The Quran: Key Word Distribution, Correlations and Collocation Frequencies.: Adjectives, Nouns, Proper Nouns and Verbs 9781463244156

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The Quran: Key Word Distribution, Correlations and Collocation Frequencies.

Gorgias Islamic Studies

16

Gorgias Islamic Studies spans a wide range of subject areas, seeking to understand Islam as a complete cultural and religious unity. This series draws together political, socio-cultural, textual, and historical approaches from across disciplines. Containing monographs, edited collections of essays, and primary source texts in translation, this series seeks to present a comprehensive, critical, and constructive picture of this centuries- and continent-spanning religion.

‫القرآن‬ The Quran Key Word Distribution, Correlations and Collocation Frequencies Adjectives, Nouns, Proper Nouns and Verbs

Volume 1 ʾ-B/‫ب‬

- ٔ‫ا‬

Elie Wardini

gp 2022

Gorgias Press LLC, 954 River Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA www.gorgiaspress.com 2022 Copyright © by Gorgias Press LLC

All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise without the prior written permission of Gorgias Press LLC. ‫ܐ‬

1

2022

ISBN 978-1-4632-4414-9

ISSN 2637-3998

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A Cataloging-in-Publication Record is available at the Library of Congress. Printed in the United States of America

The Quran: Key Word Distribution, Correlations and Collocation Frequencies The aim with the present series, The Quran: Key Word Distribution, Correlations and Collocation Frequencies, is to present key data related to the lexicon of the Quran, in terms of Key Word distribution and lexical associations. The digital text used for this purpose is the Uthmani text of the Tanzil Quran Text (for attribution see below). This text is widely used, and we have conducted some comparison to pre-digital age printed editions of the Quran. All vocalized Arabic text is quoted unaltered in any shape or form from the Tanzil text. Unvocalized Arabic text and transcriptions are my own. In this volume, each Key Word (KW), here adjectives, nouns, proper nouns and verbs, in the Quran which lemma begins with ʾ/ٔ‫ ا‬through B/‫ ب‬is presented together with the following key data: Degree of Concentration, Weighted Distribution, Correlations and Collocation Frequencies. The Key Words are always referenced by their lemma and are sorted alphabetically according to Arabic and UNICODE order. In lemmatizing the words, no attention has been given to the semantics of each word. Only on rare occasion have similar forms of words or proper nouns been separated in order to avoid confusion. In assigning each word a lemma, Classical dictionaries and Quran commentaries, as well as modern Quran dictionaries have been consulted. Deciding on these is not always obvious, since classical dictionaries and commentaries sometimes either disagree or present divergent variant readings or root and lemma attributions. iii

In the present series, the following definitions and computations are applied and the results presented: • Degree of Concentration (°concentration): a. nr. of attestations of the KW in the Quran b. nr. of ayas in which the KW is attested c. nr. of suras in which the KW is attested d. nr. of unique collocations* with which the KW is attested => °concentration of the KW *For a definition of collocation, see below.

Degree of Concentration is based on the four data points a, b, c and d, as described above, where each data point is a vector which magnitude influences the overall spread of the Key Word in the Quran. The resultant °concentration (in %) is therefore a normalized vector which is computed as follows: °concentration = 1/z (inverse of spread) z = normalized y (**see definition below) y = √x (in order to accommodate extreme variation) x = √(a² + b² + c² + d²) (sum of vectors in 4D) **Normalized where 1 attestation, in 1 aya, in 1 sura with 0 collocations = 100% °concentration (16 cases are attested).

• Weighted Distribution: e. nr. of attestations of the KW in each aya or sura => weighted distribution of the KW in each aya or sura

Weighted Distribution (WD) is computed as follows: WD = √w (in order to accommodate extreme variation) w = nr. of attestations of KW in aya or sura / total nr. of words in aya or sura

The Weighted Distribution of a certain Key Word represents therefore of the percentage that each Key Word occupies in iv

an aya or sura relative to the total nr. of words in that aya or sura. The following graph plots the weighted value of 1 word in each sura. It forms a background base-line (in grey) for the relative Weighted Distribution of each Key Word attested in the Quran (in black under each lemma).

