The Prehistoric Artefacts of Northern Ireland 1789699533, 9781789699531, 9781789699548

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THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND Harry and June Welsh

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND

Harry and June Welsh

Archaeopress Archaeology

Archaeopress Publishing Ltd Summertown Pavilion 18-24 Middle Way Summertown Oxford OX2 7LG www.archaeopress.com

ISBN 978-1-78969-953-1 ISBN 978-1-78969-954-8 (e-Pdf)

© Harry and June Welsh and Archaeopress 2021 Cover: Jadeite axe head from Ballyhill, County Antrim (after Mac Ilwaine 1880, 320) Illustrations © Crown DfC Historic Environment Division unless otherwise attributed

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. This book is available direct from Archaeopress or from our website www.archaeopress.com

Contents

CONTENTS���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������i LIST OF PLATES AND FIGURES�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ii INTRODUCTION����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 BACKGROUND AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 NORTHERN IRELAND IN AN HISTORICAL CONTEXT������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2 A SHORT HISTORY OF PREHISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGY IN NORTHERN IRELAND�������������������������������������������������������������� 2 METHODOLOGY������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 7 CLASSIFICATIONS USED IN IRISH ARCHAEOLOGY���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 8 CLASSIFICATIONS USED IN THE INVENTORY��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 12 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE TEXT���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 18 INVENTORY���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 19 COUNTY ANTRIM�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 19 COUNTY ARMAGH���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 133 COUNTY DOWN�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 157 COUNTY FERMANAGH���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 206 COUNTY LONDONDERRY������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 237 COUNTY TYRONE������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 280 DISCUSSION������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 321 SUMMARY OF ARTEFACT SITES��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 321 CURRENT LOCATION OF ARTEFACTS������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 323 RECORDING OF PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OVER TIME��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 324 ARTEFACTS IN A WIDER CONTEXT���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 327 CONCLUSION����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 335 GLOSSARY���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 336 RADIOCARBON DATES��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 339 BIBLIOGRAPHY��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 344 Books and Articles���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 344 Ordnance Survey of Ireland ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 362 NIEA (DOENI) Documents����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 362 Public Record Office for Northern Ireland (PRONI) Documents������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 362 Newspapers and Periodicals������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 362 Photographic collections������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 363 Websites������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 363

i

List of plates and figures

Figure 01: The modern counties of Northern Ireland Libby Mulqueeny, QUB������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 Figure 02: Table of county archaeological inventories for the Republic of Ireland������������������������������������������������������������ 3 Figure 03: Table of county archaeological inventories for Northern Ireland���������������������������������������������������������������������� 4 Figure 04: Table of site-specific and subject surveys published by HED����������������������������������������������������������������������������� 5 Figure 05: Table of depositories of artefacts from Northern Ireland��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 6 Figure 06: Table of inventory entry details and explanatory notes������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 9 Figure 07: Table of periods of Irish Bronze Age .���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 9 Figure 08: Table of Irish archaeological time periods �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 9 Figure 09: Table of Irish and British metalworking phases of the early Bronze Age .��������������������������������������������������������� 9 Figure 10: Table of metalworking phases of the later Bronze and Iron Ages in Britain and Ireland �������������������������������� 10 Figure 11: Table of classifications of Irish cauldrons �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 10 Figure 12: Table of classifications of Irish battle axes .����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 10 Figure 13: Table of classifications of copper and bronze axe heads .������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 10 Figure 14: Table of classifications of Irish Beehive Querns .��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 11 Figure 15: Table of classifications of copper and bronze daggers ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 11 Figure 16: Table of classifications of Irish copper and bronze halberds �������������������������������������������������������������������������� 11 Figure 17: Table of Irish and British metalworking phases of the early Bronze Age �������������������������������������������������������� 11 Figure 18: Table of classifications of Irish early Neolithic pottery������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 11 Figure 19: Table of classifications of Irish later Neolithic pottery������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 11 Figure 20: Table of classifications of Irish Bronze Age pottery����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 12 Figure 21: Antrim Bracelets �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 20 Figure 22: Aughnahoy Battle Axe Head �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 20 Figure 23: Ballaghmore or Bushmills Axe Head �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 21 Figure 24: Ballyaghagan Dress Fastener �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 23 Figure 25: Ballybogy Mirror Handle �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 23 Figure 26: Ballyboley Decorated Stone ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 24 Figure 27: Ballycastle Stone Hammers ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 24 Figure 28: Ballyclare flint hoard �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 25 Figure 29: Ballycloghan Bowl ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 26 Figure 30: Ballyeaston Axe Head ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 27 Figure 31: Ballygalley Flints ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 28 Figure 32: Ballygalley Flints ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 28 Figure 33: Ballygolan Axe Head �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 29 Figure 34: Ballylumford Flints ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 32 Figure 35: Finds from Ballymacaldrack Court Tomb ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 33 Figure 36: Finds from Ballymarlagh Court Tomb ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 34 Figure 37: Ballymena Stone Mould ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 34 Figure 38: Ballymena Stone Mould ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 35 Figure 40: Ballymena Stone Mould ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 35 Figure 41: Ballymena Stone Mould ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 35 Figure 42: Ballymena Stone Mould ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 35 Figure 43: Ballymena Stone Mould ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 35 Figure 44: Ballynacree More Axe Head ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 37 Figure 45: Ballynagard Dress Fastener����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 37 Figure 46: Ballynagarvy Food Vessel ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 38 Figure 47: Ballytresna Urn ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 40 Figure 48: Ballytromery Urn ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 41 Figure 49: Finds from Ballyutoag Court Tomb ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 41 Figure 50: Ballywillin Pottery ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 42 Figure 51: Barnish Pin ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 43 Figure 52: Bighouse Axe Head ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 45 Figure 53: Bighouse Bronze Razor ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 45 Figure 54: Boydstown Axe Head ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 46 Figure 55: Broughshane Upper Axe Head ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 47 ii

Figure 56: Cape Castle Cauldron ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 49 Figure 57: Carnaff Axe Head ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 49 Figure 58: Carnalbanagh Arrow �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 49 Figure 59: Carncoagh Stone Pot ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 50 Figure 60: Carncoagh Decorated Stone �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 50 Figure 61: Carnduff Pottery �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 50 Figure 62: Carnduff Axe Head ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 51 Figure 63: Carnduff Javelin Heads ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 51 Figure 64: Rasharkin Stone Mould ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 52 Figure 65: Rasharkin Necklace .��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 52 Figure 66: Carnmoney Stone Axe Head ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 53 Figure 67: Carnstroan Arrowhead ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 54 Figure 68: Carnstroan Horn Cup ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 54 Figure 69: Carrickfergus Tankard ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 56 Figure 70: Carrickfergus Horn ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 56 Figure 71: Carrickfergus Flints ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 56 Figure 72: Church Quarter Pottery ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 57 Figure 73: Clady Battle Axe Head ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 58 Figure 74: Clogh Mills Bowl .������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 59 Figure 75: Cloghfin Bronze Axe Head ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 60 Figure 76: Cloney Flints �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 60 Figure 77: Collinward Halberd ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 61 Figure 78: Connor Stone Cup ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 61 Figure 79: Corky Bowl and Dagger ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 62 Figure 79: Slaghneill Decorated Stone���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 273 Figure 80: Craigarogan Urn ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 62 Figure 81: Craigs Razor ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 64 Figure 82: Creggan Urns ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 65 Figure 82: Crevilly-Valley Axe Head �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 65 Figure 83: Cross Hammer Stone ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 65 Figure 84: Culbane Stone Artefacts �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 66 Figure 85: Deer Park Farms Axe Heads ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 69 Figure 86: Deffrick Stone Hammer ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 69 Figure 87: Demesne [Rathlin] Pottery ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 70 Figure 88: Bowl from Demesne Cist Burial ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 70 Figure 89: Divis Bowl ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 72 Figure 90: Divis Arrowhead �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 72 Figure 91: Dromore Arrowhead �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 73 Figure 92: Drumaduan Perforated Stone ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 74 Figure 93: Drumbest Horns �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 75 Figure 94: Drumfane Urn ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 76 Figure 95: Drumnafivey Javelin Head & Arrowhead ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 76 Figure 96: Drumnafivey Stone ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 76 Figure 97: Drumnakeel Urn �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 77 Figure 98: Drumnakeel Urn �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 77 Figure 99: Drunkendult Horns ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 78 Figure 100: Dunaverney Flesh-Hook ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 78 Figure 101: Pottery from Dunteige Court Tomb ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 79 Figure 102: Flints from Dunteige Court Tomb ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 80 Figure 103: Edenvale Spearhead ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 80 Figure 104: Galgorm Parks Urn ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 82 Figure 105: Galgorm Parks Urn ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 82 Figure 106: Galgorm Parks Urn ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 82 Figure 107: Garry Lower Bronze Horn ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 83 Figure 108: Garvaghy [Portglenone] Cauldron ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 83 Figure 109: Glebe [Derrykeighan] Decorated Stone ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 83 Figure 110: Glenarm Arrowhead ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 84 Figure 111: Glenarm Arrowhead ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 84 Figure 112: Glenavy Urns������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 84

iii

Figure 113: Glenavy Urn ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 84 Figure 114: Glenmakeeran Bowl ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 86 Figure 115: Goodland Axe Head ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 87 Figure 116: Gortereghy Urn �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 87 Figure 117: Gortgole Horse Bit ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 88 Figure 118: Gortgole Bronze Cauldron ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 88 Figure 119: Gortin Axe Head ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 88 Figure 120: Holestone Axe Head ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 90 Figure 121: Kilcroagh Urn ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 91 Figure 122: Killymaddy Stone Moulds ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 92 Figure 123: Killyree Bowl ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 92 Figure 124: Killyree Bowl [base of] ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 92 Figure 125: Kilmahamogue Wooden Former ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 92 Figure 126: Kilmakee Urn ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 93 Figure 127: Kirkmoyle Artefacts ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 94 Figure 128: Knockans [Finvoy] Axe Head ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 94 Figure 129: Knockboy Artefacts �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 95 Figure 130: Lisnacrogher scabbard ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 98 Figure 131: Lisnagat Urn ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 98 Figure 132: Lisnahilt Urn ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 98 Figure 133: Lisnataylor Collection ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 99 Figure 134: Livery Upper Urn ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 99 Figure 135: Lower Tullykittagh Arrowhead ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 101 Figure 136: Malone Lower Assemblage ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 103 Figure 137: Malone Lower Flints ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 103 Figure 138: Mistyburn Stone Mould ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 104 Figure 139: Moss-Side Axe Head ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 105 Figure 140: North East Division Axe Head �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 106 Figure 141: Portglenone Horn Cup ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 108 Figure 142: Portglenone Cauldron �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 109 Figure 143: Prospect Arrowheads �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 110 Figure 144: Roonivoolin Dress Fastener ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 110 Figure 145: Scaryhill Assemblage ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 111 Figure 146: Shanes Castle Park Battle Axe Head ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 111 Figure 147: Skerry East Axe Head ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 112 Figure 148: Skilganaban Settlement ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 113 Figure 149: Teeshan Arrowhead ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 115 Figure 150: Tervillin Stone Hammer ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 116 Figure 151: Toberagnee Urn ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 117 Figure 152: Toome Bridle Bit ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 118 Figure 153: Toome Spearhead �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 118 Figure 154: Toome Spearhead �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 119 Figure 155: Toome Spearhead �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 119 Figure 156: Toome Rapier ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 119 Figure 157: Toome Scabbard ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 120 Figure 158: Toome Iron Sword �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 120 Figure 159: Toome Iron Axe Head ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 120 Figure 160: Town Parks [Antrim] Flints ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 121 Figure 161: Town Parks [Ballymoney] Cauldron ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 123 Figure 162: Tully Razor �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 124 Figure 163: West Division Flints ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 126 Figure 164: White Park stone mould ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 127 Figure 165: White Park Drinking Cup ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 127 Figure 166: White Park Bowl ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 128 Figure 167: Battle Axe Head ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 130 Figure 168: Battle Axe Head ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 131 Figure 169: Unknown Battle Axe Head ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 131 Figure 170: Unknown Stone Mould ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 131 Figure 171: Unknown Collection ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 132

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Figure 172: Unknown Axe Head ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 133 Figure 173: Unknown Terret ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 133 Figure 174: Armagh Socketed Knife ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 135 Figure 175: Armagh Copper Halberd ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 135 Figure 176: Aughnacloy Sickle �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 135 Figure 177: Cavanakill Palstave ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 138 Figure 178: Cavanakill Spearhead ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 138 Figure 179: Clontygora Assemblage ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 139 Figure 180: Armagh Stone Figure ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 140 Figure 181: Corran Bracer ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 140 Figure 182: Corran Arrowhead ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 141 Figure 183: Creeveroe Axe Head ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 141 Figure 184: Derrycaw Axe Head ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 142 Figure 185: Derrymacash Cauldron ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 142 Figure 186: Doogary Axe Head ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 143 Figure 187: Doohat or Crossreagh Axe Head ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 143 Figure 188: Drummannan Axe Heads ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 144 Figure 189: Annesborough Hoard ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 144 Figure 190: Plan of Duvernagh Cist Burial���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 145 Figure 191: Duvernagh Bowls ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 145 Figure 192: Edenderry Axe Heads ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 145 Figure 193: Killaghy Pottery & Flints ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 146 Figure 194: Lisleitrim Spearhead ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 146 Figure 195: Kinnegoe Hoard ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 147 Figure 196: Liscorran Bowl ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 147 Figure 197: Lisseagh or Mount Irwin Axe Head ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 148 Figure 198: Maghery Spear Butt ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 148 Figure 199: Middletown Axe Head ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 149 Figure 200: Mullyleggan Sword ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 149 Figure 201: Mullynure Bowl ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 149 Figure 202: Navan Pendant ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 150 Figure 203: Rathcumber Axe Head ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 151 Figure 204: Rathtrillick Palstave Axe Head ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 151 Figure 205: Rathtrillick Socketed Axe Head ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 151 Figure 206: Slieve Gullion Basin Stones ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 152 Figure 207: Tamlaght Axe Head ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 152 Figure 208: Tray Decorated Stone ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 153 Figure 209: Tullybrick Etra or Bondville Brooch ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 153 Figure 210: Tullywinny Urn and Food Vessel ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 154 Figure 211: Tynan Axe Head ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 154 Figure 212: Unknown Axe Head ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 156 Figure 213: Unknown Horse Bit ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 157 Figure 214: Unknown Wooden Bowl ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 157 Figure 215: Ardbrin Horn ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 157 Figure 216: Audleystown Assemblage �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 158 Figure 217: Balloo Lower Assemblage �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 159 Figure 218: Ballyalton Assemblage ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 160 Figure 219: Ballycloghan Bowl �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 161 Figure 220: Ballyculter Upper Dress Fastener ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 162 Figure 221: Ballyedmond Assemblage �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 163 Figure 222: Ballygarvan Pebble Tool Libby Mulqueeny, QUB�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 164 Figure 223: Ballykinler Upper rapier ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 165 Figure 224: Ballymaginaghy Axe Head �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 166 Figure 225: Ballymaglaff Flints �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 166 Figure 226: Ballymaglave South Spearhead ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 166 Figure 227: Ballynafoy Flints ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 168 Figure 228: Plan of Ballynagross Lower Cist ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 168 Figure 229: Ballynahinch Stone Moulds ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 170 Figure 230: Ballyvally Axe Heads ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 173

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Figure 231: Bonecastle Urn ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 174 Figure 232: Clay Pot ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 178 Figure 233: Cloghskelt Urn ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 178 Figure 234: Comber Macehead ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 179 Figure 235: Cotton Halberd ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 180 Figure 236: Cross Battle Axe Head �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 181 Figure 237: Deehommed Food Vessel �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 182 Figure 238: Deehommed Ear Ring �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 182 Figure 239: Drumadonnell Finds ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 183 Figure 240: Drumee Axe Head �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 184 Figure 241: Drumsallagh torc ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 185 Figure 242: Dundrum Arrowhead ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 185 Figure 243: Dundrum Razor ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 185 Figure 244: Dundrum Rapier ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 186 Figure 245: Plan of Edenmore Court Tomb ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 188 Figure 246: Greengraves Bowl �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 189 Figure 247: Lackan Spearhead �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 192 Figure 248: Mount Alexander Flints ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 194 Figure 249: Mount Stewart Bowls �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 195 Figure 250: Mount Stewart Bowls �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 195 Figure 251: Mount Stewart Ear Ring ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 195 Figure 252: Murlough Lower Assemblage �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 196 Figure 253: Murlough Lower Urns �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 197 Figure 254: Murlough Lower Battle Axe Head ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 197 Figure 255: Murlough Upper Flints ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 197 Figure 256: Raffrey Cauldron ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 198 Figure 257: Ringcreevy Axe Head ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 200 Figure 258: Rossconor Axe Head ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 201 Figure 259: Saint Johns Point Stone Club ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 201 Figure 260: Scrabo Axe Heads �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 202 Figure 261: Sheepland More Assemblage ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 202 Figure 262: Town Parks [Comber] Urn �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 203 Figure 263: Tyrella South Axe Head ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 204 Figure 264: Unknown [DOW] Assemblage ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 205 Figure 265: Boho Spearhead ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 209 Figure 266: Cloonatrig Spearhead �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 211 Figure 267: Derry Spearhead ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 213 Figure 267: Drumwhinny Yew Bow ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 217 Figure 268: Doagh Glebe Axe Heads ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 215 Figure 268: Tempo Hoard ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 217 Figure 269: Kiltierney Urn ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 225 Figure 270: Mullyknock or Topped Mountain Urn ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 227 Figure 271: Portora Assemblage ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 228 Figure 272: Portora Stone Hammer ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 228 Figure 273: Rossbeg Battle Axe Head ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 229 Figure 274: Rosslea Axe Head ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 230 Figure 275: Scribby Wooden Cauldron ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 230 Figure 276: Sheehinny Urn ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 231 Figure 278: Tonyglaskan Bowls ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 232 Figure 279: Unknown Axe �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 237 Figure 280: Altinure Lower Javelin �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 237 Figure 281: Ashlamaduff Axe Head ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 237 Figure 282: Ballinrees Hoard ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 237 Figure 283: Ballynease-Macpeake Flints ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 242 Figure 284: Ballynease-Macpeake Stone Club �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 243 Figure 285: Ballynease-Macpeake Ard Points ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 243 Figure 286: Ballyronan Copper Axe Head ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 244 Figure 287: Brackaghlislea Axe Head ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 245 Figure 288: Broighter Hoard ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 245

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Figure 289: Cah painted pebble ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 246 Figure 290: Claragh Urn ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 247 Figure 291: Cloughfin axe head ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 248 Figure 292: Coleraine Axe Head ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 248 Figure 293: Cuilbane Flints ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 251 Figure 294: Cumber Urn ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 252 Figure 295: Drum Arrowhead ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 253 Figure 296: Enagh Flints ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 256 Figure 297: Garvagh Axe Head ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 257 Figure 298:Glenone Finds ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 258 Figure 299: Glenviggan Bull-Roarer ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 258 Figure 300: Gortcorbies Flints ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 259 Figure 301: Gortnamoyagh Spearhead ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 259 Figure 302: Kilrea Battle Axe Head ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 262 Figure 303: Knockan Bowl �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 263 Figure 304: Lissan Rapier .��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 265 Figure 305: Loughan Island Disc ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 266 Figure 306: Loughan Island Bridle Bit .�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 266 Figure 307: Lower Doaghs Bucket �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 267 Figure 308: Magheraboy Food Vessel ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 267 Figure 309: Moneyrannel Assemblage [Razor, Bone Pin and Whetstone] ������������������������������������������������������������������� 269 Figure 310: Mount Sandel Flints ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 269 Figure 311: Movanagher Bronze Spearhead ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 270 Figure 312: Movanagher Axe Head ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 271 Figure 313: Newtown Limavady Arrowhead ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 271 Figure 314: Shantallow Bowl ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 272 Figure 315: Straid Food Vessel �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 274 Figure 316: Tamnymullan Stone Mould ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 276 Figure 317: Tamnyrankin Assemblage �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 276 Figure 318: Tobermore Formers ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 277 Figure 319: Unknown [LDY] Stone Ard Point �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 279 Figure 320: Unknown [LDY] Battle Axe Head ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 279 Figure 321: Unknown [LDY] Battle Axe Head ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 279 Figure 322: Unknown [LDY] Battle Axe Head ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 279 Figure 323: Unknown [LDY] Bronze Pot ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 280 Figure 324: Unknown [LDY] Spearhead ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 280 Figure 325: Altanagh Bowls ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 281 Figure 326: Ballyvaddan Bowl ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 284 Figure 327: Barons Court Flints .����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 285 Figure 328: Barons Court Arrowhead ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 285 Figure 329: Barons Court Sword ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 285 Figure 330: Beaghmore Assemblage ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 285 Figure 331: Benburb Axe Head ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 286 Figure 332: Botera Upper Arrowhead �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 286 Figure 333: Brackaville Pot ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 287 Figure 334: Broughderg Bowl ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 287 Figure 335: Camaghy Bowl ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 288 Figure 336: Carryglass Urn �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 289 Figure 337: Castlederg Cauldron ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 289 Figure 338: Clady Halliday Assemblage ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 290 Figure 339: Clogher Demesne Brooch ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 290 Figure 340: Cluntyganny Urn ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 291 Figure 341: Corkragh Pots ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 291 Figure 342: Creggandevesky Assemblage ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 292 Figure 343: Derrytresk Ferrule �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 294 Figure 344: Donacavey Food Vessel ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 295 Figure 345: Donaghmore Urn ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 296 Figure 346: Drudgeon Bowls and Flint Knife ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 296 Figure 347: Drumnakilly Urn ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 297

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Figure 348: Drumnakilly Urn ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 297 Figure 349: Drumnakilly Urn ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 297 Figure 350: Drumnakilly Urn ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 297 Figure 351: Drumnakilly Urn ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 297 Figure 352: Drumnakilly Urn ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 298 Figure 353: Drumnakilly Urn ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 298 Figure 354: Drumnakilly Urn ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 298 Figure 355: Drumnakilly Urn ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 298 Figure 356: Dungate Bowls ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 298 Figure 357: Dunmisk Flints ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 299 Figure 358: Eskragh Flints ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 299 Figure 359: Evishbrack Arrowhead ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 300 Figure 360: Farsnagh Bulla �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 300 Figure 361: Gargadis Bronze Pin ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 301 Figure 362: Gargadis Cast Bronze Object ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 301 Figure 363: Inishative Bucket ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 304 Figure 364: Killeeshil Bowl �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 304 Figure 365: Killycurragh Axe Head �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 305 Figure 366: Legland Flints ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 306 Figure 367: Lislane Urn ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 307 Figure 368: Loughry Bowl����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 308 Figure 369: Lower Mullan Axe Head ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 309 Figure 370: Lurgy Flesh Hook ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 309 Figure 371: Maccrackens Urn ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 309 Figure 372: Magheracoltan Bronze Axe Head �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 310 Figure 373: Magheralamfield Dagger ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 310 Figure 374: Newtownstewart Bowls ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 312 Figure 375: Newtownstewart Battle Axe Head ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 313 Figure 376: Omagh Mould Hoard ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 313 Figure 377: Sandville Food Vessel ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 314 Figure 378: Sess Kilgreen Battle Axe Head �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 314 Figure 379: Shannaragh Flints �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 314 Figure 380: Sheskinshule Bowl ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 315 Figure 381: Sluggan wooden bucket ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 315 Figure 382: Strabane Battle Axe Head �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 316 Figure 383: Strabane Chapes ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 316 Figure 384: Sultan Stone Moulds ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 317 Figure 386: Tirkernaghan Bowls ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 317 Figure 387: Plan of Tremoge Cist Burial�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 318 Figure 388: Tremoge Vase Urn .������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 318 Figure 389: Tullywiggan Urn ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 319 Figure 390: Turnabarson Urn������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 319 Figure 391: Woodend Bowl ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 320 Figure 392: Table of stone artefact sites, by county and in total.����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 321 Figure 393: Table of metal artefact sites, by county and in total.���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 322 Figure 394: Table of pottery, bone and wooden artefact sites, by county and in total.������������������������������������������������� 323 Figure 395: Table of assemblages, collections and hoards, by county and in total.������������������������������������������������������� 323 Figure 396: Table of depositories of artefacts from Northern Ireland, by percentage.�������������������������������������������������� 324 Figure 397: Table of prehistoric sites, by date reported and percentage����������������������������������������������������������������������� 325 Figure 398: Chart of prehistoric sites by date reported and percentage������������������������������������������������������������������������ 325 Figure 399: Table of time periods of prehistoric artefact sites, by county and percentage������������������������������������������� 326 Figure 400: Chart of time periods of prehistoric artefacts sites, by county and percentage������������������������������������������ 326 Figure 401: Table of time periods of burial, settlement and artefact sites, by percentage�������������������������������������������� 326 Figure 402: Chart of time periods of burial, settlement and artefact sites, by percentage�������������������������������������������� 327 Figure 403: Distribution map of Mesolithic artefact sites in Northern Ireland�������������������������������������������������������������� 328 Figure 404: Distribution map of Neolithic artefact sites in Northern Ireland����������������������������������������������������������������� 329 Figure 405: Distribution map of Bronze Age artefact sites in Northern Ireland������������������������������������������������������������� 330 Figure 406: Distribution map of early Bronze Age copper and bronze flat axe heads in Northern Ireland�������������������� 330 Figure 406: Distribution map of later Bronze Age socketed axe heads in Northern Ireland������������������������������������������ 331

viii

Figure 408: Distribution map of saddle querns in Ireland .�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 332 Figure 409: Distribution map of saddle quern sites in Northern Ireland������������������������������������������������������������������������ 333 Figure 410: Distribution of beehive querns in Ireland ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 334 Figure 411: Distribution map of Iron Age artefact sites in Northern Ireland������������������������������������������������������������������ 334 Figure 412: Table of radiocarbon dates for County Antrim�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 340 Figure 413: Table of radiocarbon dates for County Armagh������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 340 Figure 414: Table of radiocarbon dates for County Down���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 341 Figure 415: Table of radiocarbon dates for County Fermanagh������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 342 Figure 416: Table of radiocarbon dates for County Londonderry����������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 343 Figure 417: Table of radiocarbon dates for County Tyrone�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 343 Plate 01: William Frederick Wakeman ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 2 Plate 02: Dudley Waterman����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4 Plate 03: A.E.P. ‘Pat’ Collins ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4 Plate 04: Professor Estyn Evans������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 5 Plate 05: Ballee Quern Stone ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 21 Plate 06: Ballybarnish Axe Head �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 23 Plate 07: Ballygill Middle Axe Factory ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 29 Plate 08: Ballyhill Axe Head ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 31 Plate 10: Ballymacilroy Urns ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 33 Plate 11: Ballyprior Beg Anvil Stone ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 39 Plate 12: Ballyscullion Sword ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 40 Plate 13: Ballyscullion East Cauldron ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 40 Plate 14: Belfast Hoard ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 43 Plate 15: Browndod Court Tomb ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 47 Plate 16: Carravindoon Flints ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 55 Plate 17: Cloghfin Flints ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 59 Plate 18: Cloghs [Tievebulliagh] Axe Factory ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 60 Plate 19: Craigs Court Tomb �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 63 Plate 20: Cushendun Habitation Site ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 68 Plate 21: Demesne Cist Burial ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 70 Plate 22: Drumakeely Flints ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 75 Plate 23: Reconstructed pot from Dunloy Court Tomb Malachy Conway�������������������������������������������������������������������������� 79 Plate 24: East Torr Flints ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 80 Plate 25: Knockaholet Urns �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 94 Plate 26: Moyadam Querns ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 105 Plate 27: Old Freehold Flints ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 107 Plate 28: Port Rush Stone Axe Head ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 107 Plate 29: Whiteabbey Decorated Stone ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 128 Plate 30: Unknown Battle Axe Head ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 131 Plate 31: Altnamackan Halberd ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 134 Plate 32: Bowls from Ballintaggart Court Tomb ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 136 Plate 33: Ballybrolly [Loughnashade] Votive Site ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 136 Plate 34: Ballymacdermot Court Tomb �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 137 Plate 35: Coney Island Habitation Site ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 139 Plate 36: Carrickrovaddy Wooden Bowls ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 143 Plate 37: Tullyvallan Copper Halberd ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 154 Plate 38: Audleystown Decorated Stone ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 159 Plate 39: Ballyaughian Decorated Stone ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 160 Plate 40: Ballycroghan Swords ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 161 Plate 41: Ballycullen Flint �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 162 Plate 42: Ballyculter Upper Decorated Stone ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 162 Plate 43: Ballygarvan Pebble Tool Harry Welsh��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 164 Plate 44: Ballynagross Lower Cist �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 168 Plate 45: Ballynagross Lower Bowl ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 169 Plate 46: Ballyuranellan Logboat ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 172 Plate 47: Chapel Island Midden Ulster Archaeological Society���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 177 Plate 48: Island Taggart Flints �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 190 Plate 49: Keentagh Burial Cairn ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 191 Plate 50: Clyhannagh Decorated Stone ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 211 ix

Plate 51: Derrybrusk Logboats �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 213 Plate 52: Derryharney Fulachtaí Fia ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 214 Plate 53: Doon Decorated Stones����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 215 Plate 54: Dreenan Stone Figure ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 215 Plate 55: Eshbrally Decorated Stone ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 221 Plate 56: Inishee Island Habitation Site ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 222 Plate 57: Killykeeghan Decorated Stone ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 223 Plate 58: Kilsmullan Assemblage ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 224 Plate 59: Kiltierney Linear Earthwork ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 224 Plate 60: Reyfad Decorated Stone ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 229 Plate 61: Ross dagger ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 229 Plate 62: Wheathill Bracer ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 233 Plate 63: Ballybriest Pots ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 238 Plate 64: Ballynagard Enclosure ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 241 Plate 65: Ballynashallog Settlement Cluster ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 242 Plate 66: Ballywoolen Habitation Site ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 244 Plate 67: Downhill Irish Bowl Malachy Conway�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 253 Plate 68: Fish Loughan Lithic Site����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 256 Plate 69: Killane Habitation Site ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 261 Plate 70: Kurin Necklace ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 264 Plate 71: Largantea Bowls �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 264 Plate 72: Lisnakilly Assemblage .���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 265 Plate 73: Loughermore Decorated Stone ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 266 Plate 74: Loughermore Decorated Stone ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 267 Plate 75: Mount Sandel Settlement Cluster ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 269 Plate 76: Mount Sandel Flints ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 270 Plate 77: Shantallow Pottery ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 273 Plate 78: Slaghtneill Decorated Stone John Martin��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 273 Plate 80: Stradreagh Beg Habitation Site����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 274 Plate 81: Aughlish Logboats ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 282 Plate 82: Carnaveagh Decorated Stone�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 288 Plate 83: Crew Decorated Stone ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 293 Plate 84: Donaghanie Food Vessel ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 295 Plate 85: Eskragh Ear Ring �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 300 Plate 86: Glenchuil Urn ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 302 Plate 87: Gortagowan Wooden Cauldron �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 303 Plate 88: Knockroe Urn ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 306 Plate 89: Loughash Pots ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 307 Plate 90: Newtownstewart Cist Burial���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 312 Plate 91: Reconstruction of saddle quern in use at Céide Fields visitor centre, County Mayo Harry Welsh����������������� 332 Plate 277: Tattenamona Spearheads ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 231

x

INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This monograph is intended to establish a base-line gazetteer of the prehistoric artefacts, which have been found in Northern Ireland. It has been designed to accompany two previous volumes, which investigated prehistoric burial sites (Welsh and Welsh 2014) and sites of prehistoric life (Welsh and Welsh 2018) within Northern Ireland. It is also the culmination of a process of research that began in 2010, when the Northern Ireland Environment Agency: Built Heritage (now HED), commissioned the Centre for Archaeological Fieldwork at Queens University, Belfast to begin work on what led to the publication of Tomb Travel, a Guide to Northern Ireland’s Megalithic Monuments in 2011. This was followed by our participation in a research project into the prehistoric people of Ireland for the Royal Irish Academy, led by Professor Eileen Murphy and Dr Barra Ó Donnabháin (see Murphy et al. 2010). The research material gathered during these projects provided most of the information contained in our monographs. This book includes a review of the sources from where information on our prehistoric past can be obtained and how the methods of investigation and knowledge of prehistoric archaeology in Northern Ireland have developed over time. It also places the prehistoric artefacts of Northern Ireland in a wider context with the remainder of Ireland, Britain and north-west Europe. Also included is a discussion about the categorisation of such artefacts generally and the methodology by which this inventory is complied. The inventory is followed by a short discussion about some of the issues highlighted by the inventory and suggestions as to how the distribution of artefact sites may help to understand the spread of early settlers into Northern Ireland. A comprehensive glossary and bibliography have also been provided. Much information contained in these inventories has been made available by the Department for Communities: Historic Environment Division (HED) from the Sites and Monuments Record and our thanks go to Dr Paul Logue for his help and support over many years. At the School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen’s University Belfast, Professor Eileen Murphy and Dr Colm Donnelly provided us with the opportunities and support to research the activities of the prehistoric people of Ireland and to highlight the results of many years of work by a great number of Irish archaeologists. The staff of the Centre for Community Archaeology (formerly the Centre for Archaeological Fieldwork) freely gave of their time and considerable expertise of the prehistoric archaeology of Northern Ireland. Also at Queen’s University, Libby Mulqueeny provided illustrations for the text. The Ulster Archaeological Society also provided information on prehistoric sites, much obtained from the programme of monument surveys by the Survey Group between 2005 and 2020. We particularly appreciate the mapping resources made available to us by Anne MacDermott. Malachy Conway, from the National Trust in Northern Ireland gave his enthusiastic support and extensive archaeological knowledge over many years. David Craig of HeritageNI.com supplied details of many of the sites recorded in the inventory and gave freely of his technical expertise, including the creation of the site distribution maps.

Figure 01: The modern counties of Northern Ireland Libby Mulqueeny, QUB

1

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND NORTHERN IRELAND IN AN HISTORICAL CONTEXT The present state of Northern Ireland, consisting of the six counties of Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry and Tyrone, was created in 1921 by the Partition of Ireland into the Irish Free State (later Eire and now the Republic of Ireland), with twenty-six counties of Ireland, and Northern Ireland, which remains part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The county system is an entirely political boundary and a legacy of Elizabethan attempts to administer Ireland. Townlands are similarly an administrative system, created to sub-divide counties and are thought to date to the same period, with perhaps a more ancient origin. Another land boundary system still in use is the Parish, both civil and ecclesiastical, with usually a combination of several townlands. All of these boundaries would have meant nothing to the people of prehistoric Ireland, who were more likely to think of themselves in terms of kinship or tribal areas, rather than geographical locations. However, the adoption of fixed county and townland boundaries provides us with a means of readily locating monuments and places, where artefacts were found and enables us to analyse the spread of populations and technology over time. A SHORT HISTORY OF PREHISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGY IN NORTHERN IRELAND The history of prehistoric archaeology in Ireland had its origins in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, with publications such as The Antient and Present State of the County of Down (Charles Smith and Walter Harris, 1744) and Statistical Survey of the County of Down (John Dubourdieu, 1802). Interest rapidly developed during the nineteenth century, with the establishment of several journals devoted to Irish history and archaeology. One of the earliest of these was the Dublin Penny Journal, published weekly in Dublin between 1832 and 1836. Details and illustrations of many prehistoric artefacts were recorded in such publications. During the 1820s, the British government decided to commission a series of surveys and associated maps of Ireland for taxation purposes. These surveys were carried out meticulously, by members of the Royal Engineers for the Ordnance Survey of Ireland, between 1833 and 1847. The locations of many historic monuments were recorded accurately on the new maps and the associated records, known as Ordnance Survey Memoirs, captured local knowledge from many of these. Many of these monuments have since been destroyed and those Ordnance Survey maps and Memoirs are now the only source of information available to us about them. As the nineteenth century progressed, so also did public interest in history and archaeology. Interested individuals met together and founded organisations, such as the Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society, founded in 1821 and the Belfast Naturalists Field Club, founded in 1863. They also began to publish their findings in journals such as the Ulster Journal of Archaeology, which was founded in 1853. It could be said that these were the pioneers of scientific archaeology, in what is now Northern Ireland. Many members of these societies took their interest in archaeology to a more practical level and began methodically to search for artefacts. These individuals are now known as antiquarians and some gathered vast collections of prehistoric tools, particularly from areas where these were readily available. These included sand dune sites along the north and east coasts and the beds and banks of rivers, such as the Bann, Blackwater and Erne. They also carried out excavations at known archaeological sites, such as megalithic tombs, but these excavations were often poorly recorded or not recorded at all. The activities of some antiquarians could only be categorised as treasure hunting, often

Plate 01: William Frederick Wakeman 2

INTRODUCTION for financial gain, but others made careful records and also published their findings in academic journals. Many antiquarians lived in County Antrim and became known as the Northern Collectors. Among the foremost of these was William Knowles [1832-1927], a land agent from Cullybackey. He collected extensively at sand dune sites, along the northern and north-eastern coasts and elsewhere, including Scotland. He removed huge quantities of prehistoric artefacts from some sites, ‘over 2000 from dunes at Portstewart and Grangemore, 3000-4000 from Whitepark Bay and over 4000 from Tievebulliagh. It is little wonder, then, that his collection totalled at least 32,000 objects (one source claims 50,000) (Wilson 2000, 21). It was sold at auction in 1927 and a portion of it today forms part of the Ulster Museum collection in Belfast. William Wakeman [1822-1900], who worked at the Ordnance Survey in Dublin and later taught drawing at Portora Royal School, Enniskillen, excavated archaeological sites and published his findings in journals such as the Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy and also the Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland. His artistic skills have provided us with a wealth of high-quality drawings of prehistoric monuments and artefacts. In addition to articles in academic journals, many text books were published on specific themes, such as The Dolmens of Ireland (William Borlase, 1897), in which he described almost nine hundred megalithic tombs. The activities of Victorian antiquarians can be viewed as both a blessing and a curse to modern archaeology. Those who kept meticulous records and published these in books and academic journals have contributed greatly to our current understanding of Irish prehistory, whereas others who engaged in looting archaeological sites for personal gain, without recording anything for posterity, have left us with gaps in our knowledge, which may never be filled. Another problem for archaeological researchers is the trade in forged antiquities. Again, this is not a new phenomenon, but has been noted for many decades, particularly with the development of tourism and the appetite of gullible individuals for souvenirs. Many forged artefacts, such as porcellanite axe heads, are almost indistinguishable from the genuine article. It has been reported that ‘the forgery of flint arrowheads and polished stone axes in the North of Ireland, the former especially at the Giant’s Causeway and the latter at Portglenone, is known to have been practised on a considerable scale last century’ (Collins 1970, 23). Royal Commissions on the historic monuments of England, Scotland and Wales were established in 1908 and led to a formal system for identifying and recording monuments, usually referred to as the sites and monuments record. As is often the case, COUNTY DATE OF similar arrangements were not extended to Ireland and the Great PUBLICATION War and the Partition of Ireland in 1921 militated against any further Donegal 1983 developments. The beginnings of Irish archaeology have been discussed Louth 1986 in great detail by John Waddell in Foundation Myths, the beginnings of Irish archaeology, published in 2005, and it is not proposed to repeat this Louth (preliminary) 1987 here. The governments of these two states, subsequently, established Louth 1991 departments to oversee the recording and care of ancient monuments, Cork (west) 1992 within their respective jurisdictions and have set their own standards Carlow 1993 and policies accordingly. In the Republic of Ireland, twenty-one volumes Galway (west) 1993 in a series of county archaeological inventories have been compiled. Cork (east and south) 1994 These cover, some partially, sixteen of the twenty-six counties. In Northern Ireland the Ancient Monuments Act 1926 (Northern Ireland) made the Ministry of Finance responsible for the archaeological monuments of Northern Ireland. The Ancient Monuments Advisory Council was established in 1937 and survey of such monuments (the first to be carried out in Ireland), began in 1938. The results were published in 1940 as A Preliminary Survey of the Ancient Monuments of Northern Ireland, often referred to as PSAMNI. The survey was edited by David Chart, Deputy Keeper of Public Records and included site reports from a range of Ulster archaeologists, including Lady Dorothy Lowry-Corry, George Paterson, Andrew McL May, Henry Lawlor and from Queen’s University, Oliver Davies and Estyn Evans. The only large-scale excavations to be carried out during this period were those of the Harvard University Archaeological Mission, led by Dr Hallam Movius in 1933. Their reports have been described as setting ‘a new standard in scientific archaeology and they were emulated by many Irish archaeologists’ (Evans 1966, 3). Due to the impact of the Second World War and economic difficulties thereafter, it was left to a few individuals to keep archaeology alive in 3

Cavan

1995

Wexford

1996

Laois

Cork (mid) Offaly

Waterford

Galway (north) Cork (north)

Tipperary (north) Leitrim

Sligo (south) Cork

Kerry (south and west)

1995 1997 1997 1999 1999 2000 2002 2003 2005 2009 2009

Figure 02: Table of county archaeological inventories for the Republic of Ireland

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND

Plate 02: Dudley Waterman

Plate 03: A.E.P. ‘Pat’ Collins

Northern Ireland. Many of those, who had worked on PSAMNI, published their surveys and excavations in academic journals, particularly the Ulster Journal of Archaeology. Notable among these were Estyn Evans and Oliver Davies, whose prolific rates of archaeological fieldwork and publication remain unmatched to this day. They have added immensely to our knowledge of Irish prehistory. In 1950, the Ministry of Finance established the Archaeological Survey of Northern Ireland, with Pat Collins and Dudley Waterman continuing the work of Evans and Davies. Dudley Waterman worked with the famous English archaeologist Mortimer Wheeler, before coming to Northern Ireland. He excavated and published reports on many megalithic tombs in Northern Ireland, but is perhaps best known for his work at Navan Fort in County Armagh. The Archaeological Survey directed their initial efforts to County Down, with An Archaeological Survey of County Down being published in 1966. Alfred Edward Patrick, or ‘Pat’ Collins as he was known, was also very active in excavating and publishing many of the prehistoric sites in Northern Ireland, with over forty articles and notes published in the Ulster Journal of Archaeology alone. He investigated many of the megalithic tombs in Northern Ireland, including Barnes Lower, Ballymacaldrack and Audleystown court tombs, Ballykeel portal tomb and the enigmatic burial cairn at Keentagh (usually referred to as Millin Bay) in County Down. The meticulous work of archaeologists such as Dudley Waterman and Pat Collins has greatly enhanced our understanding of prehistoric sites generally and megalithic tombs, in particular. Collections of artefacts, from many of these and also from more recent excavations, are held by the current descendant of the Ministry of Finance, the Historic Environment Division of the Department for Communities (HED). In 1971, the Historic Monuments Act finally established the Sites and Monuments Record for Northern Ireland. The work of Waterman and Collins was followed in the 1970s and 1980s by archaeologists such as Dr Ann Hamlin, Dr Chris Lynn, Dr Brian Williams, Claire Foley and Nick Brannon, until 1996, when the Environment and Heritage Service (EHS) was established. In 2008, the EHS was re-branded as the Northern Ireland Environment Agency: Built Heritage (NIEA) and due to recent reforms at the Northern Ireland Assembly, the NIEA became the COUNTY DATE OF Department for Communities: Historic Environment Division (HED). Information PUBLICATION from all known archaeological sites in Northern Ireland (known as the Northern Down 1966 Ireland Sites and Monuments Record, or SMR), along with details of listed buildings, marine, defence and industrial heritage records have been brought together into the Armagh 2009 Historic Environment Record of Northern Ireland (HERoNI), which is maintained by Fermanagh 2014 HED. There are currently around 17,000 archaeological sites, 9,000 historic buildings Figure 03: Table of county and 16,000 industrial heritage sites on this record. Much of this information has been archaeological inventories made available online, where site details and on-line mapping can also be accessed. for Northern Ireland Three county archaeological inventories have been completed.

4

INTRODUCTION Several site-specific and thematic surveys, as well as a range of smaller archaeological monographs and information booklets have also been completed, or publication supported by HED, including: SUBJECT

DATE OF PUBLICATION

Historic monuments not in state care

1969

Ancient Monuments of Northern Ireland in State Charge

1947

Ancient Monuments of Northern Ireland Carrickfergus Castle

Historic Monuments, introduction and guide

Pieces of the past, archaeological excavations 1970-1986 Archaeological work of the DOENI 1986-1989 Excavations at Navan Fort 1961-1971

1926 1981 1983 1988 1990 1997

Coití, logboats from Northern Ireland

Archaeological objects from County Fermanagh Strangford Lough archaeological survey Tide mills at Nendrum monastery

2000 2002 2002 2007

Carrickfergus castle and walled town

2008

Historic monuments in state care

CAMSAR survey of the archaeological resource Battles, boats and bones Deer Park Farms

2009 2009 2010 2011

Hidden History below our Feet

Tomb Travel, a guide to Northern Ireland’s megalithic monuments Rathlin Island archaeological survey Dunluce Castle

2011 2011 2012 2012

Unearthed: New Discoveries

2019

Figure 04: Table of site-specific and subject surveys published by HED

Excavation work was devolved by HED to commercial archaeological companies and regulated by a licensing system during the 1990s. By the year 2000, with an improving economic situation, many infrastructure improvements, such as up-graded road schemes and service improvements such as electricity, gas and water, were all taking place. These schemes were subject to monitoring by licenced commercial archaeologists and a vast number of previously-unknown archaeological sites were discovered and excavated, in advance of destruction. However, the sheer volume of material uncovered has led to a backlog of associated work, which will take many years to resolve. Licence conditions place an onus on the developer to pay for publication of the excavation report relating to their project. However, analysis of the artefacts recovered can be a time-consuming and expensive exercise and this is usually an expense, which is unpopular with developers, leading to minimal expenditure upon it. Commercial archaeological companies usually try to store the artefacts recovered from an excavation, until such time as a developer provides funding for post-excavation analysis. If a developer goes bankrupt before post-excavation analysis has been completed, artefacts languish in commercial stores, for extended periods without adequate conservation. Most of the excavation reports relating to these sites remain unpublished, although summary articles are available in the annual Summary Accounts of Archaeological Excavations in Ireland (Wordwell) and some preliminary reports are also available online. Preliminary excavation reports, the so-called grey literature, are curated by HED, but access to this material is difficult. Research-based archaeology commenced initially at the Queen’s University of Belfast in 1909, with the appointment of Kingdon Tregosse Frost, or ‘KT Frost’ as he was known. However, following his death in action during the First World War and later political upheaval due to 5

Plate 04: Professor Estyn Evans

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND

DEPOSITORY

NORTHERN IRELAND Armagh County Museum, Armagh Artefact left at original location Commercial archaeological companies Confirmed destroyed Down County Museum, Downpatrick Fermanagh County Museum Green Lane Museum, Limavady Historic Environment Division: Department for Communities In private ownership Queens University, Belfast National Trust, Northern Ireland Ulster Museum, Belfast Ulster University, Coleraine REPUBLIC OF IRELAND Birr Scientific Heritage Foundation Hunt Museum, Limerick Monaghan County Museum National Museum of Ireland, Dublin Royal Irish Academy, Dublin Stackallen College, County Meath Trinity College, Dublin University College Dublin

GREAT BRITAIN Ashmolean Museum, Oxford British Museum, London Chester Museum Cambridge Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Chadwick Museum, Bolton God’s Tower House Museum, Southampton Hunterian Museum, Glasgow Kelvingrove Museum, Glasgow Lewes Castle and Barbican Museum, East Sussex Manchester Museum National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh Pitt Rivers Museum, Farnham, Dorset Rotherham Museum St Albans Museum Salisbury Museum Taunton Castle Museum, Museum of Somerset West Berkshire Museum, Newbury Wilson-Cheltenham Museum and Art Gallery, Cheltenham York Museum

INTERNATIONAL National Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada

Figure 05: Table of depositories of artefacts from Northern Ireland the Partition of Ireland, it was not until the post-war years that the subject was revived. In 1928, Estyn Evans was appointed as lecturer and later professor of Geography, but his interests also included anthropology, archaeology and Irish folk life. He was instrumental in setting up the Department of Archaeology in 1948, initially with Oliver Davies and later with Professor Martyn Jope. They began a programme of archaeological excavation and published most of their reports in the third series of the Ulster Journal of Archaeology, which they had initiated in 1938. Their volume of publication was prolific and is one of the foundations upon which modern archaeology in Northern Ireland was based. Today, archaeology is still studied at university level in Northern Ireland. Queen’s University is a world leader in the 6

INTRODUCTION study of several archaeological technologies, including radiocarbon dating, dendrochronology and palaeoecology. At the University of Ulster, the Centre for Maritime Archaeology specialises in marine and coastal archaeology. Since 2002, the university has been involved with encouraging public participation in archaeological fieldwork, first through the Centre for Archaeological Fieldwork and subsequently the Centre for Community Archaeology. Funding for this has largely been provided from the Heritage Lottery Fund, in association with community groups such as the Belfast Hills Partnership. While excavation reports are published on the university website, collections of artefacts from these excavations have accumulated at the university. These artefacts are in addition to those already held within the university teaching collection. Prior to the Partition of Ireland in 1922, the National Museum in Dublin was the principal museum in Ireland and many artefacts from the north of Ireland were sent there to be recorded and curated. Many of these artefacts still reside there. In Northern Ireland, the Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society, which was founded in 1821, held a collection of artefacts donated by its members. Since then this collection has taken on several titles, including the Belfast Museum and Art Gallery, before becoming the Ulster Museum in 1962. A similar situation occurred in Armagh, where a collection of artefacts was held by the Armagh Natural History and Philosophical Society, until it was taken over by the county council, to form the basis of the new Armagh County Museum in 1937. The first curator to be appointed was Thomas Paterson, usually referred to as T.G.F. Paterson, a post that he held until 1963. He published widely on a range of historical and archaeological subjects, including comprehensive catalogues on the Armagh Museum Collections. The Folk Museum was established in 1958 to preserve something of Ulster rural life, which was rapidly being lost to urbanisation. A site at Cultra, County Down, was opened in 1964 and in 1967 the transport museum was relocated to this site. Today, in addition to a wide range of reconstructed rural buildings, it houses galleries on rail and transport and has been renamed the Ulster Folk and Transport Museum. There are also many smaller museums, where collections of prehistoric artefacts are held, including county museums at Downpatrick, in County Down and Enniskillen, in County Fermanagh. As with museums everywhere, displays are limited by space available and most artefacts are held in storage. Many of the prehistoric artefacts of Northern Ireland are also held by museums around the world, predominantly at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin, but also several museums within Great Britain and as far away as North America. Details of the holdings of this material are only sporadically published, sometimes by the organisation involved, or by researchers who have been permitted access. Classification systems are not usually in a standardised format and essential details such as provenance are often absent. To enhance their collections, museums often have to bid for artefacts at auctions or purchase them from individual owners. Until recently, opportunities for members of the public to become involved in archaeological fieldwork were limited to field trips, organised by local archaeological and historical societies. Some opportunities do now exist through schools, universities, the National Trust and the Ulster Archaeological Society for participation in archaeological excavations and also monument surveys. The Young Archaeologists’ Club (YAC) was formed in Northern Ireland in 2006 and provides opportunities for young people, between the ages of 8 and 16, to learn about archaeology and participate in field trips and excavation. The YAC currently have groups in Belfast, Downpatrick and Derry/Londonderry. METHODOLOGY The intention of this document is to capture and present details of prehistoric artefacts, which have been found in Northern Ireland. There are a number of reasons why an inventory of individual artefacts would not be practicable in a single volume. Firstly, the sheer number of individual artefacts found renders the recording of individual items impracticable. For example, at one site in Ballygalley, County Antrim, discovered in 1989, no less than 1,240 flint artefacts and 2,070 sherds of prehistoric pottery were recovered. At another site in Ballygalley, 50,000 flint artefacts were found, along with 5,000 prehistoric pottery sherds. It has also been estimated that the Ulster Museum in Belfast has a collection of over 5,000 stone axe heads. Secondly, archaeological artefacts are held at a wide range of locations, including government agencies, museums, universities, commercial archaeological companies, as well as private collections. These collections are often not documented or else they have been recorded in a multitude of ways. Any records, which do exist, are usually unpublished, with the exception of some museum collections, which have been published in journals such as the Ulster Journal of Archaeology and the Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland. Some artefacts have been recorded in the SMR, while most have not. Little attempt has been made to quantify these or make the information publicly available, with the exception of those from County Fermanagh (Williams and Gormley 2002). Thirdly, many artefacts have been lost or destroyed in the past, without any record of their existence. A great number probably await discovery, particularly in rivers, lakes, areas of bog and upland grazing land, which have so far escaped the attention of property or infrastructure development. For anyone caring to look, huge numbers of flint artefacts can be found on the beaches and sand dunes of Counties Antrim, Down and Londonderry, particularly following a storm. The difficulties referred to above were compounded, during the compilation of the inventory by 7

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND the coronavirus pandemic, which caused the closure of museums, libraries and academic institutions, thus preventing access to unpublished holdings of artefacts. Despite these problems, many archaeologists have produced comprehensive documents on specific types of artefacts. One example is the logboat, for which a comprehensive survey was published by Malcolm Fry in 2000 (Coití, Logboats from Northern Ireland). These were in use in Ireland for around 7000 years. The oldest so far recorded was recovered at Brookend, in County Tyrone, with a radiocarbon age of 5490-5246 BC and the latest recorded use of one was in the late eighteenth century. It is not possible to date logboats by using style alone, as earlier examples were often more sophisticated in construction. Radiocarbon dating or dendrochronology is usually employed to identify prehistoric examples. Another example is drinking vessels, also thought to have been in use throughout prehistory, but very few have survived or have been securely dated. Examples of wood, stone, ceramic and horn are all known, with some examples having decoration. Examples from the early Bronze, or Beaker period, are sometimes found at burial sites and indeed have given the name to this early part of the Bronze Age. An undecorated ceramic example, 14cm in height and 12cm in diameter, was found at Whitepark Bay in County Antrim. A soapstone cup, with a single handle, was found at Connor, also in County Antrim. This measured 6cm in height and 9.5cm in diameter at the mouth. A horn cup, decorated with dotted zig-zag lines, was found in a bog near Slemish Mountain, also in County Antrim. It measured 9cm in height and 6.5cm wide at the mouth, tapering to 5cm in width at the base, which is made of wood. Another horn cup was found at Portglenone in 1889, also decorated with dotted zig-zags. Detailed information is also available in specialist volumes, such as Peter Woodman’s The Mesolithic in Ireland in 1978 and Mallory and McNeill’s The Archaeology of Ulster from Colonisation to Plantation in 1991. Archaeological journals, such as the Ulster Journal of Archaeology, have published details of artefacts found over large areas, such as those from along the River Blackwater (Bourke et al. 1991/1992, 138149), in addition to the details which are normally published in excavation reports. The classifications used in this document comply generally in accordance with that of the Northern Ireland SMR and National Monuments Service of the Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht (which has also developed a system of codes, suitable for use in electronic databases). Both organisations hold classification lists, but these are not entirely consistent. In addition, many field archaeologists do not strictly adhere to these classifications and a variety of terms may be used to describe the same artefact. The use of terms, such as site and monument, have led to confusion, so in this inventory site is taken to mean ‘an area of ground on which something is located’ (Soanes and Hawker 2000, 968). The term monument is taken to refer to ‘a structure of historical importance’ (ibid., 659). There may be many monuments on a single site and often these are all included, as one reference in the Northern Ireland Sites and Monuments Record. In the Republic of Ireland, each monument is allocated an individual reference number, which greatly assists in identification. As this inventory records artefacts by the sites, at which they were found, it will be consistent with previous volumes detailing the burial sites (Welsh and Welsh 2014) and sites of prehistoric life (Welsh and Welsh 2018) in Northern Ireland and should help to achieve a more complete picture of prehistoric activity within a particular location. Entries are generally recorded as locations where artefacts were found, regardless of the number of individual items recovered. However, some locations are provided with multiple entries, where large numbers of artefacts, often of a similar type, were found. Entries are recorded alphabetically by county and then by townland. Entries are recorded in the inventory, where a findspot has been provenanced to a specific townland, or county. Artefacts, which are simply referred to as being from Northern Ireland, Ulster, Ireland, or are simply suspected of having originated in Ireland, have not been recorded. Where multiple artefacts form part of a museum or private collection, these are not individually recorded, but some of the more significant items are noted. Details of these collections are provided, where available, to facilitate further research. Entries are by site location and therefore within the inventory, this may include artefacts from different time periods. In the tables, however, these are separated into artefact types from each time period. For example, one site may have been visited by people during the Mesolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Age and is therefore categorised as three sites. Where very large numbers of artefacts, and/or of several different materials are found, these are categorised as assemblages, collections or hoards, where appropriate. CLASSIFICATIONS USED IN IRISH ARCHAEOLOGY The classification of prehistoric artefacts into stone, bronze and iron (usually referred to as the three-age system), was first suggested by Christian Thomsen, Head of Antiquarian Collections at the National Museum of Denmark in Copenhagen Museum in 1836. Since then many attempts at refining these classifications have been made. These are usually based on studies of monuments, such as megalithic tombs, habitation sites and artefacts, in order to identify changes over time, but Thomsen’s three-age system still provides the basic format that is in use today. There have been several attempts to refine these categories for Ireland, but common classification systems have not been agreed for 8

INTRODUCTION

ENTRY DETAIL * prefix

Townland

NOTES

While individual artefacts do not attract statutory protection, some sites where they were found have been scheduled under the Historic Monuments and Archaeological Objects (Northern Ireland) Order 1995. These are indicated by a single asterisk in the inventory. Those in State Care are indicated by a double asterisk, with a third asterisk to indicate that both levels of protection have been afforded. Townlands are recorded as on the relevant OS map. Where a site is not precisely located and may be in one of several townlands, the first townland in alphabetical order is used. Where multiple townlands of the same name occur in a County, the entry is distinguished by having the parish added in square brackets. Where a townland name is the same as the county name, such as Antrim and Armagh, and an artefact can be provenance to the townland, it is recorded in full as ANTRIM or ARMAGH. Where an artefact can only be traced to the county, it is recorded as UNKNOWN [ANT] or UNKNOWN [ARM].

