), 2005. In Lithuanian. Barron, Alexandra Lynn. Postcolonial Unions: The Queer National Romance in Film and Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Austin (USA), 2005. Bates, Rae. On Sentimentality. PhD dissertation, McGill University (Canada), 2005. Betsy, Sr. A. Josephine Alangara. Collective Creation: A Study of the Treatment of Social, Historical, Political, and Native Issues in Canadian Drama. PhD dissertation, Bharathidasan University (India), 2005. Bricault, Nadia. Prométhée ou l’espérance du néant: Une lecture de “Music-Hall!” de Gaétan Soucy [Prometheus or the Hope of Nothingness: A Reading of “Music Hall” by Gaétan Soucy]. MA thesis, Université Laval (Canada), 2005. In French. Brown, Robert Moren. The Rhetoric of Self-Promotion in Personal Statements. PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Austin (USA), 2005. Cai, Fang. Virginia Woolf’s Feminist Subversion of the Comic Narrative Form. MA thesis, Xiangtan University (China), 2005. In Chinese.

622

The Reception of Northrop Frye

Ceballos Saavedra, Maritza. Las Pasiones: Puesta en escena cinematográfica [The Passions: Cinematic Staging]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain), 2005. In Spanish. Chandra, D. Dorathi. Flowering through the Roots: A Study of Derek Walcott and Nissim Ezekiel. PhD dissertation, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University (India), 2005. Chang, Shi-Bao. Taoist Mythology and the Literary Archetype. MA thesis, National University of Political Science, 2005. Choi, Jae-Oh. Voicing Back: The Poetics and Politics of Ping Chong’s Ethno-Historiographic Fables. MA thesis, University of Pittsburgh (USA), 2005. Chueh, Di-feng. Away from Home: Travel, Nationality, and Identity Crisis in Gulliver’s Travels and Robinson Crusoe. MA thesis, National Sun Yat-sen University (Taiwan), 2005. Clavelle, Karen Anne. Imagine the Prairies. The Garden in Post-Depression Prairie Fiction (Wallace Stegner, Sinclair Ross, Margaret Laurence, W. O. Mitchell, Robert ­Kroetsch). PhD dissertation, University of Manitoba (Canada), 2005. Dean, Marla Kathleen. Recovering Ancient Ritual and the Theatre of the Apache: A Journey through the False ­Consciousness of Western Theatre History. PhD dissertation, Louisiana State University in Shreveport (USA), 2005. Faries, Nathan Charles. The Narratives of Contemporary Chinese Christianity. PhD dissertation, Pennsylvania State University (USA), 2005. Freeman, Glenn J. Lyric Voice and American Democracy PhD dissertation, University of Florida (USA), 2005. Fritz, Marie. The Da Vinci Code: En arketypisk saga: En djupstrukturell studie med didaktisk inriktning. C-level thesis, Högskolan Dalarna/Institutionen för Akademin Humaniora och medier (Sweden), 2005. In Swedish. Gómez Ángel, Brisa. Paul Eluard y España. PhD ­dissertation, Universitat de València (Spain), 2005. In Spanish. Graham, Eunice. “The Great Code”: The Bible as a Unified Work of Literature. MA thesis, California State University, Dominguez Hills (USA), 2005. Hanemann, Cordelia Maxwell. Sites of Resistance: Language, Intertextuality, and Subjectivity in the Poetry of Diane Wakoski. PhD dissertation, Louisiana State University in Shreveport (USA), 2005. Hartig, Andrea S. Literary Landscaping: Re-Reading the Politics of Places in Late Nineteenth-Century Regional and Utopian Literature. PhD dissertation, Miami University (USA), 2005.

Holliday, Valerie Rose. Conspiracy Culture in America after World War II. PhD dissertation, Louisiana State University in Shreveport (USA), 2005. Jacobs, Anthony Richard. Flying in the Face of Convention: “The Heart of Redness” as Rehabilitative of the South African Pastoral Literary Tradition through the Frame of Universal Myth. MA thesis, University of the Western Cape (South Africa), 2005. Jaswal, Neera. Survival Strategies in the Novels of Margaret Laurence. PhD dissertation, Himachal Pradesh University (India), 2005. Javed, Sohaila. Transforming through Education-in-­ Literature: A Hermeneutics of Human Be(com)ing. PhD ­dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2005. Jiang, Xiaoxia. An Archetypal Interpretation of the Three Main Characters of Hardy’s “Tess of the D’Urbervilles.” MA thesis, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies (China), 2005. In Chinese. Kim, Jong Min. Persuasive Modes of the Minor Prophets: A Study of Rhetoric. PhD dissertation, Jawaharlal Nehru University (India), 2005. Korteweg, Lisa Maria. Portals, Practitioners, and Public Knowledge: A Socio-Technical Analysis of Digital Teacher Education. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2005. Lam, Wai-yee. Negotiating Development from Childhood to Young Adulthood in Shakespeare. M.Phil. thesis, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 2005. Lien, Marius. Messias i Hollywood—En religionshistorisk analyse av Independence Day [The Messiah of Hollywood: A Religious History Analysis of Independence Day]. MA thesis, University of Oslo (Norway), 2005. In Norwegian. Llorens Ruiz, Mireia. L’Experiència bèl·lica de Siegfried Sassoon i l’autobiografia de George Sherston: El compromís ètic i la vocació literària [Siegfried Sassoon’s War Experience and George Sherston’s Autobiography: Ethical Commitment and Literary Vocation]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (Spain), 2005. In Catalan. Ma, Kuei-Lan Anna. Symbolist Films: The Metaphorical Expression of Narrative Films. PhD dissertation, Ohio University (USA), 2005. McKenzie, Charles. Maverick Ethos: The Principles and Practice of Post-Identification Rhetoric. PhD dissertation, University of Arizona (USA), 2005. McWilliams, Ian. Themes of Isolation in Saskatchewan Radio Drama. MA thesis, University of Saskatchewan (Canada), 2005. Marbais, Peter Christian. “The fate of this poor woman”: Men, Women, and Intersubjectivity in Moll Flanders and Roxana. PhD dissertation, Kent State University (USA), 2005.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Marcos Vicens, Sixte. Robert Desnos romancier: Théorie et pratique du roman surréaliste des années 1920 [Robert Desnos Novelist: Theory and Practice of the Surrealist Novel of the 1920s]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2005. In French. Matorras, Rosa Maria. Musa del septentrión: A caballo entre dos estéticas [Muse of the Septentrión: between Two Aesthetics]. PhD dissertation, Ohio State University (USA), 2005. In Spanish. Mishra, Rajesh Kumar. The Use of Myth in the Novels of R.K. Narayan. PhD dissertation, V.B.S. Purvanchal University (India), 2005. Mitev, Ariel Zoltán. A társadalmi marketing elméleti és empirius kérdései: Egyete misták alkoholfogyasztási történeteinek narrative elemsése [Theoretical and Empirical Issues of Social Marketing: The Elimination of Alcohol Consumption according to Stories from the Universities]. PhD dissertation, Corvinus University, Budapest (Hungary), 2005. In Hungarian. Molina Jiménez, María Belén. Literatura y Música en el Siglo de Oro Español: Interrelaciones en el Teatro Lírico. [Literature and Music in the Spanish Golden Age: Interrelations in the Lyric Theater]. PhD dissertation, Universidad de Murcia (Spain), 2005. In Spanish. Monje, Maria Pilar. El humor en la poesía de Gloria Fuertes [The Humour in the Poetry of Gloria Fuertes]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (Spain), 2005. In Spanish. Moreira, Francisco Ferreira. As imagens infernais em Os Sertões e Ensaio sobre a Cegueira: Uma leitura mitopoética [The Infernal Images in Os Sertões and Essay on Blindness: A Mythopoetic Reading]. PhD dissertation. Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”— UNESP (Brazil), 2005. In Portuguese. Moreno Álvarez, Alejandra. Deconstrucción literaria de los trastornos de la alimentación y de la cirugía estética en las novelas de Margaret Atwood y Fay Weldon. [Literary Deconstruction of Eating Disorders and Aesthetic Surgery in the Novels of Margaret Atwood and Fay Weldon]. PhD dissertation, Universidad de Oviedo (Spain), 2005. In Spanish. Nilsson, Staffan. Den potentiella människan: En undersökning av teorier om självförverkligande [The Potential Man: A Study of Theories of Self-Realization]. PhD dissertation, Uppsala University (Sweden), 2005. In Swedish. Nishizawa, Sumiko. The Idea of Translation: Exploring Linguistic and Cultural Interstices in Educational Contexts. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2005. Panicker, P. K. Jayananda. A Study of the Vedic Thoughts and Use of Language in the Select Novels of R.K. Narayan. PhD dissertation, Bharathiar University (India), 2005.

623

Parker, Sharon LaVon Walker. Embodied Exile: Contemporary Iranian Women Artists and the Politics of Place. PhD dissertation, University of Arizona (USA), 2005. Piep, Karsten H. Embattled Homefronts: Politics and Representation in American World War I Novels. PhD dissertation, Miami University (Ohio) (USA), 2005. Reiter, R. Burkhardt. Symmetry and Narrative in Christopher Rouse’s Trombone Concerto with White Space Waiting (an Original Composition for Chamber Orchestra). PhD dissertation, University of Pittsburgh (USA), 2005. Ródenas Tolosa, Beatriz. A Cognitive Experientialist Approach to a Dramatic Text: King Lear’s Conceptual Universe. PhD dissertation, Universidad de Alicante: Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes (Spain), 2005. Rodríguez, Michael Angelo. Beckett and Romanticism. MA thesis, Florida State University (USA), 2005. Rodríguez, Rubén. La presencia de Emilia Pardo Bazán en los personajes femeninos de Miguel de Unamuno. [The Presence of Emilia Pardo Bazán in the Female Characters of Miguel de Unamuno]. PhD dissertation, Texas Tech University. In Spanish. Rossum, Estelle. Die voorkoms van politieke mites in openbare beleid met spesifieke verwysing na die “I am an African” toespraak van T.M. Mbeki [The Appearance of Political Myths in Public Policy with Specific Reference to the “I am an African” Speech by T.M. Mbeki]. MA thesis, University of Pretoria (South Africa), 2005. In Afrikaans. Shields, Paul. Beckett’s Victors: Quests without Qualities. PhD dissertation, Florida State University (USA), 2005. Singh, Neelam. Ennui in Modern Poetry. PhD dissertation, V. B. S. Purvanchal University (India), 2005. Stoltz, Matthew T. Berryman’s Voice. Undergraduate thesis, University of Washington (USA), 2005. Tedder, Charles F. Tolkien’s Synthetic Myth Fantasy at the Dawn of the Global Age, and Comic Book Cosmopolis: Globalization and the Superhero. MA thesis, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (USA), 2005. Tellez, Ramon Trejo. Desestilización del sujeto en la narrativa mexicana contemporanea: Un acercamiento centrífugo-centrípeta [Desestilization of the Subject in the Contemporary Mexican Narrative: A Centripetal-Centripetal Approach]. PhD dissertation, University of Texas (USA), 2005. In Spanish. Thoits, Thomas. Milton’s “Covering Cherub”: The Influence of Stanley Fish’s Surprised by Sin on Twentieth-Century Milton Criticism. MA thesis, Louisiana State University (USA), 2005. Waddington, George Roland. “Something more than fantasy”: Fathering Postcolonial Identities through Shakespeare. PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Austin (USA), 2005.

624

The Reception of Northrop Frye

Waiser, William A. Themes of Isolation in Saskatchewan Radio Drama. MA thesis, University of Saskatchewan (Canada), 2005. Wang, Ying. The Christian Origins of George Bernard Shaw’s Plays. MA thesis, Henan University (China), 2005. In Chinese. Wen, Ming-liang. An Explorartion of Flannery O’Connor’s Christian Realism in “Wise Blood.” MA thesis, Jilin University (China), 2005. In Chinese. Williams, Laura Linford. Malvinas Myths, Falklands Fictions Cultural Responses to War from Both Sides of the Atlantic. PhD dissertation, Florida State University (USA), 2005. Wright, Ann Chapman. Signs of Life: Cultural Memory and Experience as Performed by Un-animated Objects in the Ancient Maya Ceremonial Arena. PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Austin (USA), 2005. Yang, Lijuan. Cultural Criticism: The Development of Archetypal Criticism in a Post-Modern Context. PhD dissertation, Northeast Normal University (China), 2005. In Chinese. Yao, Xue-li. The Archetype of the Double in TwentiethCentury American Literature. MA thesis, Anhui University (China), 2005. In Chinese. 2006 Alkan, Tiffany Jo. “The Fantastical Dreams of Abbie-lubbers”: Romance and Religion in Early Modern England (Sir Philip Sidney, Edmund Spenser, William Shakespeare, Lady Mary Wroth). PhD dissertation, Columbia University (USA), 2006. Ānníng. A Study of the Tragic Myth of the Greek Prometheus and the Optimistic Myth of the Chinese Suiren. MA thesis, Shandong Normal University (China), 2006. In Chinese. Arnau Roselló, Roberto. La Guerrilla del celuloide: Resistencia estética y militancia política en el cine español (1967–1982) [The Guerrilla of the Celluloid: Aesthetic Resistance and Political Militancy in the Spanish Cinema (1967–1982)]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Jaume I (Spain), 2006. In Spanish. Balzer, Geraldine Ann. Decolonizing the Classroom: Reading Aboriginal Literature through the Lenses of Contemporary Literary Theories. PhD dissertation, University of Saskatchewan (Canada), 2006. Bogdanivna, Laniik Zoryan. The Methodology of Biblical Hermeneutics: Symbolic and Allegorical Aspects of Literary Discourse. Doctor of Philology dissertation, Ternopil National Pedagogical University (Ukraine), 2006. Boston, Scott S. A Discussion of the Mercurius Type within William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, Othello, the Moor of Venice, King Lear, and Macbeth. MA thesis, Missouri State University (USA), 2006.

Brauer, Lydia Katherine. Contemporary Constructions of English Texts: A Departmental Case Study of Secondary English Domains. PhD dissertation, Ohio State University (USA), 2006. Bresnen, Krittina. Pascal’s Fire. MA thesis, University of New Brunswick (Canada), 2006. Breton-Guay, Noémie. Merlin l’enchanteur dans les images de la Renaissance arthurienne: Une fenêtre sur l’imaginaire victorien [Merlin the Enchanter in Images of the Arthurian Renaissance: A Window on the Victorian Imaginary]. MA thesis, Université Laval (Canada), 2006. In French. Breivoll, Bernt Lage. Tid og verdi i Karl Ove Knausgårds “En tid for alt” [Time and Value in Karl Ove Knausgård’s “A Time for Everything”]. MA thesis, University of Bergen (Norway), 2006. In Norwegian. Capdevila i Castells, Pol. Experiencia estética y hermenéutica. Un diálogo entre Immanuel Kant y Hans-Robert Jauss [Esthetic and Hermeneutical Experience: A Dialogue between Immanuel Kant and Hans-Robert Jauss]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain), 2006. In Spanish. Carrasco Nicola, Nemrod. Del Cármides al Teeteto: Perspectivas de la dóxa en Platón [From the Carmides to the Theaetetus: Perspectives of the Doxa in Plato]. PhD dissertation, Universitat de Barcelona (Spain), 2006. In Spanish. Carswell, Margaret F. Biblical Metaphors for God in the Primary Level of the Religious Education Series, To Know, Worship, and Love. PhD dissertation, Australian Catholic University (Australia), 2006. Chacko, Sonia. Paradigms of Conflict in Indian Fiction in English, 1981–1990. PhD dissertation, Mahatma Gandhi University (India), 2006. Chamonikolas, Kryštof. Fictional Paths to a Larger Truth in American New Journalism. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2006. Chanthiramathi, V. War as Leitmotif: A Study of Norman Mailer’s Major Fiction. PhD dissertation, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University (India), 2006. Chattah, Juan Roque. Semiotics, Pragmatics, and Metaphor in Film Music Analysis. PhD dissertation, Florida State University (USA), 2006. Chen, Shou-his. The Canon of Gufu in Qing Dynasty. MA thesis, National Sun Yat-Sen University (Taiwan), 2006. In Chinese. Chiao Yi Chen. Research of Wish-Motif Fairy Tales of Andrew Lang’s Fairy Books. Graduate thesis, National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations in Taiwan (Taiwan). Crowder, Stephen Travis. Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night: Disguise, Gender Roles, and Goal-Setting. BA research paper, University of North Carolina at Asheville (USA), 2006.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Danielsen, Camilla Kolstad. Potpurri som genrepraksis i Voltaires sene filosofiske fortellinger [Potpourri as Genre Practice in Voltaire’s Late Philosophical Stories]. PhD dissertation, NTNU Norges teknisk-naturvitenskaplige universitet (Norway), 2006. In Norwegian. Darnis, Pierre. Lecture et initiation dans le récit bref cervantin [Reading and Initiation in the Short Story Forms of Cervantes]. PhD dissertation, Université Toulouse le Mirail (France), 2006. In French. Děkanovský, Jan. Sport, mýtus a popkultura. Nástin několika možných kulturologických pohledů na existenci, distribuci, percepci a interpretaci sportu a agonálního principu v soudobé západní společnosti [Sport, Myth and Pop Culture: An Outline of Several Possible Culturological Views of Existence, Distribution, Perception and Interpretation of the Sport and Agonal Principle in Contemporary Western Society]. Rigorosum thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2006. In Czech. de Souza, Josiley Francisco. Pedro Braga: Uma voz no Vau [Pedro Braga: A Voice in the Vau]. MA thesis, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Brazil), 2006. In Portuguese. Donada, Jaqueline Bohn. “Spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings”: Romantic Imagery in Mary Shelley’s “Frankenstein.” MA thesis, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), 2006. In Portuguese. Donoghue, John. Radical Republicanism in England, America, and the Imperial Atlantic, 1624–1661. PhD dissertation, University of Pittsburgh (USA), 2006. Dyer, Brenda Lee. A Narrative Exploration of the Experience of Recurrent Major Depression. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2006. Eng, Rose Seok Hoon. A Study of Maxine Hong Kingston’s “The Woman Warrior” Using Archetypal Criticism. MA thesis, California State University, Dominguez Hills (USA), 2006. Fen, Ying. A Myth and Archetypal Study of Toni Morrison’s “Sula.” MA thesis, Central China Normal University (USA), 2006. In Chinese. Franklyn, Blair Scott. Towards a Theory of Postmodern Humour: South Park as Carnivalesque Postmodern Narrative Impulse. MA thesis, University of Waikato (New Zealand), 2006. Gao, Hong. The Narrative and Thematic Archetypes in “The Pilgrim’s Progress.” MA thesis, Northeast Forestry University (China), 2006. In Chinese. Gao, Ping. The Archetypal Characters, Themes, and Narrative of Saul Bellow’s “Herzog.” MA thesis, Hebei Normal University (China), 2006. In Chinese. Geetha, T.S. Voice of the Voiceless: A Study of the Select Poems of Judith Wright. PhD dissertation, Bharathiar University (India), 2006.

625

Green, Jennifer Elizabeth. Aesthetic Excuses and Moral Crimes: The Convergence of Morality and Aesthetics in Nabokov’s Lolita. MA thesis, Georgia State University (USA), 2006. Greenwald, Michelle C. Democracy and Capitalism in the American Western. PhD dissertation, University of Tennessee at Knoxville (USA), 2006. Guangxing, Chen. “Conrad’s Novels.” PhD dissertation, Shanghai Foreign Studies University (China), 2006. In Chinese. Haiyan, Jia. Biblical Archetypes in the Works of D.H. Lawrence. MA thesis, Shandong Normal University (China), 2006. In Chinese. Han, Lei. Myth Criticism. PhD dissertation, Zhejiang University (China), 2006. In Chinese. Hao, Lijun. An Analysis of the Archetypes of Steinbeck’s “The Grapes of Wrath.” MA thesis, Shanxi University (China), 2006. In Chinese. Hensley, Martin. The Green World of Dystopian Fiction. MA thesis, Western Kentucky University (USA), 2006. Herrero Senés, Joan. Nihilismo y literatura de entreguerras en España (1918–1936) [Nihilism and Interwar Literature in Spain (1918–1936)]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (Spain), 2006. In Spanish. House, Veronica Leigh. Backward to Your Sources, Sacred Rivers: A Transatlantic Feminist Tradition of Mythic Revision. PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Austin (USA), 2006. Hradová, Jana. Klement Bochořák: osobnost a dílo [Klement Bochořák: Personality and Work]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2006. In Czech. Hudymač, Martin. Umelec neskorého modernizmu [The Artist of Late Modernism]. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2006. In Slovak. Hurtgen, Joseph. Shakespeare’s Use of the New Testament: Biblical Intertexuality in “As You Like It” and “Romeo and Juliet.” MA thesis, Western Kentucky University (USA), 2006. Ioannou, Maria. Hero or Villain? Criminals’ Experience of Crime. PhD dissertation, University of Liverpool (United Kingdom), 2006. Jones, Christopher Michael. Anatomy of the Succession Narrative: An Archetypal Reading of Absalom’s Revolt. M.T.S. thesis, Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary (USA), 2006. Kisantal, Támas. “. . . egy tömegmészárlásról mi értelmes dolgot lehetne elmondani?” Az ábrázolásmód mint történelemkoncepció a holokauszt-irodalomban [“. . . there is nothing intelligent to say about a massacre?” The Representational Method as a Conception of History on the Holocaust Literature]. PhD dissertation, University of Jyväskylä (Finland), 2006. In Hungarian. Krogel, Alison Marie. Ukhu mankakuna: Culinary Representations in Quechua Cultural Texts. PhD

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The Reception of Northrop Frye

dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park (USA), 2006. Kulhánková, Radka. Narativní psychologie a psychoterapie [Narrative Psychology and Psychotherapy]. Rigorosum thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2006. In Czech. La Flamme, Lisa Michelle. Living, Writing and Staging Racial Hybridity. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2006. Laufer, Matthew Ian. Upstaging the Novel: Modern Fiction, Individualism, and the Turn to Drama. PhD dissertation, Columbia University (USA), 2006. Lei, Han. Myth Criticism—A Study of Frye’s Critical Thought. PhD dissertation, Zhejian University (China), 2006. In Chinese. Li, Yanli. A Study of Li Jianwu’s Plays from the Perspective of Psychoanalysis and Their Archetypal Imagery and Characters. MA thesis, Fujian Normal University (China), 2006. In Chinese. Liptak, Roman. Coming to Terms with Intertextuality: Methodology behind Biblical Criticism Past and Present. MA thesis, University of Pretoria (South Africa), 2006. Liu, Fang-jeng. Mirror-Text, Adventurous Journey and the Rebirth of a Hero in John Fowles’s The Magus. MA thesis, National Sun Yat-Sen University (Taiwan), 2006. Liu, Wei. Imagination and Concern in Frye’s Criticism. MA thesis, Nanjing Normal University (China), 2006. In Chinese. Liu, Wei. Archetypes in Fitzgerald’s “The Great Gatsby” and “Tender Is the Night.” MA thesis, Heilongjiang University (China), 2006. In Chinese. Longacre, Jeffrey S. On the Threshold of the Infinite: Blake, Joyce, and the War on Authority. PhD dissertation, University of Tulsa (USA), 2006. Mennill, Sally. Place, Identity, Limitation: Representations of Ice in Contemporary Canadian Literature. MA thesis, Trent University (Canada), 2006. Missihoun, Honore. Historicizing and Fictionalizing Yoruba Deities as Narrative Strategies in Changó, el gran putas by Zapata Olivella. PhD dissertation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA), 2006. Osborne, James Michael. Qui plus fait, miex vault: Evaluating Combat in Malory’s Le Morte Darthur. PhD dissertation, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (USA), 2006. Øvrevik, Berit. Tomhet og fylde En studie av William Blakes “Songs of Innocence and of Experience.” [Emptiness and Fullness: A Study of William Blake’s “Songs of Innocence and of Experience”]. MA thesis, University of Bergen (Norway), 2006. In Norwegian. Padilla, Laura Kathleen. Land of Enchantment, Land of Mi Chante: Four Arguments in New Mexican Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Austin (USA), 2006.

Palmieri, David. La Symbolisation de l’expérience: Une étude de la poésie du Québec et du Nord-Est des États-Unis, 1900–1965 [The Symbolization of Experience: A Study of the Poetry of Quebec and the North-East of the United States, 1900–1965]. PhD dissertation, Université de Montréal (Canada), 2006. In French. Patterson, Laura Marilyn. This Hour Has 22 Minutes and the Art of Resistance: A Rhetorical Analysis of Canadian Cultural Antilanguage. PhD dissertation, University of Saskatchewan (Canada), 2006. Radhai, K. Treatment of Reality, Fantasy, and myth in the Select Plays of Girish Karnad. PhD dissertation, Bharathiar University (India), 2006. Reading, Jill. Critical Literacy in a Global Context: Reading Harry Potter. PhD dissertation, Edith Cowan University (Australia), 2006. Remlinger, Paula Jane. “Awash perilously with song”: The Poetry of John V. Hicks. MA thesis, University of Saskatchewan (Canada), 2006. Ridenoure, Beth Darlene. ‘A Most Modest Wish’: The Ideal Form of Dostoevsky’s Russia. Senior Honors thesis, Liberty University (USA), 2006. Rohde-Finnicum, Robyn Renee. Trapped between Graffiti’d Walls and Sidewalk Borders: Resistance, Insistence and Changing the Shape of Things. MA thesis, Montana State University (USA), 2006. Richez, Emmanuelle. L’autodéfinition de l’état canadien: Une tentative de mise en évidence de l’influence de l’idéalisme de Michael Ignatieff et de John Ralston Saul dans le discours du Juge en chef de la Cour suprême et dans celui du Gouverneur général du Canada [The Self-Definition of the Canadian State: An Attempt to Highlight the Influence of the Idealism of Michael Ignatieff and John Ralston Saul in the Speeches of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and the Governor General of Canada]. MA thesis, Université Laval (Canada), 2006. In French. Rion, Rosanna. El profetismo en la obra literaria de T.S. Eliot [The Prophetism in the Literary Work of T.S. Eliot]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (Spain), 2006. In Spanish. Sahr, Sylvia. Grey Owl, les autochtones et la perception environnementale au Canada au début du XXe siècle [Gray Owl, Aboriginals, and Environmental Perception in Canada in the Early 20th Century]. MA thesis, Université Laval (Canada), 2006. In French. Santosh, Gyanendra Kumar. Atmakatha aur upanyaas: “Banbhatt ki atmakatha” ke vishesh sandarbh me. [Biographies and Novels: Special Reference to “Autobiography of Banabhatta”]. PhD dissertation, Jawaharlal Nehru University (India), 2006. In Hindi. Schwartz, John Pedro. Between the Muses and the Mausoleum: Museums, Modernism, and Modernity. PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Austin (USA), 2006.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Sládek, Pavel. Mišna—Tosefta—Bavli. Žánrová charakteristika dokumentů rabínské literatury formativního období [Mishna—Tosefta—Bavli. Genre Characteristics of the Documents of Rabbinic Literature of the Formative Period]. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2006. In Czech. Smith, Cynthia Anne. Walter M. Miller, Jr.’s A Canticle for Leibowitz: A Study of Apocalyptic Cycles, Religion and Science, Religious Ethics and Secular Ethics, Sin and Redemption, and Myth and Preternatural Innocence. MA thesis, Georgia State University (USA), 2006. Stolzenburg, Silvia. The English Bestseller and the Bookmarket in the 1990s. Dissertation, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübigen (Germany), 2006. Sutterfield, Curtis T. The Relationship between Video Game User and Character. MA thesis, Ball State University (USA), 2006. Swindell, A.C. Rewriting the Bible: A Study of Fourteen Reception-Histories of Biblical Stories. PhD dissertation, University of Leeds (United Kingdom), 2006. Tavares, Fabiana Valeria da Silva. Reafirmando uma nação a figuração da identidade nacional norte-americana nas obras de Laura Ingalls Wilder [Reaffirming a Nation: The Figuration of the American National Identity in the Works of Laura Ingalls Wilder]. MA thesis, Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade São Paulo (Brazil), 2006. In Portuguese. Tell, David. The Politics of Public Confession: Expressivism and American Democracy. MA thesis, Pennsylvania State University (USA), 2006. Thankappan, Seetha. Avenues to Faith in the Fiction of Walker Percy. PhD dissertation, University of Kerala (India), 2006. Thuerwaechter, Sabine. Sign-Image-Myth: The Interrelation of Sign-Systems and the Construction of Meaning. PhD dissertation, University of California, Riverside (USA), 2006. Tivy, Mary. The Local History Museum in Ontario 1851– 1985: An Intellectual History. PhD dissertation, University of Waterloo (Canada), 2006. Veggian, Henry. Mercury of the Waves: Modern Cryptology and U.S. Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Pittsburgh (USA), 2006. Wang, Cheng-ju. Living in the World: An Archetypal Analysis of “Tom Jones.” MA thesis, Zhengzhou University (China), 2006. In Chinese. Wang, Yan. The Biblical Archetypes in Emily Dickinson’s Poetry. MA thesis, Hebei Normal University (China), 2006. In Chinese. Wanwan, Zhou. Double Literary Traditions—An Archetypal Approach to Toni Morrison’s “Sula.” MA thesis, Shandong University (China), 2006.

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Ward, Michael Douglas. Heroic Orientation in the Scooter Tetralogy. MA thesis, St. Mary’s University, San Antonio, Texas (USA), 2006. Wen, Yaqi. Construction or Deconstruction: Theoretical Reflections on Myth and Archetypal Criticism. Shanghai International Studies University (China), 2006. In Chinese. Yen, Chia-yi. Ying xiong de lu cheng: yi shen hua pi ping fa yue du tian long ba bu [The Hero’s Journey: Reading the Semi-gods and the Semi-devils by Mythological Criticism]. MA thesis, National Sun Yat-Sen University (Taiwan), 2006. In Chinese. Yuan, P. A Study of the Cultural Archetypes in J.K. Rowling’s “Harry Potter.” MA thesis, Northeast Normal University (China), 2006. In Chinese. Zhang, Liping. On Thomas Hardy’s Religious Doubts: An Archetypal Analysis of Jude the Obscure. MA thesis, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies (China), 2006. In Chinese. Zhao, Xuefeng. The Archetypes of Greek Mythology and Their Adaptation by Modern American Writers. MA thesis, Lanzhou University (China), 2006. In Chinese. Zheng, Qi. “Waverley” or ’Tis Sixty Years Since: The Conflict and Combination between the Bildungsroman and the Historical Novel. MA thesis, Sichuan University (China), 2006. In Chinese. Zhou, Wanwan. Dual Mythological Traditions in Toni Morrison’s Fiction: Graeco-Roman and African. MA thesis, Shandong University (China), 2006. In Chinese. 2007 Al Hamati, Omar. Strach a úzkost: Rozbor odolnosti jedince v chronicky zátěžové situaci (autobiografie) [Fear and Anxiety: A Study of Individual Stamina in a Chronically Stressful Situation (Autobiographical)]. Bachelor’s thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2007. In Czech. Amma, V.R. Omanakutty. Change in Poetic Form in Modern Malayalam Poetry: A Study Mainly Based on the Works of Ayyappa Panike. PhD dissertation, Mahatma Gandhi University (India), 2007. Ana, Zhang. “Lord of the Flies”: An Archetypal Interpretation. Shandong Normal University (China), 2007. In Chinese. Antharjanam, S. Devaki. Ethics and Aesthetics: The Dual Commitment of Nadine Gordimer in Her Writings. PhD dissertation, Mahatma Gandhi University (India), 2007. Arruda, Aline Alves. “Ponciá Vicêncio,” de Conceição Evaristo: Um Bildungsroman feminino e negro [“Ponciá Vicêncio,” by Conceição Evaristo: A Female and Black Bildungsroman]. MA thesis, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Brazil), 2007. Arumugam, M. Dynamics of Resistance in the Plays of George Ryga. PhD dissertation, Bharathiar University (India), 2007.

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Baechler, Mark W. The Latent Architecture of the Abrahamic Faiths. M.Arch. thesis, Carleton University (Canada), 2007. Baixeras Borrell, Ricardo. Análisis pluridisciplinar de “Tres Tristes Tigres” para el estudio de la poética de Guillermo Cabrera Infante [Multidisciplinary Analysis of “Tres Tristes Tigres” for the Study of the Poetics of Guillermo Cabrera Infante]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (Spain), 2007. In Spanish. Barootes, Benjamin S.W. Fallen Away: Post-Lapsarianism in Tolkien’s Saga of Jewels and Rings (Tolkien, J.R.R., Frye, Northrop, Vico, Giambattista, Shippey, Tom, Flieger, Verlyn). MA thesis, Acadia University (Canada), 2007. Bauer, Rachel Noël. Madness and Laughter: Cervantes’ Comic Vision in Don Quixote. PhD dissertation, Vanderbilt University (USA), 2007. Beaulieu, Judith. Le cycle de la guerre de Troie dans Bouscotte: Lecture mythocritique de la saga de Victor-Lévy Beaulieu [The Cycle of the Trojan War in Bouscotte: A Mythological Reading of the Saga of Victor-Lévy Beaulieu]. MA thesis, Université Laval (Canada), 2007. In French. Becker, Michael Edward. The Space Between: How Hypertext Affects the Author/Reader Divide. MA thesis, Montana State University (USA), 2007. Bednar, Michael Boris. Conquest and Resistance in Context: A Historiographical Reading of Sanskrit and Persian Battle Narratives. PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Austin (USA), 2007. Bender, Emilee. Building Collaboration, Building Community: A Home for Northern Learning. M.Arch. thesis, University of Waterloo (Canada), 2007. Berg, Wayne Carl. Images in the Labyrinth: A Reading of Symbol and Archetype in Four Quartets. MA thesis, Montana State University (USA), 2007. Breux, Sandra. De l’imaginaire géographique à l’acte politique: L’influence des représentations territoriales sur la participation politique individuelle à l’échelle locale et urbaine [From the Geographical Imaginary to the Political Act: The Influence of Territorial Representations on Individual Political Participation at the Local and Urban Level]. PhD dissertation, Université Laval (Canada), 2007. In French. Brolan, John. The Bias of the World: Theories of Unequal Exchange in History. PhD dissertation, Lund University (Sweden), 2007. Brou, Derek. A Skeleton Key to “Easy Rider.” MA thesis, University of Colorado at Denver (USA). Chalupský, Petr. The Image of the City in Contemporary British Literature. The City in the Works of Martin Amis and Ian McEwan. Rigorosum thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic).

Chén Jiālè. The Archetypal Vision in Two of Yeats’s Plays––“Land of the Heart’s Desire” and “Countess Kathleen.” MA thesis, Zhejiang University (China), 2007. In Chinese. Chrystall, Andrew Brian. The New American Vortex: Explorations of McLuhan. PhD dissertation, Massey University (New Zealand), 2007. Coonan, Emma Marya. Senses of Theory: Conceptual Metaphors and Manoeuvres in 20th-Century Literary Criticism. PhD dissertation, University of York (United Kingdom), 2007. da Costa, Joao Eustaquio. No fundo das minhas . . . entre o sagrado e o profano na poesia de Manuel Bandeira [Deep in mine . . . between the Sacred and the Profane in the Poetry of Manuel Bandeira]. MA thesis, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Brazil), 2007. In Portuguese. da Cunha, Lidiane Luiza. “Who Knows What Kind of Art I’m Drawing onto Myself:” The Representation of the Artist in Margaret Atwood’s Lady Oracle and Cat’s Eye. MA thesis, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Brazil), 2007. Dai, Lan. The Creative Female in the Fairy Tale. PhD dissertation, East China Normal University, 2007. In Chinese. Dalgleish, Melissa A. Revealing Reciprocity: Anne Wilkinson, Northrop Frye, and Mythopoetics in Canada. MA thesis, Dalhousie University (Canada), 2007. de Andrade, Adalberto Teixeira. Liberty as Pro-gression: A Study of the Revolutions Idealized in Areopagitica, The Marriage of Heaven and Hell and The Matrix. MA thesis, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Brazil), 2007. Faria, Robson Ricardo Dal Santo. Clarice Lispector: Criador e criaturas: Uma leitura de A hora da estrela [Clarice Lispector: Creator and Creatures: A Reading of The Star Hour]. MA thesis, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho—UNESP (Brazil), 2007. In Portuguese. Fatima de, Maria de. Individuation in Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World and Island: Jungian and Post-Jungian Perspectives. MA thesis, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Brazil), 2007. Fralic, Michael Lloyd. Towards Christianity without Authority: Pluralism, Skepticism, and Ecclesiastical Power in Selected Examples of Humorous Newfoundland Writing. PhD dissertation, University of Saskatchewan (Canada), 2007. Fraser, Barbara. El doble momento: La visión moral de la historia en “La casa de los espíritus” de Isabel Allende [The Double Moment: The Moral Vision of History in “The House of the Spirits” by Isabel Allende]. MA thesis, University of Victoria (Canada), 2007. In Spanish. Friesen, Rilla Marie. The Creation and Dissolution of Binaries in William Gibson’s “Neuromancer”: Babylon, Zion,

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

and the Artificial Intelligences. MA thesis, University of Saskatchewan (Canada), 2007. Geetha Krishnan, S. The Treatment of Myth and Reality in the Plays of Wole Soyinka and Girish Karnad. PhD dissertation, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University (India), 2007. Gillman, Natalie B. “A Bunch of Grapes”: A Reading of Lindsey Collen’s The Rape of Sita. MA thesis, University of Pretoria (South Africa), 2007. Graham, Brian Russell. The Liberalism of Northrop Frye. PhD dissertation, University of Glasgow (Scotland), 2007. Gu, Hua Xia. The Cyclical Narrative Art of “The Great Gatsby.” MA thesis, Yunnan Normal University (China), 2007. In Chinese. Gunasekaran, S. A Study of Comic Vision in the Select Works of R.K. Narayan. PhD dissertation, Bharathidasan University (India), 2007. Guo, Lin. Metaphor and Literary Criticism. PhD dissertation, Central China Normal University, 2007. In Chinese. Harrison, Sandi Joy. No Place Else: Attachment to Land and Region in Canadian Realistic Fiction for Young Adults. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2007. He, Li. Northrop Frye: Literary Theory from the Perspective of Cultural Criticism. MA thesis, Xiangtan University (China), 2007. He, Xiaowu. Fictive Poetics. PhD dissertation, Zhejiang University (China), 2007. In Chinese. Heimonen. Northrop Frye: Cultural Criticism as a Dimension of Literary Theory. MA thesis, University of Xiangtan (China), 2007. In Chinese. Hopwood, Paul Andrew. Frank Bridge and the English Pastoral Tradition. PhD dissertation, University of Western Australia (Australia), 2007. Houjing, Juan. Myth of Sisyphus in Imre Kertesz’s “Fiasco” from the Perspective of Archetypal Criticism. MA thesis, Shanghai International Studies University (China), 2007. Hove, Jon Opedal. Støy og stillheit: Ei lesing av Don DeLillo sin roman White Noise [Noise and Silence: A Reading of Don DeLillo’s Novel White Noise]. MA thesis, University of Bergen (Norway), 2007. In Norwegian. Howlett, Carson. Metaphor, Language, and Thinking Time: Rejuvenating Northrop Frye’s Concept of Metaphor Via Gustave Guillaume’s Thinking Time. MA thesis, McMaster University (Canada), 2007. Hsu, Shih-yu. “Perfection & Deficiency” in The Earthsea Cycle. MA thesis, National Taitung University (China), 2007. Hu, Lin. Creation of the Modern European Novel: Epic Distance and Style. PhD dissertation, Shanghai Normal University (China), 2007. In Chinese.

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Huang, Chieh-yuan. A Study of Hsiang Yang’s Modern Poetry. MA thesis, National Sun Yat-Sen University (Taiwan), 2007. Jernigan, Amanda. Wholes and Parts (all puns intended): The Mereological Vision of Richard Outram’s Poetic Sequences. MA thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland (Canada), 2007. Jiang, Xiu-qing. Northrop Frye, the Bible, and Religious Concern. MA thesis, Nanjing Normal University, 2007. In Chinese. Johnson, Eugene. The Poetics of Cultural Healing: Derek Walcott’s Omeros and the Modernist Epic. PhD dissertation, Queen’s University (Canada), 2007. Jones, Stephen Matthew. Frank’s Miller’s Ideals of Heroism. MA thesis, Indiana University (USA), 2007. Jonutytė, Jurga. Tradicija kaip laiko patirtis: Fenomenologinės ir naratologinės perspektyvų sankirta [Tradition as a Time Experience: Phenomenological and Narratological Perspectives]. PhD dissertation, Vytautas Magnus Universit (Lithuania), 2007. In Lithuanian. Junková, Eliška. Meditace o člověku a o přírodě v mexickém eseji [The Meditation of Man and Nature in Essay of Mexican Author]. MA thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2007. In Czech. Kaltenbacher, Cornelia. “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” and “The Tempest” in the Mirror of Changing Critical Approaches. MA thesis, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf (Germany), 2007. Kamil, Nalini Shyam. Mythic Patterns and Fictional Imagination in Indian Novels in English. PhD dissertation, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University (India), 2007. Kaushal, Deepak. Civilization and Savagery: The Reversal of Binary Oppositions in the Major Novels of William Golding. PhD dissertation, Panjab University (India), 2007. Kerskens, Christel. Escaping the Labyrinth of Deception: A Postcolonial Approach to Margaret Atwood’s Novels. PhD dissertation, Université Libre de Bruxelles (Belgium), 2007. Kjolbro, Norma D. La dimension biblique dans l’oeuvre romanesque de Sergio Kokis [The Biblical Dimension in Sergio Kokis’s Novels]. MA thesis, Dalhousie University (Canada), 2007. In French. Kobera, Marek. John Polkinghorne—jeho přínos pro dialog mezi přírodními vědami a teologií [John Polkinghorne— His Contribution to the Dialogue of Science and Theology]. BA thesis, Charles University, Catholic Theological Faculty (Czech Republic), 2007. In Czech. Kong, Hailong. The Archetype of the Devil in Golding’s “Lord of the Rings.” MA thesis, Beijing Language and Culture University (China), 2007. In Chinese. Lamani, M.K.V. A Study of the Story of My Experiments with Truth as a Literary Work. PhD dissertation, Karnatak University (India), 2007.

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Lauscher, Helen Novak. Compose Your Self: Expression and Identity in the Unsanctioned Writing of Adolescent and Young Adult Poets and Songwriters. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2007. Lawrence, M. Repentance and Reconciliation of the Agonized Self in Select Fiction of J.M. Coetzee. PhD dissertation, Madurai Kamaraj University (India), 2007. Leung, Naap-kei Andrew. The Emergence of a National Hymnody: The Making of Hymns of Universal Praise (1936). M.Phil. thesis, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 2007. Li, Cai-hong. Exile and Exploration: The Myth’s and Archetypes of Bunyan’s “Pilgrim’s Progress” and Gao Xingjian’s “Soul Mountain.” MA thesis, Northwestern University (China), 2007. In Chinese. Li, Fang wood. “Symbolic Order of Decline and Loss— “The Sound and the Fury.” MA thesis, Ocean University of China, 2007. In Chinese. Li, Ou. Keats and Negative Capability. PhD dissertation, Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. Lian, Xia. Theories of Narratology as Applied to the Movies. MA thesis, Southwest University of Finance and Economics (China), 2007. In Chinese. Lucas, Duncan Alexander. Dreams We Learn: Affect Theory, Genre, and the Example of Tragedy. PhD dissertation, McMaster University (Canada), 2007. Lukavec, Jan. V napětí protikladů— recepce G.K. Chestertona v české meziválečné kultuře [ln the Tension of Contrasts—The Reception of G.K. Chesterton in the Czech culture between WW1 and WW2]. Rigorosum thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2007. In Czech. Luo, Xiaofei. Literary Anthropology: Frazer, Frye, and Jung. MA thesis, Lanzhou University (China), 2007. In Chinese. McAleer, P.R. Transcultural Identity: Representation of the ‘Self’ and the Role of the Utopian Impulse and Satire in the Contemporary Spanish-American Comic Novel. PhD dissertation, University of Manchester (United Kingdom), 2007. McGee, John. Implements of Enlightenment: Indirect Instruction in the “Yoga Vasistha.” MA thesis, University of Calgary (Canada), 2007. McLeod, Tenielle Robyn. Modelling the Public Intellectual: The Case of Matthew Arnold. MA thesis, University of Saskatchewan (Canada), 2007. Maroszová, Jana. Lux in tenebris: Allegorie und allegorische Strukturen in Grimmelshausens Abentheurlichem Simplicissimus Teutsch [Lux in tenebris: Allegory and Allegorical Structures in Grimmelshausen’s Abentheurlichem Simplicissimus Teutsch]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2007. In German. Mattisson, Jane. Representation of the Hero in World War One: The Story of Walter MacKay Draycott, Princess

Patricia Canadian Light Infantry (P.P.C.L.I.). Graduate thesis, Kristianstad University College, (Sweden), 2007. Míčková, Klára. Responding to the Holocaust: The Survivor’s Complex in Reality and Fiction. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2007. Mishra, Brajesh Kumar. F.R. Leavis and His Idea of Tradition. PhD dissertation, V.B.S. Purvanchal University (India), 2007. Mitha, Farouk. Culture Wars and Language Arts Education: Readings of Othello as a School Text. PhD dissertation, University of Victoria (Canada), 2007. Møller, Allan. The Bible and Romance: A Study of Northrop Frye’s Biblical Theories and Their Manifestations in the British Romance Tradition from “Morte d’Arthur” to “Small World.” PhD dissertation, Syddansk Universitet, Center for Engelsk (Denmark), 2007. Moragas Ferreira, Vania Maria. Palingenias rodrigueanas: A falecida sob a ótica de Alceste [Palingenias rodrigueanas: The Deceased from the Perspective of Alceste]. MA thesis, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Brazil). In Portuguese, 2007. Nin, Jing. From Betrayal to Reconciliation: Archetypal Displacement in the Stories of Katherine Anne Porter. MA thesis, Anhui University (China), 2007. In Chinese. Njoya, Wandia Mwende. In Search of El Dorado? The Experience of Migration to France in Contemporary African Novels. PhD dissertation, Pennsylvania State University, 2007. Nordøen, Lise Vivian. Teksten og leseren En studie av en problematikk i Klaus Hagerups forfatterskap [The Text and the Reader: A Study of a Problem in Klaus Hagerup’s Writing]. MA thesis, University of Bergen (Norway), 2007. In Norwegian. Nygård, Maria. Mandalans mittpunkt: Arketyper och symboler i Susan Coopers Mörkret stiger [Center of the Mandala: Archetypes and Symbols in Susan Cooper’s Darkness Rise]. BA thesis, Södertörn University College (Sweden), 2007. In Swedish. Oliveira, Silvana Seabra de. Fronteiras de Literatura e História: A escrita de Sérgio Buarque de Holanda em Caminhos e fronteiras [Frontiers of Literature and History: The Writing of Sérgio Buarque de Holanda in Paths and Frontiers.] PhD dissertation, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Brazil), 2007. In Portuguese. Petrov, Petre Miltchov. Laying Bare: The Fate of Authorship in Early Soviet Culture. PhD dissertation, University of Pittsburgh (USA), 2007. Phillips, Siobhan Katherine. The Poetics of Everyday Time in Frost, Stevens, Bishop, and Merrill. PhD dissertation, Yale University (USA), 2007. Pinheiro, Vanessa Neves Riambau. O trágico e o demoníaco em “O evangelho segundo Jesus Cristo,” de Saramago [The Tragic and the Demonic in “The Gospel According

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

to Jesus Christ” by Saramago]. MA thesis. Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), 2007. In Portuguese. Pšenička, Martin. No fundo das minhas . . . entre o sagrado e o profano na poesia de Manuel Bandeira [Postcolonialism and the Canadian Stage]. PhD dissertation, Masaryk University (Czech Republic), 2007. In Portuguese. Raghavendra, Swamy, K.V. T.S. Eliot’s Plays and Myths, Reinforcing Man to Modernity. PhD dissertation, Kuvempu University (India), 2007. Randák, Jan. Ritualizace smrti a umírání v revoluci 1848: Kult mrtvých [Ritualization of Death and Dying in the Revolution of 1848: The Cult of the Dead]. Rigorosum thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2007. In Czech. Ray, Rituparna. The Theme of Partition in Selected English Novels of the Subcontinent. PhD dissertation, University of Calcutta (India), 2007. Rodrigues Moreira, Maria Elisa. Saber narrativo: proposta para uma leitura de Italo Calvino [Narrative Knowledge: Proposal for a Reading of Italo Calvino]. MA thesis, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Brazil), 2007. In Portuguese. Roscoe Maciel, Emilio Carlos. O manto de Nesso: Retórica e referencialidade em Paul de Man [The Mantle of Nesso: Rhetoric and Referentiality in Paul de Man]. PhD dissertation, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Brazil), 2007. In Portuguese. Rose, John Stanley. Charting Citizenship: The Political Participation of Immigrants in Richmond and Surrey, BC. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2007. Ruczaj, Maciej. (Post)Modern Inferno: Flann O’Brien’s The Third Policeman between Modern and Medieval Netherworlds. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2007. Sabitha, S. Myth as Narrative in Mordecai Richler’s Fiction. PhD dissertation, University of Kerala (India), 2007. Sadhana, G. Predicaments of the Jew as Portrayed in the Novels of Mordecai Richler. PhD dissertation, Bharathidasan University (India), 2007. Schultz, Jerrianne D. Creativity, the Trickster, and the Cunning Harper King: A Study of the Minstrel Disguise Entrance Trick in “King Horn” and “Sir Orfeo.” PhD dissertation, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale (USA), 2007. Shen Xiao Wen. A Mythological Study in Contemporary Taiwan Fiction. MA thesis, National Jinan International University (China), 2007. Silva Tavares, Fabiana Valeria da. Reafirmando uma nação: A figuração da identidade nacional norte-americana nas obras de Laura Ingalls Wilder [Reaffirming a Nation: The Figuration of the American National Identity in the

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Works of Laura Ingalls Wilder]. MA thesis, University of São Paulo (Brazil), 2007. In Portuguese. Šimůnková, Hana. Vliv nových médií na fungování komunit [The Influence of New Media on the Functioning of the Community]. BA thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2007. In Czech. Smee, Lillia Julia. Inventing Fantasy: The Prose Romances of William Morris. PhD dissertation, University of Sydney (Australia), 2007. Smoak, Shelby. Framing the Automobile in Twentieth-Century American Literature: A Spatial Approach. PhD dissertation, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (USA). Sneja, Gunew. Beyond the Centre, Spring 2007: UBC Community, Partners, and Alumni Publications. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada). Song, Zenan. The Existential Significance of the Quest Archetype in Thomas Pynchon’s “V” and “The Crying of Lot 49.” MA thesis, Guangxi Normal University (China). In Chinese. Stanfill, Emily Marie. Erring Knights of Desire: The Romance in Santa Teresa’s Libro de la vida and Edmund Spenser’s The Faerie Queene. M.A, thesis, Brigham Young University (USA), 2007. Sterenberg, Matthew Kane. Myth and the Modern Problem: Mythic Thinking in Twentieth-Century Britain. PhD dissertation, Northwestern University (USA), 2007. Szabo, Lisa Sara. Wildwood Notes: Nature Writing, Music, and Newspapers. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2007. Szarková, Silvia. Esterházy Péter és Peter Handke prózája közötti intertextuális viszonyok [Intertextual Relations between the Prose of Péter Esterházy and Peter Handke]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2007. In Hungarian. Szilagyi, Andrea Katalin. A Comparative Analysis of a Selection of Hungarian Folktales in English. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2007. Temperton, Barbara. The Lighthouse Keeper’s Wife, and Other Stories; and Ceremony for Ground: Narrative, Landscape, Myth. MA thesis, University of Western Australia (Australia), 2007. Tianming, Gang. Love Incarnate in Care and Desire: A Post-Psychoanalytical Reading of Iris Murdoch’s Novels. PhD dissertation, Shanghai International Studies University (China), 2007. In Chinese. Tobin, Joan. The Mythical Plane of Experience in “Moby-Dick.” MA thesis, California State University, Dominguez Hills (USA), 2007. Truchan-Tataryn, Maria Alexandra. (In)Visible Images: Seeing Disability in Canadian Literature, 1823–1974. PhD dissertation, University of Saskatchewan (Canada), 2007.

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Valleau, Geneviève Mai Yuhk. “What’s in a Name?” An Examination of Meanings and Symbolic Use of the Names in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2007. Viotti, Fernando Baiao. Enceração do sujeito e indeterminação do mundo: Um estudo das cartas de Guimarães Rosa e seus tradutores [Waxing of the Subject and Indetermination of the World: A Study of the Letters of Guimarães Rosa and His Translators]. MA thesis, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Brazil), 2007. In Portuguese. Vrzalová, Marcela Hejsková. Ramón Gómez de la Serna, spisovatel modernizující španělský román 20. Stoleí [Ramón Gómez de la Serna—A Writer Modernizing the Spanish Novel of the 20th Century]. Rigorosum thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2007. In Czech. Watkins, Shana. Embracing the Took Kinship between Middle Earth and Sixties Youth. MA thesis, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (USA), 2007. Weaver, Roslyn. At the Ends of the World: Apocalypse and Australian Speculative Fiction. PhD dissertation, University of Wollongong (Australia), 2007. Wei, Yuanyuan. The Archetypes in Thomas Hardy’s Major Tragic Novels: “Jude the Obscure,” “The Mayor of Casterbridge,” and “Tess of the d’Urbervilles.” MA thesis, Beijing International Studies University (China), 2007. In Chinese. Wenxia, Ma. Views on Mysterious Colour in Moby Dick. MA thesis, Shandong University (China), 2007. Wolf, Jiří. Prostor a čas v knežských denících českého baroka (příspěvek ke studiu jednoho typu pramene) [Space and Time in Clerical Diaries of Czech Baroque]. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2007. In Czech. Xià, Xiù. Archetypal Theory and Literary Studies. PhD dissertation, Shandong Normal University (China), 2007. In Chinese. Xiào hóng bō. Remembrance of the Lost Goddess: Archetypal Myth and Image in A.S. Byatt’s “Possession.” MA thesis, Liaoning Normal University (China). In Chinese. Yan, En Lu. Archetype, Rhythm, and Symbol in E.M. Forster’s “A Passage to India.” MA thesis, Sichuan University (China), 2007. Yin, Hong. A Study of the Archetype of the Moon Lady in Chinese Mythology. MA thesis, Nanjing Normal University (China), 2007. In Chinese. Yoshida, Akiko. Les philosophes des littéraires [The Philosophers of the Literary]. PhD dissertation, Université de Paris (France), 2007. In French Zámečník, Jan. Literatura jako realizace a model. Teologická reflexe beletrie u Dorothee Sölleové a Dietmara Mietha [Literature as Realization and Model; Theological

Reflections on Prose Fiction by Dorothee Sölle and Dietmar Mieth]. PhD dissertation, Protestant Theological Faculty, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2007. In Czech. Zhang, Ana. An Archetypal Interpretation of “Lord of the Flies.” MA thesis, Shandong Normal University (China), 2007. In Chinese. Zhang, Kun. Education Is Liberation. PhD dissertation, Central China Normal University (China), 2007. Zhang, Ping. An Aesthetic Interpretation of Jade as an Archetype in Chinese Literature. MA thesis, Shandong Normal University (China), 2007. In Chinese. Zhang, Shoubo. Analysis of Myth and Archetype in D.H. Lawrence’s Novels. MA thesis, Shandong Normal University (China), 2007. In Chinese. Zhu, Jingyi. The Unreal Dispute: An Archetypal Analysis of Iris Murdoch’s “The Sea, the Sea.” MA thesis, Zhejiang Normal University (China), 2007. In Chinese. 2008 Abdul Jabbar, Wisam Khalid. Garcia Marquez’s “One Hundred Years of Solitude”: An Archetypal Study of the Novel. MA thesis, California State University, Dominguez Hills (USA), 2008. Ahmed, Jalil Uddin. A.E. Housman’s Poetry: A Reassessment. PhD dissertation, Aligarh Muslim University (India), 2008. Alou Ramis, Damià. El concepto de marcador estructural: Su aplicación en el discurso poético de Philip Larkin [The Concept of Structural Marker: Its Application in the Poetic Discourse of Philip Larkin]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (Spain), 2008. In Spanish. Andersen, Caralyn. Tales of the Fey: The Use of Traditional Faerie Folklore in Contemporary Young Adult Fantasy Novels. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2008. Banco, Lindsey Michael. Psychedelic Trips: Travel and Drugs in Contemporary Literature. PhD dissertation, Queen’s University (Canada), 2008. Bandyopadhyay, Debashis. Ruskin Bond: Locating the Anglo-India Self. PhD dissertation, The English and Foreign Languages University, Hyderabad (India), 2008. Beck, Emily S. Waging War with Words: Idealized Gender and Iberian Chivalry. PhD dissertation, Columbia University (USA), 2008. Boasson, Frode Lerum. Mellom frafall og fornuft: En undersøkelse av det humanes problem i Thomas Manns “Trolldomsfjellet” [Between Apostasy and Reason: An Investigation of the Human Problem in Thomas Mann’s “The Magic Mountain”]. MA thesis, University of Bergen (Norway), 2008. In Norwegian. Borovička, Lukáš. Česká literatura ve stínu hákového kříže [Czech Literature under the Shadow of the Third Reich].

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2008. In Czech. Brunner, Verena. Seamus Heaney’s Sense of Place: Towards a Definition of Irish Identity 1956–2006. PhD dissertation, Karl Franzens Universität Graz (Austria), 2008. Cairns, Rhoda F. The Exegesis of Experience: Typology and Women’s Rhetorics in Early Modern England and New England. PhD dissertation, Miami University (USA), 2008. Castelo Branco, Maria Eugenia. Recursos musicais aplicáveis à saúde e à educação da criança e do adolescente [Musical Resources Applicable to Health and Education of Children and Adolescents]. PhD dissertation, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Brazil), 2008. In Portuguese. Chang, Ching-Han. On Tolkien’s Heroic Quest. MA thesis, Northwest Normal University (China), 2008. In Chinese. Chevallier Cosenza, Barbara. Poétique de la réception du personnage chez Saramago. Analyse de L’Évangile selon Jésus-Christ au regard de ses divers effets de lecture [Poetics of the Reception of the Character at Saramago: Analysis of the Gospel according to Jesus Christ with Regard to Its Various Reading Effects]. MA thesis, Université Laval (Canada), 2008. In French. Cooper, Jason Lee. The Gospel According to Carey: Christian Hermeneutics in “Bliss” and “Oscar and Lucinda.” MA thesis, Montana Tech (USA), 2008. Corencia Cruz, Joaquín. Construcción macrotextual y cancionero amoroso (Un acercamiento analítico a “La voz a ti debida” de Pedro Salinas) [Macrotextual Construction and Love Songbook (An Analytical Approach to “La voz a ti due” by Pedro Salinas]. PhD dissertation, Universitat de València, 2008. In Spanish. Cornell, Katherine. The State of Canadian Dance and Dancing with the State from 1967–1983. PhD dissertation, Ryerson University (Canada), 2008. Correia, Damares Barbosa. “O mercador” de Plauto: Estudo e tradução. [Plautus’s “The Merchant”: A Study and Translation]. MA thesis, Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, São Paulo (Brazil), 2008. In Portuguese. Desnoilles, Richard. L’héroïsme urbain de Bordeaux et de Québec. Construction imaginaire et opérationnalités urbaines [The Urban Heroism of Bordeaux and Quebec: Imaginary Construction and Urban Operations]. PhD dissertation, Université Laval (Canada), 2008. In French. Du, Jia. On Frye’s Archetypal Criticism. MA thesis, University of Shanghai (China), 2008. Dymock, Emma. The Quest for Identity in Sorley MacLean’s “An Cuilithionn”: Journeying into Politics and Beyond. PhD dissertation, University of Edinburgh (Scotland), 2008.