The Weighted Distribution of Key Words across the suras is represented graphically and is placed after the list of the numbers of attestations of each Key Word in the suras. • Correlations: Correlations are relative distribution patterns of Key Words across the Quran. Correlations are calculated with Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient r for each Key Word attested in the Quran relative to every other attested Key Word. In the present work, correlations are based on the Weighted Distribution (as defined above) of each Key Word in every aya (n=6236; nr. of ayas) across the suras. r ranges from -1 (100% inversely correlated) to 1 (100% correlated). The (statistically significant) critical value for n=6236 is |r|$0.025, !=0.05, p%0.05. The zero and alternate hypotheses (H0 & Ha) are as follows: H0: the distribution of KW1 is statistically different from KW2 Ha: the distribution of KW1 is statistically similar to KW2

Key Words that have a relative correlation coefficient that is less than the critical value |r|CG! !ihtad" r=0.062; S*j„ &a."r r=0.062; o$\ fari'a r=0.062; KH6!$EG! !isr"!#l r=0.061; /Ylk+ til"wa r=0.061; t"p zalaq r=0.061; 5*Hç %iy"! r=0.061; q3ŽN ma,n" r=0.060; (?Z '(b r=0.059; $gT qi-r r=0.058; tc?N maw,iq r=0.058; fb!% !")i+ r=0.057; 0!7.>EG! !istibd"l 1