OD height

CS number IG number

The vertical height of a findspot in metres above mean sea level. OS Six Inch County Series (1:10,500) map number OS Irish Grid 1:10,000 map number

Irish Grid reference OS Irish Grid location, consisting of the sheet letter and easting and northings to four decimal points SMR number

+ Text

The unique reference given in the Northern Ireland Sites and Monuments Record. The first three letters of the unique number indicate the county in which the monument is located. These are ANT for County Antrim, ARM for County Armagh, DOW for County Down, FER for County Fermanagh, LDY for County Londonderry and TYR for County Tyrone. This symbol represents sites that have not been precisely located. Map references for these have been determined from the information currently available. A brief description is given for each site or artefact, including landscape and structural features. References, plates, plans and illustrations are provided where these are available.

Figure 06: Table of inventory entry details and explanatory notes

artefacts, sites or even time periods, making all-island comparisons difficult. Recent developments such as radiocarbon dating, dendrochronology and DNA studies have contributed significantly to our knowledge of Irish prehistory. These are evolving sciences, with exciting new discoveries adding to and often challenging our existing understanding. TRADITIONAL PHASES IN IRISH PREHISTORY

Early Mesolithic

7000-5500 BC

Neolithic

4000-2400 BC

Later Mesolithic CLASSIFICATION

Early Bronze Age

Middle Bronze Age Late Bronze Age

DATE RANGES BC

Copper Age

2500 – 1200

Early Bronze Age

1500 – 1200

Middle Bronze Age

1200 – 300

Late Bronze Age

Figure 07: Table of periods of Irish Bronze Age (after Mallory and McNeill 1991, 105-107).

APPROXIMATE DATES BC

Iron Age

IRISH PHASES

BRITISH PHASES

Knochnagur Assemblage I and II

2000-1600

Ballyvally

1600-1500

5500-4000 BC 2400-2200 BC 2200-1500 BC 1500-1000 BC 1000-600 BC

600 BC – 400 AD

Figure 08: Table of Irish archaeological time periods (after Waddell 1998, 4)

2400 -2200 2200-2000

APPROXIMATE DATES

Killaha

Assemblage III

Assemblage IV and V

Derryniggin Assemblage VI

Figure 09: Table of Irish and British metalworking phases of the early Bronze Age (after Waddell 1998, 124). 9

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND A further complication for the modern researcher is that the names given to types of artefacts have changed over time and these changes are reflected accordingly in documentary sources. This is further complicated by the freedom that individual archaeologists have had to propose classifications based on their own studies. These personal classifications often include time periods and artefact types. TRADITIONAL PHASES Middle Bronze Age 1 Middle Bronze Age 2 Middle Bronze Age 3

PHASES IN IRELAND

Killymaddy

Bishopsland

PHASES IN ENGLAND

APPROXIMATE IRISH DATES

Acton Park Phase

1500-1350 BC

Penard Phase

1200-1000 BC

Taunton Phase

Late Bronze Age 1

Roscommon

Iron Age

Dowris C/Athlone Llyn Fawr/Halstatt 600BC- AD 400

Late Bronze Age 2 Iron Age

Wilburton Phase

1350-1200 BC

Dowris

Ewart Park Phase

1000-900 BC 900-600 BC

La Tène

Figure 10: Table of metalworking phases of the later Bronze and Iron Ages in Britain and Ireland (after Waddell 1998, 180) CLASSIFICATION Class A

FEATURES

SUB-DIVISION

Bronze Age

Constructed of three sheets of bronze, riveted Shipton (English) together. Two staples were cast into the rim to hold Wilburton (English) lifting rings. Tulnacross Portglenone

Class B

Multi-sheet bronze construction, with the rim rolled around a circular bronze rod for support. Staples may be cast into the rim, or riveted.

B1 (with added struts for strength)

Iron Age

Sheet bronze construction, with distinctive ‘broad belly’ Sheet iron construction Wooden construction

Figure 11: Table of classifications of Irish cauldrons (after Gerloff 1986 & Waddell 1998, 229-231) CLASSIFICATION

Early Series

Intermediate Series

FEATURES

DATES

Boat-shaped in plan, smooth, rounded butt and sharp cutting edge Early Bronze Age Expanding profile towards butt and blade ends

Early Bronze Age

Long, drooping blade and pointed butt.

Dates and provenance uncertain

Late Series, or Bann Type Greater depth of concavity around the shaft perforation. Usually decorated. Foreign Type

Early Bronze Age 2000-1400 BC

Figure 12: Table of classifications of Irish battle axes (after Simpson 1990, 5-40). CLASSIFICATION

Lough Ravel

Ballybeg (sub-type of Lough Ravel) Killaha

Ballyvalley Derryniggin

DETAILS

Flat, copper, with square and thick butt and gently splaying and deep cutting edge. Generally between 10cm and 15cm in length.

As above, but with thin butt, no decoration. Generally between 8cm and 15cm in length. Bronze, flat or slightly hammered-up flanges, rounded, thick butt, sides splay widely, shallow cutting edge, sometimes shape of equilateral triangle

Bronze, flat or with slightly hammered-up flanges, rounded, thin butt, sides splay gently in lower half, gently splayed cutting edge Bronze, cast flanges, thin rounded or slightly square butt, straight sides from which an almost semi-circular cutting edge protrudes at right angles. Usually 10cm to 12cm in length.

Figure 13: Table of classifications of copper and bronze axe heads (after Harbison 1968-1969, 35-37).

10

INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATION

DISTINGUISHING FEATURES

B1

Oval horizontal handle-holes

B3

Oval handle-holes off the horizontal

B2

Round perpendicular handle-holes

B1/2

Combination of handle forms B1 and B2

B1/3

Combination of handle forms B1 and B3

B2/3

Combination of handle forms B2 and B3

Figure 14: Table of classifications of Irish Beehive Querns (after Caulfield 1977, 104-138). CLASSIFICATION

FEATURES

Knocknagur (or Knocknague)

Flat, tanged dagger, usually of copper

Topped Mountain

Flat, triangular riveted dagger of bronze, with two grooves running parallel to the cutting edge of the blade

Corkey

Bronze, flat riveted dagger with triangular blade.

Figure 15: Table of classifications of copper and bronze daggers (after Harbison 1968-1969, 37) CLASSIFICATION

Carn Cotton

FEATURES

Copper, asymmetrical blade, three thick round-headed rivets arranged in a triangle, straight mid-rib As Carn type, but with curved mid-rib

Breaghwy

Bronze, symmetrical blade, rounded halfting plate, three or more conical-capped rivets arranged in an arc, straight mid-rib

Figure 16: Table of classifications of Irish copper and bronze halberds (after Harbison 1968-1969, 37) APPROXIMATE DATES BC

IRISH PHASES

BRITISH PHASES

2400 -2200

Knochnagur

Assemblage I and II

2000-1600

Ballyvally

Assemblage IV and V

2200-2000 1600-1500

Killaha

Assemblage III

Derryniggin

Assemblage VI

Figure 17: Table of Irish and British metalworking phases of the early Bronze Age (after Waddell 1998, 124) CLASSIFICATION

Carinated bowls

Decorated Bowls

Bipartite Bowls

DETAILS

This is the earliest type of Neolithic pottery, in use from around 4000 BC until about 3500BC, when regional variants began to be used. These variants, also known as Western Neolithic, include Lyles Hill (or Neolithic A Ware). These include Goodland, Sandhills Western, Dundrum, Broad-Rimmed and Murlough styles. These have a broad rim and are decorated with small channels, cord impressions or small dots. Globular bowls, such as Goodland Bowls, are decorated with cord impressions or incisions. A variant is Carrowkeel Ware, which has long grooves cut across the surface. These vessels, also known as Ballyalton Bowls, have a small neck, which widens to a broad shoulder. The surfaces are decorated with incisions or cord impressions.

Figure 18: Table of classifications of Irish early Neolithic pottery CLASSIFICATION

Grooved Ware

DETAILS

This appeared around 3000 BC, as flat-bottomed, tub-shaped pots, some of which were decorated with parallel grooved lines.

Figure 19: Table of classifications of Irish later Neolithic pottery

11

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND

CLASSIFICATION

DETAILS

Beaker

This appeared around 2400 BC as a range of vessels, used for drinking, cooking, storage and also in burial contexts. Humphrey Case proposed three categories to aid with identification. These are Style 1, also known as all-over-cord, or all-over-ornament after its form of decoration; Style 2 includes bell-shaped vessels, usually with comb-impressed or incised ornamentation, in horizontal zones. Coarse examples may not be decorated and are thought to have been employed solely for cooking; Style 3 appeared insular in fashion, with a variety of shapes and ornamentation.

Bowls

These are thought to be a legacy from the Beaker pottery style. These are also known as Bowl Food Vessels and usually measure between 8cm and 15cm in height. They can be simple or bipartite, or necked bipartite, tripartite or ribbed in shape. They are highly decorated on external surfaces, including the base, with comb-impressed lines, zig-zag and chevron ornament. Smaller versions, known as Pigmy Cups or Miniature Bowls were also made.

Vases

Cordoned Urns Collared Urns



These are decorated vessels, measuring usually between 11 and 18cm in height and appearing in two main forms. The bipartite vase has a slightly everted rim and a rounded shoulder, producing a biconical profile. The tripartite vase has an angular profile and an everted or vertical neck above a sloping shoulder. Larger versions are known as Vase Urns (also Enlarged Food Vessels, or Food Vessel Urns) and can measure between 20cm and 30cm in height. A further variant is the Encrusted Urn, which can be up to 40cm in height. It is distinctive, due to its applied, rather than incised, ornamentation. These are distinctive, due to the horizontal cordons or raised ribs and also a single band of ornamentation around the uppermost part of the vessel. They are usually between 30cm and 35cm in height, but a few smaller examples of between 12cm-15cm have been found. A few examples are undecorated. These are distinguished by a collared rim above a concave neck. The collars and necks are often decorated with cord impressed or incised ornamentation, although these can also be plain. They are thought to date from around 2000 BC to around 1400 BC.

Figure 20: Table of classifications of Irish Bronze Age pottery CLASSIFICATIONS USED IN THE INVENTORY

The following classifications have been used in this inventory and are based on those used widely in modern databases and publications. Adze

A bronze or iron tool, similar to an axe head, but which has an arched blade at right-angles to the handle. Used for cutting or shaping timber. Anvil Stone A slab of stone, which has a cone-shaped hollow on the upper surface. These were used for securing small rocks, while breaking them up, as part of the metal extraction process. Usually dated to the Bronze Age. Ard Point An elongated stone, which would have been attached to a wooden pole and dragged across the ground, in order to make a simple plough (Ard). Introduced during the early Neolithic. Armlet This is similar to a bracelet, but designed to be worn on the upper arm (see bracelet below). These are usually of gold, bronze or shale. Arrow This is a reasonably complete arrow, which includes arrowhead and wooden shaft. Arrowhead This was introduced to Ireland during the Neolithic, when early versions were hollow-based, lozenge or leafshaped. Arrowheads were also used during the Bronze Age, when barbed and tanged versions were common. Flint and chert were usually employed to make arrowheads. Assemblage This is a group of three or more artefacts of different materials, which are found together at a site or monument, usually during archaeological excavation. Awl Also known as a borer, this is a pointed tool, used to pierce holes in wood, leather or textiles throughout prehistory. Examples are found in flint, bone and bronze. Axe This is a complete axe, consisting of an axe head and the wooden shaft in which it was mounted. Complete prehistoric axes are extremely rare.

12

INTRODUCTION Axe Hammer These feature a sharpened blade on one side and a shaped hammer on the other. Originally fashioned in flint during the Neolithic and moulded in Bronze during the Bronze Age, metal axe hammers are usually provided with a vertical hole for attachment to a wooden shaft. Axe Head (Bronze) Introduced during the Bronze Age, these take a variety of forms, from simple flat axe heads, to those with flanges, to palstaves and socketed axe heads. Palstaves (also known as winged or wing-flanged axe heads) had raised flanges to the sides and a raised centrally placed bar, to enable it to be firmly attached to a wooden handle. They are thought to date to the Middle Bronze Age, 1500-1200 BC. Changes in bronze axe-making technology are often used in relative dating of sites. Axe Head (Copper) Flat axe heads of copper. These are thought to represent the earliest phase of metalworking, before the incorporation of tin to make bronze artefacts. This early metalworking phase is sometimes referred to as the Copper Age. Axe Head (Flint) During the Mesolithic, these were of two types: core axes and flake axes Axe Head (Iron) Early examples were copies of Bronze Age socketed axe heads. Axe Head (Stone) This is an axe head, which has been fashioned from a variety of rock types, including porcellanite, mudstone, schist and basalt. Bann Flake This is a leaf-shaped flint flake, resembling a spearhead, with the base trimmed to fit into a wooden shaft. They are also known as butt-trimmed flakes. Battle Axe Head A stone axe head, usually with a central, vertical perforation for mounting on a wooden shaft. Some are highly decorated and are found in a variety of stone types. It is thought to have been in use, throughout prehistory, as a weapon. Basin Stone Carved boulder, in the form of a basin, usually found in Neolithic passage tombs. Bead This is a small decorative object, which can be made of stone, ceramics or wood. It is usually provided with a perforation, to allow for threading together, in order to form an item of jewellery, such as a bracelet or necklace. Bow This is a weapon, consisting of a semi-rigid shaft, connected by a high tensile string at each end and used to launch arrows. Yew was a popular material for making bows, due to its flexibility and strength. Bracelet This is an item of jewellery, which was designed to be worn on the wrist (see armlet above). Brooch (Fibula) This is a large clothes fastener, which resembles a modern safety pin. They are usually decorative and thought to date from the Iron Age. Bucket A cylindrical vessel used for holding or carrying solids or liquids. Examples of bronze and wood have been found. Bullroarer Also known as a rhombus, or turdun, this is a musical device, which is also used for communication over great distances. Examples have been found at various archaeological sites across the world, with a few dated to the Palaeolithic period. Bulla This is a gold amulet [often thought to give protection against disease etc.], worn as a locket. It was named after a type of Roman pendant. In Latin Bulla means bubble. Burin A flint tool, used for graving bone or antler into tools. Dating to the early Mesolithic (8000-5500 BC) Button Thought to have been introduced during the early Bronze Age, these are usually v-perforated and are in a variety of materials, such as bone and stone. Cauldron This is a large pot for cooking over an open fire. They are thought to date from the late Bronze Age to the Iron Age. Usually formed of bronze, but wooden cauldrons have also been found. 13

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND Chape A protective metal fitting, added to the point of a scabbard, usually for a dagger or sword. Chisel (Bronze) A bronze tool, thought to have been used in metal and woodworking. These are found in a variety of styles, including socketed and trunnion chisels. Chisel (Stone) A stone tool, thought to have been used for excavating and carving rock during the Neolithic. Churn (Wooden) A wooden vessel used to agitate milk in order to produce butter. Several, containing butter, have been found in bogs, giving rise to the term bog butter. The earliest churns date to the Iron Age. Club (Stone) A large stone club, measuring up to 40cm in length and usually incorporating a handle. Occasionally it is shaped like an axe. It is attributed to the later Mesolithic. Collection This is a group of artefacts created by someone. Individuals may have a private collection, while holdings of institutions, such as museums, are usually referred to as collections. Core (Flint) The remaining part of a flint nodule, after flakes have been removed. Dagger These are found in copper and bronze and usually dated to the early and middle Bronze Age. Sometimes, they are referred to as knives. Decorated Stone This is a boulder, on which a pattern of decoration has been inscribed. Patterns such as spirals or intersecting lines are thought to be Neolithic in date. Cup-and-ring design or simple hollows are usually attributed to the Bronze Age and in the Iron Age, La Tène style decoration is usually found. Dirk This is similar to a rapier (see below), but with a shorter blade, usually measuring less than 30cm in length. Disc (Bronze) These are thought to be decorative mounts, usually with high-quality artwork applied, dating to the early centuries AD. Disc (Gold) These are small decorated discs of sheet gold, measuring from 4 cm to 11cm in diameter. They are thought to date to the Beaker period of the early Bronze Age. Disc (Stone) Small stone discs, c.5-8cm in diameter and of a variety of rock types. Their function is not known. Dress Fastener This is a small curved bar, usually of gold and circular in section, with flattened terminals. It is thought to have been used to fasten garments together. Smaller versions are referred to as Slieve Fasteners (see below). Drinking Vessel Drinking vessels are thought to have been in use throughout prehistory, but very few are securely dated. Examples of wood, stone, ceramic and horn are known, with some examples having decoration. Examples from the early Bronze, or Beaker period, are sometimes found at burial sites and indeed have given the name to this early part of the Bronze Age. Ear Ring This is an item of jewellery, which has been designed to be worn through a piercing in the ear lobe. It usually takes the form of a penannular ring and is constructed of gold. See ear spools below. Ear Spool These are drum-shaped ear adornments and were known as ear spools, which were designed to be fitted into an enlarged piercing in the ear lobe. They were usually constructed of sheet gold and decorated. See ear ring above. Flesh Hook This is thought to be part of ceremonial feasting equipment and dates to the Bronze Age, between 1050 BC and 900 BC. Flint Blade A type of flint cutting tool, usually twice as long as it is wide and with parallel sides and at least two dorsal (outer) ridges. Small blades, known as microliths, were a feature of the early Mesolithic (8000-5500 BC)

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INTRODUCTION Flint Flake These were created, throughout prehistory, during the flint knapping process. Examples from the Paleolithic period are extremely rare and thought to have been transported to Ireland by the movement of glaciers. Most examples date to the Neolithic or Bronze Age. Flints Unclassified flint artefacts or debitage, as a result of the flint-working process. Gouge A chisel, with a concave blade, was used in woodwork or stone carving. Usually made of bronze and thought to date to the late Bronze Age. Halberd This was essentially a copper or bronze dagger, which was mounted at right angles to a wooden pole and thought to have been in use from 2200-1700 BC. Hammer Stone A pebble or small cobble, used to strike flint flakes off a flint nodule. This is usually identified by evidence of chipping at the point of striking. Not to be confused with Stone Hammer (see below). Hoard This is a collection of three or more artefacts of value, which are found together, but in such a way as to suggest that they were deliberately chosen to be together. This is sometimes referred to as a wealth deposit. These may be of a variety of materials and artefact types, or a collection of similar artefacts, such as coins. A buried hoard is sometimes referred to as a cache. Horn (Bronze) This is constructed of sheet bronze. These are thought to date from the late Bronze Age, but were also employed during the Iron Age. Some are end-blown, while others are side-blown. Horse Tack These form parts of the equipment, which are required for the control of horses. This includes items such as the bridle bit, horse bit and the terret, which is the ring through which driving reins were passed. These are usually associated with chariot harness. Ingot A block of metal, which is typically oblong in shape. Bronze, silver, gold and iron examples have been found. Javelin head (Flint) Thought to have been introduced to Ireland during the Neolithic Age, they usually measure between 5cm and 25cm in length. It is a weapon to be thrown, rather than hand-held (spear). Knife (Bronze) General-purpose tool, thought to have been introduced during the late Bronze Age c.900-500 BC. Knife (Flint) This is usually flat on one side and arched on the other. They can also be referred to as plano-convex knives and were in use during the Neolithic and Bronze Age. Logboat These are also referred to as a dugout canoe. These were employed throughout prehistory and many examples have been recovered from coastal areas, lakes and rivers. Loom Weight Stone weights that are tied to the vertical warp yarns to keep the threads taught. These can be simple pebbles, but are more often circular with a central perforation to tie them securely to the warp threads. It is thought to have been in use since the early Bronze Age. Lunula (plural Lunulae) These are usually of gold, which has been beaten into a thin crescent shape, which gives it its name (small moon). They are thought to date to the early Bronze Age. Macehead (Stone) Pebble maceheads were introduced during the Mesolithic, but the majority of stone maceheads are thought to date from the Neolithic. These were finely crafted from stone, such as gneiss and amphibolite. They are thought to have had symbolic, rather than practical applications. Mirror Handle This is a cast bronze handle, featuring bird-head motifs for an iron mirror. It is thought to be imported from Britain and dated to the Iron Age, around the first century AD. Mould (Clay) Moulds were of baked clay, into which molten metal can be poured to create an object. Clay moulds have been found for a wide range of metal artefacts, including socketed items, which required intricate moulding patterns.

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THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND Mould (Stone) These are stones, into which the shape of an object has been incised. Molten metal can then be poured into this, creating the required object. Later versions employed two such stones, tied together, into which molten metal could be poured into one end, producing an object with detail on the upper and lower surfaces. Pebble (Painted) These are rare in Ireland and thought to date to the late Iron Age and are possibly of Pictish origin. Pebble Tool This is a stone tool, shaped like an axe head. It is also referred to as an elongated pebble tool. It is thought to date to the late Mesolithic and was employed to remove limpets from rocks. Pick A pointed tool, found made of stone, flint and bone. It is thought these were mainly used to excavate rock and were in use throughout prehistory. Pin (Bone or Antler) This was first introduced during the Neolithic period and was often found in passage tombs. They are also found during the early Bronze Age. Pin (Bronze or Gold) Also known as sunflower pins, or disc-headed pins, these were made of bronze or gold and were common in the late Bronze Age. Examples are found with a disc-shaped head, at right angles to the shaft, or with the shaft bent below the head, resulting in it being parallel to the shaft. These are also known as sunflower pins. Polishing Stone A slab of stone is used, with the addition of sand, for polishing stone axe heads. Found in a variety of stone types. Pottery (Bronze Age) Appeared in Ireland around 2400 BC with a range of vessels, usually highly decorative and known as Beaker pottery. Subsequent Bronze Age pottery styles include bowls (with smaller types known as pigmy cups, miniature bowls and miniature accessory cups), vases and cordoned and collared urns. Pottery-making in Ireland ended at the end of the Bronze Age, c.300 BC and did not resume until the medieval period, c. AD 450. Pottery (Neolithic) Pottery was first introduced into Ireland during the Neolithic and takes several forms, developing over time. Early forms include carinated, decorated and bipartite bowls and later tub-shaped pots known as Grooved Ware. Pottery (Unclassified) Usually found in the form of sherds, without any distinguishing features to enable attribution to a specific pottery style or time period. Rapier (Bronze) These are very thin sword-like weapons, which are thought to be more ceremonial than practical as combat weapons, with blades of up to 50cm in length having been found. Similar weapons, with a blade length of less than 30cm in length, are usually classified as dirks (see above). They are thought to date from the middle Bronze Age. Razor (Bronze) Thought to date from the middle Bronze Age and used for the removal of facial hair, suggesting a change of fashion at this time. Ring Item of jewellery designed to be worn on the finger. Rings of various materials have been found, but rings are usually of gold or bronze. Ring Money These are rings of bronze or gold, which are used as currency. They usually date to the Bronze Age. Quern (Bee-Hive) This is a more elaborate form of rotary quern (see below) and is known as a bee-hive quern due to its distinctive shape. It was introduced to Ireland during the second century BC and continued to be used throughout the Iron Age. Quern (Rotary) These consist of a circular flat-topped stone, with a similar circular stone set on top. The upper stone usually has a central hole into which grain was poured and another hole near the perimeter, into which a stick could be placed. The top stone could then be rotated, using the stick in order to grind the corn. It was introduced during the Bronze Age. Quern (Saddle) This is a stone, which has been fashioned into the shape of a horse-riding saddle, into which grain was placed and ground with a separate rounded stone. It is thought to have been introduced to Ireland during the early Neolithic and was still in use during the late Bronze Age. 16

INTRODUCTION Ringed Pin More common during the medieval period, a few cast bronze examples have been found and dated to the Iron Age. Rubbing Stone A small cobble, used for the grinding and smoothing of stone artefacts, such as axe heads, or animal skins. These are found in a variety of rock types and are usually identified by their polished surfaces. Scabbard This is a sheath for holding a sword, knife or other bladed weapon. Typically, it was made of leather or metal. Scraper (flint) These take a variety of forms and are named accordingly. They have been in use from the Mesolithic and are commonly found on Neolithic sites. Individual examples include end scrapers and hollow scrapers. Sculpture Carved anthropomorphic figure are usually made of stone, but are also found in wood. Perhaps the carving is of the upper body or just the head, or heads. Shield A protective device against blows or missiles and usually held by straps or a handle on one side. These are usually of thin bronze, leather or wood, or a combination of materials. Sickle A single-handed agricultural tool designed to harvest crops. It has a curved, sharpened inner blade for catching and cutting stems in one movement. This was first employed during the Bronze Age. Slag A by-product produced, after smelting metal from its raw ore. It is usually a mixture of metal oxides and silicon dioxide. Slieve Fastener These are pennanular gold objects, designed with large terminals and are thought to have been used to fasten the sleeves of garments together. Larger versions are known as Dress Fasteners (see above). Spear-butt This is a metal protector for the base of a spear. It is usually made of bronze and considered to be more decorative than functional. These were found in a variety of types, including long tubular types and those that resemble door knobs. Spearhead The sharp point of a spear, designed to be a hand-held weapon and dated to the Bronze Age, these were usually cast with a hollow socket and loops to facilitate securing to a wooden shaft. By the late Bronze Age, loops had been abandoned in favour of holes to allow riveting to the shaft. Early examples were of bronze, although they were also produced in iron, during the Iron Age. Spindle Whorl A disc or spherical object, filled onto a spindle to act as a flywheel to increase and maintain the rate of spin. This is usually as part of the textile spinning process. Stone Ball Modified stones of various rock types, including chalk and quartz have been found at ceremonial sites and Neolithic passage tombs. Thought to be part of a ritual purpose, they are usually well-rounded and range in size from 15cm to 5cm in diameter. Stone Hammer Thought to have been introduced during the early Bronze Age, in order to aid ore extraction and also in metalworking. Some are hand-held, while others were modified for hafting. Not to be confused with Hammer Stone (see above). Sword (Bronze) Late Bronze Age swords were heavy, slashing weapons, with distinctive leaf-shaped blades. They are thought to have been introduced around 1000 BC. Sword (Iron) Dating to the Iron Age, these were usually shorter than their Bronze Age predecessors and often decorated in the La Tène style. Tankard A roughly-cylindrical drinking cup, usually with one handle. A wooden example from Carrickfergus was stavebuilt, similar to modern barrels. Torc These are lengths of gold bar, which are formed in a variety of ways. They are usually classified in accordance with their method of construction. These include bar, ribbon and flange-twisted torcs. They are usually dated to the late Bronze Age.

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THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND Wooden Bowl A variety of prehistoric wooden bowls have been found and it has been suggested that they often reflect metal vessels in their form. Examples date from the early Bronze Age to the Iron Age and display high levels of woodworking skills. Wooden Former A wooden object, which is used to give structure to an artefact during the manufacturing process. In the manufacture of leather shields, a wooden former was used, over which a leather skin was stretched to make a shield. These were usually circular or oval-shaped with a hole in the centre, probably to allow for a boss, or handhold. In the manufacture of large bronze artefacts such as swords, wooden formers gave stability to the unfired clay mould and burned away in the heat pf the firing process to allow for the introduction of the molten bronze. Wooden Mallet A wooden hammer-like tool, which is often used in the building of timber trackways. Wooden Stake Wooden poles, which are sometimes sharpened to a point, usually found in association with wooden trackways or palisades in wetland or bogs. Wrist Bracer This is a small rectangular strip of stone, with perforations at each end. These were originally thought to have been worn on the wrist by archers, to give protection from the bow string after shooting an arrow. Recent research has indicated that these would not have offered much protection and they should instead be considered as items of personal adornment. They usually date to the early Bronze Age. ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE TEXT ACM ACS ADS AM BM CAF CM CMA CS DARD FT GAA G&L GUARD HED IDB IG INS JRSAI KM M MM NAC NIHE NMI NPL OD OS PSAMNI QUB SMR UCD UJA UM YDS

Armagh County Museum Archaeological Consultancy Services Limited Archaeological Development Services Limited Ashmolean Museum, Oxford British Museum Centre for Archaeological Fieldwork, Queens University, Belfast Centimetre Centre for Maritime Archaeology, Ulster University Ordnance Survey County Series (6 inches to 1 mile) map number Department of Agriculture and Rural Development Foot or Feet Gaelic Athletic Association Gahan and Long Limited Glasgow University Archaeological Research Division Department for Communities Historic Environment Division (formerly NIEA Built Heritage and Environment and Heritage Service) Industrial Development Board Ordnance Survey Irish Grid (1 :10,000 scale) map number Inches Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland Kilometre Metre Millimetre Northern Archaeological Consultancy Limited Northern Ireland Housing Executive National Museum of Ireland, Dublin Not precisely located Height in metres above Ordnance Datum Ordnance Survey Preliminary Survey of the Ancient Monuments of Northern Ireland Queen’s University, Belfast Northern Ireland Sites and Monuments Record University College Dublin Ulster Journal of Archaeology Ulster Museum Yards 18

INVENTORY AGHALEE: BRONZE AXE HEAD & SPEARHEAD+ 40m OD; CS 62; IG 164; J 1200 6500 A bronze, flat axe head was reported in the OS Memoirs to have been found here. Its current location is unknown. A bronze spearhead ‘of the Arreton Down type’ (Watson 1945, 115) was also found here. It is now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

COUNTY ANTRIM AGHACARNAGHAN: BRONZE AXE HEAD 30m OD; CS 48; IG 94; J 0100 8700+ It was reported in the OS Memoirs that a bronze flanged axe head had been found here. Its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. AGHALECK: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 130m OD; CS 9; IG 16; D 1350 3520 It was reported by Watson that a multi-ridged food vessel was found at Glenbank. This has been identified as a bowl food vessel or Irish Bowl. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 307.1934]. The general area is improved grassland, with some woodland, on the west bank of the Glenshesk River. The site is on a steep, lower south-eastern facing slope of Knocklayd, with excellent views up, down and across the river valley. ANT 009:052 Watson 1945, 80-118.

*AGHALISLONE: FLINTS 92m OD; CS 64; IG 146; J 2549 6825 These artefacts were recovered during topsoil stripping, adjacent to the site of a mound barrow. This was carried out under archaeological supervision, just north of the barrow, prior to development. Numerous fragments of burnt flint and a bi-polar core (suggesting a Bronze Age date) were recovered from the spoil heap, during a previous topsoil strip at this site (CAF, July 2007). ANT 064:077 AIRD: STONE AXE HEAD 30m OD; CS 3; IG 1; C 9400 4400+ A polished stone axe head, which measured 10.1cm in length, 6cm in width and 2.8cm in thickness, was found at the Giant’s Causeway. It was donated to Armagh County Museum [ACM 100.62]. ANT [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1975, 5-24.

AGHALECK: BRONZE RAZOR & SWORD 130m OD; CS 8; IG 15; D 1300 1500+ A bronze razor was reported to have been found at Knocklayde. This is likely to be Knocklayd Mountain, which is also known as Carn an Truagh. The summit, standing at a height of 514m, is the point at which ten townlands meet, but none are named after the mountain. The other townlands are Broom-more, Clare Mountain, Cleggan, Corvally, Essan, Kilrobert, Stroan, Tull and Tavnaghboy townlands. The razor is thought to date to the late Bronze Age and classified as Class IV. It is currently held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [1927.2841]. A bronze, leaf-shaped sword was reported in the OS Memoirs to have been found within the peat, beside the cairn on the summit of Knocklayd Hill. Its current whereabouts are unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119; Hodges 1956, 29-56.

AIRD: BRONZE AXE HEAD+ 30m OD; CS 3; IG 1; C 9400 4400 A bronze flanged axe head was reported to have been found at the Giant’s Causeway. It was donated to Salisbury Museum in England. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. ANTICUR: FLINT SCRAPERS (2) 100m OD; CS 23; IG 43; D 0300 1800 A flint hollow scraper and an end scraper were found here. They became part of the Fawcett Collection. In 1966 they were purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A3, A16.1966]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan et al. 1968, 33-52.

AGHALECK: BRONZE AXE HEADS (2) 130m OD; CS 8; IG 15; D 1300 1500+ A bronze palstave axe head was reported to have been found at Knocklayde. This is likely to be Knocklayd Mountain, which is also known as Carn an Truagh. The summit, standing at a height of 514m, is the point at which ten townlands meet, but none are named after the mountain. The other townlands are Broom-more, Clare Mountain, Cleggan, Corvally, Essan, Kilrobert, Stroan, Tull and Tavnaghboy townlands. The axe head was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 97.1959]. The second axe head was of the flanged type and had been recorded in the OS Memoirs. Its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119; Lucas et al. 1961, 43-107.

ANTICUR: BRONZE AXE HEAD 100m OD; CS 23; IG 43; D 0300 1800 A bronze palstave axe head was reported to have been found in Anticur Bog. This location was referred to by Knowles as Garbaghy Bog. The current location of the axe head is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

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THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND ANTRIM: POTTERY (UNCLASSIFIED) 35m OD; CS 50; IG 96; J 1513 8653 This site is also referred to as Drumnahoe or Aghnahough. It was investigated in advance of a large-scale housing development. Further monitoring to the north revealed a token cremation, a number of pits of varying sizes and the probable remains of a rectangular structure (Area C). Finds recovered from this site included sherds of prehistoric pottery. ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2000; 2006.

AUGHNAHOY: BATTLE AXE HEAD 31m OD; CS 36; IG 66; C 9900 0200+ This battle axe head was reported as being recovered from the River Bann at Aughnaboy, although this is more likely to be Aughnahoy. It has been classified as of the Early Series (early Bronze Age) by Derek Simpson. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI X2330]. ANT [Not in SMR] Simpson 1990, 1

ANTRIM: BRONZE BRACELETS (2) 100m OD; CS 50; IG 96/112; J 1500 8600+ This pair of bronze bracelets was reported to have been found near Antrim town. They have been attributed to the Hallstatt period of the early Iron Age. The internal diameters of the bracelets measured 7.6cm and 7cm. ANT [Not in SMR] Armstrong 1924, 124-125.

Figure 22: Aughnahoy Battle Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Simpson 1990, 19) AUGHNAMULLAN: STONE AXE HEAD 110m OD; CS 55; IG 128; J 2000 7700+ A damaged porcellanite axe head was reported to have been found at Killead. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 932]. ANT [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-60. AUGHNAMULLAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 110m OD; CS 55; IG 128; J 2000 7700 This site was reported in the OS Memoirs as about a dozen urns with ashes and small bones, which were found in 1837 and re-interred. There is no local knowledge of this site and it cannot now be located. ANT 055:112 OS Memoir Killead, 1838, 85; Waddell 1990, 43.

Figure 21: Antrim Bracelets (Not in SMR) (after Armstrong 1924, 124) ANTRIM: BRONZE AXE HEADS (5) 100m OD; CS 50; IG 96/112; J 1500 8600+ A bronze flat axe head was reported to have been found here. This formed part of the Robb Collection, which is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. Two flanged axe heads were also found here and formed part of the Hunt-Ball Collection in Limerick. Their current location is unknown. A bronze palstave axe head was also found here and formed part of the Adams Collection. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. A bronze socketed axe head was also found here and formed part of the Robb Collection. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

AUGHNAMULLAN: BRONZE AXE HEAD 110m OD; CS 55; IG 128; J 2000 7700+ A bronze or copper flat axe head was reported to have been found at Killead. It is now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. *AULT ALIAS GOWKSTOWN: ASSEMBLAGE 215m OD; CS 29; IG 57/58; D 3161 1082 This wedge tomb, also known as the Giant’s Grave, is sited on a terrace of ground, with land rising to the east and falling away to the west. This tomb is quite well preserved and is orientated south-west/north-east. The outer walling of individual orthostats is fairly complete at the sides and rear. The gallery is divided by a sill and is filled with collapsed material. One lintel survives at the back of the gallery. It was investigated in 1870, when a quantity

ANTRIM: BRONZE SPEARHEADS (4) 100m OD; CS 50; IG 96/112; J 1500 8600+ Three bronze spearheads were reported to have been found here and recorded in the Day Catalogue. They are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. A fourth spearhead, with a leaf-shaped blade and loops on the socket, formed part of the Hunt-Ball Collection in Limerick. Its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. 20

INVENTORY BALLAGHMORE OR BUSHMILLS: BRONZE AXE HEADS (4) 30m OD; CS 3; IG 6/7; C 9400 4000+ A bronze three-ribbed axe head was reported to have been found here. It was attributed to the late Bronze Age and is currently held at the Chester Museum in England. A bronze flanged axe head was reported to have been found at Bushmills. It was donated to the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. A palstave axe head and a socketed axe head were also found here. Both are now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119; Hodges 1956, 29-56.

of Bronze Age pottery was discovered. ANT 029:019 Chart 1940, 26; OS Field Report 197. BALLAGHMORE OR BUSHMILLS: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 30m OD; CS 3; IG 6/7; C 9400 4000 Pottery, which has been identified as Bell Beaker and dating to the early Bronze Age, was found here. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 332.1924]. It has been described as Rusticated Southern British type (ApSimon). ANT [Not in SMR] ApSimon 1969, 28-72.

BALLAGHMORE OR BUSHMILLS: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 30m OD; CS 3; IG 6/7; C 9400 4000+ A bronze spearhead was reported to have been found here. It is currently held at the British Museum in London. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

BALLAGHMORE OR BUSHMILLS: STONE AXE HEADS (2) 30m OD; CS 3; IG 6/7; C 9400 4000+ Two porcellanite axe heads were reported to have been found at Bushmills. They are now held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [AM 1927. 4547 & 4548]. ANT [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-60.

BALLEE: BEEHIVE QUERN 60m OD; CS 37; IG 67; D 1087 0029 A private landowner found this quern stone, when carrying out work in a field. It is a roughly rounded stone, with a central pipe and funnel visible, although approximately one third of the stone is missing. The stone measured 30cm in diameter and 15cm in depth. A handle hole is visible in the side and also directly above on the upper surface, so that the hole runs right through the stone. The stone is now in the owner’s garden. It has been attributed to the Iron Age. ANT 037:073

BALLAGHMORE OR BUSHMILLS: STONE AXE HEAD 30m OD; CS 3; IG 6/7; C 9400 4000+ A thin, straight-sided and tapering polished stone axe head was found here by students of Ballymoney Secondary School. It measured 10cm in length. It is held within the school collection. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1964, 96-102.

Figure 23: Ballaghmore or Bushmills Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Flanagan 1964, 98) BALLAGHMORE OR BUSHMILLS: BRONZE KNIFE 30m OD; CS 3; IG 6/7; C 9400 4000+ A bronze knife with a ribbed tang was reported to have been found here. It was attributed to the late Bronze Age. It is currently held at the Salisbury Museum in England [SM.204]. ANT [Not in SMR] Hodges 1956, 29-56.

Plate 05: Ballee Quern Stone (ANT 037:073) BALLINLEA LOWER: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 8; IG 7/8; D 0300 3900 This findspot may also be found in Ballinlea Upper townland. This site was reported in the OS Memoirs as ‘about 4ft [1.2m] beneath the surface of a sand quarry were discovered in 1837 an earthen urn containing a quantity of decayed bones. The urn was covered by a flat stone; it was broken in lifting it out.’ The site is currently not visible and has probably been destroyed. ANT 008:165 OS Memoir Ballintoy, 1838, 46; O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol. IV, 329.

BALLAGHMORE OR BUSHMILLS: BRONZE HORSE TACK 30m OD; CS 3; IG 6/7; C 9400 4000+ A bronze horse bit was reported to have been found here. It was classified as Type D and has been attributed to the early Iron Age. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 1944.18]. ANT [Not in SMR] Haworth 1971, 26-49.

21

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND BALLINLEA UPPER: FLINT HOARD 92m OD; CS 8; IG 8; D 0420 4030 These artefacts were reported by J. Marshall, who found nine end scrapers, one scraper, three flint flakes and a leaf-shaped arrowhead, all within this area. The site is in undulating land with low ridges, around the junction of the Straid and Ballinlea Roads. The sub-circular area indicated on the 1935 OS map was inspected, but no remains of any antiquities were observed and no flint tools were recovered. The landowners all know about Mr Marshall’s finds, but none reported any new finds or knew of any monuments on their land. ANT 008:133

BALLINTOY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 92m OD; CS 4; IG 2/8; D 0400 4400+ A vase food vessel of poor fabric, measuring 19.8cm in height, was found here. It had a band of cord-impressed decoration around the rim. It had been broken and repaired. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan and Seaby 1966, 103-114. BALLOO: ASSEMBLAGE 15m OD; CS 50; IG 96; J 1513 8653 Work, on a proposed IDB development, beside the Millbrook Estate, in Drumnahoe, Antrim, was carried out by members of HED. This revealed evidence of several subsoil cut features. A small excavation was undertaken, during early 2000, to assess their archaeological importance. The features consisted of a series of small pits and a ditch. They were all situated in one part of the development area, where the ground was rising slightly above the surrounding terrain. The ditch was found to be of post-medieval date and was possibly the remains of an old field boundary. The pits, however, were found to predate this activity. Sherds of prehistoric pottery, which are most likely of Bronze Age date, were recovered from the fills of three of the five pits, which had been excavated. On average, the pits measured 0.5m in width and 0.2m in depth. They did not have any direct relationship with each other, nor did they appear to form any structure. ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie. 2000.

BALLINTOY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 92m OD; CS 4; IG 2/8; D 0400 4400 This monument has a current classification in the SMR as a cist with urn burial. This was reported in the OS Memoirs as ‘a vault c.12ft [1.2m] long, 3-5ft [0.9m-1.5m] wide and about 4ft [1.2m] high. The walls were of dry stone work and roof of long flat stones. In demolishing it some years ago, a quantity of rich black earth was found. Contiguous to the vault...were found some years back an earthen urn carved on the surface and containing c.1 gallon, but it was destroyed in lifting it out’. This could be part of a flat cemetery, which was found before 1823 and referred to by Waddell (1990). It was said to consist of six urns with cremations, within stone cists. One urn was estimated to measure 28cm in height and another, reportedly, measured 10cm in height and 8cm in depth. Sherds from an Irish Bowl were also found here in 1934. An urn from here is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 258:1964]. ANT 004:086 ApSimon 1969, 59 & 62; Waddell 1990, 43.

BALLSALLAGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 154m OD; CS 24; IG 44; D 1700 1500 An urn was reported by Benn, as being found under a farm manure heap, but neither the name of the farmer nor a specific location was given. Extensive enquiries in this large, but sparsely populated townland, failed to elicit any information on the site of this urn burial. ANT 024:011 Benn 1864, 133-134; O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol. III, 462; Waddell 1990, 43.

BALLINTOY: ASSEMBLAGE 92m OD; CS 4; IG 2/8; D 0400 4400+ A polished stone axe head was found here. It measured 25.7cm in length, 10.8cm in width and 5cm in thickness. It became part of the Tennyson Collection. It was purchased by Armagh County Museum [ACM 199-35]. A flint Bann flake and a trapezoidal saddle quern were also found here. They were donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 428.1959 & 1898:123]. ANT [Not in SMR] Lucas et al. 1961, 43-107; Weatherup 1982, 51-71; Connolly 1994, 33.

BALLSALLAGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 160m OD; CS 24; IG 44; D 1600 1600 A collared urn was reported to have been found here. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 1911.329]. ANT [Not in SMR] Patterson 1880; ApSimon 1969, 64.

BALLINTOY: BRONZE AXE HEAD & SPEARHEAD 92m OD; CS 4; IG 2/8; D 0400 4400+ A bronze three-ribbed axe head was reported to have been found here. It was attributed to the late Bronze Age and is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [1897/149]. A bronze spearhead was also found here and formed part of the Hunt-Ball Collection in Limerick. Its current whereabouts is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119; Hodges 1956, 29-56.

BALLYAGHAGAN: FLINT TOOLS 275m OD; CS 56; IG 130; J 3118 7936 A quantity of worked flints, including a hollow scraper, was recovered during the partial excavation of a cashel in 2011. These flints were identified as Neolithic in date. ANT 056:019 Welsh 2011. BALLAGHAGAN: FLINT FLAKES 260m OD; CS 56; IG 129; J 3150 7940 Flint flakes were found here, within motorcycle tracks. They were identified as of Neolithic date in origin. ANT 056:093 22

INVENTORY BALLYAGHAGAN: DRESS FASTENER 310m OD; CS 56; IG 130; J 3210 7920 A gold dress fastener, dating to the late Bronze Age, was found on Cave Hill. It was reported to the police by metal detectorists. A small excavation of this findspot, by Ulster Museum staff, uncovered a gully c.15cm in depth. The dress fastener was found in the primary fill of the gully. At the centre of the gully was a small hearth, dating to the early Medieval period, which is at least a thousand years later than the fastener. The gully was most likely a sunken pathway, on which the fastener was either lost or hidden. ANT 056:095

McKee of the Forest Service. It had been discovered, when an old stone wall, which surrounded a property, was being lowered. The axe was found set horizontally in the rubble core and looked as though it had been deliberately placed there. The property, known as Eastfield, is located approximately 500m to the east of Lyles Hill. The axe head is reasonably well-preserved, although on one side both the butt and blade have quite substantial areas missing. Both surface areas also show slight damage. Despite this, it is clear that the axe head had been well polished and finished. The axe measured 11.3cm in length and 5.5cm at its widest point. It has been returned to the landowner. ANT 056:101

Plate 06: Ballybarnish Axe Head (ANT 056:101) BALLYBOGY: MIRROR HANDLE & BRONZE HALBERD 60m OD; CS 11/12; IG 13; C 9100 3200+ This mirror handle, decorated in the La Tène style, was discovered in Ballybogy Bog [possibly Garry Bog] and was acquired by Sir Arthur Evans. It is currently held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [AM.1861]. It is thought to be an import from a south English workshop, dating to the first half of the first century AD. A bronze halberd was also reported to have been found in Ballybogy Bog. It is also held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119; Jope 1954, 92-96.