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Ells, Kevin James. One Rhizome, Two Unstoppable Blossoms: Environmental Communication and Ecological Rhetoric. PhD dissertation, Louisiana State University (USA), 2008. Espinosa Estrada, Guillermo. Intellectuals and Mexican Satirical Literature of the Twentieth Century. PhD dissertation, Boston University, 2008. Fan, Yanhong. An Archetypal Analysis of Steinbeck’s “The Grapes of Wrath.” MA thesis, Liaoning Normal University (China), 2008. In Chinese. Fan, Yueping. Archetypal Interpretation of the “Curse” in Hawthorn’s “The House of Seven Gables.” MA thesis, Yunnan Normal University (China), 2008. In Chinese. Ferguson, Matthew Robert. Becoming Ajarn [a teacher]: A Narrative Inquiry into Stories of Teaching and Living Abroad. MA thesis, University of Victoria (China), 2008. Fioravanti, S.A. Precursos do trãgico nos contos de miguel torga [Precursor of the Tragic in the Tales of Miguel Torga]. Graduate thesis, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (Brazil), 2008. In Portuguese. Friesen, Rilla Marie. The Creation and Dissolution of Binaries in William Gibson’s Neuromancer: Babylon, Zion, and the Artificial Intelligences. MA thesis, University of Saskatchewan (Canada), 2008. Furuseth, Sissel. Mellom stemme og skrift: En studie i Gunvor Hofmos versifikasjon [Between Voice and Writing: A Study in Gunvor Hofmos’s Versification]. PhD dissertation, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology (Norway), 2008. In Norwegian. Gao, Xiu Shi. Myth-Archetypal Mode in Iris Murdoch’s Novel The Bell from the Structure of the Plot. MA thesis, Northeastern University (China), 2008. García Cerdán, Andrés. La poesía de Julio Cortázar: Discurso del no método, método del no discurso [The Poetry of Julio Cortázar: Discourse on Non-method, Non-discourse on Method. PhD dissertation, Universidad de Murcia (Spain), 2008. In Spanish. Griffith, Jody. Resetting the Clock: Darwin’s Narrative and “The Return of the Native.” MA thesis, Villanova University (USA), 2008. Gu, Xinying. On the Biblical Imagery in D.H. Lawrence’s Fiction. MA thesis, Henan University (China), 2008. In Chinese. Guo-Xi, Wang. On the Biblical U-shaped Narrative Mode on “Lord of the Rings.” MA thesis, Central South University (China), 2008. In Chinese. Haili, Liu. A Study of Frye’s Literary Anthropology. PhD dissertation, Shandong Normal University (China), 2008. In Chinese. Hall, Mark Webster. “Repetition to the life”: Liminality, Subjectivity, and Speech Acts in Shakespearean Late Romance. MA thesis, Massey University (New Zealand), 2008.

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Halse, Scott. Functional Specialization and Religious Diversity: Bernard Lonergan’s Methodology and the Philosophy of Religion. PhD dissertation, McGill University (Canada), 2008. Ho Yi Ju. The Growth of The Tracker Trilogy. MA thesis, National Taitung University (Taiwan), 2008. In Chinese. Holt, Timothy James. Setting as a Poetic Device to Enhance Character in the Apologos of Homer’s Odyssey. MA thesis, Queen’s University (Canada), 2008. Hudson, Robert James. The Petrarchian Lyrical Imperative: An Anthropology of the Sonnet in Renaissance France, 1536–1552. PhD dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles (USA), 2008. Ingebrigtsen, Espen. “Es sind meine Worte, die Ihnen in die Glieder fahren”: Ironie und Bildlichkeit in Ror Wolfs Raoul Tranchirers Enzyklopädie für unerschrockene Leser [“It’s my words that drive you in your limbs”: Irony and Imagery in Ror Wolf’s Raoul Tranchirer’s Encyclopedia for Intrepid Readers]. MA thesis, University of Bergen (Norway), 2008. In German. Insam, Milena. Aspects of Italian Culture in Selected Plays by William Shakespeare. Diplomarbeit thesis, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz (Austria), 2008. Jegerstedt, Kari. Angela Carter leser Freud Allegorien og parodien som kritiske lesestrategier i The Passion of New Eve. [Angela Carter Reads the Freud Allegory and the Parody as Critical Reading Strategies in The Passion of New Eve. Graduate thesis, University of Bergen (Norway), 2008. In Norwegian. Jing, Rao. “Early Research on Northrop Frye.” PhD dissertation, Fudan University (China), 2008. Jofré, Manuel. Northrop Frye—“Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays.” Graduate thesis Universidad de Chile (Chile), 2008. Jo Lie. The New Myth of Modern Humanity. MA thesis, Shaanxi Normal University (China), 2008. In Chinese. Kang, Yanbin. Toward a Chinese Perspective on Dickinson. PhD dissertation, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 2008. Kannan, R. Edward Albee’s Vision of New Moral and Spiritual Existentialism: An Assessment. PhD dissertation, Madurai Kamaraj University (India), 2008. Kavitha, S.P. A Critical and Comparative Study of the Fictional Excellence, Postmodern Perspectives, and Contextual Relevance of John Barth and Vladimir Nabokov. PhD dissertation, Bharathiar University (India), 2008. Křehlíková, Zdeňka. Myšlení a dílo Williama Blakea v kontextu evropské spirituality [The Poetry and Thought of William Blake in the Context of European Spirituality]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2008. In Czech. Latha Venkateswari, S. Hegemony and Harassment in the Novels of Willa Cather and Bharati Mukherjee. PhD

dissertation, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University (India), 2008. Li, Jia-ling. Biblical Archetypes in the Works of André Gide. MA thesis, Xiangtan University (China), 2008. In Chinese. Li, Jindi. The Echo of History: Frye’s Archetypal Theory Applied to A.S. Byatt’s Possession. MA thesis, Shandong Normal University (China), 2008. In Chinese. Li, Jing. Biblical Archetypes in “The Sound and the Fury.” MA thesis, Hebei Normal University (China), 2008. In Chinese. Li, Jing. Character Types in Postwar British Academic Novels. MA thesis, Ludong University (China), 2008. In Chinese. Li, Kunfeng. Interpretations, including Mythical and Archetypal, of Golding’s “Lord of the Flies.” MA thesis, Guizhou Normal University (China), 2008. In Chinese. Liang, Xiaodong. Identity, Recognition and Reconstruction: The Mythic Depiction of the Female Characters in A.S. Byatt’s Early Novels. PhD dissertation, Shanghai International Studies University (China), 2008. In Chinese. Life, Patricia. Decline and Progress: The Portrayal of Age in Fiction by Mordecai Richler and Robertson Davies. MA thesis, Trent University (Canada), 2008. Lili, Zhao. Frye and His “Anatomy of Criticism.” MA thesis, Lanzhou University (China), 2008. In Chinese. Lipoma, Lorraine S. Laughing with Lucifer: Satan Comedy in American Literature and Popular Culture. PhD dissertation, Union Institute and University (USA), 2008. Liu, Haili. Literary Anthropology in Frye’s Thought. PhD dissertation, Shandong Normal University (China), 2008. In Chinese. Liu, Huaixin. The Archetypal Imagery in Chen Zhongshi’s “White Deer.” Shandong Normal University (China), 2008. In Chinese. Liu, Nian. Epic: A Return to a Spiritual Home. MA thesis, Zhejiang University (China), 2008. In Chinese. Liu, Tao. Biblical Archetypes in “Wuthering Heights.” MA thesis, Hunan Normal University (China), 2008. In Chinese. Lvman, Man. Archetypes in Golding’s “Lord of the Flies” and Conrad’s “Heart of Darkness.” MA thesis, Zhengzhou University (China), 2008. In Chinese. McKenna, Edward Francis. Live or Die: Unmasking the Mythologies of Anne Sexton’s Poetry. MA thesis, Montana State University (USA), 2008. McLeod, Tenielle Robyn. Modelling the Public Intellectual: The Case of Matthew Arnold. MA thesis, University of Saskatchewan (Canada), 2008. Marina, Andreja. T.S. Eliot i Northop Frye—književnost kao sustav, uloga pjesnika i književnog kritičara [Literature as a System, Role of Poet and Literary Critic]. PhD

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

dissertation, University of Zagreb (Croatia), 2008. In Croatian. Mercier, Jean-Pierre. La part du lecteur de textes littéraires dans la classe de français. [The Reader’s Contribution to Literary Texts in the French Class]. MA thesis, Université Laval (Canada), 2008. In French. Mompoint, Myriam. Symbolic Exchanges: Haiti, Brazil and the Ethnopoetics of Cultural Identity. PhD dissertation, University of Miami (USA), 2008. Morgan, Deirdre Anne Elizabeth. Organs and Bodies: The Jew’s Harp and the Anthropology of Musical Instruments. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2008. Naima, Maidi. Chinua Achebe, Robert Penn Warren, Joseph Conrad and Henrik Ibsen: Literary Affinities and Influences. MA thesis, University M’hamed Bougara at Boumerdés (Algeria), 2008. Neogi, Tamali. A Study of V.S. Naipaul’s Use of the Comic to Write the Exilic Experience. PhD dissertation, University of Burdwan (India), 2008. Nešporová, Olga. Reflexe smrti a pohřební obřady v současné české společnosti [Attitudes towards Death and Last Rites in Contemporary Czech Society]. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2008. In Czech. Nobell, Natasha Karin. Sous le signe de la croix: Un messianisme en mutation chez André Brochu, Hubert Aquin et Victor-Levy Beaulieu. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2008. Nordström Jacobsson, Monica. Peter Pohls litterära projekt: En tematisk studie med utgångspunkt i debutromanen Janne, min vän [Peter Pohl’s Literary Project: A Thematic Study Based on the Debut Novel, Janne, My Friend]. PhD dissertation, Umeå University (Sweden), 2008. In Swedish. Noreau-Carrier, Denyse. Les atrides et rivière éternité suivis de “une histoire idéale éternelle” (Essai) [The Atrium and Eternity River Followed by “an Eternal Ideal Story” (Essay)]. PhD dissertation, Université Laval (Canada), 2008. In French. Olander, Deborah Mutch. Illness Narratives in Nineteenth-Century German Instrumental Music. PhD dissertation, Florida State University (USA), 2008. Olsen, Runar Bruteig. “to and fro” Intermediale strategier i fire tekster av Samuel Beckett. [“To and fro” Intermedial Strategies in Four Texts by Samuel Beckett]. MA thesis, University of Bergen (Norway), 2008. In Norwegian. Oppolzer, Markus. Failed Rites of Passage in Early Gothic Fiction. PhD dissertation, University of Salzburg (Austria), 2008. Palau Sampio, Dolors. Estudi pragmaestilístic de la premsa escrita diària. Trets i usos estilístics en les distintes modalitats genèriques dels diaris d’informació general

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[Pragmatic Style-Study of the Daily Press: Styles and Stylistic Uses in the Different Generic Modalities of the Newspapers of General Information]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain), 2008. In Catalan. Poláková, Dora. Torrente Ballesterův román La saga/fuga de J.B. jako rehabilitace imaginativní prózy [Torrente Ballester’s Novel La saga/fuga de J.B. as a Rehabilitation of Imaginative Prose]. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2008. In Czech. Poorkalhor, Omid. A Critical Study of Black Aesthetics with Special Reference to Selected Novels of Richard Wright, James Baldwin and Toni Morrison. PhD dissertation, University of Pune (India), 2008. Purtill, Miriam. Brendan Kennelly’s Circle of Mythoi: A Hero-Quest for Spiritual Integration. PhD dissertation, University College Dublin, School of English, Drama and Film (Ireland), 2008. Quirt, Lyanne. The Universe and My Brain in a Jar: Canadians, Universities, and Indigenous Peoples. MA thesis, University of Victoria (Canada), 2008. Rae, Alice. McLuhan’s Unconscious. PhD dissertation, University of Adelaide (Australia), 2008. Rao, Jing. In the Beginning Was the Word: A Study of Northrop Frye. PhD dissertation, Fudan University (China), 2008. In Chinese. Rani, Ch. Sobha Supraja. Social Realism in Rama Sarma’s Plays. PhD dissertation, Sri Venkateswara Universit (India), 2008. Rocha Junior, Newton Ribeiro. Creator and Creature in William Gibson’s “Neuromancer”: The Promethean Motif in Science Fiction. MA thesis, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Brazil), 2008. Roger, Thierry. L’archive du Coup de dés: Étude critique de la réception de Un Coup de Dés jamais n’abolira le Hasard de Stéphane Mallarmé (1897–2007) [The Coup de dés Archive: A Critical Study of the Reception of A Coup de Dés Never Will Abolish the Chance of Stéphane Mallarmé (1897–2007)]. Doctoral thesis, Université Paris IV—Sorbonne (France). In French. Rogers, David T. An Archetypal Understanding of Solitude: García Márquez, Campbell, Frye and Magical Realism. MA thesis, California State University, Dominguez Hills (USA). Rosabella, R. Corneli Agnes. Technique as Revelation of the Psyche: A Study of the Book of Job and Psalms. PhD dissertation, Bharathiar University (India), 2008. Saint-Cyr, Yves. The Glass Bead Game: From Post-Tonal to Post-Modern. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2008. Schuberth, Jennifer M. Allegories of Annihilation: Porete’s “Mirror” and the Medieval Self. PhD dissertation, University of Chicago (USA), 2008.

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The Reception of Northrop Frye

Šidák, Pavel. Literatura architextového pnutí: Poetika posvátného [Literature of Architextual Tension: Poetics of the Sacred]. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2008. In Czech. Silva Rodríguez, Manuel Enrique. Las novelas históricas de Germán Espinosa. [The Historical Novels of Germán Espinosa]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain), 2008. In Spanish. Su, Yan. Looking Back on Paradise Lost: A Mythical and Archetypal Perspective on Literary Translation. PhD dissertation, Nankai University (China), 2008. Sultan, Quansar. Jahanamuk panun naar navele hund radi tashkeeli tareeke kar. PhD dissertation, University of Kashmir (Gujarati), 2008. In Gujarati. Taravati, Golzar. Porta: The Language of Doors. MA in Architecture thesis, University of Waterloo (Canada), 2008. Ternier Daniels, Elizabeth Frances. Savages versus Settlers, Wildness Versus Wheatfields: An Ecocritical Approach to the (European) Settlement Story in Early Canadian Prairie Fiction. PhD dissertation, University of Saskatchewan (Canada), 2008. Tous Rovirosa, Anna. El text audiovisual: Anàlisi des d’una perspectiva mediològica. [The Audiovisual Text: Analogy from a Media-logical Perspective]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain), 2008. In Catalan. Tubau Moreu, Xavier. Lope de Vega y las polémicas literarias de su época: Pedro de Torres Rámila y Diego de Colmenares. [Lope de Vega and the Literary Polemics of His Time: Pedro de Torres Rámila and Diego de Colmenares]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain), 2008. In Spanish. Tuček, Jaroslav. Power through Humour: Thomas King’s Strategies for Decolonizing Canada. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2008. Vevle, Invild Kleiveland. “Alle roser glør” Kjønna retorikk i fire dikt av Halldis Moren Vesaas [“All roses are glowing”: Gender Rhetoric in Four Poems by Halldis Moren Vesaas]. MA thesis, University of Bergen (Norway), 2008. In Norwegian. Vevle, Siri. “I give you the end of a golden string”; The Gothic Element in William Blake. MA thesis, University of Bergen (Norway), 2008. In Norwegian. Vickers, Patricia June. Ayaawx (Ts’msyen Ancestral Law): The Power of Transformation. PhD dissertation, University of Victoria, 2008. Wang, Jing. A Study of the Biblical Archetypes in Lawrence’s “Lady Chatterley’s Lover.” MA thesis, Ocean University of China, 2008. In Chinese. Wang Xinran. An Analysis of the Great Mother Archetype in D.H. Lawrence’s “Sons and Lovers.” MA thesis, Nanjing Normal University (China), 2008. In Chinese.

Wang, Xue. The Axis Mundi: The Foundation of Northrop Frye’s Literary Theory. MA thesis, Northeast Normal University (China), 2008. In Chinese. Woods, Christopher Huia. Masqueulinities. MA thesis, Auckland University of Technology (New Zealand), 2008. Wu, Ronglan. A Study of the Biblical Archetypes in D.H. Lawrence’s Major Novels. MA thesis, Xiamen University (China), 2008. In Chinese. Wu, Wei. The Christian Archetypal Meaning of Alcott’s “Little Women.” MA thesis, Central South University (China), 2008. In Chinese. Wu, Xiaopeng. A Mythical-Archetypal Analysis of Prometheus’ Liberation. MA thesis, Fujian Normal University (China), 2008. In Chinese. Yang, Ying. The Ambivalence of the Biblical Archetypes in Thomas Hardy’s “Far from the Madding Crowd.” MA thesis, Shanghai Normal University (China), 2008. In Chinese. Yu, Jie Yu. An Archetypal Analysis of Maxine Hong Kingston’s “The Woman Warrior.” MA thesis, Ludong University (China), 2008. In Chinese. Yun, Guo. In Quest of the Soul: An Analysis of Flannery O’Connor’s “Wise Blood” from the Perspectives of Archetypes and Displacement. MA thesis, Central South University (China), 2008. In Chinese. Zhang, Kai. Archetype and Allegory in “Journey to the West.” PhD dissertation, University of Victoria (Canada), 2008. Zhang, Shu Xiang. Archetypal Interpretation of the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. MA thesis, Zhengzhou University, 2008. In Chinese. Zhang, Weiwei. Archetypal Criticism of Willa Cather’s “O Pioneers.” MA thesis, Sichuan Normal University (China), 2008. In Chinese. Zhao, Lili. On Northrop Frye and Anatomy of Criticism. MA thesis, Lanzhou University (China), 2008. In Chinese. Zhao, Yunling. A Study of Archetypes in “The Great Gatsby.” MA thesis, Hebei Normal University (China), 2008. In Chinese. Zheng, Yanli. Traditional Culture with Poetic Wisdom. MA thesis, Shanghai Normal University (China), 2008. In Chinese. Zhou, Quan. QuikScan: Facilitating Document Use through Innovative Formatting. PhD dissertation, University of Washington (USA), 2008. 2009 Allen, Kerri Lynn Branham. An Apology for Thomas Churchyard. PhD dissertation, Georgia State University (USA), 2009. Andrès, Emmanuelle. Entre sacrifice et sacré: L’écriture de Toni Morrison [Between Sacrifice and the Sacred: The

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Fictions of Toni Morrison]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Tours (France). In French. Bargár, Pavol. Mýty moderného človeka: Aplikácia metódy “mýtického čítania” na vybrané diela svetovej literatúry 20. a 21 [Myths of the Contemporary Man: An Application of the “Mythic Reading” Method to the Selected Works of World Literature of the 20th and 21st Centuries]. Th.D dissertation, Protestant Theological Faculty, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2009. In Czech. Benoit, Aimee-Jo Elizabeth. The Scholar as Jazz Musician: Exploring the Role of Creativity in the Academic Study of Religion. MA thesis, University of Calgary (Canada), 2009. Blache, Sébastien. Le vertige des marges dans l’oeuvre de Salman Rushdie. Stratégies métaphoriques et métonymiques [The Vertigo of the Margins in the Work of Salman Rushdie: Metaphorical and Metonymic Strategies]. Doctoral thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle—Paris III (France), 2009. In French. Bolli, Matteo. Il genere contaminato: Il Noir secondo Joel e Ethan Coen [The Contaminated Genre: The Noir according to Joel and Ethan Coen]. Thesis di Laurea, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Brescia (Italy), 2009. In Italian. Brabec, Jan. Bergson, Scheler, Woolfová a mytologie “nového člověka” [Bergson, Scheler, Woolf, and the Mythology of a “New Man”]. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2009. In Czech. Brugger, Julia. Die Kategorien “Blick,” “Identität,” und “Kunst” im Werk von Cristina Peri Rossi um die Jahrtausendwende [The Categories “Look,” “Identity,” and “Art” in the Work of Cristina Peri Rossi at the Turn of the Millennium]. Diplomarbeit, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz (Austria), 2009. In German. Čapská, Veronica. Řád servitů a rekatolizační romance— Sebeprezentace církevního řádu v habsburské monarchii (1613–1780) [The Servites and the Recatholization Romance—the Self-Representation of a Religious Order in the Habsburgh Monarchy (1613–1780)]. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2009. In Czech. Chai, Huifang. Theories of the Symbol. MA thesis, Henan University (China), 2009. In Chinese. Chen Xiaoming. Signification, Dissemination and Subversion: A Deconstructive Reading of Faulkner’s Snopes Trilogy. PhD dissertation, Shanghai International Studies University (China), 2009. In Chinese. Chvosta, Ondřej. Superman: The American Nation and the Never-Ending Struggle. BA thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2009. Cowsill, Jay Arthur. Refractions from the Book of Amos: A Study of a Literature of Violence from Marxist and Freudian Perspectives. PhD dissertation, University of Saskatchewan (Canada), 2009.

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Covello, Elizabeth Jonquil. The Northwest Territories Reconstruction Project: Telling Our Stories. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2009. Covin, Carin L. Cartographies of Place and Identity. M.F.A. thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2009. Cremona, Nicholas. “Pleines de chair et de sang”: Poétique d’un “genre à succès,” l’histoire tragique [1559–1644]” [“Full of flesh and blood”: Poetic of a “genre to success,” “the tragic story ([1559–1644)”]. PhD dissertation, École doctorale Littérature française et comparée (France), in partnership with Formes et idées de la Renaissance aux Lumières (Paris), 2009. In French. Cubillos, Carolina. Beyond Magic Realism and Universal Archetypes: Understanding Gabriel García Márquez. MA thesis, California State University, Dominguez Hills (USA), 2009. Das, Pauline. The Politics of Survival in the Novels of Margaret Atwood. PhD dissertation, Bharathiar University (India), 2009. Denison, Sheri Ann. Walking through the Shadows: Ruins, Reflections, and Resistance in the Postcolonial Gothic Novel. PhD dissertation, Indiana University of Pennsylvania (USA), 2009. Derdowska, Joanna. Urbánní problematika a literární dílo—Městský prostor a jeho zobrazování v současné české literature [Urban Notions and a Literary Text— City Space and Its Representations in Contemporary Czech Literature]. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2009. In Czech. Derry, Ken. Uncomfortable Mirrors: Religion and Mimetic Violence in Contemporary Canadian Native Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2009. Deučmann, Ulrike. Aspects of Migration and Trans-­ Culturalism in Nino Ricci’s Trilogy: Lives of the Saints, In a Glass House, and Where She Has Gone. Diplomarbeit, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz (Austria), 2009. Duan, Jiang Yan. An Archetypal Interpretation of Joyce Carol Oates’s “Black Water.” MA thesis, Northwest Normal University (China), 2009. In Chinese. Dušáková, Hana. A Picture of Man in the Works of Endo Shusaku. BA thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2009. Ekren, Burcu. Greek Myths in Margaret Atwood’s The Blind Assassin: Daily Images of Women. MA thesis, Dokuz Eylül University (Turkey), 2009. Fang, Fang. Archetype of the Tragic Hero of “Moby Dick,” Captain Ahab. MA thesis, Northeast Normal University (China), 2009. In Chinese. Forsthoefel, Jennifer Rose. Naming Experience and Revealing Sentiment: The Archetypal Journey in Edna St Vincent Millay’s “Renascence.” MA thesis, Georgia State University (USA), 2009.

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The Reception of Northrop Frye

Freedman, Sarah Joy. Jesus and Kerygma: Retellings of the Jesus Myth in Four First Person Narratives. MA thesis, University of Manitoba (Canada), 2009. Gaikwad, Baliram Namdevrao. Exploring the Feminine Consciousness in Jeanette Winterson’s Fictional World. PhD dissertation, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University (India), 2009. Gybasová, Kristina. A Voice of One’s Own: The Construction of Identity and Gender in Margaret Laurence’s “Manawaka cycle” Texts. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2009. Haglunds, Magnus. Enemies of the People: Whistle-Blowing and the Sociology of Tragedy. PhD dissertation, Stockholms universitet (Sweden), 2009. Hai-one. Charles Frazier’s “Cold Mountain” and “The Odyssey”: A Comparative Study. MA thesis, Northeast Forestry University (China), 2009. In Chinese. Han, Rencheng. On the Archetypes in the Poetry of Walter de la Mare. MA thesis, Henan University (China), 2009. In Chinese. He, Chen. The Multiple Meanings of Drowning Imagery in Atwood’s Novels. MA thesis, Shandong Normal University (China), 2009. In Chinese. Holleis, Konrad. The Role of Nature in Jane Urquhart’s “The Whirlpool” and “A Map of Glass.” Diplomarbeit thesis, University of Vienna (Austria), 2009. Hong, Caroline Kyung. “Funny Asians”: Comedy and Humor in Asian American Literature, Film, and Popular Culture. PhD dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara (USA), 2009. Houghtby-Haddon, Natalie K. Changed Imagination, Changed Obedience: The Bent-over Woman as Social Vision in the Gospel of Luke. PhD dissertation, George Washington University (USA), 2009. Huangqi, Wang. Rural Consciousness in the Novels of Shen Congwen and the Modern Vernacular Novel. PhD dissertation, Fudan University (China), 2009. In Chinese. Huebner, Karla Tonine. Eroticism, Identity, and Cultural Context: Toyen and the Prague Avant-garde. PhD dissertation, University of Pittsburgh (USA), 2009. Hui, Andrew. The Poetics of Ruins: Vestigia, Monuments, and Writing Rome in Renaissance Poetry. PhD dissertation, Princeton University (USA), 2009. Keng, Shang-yu. Re-creating the Myths: Imagination and Native Identity in N. Scott Momaday’s “The Ancient Child.” MA thesis, National Taiwan Normal University (USA), 2009. Ko, Grace. Theodicy in Habakkuk. PhD dissertation, University of St. Michael’s College, University of Toronto (Canada), 2009. Kuny, Andrew Joseph. “The womb of nature and perhaps her grave”: “Paradise Lost” and the Counterplot of Chaos. MA thesis, Georgetown University (USA), 2009.

Kwan, Ng Chak. Performativity and the Invention of Subjectivity in William Wordsworth and T.S. Eliot. M.Phil. thesis, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 2009. Kynčlová, Tereza Jiroutová. Analýza Erbenovy Kytice v kontextu feministických literárních teorií. [An Analysis of Erben’s Bouquet within the Context of Feminist Literary Theories]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2009. In Czech. Landers, Matthew Scott. The Anatomy of Anatomia: Dissection and the Organization of Knowledge in British Literature, 1500–1800. PhD dissertation, Louisiana State University in Shreveport (USA), 2009. Larue-Tondeur, Josette. Ambivalence et énantiosémie [Ambivalence and Enantiosemia]. Doctoral thesis. Université de Nanterre–Paris X (France), 2009. In French. Leroux, Patrick. Le Québec en autoreprésentation: Le passage d’une dramaturgie de l’identitaire à celle de l’individu [Quebec in Self-Representation: The Transition from a Dramaturgy of the Identity to That of the Individual]. PhD dissertation, Doctoral School Arts and Media (Paris), in partnership with Institute of Research in Theatre Studies (France), 2009. In French. Li, Bin. The Modern Pursuit of the Truth: Archetypal Narrative and Imagery in Conrad’s “Heart of Darkness.” MA thesis, Northwest Normal University (China), 2009. In Chinese. Li, Peng. The Fable of Recognition: A Study of Northrop Frye as a Prophet. MA thesis, Shandong University (China), 2009. In Chinese. Liang, Hongyan. Archetypal Motifs in Harry Potter. MA thesis, South China University of Technology (China), 2009. Liu, Jie. Archetypes of Imagery and Form in George Herbert’s Poetry.” MA thesis, Hebei Normal University (China), 2009. In Chinese. Liu, Juan. An Analysis of the Biblical Archetypes in Flannery O’Connor’s Short Stories. MA thesis, Jiangnan University (China), 2009. In Chinese. Liu, Xiaoli. Frye’s “Great Code”: Characteristics of Biblical Interpretation. MA thesis, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (China), 2009. In Chinese. Liu, Yi. Confrontation and Integration: On the Seasonal Mythoi of Amy Tan’s “The Joy Luck Club.” MA thesis, Beijing Jiaotong University, 2009. In Chinese. López de Goicoechea Saiz, María Victoria. El exilio interior en los “Statische Gedichte” (1948) de Gottfried Benn y “Sombra del paraíso” (1944) de Vicente Aleixandre [The Interior Exile in the “Statische Gedichte” (1948) by Gottfried Benn and “Shadow of Paradise” (1944) by Vicente Aleixandre]. PhD dissertation, Universidad de Navarra (Spain), 2009. In Spanish.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Lu, Chunlin. The Modern American Myth of Cultural Integration in Maxine Hong Kingston’s “The Woman Warrior.” MA thesis, Northeast Normal University (China), 2009. In Chinese. Maa, Yan. A Myth-Archetypal Perspective on Fitzgerald’s “The Great Gatsby.” MA thesis, Hebei Normal University (China), 2009. In Chinese. Macák, Marek. Metateorie v psycoterapii: Realismus, antirealismus a kritická hermeneutika jako třetí alternativa [Metatheory in Psychotherapy: Realism, Antirealism, and Critical Hermeneutics as the Third Alternative]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2009. In Czech. Malyadri, Y. Quest for Identity in the Novels of Margaret Laurence. PhD dissertation, Sri Venkateswara University (India), 2009. Marí Aguilar, Anna Rosa. La recepció del teatre britànic contemporani a l’Estat espanyol (1956–2004). PhD dissertation, Universitat de València (Spain), 2009. In Catalan. Masinter, Carol Kristine. Fred Vargas: Les echos d’autres mondes [Echoes from Other Worlds]. MA thesis, San Diego State University (USA), 2009. In French. Mayea, Liesder. Contexts for Don Quixote and Quixotism: Beyond Hero or Fool. PhD dissertation, University of California, Riverside (USA), 2009. Meng, Xian Zhi. On Northrop Frye’s Myth-Archetypal Criticism. PhD dissertation, Sun Yat-Sen University (China), 2009. Min, Min. Frye’s View of the Scapegoat Myth in Arthur Miller’s “Death of a Salesman” and “All My Sons.” MA thesis, Yunnan Normal University (China), 2009. In Chinese. Nagya Naik, B.H. Tradition and Modernity: A Study of Girish Karnad’s Plays. PhD dissertation, Kuvempu University (India), 2009. Nguyen, Duc. Deus-ex-machina: A Modern Skeptic’s Relentless Scrutiny of the Production of Ethics in Post-Colonial Literature and Postcolonialism. PhD dissertation, George Washington University (USA), 2009. Pagán Cánovas, Cristóbal. La emisión erótica en la poesía griega: Una familia de redes de integración conceptual desde la antigüedad hasta el siglo XX. [The Erotic Emission in Greek Poetry: A Family of Conceptual Integration Networks from Antiquity to the Twentieth Century]. PhD dissertation, Universidad de Murcia (Spain), 2009. In Spanish. Papaseit Fernández, Beatriz. The Vanishing Cowboy and the Unfading Indian: Manhood, Iconized Masculinity and National Identity in Larry McMurtry’s “Lonesome Dove” and James Welch’s “Fools Crow” and “The Heartsong of Charging Elk. PhD dissertation, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain), 2009.

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Peng, Li. Re-entering the Allegory of the Divine Spirit: Frye’s Prophetic Study. MA thesis, Shan Dong University (China). In Chinese. Pensdorfová, Olga. James Bond: Filmová série z hlediska narativní mytologizace [James Bond: The Film Series Analyzed from the Point of Narrative Mythmaking]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2009. In Czech. Peterson, Brian Neil. Ezekiel in Context: Ezekiel’s Message Understood in Its Historical Setting of Covenant Curses and Ancient Near Eastern Mythological Motifs. PhD dissertation, University of St. Michael’s College, University of Toronto (Canada), 2009. Powe, Bruce W. Critical Agon, Apocalyptic Orchestration: Conflict and Complementarity in the Thought and Writings of Marshall McLuhan and Northrop Frye. PhD dissertation, York University (Canada), 2009. Říha, Ivo. Dílo Karoliny Světlé v diskurzu literární kritiky druhé poloviny devatenáctého století (možnosti četby národní literatury) [Karolina Svetla’s Works in the Discourse of Literary Critics of the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century (Ways to Read National Literature). PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2009. In Czech. Qin, Yu. Research on Northrop Frye’s Critical Thought. PhD dissertation, Renmin University of China, 2009. In Chinese. Roux, Pascale. Georges Henein: Écritures polémiques [Georges Henein: Polemical Writings]. Doctoral School of French and Comparative Literature (France), in partnership with the Centre for Research on the Writings of Modernity (Paris) (France), 2009. In French. Salvador Vélez, Gonzalo. Borges y la Biblia: Presencia de la Biblia en la obra de Jorge Luis Borges [Borges and the Bible: The Presence of the Bible in the Work of Jorge Luis Borges]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (Spain), 2009. In Spanish. Samundeeswari, N. Vijaya. Selected Novels of Jack London and Their Theoretical Precursors: A Study. PhD dissertation, Bharathiar University (India), 2009. Santos, Tania Lima dos. A (re)escritura mítica do sebastianismo no Romance d’A Pedra do Reino, de Ariano Suassuna [The Mythical (Re)Writing of Sebastianism in the Romance of the Stone of the Kingdom by Ariano Suassuna]. PhD dissertation, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (Brazil), 2009. In Portuguese. Shi, Gao Xian. The Myth-Archetypal Plot Structure in Iris Murdoch’s Novel “The Bell.” MA thesis, Tohoku University (China), 2009. In Chinese. Šilpochová, Michaela. Beyond Words: Visual Aspects in the Work of Virginia Woolf. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2009.

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Simonson, Martin. La exploración de los límites del diálogo intertradicional en “The Lord of the Rings.” [Exploring the Boundaries of Intertraditional Dialogue in “The Lord of the Rings”]. PhD dissertation, Universidad del País Vasco (Spain), 2009. In Spanish. Sims, Harley Jerrod. Countries of the Mind: Conceptualizing Imaginative Reality in “Beowulf” and Other Medieval Narratives. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2009. Steelman, Sheridan Lynn. Transcending Tragedy: The Power of the Green World in Renaissance Drama. MA thesis, Grand Valley State University (USA), 2009. Storchová, Barbara. Pohádka a svět: Interpretace pohádek v kulturologické perspective [Fairy Tale and the World: Interpretation of Fairy Tales under the Perspective of Theory of Culture. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2009. In Czech. Studený, Jiří. Dramata jazyka. Teorie literatury a praxe tvurčního psaní [Language Dramas: Theory of Literature and Creative Writing Practice]. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2009. In Czech. Su, Yan. Looking Back on the Lost Spiritual Home: The Archetype as the Threshold of Literary Translation Studies. PhD dissertation, Nankai University (China), 2009. In Chinese. Sujatha, P. The Plays of Arthur Miller: A Critical Analysis of Class Consciousness, Social Determinism, Success Myth, Identity, and Crafted Dramaturgy. PhD dissertation, Bharathiar University (India), 2009. Sumathi, R. Endangered Spaces and the Geography of Gender: An Ecofeminist Reading of Margaret Atwood’s Poetry. PhD dissertation, Bharathiar University (India), 2009. Thompson, Peter. Ambivalent Constructions of Nature and Region in Lynn Coady’s Fiction: An Ecocritical Reading. PhD dissertation, Carleton University (Canada), 2009. Tobiašová, Veronika. El concepto del espacio en la obra literaria de Jorge Luis Borges y Adolfo Bioy Casares. [The Concept of Space in the Literary Work of Jorge Luis Borges and Adolfo Bioy Casares]. Diploma thesis, Univerzita Karlova V Praze (Czech Republic), 2009. In Spanish. Upshaw, Quincey Vierling. Structural Polarities in J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings. MA thesis, University of South Florida (USA), 2009. Wang, Jiequn. Northrop Frye: Cultural Criticism as a Dimension of Literary Theory. MA thesis, Xiangtan University (China), 2009. In Chinese. Wan, Pei. Biblical Archetypes in Colleen McCullough’s “The Thorn Birds.” MA thesis, Shandong University (China), 2009. In Chinese. Wang, Qi. The Rural Consciousness and Original Feelings of Shen Congwen’s Novels and the Form of Modern Chinese.

PhD dissertation, Fudan University (China), 2009. In Chinese. Wang, Qin. An Archetypal Interpretation of Faulkner’s “The Sound and the Fury.” MA thesis, Hefei University (China), 2009. Wang, Xiaoyan. The Classical Myth of Displacement in the Fiction of Eudora Welty. MA thesis, Central China Normal University, 2009. In Chinese. Warfield, Angela Marie. Utopia Unlimited: Reassessing American Literary Utopias. PhD dissertation, University of Iowa (USA), 2009. Wijkmark, Sofia. Hemsökelser: Gotiken i sex berättelser av Selma Lagerlöf [Hauntings: The Gothic in Six Short Stories by Selma Lagerlöf]. PhD dissertation, Karlstads Universitet (Sweden), 2009. In Swedish. Xiaoli, Liu. Features of Biblical Interpretation in Frye’s “Great Code.” MA thesis, Shanghai Jiaotong University (China) 2009. In Chinese. Yi, Ding Shan. A Study of the Concepts of Unity and Harmony in Hart Crane’s “The Bridge,” Using Frye’s Archetypal Theory. MA thesis, Guizhou University (China), 2009. In Chinese. Ying-Hui, Wang. On Humanism and Puritanism in Hawthorne’s “The Scarlet Letter.” MA thesis, Shaanxi Normal University (China), 2009. In Chinese. Yorke, Stephanie. The Truroiad. MA thesis, University of New Brunswick (Canada), 2009. Yungblut, Christopher. Implicit Religion in Canadian Film: A New Frontier. MA thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland (Canada), 2009. Zavala Scherer, Diego. La poética del sujeto y el mito democrático americano: Los documentales televisivos de la guerra de Irak [The Poetics of the Subject and the American Democratic Myth: The Television Documentaries of the Iraq War]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (Spain), 2009. In Spanish. Zbytovský, Štěpán. Mythologie und Geschichte: Studien zur deutschen Literatur der Romantik und der frühen Nachkriegszeit (1945–1953) [Mythology and History: Studies on the Literature of German Romanticism and Postwar Period (1945–1953)]. PhD dissertation. Charles University (Czech Republic), 2009. In German. Zhang, Fan. Exploring the American Middle-Aged Psychological Changes in Classic Novels by Ernest Hemingway, Saul Bellow, and Joyce Carol Oates.” MA thesis, Heilongjiang University (China), 2009. In Chinese. Zhang, Zhan. On Romance [On A.S. Byatt’s Possession as a Romance in Frye’s Sense]. MA thesis, Shanghai International Studies University (China), 2009. In Chinese. Zhang, Lili. Places, People, Structure: An Archetypal Analysis of Colleen McCullough’s “The Thorn Birds.” MA thesis, Shanxi University (China), 2009. In Chinese.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

2010 Adamson, Katherine. “A bit of unoriginal sin”: Allusions to the Fall in Selected Novels of Anthony Burgess. PhD dissertation, University of Liverpool (United Kingdom), 2010. Ady, Michael P. An Analysis of John Steinbeck’s “East of Eden” Using Northrop Frye’s Theory of Archetypes. MA thesis, California State University, Dominquez Hills (USA), 2010. Allen, Margaret. Sir Edmund Gosse as a Critical Biographer. MA thesis, University of Saskatchewan (Canada), 2010. Anderson, John E. Jacob and the Divine Trickster: A Theology of Deception and YHWH’s Fidelity to the Ancestral Promise in the Jacob Cycle. PhD dissertation, Baylor University (USA), 2010. Anuradha, P. Virtuous vs. Vicious: A Study of Woman from the Biblical Perspective as Portrayed in the Selected Novels of Indian Writing in English. PhD dissertation, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (India), 2010. Aruna, Marie Josephine A. Patriarchal Myths in Postmodern Feminist Fiction: A Select Study. PhD dissertation, Pondicherry University (India), 2010. Baby, K.T. Violence in the Poetry of Ted Hughes: An Organic Growth. PhD dissertation, Mahatma Gandhi University (India), 2010. Baker, Coleman A. Identity, Memory, and Prototypicality in Early Christianity: Peter, Paul, and Recategorization in the Acts of the Apostles. PhD dissertation. Texas Christian University (USA), 2010. Banning, Philip G. Reading and Responsibility: The Grammar of the Inexpressible and the Poiesis of Religious Belief. PhD dissertation, University of Denver (USA), 2010. Banting, Sarah Lynn. Common Ground and the City: Assumed Community in Vancouver Fiction and Theatre. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2010. Barton, Casey Clarence. Preaching for Participation in God’s Drama in the World Today: Anachronism as Dramatic Theological Device. PhD dissertation, University of St. Michael’s College, University of Toronto (Canada), 2010. Bates, Matthew W. Paul and the Hermeneutics of the Apostolic Kerygma: Reassessing Paul’s Scriptural Interpretation in Light of His Hermeneutical Statements and His Prosopological Exegesis. PhD dissertation, University of Notre Dame (USA), 2010. Bernardini, Ilaria. Un romanzo gotico canadese: “Alias Grace” di Margaret Atwood [A Canadian Gothic Novel: Alias Grace by Margaret Atwood]. Tesi di Laurea, Università degli Studi di Pisa (Italy), 2010.

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Borovička, Lukáš. Literatura jako interpretace světa: Nástin kulturních dějin Československa třicátých let [Literature as an Interpretation of the World. ČSR in 1930s]. Rigorosum thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2010. In Czech. Butcher, Brian A. Figuring Liturgically: A Ricoeurian Analysis of the Byzantine-Rite “Great Blessing of Water.” PhD dissertation, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. Campbell, Richard Brett. Assisting the Effoliation of Creation: J.R.R. Tolkien’s Sub-Creation Theory and C.S. Lewis’s Imagination. PhD dissertation, Union Institute and University (USA), 2010. Cassinger, Cecilia. Retailing Retold: Unfolding the Process of Image Construction in Everyday Practice. PhD dissertation, Lund University (Sweden), 2010. Chandrasekar, R. Religion as Central Principle in the Selected Works of T.S. Eliot and Tholkappiar: A Comparative Study. PhD dissertation, Bharathiar University (India), 2010. Chang, Yu. Exploring the Theatrical Archetype of the Yu Offering. MA thesis, Lanzhou University (China), 2010. In Chinese. Cho, Jae Hyung. Johannine Eucharist in the Light of Greco-Roman Religion. PhD dissertation, Claremont Graduate University (USA), 2010. Cimala, Peter. Svoboda v listu Galatským: Eleutheria jako soteriologická metafora [Freedom in the Letter to the Galatians: Eleutheria as a Soteriological Metaphor]. PhD dissertation, Protestant Theological Faculty, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2010. In Czech. Coelho, Kamilla Kristina Sousa França. Faces do sem nome: O imaginário de Deus em poemas malditos, gozosos e devotos, de Hilda Hilst [Faces of the Unnamed: The Imaginary of God in Cursed, Joyful, and Devout Poems, by Hilda Hilst. MA thesis, Federal University of Uberlândia (Brazil), 2010. In Portuguese. Dash, Debapriya. Myth as Literary Strategy: A Critique of Northrop Frye. PhD dissertation, Utkai University (India), 2010. Daya Kumari, T. Glory. The Theme of Quest in the Novels of Margaret Laurence. PhD dissertation, Sri Krishnadevaraya University (India), 2010. Ding, Shuangmei. The Biblical Archetype as the Threshold of “Hamlet.” MA thesis, Hunan Normal University (China), 2010. In Chinese. Ding, Sun. The Development and Practice of Archetypal Criticism in China. MA thesis, Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences (China), 2010. In Chinese. Doležal, Petra Mrduljaš. Struktura i ideologija prapriče u opusu J.R.R. Tolkiena [Structure and Ideology in the Opus of J.R.R. Tolkien]. PhD dissertation, University of Zagreb (Croatia), 2010. In Croatian.

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The Reception of Northrop Frye

Du, M.Y. An Inquiry into Jameson’s Theory of Literary Form. PhD dissertation, Suzhou University (China), 2010. Eapen, Indhu M. Myth and the Postcolonial A Study of Selected Indian Novels. PhD dissertation, English and Foreign Languages University, Hyderabad (India), 2010. Farren, Katrina Mcneely. Narrative Identity in Paul Ricoeur and Luce Irigaray: The Circularity between Self and Other. PhD dissertation, Michigan Technological University (USA), 2010. Fosse, Siril Eldevik. Giudici banditi e giudici danzatori: Uno studio sulla relazione tra storia e finzione letteraria nella narrativa di Sergio Atzeni [A Study of the Relationship between History and Literary Fiction in the Narrative of Sergio Atzeni]. MA thesis, University of Bergen (Norway), 2010. In Italian. Gao, Lin. On the Archetype of the Hero in Irish Renaissance Drama. MA thesis, Guangxi Normal University (China), 2010. In Chinese. Getz, Johan Fredrik. Komedie med bismak. Betraktninger om det groteske i Philip Roths The Breast, The Professor of Desire og The Dying Animal. [Comedy with Off-flavour: Considerations about the Grotesque in Philip Roth’s The Breast, The Professor of Desire, and The Dying Animal]. MA thesis, University of Bergen (Norway), 2010. In Norwegian. Grafton, Kathryn. Paying Attention to Public Readers of Canadian Literature: Popular Genre Systems, Publics, and Canons. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2010. Halpe, Aparna. Between Myth and Meaning: The Function of Myth in Four Postcolonial Novels. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2010. Harischandra, R.R. Make Up and Costume as a Silent Text: Explorations in the Art Form of Cindu Madigas. PhD dissertation, University of Hyderabad (India), 2010. Hesová, Petra. Romantické povídky Karla Sabiny [Romantic Short Stories of Karel Sabina]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2010. In Czech. Hinkson, Warren. Morrison, Bambara, Silko: Fractured and Reconstructed Mythic Patterns in “Song of Solomon,” “The Salt Eaters,” and “Ceremony.” PhD dissertation, Université Laval (Canada), 2010. Holston, Jan Alexia. Big Mama and the Whistlin’ Woman: A Theory of African-American Archetypes. PhD dissertation, Clark Atlanta University (USA), 2010. Huang, Hua. A Study of the Archetype of the Hero in the Coverage of Disaster News. MA thesis, Xiangtan University (China), 2010. In Chinese. Ivancu, Emilia Georgeta. Games of Identity and Alterity in the Novels of Salman Rushdie and V.S. Naipaul. PhD dissertation, Babeș-Bolyai University of Cluj Napoca (Romania), 2010.

Jacoponi, Tiziana. Cristina Comencini: Cinécritures— Femmes [Cristina Comencini: Screenplay Writers— Women]. PhD dissertation, University of Paris, in cotutelle with l’Università degli studi Roma Tre (France), 2010. Jiahua, Liu. The Unceasing Exploration of the Mysterious: The Archetypal Structure of Fall and Return in John Fowles’ “The Magus.” MA thesis, Yangzhou University (China), 2010. In Chinese. Jun, Feng. The Paradigm Shift in Anglo-American Literary Criticism in the Twentieth Century. MA thesis, Heilongjiang University (China), 2010. In Chinese. Kala, A. The Hindu Vision: A Comparative Study of Select Writings of Raja Rao and L.S. Ramamirtham. PhD dissertation, Pondicherry University (India), 2010. Kamal, Md Shahid. The Design of Benevolence in the Last Plays of Shakespeare. PhD dissertation, Aligarh Muslim University (India), 2010. King, Carlyle. Sir Edmund Gosse as a Critical Biographer. MA thesis, University of Saskatchewan (Canada), 2010. Kocsis, Géza. Liberation Stories in Turgenev’s Short Story Entitled “Spring Torrents:” The Forms of the Rewriting of Ancient Heritage in the Process of Culture. PhD dissertation, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest (Hungary), 2010. Koehler, Daniel J. Contested Enchantments: Evangelical Revival and the Global Dimensions of National Religious Conflict in the German Empire, 1870–1914. PhD dissertation, University of Chicago (USA), 2010. Lamb, Wendy Nicole. A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Cinema: Shakespeare’s Comedies in Film and Television. PhD dissertation, University of California, Riverside (USA), 2010. Lande, Joel B. Nomadic Stages: On the Emergence of Literary Drama in the Age of Enlightenment. PhD dissertation, University of Chicago (USA), 2010. Lepage, Martin. Mort et naissance de Christophe Ulric et l’Ombre et le double d’Yvon Rivard: Lecture mythocritique d’une quête spirituelle [Death and Birth of Christophe Ulric and the Shadow and Double of Yvon Rivard: Mythological Reading of a Spiritual Quest]. MA thesis, Université Laval (Canada), 2010. In French. Levin, Janina. Modern Reinterpretations of the Cuckold. PhD dissertation, Temple University (USA), 2010. Li, Jie. A Study of the Form and Content of the Ye Guangqin Family Novels. MA thesis, Henan University (China), 2010. In Chinese. Linan, Kathryn Victoria. Molière’s Heavy Fathers: An Analysis of the Behaviour and Representation of Three Tyrannical Patriarchs. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2010. Low, Katherine. Domestic Disputations at the Dung Heap: A Reception History of Job and His Wife in Christianity

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

of the West. PhD dissertation, Texas Christian University (USA), 2010. Lozano de la Pola, Ana. Literatura comparada feminista y estudios Gender and Genre: recorriendo las fronteras de lo fantástico a través de algunos cuentos escritos por mujeres [Comparative Feminist Literature and Gender and Genre Studies: Crossing the Borders of the Fantastic through Some Stories Written by Women]. PhD dissertation, Universitat de València (Spain), 2010. In Spanish. Luger, Moberley. Poetry after 9/11: Constructing the Memory of Crisis. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2010. McDonie, Lynn. Anxiety and Escape: Archetypes in Male Quest Romances of the Late 19th Century. MA thesis, California State University, Dominguez Hills (USA), 2010. Marczyk, Marta Bernadete Frolini de Aguiar. A interpretação tipológica da Bíblia e seus reflexos na representação do povo hermeneuticsu [The Typological Interpretation of the Bible and Its Reflections on the Representation of the Jewish People]. PhD dissertation, Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade São Paulo (Brazil), 2010. In Portuguese. Mardiana, Faith. Symbolic Meaning in Charles Dickens’s Short Story No. 1. Undergraduate thesis, UNIKOM (Indonesian Computer University) (Indonesia), 2010. In Indonesian. Mash, Mark Christopher. Humor and Ethnography in Herodotus’ “Histories.” PhD dissertation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA), 2010. Meena, R. Space: A Configuration of Environment Identity and Religion in the Oeuvre of Mordecai Richler. PhD dissertation, Madurai Kamraj University (India), 2010. Mooney, Joshua A. Burning Sensations: How the Devils in William Blake’s “Marriage of Heaven and Hell” Illustrate the Creation of New Texts. BA thesis, University of Toledo (USA), 2010. Moyer, James F. The Passion of Abolitionism: How Slave Martyrdom Obscures Slave Labor. PhD dissertation, Princeton University (USA), 2010. Napoli, Gabrille. La représentation de l’écrivain face à l’Histoire dans les récits d’Antonio Tabucchi et d’Imre Kertész: une littérature responsible]. [The Writer’s Portrayal of History in the Stories of Antonio Tabucchi and Imre Kertész: A Responsible Literature]. PhD dissertation, École doctorale Littérature française et comparée (Paris), in partnership with the Centre d’études et de recherches comparatistes (France), 2010. In French. Nicolet Anderson, Valerie. Constructing the Self: Thinking with Paul and Michel Foucault. PhD dissertation, Emory University (USA), 2010. Nikolić, Časlav. Докторска дисертација Наслов: Политички и идеолошки хоризонт романа, есеја и

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новинских чланака Милоша Црњанског [The Political and Ideological Horizon of the Novels, Essays and Newspaper Articles by Miloš Crnjanski]. PhD dissertation, University of Kragujevac (Serbia), 2010. In Serbian. O’Donnell, Devin Patrick. The Typological Imagination: The Bible, Flannery O’Connor, and the Medieval Catholic Mind. MA thesis, California State University, Dominguez Hills (USA), 2010. Oliveira, Florêncio Caldas de. O ensino de literatura na perspectiva dos gêneros literários: Uma proposta de trabalho [The Teaching of Literature in the Perspective of Literary Genres: A Proposal of Work]. PhD dissertation, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (Brazil), 2010. In Portuguese. Pati, Ranjita. Representation of Women in Anita Desai’s Novels. PhD dissertation, Sambalpur University (Brazil), 2010. Peng, Yi Zi. Frye’s Poetic Succession to Vico. MA thesis, Peking University (China), 2010. Poštulková, Michaela. Hudební recenze jako součást masové kultury [Music Reviews as Part of Mass Culture]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2010. In Czech. Preston, Ryan Patrick. The “Eternal Return” of the Byzantine Icon: Sacred and Secular in the Art of Photis Kontoglou. PhD dissertation, Harvard University (USA), 2010. Rahman, Anisur. A Study of the Background of Mahjar Literature in Arabic and Its Impact on the Works of Jibran Khalil Jibran since 1920–1944. PhD dissertation, Gauhati University (India), 2010. Ramaswamy, Shobha. Archetypes in Fantasy Fiction: A Study of J.R.R. Tolkien and J.K. Rowling. PhD dissertation, Bharathiar University (India), 2010. Rani Shanmugavadivoo, A. The Oeuvres of Saul Bellow, Bernard Malamud, and Philip Roth: A Critical Comparative Study of Identity, Freedom, Racism, and Americanism. PhD dissertation, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University (India), 2010. Raval, Raviraj J. Shakespeare and Bhasa as the Writers of Comedy: A Comparative Study. PhD dissertation, Krantiguru Shyamji Krishna Verma Kachchh University (India), 2010. Rivers, Kelly A. “Not for an age, but for all time”: Shakespeare’s Romantic Comedies on Film. PhD dissertation, University of Tennessee (USA), 2010. Risa, Sigrun. Vil du meg noko? Ei lesing av Johan Harstad sin roman Hässelby [Do You Want Me Any? A Reading by Johan Harstad’s Novel Hässelby]. MA thesis, Bergen University (Norway), 2010. In Norwegian. Rix, Charles M. Carnivalizing Sinai: A Bakhtinian Reading of Exodus 32. PhD dissertation, Drew University (USA), 2010. Rossing, Jonathan Paul. Just Joking: Racial Comedy, Rhetorical Education, and Democratic Style. PhD dissertation, Indiana University (USA), 2010.

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The Reception of Northrop Frye

Sabo, Peter J. Impossible Mourning: Lamentations as a Text of Melancholia. MA thesis, University of Alberta (Canada), 2010. Scott, Cheryl Modlin. Voices of Desire: Heteroglossia in Graham Greene’s “The End of the Affair.” MA thesis, East Carolina University (USA), 2010. Sealey-Morris, Gabriel S. William Blake’s Tractates: Lessons in Prophetic Encounter. PhD dissertation, University of Georgia (USA), 2010. Serra Lopes, Francisco. De mystica sive obscenum: Hermenèutica negativa com a procés de compresió de la poesia de Fernando Echeverría i com a via d’autoconeixement del lector [De mystica sive obscenum: Negative Hermeneutics as a Process of Compression in the Poetry of Fernando Echeverría and as a Way of Self-knowledge of the Reader]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (Spain), 2010. In Catalan. Shields, James Mark. The Lure of Disillusion: Toward a Reappraisal of Realism in Religious Understanding. MA thesis, Bucknell University (USA), 2010. Shutao, Zuo. The Structural Configuration of the Characters in Eileen Chang’s Novels from the Perspective of Jung and Frye. MA thesis, Lanzhou University (China), 2010. In Chinese. Smith, Allison. The Study of Religion: A Methodological Critique and the Construction of a Playful Postmodern Dialectic. MA thesis, University of Colorado at Boulder (USA), 2010. Smith, Leslie Marie. An Archetypal Study of “The Portrait of a Lady” and “The Awakening.” MA thesis, California State University, Dominguez Hills (USA), 2010. Smither, Devon. Identity Crisis: The Nude in 1930s Modern Canadian Art. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2010. Socha, Jan. Utváření a proměny historických narativů v době společenských a politických změn v průběhu let 1988–1990 [The Transformation of Historical Narratives during the Social and Political Turning Point of 1988–1990]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2010. In Czech. Špánková, Silvie. António Lobo Antunes: Rozpětí románu [António Lobo Antunes: Extent of a Novel]. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2010. In Czech. Stock, Richard Thomas. The Puzzle Novel. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2010. Strang, Brent. “I am not the fine man you take me for”: The Postmortem Western from Unforgiven to No Country for Old Men. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2010. Stumm, Bettina Marie. Witnessing Others: Ethical Responsibility in Relational Life Writing. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2010.

Sundaram, R. George Herbert and Nammazhvar: A Comparative Study. PhD dissertation, Pondicherry University (India), 2010. Sunkanna, A. Existential Theatre: A Study of Mahesh Elkunchwar’s Select Plays. PhD dissertation, Sri Krishnadevaraya University (India), 2010. Thomas, Leslee. Parody and Politics in Post-colonial Fiction the Indian Experience with Particular Reference to Shashi Tharoor’s the Great Novel. PhD dissertation, Mahatma Gandhi University (India), 2010. Timar, Cristina. The Novels of Transition. PhD dissertation, Petru Maior University of Targu-Mures, (Romania), 2010. Tong, Yue. A Study of Lawrence’s “Sons and Lovers” from the Perspective of Its Biblical Archetypes. MA thesis, Sichuan Normal University (China), 2010. In Chinese. Tóth, Gábor. Northrop Frye: Az irodalomtudomány magányos alakja? [Northrop Frye: The Solitary Figure of Literary Studies?]. MA thesis, Eötvös Loránd Tudomány egyetem (Hungary), 2010. In Hungarian. Tordicá, Gianina. A Race of Giants on the Western Trails: A Study of the Great Narrative of the American West. PhD dissertation, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași (Romania), 2010. Ullyot, Jonathan Robert Stefan. The Quest to Fail: Kafka, Celine, and Beckett. PhD dissertation, University of Chicago (USA), 2010. Umesh, G.N. A Typological Study of Characters in R.K. Narayan’s Novels. PhD dissertation, Kuvempu University (India), 2010. Vågane, Erlend Ytre-Arne. Bymotivet i Lawrence Durrells The Alexandrine Quartet [City Life in Lawrence Durrell’s Alexandrine Quartet]. MA thesis, University of Bergen (Norway), 2010. In Norwegian. Verduzco, Raul Carlos. Memory and Resistance: Representations of Subjectivity in the Contemporary Latin American Novel. PhD dissertation, Yale University (USA), 2010. Villalobos Mendoza, Manuel. Abject Bodies in Mark’s Passion Narrative: A Butlerian Interpretation by a Mexicano del otro lado [Abject Bodies in Mark’s Passion Narrative: A Butlerian Interpretation by a Mexican from the Other Side]. PhD dissertation, Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary (USA), 2010. Vincelette, Elizabeth J. Genre, Database, and the Anatomy of the Digital Database. PhD dissertation, Old Dominion University (USA), 2010. Wilcox, Mary Elizabeth. Canadian Cultural Identity, Disillusionment, and Isolation in Contemporary Realistic Canadian Young Adult Fiction. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2010. Wiseman, Wendy A. Nietzsche Wept: The Morality of Pity, Ambivalence, and the Gods. PhD dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara (USA), 2010.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Wan, Mu. Mythological Approach to Oe Kenzaburo and Gao Xingjian’s Novels—Myth-Making in “The Silent Cry” and “Soul Mountain.” PhD dissertation, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 2010. Wang, Sheng. A Study of Khaled Hosseini’s “The Kite Runner” from the Perspective of Archetypal Theory. MA thesis, Nanjing Institute of Technology (China), 2010. In Chinese. Wang, Jing. A Study of the Musical Language and Structure of Shostakovich’s Late String Quartets. PhD dissertation, Shanghai Conservatory of Music (China), 2010. In Chinese. Watkins, Paul. Voice in Text: Translating Orality in Robert Bringhurst’s A Story as Sharp as a Knife, Harry Robinson’s Write it on Your Heart, and War Party’s The Reign. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2010. Williams, Nicholas Morrow. The Brocade of Words: Imitation Poetry and Poetics in the Six Dynasties. PhD dissertation, University of Washington (USA), 2010. Wood, Lawrence. Unique and Similar: A Short-Term Pastor Attempts to Help Church Members Identify Historic Reactions to Leadership. D.Min. dissertation, Princeton Theological Seminary (USA), 2010. Xu, Feng. A Discussion of the Archetype in Modern and Contemporary Chinese Novels. PhD dissertation, Lanzhou University (China). In Chinese. Yamakami, Brenda Karen Akimi. Interpretations of History and Culture in Japanese- and Chinese-Canadian Picturebooks: A New Historical Approach. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2010. Ye, Luofu. Yi Danyili shu di qi zhang he Di er ci wen yi fu xing wei li [Understanding Hebrew Biblical Apocalypse in the Light of Modern Films]. PhD dissertation, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 2010. In Chinese. Zedolik, John. The Transcendent Comedy of the “Canterbury Tales”: Harmony in “Quyting,” Harmony in Fragmentation. PhD dissertation, Duquesne University (USA), 2010. Zhang, Jianqing. The Archetypal Criticism of the Cinderella Complex in Jane Austen and Eileen Chang. MA thesis, Central University for Nationalities (now Minzu University of China, Beijing) (China), 2010. In Chinese. Zhang, Na. A Study of the Epic Imagery of Moses’ Sojourn in Egypt. MA thesis, Central China Normal University (China), 2010. In Chinese. Zhang, Shuhong. A Study of the Biblical Archetypes in the Major Works of Graham Greene. MA thesis, Hebei Normal University (China), 2010. In Chinese. Zhao, Qing. Biblical Archetypes in Three Novels by D.H. Lawrence.” MA thesis, Hebei Normal University (China), 2010. In Chinese.