‫ ٓاتى‬- ʾātā

2

r=0.057; ‫ تمام‬tamām r=0.057; ‫ عظيم‬ʿaďīm r=0.057; ‫ نقير‬naqīr r=0.057; ‫ إبن‬ʾibn r=0.056; ‫ معرض‬muʿriḍ r=0.056; ‫ منطق‬manṭiq r=0.055; ‫ بخل‬baḫila r=0.054; ‫عقد‬ ʿaqada r=0.054; ‫ عمى‬ʿammā r=0.054; ‫ نتق‬nataqa r=0.054; ‫ إبتدع‬ʾibtadaʿa r=0.053; ‫ حسن‬ḥasan r=0.053; ‫ ربا‬rabā r=0.053; ‫ رعاية‬riʿāya r=0.053; ‫ رهبانية‬rahbāniyya r=0.053; ‫ بين‬bayyin r=0.052; ‫ جبت‬jibt r=0.052; ‫ شد‬šadda r=0.052; ‫ ظهر‬ďahr r=0.052; ‫ هدى‬hudā r=0.052; ‫ تخويف‬taḫwīf r=0.051; ‫ فتى‬fatā r=0.051; ‫ بسطة‬basṭa r=0.050; ‫ تخسير‬taḫsīr r=0.050; ‫ ضعف‬ḍiʿf r=0.050; ‫ عيسى‬ʿīsā r=0.050; ‫ فتيل‬fatīl r=0.050; ‫قوة‬ quwwa r=0.050; ‫ إصدق‬ʾiṣṣaddaqa r=0.049; ‫ محصن‬muḥṣan r=0.049; ‫ منزل‬munazzal r=0.049; ‫ آنف‬ʾānif r=0.048; ‫ بغاء‬biġāʾ r=0.048; ‫ تحصن‬taḥaṣṣun r=0.048; ‫ كاتب‬kātaba r=0.048; ‫ أذل‬ʾaḏalla r=0.047; ‫ أعز‬ʾaʿazza r=0.047; ‫ تبرج‬tabarraja r=0.047; ‫تبرج‬ tabarruj r=0.047; ‫ تطهير‬taṭhīr r=0.047; ‫ سابق‬sābaqa r=0.047; ‫ هدية‬hadiyya r=0.047; ‫ إئتلى‬ʾiʾtalā r=0.046; ‫ تظاهر‬taďāhara r=0.046; ‫ حصر‬ḥaṣara r=0.046; ‫ خلى‬ḫallā r=0.046; ‫ خير‬ḫayrøI r=0.046; ‫ فضل‬faḍḍala r=0.046; ‫ مؤتي‬muʾtī r=0.046; ‫ مرصد‬marṣad r=0.046; ‫ معروف‬maʿrūf r=0.046; ‫ موفي‬mūfī r=0.046; ‫ نبي‬nabiyy r=0.046; ‫ يحيى‬yaḥyā r=0.046; ‫ أشرب‬ʾašraba r=0.045; ‫ راجع‬rājiʿ r=0.045; ‫ ضار‬ḍārra r=0.045; ‫ طل‬ṭall r=0.045; ‫ فرق‬farraqa r=0.045; ‫ فريق‬farīq r=0.045; ‫ وزير‬wazīr r=0.045; ‫ أنى‬ʾanā r=0.044; ‫ حديد‬ḥadīdøI r=0.044; ‫ عصمة‬ʿiṣma r=0.044; ‫ قطر‬quṭr r=0.044; ‫ أثقل‬ʾaṯqala r=0.043; ‫ أيقن‬ʾayqana r=0.043; ‫ تغشى‬taġaššā r=0.043; ‫ جاوز‬jāwaza r=0.043; ‫جزية‬ jizya r=0.043; ‫ دان‬dāna r=0.043; ‫ ظلوم‬ďalūm r=0.043; ‫ قبل‬qabl r=0.043; ‫ ناء‬nāʾa r=0.043; ‫ أخذ‬ʾaḫaḏa r=0.042; ‫ إزدرى‬ʾizdarā r=0.042; ‫ بلاء‬balāʾ r=0.042; ‫تفسح‬ tafassaḥa r=0.042; ‫ حصاد‬ḥaṣād r=0.042; ‫ خصاصة‬ḫaṣāṣa r=0.042; ‫ زبرة‬zubra r=0.042; ‫ طوق‬ṭawwaqa r=0.042; ‫ فسح‬fasaḥa r=0.042; ‫ مجلس‬majlis r=0.042; ‫ معروش‬maʿrūš r=0.042; ‫ نشز‬našaza r=0.042; ٔ‫ هيا‬hayyaʾa r=0.042; ‫ أكبر‬ʾakbara r=0.041; ‫تعاسر‬ taʿāsara r=0.041; ‫ سكين‬sikkīn r=0.041; ‫ ضيق‬ḍayyaqa r=0.041; ٔ‫ متكا‬muttakaʾ r=0.041; ‫ ميثاق‬mīṯāq r=0.041; ‫ وجد‬wujd r=0.041; ‫ وقى‬waqā r=0.041; ‫ حسد‬ḥasada r=0.040; ‫ درس‬darasa r=0.040; ‫ طاب‬ṭāba r=0.040; ‫ عاشر‬ʿāšara r=0.040; ‫ قدس‬qudus r=0.040; ‫ إختلف‬ʾiḫtalafa r=0.039; ‫ أراد‬ʾarāda r=0.039; ‫ أفرغ‬ʾafraġa r=0.039; ‫ بخل‬buḫl r=0.039; ‫ عزل‬ʿazala r=0.039; ‫ كسا‬kasā r=0.039; ‫ مسكين‬miskīn r=0.039; ‫مكن‬ makkana r=0.039; ‫ وراء‬warāʾ r=0.039; ‫ دولة‬dūla r=0.038; ‫ فاكه‬fākih r=0.038; ‫لائم‬ lāʾim r=0.038; ‫ لومة‬lawma r=0.038; ‫ رشد‬rušd r=0.037; ‫ ركع‬rakaʿa r=0.037; ‫طالوت‬ ṭālūt r=0.037; ‫ لعب‬laʿib r=0.037; ‫ متخذ‬muttaḫiḏ r=0.037; ‫ محسن‬muḥsin r=0.037; ‫ مختال‬muḫtāl r=0.037; ‫ وابل‬wābil r=0.037; ‫ يمين‬yamīn r=0.037; ‫ تابع‬tābiʿ r=0.036; ‫ عاهد‬ʿāhada r=0.036; ‫ قنطار‬qinṭār r=0.036; ‫ إيمان‬ʾīmān r=0.035; ‫ راسخ‬rāsiḫ r=0.035; ‫ قبلة‬qibla r=0.035; ‫ لقمان‬luqmān r=0.035; ‫ آمن‬ʾāmana r=0.034; ‫ إعتصم‬ʾiʿtaṣama r=0.034; ‫ إمساك‬ʾimsāk r=0.034; ‫ بعث‬baʿṯ r=0.034; ‫ تبدل‬tabaddala r=0.034; ‫تسريح‬ tasrīḥ r=0.034; ‫ رفع‬rafaʿa r=0.034; ‫ قنت‬qanata r=0.034; ‫ مصدق‬muṣaddiq r=0.034; ‫ نقيب‬naqīb r=0.034; ‫ وكل‬wakkala r=0.034; ‫ يعقوب‬yaʿqūb r=0.034; ‫ أفاء‬ʾafāʾa r=0.033; ٔ‫ درا‬daraʾa r=0.033; ‫ راغب‬rāġib r=0.033; ‫ طير‬ṭayr r=0.033; ‫ قارون‬qārūn r=0.033; ‫كلام‬ kalām r=0.033; ‫ نصب‬naṣab r=0.033; ‫ دفع‬dafʿ r=0.032; ‫ رأفة‬raʾfa r=0.032; ‫ شرعة‬širʿa r=0.032; ‫ مرضاة‬marḍāt r=0.032; ‫ منهاج‬minhāj r=0.032; ‫أبقى‬ʾabqāøI r=0.031; ‫بلغ‬ balaġa r=0.031; ‫ حاج‬ḥājja r=0.031; ‫ حمل‬ḥaml r=0.031; ‫ رحمان‬raḥmān r=-0.031; ‫سفر‬