Figure 24: Ballyaghagan Dress Fastener (ANT 056:095) BALLYAGHAGAN: ASSEMBLAGE 300m OD; CS 56; IG 130; J 3226 7923 This site was revealed, in aerial photographs, as two sets of earthworks. A small-scale excavation was commissioned by HED in 2011 to investigate these. A considerable amount of pottery and struck flint was found, including one sherd of what may have been a vessel of Neolithic date. A stray sherd from an Irish Bowl had been found here in 1895. ANT [Not in SMR] ApSimon 1969, 59; McSparron 2011. BALLYAGHAGAN: FLINT ARROWHEADS (2) & SCRAPER 340m OD; CS 56; IG 130; J 3250 7960 A flint, hollow-based arrowhead, a flint lozenge-shaped arrowhead and a flint scraper were found within the area of McArt’s Fort (ANT 056:018). In 1962 they were donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1964, 73-95. BALLYAGHAGAN: BRONZE AXE HEAD 170m OD; CS 56; IG 130; J 3100 7900+ A bronze palstave axe head was reported to have been found on Cave Hill. It formed part of the Hunt-Ball Collection in Limerick. Its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

Figure 25: Ballybogy Mirror Handle (Not in SMR) (after Jope 1954, 93) BALLYBOLEY: DECORATED STONE 154m OD; CS 40; IG 83; J 3282 9732 O’Laverty mentions a stone, which was dug up in a field to the west of Ballyboley Court Tomb (ANT 040:018) ‘measuring 8 inches [0.2m] by 11 inches [0.28m]...There is inscribed on it a network of rectilinear scorings’. The court tomb is set on high ground at the foot of a steeper

BALLYBARNISH: STONE AXE HEAD 180m OD; CS 56; IG 113; J 2545 8305 This porcellanite axe head was reported to HED by Ian 23

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND rise. The landowner has no knowledge of the decorated stone, which is likely to have been removed, soon after its discovery. ANT 040:059 Kinahan 1875, 377; Graves 1877, 292-293.

area of good arable farmland. Various implements were discovered, during ploughing over a period of time. Finds consisted of several porcellanite axe heads, a small flat stone disc, a rough pointed stone implement and some coarse pottery. The finds are currently at the home of the finders. The home farm lies south-east of the findspot. The finds may indicate a prehistoric habitation site. ANT 013:097 BALLYCARRICKMADDY: BRONZE AXE HEAD 92mOD; CS 63; IG 145; J 1900 6700+ In the OS Memoirs a bronze socketed axe head was reported to have been found here. Its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. BALLYCARRY: FLINTS 40m OD; CS 1; IG 3; D 1524 5163 This is a group of three fields, in which Neolithic flints were discovered, when they were ploughed. ANT 001:085

Figure 26: Ballyboley Decorated Stone (ANT 040:059) (after Graves 1877, 293)

BALLYCARRY: FLINTS 10m OD; CS 1; IG 3; D 1546 5134 Two fields on Rathlin Island, which are located at a site known as Crockascreidlin, produced Neolithic flint scatter, when they were ploughed. ANT 001:086

BALLYBOLEY: POTTERY (UNCLASSIFIED) & FLINTS 101m OD; CS 35; IG 70; D 3786 0363 This residential development site, known as Walnut Hollow, was c.2km west of Larne, to the north-east of the Ballymullock and Ballyboley water reservoirs. Excavation, during August 2002, revealed that the site was a small, sub-oval area c.4.4m north/south. This area was a naturally raised platform, c.0.2m–0.3m above the surrounding gravelly subsoil. Although no cut features were identified, fifty-eight pieces of struck flint were recovered from the subsoil surface. A further eighteen pieces were discovered within the surrounding peat. All of the recovered flint was confined to the upper surface and edges of the platform area. The assemblage was composed wholly of preparation flakes and debitage, with no finished artefacts. Further work in 2004 recovered several thousand pieces of flint, from cores and debitage to complete scrapers and knives. This find also included one flint axehead, along with several pieces of abraded, prehistoric pottery. Also found was a substantial number of pits, post and stake holes. ANT [Not in SMR] Chapple 2007, 1-5.

BALLYCASTLE: STONE HAMMERS (2) 31m OD; CS 8; IG 8; D 1000 4100+ Two grooved stone hammers were reported to have been found in the Ballycastle district. One, of dolerite, was donated to the Geography department at QUB and the other, of gabbro, remains in private ownership. ANT [Not in SMR] Evans 1941, 27-30.

BALLYBRACKEN: FLINTS 140m OD; CS 46; IG 83; J 3264 9527 This site was discovered during an A8 road improvement scheme in 2012. The site was interpreted as a temporary camp site, with two hearths and a pit. Finds included three flint artefacts, which were probably Neolithic in date. ANT [Not in SMR] Barkley 2016, 1-56.

Figure 27: Ballycastle Stone Hammers (Not in SMR) (after Evans 1941, 28) BALLYCASTLE: STONE AXE HEAD & STONE ADZE 31m OD; CS 8; IG 8; D 1000 4100+ A porcellanite axe head was found at Ballycastle and is currently held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [AM

BALLYBREGAGH: STONE HOARD 92m OD; CS 13; IG 15; D 0490 3200 This site was located on gently undulating pasture, in an 24

INVENTORY 1927. 4523]. A small porcellanite adze was also found near Ballycastle. It is held in private ownership. ANT [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-60.

and the burnt mound respected each other, so it is likely that they are contemporary. Beneath the burnt mound, there was a relic topsoil layer, which was above a number of small pits cut into subsoil and indicative of an earlier phase of activity. These pits contained a number of pieces of struck flint and a few sherds of pottery, possibly within the Neolithic carinated bowl tradition. ANT 058:020 Bennett 2012, 2-3.

BALLYCASTLE: MOULD (STONE) 31m OD; CS 8; IG 8; D 1000 4100+ A sandstone mould, which was designed for casting palstave axe heads, was reported to have been found at Ballycastle. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI R/140]. ANT [Not in SMR] Hodges 1954, 76.

BALLYCLARE: FLINT HOARD 78m OD; CS 45; IG 97; J 2920 9175 This hoard was discovered, during property development, at Cloghcorr Road, Ballyclare. The hoard consisted of twenty-two finished barbed and tanged arrowheads, seventeen leaf-shaped worked flints and two rough flakes. No archaeological features were observed. The hoard was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan and Pilcher 1970, 15-22.

BALLYCASTLE: FLINT CORE & STONE AXE HEAD 31m OD; CS 8; IG 8; D 1000 4100+ A flint core was reported to have been found at Ballycastle. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 144.1970]. A stone axe head was also reported to have been found here and is also held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin ANT [Not in SMR] Mahr 1930, 73-78; Lucas 1973, 177-213. BALLYCASTLE: BRONZE AXE HEADS (3) 31m OD; CS 8; IG 8; D 1000 4100+ A bronze three-ribbed axe head was reported to have been found here. It was attributed to the late Bronze Age and is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [1897/152]. Two socketed axe heads were also found here and are now held at the British Museum in London. ANT [Not in SMR] Hodges 1956, 29-56; Watson 1945, 80-119. BALLYCASTLE: COIN HOARD 31m OD; CS 8; IG 8; D 1000 4100+ A small hoard of seven coins was reported to have been dug up on the site of a cottage near Ballycastle ‘many years ago’ (Skillen et al. 1942). The earliest coin was Roman and dated to AD 64, with three others dated to between AD 245 and AD 311. The remaining two coins were from AD 1592 and AD 1805. ANT [Not in SMR] Skillen et al. 1942, 65-66. BALLYCLAN: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) & FLINTS 41m OD; CS 58; IG 127; J 1173 7666 During the excavation of a rath in 2006 and 2008, in advance of development, the remains of prehistoric structures were uncovered. The main structural elements of this phase were a burnt mound and the remains of a circular building. This building measured 6m in diameter, which was defined by a sub-circular setting of post holes and also a semi-circular drip channel. The west side of the burnt mound had been modified by the digging of a gully, which had been re-worked and lined with clay. This gully ran towards lower ground to the south. The north end of this gully was close to the possible entrance point of the circular building. There was no firm evidence of a trough in the burnt mound. It seemed that the circular building

Figure 28: Ballyclare flint hoard (Not in SMR) (after Flanagan and Pilcher 1970, 17) BALLYCLARE: BRONZE PIN 78m OD; CS 45; G 97; J 2900 9100+ A bronze sunflower pin, which had been designated as a Class 1 type of the late Bronze Age, was reported to have been found here. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Hodges 1956, 29-56.

25

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND BALLYCLARE: BRONZE AXE HEADS (4) 78m OD; CS 45; G 97; J 2900 9100+ Four bronze flat axe heads, one with decoration, were reported to have been found here. They are currently held at York Museum in England. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

BALLYCRAIGY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 100m OD; CS 24; IG 70; D 3800 0399 This site was reported by Benn, as an urn found at a depth of 0.6m below the surface, during agricultural improvements. He described it thus; ‘there was found an urn, now in my possession. It was of the middle size, very neat, and in fair preservation...there was nothing in it except fragments of bones.’ This is probably the vessel now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 1911.323]. ANT [Not in SMR] Benn 1862, 101-102; ApSimon 1969, 59.

BALLYCLOGHAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 120m OD; CS 33; IG 56; D 1300 0900 An Irish Bowl was reported to have been found here by Knowles in 1895, but the location given may be in Eglish townland. The vessel is now held at the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, Canada. ANT [Not in SMR] Knowles 1895, 91-98; ApSimon 1969, 59.

BALLYCREGAGH: BRONZE PIN 154m OD; CS 22/27; IG 43; D 0900 1400+ A bronze sunflower pin was reported in the OS Memoirs as having been found here. Its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. BALLYCREGGY: POTTERY (UNCLASSIFIED) 52m OD; CS 37; IG 67; D 1154 0180 Test trenching was carried out at a proposed extension to a United Dairy Farmers facility at Pennybridge Industrial Estate in Ballymena. An area of archaeological potential, measuring 20m in length and 10m in width, was located within the south-eastern portion of the development area, in the form of a gully and several post holes. The gully is similar in form to what would commonly be identified as a bedding trench for a house structure, while the identification of post holes further suggests a structural function for this activity. Prehistoric pottery was recovered from the terminal of this feature. ANT [Not in SMR] Bennett 2012, 3.

Figure 29: Ballycloghan Bowl (Not in SMR) (after Knowles 1895, 92)

BALLYCREGGY: POTTERY (UNCLASSIFIED) & FLINTS 73m OD; CS 37; IG 67; D 1224 0170 This site was investigated, prior to the construction of a dual carriageway along the M2/A26, on the eastern outskirts of Ballymena. The sub-circular hilltop enclosure measured 42.5m in length and 40m in width, with two entrances or causeways across a ditch. In the enclosed area, there were four possible sub-rectangular structures, two hearths, a post-holed built entrance to the west and numerous other isolated features, both internal and external to the enclosure. There appeared to be four potential phases of activity. Phase 1 was represented by features predating the ditch, such as temporary windbreak structures, one of which was associated with a circular hearth. Phase 2 consisted of the ditch structures, features enclosed by the ditch and features around the periphery of the ditch, which may be associated. This phase also included a continuous curving line of sixty post/stake holes, along the sloping edge of the ditch. Phase 3 included two features of possible prehistoric date, which post-date the ditch. Phase 4 included post medieval features. A total of nine sherds of pottery and two hundred and seventy-one flint tools, as well as debitage, were recovered. Two of the flint tools were identified as projectiles, one being a leaf-shaped example and the other a petit tranchet derivative. Smaller areas of archaeology were situated in the lower-lying areas to the north and south of

BALLYCONNELLY: FLINT ARROWHEAD 150m OD; CS 32; IG 66; D 0200 0400+ A flint, hollow-based triangular arrowhead was found here. It became part of the Fawcett Collection. In 1965, it was purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A85.1965]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1967, 21-40. BALLYCONNELLY: BRONZE AXE HEAD 150m OD; CS 32; IG 66; D 0200 0400+ A bronze, flat axe head was reported to have been found here and became part of the Knowles Collection. Its present location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. *BALLYCOOS: FLINTS 280m OD; CS 35; IG 58; D 3366 0781 This site was discovered in 1999 by Mr M. MacDonagh and Mr P. Logue. It is a flint quarry and finds suggest that it dates to the prehistoric period. The site consisted of a seam of flint nodules, which had been deliberately exposed within a small cliff, with spoil heaps on the edge of the working area. There were also two large scatters of waste flakes, flanking the area on each site. ANT 035:061 26

INVENTORY BALLYEASTON: BRONZE AXE HEAD 110m OD; CS 45; IG 82; J 2800 9300+ A bronze flat axe head was reported to have been found in the thatched roof of an old house, which had been demolished in 1917. It had been decorated in ‘rain ornament’ within two longitudinal bands of herringbone incisions (Evans 1947, 68). Its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Evans 1947, 66-68.

the main archaeological site. These areas included isolated features and groups of shallow subsoil-cut pits, with finds including cremated bone and prehistoric pottery. The site had been previously disturbed by ground reduction, which was associated with road works in the 1960s. ANT 037:048 Excavations.ie, 2009. BALLYCRONAN MORE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 31m OD; CS 41; IG 71; J 4350 0150 The findspot of this urn burial is no longer remembered locally. The site has not been precisely located. ANT 041:006 O’Laverty 1884, Vol. III, 143. BALLYCRONAN MORE: GOLD ARMLET 60m OD; CS 41; IG 71; J 4320 0160 A gold armlet or bracelet was found here about 1825-1830 (OS Memoirs). This is known locally as the Golden Field. The site is located east of Ballylumford Portal Tomb (ANT 041:007). This is a very steep slope and is unlikely to have ever been ploughed by tractor. ANT 041:032 Dublin Penny Journal, 1832, Vol. 1, No. 27, 209; OS Memoir Islandmagee, 1835-40, II, 39; O’Laverty 1884, Vol. III, 143.

Figure 30: Ballyeaston Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Evans 1947, 66) BALLYELLOUGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 63; IG 164; J 2038 6587 According to O’Laverty, there was said to be a Giant’s Grave here, consisting of several large stones, on the opposite site of the road from the funeral mound (ANT 063:037; a motte). Urns with human bones were found near the stones, during ploughing in 1837. There are now no visible remains of this site. ANT 063:060 OS Memoir Magheragall, 1837, 13; Waddell 1990, 49.

BALLYCUSHAN: FLINT SCRAPER 31m OD; CS 51; IG 97; J 2319 8668 A flint scraper was found in the eastern part of a ditch, which surrounded a mound barrow. This was located on level ground, within the floodplain of the Six Mile Water River. The site has since been destroyed. ANT 051:009

BALLYFINAGHY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 20m OD; CS 64; IG 146; J 3000 7000 A collared urn was reported to have been found at Finaghy. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 4179:K34]. ANT [Not in SMR] ApSimon 1969, 64.

BALLYDOWN: ASSEMBLAGE 20m OD; CS 41; IG 71; D 4319 0092 This site is currently classified as an occupation site. It is one of several excavated sites, along the line of a gas pipeline. The earliest phase of occupation dated to the late Mesolithic and consisted of chipping floors, a possible hut site, a hearth and several pits. Finds included mudstone axes, butt-trimmed flint scatter, single platform cores, finely re-touched blades and hammer stones. Overlying the Mesolithic layers were several features of Bronze Age date: a sub-circular gully, two burnt mounds, a trough and two arcs of kerb stones. Finds included flint artefacts, as well as saddle querns and several sherds of Late Bronze Age pottery. Traces of Neolithic activity (including flint scatter and pot sherds) were also found, but there was no evidence of Neolithic occupation on the site. During further excavation in 2014, eight pits and six spreads were uncovered. Additionally, struck flints were recovered from three of the pits and from two of the spreads. Only three of the pits were found within close proximity of one another, while the remaining features were found in isolation. It is possible that the archaeology uncovered is evidence of transient activity, close to the shore line, where natural resources were being utilised in antiquity. ANT 041:045 Crothers 1996; Excavations.ie, 2014.

BALLYGALLEY: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC & BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 35; IG 58; D 3827 0775 This site is also known as Ballygalley Hill. This area is now part of a golf course and has been heavily landscaped. This site was excavated in 1975, prior to its landscaping, as part of the new golf course. A food vessel was found in a crevice in the bedrock. This provided evidence for a Bronze Age burial on the summit of the hill. The vessel is a typical example of ApSimon’s Irish-Scottish Vase (ApSimon 1969, 40-44 and 62). Also found were sherds of plain Neolithic carinated bowls. ANT 035:017 Hodges 1975, 19-24; Collins 1978, 15-32. BALLYGALLEY: ASSEMBLAGE 62m OD; CS 35; IG 58; D 3827 0775 Evidence of Neolithic open cast flint mining and flint working was found within the area of a promontory scarp. This was excavated by Collins in 1957, when he found evidence of the manufacture of axe heads, convex scrapers and arrowheads. Fragments of porcellanite, pitchstone and quartz were also found. A saddle quern 27

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND was also reported to have been found here. This site is also associated with a Bronze Age promontory fort (ANT 035:017). ANT 035:039 Evans 1966; Collins 1978, 15-32; Connolly 1994, 33.

Scotland. A trapezoidal saddle quern and fragments of eight others were also found. They are now held at the QUB Archaeology Department. ANT [Not in SMR] Simpson et al. 1990, 40-49; Connolly 1994, 33.

Figure 32: Ballygalley Flints (Not in SMR) (after Simpson et al. 1990, 42) BALLYGALLEY: ASSEMBLAGE 15m OD; CS 35; IG 58; D 3710 0770 This site is 200m west of Ballygalley village and is located south of the main Ballygalley to Cairncastle Road. Previous investigations at this site established the survival of considerable archaeological deposits, within the development area. The surviving deposits were largely Neolithic in date, although Bronze Age and postmedieval activity were also identified. The site consists of numerous pits, gullies and stake holes, filled with charcoal-flecked soils. A large quantity of flint (c.fifty thousand struck pieces) and pottery (c.five thousand five hundred sherds) has been recovered from these pits and the overlying occupation soil. A few formal alignments of pits were identified. A circle of post holes, with an internal diameter of c.5.5m, was excavated within the western area of the site. ANT [Not in SMR] Bennett 2004, 1-2.

Figure 31: Ballygalley Flints (ANT 035:039) (after Collins 1978, 27) BALLYGALLEY: ASSEMBLAGE 15m OD; CS 35; IG 58; D 3730 0750 This site was discovered during fieldwalking in 1989. It comprised a surface scatter of Neolithic pottery and flint artefacts, which were spread over several hectares. Subsequent small-scale excavations revealed 1,240 retouched flints, of which 850 were recognisable artefacts. A total of 2,070 sherds of Neolithic pottery were also found, including Lyle’s Hill, Ballymarlagh and Sandhills Ware. Other lithic material included 18 porcellanite flakes, 10 further polished pieces and 20 pieces of pitchstone, later sourced to the Arran Island in

*BALLYGILL MIDDLE: STONE AXE HEADS 80m OD; CS 1; IG 3; D 1182 5200 This site, located on Rathlin Island, is widely referred to as Brockley. On a steep east-facing basaltic escarpment are 28

INVENTORY two old workings, caused by the mining of porcellanite. Working 1 has the appearance of a small cave, with an opening measuring 2.5m in height, dropping to 1.7m and only 0.8m in height at its innermost end. The opening measured 3.5m wide and the working extended for 3m. Working 2 lies 8m to the south-west of Working 1 and extends along the rock face for 5m. The height of the face varied from 1.7m-0.6m and measured 2m in width. Large numbers of axe heads have been found at and around the site of the axe factory. Most are in private ownership, but many examples were donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast and also to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT 001:005 Jope et al 1952, 31-59; Flanagan 1964, 73-95; Briggs 1988, 5-20; Lucas 1971, 184-244; Williams and Yates 1981-1982, 187.

Museum in Belfast [229, 250, 255. 1962]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1964, 73-95. BALLYGOLAN: FLINTS AND STONE AXE HEAD 100m OD; CS 57; IG 130; J 3350 8050+ Nine flint flakes, eight flint scrapers and a flint core were found within Belfast Castle estate. Also found was a portion of a stone axe head, measuring 4.9cm in length. In 1962 they were donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR]. Flanagan 1964, 73-95.

Figure 33: Ballygolan Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Flanagan 1964, 77) BALLYGORTGARVE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 60m OD; CS 59; IG 128; J 1473 7646 This urn was recovered from a Bronze Age burial complex, which included a ring ditch, an urn burial, a cist burial and pits. The site was excavated in 1998, in advance of development. ANT 059:172 BALLYGOWAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 190m OD; CS 46; IG 83; J 3550 9640 This site was reported in the OS Memoirs as being named Bruce’s Cairn and also of being in the vicinity of druidical altars [probably ANT 046:012 and ANT 046:038]. Urns were found ‘very rudely ornamented and containing ash and small particles of bones...some...with their mouth downwards’. ANT [Not in SMR] OS Memoir Raloo; Waddell 1990, 43.

Plate 07: Ballygill Middle Axe Factory (ANT 001:005) BALLYGILL MIDDLE: BRONZE HALBERD 80m OD; CS 1; IG 3; D 1180 5201 An Early Bronze Age bronze halberd was reportedly found ‘near Brockley’, but there are no precise details of the findspot. Flanagan described the halberd as measuring 26.3cm in length, with the tip missing and with a fracture 4cm from the remaining tip. There were traces of holes for six rivets and part of one rivet was still in place. The halberd is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [172.1960]. ANT 001:114 Flanagan 1963, 105-111.

BALLYHAMAGE: ASSEMBLAGE 50m OD; CS 51; IG 97; J 2500 8900 This site was discovered in 1825 and consisted of ‘an earthen urn...of dark-red, coarse clay, rudely ornamented and crumbling into fragments. It was full of cinders...the urn, when found, was covered by a solid stone arch...The only articles found under the dome, beside the urn, were a stone celt and a flint arrowhead.’ The site cannot now be located. ANT 051:144 Millen 1856, 270-271.

BALLYGILL SOUTH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 15m OD; CS 1; IG 3; D 1107 5089 Also known as Oweyberne Cave, this cave site on Rathlin Island was investigated as part of the Rathlin Island Research Project by CMA in 2004. Excavations revealed modern deposits, beneath which were found Bronze Age pottery sherds. The site was interpreted as being occupied on a seasonal basis. ANT [Not in SMR] Moore and Forsythe 2004.

BALLYHAMAGE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 70m OD; CS 51; IG 97; J 2500 8900 Millen, writing in 1856, records the finding of an urn containing cremated bone: ‘The quantity, in this case, had been insufficient to fill the urn and the remaining part was stuffed with a fibrous material, the nature of which was unknown, but resembling the fibrous rootlets of plants and so firmly crammed as to require considerable

BALLYGILL SOUTH: STONE AXE HEADS (3) 15m OD; CS 1; IG 3; D 1107 5089+ A porcellanite core, a rough-out and an unpolished axe head were found here. They were donated to the Ulster 29

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND force to remove it.’ Mr John Alexander, an antiquarian from Doagh, apparently discovered the urn. The site cannot now be located. ANT 051:145 Millen 1856, 271.

this entrance area. To the East of the centre was a curving gully with charcoal spread, one post hole and a small fire pit, which has been interpreted as probably prehistoric. Finds included prehistoric pottery and flints, souterrain ware, glass beads, lignite and iron. ANT 051:035 Lynn and Heslip 1983, 67-91.

BALLYHARRY: ASSEMBLAGE 120m OD; CS 41; IG 84; J 4693 9816 This is one of several sites, which have been excavated along the line of a gas pipeline. The excavation uncovered the well-preserved remains of a Neolithic house, which was very similar in plan to a house found at Newtown in County Meath. The finds, which were recovered, included several thousand sherds of Western Neolithic pottery, a flint javelin and arrow heads, polished stone axe fragments, quern stones and rubbing stones. ANT 041:048 Crothers 1996; Bennett 2007, 4.

BALLYHENRY: ASSEMBLAGE 31m OD; CS 51; IG 113; J 3140 8470 This rath lay on gently sloping ground, near ANT 051:035 and was threatened by development. It comprised a platform, which measured 30m in diameter and stood 1.5m in height, surrounded by the remains of two ditches, with a low intervening bank. Excavation revealed a few traces of early Christian activity. The topsoil was much disturbed by tillage. Within the remains of a stonelined hearth, sherds of souterrain ware and a blue glass bead were found. The rath was built around a natural eminence, at the highest point of which, concentric with the rath, a penannular V-shaped ditch had been dug, measuring 7m in diameter, 1m in width and 0.7m in depth. There was some evidence that the feature had contained wooden walling. Several gullies running off from this ran under the rath, pre-dating it. Sherds of a flat-rimmed pot were also found. The prehistoric finds were attributed to the middle or late Bronze Age. The site has since been destroyed by a housing estate. ANT 051:036 Lynn and Heslip 1983, 67-91.

*BALLYHARRY: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) & STONE AXE HEADS 120m OD; CS 41; IG 84; J 4701 9788 This is one of several sites excavated, along the line of a gas pipeline and close to the site of another Neolithic house (ANT 041:048). The major portion of this site was not in the line of the pipe trench, so this part had been covered with geotextile matting and preserved. The excavated portion showed this to be a second Neolithic house, but the full dimensions could not be determined. Excavation, along the line of the pipe trench, recovered several sherds of Neolithic pottery and some polished stone axe fragments. The unexcavated portion was covered with a layer of sand, before being reburied. ANT 041:049 Crothers 1996.

BALLYHENRY: ASSEMBLAGE 120m OD; CS 51; IG 113; J 3099 8480 Archaeological excavations, at an industrial development site, took place in 1999 and 2000. The site is c.9 miles north of Belfast, within the borough of Newtownabbey, on the eastern side of the main A8 Belfast to Larne Road. Sites 1 and 2 included the remains of two possible structures, with two Bronze Age pit burials and an urn burial located nearby. Sites 8a-8c included pits and post holes, where a barbed and tanged arrowhead and other flakes of flint were found, all dating to the Bronze Age. Also recovered were other prehistoric hammer stones, pottery and more flint flakes. ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie 2000.

BALLYHARRY: FLINTS 30m OD; CS 41; IG 84; J 4630 9790 This site was uncovered during investigations, prior to the construction of a dwelling. An excavation was carried out by CAF in 2004, when a large quantity of lithic material was found in cultivated soils. A number of features, which pre-dated the cultivation episode, were considered to represent the remains of a Neolithic settlement at this site. ANT [Not in SMR] Ó Néill et al. 2004. BALLYHENRY: ASSEMBLAGE 31m OD; CS 51; IG 113; J 3122 8517 This site is currently classified as a rath, one of a pair along with nearby ANT 051:036. The site is situated on a spit of dry land, within a wet, marshy plain with excellent views eastsouth. The rath was excavated in 1972, prior to proposed development, which was never realised. The rath is a roughly oval platform, measuring 32m in length and 30m in width, with the impression of an eroded bank. The interior is uneven and slopes down to the west. At the North, the platform stands 1m above a ditch, which measured 1.7m in width and 0.5m in depth. Excavation revealed an entrance causeway 3m in width, post holes defining the entrance, a paved path, a hearth and the remains of structures all within

*BALLYHILL: FLINTS AND AMBER BEADS 62m OD; CS 47; IG 99; J 4443 9227 This is also known as Bella Hill. In 1858 an excavation was carried out at a mound barrow, where a cist burial was uncovered, close to the base of the mound. Finds included animal bones, flint fragments and arrowheads, amber beads and a single human bone. The ploughed out remains of a second barrow lay 68m due south. ANT 047:013 OS Memoir Kilroot, 1839, 10 and 55; Dickie 1858, 276-277; Lee 1858, 169-171; O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol. III, 86; Buick 1895, 59; Chart 1940, 40; Evans Field Notebook II, 89-90; OS Field Report No. 308.

30

INVENTORY BALLYHILL: STONE AXE HEAD 62m OD; CS 47; IG 99; J 4400 9200+ A stone axe head was reported as found at Bella Hill, the property of Marriott Dalway, in Carrickfergus. This vivid green axe head was reported as a ‘Jade Celt’ and was in the possession of Canon Greenway. ANT [Not in SMR] Mac Ilwaine 1880, 316-323.

hearths, animal bones and also a cist burial. ANT 002:012 BALLYLIG [GLYNN]: STONE AXE HEAD 1m OD; CS 41; IG 84; J 4400 9800+ A porcellanite axe head was reported to have been found at Mullaghmorne, Larne. There is no townland of this name and the location is probably Magheramorne in Ballylig townland. The axe head is currently held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [AM 1927]. ANT [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-60. BALLYLIG [GLYNN]: LOGBOATS (2) 1m OD; CS 41; IG 84; J 4480 9880 Substantial fragments of two logboats were recovered in 1996-1997 from a layer of peat, underlying a layer of marine mud, which forms the western shoreline of Larne Lough. One fragment consisted of a floor, with the remains of sides measuring 5.4m in length, 65cm in width and 20cm in height. Radiocarbon dating returned a mean Neolithic date of 3641-3378 BC. The other fragment consisted of a floor and side and this returned a radiocarbon date of 3700-3382 cal. BC. ANT [Not in SMR] Fry 2000, 117.

Plate 08: Ballyhill Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Mac Ilwaine 1880, 320)

BALLYLIG [GLYNN]: FLINT FLAKES 1m OD; CS 41; IG 84; J 4400 9800+ Twelve flint flakes were recovered here and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 228239.1962]. All showed signs of rolling. ANT [Not in SMR] Lucas 1964, 85-104.

BALLYHOME: STONE AXE HEAD 80m OD; CS 2; IG 6; C 9000 3800+ A porcellanite axe head was reported to have been found here. It remains in private ownership. ANT [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-60.

BALLYLIG [SKERRY]: FLINT FLAKE 84m OD; CS 28; IG 56; D 0472 1939 This site was excavated in advance of the A26 road improvement scheme. A small burnt mound was discovered, which produced one small piece of worked flint. A radiocarbon date of 595-411 cal. BC was obtained. ANT [Not in SMR] Nicol and Barkley 2015-2016, 1-56.

BALLYHUTHERLAND: FLINTS 87m OD; CS 27; IG 43; D 0615 1471 This site was excavated in advance of the A26 road improvement scheme. A prehistoric fire pit was uncovered and considered to be a campsite. Finds included a flint leafshaped arrowhead and eight other flint artefacts. ANT [Not in SMR] Nicol and Barkley 2015-2016, 1-56. BALLYHUTHERLAND: BRONZE AXE HEADS (3) 80m OD; CS 27; IG 43; D 0600 1450+ Three bronze socketed axe heads were reported to have been found here. Their current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

BALLYLINNY: STONE AXE HEAD 110m OD; CS 51; IG 97; J 2900 8900 A polished stone axe head, possibly of porcellanite, was found here. It measured 13.7cm in length, with a rounded cutting edge, which tapered to a narrow butt. It is now in private ownership. ANT [Not in SMR] Williams and Yates 1981-1982, 187.

BALLYKEEL: FLINTS 30m OD; CS 2; IG 6; C 8820 4070 Archaeological material, which included flint flakes and an arrowhead, was reported here in 1984, during work on the golf course. The site was a large sand dune, with an exposed section measuring 10m in height and 25m in width. Some vaguely defined old surfaces were noted, near the top of the section. The site was reported as destroyed in 1985. This general area has produced archaeological material in the past, including flint flakes, souterrain ware,

BALLYLORAN: FLINTS 90m OD; CS 40; IG 70; D 3853 0306 This site was reported by contractors from Natural Heritage, when they found quantities of worked flint on a building site. The stripped area just off Linn Road was examined, where quantities of flint and chalk were found, but there was little evidence of flint knapping. However, in another stripped field just to the west, struck flakes and possible cores were found, along with some crude end scrapers. ANT 040:096 31

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND BALLYLORAN: ASSEMBLAGE 65m OD; CS 40; IG 70; D 3817 0221 A range of artefacts was discovered, during archaeological monitoring work, at what was considered to be a prehistoric ritual site. Finds included struck flints and two porcellanite axes, one of which was intact and one was broken. Sherds of Bronze Age pottery were also recovered from the remains of a stone circle. A large quantity of Neolithic pottery and flint was also found. These included three large flint tools, one largely intact, but the other two were broken. The intact piece showed signs of pressure flaking and was extremely well made. Radiocarbon dating returned Bronze Age and early Neolithic dates. ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2006; Chapple 2009, 1-26.

BALLYLUMFORD: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 41; IG 71; D 4206 0243 Monitoring was undertaken in 1995, 1996 and 2014 at Ferris Point. A total of nearly 700 flint artefacts, which included blades, scrapers and flakes, were discovered. All were recovered from the topsoil, both in situ and also during the sieving of the topsoil. ANT [Not in SMR] Duffy and James 2000, 11-28; Excavations.ie, 2014.

BALLYLOUGH [BILLY]: FLINT HOARD 30m OD; CS 7; IG 14; C 9450 3850+ A flint hoard was found here by students of Ballymoney Secondary School. It comprised an unfinished flint arrowhead, 5.9cm in length, nine flint flakes and six flint scrapers of various types. They are held within the school collection. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1964, 96-102. BALLYLUMFORD: GOLD TORCS (4) 60m OD; CS 41; IG 71; D 4300 0160 The Dublin Penny Journal records that a ‘spiral instrument of pure gold, 11 inches [28cms] in length’ was found during ploughing operations close to Ballylumford portal tomb (ANT 041:007) in 1817. A few years later ‘several detached parts of a gold collar’ were found and in 1824, two further torcs were found, ‘the longest weighed 526 grains [34g], a lesser one 188 grains [12g]’. An adjacent field is still known as the Golden Field. This is the same site as ANT 041:031 (findspot of gold ornaments). ANT 041:030 Dublin Penny Journal 1832, 209; OS Memoir Islandmagee, 1835-1840, II, 39; O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol. III, 143.

Figure 34: Ballylumford Flints (Not in SMR) (after Duffy and James 2000, 19) ***BALLYMACALDRACK: ASSEMBLAGE 132m OD; CS 22; IG 42; D 0216 1830 Also known as Dooey’s Cairn, this site was excavated in 1935 and again in 1975. It is a single-ended court tomb with a deep U-shaped forecourt, which leads to a stone chamber with a long stone-lined ‘cremation passage’, with three circular pits, one at either end and one in the middle. The edges of the cairn are stone revetted. The cairn is in very good condition and is well-managed. The field to the east of the cairn has been improved and while those to the south, west and north are still unimproved, they are badly affected by cattle trampling. A large assemblage of pottery, flint tools and stone axe heads was recovered. ANT 022:012 Evans and Gaffikin 1935, 247; Evans 1938, 59-78; Chart 1940, 22-23; Jope et al. 1952; Addyman 1967; Collins 1976, 1-7; OS Memoir Finvoy, 1-4; OS Field Report No. 150; Jones 2007, 112-117.

BALLYLUMFORD: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 10m OD; CS 41; IG 71; D 4280 0170 Topsoil stripping was carried out, during ongoing development at Ballylumford Power Station. This revealed evidence of three sites of archaeological significance. Site I consisted of two burnt spreads, with several small features, rich in charcoal. Site 2 was a curvilinear stone-filled slot, in association with a small slot, which contained a Bronze Age pottery urn. Site 3 was a shallow curvilinear slot and contained a sherd of post-medieval pottery. ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie. 2000; 2001.

32

INVENTORY There is now no visible trace of the sand and gravel bank, nor any indication of the site of this findspot. The informant further recalled horse drawn carts removing the sand and gravel bank, but could not be more specific regarding the exact location of the urns, which are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 299.300]. ANT 037:047 D’Evelyn 1928, 162; ApSimon 1969, 59.

Plate 10: Ballymacilroy Urns (ANT 037:047) (after D’Evelyn 1928, 162) BALLYMACONNELLY: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) 46m OD; CS 26; IG 42; C 9539 1481 Two fields were stripped, in advance of gas pipeline work. Two test trenches were opened up, in a field to the west of a ploughed-out rath (ANT 026:003). Four sherds of Neolithic pottery were recovered from the surface of a linear feature. An isolated pit and also part of the ditch of the nearby ploughed-out mound were uncovered. The pit measured 1.75m in length, 1.3m in width and 0.25m in depth. It was filled with grey-black clay, with several stones and also charcoal. It was only possible to cut a partial section through the ditch of the ploughed-out mound, because it was partly overlain by the topsoil stack. ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2004.

Figure 35: Finds from Ballymacaldrack Court Tomb (ANT 022:012) (after Herity 1987, 246) BALLYMACALDRACK: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 154m OD; CS 22; IG 32; D 0165 1850 This site, which is a flat cemetery, as reported in the Ulster Journal of Archaeology, was destroyed shortly after two urns were recovered, along with vase vessels. The area is now occupied by ancillary farm buildings. The topography of the area varies. It is generally good quality grassland, with patches of wet boggy ground, tree covered land and areas of rocky outcrop and scrub. The flat cemetery had contained five pit burials, with urns, cremated human bone and flint artefacts. The finds are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 969:1939]. ANT 022:038 Tomb and Davies 1938, 219-222 and 1941, 63-66; ApSimon 1969, 64; Waddell 1990, 44.

BALLYMACOSS: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC & BRONZE AGE) 46m OD; CS 64; IG 165; J 2417 6464 This site is also in Knockmore townland and is also referred to as Brokerstown or Woodbrook village. Features included a Neolithic rectangular house, measuring 7.5m in length and 5m in width, orientated approximately east/ west. The Neolithic house continued into a baulk, within a tree preservation area to the east. The structure did not continue beyond the tree line, which lies c.5m further east. Therefore, we can conclude that the length of this Neolithic structure is greater than 7.5m and less than 12.5m. The structure consisted of the remains of a subrectangular wall slot, which enclosed eleven pits or post holes. The house was dated by period, due to the presence of fragments of a distinctive pottery type, which is known as carinated bowl pottery. Also uncovered were a penannular ditch of possible Bronze or Iron Age date, a total of one hundred and fourteen pits of possible prehistoric date, with some containing fragments of prehistoric pottery. There was also one possible hearth, with a stone surround, as well as two curvilinear post-medieval ditches. A fulachta fiadh was uncovered, during further work in 2010. ANT [Not in SMR] Bennett 2011, 14.

BALLYMACALDRACK: BRONZE AXE HEAD 130m OD; CS 22; IG 32; D 0200 1800+ A bronze socketed axe head was reported to have been found ‘on the till below a peat bank in Garve’s Bog’. Its present location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. BALLYMACILROY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 92m OD; CS 37; IG 80; J 0630 9800 These two urns were found in an inverted position, 1.2m below the surface, within a sand and gravel pit. A local informant pointed out the field, in which the two urns, described in JRSAI, were recovered from this sand and gravel pit. This was on an east-facing slope of Henry’s Hill, adjacent to the townland boundary. 33

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND BALLYMACREA LOWER: ASSEMBLAGE 30m OD; CS 2; IG 6; C 8840 4060 At an excavation site, classified as a settlement, a range of artefacts, which date from the Neolithic to the Medieval period, was recovered. Collins refers to this site as the White Rocks. Finds included numerous flint flakes, a bronze fibula, souterrain-ware pottery and a Henry III silver halfpenny. A polygonal cist, which contained a fragment of a saddle quern and two hearths of Iron Age date, were the only archaeological features uncovered on this occasion. The exact location of the site is uncertain, as it may now be under the car park, which lies east of a golf course. ANT 002:007 Flanagan 1966, 115-116; Collins and Bateson 1977, 21-26; Waddell 1990, 50.

BALLYMENA: FLINT FLAKE 215m OD; CS 28; IG 56; D 1800 1100+ A flint flake was found here and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 799-812.1960]. ANT [Not in SMR] Prendergast and Lucas 1962, 139-173. BALLYMENA: STONE AXE HEADS (3) 215m OD; CS 28; IG 56; D 1800 1100+ A small porcellanite axe head was reported to have been found here and is currently held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [AM 1927. 4533]. Part of another porcellanite axe head was also found here and is in private ownership. A large black stone axe head was also found here and has been retained in private ownership. ANT [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-60.

BALLYMACREVAN: COLLECTION 10m OD; CS 58; IG 127; J 1200 7440 A collection of eight flint flakes from Lennymore Bay, at Lough Neagh, formed part of the R.C. Davidson Collection, which is now held at Armagh County Museum [149.61]. ANT [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1975, 5-24.

BALLYMENA: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & STONE MOULD 215m OD; CS 28; IG 56; D 1800 1100+ The ‘lower half of Vase, possibly Beaker derivative, and sherds of Urn’ (ApSimon 1969, 61) were found at Ballymena and donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM K31]. The mould was one part of a two-part mould, which was designed for casting a socket-looped spearhead. Made from chlorite schist, it measured 17.5cm in length, 4cm in width and 2.4cm in thickness. It was reportedly found near Ballymena. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [536.1924]. ANT [Not in SMR] ApSimon 1969, 61; Collins 1970, 27.

*BALLYMARLAGH: ASSEMBLAGE 123m OD; CS 38; IG 68; D 1404 0175 A dual court tomb was partially excavated in 1945, when it was found that the chambers had previously been dug out. Finds included Neolithic pottery, porcellanite axe heads and flint tools, along with some cremated bone. A few sherds of Bronze Age pottery indicated secondary burials within the cairn. The finds are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT 038:002 OS Memoir Ballyclug, 2-3 and 1837, 4-5; Chart 1940, 31; Watson 1945, 103; Davies 1949, 26-42; Evans Field Notebook II, 42-43; Jope et al. 1952, 31-60.

Figure 37: Ballymena Stone Mould (Not in SMR) (after Collins 1970, 29) BALLYMENA: STONE MOULD 215m OD; CS 28; IG 56; D 1800 1100+ This was one part of a two-part stone mould, which was designed for casting a socket-looped spearhead. It was made from chlorite schist and was reportedly found near Ballymena. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [533.1924]. ANT [Not in SMR] Collins 1970, 23-36. Figure 36: Finds from Ballymarlagh Court Tomb (ANT 038:002) (after Herity 1987, 248) 34

INVENTORY BALLYMENA: STONE MOULD 215m OD; CS 28; IG 56; D 1800 1100+ This was one half of a mould, designed for casting eight different objects, including razors, leaf-shaped tanged blades and circular rings. It measured 7.3cm in length, 3.5cm in width and 3.2cm in thickness. It was made from chlorite schist and was reportedly found near Ballymena. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [540.1924]. ANT [Not in SMR] Collins 1970, 23-36.

Figure 38: Ballymena Stone Mould (Not in SMR) (after Collins 1970, 31)

BALLYMENA: STONE MOULDS (3) 215m OD; CS 28; IG 56; D 1800 1100+ These were steatite moulds, which were designed for casting socket-looped spearheads and also a small tapering ingot. They were reportedly found near Ballymena and are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [534, 535, 543. 1924]. ANT [Not in SMR] Hodges 1954, 76; Collins 1970, 23-36.

Figure 42: Ballymena Stone Mould (Not in SMR) (after Collins 1970, 33) BALLYMENA: STONE MOULD 215m OD; CS 28; IG 56; D 1800 1100+ This was one part of a two-part mould, designed for casting a socket-looped spearhead. It measured 8.8cm in length, 3.6cm in width and 4cm in thickness. It was formed from chlorite schist and was reportedly found near Ballymena. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [539.1934]. ANT [Not in SMR] Collins 1970, 23-36.

Figure 40: Ballymena Stone Mould (Not in SMR) (after Collins 1970, 31) BALLYMENA: STONE MOULD 215m OD; CS 28; IG 56; D1800 1100+ This was one half of a mould, which was designed for casting a socket-looped spearhead. It measured 6.2cm in length, 3.9cm in width and 1.4cm in thickness. It was made from chlorite schist and was reportedly found near Ballymena. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [537.1924]. ANT [Not in SMR] Collins 1970, 23-36.

Figure 43: Ballymena Stone Mould (Not in SMR) (after Collins 1970, 23-36)

BALLYMENA: STONE MOULD 215m OD; CS 28; IG 56; D 1800 1100+ This was a steatite mould, which was designed for casting socketed and looped spearheads. It was reported to have been found at Ballymena. It is currently held at the British Museum in London [WG/1639]. ANT [Not in SMR] Hodges 1954, 76.

Figure 41: Ballymena Stone Mould (Not in SMR) (after Collins 1970, 31)

BALLYMENA: COPPER AXE HEADS (2) 215m OD; CS 32; IG 67; D 1800 1100+ Two copper, flat axe heads were reported to have been found here. They became part of the Keiller-Knowles 35

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND Collection and are now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [1937.352]. Two bronze leaf-shaped swords were reported to have been found here and recorded in the Day Catalogue. One is held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast, but the whereabouts of the other is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119; Hodges 1956, 29-56.

BALLYMENA: BRONZE AXE HEADS (13) 215m OD; CS 32; IG 67; D 18001100+ Four bronze flat axe heads were reported to have been found here and became part of the Knowles Collection. Their current location is unknown. One further flat axe head with herring-bone decoration was also found here and became part of the Knowles Collection. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. Four further bronze flat axe heads, one of which had slight decoration, were also found here and became part of the Robb Collection. These are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. Three bronze flanged axe heads were also found here and became part of the Hunt-Ball Collection in Limerick. Two are now lost, but a third is held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

BALLYMENA: BRONZE RAZOR 215m OD; CS 28; IG 56; D 1800 1100+ A bronze razor was reported to have been found inside an urn with cremated bones, near Ballymena. It is currently held at the British Museum in London. ANT [Not in SMR] Kavanagh 1991, 77-104. BALLYMENA: FLINT ARROWHEADS (3) 215m OD; CS 28; IG 56; D 1800 1100+ Three barbed and tanged arrowheads of flint were found here. In 1965 these were purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A119, A147, A180. 1965], where they have been included in the Fawcett Collection. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1967, 21-40.

BALLYMENA: BRONZE AXE HEADS (11) 215m OD; CS 32; IG 67; D 1800 1100+ Eleven bronze palstave axe heads were reported to have been found here. Eight of these axe heads formed part of the Robb Collection and one was detailed in the Knowles Catalogue. All are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. The final two palstave axe heads are in private ownership. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

BALLYMENA: BRONZE AXE HEAD 215m OD; CS 28; IG 56; D 1800 1100+ A decorated bronze axe head was found near Ballymena. It measured 16.5cm in length, gently tapering, with a flattened cutting edge. It had ‘rain drop’ and lozenge decoration on both faces. It was purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [772.1963]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1965, 102-116.

BALLYMENA: BRONZE AXE HEADS (13) 215m OD; CS 32; IG 67; D 1800 1100+ Thirteen bronze socketed axe heads were reported to have been found here. Nine of these formed part of the Robb Collection and are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. Two further socketed axe heads are in the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin and another in the Rotherham Museum in England. One further socketed axe head formed part of the Hunt-Ball Collection held in Limerick, but its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

BALLYMONTENAGH: BRONZE AXE HEAD 80m OD; CS 37; IG 80; J 0600 9800+ A bronze flat axe head was reported to have been found here. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. BALLYMURPHY: FLINTS 308m OD; CS 60; IG 129; J 2923 7445 Flint knapping debris was found here, below blanket bog, which had been burnt away. It was attributed to the Neolithic period, but no finished tools had been found. ANT 060:070

BALLYMENA: BRONZE SPEARHEADS (8) 215m OD; CS 32; IG 67; D1800 1100+ Two bronze spearheads were found here. One formed part of the Robb Collection and the other was detailed in the Day Catalogue. They are both now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. Four further spearheads were also found here and are held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. A further spearhead is now held at St Albans Museum in England and another, which formed part of the Hunt-Ball Collection in Limerick, is now lost. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

BALLYMURPHY: FLINTS 308m OD; CS 60; IG 129; J 2922 7445 Flint knapping debris was found here, below the blanket bog, but there was no evidence of finished implements. ANT 060:071 BALLYNACAIRD: FLINT ARROWHEAD 150m OD; CS 34; IG 57; J 2150 0650+ A flint, petit tranchet derivative arrowhead, measuring 5cm in length, was found at Stony Quarter. It was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [799.1963].

BALLYMENA: BRONZE AXE HEAD & BRONZE SWORDS (2) 215m OD; CS 28; IG 56; D 1800 1100+ A bronze three-ribbed axe head was reported to have been found here. It was attributed to the late Bronze Age. 36

INVENTORY BALLYNACREE SKEIN: BRONZE AXE HEAD 20m OD; CS 16; IG 21; C 9170 2520 A bronze socketed axe head was reported to have been found at Ballinamore, which is probably Balnamore village. It is now held at the British Museum in London. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan and Seaby 1965, 102-116. BALLYNACREE BEG: STONE AXE HEAD & FLINT FLAKES (5) 15m OD; CS 16; IG 31; C 9223 2458 This axe was discovered in 1987, during ploughing. It remains in the possession of the finder. It is a highly polished axe and is probably made from porcellanite. It measured 13.3cm in length, 5cm in width and 2.2cm in depth and had retained its sharp cutting edge. It was found on a very gradual west-facing slope, on much improved land, with good views to the west over the Bann Valley and River. This may be a stray find or evidence of a settlement. Five flint microliths were also found here in 1935 and 1936. ANT 016:013 Batty 1938, 90-94.

BALLYNAFIE: ASSEMBLAGE 185m OD; CS 31; IG 66; D 0097 0288 Monitoring of topsoil removal at Tully Service Reservoir was undertaken, in advance of development. Archaeological features, mainly pits, were found scattered throughout the development and were fully excavated. The features formed a general scatter of deposits, with no apparent pattern to their layout. Several hearths, along with a charcoal-production pit, were also noted, although no actual structural remains were found. A small number of artefacts, including prehistoric pottery and several struck flints, were recovered. One of the struck flints was found to be a burnt plano-convex blade. The nature of these artefacts suggests that the majority of the remains on this site date to the late Neolithic/early Bronze Age. It is likely they represent short-term transient exploitation of this locality. A charcoal production pit may have been of medieval origin and was probably used to produce charcoal for local requirements. ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2012.

BALLYNACREE MORE: STONE AXE HEAD 15m OD; CS 16; IG 21/31; C 9120 2430 This mudstone axe, which is probably Mesolithic in date, was part of a collection brought together in the 1930s within the Bann Valley. It is now in the private collection of Mr J. Marshall. This is probably a stray find, which may have been discovered near to the River Bann. Another stone axe was found in the adjoining townland of Ballynacree Beg (ANT 016:013). ANT 016:012

BALLYNAGARD: DRESS FASTENER 90m OD; CS 1; IG 3; D 1395 5180 This late Bronze Age gold dress fastener was found on the ground surface, when harrowing was taking place. The site is on a north-facing slope, at the foot of Slieveard and overlooking a small bog. In 1989 the field was in rough pasture. The dress fastener is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM AL1.1943]. ANT 001:066 Evans 1944, 61-64.

Figure 45: Ballynagard Dress Fastener (ANT 001:066) (after Evans 1944, 62) Figure 44: Ballynacree More Axe Head (ANT 016:012) (after Marshall 1989, 16)

BALLYNAGARD: FLINTS AND SPINDLE WHORL 90m OD; CS 1; IG 3; D 1350 5150+ A perforated stone disc, measuring 3.36cm in diameter and 1.3cm in thickness, is thought to be a spindle whorl or 37

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND BALLYNALOUGH: FLINTS 140m OD; CS 56; IG 113; J 2375 8182 This flint scatter was discovered, when visiting a mound in the next field (ANT 056:004). The scatter included one scraper, numerous pieces of burnt flint and core waste. ANT 056:099

line sinker. It was found here and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 33.1968]. It was of olive-green gritstone, circular and flat on both faces, with a central perforation, measuring 1.3cm in diameter. Four flint scrapers and two Bann flakes were also found and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 28-31 & 26-27.1968]. ANT [Not in SMR] Lucas 1971, 184-244.

BALLYNASHEE: FLINTS 200m OD; CS 39; IG 82; J 2750 9750+ Two flint hollow scrapers were found here and donated to Armagh County Museum. One measured 4.1cm in length and 5.7cm in width and the other measured 3.4cm in length and 2.8cm in width. ANT [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 28.