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Zhong, Lu Man. From Fantasy to Magic: An Archetypal Analysis of Philip Roth’s “The Human Stain. MA thesis, Sichuan Institute of Foreign Languages, 2010 (China). In Chinese. Zhong, Yueying. On the Father and Mother Archetypes in Zhang Chengzhi’s “Black Steed” and “River of the North.” MA thesis, Yanbian University (China), 2010. In Chinese. Zuber, Devin. Hieroglyphics of Nature: Swedenborg, Ecology and Romantic Aesthetics. PhD dissertation, City University of New York (USA), 2010. 2011 Alcântara, Lídia Carla Holanda. O hibridismo de gêneros nos contos de Maria Lúcia Medeiros [The Hybridism of Genres in the Stories of Maria Lúcia Medeiros]. MA thesis, Universidade Federal do Pará–UFPA (Brazil). In Portuguese, 2011. Anderson, Jill E. The Gay of the Land: Queer Ecology and the Literature of the 1960s. PhD dissertation, University of Mississippi (USA), 2011. Babu, Rayapati Prasad. Romantic Ideal in the Poetry of William Blake. PhD dissertation, Sri Venkateswara University (India), 2011. Barajas-Garrido, Gerardo. De la maravilla-ficción de fantasía al surrealismo fantástico: Una nueva genología— ilustrada en la narrativa mexicana, 1900–1999 [From Fantastical Fantasy-Fiction to Fantastic Surrealism: A New De la maravilla-ficción de fantasía al surrealismo— Illustrated in the Mexican Narrative, 1900–1999]. PhD dissertation, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2011. In Spanish. Baisden, Gregory Scott. “Recombinant Mythology” as Answer to the “Anti-Life Equation.” PhD dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute (USA), 2011. Basha A. Mahaboob. Feminist Perspectives in the Fictions of Margaret Laurence. PhD dissertation, Madurai Kamraj University (India), 2011. Basques Júnior, Messias Moreira. As verdades da mentira: Ensaio etnográfico com folhetos de cordel [The Truths of Lies: Ethnographic Essay with String Tracts]. PhD dissertation, Universidade Federal de São Carlo (Brazil), 2011. In Portuguese. Bei, Zhang. The Adventure Quest Legend in Flannery O’Connor’s “The Violent Bear It Away.” MA thesis, Changsha University (China), 2011. In Chinese. Blackburn, Richard. sentio, cogito, dictum, video. MA thesis, McGill University (Canada), 2011. Brückner, Benjamin. Ein so gespenstisches Wissen [Such a Spooky Knowledge]. Diplomarbeit thesis, University of Vienna (Australia), 2011. In German. Bryant, Timothy Joseph. Ordinary Transcendence: Christianity, Authority, and Crisis in American Literature and

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The Reception of Northrop Frye

Culture, 1865–1990. PhD dissertation, State University of New York at Buffalo (USA), 2011. Burtin, Tatiana. Figures de l’avarice et de l’usure dans les comédie: The Merchant of Venice de Shakespeare, Volpone de Jonson et L’Avare de Molière [Figures of Avarice and Usury in Comedy: Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice, Jonson’s Volpone, and Molière’s Miser]. Doctoral thesis, Université de Montréal (Canada). In French. Cai, Jun. Beyond the Ecological Indian: On Louise Erdrich’s Fiction. PhD dissertation, Nanjing University (China), 2011. In Chinese. Calderón Baiocchi, Juan Humberto. La transformación poética del mito de Dafne y Apolo en poemas de Garcilaso, Lope y Quevedo [The Poetic Transformation of the Myth of Daphne and Apollo in Poems by Garcilaso, Lope, and Quevedo]. Bachelor’s thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (Peru), 2011. In Spanish. Chaudhary, Chetna. Search for Identity in the Novels of Margaret Atwood. PhD dissertation, Chaudhary Charan Singh University (India), 2011. Chen, Houliang. A Study of Linda Hutcheon’s Poetics of Postmodernism. PhD dissertation, Shandong University (China), 2011. In Chinese. Chen, Ping. An Archetypal Interpretations of James’s “Portrait of a Lady.” MA thesis, Nanjing Normal University (China), 2011. In Chinese. Chen, Yuhuan. An Archetypal Analysis of Golding’s “Lord of the Flies.” MA thesis, Shandong Normal University (China), 2011. In Chinese. Chudý, Tomáš. Religiozita po náboženství. Současné reinterpretace křestanství [Religiosity after Religion: Contemporary Reinterpretations of Christianity]. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2011. In Czech. Chung, Jie. One World, with an Archetype. MA thesis, ­Shenyang Normal University (China), 2011. In Chinese. Chung, Youngjin. “Transformed oft, and chaunged diuerslie”: Shapeshifting and Bodily Change in Spenser, Milton, Donne, and Seventeenth-Century Drama. PhD dissertation, University of Massachusetts Amherst (USA), 2011. Coltrin, Christopher James. Apocalyptic Progress: The Politics of Catastrophe in the Art of John Martin, Francis Danby, and David Roberts. PhD dissertation, University of Michigan (USA), 2011. Cramer, Thomas. Defending the Double Monastery: Gender and Society in Early Medieval Europe. PhD dissertation, University of Washington (USA), 2011. Crawford, Thomas Joseph. Curating Gnosis: Discovery, Power and the Creation of (a) Discipline. PhD dissertation, Claremont Graduate University (USA), 2011. Damasceno, Elenilto Saldanha. Textos do Novo Testamento nas crônicas de Machado de Assis [Texts of the New

Testament in the Chronicles of Machado de Assis]. MA thesis, Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), 2011. In Portuguese. Di Gennaro, Paola. Wandering through Guilt. Cain’s Archetype in the Twentieth-Century Novel (1940–1960). PhD dissertation, University of Salerno (Italy), 2011. Ebrahim, Parween Redha. Outcasts and Inheritors: The Ishmael Ethos in American Culture, 1776–1917. PhD dissertation, Princeton University (USA), 2011. Emerson, Matthew Yates. Christ and the New Creation: A Canonical Approach to the Theology of the New Testament. PhD dissertation, Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary (USA), 2011. Escobedo, Mario, II. “I Will Gather the Nations”: The Fate of the Nations on the Day of Yahweh in the Book of the Twelve. PhD dissertation, Baylor University (USA), 2011. Filinger, Marek. Sam Shepard: Pohřbené dítě [Sam Shepard: Buried Child]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2011. In Czech. Freiz, Ihab M. The Narrative of Aging: The Portrayal of the Aged in Toni Morrison and Ernest J. Gaines. PhD dissertation, Indiana University of Pennsylvania (USA), 2011. Frye, Brian Nathaniel. The Multi-Site Church Phenomenon in North America: 1950–2010. PhD dissertation, Southern Baptist Theological Seminary (USA), 2011. Fu, Guiling. The Growth of Henry James’s Isabel Archer from the Perspective of Archetypal Criticism. MA thesis, Northwestern University (China), 2011. In Chinese. Ghanti, P.A. Rudyard Kipling as the Writer of the Empire: A Study with Reference to Kipling’s Fiction. PhD dissertation, Karnatak University (India), 2011. Gibson, Jack. Peter between Jerusalem and Antioch: Paul, James, and the Gentiles. PhD dissertation, Trinity International University (USA), 2011. Golubović Ilić, Irena. Mogućnosti osposobljavanja učenika za samostalni istraživački rad u nastavi prirode i društva [Possibilities for Training Pupils for Independent Research Work in the Teaching of Nature and Society]. PhD dissertation, University of Novi Sad (Serbia), 2011. In Croatian. Gómez, David Amezcua. La teoría literaria de Northrop Frye [The Literary Theory of Northrop Frye]. PhD dissertation, Universita Autónoma de Madrid (Spain), 2011. In Spanish. Grønningsæter, Kari. Bibelen på Avaberget: Bilder og ekfraser i Torgny Lindgrens Dorés bible [The Bible in Avaberget: Pictures and Ekphrasis in Torgny Lindgren’s Doré’s Bible. MA thesis, Universitetet i Agder (Norway), 2011. In Norwegian. Hallet, Danielle Kara. In the Belly of the (Blond) Beast: Nietzsche’s Dietetic Critique of Philosophy. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2011.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Hannesson, Christian. Unpractised, Unprepared, and Still to Seek: Um Paradise Lost og leitina að Guði Miltons [Unpractised, Unprepared, and Still to Seek: Of “Paradise Lost” and the Search for Milton’s God]. MA thesis, University of Iceland, 2011. In Icelandic. Hansen, Steven Edward. Pain, Human Redemption, and Medicine: James Hinton’s Theological Appropriation of Pain. PhD dissertation, Duquesne University (USA), 2011. Harvey, Jeff H. The Parish Mission Preacher: An Embodiment of Evangelization. D.Min. dissertation, Aquinas Institute of Theology (USA), 2011. Hladíková, Kamila. The Exotic Other and Negotiation of Tibetian Self: A Study of Modern Tibetian Fiction of the 1980s. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2011. Hou, Guang Li. The Magic Revelation: Biblical Archetypal Approach to Two of Tennessee Williams’ Plays. MA thesis, Sichuan University (China), 2011. House, Allison. Narrative Music and the Concept Album: A Case Study of Nine Inch Nails, “The Downward Spiral.” BA thesis, Wesleyan University (USA), 2011. Hu, Y. A Study of the James Bond (007) Film Series. PhD dissertation, Southwest University (China), 2011. In Chinese. James, Anne Marie. Reading, Writing, Remembering: Gunpowder Plot Literature in Early Modern England, 1605–1688. PhD dissertation, University of Alberta (Canada), 2011. Jedlinská, Miluše. Mythical and Cultural Archetypes in J.R.R. Tolkien. MA thesis, Masaryk University (Czech Republic), 2011. Kejmar, Tomáš. An Analysis of Representation of Significant Events and Personalities of Irish History in the Period from 1916–1923 in Irish Film. BA thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2011. Kim, Young Jae. Architectural Representation of the Pure Land: Constructing the Cosmopolitan Temple Complex from Nagarjunakonda to Bulguksa. PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania (USA), 2011. Kohav, Alex Shalom. The Sôd Hypothesis: Phenomenological, Semiotic, Cognitive, and Noetic-Literary Recovery of the Pentateuch’s Embedded Inner-Core Mystical Initiation Tradition of Ancient Israelite Cultic Religion. PhD dissertation, Union Institute and University (USA), 2011. Konduth, Wolfgang. Cash, Culture & Violence: The Spell of Hockey in North American Literature. Diplomarbeit, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz (Austria), 2011. Kouassi, Yao Raphaël. Héros, jeunesse et aprentissage dans quelques romans du XIXe siècle: Chateaubriand, René, 1802—Stendhal, Le Rouge et le Noir, 1830—Musset, La Confession d’un enfant du siècle, 1836—Balzac, Illusions

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perdues, 1837/1843—Flaubert, L’Éducation sentimentale, Histoire d’un jeune homme, 1869 [Heroes, Youth and Learning in Some Novels of the Nineteenth Century: Chateaubriand, René, 1802—Stendhal, The Red and the Black, 1830—Musset, The Confession of a Child of the Century, 1836—Balzac, Lost Illusions, 1837/1843— Flaubert, The Sentimental Education, History of a Young Man, 1869]. Doctoral thesis. Université Blaise Pascal–Clermont-Ferrand II (France), 2011. In French. Kudlová, Klára. Diskurzní typologie postav a současný český roman [Discursive Typology of Characters and the Contemporary Czech Novel]. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2011. In Czech. Laurean, Simona Marusceac. Aesthetic and Educational Valences in Children’s Literature. PhD dissertation, Oradea University (Romania), 2011. Li, Chun He. Biblical Archetypes in Patrick White’s “The Tree of Man.” MA thesis, Inner Mongolia University (China), 2011. In Chinese. Li, Li. An Archetypal Analysis of Harold Pinter’s “The Homecoming.” MA thesis, Southwest University (China), 2011. In Chinese. Li, Meng. A Comparison of Jia’s “Gao Village” and Hardy’s “The Return of the Native” from the Perspective of Archetypal Criticism. MA thesis, Northwestern University (China), 2011. In Chinese. Liu, Shanshan. An Archetypal Reading of Joseph Conrad’s “Lord Jim.” MA thesis, Foreign Language Institute of the Foreign Language Teaching Ministry (China), 2011. In Chinese. Lu, Mei. Archetypal Criticism and O. Henry Short Story Research, MA thesis, Anhui University (China), 2011. In Chinese. Lucas-Leclin, Emilie. L’ouverture de l’image dans les oeuvres de Claude Simon, Peter Handke et Richard Powers [The Opening of the Image in the Works of Claude Simon, Peter Handke, and Richard Powers]. Doctoral thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle–III (France), 2011. In French. Luo, Xiangyan. The Archetype of Agatha Christie’s “Death on the Nile.” MA thesis, Hunan University (China), 2011. In Chinese. Lysne, Mari Skjerdal. “That something better ought to come”: Structure and Canon Formation in British Literary History. MA thesis, University of Bergen (Norway), 2011. McCullar, Maggie Carol. Other Worlds, Other Words: Ana María Matute’s Fantasy Trilogy. PhD dissertation, University of Colorado at Boulder (USA), 2011. McKim, Denis Beer. Boundless Dominion: Providence, Politics, and the Early Canadian Presbyterian Worldview, 1815–1875. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2011.

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McLaren, Scott Kenneth. Books for the Instruction of the Nations: Shared Methodist Print Culture in Upper Canada and the Mid-Atlantic States, 1789–1851. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2011. Ma, Jiajia. Archetypes of Ellison’s “Invisible Man.” North China Electric Power University (China), 2011. In Chinese. Mantere, Juha Markus. The Gould Variations: Technology, Philosophy and Criticism in Glenn Gould’s Thought and Musical Practice. PhD dissertation, Brown University (USA), 2011. Marboe, John C. Jesus as Storyteller: A Midrashic, Mythopoetic Reading of Gospels. PhD dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute (USA), 2011. Maroszová, Jana. “Denn die Zeit ist nahe.” Eschatologie in Grimmelshausens Simplicianischen Schriften: Zeit und Figuren der Offenbarung [“Because the time is near.” Eschatology in Grimmelshausen’s “Simplicianische Schriften”: The Time and Figures of Revelation]. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2011. In German. Meitei, Phijam Dinesh. A Study of Urbanisation in T.S. Eliot’s Poetry. PhD dissertation, Manipur University (India), 2011. Mengestu, Abera Mitiku. God as Father in Paul: A Study of Kinship Language and Identity Formation in Early Christianity. PhD dissertation, Texas Christian University (USA), 2011. Mittnerová, Lucie. Tragično ve vybraných dílech norské literatury posledních desetiletí [The Tragic in Selected Works of Norwegian Literature in Recent Decades]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2011. In Czech. Nagy, Ladislav. Historie v anglickém románu posledních desetiletí [History in the English Fiction of the Last Decades]. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2011. In Czech. Naw San Dee KD. (Be)longing and/or Nation: A Postcolonial-Diasporic Reading of the Narrative in John 4:1–42. PhD dissertation, Texas Christian University (USA), 2011. Neujahr, Matthew James. Predicting the Past in the Ancient Near East: From Akkadian Ex Eventu Prophecies to Judean Historical Apocalypses. Yale University (USA), 2011. Ng, Ben. The Axis Mundi Archetype in Eliot’s “Four Quartets.” MA thesis, Southwest University (China), 2011. In Chinese. Nogueira Ferreira de Jesus, Maria Helena. Gnose et poétique de la nudité dans l’œuvre de Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, Eugénio de Andrade, et António Ramos Rosa [Gnosis and the Poetics of Nudity in the Work of Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, Eugenio de

Andrade, and António Ramos Rosa]. Doctoral thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle–Paris III (France), 2011. In French. Norman, Fredrik. “A peaceful world is a boring world”: A Study in Narrative Structure and Mythological Elements into Squaresoft’s “Chrono Trigger.” BA thesis, University of Gävle (Sweden), 2011. Pan, Peipei. The Archetype of Christian Redemption in the Novels of William Faulkner. MA thesis, Shandong Normal University (China), 2011. In Chinese. Pasqual, Marta. Creativitat i subversió en les reescriptures de Joan Sales [Creativity and Subversion in the Rewritings of Joan Sales]. PhD dissertation, Universitat de Girona (Spain), 2011. In Catalan. Pavlíček, Milan. Mytologické a mýtotvorné rysy Hvězdných válek a specifika jejich příběhů coby příběhu na pokračování [Mythological and Mythogenic Aspects of Star Wars and the Specificities of Its Stories in Regard to Serialized Storytelling]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2011. In Czech. Pejović, Ivana Bančević. Odbrana kreativnosti: Vilijam Blejk u savremenoj književnoj kritici, pedagogiji i umetnosti [A Defense of Creativity: William Blake in Contemporary Criticism, Pedagogy and Art]. PhD dissertation, University of Kragujevac (Serbia), 2011. In Serbian. Phair, Krista L. Ladies and Liturgy: An Analysis of the Roman Catholic Womenpriest Movement. PhD dissertation, University of Kansas (USA), 2011. Pomahač, Ondřej. Nikde a kdesi: Utopie, dystopie a jejich vzájemná poloha [Nowhere and Somewhere: Utopia, Dystopia, and Their Relative Location]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2011. In Czech. Rani, Mathew. Re-vision as Art and Medium: A Study of Re-visionist Mythmaking in Feminist English Poetry. PhD dissertation, Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit (India), 2011. Ravindran, Dhanya R. K. Englishing the Subaltern Woman the Politics of Translating Resistance in “Mother Forest” and the “Autobiography of a Sex Worker.” PhD dissertation, Sree Sankaracharya University of Sanskrit (India), 2011. Ren, Xuelian. An Analysis of the Biblical Archetypes in Edith Wharton’s “Ethan Frome.” MA thesis, Harbin Engineering University (China), 2011. In Chinese. Rus, Laura Bianca. The Ethical and Political Function of Revolt in Julia Kristeva’s Novels. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2011. Sackeroff, Samuel. The Testimonial Gesture: Temporality and Mediation in Representations of John the Baptist. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2011. Schiller, Neil Michael. The Historical Present: Notions of Time, History and Postmodern Consciousness in the

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Work of Richard Brautigan. PhD dissertation, University of Liverpool (United Kingdom), 2011. Sharma, Itty. Crosscultural Contexts and the Quest for Identity a Study of Selected Diasporic Canadian Writers. PhD dissertation, Himachal Pradesh University (India), 2011. Sherman, Donovan Hall. Second Death: Theatricalities of the Soul in Shakespeare. PhD dissertation, University of California, Irvine (USA), 2011. Sigurgrímsdóttir, Melkorka Edda. The Harry Potter Septology: A Heroic Epic in the Mythological Sense. BA thesis, University of Iceland (Iceland), 2011. Singh, Shabeg. Shelley and Emerson: An Essay in Comparative Poetics. PhD dissertation, Jawaharlal Nehru University (India), 2011. Slachová, Helena Pithartová. Psychologie příběhu [The Psychology of Story]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2011. In Czech. Sowmia Kumar, N. A Critical Study of Marginalized Sections of Society in Select Novels of Mulk Raj Anand, Anita Desai, Arundhati Roy, Neela Padmanaban, Perumal Murugan, and Yuma Vasuki. PhD dissertation, Bharathidasan University (India), 2011. Straková, Kateřina. Užití starozákonních motivů a jejich originální interpretace v díle Johna Steinbecka [Using Old Testament Themes and Their Original Interpretation in the Works of John Steinbeck]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2011. In Czech. Sukdolová, Alice. Concepts of Space in Victorian Novels. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2011. Sun, Jian. M.H. Abrams’s Theory of Literary Criticism. MA thesis, Shandong University (China), 2011. In Chinese. Sun, Xin Hong. An Archetypal Analysis of Stephen King’s “Rita Hayworth and the Shawshank Redemption.” MA thesis, Hebei Normal University (China), 2011. In Chinese. Sun, Ying. A Study of the Biblical Archetypes (Characters, Theme, Structure) in Anne Brontë’s “The Tenant of Wildfell Hall.” MA thesis, Hefei University, 2011. In Chinese. Sun, Yingyan. The Tree Archetype in the Poetry of Robert Frost. MA thesis, Shenyang Normal University (China), 2011. In Chinese. Švéda, Josef. Mašínovský mýtus. Ideologie v české literatuře a kultuře od druhé půle dvacátého století k dnešku [The Mašín Myth: Ideologies in Czech Literature and Culture since the Second Half of the 20th Century until the Present Day]. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2011. In Czech. Tan, Korea. An Archetypal Interpretation of Kafka’s “The Castle.” MA thesis, Hunan Normal University (China), 2011. In Chinese. Tastekin, Emel. Another Look at Orientalism: Western Literature in the Face of Islam. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2011.

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Tofler, M. Give the Girl a Line: Methods of Feature Film Screenwriting for the Satirical Female Voice. PhD dissertation, RMIT University (Australia), 2011. Tomoioagă, Anca. Metamorphosis of Psalms in Modern and Postmodern Romanian Poetry. PhD dissertation, Oradea University (Romania), 2011. Ugofsky-Mendez, Rubi. La voz femenina en libertad: El discurso masculino reconfigurado por mujeres en “El libro de romances y coplas del Carmelo de Valladolid” (c. 1590– 1609) [The Liberated Female Voice: The Male Discourse Reconfigured by Women in “The Book of Romances and Verses of the Carmel of Valladolid” (c.1590–1609)]. PhD dissertation, University of Nebraska–Lincoln (USA), 2011. In Spanish. U-Ting Su. Interpersonal Frustration of Friendship in Taiwanese Picture Books. MA thesis, National Taitung University (Taiwan), 2011. In Chinese. Vančurová, Karolina. Affinities between the Poetry of Wallace Stevens and Paul Valéry. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2011. Wale, Nagesh G. Myth and History in the Plays of Girish Karnad. PhD dissertation, Shivaji University (India), 2011. Wan, Mu. Mythological Approach to Oe Kenzaburo and Gao Xingjian’s Novels: Myth-Making in The Silent Cry and Soul Mountain. PhD dissertation, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 2011. In Chinese. Wang, Hui. On the Application of Frye’s Myth-Archetype Criticism to Chinese Classical Poetry. MA thesis, Inner Mongolia University (China), 2011. In Chinese. Wang, Yu-jie. Shakespeare: A Proto-Feminist or a Misogynist. PhD dissertation, Shanghai International Studies University (China), 2011. In Chinese. Watt, Timothy Irish. Milton’s Visionary Obedience. PhD dissertation, University of Massachusetts Amherst (USA), 2011. Weng, Chia-Je. Natural Religion and Its Discontents: Critiques in Blake and Coleridge. PhD dissertation, Yale University (USA), 2011. Wenninger-Weinzierl, Gudrun. The Power of Musicality in Samuel Beckett’s Radio Plays: An Intermedial Study between Sound and Silence. Diplomarbeit thesis, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz (Austria), 2011. Williams, Alexander G. Visions of the Feminine: The Liberating Poetics of William Blake Reconsidered. MA thesis, Villanova University (USA), 2011. Wolfe, Kellyann Falkenberg. Creation, Crisis, and Comedy: An Ecocritical Reading of the Eden Story, Joel, and Jonah. PhD dissertation, Union Theological Seminary (USA), 2011. Wu, Xuejiao. The Archetypal Tragic Myth in Hardy’s “The Mayor of Casterbridge.” MA thesis, Sichuan Institute of Foreign Languages (China), 2011. In Chinese.

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The Reception of Northrop Frye

Wu, Yi. Towards an Orderly World: The Construction of the Cosmic Image in Eliot’s “Four Quartets.” Dissertation, Southwest University (China), 2011. Xing. On the Archetypes in Zhongshi’s “White Deer.” MA thesis, Northwestern University (China), 2011. In Chinese. Xu, Jin. The Spiritual Wilderness and the Realistic Return: A Comparison of “The Return of the Native” and “The Waste Land.” MA Thesis, Northeast Agricultural University, English Language and Literature (China), 2011. In Chinese. Yu, SunBee. Znaky, styl a dramata Karla Čapka [Signs, Style, and Karel Čapek’s Dramas]. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2011. In Czech. Yu, Yi. Nordic Myths and Archetypes in “The Lord of the Rings.” MA thesis, Inner Mongolia University (China), 2011. In Chinese. Yuan, Fang. A Journey Home: A Study of Toni Morrison’s “A Mercy” from the Perspective of Myth-Archetypal Criticism. MA thesis, Xi’an International Studies University (China), 2011. In Chinese. Zhang, Jingjun. Regaining the Freedom of the Soul: An Archetypal Reading of Toni Morrison’s “Beloved.” MA thesis, Henan Normal University (China), 2011. In Chinese. Zheng, Yun. An Archetypal Interpretation of “Anne of Green Gables.” MA thesis, Nanjing Normal University (China), 2011. In Chinese. 2012 Albert, Anita. The Dawn of Self-Realisation in the Lives of Margaret Laurence’s Protagonists. PhD dissertation, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University (India), 2012. Alfaro, Melissa J. Breaking the Silence: A Rhetorical Analysis of Selected Works by Sandra Cisneros and Toni Morrison through the Lens of Northrop Frye’s Rhetorical Theories of Speech and Style. PhD dissertation, Texas Woman’s University (USA), 2012. Balamurugan, P. Arthur Miller as a Dramatist with Strong Social Commitment. PhD dissertation, Madurai Kamraj University (India), 2012. Bartlett del Castillo, Jennifer. Maternidad, religión y sexualidad en la narrativa moderna de Cuba y España [Maternity, Religion, and Sexuality in the Modern Narrative of Cuba and Spain]. PhD dissertation. Florida State University (USA), 2012. In Spanish. Bartáková, Vladislava. Zbožnost. Psychologické aspekty zvnitřnělé religiozity u katoliček—matek malých dětí [Intrinsic Religiosity Practice: Psychological Aspects of Intrinsic Religiosity of Catholic Mothers]. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2012. In Czech. Bidwaikar, Shruti. Vision, Experience and Experiment in Sri Aurobindo’s Poetry and Poetics. PhD dissertation, Pondicherry University (India), 2012. Boerman-Cornell, William. Learning to See History: A Content Analysis of the Affordances of Graphic Novels for

High School Teaching. PhD dissertation, University of Illinois at Chicago (USA), 2012. Brockmeier, Victoria. Apostate, Sing This World Forth: Avant-Mythopoetic Encounters with Doubt, Chaos, and Community. PhD dissertation, State University of New York at Buffalo (USA), 2012. Bucher, Vincent. Une pratique sans théorie: Le très long poème américain de seconde generation [A Practice without Theory: The Very Long Second-Generation American Poem]. Doctoral thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle–Paris III (France), 2012. In French. Casoli, Andrea. Altro essendo dagli altri essendo te: Il tema dell’alterità nell’opera di Ludovica Ripa di Meana [Other Being from Others Being You: The Theme of Alterity in the Work of Ludovica Ripa di Meana]. PhD dissertation, Universidad de Sevilla (Spain), 2012. In Italian. Čertík, Luděk. Od snění k přirozenosti. Analýza obraznosti Stromu života [From Reverie to Nature: Analysis of the Tree of Life Imagery]. BA thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2012. In Czech. Coadou, Bénédicte. Recherches sur l’écriture de l’imaginaire dans La Galatée et le Persilles de Miguel de Cervantès (1585–1617) [Research on the Writing of the Imaginary in La Galatea and the Persiles of Miguel de Cervantes (1585–1617)]. Doctoral thesis, Université Rennes 2 (France), 2012. In French. Chikhladze, Marietta. Metamorfosi temporali e spaziali: Dal “Revisore” di Nikolaj Gogol’ alla “Morte accidentale di un anarchico” di Dario Fo [Spatial and Temporal Metamorphosis: from “The Government Inspector” by Nikolai Gogol to “Accidental Death of an Anarchist” by Dario Fo]. PhD dissertation, Università di Bologna (Italy), 2012. In Italian. Colette, Shelly Carmen. The Garden, the Serpent, and Eve: An Ecofeminist Narrative Analysis of Garden of Eden Imagery in Fashion Magazine Advertising. PhD dissertation, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2012. Coman, Ruxandra Marilena Zamfira. Satirical Prose in the 19th Century (1830–1870). PhD dissertation, University of Bucharest (Romania), 2012. Cornillon, Claire. Par-delà l’Infini: La Spiritualité dans la Science-Fiction française, anglaise et américaine [Beyond the Infinite: Spirituality in French, English, and ­American Science Fiction]. Doctoral thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle–Paris III (France), 2012. In French. Dahiya, Suman. A Marxist Perspective in the Major Novels of R.K. Narayan. PhD dissertation, Chaudhary Charan Singh University (India), 2012. D’Amico, Margaret A. Moving Cataclysm: Journeys of Quest, Landscapes of Loss in Late French Medieval Romance and 19th-Century Travel Narratives. PhD dissertation, University of Washington, 2012.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Deng, Yuntao. Writing that Combines the Soul, Flesh, and Blood: The Novels of Liu Xinglong. PhD dissertation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (China), 2012. In Chinese. Dhir, Bani Dayal. A Study of Emergentism and High End Complexity in Literary Systems. PhD dissertation, Dayalbag Educational Institute (India), 2012. Di, Naihai. A Study of Harold Bloom’s Poetics. PhD dissertation, Shandong Normal University (China), 2012. In Chinese. Di Rosa, Geneviève Cambefort. Pensée du religieux au siècle des lumiéres: études sémiostylistiques d’oeuvres littéraires et picturales [Religious Thought in the Century of the Light: Semi-Stylistic Studies of Literary and Pictorial Works]. Doctoral thesis, Université Paris IV–Sorbonne (France), 2012. In French. Dichev, Bogdan. Modely komického v Haškově románu “Švejk” v porovnání s vrcholnými satirickými díly bulharské, ruské a srbské beletrie [Models of the Comic in Hašek’s Novel “Švejk” Compared with the Top Satirical Works of Bulgarian, Russian, and Serbian Fiction]. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2012. In Czech. Diotte, Mark Vincent. Labour and Literature in the “West beyond the West.” PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2012. Drengubáková, Jana. Jazykový obraz rodiny v evangeliích ekumenického překladu [The Language Picture of the Family in Czech Ecumenical Translation]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2012. In Slovak. Eddy, Nicole. Marginal Annotation in Medieval Romance Manuscripts: Understanding the Contemporary Reception of the Genre. PhD dissertation, University of Notre Dame (USA), 2012. Fabre, Marie. “Tu non devi credere che si possa smettere di cercarla”: Utopie et littérature chez Elio Vittorini et Italo Calvino, 1941–1972. [“You must not believe that we can stop looking for it”: Utopia and Literature at the Home of Elio Vittorini and Italo Calvino, 1941–1972]. PhD dissertation, University of Grenoble (France), 2012. In French. Falconi, Diego. De las cenizas al texto: Transgresiones identitarias gays, lesbianas y queer en el ordenamiento literario andino contemporáneo [From the Ashes to the Text: Gay, Lesbian, and Queer Identity Transgressions in the Contemporary Andean Literary Order]. PhD thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain), 2012. In Spanish. Farias, Rafaela Felex Diniz Gomes Monteiro de. O Mito da tecelã na narrativa de Alina Paim [The Myth of the Weaver in Alina Paim’s Narrative.] MA thesis, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (Brazil), 2012. In Portuguese.

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Fathima Rani, D. Interrogating the Omnipotent Victim Position of Women in Margaret Atwood’s Fiction. PhD dissertation, Acharya Nagarjuna University (India), 2012. Fernández de Jesús, Eva. Autorská póza Houellebecqa [Houellebecq’s Pose]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2012. In Czech. Foehn, Melanie. Samuel Beckett et les écrivains de Port-Royal [Samuel Beckett and the Writers of Port-Royal]. PhD dissertation, University of Kent at Canterbury, as part of the Graduate School of Anglophone, German, and European Studies (Paris) (France), 2012. In French. Frigola i Reig, Joan. Classificació dels gèneres audiovisuals a la xarxa i estudi dels seus formats [Classification of Audiovisual Genres in the Network and Study of their Formats]. PhD dissertation, Universitat de Barcelona (Spain), 2012. In Catalan. Fuxiao, Chu. An Interpretation of the Archetype of Biblical Atonement. MA thesis, Guangxi University (China), 2012. Gagne-Hawes, Genevieve. Shadows of the Raj: Anglo-Indian Visions of Empire, the Raj Revival, and the Literary Crafting of National Character. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2012. Ganaie, Shabir Hussain. Spiritual Revival and Social Rebellion in William Blake and Kahlil Gibran: A Comparative Perspective. PhD dissertation, Aligarh Muslim University (India), 2012. Garin Boronat, Manuel. El gag visual y la imagen en movimiento: Del cine mudo a la pantalla jugable [The Visual Gag and the Moving Image: From the Silent Cinema to the Playable Screen]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (Spain), 2012. In Spanish. Geng, Yi. Gunter Grass’s Danzig Trilogy: Mythical Archetypes. MA thesis, Northwest Normal University (China), 2012. In Chinese. Gladwin, Tammy H. Beyond Postmodernism: Reconsidering the Fairy Tale in the 21st Century. MA thesis, National University (USA), 2012. Godara, Shiv Ratan. Nature Versus Degenerated Morals in “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” and “The Waste Land.” PhD dissertation, Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibarewala University (India), 2012. Goethals, Jessica. Representing the Sack of Rome and its Aftermath, 1527–1540. PhD dissertation, New York University (USA), 2012. Goswami, Jayshree. Keki N. Daruwalla and P.C.K. Prem: A Comparative Study in Literary Communication. PhD dissertation, Indian School of Mines (India), 2012. Greenberg, Nathaniel. Secrecy, Secularism, and the Coming Revolution in Naguib Mahfouz’s Postwar Masterpieces (1952–1967). PhD dissertation, University of Washington (USA), 2012.

652

The Reception of Northrop Frye

Grigaitis, Mindaugas. Rašymų įvairovė Broniaus Radzevičiaus, Ričardo Gavelio, Jurgio Kunčino romanuose [Diversity of Writings in the Novels of Bronius Radzevičius, Ričardas Gavelis, Jurgis Kunčinas]. PhD dissertation, Vilnius University (Lithuania), 2012. In Lithuanian. Guan, Meng Chang. An Interpretation of Toni Morrison’s “Beloved” from the Perspective of the Archetype.” MA thesis, Shenyang Normal University (China), 2012. In Chinese. Hughes, Bonnie Kathleen. “[T]he subtle but powerful cement of a patriotic literature”: English-Canadian Literary Anthologies, National Identity, and the Canon. PhD dissertation, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2012. Ibrahim, A. Syed Abdul Rahiman. Black Consciousness and Negritude: A Study of Maya Angelou’s Works. PhD dissertation, Madurai Kamaraj University (India), 2012. I-Chieh Wu. The Symbols in the Poetry of Ruben Dario. MA thesis, Tamkang University (Taiwan), 2012. Indupreethi, R. Indigenous Women in Select White and Native Canadian Writings. PhD dissertation, Madurai Kamaraj University (India), 2012. Izquierdo, Marta Álvarez. Juan Carlos Onetti, Roman Nouveau latino-américain et le Nouveau Roman français [Juan Carlos Onetti: The New Latin-American Novel and the New French Novel]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Paris (France), 2012. In French. Jáchimová, Veronika. Obraz Jana Palacha v české kultuře [The Image of Jan Palach in Czech Culture]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2012. In Czech. Jaiswal, Geeta. Reconciling the Opposites: Metaphysical Aspects in the Poetry of Wallace Stevens. PhD dissertation, Himachal Pradesh University (India), 2012. Jesus, Leila Vieira de. A Study of Fools: Lear’s Fool in Shakespeare’s “King Lear” and Vladimir and Estragon in Beckett’s “Waiting for Godot.” PhD dissertation, Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), 2012. Jin, Cheng. Creating an Imaginary Castle. PhD dissertation, Jilin University (China), 2012. In Chinese. Johnstone, Tiffany T.E. Frontiers of Philosophy and Flesh: Mapping Conceptual Metaphor in Women’s Frontier Revival Literature, 1880–1930. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2012. Jones, Jesse. Campbell, Frye, and Girard: Myths, Heroes & Ritual Violence in Literature. Honors thesis, Vanderbilt University (USA), 2012. Karney, Christina. The House of Ontario: Restoring Meaning and Identity to Queen’s Park. MA thesis, University of Waterloo (China), 2012. Kato, Mikiko. Raymond Queneau et les mythologies [Raymond Queneau and the Mythologies]. PhD dissertation, Doctoral School, French and Comparative Literature

(Paris), in partnership with Forms and Ideas of the Renaissance and the Enlightenment, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle–Paris III (France), 2012). In French. Kazmar, Vít. Juan Filloy a román Op Oloop: Mýtus, autor, dílo [Juan Filloy and the Novel Op Oloop: A Myth, an Author, a Work]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic). In Czech, 2012. Keys, Charlotte. Shakespeare’s Existentialism. PhD dissertation, Royal Holloway, University of London (United Kingdom), 2012. Korhonen, Maija. Yrittäjyyttä ja yrittäjämäisyyttä kaikille? [Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurship for All?] PhD dissertation, University of Eastern Finland (Finland), 2012. In Finnish. Larsen, Rune. Arnold J. Toynbees historiefilosofiske koncept ‘udfordring-og-svar’: Genese, funktion, reception, revurdering. [Arnold J. Toynbee’s Philosophy of History: The Concept of “Challenge and Response”: Genesis, Function, Reception, Reassessment]. MA thesis, Roskilde University (Denmark), 2012. In Danish. Lee, Wanju. Archetypal Analysis on Tove Jansson’s Inner World and Her Works “The Moomins.” MA thesis, National Taitung University (Taiwan), 2012. In Chinese. Li, Bixen. On the Criticism of Ming Prose in Early Qing. PhD dissertation, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 2012. Li, Li. The Inevitable Fall: Christopher Marlowe’s “Doctor Faustus” and the Icarus Myth. MA thesis, Foreign Studies College, Hunan Normal University (China), 2012. Lorencová, Petra. Topos ženských vlasů v reklamě [Topos of Women’s Hair in Advertising]. Bachelor’s thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2012. In Czech. Loretto, Teri Rata. Anatomy of Influence: The Decisive Effect of Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism on James Reaney’s Donnellys Trilogy, as Directed by Keith Turnbull. MA thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2012. Lukavská, Jana. Kompozice Českého snáře [Composition of “Český snář”]. Bachelor’s thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2012. In Czech. McFarlane, Brandon R. Canadian Literary Urbanism. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2012. Maier, Maximilian C. Picaresque Comedy and Its Discontents. PhD dissertation, University of Washington (USA), 2012. Marak, Lucy R. Myths and Archetypes in Garo Folk Narratives: A Select Study. PhD dissertation, North-Eastern Hill University (India), 2012. Markus, Radvan. Ironické mýty a rozbité obrazy: Reflexe povstání roku 1798 v irském románu a dramatu dvacátého století [Ironic Myths and Broken Images: Reflections of the 1798 Rebellion in Twentieth-Century Irish Fiction and Drama]. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2012. In Czech.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Martí Orriols, Meritxell. Venus a Google: Anàlisi dels discursos sobre l’art a Internet [Venus on Google: Analysis of the Speeches on Art on the Internet]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain), 2012. In Catalan. Masià, Ramon. La llengua d’Arquimedes en De Sphaera et Cylindro [The Language of Archimedes in De Sphaera et Cylindro]. PhD dissertation, Universitat de Barcelona (Spain), 2012. In Catalan. Masiello, Maria-Antonietta. Analyse réceptionnelle des colloques consacrés à Marguerite Yourcenar: Une critique diversifiée pour un sujet complexe [Reception Analysis of the Conferences Devoted to Marguerite Yourcenar: A Diversified Criticism for a Complex Subject]. Doctoral dissertation, Clermont-Ferrand 2 jointly with the Università del Salento (Italy), 2012. In French. Meenachi, A. The Oeuvres of Anita Desai: A Critical Study of Anatomy Is Destiny, Alienation, Existential Suffering, Cultural Divide, and Artistry. PhD dissertation, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University (India), 2012. Mihajlovska, Lupka. L’hybridation dans l’oeuvre de Jeannette Winterson [Hybridization in the Work of Jeanette Winterson]. PhD dissertation, Université d’Orléans (France), 2012. In French. Miller, Thomas E. Up in the Sky: Literary Typology and “All-Star Superman.” MA thesis, McMaster University (Canada), 2012. More, Xu. A Study of the Archetypes of Eugene O’Neill’s Plays. Shenyang Normal University (China), 2012. In Chinese. Moretić-Mićić, Snežana. Karakterizacija glavnih ženskih likova u romanima Margaret Etvud [The Characterization of the Female Protagonists in the Novels of Margaret Atwood]. PhD dissertation, University of Belgrade (Serbia), 2012. In Croatian. Moskala, Pavel. Řeč a skutečnost v teologickém diskursu [Language and Reality in Theological Discourse]. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2012. In Czech. Myatt, William. Theological Plunderphonics: Public Theology and “the Fragment.” PhD dissertation, Loyola University Chicago (USA), 2012. Negueruela Avellà, Jacobo. El giro interpretativo en antropología: Clifford Geertz [The Interpretive Turn in Anthropology: Clifford Geertz]. PhD dissertation, Universidad de Murcia (Spain), 2012. In Spanish. Pan, Xianli. The Spiritual Journey of Exile and Redemption in “The Tempest.” MA thesis, Southwest University (China), 2012. In Chinese. Penn, Aaron Nicholas. Aaronistotle’s “Poetics”: A Scholarship-Based Thought Experiment Constructing Aristotle’s Comedic Theory. MA thesis, University of Central Arkansas (USA), 2012.

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Pérez Abellán, aría Encarnación. Romance vs novela: Recuperación y renovación de la materia caballeresca en la novela española del siglo XX: De “Morsamor” (1899) a “Olvidado Rey Gudú” (1996) [Romance vs Novel: Recovery and Renewal of Chivalry in the Spanish Novel of the Twentieth Century: From “Morsamor” (1899) to “Forgotten King Gudu” (1996)]. PhD dissertation, Universidad de Murcia, 2012. In Spanish. Petraccaro, Elisa. “The magic of everyday things”: Realismo Magico e simbologia del cibo nella food trilogy di Joanne Harris [“The magic of everyday things”: Magical Realism and the Symbolism of Food in Joanne Harris’ Food Trilogy]. MA thesis, Università degli Studi di Cassino (Italy), 2012. In Italian. Petrović, Predrag. Enciklopedičnost kao poetički model romana Rastka Petrovića [Encyclopedism as a Poetical Model for Rastko Petrović’s Novels]. PhD dissertation, University of Belgrade (Serbia), 2012. In Serbian. Petrušová, Gabriela. Flannery O’Connor as Satirical Priest. BA thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2012. Pividori, Cristina. The Death and Birth of a Hero: The Search for Heroism in British World War I Literature. PhD dissertation, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain), 2012. Rani, Monika. Educatioanl Philosophy of Yogananda Parmahansa and His Relevance in Modern Time. PhD dissertation, Himachal Pradesh University (India), 2012. Reyes, Elizabeth. Ishmael’s Cetological Quest: A Dantesque Progression of Imagination in Melville’s “Moby-Dick.” PhD dissertation, University of Dallas (USA), 2012. Řídký, Josef. Gender, identita, tělo [Gender, Identity, Body]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2012. In Czech. Rogovin, Or. Created in the Image? Holocaust Perpetrators in Israeli Fiction. PhD dissertation, University of Washington (USA), 2012. Řoutil, Michal. Jurodivost a jiné projevy substandardního chování z pohledu řečově-komunikačních taktik: Na materiálu Minejí pro čtení Dimitrije Rostovského [The Holy Foolishness and Other Expressions of Sub-Standard Behaviour from the Point of View of Speech-Behaviour Tactics Based on Dimitry of Rostov’s Chetii Minei]. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2012. In Czech. Sackville, Patricia. Bottom-up Educational Leadership and Policy-Making through Storytelling: Language Policy in Practice at a Canadian Institute. Ed.D. dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2012. Sahasranshu. The Use of Myth in Indo-Anglian Fiction. PhD dissertation, V.B.S. Purvanchal University (India), 2012.

654

The Reception of Northrop Frye

Samra, Sanjeeb Kumar. An East West Interface: John Keats and Indian Thought. PhD dissertation, North-Eastern Hill University (India), 2012. Santos-Neves, Miguel Edward. Reconfiguring Nation, Race, and Plantation Culture in Freyre and Faulkner. PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Austin (USA), 2012. Shallegger, René. Joyful Games of Meaning-Making: Role-Playing Games and Postmodern Notions of Literature. PhD dissertation, Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt (Austria), 2012. Sigurgrímsdóttir, Melkorka Edda. The Harry Potter Septology: A Heroic Epic in the Mythological Sense. BA thesis, University of Iceland (Iceland), 2012. Singh, Amarjit. Amriki Punjabi kaav: Parvirtimoolak Addhayan [American Punjabi Poem: Seasonal Study]. PhD dissertation, Guru Nanak Dev University (India), 2012. In Hindi. Singh, Harjeet. The Recurring Images of Heroism in Gurdial Singh’s Selected Novels. PhD dissertation, Guru Nanak Dev University (India), 2012. Smyčková, Kateřina. Mariánská úcta v pobělohorských Čechách na příkladu díla J.I. Dlouhoveského [Marian Devotion in Bohemia after the Battle of White Mountain: Example of the Work of J.I. Dlouhoveský]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2012. In Czech. Smyčka, Václav. Erzählen eines Ereignises: Repräsentation der Wende 1989 im Roman “Helden wie wir” und der historiograohischen Monographie “Die Revolution von 1989 in der DDR” [Narrating an Event: Representation of the East German Revolution 1989 in the Novel “Helden wie wir” and in the Historical Monograph “Die revolution von 1989 in der DDR”]. BA thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2012. In German. Sola Morales, Salomé. La dialéctica entre las narrativas mediáticas identitarias y los procesos de identificación. [The Dialectic between Media Narratives’ Identity and Identification Processes]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain), 2012. In Spanish. Soukupová, Klára. (Re)Konstrukce subjektivity a času v žánru autobiografie [(Re)Construction of the Subjectivity and Time in the Autobiography]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2012. In Czech. Stengrundet, Elin. Autoritet og avmakt—De romantiske fedrene Adam, Adrian og Johnny i Wergelands forfatterskap [Authority and Impotence—the Romantic Fathers, Adam, Adrian, and Johnny in Wergeland’s Writings]. MA thesis, University of Bergen (Norway), 2012. In Norwegian. Svatoňová, Eva. Mýtus a paměť v poezii Karla Šiktance [Myth and Memory in the Poetry of Karel Šiktanc]. BA thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2012. In Czech.

Světlíková, Anna. Typology as Rhetoric: Reading Jonathan Edwards. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2012. Taylor, Karen Ann. “Her knowledge of flora and fauna came mostly from fiction”: The Adolescent as Green Subject in Three Canadian Young Adult Novels. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2012. Thomsen, Jana. Literární mýtus v románech Torgnyho Lindgrena [Literary Myth in Torny Lindgren’s Novels]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2012. In Czech. Wang, Li. An Exploration of Myths and Archetypes in Ewenki Literature. MA thesis, Inner Mongolia University (China), 2012. In Chinese. Wang, Nan. A Study of the Archetypes in Conrad’s “Heart of Darkness.” MA thesis, Shenyang Normal University (China), 2012. In Chinese. Wang, Ning. Looking, Found, Lost. MA thesis, Sichuan Institute of Foreign Languages (China), 2012. Wang, Qian-qian. The Dissemination and Use of Frye’s Myth-Archetype Theory in China. MA thesis, Shenyang Normal University (China), 2012. In Chinese. Wang, Tingting. A Biblical-Archetypal Study of the “Grapes of Wrath.” MA thesis, Liaoning University (China), 2012. In Chinese. Wang, Ying. Interpretation of the Age of Innocence from the Perspective of Archetypal Criticism. MA thesis, Hefei University of Technology (China), 2012. Wang, Zou Zou. Spread and Application of Frye’s Archetype Theory in China. MA thesis, Shenyang Normal University (China), 2012. Willett, Michael. D. Vanishing Point: The Drive to Failure in Romantic Representation. PhD dissertation, University of Washington (USA), 2012. Yi, Zhong. A Study of the Biblical Archetypes in Patrick White’s “The Tree of Man.” MA thesis, Anhui University (China), 2012. In Chinese. Yu, Xiaoling. The Displacement of Archetypal Characters in Toni Morrison’s Sula. MA thesis, Yunnan University (China), 2012. In Chinese. Yu, Xiaoxia. Spiritual Identity and Cultural Dialogue. PhD dissertation, Fudan University (China), 2012. In Chinese. Zaaijman, Ignatius. Traditional Forms and Revolutionary Politics: The English Romantic Political Sonnet. MA thesis, University of the Witwatersrand (South Africa), 2012. Zamorano Meza, Jose Manuel. Existential Octavio Paz or the Poetic Essence of Being. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2012. Zhang, Bo. From Depravity to Rebirth in Conrad’s “Lord Jim.” MA thesis, Jilin University (China), 2012. In Chinese.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Zhang, Jian. Laughter in the War: The Comical Literature in 1940s. PhD dissertation, Shanghai Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Hong Kong), 2012. Zhang, Qiangqiang. The Passions in Motion: Landscape Poetry and the Aesthetics of Change in Xie Lingyun (385– 433). PhD dissertation, Yale University (USA), 2012. Zhang, Wenxi. On Northrop Frye’s Studies of Canadian Literature. PhD dissertation, Jilin University (China), 2012. In Chinese. Zhang, Yaolin. Exploring the Fairy Tale of the Spirit of the Game: A Comparative Study of Peter Pan and the Monkey King. MA thesis, Tianjin University (China), 2012. In Chinese. Zhang, Yifan. Asian American Forms: From Realism to Modernism. PhD dissertation, University of Washington (USA), 2012. Zhao, LiLi. Remembering the Age of Innocence: Exploring the Archetypes of Classic Children’s Literature. MA thesis, Shenyang Normal University (China), 2012. In Chinese. Zhao, Yuping. The Holism of Frye’s Literary Criticism. PhD dissertation, Suzhou University (China), 2012. In Chinese. Zuo, Fu Xiao. A Biblical Archetypal Analysis of Ian McEwan’s “Atonement.” MA thesis, Guangxi University (China), 2012. In Chinese 2013 L’Abbé, Sonnet Lynn. Green Men, Plant Brains and Nervetrees: Ronald Johnson’s Object-Oriented Poetics of Embodied Mind. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2013. Adle, John. Myths of Regeneration in Shakespeare’s Romances. M.A.L.S. thesis, Georgetown University (USA), 2013. Ahamed, Zaherali K. The Spirit and Insights of the Axial Flowerings: A Paradigm for Conflict Resolution? PhD dissertation, George Mason University (USA), 2013. Almutawa, Shatha. Imaginative Cultures and Historic Transformations: Narrative in “Rasā’il Ikhwān Al-Safā’.” PhD dissertation, University of Chicago (USA), 2013. Altman, Gary D. For God, Country, and Yale: The Witness of William F. Buckley, Jr.: Rhetorical Criticism of an American Jeremiad. PhD dissertation, Regent University (USA), 2013. Ambika Devi, C.T. Portrayal of Women Characters in the Select Works of Margaret Atwood. PhD dissertation, Madurai Kamaraj University (India), 2013. An, Qi. “Mimesis” in Northrop Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism. MA thesis, Taiwan Normal University (Taiwan), 2013. In Chinese. Aravindan, B. The Theatre of Collective Creation: A Study of the Treatment of Several Issues in Canadian Drama. PhD dissertation, Bharathiar University (India), 2013.

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Baker, Steve. Political Petrarchism: The Rhetorical Fashioning of Community in Early Modern Italy. PhD dissertation, Columbia University (USA), 2013. Balasubramaniam, D. Gender Sensitization: Confluence of the Polarized Psyche in Eudora Welty’s Select Short Fiction. PhD dissertation, Periyar University (India), 2013. Barman, Barnalee. A Comparative Study of Raja Rao and Birendra Kumar Bhattacharyya with Reference to Their Novels. PhD dissertation, Gauhati University (India), 2013. Battye, John H., III. Rural as Translocal: An Alternative to National Identity in Canadian Theatre. MA thesis, University of Alberta (Canada), 2013. Behrens, Michael A. Women Writers, Religious Rhetoric, and the Origins of Sensibility in England, 1660–1754. PhD dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (USA), 2013. Belda Vázquez, María Consuelo. “Teresa,” de Miguel de Unamuno: Entre la tradición y la renovación [“Teresa,” by Miguel de Unamuno: between Tradition and Renewal]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (Spain), 2013. In Spanish. Bernard, Jean-François. No Laughing Matter: Shakespearean Melancholy and the Transformation of Comedy. PhD dissertation, Université de Montréal (Canada), 2013. Blanchard, Jeffery C. “The common man is the common hero.” New Inclusive Definitions of War Poetry. PhD dissertation, Drew University (USA), 2013. Boyd, Brad Quentin. Against Arcadia: English Mock-Pastoral and Mock-Georgic, 1660–1740. PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley (USA), 2013. Brajović, Jelena. Књижевни текстови у уџбеницима и приручницима француског језика из перспективе савремених приступа настави страних језика [Literary Texts in French Language Textbooks and Reference Books from the Perspective of Contemporary Approaches to Foreign Language Teaching]. PhD dissertation, University of Belgrade (Serbia), 2013. In Serbian. Braunecker, Melanie. Inversions of the “Survival Myth” in Contemporary Canadian Narratives. Diplomarbeit thesis, University of Graz (Austria), 2013. Brisbois, Michael J. Millenarian Moderns: A Study of Utopian Desire. PhD dissertation, University of Calgary (Canada), 2013. Brown, Ruth. Telling the Story of Mexican Migration: Chronicle, Literature, and Film from the Post-Gatekeeper Period. PhD dissertation, University of Kentucky (USA), 2013. Brownlee, Annette Geoffrion. Our Lips Are Not Our Own: Research into Guidelines for Preaching Scripture as the Church’s Book. Doctorate of Ministry dissertation,

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The Reception of Northrop Frye

Wycliffe College and University of Toronto (Canada), 2013. Byttebier, Stephanie. Trials of Empathy: The Drama of Suffering in James and Cather. PhD dissertation, Boston University (USA), 2013. Campbell, Narelle. Now and Then: Traces of the Present in Medievalist Fantasy Fiction. PhD dissertation, University of Wollongong (Australia), 2013. Carvalho, Isaías Francisco de. Omeros e Viva o povo brasileiro: Outrização produtiva e identidades diaspóricas no Caribe Estendido [Omeros and Viva the Brazilian People: Productive Outreach and Diasporic Identities in the Extended Caribbean. PhD dissertation, Universidade Federal da Bahia (Brazil), 2013. In Portuguese. Chan, Michael J. The City on a Hill: A Tradition-Historical Study of the Wealth of Nations Tradition. PhD dissertation, Emory University (USA), 2013. Chen, Jiling. The Rising of American Culture. PhD dissertation, Jilin University (China), 2013. In Chinese. Chetty, Raj. Race Fundamentalism: Caribbean Theater and the Challenge to Black Diaspora. PhD dissertation, University of Washington (USA), 2013. Christy Paulina, J. Evil in the Select Novels of Thomas Hardy and William Golding: An Existentialist Reading. PhD dissertation, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University (India), 2013. Cline-Katayama, Karen. Joyce’s Epiphany and Kawabata’s Aware: Pathways to Jungian Individuation. MA thesis, California State University, Dominguez Hills (USA), 2013. Codó Martínez, Jordi. El cinema com a espai intercultural: La influència asiàtica en el cinema d’Occident: Contextos, conceptes i casos [Cinema as an Intercultural Space: The Asian Influence in Western Cinema: Contexts, Concepts and Cases]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Ramon Llull (Spain), 2013. In Catalan. Cook, Christi. One High Heel on Each Side of the Border: A Closer Look at Gender and Sexuality in Chicana and Anglo Young Adult Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Arlington (USA), 2013. Copper, Jenna M. Thinking Critically about Teaching Criticism: Using Teachers’ Perceptions to Evaluate the Literary Theory Implementation Model in the Secondary English Classroom. PhD dissertation, Robert Morris University (USA), 2013. Chougule, Ajay K. Robertson Davies’ Novels: An Archetypal Study. PhD dissertation, Shivaji University (India), 2013. Dahl, Eric N. A Comparative Study of Secular Accounts of the Apocalypse in Four Contemporary Novels:— Kurt Vonnegut’s “Galapagos,” “The Road” by Cormac ­McCarthy—Nicolas Dickner’s “Tarmac,” and “Les larmes de saint Laurent” by Dominique Fortier. MA thesis, Université de Sherbrooke (Canada), 2013.