3

ʾātā - ‫ٓاتى‬

safar r=0.031; ‫ قر‬qarra r=0.031; ‫ مريب‬murīb r=0.031; ‫ أثمر‬ʾaṯmara r=0.030; ‫أخبت‬ ʾaḫbata r=0.030; ‫ تثبيت‬taṯbīt r=0.030; ‫ حل‬ḥill r=0.030; ‫ خول‬ḫawwala r=0.030; ‫شاكر‬ šākir r=0.030; ‫ صدقة‬ṣadaqa r=0.030; ‫ عرف‬ʿarafa r=0.030; ‫ عنت‬ʿanat r=0.030; ‫كتم‬ katama r=0.030; ‫ ميراث‬mīrāṯ r=0.030; ‫ هوى‬hawiya r=0.030; ‫ أرضع‬ʾarḍaʿa r=0.029; ‫ إستنكح‬ʾistankaḥa r=0.029; ‫ إسحق‬ʾisḥāq r=0.029; ‫ أسى‬ʾasiya r=0.029; ‫ أشفق‬ʾašfaqa r=0.029; ‫ أعتد‬ʾaʿtada r=0.029; ‫ إمرؤ‬ʾimruʾ r=0.029; ‫ خلل‬ḫalal r=0.029; ‫ درجة‬daraja r=0.029; ‫ فخور‬faḫūr r=0.029; ‫ لعن‬laʿana r=0.029; ‫ هارون‬hārūn r=0.029; ‫ أحب‬ʾaḥabba r=0.028; ‫ إسترضع‬ʾistarḍaʿa r=0.028; ‫ إسم‬ʾism r=-0.028; ‫ ألزم‬ʾalzama r=0.028; ‫تشاور‬ tašāwur r=0.028; ‫ مرة‬marra r=0.028; ‫ إبراهيم‬ʾibrāhīm r=0.027; ‫ جسم‬jism r=0.027; ‫ رسالة‬risāla r=0.027; ‫ شمال‬šimāl r=0.027; ‫ صعيد‬ṣaʿīd r=0.027; ‫ فرح‬fariḥ r=0.027; ‫لحق‬ laḥiqa r=0.027; ‫ مرية‬mirya r=0.027; ‫ مفصل‬mufaṣṣal r=0.027; ‫ أرض‬ʾarḍ r=-0.026; ‫إكراه‬ ʾikrāh r=0.026; ‫ إلاه‬ʾilāh r=-0.026; ‫ بغي‬baġy r=0.026; ‫ جحد‬jaḥada r=0.026; ‫ حاش‬ḥāša r=0.026; ‫ حكم‬ḥakam r=0.026; ‫ خبيث‬ḫabīṯ r=0.026; ‫ خلق‬ḫalaqa r=-0.026; ‫عضل‬ ʿaḍala r=0.026; ‫ عند‬ʿind r=0.026; ٔ‫ قرا‬qaraʾa r=0.026; ‫ كلف‬kallafa r=0.026; ‫مفتاح‬ miftāḥ r=0.026; ‫ إذن‬ʾiḏn r=0.025; ‫ أنفق‬ʾanfaqa r=0.025; ‫ بايع‬bāyaʿa r=0.025; ‫تيسر‬ tayassara r=0.025; ‫ زينة‬zīna r=0.025; ‫ كفر‬kafara r=0.025; ‫ ناس‬nās r=0.025