BALLYNAGARVY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 15m OD; CS 21; IG 31; C 9148 1935 A bowl or food vessel was reported by Evans as found in a gravel pit in 1935. The general location is Ivy House, which is now uninhabited. The site is on a flat topped ridge, close to the eastern bank of the River Bann, with good views from south-west to north-west. There are now no visible remains of this site, which has probably been destroyed. ANT 021:013 Evans Field Notebook VI; Evans 1942, 95-97.

BALLYNASHEE: FLINT ARROWHEAD 200m OD; CS 39; IG 82; J 2750 9750+ A flint, hollow-based arrowhead was found here and donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 766.1963]. It measured 4.2cm in length. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan and Seaby 1965, 102-116. BALLYNASTRAID: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) (3) 15m OD; CS 3; IG 7; D 0000 4200 The OS Memoirs record three earthen urns containing bones and ashes found covered by flat stones ‘c.1820 on the farm of John Campbell.’ They had carvings on their surface. ANT 003:101 BALLYNESS: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 31m OD; CS 7; IG 7; C 9440 3943 This site is found in good quality grassland, with good views to the Bush River. Very little information is available regarding this site, but the SMR notes do record ‘urn found c.1860s’. The site is not shown on the OS 6-inch maps and the location marked on the field sheet is a gravel ridge, orientated north/south. No archaeological features could be traced and the site now lies under tall grass. The landowner recounted that the urn, which contained charred bone, had been found in a hollow, from which gravel was being extracted. This has since been filled in. ANT 007:027 BALLYPATRICK: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 190m OD; CS 9; IG 9/16; D 1700 3700 This site was recorded in the OS Memoirs as ‘holding of Denis McCauley...were found, in 1834, an ancient earthen urn containing calcined bones and ashes’. ANT 009:148 OS Memoir Culfeightrin, 1838-1839, 96.

Figure 46: Ballynagarvy Food Vessel (ANT 021:013) (after Evans 1942, 96) BALLYNALARGY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 70m OD; CS 67; IG 164; J 1800 6300 This site is reported in the OS Memoirs as ‘In a stone building beneath the surface and covered with a flat stone, an ancient earthen urn carved on the surface and containing calcinated bones and ashes...found in 1827 and subsequently destroyed.’ No local tradition of the site survives and it cannot now be located. ANT 067:041 OS Memoir Magheramesk, 1837, 20; Waddell 1990, 44.

BALLYPATRICK: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 190m OD; CS 9; IG 9/16; D 1700 3700 This site was recorded in the OS Memoirs as ‘in Ballypatrick...an ancient urn...containing a brass implement much resembling a chisel but teethed in the end’. ANT 009:163 OS Memoir Culfeightrin, 1838-1839.

38

INVENTORY BALLYPITMAVE: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) 123m OD; CS 59; IG 145; J 1827 7030 This site is also in Crew townland and known as Crew Hill. The Water Service proposed to construct a new service reservoir at Crew Hill, in County Antrim. An archaeological evaluation was conducted for the site. This consisted of the excavation of a number of test trenches, across the area of the proposed development. This evaluation revealed a series of subsoil-cut features, one of which can be dated, by pottery finds, to the middle Neolithic period. ANT [Not in SMR] Bennett 2010, 9.

early Neolithic period. ANT [Not in SMR] Bennett 1996, 2. BALLYRATAHAN UPPER: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 46m OD; CS 12; IG 14; C 9700 3200 In 1880 an Irish Bowl was reported to have been found by Patterson, within gravel at Dervock. It was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 1911.320]. ANT [Not in SMR] ApSimon 1969, 59. BALLYREAGH: BRONZE AXE HEAD & SPEARHEADS (2) 62m OD; CS 27; IG 43; D 0800 1200+ A bronze socketed axe head was reported in the OS Memoirs to have been found here. Its current location is unknown. Two bronze spearheads were also found here and recorded in the OS Memoirs. Their current location is also unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

BALLYPORTERY NORTH: ASSEMBLAGE 123m OD; CS 18; IG 33; D 0540 2330 This site is also in Lavin Upper townland. This possible Neolithic occupation site was partially excavated by Ulster Museum staff in 1966, after a large quantity of flint scatter from the site was brought to the museum for identification. The landowner pointed out the large area of the findspot. The roughly circular area of arable and improved grassland measured some 600m in diameter. The landowner stated that he regularly found polished stone axes and flint tools. He had amassed a large collection of these artefacts. ANT 018:044

BALLYRICKARD BEG: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 185m OD; CS 40; IG 83; J 3774 9817 This is also known as Mounthill. At the summit of a hill is a low rounded eminence, which appears to be natural, but it is almost certainly the site of the mound. This site was recorded in the OS Memoirs as a cairn, ‘in which an urn was found’, said to have been destroyed c.1835. ANT 040:028 OS Memoir Raloo, 1839 and 1840; O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol. III; Chart 1940, 34.

BALLYPRIOR BEG: ASSEMBLAGE 15m OD; CS 41; IG 71; D 4456 0196 Two prehistoric houses were discovered, during electricity power line works. They have been dated from the middle to late Bronze Age and share similarities with houses discovered in Scotland. A radiocarbon date was obtained from cereal grains of 1392-1054 cal. BC. A wide range of artefacts was recovered, including pottery, flint tools and animal bone. An anvil stone was also found. ANT [Not in SMR] Suddaby et al. 2003, 45-91.

BALLYRYLAND: BRONZE AXE HEADS (2) 130m OD; CS 46; IG 83; J 3900 9600+ A bronze, flat axe head was reported to have been found at Glenoe. This village sits astride two townlands, Ballyryland and Ballywillin, so the findspot could be either. It became part of the Knowles Collection. A bronze palstave axe head was also found here. Both axe heads are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. BALLYSCULLION EAST: BRONZE SWORD 20m OD; CS 42; IG 79; H 9868 9395 This bronze sword was found by anglers, while fishing on the eastern shore of Lough Beg. It was located under a few centimetres of water, jutting out of the sand and gravel bed of the Lough, within a metre of the water’s edge. The Lough has been lowered in recent times and this findspot is about 25m from the original shoreline, which was at the edge of Connell Island. The sword measured 51.8cm in length. It was in good condition, although the extreme end of the tang is missing. It is of the general leaf-shaped type, belonging to the Roscommon phase and dates to the beginning of the Irish late Bronze Age. It dates to the eleventh century BC and is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [RS 2004.41]. ANT 042:025 Warner 2004.

Plate 11: Ballyprior Beg Anvil Stone (Not in SMR) (after Suddaby et al. 2003, 75) BALLYPRIOR BEG: FLINTS 10m OD; CS 41; IG 71; D 4386 0365 Six small patches of charcoal, flint and clay were uncovered, during monitoring for a gas pipeline in 1995. The flints recovered were dated to the late Mesolithic or 39

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND BALLYTRESNA: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 43; IG 95; J 0651 9229 This is also known as Barney’s Brae. The exact findspot of this urn burial (Drumnakilly Series) has not been located. The original owner of the urn, who was present at its discovery, is now dead. The current owner of his house, who has lived in the area sixty-six years, had never heard of the find. The urn is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 507:1930]. ANT 043:048 Belfast Telegraph, 25 August 1930; Pringle 1930-1931, 109111; ApSimon 1969, 42.

Plate 12: Ballyscullion Sword (ANT 042:025) (after Warner 2004, 3) BALLYSCULLION EAST: BRONZE CAULDRON 20m OD; CS 42; IG 79; H 9860 9390+ A bronze cauldron was reported to have been found here. It has been attributed to the late Bronze Age. No further details are available. ANT [Not in SMR] Harbison 1988, 137.

Plate 13: Ballyscullion East Cauldron (Not in SMR) (after Harbison 1988, 137) BALLYSTRUDDER: FLINTS 18m OD; CS 47; IG 84; J 4724 9476 In 1961 a photograph showed a dark circular enclosuretype cropmark, which measured approximately 100m in diameter. This was predominantly located in the more western part of two fields, which had been proposed for development. Test trenching across the feature was suggested, to try to establish its existence and nature. No sign of the enclosure was uncovered, so monitored topsoil stripping was initiated. The course of an ancient stream was uncovered, extending across the development site. This had a scatter of Neolithic flint on its eastern bank. There was no evidence for the apparent enclosure. ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2004.

Figure 47: Ballytresna Urn (ANT 043:048) (after Pringle 1930-1931) BALLYTROMERY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 50m OD; CS 59; IG 128; J 1550 7645 This urn was uncovered by workmen, during the construction of Crumlin police station in 1937. The site was excavated by Oliver Davies. An encrusted urn and some cremated bones were discovered, at a depth of 1.5m below ground level. The urn was later deposited in the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM L20:1937]. The human remains were analysed by Professor Walmsley and identified as belonging to a young adult woman and a child of five or six years of age. ANT [Not in SMR] Davies 1938, 16; ApSimon 1969, 61.

BALLYTAYLOR: ASSEMBLAGE 25m OD; CS 3; IG 1; C 9400 4200 This site was discovered, during a planned surface artefact collection, following a ploughing competition in 2013. The survey and artefact collection was carried out by members of the Ulster Archaeological Society and Downpatrick Young Archaeologists’ Club. Finds included one thousand and eighty-four flints, prehistoric pottery and part of a porcellanite axe head. ANT 003:115 Welsh et al. 2014 (a); Welsh et al. 2014 (b), 13-14. 40

INVENTORY Herring 1937, 43-49; Chart 1940, 53; Watson 1945, 104; Evans Field Notebook II, 85; Herity 1987, 158.

Figure 48: Ballytromery Urn (Not in SMR) (after Davies 1938, 16) BALLYTROMERY: ASSEMBLAGE 77m OD; CS 59; IG 128; J 1550 7600 This site was investigated, prior to a proposed Tesco store at 4 Main Street, Crumlin. The site was divided into two areas, 1 and 2. In Area 1, there were a total of five large field boundaries or drainage features, three small drains and five isolated prehistoric features. One of these features was a pit, which contained ten sherds of Neolithic or Bronze Age pottery, in the form of impressed cord, stab and incised decoration. In Area 2, lay the ephemeral partial remains of the eastern side of a double-palisaded sub-circular enclosure. Two sherds of undecorated prehistoric pottery were recovered from this inner palisade, as well as some flint debitage. Of the total of twenty-seven archaeological features uncovered in the area between the two palisades, all located within a 50 square metres area, there were nine pits/post holes, three of which had associated stake holes. One large feature produced a sherd of undecorated prehistoric pottery, similar in fabric to those sherds from the inner palisade. A rough flint thumb-scraper and a flint flake were also recovered from two post holes, within the area between the palisades. ANT [Not in SMR] Bennett 2011, 7-8.

Figure 49: Finds from Ballyutoag Court Tomb (ANT 056:024) (after Herity 1987, 251) BALLYUTOAG: FLINT ARROWHEADS 250m OD; CS 56; IG 129; J 2700 7900 According to the OS Memoirs, arrowheads of flint and some human bones were found, when a fort was levelled. The site cannot now be located. ANT 056:046 OS Memoir Templepatrick, 1838. BALLYUTOAG: ASSEMBLAGE 310m OD; CS 56; IG 129; J 2878 7945 This site is also known as McIlwhan’s Hill and was identified from aerial photographs, as an enclosure, which consisted of an upstanding bank, defining an irregular area, 110m in length and 55m in width. Investigations in 1982 uncovered a hut circle site and also a late Bronze Age round house, which were excavated. Under this house, features and artefacts of probable early Bronze Age date were found. ANT 056:073 Davies et al. 1940, 8 and Fig. 2; Macdonald et al. 2005, 43-61.

BALLYTWEEDY: FLINT FLAKE 100m OD; CS 55; IG 112; J 2050 8200+ A flint flake, measuring 3.5cm in length, was found here and donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [425.1962]. ANT [Not in SMR]. Flanagan 1964, 73-95. *BALLYUTOAG: ASSEMBLAGE 277m OD; CS 56; IG 129; J 2902 7938 These artefacts were recovered during an excavation at a court tomb. The site is known locally as the Hanging Thorn Cairn and is located on McIlwhan’s Hill. Part of the forecourt of this court tomb was excavated in 1937, revealing some Neolithic pottery, a flint scraper and some Iron Age or Medieval pottery. The finds are held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. A radiocarbon date of 4120±300 BP (3516-1887 cal. BC) (D-48), has been obtained from this site. ANT 056:024

BALLYVANEN: FLINT AXE HEAD 20m OD; CS 58; IG 144/145; J 1150 7100 This findspot has not been precisely located. The unfinished flint axe head, with the striking platform in situ, measured 7.6cm in length and 2.5cm in width. It was presented to Armagh County Museum by the Very Reverend King of Londonderry. ANT [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 29.

41

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND BALLYVASTON: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) & FLINTS 280m OD; CS 56; IG 130; J 3120 7950 Flint scrapers, Neolithic pottery and charcoal were discovered here, when motorcyclists eroded a track through the soil. Finds included Neolithic rim forms, flatbased fragments and a single sherd of possible Grooved Ware. Two hearths were also revealed. ANT 056:092

BALLYWATTICK UPPER: BRONZE HOARD 62m OD; CS 17; IG 21; C 9284 2764 A hoard of bronze rings was reported to have been found ‘in a fort at Seacon Hill, two miles from Ballymoney’ and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. This is likely to be the site of this mound barrow. The hoard consisted of one ring, with a smaller ring inserted (cast in the same mould) and 23 other annular bronze rings of various sizes, with ‘40 to 50’ rings in total. ANT 017:021 Mahr 1930, 73-78.

BALLYVELLIGAN: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 25; IG 35; D 2957 2175 This site is also in Newtown townland. It is located on the edges of a stream, which forms the townland boundary, a short distance from where the stream enters the North Channel. It was reported by the finder as a struck flint scatter. A small number of struck flint nodules still lie at the water’s edge, but no waste flakes or flint tools were observed. Flint nodules occur naturally along the stream banks, but the majority of nodules have been broken naturally. ANT 025:030

BALLYWEENEY: BRONZE AXE HEAD 100m OD; CS 23; IG 33; D 0600 2100+ This bronze, decorated flat axe head was reported to have been found at Ballyweaney (which is probably Ballyweeny) and formed part of the D’Evelyn Collection. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. BALLYWILLIN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 20m OD; CS 6; IG 6; C 8600 3900 An Irish vase food vessel was found with a bowl inverted over it, inside a cist near Ballywillan Church, in the townland of Ballywillin. The find was reported by Buick, who stated that the cist was found in a field adjacent to Ballywillan old Church. The pottery is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 3956-7]. ANT 006:015 Buick 1891, 438-439; ApSimon 1969, 61.

*BALLYVENNAGHT: ASSEMBLAGE 215m OD; CS 9; IG 16; D 2056 3615 The site of a burial cairn on the north-west shore of Loughaveema, also known as the Vanishing Lake, was excavated by Proudfoot (unpublished) in 1955 and 1957. It was found to cover two cists, one of which contained a small food vessel. Some distance away, a Neolithic occupation site was uncovered. This consisted of several hearths and a cobbled area, along with a quantity of struck flint, Neolithic pottery and fragments of porcellanite. However, no traces of structures were uncovered. The relationship between the cairn and occupation site could not be definitely established. ANT 009:049 Jope et al. 1952, 31-60; ApSimon 1969, 59. BALLYVESEY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 130m OD; CS 51; IG 113; J 2971 8412 This site is currently classified in the SMR as Urn Burials, but it is probably a flat cemetery. The OS Memoirs record ‘several earthen urns, containing pulverised bones and ashes – besides a considerable amount of decayed human bones found…on the summit of a trifling though rather conspicuous hill … and at a considerable depth from the surface.’ The location, marked on the OS map as ANT 051:151 does not match the description given in the Memoirs and local people had no knowledge of the burials. ANT 051:151 OS Memoir Carnmoney, 1839, 134.

Figure 50: Ballywillin Pottery (ANT 006:015) (after Buick 1891) BALLYWILLIN: FLINTS 62m OD; CS 6; IG 6; C 8695 3880 An archaeological evaluation took place at a proposed development site at Ballywillan Cemetery, in Portrush. The proposed development site lies within an archaeologically sensitive area, with fourteen recorded sites, within a 1km radius. The nearest is an ecclesiastical site (ANT 003:013), located a distance of approximately 56m to the south-south-east. Three test trenches were mechanically

BALLYVOY: COIN HOARD 62m OD; CS 8/9; IG 9; D 1500 4100 This site was recorded in the OS Memoirs as ‘holding of Daniel Scullion…at the base of a large grey stone…above 100 pieces of ancient silver coin’. The Memoir reported that the coins were sold at auction. ANT 009:155 OS Memoir Culfeightrin 1838-1839, 116. 42

INVENTORY excavated across the proposed development, which totalled 660m in length. Eight deposits of archaeological potential were identified, which were mainly interpreted as pits. Additionally, struck flints were identified on the surface of the subsoil, within the trenches. ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2012. BALLYWONARD: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 154m OD; CS 56; IG 113; J 3042 8177 An archaeological excavation was carried out, following the monitoring of topsoil stripping on this site, which revealed areas of potential archaeology. A curving gully, filled with charcoal-rich soil, contained middle Bronze Age pottery and worked flint. ANT 056:103 Bennett 2004, 3.

Figure 51: Barnish Pin (Not in SMR) (after Redmond 1898, 126) BAY: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) 9m OD; CS 25; IG 45; D 2880 1640 This site, referred to as Bay Farm II, was excavated by Peter Woodman, during his time working at the Ulster Museum. Finds included rim and neck sherds from a Neolithic shouldered bowl, with cord-impressed decoration. ANT [Not in SMR] Herity 1982, 247-404.

BARNISH [BALLYVOY]: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 9; IG 9; D 1490 4060 This was reported in the OS Memoirs as two cists, located 6.5m apart, one with a burial and one with an urn burial. It was found a short distance south of a mound (ANT 009:009), in which there was also a cist burial. There are now no visible remains of these two cists, in this very large field of improved grassland. The current landowner had no knowledge of the cists. ANT 009:122 OS Memoir Culfeightrin, 1838-1839, 7-8; O’Laverty 18781895, Vol. IV, 483.

BAY: FLINTS 9m OD; CS 25; IG 45; D 2920 1641 This site, referred to as Bay Farm III, is located 50m northeast of a Later Mesolithic industrial site [Not in SMR]. This site is described by Mallory as being primarily Bronze Age and ‘yielded abundant early Bronze Age flint chipping waste’ (Mallory 1991-1992, 3). ANT [Not in SMR] Mallory 1991-1992, 3-12. BELFAST: HOARD (AXE HEADS) 15m OD; CS 65; IG 147; J 3311 7112 This site was reported by Gray as ‘in cutting a track at the site of the hill, two very finely polished stone celts were found … recently, within a few feet of the same spot, not less than fourteen other stone celts of the same character were found … They were all found within the space of c.8ft (2.5m) square, each standing on its end in the sand with its edge turned upwards. There was nothing near to indicate a burial, nor were there any chips to indicate manufactory’. The exact location of this findspot could not be located, as the site is now the headquarters of Northern Ireland Electricity and known as Danesfort. The land has been built over and extensively landscaped. The axe heads are known as the Malone Hoard and are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT 065:003 Gray 1873, 138.

BARNISH [BALLYVOY]: ASSEMBLAGE 62m OD; CS 9; IG 9; D 1533 4065 Test trenching at Carey Faughs GAC, in advance of pitch construction, uncovered a double-ditched enclosure, with internal features and a souterrain. Souterrain ware and a fragment of a polished stone axe were recovered, during the monitoring process, while several sherds of unidentified prehistoric pottery were recovered from the surface of the ditches. Several of the features also contained metal slag. The northern edge of the site was defined by a steep drop down to the river. This may have acted as a defensive feature, although its presence had caused erosion of the ditches. A ballaun stone was recovered from just over the ridge, on the slope down to the river. The decision was taken to preserve the site in situ and so it was covered in geotextile. ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2010. BARNISH [RANDALSTOWN]: BRONZE PIN 40m OD; CS 43; IG 95; J 1243 8975 This disc-headed bronze pin was found at a depth of 1.5m, in a bog close to Cookstown Junction railway station. It measured 15.2cm in length and the conical head measured 7.6cm in diameter. This type of pin is also referred to as a sunflower pin and is usually dated to the late Bronze Age. ANT [Not in SMR] Redmond 1898, 126; Hodges 1956, 29-56.

Plate 14: Belfast Hoard (ANT 065:003) 43

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND BELFAST: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & STONE AXE HEAD 15m OD; CS 65; IG 147; J 3310 7111 This site is currently classified in the SMR as Urn Burials, but it is more likely to be a flat cemetery. It was reported by Gray as ‘in the process of cutting away the hill several urns were found c.1870 and one rough stone celt.’ According to Gray, the hill was called Pleasure House Hill and it was being cut away to facilitate the building of a residence for Samuel Barbour. There are now no visible remains of this site, which has probably been built over and destroyed. The site is now occupied by the headquarters of Northern Ireland Electricity and has been extensively landscaped. Gray also reported that a rath (ANT 065:002) stood on top of the hill and that sixteen polished stone axes (ANT 065:003) were found at the side of the hill. ANT 065:004 Gray 1873, 138.

two barbed and tanged type. In 1965 they were purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1967, 21-40. BELLAGHY: FLINT SCRAPERS (5) & STONE AXE HEADS (3) 100m OD; CS 23; IG 43; D 0400 1600+ Five flint scrapers were found here and became part of the Fawcett Collection. Three stone axe heads were also found. In 1965 and 1966, they were purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1967, 21-40; Flanagan et al. 1968. BELLAGHY: BRONZE CHISEL 100m OD; CS 23; IG 43; D 0400 1600+ A bronze trunnion chisel was reported to have been found here. Its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

BELFAST: BRONZE AXE HEADS (8) 15m OD; CS 61; IG 130; J 3300 7100+ Three bronze flat axe heads, one of which was decorated, were reported to have been found in Belfast. One is held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast, one at Manchester Museum in England and one at Taunton Castle Museum, also in England. Three flanged axe heads, one of which was decorated, were also found here. One is held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin and the other two at St Albans Museum in England. Two bronze palstave axe heads were also found. One is held at Taunton Castle Museum and the other, which formed part of the Evans Collection, is held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

BENDOORAGH: FLINT FLAKE 30m OD; CS 17; IG 31; C 9200 2250+ A straight-sided flint flake, 8.4cm in length and 1.7cm in thickness, was found here by students of Ballymoney Secondary School. It is held within the school collection. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1964, 96-102. BENDOORAGH: FLINT 37m OD; CS 17; IG 31; C 9296 2280 Monitoring of topsoil stripping was carried out, as part of the development of the Ballymoney Waste Water Treatment Works. Four areas of archaeological significance were investigated. Along the Balnamore line, two individual features were identified, some distance apart. One, a circular pit measuring c.0.65m in diameter and c.0.6m in depth, was clay-lined and filled with a heavily charcoal-flecked, loamy soil. One struck flint was recovered from this fill. ANT [Not in SMR] Bennett 2006, 2.

BELFAST: BRONZE AXE HEADS (6) 15m OD; CS 61; IG 130; J 3300 7100+ A bronze three-ribbed axe head was reported to have been found here. It was attributed to the late Bronze Age and is currently held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [1927.2827]. Two bronze socketed axe heads were reported to have been found near Belfast and another three in the River Lagan. The whereabouts of only one is known. It is currently held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford and may be the axe head referred to above. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119; Hodges 1956, 29-56.

*BIGHOUSE: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) & FLINTS 215m OD; CS 5; IG 9; D 1908 4180 This site was first reported by Hewson (1936), who found flint scatter and Neolithic pottery at the top of a quarry above Murlough Bay. This was later identified by Evans (1945) as a small dolerite quarry, located west of the road to Murlough Bay, in which he found more pottery and flint scatter. In the topsoil are large quantities of mostly unworked flint, but three scrapers and a possible flint knife were recovered from exposed sections. ANT 005:034 Hewson 1936, 154-172; Evans 1945, 14-32.

BELFAST: STONE AXE HEAD 15m OD; CS 65; IG 147; J 3300 7100+ A small, wedge-shaped stone axe head was found in a garden at Stranmillis and donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 853.1963]. It was described as having ‘a typical tranchet cutting-edge’. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan and Seaby 1965, 102-116.

BIGHOUSE: STONE AXE HEAD 20m OD; CS 5/9; IG 9; D 1950 4200+ A stone axe head was reported to have been found at Murlough. This is probably Murlough Bay, which is not a townland name, but includes several townlands, such as Bighouse, Goodland and Torglass. It was donated to the

BELLAGHY: FLINT ARROWHEADS (6) 100m OD; CS 23; IG 43; D 0400 1600+ Six flint arrowheads were found here and became part of the Fawcett Collection. They included one leaf-shaped arrowhead, two hollow-based, one lozenge-shaped and 44

INVENTORY National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Mahr 1930, 73-78.

below blanket bog, which had been burned away. ANT 060:072 BLACK MOUNTAIN: FLINTS 308m OD; CS 60; IG 146; J 2854 7277 This site was discovered at the upper slope of Black Mountain, 250m south of the summit. It is located beside the townland boundary, with spectacular views in an arc from north-east, through east to south-east. A member of the Black Mountain Environmental group reported finding flint implements, which included a knife, a javelin, a barbed and tanged arrow head and a scraper, at this very conspicuous location. There are now no visible remains of any flint scatter at this site, which is close to a quarry. On a previous visit, a broken flint arrow head was found. The site was classified as associated with hunting, rather than a settlement, due to the lack of waste flakes and scrapers. ANT 060:075

BIGHOUSE: STONE AXE HEAD 21m OD; CS 5; IG 9; D 1950 4250 A stone axe head of baked, or hardened shale, was reported to have been found in ‘one of the crude souterrain dwellings at Drumnakill, Murlough’ (Evans 1945, 17). Its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Evans 1945, 14-32.

Figure 52: Bighouse Axe Head (Not in SMR|) (after Evans 1945, 16)

BLACK MOUNTAIN: ASSEMBLAGE 370m OD; CS 60; IG 129; J 2900 7500 This site was reported by Lewis (1829) and described as ‘a large urn filled with calcined human bones, a spear-head, and two ornaments of brass…found in a cairn.’ This site has not been precisely located. ANT [Not in SMR] Waddell 1990, 44.

BIGHOUSE: BRONZE RAZOR 20m OD; CS 5; IG 9; D 1950 4200+ A bronze razor was reported to have been found at ‘Mullough, Antrim’, which is probably Murlough Bay. This site straddles Goodland, Torglass and Bighouse townlands. The razor is thought to date to the late Bronze Age and is classified as Class IV. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 1915.262]. ANT [Not in SMR] Hodges 1956, 29-56.

BONAMARGY: GOLD INGOT 15m OD; CS 9; IG 8; D 1268 4086 This Third Order Franciscan Friary, traditionally founded by Rory MacQuillan in about 1500, was involved in warfare in the late 16th century, but was repaired and used until the mid-seventeenth century. The approach is through a gatehouse set in an earth bank. The long narrow church has three windows and a door in the south wall and a two-phase east window, with broken flamboyant tracery. North of the church was a cloister and in the east range is the sacristy for storing equipment, a day room for indoor work and the friars’ dormitory above. The seventeenth century chapel and vault, running south from the church, hold the burial place of the MacDonnells, Earls of Antrim. There are many interesting gravestones in the surrounding cemetery, including memorials for sailors of the two world wars, who had drowned off the nearby coast. A gold bar, 97cm in length and 609 grams in weight, was found in a stream adjoining the friary. Its current location is unknown. ANT 009:003 Evans 1945, 14-32.

Figure 53: Bighouse Bronze Razor (Not in SMR) (after Hodges 1956, 30)

BIGHOUSE: BRONZE AXE HEAD 20m OD; CS 5; IG 9; D 1950 4200+ A bronze palstave axe head was reported in the OS Memoirs to have been found here. Its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

BONAMARGY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 15m OD; CS 9; IG 8/9; D 1300 4100 ‘In the above Warren and at some depth beneath the sandy surface were found 20 years back decayed earthen urns and human bones (OS Memoirs).’ This area is now part of Ballycastle golf course and has been extensively landscaped. No information or traditions about these urn burials could be obtained. ANT 009:165

BLACK MOUNTAIN: FLINTS 360m OD; CS 60; IG 130; J 2914 7452 This flint working site, which is similar to two others at Ballymurphy (ANT 060:070 and ANT 060:071), was found

45

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND OS Memoir Culfeightrin, 1838-1839, 115; O’Laverty 18781895, Vol. IV, 478.

1895, Vol. IV, 406. BROUGHSHANE UPPER: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC & BRONZE AGE) 31m OD; CS 33; IG 55/67; D 1400 0540 This urn was found in a burial cairn, mentioned by O’Laverty, who described it: ‘a large cairn which stood near Broughshane Race-course, was destroyed in 1835… there was found in it an urn’. Inquiries in the urban area of this townland, close to the old racecourse, failed to locate the site of this cairn. The site has probably been built over and lies in an area, defined on the north by the Braid River and on the south by Devenagh Burn. Three sherds from this urn, described by Kavanagh as an encrusted urn and one sherd from an Irish Bowl, also from here, are held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 4031]. Herity (1982) described a rim sherd from a decorated Neolithic bowl, which had also been found here. This bowl is also held at the Ulster Museum. ANT 033:076 O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol. III, 428; ApSimon 1969, 59& 63; Kavanagh 1973, 507-617; Herity 1982, 247-404.

BOOTOWN: BRONZE HOARD 100m OD; CS 12; IG 13; C 9200 2900+ A bronze hoard was reported to have been found here. It contained two bronze socketed axe heads, a bronze ring and a bronze socketed gouge. The artefacts are now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1929/1526-1532]. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119; Hodges 1957, 51-63. BOYDSTOWN: BRONZE AXE HEAD 110m OD; CS 40; IG 84; J 3520 9900 This bronze palstave axe head was reported to have been found here in 1927 during ploughing operations. It is currently held in private ownership. ANT [Not in SMR] Evans 1943, 106-107.

BROUGHSHANE UPPER: ASSEMBLAGE 67m OD; CS 33; IG 56; D 1448 0624 Monitored topsoil stripping and excavation have revealed an extensive prehistoric landscape at this site. There is structural evidence of Neolithic occupation, such as post holes, hearths, rubbish pits and evidence of industrial activity, associated with lithics and food processing, as evidenced by the recovery of charred hazelnut shells. Polished stone axes, lithics and pottery recovered from these features would suggest a Neolithic date. In addition, the foundation slots of a rectangular house, measuring 7.2m north-west/south-east by 2.6m, with a possible 3m long annexe along the south-east, have been excavated. The recovery of Neolithic pottery and a broken polished stone axe appeared to be contemporary and are probably associated with the house. ANT [Not in SMR] Bennett 2006, 4.

Figure 54: Boydstown Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Evans 1943, 107) BRITISH: FLINTS 62m OD; CS 55; IG 112; J 1450 8095 Two test trenches were excavated in the area of a court tomb, prior to development. A few struck flints were found, but the only features uncovered were two modern field drains (ADS, 1998). The remains of the court tomb are no longer visible. ANT 055:111 OS Field Report No. 390.

BROUGHSHANE UPPER: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 70m OD; CS 33; IG 56; D 1480 0630 Excavation of a site at Raceview Road, Broughshane, was undertaken in 2007. A large number of archaeological features were uncovered, during topsoil stripping. The majority of these were situated in the northern portion of the site and included a cremation burial, inside an urn within a pit. The urn burial was situated on flat ground in the north-east portion of the site. It measured 0.42m in diameter and survived to a depth of 0.14m. Only the fractured base of the urn was present within the pit, indicating that it had been heavily truncated, probably by ploughing. Surrounding the urn burial were five post holes, which formed a semicircle with the burial at its centre. Each post hole was situated between 3.94m and 4.2m from the centre. The two end post holes were located south and north-west, respectively, of the centre and from this it would appear that the burial was approached

BROOM-MORE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 215m OD; CS 8; IG 8/15; D 1000 3700 This was reported in the OS Memoirs as several urn burials, which had been found on John Boyd’s holding in 1838. One of the burials found consisted of an earthen urn containing ‘a quantity of calcined bones and ashes’ but this had been destroyed by farm machinery, when discovered. Another similar urn was found in 1832 and both urns had been placed mouth down on a flat slab. Enquiries, within the townland, failed to recover any information about the findspot of these urn burials. The site cannot be located. ANT 008:145 OS Memoir Ramoan, 1838, 49 and 89; O’Laverty 187846

INVENTORY from the west-south-west. Finds of flint, including some diagnostic prehistoric tool types, which included several scrapers, have been recovered mainly from the surface of the subsoil horizon. ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2007.

gentle south-western facing slope. The site consists of a horseshoe-shaped façade, at the north-eastern end of a low cairn. The west side of the façade is wellpreserved and seven stones survive. The eastern side is marked by only two stones, with two fallen stones at the southern end, which may represent portal stones. The cairn appears to be well marked by a slight dip, possibly the result of ploughing. The tomb remains quite wellpreserved, with a large part of the façade intact, facing north-east and uphill (similar to another court tomb, ANT 028:019). The large, long cairn behind the façade has suffered from trampling. A large assemblage of pottery and flint tools was recovered and is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT 044:035 Evans and Gaffikin 1935, 247; O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol. III; Chart 1940, 36; Evans Field Notebook X, 71; De Valera 1960, 118.

BROUGHSHANE UPPER: COPPER AXE HEAD 60m OD; CS 33; IG 56; D 1400 0600+ A copper, flat axe head was reported to have been found here. It became part of the Keiller-Knowles Collection and is now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. BROUGHSHANE UPPER: BRONZE AXE HEADS (5) 60m OD; CS 33; IG 56; D 1400 0600+ A bronze palstave axe head was reported to have been found here and formed part of the Grainger Collection. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. Four socketed axe heads were also found here. Two formed part of the Grainger Collection and one formed part of the Robb Collection. These are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. One further socketed axe head is held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. Hodges (1956) refers to a socketed axe head being found here. This is probably one of the axe heads recorded above. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119; Hodges 1956, 29-56.

Plate 15: Browndod Court Tomb (ANT 044:035) BROWNDOD: BRONZE AXE HEAD 200m OD; CS 44; IG 96; J 2000 9200+ A bronze flanged axe head was reported in the OS Memoirs to have been found here. Its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

Figure 55: Broughshane Upper Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Hodges 1956, 30)

BUCKNA: BRONZE AXE HEAD 225m OD; CS 34; IG 57; D 2400 0600+ A bronze palstave axe head was reported to have been found here. This artefact formed part of the Hunt-Ball Collection in Limerick. Its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

BROUGHSHANE UPPER: WOODEN BOWLS (2) 60m OD; CS 33; IG 56; D 1400 0600+ Two wooden bowls are reported to have been found in a bog near Broughshane. They are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 18 & 130]. The bowls have out-turned rims, but no handles and are thought to date to the early Bronze Age. ANT [Not in SMR] Earwood 1989-1990, 37-44.

BUDORE: STONE AXE HEAD 190m OD; CS 60; IG 129; J 2300 7500+ A stone axe head was reported to have been found here. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Mahr 1930, 73-78. BUSH: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) & FLINT SCRAPER 62m OD; CS 50; IG 96; J 1624 8860 Excavations were carried out here on an elongated site, 250m north-east/south-west and 50m east/west,

*BROWNDOD: ASSEMBLAGE 215m OD; CS 44; IG 96; J 2019 9230 This is a court tomb, which forms part of a settlement complex. It is situated in a grassy enclosed field, on a 47

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND CAHERTY: FLINT ARROWHEAD 92m OD; CS 33; CS 68; D 1600 0300+ A flint barbed and tanged arrowhead was found here and was included in the Fawcett Collection. In 1965 it was purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A114.1965]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1967, 21-40.

after the monitoring of topsoil stripping uncovered six areas of archaeological potential. The main period of activity was the Neolithic period. Area A contained a discontinuous gully 23m north/south and 17m east/ west, which produced Neolithic pottery from the fill. Area B was a nineteenth or twentieth century field boundary. Area C measured 10m east/west and 8m north/south and contained three undated pits, while Area D contained no archaeological material. Area E covered an inter-drumlin hollow, measuring c.80m north/south and 39m east/west, which contained a large deposit of artefact rich material, on the slope of the northern drumlin, 0.5m in depth and within the hollow. Excavations recovered numerous sherds of Neolithic type pottery, some of which were decorated. A hollow scraper was also found. Initial assessment of the pottery from Area E suggested that it was Neolithic in date, but later than that from Areas A and F, dating from the middle or late Neolithic (c. 3,500-2,200 BC). Area F contained pits and post holes, centred on the remains of a house and paved area. The structure measured 7.5m north/south and 5.5m east/west, defined by external posts and internal stake holes. Neolithic pottery was scattered in the vicinity and, along with the pottery from Area A, seemed to date largely to the early Neolithic (c.4000-3500 BC). Further excavations nearby in Steeple townland (ANT 050:187) also uncovered extensive Neolithic settlement remains, along with Bronze Age ring barrows, as well as an early Christian settlement. ANT 050:188

CALHAME: FLINTS & DECORATED STONE 119m OD; CS 45; IG 97; J 3145 9120 This site was discovered during the A8 road improvement scheme in 2012. The site included a fuluchta fiadh, with a wood-lined trough. A radiocarbon date of 1058-906 cal. BC was obtained. Finds included eight flint artefacts, including a core and a decorated stone with two cup marks. ANT [Not in SMR] Barkley 2016, 1-56. CAPANAGH: FLINT ARROWHEAD 220m OD; CS 34/39; IG 69; J 3000 0400+ A flint, barbed and tanged arrowhead, measuring 5.8cm in length, was found 30cm deep within a bog here. It was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 775.1963]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan and Seaby 1965, 102-116. CAPE CASTLE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 100m OD; CS 8; IG 15; D 0700 3600 This was reported in the OS Memoirs as an urn burial found in a sandy hill ‘in the verge of a bog.’ Almost all of what remains of Cape Castle bog has been deeply ploughed for drainage. It has also been planted with sapling conifers, as part of Cape Castle forest. Noone spoken to in the area knew of the location of the findspot of this urn burial, which has probably been destroyed. ANT 008:150 OS Memoir Ramoan, 1838, 57.

BUSHFOOT OR LISSANDUFF: POLISHING STONE 20m OD; CS 3; IG 6; C 9300 4200 A stone used for polishing axe heads was reported to have been found here. It was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 1934.150]. ANT [Not in SMR] Briggs 1988, 5-20. BUSHFOOT OR LISSANDUFF: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) & FLINTS 20m OD; CS 3; IG 6; C 9300 4200+ Professor Evans reported that plain-rimmed Neolithic pottery and flint flakes, including a leaf-shaped arrowhead and Bann flakes, have been found here. Professor Woodman considered the sand dunes here to be the location of a Mesolithic settlement. ANT [Not in SMR] Evans 1945, 14-32.

CAPE CASTLE: BRONZE CAULDRONS (2) 100m OD; CS 8; IG 15; D 0880 3680 This site is not precisely located, but the cauldron is recorded as having been found, while cutting turf in a peat bog at Cape Castle, in Armoy. It was found embedded in a solid bank of turf, located about 2.8m below the surface. It measured 34.1cm in height and had a maximum diameter of 50.8cm. It was sold at auction in 1924 to the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [1924.236]. It was classified there as being A3 type and attributed to the late Bronze Age or Iron Age. A ‘repoussée decorated bucket’ was also reported from this site. It is now held at the Hunt-Ball Museum, in Limerick. It measured 44.4cm in height and had a maximum diameter of 33cm. ANT [Not in SMR] Langtrey 1874, 20-22; Briggs 1979, 23-25; Waddell 1998, 226-227.

CAHERTY: FLINT ARROWHEADS (2) 92m OD; CS 33; CS 68; D 1600 0300+ Two flint leaf-shaped arrowheads were found at Caherty and included in the Fawcett Collection. In 1965 they were purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A18, A40.1965]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1967, 21-40.

48

INVENTORY townland. Very little information is given by Benn. The OS Memoirs mentioned an urn of bones (Evishnablay ANT 024:028) found at the edge of the Glenravel Water in 1834, which was also destroyed. This is possibly the same site. ANT 024:014 OS Memoir Skerry, 1837, 3-4; Benn 1861, 216-220; O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol. III, 463. CARNAFF: STONE AXE HEAD 40m OD; CS 12; IG 14; C 9600 3300+ A grey polished stone axe head was found here by students of Ballymoney Secondary School. It measured 12cm in length and is held within the school collection. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1964, 96-102.

Figure 56: Cape Castle Cauldron (Not in SMR) (after Langtry 1874, 20) CAPE CASTLE: BRONZE CAULDRON 100m OD; CS 8; IG 15; D 0700 3600+ Although this site is not precisely located, this complete cauldron may be identical to another cauldron discovered at Cape Castle. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 1911.14], following its acquisition from Lord Derramore in 1900. ANT [Not in SMR] Armstrong 1924, 113; Leeds 1930, 32 No. 14, Pl. II, 2; Gerloff 1986, 109. CARCLUNTY: STONE AXE HEAD 120m OD; CS 26; IG 54; D 0200 1100+ A stone axe head was reported to have been found here. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Mahr 1930, 73-78.

Figure 57: Carnaff Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Flanagan 1964, 98) CARNALBANAGH: ARROW 185m OD; CS 34; IG 57; D 2800 0900 Although not precisely located, this was the remains of an arrow, with a flint concave-based arrowhead still attached, along with its binding of animal sinew. It was found in Kanestown Bog, south of Glenarm. ANT [Not in SMR] Waddell 1998, 50.

CARCLUNTY: BRONZE AXE HEAD 120m OD; CS 26; IG 54; D 0200 1100+ A bronze, flanged axe head was reported to have been found here and became part of the Adams Collection. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. CARGAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 154m OD; CS 24; IG 44; D 1700 1800 This was briefly reported by Benn as a small sepulchral urn, which had been found near the standing stone ANT 024:007. No other information was given. Enquiries with the owners of the standing stone and also in the course of visiting other sites, within this townland, failed to elicit any information. The findspot remains unknown. The site of a cairn (ANT 024:008), on the summit of Cargan Rock, lies to the north-east of the standing stone. ANT 024:013 Benn 1861, 216-220; O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol. III, 463. CARGAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 154m OD; CS 24; IG 34/44; D 1700 1800 This was reported by Benn as a small sepulchral urn found ‘in a bank overhanging the Ravel River’. Benn continued that the finder smashed the urn. Enquiries in the Cargan area failed to recover any information about the site of this urn, which cannot even be attributed to a particular

Figure 58: Carnalbanagh Arrow (Not in SMR) (after Waddell 1998, 50) 49

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND CARNCOAGH: STONE POT & DECORATED STONE 92m OD; CS 28; IG 55/56; D 1200 1000 This is not marked on any Ordnance Survey map, but was reported in an article by MacAdam, as being found in a wild and hilly district, in a field on the farm of John Pettigrew around 1860. Despite enquiries in the eastern half of this townland at Braeside, Carncoagh Upper and the nearby farms, no-one knew of a cist burial with a stone urn and a ‘lozenge shaped stone implement’ within this townland, or any tradition of such. MacAdam described this as a sandstone sepulchral urn, 13cm in height, with a 3cm cavity cut into the top surface. It was found along with a lozenge-shaped stone object and both were in private ownership at the time of the report (1861). This pot is similar to one found at Trummery, which is also located in County Antrim. ANT 028:027 MacAdam 1861-1862, 236-238.

Flanagan 1964, 73-95. CARNDUFF: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 123m OD; CS 40; IG 70; D 4014 0083 Evans describes this site as the remains of a megalithic tomb. It consisted of ‘a stone 4ft 6” [1.4m] high with, 9ft [2.7m] to the north, two slabs 2ft [0.6m] high at right angles to each other. Another stone, 4ft [1.2m] high, was used as a gatepost in an adjoining lane.’ Chart (1940) suggests that this site may be identified with the ‘Tumulus at Topping’, which was excavated in 1869, but admits to problems in fitting the remains to the description in the excavation report. The site was excavated by Holden in 1869. He found a cist burial and seven or eight urn burials. Several pottery types were identified, matching those found at Neolithic court tombs. One vessel has been identified as an encrusted urn (Kavanagh 1973, 528). The finds are currently held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [AM 5710:1886]. ANT 040:009 Holden 1869, 350-352; Evans Field Notebook II, 91-92; PPS 7, 62-66; Chart 1940, 33; Watson 1945, 103 No. 61; Herity et al. 1968-1969, 9-34; Kavanagh 1973, 507-617.

Figure 59: Carncoagh Stone Pot (ANT 028:027) (after MacAdam 1861-1862, Pl. 1)

Figure 61: Carnduff Pottery (ANT 040:009) (after Herity et al. 1968-1969, 25)

Figure 60: Carncoagh Decorated Stone (ANT 028:027) (after MacAdam 1861-1862, Pl. 2)

CARNDUFF: BRONZE AXE HEAD 110m OD; CS 40; IG 71; D 3970 0070 This flat bronze axe head has been categorised as Ballybeg type, a sub-type of the Lough Ravel type. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1980, 21-27.

CARNCOAGH: FLINT KNIFE & FLAKE 246m OD; CS 28; IG 56; D 1367 1107 A flint knife, measuring 3.9cm in length and a flint flake measuring 4cm in length, were found close to Turtle’s Farm at Carncoagh Hill. They were donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 435,436.1962]. Carncoagh Hill is the site of a hilltop enclosure (ANT 028:023). ANT [Not in SMR]. 50

INVENTORY mound is described in the OS Memoirs as ‘a remarkable moat…destroyed some years ago….a curiously carved earthen urn dug out…in the possession of the Adair family.’ Despite exhaustive enquiries, the site of this mound remains unlocated. Two elderly brothers, who had lived eighty years in the townland, said that the Adairs at one time owned the entire townland. ANT 037:056 OS Memoir Ahoghill, 1837; O’Laverty 1884, Vol. III, 387. CARNEATLY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 8; IG 8; D 0876 3825 This urn was reported in the OS Memoirs, as from an ancient mound of earth [mound barrow], on the summit of which was found, below the surface, a paved causeway 2.5m in length and 0.9m in width. The mound was destroyed, when a road was constructed prior to 1838. Also found at the site were an urn burial and also Elizabethan silver coins. The location of the site is on almost level ground, beside a stream, which forms the townland boundary. This is also the location of Ulster Quarries. The proximity of the quarry and the construction of the road have greatly altered the topography. There are now no visible remains of the mound or the urn burial, which have probably been destroyed. ANT 008:147 OS Memoir Ramoan, 1838; O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol. IV, 403.

Figure 62: Carnduff Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Flanagan 1980, 23) CARNDUFF: FLINT JAVELIN HEADS (3) 150m OD; CS 40; IG 71; D 3950 1100+ Three flint javelin heads were reported by Knowles to have been found in Carndoo townland, near Ballycastle. There is no townland of this name, but the term is often used in connection with Carnduff townland. Knowles records that the owner used these to ‘cure’ sick cattle. ANT [Not in SMR] Knowles 1897, 8-17.

CARNEATLY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 8; IG 8; D 0910 3850 This urn reported in a cist burial in the OS Memoirs as: ‘Frances Todd…in labour-ing new ground … in 1835, discovered c.2ft [0.6m] beneath the surface…a square vault, much resembling a tea chest.’ In the cist were a carved urn containing bones and ashes and a book ‘about the size of a small church bible…It was bound and has on the back some gilt letters resembling figures of the Irish characters’. The book, although perfect when found, crumbled to dust on being removed from the cist. The general location of the holding is on an east-facing slope, overlooking a stream, which formed the townland boundary to the east. There are no visible remains of the cist or burial and the site could not be precisely located. ANT 008:153 OS Memoir Ramoan, 1838, 82-83; O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol. IV, 403.

Figure 63: Carnduff Javelin Heads (Not in SMR) (after Knowles 1897, 9) CARNEAL: STONE HOARD 220m OD; CS 46; IG 83; J 3900 9500 These artefacts were reported by Evans as found at a burial cairn. A polished green stone bead, some stone axes and a decorated stone had apparently been found close to the cairn, some years before. Evans writes ‘The site is known locally as ‘the cairn’. The site cannot now be precisely located. ANT 046:070

CARNFINTON: STONE MOULD 80m OD; CS 26; IG 42; C 9700 1300+ One part of a two-part steatite mould, which was designed for casting a socket-looped spearhead, was reportedly found at Rasharkin. This is not a townland, but the village sits astride two townlands, Carnfinton and Moneyleck. The mould measured 10.8cm in length, 4.8cm in width and 3.4cm in thickness. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [542.1924]. ANT [Not in SMR] Collins 1970, 23-36.

CARNEARNEY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 37; IG 67; D 0400 0100 This urn was recovered from a mound barrow, also known as Carnearny. Although not marked on any OS map, this 51

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND found at Rasharkin. This is not a townland, but the village sits astride two townlands, Carnfinton and Moneyleck. One spearhead was recorded in the Day Catalogue and is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast, one is at the British Museum in London, one (with a leaf-shaped blade and socket loops, part of the Glen Collection) is at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin, one is in private ownership and the location of the fifth, recorded in the Knowles Catalogue, is currently unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. CARNFINTON: BRONZE PIN 80m OD; CS 26; IG 42; C 9700 1300+ A bronze sunflower pin, designated as a Class II type of the late Bronze Age, was reported to have been found at Rasharkin. This is not a townland, but the village sits astride two townlands, Carnfinton and Moneyleck. It is currently held at the British Museum in London [1921/12-6/34]. ANT [Not in SMR] Hodges 1956, 29-56.

Figure 64: Rasharkin Stone Mould (Not in SMR) (after Collins 1970, 31) CARNFINTON: STONE AXE HEAD 80m OD; CS 26; IG 42; C 9700 1300+ A polished stone axe head was reported to have been found at Rasharkin. This is not a townland, but the village sits astride two townlands, Carnfinton and Moneyleck. The axe head was donated to the Armagh County Museum. It measured 12.3cm in length, 4.7cm in width and 2.5cm in thickness, tapering to a point. ANT [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 31.

CARNFINTON: JET NECKLACE 80m OD; CS 26; IG 42; C 9700 1300+ This necklace was reportedly found at Rasharkin. This is not a townland, but the village sits astride two townlands, Carnfinton and Moneyleck. It has been described as an Irish version of a Scottish type and dated to the early Bronze Age. It is held at the Cambridge Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology in England. ANT [Not in SMR] Jope 1951, 61.