Daniels, Shawn Gaius. Satire in the “Historia Augusta.” PhD dissertation, University of Florida (USA), 2013. Decker, Pamela. Theatrical Spectatorship in the United States and Soviet Union, 1921–1936: A Cognitive Approach to Comedy, Identity, and Nation. PhD dissertation, Ohio State University (USA), 2013. De Cuba, Pablo A. La usina del lenguaje teoría de la poesía neobarroca [The Power of the Language Theory of Neo-Baroque Poetry]. PhD dissertation, Texas A&M University (USA), 2013. In Spanish. Delne, Claudy. Le bâillonnement de la révolution haïtienne dans l’imaginaire occidental à travers des textes fictionnels des dix-neuvième et vingtième siècles [The Gagging of the Haitian Revolution in the Western Imagination through Fictional Texts of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries]. PhD dissertation, City University of New York (USA), 2013. In French. Dennert, Brian C. John the Baptist and the Jewish Setting of Matthew. PhD dissertation, Loyola University Chicago (USA), 2013. D’Amico, Margaret A. Moving Cataclysm: Journeys of Quest, Landscapes of Loss in Late French Medieval Romance and 19th-Century Travel Narratives. PhD dissertation, University of Washington (USA), 2013. Ding, Li. An Archetypal Reading of Faulkner’s “The Hamlet.” MA thesis, Nanjing University (China), 2013. In Chinese. Di Nino, Nicola. Spiritual Voices: Antonia Pozzi, Cristina Campo, and Margherita Guidacci. PhD dissertation, Columbia University (USA), 2013. Dodworth, Cameron. Illuminating the Darkness: The Naturalistic Evolution of Gothicism in the Nineteenth-Century British Novel and Visual Art. PhD dissertation, University of Nebraska—Lincoln (USA), 2013. Donahue, Luke. The Senselessness of an Ending in Wordsworth, P.B. Shelley, and Keats. PhD dissertation, Emory University (USA). Dudley, John. The Subject of Belief: Modernism, Religion, and Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin–Madison (USA), 2013. Dujarric Florence. La ville de Rebus: Polarités urbaines dans les romans d’Ian Rankin (1987–2007) [The City of Rebus: Urban Polarities in the Novels of Ian Rankin (1987–2007)]. PhD dissertation, École doctorale Études anglophones, germanophones, et européennes (Paris), in partnership with Langues, Textes, Arts et Cultures du Monde Anglophone (France), 2013. In French. Ferreira Gouveia, Paula. La Théorie de la disposition rhétorique: Sa formulation dans les textes classiques, sa rápparition dans les arts poétiques de la Renaissance française et son influence sur la composition des Sonnets pour Hélène (1578) de Pierre de Ronsard [The Theory of Rhetorical Disposition: Its Formulation in Classical Texts, Its

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Reappearance in the Poetic Arts of the French Renaissance, and Its Influence on the Composition of Sonnets for Hélène (1578) by Pierre de Ronsard]. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2013. In French. Firmender, Dana. An Approach to the Teaching of William Shakespeare’s “Macbeth” to High School Level Students. MA thesis, Southern Connecticut State University (USA), 2013. Forsyth, Justin Chew. Reading Surrealism in Cho Se-hŭi’s The Dwarf and Other Works of Modern Korean Fiction. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2013. Gajdošová, Veronika. Genderová analýza publikace feministické autorky Jany Juráňové–Orodovnice [Gender Analysis of the Publication of the Author Jana Juráňová–Orodovnice]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2013. In Czech. Ganaie, Shabir Hussain. Spiritual Revival and Social Rebellion in William Blake and Kahlil Gibran: A Comparative Perspective. PhD dissertation, Aligarh Muslim University (India), 2013. Gavali, Shankar Ambadas. Reconstruction of Identities in the Novels of Michael Ondaatje. PhD dissertation, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University (India), 2013. Geetha, C. Kamala Das as a Feminist Platonist. PhD dissertation, Madurai Kamraj University (India), 2013. Gertsch, Emily S. Narratives of Innocence and Experience: Plot Archetypes in Robert Schumann’s Piano Quintet and Piano Quartet. PhD dissertation, Florida State University (USA), 2013. Glabischnig, Felicitas. Environmental Issues in Contemporary Canadian Narrative Literature. Diplomarbeit thesis, University of Graz (Austria), 2013. González García, María. El cine y la literatura en el desarrollo y logro de las competencias básicas: Análisis e interpretación de una investigación intertextual en educación primaria y secundaria [Film and Literature in the Development and Achievement of Basic Skills: Analysis and Interpretation of an Intertextual Investigation in Primary and Secondary Education]. PhD dissertation, Universidad de Murcia (Spain), 2013. In Spanish. Gordon-Walker, Caitlin. Unity in Diversity: The Limits of Multiculturalism and Museums in Canada. PhD dissertation, Trent University (Canada), 2013. Gould, Rebecca. The Political Aesthetic of the Medieval Persian Prison Poem, 1100–1200. PhD dissertation, Columbia University (USA), 2013. Grillo, Carmen M. Haunting the Domestic Foam: A Political Spherology of Contemporary Haunted House Films. MA thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2013. Guleria, Ameena. Journey as Discovery: A Study of Select Works M.G. Vassanji. PhD dissertation, Himachal Pradesh University (India), 2013.

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Gurney, Evan August. Discontented Charity: Theology, Community, and Hermeneutics, More to Milton. PhD dissertation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA), 2013. Hagen, Margareth. Il progetto drammaturgico di Giambattista Giraldi: Retorica e tematica di un dramma modern [The Dramaturgical Project by Giambattista Giraldi: The Rhetoric and Thematic of a Modern Drama]. PhD dissertation, University of Bergen (Norway), 2013. In Italian. Hager, Julia. Who Can Fix the Great Machine? Democracy and Vigilantism in Ex Machina. Diplomarbeit thesis, University of Graz (Austria), 2013. Hall, Jake Ellis. Telling Stories and Revealing Narratives: Identifying and Articulating Expressions of Local Ecclesiology at Heritage Baptist Fellowship in Canton, Georgia. Doctorate of Ministry dissertation, Mercer University (USA), 2013. Heitkemper-Yates, Michael David. Mytho-Historical Mode: Metafictional Parody and Postmodern High Irony in the Works of Donald Barthelme, Robert Coover, and Ishmael Reed. PhD dissertation, University of Edinburgh (Scotland), 2013. Hellman, Wesley J. Power and Parody: Flann O’Brien’s Satire of Repressive Irish Identity, 1937–1966. PhD dissertation, Indiana University of Pennsylvania (USA), 2013. Hendrickson, Timothy M. Still Adventurous: Genre Shifts, Narrative Experiments, and the Legacy of the Late-Victorian Adventure Story. PhD dissertation, Northern Illinois University (USA), 2013. Hertzog, Sue Louise. Benjamin’s Bards: Myth, Memory, and Zeitgeist in the Making of the Modern Storyteller. PhD dissertation, University of California, Riverside (USA), 2013. Hiebert, Matthew. Transoceanic Canada: The Regional Cosmopolitanism of George Woodcock. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2013. Hollingsworth, Catherine Ann. Theological Existentialism in San Manuel Bueno, Mártir. PhD dissertation, Wayne State University (USA), 2013. Huber, Kate. Transnational Translation: Foreign Language in the Travel Writing of Cooper, Melville, and Twain. PhD dissertation, Temple University (USA), 2013. Huber, William Humberto. The Foundations of Videogame Authorship. PhD dissertation, University of California, San Diego (USA), 2013. Hůlová, Silvie. Brány Jiných světů: Podoba hranice Jiného světa v keltských a staroseverských příbězích [The Gates of the Otherworlds: The Border of the Otherworld in Celtic and Old Norse Myths]. BA thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2013. In Czech. Hyatt, Laura Leigh. Evoking Supernatural Music in Shakespeare: From Celestial to Magical Music. MA thesis, University of Nebraska at Kearney (USA), 2013.

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The Reception of Northrop Frye

Iovan, Sarah. Music and Performative Poetics in Early Modern English Lyrics. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin–Madison (USA), 2013. Jackson, Stephen. “The Crown of Education”: Constructing National Identity in the Classrooms of Ontario, Canada and Victoria, Australia. PhD dissertation, George Washington University (USA), 2013. Janzen, Brycen Dwayne. “If truth be thine, what needs a brutish force?” Henry Vaughan, “Silex Scintillans,” and Interregnum Anglican Survivalism. MA thesis, University of Northern British Columbia (Canada), 2013. Jeffress, Ian MacDonald. An Essay on Musical Narrative Theory and Its Role in Interpretation, with Analyses of Works for Saxophone by Alfred Desenclos and John Harbison. Doctorate of Musical Arts dissertation, University of South Carolina (USA), 2013. Jennison-Scheler, Andrew Edward. Space for Community: Spatial Rhetoric and Moral Judgment in the Poetry of the English Renaissance. PhD dissertation, University of Virginia (USA), 2013. Johnson, Amanda Louise. Romances of the New World. PhD dissertation, Vanderbilt University (USA), 2013. Jones, Joshua David. The Re-creation of the World: Power, Property and Globalism in Modern Pastoral and Agrarian Fiction of the 18th and 20th Centuries. PhD dissertation, Fordham University (USA), 2013. Joshi, Pooja. Poetics of Process: An Anatomy of Northrop Frye’s Criticism. PhD dissertation, University of Rajasthan (India), 2013. Karoušová, Veronika. Příběh jako inspirace pro psychodidaktické myšlení [The Story as an Inspiration to a Psychodidactic Development]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2013. In Czech. Kastner, Tal. The Boilerplate of Everything and the Ideal of Agreement in American Law and Literature. PhD dissertation, Princeton University (USA), 2013. Kaur, Pavittarpal. Dr. Jagtar Kaav. PhD dissertation, Guru Nanak Dev University (India), 2013. Khan, Amir. Counterfactual Thinking and Shakespearean Tragedy: Imagining Alternatives in the Plays. PhD dissertation, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2013. Kintner, Amy. “She’s So Busy Being Free”: The Dynamics of Utopia in Popular Music by Women, 1968–2008. PhD dissertation, University of Rochester (USA), 2013. Knežević, Biljana. Наративна функција права [Narrative Function of Law]. PhD dissertation, University of Belgrade (Serbia), 2013. In Serbian. Kore, Shrishail Mallappa. Regionalism in Select Canadian English Novels. PhD dissertation, Shivaji University (India), 2013. Kožárová, Radka. Čarodějnictví a inkvizice v literárním a historickém kontextu “El Crotalon” [Witchcraft and Inquisition in “El Crotalón” from a Historical-Literary

Perspective]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2013. In Czech. Kuehs, Wilhelm. Mythenweber: Wie wir einander die Welt erzählen: Myth Weaver: How We Tell Each Other the World.] PhD dissertation, Alpen-Adri a-Universität-Klagenfurt (German), 2013. In German. Kumar, Raman. Dialectic of Being and Becoming: A Study of R.K. Narayan’s Representative Protagonists. PhD dissertation, Himachal Pradesh University (India), 2013. Kumar, Virander. Quest for Self in the Select Novels of Raja Rao, R.K. Narayan, U.R. Anantha Murthy, and Khushwant Singh. PhD dissertation, Himachal Pradesh University (India), 2013. Kuna, Aleš. McCarthy’s Apocalyptical The Road: A Minimalist and Allegorical Reading. Bachelor’s thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2013. Lacroix, Constance. Jane Barker et la Trilogie de Galesia: Commentaire, annotation et traduction d’une trilogie Jacobite [Jane Barker and the Galesia Triology: Commentary, Annotation, and Translation of a Jacobite Triology]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Valenciennes and Hainaut Cambrésis (France), 2013. In French. Landeros, Luz María. Cervantes and Don Quixote, Two Literary Heroes Who Transcend into Music. PhD dissertation, University of California, Riverside (USA), 2013. Langlais, Elena. L’Aurore aux doigts de santal: Poétique comparée des modernités épiques en Inde et en France [Dawn with Rosy Fingers: Comparative Poetics of Epic Modernities in India and France]. Doctoral thesis, University of Paris-West (France), 2013. In French. Lapierre, Maude. The Hybridity of Violence: Location, Dislocation, and Relocation in Contemporary Canadian Multicultural and Indigenous Writing. PhD dissertation, Université de Montréal (Canada), 2013. Laxer, Christopher. Literary Branding in the Romantic Period. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2013. Lenz, Linda. Jak je uděláno Pozvání na popravu: Teatrální a polemické prvky v románě Vladimira Nabokova [How Invitation to a Beheading Is Made: Theatrical and Polemical Elements in Vladimir Nabokov’s Novel]. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2013. In Czech. Liu, Can Can. An Analysis of the U-Shape Narrative Structure in David Lodge’s “Deaf Sentence.” MA thesis, Hubei University (China), 2013. In Chinese. Löwensteinová, Klára. Italský historický román 1827–1840 [The Italian Historical Novel between 1827 and 1840]. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2013. In Czech. McAlister, Sean. Secondary Authorship: Aesthetics and the Idea of Mass Culture in the United States, 1835–1866.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2013. McGraw, Mark David. The Universal Quixote: Appropriations of a Literary Icon. PhD dissertation, Texas A&M University (USA), 2013. McGregor, Rafe David. The Autonomy of Literature. PhD dissertation, York University (Canada), 2013. McHugh, Marissa. The Invasion of the Home Front: Revisiting, Rewriting, and Replaying the First World War in Contemporary Canadian Plays. PhD dissertation, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2013. Macmillan, Daymon Joseph. Traversing the Periphery: Focalization in Cen Shen’s Frontier Settings within the Context of Chinese Frontier Poetry. MA thesis, University of Victoria (Canada), 2013. Madsen, David. Weaver of Allegory: John Bunyan’s Use of the Medieval Theme of Vice and Virtue as Devotional Writer and Social Critic in The Holy War. MA thesis, Liberty University (USA), 2013. Maíz, Claudio. Demonios, profetas y mártires: Restos bíblicos en la ensayística hispanoamericana moderna [Demons, Prophets and Martyrs: Biblical Remains in Modern Spanish American Essays]. Doctor in Letras dissertation, Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez (Chile), 2013. In Spanish. Mallorqui Ruscalleda, Enric. Quijotes “a lo divino” (1552– 1601): La búsqueda del sentido de la vida en la España de los Habsburgo (capítulos de historia cultural) [Quixote’s “to the Divine” (1552–1601): The Search for the Meaning of Life in the Spain of the Habsburgs (Chapters of Cultural History)]. PhD dissertation, Princeton University (USA), 2013. In Spanish. Manea, Raluca. Recompositions of Place: The Locopoetics of Jacques Roubaud, Emmanuel Hocquard and Jacques Darras. PhD dissertation, New York University (USA), 2013. Martin, Tiffany Brooke. “For the future”: Consciousness, Fantasy, and Imagination in Owen Barfield’s Fiction. PhD dissertation, Idaho State University (USA), 2013. Marydass, C. Critical Response of G. Wilson Knight and E.M.W. Tillyard to the Theme of Human Regeneration in Shakespeare’s Last Plays: A Metacritical Analysis. PhD dissertation, Mahatma Gandhi University (India), 2013. Matthews, Charity Christine. Women Writers and the Study of Natural History in Nineteenth-Century Canada. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2013. Melichar, Dominik. Narativní prostory lyriky [Narrative Spaces of Lyrical Poetry]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2013. In Czech. Menzies, James. Belief in an Age of Technology: C.S. Lewis and Joseph Campbell on Myth and Its Application to the

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Christian Faith in a Technological Society. PhD dissertation, Salve Regina University (USA), 2013. Moreno-Viqueira, Ileana. Invisible Mathematics in Italo Calvino’s Le città invisibili. PhD dissertation, Columbia University (USA), 2013. Mugnai, Metello. Religion Reconsidered: The Gospel According to the Italian Twentieth Century. PhD dissertation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA), 2013. Mukherjee, Prasia. Subverting Stereotypes: Critiquing Feminist Utopian Dystopian Narratives. PhD dissertation, University of Calcutta (India), 2013. Nambiar, Madhavi. Metaphor, Paradox and Repetition as Contemplative Tools in Ovid’s “Metamorphoses.” PhD dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute (USA), 2013. Napiorkowska, Marta Maria. The Perduring Sublime: The Poetics of Post-Sublime Recovery in the Poems of Adam Zagajewski, Miroslav Holub, and Allen Grossman. PhD dissertation, University of Chicago (USA), 2013. Naud, Daniel. Les discours ruraux, urbains et périurbains du cinéma Québécois [The Rural, Urban, and Peri-urban Discourses of Quebec Cinema]. PhD dissertation, Université de Montréal (Canada), 2013. In French. Nedbalová, Julia. Die Mythologen der deutschen Früh-und Hochromantik: Der Mythosbegriff in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts [The Mythologist of the Early and High German Romanticism: The Concept of the Myth in the Beginning of the 19th Century]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2013. In German. Neelin, Lyndal Laurel. The Importance of Being Shawville: The Role of Particularity in Community Resilience. PhD dissertation, Carleton University (Canada), 2013. Nohejl, Jiří. Obraz jako příklad a vzor v kontextu jeho vlivu a rozšíření na prožívání života člověka [Visual Experience as Example and Pattern in Relation to the Expansion and Influence into Human Life]. Rigorosum thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2013. In Czech. Noriega, Ramiro. Entre Histoire et mémoire: Un aspect du roman espagnol et hispano-américain à l’aube du XXIème siècle (R. Piglia, R. Bolano, J. Cercas) [Between History and Memory: An Aspect of the Spanish and Hispanic-American Novel at the Dawn of the 21st Century (R. Piglia, R. Bolano, J. Cercas)]. Doctoral thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle–Paris III (France), 2013. In French. Novak, Sonja. Dramske teorije o nestanku tragedije u 20. Stoljeću [Dramatic Theories of the Disappearance of Tragedy from 20th-Century Theatre]. PhD dissertation, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek (Croatia), 2013. In Croatian. Novotná, Eliška. Rekonstrukce životního příběhu u mladých dospělých vystavených nepříznivému působení rodiny [The Reconstruction of the Life Story of Young Adults

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Being Exposed to an Adverse Effect of Their Family]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2013. In Czech. O’Dea, Rory. Science Fiction and Mystic Fact: Robert Smithson’s Ways of World-Making. PhD dissertation, New York University (USA), 2013. Oosthuizen, Wilhelm Frederik. Death: An Archetypal Education of the Ego. PhD dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute (USA), 2013. Orozco Watrel, Martha Patricia. The Peregrino/Outsider in Three Novels by Benito Pérez Galdós. PhD dissertation, Catholic University of America (USA), 2013. Ortiz, Ivan. Romanticism and the Aesthetics of Modern Transport. PhD dissertation, Princeton University (USA), 2013. Osborne, Marilyn Huebener. The Changing Isolation of the Outsider: A Time-Based Analysis of Four Canadian Immigrant Writers. MA thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2013. Oxendine, Jessica Grace. Warrior Women in Early Modern Literature. PhD dissertation, University of North Texas (USA), 2013. Pandelakis, Pan. L’héroïsme contrarié: Formes du corps héroïque masculin dans le cinéma américain 1978–2006 [Heroism Upset: Forms of the Male Heroic Body in American Cinema, 1978–2006]. PhD dissertation, Graduate School of Arts and Media (Paris), in partnership with Research Workshop on Intermediality and the Performing Arts (France), 2013. In French. Pantelides, Kate L. Mapping Dissertation Genre Ecology. PhD dissertation, University of South Florida (USA), 2013. Parris, Benjamin. “Workes of Darkenes”: Sleep, Insomnia, and Sense in English Renaissance Literature. PhD dissertation, Johns Hopkins University (USA), 2013. Parsons, David Michael. Archetypal Vintage: Wine as an Archetypal Agent of Psychological and Spiritual Transformation in Select Ancient Literature. MA thesis, California State University, Dominguez Hills (USA), 2013. Pavoo, Joicy P. A Study of the Valsalya Bhava in Malayalam Poetry with Special Reference to the Poems of Vailoppilly. PhD dissertation, Mahatma Gandhi University (India), 2013. In Malayalam. Perić, Dragoljub Ž. Поетика времена српских усмених епских песама предвуковског бележења и Вукових збирки [Poetics of Time in Serbian Oral Epic Poems Recorded before V.S. Karadžić and in His Collections]. PhD dissertation, University of Belgrade (Serbia), 2013. In Serbian. Picherit, Elizabeth. Inventing the Elephant Man: Reading Joseph Merrick’s Body through Victorian Genre. PhD dissertation, University of Wyoming (USA), 2013.

Pingjing de. An Analysis of Literary Imitation in Frye’s Anatomy of Criticism. MA thesis, Minnan Normal University (China), 2013. In Chinese. Pistelli, John. Modernism’s Critique du Coeur: The Novelist as Critic, 1885–1925. PhD dissertation, University of Minnesota (USA), 2013. Poljak Rehlicki, Jasna. Od mita do ironije: Lik vojnika u američkoj književnosti 20. i 21. Stoljeća [From Myth to Irony: The Character of the Soldier in the American Novel of the 20th and 21st Century]. PhD dissertation, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek (Croatia), 2013. In Croatian. Ponzio, Carl Joseph. Reading (for) Magical Gaps: The Novice Reader’s Aesthetic Response to Magical Realism. MA thesis, University of California, Merced (USA), 2013. Porte, Jacqueline. The Ideal Epic Hero from Beowulf to Batman. MA thesis, State University of New York at Stony Brook (USA), 2013. Portier, Faith. The Uncanny Genre of the Modern Novel. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin–Madison (USA), 2013. Pujante Cascales, Basilio. El microrrelato hispánico (1988– 2008): Teoría y análisis [The Hispanic Micro-story (1988–2008): Theory and Analysis]. PhD dissertation, Universidad de Murcia (Spain), 2013. In Spanish. Qiao, Bingnan. A Study of Robert Frost’s Poems from the Perspective of Archetypal Criticism. MA thesis, Shenyang Normal University (China), 2013. In Chinese. Raisanen, Elizabeth Ruth. Literary Gestations: Giving Birth to Writing, 1722–1831. PhD dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles (USA), 2013. Ramachandran, S. The Poetic Personality of Edasseri Govindan Nair. PhD dissertation, Mahatma Gandhi University (India), 2013. In Malayalam. Ramirez, Enrique Gualberto, III. Airs of Modernity, 1881– 1914. PhD dissertation, Princeton University (USA), 2013. Ramírez Rojas, Marco. Leon de Greiff y la tradición literaria [Leon de Greiff and the Literary Tradition]. PhD dissertation, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2013. In Spanish. Rilett, Beverley Park. Reassessing George Eliot’s Union with George Henry Lewes and Her Literary Representations of Marrige. PhD dissertation, University of Nebraska–Lincoln (USA), 2013. Rimpioja Riippa, Anne Suzanna. Réécritures bibliques chez Paul Claudel, André Gide et Albert Camus: Une étude intertextuelle sur dix oeuvres littéraires [Biblical Rewrites by Paul Claudel, André Gide and Albert Camus: An Intertextual Study of Ten Literary Works]. PhD dissertation, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle–Paris III (France), 2013. In French. Riordan, William. Liberalism and the Narrative Construction of the Nation in Nineteenth-Century Mexico. PhD

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

dissertation, University of Colorado at Boulder (USA), 2013. Ryan, Bettina Rachel. The Anonymous “Musicae artis disciplina”: A Critical Edition. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2013. Sagástegui Heredia, Carla. Tramas de la ficción externa en la literatura peruana y sus modos ficcionales [Plots of External Fiction in Peruvian Literature and Its Fictional Modes]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (Spain), 2013. In Spanish. Samatar, Sofia. Nonstandard Space: Tayeb Salih, Fantasy, and World Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin–Madison (USA), 2013. Shepherd, Michelle Denise. Vienna as Ecologism: A Wellness Mythography. PhD dissertation, University of Colorado at Denver (USA), 2013. Simko, Christina Elaine. Mourning and Memory: September 11 Rhetoric and American Political Theodicy. PhD dissertation, University of Virginia (USA), 2013. Siraki, Arby Ted. Adam Smith and the Problems of Eighteenth-Century Aesthetics. PhD dissertation, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2013. Šofranac, Nataša. Motiv ludila kod junaka četiri velike tragedije Vilijama Šekspira—Hamlet, Magbet, Otelo i Kralj Lir [The Motif of Madness of the Characters in Four Great Tragedies by William Shakespeare—Hamlet, Macbeth, Othello, and King Lear]. PhD dissertation, University of Belgrade (Serbia), 2013. In Bosnian. Song, Gencheng. A Mythopoeic Study of Hermann Broch’s Novels. PhD dissertation, Henan University (China), 2013. In Chinese. Speser, Arendt Oak. Round Song: Narrative Bibliography and the Living Archive. PhD dissertation, University of Washington (USA), 2013. Stamatović Vučković, Slavica P. Облици архитектонске комуникације на објектима културе у Црној Гори у другој половини XX века [Architectural Communication of Cultural Centrer in Montenegro in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century]. PhD dissertation, University of Belgrade (Serbia), 2013. In Serbian. Stewart, Fenn Elan. Naturalizing Canada: Settler Colonial “Wilderness” and the Making of Race and Place. PhD dissertation, York University (Canada), 2013. Stokes, Jordan Carmalt. Music and Genre in Film: Aesthetics and Ideology. PhD dissertation, City University of New York (USA), 2013. Susmitha, G.M. Elucidating the Socio-literary Matrix of Latin American Reality: A Study of Mario Vargas Llosa’s Fiction. PhD dissertation, Acharya Nagarjuna University (India), 2013. Švantner, Michal. Historie, fikce a ideologie: Analýza románu Salaì má pochyby [History, Fiction and Ideology: Analysis of the Novel The Doubts of Salai]. Diploma

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thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2013. In Czech. Tanaka, Hikaru. Anticipating the New David and the New Moses: A Canonical Reading of the Book of Isaiah. MA thesis, Wycliffe College and University of Toronto (Canada), 2013. Taylor, Jessica Anne. Write the Book of Your Heart: Career, Passion and Publishing in the Romance Writing Community. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2013. Taylor, Luke. Renaissance Error: Digression from Ariosto to Milton. PhD dissertation, Harvard University (USA), 2013. Thistle, Lindsay. Myth and History: Representations of War on the Canadian Stage from 1960–2011. PhD dissertation, York University (USA), 2013. Tiezzi, Ricardo. Anatomia do anticristo: Narrativa arquetípica no filme de Lars von Trier [Anatomy of the Antichrist: Archetypal Narrative in the Films of Lars von Trier]. Thesis, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (Brazil), 2013. In Portuguese. Válková, Natalia. Otázky literární hermeneutiky [Issues in Literary Hermeneutics]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2013. In Czech. VanDenBos, Wesley. Subverting a Mythology Examining Joseph Campbell’s Monomyth in the Fiction of H.P. Lovecraft. MA thesis, Liberty University (USA), 2013. Vasiljevićová, Dajana. Proměna obrazu ženy v chorvatské próze od realismu dodnes [Transformation of the Picture of the Woman in the Croatian Prose from Realism until Today]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2013. In Czech. Veselá, Blanka. Osudové ženy v beletrii Ladislava Klímy: genderové archetypy v dílech Utrpení knížete Sternenhocha a Slavná Nemesis [Fateful Women in Ladislav Klíma’s Fiction: Gender Archetypes in the Works of the Suffering of Prince Sternenhoch and the Famous Nemesis]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2013. In Czech. Vijayan, A.V. Mythographers and Mythoclasts: A Comparative Study of the Fiction of Gabriel García Mírquez and O.V. Vijayan. PhD dissertation, Mahatma Gandhi University (India), 2013. Williams, Scott C. The Structure of Narrative in Cormac McCarthy’s “Child of God.” MA thesis, Colorado State University (USA), 2013. Wojcik, Michael W. Inventing Computational Rhetoric. MA thesis, Michigan State University (USA), 2013. Worlow, Christian D. Shakespeare and Modeling Political Subjectivity. PhD dissertation, University of North Texas (USA), 2013. Xin, Yamin. A Study of Twentieth-Century Shakespearean Criticism. PhD dissertation, Jilin University (China), 2013. In Chinese.

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The Reception of Northrop Frye

Yannick, Gils. Het christelijk apocalyptisch denken in hedendaagse mainstream film [Christian Apocalyptic Thinking in Contemporary Mainstream Film]. MA thesis, University of Antwerp (Belgium), 2013. In Dutch. Yu, Qian. Writing Belief: Religious Elements in Marilynne Robinson’s Fiction. PhD dissertation, Beijing Foreign Studies University (China), 2013. In Chinese. Yu, Yuanyuan. Concern and Myth. MA thesis, Provincial Academy of Social Sciences (China), 2013. In Chinese. Zaher, Lisa. By Mind and Hand: Hollis Frampton’s Photographic Modernism. PhD dissertation, University of Chicago (USA), 2013. Zhang, Lilong. A Study of the Biblical Archetypes of Lawrence’s Main Novels. MA thesis, Xiamen University (China), 2013. In Chinese. Zhang, Xiuzhe. The Research Outlook for Frye’s Literary Aesthetics. MA thesis, Heilongjiang University (China), 2013. In Chinese. Zhang, Yan. A Study of Literary Film Adaptations from a Cross-cultural Perspective. PhD dissertation, Soochow University (China), 2013. In Chinese. Zhou, Yi. The Canadian Factor in Alice Munro’s Short Stories. PhD dissertation, Shanghai International Studies University (China), 2013. In Chinese. Zuo, Zuo. An Archetypal Analysis of the “Picture of Dorian Gray.” MA thesis, Hubei University (China), 2013. In Chinese. 2014 Abbott, Erik. Cologne Carnival’s “alternative” Stunksitzung: Carnivalization? Meta-Carnival? or Bakhtinian Restoration? PhD dissertation, City University of New York (USA), 2014. Abdel Tawwab, Samia. Drama and Performance in Iacopone da Todi’s “Lauda.” PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2014. Aguilar, Julio Cesar. Bajo el poderío del lenguaje: Capacidad terapéutica de la poesía en cuatro poetas depresivos y suicidas: Raúl Gómez Jattin, Rodrigo Lira, Ángel Escobar y Julio Inverso [Under the Power of Language: Therapeutic Capacity of Poetry in Four Depressive and Suicidal Poets: Raúl Gómez Jattin, Rodrigo Lira, Ángel Escobar and Julio Inverso]. PhD dissertation, Texas A&M University (USA), 2014. In Spanish. Allen, Leighanne. Prophet against Satire: The Sacred Performance of William Blake’s “Urizen.” MA thesis, University of Wyoming (USA), 2014. Al Saifi, Fadi Abd Al Kareem. Rendition of Allegory in Contemporary Political Discourse: A Study in Translated Corpora. MA thesis, University of Petra (Jordan), 2014. al Shaibah, Arig. Educational Equity in Canadian Academe: Implications of Neoliberal Discourse and Ideology. PhD dissertation, Queen’s University (Canada), 2014.

Angelovski, Jelena. Прозни опус Александра Тишме [The Prose Works of Aleksandar Tišma]. PhD dissertation, University of Belgrade (Serbia), 2014. In Serbian. Anuradha, P.M. The Mythical World of Dr. Chandrashekar Kambar: A Study of His Major Plays. PhD dissertation, Kuvempu University (India), 2014. Araujo, Uriel Irigaray. A morte e a morte de Quincas Berro Dágua e a trajetória iniciática: Mito e oralidade em Jorge Amado [The Death and Death of Quincas Berro Dágua and the Initiatory Trajectory: Myth and Orality in Jorge Amado]. MA thesis, Universidade de Brasília (Brazil), 2014. In Portuguese. Ardoin, Paul. Perception Sickness: Modernist Literature and the Dangers of a Heightened Awareness. PhD dissertation, Florida State University (USA), 2014. Aubut, Stéphane. Agentivité et éthique dans “Hamlet” et “Coriolan” de William Shakespeare. MA thesis, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (Canada), 2014. Bagunyà Costes, Borja. Restitucions de l’experiència en la narrativa metaficcional angloamericana (1955–1973) [Restitutions of the Experience in the Anglo-American Metafictional Narrative (1955–1973)]. PhD dissertation, Universitat de Barcelona. In Spanish. Banale, Archana Rajendra. A Spiritual Odyssey of Quest for the Mysteries of Life: A Study of Paulo Coelho’s Fiction. PhD dissertation, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University (India), 2014. Baranello, Adriana Marie. Fillia’s Futurism Writing, Politics, Gender and Art after the First World War. PhD dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles (USA), 2014. Barnes, Alyssan. Classical Education for the Modern Student: The Place of Poetics among the “rival sisters of the trivium.” PhD dissertation, Texas Woman’s University (USA), 2014. Barouch, Timothy. Liberalism’s Children: Studies in Literature and Law. PhD dissertation, Northwestern University (USA), 2014. Battis, Stacey Elizabeth. Eloquence non Vaine: The Search for Suitable Style in Early Modern France. PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley (USA), 2014. Bay, Jessica L. Re-Writing Publishing: Fanfiction and Self-Publication in Urban Fantasy. MA thesis, University of Lethbridge (Canada), 2014. Bearden-White, Roy. Reading the Self: Print Technologies, Authorship, and Identity Formation in the Eighteenth-Century Marketplace. PhD dissertation, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale (USA), 2014. Berecochea, Ximena. Text and Image in Contemporary Mexican Narrative: The Effect of Interdisciplinarity in Six Novels. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2014. Berlage, Pauline. Las políticas de representación del género en la escritura de la migración latinoamericana. [The

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Politics of Gender Representation in the Writing of Latin American Migration]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain), 2014. In Spanish. Bishop, Katherine Elizabeth. War in the Margins: Illustrating Anti-Imperialism in American Culture. PhD dissertation, University of Iowa (USA), 2014. Bjarkman, Kimberly. “not the cosby show”: Comedy in the Age of Irony and Political Incorrectness. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin–Madison (USA), 2014. Boicu, Filip Sebastian. Cultural Discourses in Ceauşist Romania: The Hero-Mirror Mechanism. PhD thesis, University of Nottingham (United Kingdom), 2014. Breckenridge, Adam. Acts of Rebellion: The Rhetoric of Rogue Cinema. PhD dissertation, University of South Florida (USA), 2014. Bristor, Adam. Within and Without: Narrative Patterns in “The Great Gatsby.” MA thesis, California State University, Dominguez Hills (USA), 2014. Brown, Alfie. Eventual Laughter: Dickens and Comedy. PhD dissertation, University of Manchester (United Kingdom), 2014. Brown, Matthew H. The Long Nollywood Century: Colonial Cinema, Nationalist Literature, State Television, and Video Film. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin–Madison (USA), 2014. Burger, Patrick R. The Political Unconscious in the Works of Robert E. Howard and Ernst Jünger. PhD dissertation, Universität Giessen (Germany), 2014. Burton, Emanuelle N. Fantasy and Responsibility: Phronesis and Ethical Meaning-Making in the “Chronicles of Narnia.” PhD dissertation, University of Chicago (USA), 2014. Burrows, Don M. The Art of Deception: Longus and the Ancient Novel. PhD dissertation, University of Minnesota (USA), 2014. Cannon, Benjamin Zenas. Disappearing Walls: Architecture and Literature in Victorian Britain. PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley (USA), 2014. Carone, Maria Giulia. History and Myth in German and Italian Romantic Drama (1773–1832). PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin–Madison (USA), 2014. Ceaser, Cerena. Authorship, Archetype and Zeitgeist: Methodologies for Interpreting Identity. PhD dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute (USA), 2014. Chen, Hsiu-Lin. The Mythical Thinking in Chang Ying-Tai’s Novels Based on the Theory of Archetypal Criticism. MA thesis, National Tsing Hua University (Taiwan), 2014. In Chinese. Chen, Lin. Tao Yuanming and William Wordsworth: A Parallel Study. PhD dissertation, University of Washington (USA), 2014. Childs, Morgan. Authority and Authorship: James Agee’s Let Us Now Praise Famous Men as a Work

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of Fictocriticism. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2014. Cho, Paul Kang-Kul. The Sea in the Hebrew Bible Myth, Metaphor, and “Muthos.” PhD dissertation, Harvard University (USA), 2014. Chowalta, Randhir Singh. Construction of Diversity in the Select Poetry of A.K. Ramanujan, Jayant Mahapatra, and K.N. Daruwalla. PhD dissertation, Himachal Pradesh University (India), 2014. Cihelková, Barbora. Duchovní dimenze ve filmech Evalda Schorma [The Spiritual Dimension in the Films of Evald Schorm]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2014. In Czech. Collins, Kathryn. Learning to Live in the Layers: Traveling Soul’s Way through Poetry. PhD dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute (USA), 2014. Cook, Ryan J. The Rhetoric of Praise: Prayer and Persuasion in the Psalms. PhD dissertation, Asbury Theological Seminary (USA), 2014. Cooke, Roderick. From Aesthetics to Politics in the Dreyfus Affair. PhD dissertation, Columbia University (USA), 2014. Cormier, David Henry. The Seventeenth-Century Prison Experience in England: Lilburne, Milton, Bunyan and the “Carceral Miscellaneity.” PhD dissertation, Saint Louis University (USA), 2014. Crosbie, Thomas. Democratic Oversight and Military Autonomy: The U.S. Army’s Management of American Journalism, 1939–2004. PhD dissertation, Yale University (USA), 2014. Crowell, Kenneth C. Romantic Characters, Victorian Plots: Lyric and the Genealogy of British Domestic Realism. Purdue University (USA), 2014. Cundell, Cheryl Lynne. Mapping the Nation: Exploration and the English-Canadian Literary Imagination. PhD dissertation, Queen’s University (Canada), 2014. Cuthbertson, Thomas. The Fool’s Replies: Toward a Poetics of Folly in Shakespeare’s Comedies. PhD dissertation, Indiana University (USA), 2014. Daigle, Aaron. In the Wilderness. MA thesis, University of Windsor (Canada), 2014. Děkanovský, Jan. Sport ve filmu jako kulturní fenomén [Sport in Film as a Cultural Phenomenon]. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2014. In Czech. de Lautour, Reuben. Histories of the Invisible: Music Technology Discourses in the Age of Phonography. PhD dissertation, Princeton University (USA), 2014. Denbo, Elise R. Shakespeare’s Imaginary Father: Suspending Judgment in the Age of Elizabeth. PhD dissertation, St. John’s University (New York) (USA), 2014. Dias, Marina Simone. La dramaturgia del espacio: Una lectura de los Shakespeares del Teatre Lliure (1977–2007)

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[The Dramaturgy of Space: A Reading of the Shakespeares of the Teatre Lliure (1977–2007)]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (Spain), 2014. In Spanish. DiBlasi, Steven Joseph. While the Diva Wasn’t Looking: An Analytical Survey of Late-Romantic Italian Chamber Music. Doctor of Musical Arts dissertation, University of Memphis (USA), 2014. Duffield, Kari A. Hieronymus Bosch in Context: A Re-evaluation of the Artist through the Enlightened Thinking of Desiderius Erasmus, MA thesis, California State University, Long Beach (USA), 2014. Dunnett, Ninian. Same Old Song: An Exploration of Originality in Popular Music History. PhD dissertation, University of Edinburgh (Scotland), 2014. Evelyn, J. Pinky Diana. Manifestation of the Self and the Sacrament through Art: A Psychoanalytic Study of Flannery O’Connor’s Fiction. PhD dissertation, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University (India), 2014. Faltisco, Robert. Narrative Patterns in Four Plays of Tennessee Williams. MA thesis, California State University, Dominguez Hills (USA), 2014. Farrar, Ryan D. “A Better Where to Find”: Utopian Politics in Shakespeare’s Plays. PhD dissertation, University of Louisiana at Lafayette (USA), 2014. Faulstick, Dustin. “Nothing New Under the Sun”: Ecclesiastes and the Twentieth-Century-US-Literary Imagination. PhD dissertation, Ohio University (USA), 2014. Fernández Porta, Eloy. Estética del relato posmoderno [Aesthetics of the Postmodern Story]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (Spain), 2014. In Spanish. Filkow, Amie Bess. “To Rise by Enterprize”: Opportunism and Self-Interest in British Atlantic Literature, 1700– 1854. PhD dissertation, University of California, San Diego (USA), 2014. Fleer, Benjamin. The Application of Jungian Archetypes to the Analysis of Character in Three Early Plays by W.B. Yeats. MA thesis, University of Missouri-Kansas City (USA), 2014. Foley, Ashar E. The Text at an Impasse: Authorial, Representational, and Structural Boredoms in Selected Works by Gautier, Flaubert, and Gissing. PhD dissertation, State University of New York at Stony Brook (USA), 2014. Fousek, Stephanie Marie. Refamiliarizing Empathy through the Aesthetics of James Joyce and Agustín Yáñez. PhD dissertation, University of California, Riverside (USA), 2014. Froese, Gina J. Rooting, Subverting and Reclaiming: An Analysis of Clemence of Barking’s “Catherine of Alexandria” as a Pre-Modern Gendered Text. MA thesis, University of Alberta (Canada), 2014. Fruoco, Jonathan. Évolution narrative et polyphonie littéraire dans l’oeuvre de Geoffrey Chaucer [Narrative

Evolution and Literary Polyphony in the Work of Geoffrey Chaucer]. Doctoral thesis, Université de Grenoble–Stendahl (France), 2014. In French. Gadberry, Andrea Lauren. “According to My Bond”: Intimacy and Attachment in Early Modernity. PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley (USA), 2014. García Puente, María. Érase de nuevo una princesa: Las reescrituras feministas de cuentos de hadas de la españa del tercer milenio [Once Again a Princess: The Feminist Rewriting of Fairy Tales from the Spain of the Third Millennium]. PhD dissertation, University of Kansas (USA), 2014. In Spanish. Garrido, Paula G. Las formas de lo irreal en la cuentística de seis escritoras argentinas contemporáneas: Luisa Axpe, Liliana Díaz Mindurry, Fernanda García Curten, Paola Kaufmann, Mariana Enríquez y Samanta Schweblin [The Forms of the Unreal in the Storytelling of Six Contemporary Argentine Writers: Luisa Axpe, Liliana Díaz Mindurry, Fernanda García Curten, Paola Kaufmann, Mariana Enríquez, and Samanta Schweblin]. PhD dissertation, University of Cincinnati (USA), 2014. In Spanish. Goldfarb, Sarah Anne Stubaus. States of Dispossession: Violence, Property, and the Subject in American Literary Regionalism from 1880–1900. PhD dissertation, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey–New Brunswick (USA), 2014. Gonzales, Oscar. Apocalipsis, profecía y subversión de la historia en Vargas Llosa, Rulfo, García Márquez y Garro [Revelation, Prophecy and Subversion of History in Vargas Llosa, Rulfo, García Márquez, and Garro]. PhD dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park (USA), 2014. In Spanish. Gonzáez, Jesús Angel. El arquetipo del narco mexicano en la novela, el cine, y la música [The Archetype of the Mexican Narco in the Novel, Cinema, and Music]. MA thesis, University of North Texas (USA), 2014. In Spanish. Granic-White, Maria. The Ludic Drive and the Victorian Novel. PhD dissertation, Purdue University (USA), 2014. Grimaldi, Adriana. The Dialogical Element in Machiavelli’s Works. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2014. Grossman, Joanna Rebecah. Shakespeare Grounded: Ecocritical Approaches to Shakespearean Drama. PhD dissertation, Harvard University (USA), 2014. Guistini, Sean Robert. Writing with Scissors and Arranging Skin: Worlds of Woe and Happiness in the Child Welfare Scrapbooks of John Joseph (J.J.) Kelso, 1893–1894 Ontario. PhD dissertation, York University (Canada), 2014. Hamby, Anne Marie. Tell Me about Your Experience: How Consumer Narratives Persuade. PhD dissertation,

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (USA), 2014. Hanukai, Maksim. Pushkin’s Tragic Visions, 1824–1830. PhD dissertation, Columbia University (USA), 2014. Harriss, John-Michael. The Methodology of a First Novel: The Telephone Game. MA thesis, State University of New York, Empire State College (USA), 2014. Hauge, June Røys. “Dette dulde draget av mor”: Det moderlege i den lyriske forfattarskapen til Tor Jonsson [“This hid from the mother”: The Mother-in-Law in the Lyrical Writing of Tor Jonsson]. MA thesis, University of Bergen (Norway), 2014. In Norwegian. Hauknes, Marius B. The Image of the World in Thirteenth-Century Rome. PhD dissertation, Princeton University (USA), 2014. Higgs, Christopher. Between Experimentation and Tradition: Two Visions of American Identity. PhD dissertation, Florida State University (USA), 2014. Holt, Maria Cecilia. From the River: Jesuit Missions and Exemplarity in Spanish Colonial Philippines, 1581–1768. Doctorate of Theology dissertation, Harvard Divinity School (USA), 2014. Huangxiu, Guo. Challenging Progress. PhD dissertation, Fudan University (China), 2014. In Chinese. Hughes, Jacob Alden. Shakespeare’s Chaucerian Entertainers. PhD dissertation, Washington State University (USA), 2014. Hughes, Jacob Alexander. Spontaneous Overflow: Internalization and Excess in British Romanticism.” PhD dissertation, Pennsylvania State University (USA), 2014. Hukku, Sanjay P. Plotting Sex: Pornography’s Performatistic Screen. PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley (USA), 2014. Jayanthi, R. Emerging from the Chrysalis: Women Characters in Sidney Sheldon’s Novel. PhD dissertation, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (India), 2014. Jian-Min, Jheng. By the Name of Poetry, Construct the Beautiful Existing Space—Research of Jen-Hsiu Hsu Eco-Photography Kid’s Poetry. MA thesis, Nanhua University (Taiwan), 2014. In Chinese. Johnson, Paul. Sentimental Geographies: Cervantes and the Cultural Politics of Affect in the Early Modern Mediterranean. PhD dissertation, University of California, Irvine (USA), 2014. Jones, Emily Griffiths. Romance, Narrative Vision, and Elect Community in Seventeenth-Century England. PhD dissertation, Boston University (USA), 2014. Jowett, S.D. No Quiet Revolution: Studies in the Sonic History of Montréal, 1965–1975. PhD dissertation, Queen’s University (Canada), 2014. Kale, Dnyandeo Salu. Archetypes of Subordination and Resistance in the Select Novels in English. PhD dissertation, Shivaji University (India), 2014.

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Kelley, Elizabeth Anne. Translating the Arab World: Contingent Commensuration, Publishing, and the Shaping of a Global Commodity. PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley (USA), 2014. Kannambal, M. Emergence of the Protagonists as Intellectual Survivors in Saul Bellow’s Novels. PhD dissertation, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University (India), 2014. Khan, Abdul Alim. Violence in the Novels of George Orwell. PhD dissertation, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University (India), 2014. Khatun, Mosstt Shahinoor. Jibran Khalil Jibran as a Philosopher: A Study with Special Reference to Al-Nabi. PhD dissertation, Assam University (India), 2014. Kim, John Hyong. The Poetics of Diagram. PhD dissertation, Harvard University (USA), 2014. Koefoed, Jonathan G. Cautious Romantics: Trinitarian Transcendentalists and the Emergence of a Conservative Religious Tradition in America. PhD dissertation, Boston University (USA), 2014. Kroupová, Pavlína. Narativy křížových výprav v českých středoškolských učebnicích dějepisu 20. Století [Narratives of the Crusades in Czech High School History Textbooks Published during the 20th Century]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2014. In Czech. Krueger, Benjamin Charles. A Dissident Blue Blood: Reverend William Sloane Coffin and the Vietnam Antiwar Movement. PhD dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park (USA), 2014. Kučerová, Magdalena. Mýtus o Narcisovi ve francouzské literatuře přelomu 19. a 20. Století [Myth of Narcissus in French Literature at the Turn of the 20th Century]. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2014. In Czech. Kuveler, Jan. Forever Young: Youth, Modernism, and the Deferral of Maturity. PhD dissertation, Columbia University (USA), 2014. Landrum, Douglas Blake. Jonathan Edward’s Exegetical Reflections of Genesis: A Puritan Literal Hermeneutic? PhD dissertation, Mid-America Baptist Theological Seminary (USA), 2014. Laner, Barbara. Cinematic Cannibalism: Instances of Media Cannibalism in Film History. PhD dissertation, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck (Austria), 2014. Lee, Janet Yoon-sun. Reinterpreting “Lovesickness” in Late Chosŏn Literature. PhD dissertation, University of California at Los Angeles (USA), 2014. Lee, Seung-Ah. Conception of the Hero in Korean Popular Fiction of Late Choson Period. PhD dissertation, University of California at Los Angeles (USA), 2014. Leporati, Matthew. Romantic-Era Epic Poetry and the Mission of Empire. PhD dissertation, Fordham University (USA), 2014.

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Letzler, David. Reading Cruft: A Cognitive Approach to the Mega-Novel. PhD dissertation, City University of New York (USA), 2014. Li, Xing. Exploring Archetypal Images in A.S. Byatt’s “Possession” from the Perspective of Northrop Frye’s Theory. MA thesis, Xi’an International Studies University (China), 2014. In Chinese. Li, Xuefei. A Magnificent Metaphor: An Analysis of the “Life of Pi” Archetype. MA thesis, Wuhan University of Technology (China), 2014. Licitra, Fabio. Carlos Martí Arís e i suoi eteronimi: Vocazione all’anonimo [Carlos Martí Arís and His Heteronyms: Vocation to the Anonymous]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (Spain), 2014. In Italian. Lindskog, Katja Elisabeth. Active Distance: British Nineteenth-Century Literature and Images of the Past. PhD dissertation, Columbia University (USA), 2014. Lopez-Abadia Laya, Anamaria. La tentación del abismo en armonía Somers: Entre el expresionismo de vanguardia y el gótico postmoderno [The Temptation of the Abyss in Harmony Somers: Between the Avant-garde Expressionism and the Postmodern Gothic]. PhD dissertation, Florida International University (USA), 2014. In Spanish. Lotz, Jason. Against Babel: A Comparative Model of Tragedy. PhD dissertation, Purdue University (USA), 2014. Lyons-Sedgwick, Liscinda. Afrocentric Historiography. MA thesis, California State University Dominguez Hills (USA), 2014. McDonnell, Lawrence Thomas. Politics, Chess, Hats: The Microhistory of Disunion in Charleston, South Carolina. PhD dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (USA), 2014. McShane, Kara L. In the Words of Others: Exotic Documents and Vernacular Anxieties in Medieval England. PhD dissertation, University of Rochester (USA), 2014. McVey, Christopher. Syncretic Cosmopolitanisms: Historiography, Nation, and Global Citizenship in Twentieth-Century Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin–Madison (USA), 2014. Malarvizhi, K. Pro-Feminism in the Novels of Atwood. PhD dissertation, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University (India), 2014. Martell, Jessica L. “In formlessness and appetite”: Modernist Form and Imperial Food Politics, 1890–1922. PhD dissertation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA), 2014. Merchant, Jamie Ford. The Column as Form: Toward a Discourse Theory of the Modern Age. PhD dissertation, Northwestern University (USA), 2014. Meyer, Liam J. To Rise and Not to Fall: Representing Social Mobility in Early Modern Comedy and Star Chamber Litigation. PhD dissertation, Boston University (USA), 2014.

Minsloff, Sarah. Losing the Margin: Poetry and Poetic Form in the Victorian Novel. PhD dissertation, Columbia University (USA), 2014. Misiewicz, John. Re-Grounding Identity in “A Midsummer Night’s Dream.” MA thesis, University of West Florida (USA), 2014. Mitchell, Kevin Michael. The Transcendental Turn: Kant’s Critical Philosophy, Contemporary Theory, and Popular Culture. PhD dissertation, Trent University (Canada), 2014. Mittersteiner, Peter. English Drama for Classroom Use: Openings—Theory and Select Plays. Diplomarbeit, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz (Austria), 2014. Mok, Lucille Yehan. Glenn Gould, Oscar Peterson, and New World Virtuosities. PhD dissertation, Harvard University (USA), 2014. Moore, Kellia. Jane Austen’s Persuasion and Wentworth’s Unconscious Constancy and “nay, mama, if he is not to be animated by cowper!”: Jane Austen, William Cowper, and Marianne Dashwood’s Evocative Sensibility. MA thesis, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (USA), 2014. Moraw, Martin. The Revenger and the Sovereign: Walter Benjamin’s Theory of Trauerspiel and Early Modern Revenge Tragedy. PhD dissertation, Brandeis University (USA), 2014. Morgan, Alicia Valere. “Every Child in Our World Will Know His Name!”: Malcolm Gladwell’s Theories as an Explanation for the Cultural Phenomenon of “Harry Potter.” MA thesis, Liberty University (USA), 2014. Mueller, Geisa. O romanesco como estrutura basilar do construto literário de José de Alencar [The Romanesque as the Basic Structure of the Literary Construct of José de Alencar]. MA thesis, Universidade Federal do Paraná (Brazil), 2014. In Portuguese. Mulholland, Monica. “El Retrato de la Lozana andaluza”: A Portrait of Transgression [The Portrait of the Andalusian Lozano: A Portrait of Transgression]. PhD dissertation, Catholic University of America (USA), 2014. Müller, Karel. Narace jako princip individuace [Narration as a Principle of Individuation]. BA thesis, Charles University, Protestant Theological Faculty (Czech Republic), 2013. In Czech. Mullins, Katherine Louise. Subjectivity and Embodied Experiences of Time in Contemporary English-Canadian Fiction and Film. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2014. Navi, Km. Fantasy as a Reinforcement of Life: A Study of the Novels of J.K. Rowling. PhD dissertation, Chaudhary Charan Singh University (India), 2014. Nelson, Anthodesmi Fleur. Anxiety in the Process of Individuation. An In-Depth Psychological Study. PhD dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute (USA), 2014.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Nelson, Cassandra Maria. Age of Miracles: Religion and Screen Media in Postwar American Fiction. PhD dissertation, Harvard University (USA), 2014. Neves Dias Duarte Santos, Gonçalo Jorge. Une poétique de la déflation chez Fernando Assis Pacheco et Adília Lopes [A Poetics of Deflation: Fernando Assis Pacheco and Adília Lopes]. Doctoral thesis, Université Paris-Sorbonne (France), 2014. In French. Níng jìng. “Mimesis” in Frye’s “Anatomy of Criticism.” MA thesis, Minnan Normal University (China), 2014. Oss-Cech Chiacchia, Maria. The Music in Garcilaso de la Vega’s Poetry and His Poetry in Music: A Musico-Poetic Interchange between Sixteenth-Century Spain and Italy. PhD dissertation, University of Calgary (Canada), 2014. Ouzts, Walter. Utilitarianism and Utopia: Bentham, Mill, and Huxley. MA thesis, California State University, Dominguez Hills (USA), 2014. Pace, Sheba N. Identity and Race in Multiracial African American Postreconstruction and Post-Civil Rights Autobiographies. PhD dissertation, Morgan State University (USA), 2014. Pantoja, Jennifer Metten. The Metaphor of the Divine as Planter of the People in the Hebrew Bible. PhD dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles (USA), 2014. Parisien, Julie Anne Rona. Understanding Difficulty: Reader Response and Cognition across Genres. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2014. Parks, Justin Michael. Extending the Document: American Poetry and the Cultural Politics of Depression Documentary. PhD dissertation, State University of New York at Buffalo (USA), 2014. Patil, Girish S. Mystical Element in William Blake and Sri Aurobindo Ghosh: A Study. PhD dissertation, Karnatak University (India), 2014. Patton, Matthew H. Hope for a Tender Sprig: Jehoiachin in Biblical Theology. PhD dissertation, Wheaton College (USA), 2014. Persson, Karl Arthur Erik. Job, Ecclesiastes, and the Mechanics of Wisdom in Old English Poetry. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2014. Peterson, John. Intentional Actions: A Theory of Musical Agency. PhD dissertation, Florida State University (USA), 2014. Petříková, Linda. Against Adaptation: Toward Transdisciplinarity and Minor Cinema. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2014. Pfützenreuter, Filipe Marchioro. Entre o utilitário-pedagógico e o poético-emancipatório: O diabo dos irmãos Grimm e suas projeções sobre [Between the Utilitarian-Pedagogical and the Poetic-Emancipatory: The Devil of the Brothers Grimm and His Projections]. PhD dissertation, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (Brazil), 2014. In Portuguese.

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Pitas, Jeannine Marie. Against Ulro: On the Creation of Poetic Space in the Work of Delmira Agustini, Alejandra Pizarnik and Marosa di Giorgio. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2014. Portier, Christine A. Layered Reading through Literary Narrative Structures. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2014. Puig Punyet, Enric. Génesis y legitimación del pensamiento histórico [Genesis and Legitimation of Historical Thought]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain), 2014. In Spanish. Qian, Yu. Writing Belief: Religious Elements in Marilynne Robinson’s Fiction. PhD dissertation, Nankai University (China), 2014. In Chinese. Raese, Matthew Warren. The Contemporary Encyclopedic Novel. PhD dissertation, University of Tennessee–Knoxville (USA), 2014. Reblin, Filipe. Contos com monstros: Aspectos da identidade e da fantasia em contos do escritor contemporâneo António Vieira [Tales with Monsters: Aspects of Identity and Fantasy in Short Stories by the Contemporary Writer António Vieira]. PhD dissertation, Universidade Federal do Paraná (Brazil), 2014. In Portuguese. Reiniche, Ruth. Sign Language: Flannery O’Connor’s Pictorial Text. PhD dissertation, University of Arizona (USA), 2014. Restrepo, Christian. Robert Muczynski’s First Piano Trio, Opus 24: A Narrative Analysis. PhD dissertation, University of Houston (USA), 2014. Rhone, Zachary Andrew. Mythopoeia: The Unified Worldview of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, G.K. Chesterton, and George MacDonald. PhD dissertation, Indiana University of Pennsylvania (USA), 2014. Rispoli, Stephanie Adair. Anatomy, Vitality, and the Romantic Body: Blake, Coleridge, and the Hunter Circle, 1750–1840. PhD dissertation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA), 2014. Robinson, Clifford. The Longest Transference: Self-Consolation and Politics in Latin Philosophical Literature. PhD dissertation, Duke University (USA), 2014. Rojas, Felipe Esteban. “Hemos visto un mal tan fiero” [“We have seen such a fierce evil”]: The Figure of Ganymede in the Theatre of the Spanish Golden Age. PhD dissertation, University of Chicago (USA), 2014. Saladino, Caitlin J. Long May She Reign: A Rhetorical Analysis of Gender Expectations in Disney’s “Tangled” and Disney/Pixar’s “Brave.” MA thesis, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (USA), 2014. Sankla, Mahavir Raykumar. Dystopian Projection in the Select Novels of John Brunner and J.G. Ballard. PhD dissertation, Shivaji University (India), 2014. Savett, Susan Mallard. Games as Theater for Soul: An Archetypal Psychology Perspective of Virtual Games.