‫ رب‬،zakātø24x ‫ زكاوة‬،ʾātāø26x ‫ آتى‬،qālaø35x ‫ قال‬،kitābø61x ‫ كتاب‬،ʾallāhø74x ‫ألله‬ ‫ فضل‬،mūsāø21x ‫ موسى‬،ṣalātø21x ‫ صلاة‬،ʾajrø21x ‫ أجر‬،ʾaqāmaø22x ‫ أقام‬،rabbø23x ٓ‫ اية‬،qablø13x ‫ قبل‬،kullø16x ‫ كل‬،kānaø17x ‫ كان‬،ʾāmanaø17x ‫ آمن‬،ʿilmø19x ‫ علم‬،faḍlø20x ‫ آخرة‬،mulkø11x ‫ ملك‬،mālø11x ‫ مال‬،rasūlø12x ‫ رسول‬،ʾaḫaḏaø12x ‫ أخذ‬،ʾāyaø12x ،šayʾø9x ‫ شيء‬،šāʾaø9x ‫ شاء‬،ḫayrøIø9x ‫ خير‬،ḥaqqø10x ‫ حق‬،jaʿalaø10x ‫ جعل‬،ʾāḫiraø10x ‫ عند‬،ʿalimaø8x ‫ علم‬،ʿaďīmø8x ‫ عظيم‬،dunyāø8x ‫ دنيا‬،bayyinø8x ‫ بين‬،baʿdø8x ‫بعد‬ ،ʾittaqāø6x ‫ إتقى‬،nāsø7x ‫ ناس‬،ḥikmaø7x ‫ حكمة‬،ḥukmø7x ‫ حكم‬،nabiyyø8x ‫ نبي‬،ʿindø8x ،kafaraø6x ‫ كفر‬،raḥmaø6x ‫ رحمة‬،ʾaṭāʿaø6x ‫ أطاع‬،ʾarādaø6x ‫ أراد‬،ʾiḫtalafaø6x ‫إختلف‬ ،jāʾaø5x ‫ جاء‬،baʿḍø5x ‫ بعض‬،ʾibnø5x ‫ إبن‬،hudāø6x ‫ هدى‬،naṣībø6x ‫ نصيب‬،miṯlø6x ‫مثل‬ ‫ نفس‬،ʿīsāø5x ‫ عيسى‬،zawjø5x ‫ زوج‬،dīnø5x ‫ دين‬،dāwūdø5x ‫ داوود‬،ḥasanø5x ‫حسن‬ ‫ أرض‬،ʾarsalaø4x ‫ أرسل‬،ʾaḥadø4x ‫ أحد‬،ʾibrāhīmø4x ‫ إبراهيم‬،yamīnø5x ‫ يمين‬،nafsø5x ،saʾalaø4x ‫ سأل‬،raʾāø4x ‫ رأى‬،ṯawābø4x ‫ ثواب‬،baynø4x ‫ بين‬،ʾanzalaø4x ‫ أنزل‬،ʾarḍø4x ‫ كافر‬،quwwaø4x ‫ قوة‬،qurbāø4x ‫ قربى‬،fariḥaø4x ‫ فرح‬،ʿarafaø4x ‫ عرف‬،ṣāliḥø4x‫صالح‬ ‫ أمر‬،ʾukulø3x ‫ أكل‬،ʾaʿtadaø3x ‫ أعتد‬،ʾatāø3x ‫ أتى‬،yadø4x ‫ يد‬،muʾminø4x ‫ مؤمن‬،kāfirø4x ‫ جزی‬،tamattaʿaø3x ‫ تمتع‬،talāø3x ‫ تلا‬،balaġaø3x ‫ بلغ‬،ʾawwalø3x ‫ أول‬،ʾamrøIIø3x ‫ سليمان‬،rafaʿaø3x ‫ رفع‬،darajaø3x ‫ درجة‬،ḥayātø3x ‫ حياة‬،junāḥø3x ‫ جناح‬،jazāø3x ‫ فتنة‬،ʿallamaø3x ‫ علم‬،ʿabdø3x ‫ عبد‬،ḍiʿfø3x ‫ ضعف‬،šākirø3x ‫ شاكر‬،sulaymānø3x ‫ مسكين‬،maryamø3x ‫ مريم‬،muḥṣanø3x ‫ محصن‬،katabaø3x ‫ كتب‬،qalbø3x ‫ قلب‬،fitnaø3x ‫ آخر‬،yawmø3x ‫ يوم‬،wajadaø3x ‫ وجد‬،nakaḥaø3x ‫ نكح‬،maʿrūfø3x ‫ معروف‬،miskīnø3x ‫ أشد‬،ʾaslamaø2x ‫ أسلم‬،ʾisrāʾīlø2x ‫ إسرائيل‬،ʾisḥāqø2x ‫ إسحق‬،ʾaḥallaø2x ‫ أحل‬،ʾāḫirø2x ‫ إهتدى‬،ʾanfaqaø2x ‫ أنفق‬،ʾinjīlø2x ‫ إنجيل‬،ʾaṣābaø2x ‫ أصاب‬،ʾašrakaø2x ‫ أشرك‬،ʾašuddø2x ،balāø2x ‫ بلا‬،baḫilaø2x ‫ بخل‬،ʾīmānø2x ‫ إيمان‬،ʾayqanaø2x ‫ أيقن‬،ʾahlø2x ‫ أهل‬،ʾihtadāø2x ‫ حل‬،ḥallaøIIø2x ‫ حل‬،ḥājjaø2x ‫ حاج‬،jannaø2x ‫ جنة‬،tawallāø2x ‫ تولى‬،tābaø2x ‫تاب‬ ‫ رضى‬،rabāø2x ‫ ربا‬،rākiʿø2x ‫ راكع‬،ḏahabaø2x ‫ ذهب‬،ḏakaraø2x ‫ ذكر‬،daʿāø2x ‫ دعا‬،ḥillø2x ،samiʿaø2x ‫ سمع‬،samāʾø2x ‫ سماء‬،saʿaø2x ‫ سعة‬،sibṭø2x ‫ سبط‬،zabūrø2x ‫ زبور‬،raḍiyaø2x