CARNFINTON: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & RUBBING STONE 80m OD; CS 26; IG 42; C 9700 1300+ This is also possibly in Moneyleck townland. A Bronze Age round house was discovered, during archaeological investigations, in advance of the construction of a solar farm. The house consisted of a ring of posts, an internal hearth, areas of stake holes and a segmented enclosure. It was thought to date to the middle Bronze Age, c.1500 BC. Finds included a possible rubbing stone and several sherds of Late Bronze Age coarse pottery. ANT [Not in SMR] HED 2019, 9. CARNFINTON: BRONZE AXE HEADS (6) 80m OD; CS 26; IG 42; C 9700 1300+ Two bronze axe heads were reported to have been found at Rasharkin. This is not a townland, but the village sits astride two townlands, Carnfinton and Moneyleck. One axe head was flat and formed part of the Evans Collection, which is now held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. The other was a flanged axe head and is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. A bronze palstave axe head was also found at Rasharkin and is now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. Three socketed axe heads were also found here. They are all held at the British Museum in London. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

Figure 65: Rasharkin Necklace (Not in SMR) (after Jope 1951, Pl. 8). CARNLELIS: ASSEMBLAGE 62m OD; CS 8; IG 15; D 0350 3680 A small stone axe head and a large collection of flint artefacts have been found on the land of Mr Creith of Carnlelis, Moss-Side. These fields are close to the site of Carnlelis megalithic tombs (ANT 008:157). ANT [Not in SMR] Evans 1945, 14-32. CARNLOUGH SOUTH: ASSEMBLAGE 15m OD; CS 25; IG 45; D 2844 1782 The site consisted of a raised beach, lying behind the coast road in Carnlough, with an upland section set back from

CARNFINTON: BRONZE SPEARHEADS (5) 80m OD; CS 26; IG 42; C 9700 1300+ Five bronze spearheads were reported to have been 52

INVENTORY the raised beach. On the upland area, two flint-working areas were uncovered, comprising scatters of thousands of flint flakes. These appear to be of different periods, from early to later Mesolithic. One of them was possibly set within a structure. This took the form of a metalled surface and associated post holes. There was also a series of large post holes, containing a quantity of Bronze Age pottery. This last area had been badly disturbed by the insertion of the Whitehill Road. Post-excavation work is ongoing. The raised beach contained a vast amount of flint, scattered across the whole surface and also down into the raised beach material. However, this material was not in its original location and, although several tons of material was recovered, its value was limited, due to the change in location and therefore context. The most important finds on the beach were two separate groups of Bronze Age cremations. The first consisted of a single cremation, within a completely decorated tripartite bowl. The second consisted of three cremation pits. The first contained an inverted, collared urn, with the cremation sitting on top of a large stone. The second was a pit, containing up to three cremations, one under a large stone, one on top of the stone and one beside it. The third was a shallow pit, which contained cremated bone. ANT [Not in SMR] Bennett 2008, 10.

to is probably ANT 057:006. Several prehistoric sites are known in the immediate area of this monument (see ANT 057:017 Carnmoney urn burial and ANT 051:099 Ballyearl ring ditch). ANT [Not in SMR]. Flanagan 1964, 73-95. CARNMONEY: STONE AXE HEAD 200m OD; CS 57; IG 114; J 3325 8280 This stone object, described by Bigger as a ‘dummy stone celt’ was discovered in a cist, during farming activities in 1915, on the upper southern slope of Carnmoney Hill. The remains of a burial cairn (ANT 057:006) lie a short distance to the north. The artefact was thought to be of shale and measured 21.4cm in length, 9cm in width and 0.6cm in thickness. Its categorisation as a stone axe head is questionable, as it would be unusual to find such an artefact in a cist burial. ANT [Not in SMR] Bigger 1916-1917, 1-8.

CARNLOGHERN: LUNULAE (3) 40m OD; CS 67; IG 164; J 1800 6200 No local traditions or tangible remains survive of this possible megalithic tomb, described by Royan as ‘one of those stones supposed to be a Druid’s Altar, which had fallen from its supporters’. Whilst digging a pit, in which to bury this agricultural obstruction, at a depth of 1.54m, three gold lunulae with imperfect zig-zag ornamentation were found rolled together. These were believed to have been sold in Belfast. ANT 067:009 Royan 1836, 295; OS Memoir Magheramesk 1837; OS Field Report No. 456A; Windele 1861-1862, 28-50; O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol. II, 270-271.

Figure 66: Carnmoney Stone Axe Head (Not in SMR] (after Bigger 1916-1917, 3) CARNMOON: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 70m OD; CS 7; IG 7; C 9700 3800 The OS Memoirs described what would appear to be a Bronze Age Cemetery with cist graves, found on the farm of John Ross in 1838. Two urns containing bone were uncovered ‘about 1ft [30cm] beneath the surface of a small slatey hill…bones were also found in other parts of the hill, but deposited in little vaults sunk in the soil.’ In spite of inquiries among the local inhabitants, including one of the oldest residents in the townland, no-one had ever heard anything about the finds or of the people named Ross in the area. The site has not been precisely located. ANT 007:110

CARNMONEY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 130m OD; CS 57; IG 114; J 3200 8260 This site could also be in Carnmoney Glebe townland. According to the OS Memoirs, an earthen urn was found near ANT 057:001, a medieval church site, containing bones and ashes, 1.9m ‘below the surface in rich black mould’. Aerial photographs show a small enclosure at the correct distance and direction from ANT 057:001, on a small eminence with good views over Belfast Lough. There are no visible remains of the site on the ground. ANT 057:017 OS Memoir Carnmoney, 1839.

CARNSAMPSON: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 123m OD; CS 8; IG 8; D 0810 4062 This site was a burial cairn, which was reported in the OS Memoirs as on the Baily holding and referred to as Knocknahullar. It was noted as Dunfinn on the Irish Grid map. It had been composed of earth and stones and situated on top of an egg-shaped basaltic eminence, which itself was on top of a hillslope, with very good views of Fair Head to the east-north-east and Knocklayd to the east-south-east. It was reported to have measured approximately 2.2m in height and 12m in diameter. It was removed in 1891, when the remains of a cist were discovered and destroyed. In the debris, an urn and cremated bones were found, along with two coin hoards,

CARNMONEY: FLINT KNIFE 120m OD; CS 56; IG 113; J 3200 8250+ A fragment of a flint, plano-convex knife, measuring 4.4cm in length, was reported to have been found 100m north-west of a burial cairn. It was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [428.1962]. The burial cairn referred 53

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND one dating from c. AD 1045 and the other c. AD 975, which had probably been secreted within the burial mound. ANT 008:110 Warner 1975, 89-90.

Knowles Collection. It was formed from a cow’s horn and decorated with dotted zig-zag ornamentation, similar to another horn found at Portglenone. It was thought that the wooden base was secured by pressing it in, while the horn was softened by hot water. It measured 9cm in height and 6.5cm in width at the top, tapering to 5cm at its base. ANT [Not in SMR] Knowles 1909, 1-7.

CARNSTROAN: FLINT ARROWHEAD 200m OD; CS 33; IG 56; D 2100 0600+ A flint, barbed and tanged arrowhead was found at Slemish Mountain and was included in the Fawcett Collection. In 1965 it was purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A124.1965]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1967, 21-40. Figure 67: Carnstroan Arrowhead (Not in SMR) (after Flanagan 1967, 30)

CARNSTROAN: FLINT JAVELIN HEAD 200m OD; CS 33; IG 56; D 2100 0600+ A flint, leaf-shaped javelin head, measuring 6.5cm in length, was found at Slemish Mountain and included in the Fawcett Collection. In 1965 it was purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A160.1965]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1967, 21-40.

Figure 68: Carnstroan Horn Cup (Not in SMR) (after Knowles 1909, 4) CARRAVINDOON: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) & STONE AXE HEAD 20m OD; CS 1; IG 3; D 1508 4815 This site on Rathlin Island is also in Roonivoolin townland. The Reverend Hewson described decorated Neolithic pottery and a polished stone axe, which were found ‘at Ushet Lough, on the south side of the lake’ within the bank of a field boundary, which is also the townland boundary. Estyn Evans collected pottery from the same location. That collection is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT 001:088 Hewson 1936, 154-172; Evans, 1945, 14-32.

CARNSTROAN: FLINT FLAKES (2) 200m OD; CS 33; IG 56; D 2100 0600+ Two worked flint flakes were found here and donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [811, 814.1963]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan and Seaby 1965, 102-116. CARNSTROAN: BRONZE AXE HEAD 200m OD; CS 33; IG 56; D 2100 0600+ A bronze palstave axe head was reported to have been found here and became part of the Keiller-Knowles Collection. It is now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

CARRAVINDOON: FLINTS 20m OD; CS 1; IG 3; D 1527 4783 This field on Rathlin Island has produced late Mesolithic flint scatter. Local inhabitants, Tommy Cecil found some here and more recently, Paddy Burns found more flint scatter in the same field. He has also reported the discovery of a hearth, eroding out of an area at the southern point of the field. ANT 001:089

CARNSTROAN: BRONZE SWORD & CHISEL 200m OD; CS 33; IG 56; D 2100 0600+ A bronze leaf-shaped sword was reported to have been found in a bog near Slemish. It was recorded in the Knowles Collection, but its current location is unknown. A bronze trunnion chisel was also found near Slemish and was detailed within the Knowles Collection. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

CARRAVINDOON: ASSEMBLAGE 20m OD; CS 1; IG 3; D 1567 4901 Small scale excavations took place here in 2004 at the site of a complex of field boundaries, enclosures and circular huts. Finds included Neolithic and Bronze Age pottery and Neolithic flint tools. ANT [Not in SMR] Moore and McConkey 2004.

CARNSTROAN: DRINKING VESSEL 200m OD; CS 33/34; IG 56; D 2100 0600+ Around 1870, a square horn drinking cup was reported to have been found in a bog near Slemish Mountain, which is also known as Slieve Mish. It is currently held in the 54

INVENTORY CARRICKFERGUS: FLINT FLAKES (14) 15m OD; CS 52; IG 98; J 4150 8750+ Fourteen flint flakes were recovered here and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 214227.1962]. All showed signs of rolling and retouching. ANT [Not in SMR] Lucas 1964, 85-104. CARRICKFERGUS: STONE AXE HEAD 12m OD; CS 52; IG 98; J 4023 8695 This was the site of a Premonstratensian Abbey, also referred to as Woodburne Abbey. It was dedicated to Holy Trinity and built in 1326 to replace the original priory, which was founded near the church of St. Mary in Carrickfergus. The abbey was dissolved in 1542, when the abbot and community retired to Islandmagee. The buildings were partly demolished after 1558. Nothing now remains of the abbey, the site of which is now under lawns, a carpark and an access road. A stone axe head was reported to have been found here. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Mahr 1930, 73-78.

Plate 16: Carravindoon Flints (Not in SMR) (after Moore and McConkey 2004, 18) **CARRICKFERGUS: FLINTS 10m OD; CS 52; IG 98; J 4143 8725 Carrickfergus Castle is well known as a medieval fortress, but recent excavations have found a significant number of worked flints of Neolithic and Bronze Age date, indicating that the promontory had been occupied throughout the prehistoric period. ANT 052:059 Ó Néill and Logue 2002; Welsh 2008; Welsh 2011(a); Ó Baoill 2017-2018, 155-161.

CARRICKFERGUS: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) 10m OD; CS 53; IG 98; J 4100 8720 Sherds of Neolithic pottery were found here and became part of the Adams Collection. Pottery types were identified as globular bowls and necked vessels. The sherds are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT 052:148 Herity 1982, 247-404.

CARRICKFERGUS: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 52; IG 98; J 4120 8779 This site was occupied by a disused church and church halls. They had been built in 1883 and 1969 respectively and were situated on the corner of West Street and Albert Street. These were demolished, prior to the beginning of monitoring on the site. Monitoring of the level reduction and also excavation of pile caps and beams revealed archaeological material, dating from the Mesolithic through to the post-Medieval period. Several Mesolithic knapped flints were recovered from the raised beach deposits, which covered much of the southern half of the site. ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2008.

CARRICKFERGUS: ASSEMBLAGE 15m OD; CS 52; IG 98; J 4137 8739 A second season of excavation took place at a site adjacent to St Nicholas’ Church, in the centre of Carrickfergus in 2011. The investigations were carried out, in advance of the construction of an electricity substation. Over two seasons, the remains of twelve skeletons were excavated, suggesting that the medieval graveyard, which was associated with St Nicholas’ Church, originally extended further into Market Place. The most surprising discovery made was of large amounts of both Mesolithic and Neolithic worked flint and hammer stones, along with some pottery sherds. This would suggest the presence of prehistoric settlement, which had been disturbed during medieval times. ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2011.

CARRICKFERGUS: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 52; IG 98; J 4020 8690 This site was located at the former Courtaulds Factory site and revealed raised beach deposits, at a depth of 0.7m below present ground level. These deposits contained water-rolled struck flints, which were retained for inspection and later identified, as residual waterrolled flint of later Mesolithic date. A separate small deposit of black silty clay, with frequent charcoal flecks was uncovered c.1.5m below present ground level. As uncovered, the deposit measured 2.7m north/south, 2.3m east/west and 0.1m in thickness. It continued beyond the southern limit of excavation. The deposit overlaid a raised beach deposit and underlaid a layer of dark brown sand. This sand underlaid a number of sandy/ gravelly deposits, from which a number of water-rolled flints were recovered. It is likely that these are also later Mesolithic in date. Four small pieces of burnt bone were also recovered from this deposit. ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2010.

CARRICKFERGUS: BRONZE AXE HEAD & PIN 15m OD; CS 52; IG 98; J 4150 8750+ A bronze, decorated flanged axe head was reported to have been found at the site of the post office in Carrickfergus. It formed part of the Robb Collection and is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. A bronze sunflower pin was also reported to have been found here and recorded in the Knowles Collection. It is also held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. 55

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND CARRICKFERGUS: BRONZE RAZOR 15m OD; CS 52; IG 98; J 4150 8750+ A bronze razor was reported to have been found here. It measured 8.2cm in length, 2.9cm in width and is ovalshaped, with a narrow tang. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 545.1924]. ANT [Not in SMR] Kavanagh 1991, 77-104. CARRICKFERGUS: DRINKING VESSEL 15m OD; CS 52; IG 98; J 4150 8750+ This wooden tankard was found in a bog at Carrickfergus. ‘It was stave-built. Its base is a lathe-turned wooden disc and its body formed of nine staves joined by the tongueand-groove technique and held in place by a broad band of bronze around the upper exterior. It has one sheet bronze loop handle, with a decorated D-shaped escutcheon above bearing engraved curvilinear ornament’ (Waddell 1998, 323). ANT [Not in SMR] Waddell 1998, 323-324.

Figure 70: Carrickfergus Horn (Not in SMR) (after MacAdam 1860, Pl. 2) CARRICKFERGUS: FLINTS 20m OD; CS 52; IG 98; J 4150 8760 A number of flints were uncovered during an excavation, under the town wall at Joymount Gardens in Carrickfergus. These were thought to date from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. They were patinated in a black colour, due to the presence of manganese dioxide within the soils. ANT [Not in SMR] Jope 1950, 61-65; Collins and Jope 1951, 65.

Figure 69: Carrickfergus Tankard (Not in SMR) (after Waddell 1998, 324) CARRICKFERGUS: BRONZE HORNS (3) 15m OD; CS 52; IG 98; J 4150 8750+ A bronze horn, described as a trumpet, was reported to have been found in the early eighteenth century, during the destruction of a mound ‘near Carrickfergus’. There are reports of a destroyed mound barrow near to another at Ballyhill (ANT 047:013), which may be the one referred to. The account states that three horns were found, but two were taken to England. The remaining horn measured 46cm in length and 10m in diameter at the larger opening, with the smaller opening almost closed. There was an aperture in the shaft for blowing into and when this was attempted, gave ‘a dull, uncouth, heavy sound that cannot be heard at any great distance’ (Molyneaux 1726, 197). ANT [Not in SMR] Boate and Molyneaux 1726; MacAdam 1860, 99-110.

Figure 71: Carrickfergus Flints (Not in SMR) (after Collins and Jope 1951, 65) CARRICKFERGUS: POTTERY (IRON AGE) 10m OD; CS 53; IG 98; J 4121 8735 Two sherds of Roman Samian Ware pottery were found here. This is usually dated to the first and second centuries AD. One sherd was found during excavations in 1975 and the other found during a later excavation. The sherds are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM CF.IV.467.1]. ANT 052:148 Simpson 1980, 106. CARRIVCASHEL: STONE AXE HEAD 120m OD; CS 13; IG 23; D 0600 2950+ A mudstone axe head was reported to have been found 56

INVENTORY at Carrowcashel, in Loughguile. Its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Evans 1945, 14-32.

[NMI 247.1962]. It measured 5.9cm in length, 2.8cm in width and 0.8cm in thickness. A flint blade was also found here and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 787.1962]. A leaf-shaped arrowhead was also found here and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 418.1959]. ANT [Not in SMR] Lucas et al. 1961, 43-107; Prendergast and Lucas 1962, 139173; Lucas 1964, 85-104.

CARRIVEMURPHY: BRONZE DAGGER & FLINT ARROWHEAD 300m OD; CS 20; IG 45; D 2700 2300+ A bronze dagger was reported to have been found here, along with a barbed and tanged flint arrowhead. Both are currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1903:6]. ANT [Not in SMR] Buick 1895, 41-63; Harbison 1968, 58.

CASTLEQUARTER: BRONZE AXE HEADS (2) 130m OD; CS 18; IG 33; D 0600 2400+ A bronze flat axe head was reported to have been found at Loughguile, which is a parish containing sixty-one townlands. However, the findspot may be Lough Guile itself, which is in Castlequarter townland. It formed part of the Knowles Collection, but its current location is unknown. A bronze palstave axe head was reported in the OS Memoirs to have been found here. It is held in private ownership. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

CARROWLAVERTY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 107m OD; CS 13; IG 15; D 0755 3146 This site is located on pasture, which rises to the east. The site was marked as Urns found AD 1902 on third and fourth edition maps. Local residents are aware of these finds, which are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. No other features have been noted, in the course of farming in this location. There are no visible traces on the ground. ANT 013:019

CASTLETOWN: FLINTS 92m OD; CS 47; IG 84; J 4831 9360 These artefacts were discovered in a rough, undulating field, which rises at the north and south, with good views from east through south-west to west. The site is marked flints in red on the 6-inch HED field sheet. No further information is currently available. ANT 047:059

CARROWLAVERTY: BRONZE AXE HEAD 100m OD; CS 13; IG 15; D 0750 3150+ A bronze palstave axe head was reported in the OS Memoirs to have been found here. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

*CHURCH QUARTER: ASSEMBLAGE 10m OD; CS 1; IG 3; D 1452 5110 This site on Rathlin Island, at St Thomas’s Church is currently scheduled as a ‘modern parish church on earlier site, with stone-lined graves’. A small-scale excavation here in 2006, in advance of an extension to the graveyard, revealed evidence of prehistoric habitation during the late Mesolithic, early Neolithic and early Bronze Ages. ANT 001:023 Gormley et al. 2009, 64-101.

*CASTLE PARK: FLINTS 8m OD, CS 15; IG 17; D 2497 3346 Castle Carra stands on an outcrop of rock, overlooking Cushendun Bay. Excavations, on the interior of the castle in 2002, uncovered a series of infant burials, indicating the site had once been used as a Killeen. Evidence was also uncovered for a phase of late medieval metal working on the site. It had also been used for flint working in the late Mesolithic period. Outside the structure, a one metre wide trench was opened, close to the north-west wall. It exposed layers of sandy loams, separated by irregular deposits of stones, similar to those uncovered in 2002. Once again they yielded quantities of flint blades, flakes, cores and debitage suggestive of a late Mesolithic date. A site visit by the National Trust noted drainage ditches had been recently excavated, north-west of the castle. All six trenches had been excavated through topsoil and subsoil. The only artefact found in the whole area was a piece of struck flint in up-cast soil from Trench 3. ANT 015:014 OS Memoirs Culfeightrin, 1831 and 1835; OS Field Report No. 120; O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol. IV, 528; Chart 1940, 17; McNeill 1983, 101-128; Hurl and Murphy 1996, 20-23; Excavations.ie, 2002; 2004.

Figure 72: Church Quarter Pottery (ANT 001:023) (after Gormley et al. 2009, 67)

CHURCHTOWN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 48m OD; CS 9; IG 9; D 1391 3980 This site is the poorly-preserved remains of a long, narrow church, which is orientated east-north-east/west-southwest and set on an almost level platform. There are no visible remains of a graveyard, although bones have been discovered around the church. Also, there are no

CASTLEGORE: FLINTS (3) 140m OD; CS 38; IG 81; J 1800 9850+ A pear-shaped, flint implement was found here and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin 57

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND visible remains of a possible enclosure noted on aerial photographs, as a sub-rectangular cropmark, with the church in the centre. The church is rectangular. The west gable is now a mound of rubble. A vase food bowl was reported to have been found within a cist here. ANT 009:030 OS Memoirs, Fegan 1838; ApSimon 1969, 61.

Gray 1883-1884, 354-367; O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol. IV, 331-332; Borlase 1897, Vol. 1, 258-259; Chart 1940, 4-5; OS Field Reports, Antrim No. 26. CLEGNAGH [BALLINTOY]: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 92m OD; CS 4; IG 7; D 0300 4300 This site is currently classified in the SMR as cist burials, but it is more likely to be a flat cemetery. It was reported in the OS Memoirs as ‘contiguous to this cave (ANT 004:073) and on a small hill were discovered from time to time several squares of paved causeways with flat stones standing at each end…and the space between these about the size of ordinary graves…beneath (the stones) a quantity of decayed bones, pieces of earthen urns, timber cinders and moist black earth.’ The current landowner knew nothing about any cists, bones or urns being found on his land. The site, which has not been located, has probably been destroyed. ANT 004:085

CLADY: BATTLE AXE HEAD 70m OD; CS 15; IG 16/17; D 2200 3200+ This diorite battle axe head was recovered from Clady. It has been classified as being from the Early Series (early Bronze Age) by Derek Simpson. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Simpson 1990, 18.

CLEGNAGH [BALLINTOY]: ASSEMBLAGE 92m OD; CS 4; IG 7; D 0248 4374 This site was uncovered, prior to the proposed development of a residential dwelling. The proposed development site is located in an archaeologically sensitive area, with Neolithic and Bronze Age burial sites, within the immediate vicinity. A large assemblage of lithic artefacts, including cores, flakes and retouched tools, was recovered from topsoil deposits in all trenches. An area of burning was also encountered and this revealed numerous sherds of late Bronze Age pottery, analogous with Flat-rimmed Ware, recovered during excavations at Haughey’s Fort, in County Armagh. As this feature was deemed to be of archaeological significance, excavation ceased at this level and the feature was covered with a protective membrane and loose topsoil. ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2009

Figure 73: Clady Battle Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Simpson 1990, 18-19)

CLADY: STONE BATTLE AXE HEAD 70m OD; CS 15; IG 16/17; D 2200 3200+ This stone battle axe head was recovered from Clady. It has been classified as being from the Late or Bann Series (early Bronze Age) by Derek Simpson. It is currently held at the British Museum in London [BM St.134n]. ANT [Not in SMR] Simpson 1990, 35. CLARE: FLINTS 51m OD; CS 4; IG 8; D 1050 4210 This collection of twelve flints included scrapers, spear points, blades and Bann flakes. They were discovered, during fieldwalking by J. Marshall in 1989, in a field to the rear of Clare Park mansion. A mound was also observed in the field, to the east of the flint finds. The flints were considered as late Mesolithic or early Neolithic in date. ANT 004:077

CLEGNAGH [GRANGE OF DRUMTULLAGH]: ASSEMBLAGE 62m OD; CS 8; IG 14; D 0210 3550 This site is in a slight hollow, at the foot of a south-eastfacing slope. When the field was ploughed in the 1980s, scatters of flint were collected by the landowner. During the digging of drainage trenches, several Neolithic artefacts were discovered. These included a saddle quern, a polished stone axe, some hollow and end-scrapers and pottery sherds. There are now no visible remains of any antiquities in the area. The polished stone axe, which according to the owner was not porcellanite and also the flints are now in the possession of Mr John Marshall. The pottery could not be located. A porcellanite pin was found in a field to the south-south-east, but it too cannot be located. The number and type of finds and also the fact that they were all discovered in one area would suggest that this was a settlement site. ANT 008:171

*CLEGNAGH [BALLINTOY]: ASSEMBLAGE 123m OD; CS 4; IG 7; D 0248 4363 This is a passage tomb, also known as Clegnagh Cromlech and is situated on the edge of a ridge, close to a disused quarry. This is a single-chambered tomb, which faces west-north-west and overlooks White Park Bay. The chamber is entered through two portals, measuring 0.9m and 0.8m in height and has single side stones and simple walling, closing the rear. The cairn shape is no longer visible, but three large basaltic stones may be the remains of a circular kerb at the south. The passage may have been removed by the quarry. Flints, including a hollow scraper and sherds of Lyles Hill pottery were found here. ANT 004:012

CLOGH GALDANAGH: FLINT ARROWHEADS (8) 100m OD; CS 27; IG 43; D 0900 1400+ Eight flint arrowheads were found here and became part of the Fawcett Collection. They included four leaf-shaped 58

INVENTORY CLOGH MILLS: FLINT ARROWHEADS (2) 100m OD; CS 23; IG 43; D 0600 1800+ A flint, hollow-based arrowhead was found here and donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [768.1963]. It measured 4cm in length. A lozenge-shaped arrowhead was also found here. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 445.1959]. ANT [Not in SMR] Lucas et al. 1961, 43-107; Flanagan and Seaby 1965, 102116.

arrowheads, three hollow-based and one barbed and tanged type. In 1965 they were purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1967, 21-40. CLOGH GALDANAGH: FLINT KNIFE 100m OD; CS 27; IG 43; D 0900 1400+ A flint, plano-convex knife, measuring 5.5cm in length, was found here. In 1962 it was purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [230.1962]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1964, 73-95.

CLOGHANMURRY: STONE AXE HEAD 80m OD; CS 8; IG 15; D 0840 3750 A gritty mudstone axe head was reported to have been found at Cloghanmurry Public Elementary School, within the ashes of a turf fire. It seems the axe head had been included in a lump of turf, when it had been cut from the bog. ANT [Not in SMR] Evans 1945, 14-32.

CLOGH GALDANAGH: FLINTS 100m OD; CS 27; IG 43; D 0900 1400+ Eight flint scrapers, two arrowheads, two knives and a flake were found here. They became part of the Fawcett Collection. In 1966 they were purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan et al. 1968, 33-52.

CLOGHFIN: ASSEMBLAGE 120m OD; CS 47; IG 84; J 4781 9370 Whilst moving earth, in the course of building a green at Muldersleigh Hill golf course, a large number of flints were collected. Two complete porcellanite axes and one fragment were also found. They were quite small, measuring less than 10cm in length. The flints included two scrapers and several waste flakes. There were also a number of large, wide flakes, which are characteristic of the Larnian Mesolithic industries. These were mostly untrimmed, but some had evidence of a little trimming. Later fieldwork uncovered sherds of plain and decorated Neolithic pottery, flint scrapers and a lozenge-shaped arrowhead. ANT 047:049 Herity 1982, 247-404.

CLOGH GALDANAGH: STONE AXE HEAD 100m OD; CS 27; IG 43; D 0900 1400+ A porcellanite axe head was reported to have been found here and is currently held in private ownership. ANT [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-60. CLOGH GALDANAGH: BRONZE SPEARHEADS (3) 100m OD; CS 27; IG 43; D 0900 1400+ Three bronze spearheads were reported to have been found here. One is now held at the British Museum in London, the second is held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin and the location of the third is currently unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. CLOGH MILLS: BRONZE AXE HEAD 100m OD; CS 23; IG 43; D 0600 1800+ A bronze, flat axe head was reported to have been found here and formed part of the Evans Collection. It is now held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. CLOGH MILLS: WOODEN BOWL 100m OD; CS 23; IG 43; D 0600 1800+ This elegantly carved wooden bowl was found at Clogh Mills. It had one handle and has been radiocarbon dated to 174 BC – AD 134. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 415:1935]. ANT [Not in SMR] Earwood 1989-1990, 37-44; Waddell 1998, 323-324.

Plate 17: Cloghfin Flints (ANT 047:049) CLOGHFIN: BRONZE AXE HEAD 120m OD; CS 47; IG 84; J 4700 9300+ A bronze, trunnion axe head, measuring 13.6cm in length, was reported to have been found in a field here in 1918. It had a slender, tapering body, with a slightly expanded cutting edge. It has been classified as of Eoghan’s Bishopsland Phase. It is now in private ownership. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1980, 21-27.

Figure 74: Clogh Mills Bowl (Not in SMR) (after Earwood 1989-1990, 38). 59

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND CLOGHS: COPPER AXE HEAD 350m OD; CS 20; IG 24; D 1900 2650+ A copper flat axe head was reported to have been found here. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

Figure 75: Cloghfin Bronze Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Flanagan 1980, 22)

CLOGHY EAST: FLINT ARROWHEADS (2) 80m OD; CS 15/16; IG 24; D 2150 2950+ A flint, petit tranchet derivative arrowhead, measuring 6.3cm in length, was found ‘in Cloghy E/W’. These are two separate townlands, so the findspot could be in either. It was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [798.1963]. A leaf-shaped flint arrowhead was also found here. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 808.1961]. ANT [Not in SMR] Prendergast and Lucas 1963, 115-133; Flanagan and Seaby 1965, 102-116. CLONEY: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) & FLINTS 15m OD; CS 29; IG 45; D 3075 1556 This site is situated on a raised beach, overlooking Glenarm Bay. There are now no visible remains of this Mesolithic and Neolithic habitation site, which was excavated in 1934 by the Harvard Irish Society and again in 1966 by Peter Woodman. Pottery included sherds of Western Neolithic and Sandhills Ware. ANT 029:048 Movius 1937, 181-220; Woodman 1966.

*CLOGHS: STONE AXE HEADS (8) 362m OD; CS 19; IG 24; D 1939 2677 Tievebulliagh Mountain is the site of a porcellanite outcrop, exploited during the Neolithic period, to make polished stone axe heads. It is thought that works here produced rough-outs, which were taken elsewhere for final shaping and polishing. A vast amount of rough-outs and flakes have been found here for many years and some are held within museum collections. Four rough-outs of stone axe heads were presented to the Armagh County Museum by the Very Reverend Carmody of Downpatrick. One measured 11.4cm in length, 7.6cm in width and 6.9cm in thickness. The second measured 10.1cm in length, 5cm in width and 2.8cm in thickness. The third measured 13.3cm in length, 6.9cm in width and 3.8cm in thickness. The fourth measured 14.9cm in length, 5.7cm in width and 2.8cm in thickness. Four others and several flakes became part of the W.A. Green Collection. They were purchased in 1959 by the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT 019:012 Flanagan 1960, 41-60; Addyman 1965; Weatherup 1978, 29.

Figure 76: Cloney Flints (ANT 029:048) (after Movius 1937, 192)

Plate 18: Cloghs [Tievebulliagh] Axe Factory (ANT 019:012) 60

INVENTORY COLLINWARD: FLINT ARROWHEAD & AWL 368m OD; CS 56; IG 113; J 3185 8030 A flint, hollow-based triangular arrowhead was found here and became part of the Fawcett Collection. In 1965 it was purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A88.1965]. A flint awl or borer was also found and donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [458.1962]. ANT 056:015 Flanagan 1964, 73-95; Flanagan 1967, 21-40.

here. It is currently held in private ownership. ANT [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-60. CONNOR: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 100m OD; CS 44; IG 81; J 1538 9644 This Irish Bowl was found within a rath, which is situated in good pasture, with a poorly-preserved circular earthen bank just visible, but encircled by a well-defined ditch. This is in turn encircled by a low, but clearly visible outer bank, which has been spread by ploughing. The bowl was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 1911.317]. ANT 044:011 ApSimon 1969, 59.

COLLINWARD: BRONZE HALBERD 360m OD; CS 56; IG 113/114; J 3180 8030+ A bronze halberd, measuring 28.9cm in length, was found here. It had a long, triangular blade, with pronounced midrib and with a curve on the long axis. It was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [847.1963]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1965, 102-116.

CONNOR: DRINKING VESSEL 100m OD; CS 38; IG 82; J 1500 9600+ A soapstone drinking cup was found here in 1879. It became part of the Knowles Collection. It was carved from a single block of soapstone, complete with one handle. It measured 6.5cm in height and 9cm in diameter at the mouth. It was ornamented with zig-zag decoration on the top surface and a horizontal line below the top. The interior was crudely carved out. ANT [Not IN SMR] Knowles 1909, 1-7.

Figure 78: Connor Stone Cup (Not in SMR) (after Knowles 1909, 4) Figure 77: Collinward Halberd (Not in SMR) (after Flanagan 1965, 117)

CONNOR: BRONZE AXE HEADS (4) 100m OD; CS 38; IG 82; J 1500 9600+ Three decorated and one three-ribbed bronze axe heads were recovered from near Connor, County Antrim, in 1881. Three have been described as of the Ballyvalley Type by Harbison. They are currently held at the British Museum in London [WG. 1542-1544 & 1586]. ANT [Not IN SMR] Hodges 1956, 29-56; Harbison 1968-1969, 46.

COMMONS: BRONZE AXE HEAD 270m OD; CS 46; IG 98; J 3600 9200+ A bronze flanged axe head was reported to have been found at Commons, Carrickfergus. It formed part of the Knowles Collection, but its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

COOLMAGHRA: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 135m OD; CS 4; IG 8; D 0700 4300 This was reported in the OS Memoirs as in the ‘holding of Archie McCaw, there is a supposed headstone 2ft [0.6m] high…at the base of the stone were found in 1822 a quantity of decayed human bones. Contiguous to the above stone were also found in 1822 an earthen crock containing bones and ashes. It was deposited in a stone building, and covered by a flat stone, but broken in lifting it out’. Despite extensive enquiries in the townland, the site of these burials and headstone could not be located. The site has probably been destroyed. ANT 004:105

COMMONS: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 270m OD; CS 46; IG 98; J 3600 9200+ Part of a tripartite urn was reported to have been found here. There are many prehistoric monuments in this townland, including three burial cairns and a mound barrow. The pottery is held at the British Museum in London. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. CONNOR: STONE AXE HEAD 100m OD; CS 44; IG 81; J 1500 9600+ A porcellanite axe head was reported to have been found 61

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND CORKERMAIN: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 100m OD; CS 35; IG 35; D 3580 0745 A bronze spearhead, with lunate openings in the blades, was reported to have been found at Cairncastle, which is probably Carncastle. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan and Seaby 1965, 102-116. CRAIG: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 80m OD; CS 7; IG 7; C 9660 3870 The OS Memoirs records several monuments close to one another. These include a cairn, measuring 13.8m in length and 9m in width, formerly described as being 36m in diameter. To the north-east of this was ‘an enclosure 21yds [18m] in length by 4ft [1.2m] wide, formed by short stone columns, across part of which reclined a large canopy stone or cromlech. It was 9ft [2.7m] long and 1’6” [0.5m] thick.’ Beneath the badly damaged cairn, were found more than twenty urns, varying in size and containing bone. About 30 yards [27m] north-east of the cairn stood two standing stones, but these had already been destroyed, when the OS Memoirs were written. ANT 007:093

CORKY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & BRONZE DAGGER 123m OD; CS 18; IG 33; D 1000 2300 This was reported by Knowles in 1889, as an urn found ‘a few years ago in a cist in the townland of Corky’. However, he did not specify which one of the four townlands, called Corky, was the site where this cist was discovered. Enquiries were made with local informants and with landowners in Corkey North, Love’s Corkey, Corkey Middle and Corkey South or Little, but it was not possible to locate the site of the cist and bowl. Knowles also mentioned that a bronze dagger and several human bones and teeth were found with the cist and bowl. The artefacts are held at Cambridge University Museum [24.1331 B & 24. 1331 C]. ANT 018:026 Knowles 1889, 109-110 and 1895, 98.

CRAIGANEE: FLINT ARROWHEAD 200m OD; CS 4; IG 8; D 0500 4300+ A flint, barbed and tanged arrowhead, measuring 3cm in length, was found here. It was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [353.1960]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1963, 105-111. *CRAIGAROGAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 92m OD; CS 51; IG 113; J 2704 8421 These urns were recovered from a wedge tomb, which is also known as Carn Greine, Grania’s Grave and Granny’s Grave. According to the OS Memoirs, the tomb ‘was enclosed by two circles of standing stones 2-3ft [0.6m – 0.9m] high…now destroyed.’ According to Waddell (1990), an encrusted urn was found inverted over the cremated bones of one adult, probably female. Several urns were reportedly found, during the removal of a circle of stones around the tomb. One of these urns is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 828:1914]. ANT 051:040 O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol. III, 14; Gray 1883-1884, 354367; OS Memoir Templepatrick, 1838, 34 and 75; Borlase 1897, Vol. 1, 268-269 and 253; Hobson and Hobson 1907, 85; Chart 1940, 47; Watson 1945, 104 No. 75; Evans Field Notebook II, 58; OS Field Report No. 359; ApSimon 1969, 61; Kavanagh 1973, 507-617; Waddell 1990, 45.

Figure 79: Corky Bowl and Dagger (ANT 018:026) (after Knowles 1895, 98) *CORVALLY: FLINTS 123m OD; CS 14; IG 16; D 1336 3475 A standing stone lies in a field within the Glenshesk Valley, having been toppled by a bull. It originally stood on a low rise, measuring 17m in diameter and standing 0.3m high. During site visits, flint scrapers and a blade were found nearby. The mound was excavated prior to reerection of the stone. It was found to be Neolithic in date. The stone socket was cut into this mound at a later date. The stone was re-erected and secured with concrete. ANT 014:006 OS Field Reports, Antrim No. 112. CORVALLY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 120m OD; CS 14; IG 16; D 1300 3450+ This site was reported by O’Laverty and described as ‘three earthen urns filled with calcined bones and ashes reported.’ This site has not been precisely located. ANT [Not in SMR] O’Laverty IV 1878-1895, 428; Waddell 1990, 45. CORVALLY: FLINT FLAKE 120m OD; CS 14; IG 16; D 1300 3450+ A worked flint flake was found here and donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [819.1963].

Figure 80: Craigarogan Urn (ANT 051:040) (after Kavanagh 1973, 577) 62

INVENTORY CRAIGDUNLOOF: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 190m OD; CS 24; IG 44; D 1600 1700 This was reported by Benn, following the discovery of a cist burial, during sand extraction work. It was described as ‘a large urn with stone enclosure; it was broken into many pieces, but all are carefully preserved…there was no indication on the surface, below which it had been sunk about two feet [0.6m], in a round hole made in the subsoil. It was a large fine urn, ornamented in the usual way. Its contents were singular, consisting of a large quantity of powdered bones…there appeared to be a much larger quantity of this matter than would be produced from the bones of one body.’ ANT [Not in SMR] Benn 1862, 101-102.

**CRAIGS: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 185m OD; CS 22; IG 42; C 9792 1755 This is a court tomb, also known as The Broad Stone. This is situated on a basaltic plateau, which is covered in blanket bog on Long Mountain, some 200m east-north-east of a low summit. Set within a small oval cairn is a court tomb with the remains of a full court, forming the façade to a gallery, which faces south-south-east. Two tall portals, separated by a septal stone give access to the gallery, which is divided into three chambers. The cairn is oval and small, but the presence of kerbstones at north and east, indicates it retains its original outline. Gray reportedly found ‘cinerary urns’ here, which are now lost. ANT 022:023 OS Memoir Finvoy, 1835, 19; Gray 1883-1884, 354-367; O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol. IV, 66, 77 and 84; Crawford 1906, 83-85; Evans and Gaffikin 1935, 246-247; Chart 1940, 22; Evans Field Notebook VI, 6-7; OS Field Report No. 150.

CRAIGDUNLOOF: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 190m OD; CS 24; IG 44; D 1600 1700 This urn was uncovered by Benn, following the discovery of a cist burial. He described it as being located, a few feet from the cist in a ‘round hole in the subsoil, and in it three or four large pieces of another urn mixed with earth, as if thrown in carelessly.’ ANT [Not in SMR] Benn 1862, 101-102. CRAIGFAD: STONE AXE HEAD 150m OD; CS 5; IG 9; D 1750 4200+ A stone axe head was reported to have been found here. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Mahr 1930, 73-78.

Plate 19: Craigs Court Tomb (ANT 022:023)

CRAIGMACAGAN: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 1; IG 3; D 1523 5016 This site on Rathlin Island is also within the townland of Kinkeel. A large number of flints were found, during fieldwalking over ploughed land. The field is almost two square hectares and is situated above Mill Bay, at the same height as the raised beach on this shore. It is entered from the road from Church Bay to Rue Point and is divided eastwest by a large ditch. Fieldwalking was conducted around the perimeter of the field, continuing in circuits toward the centre. The richest area in terms of flint collection was north of the ditch, notably the north-eastern corner (the entrance) and the eastern perimeter. The flint assemblage comprised mainly blades, with some cores. The assemblage would appear to be late Mesolithic or Neolithic in date. ANT 001:102

***CRAIGS: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 154m OD; CS 22; IG 42; C 9740 1728 This is also known as Craig’s Dolmen. This megalithic tomb represents the remains of a passage tomb. It consists of a single oval chamber, which is formed by eight closely set uprights and a capstone, together with what may be interpreted as the remnants of a passage. It was known to have been originally covered by an earthen mound, but this was removed in the mid nineteenth century, when the chamber was explored and a cinerary urn was found. A small excavation was carried out on the site in 1985, to facilitate the re-erection of a fallen stone and also the replacement of the 3.5 ton capstone on to the uprights. In the winter of 1976-1977, frost had shattered the basaltic capstone into five pieces. After the monument was placed in state care, the capstone was mended with steel bars and stone adhesive. Other than a radiocarbon date of 1883-1622 cal BC, the excavation provided little additional evidence about the site, as much of the structure had been removed, during the nineteenth century investigations. However, during the excavation, a cinerary urn was found. ANT 022:024 Gray 1883-1884, 354-367; Borlase 1897, Vol. 1, 265 and fig. 249; Crawford 1906, 83-85; Chart 1940, 22; Evans Field Notebook VI, 8; OS Field Report No. 146; Williams 1987, 129-133.

CRAIGMACAGAN: ASSEMBLAGE 15m OD; CS 1; IG 3; D 1537 5001 This site on Rathlin Island was reported by the landowner, Mr D. McCurdy, during construction work. He observed that an exposed section face contained large amounts of archaeological material. Excavation in 2005 revealed that a large amount of porcellanite chippings, roughouts, flakes of flint and pottery had been dumped here, probably from a nearby production site. Two fragments of pitchstone were also found. ANT 001:103 Logue 2005. 63

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND CRAIGS: BRONZE RAZOR 180m OD; CS 22; IG 42; C 9750 1750+ A bronze razor was reported to have been found here. It is a large specimen, with a distinct hafting area and one large rivet. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 503.1937]. ANT [Not in SMR] Kavanagh 1991, 77-104.

CREBILLY: BRONZE AXE HEAD 110m OD; CS 33; IG 68; D 1400 0200+ A bronze flat axe head was reported to have been found here and formed part of the Knowles Collection. Its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. CREBILLY: AMBER NECKLACE 110m OD; CS 33; IG 68; D 1400 0200+ A necklace of 33 amber beads was found ‘in peat at Craigbilly’ and donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [621.1924]. These are similar to another necklace found at Kurin, County Londonderry and it is thought to date to the late Bronze Age. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1964, 73-95.

Figure 81: Craigs Razor (Not in SMR) (after Kavanagh 1991, 89)

CREENAGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 30m OD; CS 67; IG 164; J 1800 6100 This site is recorded in the OS Memoirs as ‘a piece of ground supposed to have been an ancient burial ground… in 1834 there was discovered…an ancient urn, carved on the surface…burned bones…black earth, timber, cinders, dross and parcels of burned soil resembling brick or crockery…a quantity of large stones of different sizes and large flat stones over the latter.’ This site cannot now be located and was probably destroyed. ANT 067:047 OS Memoir Magheramesk, 1837, 4.

CRAIGS: FLINT ARROWHEADS (2) & STONE AXE HEAD 180m OD; CS 22; IG 42; C 9750 1750+ A flint, lozenge-shaped arrowhead, measuring 3.1cm in length, was found at Craigs and included in the Fawcett Collection. In 1965 it was purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A61.1965]. A tanged arrowhead was also found here and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 465, 468, 533.1959]. A polished stone axe head, also from here, was purchased in 1966 by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A112.1966]. ANT [Not in SMR] Lucas et al. 1961, 43-107; Flanagan 1967, 21-40; Flanagan et al. 1968, 33-52.

CREGGAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 49; IG 95; J 0625 8751 This urn burial was discovered, during ploughing operations, within a gravel bank on the south-west-facing slope of a hill. The findspot was reported by the son of the finder, during local enquiries. It is fully reported by Walmsley in JRSAI Volume 16. The field, in which it was found, is now improved pasture. ANT 049:076 Walmsley 1926, 56-57.

CRAIGYWARREN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 92m OD; CS 32; IG 55; D 1200 0700+ This site was reported by ApSimon (1969) and described as a ‘vase, sherds of collared urn…and “another vessel” recorded from the same site; apparently found with cremated bones.’ This site has not been precisely located, but the urns are held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 4180:K20]. ANT [Not in SMR] ApSimon 1969, 63-64; Waddell 1990, 45.

CREGGAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & BRONZE DAGGER 40m OD; CS 49; IG 95; J 0700 8740 This site was reported by Bigger in 1916, who stated that ‘two perfect urns and the fragments of another were turned out last spring in a gravel pit by James Nimmo…about half a mile from the banks of Lough Neagh.’ They were located about 0.6m below ground level, approximately 1m apart, inverted and resting on stone slabs. They were found to sit over piles of cremated human bones. Also found was a small bronze dagger. One urn was estimated to measure 31cm in height and 28cm in diameter at the mouth. The second urn measured 30cm in height and 32cm in diameter at the mouth. The third urn measured 26cm in height and 27cm in diameter at the mouth. The two larger urns were ornamented ‘in one the upper portion of the vessel is decorated with a diamond pattern, filled with three and four lines, and in the other with a simple herring-bone design.’ The finds are now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1916:6-8].

CREBILLY: COPPER AXE HEAD 110m OD; CS 33; IG 68; D 1400 0200+ A copper flat axe head was reported to have been found here and formed part of the Milligan Collection. It is now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

64

INVENTORY ANT [Not in SMR] Bigger, 1916, 1-8; ApSimon 1969, 64.

ANT [Not in SMR] Hodges 1957, 51-63. CROSS [BALLYMONEY]; FLINT ARROWHEADS (3) & FLAKES (4) 10m OD; CS 16; IG 31; C 9085 2280 Two hollow-based and one leaf-shaped flint arrowhead were found here in 1934. A flint microlith was found at Agivey Bridge by McL May in 1935. It measured 0.2cm in maximum thickness. Another three microliths were found here in 1935 and 1936. ANT [Not in SMR] Batty 1938, 90-94; May 1939, 104-109.

Figure 82: Creggan Urns (Not in SMR) (after Bigger 1916, Pl. 1)

CROSS [BALLYMONEY]: BRONZE AXE HEAD 10m OD; CS 16; IG 31; C 9085 2280 A bronze socketed axe head was reported to have been found in the River Bann, just above Agivey Bridge. It is currently in private ownership. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

CREVILLY-VALLEY: BRONZE HOARD 40m OD; CS 37; IG 80; J 1100 9700+ Although not precisely located, this was a hoard of bronze artefacts, including an axe head, socketed gouge and a tanged chisel, found in this townland, which lies south of Ballymena. The socketed axe head had a rectangular section and vertical ribs. It has been compared to the Yorkshire Type, found in the north of England. The artefacts are held at the British Museum in London [WG/1587]. ANT [Not in SMR] Hodges 1957, 51-63; Waddell 1998, 262-263; Mallory and McNeill 1991, 130.

CROSS [CULFEIGHTRIN]: FLINT SCRAPER 184m OD; CS 5; IG 9; D 1855 4350 An unusually large flint hollow scraper was reported to have been found at the Grey Man’s Path at Fair Head. It measured 6.5cm in length and 6cm in width. Its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1967, 15-16.*CROSS [CULFEIGHTRIN]: HAMMER STONE 123m OD; CS 5; IG 9; D 1724 4263 This site is also known as Doonmore Fort and Crockanacarragh. It is set on a high, rocky knoll, with extensive views all around and is itself conspicuous. The site was excavated by Childe, who found stone walls c.1m thick and remains of bretasche, the imported glazed pot and unglazed local pot of the early Anglo-Norman period. Evans visited the site and found a hammer stone, which had been exposed by illicit digging, at the site after the excavation. ANT 005:007 Evans 1945, 14-32.

Figure 82: Crevilly-Valley Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Waddell 1998, 263)

Figure 83: Cross Hammer Stone (ANT 005:007) (after Evans 1945, 16)

CROAGHMORE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 130m OD; CS 3; IG 7; D 0140 4090 The OS Memoirs refer to ‘decayed urns containing bones and ashes’ recorded as on the same farm as an enclosure (ANT 003:024), which was located to the east of the farm of Neal McCormick. The site is on Croaghmore Hill. ANT 003:102

CROSS [CULFEIGHTRIN]: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 31m OD; CS 5; IG 9; D 1895 4272 These urns were recovered from a megalithic tomb, which is also in Knockbrack townland. This was reported in the OS Memoirs as a cist burial, measuring 2.4m in length and 1.5m in width, containing five urns with burials ‘About 4 furlongs [800m] north-west of the above church (ANT 005:019)…about 1798…but…they crumbled down on being

CROMAGHS: BRONZE HOARD 123m OD; CS 13; IG 15; D 0900 3200+ A bronze hoard, consisting of a socketed axe head, socketed gouge, tanged chisel, bifid razor and sunflower pin, were reportedly found here. They are held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin and also the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [1927.2849]. 65

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND removed.’ The site has not been located and may have been destroyed. ANT 005:024 OS Memoir Culfeightrin, 1838-1839, 39; O’Laverty 18781895, Vol. IV, 489.

[NMI 255, 433, 466, 485, 488.1959]; two hollow-based arrowheads [NMI 468, 470.1959]; a javelin head [NMI 254.1959] and three flint knives [NMI 256, 268, 271.1959]. Two slender and unpolished flint axe heads were found here and formed part of the W.A. Green Collection. In 1959 they were purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast. A flint thumb scraper, measuring 5.4cm in length, was also found here. It formed part of the Tennyson Collection and was purchased by Armagh County Museum [ACM 142-35]. Three sandstone polishers were found here by Professor Movius of Harvard University. They were thought to have been used for polishing axe head rough-outs, which had been initially worked elsewhere. Knowles (1912, p.219) records that a ‘nest of six axes’ was found close to the largest polisher, confirming the final polishing process of stone axe heads was taking place at this site. A stone pick was also found here and is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Knowles 1912, 195-222; Mahr 1930, 73-78; Jope et al. 1952, 39; Flanagan 1960, 41-60; Lucas et al. 1961, 43-107; Prendergast and Lucas 1962, 139-173; Weatherup 1982, 51-71.

CROSS [CULFEIGHTRIN]: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 170m OD; CS 5; IG 9; D 1700 4300 This was reported in the OS Memoirs as a find of ‘2 earthen urns containing calcined bones and ashes’, c.1818. No landholder or details of location are given. Enquiries were made with landowners in this very large townland, but no-one knew of the findspot of these urns, or of any tradition about them. ANT 005:027 OS Memoir Culfeightrin, 1838-1839, 66-67. CROSS KEYS: BRONZE SWORD 55m OD; CS 36; IG 66; J 0160 9650 A bronze leaf-shaped sword was reported to have been found here. It was recorded in the Knowles Collection, but its current whereabouts in unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. CROSSKENNAN: BRONZE AXE HEAD 140m OD; CS 44; IG 96; J 1700 9000+ A bronze socketed axe head was reported to have been found here and formed part of the Adams Collection. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. CUBBINDALL: BRONZE RAPIER 50m OD; CS 12; IG 22; C 9950 2950+ In the OS Memoirs a bronze rapier was reported to have been found here. Its current wheareabouts are unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. CULBANE: ASSEMBLAGE 100m OD; CS 13/18; IG 23; D 0512 2852+ The quarrying of diatomite, also known as diatomaceous earth, used for brick-making at Culbane on the banks of the River Bann during the nineteenth century, revealed a huge assemblage of prehistoric flint and stone artefacts. These were collected by a range of antiquarians, who traded in them and sold them at auctions. The exact findspots were seldom recorded and only a fraction of the details has been published. One of the few, who did publish his findings, was William Knowles, who published extensively in the Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. In recent times, archaeologists have recorded and published their finds. Several examples of the artefacts found are noted here. Many flint artefacts had been found here and some were donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. These include three flint knives [NMI 794-795, 585.1960], a flint core [NMI 584.1960], a flint hollow scraper [NMI 590.1960], three Bann Flakes [NMI 251,252,359.1959]; five leaf-shaped arrowheads [NMI 358,360-364. 1059]; seven lozenge-shaped arrowheads [NMI 296, 302, 450-454.1959]; five tanged arrowheads

Figure 84: Culbane Stone Artefacts (Not in SMR) (after Knowles 1912, Pl. XIX) CULLYBACKEY: FLINT ARROWHEADS (4) 40m OD; CS 32; IG 67; D 0500 0400+ A flint, leaf-shaped arrowhead was found here. It measured 1.7cm in length and was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [354.1960]. Two further arrowheads of petit tranchet derivative type were also found here and purchased by the Ulster Museum in 1966 [A53, A54.1966]. 66

INVENTORY CULNAFAY: ASSEMBLAGE 15m OD; CS 36; IG 79; H 9909 9815 This site, also referred to as Newferry, or Newferry Sites 3, 4 and 5, is within the Parish of Grange of Ballyscullion. It is in improved, low lying, level grassland, on the eastern bank of the River Bann, 80m south of a stream, which forms the parish and townland boundaries. Although not marked on any OS map, this Mesolithic and Neolithic site was excavated by Smith, Morrison and Proudfoot in 1956. Further excavations by Woodman took place in 1970 and 1971. The artefacts recovered included a range of stone and flint tools. The site is 300m north-west of Newferry hamlet, adjacent to Newferry Water Ski Club. ANT 036:004 Evans and Gaffikin 1935, 245; Smith and Collins 1971, 3-25; Woodman 1978, 231-237.