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The Reception of Northrop Frye

PhD dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute (USA), 2014. Savic-Trickovic, Stefan. The Representation of Nature in J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings. MA thesis, University of Graz (Austria), 2014. Savitz, Michael Jan. Anxiety in Whitman’s 1855 “Leaves of Grass.” PhD dissertation, University of Chicago (USA), 2014. Schaefer, Sarah C. From Sacred to Spectacular: Gustave Doré’s Biblical Imagery. PhD dissertation, Columbia University (USA), 2014. Scotch, Henry Robert. Oceanic America: A Literary Geography, 1844–1930. PhD dissertation, University of Chicago (USA), 2014. Sebastian, Amstrong. Kamala Das: The Ecofeminist Pioneer of Kerala. PhD dissertation, Mahatma Gandhi University (India), 2014. Sepulveda Rodriguez, Enid. Virgins, Whores, and Madwomen of Guaidia: A Collection of Cuentos and an Interdisciplinary Contextualizing Essay. PhD dissertation, Union Institute and University (USA), 2014. Shih, Chia-ying. The Transformation of Satire: Satirical Fiction in Wartime Chongqing (1937–1945). PhD dissertation, University of Washington (USA), 2014. Shores, Matthew W. A Critical Study of Kamigata Rakugo and Its Traditions. PhD dissertation, University of Hawai’i at Manoa (USA), 2014. Singh, Satyendra Kumar. The Sublime and Indian English Poetry. PhD dissertation, Jawaharlal Nehru University (India), 2014. Slavin, Marc. The Role of Metaphor in Imaginal Psychology. PhD dissertation, California Institute of Integral Studies (USA), 2014. Sotta, Cleomar Pinheiro. Das letras às telas: A tradução intersemiótica de Ensaio sobre a cegueira [From the Letters to the Canvases: The Intersemiotic Translation of Essay on Blindness]. MA thesis, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” (Brazil), 2014. In Portuguese. Souza, Renata Pires de. Armageddon Has Only Begun: The Ustopian [sic] Imagination in Margaret Atwood’s “Oryx and Crake.” MA thesis, Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), 2014. Stang, Heather A. “Between Consciousness and Cosmos”: Quantum Thought, Postmodernist Poetics, and Italo Calvino’s “Cosmicomics.” MA thesis, Georgetown University (USA), 2014. Stenhouse, Brent Taylor. Shakespeare Sings: A Study of Shakespeare’s Use of Song in “Twelfth Night” and “King Lear.” MA thesis, California State University, Dominguez Hills (USA), 2014. Strohman, Anne-Marie Kathleen. “A more natural mother”: Concepts of Maternity and Queenship in Early

Modern England. PhD dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst (USA), 2014. Suganya, S. Dependency to Independency: A Post Colonial Study of Women Characters in Anita Nair’s Novels. PhD dissertation, Bharathiar University (India), 2014. Sumitha, V. Novels of Bapsi Sidhwa: A Cultural Study. PhD dissertation, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University (India), 2014. Summers, Stephen J. Laughter Shared or the Games Poets Play: The Ethics and Aesthetics of Irony in Postwar American Poetry. PhD dissertation, University of Oregon (USA), 2014. Suryavanshi Varsha Waman Rao. Assertion of the Female Self in the Selected Plays of Rabindranath Tagore. PhD dissertation, Shri Jagdishprasad Jhabarmal Tibrewala University (India), 2014. Szabó, Györgyi. Évolution des systèmes complexes: Une étude des travaux philosophiques d’Ervin Laszlo, de la théorie des systèmes à la théorie d’un champ universel d’information [Evolution of Complex Systems: A Study of Ervin Laszlo’s Philosophical Works, from Theory of Systems to the Theory of a Universal Field of Information]. PhD dissertation, École doctorale Sciences humaines et sociales: Cultures, individus, sociétés (France), 2014. In French. Teixeira, Gismair Martins. O rizoma bíblico-literário [The Biblical-Literary Rhizome]. PhD dissertation, Universidade Federal de Goiás (Brazil), 2014. In Portuguese. Theriault, Scott C. “The Body and the Earth”: Rhetoric and Ideology in the Essays of John Muir and Wendell Berry. MA thesis, North Carolina Central University (USA), 2014. Tian, Xi. Uncertain Satire in Modern Chinese Fiction and Drama: 1930–1949. PhD dissertation, University of California, Riverside (USA), 2014. Tucker, Trisha. Believing in Novels: Evangelical Narratives and Nineteenth-Century British Culture. PhD dissertation, University of Southern California (USA), 2014. Valvo, Nicholas. Penurious Payments: Debt, Dependence, and Communal Form in Eighteenth-Century Britain. PhD dissertation, University of California, Davis (USA), 2014. Van Wert Kosalka, Michelle. “Tales” of Text and Culture: Tropes of Imperialism, Women’s Roles, Technologies of Representation, and Collaborative Meaning-Making in Rita Golden Gelman’s “Tales of a Female Nomad,” “Female Nomad and Friends,” and Personal Website. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee (USA), 2014. Vichnar, David. The Avant-Postman: James Joyce, the Avant-Garde, and Postmodernism. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2014. Vijayalakshmi, A. Self-Recuperation in the Select Novels of Gloria Naylor. PhD dissertation, Bharathiar University (India), 2014.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Vivier, Eric D. Controversial Discourse: Early Modern English Satire, 1588-1601. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin–Madison (USA), 2014. Vlašković, Biljana. Istorija u dramskom stvaralaštvu Džordža Bernarda Šoa: Kontekst, tekst i metatekst [History in George Bernard Shaw’s Dramatic Works: Context, Text, and Metatext]. PhD dissertation, University of Kragujevac (Serbia), 2014. In Croatian. Wall, Jennifer Kingma. Multiliteracies and New Literacies in an Age of Accountability: High School English Teachers’ Perspectives on Using Multiliteracies and New Literacies Frameworks in the Classroom. Ed.D. dissertation, Teachers College, Columbia University (USA), 2014. Wallen, James Ramsey. Beyond Completion: Towards a Genealogy of Unfinishable Novels. PhD dissertation, University of California, Santa Cruz (USA), 2014. Wang, Kaiguo. Frye’s Theory of Cultural Criticism. MA thesis, Chongqing Normal University (China), 2014. In Chinese. Wang, Xue. “Axis Mundi”: The Central Archetype of Northrop Frye’s System of Literary Criticism. PhD dissertation, Northeast Normal University (China), 2014. In Chinese. Webschek, Barbara. A Right to Belong—The Representation of Metis Women’s Struggle for Identity in Canadian Literature. Diplomarbeit thesis, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz (Austria), 2014. Wey, Rebecca. Fiction and Necessity: Literary Interventions in the Drug War. MA thesis, University of Arizona (USA), 2014. Wiedenfeld, Grant Joseph. Elastic Esthetics: A Comparative Media Approach to Modernist Literature and Cinema. PhD dissertation, Yale University (USA), 2014. Williams, Kayleigh. The Influences on John Keats: Hellenism, Milton and Shakespeare. BA thesis, University of Malta (Malta), 2014. Wilson, Paul Wayne, II. Collective Traumatic Memory and its Theatrical Models: Case Studies in Elie Wiesel and Aeschylus. PhD dissertation, University of Pittsburgh (USA), 2014. Wilt, Brian David. “Geofon Deaðe Hweop”: Poetic Sea Imagery as Anglo-Saxon Cultural Archetype. MA thesis, Truman State University (USA), 2014. Wiktorowska, Aleksandra. Ryszard Kapuściński: Visión integradora de un reportero. Clasificación, construcción y recepción de su obra [Ryszard Kapuściński: Integrative Vision of a Reporter: Classification, Construction and Reception of His Work]. PhD dissertation, Universitat de Barcelona (Spain), 2014. In Spanish. Winant, Johanna Celia. The Poetics of Explanation in Modern American Poetry. PhD dissertation, University of Chicago (USA), 2014.

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Wong, Wang-chi. “Gulliver’s Travels”: How to Satirize: A Case Study of One Chinese Translation of “Gulliver’s Travels” in Late Qing. M.Phil. thesis, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 2014. In Chinese. Woodring, Benjamin Michael. “Oft Have I Heard of Sanctuary Men”: Fictions of Refuge in Early Shakespeare. PhD dissertation, Harvard University (USA), 2014. Xing, Li. Exploring Archetypal Images in [A.S. Byatt’s] “Possession”—from the Perspective of Northrop Frye’s Theory. MA thesis, Xi’an Foreign Studies University (China), 2014. In Chinese. Xu, Nianyan. Henry Fleming’s Journey as a Hero. MA thesis, Jilin University (China), 2014. In Chinese. York, Rachel Alice. Re-connecting with Nature: Transformative Environmental Education through the Arts. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2014. Youngblood, Stephanie. Self-Involved Subjects: Testimony and Crisis in Contemporary American Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin–Madison (USA), 2014. Yuzwa, Zachary John. How to Read the Saints: A Poetics of Exemplarity in Sulpicius Severus’ “Gallus.” PhD dissertation, Cornell University (USA), 2014. Zagoda, Tomislav. Humour in Slovenian, Bosnian and Herzegovinian and Croatian Novel in the Period of Transition. PhD dissertation, Filozofski fakultet u Zagrebu (Croatia), 2014. Zankowicz, Katherine. In Her Hands: Women’s Educational Work at the Royal Ontario Museum, the Canadian National Exhibition and the Art Gallery of Toronto, 1900s–1950s. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2014. Zhen, Chen. A Study of Hardy’s Novels from the Perspective of Folklore. PhD dissertation, Shaanxi Normal University (China), 2014. In Chinese. Zhu, Sha. The Influence of Anthropology on Frye’s Literary Theory. MA thesis, Hunan University of Science and Technology (China), 2014. In Chinese. Zogas, Peter. Writing Contingent Histories: Temporality and the Construction of Progress in Nineteenth-Century American Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Rochester (USA), 2014. 2015 Abeillé, Constanza Alicia. Un análisis de sociología de la cultura: Manchester sound, factory records y joy division [An Analysis of the Sociology of Culture: Manchester Sound, Factory Records, and Joy Division]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain), 2015. In Spanish Ambroziak, Kimberly. The Mystification of Christian Salvation: On the Anxiety of Redemption in Renaissance

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Poetry and Drama. PhD dissertation, City University of New York (USA), 2015. Andres Montoya Arango, Jaime. Mitologías de la publicidadun análisis semiótico del mito publicitario [Mythologies of Publicity in Semiotic Analysis of Advertising Myth.] PhD dissertation, Universidad de Granada (Spain), 2015. In Spanish. Andrievskikh, Natalia. Transgressive Storytelling and the Erotics of Consumption in Contemporary British Literature. PhD dissertation, Binghamton University, State University of New York (USA), 2015. Arellano Serratos, Jose Francisco. Teoría de la narración en los ensayos de Juan José Saer: La novela latinoamericana, 1960–2000 [Theory of Narration in the Essays of Juan José Saer: The Latin American Novel, 1960–2000]. PhD dissertation, Arizona State University (USA), 2015. In Spanish. Arnott, Luke. Narrative Epic and New Media: The Totalizing Spaces of Postmodernity in The Wire, Batman, and The Legend of Zelda. PhD dissertation, University of Western Ontario (Canada), 2015. Auger, Christine. Representations of Gatsby: Ninety Years of Retrospective. PhD dissertation, University of South Florida (USA), 2015. Azevedo, Natanael Duarte de. Trajetórias pornográficas: O Riso pronto para o ataque, uma história dos jornais eróticos brasileiros [Pornographic Trajectories: La Riso Ready for the Attack; A History of Brazilian Erotic Newspapers]. PhD dissertation, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (Brazil), 2015. In Portuguese. Babiak, Paul Michael Walter. Knockabout and Slapstick: Violence and Laughter in Nineteenth-Century Popular Theatre and Early Film. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2015. Baez, Graciela Maria. Las diosas de América: Concealed Symbols of the Great Mother in Latin American Literature. PhD dissertation, New York University (USA), 2015. Bagunyà Costes, Borja. Restitucions de l’experiència en la narrativa metaficcional angloamericana (1955–1973) [Restitutions of Experience in Anglo-American Metaficational Narrative (1955–1973)]. PhD dissertation, Universitat de Barcelona (Spain), 2015. In Catalan. Bai, Dongxu. A Study of Northrop Frye’s Mythological Criticism. MA thesis, Heilongjiang University (China), 2015. Bančević Pejović, Ivana. Odbrana kreativnosti: Vilijam Blejk u savremenoj književnoj kritici, pedagogiji i umetnosti [A Defence of Creativity: William Blake in Contemporary Criticism, Pedagogy, and Art]. PhD dissertation, University of Kragujevac (Serbia), 2015. In Bosnian. Barry, David. Unencumbered by History: Identity, Modernity, and the Holocaust in Guenter Grass’s “Die Blechtrommel” and Christa Wolf’s “Kindheitsmuster.” PhD

dissertation, University of California at Los Angeles (USA), 2015. Batista, Eliane. Do homo viator ao homo regressus: a (mito) poética do retorno em Tutaméia (Terceiras estórias), de João Guimarães Rosa [A Traveller Returning from. . . . : Poetic (Myth), Poetic Return in Tutaméia (Teres Estórias), by João Guimarães Rosa]. PhD dissertation, Universidade Estadual de Londrina (Brazil), 2015. In Portuguese. Becerril Longares, Maria Elena. Viajeros españoles a Rusia: Cartografía de una ilusión, 1917–1939 [Spanish Travelers in Russia: Cartography of the Illusions, 1917–1939]. PhD dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park (USA), 2015. In Spanish. Bednáriková, Martina. Self-made Rebel or Exploited Instrument? Sitting Bull’s Paradoxical Role in Native American Cultural History, 1877–1890 = Selbstbestimmter Rebell oder ausgebeutetes Machtinstrument? Diplomarbeit, Karl Franzens University of Graz (Austria), 2015. Bellorín Briceño, Brenda V. De lo universal a lo global: Nuevas formas del folklore en los álbumes para niños [From the Universal to the Global: New Forms of Folklore in Children’s Albums]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain), 2015. In Spanish. Berwick, Sheena. Writing Beauty: John Ruskin’s Vision of Neural Imagination in the Works of Nathaniel Hawthorne and George Eliot. PhD dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara (USA), 2015. Black, Megan. The Global Interior: Imagining and Extracting Minerals in the Postwar Expansion of American Capitalism. PhD dissertation, George Washington University (USA), 2015. Bláhová, Šárka. Estetika Virginie Woolfové [Aesthetics of Virginia Woolf]. Bachelor’s thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2015. In Czech. Blanton, Raymond L. In(di)visible Dream: Rhetoric, Myth, and the Road in America. PhD dissertation, University of Nebraska–Lincoln (USA), 2015. Bolt, Barbara. Of Wilderness, Forest, and Garden: An Eco-Theory of Genre in Middle English Literature. PhD dissertation, University of South Carolina (USA), 2015. Borkent, Michael. Cognitive Ecology & Visual Poetry: Toward a Multimodal Cognitive Poetics. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2015. Brown, Andrew. Utopia as Heresy: Hope, Possibility, and the Cultural Imaginary. M.S. thesis, Arizona State University (USA), 2015. Brown, Linda Dorothy. Elegit Domum sibi Placabilem: Choice and the Twelfth-Century Religious Woman. PhD dissertation, University of Missouri–Kansas City (USA), 2015. Buchanan, David A. Rotten Symbol Mongering: Scapegoating in Post-9/11 American War Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Denver (USA), 2015.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Bureš, Jiří. Král Saul [King Saul]. BA thesis, Charles University. Hussite Theological Faculty (Czech Republic), 2015. In Czech. Burke, Rupalee. Hopkins and Eliot: A Study of Spiritual and Aesthetic Differentiation. PhD dissertation, Gujarat University (India), 2015. Burns, Daniel Warren. Exceptional Scale: Metafiction and the Maximalist Tradition in Contemporary American Literary History. PhD dissertation, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (USA), 2015. Butnaru, Mirela. Confluencias de los géneros literarios en la literatura centroamericana: Testimonio, novela y narrativas del yo [Confluences of Literary Genres in Central American Literature: Testimony, Novel, and Narratives of the Self]. PhD dissertation, University of Cincinnati (USA), 2015. In Spanish. Camp, Robert Quillen. The Spyglass of the Demon Optician: Uncanny Perception in the Drama of Maeterlinck and Strindberg. PhD dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara (USA), 2015. Capilla García, Juan Pablo. El debate epistemológico en el periodismo informativo: Realidad y verdad en la información [The Epistemological Debate in Informative Journalism: Reality and Truth in Information]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Ramon Llull (Spain), 2015. In Spanish. Cardenas, Joel. Sir Gawain: The Most Complex and Enduring Knight of Arthur’s Round Table. MA thesis, University of Nebraska–Kearney (USA), 2015. Carleton, Chantal. The Distance between the Notes: The Journey from Text to Music in American Epiphanic Poetry. PhD dissertation, Indiana University (USA), 2015. Casey-Williams, Erin V. The Queen’s Three Bodies: Representations of Female Sovereignty in Early Modern Women’s Writing, 1588–1688. PhD dissertation, State University of New York at Albany (USA), 2015. Cassidy-Heacock, Tyler K. The Sung Self of Syllables: Interpretive Paradigms for Contemporary Vocal Music Shown in Compositions by Leroux, Chin, Lim, and Furrer. PhD dissertation, University of Rochester (USA), 2015. Catchings, Elizabeth M. Composing (In)commensurable Publics: Dual Sponsorship and Askēsis in the Writings of Detained Youth. PhD dissertation, University of California, Irvine (USA), 2015. Cetraro Luna, Elvira. Desplazamiento irónico de la iniciación, de la acción y de las parábolas de Jesucristo en Habitó entre nosotros de José Watanabe [Ironic Displacement of the Initiation, Action and Parables of Jesus Christ in Habitus among Us by José Watanabe]. MA thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (Peru), 2015. In Spanish. Chambers, Joy. Aaron Siskind’s Transition to Abstract Photography: 1940–43, Martha’s Vineyard. Doctor of Liberal

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Studies dissertation, Georgetown University (USA), 2015. Chappell, Brian. Figures of Authorship in the Contemporary American Expansive Novel. PhD dissertation, Catholic University of America (USA), 2015. Chichester, Christine. Samwise Gamgee: Beauty, Truth, and Heroism in J.R.R. Tolkien’s “The Lord of the Rings.” MA thesis, Liberty University (USA), 2015. Chow, Juliana Hui-xin. Literature of Diminishment: American Regionalism and the Writing of Nature. PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley (USA), 2015. Clement, William. Anarchic Wills: De Factoism and Its Discontents in Shakespeare and Milton. PhD dissertation, University of South Carolina (USA), 2015. Cochrum, Alan. “Becomes a woman best”: Female Prophetic Figures in Shakespeare’s Plays. PhD dissertation, University of Texas–Arlington (USA), 2015. Conchillo Martínez, Carlos Antonio. El alma es el espejo de la cara. (De Kafka y el judaísmo) [The Soul Is the Mirror of the Face. (From Kafka and Judaism)]. PhD dissertation, Universidad de Murcia (Spain), 2015. In Spanish. Coody, Elizabeth Rae. Imagining the Scandal of the Cross with Graphic/Novel Reading. PhD dissertation, University of Denver (USA), 2015. Cormier, Matthew. Ulyssean Traces in Postmodem Canadian Epics: Timothy Findley’s “The Wars” and France Daigle’s “Pour sûr.” PhD dissertation, Université de Moncton (Canada), 2015. Cornes, Saskia C.C. Literature of Landscape: The Enclosure Movement in the Seventeenth Century English Imagination. PhD dissertation, Columbia University (USA), 2015. Cosby, Charles Carlyle III. Indo-Tibetan Buddhist Perspectives on William Blake’s “Songs of Innocence and of Experience.” PhD dissertation, California Institute for Integral Studies (USA), 2015. Cummings, Tracy. A Call to Act: Witness, Testimony, and Political Renewal in Shakespeare’s Plays. PhD dissertation, University of California, Irvine (USA), 2015. Darcy, Ailbhe. Lyric Strategies for the Secular Republic: Poetry and Religion in the New Ireland. PhD dissertation, University of Notre Dame (USA), 2015. Dauber, Maayan Paula. The Pathos of Modernism: Henry James, Gertrude Stein, and Virginia Woolf (with a Coda on J.M. Coetzee). PhD dissertation, Princeton University (USA), 2015. Davis, Sarah Elizabeth. A New Model for Reading Adaptation: The Textus, in a Case Study of Adaptation of “The Great Gatsby.” PhD dissertation, Indiana University of Pennsylvania (USA), 2015. DenOuden, Jeremy. “Great nature, refuge of the weary heart”: A Regional and Literary Exploration of the Early

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The Reception of Northrop Frye

Grove Plays of the Bohemian Club. MA thesis, San José State University (USA), 2015. Derdeyn, LeeAnn. Blindsighted: Alienation and Affirmation in Treatments of Catholicism: The Apophatic and the Kataphatic in T. S. Eliot. PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Dallas (USA), 2015. Desai, Noor. Unruly Lines: Poetic Measure and Dramatic Convention in Early Modern England. PhD dissertation, Cornell University (USA), 2015. Di Leo, Louis. Blackletter: Fiction and a Wall of Precedent. PhD dissertation, Southern Mississippi University (USA), 2015. Dong, Xue. A Study of Heidegger’s Thought of Formal Indication. PhD dissertation, Jilin University (China). In Chinese, 2015. Dongxu, Bai. A Study of Northrop Frye’s Myth Criticism. MA thesis, Heilongjiang University (China), 2015. In Chinese. Dynda, Jiří. Byliny o bohatýru Svjatogorovi: Strukturální a komparativní analýza narativu [Byliny of Bogatyr Svyatogor: Structural and Comparative Analysis of Narrative]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2015. In Czech. Eicher, John Phillip Robb. Now Too Much for Us: German and Mennonite Transnationalisms, 1874–1944. PhD dissertation, University of Iowa (USA), 2015. Ellis, Riley. La comida y los orishas de santería: Alimentando el bienestar de los creyentes. [Food and the Orishas of Santería: Feeding the Welfare of Believers]. MA thesis, Colorado State University (USA), 2015. In Spanish. Englehart, Claire. Trapped Like a Trap in a Trap: Subversive Fiction of the Twenties and Thirties—Dorothy Parker’s Outrage at the Failure of Advancement toward Gender and Social Equality. PhD dissertation, Indiana University of Pennsylvania (USA), 2015. Feltham, Sarah Christine Emily Hope. Middle Power Music: Modernism, Ideology, and Compromise in English Canadian Cold War Composition. Ph.D dissertation, State University of New York at Stony Brook (USA), 2015. Ferraz, L. Caminhos retóricos e sorrisos incômodos: Argumentação e humor em a encalhada, de Ingrid Guimarães e Aloísio de Abreu [Rhetorical Paths and Annoying Smiles: Argument and Humor in the Stranded, by Ingrid Guimarães and Aloísio de Abreu]. MA thesis, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (Brazil), 2015. In Portuguese. Field, Leah Giselle. Creative Differences: Sendak’s and Knussen’s Intended Audiences of Where the Wild Things Are and Higglety Pigglety Pop! D.M.A. [Doctor of Musical Arts], University of British Columbia (Canada), 2015.

Fiorelli, Julie A. Space for Speculation: American Fictions of Racial Futures. PhD dissertation, University of Illinois at Chicago (USA), 2015. Gallagher, Maureen. Lyric Subjectivity, Ethics, Contemporary Poetics: Claudia Rankine, Fanny Howe, Elizabeth Robinson. PhD dissertation, Duquesne University (USA), 2015. Garret, Nicole. Motherhood and Religious Crisis in the English Novel, 1678–1800. PhD dissertation, State University of New York at Stony Brook (USA), 2015. Geetha, A. Native Culture and Aesthetics of Writing in Select Canadian Fourth-nations Women’s Fiction. PhD dissertation, Madurai Kamraj University (India), 2015. Giambrone, Joseph Anthony. “The one who did mercy”: Sacramental Charity, Creditor Christology, and the Economy of Salvation in Luke’s Gospel. PhD dissertation, University of Notre Dame (USA), 2015. Gibrill, Muhammed Al-Munir. A Structural-Functional Analysis of the Poetics of Arabic Qasīd: An Ethnolinguistic Study of Three Qasīdahs on Colonial Conquest of Africa by Al-hājj ‘Umar b. Abī Bakr b. ‘Uthmān Krachi (1858–1934). PhD dissertation, Indiana University (USA), 2015. Gil Pineda, Nemesio. The Black and the Beautiful: Strategies of Depiction and Visualization in Richard Ligon’s “A True and Exact History of the Island of Barbados (1657).” PhD dissertation, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras (USA), 2015. Glazer, Kip. Imagining a Constructionist Game-Based Pedagogical Model: Using Tabletop Role-Playing Game Creation to Enhance Literature Education in High School English Classes. Ed.D. dissertation, Pepperdine University (USA), 2015. Goff, Jennifer Ann. “If more women knew more jokes . . . ” The Comic Dramaturgy of Sarah Ruhl and Sheila Callaghan. PhD dissertation, Wayne State University (USA), 2015. Gomathi, S. A Study of Symbols and Imagery in the Select Novels of Gloria Naylor. PhD dissertation, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore (India), 2015. Gonçalves, Sabrina Rosa. O intertexto bíblico na literatura juvenil: As “Crônicas de Nárnia,” de C.S. Lewis [The Biblical Intertext in Juvenile Literature: The “Chronicles of Narnia” by C.S. Lewis]. MA thesis, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), 2015. In Portuguese. Guez, Jonathan. Schubert’s Recapitulation Scripts. PhD dissertation, Yale University (USA), 2015. Guistini, Sean Robert. Writing with Scissors and Arranging Skin: Worlds of Woe and Happiness in the Child Welfare Scrapbooks of John Joseph (J.J.) Kelso, 1893–1894 Ontario. PhD dissertation, York University (Canada), 2015.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Hall, Arlo. “A Quick Immortal Change”: Milton’s Metamorphosed Virtue in A Maske Presented at Ludlow Castle, 1634. MA thesis, Middle Tennessee State University (USA), 2015. Hallett, David. Fearless Symmetry: A Reformed Recouping of Northrop Frye’s Archetypal Criticism with Special Reference to the New Testament’s Use of the Old Testament. PhD dissertation, Westminster Theological Seminary (USA), 2015. Han, John Sung. Overlooked Spaces: The Lumber-Room, Staircase, and Alley in Eighteenth-Century British Novels. PhD dissertation, Indiana University (USA), 2015. Hanses, Mathias. The Life of Comedy After the Death of Plautus: The Palliata in Roman Life and Letters. PhD dissertation, Columbia University (USA), 2015. Harada, Kazue. Japanese Women’s Science Fiction: Posthuman Bodies and the Representation of Gender. PhD dissertation, Washington University in St. Louis (USA), 2015. Hardy, Arielle. Singing Sorrow in Stone: The Mourning Siren in Greek Art. MA thesis, University of California–Davis (USA), 2015. Hardy, Sabrina. Mad Hero in a Box: Christianity, Secular Humanism, and the Monomyth in Doctor Who. MA thesis, Liberty University (USA), 2015. Harris, Samuel. American Dreams and Dystopias: Examining Dystopian Parallels in “The Great Gatsby” and “To Kill a Mockingbird.” MA thesis, Liberty University (USA), 2015. Held, Joshua Raymond. Struggles of Conscience: Subjectivity and Authority in Shakespeare and Milton. PhD dissertation, Indiana University (USA), 2015. Hellstrom, Christopher. Alpha Geek: Neal Stephenson, the Emerging Third Culture, and the Significance of Science Fiction. Doctor of Arts dissertation, St. John’s University (USA), 2015. Helo, Gabrielle. Romantic Science: Nature as Schism between Romantic Generations and as Catalyst between Romanticism and Science Fiction. MA thesis, Florida Atlantic University (USA), 2015. Henningsen, Matthew. Saving the Grotesque: The Grotesque System of Liberation in British Modernism (1922–1932). PhD dissertation, Marquette University (USA), 2015. Hershman, Elizabeth Julia. Beyond Compare: Nineteenth Century Poets and the Stigmatization of Genre. PhD dissertation, State University of New York at Stony Brook (USA), 2015. Hildebrand, Sara. Creating an Actor. M.F.A. thesis, University of Iowa (USA), 2015. Hitchner, Earle. What We Dare Confide: A Canonical Case for the Poetry, Literary Criticism, and Public Arts Advocacy of Dana Gioia. Doctor of Letters dissertation, Drew University (USA), 2015.

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Holinková, Lucie. Rozbor díla Žítkovské bohyně z genderového hlediska [The Gender Analysis of Žítkovské bohyně]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2015. In Czech. Hollett, Carmen Rebecca. The Lamb: An Analysis and Comparison of the Settings of John Rutter and John Tavener. M.M. thesis, California State University, Los Angeles (USA), 2015. Hon, Kam-Cheung Richard. The Contribution of the Roman Trial Narrative to the Purpose of the Gospel of John. PhD dissertation, Dallas Theological Seminary (USA), 2015. Horký, Adam. Dějiny ve vlastní režii. Univerzita Karlova jako tvůrce vlastní paměti [Directing the Course of History: Charles University as the Creator of Its Own Memory]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2015. In Czech. Howard, Emily Nichole. Grounds of Knowledge: Unofficial Epistemologies of British Environmental Writing, 1745–1835. PhD dissertation, University of Michigan (USA), 2015. Isaac, Isaiah Vanja Luke. Theme of Quest in the Novels of Saul Bellow: A Study. PhD dissertation, Sri Krishnadevaraya University (India), 2015. Izdná, Petra. Prostory dětství a jejich významy. (Topos zahrady v literatuře 20. století) [Meanings of Literary Childhood Spaces: The Garden in Twentieth-Century Literature]. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2015. In Czech. Iturbe-La Grave, Valentina. Camila O’gorman: Realidad y mito en el imaginario cultural Argentino (1847–1884) [Camila O’Gorman: Reality and Myth in the Argentine Cultural Imagination (1847–1884)]. PhD dissertation, University of Colorado at Boulder (USA), 2015. In Spanish. James, Jonathan. Love and Apocalypse in Chaucer’s Dream Visions. PhD dissertation, New York University (Canada), 2015. Johnson, Bradley T. The Form and Function of Mark 1:1–15. PhD dissertation, Asbury Theological Seminary (USA), 2015. Johnson, Bryan. In the Eternal Shade. MA thesis, Colorado State University (USA), 2015. Johnston, Britton W. René Girard’s Mimetic Theory as the Basis for a Fundamental Practical Theology. PhD dissertation, Fuller Theological Seminary, Center for Advanced Theological Study (USA), 2015. Jung, Anne. Threads of Truth: Aesthetics of a Sacrificed Self in the Nineteenth-Century American Romance of Susanna Rowson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Henry James and Kate Chopin. PhD dissertation, State University of New York at Albany (USA), 2015. Kane, Owen. Dennis Lee’s Testament. MA thesis, Trent University (Canada), 2015.

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The Reception of Northrop Frye

Kanjilal, Satyaki. Petrarchan Reform and Reform of Petrarch in Early Modern England. PhD dissertation, University of Nevada, Reno (USA), 2015. Katalin, Kürtösi. Modernizmus a ‘végekről’— a ‘végek’ a modernizmusról. (Esettanulmányok a kanadai kultúrából, elméleti művekből) [Modernism of “Ends”— “Ends” of Modernism. (Case Studies of Canadian Culture, Theoretical Works)]. PhD dissertation, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungary), 2015. In Hungarian. Kopečná, Kateřina. Symbolismus ve vybraných dílech Williama Goldinga [Use of Symbolism in Selected Works of William Golding]. MA thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2015. In Czech. Koppy, Kate C. M. Cinderella and Other Fairy Tales as Secular Scripture in Contemporary America and Russia. PhD dissertation, Purdue University (USA), 2015. Korpua, Jyrki. Constructive Mythopoetics in J.R.R. Tolkien’s “Legendarium.” PhD dissertation, University of Oulu (Finland), 2015. Kostić, Milena. Sukob političkog i ličnog u Šekspirovim istorijskim dramama [The Conflict of the Personal and the Professional in Shakespeare’s Historical Plays]. PhD dissertation, University of Novi Sad (Serbia), 2015. In Bosnian. Kotrlová, Jitka. Stínová kinematografie—Mytologie australského gotického filmu 70.let [Shadow Cinema—The Mythology of Australian Gothic Films in the 1970s]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2015. In Czech Kuan-Wen Shi. The Art of Narrative of Zizhi Tongjian as Political Vigilance. PhD dissertation, National Jinan International University (China), 2015. Kubalová, Barbora. The Role of Violence in Blood Meridian and The Road by Cormac McCarthy. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2015. Landa, Martin. Humor, groteskno a absurdno v Kafkově Proměně [Humour, Grotesque, and Absurdity in Kafka’s “Metamorphosis”]. Bachelor’s thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2015. In Czech. Landers, Rachel. “A thrice told tale”: William Wordsworth’s Chaucer Translations as Works of Romantic Medievalism. MA thesis, University of Alabama at Birmingham (USA), 2015. Lee, Janet. How Allegories Mean in the Novel: From Personification to Impersonation in Eighteenth-Century British Fiction. PhD dissertation, Columbia University (USA), 2015. Lewis, Kathryn L. Imaging the Early Cold War: Photographs in Life Magazine, 1945–1954. PhD dissertation, Virginia Commonwealth University (USA), 2015. Liu, Wei. An Analysis of A.S. Byatt’s “Possession” Based on the Theory of Archetypal Criticism. MA thesis, Liaoning University (China), 2015. In Chinese.

Lopez, Josephine M. Constantino Escalante: Caricature, Satire and the Project of Modernization in Nineteenth-Century Mexico. PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley (USA), 2015. McClure, Keyla. Climbing the Ladder with No Hands at All. M.F.A. thesis, University of Iowa (USA), 2015. McGhee, J. Alexandra. Embodying the Torrid Zone: Creolization, Contamination, and the Disintegration of Identity in the British and Colonial Cultural Imagination. PhD dissertation, University of Rochester (USA), 2015. Macháčková, Klára. Charaktery prostoru Trýznivého města Daniely Hodrové [Characters of Space in the Trilogy Trýznivé město by Daniela Hodrová]. Bachelor’s thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2015. In Czech. Macl, Ondřej. Patos křídla a šípu: Variace Eróta v dějinách evropské literatury [The Pathos of Wing and Arrow: The Variances of Eros in the History of European Literature]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2015. In Czech. Maitland, Sarah. Temperance in the Age of Feeling: Sensibility, Pedagogy, and Poetry in the Eighteenth Century. PhD dissertation, University of Rhode Island (USA), 2015. Mannaert, Sam. A Comparison of American and German Cultural Pessimism: A Spenglerian Reading of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Beautiful and Damned. MA thesis, University of Ghent (Belgium), 2015. Martorell Campos, Francisco. Transformaciones de la utopía y la distopía en la postmodernidad: Aspectos ontológicos, epistemológicos y políticos [Transformations of Utopia and Dystopia in Postmodernity: Ontological, Epistemological and Political Aspects]. PhD dissertation, Universitat de València (Spain), 2015. In Spanish. Massino, Megan. Axiomatic Modernism: Poetics, Logic, and Mathematics in the Early 20th Century. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin–Madison (USA), 2015. Matheson, Calum Lister. Desired Ground Zeroes: Nuclear Imagination and the Death Drive. PhD dissertation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA), 2015. Mattson, Christina Phillips. Children’s Literature Grows Up. PhD dissertation, Harvard University (USA), 2015. Mendoza, Daniel M. A New American Fiction: Personal Essays, Observances, and Interviews. M.F.A. thesis. University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (USA), 2015. Meng, Sainan. An Archetypal Study of Life, Death and Rebirth in William Styron’s “Sophie’s Choice.” MA thesis, Shenyang Normal University (China), 2015. In Chinese. Mercado, Leticia. “Habla, Bulto Animado”: The Problem of Silence in the Ekphrastic Poetry of Baroque Spain. PhD dissertation, Boston College (USA), 2015. Mexica, Cuauhtemoc Thelonious. Pariahs, Tricksters, and the Subversion of Modernity: The Decolonial Borderland Narratives of Cormac McCarthy and Eduardo Antonio

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Parra. PhD dissertation, University of Washington (USA), 2015. Mikulová, Tamara. Mircea Eliade—rozprávač—zasvätiteľ: Iniciačný rozmer jeho fantastických próz [Mircea Eliade—Narrator—Initiator: The Initiation Dimension of His Fantastic Prose]. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2015. In Slovak. Milton, Piper Isabeau. Fictive Views: The Tragic Mode in G.B. Piranesi’s “Vedute di Roma.” MA thesis, University of California, Davis (USA), 2015. Minico, Elisabetta di. Antiutopía y control: La distopía en el mundo contemporáneo y actual. [Antiutopia and Control: Dystopia in Today’s Actual World]. PhD dissertation, Universitat de Barcelona (Spain), 2015. In Spanish. Mkrtchyan, Diana. The Animal in Canadian Fiction: Literary, Cultural, and Ecological Aspects. Diplomarbeit thesis, University of Graz (Austria), 2015. Moe, Peter Wayne. Toward a Rhetoric of Syntactic Delivery. PhD dissertation, University of Pittsburgh (USA), 2015. Montoya Arango, Jaime Andre. Mitologías de la publicidad: Un análisis semiótico del mito publicitario [Mythologies of Advertising: A Semiotic Analysis of the Advertising Myth]. PhD dissertation, Universidad de Granada (Spain), 2015. In Spanish. Moore, Sarah Kathryn. Beste of bon and blod: Embodiment in Middle English Lyric. PhD dissertation, University of Washington (USA), 2015. Morais, Juliana Meneguitte. Humanamente divino: O poeta transcendido e transfigurado em Nihil Sibi (1948), de Miguel Torga [Humanly Divine: The Poet Transcended and Transfigured in Nihil Sibi (1948), by Miguel Torga]. MA thesis, Universidade Federal de Viços (Brazil), 2015. In Portuguese. Morden, Michael. “With a Vow to Defend”: Indigenous Direct Mobilization in Canada. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2015. Morones, Regina. An Actor’s Process. MA thesis, University of Iowa (USA), 2015. Mozafari, Arshavez. An Intellectual History of Early-Pahlavī Demonology, 1921–41/1299–1320 sh. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2015. Ndiaye, Assane Faye. La place et le rôle du romanesque dans la poétique d’Émile Zola [The Place and the Role of Romance in the Poetics of Emile Zola]. Doctoral thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, in cotutelle with l’Université de Saint-Louis (Senegal), 2015. In French. Nelson, Kurt. The Lyrical Moment: An Analysis of Tadeusz Baird’s “Erotyki” and “Epiphany Music.” PhD dissertation, New York University (USA), 2015. Nikou, Christos. Genèse et Apocalypse dans la poésie de Pierre Jean Jouve, de Pierre Emmanuel et d’Odysséas Elytis [Genesis and Apocalypse in the Poetry of Pierre Jean

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Jouve, Pierre Emmanuel and Odysseus Elytis]. PhD dissertation, Center for Research in Comparative Literature (Paris) (France), 2015. In French. Nomura, Claire. The Shojo Holds Open the Door: Malleable Archetypes, Care Perspectives, and Reader Receptibility in Three Shojo Manga Series. PhD dissertation, Union Institute & University (USA), 2015. Norris Sands, Farran L. Dr. Frankenstein’s Hideous Progeny: A Typology of the Mad Scientist in Contemporary Young Adult Novels and Computer Animated Film. PhD dissertation, Illinois State University (USA), 2015. Ocheltree, Matthew Neal. Cosmopolitan Romance: The Adventure of Archaeology, the Politics of Genre, and the Origins of the Future in Walter Scott’s Crusader Novels. PhD dissertation, Harvard University (USA), 2015. Olson, Naomi. The Problem of the Law: Nikolai Gogol and Nineteenth-Century Russian Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin–Madison (USA), 2015. Ortega, Alejandra. From Text to Tech: Theorizing Changing Experimental Narrative Structures. MA thesis, Wake Forest University (USA), 2015. Ortiz, Valeria Alejandra Avina. Train Yourself to Let Go of Everything You Fear to Lose. M.F.A. thesis, University of Iowa (USA), 2015. Ounekeo, Phonesury. Evolving Elements of Fiction in Digital Game Stories: Games as Literary Entities. PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Dallas (USA), 2015. Padmam, K.E. Multiculturalism in Select Canadian Writings. PhD dissertation, Madurai Kamaraj University (India), 2015. Pagliarini, Anthony J. A Memory of Future Israel: Ezekiel 40–48 and the Potential for Warranted Reception. PhD dissertation, University of Notre Dame (USA), 2015. Pahlau, Randi. Hospitality and the Natural World within an Ecotheological Context in William Shakespeare’s “Much Ado about Nothing” and Jane Austen’s “Pride and Prejudice.” PhD dissertation, Kent State University (USA), 2015. Palit, Annapurna. Crisis Conflict, Displacement, and Dilemma: A Comparative Study of the Literature Emerging out of the Chinese and Japanese Immigrant Experiences in Canada. PhD dissertation, Jadavpur University (India), 2015. Parit, Sandip Balu. Use of Myth in the Select Plays of Derek Walcott. PhD dissertation, Shivaji University (India), 2015. Pedersen, Steven. Composing Place. PhD dissertation, San Diego State University (USA), 2015. Pereira, André Luiz Gardesani. Confluências entre mito, literatura e direito em Édipo Rei, de Sófocles. [Confluences between Myth, Literature and Law in Oedipus the King, by Sophocles]. MA thesis, São Paulo State University, São Paulo (Brazil), 2015. In Portuguese.

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The Reception of Northrop Frye

Petrow, Michael. The Redemption of Perspective: Origen’s Exegesis for Reading “the books of the soul.” PhD dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute (USA), 2015. Pranič, Martina. Early Modern Players of Folly. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2015. Price, Catherine. Feeling Too Much: Transformations of Excessive Emotionality in the Eighteenth-Century British Novel. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin–Madison (USA), 2015. Pridgeon, Stephanie. Subverting Subversion: Refiguring 1970s Revolutionary Militancy through Recent Argentine Novels and Films (1996–2012). PhD dissertation, Emory University (USA), 2015. Quijano, Johansen. Demystifying the Structures of Ludic Textuality: Narrative, Rhetoric, and Genre in Hyperergodic Composition. PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Arlington (USA), 2015. Rangel, Christopher. Opportunity to Breathe. M.F.A. thesis, University of Iowa (USA), 2015. Reagan, Mary. The Archetypal Significance of John Cheever’s “The Swimmer.” MA thesis, Texas State University (USA), 2015. Rehill, Anne Collier. Coureurs de Bois, Backwoodsmen as Ecocritical Motif in Four Works of French Canadian Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park (USA), 2015. Reiter, Daniela. “Shaped by the Sea”: Regional Aspects in Atlantic Canadian Short Stories. Diplomarbeit thesis, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz (Austria), 2015. Rentschler, Kyle. Value-able Circuitries: An Examination of Human Values Embedded in Commercial Video Game Design. PhD dissertation, New York University (USA), 2015. Rezunyk, Jessica. Science and Nature in the Medieval Ecological Imagination. PhD dissertation, Washington University (USA), 2015. Robertson, Christine. An Evolutionary Model of the Boy’s Quest, 1863–1901. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2015. Robertson, Gillian. Variations on a Theme by Paganini: Narrative Archetypes in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Theme-and-Variation Sets. PhD dissertation, Florida State University (USA), 2015. Rodriguez, Benjamin. La reconstrucción de significado en “Doña Perfecta” de Galdós [The Reconstruction of Meaning in Doña Perfecta by Galdós]. MA thesis, University of South Carolina (USA), 2015. In Spanish. Roop, Laura. The Use of Cultural Memory in Reinforcing Contemporary Russian Patriotism: A Case Study of the Film “Stalingrad.” MA thesis, West Virginia University (USA), 2015. Ross, Jillian. A People Heeds not Scripture: A Poetics of Pentateuchal Allusions in the Book of Judges. PhD

dissertation, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School (USA), 2015. Rowland-Adeniyi, Jackson. An Evangelical Dialogue with Wole Soyinka’s Cultural Project. PhD dissertation, Dallas Theological Seminary (USA), 2015. Ryan, Elana Laurel Aislinn. A Medieval New World: Nation-Making in Early Canadian Literature, 1789– 1870. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2015. Sahni, Rashmi. Truth and Conjecture: Forms of Detection in Eighteenth-Century British Fiction. PhD dissertation, Columbia University (USA), 2015. Saldías Rossel, Gabriel Alejandro. En el peor lugar posible: Teoría de lo distópico y su presencia en la narrativa tardofranquista española (1965–1975) [In the Worst Possible Place: Dystopian Theory and Its Presence in the Late Spanish-Speaking Narrative (1965–1975)]. PhD dissertation, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain), 2015. In Spanish. Schaefer, Timo H. The Social Origins of Justice: Mexico in the Age of Utopian Failure, 1821–1870. PhD dissertation, Indiana University (USA), 2015. Schöfrová. Ivona. Darkness in William Blake’s The First Book of Urizen. MA thesis, Masaryk University (Czech Republic), 2015. Sendon, Oscar. Estructura de la personalidad del hombre de acción en las vidas de soldados de la Primera Modernidad. [Structure of the Personality of the Man of Action in the Lives of Soldiers of the First Modernity]. PhD dissertation, University of Nebraska–Lincoln (USA), 2015. In Spanish. Sengupta, Paromita. “Boredom is always counter-­ revolutionary”: Affective Political Activism in Participatory Online Communities. MA thesis, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee (USA), 2015. Simone, Louise. Beyond Demons and Darkness: A Genealogy of Evil in American Fantasy Literature for Young Adults since 1950. PhD dissertation, Georgetown University (USA), 2015. Sousa, Maria Geralda Santos de. O imaginário na obra incidente em antares [And the Imaginary in the Work Incident in Antares by Erico Verissimo]. MA thesis, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás (Brazil), 2015. In Portuguese. Stagner, Alison. “Have you the little chest—to put the alive—in?” Riddles, Secrets, Spells. M.F.A. thesis, University of Washington (USA), 2015. Stalcup, Scott R. Empire of the Scene: Film Adaptations of the Novels of J.G. Ballard. MA thesis, Northern Illinois University (USA), 2015. Stoyanoff, Jeffery. Bringing Frames into Focus: Reading Middle English Literature. PhD dissertation, Duquesne University (USA), 2015.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Streglio, Cosme Juares Moreira. A lírica de Leodegária de Jesus: Devaneio poético e imagem [The Lyric of Leodeburgo de Jesus: Poetic Reverie and Image]. MA thesis, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás (Brazil), 2015. In Portuguese. Sukumaran, Padmini. The Inner Fairy: Reason and Imagination in “The Faerie Queene” and “A Midsummer Night’s Dream.” Doctor of Arts dissertation, St. John’s University–New York (USA), 2015. Sumner, Natasha Dawn Eileen. The Fenian Narrative Corpus, c.600–c.2000: A Reassessment. PhD dissertation, Harvard University (USA), 2015. Sunahara, Yumi. The Story of Alienation and Acceptance in “Pedro Paramo”: Focusing on the Genre Theory of Northrop Frye. Research thesis, Kansai Gaidai University (Japan), 2015. In Japanese. Telge, Claus. “Brüderliche egoisten”: Die gedichtübersetzungen aus dem Spanischen von Erich Arendt und Hans Magnus Enzensberger [“Brotherly Egoists”: The Poetry Translations from Spanish by Erich Arendt and Hans Magnus Enzensberger]. PhD dissertation, University of Arizona (USA), 2015. In German. Thom, Sabrina. Psychological Aspects in Contemporary Canadian Narratives of First Nation Writers. Masterarbeit thesis, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz (Austria), 2015. Thomas, Alexander. “Success will write apocalypse across the sky”: William Blake and the Eschatological Performative. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2015. Vaage, Eli Fossdal. Når døden reiser seg: Ein resepsjonskritisk analyse av Olav Nygards dikt “No reiser kvelden seg.” [When Death Rises: A Critical Analysis of the Reception of Olav Nygard’s Poem “No Evening Goes On”]. MA thesis, University of Bergen (Norway), 2015. In Norwegian. Vaccaro, Rebecca A. Dysphoria and Moral Ambiguity in Victorian Children’s Literature by Carroll, Ingelow, Rossetti, and Wilde. PhD dissertation, Catholic University of America (USA), 2015. Valdes, Yuliana. Reading and Agency: The Development of Eve’s Heroism in “Paradise Lost.” MA thesis, California State University, Los Angeles (USA), 2015. van der Graaf, Kara. Dear Satellite. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee (USA), 2015. Vaněk, Petr. Karnevalizace a různořečí v prozaickém díle Emila Hakla [Carnivalization and Heteroglossia in Prosaic Works of Emil Hakl]. BA thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2015. In Czech. Vasconcelos, Gilmar de Souza Barbosa. Imagens metafóricas da transitoriedade da existência no Eclesiastes [Metaphorical Images of the Transience of Existence in Ecclesiastes]. MA thesis, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba (Brazil), 2015. In Portuguese.

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Vennemann, Kevin. “(denn unser Organismus ist oligarchisch eingerichtet)”—Thermodynamik und der Verfall einer Familie [(“For our organism is oligarchically established)”—Thermodynamics and the Decay of a Family]. PhD dissertation, New York University (USA), 2015. In German. Wade, Everett. The Contemporary Context of Milton’s Typology: Biblical Exegesis and Literature in the Seventeenth Century. PhD dissertation, University of Memphis (USA), 2015. Wasson, Nathan. The Process. M.F.A. thesis, University of Iowa (USA), 2015. Wayland, Luke. Sanctifying a Darke Conceit: Seeing the Bible in “The Faerie Queene.” PhD dissertation, Harvard University (USA), 2015. Weiner, Jeffrey. Amazement and the Experience of Transformation in the Romances of Cervantes and Shakespeare. PhD dissertation, University of California–Berkeley (USA), 2015. Weizenbeck, Nichol. Mary, Quite Contrary: The Novels of Mary Davys, 1700–1727. PhD dissertation, University of Denver (USA), 2015. Williams, Timothy. Masks and Memory: The Search for Unity in the Poetry of Aleksandr Blok and Nikolai Gumilyov. PhD dissertation, Columbia University (USA), 2015. Witt, April. The Novel Unbound. PhD dissertation, Indiana University (USA), 2015. Wodzyński, Łukasz. Romance as an Experimental Form in Polish and Russian Early Modernism. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2015. Woodring, Catherine L. Reedy. “Revenge should have no bounds”: Poison and Revenge in Seventeenth Century English Drama. PhD dissertation, Harvard University (USA), 2015. Yang, Jing. Traductologie, linguistique, culture: Recherches sur des perspectives interculturelles relatives à l’héritage de l’Europe et de la Chine [Translation, Linguistics, Culture: Research on Intercultural Perspectives on the Legacy of Europe and China]. PhD dissertation, Université d’Etudes Internationales de Xian (China), dans le cadre de École doctorale lettres, pensée, arts et histoire— LPAH (Poitiers), in partnership Espaces Humains et Interactions Culturelles (France), 2015. In French. Yumi, Sunahara. Episodios de exclusión y aceptación en Pedro Páramo: A base de la teoría de los géneros de Northrop Frye [Episodes of Exclusion and Acceptance in Pedro Páramo, Based on Northrop Frye’s Genre Theory]. Research thesis, Kansai Gaidai University (Japan). In Spanish. Zackin, Stacey. The Psychology of Hospitality: Creating Welcoming and Inclusive Environments. PhD dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute (USA), 2015.

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Zeenat, Afrin. The Spectacle of Orphanhood: Reimagining Orphans in Postbellum Fiction. PhD dissertation, University of Arkansas (USA), 2015. Zhang, Rui. An Archetypal Study on Life, Death and Rebirth in Eudora Welty’s “Curtain of Green and Other Stories.” MA thesis, Shenyang Normal University (China), 2015. In Chinese. Zinter, Erik. “The Tyger” and “The Lamb”: Exploring the Relationship between Text and Music in Selected Contemporary Choral Settings of Two Poems by William Blake (1757–1827). Doctor of Musical Arts dissertation, North Dakota State University (USA), 2015. Zirk, Karin. Using Imaginal Mythology to Enhance Well-Being in Family Caregivers. PhD dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute (USA), 2015. Zochová, Iveta. Gender v povinné literature—Staré řecké báje a pověsti: Genderová analýza díla [Gender in Compulsory Reading—Old Greek Myths and Legends: Gender Analysis of the Writing]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2015. In Czech. 2016 Abdillah, Nasirin Bin. Image-i-nation and Fictocriticism: Rewriting of the Malay Myth. PhD dissertation, University of Wollongong (Australia), 2016. Abu Hassan Shaari, Noriza. Effect of Narrative Structure of Animated Movies on ESL Learners’ Recall and Comprehension of Stories. Ed.D. dissertation, West Virginia University (USA), 2016. Anderson, Daniel Gustav. What Is Enlightenment? Mindfulness in the Moment of Stress. PhD dissertation, George Mason University (USA), 2016. Anderson, Emily Kathryn. Nowhere to Go but Forward: The Fiction of Octavia E. Butler. PhD dissertation, University of Minnesota (USA), 2016. Anderson, Sarah. A New Definition of Magic Realism: An Analysis of Three Novels as Examples of Magic Realism in a Postcolonial Diaspora. Honors thesis, Olivet Nazarene University (USA), 2016. Antinora, Sarah Hill. Laughter in Early Modern Drama: Permission to Laugh Ourselves into Stitches. PhD dissertation, University of California, Riverside (USA), 2016. Arantes, Judith Tonioli. Fantasy e mito em o Silmarillion de J.R.R. Tolkien [Fantasy and Myth in the Silmarillion of J.R.R. Tolkien]. PhD dissertation, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie (Brazil). In Portuguese. Arenger, Ben. Refiguring Universalisms: The Case of Three Postmodern Spanish Novels. PhD dissertation, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey–New Brunswick (USA), 2016. Babická, Barbora. Genderová analýza hlavních ženských postav Babičky Boženy Němcové [Gender Analysis of the Main Female Characters in Bozena Nemcova’s The

Grandmother]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2016. In Czech. Babineau, Jean. “Infini,” suivi de, Dans le dédale hétérogène d’un roman historique sur la saga du parc Kouchibouguac [“Infinite,” Followed by, in the Heterogeneous Maze of a Historical Novel about the Saga of Kouchibouguac Park]. PhD dissertation, Université de Moncton (Canada), 2016. In French. Baez, Felipe J., Jr. Making Meaning out of Canonical Texts in Freshman English. PhD dissertation, Arizona State University (USA), 2016. Baijal, Supriya. Archetypal Rhythm in Modern Children’s Literature: A Study of Ursula K. Le Guin, Diana Wynne Jones, and Trudi Canavan. PhD dissertation, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (India), 2016. Bakadi, Kelthoum. The Symbolic Representation of Human Nature in Daniel Defoe’s “Robinson Crusoe.” MA thesis, Kasdi Merbah University Ouargla (Algeria), 2016. Bardowell, Matthew R. Art and Emotion in Old Norse and Old English Poetry. PhD dissertation, Saint Louis University (USA), 2016. Bayne, Matthew William. Tarrying with Useless Things: Reparative Readings of Victorian Social Inequality. PhD dissertation, University of Rochester (USA), 2016. Be, Alisa. Women’s Participation in the Political Public Sphere: Redefining the Form of Narrative Satire, 1790– 1880. PhD dissertation, University of Miami (USA), 2016. benShea, Adam J. Talking with Prophets: Applying Socio-Rhetorical Interpretation to Prophetic Dialogue in the Qur’an. PhD dissertation, Emory University (USA), 2016. Berkenpas, Joshua R. The Behavioral Revolution in Contemporary Political Science: Narrative, Identity, Practice. PhD dissertation, Western Michigan University (USA), 2016. Bhagat-Kennedy, Monika R. Imagining Bharat: Romance, Heroism, and Hindu Nationalism in the Bengali Novel, 1880–1920. PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania (USA), 2016. Bhattacharyya, Subhrendu. Affinity between Blake’s Views and Indian Philosophy. PhD dissertation, University of Calcutta (India), 2016. Bittencourt, Amanda Rosa. O sagrado na poesia de Dora Ferreira da Silva [The Sacred in the Poetry of Dora Ferreira da Silva]. MA thesis, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), 2016. In Portuguese. Bittner, Caitlin N. The Price of Return. MA thesis, New Mexico Highlands University (USA), 2016. Blades, Sonya Elisa. A Satire of Their Own: Subjectivity, Subversion, and the Rewriting of Literary History in Women’s Satire of the Twentieth Century. PhD

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

dissertation, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (USA), 2016. Bohman, Erik. Articulated Worlds: Phenomenology, Narrative Form, and the 20th-Century Novel. PhD dissertation, Indiana University (USA), 2016. Bolling, James Benjamin. Serial Historiography: Literature, Narrative History, and the Anxiety of Truth. PhD dissertation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA), 2016. Bonilla, Martha E. Romance: The Emulation of Empire. PhD dissertation, University of California, Santa Cruz (USA), 2016. Boswell, Matthew A. The Way to Love through Hope: A Virtue-Based Model of Spiritual Growth for Christian Spiritual Formation. PhD dissertation, Graduate Theological Union (USA), 2016. Bowles, Henry M. Anatomy of “Decadence.” PhD dissertation, Harvard University (USA), 2016. Boyar, Jenny. Lyric Form and the Charge of Forgetfulness in Medieval and Early Modern Poetry. PhD dissertation, University of Rochester (USA), 2016. Braddox, Tonya. Revisiting Our History: Black-Asian Tropes in African American Literature and Culture 1980s to the Present. PhD dissertation, Michigan State University (USA), 2016. Bradley, Adam. Critical Tools: Using Technology to Augment the Process of Literary Analysis. PhD dissertation, University of Waterloo (Canada), 2016. Bronn, Johanna Aletta. A Testimony of the Misbegottern: Tension and Discord in the Poems of Sylvia Plath, with Special Reference to A Poem for a Birthday. MA thesis, North-West University in Potchefstroom (South Africa), 2016. Bruinius Alspach, Berniece. Remembering Modernism in “The Remains of the Day,” “Cat’s Eye,” and “Atonement.” PhD dissertation, Claremont Graduate University (USA), 2016. Burdorff, Sara Frances. The Belly and the Beast: Obstetrics, Monstrosity, and the Heroic Legacy from Classical Myth to Shakespeare. PhD dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles (USA), 2016. Burks, Caroline. The Young Adult Picturebook: Pictures and Images in the Twenty-first Century ESL Classroom. Diplomarbeit, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz (Austria), 2016. Callis, Jonathan P. Reading the Mind: Renaissance Allegory and Lockean Psychology in Eighteenth-Century English Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Notre Dame (USA), 2016. Čaplyginová, Olga. Hranice labyrintu: Poetika prostoru italského postmoderního románu [Boundaries of the Labyrinth: Literary Space in Italian Postmodern Novels]. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2016. In Czech.

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Carrico-Rausch, Cynthia. The Legitimacy of Cookbooks as Rhetoric of Southern Culture. MA thesis, Florida Atlantic University (USA), 2016. Castangia, Luisanna Sardu. Creating with Anger: Contemplating Vendetta. An Analysis of Anger in Italian and Spanish Women Writers of the Early Modern Era. PhD dissertation, City University of New York (USA), 2016. Caughey, John. How to Become an Author: The Art and Business of Literary Advice Handbooks. PhD dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles (USA), 2016. Cermatori, Joseph. Traditions of the Baroque: Modernist Conceptual Stagings between Theory and Performance. PhD dissertation, Columbia University (USA), 2016. Cernucan, Michael. From Sorrow to Submission: Overlapping Narrative in Job’s Journey from 2:8 to 2:10. PhD dissertation, Hebrew Union College–Jewish Institute of Religion (USA), 2016. Chen, Shiqin. Elegiac Irony: A Study of Charlotte Smith’s Poetry. PhD dissertation, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 2016. Chan, Sze Man. Evelyn Waugh and the Pursuit of Permanence. PhD dissertation, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 2016. Chen, Te. Between Poetry and Rhapsody: The Evolution of Literature in Early Medieval China. PhD dissertation, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 2016. Chinn, Lisa. Sounding Print Culture, 1953–1968. PhD dissertation, Emory University (USA), 2016. Chongvattanakij, Chairat. Music as Gestural Narrative: An Analysis of Video Recordings of Beethoven’s Piano Sonata, Op. 109. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2016. Ciaccio, Jason. Waking Dreams: Modernist Intoxications and the Poetics of Altered States. PhD dissertation, City University of New York (USA), 2016. Coleman, Tara. Re-visions of the Past: Lyricism as History in Contemporary Chinese Poetry and Film. PhD dissertation, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey–New Brunswick (USA), 2016. Colić, Miroslav. Програмско-продукционо моделовање образовног програма ТВ Београд у периоду од 1964. до 1980. године, као парадигма друштвено оправдане и медијски успешне едукације [Production–Programming Models of the Television of Belgrade’s Educational Program between 1964 and 1980, as a Paradigm of a Socially Justified and Successful Education through Media]. PhD dissertation, University of Belgrade (Serbia), 2016. In Serbian. Cranstoun, Annie M. Ceasing to Run Underground: 20th-Century Women Writers and Hydrological Thought. PhD dissertation, City University of New York (USA), 2016.

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Crisp, Mollie. Satire and Sympathy in the NineteenthCentury Realist Novel: Austen, Thackeray, Dickens, and Eliot. PhD dissertation, Catholic University of America (USA), 2016. Cruz, Paulo. Ficção científica contra o cientificismo: Teologia e imaginação moral na trilogia cósmica de C.S. Lewis [Science Fiction against Scientism: Theology and Moral Imagination in C.S. Lewis’s Cosmic Trilogy]. MA thesis, Universidade Metodista de São Paulo (Brazil), 2016. In Portuguese. Curtis, James Michael. In absentia parentis: The Orphan Figure in Latter Twentieth-Century Anglo-American Children’s Fantasy. PhD dissertation, University of Southern Mississippi (USA), 2016. Daher, Claudia Helena. Sous le signe de Terpsichore: Scènes de bal dans des récits français, portugais et brésiliens du XIXe siècle [Under the Sign of Terpsichore: Ball Scenes in Nineteenth-Century French, Portuguese, and Brazilian Narratives]. Doctoral thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (France), 2016. In French. Dalgleish, Melissa A. Her Constellated Mind: Jay Macpherson’s Modernism and the Mythopoeic Turn. PhD dissertation, York University (Canada), 2016. Della Zazzera, Elizabeth. Romanticism in Print: Periodicals and the Politics of Aesthetics in Restoration Paris, 1814–1830. PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania (USA), 2016. Demos, Rosemary. Dialogic Faiths: Multi-Genre Expression in Religious Narrative. PhD dissertation, City University of New York (USA), 2016. Derosier, Joseph Patrick. Imagining a New Britain: The Politics of “Perlesvaus.” PhD dissertation, Northwestern University (USA), 2016. Diniz da Silva, Daniella Amaral. A Retaguarda da Vanguarda: Modernidades contestadas em três tempos: Bilac, Aranha e Lobato [The Rearguard of the Vanguard: Modernities Contested in Three Times: Bilac, Aranha and Lobato]. PhD dissertation, Columbia University (USA), 2016. In Portuguese. Dowdy, Darlene. Harbingers of Change: Images and Archetypes of Imminent Transformation. PhD dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute (USA), 2016. Eckerle, Megan Marie. Speculation and Time in Late Medieval Visionary Discourse. PhD dissertation, Yale University (USA), 2016. Elrick, Kathy. Ironic Feminism: Rhetorical Critique in Satirical News. PhD dissertation, Clemson University (USA), 2016. Erhart, Erin Michelle. England’s Dreaming: The Rise and Fall of Science Fiction, 1871–1874. PhD dissertation, Brandeis University (USA), 2016. Ertsgaard, Gabriel. Saint Brendan’s Green Voyage: Sustainable Insights from a Medieval Irish Legend. D.Litt. dissertation, Drew University (USA), 2016.