‫ ٓاتى‬- ʾātā

4

‫ عرش‬،ʿaḏābø2x ‫ عذاب‬،ʿāhadaø2x ‫ عاهد‬،ṭūrø2x ‫ طور‬،ṭaʿāmø2x ‫ طعام‬،ṣadrø2x ‫صدر‬ ‫ فريق‬،furqānø2x ‫ فرقان‬،farraqaø2x ‫ فرق‬،fatāø2x ‫ فتى‬،ġayrø2x ‫ غير‬،ʿaynøIø2x ‫ عين‬،ʿaršø2x ‫ كذب‬،kaṯīrø2x ‫ كثير‬،qawmø2x ‫ قوم‬،qalīlø2x ‫ قليل‬،qatalaø2x ‫ قتل‬،fawqø2x ‫ فوق‬،farīqø2x ‫ موثق‬،malakaø2x ‫ ملك‬،marraø2x ‫ مرة‬،matāʿø2x ‫ متاع‬،mubīnø2x ‫ مبين‬،kaḏḏabaø2x ‫ نسوة‬،nubuwwaø2x ‫ نبوة‬،nabaʾø2x ٔ‫ نبا‬،nārø2x ‫ نار‬،mīṯāqø2x ‫ ميثاق‬،mawṯiqø2x ‫ وعد‬،wajhø2x ‫ وجه‬،wāsiʿø2x ‫ واسع‬،wāḥidø2x ‫ واحد‬،hārūnø2x ‫ هارون‬،niswaø2x ‫ آل‬،ʾāḫiḏ ‫ آخذ‬،ʾāṯara ‫ آثر‬،yaʿqūbø2x ‫ يعقوب‬،yatīmø2x ‫ يتيم‬،waladø2x ‫ ولد‬،waʿadaø2x ،ʾatbaʿa ‫ أتبع‬،ʾibtaġā ‫ إبتغى‬،ʾibtiġāʾ ‫ إبتغاء‬،ʾiʾtamara ‫ إئتمر‬،ʾiʾtalā ‫ إئتلى‬،ʾānif ‫ آنف‬،ʾāl ،ʾiḥsān ‫ إحسان‬،ʾaḥabba ‫ أحب‬،ʾaḥāṭa ‫ أحاط‬،ʾajal ‫ أجل‬،ʾaṯmara ‫ أثمر‬،ʾittabaʿa ‫إتبع‬ ‫ إرتاب‬،ʾiḏn ‫ إذن‬،ʾiḏḏakkara ‫ إذكر‬،ʾaḫfāøII‫ أخفى‬،ʾaḫzāøII‫ أخزى‬،ʾaḫ ‫ أخ‬،ʾaḥaqq ‫أحق‬ ‫ إستبق‬،ʾistabšara ‫ إستبشر‬،ʾizdarā ‫ إزدرى‬،ʾizdāda ‫ إزداد‬،ʾarḍaʿa ‫ أرضع‬،ʾirtāba ،ʾistayqana ‫ إستيقن‬،ʾistawā ‫ إستوى‬،ʾistamtaʿa ‫ إستمتع‬،ʾistajāba ‫ إستجاب‬،ʾistabaqa ‫ إعتصم‬،ʾaḍalla ‫ أضل‬،ʾiṣṣaddaqa ‫ إصدق‬،ʾištarā ‫ إشترى‬،ʾasiya ‫ أسى‬،ʾislām ‫إسلام‬ ‫ أكره‬،ʾakṯar ‫ أكثر‬،ʾaqraḍa ‫ أقرض‬،ʾaqrab ‫ أقرب‬،ʾafraġa ‫ أفرغ‬،ʾaʿṭā ‫ أعطى‬،ʾiʿtaṣama ،ʾimraʾa ‫ إمرأة‬،ʾamara ‫ أمر‬،ʾamadda ‫ أمد‬،ʾumma ‫ أمة‬،ʾimām ‫ إمام‬،ʾakala ‫ أكل‬،ʾakraha ،ʾawraṯa ‫ أورث‬،ʾinsalaḫa ‫ إنسلخ‬،ʾins ‫ إنس‬،ʾummiyy ‫ أمي‬،ʾamsaka ‫ أمسك‬،ʾimruʾ ‫إمرؤ‬ ،baġā ‫ بغى‬،baġta ‫ بغتة‬،biġāʾ ‫ بغاء‬،bašar ‫ بشر‬،baddala ‫ بدل‬،buḫl ‫ بخل‬،ʾawfāøII‫أوفى‬ ‫ تعالى‬،tisʿ ‫ تسع‬،tazakkā ‫ تزكى‬،tabaddala ‫ تبدل‬،taʾwīl ‫ تأويل‬،bayyana ‫ بين‬،balāʾ ‫بلاء‬ ‫ تيسر‬،tawrāt ‫ توراة‬،tamām ‫ تمام‬،talabbaṯa ‫ تلبث‬،taqwā ‫ تقوى‬،tafarraqa ‫ تفرق‬،taʿālā ‫ جحد‬،jabal ‫ جبل‬،jāwaza ‫ جاوز‬،jālūt ‫ جالوت‬،ṯamūd ‫ ثمود‬،ṯamar ‫ ثمر‬،tayassara ،ḥadīdøI ‫ حديد‬،ḥujja ‫ حجة‬،ḥubb ‫ حب‬،ḥāja ‫ حاجة‬،jism ‫ جسم‬،jizya ‫ جزية‬،jaḥada ‫ حسن‬،ḥasada ‫ حسد‬،ḥasiba ‫ حسب‬،ḥasb ‫ حسب‬،ḥazina ‫ حزن‬،ḥarṯ ‫ حرث‬،ḥaḏira ‫حذر‬ ‫ خرج‬،ḫāfa ‫ خاف‬،ḥīn ‫ حين‬،ḥanīf ‫ حنيف‬،ḥaml ‫ حمل‬،ḥaďď ‫ حظ‬،ḥaṣād ‫ حصاد‬،ḥusn ‫ خول‬،ḫallā ‫ خلى‬،ḫalāq ‫ خلاق‬،ḫiṭāb ‫ خطاب‬،ḫašiya ‫ خشى‬،ḫizy ‫ خزي‬،ḫaraja ‫ ذكر‬،ḏurriyya ‫ ذرية‬،dūla ‫ دولة‬،darasa ‫ درس‬،dāna ‫ دان‬،dār ‫ دار‬،ḫayra ‫ خيرة‬،ḫawwala ،riʿāya ‫ رعاية‬،rušd ‫ رشد‬،risāla ‫ رسالة‬،rizq ‫ رزق‬،radda ‫ رد‬،rabwa ‫ ربوة‬،ribā ‫ ربا‬،ḏikr ‫ زينة‬،zubra ‫ زبرة‬،zāda ‫ زاد‬،rūḥ ‫ روح‬،rakaʿa ‫ ركع‬،raqaba ‫ رقبة‬،raġiba ‫ رغب‬،raʿā ‫رعى‬ ‫ سخر‬،sabīl ‫ سبيل‬،sabaqa ‫ سبق‬،sabʿ ‫ سبع‬،sabab ‫ سبب‬،sāwā ‫ ساوى‬،suʾl ‫ سؤل‬،zīna ‫ سلم‬،sulṭān ‫ سلطان‬،sikkīn ‫ سكين‬،safīh ‫ سفيه‬،safar ‫ سفر‬،sarīʿ ‫ سريع‬،saḫḫara ‫ شمال‬،šakara ‫ شكر‬،šaṭr ‫ شطر‬،šarīk ‫ شريك‬،širk ‫ شرك‬،šadda ‫ شد‬،šāqqa ‫ شاق‬،sallama ‫ ضاعف‬،ṣaduqa ‫ صدقة‬،ṣadaqa ‫ صدقة‬،ṣaḥīfa ‫ صحيفة‬،ṣabiyy ‫ صبي‬،ṣabara ‫ صبر‬،šimāl ‫ ظهر‬،ďanna ‫ ظن‬،ďalama ‫ ظلم‬،ṭayr ‫ طير‬،ṭayyib ‫ طيب‬،ṭāla ‫ طال‬،ḍurr ‫ ضر‬،ḍāʿafa ،ʿaḍala ‫ عضل‬،ʿiṣma ‫ عصمة‬،ʿasā ‫ عسى‬،ʿadda ‫ عد‬،ʿālam ‫ عالم‬،ʿāqaba ‫ عاقب‬،ďahr ،ʿahd ‫ عهد‬،ʿammā ‫ عمى‬،ʿamila ‫ عمل‬،ʿalama ‫ علم‬،ʿaqada ‫ عقد‬،ʿiqāb ‫ عقاب‬،ʿafā ‫عفا‬ ‫ فاكه‬،fāḥiša ‫ فاحشة‬،fāta ‫ فات‬،ġaniyy ‫ غني‬،ġalaba ‫ غلب‬،ġafara ‫ غفر‬،ġadāʾ ‫غداء‬ ‫ قاتل‬،fahhama ‫ فهم‬،faqīr ‫ فقير‬،faṣl ‫ فصل‬،farīḍa ‫ فريضة‬،firʿawn ‫ فرعون‬،fariḥ ‫ فرح‬،fākih ،qaraʾa ٔ‫ قرا‬،qurʾān ‫ قرآن‬،qaddama ‫ قدم‬،qadara ‫ قدر‬،qitāl ‫ قتال‬،qārūn ‫ قارون‬،qātala ‫ كتم‬،kātaba ‫ كاتب‬،qayyim ‫ قيم‬،qinṭār ‫ قنطار‬،qaffā ‫ قفى‬،quṭr ‫ قطر‬،qiṭr ‫ قطر‬،qaṣṣa ‫قص‬ ،kanz ‫ كنز‬،kallafa ‫ كلف‬،kalām ‫ كلام‬،kifl ‫ كفل‬،kaffara ‫ كفر‬،kašafa ‫ كشف‬،katama ،laqiya ‫ لقى‬،luqmān ‫ لقمان‬،laʿana ‫ لعن‬،laʿib ‫ لعب‬،labiṯa ‫ لبث‬،lāʾim ‫ لائم‬،kahf ‫كهف‬ ٔ‫ متكا‬،mubayyin ‫ مبين‬،mublis ‫ مبلس‬،mubṣir ‫ مبصر‬،mālik ‫ مالك‬،lūṭ ‫ لوط‬،lahw ‫لهو‬