A lozenge-shaped arrowhead was also found here and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 220.1959]. ANT [Not in SMR] Lucas et al. 1961, 43-107; Flanagan 1963, 105-111; Flanagan et al. 1968, 33-52. CULLYBACKEY: STONE AXE HEAD 40m OD; CS 32; IG 67; D 0500 0400+ A partly-polished stone axe head was found here. It measured 9.3cm in length. It was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [356.1960]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1963, 105-111. CULLYBACKEY: COPPER AXE HEAD 40m OD; CS 32; IG 67; D 0500 0400+ A copper, flat axe head was reported to have been found here and became part of the Keiller-Knowles Collection. It is now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

CURRAN AND DRUMALISS: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 40; IG 70; D 4139 0149 This area is known locally as Curran Point. Flint from the Mesolithic period has been found at various times, during the later nineteenth century, on the raised beaches, along the eastern coastline and at Larne itself. In 1935, the Harvard Archaeological Expedition carried out an excavation at Curran Point, revealing Late Larnian material. The area, in which the occupation site was located, is towards the south-eastern end of the small peninsula, close to the scarp of the raised beach. Worked flint can still be found here. ANT 040:043 Cochrane 1905, 318-319; Movius 1953, 7-23; Woodman 1978, 259-264.

CULLYBACKEY: BRONZE GOUGE 40m OD; CS 32; IG 67; D 0500 0400+ A bronze gouge was reported to have been found here and recorded in the Knowles Collection. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. CULMORE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 15m OD; CS 26; IG 42; C 9433 1216 At Portna, in improved grassland, on the eastern bank of the River Bann, this urn burial was discovered by the present owner’s father in 1942. This find was reported by Evans in 1945. The site of the burial, in a sand and gravel mound, has been destroyed. The current owner’s son described the finding of many flints, but sadly none were retained. Patches of burnt earth were also destroyed and the details were not recorded. Apparently, there were no other finds. ANT 026:024 Evans 1945, 39-42.

CURRAN AND DRUMALISS: ASSEMBLAGE 10m OD; CS 40; IG 70; D 4140 0260 This site was uncovered during development work at Larne Harbour. A site assessment identified gravels, which were raised beach deposits up to 4m deep and containing numerous flint artefacts, characteristic of the later Mesolithic period. An assessment in 1999 had uncovered a Bronze Age pit in the north-western corner of the site. After the removal of concrete and hardcore, several more small pits were found, cutting through the uppermost raised beach material. Several large sherds of Bronze Age pottery were recovered from their fills, as was charcoal and some burnt bone. These features did not appear to form a structure and may represent the peripheral remains of a possible larger Bronze Age site, which lies to the immediate north of the area under investigation. The Mesolithic site, when first uncovered, was delineated by heavily charcoal-flecked, sandy soil entirely overlying a spread of stone. On excavation, it became clear that the stones were a deliberately laid surface, two layers deep, to form a slightly raised stone platform. Artefacts, which were recovered from the charcoal soil and the orange sand between the stones, included heavy blades and microliths, burnt bone and a possible pig tooth. Several extensive chipping floors, complete with hammerstones, were also found. Underlying the lower layer of the stone platform were subsoil-cut features, extending 22m east/ west and 18m north/south. These features represent

CULMORE: FLINT FLAKE 15m OD; CS 26; IG 42; C 9400 1200+ A flint flake, measuring 10cm in length, was found at Madden’s Farm and donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [346.1962]. ANT [Not in SMR]. Flanagan 1964, 73-95. CULMORE: BRONZE HALBERD & AXE HEAD 15m OD; CS 26; IG 42; C 9400 1200+ A bronze, flat axe head was reported to have been found here. It is in private ownership. A bronze halberd was also reported to have been found ‘in the River Bann near Kilrea’. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. 67

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND CUSHENDALL: FLINT ARROWHEAD 50m OD; CS 20; IG 25; D 2300 2700+ A flint, barbed and tanged arrowhead was found here and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 588.1961]. ANT [Not in SMR] Prendergast and Lucas 1963, 115-133.

an earlier phase of activity on the site and appear to be independent of the stone platform. Most of the features were centred round a large pit, which measured 3m north–south, 2m east-west and 0.9m in depth. Lithics, characteristic of the earlier Mesolithic period, charred hazelnut shells and a large quantity of fish bones, were retrieved from the heavily charcoal-flecked fills. ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie 1995; 1999; 2000.

CUSHENDALL: STONE AXE HEADS (3) 50m OD; CS 20; IG 25; D 2300 2700+ Two stone axe heads, one made from polished sideritic ironstone and the other of porcellanite, were found here and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 185 & 186.1970]. Part of another porcellanite axe head was also donated [NMI 212.1070]. ANT [Not in SMR] Lucas 1973, 177-213.

CURRAN AND DRUMALISS: FLINTS 10m OD; CS 40; IG 70; D 4150 0180 An archaeological evaluation was carried out in 2009, in relation to a proposed extension of the existing marshalling area, at the southern end of Larne Harbour. This would include lands to the south of the harbour and an area of seabed at Castle Quay within the port. Located beneath modern demolition rubble and garden soil deposits, but associated with relic buried raised beach material, several archaeological deposits, consisting of midden refuse and struck flint, indicated the existence of past coastal occupation, within this area of Larne. The recovery of struck flint indicates a prehistoric date for this activity. The recovery of cattle and goat bones, indicating animal husbandry, suggests a Neolithic or Bronze Age date, rather than of Mesolithic origin. A flint core was recovered here in the 1970s and donated to Armagh County Museum. ANT [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 27; Excavations.ie, 2009.

CUSHENDALL: BRONZE AXE HEADS (2) 50m OD; CS 20; IG 25; D 2300 2700+ A bronze, decorated flat axe head was reported to have been found ‘in a bog near Durrock’. It formed part of the Knowles Collection. Its current location is unknown. A bronze palstave axe head was reported in the OS Memoirs to have been found here. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. CUSHENDUN: FLINTS 10m OD; CS 15; IG 17; D 2475 3250 This site is situated 600m to the west of Cushendun village, on a bend in the Glendun River. It was excavated in 1934 by Hiram Movius, during the third Harvard archaeological expedition to Ireland. The excavation focused on a 15m scarp of deposits, which revealed the post-glacial history of the area. From four levels in these deposits, a large quantity of flint artefacts was recovered. Most of these were classified as Mesolithic, with Neolithic items found within the upper levels. ANT [Not in SMR] Movius et al. 1940/41, 1-84.

CURRAN AND DRUMALISS: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 40; IG 70; D 4134 0150 Archaeological testing was undertaken in 2014 at Curran Point in Larne. A number of flint artefacts, dating to the Mesolithic period, were recovered from the test trenches. These artefacts included blades, butt trimmed Bann flakes, points, scrapers, miscellaneous pieces as well as single-platform cores. A majority of the flints were heavily patinated. Some had been water rolled, especially the larger pieces. These finds are consistent with those found by Movius in 1935 and with other late Mesolithic artefacts, generally found in this particular area. ANT [Not in SMR] Movius 1953; Woodman 1974, 237-258; Excavations.ie, 2014. CURRAN AND DRUMALISS: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 15m OD; CS 40; IG 70; D 4130 0150+ This is also referred to as Carrier Upper. This site was reported by ApSimon (1969), who described it as being ‘in 1935 a cist was found in a road-side quarry; it contained a vase, standing mouth upwards, with a stone on top of it, a “few bones”, and a plano-convex flint knife.’ This site has not been precisely located, but the finds are held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1938:8653]. ANT [Not in SMR] ApSimon 1969, 63; Waddell 1970, 107; Waddell 1990, 46

Plate 20: Cushendun Habitation Site (Not in SMR) (after Movius et al. 1940-1941, 1-84)

68

INVENTORY CUSHENDUN: FLINTS 10m OD; CS 15; IG 17; D 2450 3250+ A flint end scraper was found here and became part of the Fawcett Collection. In 1966 it was purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast. A flint flake with parallel sides, measuring 7.3cm in length and 2.5cm in width, was also reported to be found at Cushendun. It was donated to Armagh County Museum by Mr Stendall of Belfast. A flint knife was also found here and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 814.1960]. ANT [Not in SMR] Prendergast and Lucas 1962, 139-173; Flanagan et al. 1968, 33-52; Weatherup 1978, 26. CUSHENDUN: STONE ADZE 10m OD; CS 15; IG 17; D 2450 3250+ A porcellanite stone adze was reported to have been found here. It was polished only in the area of the cutting edge. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 3812]. ANT [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-60.

Figure 85: Deer Park Farms Axe Heads (ANT 034:005) (after Lynn and McDowell 2011, 114) DEERFIN: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 200m OD; CS 38; IG 68; D 1600 0100+ A bronze spearhead was reported to have been found here and recorded in the Knowles Catalogue. Its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

DEER PARK: COLLECTION 10m OD; CS 62; IG 144; J 0950 6920 A collection of flint artefacts from Lady Bay, Lough Neagh, formed part of the R.C. Davidson Collection, which is now held at Armagh County Museum [150154.61]. The collection includes flint flakes, a core and a scraper. ANT [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1975, 5-24.

DEFFRICK: STONE HAMMER 62m OD; CS 7; IG 14; C 9932 3484 This is the site of a cashel and souterrain, which is also known as Deffrick Castle. It is located on high ground, with extensive views all around. A gabbro, perforated stone hammer was found here and donated to QUB Geography Department. ANT 007:014 Evans 1945, 14-32.

DEER PARK FARMS: STONE AXE HEADS (9) 170m OD; CS 34; IG 57; D 2866 0878 This site is located in improved grassland on a north/ west facing slope, overlooking the Glenarm River to the north/west and overlooked by higher ground from the east/south. This large raised rath was excavated over four seasons (1984-87), in advance of its removal, as part of an agricultural improvement scheme. The rath contained the remains of two souterrains, and at least twenty-five structures, some exceptionally well preserved. The site included a series of enclosed and mounded settlements, remains of associated round wicker houses, and associated material culture, dating from the seventh to tenth centuries AD. There was some evidence for a ring ditch pre-dating the early Christian period. A total of nine prehistoric stone axe heads were recovered, during the excavation. ANT 034:005 Lynn and McDowell 2011.

Figure 86: Deffrick Stone Hammer (ANT 007:014|) (after Evans 1945, 18) DEMESNE [RATHLIN]: ASSEMBLAGE 15m OD; CS 1; IG 3; D 1496 5081 During gravel extraction, several Bronze Age cists were disturbed. Subsequent excavation revealed seven burials (one within a ring ditch), a stone alignment and a shallow gully. Several urns were found, including one similar to a ‘bucket-shaped urn’, which had been found in Ayrshire in 69

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND *DEMESNE [RATHLIN]: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 15m OD; CS 1; IG 3; D 1497 5089 This food vessel was recovered from a cist burial, eroding out of an exposed section of raised beach material, located behind McCuig’s Bar on Rathlin Island. This has also been recorded as Glebe townland (Sloan et al. 2008). Human remains were visible within the cist, through the gaps between the slabs. A food vessel had been placed in the south-eastern corner, just in front of the lower limbs. Two sherds, one from an urn and the other unidentified, were found in this area previously. One is held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 14-20] and the other at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI Hewson Collection]. ANT 001:094 ApSimon 1969, 61; Sloan et al. 2008, 60-71.

Scotland. Also found was a large quantity of flints and a polished stone axe head. ANT 001:044 O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol. IV; Evans Field Notebook X; Collins 1960, 38-39; Warner 1973-1974, 58-70; Wiggins et al. 2000, 47-70.

Plate 21: Demesne Cist Burial (ANT 001:094)

Figure 88: Bowl from Demesne Cist Burial (ANT 001:094) (after Sloan et al. 2008, 67)

Figure 87: Demesne [Rathlin] Pottery (ANT 001:044) (after Wiggins et al. 2000, 58) 70

INVENTORY DEMESNE [KILWAUGHTER]: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) & FLINTS 154m OD; CS 40; IG 70; D 3535 0096 Topsoil monitoring and excavation was carried out at a proposed quarry extension in 2008. The feature was considered to be the peripheral remains of a Neolithic occupation site, the larger part of which lies to the north of the excavated area. A number of artefacts were recovered and consisted primarily of a substantial number of pottery sherds and struck flints. Residue analysis of some of the soil samples from these features identified burnt hazelnut shells and also grains. ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2008.

DERNAVEAGH: BRONZE CAULDRON 110m OD; CS 32; IG 55; D 0900 1800+ A bronze cauldron was reported to have been found ‘in Dirneveagh Bog in 1885, about 5 feet [1.5m] down in the second bank, which would be 10 or 12 feet [3-3.7m] from the original surface, sitting bottom upwards’ (Knowles 1908, 22). It was globular in shape, 46cm wide at the mouth and 59cm at the widest part and 30cm in height. It had a short lip, bent slightly outwards ANT [Not in SMR] Knowles 1908, 22-23. DERRYAGHY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 60m OD; CS 64; IG 146; J 2700 6700 This site is described in the OS Memoirs as ‘found last Spring (1837), about 1ft [0.3m] below the surface, a vault 7ft [2.1m] long by 2ft [0.6m] broad, enclosed by a stone wall and roofed with flat stones 2ft [0.6m] long each.’ According to Waddell (1990), ‘vaults of stonework containing urns filled with bones’, as reported by O’Laverty. This possible cist burial cannot now be located. ANT 064:065 OS Memoir Derryaghy, 1837; Waddell 1990, 46.

DEMESNE [KILWAUGHTER]: FLINT SCRAPER 150m OD; CS 40; IG 70; D 3500 0050+ A flint hollow scraper was reported to have been recovered at Kilwaughter. It measured 5cm in length and 4.1cm in width. It was donated to Armagh County Museum. ANT [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 28. DEMESNE [KILWAUGHTER]: BRONZE AXE HEAD 150m OD; CS 40; IG 70; D 3500 0050+ A bronze flat axe head was reported to have been found here. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

DERRYCLONE: COLLECTION 10m OD; CS 62; IG 163; J 0740 6560 A collection of flint artefacts from Sandy or Bartins Bay, Lough Neagh, formed part of the R.C. Davidson Collection, which is now held at Armagh County Museum [167170.61]. The collection included a hand axe, flint flakes and a scraper. ANT [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1975, 5-24.

DEMESNE [RATHLIN]: FLINTS 10m OD; CS 1; IG 3; D 1500 5050 Sixteen flint flakes and two flint scrapers were found at Church Bay, Rathlin Island. In 1962 they were donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR]. Flanagan 1964, 73-95.

DERRYHIRK: COLLECTION 10m OD; CS 66; IG 163; J 0770 6370 A collection of two flint artefacts, a flake and an implement, from Shan Port, Lough Neagh, formed part of the R.C. Davidson Collection, which is now held at Armagh County Museum [195-196.61]. ANT [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1975, 5-24.

DEMESNE UPPER: POTTERY (UNCLASSIFIED) 62m OD; CS 29; IG 45; D 3037 1519 Monitoring of topsoil stripping was carried out, in advance of a proposed quarry extension at Demesne Quarry, Glenarm. An area, measuring approximately 150m in length and 90m in width, was stripped of topsoil, with the resulting identification of a subsoil-cut pit, within the centre of the stripped area. The terminal end of an enclosure ditch, which extended beyond the western boundary of the stripped area, was also identified. Prehistoric pottery of similar fabric and construction was recovered from both of these features, suggesting a contemporaneous date. Further excavation in 2012 suggested the presence of three further areas of prehistoric occupation. ANT [Not in SMR] Bennett 2011, 13.

DERRYHOLLAGH: BRONZE AXE HEADS (5) & CHISEL 90m OD; CS 49; IG 95; J 0400 8900+ In this townland is an area of bog, which was once known as Lough Ravel. By 1837 the area had dried out. Many artefacts from a variety of time periods have been found here, including five bronze axe heads. These are held by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [205:1937 A-E]. A bronze trunnion chisel was reported to have been found here and recorded in the Day Catalogue. Its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson UJA 1945, 110; Harbison 1968, 55.

DERNAVEAGH: STONE HOARD 110m OD; CS 32; IG 55; D 0900 0800 A hoard of sixteen stone axe heads was reported to have been found in a hollow, within a peat bog here, in 1912. ANT [Not in SMR] Knowles 1912, 195-222; Briggs 1988, 5-20.

DERRYNISK: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 70m OD; CS 67; IG 164; J 1810 6308 This site is reported in the OS Memoirs as an encrusted burial urn and a quantity of cremated bones, ashes and human skulls. The bones appear to be longer than those normally found. All was discovered during quarrying. 71

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND This may be the site of a multiple cist cemetery. There is now no local knowledge of the site. ANT 067:032 OS Memoir Magheramesk, 1837, 15.

base of a thin layer of peat and on decomposed basaltic rock. ANT 060:038 Evans Field Notebook II, 103; Collins 1957, 42-43.

DERVOCK: STONE AXE HEAD 30m OD; CS 12; IG 14; C 9700 3100+ A flat, square-sided porcellanite axe head was reported to have been found here. It is currently held in private ownership. ANT [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-60.

Figure 90: Divis Arrowhead (ANT 060:038) (after Collins 1957, 43)

DERVOCK: BRONZE CAULDRON & SPEARHEAD 30m OD; CS 12; IG 14; C 9700 3100+ A bronze, bucket-shaped cauldron was reported to have been found in a bog near Dervock. It measured 41cm in height, with a diameter of 47cm at the mouth. It was donated to the collection of the Public Art Gallery and Museum in Belfast. A bronze spearhead was also found here. It is now held at the British Museum in London. ANT [Not in SMR] Armstrong 1924, 110; Watson 1945, 80-119.

DIVIS: POTTERY (UNCLASSIFIED) & FLINTS 325m OD; CS 60; IG 130; J 2700 1050 This is also known as Divis Cashel and has been built on the southern slope of a small hill, which is known as Tipperary Rocks. This was the subject of a high definition laser scanning survey by the National Trust in 2006. The site was also surveyed by the Ulster Archaeological Society in 2011. The structure measured approximately 25m in external diameter and 15.5m in internal diameter. There are two possible entrances at the east and northwest, both of which measure 2m in width. Excavations at the site in 2017 revealed a large amount of Neolithic flint flakes and artefacts, along with sherds of coarse pottery. Preliminary research indicates the site was originally a prehistoric stone enclosure, with evidence of associated habitation. No evidence was found of any re-use of the site until the Victorian period, when agricultural or industrial buildings were constructed. It is thought the site was abandoned again, at some time in the later nineteenth century. ANT 060:082 McAlister 2012.

DIVIS: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 388m OD; CS 60; IG 129; J 2690 7560 This food vessel was recovered from a burial cairn, which is also in Altigarron townland and known as Yellow John’s Cairn, Yellow Jack’s Cairn and Carn Sheain Bhuidhe. On a local rounded summit, with much outcropping basalt, the remains of a round cairn survive on the southern side of the townland boundary. The D-shaped remains measure 16.3m east-west, 9.5m north-south and stand 0.3m high. According to Chart, a food vessel was found in it. This cairn was surveyed in 2007 by the Ulster Archaeological Society. ANT 060:015 Patterson 1870-1871, 506-507; O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol. II, 341; OS Field Report No. 437; Rutherford 2009.

DIVIS: POTTERY (UNCLASSIFIED) & FLINTS 304m OD; CS 60; IG 130; J 2474 7456 This site was identified during the survey of a stone cellular structure by the Ulster Archaeological Society in May 2008. Initially, it was thought to be the remains of a settlement cluster of hut sites. The site consists of at least seven circular platforms, several with stones protruding through the surface grass cover. They are located along the east bank of a stream, which forms part of the headwaters of the Colin River. The site was surveyed by the Ulster Archaeological Society in 2009. One of the circular platforms (site 4) was partially excavated in 2017. The excavation revealed no evidence of any floor surface, drip gully or occupation debris. The large amount of stone present suggested the site was a burial cairn. Flint flakes and several sherds of coarse pottery were recovered. It is probable that the remaining circular platforms are also the remains of burial cairns. A visible depression, in site 3 to the north-west, may represent a collapsed cist, but this was not investigated during this excavation. ANT [Not in SMR] Gillespie 2011; Gormley 2013.

Figure 89: Divis Bowl (ANT 060:015) (after Patterson 1870-1871, 507) DIVIS: FLINT ARROWHEAD 418m OD; CS 60; IG 129; J 2903 7489 Two natural basaltic slabs, the larger of which bears traces of dynamiting, lie side by side. They are not antiquities. Approximately 11m west of the Bobby Stone, a hollow based flint arrowhead was found by Pat Collins, at a depth of c.0.2m from the topsoil. It was found at the 72

INVENTORY DIVIS: FLINT ARROWHEADS (2) 320m OD; CS 60; IG 129; J 2700 1050+ Two barbed and tanged arrowheads of flint were found at Divis Mountain. The arrowheads were purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A356.1960 & A126.1966]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1963, 105-111; Flanagan et al. 1968, 33-52.

during the site visit. A small urn, described as a ‘Devolved Cordoned Urn’ (Kavanagh 1975, 355) probably came from this site. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 3951.K32]. ANT 013:067 Kavanagh 1975, 293-403. DOONFIN: STONE AXE HEAD 120m OD; CS 14; IG 16; D 1300 3400+ A basaltic or dolerite axe head was reported to have been found at Doonfin, Glenshesk. ANT [Not in SMR] Evans 1945, 14-32.

DOAGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 55m OD; CS 51; IG 97; J 2600 8900 Watson, in his 1945 list of Bronze Age pottery, refers to a Pigmy vessel ‘found under a carn’ with a provenance in Doagh. It was sent to the National Museum in Dublin, but beyond this, no further information is available [NMI 1915:121]. The local people, who were questioned, had no knowledge of the whereabouts of this cairn, nor of the tradition of this find. ApSimon did not consider this to be of Bronze Age date. ANT 051:146 Watson 1945, 107 No. 51; ApSimon 1969, 65.

DROMORE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 27; IG 43/55; D 0500 1300 This findspot could also be in Dundermot townland. In 1889 it had been reported simply as an urn burial, with two flint knives and a bone pin found near Glarryford, ‘a few years ago.’ Enquiries made within Glarryford and other sites within these townlands, failed to recover any information on the findspot of this urn burial. The site has not been located. ANT 027:051 Knowles 1889, 110; Waddell 1990, 47.

*DONEGORE: BRONZE AXE HEAD 170m OD; CS 50; IG 96; J 2052 8785 A bronze socketed axe head was reported in the OS Memoirs as being found ‘just E. of Donegore Moat’. Its current location is unknown. ANT 050:045 Watson 1945, 80-119.

DROMORE: FLINTS & STONE AXE HEAD 60m OD; CS 27; IG 43; D 0500 1300+ Although not precisely located, a leaf shaped arrowhead was reported to have been found in a bog at Glarryford, which could also be in Dundermot townland. Glarryford is not a townland, so the location was probably in Dromore townland. Two flint hollow scrapers were also found here and donated to the Armagh County Museum. One measured 2.8cm in length and 2.8cm in width and the other measured 3.4cm in length and 3.8cm in width. A further flint, leaf-shaped arrowhead was found here in 1962 and donated to Armagh County Museum. A stone axe head was also reported to have been found at Glarryford. It is now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Mahr 1930, 73-78; Weatherup 1975, 2-24; Weatherup 1978, 28; Waddell 1998, 50.

DOOEY: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 3; IG 6/7; C 9376 4251 This site is in an area of grass-covered sand dunes, northeast and east of the River Bush. Over many years, the site has yielded mainly Mesolithic, Neolithic and Medieval material, recorded by various writers. An area near the railway bridge was excavated in 1892, when a hearth, possible hut site and flint implements were found. A further excavation was carried out in 1988. Part of the area has now been turned into a motor cycle track, which weaves through the dunes. The southernmost section of the track exposed a concentration of flint scatter, some of which was struck flint. A flint scraper was found during the site visit. ANT 003:029 Gray 1879, 109-43; Knowles 1889-1901, 650-663; Woodman 1977, 351-354. DOONAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 215m OD; CS 29; IG 45; D 2600 1300 A cordoned urn, associated with a cremation, was reported to have been found here in 1887. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 3951: K 32]. ANT [Not in SMR] Abercromby 1912, 2; ApSimon 1969, 64.

Figure 91: Dromore Arrowhead (Not in SMR) (after Waddell 1998, 50)

DOONANS: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 92m OD; CS 13; IG 15; D 0832 3355 This site is located in a level field between a mill race to the west and the Well Water River to the east, in gently rolling countryside. An apparently upstanding circular feature, c.6m in diameter, was noted on aerial photographs. No visible remains of this possible barrow were observed 73

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND DROMORE: BRONZE AXE HEAD 60m OD; CS 27; IG 43; D 0500 1300+ A bronze socketed axe head was reported to have been found at Glarryford. This is not a townland name and the hamlet of Glarryford is in Dromore townland. It was recorded in the Knowles Collection. Its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. DRUMACULLIN: FLINT ARROWHEADS 130m OD; CS 9; IG 16; D 1430 3580 This site is currently classified in the SMR as Cist Burials. It was reported in the OS Memoirs as ‘several small vaults, enclosed and covered by flat stones…resembling little graves, were also found here (Archibald McAlister’s farm) …Also some flint arrowheads.’ Neither a local informant nor the current landowner had any knowledge of this site, which has not been located. ANT 009:120 OS Memoir Culfeightrin, 1838-1839, 3; O’Laverty 18781895, Vol. IV, 460.

Figure 92: Drumaduan Perforated Stone (Not in SMR|) (after Evans 1945, 16) DRUMAHEGLIS: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 16; IG 21; C 9020 2530 During the construction of Drumaheglis Marina, a large number of flints were unearthed, both from the riverbank and the river itself, through dredging. The flints are suggested as being part of a Mesolithic and later Prehistoric habitation site. The worked flint included Bann flakes, hollow scrapers, blades and scrapers and are now housed in Ballymoney Town Hall. The actual findspots have probably been destroyed by the construction work. ANT 016:011 Marshall 1989, 13-16.

DRUMACULLIN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 130m OD; CS 9; IG 16; D 1430 3580 This was reported by Hill in 1860, as an urn burial inverted on a large slab, in the centre of a neatly constructed pavement, at a place called Tam. A local informant explained that Glenview House was built on or near this site and was known locally as Thom. There are now no visible remains of this site and there are no remaining traditions about it. ANT 009:168 Hill 1860, 23; O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol. IV, 459.

*DRUMAKEELY: HOARD 92m OD; CS 27; IG 42; D 0717 1294 This hoard, consisting of bronze swords, a stone axe head, gold ring and bronze brooches, was located in improved grassland on the top of Drumnacross Hill, which is also known as Dundermot. There are now no visible remains of a church, the site of which is adjoined at the north and east by modern field boundaries. The current owner stated that he had never recovered any finds, while ploughing the site and had no knowledge of the present whereabouts of the previous finds. He further stated that the graveyard lay to the east of the church site at the foot of the hill, extending to a disused holy well (ANT 027:048). An archaeological evaluation was carried out on the field south of the church site, prior to development. Two test trenches were excavated across the development site. No archaeological finds or features were uncovered in either trench [NAC, June 1999]. A second evaluation was carried out on two areas, east and south-east of the church site. Topsoil stripping was monitored and test trenches excavated across both areas. No finds or features of archaeological significance were uncovered in either area [CAF, December 2005]. ANT 027:047 OS Field Report No. 178; Reeves 1847, 73; O’Laverty 18781895, Vol. IV, 45-50; Hamlin 2008.

DRUMADOON: FLINTS 92m OD; CS 9; IG 9; D 1672 4042 This site is the very poorly-preserved remains of a mound, which has been extensively quarried. The mound is composed of sand, gravel and stones, with some boulders around the summit. A prehistoric flint arrowhead and scraper were discovered in this area. Pottery, which was recovered from within a souterrain, suggested a possible construction date within the seventh century. Artefactual evidence is most varied and significant. A silver half penny dated to the thirteenth century was uncovered, along with an iron arrowhead, spear head, glazed pottery and a twelfth century bell shrine. This bell shrine had been altered during the thirteenth century to add a figure of the crucified Christ. ANT 009:042 DRUMADUAN: STONE MACEHEAD 50m OD; CS 11; IG 21; C 9100 2095+ A polished, perforated stone was reported to have been found here, while harrowing at Heagles, four miles north of Ballymoney. It is thought to have originally been a macehead which was later adapted for use as a ‘journal stone or gudgeon, most probably in connexion with a corn mill’ (Evans 1945, 18). ANT [Not in SMR] Evans 1945, 14-32.

DRUMAKEELY: FLINTS 92m OD; CS 27; IG 43; D 0636 1312 This Mesolithic hut site was uncovered, during road improvement works, near Glarryford in 2014. The site is 74

INVENTORY located within the flood plain of the Clogh River and was found under a thick layer of sediment, due to previous flooding events. The hut was formed of eight post holes and eighteen pits, forming a sub-circular hut, which measured 5.5m in length and 3m in width. Pit and gully features returned radiocarbon dates from 7061 to 4486 BC. A number of late Mesolithic flints were recovered. Evidence of Neolithic (a post hole) and Iron Age (two ring ditches) activity was also found to be present at this site. ANT [Not in SMR] Nicol 2016, 22-25.

Figure 93: Drumbest Horns (ANT 018:091) (after MacAdam 1860, Pl. 2) DRUMCON: FLINT FLAKE 140m OD; CS 26; IG 42/54; D 0000 1000+ A flint flake, measuring 6cm in length, was found in Drumcon Bog, on clay, at a depth of 4.6m to 6.1m below the ground surface. It was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [264.1962]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1964, 73-95.

Plate 22: Drumakeely Flints (Not in SMR) (after Nicol 2016, 23)

DRUMCROW: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 190m OD; CS 34; IG 57; D 2700 0700+ A bronze spearhead was reported to have been found here and is now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

DRUMALEET: STONE AXE HEAD 30m OD; CS 66; IG 163; J 1000 6400 A black, polished stone axe head was reported to have been found here. It measured 14.8cm in length, 6.8cm in width and 2cm in thickness. It is held in private ownership. ANT [Not in SMR] Williams and Yates 1981-1982, 187.

DRUMDERG: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 42; IG 94; J 0040 8993 This site was uncovered, during road improvements on the A6. Archaeological material was uncovered in one trench, overlooking Toome. Charcoal spreads were present and pieces of Mesolithic flint were recovered from the surface. As the works are at a very preliminary stage, the archaeological material was covered and the trench backfilled. This would appear to be the site of Mesolithic occupation, the extent of which is currently unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2013.

DRUMBARE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 92m OD; CS 23; IG 43; D 0600 1600 The OS Memoirs record ‘a fort of stones was on the farm of John Sloane, but all dug away, in which was an urn of bones, but all lost.’ Almost all of this townland is now owned by one landowner. He had never heard either of a John Sloane or of a destroyed cairn, in which this urn burial was located. ANT 023:054 OS Memoir Grange of Dundermot, 1837, 1.

DRUMEENY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 31m OD; CS 9; IG 9; D 1330 3860 This was reported in the OS Memoirs as c.100yds [92.3m] south-west of a church and graveyard (ANT 009:045), there are two cists 20 yards [18.5m] apart. One cist contained an urn and charcoal, while the other was filled with small stones. The site is on the western bank of the Glenshesk River, with good views in an arc north-east/ east/south-east over the river valley. However, there are now no visible remains of either of these cist burials, which have probably been destroyed. ANT 009:195 OS Memoir Ramoan, 1838, 21-22; O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol. IV, 420.

DRUMBEST: BRONZE HORNS (4) 92m OD; CS 18; IG 33; D 0345 2401 This site is on level, improved grassland at the foot of the steep south-facing slope of a small hill. It is adjoined at the south by a field, in which are located a large enclosure/mound (ANT 018:042) and a smaller mound (ANT 018:022). The current landowner pointed out the general area, where four bronze horns were discovered by his great-grandfather around 1840. These bronze horns are now held at the Ulster Museum, in Belfast and are dated to c.800 BC However, there are no visible remains of any antiquity in this area and no other objects have been recovered since that original find. ANT 018:091 MacAdam 1860, 99-110.

DRUMFANE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 90m OD; CS 33; IG 55; D 1200 0590 This site was reported by Knowles in 1895. He stated that a cist burial was found by workmen at Thorny Valley, on 75

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND Hugh McMullan’s farm. The cist was described as having five sidestones and contained an inverted encrusted urn, over a quantity of cremated bones. The urn was estimated to measure 33cm in height, 28cm in diameter at the mouth and 13cm in diameter at its base. The cist was reportedly destroyed by the farmer and can no longer be precisely located. However, the urn is held at the British Museum in London [BM 1924:12-13, 36-37]. ANT [Not in SMR] Knowles 1895, 91-98; ApSimon 1969, 63; Waddell 1990, 46.

Figure 95: Drumnafivey Javelin Head & Arrowhead (Not in SMR|) (after Evans 1945, 16)

Figure 94: Drumfane Urn (Not in SMR) (after Knowles 1895, 92)

Figure 96: Drumnafivey Stone (Not in SMR|) (after Evans 1945, 18)

DRUMINAGH: BATTLE AXE HEAD 40m OD; CS 29; IG 45; D 2800 1600+ A stone battle axe head was recovered at Glencloy. This is not a townland, but the glen passes through four townlands: Druminagh, Drumnacole, Galdanagh and Stony Hill. It was classified as of the Intermediate Series by Derek Simpson and is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI R.2101]. ANT [Not in SMR]

DRUMNAGLEA: FLINTS 91m OD; CS 23; IG 43; D 0541 1766 This site was excavated in advance of the A26 road improvement scheme. The site contained one large middle Bronze Age pit, one small Mesolithic pit and two spreads. From the Mesolithic pit, a cache of 743 flints was recovered. A radiocarbon date of 5016-4844 cal. BC was obtained. ANT [Not in SMR] Nicol and Barkley 2015-2016, 1-56.

DRUMKEERAN: BRONZE SPEARHEAD & PIN 50m OD; CS 43/44; IG 80/81; J 1200 9300+ A bronze spearhead and sunflower pin were reported in the OS Memoirs to have been found at Shilvodan. This is not a townland name, but is a location within Drumkeeran townland. The current whereabouts of these artefacts is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. Simpson 1990, 32.

DRUMNAGREAGH: FLINTS & POTTERY 30m OD; CS 30; IG 46; D 3439 1223 Pre-development evaluation was carried out, in advance of a proposed hydroelectric scheme, adjacent to an early medieval ecclesiastical site and graveyard ANT 030:003 (Solar townland). A series of hand-excavated test pits were placed along the line of the proposed pumphouse and pipe trench, which was to extend along the outside boundary of the scheduled area. The results of the evaluation proved that while no burial remains were identified outside of the area of the scheduled monument, the remains of a shallow ditch were uncovered. Numerous flint artefacts, in the form of flint cores, struck flakes and a number of flint scrapers were recovered from the fills of the ditch, as were several fragments of animal bone. A number of small sherds of pottery were also recovered from the sandy gravel deposits within the ditch, suggesting a Neolithic or Bronze Age date for this feature. ANT [Not in SMR] Bennett 2013, 8.

DRUMNAFIVEY: ASSEMBLAGE 160m OD; CS 13; IG 22; D 0050 0950+ A flint javelin head and a barbed and tanged flint arrowhead were reported to have been found here. Also found was a shaped stone item, probably dolerite, which had been ground into a particular shape for a purpose unknown. They were donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Evans 1945, 14-32.

76

INVENTORY DRUMNAKEEL: STONE AXE HEAD 80m OD; CS 9; IG 9; D 1550 3950+ A stone axe head was reported to have been found here. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Mahr 1930, 73-78.

were discovered a square vault…an earthen urn.’ There are now no visible remains of this site and no traditions of the site or finds have survived. ANT 009:151 OS Memoir Culfeightrin, 1838-1839, 14; O’Laverty 187895, Vol. IV, 493-494; Williams and Wilkinson 1985, 51-61.

DRUMNAKEEL: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 92m OD; CS 9; IG 9; D 1632 3991 There are now no visible remains of this site. This had been a flat cemetery, which was excavated in 1983, in advance of its destruction due to road construction. Bronze Age burials were recovered from a sand quarry. The burials may originally have been inside a mound. Two vessels were recovered from cists, but four further vessels, recovered from the quarry scree slope, were probably also from burials. ANT 009:072 OS Memoir Culfeightrin, 1838-1839, 14; O’Laverty 1887, Vol. IV, 493-494; Williams and Wilkinson 1985, 51-61.

DRUMNAKEEL: GOLD INGOT 62m OD; CS 9; IG 9; D 1500 3900 This artefact was recorded in the OS Memoirs as ‘holding of Archibald Jolly there was found about 30 years back, at some depth beneath the surface, a gold bar about 9 inches long, 3 inches broad and one and a half inches thick’. The bar was initially thought to be worthless copper, but it was later discovered to be gold and sold in Scotland. While the dating of the bar is not recorded, its depth and proximity to a Bronze Age burial site (ANT 009:072) suggests a prehistoric origin. ANT 009:156 OS Memoir Culfeightrin 1838-1839, 117. DRUMRAW: FLINT SCRAPER 160m OD; CS 31; IG 66; D 0200 0400+ A flint scraper, measuring 4.5cm in length, was found here. It was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [818.1963]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan and Seaby 1965, 102-116. DRUMSOUGH: BRONZE PIN 52m OD; CS 43; IG 95; J 1200 9020 A bronze sunflower pin was reported to have been found in a bog near Cookstown Junction railway station. It formed part of the Adams Collection and is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

Figure 97: Drumnakeel Urn (ANT 009:072) (after Williams 1985, 55)

DRUNKENDULT WEST: STONE DISC 40m OD; CS 12; IG 22; C 9400 2900+ A disc of grey gritty stone, measuring 7.6cm in diameter and 0.22cm in thickness and oval in cross-section, was found here by students of Ballymoney Secondary School. It is held within the school collection. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1964, 96-102. DRUNKENDULT WEST: BRONZE HORNS (2) 40m OD; CS 12; IG 22; C 9450 2900 Two bronze horns were reported to have been found in Garry Bog, at a depth of 1.8m below ground surface. One measured 59cm in length on the exterior circumference, 22cm in circumference at the mouth and 13cm at the base. There was an aperture 14cm from the base, in the internal circumference. The other was a portion of the horn, 36cm in length on the external circumference 14cm in circumference at one end and 10cm at the narrow end. The findspot is not precisely located. ANT [Not in SMR] Bigger 1902, 11-12.

Figure 98: Drumnakeel Urn (ANT 009:072) (after Williams 1985, 59) DRUMNAKEEL: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 9; IG 9; D 1630 4000 This site was recorded in the OS Memoirs as ‘holding of Charles Sharp there stood a fort…in the centre of which 77

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND DUNEANY: FLINTS 100m OD; CS 27; IG 42/43; D 0400 1400+ Two flint scrapers and a leaf-shaped arrowhead were found here. They became part of the Fawcett Collection. In 1966 they were purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A33, A59, A67. 1966]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan et al. 1968, 33-52. DUNGONNELL: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 215m OD; CS 24; IG 44; D 1800 1700 Enquiries at the houses, along the Dungonnell Road and also with the Dungonnell dam operatives, failed to elicit any information on this ‘cinerary urn’, which had been described by Watson as a small, plain, burnished tub-like vessel, found near Dungonnell Fort (ANT 024:009). The findspot may have been destroyed by the construction of the dam nearby, to the north-east. The urn is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 310:1934]. ANT 024:018 Benn 1861, 216-220; Watson 1945, 107.

Figure 99: Drunkendult Horns (Not in SMR) (after Bigger 1902, 11) DUNADRY: ASSEMBLAGE 40m OD; CS 50; IG 112; J 1995 8515 This monument is currently classified as a mound, but a report of its excavation c.1850 records a stone cairn underneath one metre of loamy soil. No visible trace remains of the site, which is in level, good quality pasture. A report in the Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy in 1852, recorded that a skeleton was found, with a lignite ring on his/her hand. This was cited in MacAdam 1861-1862. Also found was a stone pot, along with a glass ring. The pot had ‘a brass cover on the top’. This pot may be similar to others found within County Antrim, at Carncoagh and Trummery. ANT 050:061 MacAdam 1861-1862, 236-238.

DUNGONNELL: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 215m OD; CS 24; IG 44; D 1800 1700 Mentioned briefly by Watson, in a list of Bronze Age pottery, as a pygmy vessel, ‘found in a mound near Dungonnell Fort’ (ANT 024:009). Despite enquiries with the townland residents, the Dungonnell dam operatives and a local informant, no-one knew of this site or of a mound close to Dungonnell Fort. The site remains unlocated, but a small mound is located 100m northwest of Dungonnell Fort (ANT 024:009), which appears artificial and could be the findspot. This vessel is held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 310:1934]. In addition, Benn reported worked flint and numerous waste flakes, located around a flat stone in this area. ANT 024:030 Watson 1945, 107.

DUNAGHY: BATTLE AXE HEAD 90m OD; CS 17; IG 22; C 9800 2500+ This stone battle axe head was recovered at Dunaghy. It was classified as of the Late or Bann Series by Derek Simpson. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1934:60]. ANT [Not in SMR] Simpson 1990, 35.

DUNLOY: ASSEMBLAGE 92m OD; CS 22; IG 32; D 0190 1927 The site was excavated in 1991, in advance of a housing development. The site is now completely destroyed. Excavation uncovered a court tomb, measuring at least 18m in length and 13m in width. The surviving stone sockets suggested that the tomb had three chambers. Finds included over 500 sherds of Neolithic pottery and a small lithic assemblage of c.20 artefacts. The cremated remains of a male adult and a child of approximately two years of age were also found. A radiocarbon date of 39423693 cal. BC was obtained. One pot was reconstructed from recovered sherds. ANT 022:010 OS Field Report Nos 145 & 154A; OS Memoir Finvoy 1831, Box 11, 1, 3; 1835, BOX 11, I, 1, 13; O’Laverty 1887, Vol. IV, 57-58.

DUNAVERNEY: FLESH HOOK 35m OD; CS 12; IG 22; C 9600 2900 This flesh-hook, or goad, was discovered during turf cutting in 1829, at Dunaverney Bog, north of Ballymoney. It is thought to be an item of ceremonial feasting equipment. It has also been suggested that it may have formed part of a wooden ceremonial cart. It is thought to date from between 1050-900 BC. It was in the collection of the Bishop of Down, Connor and Dromore. It is currently held at the British Museum in London [1856, 12-22 I]. ANT [Not in SMR] Waddell 1998, 274-275; Bowman and Needham 2007, 53108.

Figure 100: Dunaverney Flesh-Hook (Not in SMR) (after Waddell 1998, 274) 78

INVENTORY DUNMURRY: FLINTS 31m OD; CS 64; IG 146; J 2962 6923 It was reported by Maitland in 1957, that a number of flints were found in the topsoil of a hill, when this hill was being removed. The site has been destroyed by the construction of a retail complex (MACRO) and also of the motorway nearby (M1). Nothing remains of this hill. ANT 064:080 DUNMURRY: FLINT ARROWHEAD 30m OD; CS 64; IG 146; J 2950 6900+ A flint, leaf-shaped arrowhead, measuring 2.9cm in length, was found at Forked Bridge. It was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [809.1963]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan and Seaby 1965, 102-116. DUNNYGARRAN: COPPER AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 32; IG 55; D 0650 0750+ A copper, flat axe head was reported to have been found here and became part of the Knowles Collection. Its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

Plate 23: Reconstructed pot from Dunloy Court Tomb (ANT 022:010) Malachy Conway DUNLOY: FLINT ARROWHEAD 90m OD; CS 22; IG 32; D 0150 1900+ A flint, leaf-shaped arrowhead, measuring 3.8cm in length, was found at Dunloy and included within the Fawcett Collection. In 1965 it was purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A54.1965]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1967, 21-40.

*DUNTEIGE: ASSEMBLAGE 292m OD; CS 35; IG 58; D 3233 0844 Dunteige court tomb, also known as Cairnasegart, was excavated by antiquarians in 1869 and 1870. A large assemblage of flint artefacts and pottery was found. Most of this is now held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. In 1962, a flint flake, measuring 6.3cm in length, was found in a stream beside the remains of the tomb. It was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [427.1962]. ANT 035:030 Flanagan 1964, 73-95; Herity et al. 1968-1969, 9-34.

DUNLOY: BRONZE AXE HEADS (2) 90m OD; CS 22; IG 32; D 0150 1900+ A bronze, flat axe head was reported to have been found here. It formed part of the Knowles Collection. Its current location is unknown. A bronze palstave axe head was also to have been found here. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. DUNLUCE: FLINT JAVELIN HEAD 60m OD; CS 2; IG 6; C 9000 4100+ A flint javelin head, which has been described as a lance head, was reported to have been found at Dunluce and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 6.1957]. It was roughly made, with rudimentary barbs and a short tang. It measured 10cm in length and 4cm in width. ANT [Not in SMR Lucas et al. 1958, 115-152. DUNLUCE: BRONZE AXE HEADS (11) 60m OD; CS 2; IG 6; C 9000 4100+ Two bronze axe heads were reported to have been found here. One was a flat axe head and the other an ‘incipient ridge and flanges’. Three palstave axe heads were also found here in 1864. Six bronze socketed axe heads were also found. They were all reported to be preserved at Lewes Castle and Barbican House in East Sussex. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

Figure 101: Pottery from Dunteige Court Tomb (ANT 035:030) (after Herity et al.1968-1969, 29) 79

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND Mesolithic or early Neolithic date and may have been brought downslope by a landslide from a site further uphill. The lithics are held at the Centre for Maritime Archaeology, at the Ulster University in Coleraine. ANT [Not in SMR] Westley 2011, 1-6.

Figure 102: Flints from Dunteige Court Tomb (ANT 035:030) (after Herity 1987, 253) DUNTURKY: FLINTS 92m OD; CS 45; IG 82; J 3163 9333 This monument is currently classified as a mound. It was on a gently rounded eminence, within excellent pasture, but has since been removed (BBW, 1981). An archaeological assessment was carried out on an area of ground, to the west of this site as part of the A8 road scheme. Two test trenches were excavated, uncovering no archaeological features, but finds included two flint scrapers (ACS, November 2000). ANT 045:017 OS Memoir Ballynure, 1839; O’Laverty 1884, Vol. III, 177.

Plate 24: East Torr Flints (Not in SMR) (after Westley 2011, 3) EDENVALE: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 70m OD; CS 44; IG 80; J 1500 9300+ This is a rare example of a side-looped spearhead. Generally, this type of spearhead has a leaf-shaped blade, which may be long and slender, or short and broad. It was part of the D’Evelyn Collection and is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119; Waddell 1998, 181.

DUNTURKY: FLINTS 112m OD; CS 45; IG 82; J 3119 929 This site was discovered during road works, between Belfast and Larne in 2011. The features found included five pits and a hearth. Four of the pits formed a northwest/south-east alignment. It is possible that the aligned pits held posts, which supported a windbreak for the hearth and also that the shallow pit and the pits beside the hearth were related to other activities, which occurred behind the windbreak. In absence of further post or stake holes, it seems unlikely that a permanent structure was present in this area and that this represented a temporary campsite. The presence of the debitage in one pit and within the topsoil, along with the presence of worked flint in this area, suggests that flint knapping was being undertaken at this location. Radiocarbon dating confirmed that the site had been used in the Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Ages. A radiocarbon date of 2136-1950 cal. BC was obtained. ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2011; Barkley 2016, 1-56.

Figure 103: Edenvale Spearhead (Not in SMR) (after Waddell 1998, 181)

EGLISH: FLINT ARROWHEAD 123m OD; CS 9; IG 9; D 1500 3800+ A flint barbed and tanged arrowhead was found here and was included in the Fawcett Collection. In 1965 it was purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A182.1965]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1967, 21-40.

EAST TORR: FLINTS 20m OD; CS 10; IG 10; D 2320 4020 A substantial number (225) of flints were exposed during building works at the salmon fishing station at Torr Head in 2011. These included flakes, blades and cores and a possible quartz blade. It is thought the flints are of late 80

INVENTORY EVISHACROW: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 185m OD; CS 24; IG 34; D 1700 1900 This urn was reported by Benn, as found in a potato field within this townland. There are now only a few residents living in this townland and they live in the south-western corner, close to Cargan village. None of those questioned had any knowledge of an urn burial, which had been found within this townland. The site has not been located and no traditions about it are extant. At the time of the article, the urn was in Benn’s possession. ApSimon (1969) reported an urn sherd from Parkmore, which is probably from the same vessel. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 779:1954]. ANT 024:012 Benn 1861, 216-220; O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol. III, 463; ApSimon 1969, 63.

FLOWER HILL: COIN HOARD 31m OD; CS 7; IG 6; C 9340 3830 This hoard of Roman coins was discovered in 1827 ‘near the site of the old castle…on Flower Hill near Bushmills’ (Bateson 1971, 52). It consisted of about three hundred silver coins, including a denarius of Matilda, niece of Emperor Trajan (AD 98-117). It is thought the coins were disposed of locally, as well as in London and Dublin. ANT 007:117 Porter and Carruthers 1854, 182-192; Bateson 1970, 50-57. FORIFF: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 31m OD; CS 20; IG 25; D 2337 2487 The site of a mound barrow lies on a natural ridge, which runs north-west/south-east and overlooks land to the south and south-east. The ground rises quite steeply to the north and west. It has the appearance of a natural mound. There is, however, a marked dip between it and a ‘tail’ observed on aerial photographs to the north-west. It is not certain if this is a ditch or natural hollow, between two higher areas. A local publication states that a cist burial was uncovered in this area in 1946, containing a well-preserved skeleton and an urn. An excavation was carried out by Queen’s University, Belfast. Professor Walmsley suggested a date of around 1500 BC. The publication also records that the urn was presented to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 229.1946]. Waddell (1990) refers to a site at Glenariff, where he recorded a bowl having come from a cist burial. This site may be the location of this cist burial. ANT 020:007 ApSimon 1969, 59; Waddell 1990, 47.

EVISHNABLAY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 154m OD; CS 24; IG 44; D 1600 1500 This was reported in the OS Memoirs as an urn of bones found by Archie Campbell, at the edge of the Glenravel Water in 1834, but now destroyed. Enquiries with local inhabitants and landowners failed to recover any traditions about the site of this destroyed urn burial. Attempts to locate the farm of Archie Campbell also failed. Benn reported a destroyed urn in a bank, overhanging the Ravel River (ANT 024:014), which could possibly be this same site. ANT 024:028 Benn 1861, 211; OS Memoir Skerry 1837; Chart 1940, 23. FARRANCUSHOG: BRONZE AXE HEAD 100m OD; CS 27; IG 43; D 0850 1350+ A bronze socketed axe head was reported in the OS Memoirs to have been found here. Its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

*FREEMANSTOWN: ASSEMBLAGE 154m OD; CS 50; IG 96; J 2135 8917 This is also in Tobergill townland and known locally as Donegore Hill. This site is an early Neolithic enclosure, on the summit of Donegore Hill. The summit is enclosed by a causewayed ditch, which is a ditch dug in several sections, with causeways in between. Vast quantities of Neolithic pottery, worked flint and other artefacts were uncovered during excavations at the site, which were carried out by QUB. Evidence was also uncovered of a Bronze Age stockade, dating to around 2000 BC. A bronze palstave axe head was reported to have been found here and is now held at the British Museum in London. ANT 050:132 Watson 1945, 80-119; Mallory and McNeill 1991, 95.