Espie, Jeffrey George. Forms of Mediation: Chaucer, Spenser and English Literary History. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2016. Finashina, Carmen Ashley. Thinking Like a Heroine: Investigating the Role of Genre in Identity and Perception. PhD dissertation, Northwestern University (USA), 2016. Fleming, Fiona. La figure de l’étranger dans l’œuvre de D. H. Lawrence: La puissance créatrice et transformatrice de l’étrange [The Figure of the Stranger in the work of D.H. Lawrence: The Creative and Transformative Power of the Strange]. PhD dissertation, Doctoral School Letters, Languages, Shows (Nanterre), in partnership with the Anglophone Research Centre (France), 2016. In French. Fletcher, Joseph. Quid’s Pantheism: William Blake as Natural Philosopher. PhD dissertation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA), 2016. Fratto, Elena. Medicine as Storytelling: Emplotment Strategies in the Definition of Illness and Healing (1870–1930). PhD Dissertation, Harvard University (USA), 2016. García Quiñones, Marta. Historical Models of Music Listening and Theories of Audition: Towards an Understanding of Music Listening outside the Aesthetic Framework. PhD dissertation, Universitat de Barcelona (Spain), 2016. Gilbert, Matthew J. The Music of Romantic Poetry and the Mediation of Romanticism. PhD dissertation, State University of New York at Stony Brook (USA), 2016. Giraldo, Daniel. Entre líneas: Literatura marica colombiana [Between the Lines: Colombian Slang Literature]. PhD dissertation, University of Pittsburgh (USA), 2016. In Spanish. Girard, Robin William. Courtly Love and Its Counterparts in the Medieval Mediterranean. PhD dissertation, Washington University in St. Louis (USA), 2016. González Arenas, María Isabel. La poética de Virgilio Piñera: Tradición y transtextualidad [The Poetics of Virgilio Piñera: Tradition and Transtextuality]. PhD dissertation, Universidad de Murcia (Spain), 2016. In Spanish. Gray, Julia Anne. An Aesthetic of Relationality: Exploring the Intersection of Embodiment, Imagination and Foolishness in Research-Informed Theatre. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2016. Grewal, Sara Hakeem. Urdu through Its Others: Ghazal, Canonization, and Translation. PhD dissertation, University of Michigan (USA), 2016. Grossen, Bastien. L’indicible à travers les oeuvres de quelques compositeurs espagnols contemporains [The Unspeakable through the Works of Some Contemporary Spanish Composers]. PhD dissertation, Université de Bourgogne (France). In French. Gulya, Jason. Enlightenment Allegory: Adapting the Allegorical Form in British Literature, 1660–1750. PhD dissertation, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey–New Brunswick (USA), 2016.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Guyker, Robert William, Jr. Myth in Translation: The Ludic Imagination in Contemporary Video Games. PhD dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute (USA), 2016. Hadizadeh, Reza. Towards a Poetics of Fiction: A Study of the Campus Novels of David Lodge. PhD dissertation, University of Mysore (India), 2016. Hegele, Arden A. Reading Autopsy: The Medical Practice of Romantic Literature. PhD dissertation, Columbia University (USA), 2016. Heringer, Seth. Worlds Colliding: A Theological Critique of the Historical Method. PhD dissertation, Fuller Theological Seminary, Center for Advanced Theological Study (USA), 2016. Herrero-Puertas, Manuel. Crippling the Body Politic: Disability and Nation-Making in Nineteenth-Century American Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin–Madison (USA), 2016. Hertz, Jason. Autobiography, Ethnography: The Writing of Native and American Lives in the Twentieth Century. PhD dissertation, University of Nebraska–Lincoln (USA), 2016. Hoenshell, Nicholas. A Director’s Approach to Ken Ludwig’s “Moon over Buffalo.” M.F.A. thesis, Baylor University (USA), 2016. Holmes, Steven. Exploding Empire: Post-Apocalyptic Representations 1979–2016. PhD dissertation, University of Hawai’i at Manoa (USA), 2016. Hopwood, Mahlika. God, Self, and Fellow: Community in the Religious Literature of the Middle Ages and Renaissance. PhD dissertation, Fordham University (USA), 2016. Hudson, Renee Lynn. Revolutionary Futures: Romance and the Limits of Transnational Forms 1910–1986. PhD dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles (USA), 2016. Hunt, Stephanie Elizabeth. The Forms of Nature: Poetry and the Limits of Politics in Early Modern England. PhD dissertation, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey–New Brunswick (USA), 2016. James, Emma R. Telling Tales: Narrative Semiotics in the Music of Béla Bartók. PhD dissertation, University of Rochester (USA), 2016. Jaworski, Cheryl Lynn. Etchings on the Self: Neuropsychoanalysis and the Scene of Reading, from Austen to Woolf. PhD dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara (USA), 2016. Joannette, Karen. La métaphore et la comparaison ironiques dans quatre recueils de Patrice Desbiens [The Ironic Metaphor and Comparison in Four Collections by Patrice Desbiens]. MA thesis, McGill University (Canada), 2016. In French. Jones, Trevin. African American Prison Writers: Masculinity, Identity, and Spirituality. PhD dissertation, St. Louis University (USA), 2016.

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Kala, K. The Self-Other Problematic and Post-Coloniality: A Study of Wole Soyinka. PhD dissertation, Bharathidasan University (India), 2016. Kaminsky, Norma G. Impure Memory, Imperfect Justice: A Comparison of Post-Repression Fiction across the South Atlantic. PhD dissertation, University of Washington (USA), 2016. Kaupp, Steffen. Transcultural Satire in German Fiction of Turkish Migration: Self-deprecation, Ethnic Impersonation, Intertextuality. PhD dissertation, University of North Carolina (USA), 2016. Kaur, Maninderjit. Manmohan Bawa da galap. PhD dissertation, Guru Nanak Dev University (India), 2016. Klemens Lambert, Joseph. The Son’s Impasse: Paternal Authority in the Works of Franz Kafka and Virgilio Piñera. MA thesis, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras (USA), 2016. Knotová, Tereza. Překročit okrsek světa: K poetice bytí na cestě v románu střední Evropy druhé poloviny 20. století [Across the Line of the World: On Poetics of Being on the Road in the Central European Novel of the Second Half of the Twentieth Century]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2016. In Czech. Kocan Salamon, Kristina. Post-9/11 America: Poetic and Cultural Responses. PhD dissertation, University of Mariboru (Slovenia), 2016. Kokate, Netaji Bharat. Myths in the Selected Novels of Salman Rushdie. PhD dissertation, Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth University (India), 2016. Kraljačić, Dejan Nikolaj. Postmodernizam i moderni film sa posebnim osvrtom na period od 1970. godine do danas [Postmodernism and Modern, with Special Attention to the Period 1970 until Today]. PhD dissertation, University of Belgrade (Serbia), 2016. In Croatian. Kramer, Lynn. Familial Betrayal and Trauma in Select Plays of Shakespeare, Racine, and the Corneilles. PhD dissertation, University of South Carolina (USA), 2016. Krištofíková, Klára. Ženy očima Toni Morrison [Women through Toni Morrison’s Eyes]. Bachelor’s thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2016. In Czech. Krotthammer, Andrea. Quelle quête identitaire, “sti”? Les “winners” québécois s’affirment dans les films de Xavier Dolan [What identity quest, “sti”? The “Winners” of Quebec Are Asserting Themselves in Xavier Dolan’s Films]. Diplomarbeit thesis, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck (Austria), 2016. In French. Lagunas, Manuel Barra. La enfermedad en las literaturas hispánicas de Fin de siècle: De Subremesa y Diario de un enfermo [Disease in Fin-de-Siècle Hispanic Literatures: De Subremesa and Diary of a Sick Person]. PhD dissertation, University of Barcelona (Spain), 2016.

682

The Reception of Northrop Frye

Lamont, Elizabeth. The Library under the Sun: Knowledge and Vanity in Umberto Eco’s The Name of the Rose. MA thesis, Liberty University (USA), 2016. Landaveri, Alberto. Una mirada a la narrativa arguediana desde la perspectiva del ecocriticismo [A Look at the José María Arguediana Narrative from the Perspective of Ecocriticism]. PhD dissertation, University of California, Irvine (USA), 2016. In Spanish. Lavender-Smith, Yael Nezer. Interfictional Identities: Transformation and Dissimulation in the Early Modern Period. PhD dissertation, City University of New York (USA), 2016. Leblond, Diane. Optiques de la fiction: Pour une analyse des dispositifs visuels de quatre romans britanniques contemporains—Time’s Arrow de Martin Amis, Gut Symmetries de Jeanette Winterson, Cloud Atlas de David Mitchell, Clear de Nicola Barker [Optics of Fiction: For an Analysis of the Visual Features of Four Contemporary British Novels—Martin Amis’ Time’s Arrow, Gut Symmetries by Jeanette Winterson, Cloud Atlas by David Mitchell, Clear by Nicola Barker]. Doctoral thesis, Université Paris Diderot (France), 2016. In French. Li, Lily. Chinese Writers Writing Abroad: Allegories of Diasporic Identity in Transition. PhD dissertation, Indiana University (USA), 2016. Linhardt, Alex Lloyd. The Imaginary Encyclopedia: The Novel and the Reference Work in the Age of Reason. PhD dissertation, Harvard University (USA), 2016. Liubinskas, Susann. The Ethnographic Character of Romans: The Dichotomies of Law–Faith and Jew–Gentile in Light of Greco-Roman and Hellenistic Jewish Ethnography. D.Min. thesis, Asbury Theological Seminary (USA), 2016. Liungman, Valdemar. The Atmosphere is Badly Wrong: Irony on a Narrative and Discursive Level in Martin Amis’ “Time’s Arrow” and “The Zone of Interest.” BA thesis Uppsala University (Sweden), 2016. Lo, Ka Tat. John Keats’s Poetics of Melancholy. M.Phil. thesis, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 2016. London, Daniel DeForest. Where Lambs May Wade and Wolves Can Swim: Jesus’s Self-giving Response to the Question of Suffering in John 9:1–10:21. PhD dissertation, Graduate Theological Union (USA), 2016. Ludewig, Julia. Academic Writing as Genre: A Case Study of New Critical Writing Practices. PhD dissertation, State University of New York at Binghamton (USA), 2016. McCarthy, David. On the Appearance of the Comedy LP, 1957–1973. PhD dissertation, City University of New York, Graduate Center (USA), 2016. Mancus, Shannon Davies. Appealing to Better Natures: Genre and the Politics of Performance in the Modern

American Environmental Movement. PhD dissertation, George Washington University (USA), 2016. Mašatová, Nina. Vzkriesenie Ježíša z Nazareta ako otázka hermeneutická [Resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth as a Question of Hermeneutics]. Hussite Theological Faculty, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2016. In Slovak. Meeks, Jennifer Lobo. Speaking Wisdom Otherwise: The Role of Allegory in Early Greek Thought. PhD dissertation, Emory University (USA), 2016. Miller, Kathleen. [De]constructing Author, [re]defining Reader, [un]mapping Genre: The Making of an Architext. PhD dissertation, St. Louis University (USA), 2016. Millington, Jeremy Daniel. An Ethics of Engaging with Art: From Criticism to Conversation. PhD dissertation, Temple University (USA), 2016. Mitchell, Elise J. There’s No Place Like “Home”: Displacement, Domestic Space, and Ecological Consciousness in the Work of Elizabeth Gaskell and Susanna Moodie. PhD dissertation, Université du Quebec à Chicoutimi (Canada), 2016. Mlynář, Jakub. Identita mezi pamětí a vyprávěním: Sociologická analýza [Identity between Memory and Narrative: A Sociological Analysis]. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2016. In Czech. Moir, Amalia C. Mythopoeia Sylvatica: A Critical Topographical Exploration of The Once and Future Forests of North America Through Six Witness Trees. MA thesis, Trent University (Canada), 2016. Molde, Klas Erik. Enchantment and Embarrassment in the Lyric. PhD dissertation, Cornell University (USA), 2016. Morales, Jon. Christ, Shepherd of the Nations: The Nations as Narrative Character and Audience in the Apocalypse. PhD dissertation, Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary (USA), 2016. Mordhorst, Eric J. Rolling Water: A Journey through the American River Pastoral in the Twentieth Century. MA thesis, New Mexico Highlands University (USA), 2016. Muzhchil, Andrey D. The Son and the Shoot: A Utopian-Eschatological Interpretation of Isaiah 9:1–7 and 11:1–16. PhD dissertation, Dallas Theological Seminary (USA), 2016. Nance-Carroll, Niall C. The Stuff of Everyday Life: A Bakhtinian Reading of the Prosaic Worlds of A.A. Milne’s “Winnie-the-Pooh” and “The House at Pooh Corner,” Rainbow Rowell’s “Fangirl,” and David Lodge’s “Souls and Bodies.” PhD dissertation, Illinois State University (USA), 2016. Nelson, Trevor Rand. The Dissident Dame Alternative Feminist Methodologies and the Music of Ethel Smyth. MA thesis, Michigan State University (USA), 2016. Olszewska, Agnieszka Anna. Contemplative Values of Urban Parks and Gardens: Applying Neuroscience to Landscape Architecture. Doctorate of Landscape

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Architecture dissertation, Universidade do Porto (Portugal), 2016. O’Neil, Peggy M. Ethics for Aspiring Entrepreneurs: Finding Education in Poetics. PhD dissertation, University of Western Ontario (Canada), 2016. Ostendorf, Sarah Catherine. “Living in Posterity”: Life, Death, and Futurity in Medieval and Early Modern English Literature. PhD dissertation, New York University (USA), 2016. Ottinger, Aaron J. The Role of Geometry in Wordsworth’s “Science of Feelings.” PhD dissertation, University of Washington (USA), 2016. Owen, Mark. The Spatial Dynamics of Shakespearean Drama. PhD dissertation, Loyola University Chicago (USA), 2016. Parke, Elizabeth Chamberlin. Infrastructures of Critique: Art and Visual Culture in Contemporary Beijing (1978–2012). PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2016. Pena, Nichole E. “Subject to all passions”: Representing Women’s Emotions in Early Modern English Drama. PhD dissertation, Ball State University (USA), 2016. Peterson, Joannah Lynn. Re-Envisioning the Workings of Text and Image: “Yoru no Nezame” and Late-Heian Literature and Art. PhD dissertation, Indiana University (USA), 2016. Pitetti, Connor Matthew. The City at the End of the World: Eschatology and Ecology in Twentieth-Century Science Fiction and Architecture. PhD dissertation, State University of New York at Stony Brook (USA), 2016. Preston, Charles Scott. Writing a More “Samskrta” India: Religion, Culture, and Politics in V. Raghavan’s Twentieth-Century Sanskrit Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Chicago (USA), 2016. Pyanzina, Vera. Autorský mýtus v postmoderním románu [Writer’s Myth in the Postmodern Novel]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2016. In Czech. Qu Dong. A Study of Harold Bloom’s New Aesthetic Criticism. PhD dissertation, Nankai University (China), 2016. In Chinese. Radek, Kimberly M. Using Fantasy to Save Reality, or the Importance of the Quest to Understanding Gendered and Religious Identity Construction. PhD dissertation, Union Institute and University (USA), 2016. Radway, John. The Fate of Epic in Twentieth-Century American Poetry. PhD dissertation, Harvard University (USA), 2016. Rampelli, Melissa. The Form of Fits: Proto-Feminism in the British Realist Novel, 1798–1887. PhD dissertation, St. John’s University (USA), 2016. Ransom, Emily Ann. Redeeming Complaint in Tudor and Stuart Devotional Lyric. PhD dissertation, University of Notre Dame (USA), 2016.

683

Rawl, Virginia Claire. To Walk With You Through Vanity Fair: The Rhetoric of Satire and Sentiment in the Novels of Thackeray, Trollope, Gaskell, and Dickens. PhD dissertation, Baylor University (USA), 2016. Ricchi, Daria. From ‘Storia” to History (and Back): Fiction, Literature, and Historiography in Postwar Italian Architecture. PhD dissertation, Princeton University, 2016. Rivera Rios, Limari. Ética y poética en el deslinde de poesía y canción: Silvio Rodríguez y la (po)ética del amor revolucionario [Ethics and Poetry in the Demarcation of Poetry and Song: Silvio Rodríguez and the (Po) Ethics of Revolutionary Love]. PhD dissertation, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras (USA), 2016. In Spanish. Romero, Aurora Belle. Heute hat ein Gedicht mich wieder erschaffen [Today a Poem Created Me Again]: Origins of Poetic Identity in Rose Ausländer. PhD dissertation, Vanderbilt University (USA), 2016. In German. Rösslerová, Eva. William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet on Screen. BA thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2016. Rubin, Michael J. The Meaning of “Beauty” and Its Transcendental Status in the Metaphysics of Thomas Aquinas. PhD dissertation, Catholic University of America (USA), 2016. Russo, Teresa. Memory, Image-Making, and Literary Structure in Dante, Chaucer, and Christine de Pizan. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2016. Sahin, Esra Gokce. Rakugo Humor: The Performance of Memory, Mime and Mockery in Urban Tokyo. PhD dissertation, Harvard University (USA), 2016. Sam, C. Bibin. Critical Exploration of the Use of Myth and Philosophy in the Plays of Girish Karnad. PhD dissertation, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University (India), 2016. Samson, F. Socio-Cultural Impact in the Works of Githa Hariharan. PhD dissertation, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University (India), 2016. Samuelson, Charles. Baisiés ceste feuille’: Queering Rhetoric in Verse Romances and the “Dits,” from Chrétien de Troyes to Christine de Pizan. PhD dissertation, Princeton University (USA), 2016. Santoro-Murphy, Stacey V. Asylum Literature and Patient Narrators: Authors, Authorities, and Advocates. PhD dissertation, Indiana University of Pennsylvania (USA), 2016. Sarno, Megan Elizabeth. Symbolism and Catholicism in French Music at the Time of the Separation of Church and State (1888–1925). PhD dissertation, Princeton University (USA), 2016. Schrems, Tracy Wasson. With Great Power Comes Great Responsibility: Contemporary and Superhero Films as Potential Pedagogy for Literary Analysis in College-Level Developmental English Classrooms. PhD dissertation, State University of New York at Buffalo (USA), 2016.

684

The Reception of Northrop Frye

Schroeder, Jason M. The Singer and the Song: The Uses of Swedish Ballads in the Nineteen Century. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin–Madison (USA), 2016. Schwartz, Catherine. Barometric Books: The Atmosphere in Nineteenth-Century English and French Novels. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2016. Sessions, Gabriel. They Feel Thought as Immediately as a Rose: Modernism, Philosophy, and Utopian Collaborations. PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania (USA), 2016. Simon, Marilyn Dorothy. “It hath no bottom” and Is “beyond beyond”: Shakespeare on the Mystery of Love. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2016. Skafidas, Michael. A Passage from Brooklyn to Ithaca: The Sea, the City and the Body in the Poetics of Walt Whitman and C.P. Cavafy. PhD dissertation, City University of New York (USA), 2016. Skelton, Stella F.B. The Afterlife of Survival: A Thematic Guide to Contemporary Canadian Short Fiction. PhD dissertation, Sheffield Hallam University (United Kingdom), 2016. Škundrić, Mirko. The Archetype of Modern Science-Fiction and Fantasy Heroes. MA thesis, University of Mariboru (Slovenia), 2016. Šrić, Mirko. The Archetype of Modern Science-Fiction and Fantasy Heroes. MA thesis, Univerza v Mariboru (Slovenia), 2016. Slaboch, Matthew W. Abandoning Hope, Questioning Change: German, Russian, and American Critics of “Progress” Compared. PhD dissertation, Indiana University (USA), 2016. Smith, Matthew Burdick. Take (Meta) Physic, Pomp: “King Lear” and (Dis) Oriented Ontology. MA thesis, University of Alabama (USA), 2016. Smith, Travis. Place Images of the American West in Western Films. PhD dissertation, Kansas State University (USA), 2016. Smith, Tyler James. The Fourth Gospel and the Construction of Minds in Ancient Historiography, Biography, Romance, and Drama. PhD dissertation, Yale University (USA), 2016. Smither, Devon. Bodies of Anxiety: The Female Nude in Modern Canadian Art, 1913–1945. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2016. Smyčka, Václav. Historická imaginace pozdního osvícenství [The Historical Imagination of Late Enlightenment]. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2016. In Czech. Söderberg, Sofia. La caduta tragica dell’uomo: Archetipi letterari in Dino Buzzati [The Tragic Fall of Man: Literary Archetypes in Dino Buzzati]. BA thesis, Stockholm University (Sweden), 2016. In Italian.

Sohn, Ilsu. Ageing and Imperial Mobility in the British Novel, 1845–1945. PhD dissertation, University of Washington (USA), 2016. Spellmire, Adam. Unfinished Quests from Chaucer to Spenser. PhD dissertation, Tufts University (USA), 2016. Spencer, Andrew J. Theological Perspective for Environmental Ethics: An Analysis of Four Christian Approaches. PhD dissertation, Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary (USA), 2016. Spong, Stephanie D. “The bellows / of experience”: The Modernist Love Poem and Its Legacy. PhD dissertation, University of New Mexico (USA), 2016. Starck, Lindsay Rebecca. “News that stays news”: Transformations of Literature, Gossip, and Community in Modernity. PhD dissertation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA), 2016. Steakley, Erica Brown. ‘What Rough Beast’: The Evolution of Cormac McCarthy’s Prophet of Destruction. PhD dissertation, Catholic University of America (USA), 2016. Steele, Brett. Romancing the Ring: Romance Tropes in “The Lord of the Rings.” MA thesis, University of Pretoria (South Africa), 2016. Stephan, Matthias. The Postmodern Structure of Consciousness. PhD dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (USA), 2016. Straková, Kateřina. Mythical Method in T.S. Eliot´s “The Waste Land.” BA thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2016. Stroud, Cara E. Juxtaposition, Allusion, and Quotation in Narrative Approaches to Music Composed after 1975. PhD dissertation, Florida State University (USA), 2016. Tallon, Laura. “To vindicate her beauty’s cause”: The Sister Arts and Women Poets, 1680–1800. PhD dissertation, Boston University (USA), 2016. Templanza, J. Antonio. Know to Know No More: The Composition of Knowledge in Milton’s Epic Poetry. PhD dissertation, Yale University (USA), 2016. Thompson, Brandon. Now and Never. M.F.A. thesis, University of Alaska Anchorage (USA), 2016. Tromp, Alicia. Les écrits tardifs de Mark Twain: Un corpus illisible? [The Late Writings of Mark Twain: An Illegible Corpus?]. Doctoral thesis, Université Sorbonne Paris cité/Université Paris-Diderot (France), 2016. In French. Ungar, Melanie April. Gender and Humor in German Literature of the Fin de Siècle. PhD dissertation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA), 2016. Valverde, Anita Marie. Gossip in Tragic Play: From Aeschylus to Eugene O’Neill. PhD dissertation, Indiana University (USA), 2016. Van Overmeire, Ben. Encounter Dialogue: The Literary History of a Zen Buddhist Genre. PhD dissertation, University of California, San Diego (USA), 2016.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Vander Dussen, Marianne. Telling Stories: Narrative Pathways to Character, Empathy and Belonging. M.Ed. thesis, Nipissing University (Canada), 2016. Vaněk, Jakub. K topologii lyrizované prózy: Metafora prostoru v textech V. Linhartové [Subjective Topology of Lyrical Prose: Spatial Metaphors in V. Linhartova’s Prosaic Fragments]. Bachelor’s thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2016. In Czech. Vanek, Morgan Erin. Changeable Conditions: British Writing About the Weather in Canada, 1700–1775. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2016. Vidaković, Milan. Questions in Narratives from Oral Tradition to Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Washington (USA), 2016. Volk, Richard. Menippean Satire in Geoffrey Chaucer’s “Troilus and Criseyde.” MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2016. Walker, Zachary S. Populism and Myth in the Rhetoric of Elizabeth Warren. MA thesis, University of Kansas (USA), 2016. Wallis, Adam Glen. Satire as Public Discourse in Religion. PhD dissertation, Boston University (USA), 2016. Wanyonyi, Mukhata Chrispinus. Ishara na uashiriaji kama nyenzo ya mtindo, maana na kiwakilishi cha itikadi katika riwaya ya Nyuso za Mwanamke [Signs and Indicators of a Type of Style, Meaning and Representation of the Ideology in the Universe of the Woman’s Face]. Hochschule thesis, Maasai Mara University (Kenya), 2016. In Swahili. Waters, Raymond. Relocation of Culture: American Images of Japan 1945–1994. PhD dissertation, University of Iowa (USA), 2016. Welburn, Jude. The Bounds of Human Empire: Early Modern English Utopias and the Early Capitalist Imagination. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2016. West, John Haynal. The Rule of Choice: How Economic Theories from the 1950s Became Technologically Embedded, Politically Contested Urban Policy in New York City from 2002–2013. PhD dissertation, Columbia University (USA), 2016. Whitworth, Lauran Ellene. Environmental Eros: From Ecofeminism to Eco-Queer. PhD dissertation, Emory University (USA), 2016. Wong, Suk Kwan. A Categorization of Jesus’s Parables: An Examination of Example Stories. PhD dissertation, Dallas Theological Seminary (USA), 2016. Workman, Sarah R. The Strange Play of Traumatic Reality: Enchantment in Jewish American Literature. PhD dissertation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA), 2016 Wright, Kristen Daniell. “A Monster Turned to Manly Shape”: Monstrosity on the Renaissance Stage. PhD dissertation, Catholic University of America (USA), 2016.

685

Zelnik, Eran. The Comical Style in America: Humor, Settler Colonialism, and the Making of a White Man’s Democracy, 1740–1840. PhD dissertation, University of California, Davis (USA), 2016. Zimmerly, Stephen M. The Sidekick Comes of Age: Tracing the Growth of Secondary Characters in Young Adult Literature. PhD dissertation, Indiana University of Pennsylvania (USA), 2016. 2017 Adare-Tasiwoopa ápi, Sierra Sterling. Color Me Red: Communicating Indigenous Cultural (In)Visibility in Children’s Literature 1682 to 1824. PhD dissertation, State University of New York at Buffalo (USA), 2017. Ambrose, Steven Robert. Lesbians; How Novel. PhD dissertation, Michigan State University (USA), 2017. Andrews, Sherry Marie. The Impact of a Book Flood on Reading Motivation and Reading Achievement of Fourth Grade Students. PhD dissertation, Oakland University (USA), 2017. Apostle, Praxia S. Perceptions of Moral Identity Development through the Reading Experiences of Adolescent Girls in an International School Setting: An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. Ed.D. dissertation, Northeastern University (USA), 2017. Babcock, Trevor. Environment and Identity in Early British Literature. PhD dissertation, Indiana University (USA), 2017. Ballaguy, Cyrille. La question des nouvelles médiations dans la valorisation des collections muséales des Hauts-deFrance: L’exemple d’œuvres inspirées des épisodes de la mythologie classique dans les musées des beaux-arts [The Question of New Mediations in the Valorization of the Museum Collections of the Hauts-de-France: The Example of Works Inspired by the Episodes of Classical Mythology in the Museums of the Fine Arts]. Doctoral thesis, Université Charles de Gaulle–Lille III (France), 2017. In French. Bandurski, Karolina Agnieszka. Representations of Monstrosity, Metamorphoses and Physical Deformity in Italian Renaissance Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Chicago (USA), 2017. Bartee, Joshua D. Reality and Nature in Robinson Jeffers. PhD dissertation, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (USA), 2017. Bender, Jacob. Latin Labyrinths, Celtic Knots: Modernism and the Dead in Irish and Latin American Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Iowa (USA), 2017. Bendová, Adéla. Der biblische Hiob und seine Rezeption in der deutschsprachigen Literatur. [The Biblical Job and His Reception in German-Speaking Literature]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2017. In German.

686

The Reception of Northrop Frye

Benping, Ji. The Interpretation of the Theme of Agatha Christie’s Novel The Goddess of Vengeance from the Perspective of Frye’s Theory of Archetypal Criticism. MA thesis, Shandong Normal University (China), 2017. Berkebile, Jennifer. A Study in “Songs”: Comparative Analyses of 20th-Century Settings of William Blake’s “Songs of Innocence and of Experience”: Selections from Vaughan Williams’s “Ten Blake Songs,” Britten’s “Songs and Proverbs of William Blake,” and Rochberg’s “Blake Songs”: For Soprano and Chamber Ensemble. D.M.A. dissertation, West Virginia University (USA), 2017. Binoj, Mathew. Concept of Redemption in Nathaniel Hawthorne and in Graham Greene: A Comparative Perspective in the Light of the Catholic Theme of Redemption as Elucidated by John De Matha and the Trinitarians. PhD dissertation, Bharathiar University (India), 2017. Blumberg, Angie. Our Real Life in Tombs: Representing the Archaeological Encounter at the Fin de Siècle. PhD dissertation, Saint Louis University (USA), 2017. Borovička, Lukáš. Světové názory a interpretační komunity v literárním poli Československa 30. let 20. Století [World Views and Interpretive Communities in the Literary Field of Czechoslovakia in the 1930s]. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2017. In Czech. Boutet, Anne. Les recueils français de nouvelles du XVIe siècle, laboratoires des romans comiques [The French Collections of News of the Sixteenth Century: Laboratories for Comic Novels]. Université à Tours, in le cadre de École doctorale Sciences de l’homme et de la société (Tours), in partnership with the Centre d’études supérieures de la Renaissance (France), 2017. In French. Brenna, Christopher E.J. Exodus as New Creation, Israel as Foundling: Stories in the History of an IdeaI. PhD dissertation, Marquette University (USA), 2017. Brevik, Marit Katrine. The Mother, the Virgin, and the Witch—Nature and the Metaphysical Romance in Margaret Atwood’s Speculative Fiction. MA thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet (Norway), 2017. Brist, Heather Erin. Blake’s “Milton”: Footsteps of Chaos and Order. PhD dissertation, Northeastern University (USA), 2017. Bronsted, John C. Foundations of a Scientific Cognitive Theory for Literary Criticism. PhD dissertation, Florida Atlantic University (USA), 2017. Browne, Sharmaine Eunice. Ecologies of Embodied Minds Embedded: Radical Romantic Perspectives on Architectures of Technology. PhD dissertation, City University of New York (USA), 2017. Bruen, Garrett. Impressionist Fiction and Detective Fiction: Literary Foils in Ford Madox Ford’s Oeuvre. PhD dissertation, Claremont Graduate University (USA), 2017.

Buracker, William J., II. Abner Son of Ner: Characterization and Contribution of Saul’s Chief General. PhD dissertation, Catholic University of America (USA), 2017. Calver, Harriet. Modern Fiction and its Phantoms. PhD dissertation, Princeton University (USA), 2017. Cannavino, Thomas Patrick. Proved Upon Our Pulses: Romanticism and the Life of Things Today. PhD dissertation, University of Minnesota (USA), 2017. Chamberlain, Shannon Frances. Character in the Age of Adam Smith. PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley (USA), 2017. Chauffour, Julien. Satire et Modernité dans La Vie Électrique (1893) D’albert Robida et dans Réussir Son Hypermodernité et Sauver le Reste de Sa Vie en 25 Étapes Faciles (2010) de Nicolas Langelier Suivi de La Gamberge Virulente, Fiction Satirique [Satire and Modernity in La Vie Électrique (1893) of Albert Robida and in Successful Hypermodernity and Save the Rest of Life in 25 Easy Steps (2010) by Nicolas Langelier; Follow-up of the Virulent Gamberge, Satirical Fiction. MA thesis, Université du Quebec a Rimouski (Canada), 2017. In French. Chen Jun. Four Dimensions of Lyricality in John Keats’s Lyric Poems. PhD dissertation, Shanghai International Studies University (China), 2017. Clinton, Gregory Stephen Wells. The Architecture of Safety: Bunker Mentalities and the Construction of Safe Space in America. PhD dissertation, State University of New York at Stony Brook (USA), 2017. Coelho, Bruno Henrique. Luuanda delenda est: A destruição literária da cidade de Luanda em Os transparentes, de Ondjaki [Luuanda Delenda Est: The Literary Destruction of the City of Luanda in The Transparents, by Ondjaki]. MA thesis, University of São Paulo (Brazil), 2017. In Portuguese. Collins, Catherine A. “Reader, I Married Him”: Rethinking Marriage, Morality, and Household Affairs in “Jane Eyre” and “Adam Bede.” MA thesis, University of South Alabama (USA), 2017. Coulomb, Olivia. Stases et statues: L’art de l’immobile dans le théâtre élisabéthain et jacobéen [Stases and Statues: The Art of the Immobile in the Elizabethan and Jacobean Theatre]. Université Clermont Auvergne (France), 2017. In French. Crumbo, Daniel J. The Comedy of Trauma: Confidence, Complicity, and Coercion in Modern Romance. PhD dissertation, University of Arizona (USA), 2017. Dedu-Constantin, Florentina. The Good Distance: Proust and Sociability. PhD dissertation, University of Washington (USA), 2017. Dixon, Sean. Folklore and Mythology in Neil Gaiman’s “American Gods.” MA thesis, University of Oregon (USA), 2017.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Douglas, Jason G. Marginal Cost: The Business Novel and the Invention of Modern Economics. PhD dissertation, University of Illinois at Chicago (USA), 2017. Duque-Mahecha, Juliana. A New Culinary Culture in Colombia: Equality and Identity in the Interpretation of Traditional Cuisines. PhD dissertation, Cornell University (USA), 2017. Durand-Rous, Caroline. Le totem réinventé: Exploration de l’identité et redéfinition de soi dans la fiction amérindienne contemporaine [The Totem Reinvented: Exploration of Identity and Redefinition of Self in Contemporary Native American Fiction]. Doctoral thesis, Université de Perpignan (France), 2017. In French. Emanuel, Sarah. Roasting Rome: Humor, Resistance, and Jewish Cultural Persistence in the Book of Revelation. PhD dissertation, Drew University (USA), 2017. Engel, Adam J. Between Two Worlds: The Functions of Liminal Space in Twentieth-Century Literature. PhD dissertation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA), 2017. Esterson, Rebecca Kline. Secrets of Heaven: Allegory, Jews, the European Enlightenment and the Case of Emanuel Swedenborg. PhD dissertation, Boston University (USA), 2017. Estrada Orozco, Luis Miguel. El boxeador: Genealogía y transformación de un ícono en la literatura mexicana de los siglos XX y XXI [The Boxer: Genealogy and Transformation of an Icon in Mexican Literature from the 20th and 21st Centuries]. PhD dissertation, University of Cincinnati (USA), 2017. In Spanish. Etman, Colleen. Feminist Shakespeares: Adapting Shakespeare for a Modern Audience in the Hogarth Shakespeare Project. MA thesis, College of Charleston (USA), 2017. Farage, Amanda Sydel. Fatal Books: Dangerous Reading in Victorian England, 1850–1900. PhD dissertation, Washington University in St. Louis (USA), 2017. Felten, Ronald J., Jr. Just Say No: Authority, Disobedience, and Individuation in Some of Sam Peckinpah’s Minor Films. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee (USA), 2017. Fiedler, Elizabeth Anne. An Investigation into the Detective: The Protagonist’s Power to Challenge, Shape and Mend through Social Critique. PhD dissertation, University of Chicago (USA), 2017. Findeisen, Christopher. Absent-Minded Forms: Academic Novels, American Meritocracy, and Other Educational Fictions. PhD dissertation, University of Illinois at Chicago (USA), 2017. Fioravanti, Solange Araújo. Percursos do trãgico nos contos de Miguel Torga [Paths of the Tragic in the Tales of Miguel Torga]. MA thesis, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (Brazil), 2017. In Portuguese.

687

Fleming, Margaret Maggie. Hope in Western Philosophy. MA thesis, Queen’s University (Canada), 2017. Fonseca Góngora, Blanca Delia. El poema en prosa y los orígenes del microrrelato en Hispanoamérica [The Poem in Prose and the Origins of the Micro-Story in Spanish America]. PhD dissertation, Universidad de Córdoba (Spain), 2017. In Spanish. Fry, Katherine Lynn. The Aesthetics of Redemption in fin de siècle Literature and the Arts. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2017. Gama, Vítor Castelões. Laurence Sterne e Luiz Ruffato: Convergências/divergências [Laurence Sterne and Luiz Ruffato: Convergences/Divergences]. MA thesis, Universidade de Brasília (Brazil), 2017. In Portuguese. Garascia, Ann McKenzie. “Freaking” the Archive: Archiving Possibilities with the Victorian Freak Show. PhD dissertation, University of California, Riverside (USA), 2017. Garcia, Shelley Nicole. Genre Matters: Transgression, Innovation, and Transformation in the Writings of Gloria Anzaldúa, Sandra Cisneros, and Cherríe Moraga. PhD dissertation, University of California, Riverside (USA), 2017. Getz, Johan Fredrick. Avhandling: Tragediens skjebne i romanens tidsalder Tradisjonssonderinger i lys av Thomas Hardy og William Faulkner [Thesis: The Fate of Tragedy in the Age of the Novel: Traditional Soundings in Light of Thomas Hardy and William Faulkner]. PhD dissertation, University of Bergen (Norway), 2017. In Norwegian. Goldbach, Joel. Not without Literature: Joyce with Lacan in the Reinvention of Psychoanalysis. PhD dissertation, State University of New York at Buffalo (USA), 2017. Gomes, Geam Karlo. Assunção de Salviano na antinomia comunismo-cristianismo: A busca do paraíso perdido [Assumption of Salviano and the Antinomy Communism-Christianity: The Search for the Lost Paradise]. PhD dissertation, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura e Interculturalidad, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba (Brazil), 2017. In Portuguese. Gonzales, Gloria G. Chronotopes and Intertexts: Nation-Making in the Literary Representations of the Philippine Revolution of 1896/1898. PhD dissertation, University of California, Riverside (USA), 2017. Gonzalez, Maria. Création et destruction d’une ville imaginaire: Santa Maria dans l’œuvre de Juan Carlos Onetti [Creation and Destruction of an Imaginary City: Santa Maria in the Work of Juan Carlos Onetti]. Doctoral thesis, Université de Montpellier (France), 2017. In French. Gorakh, Shahane Dattatray. Concept of Love in the Selected Novels of Julian Barnes. PhD dissertation, Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth (India), 2017. Gradert, Kenyon. Gospel Writ in Steel: Puritan Genealogies in the Abolitionist Imagination. PhD dissertation, Washington University in St. Louis (USA), 2017.

688

The Reception of Northrop Frye

Gurman, Elissa. Determined Consent: Female Choice and the Love Plot in British and American Realist Fiction, 1860–1918. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2017. Hancock, Laura. Close Reading: Teacher Perceptions in the Content Areas in Grades 6–12. PhD dissertation, San Diego State University (USA), 2017. Haynes, Christopher James. Convergence and Contest: Humanism, Comic Books, and Higher Education in the Digital Age. PhD dissertation, University of Colorado at Boulder (USA), 2017. Henry, Patrick Thomas. Resisting Tyranny, Resisting Stasis: British Modernism, the Artist-Critic, and the Function of Criticism, 1895–1940. PhD dissertation, George Washington University (USA), 2017. Holden, R. Bradley. Milton between the Reformation and Enlightenment: Religion in the Age of Revolution. PhD dissertation, Yale University (USA), 2017. Honohan, Ailbhe. God’s “blood-curdling jokes” in Milton’s Paradise Lost. MA thesis, Dublin City University (Ireland), 2017. Horner, Withers Grant, II. The Heresy of John Milton, Calvinist: Reforming the Puritan Poet with Historical Theology, PhD dissertation, Claremont Graduate University (USA), 2017. Howard, Alison. “Une Réalité Plus Réelle Que Le Réel”: Reality Realer Than Real. The Persistence of Myth in Postwar French and Italian Fiction. PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania (USA), 2017. Howell, Jordan. Book Abridgment in Eighteenth-Century England. PhD dissertation, University of Delaware (USA), 2016. Hudek, Barry A. Book of Empire: The Political Bible of U.S. Literary Modernism. PhD dissertation, University of Mississippi (USA), 2017. Ilan, Lisa R. Theaters of Space and Time: The Museal Novels of H.R. Haggard: “King Solomon’s Mines,” “Allan Quatermain,” and “She: A History of Adventure.” PhD dissertation, University of Louisiana at Lafayette (USA), 2017. Isemonger, Holly. Constraint, Pleasure and Genre in Contemporary Poetics. M.Res. thesis, University of Western Sydney (Australia), 2017. James, John Patrick. Made Future: The Political Ecology of William Blake’s Milton. MA thesis, Georgetown University (USA), 2017. Jefferies, Leontine. Powerful Wounds: The Essential Mythological Formations for the Superhero/Heroine Archetype in American Popular Culture. PhD dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute (USA), 2017. Jensen, Darin Lee. Tilting at Windmills: Refiguring Graduate Education in English to Prepare Future Two-Year College Professionals. PhD dissertation, University of Nebraska—Lincoln (USA), 2017.

Jurkovič, Tomáš. Hledání hrdiny—izanagiovský mýtus jako interpretační klíč k postavám protagonistů Haruki Murakamiho [Search for the Hero—the Izanagi Myth; Theme as a Key to the Interpretation of Protagonists in Haruki Murakami’s Novels]. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2017. In Czech. Kau, Andrew McLain. Astraea’s Adversary: The Rivalry between Law and Literature in Elizabethan England. PhD dissertation, Yale University (USA), 2017. Kaur, Rajbir. Gurcharan Rampuri [Punjabi poet] kaav. PhD dissertation, Guru Nanak Dev University (India), 2017. Kawano, Kelley. Our Vile Age: Women and Class in the Interwar Novels of Nancy Mitford. PhD dissertation, City University of New York (USA), 2017. Kerr, Jonathan. Natures of Alterity in British Romanticism. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2017. Khan, Mosarrap Hossain. Muslim Fictions: Toward an Aesthetic of the Ordinary. PhD dissertation, New York University (USA), 2017. King, Jonathan. With Unveiled Beauty: Christological Contours of a Theological Aesthetic Approach to Theology. PhD dissertation, Trinity International University (USA), 2017. Kleive, Sunniva. Fra troløs til trofast: En analyse av ekteskapelig samliv i Sigrid Undsets Fru Marta Oulie (1907) og Den trofaste hustru (1936) [From Faithful to Faithful: An Analysis of Marital Cohabitation in Sigrid Undset’s Mrs. Marta Oulie (1907) and The Faithful Wife (1936)]. MA thesis, University of Bergen (Norway), 2017. In Norwegian. Korwin-Pawlowski, Wendy. Material Literacy: Alphabets, Bodies, and Consumer Culture. PhD dissertation, College of William and Mary (USA), 2017. Kuhl, Elizabeth Grace. The Dragon and the Cloister: History and Rhetoric in the Writing of Stephen of Rouen. PhD dissertation, Fordham University (USA), 2017. Kunsa, Ashley. Reconstructing the War in Iraq: Post-9/11 American War Fiction in Dialogue with Official-Media Discourse. PhD dissertation, Duquesne University (USA), 2017. Kwon, Hyeokil. Poetic and Prophetic Life in a Time of the Hidden God: A Comparative Study of Thomas Merton’s and Yun Dong-ju’s Spiritualities. PhD dissertation, Graduate Theological Union (USA), 2017. Lai, Sau Ming. The Cultural Practice of Hybridity: A Study of Romance in 1950s Hong Kong. PhD dissertation, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Hong Kong), 2017. Lee, Richard C. An Agential Exploration of Tragedy and Irony in Post-1945 Orchestral Works. PhD dissertation, Florida State University (USA), 2017. Liu, Qian. Reading Resonance in Tang Tales: Allegories and Beyond. PhD dissertation, Arizona State University (USA), 2017.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Lo Bue, Simone. Das Beamtentum in ausgewählten Werken N.V. Gogol’s und P. Villaggios im Hinblick auf Satire und Sozialkritik [The Civil Service in Selected Works N.V. Gogol and P. Villaggios with Regard to Satire and Social Criticism]. MA thesis, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz (Austria), 2017. In German. Louie, Linda Danielle. Repatriating Romance: Politics of Textual Transmission in Early Modern France. PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley (USA), 2017. Love, Timothy. In Defense of Biblical Literacy in English and American Literary Studies. MA thesis, University of Missouri–Columbia (USA), 2017. Luckner, Rita de Cassia Scocca. Etre o Bem e o Mal: Uma abordagem teológico-literária da ambivalência da natureza humana em Incidente em Antares, de Erico Verissimon [Between Good and Evil: A Theological-Literary Approach to the Ambivalence of Human Nature in an Incident from Antares de Erico Verissimo]. PhD dissertation, Universidade Metodista de São Paulo (Brazil), 2017. In Portuguese. Lutz, John Michael. Unhuman Encounters in Early Modern Drama. PhD dissertation, Indiana University (USA), 2017. McConnell, Matthew Clinton. Women’s Gathering: The Auchinleck Manuscript and Women’s Reading in 14th Century London. PhD dissertation, Cornell University (USA), 2017. McCutcheon, Paul. A Different Kind of Stranger: Foreign Bodies, Hybrids, and the Cultural Politics of Sex Offense. PhD dissertation, State University of New York at Buffalo (USA), 2017. Machado, Roberto Augusto. Le théâtre de Marcel Dubé: Une transformation dramaturgique [Marcel Dubé’s Theatre: A Dramaturgical Transformation]. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2017. In French. Maggart, Alison. Referential Play in “Serious” Music: Allusions to the Past in Several of Milton Babbitt’s Works from the Late 1980s. PhD dissertation, University of Southern California (USA), 2017. Maldonado Rivera, David. Encyclopedic Trends and the Making of Heresy in Late Ancient Christianity 360–460 C.E. PhD dissertation, Indiana University (USA), 2017. Manmeet, Kour. Shifting Paradigms: A Study of Works of Anita Desai, Bharati Mukherjee, Jhumpa Lahiri, and Kiran Desai. PhD dissertation, University of Jammu (India), 2017. Mattingly, Kate. Set in Motion: Dance Criticism and the Choreographic Apparatus. PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley (USA), 2017. Mazanec, Thomas J. The Invention of Chinese Buddhist Poetry: Poet-Monks in Late Medieval China (c. 760–960

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CE). PhD dissertation, Princeton University (USA), 2017. Mikulecký, Martin. Satiric Criticism of the English Government and the Enlightenment in Gulliver’s Travels by Jonathan Swift. BA thesis, University of Pardubice (Czech Republic), 2017. Milanes, Laura M. Narrating Economic Crises in the Media. An Analysis of the Media Coverage, in Colombia and in the United States, of Two Crises: The Great Recession (2008) and the Colombian Crisis of the End of the Century (1998). PhD dissertation, State University of New York at Albany (USA), 2017. Mills, Zachary William. Talking Drum: Chicago’s WVON Radio and the Sonorous Image of Black Lives, 1963–1983. PhD dissertation, Northwestern University (USA), 2017. Mištríková, Jana. Utópia v diele Aleja Carpentiera [The Concept of Utopia in the Work of Alejo Carpentier]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2017. In Slovak. Mitchell, Dianne. Unfolding Verse: Poetry as Correspondence in Early Modern England. PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania (USA), 2017. Morgan, Melissa Iretha. Choral Art Music as a Reflection of Prairie Identity. Doctorate of Musical Arts dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2017. Morton, Jason Read. The Creation of a “People’s Hero”: Vasilii Ivanovich Chapaev and the Fate of Soviet Popular History. PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley (USA), 2017. Moscatelli, Nicolò. Once Upon a Time: Romance and Ritual in the Works of Tommaso Landolfi and Andre Pieyre De Mandiargues. PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania (USA), 2017. Mugnier, Vincent. Chaos et création dans le Voyage en Orient de Gérard de Nerval. [Chaos and Creation in the Voyage en Orient by Gérard de Nerval]. Doctoral thesis, Université de la Réunion (France), 2017. In French. Mulligan, Christin Mary. Intimate Cartographies: Irish and ‘Diasporic Explorations of Gendered Space. PhD dissertation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA), 2017. Munoz, Lindsey Reuben. A Return to the Oikos: The Transformation of the Home in Modern Spain. PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania (USA), 2017. Myklebust, Kyrre. “Når jeg leser diktet, får jeg en følelse av at diktet bare forteller til meg, og at ingen andre hører eller ser det det jeg gjør.” Formidling av eldre lyrikk i skolen [“When I read the poem, I get a feeling that the poem only tells me, and that no one else hears or sees what I do.” Dissemination of Older Poems in School]. MA thesis, University of Bergen (Norway), 2017. In Norwegian. Nalencz, Leonard. The Lives of Astyanax: Romance and Recovery in Ariosto, Spenser, and Milton. PhD dissertation, Yale University (USA), 2017.

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The Reception of Northrop Frye

Nelsen, Vanessa. In the Palace of Possession: The Neobaroque Novel and the Pleasure of the Ghost. PhD dissertation, Emory University (USA), 2017. Nery, Carl A. History and Redemption in Experimental American Poetry after 1945. PhD dissertation, University of Tulsa (USA), 2017. Nutters, Daniel Rosenberg. Henry James and Romantic Revisionism: The Quest for the Man of Imagination in the Late Work. PhD dissertation, Temple University (USA), 2017. Olson, Crystal Maxine. The Hunger Games: A Heroine’s Hero’s Journey. BA thesis, Bethany Lutheran College (USA), 2017. O’Malley, Austin M. Poetry and Pedagogy: The Homiletic Verse of Farid al-Din ‘Attâr. PhD dissertation, University of Chicago (USA), 2017. Onufer, Petr. Kánon anglofonních literatur v českém kontextu [Canon of Anglophone Literatures in the Czech Context]. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2017. In Czech. Overton, Daniel Patrick. How to Build an Army: The Constitutive Utopian Rhetoric of Julius Wayland in the “Appeal to Reason.” PhD dissertation, University of Kansas (USA), 2017. Owens-Murphy, Katie. Lyrical Strategies: The Poetics of the Twentieth-Century American Novel. PhD dissertation, Pennsylvania State University (USA), 2017. Panjwani, Antum Amin. Representations of Muslim Cultures and Societies in Children’s Literature as a Curriculum Resource for Ontario Classrooms: Promises and Prospects. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2017. Park, Sunghoun. Preaching and Biblical Theology: A Theological Hermeneutic for Discovering Authorial Intent in Old Testament Narrative Using “the reproach of Egypt” in Joshua 5:2–9. PhD dissertation, Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary (USA), 2017. Parker, Brent Evan. The Israel-Christ-Church Typological Pattern: A Theological Critique of Covenant and Dispensational Theologies. PhD dissertation, Southern Baptist Theological Seminary (USA), 2017. Patrick, Mary Margaret Hughes. Creator/Destroyer: The Function of the Heroine in Post-Apocalyptic Feminist Speculative Fiction. PhD dissertation, University of Louisiana at Lafayette (USA), 2017. Perassoli, Sérgio Ricardo [UNESP]. O vicejar dos astros: A individuação da personagem Frodo em O Senhor dos Anéis [The Astounding of the Stars: The Individuation of the Character Frodo in The Lord of the Rings]. MA thesis, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Brazil), 2017. In Portuguese. Perkins, Christopher. Laughing from the Outside: Hipsters and American Stand-Up Comedy. PhD dissertation, Oklahoma State University (USA), 2017.

Pisarenko, Maria. Cultural Influences upon Soviet-Era Programmatic Piano Music for Children. D.MA dissertation, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (USA), 2017. Ponten, Frederic. Collaborating with the Enemy: Wartime Analyses of Nazi Germany. PhD dissertation, Princeton University (USA), 2017. Ramirez, David. José Lezama Lima y lasredes intelectuales antimodernas: Escritores, revistas, editoriales (1920–1956) [José Lezama Lima and the Antimodern Intellectual Networks: Writers, Magazines, Editorials (1920–1956)]. PhD dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles (USA), 2017. In Spanish. Ramveer, Neha Singh. A Study of Modes and Symbols in the Works of Northrop Frye from an Indian Perspective. PhD dissertation, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (India), 2017. Rideout, Mark S. Other Powers: Magic and the Politics of Gender in Early Modern English Drama, 1585–1625. PhD dissertation, University of Tulsa (USA), 2017. Rittenhouse, Brad Christopher. TMI: The Data-Driven Literature of the American Renaissance. PhD dissertation, University of Miami (USA), 2017. Rofaelas, Apostolos. Creolized Histories: Hybrid Literatures of the Americas. PhD dissertation, College of William and Mary (USA), 2017. Rojcewicz, Stephen J. Our Tears: Thornton Wilder’s Reception and Americanization of the Latin and Greek Classics. PhD dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park (USA), 2017. Roon, Kenneth E., Jr. Paradise Circus: The Satirical Use of Sex in “The 120 Days of Sodom,” “Brave New World,” and “Nineteen Eighty-Four.” PhD dissertation, State University of New York at Binghamton (USA), 2017. Rosenberg, Aaron David. The Scale of the Modern Novel: From Realism to the Genres of Deep Time. PhD dissertation, Cornell University (USA), 2017. Rossetti, John. A Shared Imaginary City: The Role of the Reader in the Fiction of Muhmmad Khudayyir. PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania (USA), 2017. Rush, Rebecca Merrick. The Fetters of Rhyme: Freedom and Limitation in Early Modern Verse. PhD dissertation, Yale University (USA), 2017. Salvo, Dalton Paul. Rhetorical Forms and Perceptual Realities: Form as Symbolic Action in William Blake’s Poetry and Virtual Reality. MA thesis, San Diego State University (USA), 2017. Samuk, Tristan Alexander. The Art of Railing: Knowledge and Satire from Skelton to Shakespeare. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2017. Sandomierski, David. Canadian Contract Law Teaching and the Failure to Operationalize: Theory & Practice, Realism & Formalism, and Aspiration & Reality in

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Contemporary Legal Education. S.J.D. dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2017. Sari, Kartika Widya. Sylvia Plath’s Confession on ­Suicide through Symbols in “Lady Lazarus” and “Edge”: An Expressive Approach. Skripsi thesis, Universitas ­Airlangga (Indonesia), 2017. Sansone, John. Anxiety of Orality: Harold Bloom’s Wages of Mortality and Literacy in “The Book of J.” MA thesis, State University of New York at Stony Brook (USA), 2017. Scarola, Giovanni. La retorica della storiografia letteraria nell’Età dell’Arcadia [The Art of Literary History in the Age of Arcadia]. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2017. In Italian. Schmidt, Thomas R. Rediscovering Narrative: A Cultural History of Journalistic Storytelling in American Newspapers, 1969–2001. PhD dissertation, University of Oregon (USA), 2017. Schraufnagel, William Ernest. Kenneth Burke’s Adolescence, 1915–1920: An Archival Study of Influence. PhD dissertation, University of Memphis (USA), 2017. Schwartz, Ana. Feeling Past Politics: Affection, Settlement and the Disciplines of Civil Society in Early Anglo-America, 1620–1682. PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania (USA), 2017. Schwenz, Caroline Lee. The Empire Laughs Back: Toward a Theory of Postcolonial Comedy in the Literature of the Caribbean and South Asian Diaspora. PhD dissertation, Emory University (USA), 2017. Segretario, Michele. A Fickle Soundscape: The Fisherman’s Feast in Boston’s North End. MA in Music thesis, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA), 2017. Shreve, Emily. Ethical Orientations: Literature, First-Year Initiatives, and the Academic Community. PhD dissertation, Lehigh University (USA), 2017. Simonet Leon, Jose Antonio. Hijos de la extrañeza: La ficcionalización del yo lírico en la Otra Sentimentalidad y la Poesía de la Experiencia [Sons of Strangeness: The Fictionalization of the Lyric Self in The Other Sentimentality and The Poetry of Experience]. PhD dissertation, Yale University (USA), 2017. In Spanish. Simpson, Carol L. S.G.I. Buddhist Jazz Artists and Global Citizenship. PhD dissertation, California Institute of Integral Studies (USA), 2017. Sircy, Elisha James. “Present Mirth Hath Present Laughter; What’s to Come Is Still Unsure”: Death and Humor in Early Modern England. PhD dissertation, University of South Carolina (USA), 2017. Slefinger, John. Refashioning Allegorical Imagery: From Langland to Spenser. PhD dissertation, Ohio State University (USA), 2017. Sliva, Abigail Lee Jackson. Narrative Analysis of Paul Hindemith’s “Sonata for Harp.” Doctorate of Musical Arts dissertation, University of Houston (USA), 2017.

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Smart, Andrew John. Books Are Weapons: Didacticism in American Literature, 1890–1945. PhD dissertation, Ohio State University (USA), 2017. Smith, Brian C. Living Our Strengths for Ministry. D.Min. dissertation, Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary (USA), 2017. Smith, David A. Blake’s Aesthetic Messianism: Multimodal Art as the Rhetoric of Transformation. PhD dissertation, Baylor University (USA), 2017. Solomon, Joshua Lee. The Stink of the Earth: Reorienting Discourses of Tsugaru, Furusato, and Place. PhD dissertation, University of Chicago (USA), 2017. Spellberg, Matthew Moscicki. Dreaming for Others in Culture and the Novel. PhD dissertation, Princeton University (USA), 2017. Stampone, Christopher. Transatlantic Imaginings: Modes of Romance and Visions of Culture, 1760–1867. PhD dissertation, Southern Methodist University (USA), 2017. Steelman, Sheridan Lynn. Sixteenth-Century Shakespeare and Twenty-First-Century Students. PhD dissertation, Western Michigan University (USA), 2017. Stiemsma, Shaun. Dramatic Form in the Early Modern English History Play. PhD dissertation, Catholic University of America (USA), 2017. Suchánek, Tomáš. Resonance and Self-Resonance: Gilles Deleuze’s Involuntary Memory in Marcel Proust and Samuel Beckett. BA thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2017. Švob, Petra. Priredbe dramskih besedil Williama Shakespearja in njihovih elementov v sodobnih risanih filmih: magistrsko delo [Adaptations of William Shakespeare’s Plays and Elements of His Plays in Modern-Day Cartoons]. MA thesis, University of Ljubljana (Slovenia), 2017. In Slovenian. Thigpen, Andrew Ford. Batman as Monomyth: Joseph Campbell, Robert Jewett, John Shelton Lawrence, Frank Miller, Grant Morrison, Scott Snyder, and the Hero’s Journey to Gotham. MA thesis, Liberty University (USA), 2017. Thompson, Daniel J. Interpreting Hard Bop: Topics, Narrative, and Subjectivity. PhD dissertation, Florida State University (USA), 2017. Thurmanita, Carla. Derived Mythical Recurrence of the Biblical Genesis’ Cain and Abel Story in Trask Family in John Steinbeck’s East of Eden. BA thesis, Diponegoro University (Indonesia), 2017. Van Zant, Melissa G. Partnering with Poetry: Poetry in American Education Standards from 1971–2010. PhD dissertation, Kansas State University (USA), 2017. Vatnøy, Eirik. The Rhetoric of Networked Publics. Studying Social Network Sites as Rhetorical Arenas for Political Talk. PhD dissertation, University of Bergen (Sweden), 2017.