5

!&5ara - $c!%

iH.>4N •mus"fi' d\*4N •mar%"t /*ç$N •mu'&in iV,N •ma,n" q3ŽN •muttaka! •mu$ri% w$;N •mu&addiq e7VN •musamm" q24N •mustamsik m42>4N •mustab#n 'lkN •makkana iLN •mak"n &*LN •mufa&&al KV)N •mift"' o*>)N •mi$*"r S*U;N $L3N •man-iq tg3N •muna**ar $U3N •munazzal 0[3N •malik m_N •malak m_N •mala! •naba+a f.: •n"qa -T*: •n"!a 5*: •m(f# Š\?N •maw%i$ …ç?N •muh"jir $ˆ*MN •munkar •ni$m I;: •na&ara $V: •nazzala 0[: •nazala 0[: •naza$a {[: •ni'la -_,: •najj" qJ: •hayya!a '*HC •huzuw Y[C •hadiyya -A7C •n(r S?: •nah" qM: •naq#r $H#: •ni$ma -2;: •waq" qTY •wa%a$a …çY •wa&&" q„Y •war"! 5!SY •wajil KˆY •w"qi$ …T!Y •w"bil K@!Y y(nus B:?A •yas#r $H4A •wayl KAY •wall" q"Y $%t&

9x ayas: 9 suras: 8 unique collocations: 33 S!"#: 6 1x; 11 1x; 15 1x; 19 2x; 20 1x; 22 1x; 29 1x; 40 1x

%#!"

°concentration: 22%

Š+!% !"t# r=1; D$\ fard r=0.273; -1*E s"$a r=0.178; d)„ &af' r=0.165; †AS rayb r=0.160; [J;N mu$jiz r=0.148; DYD$N mard(d r=0.141; d)„ &afa'a r=0.116; q)b'! !a)f"øII r=0.102; $.T qabr r=0.099; -N*HT qiy"ma r=0.091; KH2ˆ jam#l r=0.083; D*ƒ k"daøI r=0.079; Kƒ kull r=0.072; 5*#" liq"! r=0.070; *ˆS raj"øII r=0.068; q;E sa$" r=0.068; 71Y wa$ada r=0.055; Kˆ'! !ajal r=0.048; w$1'! !a$ra%a r=0.043; …H2E sam#$ r=0.042; ‹;@ ba$a,a r=0.039; —[ˆ jaz" r=0.036; $Žƒ'! !ak,ar r=0.034; 5*2E sam"! r=0.029; $N'! !amrøI r=0.026; IHC!$@G! !ibr"h#m r=0.025;