FEIGH MOUNTAIN: COIN HOARD 70m OD; CS 3; IG 1; C 9770 4480 In 1832, in a place named Croyer Whins, more than 1,000 Roman coins were found. These were described in the OS Memoirs as ‘fastened together in a lump of cement’. They seem to have been largely third or fourth century AD in date and made of silver, copper or copper-plate. There is today an area of relatively high, gorse-covered ground called Croyer Hill in Feigh Mountain townland, which is likely to have been the general location of the find. ANT 003:074 OS Memoir Billy 1838; O’Laverty 1887, IV, 297.

FROSSES: BRONZE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 23/27; IG 43; D 0500 1500+ A bronze socketed axe head was reported in the OS Memoirs to have been found here. Its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

FENAGHY: BRONZE AXE HEAD & SPEARHEADS (3) 50m OD; CS 32; IG 67; D 0650 0400+ A bronze socketed axe head was reported to have been found here and was recorded in the Knowles Collection. Its current location is unknown. Three bronze spearheads were also found here. Two are held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast, but the whereabouts of the third, which was detailed in the Knowles Catalogue, is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

GALGORM PARKS: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 62m OD; CS 32; IG 67; D 0698 0390 This flat cemetery, which is also referred to as Fenagh, is located in improved grassland on top of a hill, overlooking the townland boundary and the meandering course of 81

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND the River Main to the west. Not marked on any OS map, this findspot was reported by Knowles in 1889. There are now no visible remains of any antiquity at this site. The sand pit, in which these four urns were found, has been completely removed. The three larger urns contained burials, barbed and tanged arrowheads and a planoconvex knife, but no mention is made of any cists. These urns are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 579:1924]. ANT 032:047 Knowles 1889, 109-110 and 1895, 94-95; Buick 1895, 59; ApSimon 1969, 63. Figure 106: Galgorm Parks Urn (ANT 032:047) (after Knowles 1895, 95) GALGORM PARKS: POTTERY (UNCLASSIFIED) 44m OD; CS 37; IG 67; D 0801 0266 Test trenching was carried out at a proposed residential development, during a two week period between December 2008 and January 2009. Testing uncovered three areas of archaeological potential, located within the southern and northern portion of the site, as well as identifying numerous plough furrows and field boundary ditches. Three discrete areas of archaeological activity were uncovered, within the southern portion of the site, consisting of four subsoil-cut pits. One sherd of prehistoric pottery, recovered from one of these features, is indicative of prehistoric occupation and it is possible that further archaeological features may also have survived. Located within the northern portion of the site within a wide hollow, was an area of deliberate stone deposition, measuring c.14m north-east/south-west by c.7m, which overlay a series of stiff grey–black, mottled clay. A small collection of subsoil-cut features, located to the north-west of this large spread of material, suggests there could be further archaeological features surviving nearby. No artefactual material was recovered, which would date this collection of features. The third area of archaeological potential consisted of two subsoil-cut pits, a small ditch-like feature, which extended across the trench and also a small area of spread material. This collection of features is suggestive of the remains of a possible occupation area, which may exist within the immediate surrounding area. ANT [Not in SMR] Bennett 2011, 3.

Figure 104: Galgorm Parks Urn (ANT 032:047) (after Knowles 1895, 94)

GARRY LOWER: BRONZE AXE HEAD 30m OD; CS 12; IG 22; C 9550 2900+ A bronze three-ribbed axe head was reported to have been found here. It was attributed to the late Bronze Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Hodges 1956, 29-56.

Figure 105: Galgorm Parks Urn (ANT 032:047) (after Knowles 1895, 95)

GARRY LOWER: BRONZE HORN 30m OD; CS 12; IG 22; C 9550 2900+ This findspot may also be Garry Upper townland. It was reported that a bronze horn was found in 1854, within a 82

INVENTORY bog in Garry townland. The ‘same locality has produced a number of other antiquities, including stone hatchets and flint arrow-heads, all found at a depth of about three feet [1m] from the surface’ (MacAdam 1860, 109-110). The horn was made from sheet bronze (referred to as brass). It measured 29cm in length, with one end oval shaped, 9-11cm in width and the other end small and circular, with a diameter of 0.5cm. It is currently held in private ownership. ANT [Not in SMR] MacAdam 1860, 99-110.

Figure 108: Garvaghy [Portglenone] cauldron (Not in SMR) (after Briggs 1979, 23) GLEBE [AHOGHILL]: COPPER AXE HEAD 70m OD; CS 37; IG 66; J 0450 9950+ A copper flat axe head was reported to have been found at Glebe [Ahoghill] and became part of the Keiller-Knowles Collection. It is now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

Figure 107: Garry Lower Bronze Horn (Not in SMR) (after MacAdam 1860, Pl. 1) GARRYDUFF: FLINT FLAKE 100m OD; CS 17; IG 32; C 9950 2250+ A flint flake, measuring 6.3cm in length, was found here by students of Ballymoney Secondary School. It is held within the school collection. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1964, 96-102.

*GLEBE [DERRYKEIGHAN]: DECORATED STONE 54m OD; CS 12; IG 14; C 9629 3376 A La Tène decorated stone was found inserted into the wall of a medieval parish church at Derrykeighan. The site is thought to be pre-Christian in origin. A Viking coin hoard was also found here in 1843. ANT 012:003 Waddell 1998, 363-364; Mallory and McNeill 1991, 161162.

GARTREE: ASSEMBLAGE 31m OD; CS 58; IG 127; J 0961 7507 This site, which was excavated before its destruction, originally consisted of a rath, 24.6m-26m in diameter and standing 0.9m-1.53m in height. Excavation showed the site was first occupied in the Neolithic, with a series of pits, stake holes and stone settings enclosed by a ditch. Finds included Lyles Hill ware, porcellanite axe fragments, struck flint and quartz. The site was then used in the early Christian period, first as a flat site, with a ditch enclosing a cobbled farmyard, with a timber house in the centre. Later, a deeper ditch was dug and the upcast used to cover the initial occupation area, creating a raised rath. Souterrain ware was found at both levels of occupation. There are now no visible remains of the site. ANT 058:017 Waterman 1963, 43-54.

Figure 109: Glebe [Derrykeighan] Decorated Stone (ANT 012:003) (after Waddell 1998, 363)

GARVAGHY: BRONZE CAULDRON 20m OD; CS 31; IG 66; C 9800 0400 This findspot is not precisely located. The find is referred to as the Portglenone Cauldron. It is thought to be of late Bronze Age or Iron Age date and is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Briggs 1979, 23-25.

GLENARIFF MOUNTAIN LOWER: FLINT ARROWHEAD 370m OD; CS 20; IG 35; D 2500 2200+ A flint leaf-shaped arrowhead was recovered here and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 228.1959]. ANT [Not in SMR] Lucas et al. 1961, 43-107. 83

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND GLENARM DEMESNE: FLINT ARROWHEADS (35) & FLINT SCRAPER 15m OD; CS 29; IG 45; D 3000 1500+ Thirty-four flint arrowheads and a scraper were found here. They became part of the Fawcett Collection. They included seven leaf-shaped arrowheads, five hollowbased, four lozenge-shaped, one tanged and fifteen barbed and tanged type. In 1965 and 1966 they were purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast. A further hollow-based arrowhead was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 477.1959]. ANT [Not in SMR] Lucas et al. 1961, 43-107; Flanagan 1967, 21-40; Flanagan et al. 1968, 33-52.

GLENAVY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 59; IG 145; J 1600 7300 This was reported by Mussen, as two urns found in a small natural gravel mound, approximately a quarter of a mile east of Glenavy in 1898. The smaller urn was discovered in 1854 in a field, which belonged to James Lorimer. It was upright, half filled with calcined bones and a larger urn had been inverted over it. Part of a human skeleton was found at the same depth of the mound and at a distance of 1.54m from the urns. A second urn burial was uncovered c.230m west of this. This large urn was inverted over calcined bone. It was found under the surface of a level field. The site of these urn burials could not be located and has probably been destroyed. The urns are currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1898:77] and at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 1339: K 52]. ANT 059:118 Mussen 1898, 24-26; ApSimon 1969, 64.

Figure 110: Glenarm Arrowhead (Not in SMR) (after Flanagan 1967, 25)

Figure 111: Glenarm Arrowhead (Not in SMR) (after Flanagan 1967, 25)

GLENARM DEMESNE: FLINT JAVELIN HEADS (2) 15m OD; CS 29; IG 45; D 3000 1500+ Two flint leaf-shaped javelin heads, measuring 7.4cm and 5.9cm in length, were found at Glenarm and included in the Fawcett Collection. In 1965 they were purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A159, A161.1965]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1967, 21-40.

Figure 112: Glenavy Urns (ANT 059:118) (after Mussen 1898, 24)

GLENARM DEMESNE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 31m OD; CS 29; IG 45; D 3000 1400 An urn was reported to have been found here. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1898:77]. ANT [Not in SMR] Abercromby 1912, 2; ApSimon 1969, 63. GLENARM DEMESNE: BRONZE AXE HEAD 15m OD; CS 29; IG 45; D 3000 1500+ A bronze socketed axe head was reported to have been found here. It became part of the Hunt-Ball Collection in Limerick, but its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

Figure 113: Glenavy Urn (ANT 059:118) (after Mussen 1898, 25)

GLENARM DEMESNE: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 15m OD; CS 29; IG 45; D 3000 1500+ A bronze spearhead was reported to have been found here and is now held at York Museum in England. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

GLENBUCK: FLINT SCRAPER 120m OD; CS 22; IG 42; D 0300 1750+ A flint scraper was found here and became part of the Fawcett Collection. In 1966 it was purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A71.1966]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan et al. 1968, 33-52. 84

INVENTORY GLENHEAD: STONE AXE HEAD 200m OD; CS 39; IG 69; D 2650 0100+ A stone axe head was reported to have been found here. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Mahr 1930, 73-78.

and 5.1cm in length, were found here and included in the Fawcett Collection. In 1965 they were purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A163, A164.1965]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1967, 21-40. GLENLESLIE: FLINT ARROWHEADS (2) 200m OD; CS 23/27; IG 43; D 1100 1600+ Two flint hollow-based arrowheads, measuring 2.8cm and 2.7cm in length, were found at Glenleslie. They were donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [771, 802.1963]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan and Seaby 1965, 102-116.

GLENHEAD: FLINT KNIVES (2) & FLINT SCRAPER 200m OD; CS 39; IG 69; D 2650 0100+ Two flint knives were found here and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 801802.1960]. A flint, leaf-shaped scraper was also found here and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 815.1960]. ANT [Not in SMR] Prendergast and Lucas 1962, 139-173.

GLENLESLIE: ASSEMBLAGE 200m OD; CS 23/27; IG 43; D 1100 1600+ Three flint knives were found here and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 789-793.1960]. A flint hollow scraper was also found here and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 807.1960]. Two leaf-shaped flint arrowheads were also found here and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 643-644.1961]. ANT [Not in SMR] Prendergast and Lucas 1962, 139-173; 1963, 115-133.

GLENHUGH: ASSEMBLAGE 123m OD; CS 32; IG 67; D 0380 0396 This site is also known as Glenhue. It is located on arable land, at the rear of Rose Cottage, on a very gradual eastfacing slope of a hill, with good views of Slemish Mountain to the east. There are now no visible remains in this field, in which Reverend Buick found a large number of worked flints, cores, a polished stone axe, a stone bead and some broken burnt stones. A flint blade was also found here and became part of the W.A. Green Collection. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 246.1959]. A similar site (ANT 032:046) lies 700m to the south-south-west. ANT 032:045 Buick 1883, 120-126; Flanagan 1960, 41-60.

GLENLESLIE: ASSEMBLAGE 200m OD; CS 23/27; IG 43; D 1100 1600+ A range of flint artefacts were recovered here and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. Included was a Bann flake [NMI 284.1959]; nine lozenge-shaped arrowheads [NMI 223, 265, 285-286, 292, 298, 300, 304305.1959]; five tanged arrowheads [NMI 224, 474, 483-484, 491.1959]; six hollow-based arrowheads [NMI 456, 458459, 471-472, 476.1959]; seven javelin heads (one highly polished) [NMI 269, 270, 272, 275, 277, 279-280.1959] and eleven flint knives. ANT [Not in SMR] Lucas et al. 1961, 43-107.

GLENHUGH: ASSEMBLAGE 123m OD; CS 32; IG 67; D 0358 0329 This site is also known as McAnullastown and is in improved grassland. It is located on a steep east-north-east-facing slope, with good views of Slemish Mountain to the northeast and adjacent to a stream, which forms the townland boundary. The Reverend Buick found a large number of worked flints, cores and burnt stones in these two fields, which are known locally as the long field. However, there are now no visible remains and no finds were made. The south-eastern edge of the lower field forms the townland boundary. A similar site (ANT 032:045) lies 700m to the north-north-east. ANT 032:046 Buick 1883, 120-126.

GLENLESLIE: HORSE TACK (2) 200m OD; CS 23/27; IG 43; D 1100 1600+ Two early Iron Age bronze horse bits were reported to have been found here. One was classified as Type B and the other classified as Type E. They were donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1932.6453 & 6454]. ANT [Not in SMR] Haworth 1971, 26-49.

GLENLESLIE: FLINTS 200m OD; CS 23/27; IG 43; D 1100 1600+ Eight flint arrowheads were found here and became part of the Fawcett Collection. They included seven leafshaped arrowheads and one lozenge-shaped. In 1965 they were purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast. Five flint scrapers, a flint flake and a flint awl were also found here and purchased by the Ulster Museum in 1966. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1967, 21-40; Flanagan et al. 1968, 33-52.

GLENMAKEERAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 154m OD; CS 9; IG 16; D 1648 3737 Gravel extraction from a small sandy hill led to the discovery of a polygonal cist, which contained an Irish Bowl. The Bowl was covered with a cup-marked capstone. Excavation revealed a second polygonal cist, underlying a booley hut and possible settlement site. There are now no visible remains of these features, as the site has been removed by quarrying. ANT 009:057 Williams and Robinson 1983, 29-40.

GLENLESLIE: FLINT JAVELIN HEADS (2) 200m OD; CS 23/27; IG 43; D 1100 1600+ Two leaf-shaped javelin heads of flint, measuring 6.7cm 85

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND GLENWHIRRY: FLINT FLAKE & ARROWHEADS (2) 215m OD; CS 39; IG 82; J 2300 9900+ A triangular flint flake was found here and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 246.1962]. It measured 4.6cm in length, 2.4cm in width and 0.8cm in thickness. A triangular shaped arrowhead was also found here [NMI 589.1961], as well as a hollow-based arrowhead [NMI 422.1959]. ANT [Not in SMR] Lucas et al. 1961, 43-107; Prendergast and Lucas 1963, 115133; Lucas 1964, 85-104. GLENWHIRRY: BRONZE AXE HEADS (3) & SPEARHEAD 215m OD; CS 39; IG 82; J 2300 9900+ The British Association Bronze Age Catalogue recorded two bronze axe heads from Glenwhirry. They were part of the Knowles Collection, but sadly now are lost. They have been attributed to Harbison’s Type Ballyvally. A third plain flat axe head, also in the Keiller-Knowles Collection, is held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. A bronze spearhead was also part of this collection, but has also been lost. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119; Harbison 1968, 50.

Figure 114: Glenmakeeran Bowl (ANT 009:057) (after Williams and Robinson 1983, 34) GLENSTAGHEY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 115m OD; CS 4; IG 2/8; D 0690 4300 This was reported in the OS Memoirs as ‘ruins of several ancient houses, enclosures and fences…a few years back there were found beneath them several small vaults, each containing decayed bone and timber cinders…also found silver coin, Danes pipes, flint arrowheads and sundry other antiques. In sundry parts of Glenstaghey were also found urns of bones in circular vaults…Danes Houses, caves and small vaults and other ancient enclosure… now destroyed.’ Most of these sites have probably been destroyed due to land improvements. They remain unlocated. ANT 004:074 OS Memoir Ballintoy 1838, Document 705; O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol. IV, 339.

GLOONAN: FLINT ARROWHEAD 60m OD; CS 37; IG 67; D 1600 0100+ A flint, hollow-based, triangular arrowhead was found here and became part of the Fawcett Collection. In 1965 it was purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A83.1965]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1967, 21-40.

GLENSTAGHEY: FLINT HOARD 138m OD; CS 4; IG 2/7; D 0660 4400 This large cache of flints, totalling 129 items, was found in 1989 by Mr J. Marshall, in a field at the top of a cliff, with superb views over the headlands. The area is known as Glenstaghey Upper. There were a wide variety of artefact types, described as ‘mostly of the large, flawed type, common on coastal sites and most typical of material still appearing at the White Rocks Portrush’ (SM7 file). ANT 004:078

GLYNN: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 40; IG 70; D 4060 0020 This site is on a raised beach, which has been levelled to create rugby pitches, within a small bay. An exploratory excavation was carried out, during construction of the pitches in 1971. It was concluded that the Mesolithic flint scatter was ‘debris from settlement which lay close to the shoreline...The archaeological material was at a later date washed up into raised beach deposits’. Several struck flints and implements were recovered, during fieldwalking of the area. An archaeological evaluation was carried out, prior to development on an area south-west of this Mesolithic occupation site. Across the whole site, topsoil 0.3m to 0.5m deep lay on orange boulder clay. A single, small area of archaeological activity was identified. This was due to a shallow spread of charcoal rich soil, which had inclusions of burnt bone. The charcoal rich spread measured 0.3m in length, 0.2m in width and 0.05m in depth. It lay in a natural hollow within the subsoil. ANT 040:054 Woodman 1977, 12-20; 1978, 264-265.

GLENWHIRRY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 215m OD; CS 39; IG 69; J 2392 9974 Two bowls were found in two of three cists within a burial cairn, which is also known as the Bishop’s Cairn. This is located on the steep south-facing slope of Brae Hill, which commands a majestic view to the south over the Glenwhirry Valley. All that remains of this cairn is a random scatter of earthfast basaltic boulders. No configuration is apparent. A piped stream runs through the eastern half of the site. A cover stone from one of the destroyed cists is said to have been re-used as a hearth in an Orange Hall, 330m to the south-west. One bowl is held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 3924] and the other at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [AM 1924:926]. ANT 039:005 Abercromby 1912, Vol. 1, fig. 282; Evans Field Notebook II, 45-46; Chart 1940, 32; ApSimon 1969, 59.

*GOODLAND: ASSEMBLAGE 231m OD; CS 9; IG 9; D 1981 4130 This very extensive settlement of booley houses was partially excavated in 1950 and again in 1953, when evidence for Neolithic ritual, early Christian occupation, fifteenth, sixteenth and seventeenth century settlement 86

INVENTORY was discovered. Sherds of Bell Beaker pottery were found and donated to the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. One of the booley houses, House 27, was excavated in 2007 to clarify details of its construction. It measured approximately 12m in length and 5m in width, with opposing doorways and a central hearth. The artefacts, which were recovered, included Neolithic pottery, a porcellanite axe head, several fragments of flint debitage and a sherd of medieval/post-medieval pottery, which are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. The lack of artefacts from the eighteenth century would suggest the house belonged to one of the earlier phases of occupation [Horning and Brannon 2007]. ANT 009:043 Evans 1945, 30; Case 1953, 24; Sidebotham 1950, 44-53; Case et al. 1969, 39-53.

cremated bones. The finds are now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1905:258 & 259]. ANT 026:025 Buick 1890-1891, 433-436; ApSimon 1969, 64; Waddell 1990, 47; Kavanagh 1991, 77-104.

GOODLAND: STONE AXE HEAD 123m OD; CS 5; IG 9; D 2040 4160 A polished basaltic axe head was reported to have been found on a farm at Binvane, in Goodland. ANT [Not in SMR] Evans 1945, 14-32.

Figure 116: Gortereghy Urn (ANT 026:025) (after Buick 1890-1891)

Figure 115: Goodland Axe Head (Not in SMR|) (after Evans 1945, 18)

GORTEREGHY: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 26; IG 42/54; C 9590 1060+ Six flint flakes and three flint scrapers were found at Portna, Gortereghy. They were donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1964, 73-95.

GORTAHERAN: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 50m OD; CS 31; IG 54; C 9700 0800+ A bronze spearhead, with a long angular blade and basal loops, was reported to have been found here. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

GORTEREGHY: BRONZE AXE HEAD & SPEARHEAD 15m OD; CS 26; IG 42/54; C 9590 1060+ A bronze, flat axe head was reported to have been found at ‘Portnashoal, from the Bann’, which was probably at Portna in Gortereghy townland. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. A bronze spearhead was also found at Portna and is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

GORTEREGHY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & BRONZE RAZOR 15m OD; CS 26; IG 42/54; C 9590 1060 This site is in improved grassland, on a south-west facing slope, on top of a small flat topped hill, which is known locally as Shamrock Hill. It was reported by Buick, as an urn burial found on Shamrock Hill by John Mooney. Whilst ploughing the field immediately west of his house, the farmer made this discovery. Enquiries located both John Mooney’s house and also Shamrock Hill. The field, immediately west of the house, is now improved grassland with no visible remains. The findspot could not be exactly located. Current landowners did not know of this urn burial, which has been described as containing cremated bones in a simple pit. The urn has been identified as a cordoned urn and the bronze razor was found among the

GORTGARN: BRONZE AXE HEAD 30m OD; CS 48; IG 94; J 0150 8950+ A bronze socketed axe head was reported in the OS Memoirs to have been found ‘under a block of black oak, on the clay under the surface of Gortgarron Moss’. Its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. GORTGILL: LOGBOAT 15m OD; CS 42; IG 94; H 9950 9230 This logboat was discovered during drainage work in 1983, at Lough Beg on the Lower Bann River. Made of oak, it measured 7.36m in length and 1m in width at the stern. 87

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND It was radiocarbon dated to 350 cal. BC – cal. AD 70. It is currently held in storage with HED. ANT [Not in SMR] Fry 2000, 80-81.

ANT [Not in SMR] Knowles 1908, 21-25.

GORTGILL: STONE AXE HEAD 15m OD; CS 42; IG 94; H 9950 9230+ This porcellanite axe head was reported to have been found near Toome. It is currently held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [AM 1927.4455]. ANT [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-60. GORTGOLE: STONE PICK 30m OD; CS 31; IG 66; C 9650 0650+ A stone pick was reported to have been found here. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Mahr 1930, 73-78.

Figure 118: Gortgole Bronze Cauldron (Not in SMR) (after Knowles 1908, 23) GORTIN: BRONZE AXE HEAD 62m OD; CS 25; IG 35; D 2760 1860 A fragment of a bronze socketed axe head was reported to have been found at Carnlough quarries, after blasting operations in 1920. It was found to have been drilled from both sides and fractured in antiquity. It is held in private ownership. ANT [Not in SMR] Evans 1943, 106-107.

GORTGOLE: HORSE TACK 30m OD; CS 31; IG 66; C 9650 0650+ An early Iron Age undecorated bronze horse bit, classified as Type C, was reported to have been found here, close to Portglenone, during agricultural work. It measured 28cm in length, including the rings, which are 8cm in diameter. When found, it was in good condition. It was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 1936.16]. A bronze, leaf-shaped sword was reported to have been found in the River Bann here. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Buick 1903, 145-151; Watson 1945, 80-119; Haworth 1971, 26-49.

Figure 119: Gortin Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Evans 1943, 107)

Figure 117: Gortgole Horse Bit (Not in SMR) (after Buick 1903, 145)

GORTMILLISH: GOLD BROOCH 180m OD; CS 8; IG 15; D 0970 3480 This artefact has been classified as of Iron Age date. O’Laverty recorded that a gold fibula was found in 1851, on the farm of Bryan O’Byrne, on land which slopes gently down to the south-east. It had been sold to the British Museum in London for £17. The current owner of the land remembers older relatives talking about this and was able to point out the field, in which it was found. No further finds have been made on this site. ANT 008:169 O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol. IV, 443.

GORTGOLE: BRONZE SWORD 30m OD; CS 31; IG 66; C 9650 0650+ A bronze, leaf-shaped sword was reported to have been found in the River Bann here. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Buick 1903, 145-151; Watson 1945, 80-119; Haworth 1971, 26-49. GORTGOLE: BRONZE CAULDRON 30m OD; CS 31; IG 66; C 9650 0650+ A bronze cauldron was reported to have been found in Gortgole Bog in 1898. It was thought by Knowles to have been formed from a single sheet of bronze, which had been beaten into shape. It showed several patches. It measured 28cm wide at the mouth, 24cm wide at the base and 13cm in height.

GORTNACOR: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 30m OD; CS 67; IG 164; J 1900 6100 Several urns were found within this townland, during the course of gravel excavation over several years c.1900. It is probably the site of a flat cemetery. ApSimon (1969) records the finding of an ‘Urn and relief-decorated urn 88

INVENTORY GRANGE OF MALLUSK: FLINT FLAKE 123m OD; CS 56; IG 113; J 2966 8291 A flint flake, measuring 5.4cm in length, was found 46m south-south-west of a standing stone at Hyde Park Manse. It was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [438.1962]. ANT [Not in SMR]. Flanagan 1964, 73-95.

(11+ urns found previous and since)’. Two of these urns are held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1900:48-49]. ANT 067:071 Milligan 1906, 42-46; ApSimon 1969, 61. GORTNACOR: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & STONE AXE HEAD 30m OD; CS 67; IG 164; J 2000 6100 Three urns and a polished stone axe head were dug up, during the nineteenth century. The site cannot now be located. On one occasion, eleven urns were found in a straight line, buried in the sand at a depth of 45cm-60cm. All the urns were inverted over burnt bones and charcoal. ANT 067:072 Milligan 1906, 44; Waddell 1990, 47.

GRANGE PARK: BRONZE AXE HEAD 20m OD; CS 42; IG 79; J 0100 9500+ A bronze flanged axe head was reported to have been found here and became part of the Knowles Collection. Its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. GREAT DEER PARK: COPPER AXE HEAD 20m OD; CS 29; IG 57; D 2900 1100+ A copper flat axe head was reported to have been found at Glenarm Deerpark and became part of the Knowles Collection. It is now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

GORTNACOR UPPER: STONE AXE HEAD 37m OD; CS 67; IG 164; J 1944 6188 The present owner was told of the discovery of a polished stone axe in this field c.1900, during sand quarrying. Sand was quarried here again in the 1940s, but there were no further finds. ANT 067:073 GORTNAMADDY or WHITE HALL: ASSEMBLAGE 62m OD; CS 8; IG 8; D 1010 4102 This is possibly a Ritual Site. Topsoil stripping for a proposed GAA pitch at 18 Whitepark Road, Ballycastle, revealed a series of potential archaeological features, which were subsequently excavated. A ditch contained a wide variety of Bronze Age pottery and worked flint, which ranged in date from late Mesolithic to late Neolithic. Its primary fill gave a radiocarbon date of 2273-2137 cal. BC, placing this within the early part of the Bronze Age. No evidence for structures was present within the enclosed area, although there were several features outside it, including pits, stakeholes and a possible fulacht fia. Traces of a possible external stone revetment, along with the wide range of funerary pottery and flint tools from the ditch fill, suggest this may be the remains of a ritual site, rather than a settlement. ANT 008:167

GREENAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 123m OD; CS 9; IG 16; D 1398 3495 This is described in the OS Memoirs as ‘a small sandy hill, which seems to have been artificially raised and beneath the surface of which were discovered… several vaults.’ The cists contained bones, ashes, sand and also urn burials. The present landowner pointed out the spot, where a rectangular cist with ashes was discovered c.1920. There are no visible remains of the mound, or of any cist burials. ANT 009:174 OS Memoir Culfeightrin 1838-1839, 3-5; Hill 1860, 22-24; O’Laverty 1887, Vol. IV, 458-459. GREENAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 165m OD; CS 14; IG 16; D 1400 3300 In 1945 Evans recorded the discovery of an urn in a cist burial ‘about 10 years ago…on the farm of Joe McBride…I have not yet been able to make enquiries of Mr McBride.’ Enquiries made with local people provided no further information about the location of the cist. ANT 014:014 Evans 1945, 26.

GRANGE OF CARMAVY: BRONZE SWORD 130M OD; CS 55; IG 128; J 2100 8100+ A bronze, leaf-shaped sword was reported in the OS Memoirs to have been found here. Its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

GREENCASTLE: BRONZE SWORD 10m OD; CS 57; IG 130; J 3450 8000+ A bronze leaf-shaped sword was reported to have been found here. It formed part of the Grainger Collection and is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

GRANGE OF MALLUSK: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 154m OD; CS 56; IG 113; J 3000 8200 During the course of topsoil stripping, as part of ongoing works on the Mayfield Housing Development, the remains of five fulachtaí fia were uncovered. Further excavations in 2005 uncovered an urn burial, cremated remains, pits and flints ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2001; 2006.

HALF UMRY: FLINT FLAKE 20m OD; CS 50; IG 96; J 1350 8750+ A flint Bann flake was reported to have been found ‘sticking out of the bank of a small stream’ here. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin 89

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND [NMI 7.1966]. It measured 6cm in length, 3.1cm in width and 1cm in thickness. ANT [Not in SMR] Lucas 1968, 93-159.

to 21 May 2008. The proposed quarry extension area measured c.290m north/south and c.540m east/west. A number of scattered, subsoil-cut, archaeological features were identified, during the course of monitoring works at the site. The partial remains, from a fragmentary pot of probable Western Neolithic form, were found within a natural depression. A truncated pit contained traces of charred hazelnut shell, as well as a small number of pottery sherds of probable Neolithic date. Another pit was located 24m east of the truncated pits and contained four pieces of flint. Further excavation, which took place in 2009, revealed evidence of bedding trenches, post and stake holes, house structures and cooking pits. ANT [Not in SMR] Bennett 2011, 12.

HOLESTONE: STONE AXE HEAD 120m OD; CS 51; IG 97; J 2400 9000 A stone axe head, polished over most of its surface, was reported to be found here. It is made from dark grey igneous rock. It measured 8.6cm in length, 4.3cm in width and 3.2cm in thickness. It is held in private ownership. ANT [Not in SMR] Williams and Yates 1981-1982, 187.

KELLS: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINT ARROWHEAD 62m OD; CS 38; IG 81; J 1400 9700 Despite enquiries with several local informants in Kells village, no information was forthcoming on this findspot. The urn and also an arrowhead are described by Knowles, who merely states that he received them ‘from the neighbourhood of Kells, Co Antrim.’ The site has not been precisely located. ANT 038:043 Knowles 1895, 93-94. KELLS: COPPER AXE HEAD 62m OD; CS 38; IG 81; J 1400 9700+ A copper flat axe head was reported to have been found here. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. KILBRIDE: STONE AXE HEAD 100m OD; CS 45; IG 97; J 2520 9090 A fragment of a polished stone axe head was reported to be found here. It measured 8.8cm in length, 5.5cm in width and 1.5cm in thickness. It is held in private ownership. ANT [Not in SMR] Williams and Yates 1981-1982, 187.

Figure 120: Holestone Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Williams and Yates 1981-1982, 187) INISHLOUGHLIN: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) & FLINTS 38m OD; CS 67; IG 164; J 1747 6095 This site was excavated during gas pipeline works. It consisted of a portion of a Neolithic palisade slot, which was cut by two modern field boundaries. The slot contained a substantial amount of early Neolithic pottery and flints. ANT [Not in SMR] Bennett 2009, 18.

KILCOAN MORE: ASSEMBLAGE 92m OD; CS 41; IG 71; J 4607 9963 This is one of a series of sites, excavated along the line of the Phoenix Gas Belfast Transmission Pipeline. The excavations revealed two rectangular features, part of a linear gully and several post holes. Finds were mostly of flint, but two sherds of late Bronze Age Pottery were also recovered. A polished stone axe head was found here and became part of the W.A. Green Collection. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 276.1959]. ANT 041:044 Flanagan 1960, 41-60; Crothers 1996.

ISLAND KELLY: BRONZE AXE HEAD 120m OD; CS 63; IG 145; J 2100 7000+ A bronze, flat axe head was reported to have been found at Stonyford. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. JOCKEYSQUARTER: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) & FLINTS 246m OD; CS 39; IG 70; D 2500 0050 Monitoring of topsoil stripping was carried out at the proposed quarry extension at Craig’s Quarry, Jockeysquarter, Glenwhirry, Ballymena, from 28 April

KILCROAGH: ASSEMBLAGE 107m OD; CS 13; IG 23; D 0763 3055 This is a flat cemetery, which is located on good, well maintained grassland, in generally undulating arable 90

INVENTORY KILLYCREEN: FLINT ARROWHEAD 92m OD; CS 27; IG 43; D 0500 1500 A flint, barbed and tanged arrowhead was found at Doughry. There is no townland of this name and the grid reference given (D 0515) is in Killycreen townland. It measured 5.1cm in length. It was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [167.1960]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1963, 105-111.

and pasture. The site has a very gradual incline towards higher ground at the east. The site, consisting of four Bronze Age burials, was discovered during the removal of a gravel knoll, used in the construction of a laneway. The burials lay c.0.3m below the ground surface. Three cordoned urns, beads, a bronze knife and bone objects were also found. Radiocarbon dates of 1941-1745 cal. BC were obtained. ANT 013:079 Williams et al. 1991-1992, 48-60.

KILLYGARN: FLINT KNIVES (2) & FLINT SCRAPER 30m OD; CS 36; IG 66; H 9950 9950+ Two flint knives were reported to have been found at Killyharn, but there is no townland of this name, so the findspot is probably Killygarn townland. The items were donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 805 & 817.1960]. A flint hollow scraper was also found here and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 590.1960]. ANT [Not in SMR] Prendergast and Lucas 1962, 139-173. KILLYGLEN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 175m OD; CS 35; IG 70; D 3600 0400 An Irish Bowl was reported to have been found here and donated to the British Museum in London [BM 1853.1216]. ANT [Not in SMR] Abercromby 1912, Fig. 301; ApSimon 1969, 59. KILLYGORE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 123m OD; CS 27; IG 43; D 1203 1265 This was reported in the OS Memoirs, as two urns filled with burned bones and ashes, which were found in 1830 a short distance north-west of a fort (ANT 027:023). The current landowners knew of the finding of these two urns and were able to point out the general area of the findspot. The area lies on and very near the summit of a steep hill, commanding extensive views in all directions, particularly to the west of the Clogh River. The area is improved grassland and there are now no visible remains. ANT 027:086 OS Memoir Skerry, 1835, 8; O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol. IV, 457.

Figure 121: Kilcroagh Urn (ANT 013:079) (after Williams et al. 1991-1992, 49) KILLYCREEN: ASSEMBLAGE 62m OD; CS 27; IG 43; D 0478 1388 This site is at Main View, in improved grassland, with a good view of the River Main to the east. It is located 130m north of a standing stone (ANT 027:007). This was designated Urns found (AD 1891) on the third and fourth edition OS maps, but it was not marked on the current Irish Grid map. The urns were accompanied by a ringheaded bone pin and two plano-convex knives (now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 3923:K13 & 4181:K14]. The findspot of these urns, which formed part of a flat cemetery, has been incorporated into a farmyard, now built over and destroyed. Two large silage barns now occupy the site. Waddell (1990) refers to a probable cist burial and an urn burial in Glarryford or Killycreen townland. These are all probably from the same site. ANT 027:008 Waddell 1990, 47.

KILLYLESS: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & BRONZE RAZOR 160m OD; CS 31; IG 54; D 0100 0600+ A bronze razor was reported to have been found ‘in a cinerary urn’ here. It is thought to date to the late Bronze Age and has been classified as Class IV. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [1924.546]. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119; Hodges 1956, 29-56.

KILLYCREEN: FLINT SCRAPER 90m OD; CS 27; IG 43; D 0500 1500+ A flint end scraper was found here and became part of the Fawcett Collection. In 1966 it was purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A.31]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan et al. 1968, 33-52.

KILLYMADDY: STONE MOULDS (2) 40m OD; CS 21/22; IG 31; C 9300 1900+ These two steatite and sandstone moulds were found during ploughing. They include moulds, which were designed for casting socketed kite-shaped spearheads, dirks, sickles and tanged blades. The site has given its name to a metalworking phase, which dated to around 1500-1350 BC. The moulds are now held at the National 91

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1911.73-79]. ANT [Not in SMR] Hodges 1954, 76; Kavanagh 1991, 77-104; Waddell 1998, 179; Boutoille 2012.

Figure 123: Killyree Bowl (ANT 027:050) (after Knowles 1895, 98)

Figure 124: Killyree Bowl [base of] (ANT 027:050) (after Knowles 1895, 98) KILMAHAMOGUE: WOODEN FORMER 62m OD; CS 8; IG 7; D 0300 3800+ A wooden former, also referred to as a shield mould and attributed to the late Bronze Age, was reported to have been found ‘in a bog at Kilmahamogue, Ballinlea, four miles west of Ballycastle’. It was a disc, measuring 3-4cm in thickness and 46cm in length. When found, it was oval-shaped, although it is thought that it was probably originally circular. It had two concentric channels, in which there were notches. The central hollow, which would have formed the boss, had been broken off. The wood was thought to be alder. ANT [Not in SMR] Jope 1951, 62.

Figure 122: Killymaddy Stone Moulds (Not in SMR) (after Waddell 1998, 179) KILLYREE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 92m OD; CS 27; IG 43/55; D 1000 1200 This was reported by Knowles, as a cist burial with an urn, found in January 1887, ‘while lowering an elevation on the old county road from Ballymena to Clough.’ He continued that, ‘something like ashes had been discovered inside the vessel, but this matter was not preserved.’ Enquiries in the townland failed to locate the site of this cist with an urn burial. The site may have been built over and destroyed by subsequent widening of the Cloughwater Road. The urn and cist were removed to the residence of Reverend Cannon Grainger at St Patrick’s House Broughshane, where the cist was reconstructed in the garden. The urn is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast and has been classified as an Irish Bowl [UM 3940. K16]. ANT 027:050 Knowles 1895, 96-98 and 1889, 109-110; Watson 1945, 80119; Hodges 1956, 29-56.

Figure 125: Kilmahamogue Wooden Former (Not in SMR) (after Jope 1951, Pl. 8) 92

INVENTORY KILMAKEE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 20m OD; CS 64; IG 146; J 2820 6710 This site is also known as The Burial Field. In 1849, ‘pagan remains’ were found in a sandhill, in a field always known as ‘burial field’, close to a river. Three Bronze Age urns, with bones, were found. In 1855, a chamber was identified ‘hollowed out of earth, large enough for a man, but containing only a slate implement [possibly a javelin head].’ Much flint was uncovered each year after ploughing. The site cannot now be precisely located, but the pottery is held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1936:3462]. ANT 064:071 Carruthers 1855, 127-128; O’Laverty 1880, Vol. II, 340; Buick 1895, 59; Waddell 1990, 48.

KILRAGHTS: STONE AXE HEAD 100m OD; CS 17; IG 22; D 0200 2600+ A short, grey stone axe head, polished only over the cutting edge, was found here by students of Ballymoney Secondary School. It measured 7.4cm in length. It is held within the school collection. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1964, 96-102. KILROOT: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 53; IG 99; J 4416 8855 This site is close to the shoreline of Belfast Lough. A report in 1868 notes the discovery of flint, in a gravel bank, which stands 6.2m in height, near the old railway station at Kilroot. Flint was also discovered at various locations, along the shores of Belfast Lough. The area is now in the grounds of Kilroot power station and some of the ground around the site is modern fill. Forty-eight flint flakes were recovered here and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 130-177.1962]. All showed signs of rolling and retouching. ANT 053:013 Day 1868, 147-148; Lucas 1964, 85-104. KILROOT: FLINTS 30m OD; CS 53; IG 99; J 4503 8964 This site was located at Fort Road, Kilroot. Although no archaeological features were uncovered, a Neolithic flint thumbnail scraper and a broken flint scraper were recovered, during topsoil stripping. ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2010.

Figure 126: Kilmakee Urn (ANT 064:071) (after Carruthers 1855, 128)

KINKEEL: POTTERY (UNCLASSIFIED) & FLINTS 20m OD; CS 1; IG 3; D 1493 4989 Three fields in this townland on Rathlin Island all produced Neolithic flint and one field produced two pieces of decorated pottery. ANT 001:087

KILMORE: HORSE TACK 250m OD; CS 20; IG 35; D 2250 2400+ An early Iron Age bronze horse bit, classified as Type B, was reported to have been found here. It was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 1910.654]. ANT [Not in SMR] Haworth 1971, 26-49.

KINRAMER SOUTH: FLINTS 60m OD; CS 1; IG 3; D 1086 5091 This site on Rathlin Island came to light, based on information passed on to HED c.1976. The location given is unlikely to be correct, as it lies in soft, low ground at the western end of a small lake. A short distance to the north-west is a hill of basalt, known locally as Moylecrock, which is barely covered by a thin layer of blanket peat. Many small pieces of mainly unworked, red coloured flint do litter this area. There are many similar occurrences of flint throughout the island. ANT 001:001

KILMOYANGEY: LOGBOAT 123m OD; CS 18; IG 22; D 0350 2530 This short, trough-like craft was discovered in a bog, north of Kilraghts. The hull was flat-bottomed, but rose sharply at rounded ends, each of which was of considerable thickness. At either end, stumpy projections may have served as carrying handles. It had an approximate length of 2.4m, with a beam of 58cm and height of 33cm. It was radiocarbon dated to 760-400 cal. BC. ANT [Not in SMR] Fry 2000, 62.

KIRKHILL: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 50m OD; CS 12; IG 22; C 9700 2900+ A bronze, leaf-shaped spearhead with loops on the socket, was reported to have been found here. It is currently held at the British Museum in London. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

KILNACOLPAGH: FLINT HOARD 200m OD; CS 34; IG 57; J 2400 0900+ Although not precisely located, this hoard of over twenty flint implements, which were mainly concave and convex scrapers, was found in the valley of the River Braid. This was interpreted as a workman’s toolkit. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1966, 82; Waddell 1998, 52.

93

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND KIRKINRIOLA: FLINT KNIFE 50m OD; CS 32; IG 55; J 1300 0500+ A flint knife was found here. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 818.1960]. ANT [Not in SMR] Prendergast and Lucas 1962, 139-173

KNOCKANS [FINVOY]: STONE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 22; IG 32; C 9500 1900+ A porcellanite axe head was reported to have been found here. It is currently held in private ownership. ANT [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-60.

KIRKMOYLE: BRONZE SPEARHEAD & AXE HEAD 60m OD; CS 12; IG 22; C 9200 2800+ A bronze kite-shaped spearhead with loops on the socket and a bronze socketed axe head were found during peatcutting here. They were acquired by HED. ANT [Not in SMR] Hodges 1957, 64-69.

KNOCKANS [FINVOY]: BRONZE AXE HEADS (3) 50m OD; CS 22; IG 32; C 9500 1900+ A bronze flat axe head was reported to have been found, during ploughing activities on the farm of William Keers. The axe head is held in private ownership. Two further axe heads were found here and sold to a Portrush dealer. ANT [Not in SMR] Evans 1947, 66-68.

Figure 127: Kirkmoyle Artefacts (Not in SMR) (after Hodges 1957, 66)

Figure 128: Knockans [Finvoy] Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Evans 1947, 66)

*KNOCKAHOLET: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 123m OD; CS 18; IG 33; D 0490 2305 This site consists of an oval motte, measuring 7.8m north-south and 6.3m east-west on top and 22m northsouth and 20m east-west at the base. The top of the motte is enclosed by a small bank measuring 1.6m in width, 0.5m above the interior and 5m above a filled-in ditch around the motte base. The motte stands in a large oval enclosure, probably a bailey, which measured 53m northsouth and 43m east-west, defined by a steep scarp and enclosed by traces of an outer ditch. Two urns were found in an outer bank, south of the bailey in 1935. There is now no trace of this bank. ANT 018:019 Henry 1934, 264-265; Lawlor 1934, 171-172 and 1939, 4654; Chart 1940, 19 and Pl 3; McNeill 1975, 52 No. 54.

KNOCKANS [RATHLIN ISLAND]: ASSEMBLAGE 40m OD; CS 1; IG 3; D 1305 5155 This habitation site on Rathlin Island is also known as Shandragh and Knockans South. Finds of Neolithic stone axes and four rough-outs, one of which was broken and one complete, were discovered in the garden of a house, along with hundreds of flint flakes. A small scale excavation showed that a settlement site had existed in the area, which was now used as a garden. As a result of damage to the site, finds are out of context. Further, more detailed excavations in 1994 and 1995 revealed a complex setting of post holes and pits forming an arc, directly upslope of a midden deposit. This midden produced a massive amount of late Neolithic decorated pottery and lithics, including flint tools, porcellanite tools, some pitchstone and a pebble macehead. Evidence for Bronze Age and early Christian activity was also found. ANT 001:082 Conway 1996. KNOCKANS [RATHLIN ISLAND]: STONE AXE HEADS (3) 50m OD; CS 1; IG 3; D 1260 5145 This polished stone axe head was uncovered, while digging potatoes in 1947. It measured 10.8cm in length and 5.7cm in width. It was badly chipped behind the cutting edge and the butt was truncated. It was one of three axe heads found at this time. It was presented to

Plate 25: Knockaholet Urns (ANT 018:019) (after Henry 1934, Pl. XXVII) 94

INVENTORY Armagh County Museum by Mr Morrison of Knockans [ACM 80-55]. ANT [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 32.

the rampart stood 8 to 12 ft. [2.5-4m] above its bottom’. It was first excavated by Gordon Childe in 1935, who, while working in the western part of the interior, was able to distinguish within a comparatively small area, at least four phases of occupation on and in, as well as under, the rampart debris. The site was excavated again in the 1960s by Proudfoot and Wilson. Flint and stone tools were recovered during the excavations. The artefacts were attributed to Neolithic or Bronze Age occupation of the headland, before the construction of the promontory fort. ANT 004:005 OS Memoirs, Ballintoy, Fagan 1838, Box 3, 2, 2; Childe 1936, 179-198; Proudfoot and Wilson 1961-1962, 91-115.

KNOCKAVRINNAN: STONE BATTLE AXE HEAD 130m OD; CS 18; IG 23; D 0880 2820 This stone battle axe head was recovered at Glenbush. It was classified as of the Early Series by Derek Simpson. It is currently held at the God’s Tower House Museum, in Southampton. ANT [Not in SMR] Simpson 1990, 38. KNOCKBOY: ASSEMBLAGE 31m OD; CS 33; IG 56; D 1400 0800 Despite extensive enquiries in this townland and in the nearby village of Broughshane, no information about this urn burial was recovered, nor did any tradition about it survive. The site is not marked on any OS map. The precise location of the burial remains unknown, but is referred to as New Field by ApSimon. A Pigmy cup, a quoit-shaped faience bead and a bronze palstave were also found with this urn burial. Finds are currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1927:811-812]. ANT 033:056 Rynne 1964, 62-66; ApSimon 1969, 65.

LADYHILL: DECORATED STONE 185m OD; CS 44; IG 96; J 1600 9100 This decorated stone, measuring 38cm in length, 30cm in width and 11cm in thickness, was located in a field at Lady Hill Farm. When examined, it was thought to be part of a larger stone, now lost. It had two cup marks, each measuring 10cm in diameter. It was removed and re-used as a headstone in the graveyard of the Old Meeting House in Antrim (ANT 050:173). ANT 044:081 Smith 1898, 261. LARNE: STONE AXE HEAD & PICK 80m OD; CS 40; IG 70; D 4000 0200+ A stone axe head and pick were reported to have been found here. They were donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Mahr 1930, 73-78. LARNE: ASSEMBLAGE 80m OD; CS 40; IG 70; D 4000 0200+ Two flint flakes, described as of the Larne Type, with one measuring 12cm in length 6.3cm in width and the other 10.8cm in length and 3.4cm in width, were found at Larne. Also found was a flint axe head, which measured 13.3cm in length, 4.7cm in width and 2.5cm in thickness. A flint artefact referred to as a ‘pick type’ was also found. They were purchased from the Robert Bell Collection by Armagh County Museum. ANT [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 26.

Figure 129: Knockboy Artefacts (ANT 033:056) (after Rynne 1964, 63) KNOCKSOGHEY: ASSEMBLAGE 40m OD; CS 4; IG 8; D 0482 4512 This promontory fort was depicted as a circular enclosure on the first edition (1839) OS six-inch map. It is situated on Larry Bane Head, c. 1km north of Ballintoy village. It has been largely destroyed by quarrying, but projects north between Boheeshane Bay and Larry Bane Bay. The promontory is composed of chalk, overlooking Sheep Island, with extensive views of Rathlin Island to the north-east and good views, up and down the coastline to the north-west and south-east. It is an exposed site, with the promontory falling away sheer down the cliffs, some 40m to the sea on the west and north. On the south-east it is confined by a quarry face. In 1838 Fagan recorded the ditch as ‘23 feet [7m] wide, and the top of

LARNE: FLINTS 80m OD; CS 40; IG 70; D 4000 0200+ Four flint flakes were found here and included in the W.A. Green Collection. In 1959 they were purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast. A flint, leaf-shaped arrowhead, measuring 4.6cm in length, was found at Larne. It was included in the Fawcett Collection and was also purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A2.1965]. A flint knife from here was purchased in 1966 [A80.1966]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1960, 41-60; Flanagan 1967, 21-40; Flanagan et al. 1968, 33-52.

95

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND LARNE: FLINT ARROWHEADS (2) & FLINT FLAKES 80m OD; CS 40; IG 70; D 4000 0200+ Two barbed and tanged arrowheads of flint were found here and were included in the Fawcett Collection. In 1965 these were purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A140, A154.1965]. Nineteen flint flakes were recovered here and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 195-213.1962]. All showed signs of rolling and retouching. ANT [Not in SMR] Lucas 1964, 85-104; Flanagan 1967, 21-40.

LEGALOY: AMBER BEADS 123m OD; CS 45; IG 97; J 3190 9250 Mrs Parkes, the owner of ANT 045:023, ANT 045:052 and ANT 045:053 (rath and souterrains), remarked that she had come across a reference to the discovery of amber beads in the bog, within an area of ground on her land. This is the location of an aerial photograph site (ANT 045:090). The field is shown as an area of roughly marshy ground on the six inch OS map. ANT 045:125

LARNE: BRONZE AXE HEADS (6) 80m OD; CS 40; IG 70; D 4000 0200+ Three bronze flat axe heads and two flanged axe heads were reported to have been found here. Two flat axe heads are now held at the Cheltenham Museum in England and the third, which formed part of the Adams Collection, is held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. One of the flanged axe heads is held at the Cheltenham Museum in England and the other is held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. A socketed axe head was also found here and was recorded in the Knowles Catalogue. Its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

LEMNAGH BEG: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 92m OD; CS 4; IG 7; D 0100 4300 This was reported in the OS Memoirs, as three urn burials, which had been found in a stone quarry in 1833 ‘They were situated in a direct line c.1yd [0.9m] distant from each other and covered the mouth each with a flat stone, but so decayed that they crumbled down on being lifted out.’ Despite enquiries with all the landowners in the townland, no-one had heard of these urn burials. There are many, small disused quarries on the southern side of the White Park Road. However, this site, which had probably been destroyed, could not be located. ANT 004:092 O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol. IV, 331; Waddell 1990, 48.

LARNE: BRONZE SPEARHEADS (3) 80m OD; CS 40; IG 70; D 4000 0200+ Three bronze spearheads were reported to have been found here. One is described as having a leaf-shaped blade, with loops on the socket. They are now held at the Cheltenham Museum in England. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

LEMNALARY MOUNTAIN: FLINTS 330m OD; CS 25; IG 35; D 2730 1990 This site, within a cave, was investigated by Woodman in 1981. A small scatter of flint flakes and debris was found. This was thought to represent the remains of an iron ore mine. ANT [Not in SMR] Manning and Hurl 1989/1990, 68.