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The Reception of Northrop Frye

Verbruggen, Penny Ann. An Investigation of NonCognitive Approaches to the Creative Writing Process. Ed.D. dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2017. Villar, Alejandra Juno Rodríguez. Memory, Will, and Understanding in “El veneno y la triaca” by Calderón de la Barca: A Cognitive Approach. PhD dissertation, Duke University (USA), 2017. Warner, Steven Kirk. Versions of Narcissus: The Male Form in English Renaissance Poetry. PhD dissertation, Yale University (USA), 2017. Webre, Jude P. Seeking the True Contrary: The Politics of Form and Experience in American Modernism, 1913– 1950. PhD dissertation, Columbia University (USA), 2017. Weinberg, Erin. “Affection wondrous sensible”: Locating Affect in Shakespeare’s Comedies.” PhD dissertation, Queen’s University (Canada), 2017. Welch, Andrew James. Romantic Ends: Death and Dying, 1776–1835. PhD dissertation, Loyola University Chicago (USA), 2017. West, Timothy Wayne. Czesław Miłosz, Milan Kundera, Joseph Brodsky, and the Task of the Émigré Critic. PhD dissertation, Princeton University (USA), 2017. White, Holly A. The Desire for Utopia in the Critical Study of Religion. PhD dissertation, Syracuse University (USA), 2017. Williams, William Andrew Ted. Preaching the Satire of a Rogue King: Genre-Sensitive Preaching and the Solomonic Narrative of 1 Kings 10:14–11:13. PhD dissertation, Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary (USA), 2017. Wimberly, Meri. Zimbabwean Literature Since 1980: Ir­realist Style and Capitalist Modernization. PhD dissertation, University of Washington (USA), 2017. Wyman, Annie Julia. The Comic Sphere: Readings in Dickens, Joyce and Lerner. PhD dissertation, Harvard University (USA), 2017. Yates, Robert O. No Respecter of “Place, Persons, or Time”: Festivity as Coercive Power in “Twelfth Night” and “The Puritan Widow.” MA thesis, Georgetown University (USA), 2017. Zaťko, Roman. Poetika živelnosti v hispanoamerickém “románu pralesa” [The Poetics of Spontaneity in the Hispanic-American “Rainforest Novel”]. PhD dissertation, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2017. In Czech. Zavalza Hough-Snee, Dexter James. Alienation in the Andes: Labor and Cultural Disenfranchisement in Colonial Peru, 1570–1640. PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley (USA), 2017. Zhang, Yafei. Late-Qing Chinese Biographies of Biblical Figures—From the Perspective of Reception History of

the Bible. PhD dissertation, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 2017. Zhou, Min. Narrativity in Translation: The Translator’s Textual Involvement in English Translations of Chinese Ci Poetry. PhD dissertation, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 2017. 2018 Abel, Jessica Rose. Teaching Joyce’s Ulysses. PhD dissertation, Cornell University (USA), 2018. Adare-Tasiwoopa ápi, Sierra Sterling. Color Me Red: Communicating Indigenous Cultural (In)Visibility in Children’s Literature 1682 to 1824. PhD dissertation, State University of New York at Buffalo (USA), 2018. Allemand, John X. Mixing Memory and Desire: Elegiac Consciousness in Two Films by Pedro Almodóvar. PhD dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute (USA), 2018. Alston, Ray. Singing the Myths of the Nation: Historical Themes in Russian Nineteenth-Century Opera. PhD dissertation, Ohio State University (USA), 2018. Amaral, Leonardo Renda Kajdacsy Balla. A poesia social de Drummond: 1970. MA thesis, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (Brazil), 2018. In Portuguese. Ananian, Francine. Trois figures de détective à Hollywood: Sam Spade, Nick Charles et Dashiell Hammett— les enjeux du genre dans la construction du personage [Three Detective Figures in Hollywood: Sam Spade, Nick Charles, and Dashiell Hammett: Gender Issues in Character Building]. Doctoral thesis, Université de Montpel­ lier (France), 2018. In French. Antonangeli, Riccardo. The Fascist Character as Enigma in Post-World War II Italian Literature, Cinema and Historiography. PhD dissertation, New York University (USA), 2018. Atkinson, Daniel. Dendarian: A Young Man’s Quest & the Functions of Fairy Tales. MA thesis, Clemson University (USA), 2018. Aulen, Amber Jo. The Artist as Literary Character in the Works of Anton Chekhov. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2018. Babička, Martin. Návrat ztraceného Bati: Post-socialistická transformace české kulturní paměti [Return of Baťa Lost: Post-Socialist Transformation of Czech Cultural Memory]. Bachelor’s thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2018. In Czech. Barnes, Will. Liberal Cynicism, Its Dangers, & a Cure. PhD dissertation, University of New Mexico (USA), 2018. Batarseh, Amanda. Beyond the Novel: Palestinian Narrative in the Post-Oslo Era. PhD dissertation, University of California, Davis (USA), 2018. Belcher, Owen H. Analytical Studies of Selected Cantatas by J.S. Bach. PhD dissertation, Eastman School of Music (USA), 2018.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Benard, Clementine. John Donne: De la satire à l’humour [John Donne: From Satire to Humour]. Doctoral dissertation, in Normandy, within the framework of the Doctoral School of History, Memory, Heritage, Language (Mont-Saint-Aignan, Seine-Maritime), in partnership with the University of Rouen Normandy (France), 2018. In French. Benke, Lauren N. Gestural Ekphrasis: Toward a Phenomenology of the Moving Body in Joyce and Woolf. PhD dissertation, University of Denver (USA), 2018. Berger, Robert L. Enemy Life: Theorizing Exile through Milton, Shelley and Byron. PhD dissertation, State University of New York at Binghamton (USA), 2018. Bills, Nathan. The Justice of Exodus. Th.D. dissertation, Duke University (USA), 2018. Bitsis, Jaclyn. Popular Music and the Space of Englishness. PhD dissertation, Indiana University (USA), 2018. Black, Andrew J. Romance, Masque, and Miracle Play: Theophanic Traditions and the Hybridization of Genres in Pericles and Cymbeline. MA thesis, Middle Tennessee State University (USA), 2018. Black, Christina Susanna. Wits, Shits, and Crits: The Problem of Digestive Interpretation in Pope, Swift, and Fielding. PhD dissertation, Cornell University (USA), 2018. Blei, Micaela. Listening to Many Voices: Teachers Exploring Identity, Art and Narrative in a Personal Storytelling Workshop. PhD dissertation, New York University (USA), 2018. Bright, Gillian. Mimetic Shame: Fictions of the Self in Postcolonial Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2018. Brkić, Matea. War: The Combat between Power-Hungry Individuals in American War Literature. BA thesis, J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek (Croatia), 2018. Broadwell, Jennie. The Fable of Fire. MA thesis, University of Windsor (Canada), 2018. Bronson, Gregory W. Death and Rebirth in Chivalric Quest Narratives. MA thesis, Middle Tennessee State University (USA), 2018. Brooks, John. The Racial Unfamiliar: Encountering Illegibility in Contemporary African American Literature and Performance. PhD dissertation, Indiana University (USA), 2018. Cannavino, Thomas Patrick. Proved Upon Our Pulses: Romanticism and the Life of Things Today. PhD dissertation, University of Minnesota (USA), 2018. Carpenter, Amy E. “What Was Repeated Had Weight”: Ordinary Rituals in the Poetry of Donald Hall, Derek Walcott, Seamus Heaney, and Louise Gluck. PhD dissertation, Baylor University (USA), 2018. Catlett, Beverley M. W.H. Auden’s On This Island: Nietzschean Aesthetics and the Negative Sublime. MA thesis, Georgetown University (USA), 2018.

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Chapman, Ellen L. Buried Beneath the River City: Investigating an Archaeological Landscape and Its Community Value in Richmond, Virginia. PhD dissertation, College of William and Mary (USA), 2018. Chen, Rui. Archetypal Analysis of American Chinese Writer Ted Jiang’s Science Fiction. Graduate thesis, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (China), 2018. Christensen, Hannah McCurdy. Fantastic Worlds: The Work of Affect in Middle English Romance. PhD dissertation, University of Chicago (USA), 2018. Clark, Patrick S. All Manner of Beasts and the Middle-Aged Hero. M.I.D.S. thesis, Indiana University (USA), 2018. Clement, Taylor. Book Illustration and Intersemiotic Translation in Early Modern England. PhD dissertation, Florida State University (USA), 2018. Creel, James Wright, II. Rhetorics of Integrity: Constitutive Rhetoric in American Cinema and Television. PhD dissertation, Texas Christian University (USA), 2018. Cruz, Amanda Kay. Silent No Longer: Rhetorical Dimensions of Mood Memoirs Written by Teenage Mothers of the 1960s, 1980s, and Today. PhD dissertations, Texas A&M University–Commerce (USA), 2018. Dawley, Megan McNamara. Innocents and Gilt: American Satire in the Confident Years, 1873–1915. PhD dissertation, Boston University (USA), 2018. Dawson, Edward. The Poetic Loop: Austrian Rap Music and Sonic Reproducibility. PhD dissertation, Vanderbilt University (USA), 2018. Delgado-Garcia, Nitzaira. Historiografía y ficción: La construcción del discurso en la Estoria de España (MS 7583) de Alfonso X [Historiography and Fiction: The Construction of Discourse in the Estoria of Spain (MS 7583) of Alfonso X]. PhD dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles (USA), 2018. In Spanish. Donachuk, Aaron James. The Plot of Attentional Transformation: Literature and History in the Victorian Novel. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2018. Dreier, Stephanie. Old Fables and Their New Tricks: Exploring Revisionist Fairytale Fantasy in Selected Texts by Cornelia Funke and Svetlana Martynchik. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2018. Eichholz, Patrick. The Great War and the Annus Mirabilis. PhD dissertation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA), 2018. Estabillo, John Charles. Atheism and the Matter of Representation in the English Renaissance. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2018. Evers, Caleb Benjamin. Revisiting Delivery in the Basic Course. MA thesis, Iowa State University (USA), 2018. Ewert, Cody Dodge. Making Schools American: Patriotism and the Politics of Education in the Progressive Era. PhD dissertation, New York University (USA), 2018.

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The Reception of Northrop Frye

Falkenberg, Saffyre Louise. Beyond Damsels in Distress: Female Heroism in Young Adult Fantasy Fiction and Fantasy Roleplaying Video Games. MA thesis, Texas Christian University (USA), 2018. Fécu, Yanie. Sonorities: Decolonizing Voice in Post-1945 Caribbean Literature and Media. PhD dissertation, Princeton University (USA), 2018. Fisher, Kristen A. Sites of Romantic Medievalism in the Writings of William Wordsworth, Germaine De Staël, and Lord George Gordon Byron. PhD dissertation, Pennsylvania State University (USA), 2018. Fouse, William P. The Power of Narratives: A Cultural History of US Involvement in Axis-Occupied Yugoslavia. MA thesis, University of Rhode Island (USA), 2018. Fraser, Matthew Jake. Irreversible: Kleist, Kafka, and the Present’s Past. PhD dissertation, University of Chicago (USA), 2018. Galvis Echeverry, Carolina. Ritualidad corporal y reflexividad artística en tres novelas latinoamericanas: Los pasos perdidos de Alejo Carpentier, Água viva de Clarice Lispector y Un episodio en la vida del pintor viajero de César Aira [Corporal Rituality and Reflexivity of Art in Three Latin American Novels: Los pasos perdidos by Alejo Carpentier, Água viva by Clarice Lispector, and Un episodio en la vida del pintor viajero by César Aira]. PhD dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara (USA), 2018. In Spanish. Ganany, Noga. Origin Narratives: Reading and Reverence in Late-Ming China. PhD dissertation, Columbia University (USA), 2018. Garascia, Ann McKenzie. “Freaking” the Archive: Archiving Possibilities with the Victorian Freak Show. PhD dissertation, University of California, Riverside (USA), 2018. Gerhard, Julia. Post-Utopian Science Fiction in Postmodern American and Russian Literatures. PhD dissertation, University of Colorado at Boulder (USA), 2018. Ghorbaninejad, Masoud Kasra. Re/Imagining Imperial Narratives: Shakespeare’s Histories, Safavid Shāhnāmahs, and Anglo-Persian Alliance Building, 1590s–1620s. PhD dissertation, Northeastern University (USA), 2018. Gin, Steven. Conflicted Flows: 21st-Century Pacific Narratives across Media. PhD dissertation, University of Hawai’i at Manoa (USA), 2018. Gingrich, Brian. The Pace of Modern Fiction: A History of Narrative Movement in Modernity. PhD dissertation, Princeton University (USA), 2018. Godsey, Jeff. “Sugar in the Arsenic”: Humorous Depictions of the Holocaust and Humorous Depictions in the Holocaust on Stage and Screen. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin–Madison (USA), 2018. Goldman, Brendan. Arabic-Speaking Jews in Crusader Syria: Conquest, Continuity and Adaptation in the

Medieval Mediterranean. PhD dissertation, Johns Hopkins University (USA), 2018. Grace, Daniel. Guided Passages: Spiritual Progress and Travel Narrative in Nineteenth-Century U.S. Literature and Culture. PhD dissertation, University of California, Davis (USA), 2018. Grant, Aaron. Schubert’s Three-Key Expositions. PhD dissertation, University of Rochester (USA), 2018. Gričová, Andrea. Topos příchodu praotce Čecha [The Topos of the Arrival of Forefather Čech]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2018. In Czech. Groves, Laura Lee. Reason, Imagination, and Faith: A Rhetorical Synthesis. PhD dissertation, Regent University (USA), 2018. Hanenberg, Scott James. Unpopular Meters Irregular Grooves and Drumbeats in the Songs of Tori Amos, Radiohead, and Tool. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2018. Harris, Karen L. The Practices of Exemplary Teachers of Poetry in the Secondary English-Language Arts Classroom. Ed.D. dissertation, Boston University (USA), 2018. Haselswerdt, Ella. Chorality and Lyric Thought in Greek Tragedy. PhD dissertation, Princeton University (USA), 2018. Hedlin, Kimberly Susan. The Book of Job in Early Modern England. PhD dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles (USA), 2018. Hegel, Allison. Social Reading in the Digital Age. PhD dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles (USA), 2018. Hewenn, Jessica. Unsettling: Settler Colonial Environments in Neo-Victorian Fiction. PhD dissertation, Australian National University (Australia), 2018. Hoff, Nathan N. One Gospel: Paul’s Use of the Abraham Story in Romans 4:1–25. PhD dissertation, Dallas Theological Seminary (USA), 2018. Horne, Andrew Joseph. Making Freedom in Cicero and Horace. PhD dissertation, University of Chicago (USA), 2018. Huang, Yingying. The Alien Eye: Chinese Self-Images and the External Observer, 1874–1911. PhD dissertation, Purdue University (USA), 2018. Imre, Kristin. Monotonous Feeling: The Formal Everyday in Three Modern and Contemporary Novels. PhD dissertation, Boston College (USA), 2018. Jacobson, Kelsey Laine. Feeling Real: Affective Dimensions of Reality in Contemporary Canadian Performance. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada). Jiménez, Cristina. La construction des personnages féminins galdosiens à partir d’une perspective réceptrice de femme [The Construction of Galdosian Female Characters from

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

a Female Receptive Perspective]. Doctoral thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour (France), 2018. In French. Johnson, Colette E. The Foibles of Play: Three Case Studies on Play in the Interwar Years. PhD dissertation, Princeton University (USA), 2018. Jones, Brandon. Uncommon Work: Utopia, Labor, and Environment in Late Twentieth-Century American Fiction. PhD dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (USA), 2018. Jorge Fernández, Charlie. La figura del héroe en Melmoth the Wanderer, de Charles Robert. PhD dissertation, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea/Universidad del País Vasco (Spain), 2018. In Spanish. Kauderer, Herb. Conspicuously Canadian: Canadian Identity in Anglo-Canadian Science Fiction. PhD dissertation, State University of New York at Buffalo (USA), 2018. Kemling, Jared. Creative Fidelity as a Personalized Symbolic Form of Culture. PhD dissertation, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale (USA), 2018. Kennedy, Mary Jane D. New-Born: Affect, Attachment, and the Infant Embodied Unconscious in Romantic Literature and Medicine. PhD dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara (USA), 2018. Kim, Kyunghee. Cultural Hybridity in the Contemporary Korean Popular Culture through the Practice of Genre Transformation. PhD dissertation, University of Western Ontario (Canada), 2018. Kissinger, Zachary Scott. Currents of Speculation: Discourses of Water Scarcity in Contemporary Science Fiction. PhD dissertation, University of California, Davis (USA), 2018. Larre, Lindsey Michelle. Works of Mercy: Literature, Compassion, and Devotion in Early Modern England. PhD dissertation, Duke University (USA), 2018. Larson, Jeremy. Ordering Desires: Rhetoric and Virtue in Milton’s Paradise Lost. PhD dissertation, Baylor University (USA), 2018. Lassi, Nicholas Mathew. A Confucian Theory of Crime. PhD dissertation, University of North Dakota (USA), 2018. Laurents, Mary Kathleen. The Effect of Collective Identity Formation and Fracture in Britain during the First World War and the Interwar Period, PhD dissertation, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (USA), 2018. Leithart, Christian David. Striving with Strong Necessity: Despair and the Reader in the Faerie Queene I.ix. MA thesis, Villanova University (USA), 2018. Lewis, Stephen P. Narrative Analogy and the Theological Message of Esther: Israel’s Conflicted Relationship with an Angry Sovereign. PhD dissertation, Westminster Theological Seminary (USA), 2018.

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Lim, Heidi Hyun-Jin. Masculine Narratives of Failure and Nostalgia in British Fiction 1865–1928. PhD dissertation. Washington University in St. Louis (USA), 2018. Lindberg, Manuel. Typiskt berättande: En komparativ arketypanalys ur ett didaktiskt perspektiv [Typical Narrative: A Comparative Archetype Analysis from a Didactic Perspective]. Independent thesis, Advanced level, Linnaeus University (Sweden), 2018. In Swedish. Livingston, Caryn Leshay. War Satire as Tragedy: Redemptive Genres for Catch-22 and Slaughterhouse-Five. MA thesis. University of Houston–Clear Lake (USA), 2018. Louie, Linda Danielle. Repatriating Romance: Politics of Textual Transmission in Early Modern France. PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley (USA), 2018. Lund, Faith Elizabeth. “Out of Egypt”: The Exodus Motif in the New Testament. PhD dissertation, Assemblies of God Theological Seminary (USA), 2018. McArthur, Rachel. Back to the Future: Edwardian Comedy and Progressive Politics. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2018. Ma, Chihping. “Betwixt the World Destroyed and World Restored”: Subjectivity and Paradisal Recovery in John Milton’s Late Poems. PhD dissertation, City University of New York (USA), 2018. Mandel, Hannes. Readers’ Lore. Media, Literature, and the Making of Folk-Lore. PhD dissertation, Princeton University (USA), 2018. Mason, Jennifer N. Inclusive Writing Instruction for Shelter Youth: A Community-Based Research (CBR) Project. MA thesis, Indiana University (USA), 2018. Mathews, Elizabeth Jean. Bad Writing: Responses to Early Gothic Fiction and the Cultivation of Emotional Taste. PhD dissertation, University of California, Irvine (USA), 2018. Mehrgan, Omid. The Narrowest Path: Antinomic of Form in Adorno’s Aesthetic Theory Analysed through Kleist, Hegel, and Marx. PhD dissertation, Johns Hopkins University (USA), 2018. Minuzzi, Luara Pinto. Escrever para tornar a escuridão mais bonita: Um estudo sobre a construção simbólica da morte em quatro romances angolanos [Writing to Make Darkness More Beautiful: A Study on the Symbolic Construction of Death in Four Angolan Novels]. PhD dissertation, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), 2018. In Portuguese. Mitchell, Dianne. Unfolding Verse: Poetry as Correspondence in Early Modern England. PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania (USA), 2018. Mondello, Kaitlin. Toward a Posthuman Ecology: Evolutionary Aesthetics in Transatlantic Romanticism. PhD dissertation, City University of New York (USA), 2018. Moon, Sungchan. Mark’s Young Man and Homer’s Elpenor: Mark 14:51–52, 16:1–8 and Odyssey 10–12. PhD

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The Reception of Northrop Frye

dissertation, Claremont Graduate University (USA), 2018. Muskita, Hudyard Y. Justice, Cult, and Salvation in Isaiah 56–59: A Literary-Theological Study. PhD dissertation, Andrews University (USA), 2018. O’Briain, Katarina. Trade Secrets: Georgic Poetry and the Rise of Finance. PhD dissertation, Johns Hopkins University (USA), 2018. Oh, Sein. The Betrayal of Romantic Utopia. University of Illinois at Chicago (USA), 2018. Olali, David Omunukuma. “Die, Die, Die”: Witchcraft, Authorial, and Identity in Postcolonial Nigeria. PhD dissertation, Claremont Graduate University (USA), 2018. Olver, Matthew S.C. “Hoc Est Sacrificium Laudis”: The Influence of Hebrews on the Origin, Structure, and Theology of the Roman Canon Missae. PhD dissertation, Marquette University (USA), 2018. Parish, Mary J. American Myth and Ideologies of Straight White Masculinity in Men’s Literary Self-Representations. PhD dissertation, Duquesne University (USA), 2018. Peart, Andrew. Underground Sounds: Oral Tradition and Recording Culture in American Poetry, 1917–2008. PhD dissertation, University of Chicago (USA), 2018. Perreault, Joseph James. The Universal Structure of Plot Content: Suspense, Magnetic Plot Elements, and the Evolution of an Interesting Story. MA thesis, University of Idaho (USA), 2018. Phillips, Michael D. Manifest Density: Decentering the Global Western Film. PhD dissertation, City University of New York (USA), 2018. Pingelton, Timothy James. Three Paths to Religious Integration in Ernest Hemingwy’s War Stories. PhD dissertation, University of Missouri–Kansas City (USA), 2018. Planinc, Emma Catherine. Regenerating Political Animals. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2018. Politano, Cristina. The Saints of the Crusader States: Legends of the Eastern Mediterranean in Anglo-French Vernacular Culture, 1135–1220. PhD dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles (USA), 2018. Poole, Chamere Ranyail. (Re)Making Insurrection: Genre, Historicity, and the Narrative Legacy of Nat Turner. PhD dissertation, Illinois State University (USA), 2018. Powell, Jared N. “I Will Not Cease from Mental Fight”: William Blake’s Milton and the Process of Adaptation. MA thesis, University of Alabama (USA), 2018. Prakash, Shubha. Depiction of Womanhood in Selected Works of Prominent Women Writers in Indian Writing in English. PhD dissertation, Manav Rachna International University (India), 2018. Pugliese, Gina. Intimate Scripts and the Early 20th-Century Black Transnational Romance. PhD dissertation, Brandeis University (USA), 2018.

Quentmeyer, Patrick. Origin Myths: Performativity and the Geography of Meaning. M.A.L.S. thesis, Georgetown University (USA), 2018. Rayburn, Martin. The Styles of Volition: Toward a Theory of the Novelistic Will. PhD dissertation, University of Chicago (USA), 2018. Repetto, William Anthony. Contemplating the “Spiritual but Not Religious” in Wallace Stevens and David Foster Wallace. MA thesis, Villanova University (USA), 2018. Rhee, Chae-Young. Designing Natural Advantages: Environmental Visions, Civic Ideals, and Architecture for Community, 1920–1970. PhD dissertation, Columbia University (USA), 2018. Rogers, Greta. Iarwain Ben-Adar on the Road to Faerie: Tom Bombadil’s Recovery of Premodern Fantasy Values. MA thesis, Liberty University (USA), 2018. Roy, Monique A. France Daigle’s Pour sûr: Proposing a Lusory Critical Approach. PhD dissertation, Boston University (USA), 2018. Roy, Rupayan. Adult Readers and the Growing “New Girl” in Major American Girls’ Fiction, 1900–1920. PhD dissertation, Queen’s University (Canada), 2018. Salinas, Courtney. Women in Community: The Influence of Sorority on Eudora Welty and Zelda Fitzgerald. PhD dissertation, Baylor University (USA), 2018. Samadzadeh, Mehrdad Faiz. Fairy Tales and Political Socialization. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2018. Schlemm, Sara Joan. “Pygmalion’s Frenzy”: The Organic Opulence of Romance in Early Modern England. PhD dissertation, Cornell University (USA), 2018. Scully, Matthew. Against Form: Figural Excess and the Negative Democratic Impulse in American Literature. PhD dissertation, Tufts University (USA), 2018. Senumstad, Nicolai Svendsen. “A Bettre Felawe Sholde Men Noght Fynde”: Satirical Criticism of Chaucer’s Friar, Summoner, and Pardoner. MA thesis, University of Bergen (Norway), 2018. In Norwegian. Sermet, Tessa. Sas et phases de transition dans la science-fiction Française et Francophone [Sas (pressure chamber) and Transition Phases in French and Francophone Science Fiction]. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin–Madison (USA), 2018. In French. Sevilla, Amanda L. Discarnation: Expounding on Marshall McLuhan’s Critique of Modern Subjectivity. PhD dissertation, Duquesne University (USA), 2018. Sidebottom, Dana. Distinguishing Ritual from Theatre: An Update and Expansion of Richard Schechner’s Efficacy/ Entertainment Braid. MA thesis, Queen’s University (Canada), 2018. Silva, Wandersson Hidayck. O religioso na poesia contemporânea: Um estudo da obra de Lenilde Freitas [The Religious Sensibility in Contemporary Poetry: A Study of

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

the Work of Lenilde Freitas]. MA thesis, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (Brazil), 2018. In Portuguese. Singh, Kotwal Surinder. Archetypes in Fantasy Fiction: A Critical Study of C.S. Lewis’s The Chronicles of Narnia. PhD dissertation, University of Jammu (India), 2018. Smith, Megan Kathleen. In the Likeness of: Christology, Gender, and the Self-Emptying Subject in Early Modern English Literature. PhD dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles (USA), 2018. Snyder, Lynn E. Learning a Foundation for Communication in Medical Situations: An Attitudinal and Relational Approach. D.M.H. thesis, Drew University (USA), 2018. Stabler, Albert. Legislative Art: Laurie Jo Reynolds and the Aesthetics of Punishment. PhD dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (USA), 2018. Stamova, Darina Koleva. Melancholie in Uwe Timms Romanen “Rot” und “Morenga” [Melancholy in Uwe Timm’s Novels “Red” and “Morenga”]. PhD dissertation, Washington University in St. Louis (USA), 2018. In German. Stanley, Joshua Samuel. If but Once We Have Been Strong: Collective Agency and Poetic Technique in England during the Period of Early Capitalism. PhD dissertation, Yale University (USA), 2018. Stiegelmar, Michael Edward. Beckett and the Rites of Disenchantment. PhD dissertation, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 2018. Šupíková, Barbora. Zločin a trest po sicilsku v prózách současných italských spisovatelů-novinářů [Crime and Punishment Sicilian Style in Prose of Contemporary Italian Writers-Journalists]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2018. In Czech. Tikkanen, Tapio. Hero, Shadow and Trickster: Three Archetypes in The Kingkiller Chronicle. MA thesis, University of Oulu (Finland), 2018. Tipple, Rebeca Ferreira. A batalha do apocalipse: a apropriação de mitos bíblicos para a criação de uma narrativa de ficção [A Battle of Apocalypse: The Appropriation of Biblical Myths]. MA thesis, Universidade Federal de Goiás (Brazil), 2018. In Portuguese. Toombs, Rachel. Blessed Wounding: The Theological Import of Paratactic Style in Flannery O’Connor’s Fiction and Hebrew Narrative. PhD dissertation, Baylor University (USA), 2018. Toscano, Angela Rose. Resemblances: On the Re-Use of Romance in Three 18th-Century Novels. PhD dissertation, University of Iowa (USA), 2018. Tramontano, Marisa. Insecure Hegemony: The Cultural Construction ‘Retaliation’ in the Hunt for Osama Bin Laden. PhD dissertation, City University of New York (USA), 2018. Trese, Kelly. Beyond the Frame Tale: Shifting Paradigms in the Narrative Framing Tradition. PhD dissertation, Boston College (USA), 2018.

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Tsank, Stephanie A. Eating the American Dream: Food, Ethnicity, and Assimilation in American Literary Realism, 1893–1918. PhD dissertation, University of Iowa (USA), 2018. Vairapandi, Madhuri. The Tragic End of Humanity and How to Deal with the Cosmic Joke of Chaos: Isaac Asimov’s “Foundation” Prequels and Dan Simmons’ “Hyperion” Cantos in Conversation with Complexity Theory. MA thesis, Georgetown University (USA), 2018. Van Houdt, Jennifer A. Delenda Est: World and Belief in Apocalyptic Thought. PhD dissertation, University of Washington (USA), 2018. Vavřínek, Filip. Hledání podle G.H. [Seeking according to G.H.]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2018. In Czech. Verini, Alexandra Cassatt. “A New Kingdom of Femininity”: Women’s Utopias in Early English Culture and Imagination (1405–1666). PhD dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles (USA), 2018. Vernon, David Charles. Shakespeare and Religion: Capricious and Concealed Faith in Three Tragicomic Plays. PhD dissertation, Freie Universitaet Berlin (Germany), 2018. Vertigan, Meg Louise. The Taming of the Shrew: Discipline and Punishment of Transgressive Young Women from the Romantics until Present Day. PhD dissertation, University of Newcastle (United Kingdom), 2018. Vojtíšek, Ondřej. Možnosti interpretace “autorské pohádky” ve středoškolské výuce [The Ways of Interpreting “Authorial Fairy Tales” at Secondary School]. Diploma thesis, Charles University (Czech Republic), 2018. In Czech. Welch, Melissa Jane. Decreased Visibility: A Narrative Analysis of Episodic Disability and Contested Illness. PhD dissertation, University of South Florida (USA), 2018. Wells, Charmian C. Diaspora Citation: Choreographing Belonging in the Black Arts Movement. PhD dissertation, Temple University (USA), 2018. Wetmore, Amanda Joan. The Hermeneutics of Desire in Medieval English Devotional Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2018. Whiteside, Briana Carmia. Octavia E. Butler: History, Culture, and the Future: A Comprehensive Approach. PhD dissertation, University of Alabama (USA), 2018. Whitney, Julian. The Mistrials of Reading: Reimagining Law in British Literature, 1787–1819. PhD dissertation, Emory University (USA), 2018. Williams, Alfred E. Dimensions of Divine Presence in the Ancient Egyptian Religion Revisited Through African Thought. PhD dissertation, Union Institute and University (USA), 2018. Winkler, Kyle Martin. Resemble Assemble Reply; Or, the Use of Misfit Tropes in Student Writing. PhD dissertation, University of Pittsburgh (USA), 2018.

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Wodda, Aimee. “What Did We Get When We Got Sex?” Narratives of Sex, Gender, and Sexuality in Ulane v. Eastern Airlines. PhD dissertation, University of Illinois at Chicago (USA), 2018. Wood, Jody L. The Gospel of Thomas: A Fusion of Horizons. MA thesis, Saint Mary’s University (Canada), 2018. Woods, David Michael. After Tragedy: The Romance of the Lowly God. PhD dissertation, University of California, Irvine (USA), 2018. Worthy II, Jimmy. Trustees of Defiance: Death, Resurrection, and Sacred Imperative in African American Literature. PhD dissertation, Emory University (USA), 2018. Xiong, Ying. Herbs and Beauty: Gendered Poethood and Translated Affect in Late Imperial and Modern China. PhD dissertation, University of Oregon (USA), 2018. Yan, Rae X. “This Seemingly So Solid Body”: Philosophical Anatomy and Victorian Fiction. PhD dissertation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA), 2018. 2019 Alderks, Elisabeth. “Not The Truth but The Way”: The Ethics of Irony in World Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Minnesota (USA), 2019. Alley, Dennis. Pindar and the Poetics of Autonomy: Authorial Agency in the Fourth Pythian Ode. PhD dissertation, Cornell University (USA), 2019. Aramini, Marc A. Does It Mean? Gene Wolfe: Perverse Puzzle Maker. PhD dissertation, University of Nevada, Las Vegas (USA), 2019. Aronoff, Jared. Not a Flaw, but a Feature: The Language, Aesthetics, and Value of Bad Cinema. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2019. Atnip, Lindsay. From Tragic Form to Apocalyptic Reality in Four American Works: Toward an Epistemological Theory and Practice of Reading. PhD dissertation, University of Chicago (USA), 2019. Attwood, James. The State of Critical Theory of Fantastic Literature. MA thesis, Arizona State University (USA), 2019. Badilla Rajevic, Manuela. Mnemonic Playgrounds for Mobilization: A Radical Turn in the Construction of Public Memory in Post-dictatorship Chile. PhD dissertation, The New School (USA), 2019. Batista, Christiane Silveira. O Herói (re)criado por “Diários de motocicleta” [The Hero (Re)created by the “Motorcycle Diaries”]. MA thesis, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (Brazil), 2019. In Portuguese. Beasley, Michael H. A Spatial Text Analysis of J.R.R. Tolkien’s Middle-Earth. Senior thesis, University of South Carolina (USA), 2019. Benjamin, Daniel. On Lyric’s Minor Commons. PhD dissertation, University of California, Berkeley (USA), 2019.

Bloch, Elizabeth. Doubleness in English Renaissance Pastoral. PhD dissertation, Catholic University of America (USA), 2019. Braun, Daniel Rafael. Kinds of Wrong: The Liberalization of Modern Poetry 1910–1960. PhD dissertation, Princeton University (USA), 2019. Brooks-Motl, Hannah. War, Cities, Trash: Some Midcentury Pastorals. PhD dissertation, University of Chicago (USA), 2019. Campeau, Mary Bernadette. Communicating Places, Ideas and Canadian Identity in a Changing World: A Social Biography of Thomas C. Cummings, 1904– 1996. PhD dissertation, Queen’s University (Canada), 2019. Capp, James. Is It Working? Narrative Perspectives on Performance-Based Funding Policies in Public Higher Education. PhD dissertation, Florida Atlantic University (USA), 2019. Casanova, Betsaida. El seno escondido: Nodrizas y nanas como agentes maravillosos en la novela latinoamericana de la segunda mitad del siglo veinte [The Hidden Breast: Nodrizas and Nanas as Wonderful Agents in the Latin American Novel of the Second Half of the Twentieth Century]. PhD dissertation, Florida Atlantic University (USA), 2019. In Spanish. Cash, Brandon. What Were the Editors Doing with What They Were Saying: A Literary-Canonical Approach to the Songs of Ascents for Homiletics. PhD dissertation, Fuller Theological Seminary (USA), 2019. Choquette, Éléna. The Making of a “Peaceable Kingdom”: Land, Peopling and Progress in an Expanding Canada. PhD dissertation, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2019. Connally, Kenneth. Questioning Reproduction in Seventeenth-Century English Literature. PhD dissertation, University of California, Davis (USA), 2019. Cotton, James. Destruction: A Renaissance Ideal from Spenser to Dryden. PhD dissertation, University of Notre Dame (USA), 2019. Creed, Daniel. In Better Worlds than These: Memory and Diegesis in Fantasy Literature. PhD dissertation, Florida Atlantic University (USA), 2019. Dickieson, Brian. “The great story on which the plot turns”: Cruciformity in C.S. Lewis’ Narrative Spiritual Theology. PhD dissertation, University of Chester (United Kingdom), 2019. Dotto, Stephanie. From Toronto to Africville: Youth Performing History as Resistance. PhD dissertation, Trent University (Canada), 2019. Drexel, Jessica G. Reconfiguring Self, World, and Word: Modernist Poetic Epiphanies in Eliot, Williams, Levertov, and Revell. PhD dissertation, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA), 2019.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Duck, Alyssa. Partum Poetics: Pregnant Moderns and the Poetry of Origins. PhD dissertation, Emory University (USA), 2019. Dutton, Amanda. Death Becomes Us: An Examination of Memento Mori Rhetoric in the Art and Literature of the Counter-Reformation. PhD dissertation, Florida Atlantic University (USA), 2019. Eblen, Trudy. Jerusalem’s Song: William Blake as Forerunner to Jung’s Feminist Psychology. PhD dissertation, University of Nebraska (USA), 2019. Elsherief, Heba. Writing the Young Diasporic Muslim Female: A Study in Creating Culturally Sustaining Narratives. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2019. Fayard, Nathan. Recovered Images: Medieval Echoes in C.S. Lewis’s Space Trilogy. PhD dissertation, University of Arkansas (USA), 2019. Ferguson, Josh-Wade. Rambling Blues: Mapping Contemporary North American Blues Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Mississippi (USA), 2019. Floyd, Elizabeth. Bourgeois Like Me: Architecture, Literature, and the Making of the Middle Class in Post-War London. PhD dissertation, University of California, Santa Barbara (USA), 2019. Franz, Marisa Karyl. A Gathering of Names: On the Categories and Collections of Siberian Shamanic Materials, PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2019. Gallo, Madeleine A. “The Frame of Her Eternal Dream”: From Thel to Dreamscapes of Influence. MA thesis, Wake Forest University (USA), 2019. Galm, Julia A. Hyperprint: Book Objects that Revitalize Print in the Digital Age. PhD dissertation, Indiana University of Pennsylvania (USA), 2019. Gardiner, Joanna. Creation Myth and Creativity: A Multi-Disciplinary Study of Cosmogonic Narrative. PhD dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute (USA), 2019. Gonzalez, Carolyn S. Chaucer and Malory’s Treatment of Outlawry. MA thesis, Iowa State University (USA), 2019. Hasler, Joshua Norman. Apophatic Rhetoric in the Novels of Cormac McCarthy. PhD dissertation, Boston University (USA), 2019. Hedgepath, Capron M. American Frontiers: Pathways to Masculine Identity Realization. PhD dissertation, Middle Tennessee State University (USA), 2019. Hyepock, Mary. Rhetorical Homologies of “Expectation” in the Law: An Analysis of Intimate Partner Violence and Prisoner Rights Cases. MA thesis, California State University, Long Beach (USA), 2019. Irving, Washington. The Use of Literature, and in Particular, an Original Novel Entitled Ariachne’s Thread, as a Vehicle for the Expression of Philosophical Ideas

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Concerning Authenticity at the Margins of Society. PhD dissertation, Salve Regina University (USA), 2019. Ivry, Henry. Transscalar Critique: Crisis and Form in the Anthropocene Contemporary. PhD Dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2019. Jensen, Christopher. Between Past(s) and Future(s): Translating the Space of Appearance in Middle English Arthurian Literature. PhD dissertation, Florida State University (USA), 2019. Kang, Meeyoung. Aesthetics and Politics of Feminist Tragic Narratives at the Turn of the Nineteenth-Century into the Twentieth. PhD dissertation, University of Kansas (USA), 2019. Kenna, Brian. The Fantastic and the First World War. PhD dissertation, Marquette University (USA), 2019. Kirby, Megan Rose. The Academic Trajectory of Natalie Zemon Davis from 1955 to 2019. MA thesis, Queen’s University (Canada), 2019. Knoeckel, Edward. Narrative Analysis of Film Music: Rota’s Score to Under Ten Flags. Doctorate of Musical Arts dissertation, George Mason University (USA), 2019. Kozaczka, Adam. Romantic Legalism. PhD dissertation, Syracuse University (USA), 2019. Leahy, Sean. As One Who from a Volume Reads: A Study of the Long Narrative Poem in Nineteenth-Century America. MA thesis, University of Vermont (USA), 2019. Lehning, Amber Michelle. Yearning for Rivendell: The Wilderness of Myth and the Myth of Wilderness in J.R.R. Tolkien’s Middle-Earth. PhD dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute (USA), 2019. Lido, Peter John. Queer Honor: White Masculinity in the Southern Novel, 1936–1970. PhD dissertation, University of Chicago (USA), 2019. Lin, Yining. The Intercultural Process of Creating Jingju Adaptations of Western Literature in the 21st Century. PhD dissertation, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, 2019. Littlejohn, Murray. Contemporary Confessions: Philosophical Engagements with Saint Augustine’s Confessions. PhD dissertations, Boston College (USA), 2019. Lothes, Reagan. Sylvia Plath and “The Bigger Things”: War, History, and Modernism at Midcentury. PhD dissertation, City University of New York (USA), 2019. Ly, Tram Hoan Thuc. Memorialization of the Vietnam War in the Modern English, French, and Vietnamese Novel. PhD dissertation, University of Wisconsin–Madison (USA), 2019. McCullough, Corey Stephen. Collecting a Discipline: A Pan-History of the National Archives of Composition and Rhetoric. PhD dissertation, University of New Hampshire (USA), 2019. McMillan, Bo. Food Is the New Jazz: Jack Kerouac, Food and Cultural Decline. BA honors thesis, University of North Carolina at Greensboro (USA), 2019.

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The Reception of Northrop Frye

McNally, Amanda. The Gendering of Death Personifications in Literary Modernism: The Femme Fatale Symbol from Baudelaire to Barnes. MA thesis, East Tennessee State University (USA), 2019. Madigan, Todd Michael. The Rules of Meaning Making: Toward a Theory of Cultural Syntax. PhD dissertation, Yale University (USA), 2019. Miao, Xiaojing. Beyond the Lyric: Expanding the Landscape of Early and High Tang Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Colorado (USA), 2019. Mulcahy, Deirdre. Motivating Students in Online Courses: Designing for Dialogue and Social Presence. MA thesis, University of Toronto (Canada), 2019. Muredda, Angelo. Raising a Question Mark: Disability and Textual Recalibration in Canadian Fiction and Film. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2019. Murray, Nathan. The Death of the Character in Modern Fiction and Criticism. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2019. Narver, Annie Lee. Mapping Human Virtue and the Ethics of Desire: The Ludic(rous) as Umpire. PhD dissertation, University of Oregon (USA), 2019. Nedvyga, Olga. Drugs, Pharmacy, Healing Rites, and Ethnobotany: Therapeutic Writing in the Foundational Narratives of Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto (Canada), 2019. O’Brien, Jonathan. Constructs of Stylistic Production and Reception: Vetting and Extending the Sociocultural Theory of Style. PhD dissertation, Indiana University of Pennsylvania (USA), 2019. Omran, Doaa. Female Protagonist Mega-archetypes: A Study in Medieval European Romances. PhD dissertation, University of New Mexico (USA), 2019. Parker, Neil Ian. A Narrative Analysis of Religious Journalism’s Approach to Disaster Reporting. M.A thesis, Royal Roads University (Canada), 2019. Peters, Nicole. Rereading Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Reading Cultures. PhD dissertation, University of Washington (USA), 2019. Phillips, David. Narrative Analysis of the Book of Revelation: Revelation 19:11–16 as the Climax of the Plot of the Apocalypse. PhD dissertation, Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary (USA), 2019. Pickett, Anita Carmen. Critical Professional Learning Networks: A Revolutionary Space in an Oppressive Place. PhD dissertation, University of Texas at San Antonio (USA), 2019. Prado, Jorge Luis Palicer do. A batalha do apocalipse: A apropriação de mitos bíblicos para a criação de uma narrativa de ficção [Battle of the Apocalypse: The Appropriation of Biblical Myths for the Creation of a Fiction Narrative]. PhD dissertation, University of São Paulo (Brazil), 2019. In Portuguese.

Quay, Grayson Stone. “The Façade of Impenetrable Mysteries”: C.S. Lewis, Literary Modernism, and the New Physics. MA thesis, Georgetown University (USA), 2019. Reynolds, Luke. Who Owned Waterloo? Wellington’s Veterans and the Battle for Relevance. PhD dissertation, City University of New York (USA), 2019. Saha Roy, Sayantan. Legal Lives in the Postcolony: Sovereignty, Absolutism and the Rule of Law in India. PhD dissertation, University of Chicago (USA), 2019. Santamaría, Enrique Martín. Cartografías imposibles: Las ciudades imaginarias de Mario Levrero [Impossible Maps: The Imaginary Cities of Mario Levrero]. Doctoral dissertation, Université Paris–Sorbonne (France), 2019. In Spanish. Sawin, Warisara Emily. The Influence of the Industrial Revolution on Nineteenth-Century Literary and Artistic Movements. MA thesis, University of Mississippi (USA), 2019. Sherman, Zoë S. Love Triumph: The Production Code, Sex, and the Screwball Comedy. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2019. Simpson, Meagan K. Fictionalizing Adam and Eve in Nineteenth-Century British Literature. PhD dissertation, University of Notre Dame (USA), 2019. Smith, Joul Layne. The Domestic Bible: William Tyndale’s Vernacular Translation. PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Arlington (USA), 2019. Snyder, Jillian M. Sincere Performances: The Affective Scripts of the Pulpit and Stage in Post-Reformation England. PhD dissertation, University of Notre Dame (USA), 2019. Sroka, Michelle. The Poetics of Labor: Visions of Work and Community in England, 1730–1890. PhD dissertation, Duke University (USA), 2019. Srsen Kenney, Kristen Laura. Critical Video Projects: Understanding Nine Students? Experiences with Critical Literacy as They Re-imagine Canonical Texts through Films. PhD dissertation, Kent State University (USA), 2019. Syed, Mona M. The Role of Cognitive Dissonance in Fin De Siècle Jamesian Narratives. PhD dissertation, Claremont Graduate University (USA), 2019. Tan, Joseph. Lexical and Narratival Analysis of Evil in the Book of Judges. PhD dissertation, Assemblies of God Theological Seminary (USA), 2019. Tanner, William Aaron, Jr. The Melancholy Malcontent in Early Modern Theater and Culture. PhD dissertation, Rutgers, State University of New Jersey (USA), 2019. Thompson, Alexander P. Raised from Ignorance to Knowledge: Recognition and the Resurrection Appearances of Luke 24. PhD dissertation, Emory University (USA), 2019.

Dissertations and Theses on Frye

Vernon, Holly. El Placer de la Fugacidad Semántica en la Poesía de Migraciones. MA thesis, San Diego State University (USA), 2019. Walker, M. Justin. The Power of Images: The Poetics of Violence in Lamentations 2 and Ancient Near Eastern Art. PhD dissertation, Emory University (USA), 2019. Wallace, Katherine (Katy). A New Materialist Turn toward the Textbook: An Exploration of the Relationship between History Textbooks and Historical Narratives. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2019. Waller, Emily. Violent Delights: The Vulnerable Female Body in the Hellenistic Romance and the Eighteenth-Century Novel. Thesis proposal, University of Pennsylvania (USA), 2019. Wander, Ryan Tan. Queer Times Out West: Genres of the Settler Colonial US West, 1868–1912. PhD dissertation, University of California, Davis (USA), 2019. Wells, Jonathan P. Imperial Entrepreneur: Masculinity, Race, and the Memory of Frederick Funston. PhD dissertation, University of Kansas (USA), 2019. Wisniewski, Alise M. Decolonizing the Body of the Chosen One: The Bodily Performance of Anakin Skywalker, Buffy Summers, and T’Challa. MA thesis, University of Denver (USA), 2019. Wu, Yuching. Alle Schall Be Wele? In Search of Unhappy Emotions in Middle English Metrical Romances. PhD dissertation, State University of New York at Buffalo (USA), 2019. Wurth, Noah. William Blake’s Guided Development of the Psyche: Augmenting Readerly Perception. BA thesis, University of North Carolina at Asheville (USA), 2019.

701

Womack, Nathan. Disrupting Suburban Religion: The Great Recession, Suburban Poverty, and Reframing Evangelical Narratives. PhD dissertation, University of California, Riverside (USA), 2019. Xu, Lufan. Ferruccio Busoni’s Operas: A Critical and Historical Study. PhD dissertation (in music), Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 2019. Yiting, Zhang. The Construction of Northrop Frye’s Myth Theory from the Perspective of Hermeneutics. MA thesis, Dalian University of Technology (China), 2019. In Chinese. Yixin, Liu. A Study of Northrop Frye’s Narrative Theory. MA thesis, Zhejiang University (China), 2019. In Chinese. Yuce, Basak. Remapping World Literature: Writing the Modern in Fin-de-siècle Brazil and Turkey. PhD dissertation, State University of New York at Binghamton (USA), 2019. Zeng, Qi. How Readers Enter the World in Front of the Text: Reading the Rich Young Man in Mark’s Gospel with Paul Ricoeur. MA thesis. Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley, CA (USA), 2019. 2020 Moser, Caitlin. Brilliant and Some Kind of Happiness: A Close Reading of Two Middle-Grade Novels’ Direct and Symbolic Representations of Depression. MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Canada), 2020. Vázquez, Julia María. The Artist as Curator: Diego Velázquez, 1623–1660. PhD dissertation, Columbia University (USA), 2020.

Appendix:

Frye’s Books: Editions and Translations

The following list is organized chronologically. The volumes of the Collected Works of Northrop Frye are listed separately in chapter 7. For reviews of Frye’s books, see chapter 6. The 127 translations of his books, along with separate collections of his essays, have appeared, to date, in 26 languages: Albanian (1), Arabic (2), Bulgarian (2), Catalan (2), Chinese (13), Croatian (2), Czech (3), Danish (1), Dutch (1), Farsi (1), French (11), German (6), Greek (1), Hungarian (5), Italian (21), Japanese

(17), Korean (11), Lithuanian (1), Polish (2), Portuguese (6), Romanian (3), Serbian (4), Slovenian (1), Spanish (8), Turkish (2), and Ukrainian (1). Many of the editions listed here and almost all of the translations are housed in the Robert D. Denham Collection in the Heritage Room of the Moncton Public Library, Moncton, New Brunswick.

1. Fearful Symmetry 1

Fearful Symmetry: A Study of William Blake. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1947. 462 pp. 23.5 x 15.5 cm. Illustrations follow pp. 3, 74, 140, 208, 300, and 386. Casebound.

1a

Fearful Symmetry: A Study of William Blake. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1958. 462 pp. 23.5 x 15.5 cm. Illustrations follow p. 54. Paperback.

1b

1c

1d

1e

Fearful Symmetry: A Study of William Blake. Boston: Beacon Press, 1962. 462 pp. 20.5 x 13.5 cm. Incorporates several minor changes and contains a preface written for this edition. Illustrations follow pp. 3, 74, 140, 208, 300, and 386. Paperback. Fearful Symmetry: A Study of William Blake. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1969. 462 pp. 21.5 x 13.5 cm. Same text as 1b, but with a preface written for this edition. Illustrations follow p. 54. Casebound. Fearful Symmetry: A Study of William Blake. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1969. 462 pp. 21.5 x 13.5 cm. Paperback. 10th printing, 1990; new cover with 13th printing. Agghiacciante simmetria: Uno studio su William Blake. Trans. Carla Plevano Pezzini and Francesca Valente, with the assistance of Amleto Lorenzini. Milan: Longanesi, 1976. 492 pp. 21.5 x 14.5 cm. Contains, in addition to the preface of 1c, another preface written in 1975 for this

translation. Illustrations follow p. 64. Stiff paper wrappers. [Italian] 1f

Fearful Symmetry: A Study of William Blake. Ed. Nicholas Halmi. Intro. Ian Singer. Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 14. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2004. l + 516 pp. 23.5 x 15.5 cm. Casebound.

2. Anatomy of Criticism 2

Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1957. x + 383 pp. 23.3 x 15.3 cm. Casebound.

2a

Analyse der Literaturkritik. Trans. Edgar Lohner and Henning Clewing. Foreword by Edgar Lohner. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer Verlag, 1964. 380 pp. 21 x 13 cm. Paperback. [German]

2b

Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays. New York: Atheneum, 1965. 383 pp. 21 x 13.3 cm. Paperback.

2c

Anatomie de la critique. Trans. Guy Durand. Paris: Gallimard, 1969. 454 pp. 22.5 x 13.7 cm. Stiff paper wrappers. [French]

2d

Anatomia della critica: Quattro saggi. Trans. Paola Rosa-Clot and Sandro Stratta. Turin: Einaudi, 1969. 484 pp. No index in this translation. Paperback. [Italian]

2e

Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1971. x + 383 pp. 21.6 x 13.8 cm. Paperback.

704

2f

2g

Appendix. Frye’s Books: Editions and Translations

Anatomia della critica: Quattro saggi. Trans. Paola Rosa-Clot and Sandro Stratta, revised with the help of Amleto Lorenzini. Turin: Einaudi, [1972]. 484 pp. 18.1 x 10.7 cm. No index in this translation. 2nd (revised) ed. of 2d. Reissued 2000. Paperback. [Italian] Anatomia criticii. Trans. Domnica Sterian and Mihai Spăriosu. Bucharest: Editura Univers, 1972. 473 pp. 19.9 x 12.9 cm. Includes a preface by Vera Calin. Paperback. [Romanian]

2h

Anatomía da crítica. Trans. Péricles Eugênio and Silva Ramos. São Paulo: Editora Cultrix, [1973]. 362 pp. 19.3 x 12.9 cm. Stiff paper wrappers. [Portuguese]

2i

Anatomía de la critica: Cuatro ensayos. Trans. Edison Simons. Caracas: Monte Avila Editores, 1977. 500 pp. 17.4 x 11.9 cm. Paperback. 2nd ed., 1991. [Spanish]

2j

Anatomija kritike: Četiri eseja. Trans. Giga Garčan. Zagreb: Naprijed, 1979. 407 pp. 19.9 x 12.3 cm. Casebound. [Croatian]

2k

Hihyo no kaibo. Trans. Hiroshi Ebine, Kenji Nakamura, and Hiroshi Izubuchi. Tokyo: Hosei University Press, 1980. viii + 529 + 34 pp. 18.7 x 12.5 cm. Includes a sketch of Frye’s career by Hisaaki Yamanouchi, a bibliography of books by and about Frye, and translator’s notes and acknowledgments. Casebound. Rpt. 1991, 1998. Second ed. published in 2013. [Japanese]

2l

Pi-pyong-ui Hae-bu. Trans. Chol Kyu Yim. Seoul: Han-kil Sa, 1982. 535 pp. 22.4 x 15.2 cm. Stiff paper wrappers. [Korean]

2m

Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays. Korean Student Edition. [Seoul]: United Publishing and Promotion Co., Ltd., 1984. x + 383. 22.6 x 14.9 cm. “The Korean Student Edition is exclusively authorized by Princeton University Press for manufacture and distribution in the Republic of Korea.” Paperback.

2m

Anatomia na kritikata: Cetiri eseta. Sofia: Nauka i Izkustvo, 1987. Trans. Vasil Lulekov and Hristo Kanev. 494 + 3 pp. 20.2 x 14.4 cm. Biblioteka literaturni svetove: Serija svetovna literaturna misal. [Bulgarian]

2n

Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays. Taipei: Bookman Books, Ltd., [1987]. x + 383 pp. 20.7 x 14.7 cm. “This is an authorized Taiwan edition published under special arrangement with the proprietor for sale in Taiwan only.” Paperback.

An unauthorized edition of Anatomy of Criticism was published in Taiwan by Big Wave Press in 1976. 2o

Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays. Markham, ON: Penguin, 1990. x + 383 pp. 19.8 x 12.8 cm. Paperback.

2p

Anatomia e kritikës. Prishtinë: Rilindja, 1990. Trans. Avni Spahiu. 515 pp. 19 x 12.4 cm. Paperback. [Albanian]

2q

Tashrīh al-Naqd: Fusūlun Arba‛a. Trans. Mohammad Asfour. Amman, Jordan: University of Jordan Publications, Deanship of Academic Research, 1991. 381 pp. 23.8 x 16.6 cm. Paperback. [Arabic]

2r

Tashreeh al-Naqd. Trans. with an introduction by Muhyi al-Deen Sobhi. Tripoli, Libya; Tunis, Tunisia: Al-Dar al-Arabiyya lil-Kitab [Arabic House for Books], 1991. 498 pp. [Arabic]

2s

Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays. Toronto: CNIB, 1994. Sound recording, read by John Richardson. 3 cassettes.

2t

Άνατομία τής Κριτικής [Anatomia tis Kritikis]: Tessera Dokimia. Trans. Marizeta Georgoudea and Z.I. Siaphlekes. Athens: Gutenberg University Books, 1996. 379 pp. 23.8 x 15.4 cm. Stiff paper wrappers. Includes an introduction by Z.I. Siathlekes. [Greek]

2u

A kritika anatómiája: négy esszé. Trans. József Szili. [Budapest]: Helikon Kiadó, 1998. 322 pp. 23.8 x 16.7 cm. Casebound. [Hungarian]

2v

Piping de Pouxi. Trans. Chen Hui, Yuan Xianjun, and Wu Weiren. Tianjin: Baihua Literature and Art Publishing House, 1998. 475 pp. 20.2 x 13.3 cm. Paperback. [Chinese]

2w

Anatomija kritike: Četiri eseja. Trans. Giga Garčan. Zagreb: Golden Marketing, 2000. 457 pp. 21.5 x 13.5 cm. Casebound. A republication of 2j, but supplemented by an interview with Frye recorded in Zagreb in 1990 (pp. 409–20) and an essay on Frye’s criticism by Branko Gorjup (421–31). [Croatian]

2x

Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays. Foreword by Harold Bloom. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000. 400 pp. 21.5 x 13.7 cm. Paperback.

2y

Piping de Jiepou. Trans. Chen Hui, Yuan Xianjun, and Wu Weiren; revised by Wu Chizhe and annotated by Wu Chizhe and Robert D. Denham. Tianjin: Hundred-Flower Literary Press, 2000. 302 pp. 26.3 x 18.4 cm. Paperback. [Chinese]

2z

Pipʻyŏng ŭi haebu. Trans. Chʻŏl-gyu Im. Seoul: Han’gilsa, 2000. 705 pp. 24 cm. [Korean]

Appendix. Frye’s Books: Editions and Translations

705

2aa

Anatomie kritiky: Čtyři eseje. Trans. Sylva Ficová. With a preface by Harold Bloom. Brno: Host, 2003. 440 pp. 21.1 x 13.2 cm. Paperback. [Czech]

3a

The Educated Imagination. Toronto: Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, 1963. 68 pp. 20.3 x 12.7 cm. Paperback.

2bb

Anatomija kritištva: štirje eseji. Trans. Nuša Rozman. Ljubljana: Literarno-umetniško društvo Literatura, 2004. 352 pp. 23.7 x 16.3 cm. Includes an afterword by Marcello Potocco, 319–32. Stiff paper wrappers. [Slovenian]

3b

The Educated Imagination. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1964. 156 pp. 20.2 x 13.3 cm. Casebound.

3c

Anatomy of Criticism. Ed. Robert D. Denham. Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 22. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006. lxxii + 450 pp. 23.5 x 15.5 cm. Casebound.

The Educated Imagination. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, [1966]. 156 pp. 19.9 x 12.9 cm. Paperback.

3d

Piping de Jiepou. Trans. Chen Hui, Yuan Xianjun, and Wu Weiren. Tianjin: Baihua Literature and Art Publishing House, 2006. 534 pp. 21 cm. A new translation of 2v. [Chinese]

The Educated Imagination. Ed. Hisaaki Yamanouchi. Tokyo: Tsurumi shoten, 1967. viii + 135 pp. 18.2 x 12.7 cm. Paperback. English text with notes (pp. 102–35) for Japanese students.

3e

Anatomija kritike: četiri eseja. Trans. Gorana Raičević. Novi Sad: Orpheus; Beograd: Nolit, 2007. 452 pp. 21 cm. [Serbian]

Kyôyô no tame no sôzôryoko. Trans. Toro Egawa and Masahiko Maeda. Tokyo: Taiyosha, 1969. Rpt. 1980. 188 pp. 18.5 x 12.7 cm. Casebound. [Japanese]

3f

Pi ping de pou xi. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2009. xii + 383 pp. [Chinese]

The Educated Imagination. Toronto: Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, 1967. Sound recording. 6 tape reels.

3g

Pouvoirs de l’imagination: Essai. Trans. Jean Simard. Montreal: Éditions HMH, 1969. 168 pp. 20.5 x 14 cm. Stiff paper wrappers. [French]

3h

Sin-wha Mun-hak-non. Trans. Sangil Kim. Seoul: Ul-you Mun-wha-sa, 1971. 155 pp. 17.2 x 10.3 cm. [Korean]

3i

L’immaginazione coltivata. Trans. Amleto Lorenzini and Mario Manzari. Milan: Longanesi, 1974. 125 pp. 18.4 x 11.8 cm. Stiff paper wrappers. [Italian]

3j

The Educated Imagination. Braille ed. transcribed by Hilda Billig. 2 vols. Vancouver: Canadian National Institute for the Blind, 1979.

3k

The Educated Imagination. Toronto: CBC Enterprises, 1983. 68 pp. 20.3 x 12.5 cm. Paper. Same edition as 3a, but with an updated biographical note.

3l

Takhayyul-i farikhtah. Trans. and with a preface by Saeed Arbaab-Shirani. Tihran: Markaz-i Nashr-i Danishgahi [Centre for University Publications], 1984. 99 pp. 21.4 x 14.2 cm. Paperback. [Farsi]

3m

The Educated Imagination. Sound Recording. Vancouver: Crane Library, 1985. Cassettes, 1⅞ ips, 2 track, mono. A sound recording was also produced by CNIB in the 1970s. 1 tape, reel, 9.5 cm/s. 4 track, mono. An 8-hour reel version was produced by the Crane Library in 1972. 1 reel, 4.75 cm/s, 4 track, mono.

2cc

2dd

2ee

2ff

2gg

Anatomia krytyki. Trans. Monika Bokiniec. Afterword by Andrzej Zgorzelski. Gdańsk: University of Gdańsk Press, 2012. 440 pp. 23 cm. Series: Literatura i Okolice [Literature and Its Surroundings]. Series ed. Bogusław Żyłko. [Polish]

2hh

Hihyo no kaibo. 2nd ed. of 2k. Trans. Hiroshi Ebene, Kenji Nakamura, and Hiroshi Yabuchi. 2013. [Japanese]

2ii

Anatomia da Crítica: Quatro Ensaios. Trans. Marcus De Martini. São Paulo: É Realizações, Editora, 2014. 584 pp. 9.1 x 6.3 in. Translation of 2cc. [Portuguese]

2jj

‫תרוקיב לש הימוטנא‬: ‫תוסמ עברא‬. Trans. Ilana Bing. Modiin: Dvir, 2015. 490 pp. 15 x 23 cm. [Hebrew]

2kk

‫תרוקיב לש הימוטנא‬: ‫תוסמ עברא‬. Or Yehuda: Dvir. The Institute for the Study of Jewish and Israeli Literature and Culture, Ben Gurion University in the Negev, 2016. 480 pp. 15.5 x 22 cm. [Hebrew]

2ll

Eleştirinin Anatomisi: Dört Deneme. Trans. Hande Koçak. With a preface by Murat Belge. İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları, 2015. 430 pp. 14 x 20 cm. [Turkish]

3. The Educated Imagination 3

The Educated Imagination. Toronto: Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, 1963. 68 pp. 20.3 x 12.4 cm. Casebound.

706

3n

Appendix. Frye’s Books: Editions and Translations

Mun-hak-ui Ku-cho-wa Sang-sang-lyok. Trans. Sang-woo Lee. Seoul: Chip-mun-dang, 1987. First trans. and pub. in 1964; this, the 2nd printing of the 1st ed. (1987). 201 pp. 22.5 x 15.2 cm. Stiff paper wrappers. The volume also includes two essays by Frye, “Literature and Myth” (pp. 119–42) and “The Archetypes of Literature” (pp. 143–62), as well as the translator’s analysis, based on Frye’s criticism, of the mythical imagery in the writings of Kim Donginby (pp. 163–87). [Korean]

3o

The Educated Imagination. Toronto: House of Anansi, 1993. 68 pp. 24 x 12.7 cm. Paperback.

3p

‫يبدألا لايخلا‬. Trans. Hanna Aboud. Damascus, Syria: Manshurat Wazarat al-Thaqafah, 1995. 93 pp. 20 cm. [Arabic]

3q

The Educated Imagination. Large print text. Brantford, ON: W. Ross MacDonald School, Resource Services Library, 2002.

3r

Fulai Wenlun Sanzhong: Xiangxiangli de Xiuyang, Chuangzhao yu Zai Chuangzhao, Wenlian de Pipingjai [Three of Frye’s Critical Monographs (The Educated Imagination, Creation and Recreation, The Well-Tempered Critic)]. Trans. Xu Kun et al., revised with a preface and annotations by Wu Chizhe. HohHot: University of Inner Mongolia Press, 2003. 273 pp. 20 x 14.1 cm. Stiff paper wrappers. [Chinese]

3s

“The Educated Imagination” and Other Writings on Critical Theory, 1933–1963. Ed. Germaine Warkentin. Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 21. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006. xlix + 553 pp. 23.5 x 15.5 cm. Casebound.

3t

La imaginación educada. Trans. Sebastián Porrúa. Barcelona: Sirtes, 2007. 106 pp. 19.6 x 12.6 cm. Paperback. [Catalan]

3u

The Educated Imagination. Brantford, ON: W. Ross MacDonald School Resource Services Library, 2007. Sound recording. 1 CD–ROM.

3v

A imaginaçao educada. Trans. Adriel Teixeira, Bruno Geraidine, and Cristiano Gomes. Campinas, São Paulo:Vide, 2017. 21 x 13.8 cm. [Portuguese]

4. Fables of Identity 4

Fables of Identity: Studies in Poetic Mythology. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1963. 265 pp. 20.2 x 13.5 cm. Paperback. Contents: “The Archetypes of Literature” / “Myth, Fiction, and Displacement” / “Nature and Homer” / “New Directions from Old” / “The Structure of Imagery in The Faerie Queene” / “How True a Twain” /

“Recognition in The Winter’s Tale” / “Literature as Context: Milton’s Lycidas” / “Towards Defining an Age of Sensibility” / “Blake after Two Centuries” / “The Imaginative and the Imaginary” / “Lord Byron” / “Emily Dickinson” / “Yeats and the Language of Symbolism” / “The Realistic Oriole: A Study of Wallace Stevens” / “Quest and Cycle in Finnegans Wake” 4a

Favole d’identità: Studi di mitologia poetica. Trans. Ciro Monti. Turin: Einaudi, 1973. ix + 346 pp. 18 x 10.5 cm. Paperback. [Italian]

4b

Doitsusei no guwa: Shiteki shinwagaku no kenkyû. Trans. Tetso Maruko and other members of the Komazawa University Study Group. Tokyo: Hosei University Press, 1983. iv + 469 + 9 pp. 18.7 x 12.5 cm. Includes translators’ notes and epilogue. Casebound. Rpt. 1994. [Japanese]

4c

Песничка митологија [Pesnička mitologija]. Trans. Tanja Bulatović. Belgrade: Književna rec, 1999. 234 pp. 20 x 13.3 cm. Stiff paper wrappers. Includes biographical sketch of Frye and a bibliography of books by and about him. [Serbian]

4d

Fábulas de Identidade: Estudos de Mitologia Poética. Trans. Sandra Vasconcelos. São Paulo: Nova Alexandria, 2000. 288 pp. 20.9 x 13.8 cm. Stiff paper wrappers. [Portuguese]

5. T.S. Eliot 5

T.S. Eliot. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd, 1963. 106 pp. 18.2 x 11.4 cm. Paperback.

5a

T.S. Eliot. New York: Grove, 1963. 106 pp. Paperback.

5b

T.S. Eliot. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1966. 106 pp. Paperback.

5c

T.S. Eliot. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd, 1968. 106 pp. 18.2 x 11.4 cm. Revised ed. Paperback.

5d

Eliot. Trans. Jesús Díaz. Madrid: Ediciones y Publicaciones Españolas, 1969. 173 pp. 17 x 11 cm. Paperback. [Spanish]

5e

T.S. Eliot. New York: Capricorn Books, 1972. 106 pp. 18.4 x 10.9 cm. Paperback.

5f

T.S. Eliot. Trans. Tae-kun Kang. Seoul: Tam-kudang, 1979. 156 pp. 17.5 x 9.5 cm. [Korean]

5g

T.S. Eliot: An Introduction. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981. 109 pp. 20.3 x 13.1 cm. Includes updated bibliography of secondary sources. Paperback.

Appendix. Frye’s Books: Editions and Translations

5h

T.S. Eriotto. Trans. Hikaru Endo. Tokyo: Shimizukobun-do, 1981. xvi + 150 + 71 pp. 20.8 x 14.6 cm. Casebound in slipcase. [Japanese]

5i

Eliot-ron. Trans. Mun-hak-gwa So-hoi-yonku-so [Centre for Literature and Society]. Seoul: Chong-ha, 1986. [Korean]

5j

Eliot. Trans. Gino Scatasta. Bologna: Il Mulino, 1989. 126 pp. 20.4 x 12.3 cm. Paperback. [Italian]

5k

T.S. Eliot-ui Si-se-kye. Trans. Yun-ki Hong. Seoul: Myong-mun-dang, 1991. Bound together with the English version, 5g. 154 + [i–viii] + 109 pp. Stiff paper wrappers. Pp. 1–154. [Korean]

5l

T.S. Eliot. Trans. Elide-Lela Valarini. Rio de Janeiro: Imago, 1998. 114 pp. 20.9 x 13.8 cm. Stiff paper wrappers. [Portuguese]

5m

Pažintis su T.S. Eliotu. Vilnius: Baltos Lankos. [Lithuanian]

5n

T.S. Eliot is reprinted in Northrop Frye on Twentieth-Century Literature, 179–251, Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 29.

6g

The Well-Tempered Critic. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1963. 160 pp. 20.3 x 13.3 cm. Casebound.

6a

The Well-Tempered Critic. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1965. 160 pp. 19.9 x 13 cm. Paperback.

6b

Il critico ben temperato. Trans. Amleto Lorenzini and Mario Manzari. Milan: Longanesi, 1974. 141 pp. 18.4 x 11.7 cm. Stiff paper wrappers. [Italian]

6c

Yoi hihyoka. Trans. Michico Watanabe. Tokyo: Yashio shuppansha, 1980. 151 pp. 18 x 12.7 cm. Casebound in slipcase. [Japanese]

6d

The Well-Tempered Critic. Markham, ON: Fitzhenry & Whiteside, [1983]. 160 pp. 18.4 x 12.4 cm. Paperback.

6e

The Well-Tempered Critic. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, [1983]. 160 pp. 18.4 x 12.4 cm. Paperback.

6f

Fulai Wenlun Sanzhong [Frye’s Three Critical Monographs (The Educated Imagination, The Well-Tempered Critic, Creation and Recreation)]. Trans. Xu Kun et al., revised with a preface and annotations by Wu Chizhe. HohHot: University of Inner Mongolia Press, 2003. 273 pp. 20 x 14.1 cm. Stiff paper wrappers. [Chinese]

The Well-Tempered Critic is reprinted in The Educated Imagination and Other Writings on Critical Theory, 337–400, Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 21.

7. A Natural Perspective 7

A Natural Perspective: The Development of Shakespearean Comedy and Romance. New York: Columbia University Press, 1965. ix + 159 pp. 20.2 x 13.5 cm. Casebound.

7a

Shakespeares Vollendung: Eine Einführung in die Welt seiner Komödien. Trans. Hellmut Haug. Munich: Nymphenburger Verlagshandlung, 1966. 195 pp. 20.6 x 13 cm. Paperback. [German]

7b

A Natural Perspective: The Development of Shakespearean Comedy and Romance. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, [1969]. ix + 159 pp. 20.3 x 13.3 cm. Paperback.

7c

Shakespia kikeki to romansu no hatten. Trans. Ishihara Kosai and Ichikawa Hitoshi. Tokyo: Sanshusha, 1987. 241 pp. 18.7 x 12.5 cm. Casebound. [Japanese]

7d

A Natural Perspective: The Development of Shakespearean Comedy and Romance. Foreword by Stanley Cavell. New York: Columbia University Press, 1965. xxiii + 159 pp. 20.3 x 13 cm. Paperback. This edition was published in 1995.

7e

Une perspective naturelle: Sur les comédies de Shakespeare. Trans. Simone Chambon and Anne Wicke. Paris: Éditions Belin, 2001. 160 pp. 21.5 x 13.5 cm. Paperback. [French]

7f

Sheikusupia kigeki no sekai. Trans. Ishihara Kosai and Ichikawa Hitoshi. Tokyo: Sanshusha, 2001. 241 pp. 18.7 x 12.5 cm. Casebound. Rev. ed. of 7c. [Japanese]

7g

A Natural Perspective is reprinted in Northrop Frye’s Writings on Shakespeare and the Renaissance, 127–225, Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 29.

6. The Well-Tempered Critic 6

707

8. The Return of Eden 8

The Return of Eden: Five Essays on Milton’s Epics. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1965. viii + 145 pp. 20.2 x 13.7 cm. Casebound.

8a

The Return of Eden: Five Essays on Milton’s Epics. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1965. viii + 145 pp. 20.2 x 13.5 cm. Paperback.

708

Appendix. Frye’s Books: Editions and Translations

8b

Five Essays on Milton’s Epics. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1966. vii + 158 pp. 18.4 x 12 cm. Casebound.

8c

The Return of Eden is reprinted in Northrop Frye on Milton and Blake, 35–131, Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 16.

10c

The Modern Century. London: Oxford University Press, 1969. 123 pp. 20.3 x 13.3 cm. Paperback.

10d

Cultura e miti del nostro tempo. Trans. Vittorio Di Giuro. Milan: Rizzoli, 1969. 120 pp. 20.6 x 14.8 cm. Stiff paper wrappers. [Italian]

10e

Gendai bunka no hyaku nen. Trans. Hiroshi Ebine. Tokyo: Otowa shobo, 1971. 152 pp. 18.6 x 12.5 cm. Casebound. [Japanese]

10f

The Modern Century. Ed. Toshihiko Shibata. Tokyo: Tsurumi shoten, 1971. ii + 138 pp. 18.1 x 12.7 cm. Paperback. English textbook edition with 26 pp. of notes.

10g

The Modern Century. New edition. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1991. 135 pp. 18.5 x 11.5 cm. Paperback. Includes Frye’s 1990 address “The Cultural Development of Canada.”

10h

Xian dai bai nian. Trans. Sheng Ning. Shenyang: Liaoning Educational Press; Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1998. 98 pp. 19.5 x 12.8 cm. Stiff paper wrappers. [Chinese]

10i

The Modern Century is reprinted in Northrop Frye on Modern Culture, 3–70, Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 11.

10j

The Modern Century. Reprinted in City of the End of Things: Lectures on Science, Civilization and Empire. Ed. Jonathan Hart. Don Mills, ON: Oxford University Press, 2008.

9. Fools of Time 9

Fools of Time: Studies in Shakespearean Tragedy. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1967. vii + 121 pp. 20.2 x 13.5 cm. Casebound.

9a

Fools of Time: Studies in Shakespearean Tragedy. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1973. vii + 121 pp. 20.2 x 13.5 cm. Paperback.

9b

Tempo che opprime, tempo che redime: Riflessioni sul teatro di Shakespeare. Trans. Valentina Poggi and Maria Pia De Angelis. Bologna: Il Mulino, 1986. 197 pp. 21.2 x 13.3 cm. Part 1 (pp. 13–113) is a translation by Valentina Poggi of Fools of Time. Part 2 (pp. 115–197) is a translation by Maria Pia De Angelis of The Myth of Deliverance. Paperback. [Italian]

9c

Tokin no Doketatchi: Shakespeare-higeki no Kenkyu. Trans. Michiko Watanabe. Tokyo: Yashio shuppansha, 1986. 234 pp. 19 cm. [Japanese]

9d

Les fous des temps: Sur les tragédies de Shakespeare. Trans. Jean Mouchard. Paris: Éditions Belin, 2001. 128 pp. 21.5 x 13.5 cm. Paperback. [French]

9e

Fools of Time: Studies in Shakespearean Tragedy. Saint-Lazare, Quebec: Gibson Library Connections, 2008. Sound recording.

9e

Fools of Time is reprinted in Northrop Frye’s Writings on Shakespeare and the Renaissance, 250– 327, Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 29.

11. A Study of English Romanticism 11

A Study of English Romanticism. New York: Random House, 1968. vi + 180 pp. 18.3 x 10.7 cm. Paperback.

11a

A Study of English Romanticism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982. vi + 180 pp. 20.2 x 13 cm. Paperback.

11b

A Study of English Romanticism. Brighton, Sussex: Harvester Press, 1983. vi + 180 pp. 20.2 x 13 cm. Paperback.

11c

Igirisu Romanshyugi no Shinwa. Trans. Michiko Watanabe. Tokyo: Yashio suppansha, 1985. 245 pp. 18 x 12.7 cm. Casebound in slipcase. [Japanese]

11d

A Study of English Romanticism is reprinted in Northrop Frye’s Writings on the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries, 92–205, Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 17.

10. The Modern Century 10

The Modern Century. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1967. 123 pp. 18.4 x 11.7 cm. Casebound.

10a

Le siècle de l’innovation: Essai. Trans. François Rinfret. Montreal: Éditions HMH, 1968. 162 pp. 19.7 x 12.5 cm. Paperback. [French]

10b

La culture face aux media: Essai. Trans. François Rinfret. Tours: Maison Mame, 1969. 115 pp. 21 x 10.9 cm. Paperback. [French]

Appendix. Frye’s Books: Editions and Translations

12. The Stubborn Structure 12

The Stubborn Structure: Essays on Criticism and Society. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1970. xii + 316 pp. 21.1 x 13.9 cm. Casebound. Contents: “The Instruments of Mental Production” / “The Knowledge of Good and Evil” / “Speculation and Concern” / “Design as a Creative Principle in the Arts” / “On Value-Judgements” / “Criticism, Visible and Invisible” / “Elementary Teaching and Elemental Scholarship” / “Varieties of Literary Utopias” / “The Revelation to Eve” / “The Road of Excess” / “The Keys to the Gates” / “The Drunken Boat: The Revolutionary Element in Romanticism” / “Dickens and the Comedy of Humours” / “The Problem of Spiritual Authority in the Nineteenth Century” / “The Top of the Tower: A Study of the Imagery of Yeats” / “Conclusion to Literary History of Canada”

12a

The Stubborn Structure: Essays on Criticism and Society. London: Methuen, 1970. xii + 316 pp. 21.1 x 13.9 cm. Casebound.

12b

The Stubborn Structure: Essays on Criticism and Society. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, [1971]. xii + 316 pp. 21.1 x 13.7 cm. Paperback.

12c

12d

12e

12f

La estructura inflexible de la obra literaria: Ensayos sobre crítica y sociedad. Trans. Rafael Durbán Sánchez. Madrid: Taurus, 1973. 411 pp. 21 x 13.2 cm. Paperback. [Spanish] The Stubborn Structure: Essays on Criticism and Society. London: Methuen, 1974. xii + 316 pp. 21.1 x 13.7 cm. Paperback. L’ostinata struttura: Saggi su critica e società. Trans. Leonardo Terzo and Anna Paschetto. Revised by Amleto Lorenzini. Milan: Rizzoli, 1975. 267 pp. 21.7 x 13.9 cm. Paperback. [Italian] The Stubborn Structure: Essays on Criticism and Society. London: Methuen, 1980. xii + 316 pp. 21.5 x 13.4 cm. Issued as Methuen Library Reprint. Casebound.

13. The Bush Garden 13

The Bush Garden: Essays on the Canadian Imagination. Toronto: Anansi, 1971. x + 256 pp. 21.5 x 13.7 cm. Casebound. Contents: “From ‘Letters in Canada’” / “Canada and Its Poetry” / “The Narrative Tradition in English-Canadian

709

Poetry” / “Turning New Leaves” / “Preface to an Uncollected Anthology” / “Silence in the Sea” / “Canadian and Colonial Painting” / “David Milne: An Appreciation” / “Lawren Harris: An Introduction” / “Conclusion to a Literary History of Canada.” “Preface” reprinted in Northrop Frye on Canada, 412–20, Collected Works on Northrop Frye, vol. 12. 13a

The Bush Garden: Essays on the Canadian Imagination. Toronto: Anansi, 1971. x + 256 pp. 21.5 x 13.5 cm. Paperback.

13b

Tum-bul Tong-san. Trans. Sang-ran Lee. Seoul: Mul-kyol Sori, 1990. 312 pp. 23 cm. [Korean]

13c

The Bush Garden: Essays on the Canadian Imagination. 2nd ed. Intro. Linda Hutcheon. Concord, ON: Anansi, 1995. xxx + 259 pp. 21.5 x 13.3 cm. Paperback.

13d

The Bush Garden: Essays on the Canadian Imagination. Braille ed., 8 vols. Toronto: Canadian National Institute for the Blind, 1992.

14. The Critical Path 14

The Critical Path: An Essay on the Social Context of Literary Criticism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1971. 174 pp. 20.1 x 13.5 cm. Casebound.

14a

The Critical Path: An Essay on the Social Context of Literary Criticism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1971. 174 pp. 19.8 x 13 cm. Paperback.

14b

O caminho critico: Um ensaio sobre o contexto social da crítica literária. Trans. Antônio Arnoni Prado. São Paulo: Editora Perspectiva, 1973. 169 pp. 20.5 x 11.3 cm. Paperback. [Portuguese]

14c

Hihyo no michi. Trans. Doke Hiroichiro. Tokyo: Kenkyu-sha, 1974. 212 pp. 18.7 x 12.8 cm. Casebound. [Japanese]

14d

The Critical Path: An Essay on the Social Context of Literary Criticism. Brighton, Sussex: Harvester Press, 1983. 174 pp. 21.5 x 13.7 cm. Paperback.

14e

Mun-hak-ui Kil. Trans. Boo Eung Koh. Seoul: Sim-chi, 1984. 201 pp. 21 x 14.8 cm. Stiff paper wrappers. [Korean]

14f

El camino crítico: Ensayo sobre contexto social de la crítica literaria. Trans. Miguel Mac-Veigh. Madrid: Taurus, 1986. 149 pp. 21 x 13.4 cm. Paperback. [Spanish]

710

Appendix. Frye’s Books: Editions and Translations

14g

P’i ping chih lu: Lo-ssu-lo pu Fu-lai chu. Trans. Wang Fengzhen and Min-li Chin. Beijing: Peking University Press, 1998. 22 x 13.8 cm. 122 pp. Stiff paper wrappers. [Chinese]

14h

“The Critical Path” and Other Writings on Critical Theory, 1963–1975. Ed. Eva Kushner and Jean O’Grady. Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 27. xliii + 492 pp. 23.5 x 15.5 cm. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009.

15. The Secular Scripture 15

The Secular Scripture: A Study of the Structure of Romance. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1976. vii + 199 pp. 20.5 x 14 cm. Casebound.

15a

The Secular Scripture: A Study of the Structure of Romance. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1976. vii + 199 pp. 20.4 x 13.8 cm. Paperback.

15b

La scrittura secolare: Studio sulla struttura “romance.” Trans. Amleto Lorenzini. Bologna: Il Mulino, 1978. 191 pp. 21.3 x 13.1 cm. Paperback. [Italian]

15c

La escritura profana: Un studio sobre la estructura del romance. Trans. Edison Simons. Barcelona: Monte Avila, 1980. 235 pp. 17.4 x 11.9 cm. Paperback. 2nd ed. 1992. [Spanish]

15d

L’Écriture profane: Essai sur la structure du romanesque. Trans. Cornelius Crowley. [Saulxures, France]: Circé, 1998. 203 pp. 20 x 12 cm. Paperback. [French]

15e

Sezoku no seiten: Romansu no kozo. Trans. Nakamura Kenji and Mano Yasushi. Tokyo: Hosei University Press, 1999. 19 + 224 pp. 18.8 x 12.5 cm. Casebound. [Japanese]

15f

“The Secular Scripture” and Other Writings on Critical Theory. Ed. Joseph Adamson and Jean Wilson. Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 18. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006. xliii + 588 pp. 23.5 x 15.5 cm.

15g

Shisu de jingxian: Chuanqi gushi jiegou yanjiuy. Trans. Meng Xiangchun. Shanghai: Century Publishing Group, Shanghai People’s Publishing House, 2010. 14 + 218 pp. 22.9 x 15 cm. Paperback. [Chinese]

Contents: “The Search for Acceptable Words” / “The University and Personal Life” / “The Renaissance of Books” / “The Times of the Signs” / “Expanding Eyes” / “Charms and Riddles” / “Romance as Masque” / “Spengler Revisited” / “Agon and Logos” / “Blake’s Reading of the Book of Job” / “The Rising of the Moon” / “Wallace Stevens and the Variation Form” 16a

Spiritus Mundi: Essays on Literature, Myth, and Society. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1976. xvi + 296 pp. 21.5 x 13.4 cm. Paperback.

16b

Spiritus Mundi: Essays on Literature, Myth, and Society. [Markham, ON]: Fitzhenry & Whiteside, [1983]. xvi + 296 pp. 21.5 x 13.4 cm. Paperback.

16c

Spiritus Mundi: Essays on Literature, Myth, and Society. [Richmond Hill, ON]: Fitzhenry & Whiteside, [1991]. xvi + 296 pp. 21.5 x 14 cm. Paperback.

16d

Spiritus Mundi: Essays on Literature, Myth, and Society. Braille ed., 9 vols. Toronto: Canadian National Institute for the Blind, 1991.

16e

Spiritus Mundi: Essays on Literature, Myth, and Society. Toronto: CNIB, 2002. Sound recording read by Desmond Scott. 4 computer laser optical discs.

17. Northrop Frye on Culture and Literature 17

Northrop Frye on Culture and Literature: A Collection of Review Essays. Ed. Robert D. Denham. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978. viii + 264 pp. 20.1 x 13 cm. Casebound. Contents: “Myth as Information” / “The Shapes of History” / “Symbolism of the Unconscious” / “World Enough without Time” / “Total Identification” / “Art in a New Modulation” / “Forming Fours” / “Ministry of Angels” / “The Rhythm of Growth and Decay” / “Nature Methodized” / “The Acceptance of Innocence” / “The Young Boswell” / “Long, Sequacious Notes” / “Neoclassical Agony” / “Interior Monologue of M. Teste” / “Phalanx of Particulars” / “Orwell and Marxism” / “Novels on Several Occasions” / “The Nightmare Life in Death” / “Graves, Gods, and Scholars” / “Poetry of the Toute Ensemble”

17a

Northrop Frye on Culture and Literature: A Collection of Review Essays. Ed. Robert D. Denham. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978. viii + 264 pp. 20.4 x 13 cm. Paperback.

17b

Wen lun xuan ji. Trans. Wu Chizhe. Beijing: Zhongguo she hui ke xue chu ban she chu ban fa hong, 1998. 2 + 22 + 504 pp. 20 cm. [Chinese]

16. Spiritus Mundi 16

Spiritus Mundi: Essays on Literature, Myth, and Society. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1976. xvi + 296 pp. 20.8 x 13.8 cm. Casebound.

Appendix. Frye’s Books: Editions and Translations

18. Creation and Recreation 18

Creation and Recreation. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1980. 76 pp. 21.5 x 13.7 cm. Paperback.

18a

Creation and Recreation. Braille ed., 2 vols. Toronto: Canadian National Institute for the Blind, 1992.

18b

Creation and Recreation. Toronto: Canadian National Institute for the Blind, 1992. Sound recording read by Vincent Tovell. 1 cassette.

18c

Fulai Wenlun Sanzhong [Frye’s Three Critical Monographs (The Educated Imagination, The Well-Tempered Critic, Creation and Recreation)]. Trans. Xu Kun et al., rev. with a preface and annotations by Wu Chizhe. HohHot: University of Inner Mongolia Press, 2003. 274 pp. 20 x 14.1 cm. Stiff paper wrappers. [Chinese]

18d

18e

Creation and Recreation is reprinted in Northrop Frye on Religion, 35–82, Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 4. 創造と再創造 [Sozo to saisozo]. Trans. by Shunichi Takayanagi. Tokyo: Shinkyo Shuppansha, 2012. 134 pp. 18.8 x 12.5 cm. [Japanese]

18f

Creació i recreació. Trans. Josep Pelfort. Santa Coloma de Queralt: Obrador Edèndum S.L., forthcoming. [Catalan]

18g

Schöpfung und Neuschöpfung. Trans. Peter Seyffert. Anif/Salzburg: Verlag Mueller-Speiser, 2013. 63 pp. [German]

19. The Great Code 19

The Great Code: The Bible and Literature. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1982. xxiii + 261 pp. 23.2 x 15.2 cm. Casebound.

19a

The Great Code: The Bible and Literature. Toronto: Academic Press, 1982. xxiii + 261 pp. 23.2 x 15.2 cm. Casebound.

19b

The Great Code: The Bible and Literature. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1982. xxiii + 261 pp. 23.2 x 15.2 cm. Casebound.

19c

The Great Code: The Bible and Literature. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1983. xxiii + 261 pp. 20.3 x 13.3 cm. Harvest paperback.

19d

The Great Code: The Bible and Literature. Toronto: Academic Press, 1983. xxiii + 261 pp. 20.3 x 13.3 cm. Paperback.

19e

19f

19g

19h

19i

19j

19k

19l

19m

19n

19o

711

The Great Code: The Bible and Literature. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1983. xxiii + 261 pp. 20.3 x 13.3 cm. Type has been slightly reduced for this edition, the book is printed on lighter stock, and the frontispiece has been reproduced on the inside front cover. With the seventh printing the book was released by Harcourt, Brace, and Co. as a Harvest Book, with a slightly redesigned front cover. This Harvest paperback was reprinted by Harcourt, Inc. with a new cover, without the frontispiece, and with a new ISBN in 2003. A similar version was issued by Mariner Books (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt) in 2002. The Great Code: The Bible and Literature. London: Ark Paperbacks, 1983. xxi + 261. 19.7 x 12.8 cm. Paperback. Le Grand Code: La Bible et la littérature. Trans. Catherine Malamoud. Preface by Tzvetan Todorov. Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 1984. 339 pp. 20.4 x 13.8 cm. Paperback. [French] Veliki kod(eks): Biblija i književnost. Trans. Novica Milić and Dragan Kujundžić. Belgrade: Prosveta, 1985. 320 pp. 19.6 x 13 cm. Casebound. [Serbian] The Great Code: The Bible and Literature. Sound recording. Vancouver: Crane Library, 1985. 10 cassettes, 1⅞ ips, 2 track, mono. 12 hrs. 40 min. A sound recording was also produced by Canadian National Institute for the Blind in 1982. 3 tape reels, 9.5 cm/s, 4 track, mono. Il grande codice: La Bibbia e la letteratura. Trans. Giovanni Rizzoni. Turin: Einaudi, 1986. 306 pp. 20.4 x 12.3 cm. Paperback. [Italian] De Grote Code: De Bijbel en de literatuur. Trans. Léon Stapper. Intro. by W. Bronzwaer. Nijmegen: SUN, 1986. 351 pp. 22 x 13.8 cm. Paperback. [Dutch] El gran código: Una lectura mitológica y literaria de la Biblia. Trans. Elizabeth Casals. Barcelona: Editoria Gedisa, 1988. 281 pp. 22.5 x 15.3 cm. Paperback. 2nd ed. pub. 2018. [Spanish] The Great Code: The Bible and Literature. Braille ed. Toronto: Canadian National Institute for the Blind, 1989. The Great Code: The Bible and Literature. Markham, ON: Penguin, 1990. xxiii + 261 pp. 21 x 13.8 cm. Paperback. Den store kode: Bibelen & lityeraturen. Trans. Ole Lindegård Henriksen. Intro. by Jan Ulrik Dyrkjoeb. Århus, Denmark: Aros, 1991. 351 pp. 13 x 20 cm. Stiff paper wrappers. [Danish]

712

Appendix. Frye’s Books: Editions and Translations

19p

Sung-so-wa Mun-hak. Trans. Kim Yong-chol. Seoul: Sungsil University Press, 1993. 354 pp. 22.3 x 15 cm. Paperback. 2nd ed., pub. in 1996. [Korean]

19q

ВЕЛИКИЯТ КОД [Velikiyt Kod]. Trans. Vassil Dudekov-Kurshev. Sofia: Gal-Ico Publications, 1993. 276 pp. 20 x 13 cm. Paperback. [Bulgarian]

19r

Oi naru taikei: Seisho to bungaku. Trans. Ito Chikai. Tokyo: Hosei University Press, 1995. 426 + 28 pp. 18.8 x 12.7 cm. [Japanese]

19dd Al-Kitab al-Kubra Mudawwana al-al-Muqaddas wa-l-adab. Trans. Sa’id Al-Ghanimi. Freiberg: Al-

19s

Kettős tükör: A Biblia és az irodalom. Trans. Péter Pásztor. Budapest: Európa Könyvkiadó, 1996. 432 pp. 18.4 x 12.2 cm. Paperback. [Hungarian]

19ee

Великий код: Біблія і література. Trans. Irina Starovoit. Lviv: Chronicle, 2010. 362 pp. [Ukrainian]

19ff

Il grande codice: Bibbia e letteratura. Trans. Giovanni Rizzoni. Preface by Piero Boitani. Milan: Vita Pensiero, 2018. 328 pp. [Italian]

19t

19u

Wei da de dai ma: Shengjing yu wen xue. Trans. Hao Zhengyi, Fan Zhenguo, and He Chengzhou. Beijing: Peking University Press, 1998. 297 pp. 22 x 13.8 cm. Stiff paper wrappers. [Chinese] Marele cod: Biblia şi literatura. Trans. Aurel Sasu and Ioana Stanciu. Bucharest: Editura Atlas, 1999. 305 pp. 20.1 x 12.9 cm. Paperback. [Romanian]

19v

Wielki kod: Biblia i literatura. Trans. Agnieszka Fulińska. Bydgoszcz: Wydawnictwo Homini, 2000. With an introductory essay by Michał Paweł Markowski. 246 pp. 23.8 x 16.5 cm. Paperback. [Polish]

19w

Velký kód [Bible a literatura]. Trans. Sylva Ficová and Alena Přibáňová. Brno: Host, 2000. 286 pp. 21.1 x 13.2 cm. Casebound. [Czech]

19x

The Great Code: The Bible and Literature. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1983 [2003]. xxiii + 261 pp. 20.3 x 13.3 cm. Similar to 19e, this Harvest paperback was reprinted by Harcourt, Inc. with a new cover, without the frontispiece, and with a new ISBN in 2003.

19y

O Código dos códigos: A Bíblia e a Literatura. Trans. Flávio Aguiar. São Paulo: Boitempo Editorial, 2004. 296 pp. 23 x 16 cm. Stiff paper wrappers, French fold. [Portuguese]

19z

The Great Code: The Bible and Literature. Ed. Alvin A. Lee. Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 19. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006. xlix + 380 pp. 23.5 x 15.5 cm.

19aa

Büyük Şifre: Kitab’ı Mukaddes ve Batı Edebiyatı. Trans. Selma Aygül Baş. Istanbul: İz Yayincilik, 2006. 358 pp. 21 x 13.6 cm. Paperback. [Turkish]

19bb The Great Code: The Bible and Literature. Toronto: Penguin Canada, 2007. Introduction by Alvin A. Lee. xx + 312 pp. 18.8 x 13.7 cm. Paperback. Modern Classics Series.

19cc

Der Grosse Code: Die Bibel und Literatur. Trans. Peter Seyffert. Ed. Peter Tschuggnall. Anif/Salzburg: Verlag Mueller-Speiser, 2007. 271 pp. 21.1 x 14.8 cm. Paperback. Includes an afterword by Peter Tschuggnall, “Lesen wider die Tradition: Northrop Frye und seine Literaturkritische Lesart von Bibel und Kultur,” pp. 263–71. [German]

Kamel Verlag, 2009. 380 pp. 21.5 x 14.4 cm. [Arabic]

20. Divisions on a Ground 20

Divisions on a Ground: Essays on Canadian Culture. Ed. James Polk. Toronto: Anansi, 1982. 199 pp. 21.5 x 13.5 cm. Casebound. Contents: “Culture as Interpenetration” / “Across the River and Out of the Trees” / “National Consciousness in Canadian Culture” / “Sharing the Continent” / “‘Conclusion’ to Literary History of Canada, Second Edition” / “Teaching the Humanities Today” / “Humanities in a New World” / “The Writer and the University” / “The Teacher’s Source of Authority” / “The Definition of a University” / “The Ethics of Change” / “Canada: New World without Revolution” / “The Rear-View Mirror: Notes toward a Future.”

20a

Divisions on a Ground: Essays on Canadian Culture. Braille ed., 1 vol. Toronto: Canadian National Institute for the Blind, 1992; 6 vols., computer Braille, 1994.

21. The Myth of Deliverance 21

The Myth of Deliverance: Reflections on Shakespeare’s Problem Comedies. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1983. viii + 90 pp. 21.4 x 13.8 cm. Paperback.

21a

The Myth of Deliverance: Reflections on Shakespeare’s Problem Comedies. Brighton, Sussex: Harvester Press, 1983. viii + 90 pp. 21.5 x 13.6 cm. Casebound.

Appendix. Frye’s Books: Editions and Translations

713

21b

The Myth of Deliverance: Reflections on Shakespeare’s Problem Comedies. Brighton, Sussex: Harvester Press, 1983. viii + 90 pp. 21.4 x 13.9 cm. Paperback.

23e

Shakespeare: Nove lezioni. Trans. Andrea Carosso. Turin: Einaudi, 1990. x + 201 pp. 25 x 12.3 cm. Paperback. [Italian]

21c

Tempo che opprime, tempo che redime: Riflessioni sul teatro di Shakespeare. Trans. Valentina Poggi and Maria Pia De Angelis. Bologna: Il Mulino, 1986. 197 pp. 21.2 x 13.3 cm. Part 1 (pp. 13–113) is a translation by Valentina Poggi of Fools of Time. Part 2 (pp. 115–197) is a translation by Maria Pia De Angelis of The Myth of Deliverance. Paperback. [Italian]

23f

Nosuroppu furai no Sheikusipia kogi. Trans. Ishihara Kosai, Ichikawa Hitoshi, and Hayashi Akito. Tokyo: Sanshusha, 1991. Rpt. 2001. 356 pp. 18.8 x 12.5 cm. Casebound. [Japanese]

23g

Sobre Shakespeare. 2nd ed. Trans. Simone Lopes de Mello. São Paulo: Editora da Universidade de São Paulo, 1999. 228 pp. 18 x 12.5 cm. Paperback. 1st ed., pub. in 1992. [Portuguese]

23h

Northrop Frye on Shakespeare is reprinted in Northrop Frye on Shakespeare and the Renaissance, 455–622, Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 28.

21d

The Myth of Deliverance: Reflections on Shakespeare’s Problem Comedies. Intro. A.C. Hamilton. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1992. 21.4 x 13.8 cm. Paperback.

21e

Ku-won-ui Sin-wha. Trans. Whang Kye-chong. Seoul: Kuk-hak Cha-ryo-won, 1995. 212 pp. 22.6 x 15.2 cm. Stiff paper wrappers. Includes Frye’s “The Argument of Comedy” (pp. 139–60) and “Old and New Comedy” (pp. 161–79), as well as Ian Donaldson’s “Justice in the Stocks” (pp. 181–200). [Korean]

21f

24. On Education 24

On Education. Markham, ON: Fitzhenry & Whiteside, 1988. 211 pp. 22.7 x 15 cm. Casebound. [This book was the 1989 selection for Canada Wire’s Red Reel Library: Fitzhenry & Whiteside issued a special edition, bound in red fabrikoid with the title and “The Red Reel Library” gilt-stamped on the spine and with each recipient’s name giltstamped on the front cover. The dust jacket is copper-colored card stock, die-cut so as to reveal the recipient’s name.] Contents: “The Beginning of the Word” / “The Study of English in Canada” / “The Critical Discipline” / “Academy without Walls” / “Design for Learning: Introduction” / “The Changing Pace in Canadian Education” / “The Social Importance of Literature” / “The Day of Intellectual Battle: Reflections on Student Unrest” / “A Revolution Betrayed: Freedom and Necessity in Education” / “Education and the Rejection of Reality” / “Research and Graduate Education in the Humanities” / “On Teaching Literature” / “Criticism as Education” / “The Bridge of Language” / “Culture and Society in Ontario, 1784–1984” / “The Authority of Learning” / “Language as the Home of Human Life” / “The Emphasis Is on the Individual . . .” The preface to this volume, as well as the separate essays, are reprinted in Northrop Frye’s Writings on Education, Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 7.

24a

On Education. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1988. 211 pp. 22.7 x 15 cm. Casebound.

24b

On Education. Markham, ON: Fitzhenry & Whiteside, 1990. 211 pp. 22.7 x 15 cm. Paperback.

The Myth of Deliverance is reprinted in Northrop Frye on Shakespeare and the Renaissance, 361–424, Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 28.

22. Harper Handbook to Literature 22

[With Sheridan Baker and George W. Perkins]. Harper Handbook to Literature. New York: Harper & Row, 1985. ix + 563 pp. 20.9 x 13.9 cm. Paperback.

23. Northrop Frye on Shakespeare 23

Northrop Frye on Shakespeare. Ed. Robert Sandler. Markham, ON: Fitzhenry & Whiteside, 1986. vi + 186. 22.7 x 15 cm. Casebound.

23a

Northrop Frye on Shakespeare. Ed. Robert Sandler. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1986. vi + 186 pp. 22.7 x 15 cm. Casebound.

23b

Northrop Frye on Shakespeare. Ed. Robert Sandler. Markham, ON: Fitzhenry & Whiteside, 1986. vi + 186. 22.8 x 15.1 cm. Paperback.

23c

Northrop Frye on Shakespeare. Ed. Robert Sandler. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1986. vi + 186 pp. 22.6 x 15 cm. Paperback.

23d

Shakespeare et son théâtre. Trans. Charlotte Melançon. Paris: Boréal-Express, 1988. 272 pp. 21.4 x 13.7 cm. Paperback. [French]

714

Appendix. Frye’s Books: Editions and Translations

25. No Uncertain Sounds 25

No Uncertain Sounds. Toronto: Chartres Press, 1988. 44 pp. 22.1 x 14 cm. Casebound. Contents: “By Liberal Things” / “To Come to Light”

26. Mito metaphora simbolo 26

Mito metafora simbolo. Trans. Carla Pezzini Plevano and Francesca Valente Gorjup. Rome: Editori Riuniti, 1989. 218 pp. 21.5 x 14.4 cm. Paperback. [Italian]. Contents [English titles]: “The Mythical Approach to Creation” / “The Expanding World of Metaphor” / “Vision and Cosmos” / “The Symbol as a Medium of Exchange” / “The Stage Is All the World” / “The Survival of Eros in Poetry” / “The Bride from the Strange Land” / “Castiglione’s Il Cortegiano” / “The Tempest” / “Cycle and Apocalypse in Finnegans Wake” / “Blake’s Bible” / “The Meeting of Past and Future in William Morris”

27. Myth and Metaphor 27

27a

27b

Myth and Metaphor: Selected Essays, 1974– 1988. Ed. Robert D. Denham. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1990. xviii + 386 pp. 23.5 x 15.3 cm. Casebound. Contents: “The Koine of Myth: Myth as a Universally Intelligible Language” / “Literary and Linguistic Scholarship in a Postliterate World” / “The Symbol as a Medium of Exchange” / “The Survival of Eros in Poetry” / “The View from Here” / “Framework and Assumption” / “The Dialectic of Belief and Vision” / “The Expanding World of Metaphor” / “The Responsibilities of the Critic” / “Some Reflections on Life and Habit” / “The Rhythms of Time” / “Literature as a Critique of Pure Reason” / “Literature and the Visual Arts” / “The Stage is All the World” / “The Journey as Metaphor” / “The Double Mirror” / “The Mythical Approach to Creation” / “Crime and Sin in the Bible” / “Blake’s Bible” / “Natural and Revealed Communities” / “Castiglione’s Il Cortegiano” / “The Meeting of Past and Future in William Morris” / “The World as Music and Idea in Wagner’s Parsifal” / “Cycle and Apocalypse in Finnegans Wake” Myth and Metaphor: Selected Essays, 1974– 1988. Ed. Robert D. Denham. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1991. xviii + 386 pp. 23.4 x 15.1 cm. Paperback.

Shinwa to Metafa, Essei 1974–1989. Universitas Series 784. Trans. Takayanagi Shunichi. Tokyo: Hosei Daigaku Shuppan-kyoku, 2004. xviii + 507 + 54 pp. 18.8 x 12.5 cm. (pp. 485–507, Takayanagi’s commentary). Casebound. [Japanese]

28. Words with Power 28

28a

28b

28c

28d

28e

28f

28g

28h

Words with Power: Being a Second Study of “The Bible and Literature.” New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1990. xxiv + 342 pp. 22.5 x 15 cm. Casebound. Words with Power: Being a Second Study of “The Bible and Literature.” Toronto: Viking, 1990. xxiv + 342 pp. 22.5 x 15 cm. Casebound. Words with Power: Being a Second Study of “The Bible and Literature.” Toronto: Penguin, 1992. xxiv + 342 pp. 21 x 14 cm. Paperback. Words with Power: Being a Second Study of “The Bible and Literature.” New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1992. xxiv + 342 pp. 21 x 14 cm. Paperback. Words with Power: Being a Second Study of “The Bible and Literature.” Braille ed., 9 vols. Toronto: Canadian National Institute for the Blind, 1993. Words with Power: Being a Second Study of “The Bible and Literature.” Toronto: Canadian National Institute for the Blind, 1994. Sound recording read by Mac Samples. 3 cassettes. La Parole souveraine: La Bible et la littérature II. Trans. Catherine Malamoud. Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 1994. 357 pp. 20.5 x 14 cm. Paperback. [French] Il potere delle parole: Nuovi studi su Bibbia e letteratura. Trans. Eleonora Zoratti. Florence: La Nuova Italia Editrice, 1994. viii + 355 pp. 21 x 12.7 cm. Stiff paper wrappers. [Italian] Poderosas palabras: La Biblia y nuestras metáforas. Trans. Claudio López de Lamadrid. Barcelona: Muchnik Editores, 1996. 421 pp. 21.1 x 13.3 cm. Stiff paper wrappers. [Spanish]

28i

Az Ige hatalma. Trans. Péter Pásztor. Budapest: Európa Könyvkiadó, 1997. 414 pp. 18.4 x 12.4 cm. Paperback. [Hungarian]

28j

Chikara ni michita kotoba: Inyu toshiteno bungaku to seisho. Trans. Yamagata Kazumi. Tokyo: Hosei University Press, 2001. xxiv + 422 + 20pp. 18.7 x 12.5 cm. Includes translator’s notes and acknowledgements. Casebound. [Japanese]

Appendix. Frye’s Books: Editions and Translations

28k

Shenlide Yuyan: Shengjin yu Wenxue Yanjiu xubian. Trans. Wu Chizhe. Preface by Ye Shuxian. Beijing: Social Sciences Documentation Publishing House, 2004. 351 pp. 20.2 x 13.7 cm. Stiff paper wrappers. [Chinese]

28l

Words with Power: Being a Second Study of “The Bible and Literature.” Introduction by Alvin A. Lee. Toronto: Penguin Canada, 2007. xxv + 310 pp. 18.8 x 13.7 cm. Paperback. Modern Classics Series.

28m

Words with Power: Being a Second Study of “The Bible and Literature.” Ed. Michael Dolzani. Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 26. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2008. lvi + 343 pp. 23.5 x 15.5 cm. Casebound.

28n

Kudretli Kelimeler Kitab-ı Mukaddes ve Batı Edebiyatı Üzerine İkinci Bir İnceleme. Trans. Selma Aygül Baş. Istanbul: İz Yayıncılık, 2008. 376 pp. 21 x 13.6 cm. Paperback. [Turkish]

28o

Machtvolle Worte: Eine Zweite Studie über “Bibel und Literatur.” Trans. Peter Seyffert. Anif/ Salzburg. Verlag Mueller-Speiser, 2013. 277 pp. [German]

“Literature and Society” / “William Blake” / “The Church: Its Relation to Society” / “The Analogy of Democracy” / “Religion and Modern Poetry” / “The Baccalaureate Sermon” / “Symbols” / “All Things Made Anew” / “A Leap in the Dark” / “Wisdom and Knowledge” / “Substance and Evidence” / “Wyndham Lewis: Anti-Spenglerian” / “War on the Cultural Front” / “Reflections at a Movie” / “Turning New Leaves: Ernst Jünger” / “Dr. Kinsey and the Dream Censor” / “Trends in Modern Culture” / “Oswald Spengler” / “Preserving Human Values” / “America: True or False?” / “RearView Crystal Ball” / “Literature and the Law” / “The Quality of Life in the Seventies” / “Violence and Television” / “Undemocratic Censorship” / “Canadian Authors Meet” / “Revenge or Justice?” / “Merry Christmas” / “So Many Lost Weekends” / “Merry Christmas?” / “Duncan Campbell Scott” / “Gandhi” / “Canadian Dreiser” / “Dean of Critics” / “Merry Christmas” / “Cardinal Mindszenty” / “Culture and the Cabinet” / “The Two Camps” / “Law and Disorder” / “To Define True Madness” / “Nothing to Fear but Fear” / “Merry Christmas” / “George Orwell” / “New Liberties for Old” / “John D. Robins” / “Regina vs. the World”

29. Reading the World 29

Reading the World: Selected Writings, 1935–1976. Ed. Robert D. Denham. New York: Peter Lang, 1990. xvi + 416 pp. 22.7 x 15 cm. Casebound. Contents: “Current Opera: A Housecleaning” / “Ballet Russe” / “The Jooss Ballet” / “Frederick Delius” / “Music and the Savage Breast” / “The Great Charlie” / “Music in the Movies” / “The Eternal Tramp” / “Men as Trees Walking” / “Canadian Art in London” / “Water Colour Annual” / “The Pursuit of Form” / “Academy without Walls” / “The Myth of Light” / “The Canadian Scene: Explorers and Observers” / “A Liberal Education” / “Education and the Humanities” / “The Larger University” / “The Developing Imagination” / “The University of the World” / “Education as Immersion and Struggle” / “The Community of Freedom” / “Universities and the Deluge of Cant” / “Systematic Criticism” / “The Chicago Critics” / “Content with the Form” / “The Transferability of Literary Concepts” / “An Indispensable Book” / “Mixed Bag” / “Lovely Evening” / “Experimental Writing” / “Blake on Trial Again” / “Turning New Leaves: Nursery Rhymes” / “Shakespeare and the Modern World” /

715

30. The Double Vision 30

The Double Vision: Language and Meaning in Religion. Toronto: United Church Publishing House, 1991. xviii + 85 pp. 22.4 x 15.1 cm. Paperback.

30a

The Double Vision: Language and Meaning in Religion. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1991. xviii + 85 pp. 22.7 x 15 cm. Casebound.

30b

The Double Vision: Language and Meaning in Religion. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1991. xviii + 85 pp. 22.4 x 15.1 cm. Paperback.

30c

The Double Vision: Language and Meaning in Religion. Toronto: Canadian National Institute for the Blind, 1991. Sound recording, read by Mac Samples. 1 cassette.

30d

La duplice visione: Linguaggio e significato nella religione. Trans. Francesca Valente Gorjup and Carla Plevano Pezzini. Preface by Agostino Lombardo. Venice: Marsilio, 1993. 101 pp. 21.3 x 15.4 cm. Paperback. [Italian]

716

30e

Appendix. Frye’s Books: Editions and Translations

Dubla visiune: Limbaj si şemnificaţie în religie. Trans. Ioana Stanciu and Aurel Sasu. Bucharest: Editure Fundatiei Culturale Române, 1993. 139 pp. 19.4 x 13 cm. Paperback. [Romanian]

30f

The Double Vision: Language and Meaning in Religion. Braille ed., 2 vols. Toronto: Canadian National Institute for the Blind, 1993.

30g

A kettős látomás. Trans. Lukács Ilona. Pannonhalmi szemle 3 (1995). The four chapters were published in four successive numbers of vol. 3 of this journal: no. 1, pp. 27–38; no. 2, pp. 56–70; no. 3, pp. 48–62; and no. 4. pp. 33–53. [Hungarian]

30h

The Double Vision is reprinted in Northrop Frye on Religion, 166–235, Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 4.

30i

Daburu vijon: Shukyo ni okeru gengo to imi. Trans. Takashi Eda. Tokyo: Shinkyo Shuppansha, 2012. 172 pp. 18.8 x 12.5 cm. [Japanese]

30j

Die doppelte Vision: Sprache und Bedeutung in der Religion. Trans. Peter Seyffert. Anif/Salzburg. Verlag Mueller-Speiser, 2013. 97 pp. [German]

30k

Dvojí vidění. Jazyk a význam v náboženství. Trans. Kateřina Černá. Prague: Malvern, 2014. 96 pp. 20.5 x 14.5 cm. [Czech]

31. A World in a Grain of Sand 31

A World in a Grain of Sand: Twenty-Two Interviews with Northrop Frye. Ed. Robert D. Denham. New York: Peter Lang, 1991. 351 pp. 22.7 x 15 cm. Casebound.

32. Mit i struktura 32

Mit i struktura. Trans. Maja Herman Sekulić. Sarajevo: Svjetlost, 1991. 255 pp. 20 cm. A selection of Frye’s essays translated into Serbian. Contents (English titles): “The Archetypes of Literature” / “Myth, Fiction and Displacement” / “Nature and Homer” / “New Directions from Old”/ “On Value Judgements” / “The Keys to the Gates” / “Literature as Context: Milton’s Lycidas” / “Old and New Comedy”/ “The Return from the Sea” (chap. 4 of A Natural Perspective) / “The Word and World of Man” (chap. 1 of The Secular Scripture) / “The Drunken Boat: The Revolutionary Element in Romanticism” / “The Renaissance of Books”

33. Reflections on the Canadian Literary Imagination 33

Reflections on the Canadian Literary Imagination: A Selection of Essays by Northrop Frye. Ed. and intro. Branko Gorjup. Preface by Agostino Lombardo. Rome: Bulzoni Editore, 1992. 196 pp. 21.1 x 14 cm. Paperback. Contents: “Canada and Its Poetry” / “The Narrative Tradition in English-Canadian Poetry” / “Preface to an Uncollected Anthology” / “Conclusion to Literary History of Canada” / “Conclusion to Literary History of Canada (Second Edition)” / “Haunted by Lack of Ghosts” / “Culture as Interpenetration” / “Across the River and Out of the Trees” / “National Consciousness in Canadian Culture” / “Levels of Cultural Identity”

33a

Mythologizing Canada: Essays on the Canadian Literary Imagination. Ed. and intro. Branko Gorjup. Ottawa: Legas, 1997. 205 pp. 23 x 14.4 cm. Paperback. Contents are the same as those of 33, with the addition of “Culture and Society in Ontario, 1784–1984.”

34. Northrop Frye in Conversation 34

Northrop Frye in Conversation [an interview with David Cayley]. Concord, ON: House of Anansi, 1992. x + 228 pp. 20.3 x 12.5 cm. Paperback.

34a

Entretiens avec Northrop Frye. Trans. Clifford Bacon. [Saint-Laurent, Quebec]: Bellarmin, 1996. 319 pp. 19.1 x 12.5 cm. Paperback. [French]

34b

Conversación con Northrop Frye. Trans. Carlos Manzano. Barcelona: Ediciones Península, 1997. 154 pp. 21 x 13 cm. Stiff paper wrappers. [Spanish]

34c

Northrop Frye in Conversation [an interview with David Cayley]. Braille edition. Toronto: Canadian National Institute for the Blind, 1998. 3 vols. (343 pp.) of computer Braille.

35d

Northrop Frye in Conversation is reprinted in Interviews, 916–1035, Collected Works of Northrop Frye, vol. 24.

35. The Eternal Act of Creation 35

The Eternal Act of Creation: Essays, 1979-90. Ed. Robert D. Denham. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993. xix + 188 pp. 15.2 x 23.5 cm. Casebound. Contents: “Auguries of Experience” / “Literary and Mechanical Models” / “Literature as Therapy” / “Repetitions of Jacob’s Dream” / “The Bride from the Strange Land” /

Appendix. Frye’s Books: Editions and Translations

“Blake’s Biblical Illustrations” / “Shakespeare’s The Tempest” / “Varieties of Eighteenth-Century Sensibility” / “Henry James and the Comedy of the Occult” / “Approaching the Lyric” / “Criticism and Environment” / “Harold Innis: The Strategy of Culture” / “Levels of Cultural Identity” 36. La letteratura e le arti visive e altri saggi 36

La letteratura e le arti visive e altri saggi. Trans. Carla Plevano Pezzini. Catanzaro: Abramo, 1993. 198 pp. 18 x 10 cm. Stiff paper wrappers. Contents [English titles]: “The Responsibilities of the Critic” / “Approaching the Lyric” / “The World as Music and Idea in Wagner’s Parsifal” / “Literature as a Critique of Pure Reason” / “Blake’s Biblical Illustrations” / “Literature and the Visual Arts”

37. Northrop Frye: A Biblia Igézetében 37

Northrop Frye: A Biblia igézetében: Esszé, prédikáció, interjú. Budapest: akieutikai Kutatóközpont, 1995. 119 pp. 14 x 20 cm. Paperback. [Hungarian]. Contents: Frye’s “The Double Mirror”; three sermons; interviews with Frye by Tibor Fabiny, David Cayley, Stan Correy, and Don Anderson; the CBC “Ideas of Northrop Frye” transcripts; an interview of Robert D. Denham by Tibor Fabiny and Péter Pásztor; and an annotated bibliography of Frye’s books.

38. Selected Essays 38

Nuosiluopu Fulai Wen lun xuan ji [Northrop Frye: Selected Essays]. Ed. Wu Chizhe. Beijing: China Press of Social Sciences, 1997. 1–2 + 405 pp. 22 x 13.8 cm. Paperback. [Chinese]. Contents (English titles): “The Responsibilities of the Critic” / “Criticism, Visible and Invisible” / “The Search for Acceptable Words” / “Literature as Therapy” / “The Archetypes of Literature” / “Forming Fours” / “Myth, Fiction, and Displacement” / “Design as a Creative Principle in the Arts” / “Expanding Eyes” / “Literature as a Critique of Pure Reason” / “The Koine of Myth: Myth as a Universally Intelligible Language” / “The Symbol as a Medium of Exchange” / “The Mythical Approach to Creation” / “‘Conclusion’ to Literary History of Canada” (1965), / “Criticism and Environment” / “The Cultural

717

Development of Canada” / “The Stage Is All the World” / “Literature as Context: Milton’s Lycidas” / “Blake after Two Centuries” / “Yeats and the Language of Symbolism” 39. Biblical and Classical Myths 39

Frye and Jay Macpherson. Biblical and Classical Myths: The Mythological Framework of Western Culture. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2004. 471 pp. 23 x cm. Paperback. Pp. 1–270 reprint “The Symbolism of the Bible” from Northrop Frye’s Notebooks and Lectures on the Bible and Other Religious Texts.

39a

Biblical and Classical Myths: The Mythological Framework of Western Culture. Canadian Electronic Library, 2008.

40. Northrop Frye Unbuttoned 40

Northrop Frye Unbuttoned: Wit and Wisdom from Frye’s Notebooks and Diaries. Selected by Robert D. Denham. Frankfort, KY: Gnomon, 2004. 326 pp. 23.5 x 15 cm. Casebound and paperback.

40a 

Northrop Frye Unbuttoned: Wit and Wisdom from Frye’s Notebooks and Diaries. Selected by Robert D. Denham. Toronto: Anansi, 2004. 326 pp. 23.5 x 15 cm. Casebound.

41. Frammenti critici 41

Frammenti critici. Ed. and trans. Stefano Calabrese and Daniela Feltracco. Parma: Monte Università Parma Editore, 2005. 174 pp. 21.1 x 14 cm. Paper wrappers, French fold. A selection of entries from Frye’s notebooks. [Italian]

42. Selected Letters 42

Northrop Frye: Selected Letters: 1934–1991. Ed. Robert D. Denham. Jefferson, NC, and London: McFarland and Co., 2009. 336 pp. 25.5 x 17.7 cm. Paperback.

43. The Northrop Frye Quote Book 43

The Northrop Frye Quote Book. Ed. John Robert Colombo. Toronto: Dundurn, 2014. 648 pp. 22.8 x 15 cm. Paperback.

718

Appendix. Frye’s Books: Editions and Translations

44. A Northrop Frye Chrestomathy 44

A Northrop Frye Chrestomathy. Ed. Robert D. Denham. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2015. 306 pp. 20.5 x 14.3 cm. Casebound.

45. Northrop Frye’s Lectures, 1947–1955 45

Northrop Frye’s Lectures: Student Notes from His Courses, 1947–1955. Ed. Robert D. Denham. Newcastle on Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016. 687 pp. 20.5 x 14.3 cm. Casebound.