LAVIN LOWER: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 123m OD; CS 18; IG 33; D 0650 2360 This site is also in Lavin Upper townland. This was reported in OS Memoirs, as an urn burial found in 1813. This urn burial was located under one of three large stones, which had been removed from a cornfield. Local residents had never heard of this urn burial. The site has not been located. ANT 018:069 OS Memoir Loughuile, 1837-1838, 4; O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol. IV, 99.

LEMNALARY MOUNTAIN: FLINTS 330m OD; CS 25; IG 35; D 2700 2000 An excavation by Woodman here in 1982 revealed two hut circles, within an enclosure. These were little more than rings of stones, placed on deliberately created clay mounds, with no discernible internal features. Beneath one hut circle was a wall, a hearth and a slab-lined drain. Beneath the other was a piece of iron and some struck flints. ANT [Not in SMR] Manning and Hurl 1989/1990, 68.

LEGACURRY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 92m OD; CS 18; IG 22; D 0200 2500 This was recorded in the OS Memoirs as ‘An urn of bones was found 4 years ago in a potato field …but all lost.’ Noone in the townland had ever heard of this urn burial or the farm of William Smiley. The site has not been located. ANT 018:067 OS Memoir Kilraghts, 1837-1838, 9.

*LINFORD: ASSEMBLAGE 215m OD; CS 34; IG 57; D 3190 0730 This area of land, between a secondary road and Linford Water to the west, is laid out in broad cultivation ridges. The cultivation was found to date to the seventeenth century and overlaid Neolithic occupation, which had been largely destroyed by the later cultivation. An intact Bronze Age cairn was fully excavated, but now it no longer exists. In 2011, further excavation, in advance of the construction of a wind turbine, uncovered the remains of a ditch, which contained pottery dating to the Bronze Age. ANT 034:054 Excavations.ie, 1990; 1991; 2011.

LEGAGRANE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 185m OD; CS 24; IG 44; D 1600 1700 A collared urn was reported to have been found here. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 1911:328]. ANT [Not in SMR] Patterson 1880; ApSimon 1969, 64. 96

INVENTORY LINFORD: FLINTS 290m OD; CS 35; IG 58; D 3335 0722 This site was discovered in 2008, following the erosion of a bank. This occurred on one side of the bank, which formed part of a system of braided hollow-ways, of uncertain date. Samples of the worked and unworked flint were examined. They were found to date from the Neolithic or Bronze Age. They were possibly associated with the extraction and primary working of flint nodules, which had been derived from the underlying chalk bedrock. ANT [Not in SMR] Cameron et al. 2010, 1-4.

LISBURN: BRONZE RAPIERS (3) 50m OD; CS 68; IG 165; J 2600 6400 Three bronze rapiers were reported to have been found here. Two formed part of the Hunt-Ball Collection in Limerick, but their current location is unknown. The third is held in private ownership. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. LISCOLMAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 70m OD; CS 7; IG 14; C 9830 3640 The OS Memoirs note that several broken urns were found, beneath the surface on the farm of James Dinsmore. The urns were said to have been empty. The owner of ‘Liscolman’ (ANT 007:009) believes that a farm to the south may once have been owned by Dinsmores. The current owners are fairly recent to this area. They recalled that they bought the farm from Taggarts, but had no further knowledge regarding the history of the farm or about these artefacts. ANT 007:107

LISBURN: STONE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 68; IG 165; J 2600 6400+ A porcellanite axe head was reported to have been found at Lisburn. It is currently held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [AM 1927. 4569]. ANT [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-60. LISBURN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 50m OD; CS 68; IG 165; J 2600 6400 A vase was reported to have been found here and donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 1911:319]. ANT [Not in SMR] ApSimon 1969, 61.

LISCONNAN: WOODEN STAKES 31m OD; CS 12; IG 14; C 9500 3200 This was reported in the OS Memoirs, as having been found in a bog close to the river Bush. During draining of the bog ‘a long row of stakes or palisading was also recently discovered about 4 feet [1.2m] from the surface of the bog. The stakes were 4 inches [10cm] square and from 3-4 foot [0.9m – 1.2m] long. They did not rest on the subsoil’. The current owner of Lisconnan pointed out the area along the east side of the river, which had then been part of the estate. He also stated that he had never heard of any stakes or palisading having been found within it. ANT 012:037

LISBURN: BRONZE AXE HEADS (9) 50m OD; CS 68; IG 165; J 2600 6400+ Four bronze flat axe heads, one of which was decorated, were reported to have been found here. Three became part of the Robb and Richardson Collections and are held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. The location of the fourth is unknown. Two flanged axe heads were also found here, but their current location is unknown. Three bronze palstave axe heads were also found. One formed part of the Keiller-Knowles Collection and is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. The other two formed part of the Robb Collection and are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

LISGLASS: FLINT FLAKES 215m OD; CS 52; IG 98; J 3365 8980 This site is on good pasture, with a very slight ridge, where a round mound of earth and stone was situated. It measured approximately 17m in diameter and according to the owner, stood 1m-1.2m high. In 1979 it was levelled and removed. The possible remains of a circular outer bank, although much reduced in size, measured approximately 25m in diameter. Three waste flint flakes were found within the old ground surface. ANT 052:002 OS Memoir Ballynure, 1839, 8-9.

LISBURN: BRONZE AXE HEADS (9) & SPEARHEADS (2) 50m OD; CS 68; IG 165; J 2600 6400+ Six bronze socketed axe heads and a bronze spearhead were reported to have been found here. They became part of the Robb and Richardson Collections. They are held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. Another socketed axe head is held at the British Museum in London and another is at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. Another socketed axe head was recorded in the Day Catalogue, but its current location is unknown. A second bronze spearhead, with ‘eyelets in blade’, was donated to the British Museum in London. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

LISMURNAGHAN: FLINT ARROWHEAD 100m OD; CS 37; IG 67; D 0450 0150+ A flint, sub-triangular arrowhead was reported to have been found here. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 646.1961]. ANT [Not in SMR] Prendergast and Lucas 1963, 115-133. LISNACROGHER: HOARD 92m OD; CS 27; IG 55; D 1150 0990 This site is also referred to as Carncroagh, although it is not marked on any OS map. Wakeman reported that during turf-cutting in the 1880s in Lisnacrogher Bog, a 97

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND LISNAHILT: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 165m OD; CS 33; IG 68; D 1700 0300 This site was reported by Knowles as being about four miles east of Ballymena. It was uncovered during agricultural works and restored by Knowles himself. The finder reported the presence of ashes in the urn, when it was found. An undecorated urn and other items of pottery had been found in adjoining fields. The site has not been precisely located. ANT [Not in SMR] Knowles 1895, 91-93.

timber structure and many artefacts of various dates, including a decorated scabbard, were uncovered. A local informant pointed out the general area of this possible crannog. It seems likely, that due to extensive reclamation, the site has been destroyed. ANT 027:049 Wood-Martin 1886; Wakeman 1891, 542-545; Mallory and McNeill 1991, 156.

Figure 130: Lisnacrogher scabbard (ANT 027:049) (after Wood-Martin 1886, Pl. XL)

Figure 132: Lisnahilt Urn (Not in SMR) (after Knowles 1895, 92)

LISNAGAT: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 8; IG 14; D 0220 3671 An urn was discovered in 1952, within an unlined grave, which measured 1.85m in length and 0.77m in width. No trace of any bone was found. The urn is held at QUB Archaeology Department. It was on level ground, overlooking the Inver Burn. There are now no visible remains of the urn or the grave and the site has been traversed by a modern field boundary. The course of the river has been altered in recent years. ANT 008:029 Jope and Jope 1950, 66-70.

*LISNAHUNSHIN: BRONZE AXE HEAD 154m OD; CS 31; IG 54; D 0070 0809 A bronze, flat axe head was reported to have been found in Lough Tamin crannog and became part of the D’Evelyn Collection. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT 031:038 Watson 1945, 80-119. LISNALINCHY: FLINTS 140m OD; CS 51; IG 97; J 3093 8833 This site was uncovered during a road improvement scheme (A8). It was situated on agricultural land to the north of Coleman’s Corner. A hearth and a large buried stone, which was thought to have been a standing stone, were discovered. A small number of flint artefacts were recovered. ANT [Not in SMR] Barkley 2016, 1-56. LISNASOO: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 91m OD; CS 23; IG 43; D 0565 1642 This site was excavated in advance of a road scheme (A26). Three distinct periods of activity were identified, a late Mesolithic camp site, a Bronze Age fulachta fiadh and a Bronze Age camp site. Finds included 11 sherds of Bronze Age pottery, including 2 sherds from a burial urn and 26 flints, which included a flint knife. ANT [Not in SMR] Nicol and Barkley 2015-2016, 1-56.

Figure 131: Lisnagat Urn (ANT 008:029) (after Jope and Jope 1950, 67) 98

INVENTORY LISNATAYLOR: COLLECTION 123m OD; CS 55; IG 128; J 2080 8010 An assemblage of prehistoric artefacts was brought to the attention of HED personnel in 1980. It had been collected by the family of Mr McCreight, between 1853 and 1948, on their land. However, no specific locations had been recorded. The assemblage included flint and bronze axe heads, flint tools and weapons, beads and pins. ANT [Not in SMR] Williams and Yates 1980, 104-105.

LITTLE BALLYMENA: FLINTS 142m OD; CS 51; IG 97; J 3126 8901 This site was discovered during an A8 road improvement scheme in 2012 and was referred to as Little Ballymena 1 by the excavators. A late Bronze Age structure was found, with flints, which included one flint tool. A radiocarbon date of 937-816 cal. BC was obtained. ANT [Not in SMR] Barkley 2016, 1-56. LITTLE BALLYMENA: FLINTS 143m OD; CS 51; IG 97; J 3131 8925 This site was discovered during an A8 road improvement scheme in 2012 and was referred to as Little Ballymena 2 by the excavators. A Mesolithic oven and a late Neolithic spread were found. The artefacts recovered included one flint flake and one flint scraper. A radiocarbon date of 2908-2751 cal. BC was obtained. ANT [Not in SMR] Barkley 2016, 1-56. LIVERY UPPER: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 13; IG 22; D 0257 3084 This site is on a low ridge of glacial sand, which had previously been used as a quarry. It overlooked lower land towards the River Bush, where a pit, measuring 0.9m-1.2m deep and wide, was exposed within the quarry face. This contained two urns. Approximately 6.2m to the west, another urn was uncovered, which contained cremated bones. A fourth urn was recovered from the bottom of the quarry face. There were no visible remains of these features and the quarry has long been closed. One of these urns has been identified as an encrusted urn (Kavanagh 1973, 530-531). ANT 013:037 Kavanagh 1973, 507-617; Waddell 1990, 48.

Figure 133: Lisnataylor Collection (Not in SMR) (after Williams and Yates 1980, 105) LISSUE OR TERAGHAFEEVA: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINT ARROWHEAD 31m OD; CS 67; IG 165; J 2278 6325 Several areas of archaeological interest were identified and excavated at this site. These consisted of five ring ditches, several other ditches, two possible structures and numerous small pits and post holes. Area 4 consisted of a pit, containing burnt stones and charcoal and a possible trough, which would be consistent with a burnt mound. Area 8 was a large area, which contained a number of isolated features. These included a field boundary, a number of pits and a large ditch, described above in Area 7. One of the pits contained a barbed and tanged arrowhead, while another contained a large amount of pottery, dating probably to the Bronze Age. Area 11 consisted of two ditches, which extended for a total of 20m, one of which cut through a series of earlier features. These earlier features included a large pit, several small pits and a spread. The spread appeared to be Bronze Age in date. There were also a series of stake holes in this area. Three fulachtaí fia were discovered to the north and south of a minor river, which flows through this site. ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2006.

Figure 134: Livery Upper Urn (ANT 013:037) (after Kavanagh 1973, 579) LIVERY UPPER: COLLECTION 62m OD; CS 13; IG 14/22; D 0300 3120 This site is also in Mostragee townland. It was previously unrecorded, until finds were reported by the owners of Summerdale Farm, in Park townland. They had apparently been discovered in an area, which extended across several fields, over a number of years. The finds consisted of three polished stone axe heads, a rough-out 99

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND LOUGHCONNELLY: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) 154m OD; CS 33; IG 56; D 1920 0924 This is the remains of a court tomb, which is located in improved grassland, on a very steep east-facing slope, near the top of a high hill. The site commands a panoramic view over the Braid Valley, from south-east to south and also incorporates a clear view of the remains of a cairn (ANT 033:023), on the summit of Slemish Mountain, which lies 3.8km to the south-east. Although this is not marked on any OS 6-inch map, this court tomb was first reported in Chart 1940. There are no visible remains of the court tomb, which was known locally as Neenrowe’s Knowe. The modern field boundary, which is shown immediately to the east of the site on the current Irish Grid map, has been removed. This is now a large L-shaped field of improved grassland. Some of the drystone walls in the vicinity of this site, particularly to the west, contain large slabs of basalt of megalithic proportions. Two such slabs, located 180m to the west and built into a wall, which borders a modern track way, may have come from this megalithic tomb. Sherds of ‘typical burnished horned-cairn pottery were picked up’ (Evans 1944). ANT 033:011 Evans, Field Notebook 2, 29; Chart 1940, 27; Davies 1944, 120; Evans 1944, 120-121; Watson 1945, 103; Mogey 1946, 133; Herity 1987, 103-281.

and a small stone implement. The finds are currently held at Summerdale Farm. ANT 013:093 LOAN: STONE AXE HEAD 60m OD; CS 31/32; IG 54; D 0250 3000+ A stone axe head was reported to have been found here. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Mahr 1930, 73-78. LOAN: FLINT SCRAPER & ARROWHEADS (2) 60m OD; CS 31/32; IG 54; D 0250 3000+ A flint hollow scraper was found at Loan Hill and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 786.1960]. Two hollow-based arrowheads were also found here and also donated [NMI 457, 460.1959]. ANT [Not in SMR] Lucas et al. 1961, 43-107; Prendergast and Lucas 1962, 139173. LOSSET: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 69m OD; CS 9; IG 9; D 1400 3900 This was recorded in the OS Memoirs as ‘holding of Patt McCambridge…, 2 graves or vaults enclosed and roofed by long flat stones,…Here also stood…a vault of smaller dimensions in which were deposited an earthen urn.’ Investigation failed to locate the site of these burials or recover any local knowledge about them or the whereabouts of the McCambridge holding. According to O’Laverty in 1820, two stone-lined graves containing skeletons were found on a farm. Also found was a ‘stonelined vault containing a beautifully ornamented urn filled with ashes and calcined bones.’ ANT 009:131 OS Memoir Culfeightrin, 1838-1839, 17; O’Laverty 1887, Vol. IV, 461-462; Waddell 1990, 48.

LOUGHCONNELLY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 123m OD; CS 33; IG 56; D 1900 0830 This is also in Magheramully townland. The site is currently classified in the SMR as Cist Burials. It is in improved grassland, on top of Little Skerry. Although not marked on any Ordnance Survey map, the OS Memoirs recorded that, ‘old tombstones and earthen vessels containing ashes’ were found on this drumlin around 1800. It was also reported that in 1817 a cist burial, which contained an urn, was discovered on top of Little Skerry. There are no visible remains of any antiquity and the exact location of the site remains unknown. ANT 033:087 OS Memoir Skerry, 1833; O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol. III, 449.

LOSSET: GOLD TORC 69m OD; CS 9; IG 9; D 1400 3900 The OS Memoirs record the discovery of a gold torc. Entry ends ‘contiguous to the place it was found, stood a fort which is at present destroyed’. The area mentioned is in the western corner of the townland and is now improved grassland, with no visible remains of any enclosure. Land has been in the possession of the same family since c.1800 and the current owner had never heard of an enclosure at this location. ANT 009:133 OS Memoir Culfeightrin 1838-1839, 18.

LOUGHCONNELLY: BRONZE AXE HEAD 123m OD; CS 33; IG 56; D 1900 0800+ A fragment of a bronze socketed axe head was reported to have been found here. It is held in private ownership. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. LOUGHERMORE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 31m OD; CS 50; IG 96/112; J 2100 8700 This site is also known as Loughanmore. This was reported in 1840 as a cairn and three urns (one large and two smaller) found at Loughanmore ‘not far from the Loughan or lake (now drained)...It lies within a field called the cove-park.’ The current owner of Loughanmore had never heard of this cairn or of the urns, nor did she know of a field on the estate called Cove-park. The site has not been located and has probably been destroyed. According to the report, the cairn was indicated by a very slight elevation with a circumference of ‘some 12 or 14

LOSSET: BRONZE AXEHEADS (5) 69m OD; CS 9; IG 9; D 1400 3900 This was reported in the OS Memoirs as ‘holding of Thomas McBride…5 brass battleaxes…The place in which they were found is thought to be the seat of an ancient battle between the Danes and natives’. Investigation failed to obtain any information about these axes or the site of any ancient battle in Losset. ANT 009:135 OS Memoir Culfeightrin 1838-1839, 32 and 62. 100

INVENTORY feet [3.7m-4.3m]’ and was composed of loose stones and earth. There were no cists and all three urns were found inverted. No other finds were made. There is said to be at least one souterrain within the same field (possibly ANT 050:120). ANT 050:179 Huband Smith 1841, 163-166; Waddell 1990, 48.

ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan and Seaby 1965, 102-116; Flanagan 1967, 21-40.

Figure 135: Lower Tullykittagh Arrowhead (Not in SMR) (after Flanagan 1967, 30)

LOUGHLOUGHAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & BEADS 123m OD; CS 33; IG 56; D 1813 0900 This site was a burial cairn, containing three cists, in which were found two Irish Bowls and lignite beads. It was on a south-facing slope of a high hill and designated ‘fort’ on the first edition Ordnance Survey map, shown complete on second edition, but not marked thereafter. There are now no visible remains of this cairn, the destruction of which was described by Buick in 1905. The southern half of the site is overgrown with thorns and strewn with boulders. The current landowner recalled that the former owner was William Hunter and that up to forty years ago, large slabs and boulders were still strewn on the site. Finds from the site are held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [AM 1924.927] and the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, Canada. ANT 033:010 Buick, 1905, 163-172; ApSimon 1969, 59.

LOWER TULLYKITTAGH: FLINT SCRAPERS (7) & FLINT ARROWHEAD 123m OD; CS 27; IG 43; D 1200 1500+ Seven flint scrapers and a petit tranchet arrowhead were found here. They became part of the Fawcett Collection. In 1966 they were purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan et al. 1968, 33-52. LOWER WOODBURN: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 52; IG 98; J 4025 8690 An assessment was undertaken at 75 Belfast Road, Carrickfergus. This had been commissioned by Lidl and related to the proposed construction of a supermarket, with associated car parking. The first deposit of raised beach material produced five pieces of worked flint, including one possible scraper. This deposit occurred at a depth of c.1.3m, below the present ground surface. The raised beach deposit directly overlaid a sterile, compact sand and pebble deposit. Excavation of the trench stopped at the top of this deposit, at 1.36m below ground level. The second area of raised beach occurred at a depth of 1.28m, c.25m from the south-western end of the trench. It produced six pieces of worked flint and one large crude scraper. The third area of raised beach occurred at a depth of 1.15m, below the present ground surface and underlying beach sands. ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2006.

LOWER TULLYKITTAGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 123m OD; CS 27; IG 43/44; D 1200 1500 This is also in Upper Tullykittagh townland. This was reported in the OS Memoirs as, ‘An urn filled with ashes found in 1836 in a field of William Moore…one and a half feet [0.5m] under the surface, covered with a flag, but all mouldered away when exposed to the air.’ The reference does not indicate whether the find was made in Lower Tullykittagh or Upper Tullykittagh. Enquiries with residents of both townlands failed to elicit any information, either on the whereabouts of the Moore farm, or the findspot of this destroyed urn burial. The site has not been located. ANT 027:101 OS Memoir Dunaghy, 1837. LOWER TULLYKITTAGH: STONE AXE HEADS 123m OD; CS 27; IG 43; D 1200 1500+ A group of porcellanite axe heads were found here by Hewson in the 1930s. Sheridan (1986) considered these to have been made from cobbles, rather than mined from a rock outcrop. They are now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1933:2964]. ANT [Not in SMR] Sheridan 1986, 19-32; Briggs 1988, 5-20.

LOWER WOODBURN: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 52; IG 98; J 4025 8690+ A flint end scraper was found here. It became part of the Fawcett Collection. In 1966 it was purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A39]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan et al. 1968, 33-52.

LOWER TULLYKITTAGH: FLINT ARROWHEADS (13) 123m OD; CS 27; IG 43; D 1200 1500+ Twelve flint arrowheads were found here. They became part of the Fawcett Collection. They included seven leafshaped arrowheads, three hollow-based and two barbed and tanged type. In 1965 they were purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast. A leaf-shaped arrowhead was also found here and donated to the Ulster Museum in 1963 [805.1963].

MAGHABERRY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 40m OD; CS 67; IG 164; J 1700 6200+ This site was reported by O’Laverty as ‘human bones and…an ornamented urn filled with bones and ashes.’ This site has not been precisely located. ANT [Not in SMR] O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol. IV; Waddell 1990, 49. 101

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND MAGHERABOY LOWER: STONE AXE HEAD 90m OD; CS 12/13; IG 22; D 0200 2800+ A stone axe head was reported to have been found here. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Mahr 1930, 73-78.

MAGHERAMULLY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 185m OD; CS 28; IG 56; D 1900 0990 This is a cist burial, which was located in rough grazing and gorse, on the steep south-facing slope of Knockcochran Hill. This site commands a magnificent view in an arc from south-east/south/south-west over the Braid River, incorporating Slemish Mountain and Skerry Rock. There are now no visible remains of this cist burial with an urn. It seems likely that it has been destroyed. It is not marked on any Ordnance Survey map, but was described in the OS Memoirs as two hundred perches [107.7m] north of Skerry Church (ANT 033:012). ANT 028:067 OS Memoir Skerry; O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol. III, 449.

MAGHERABOY LOWER: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINT KNIFE 90m OD; CS 12/13; IG 22; D 0200 2800 This site was reported by ApSimon (1969), who recorded that a vase urn had been found and also a burnt planoconvex flint knife. This site has not been precisely located, but the finds are held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 3939: K15 & 3954: K38]. ANT [Not in SMR] ApSimon 1969, 42 & 63; Waddell 1990, 49.

MALLUSK: ASSEMBLAGE 160m OD; CS 56; IG 113; J 3000 8200 Archaeological investigations were carried out in 2005 at a housing development, located between the Hightown Road and Hydepark Road, along the southern outskirts of Mallusk. The badly truncated remains of a cremation burial were uncovered, close to the edge of a mound. The vessel had been placed in an upturned position and packed tightly into a subsoil-cut pit. Unfortunately, the site was subsequently badly damaged and ploughed out, leaving only the somewhat displaced remains of the upturned rim. Despite the disturbance of the burial, much of the cremation material was still intact within the vessel. The vessel measured 0.33m in diameter and displayed a large in-turned horizontal cordon, located 5.2cm below the rim. A small hole, measuring 11mm in diameter was also noted, which had been pierced through the pot 2.2cm below the rim. The rim itself measured 1.4cm in thickness and was flattened along the top edge. The removal of topsoil produced a number of worked flint artefacts and also fragments of burnt flint. Among the entire assemblage were at least ten scrapers, a possible blade and a number of flint flakes, all of which can be broadly identified as prehistoric. ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2005.

MAGHERALAVE: FLINTS 31m OD; CS 64; IG 165; J 2650 6710 This was reported to the Ulster Museum in Belfast by the finder of these flint artefacts. Someone had discovered in excess of 400 flint implements from eight adjoining fields, which represented material from the late Mesolithic, the Neolithic and the Bronze Age periods. They also identified a thin layer of charcoal, which was exposed, when a lane edging one of the fields was re-cut, on the interface between the topsoil and the subsoil at a depth of 0.4m. The eight fields are in markedly undulating land, being on the slopes of and on top of a ridge, running roughly north-east/south-west. There are now no signs of any flint or of the charcoal layer. There are two streams, two springs and two wells close to or within this site area. ANT 064:094 MAGHERALISKMISK: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 92m OD; CS 63; IG 164; J 1910 6460 This site is on flat ground, which falls away steeply to the south and south-east to the Golden Valley. The Mournes form a distant backdrop. The OS Memoirs describe a burial, a cremwation and two pots found here, during quarrying. The site is now occupied by a modern quarry and has probably been destroyed. According to Waddell, in 1834 Joseph Maharry found two earthen urns, human bones and ashes in a limestone quarry. The large urn was mouth downwards on the limestone. The small urn was highly decorated. ANT 063:063 OS Memoir Magheragall, 1837, 27; Waddell 1990, 49.

MALONE LOWER: STONE AXE HEADS (2) 5m OD; CS 60; IG 147; J 3280 7250 A porcellanite polished stone axe head was found during house renovations at Ashley Avenue, Belfast in 1975. It measured 8.6cm in length, 5.7cm in width and 2.6cm in thickness. Its current location is unknown. Another porcellanite axe head was found in this area and is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 63.19]. ANT [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-60; Williams et al. 1983, 144-145.

MAGHERAMESK: ASSEMBLAGE 62m OD; CS 67; IG 164; J 1557 6130 This site was uncovered during water main works. It comprised of four areas, one with six pits, two of which were identified as cremation burials. The second area had two pits, one of which contained a large quantity of burnt flint. The third area contained one pit and the fourth area contained three pits, one of which contained sherds of middle Bronze Age pottery, beads and also a flint core. ANT [Not in SMR] Devlin 2007, 36.

MALONE LOWER: ASSEMBLAGE 15m OD; CS 60; IG 147; J 3280 7159 This site is on the south side of Cadogan Park, near the junction with the Malone Road. It lies on a gradual westnorth-west-facing hill slope, west of the Lagan. There are now no visible remains of this Neolithic habitation site, which was discovered by Andrews and Davies in 102

INVENTORY MALONE UPPER: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 31m OD; CS 64; IG 146; J 31400 6750 Sherds of an Irish Bowl were reported to have been found close to the clubhouse of Malone Golf Club. They are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 1931:1]. The Irish Grid reference given by ApSimon is J 323697, but this is not accurate for the clubhouse. ANT [Not in SMR] ApSimon 1969, 61.

the garden of Tyrone House. The finds comprised a large hearth, two grinding stones and a scored stone, fragments of a Neolithic bowl, a polished stone axe and numerous flint tools. The flint tools included hollow scrapers, knives and a leaf-shaped arrowhead. Tyrone House is now part of a school. The site has probably been built over and destroyed. ANT 060:065 Andrews and Davies 1940, 152-154.

MAXWELLS WALLS: FLINT ARROWHEAD 120m OD; CS 44; IG 81; J 1800 9600+ A flint, barbed arrowhead was reported to have been found here and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 811.1961]. ANT [Not in SMR] Prendergast and Lucas 1963, 115-133. McVICKERSLAND: STONE AXE HEADS (2) 160m OD; CS 44; IG 87; J 2289 9368 Two fragments of polished stone axe heads were reported to be found here. One measured 6.5cm in length, 5.5cm in width and 2.7cm in thickness. The other measured 6.8cm in length, 4.2cm in width and 0.8 in thickness. Both are held in private ownership. ANT [Not in SMR] Williams and Yates 1981-1982, 187.

Figure 136: Malone Lower Assemblage (ANT 060:065) (after Andrews and Davies 1940, 153) MALONE LOWER: ASSEMBLAGE 5m OD; CS 61; IG 147; J 3440 7250 A large assemblage of flint and stone artefacts was found here, during land preparation work, prior to housing development in the area of what is now Agincourt Avenue in Belfast. Finds included stone axe heads, some polished and flint scrapers and flakes, including Bann flakes. ANT [Not in SMR] Adams 1898, 5-8.

MIDDLE DIVISION: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) & FLINTS 17m OD; CS 52; IG 115; J 3810 8550 This site was uncovered, as a result of trial trenching, which was undertaken in Phase 1, in advance of improvements to the A2 Shore Road at Greenisland. Evidence for prehistoric activity was uncovered in the form of fire pits and charcoal deposits, from which a substantial assemblage of worked flint artefacts was recovered. These artefacts included cores, flakes and hollow scrapers. This is a characteristic indicator of the middle to late Neolithic period in Ireland. Pottery recovered from the site was also dated to this period. ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2010.

Figure 137: Malone Lower Flints (Not in SMR) (after Adams 1898, 5)

MIDDLE DIVISION: FLINTS 160m OD; CS 52; IG 98; J 3811 9012 An archaeological evaluation was carried out, at a site adjacent to 50 Liberty Road, Middle Division. This was in response to a planning application for a new dwelling and garage. The site is approximately 100m north-east of Killyann Church and graveyard (ANT 052:016). There are two further scheduled monuments within 250m. The evaluation consisted of four mechanically-excavated test trenches, each measuring 1.6m in width and 35m-36m in length. Several features of archaeological interest were uncovered during the evaluation. The most significant was a cut feature in Trench 1, which contained prehistoric struck flint. There was another feature of a similar nature in Trench 2. ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2012.

MALONE LOWER: BRONZE SWORD 15m OD; CS 65; IG 147; J 3311 7112 A bronze leaf-shaped sword was reported to have been found in Belfast, ‘at the ford on the Lagan below the first lock’. It formed part of the Grainger Collection, which is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

103

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND MILL FIVE ACRES: STONE MOULD 90m OD; CS 13; IG 15; D 0600 3200+ A steatite mould, designed for making a socket-looped spearhead, was reported to have been found at Armoy. It is now held at the British Museum in London. ANT [Not in SMR] Hodges 1954, 62-80.

[538.1934]. ANT [Not in SMR] Hodges 1954, 78; Collins 1970, 23-36.

MILL FIVE ACRES: BRONZE HALBERD & GOUGE 90m OD; CS 13; IG 15; D 0600 3200+ A bronze halberd was reported to have been found at Armoy. This is not a townland and the findspot may be in one of several townlands here, notably Mill Five Acres, Park and Turnarobert. It is now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. A bronze gouge was also found here and is also held at the British Museum in London. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

Figure 138: Mistyburn Stone Mould (Not in SMR) (after Collins 1970, 33)

MILL FIVE ACRES: BRONZE PIN 90m OD; CS 13; IG 15; D 0600 3200+ A bronze sunflower pin was reported to have been found at Armoy. This is not a townland and the findspot may be in one of several townlands here, notably Mill Five Acres, Park and Turnarobert. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

MONTIAGHS: COLLECTION 10m OD; CS 62; IG 144; J 0840 6810 A collection of flint artefacts from Selshan, Lough Neagh, formed part of the R.C. Davidson Collection, which is now held at Armagh County Museum [155-166.61]. The collection included flint flakes, cores, scrapers and knives. ANT [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1975, 5-24.

MILL FIVE ACRES: BRONZE AXE HEADS (4) 90m OD; CS 13; IG 23; D 0600 3200+ Four bronze socketed axe heads were reported to have been found at Armoy. This is not a townland. The findspot may be in one of several townlands here, notably Mill Five Acres, Park and Turnarobert. Two of the axe heads are now held at the British Museum in London, one at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford and one at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

MONTIAGHS: BRONZE AXE HEAD 10m OD; CS 62; IG 144; J 0840 6810+ A bronze socketed axe head was reported in the OS Memoirs as being found here. Its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. MOORFIELDS: BRONZE AXE HEADS (2) & SPEARHEAD 123m OD; CS 38; IG 67/80; J 1850 9940 Two bronze, decorated flat axe heads were reported to have been found at Moorfields. This is a village in Kilgad townland. They became part of the Knowles Collection. Their current location is unknown. A bronze, leaf-shaped spearhead with loops on the socket, was also found here. It is currently held in private ownership. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

MINNIS NORTH: FLINTS 60m OD; CS 30; IG 46; D 3387 1340 In 1991, a rescue excavation was carried out at a shell midden, which had been almost completely eroded away by land slippage. The midden was found to contain winkles and common limpets. In addition, the pelvis and long bones of an adult female were uncovered. Twentynine pieces of retouched flint were recovered. These were mostly scrapers and were dated to the Neolithic period. ANT 030:013 Simpson et al. 1993, 114-119.

MOSS-SIDE: STONE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 7; IG 14; D 0150 3500+ A grey, polished stone axe head was found here by students of Ballymoney Secondary School. It measured 10.9cm in length and had a noticeably faceted crosssection. It is held within the school collection. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1964, 96-102.

MISTYBURN: STONE MOULD 240m OD; CS 39; IG 68; D 2300 0100+ This was one part of a two-part mould, which was designed for casting a socketed chisel. It measured 9.9cm in length, 5cm in width and 1.8cm in thickness and was made from chlorite schist. It was reportedly found at Mistyburn. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast 104

INVENTORY MOYAVER LOWER: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 92m OD; CS 13; IG 15; D 0600 3200 An Irish Bowl food vessel was reported to have been found in Armoy Bog. It was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 522.1925]. ANT [Not in SMR] ApSimon 1969, 59. MOYAVER LOWER: BRONZE AXE HEADS (2) 92m OD; CS 13; IG 15; D 0600 3200+ Two bronze flanged axe heads were reported to have been found at Armoy. One was donated to the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. The whereabouts of the other is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

Figure 139: Moss-Side Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Flanagan 1964, 98)

MOYAVER UPPER: ASSEMBLAGE 92m OD; CS 13; IG 15/23; D 0606 3115 This is an unclassified megalithic tomb, marked Urns found AD 1870 on third and fourth edition Ordnance Survey 6-inch maps, following an excavation by William Gray. It is located on the edge of a quarry, in reasonably level pasture. Close to the quarry face are three distinctive, large, basaltic stones and several small stones protruding through the grass. A possible kerb is defined by six stones, in a line at the west. A small circular hollow, surrounded by at least nine stones, lies just to the south of the field boundary. Finds included ‘a large quantity of broken urns of various patterns…some were ornamented with the usual zig-zag indentations’. It was also reported they had found ‘some stone celts etc.’ It appears that this site, at Moyaver Upper, has also been allocated the SMR number ANT 013:036. ANT 013:027 OS Field Reports Antrim No. 105A; Gray 1871, 65-69; Herity 1987, 103-281.

MOSS-SIDE: COPPER AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 7; IG 14; D 0150 3530 A copper flat axe head was reported to have been found at Moss-side. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. MOYADAM: STONE AXE HEAD 70m OD; CS 51; IG 97; J 2200 8700 A black polished stone axe head, possibly porcellanite, was reported to be found at Parkgate. It measured 8.7cm in length, 4.7cm in width and 2.3cm in thickness. It is held in private ownership. ANT [Not in SMR] Williams and Yates 1981-1982, 187. MOYADAM: BEEHIVE QUERN (1) & ROTARY QUERNS (3) 70m OD; CS 51; IG 97; J 2200 8700 This site is the findspot of three rotary querns and one beehive quern. Rotary quern no.1 is circular, 44.5cm in diameter by 3cm thick, with a central perforation 9cm in diameter. Rotary quern no.2 is sub-circular, 52cm by 49cm and 8cm thick, with a central hour-glass perforation 4cm wide. Rotary quern no.3 is circular, 44.5cm in diameter and 9cm thick, with a central perforation 4.5cm wide. The beehive quern is sub-circular, 33 by 30cm and 10cm thick. The base of this quern, standing on three legs, is 28 by 25cm. The two parts both have two perforations, one central and one off-centre. ANT 051:154

MOYAVER UPPER: FLINTS 92m OD; CS 13; IG 15/23; D 0670 3150 These flints were found on good arable or pasture land, in rolling countryside. Two retouched flints were recovered, during fieldwalking by J. Marshall in the area, after ploughing in 1989. Limepark House has changed hands since then and the new owners are unaware of these or any subsequent finds, made within this location. ANT 013:087 MOYAVER UPPER: FLINTS 92m OD; CS 13; IG 15; D 0700 3240 These finds were discovered in a very large, well maintained field of pasture, close to the Bush River. A substantial quantity of flints was recovered by J. Marshall, during field walking of the site after ploughing in 1989. Finds included Neolithic scrapers and a leaf-shaped arrowhead. A small raised mound was observed within the area. ANT 013:088 MOYLARG: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 80m OD; CS 32; IG 55; D 0550 0880 A vase and a ‘broken-relief decorated urn’ (ApSimon), along with another sherd, were reported to have been found at Dromona. This is a mansion in Moylarg townland,

Plate 26: Moyadam Querns (ANT 051:154)

105

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND which is not near the Irish Grid reference given (D1100). The pottery was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 3941-2 & UM 3941.K17]. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 105-106; ApSimon 1969, 61; Kavanagh 1973, 507-617. MUCKAMORE: STONE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 50; IG 112; J 1750 8400+ A stone axe head was reported to have been found here. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Mahr 1930, 73-78.

Figure 140: North East Division Axe Head (ANT 046:021) (after Waddell 1998, 283)

MULLAGHBOY: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) 62m OD; CS 41; IG 71; D 4620 0136 Excavation was carried out in 2002, in advance of the construction of a caravan park at 91 Mullaghboy Road, Island Magee. A large rectangular house structure of probable Neolithic date, with at least two phases of activity, was discovered. Initial identification of the pottery recovered from the slot of the house structure suggests that it is Neolithic in date. ANT [Not in SMR] Bennett 2004, 7-8.

NORTH EAST DIVISION: POTTERY (UNCLASSIFIED) & FLINTS 90m OD; CS 52; IG 99; J 4172 9012 Excavation took place at a proposed residential development site in 2009. A linear feature, orientated north-west/south-east, was identified. A small amount of prehistoric pottery and also burnt flint was recovered from this feature. The feature measured c.0.5m in width, 0.35m in depth and at least 15m in length, extending beyond the baulk to the north-east and south-west. No other features were identified nearby. A large, shallow, sub-oval pit-like feature was also identified. It measured c.3.8m in length, 3.5m in width and 0.1m in depth and contained a single fill. A small section was excavated through this feature, producing a large assemblage of prehistoric finds, which included pottery, a concave and a convex scraper, burnt flints, flint flakes and debitage. Another convex flint scraper and a large flake were found nearby in the topsoil. A further linear feature, which was orientated east/west and measuring c.4.2m in length, 1.5m in width and 0.08m in depth, was identified north of the pit. A flint flake was found on its surface. A burnt spread, consisting of black clay and charcoal with abundant heat-affected stones, was identified in a hollow, close to a deep canalised field drain at the eastern end of the site. The feature measured c.3m in length east/west and 1.5m in width. ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2009.

MULLAGHSANDALL: FLINT FLAKE 215 m OD; CS 34; IG 57; D 3140 0600 A flint flake, measuring 5.2cm in length, was found at Skeagh Bridge. It was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [355.1960]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1963, 105-111. MULLAGHSANDALL: BRONZE AXE HEAD & PIN 200m OD; CS 34; IG 70; D 3100 0600+ A bronze palstave axe head was reported to have been found at Mullough Sandel. Its current location is unknown. A bronze sunflower pin was also found here. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. NAPPAN: FLINTS 250m OD; CS 20; IG 35; D 2890 2360 This Neolithic flint scatter lies under a possible hut circle, which had been built against an old field wall. It was detected from the presence of flint artefacts, in core samples from the location. The site was subsequently excavated. It is difficult to pinpoint the precise location, as no specifically identifiable features had been noted in the locations given for the site. The field walls and area remain as described. ANT 020:050

NORTH EAST DIVISION: BRONZE AXE HEADS (2) 100m OD; CS 46; IG 98; J 4100 9000+ A bronze, flanged axe head was reported to have been found at Lough Mourne and became part of the Robb Collection. A bronze palstave axe head was also found here and formed part of the Knowles Collection. Both axe heads are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

NORTH EAST DIVISION: IRON AXE HEAD 200m OD; CS 46; IG 98; J 4138 9240 This iron axe head was reportedly found in one of the Lough Mourne crannogs. It is an early example of the use of iron technology and copies the earlier bronze socketed axe heads. ANT 046:021 Waddell 1998, 00.

OLD FORGE: ASSEMBLAGE 30m OD; CS 64; IG 146; J 2950 6800 This find has been dated to the late Mesolithic, Neolithic Age and Bronze Age. Numerous collections of flint have been made in this area. Finds have included Bann flakes, microliths, barbed and tanged arrowheads, three 106

INVENTORY porcellanite axes, hollow scrapers and many other worked flints. Much of this material was recovered from fieldwalking, following construction and drainage work. The removal of topsoil was carried out on an area, measuring 64m in length and 19m in width, immediately north of the findspot and under archaeological supervision. No archaeological features or artefacts were uncovered [ADS, 4 August 2004]. ANT 064:089 Bowen, n.d.

discovery was made by the landowner, when ploughing in April 2007. The landowner contacted CAF, who carried out a fieldwalking exercise, in order to assess the nature of the site and artefacts. It was determined that this could be the site of a significant prehistoric settlement. Local farmers have recovered substantial amounts of prehistoric pottery and artefacts within this area. ANT 040:101 PARKMORE: BRONZE RAPIER & SWORDS (2) 300m OD; CS 24; IG 34; D 1865 2000 A bronze rapier was reported to have been found near Parkmore railway station. It was recorded in the Knowles Catalogue and is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. Two leaf-shaped bronze swords were also found here and recorded in the Day Catalogue. One is held at the Ulster Museum, but the location of the other is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

*OLD FREEHOLD: ASSEMBLAGE 290m OD; CS 40; IG 70; D 3359 0231 This has been dated to the Neolithic and Bronze Age. When originally investigated in 2001, this site consisted of two low, almost circular mounds, both approximately 9m in diameter and 0.8m in height and located a few metres apart. No clear archaeological features were noted and the designation of both sites was uncertain. They are the correct size for barrows, but may be entirely natural. The farmer phoned in February 2005, to report that the field had been ploughed and that a lot of pottery and flint was turning up. The sherds were mostly good quality Neolithic pottery, some of which were decorated. Inspection of the field revealed several areas of pottery concentration, as well as large amounts of struck and worked flints, included leaf-shaped arrowheads and two very fine barbed and tanged arrowheads. ANT 040:097

PORT RUSH: FLINTS 30m OD; CS 2; IG 6; C 8550 4100 Three flint flakes were found here and formed part of the W.A. Green Collection. In 1959 they were purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast. Two further flint flakes were found here. One measured 6.6cm in length, 1.9cm in width and 0.9cm in thickness and the other measured 5.7cm in length, 1.9cm in width and 0.9cm in thickness. They were donated to Armagh County Museum. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1960, 41-60; Weatherup 1978, 26. PORT RUSH: STONE AXE HEAD 30m OD; CS 2; IG 6; C 8550 2000+ A stone axe head was reported to have been found by workmen, in a field at Rathmore [Ramore] headland in Portrush. Vivid green in colour, this was reported as being a ‘Jade Celt’. It remained in the possession of Canon Greenwell. ANT [Not in SMR] Mac Ilwaine 1880, 316-323.

Plate 27: Old Freehold Flints (ANT 040:097) *OLD FREEHOLD: ASSEMBLAGE 280m OD; CS 40; IG 70; D 3387 0203 This site is located within a confined area, measuring approximately 10m in length and 5m in width, within a field on the eastern side of Starbog Road. The findspot is on a slightly elevated position within the field, with ground sloping south, towards a possible former watercourse. A concentration of flints and pottery was clearly evident, within the recently-ploughed soil. Large, well-preserved fragments of middle-late Neolithic decorated pottery and complete flint tools, including six hollow scrapers and several other retouched blades, scrapers and flakes, were amongst the archaeological material uncovered. The

Plate 28: Port Rush Stone Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Mac Ilwaine 1880, 318) 107

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND PORT RUSH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 30m OD; CS 2; IG 6; C 8550 2000+ This site was reported by Mason (1816), who described ‘an ancient rath, near the Causeway shore…contained three urns of baked clay, which were ornamented on the outside with waving lines, and around the brim, with a rude imitation of foliage; they were placed each with the mouth downwards; a little black ashes were all they covered; the spot around them was neatly paved with small round stones.’ This site has not been precisely located. Waddell (1990) places this in Ramoan, but there is no townland of that name. ANT [Not in SMR] Mason 1816, Vol. 2, 507; Waddell 1990, 49.

PORTGLENONE: POLISHING STONES 15m OD; CS 31; IG 66; C 9800 0400+ Several ‘whetstones, grindstones and a “grain rubber”… all could have been intended for axe polishing’, were reported to have been found near Portglenone. They are currently held at the Manchester Museum in England. ANT [Not in SMR] Briggs 1988, 5-20. PORTGLENONE: DRINKING VESSEL 15m OD; CS 31; IG 66; C 9800 0400+ A horn drinking cup was reported to have been found here and was included in the Knowles Collection. It was formed from the basal part of a cow’s horn and decorated with dotted zig-zag ornamentation. The wooden bottom was secured with small bronze nails. ANT [Not in SMR] Knowles 1909, 1-7.

PORT RUSH: BATTLE AXE HEAD 30m OD; CS 2; IG 6; C 8550 2000+ This stone battle axe head was recovered near Portrush and was attributed to the Late or Bann Series by Derek Simpson. It is currently held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [1927:4584]. ANT [Not in SMR] Simpson 1990, 34. PORT RUSH: BRONZE AXE HEADS (3) & SPEARHEAD 30m OD; CS 2; IG 6; C 8550 2000+ Three bronze axe heads were reported to have been found at Portrush. Two were flanged axe heads, one of which is now in the Cambridge Archaeological and Ethnographical Museum and the other is held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. The third was a flat axe head, with decoration. It formed part of the Robb Collection, but its current whereabouts is unknown. A bronze spearhead with basal loops was also found here. It is held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

Figure 141: Portglenone Horn Cup (Not in SMR) (Knowles 1909, 5) PORTGLENONE: FLINT ARROWHEADS (3) 15m OD; CS 31; IG 66; C 9800 0400+ Two flint leaf-shaped arrowheads and one hollow-based triangular arrowhead were found at Portglenone. They were included in the Fawcett Collection. In 1965 they were purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A30, A31, A77. 1965]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1967, 21-40.

PORTGLENONE: HOARD 15m OD; CS 31; IG 66; C 9800 0400 This hoard has been dated to the Bronze Age. An article by O’Laverty in JRSAI describes finds of flint, stone and bronze, in the bed of the River Bann at Portglenone. This occurred during public works undertaken, some years prior to 1857, to improve the navigation of the river. The exact location of the findspot could not be ascertained. Extensive enquiries within Portglenone village and also with Cistercian monks failed to elicit any information regarding the findspot or the location of the public works. ANT 031:039 O’Laverty 1857, 122-127; Buick 1895, 41-63.

PORTGLENONE: ASSEMBLAGE 15m OD; CS 31; IG 66; C 9800 0400+ A flint flake, measuring 7cm in length, was found here and donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 316.1962]. A flint, barbed and tanged arrowhead was also found here and was included in the Fawcett Collection. It was purchased by the Ulster Museum in 1965 [A190.1965]. Two flint hollow scrapers, an end scraper and a stone axe head were also found here. They were purchased by the Ulster Museum in 1966. A microlith, 0.3cm in maximum thickness, was also reported to have been found here in 1937. ANT [Not in SMR]

PORTGLENONE: STONE AXE HEAD 15m OD; CS 31; IG 66; C 9800 0400+ A stone axe head was reported to have been found here. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Mahr 1930, 73-78.

108

INVENTORY Batty 1938, 90-94; Flanagan 1967, 21-40; Flanagan et al. 1968, 33-52.

current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

PORTGLENONE: BRONZE CAULDRON & POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 15m OD; CS 31; IG 66; C 9800 0400+ A cauldron was found here in 1893 and gave its name to the Portglenone Type of cauldron, which is distinguished by ‘the triple-ribbed staples now have a flange at either end and a basal element usually formed by two transverse bars across the rim with a small space between them (this bracing presumably strengthened the attachment and protected the flat rim from contact with the free-riding ring handle’ (Waddell 1998, 229). The cauldron is held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [AM 1924.932]. Sherds from an Irish Bowl were also reported to have been found here. ANT [Not in SMR] Knowles 1908, 21-25; Armstrong 1924, 113; Leeds 1930, 31, Nos 6 & 7; Hawkes and Smith 1957, 182; ApSimon 1969, 59; Gerloff 1986, 110; Waddell 1998, 229-230.

PORTGLENONE: BRONZE SPEARHEADS (8) 15m OD; CS 31; IG 66; C 9800 0400+ Eight bronze spearheads, six of which formed part of the Stewart Collection, were reported to have been found in the River Bann here. One further spearhead was also found here and all are currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. Another spearhead was reported to have been found in Glenone Bog. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. PORTGLENONE: ASSEMBLAGE 15m OD; CS 31; IG 66; C 9800 0400+ A bronze leaf-shaped sword, a bronze trunnion chisel and a sunflower pin, designated as a Class 1 type of the late Bronze Age, were reported to have been dredged from the River Bann here. They formed part of the Stewart Collection and are now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119; Hodges 1956, 29-56. PORTGLENONE: ARD POINT 15m OD; CS 31; IG 66; C 9800 0400+ A stone ard point was reported to have been found at Portglenone. It was originally thought to have been a club, lost during a skirmish around one of the Bann fords (O’Laverty 1857, 127). However Simpson suggests this should be classified as an ard point. ANT [Not in SMR] O’Laverty 1857, 127; Simpson 1993, 31-43.

Figure 142: Portglenone Cauldron (Not in SMR) (after Waddell 1998, 230)

PORTMUCK: ASSEMBLAGE 15m OD; CS 41; IG 71; D 4600 0200+ A bronze leaf-shaped sword was reported in the OS Memoirs to have been found here. Its current whereabouts is unknown. A bronze trunnion chisel was also found here. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. A bronze knife with a ribbed tang was reportedly found at Portmuck. It has been attributed to the late Bronze Age. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [1911.51]. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119; Hodges 1956, 29-56.

PORTGLENONE: BRONZE AXE HEADS (13) 15m; CS 31; IG 66; C 9800 0400+ Nine bronze axe heads were reported to have been found in the River Bann here. Five were flat axe heads and formed part of the Stewart Collection. A further decorated flat axe head was found here in 1938 and three flanged axe heads were also found here. These axe heads are held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. Four bronze palstave axe heads were also found. Two formed part of the Robb Collection and are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. Two others formed part of the Stewart Collection and are currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

PROSPECT: FLINT ARROWHEADS (2) 30m OD; CS 17; IG 21; C 9300 2600+ Two barbed and tanged arrowheads of flint were found at Leslie Hill by students of Ballymoney Secondary School. One measured 6.2cm in length and the other measured 7.4cm in length. They are held within the school collection. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1964, 96-102.

PORTGLENONE: BRONZE AXE HEADS (3) 15m OD; CS 31; IG 66; C 9800 0400+ Three bronze socketed axe heads were reported to have been found in the River Bann here. Two formed part of the Stewart Collection. These axe heads are currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. One further axe head was catalogued by Knowles, but its 109

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND two silver coins nearby. The second account recorded the discovery of six skeletons, along with two bronze axes, one stone axe and two silver coins. The accounts suggest two separate findspots. ANT 020:058 O’Laverty 178-1895, Vol. IV, 548-549. REDHALL: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 117m OD; CS 47; IG 84; J 4470 9403 This site was discovered, at the time of a housing development. Its location was in undeveloped fields, to the north of West Street, at the junction with Main Street, Ballycarry. Archaeological features included a large pit, near the southern boundary of the development and also a medium sized hearth and small pit, which lay 12m north of the large pit. The kidney-shaped hearth measured 0.75m in length, 0.7m in width and 0.25m in depth and was orientated north to south. It contained fragments of crude late Bronze Age pottery, a simple flint blade and a crude flint thumb-scraper. The base of the pit showed evidence for in situ burning. These features may represent a transient late Bronze Age campsite (1,200-300 BC). ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2011.

Figure 143: Prospect Arrowheads (Not in SMR) (after Flanagan 1964, 98) RAMS ISLAND: STONE AXE HEAD 10m OD; CS 58; IG 144; J 0950 7230+ A polished stone axe head, measuring 14.9cm in length, 5.7cm in width and 2.5cm in thickness, was found here. It became part of the Tennyson Collection. It is now held at Armagh County Museum [ACM 84-35]. ANT [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1982, 51-71. RANDALSTOWN: STONE AXE HEAD 30m OD; CS 43; IG 95; J 0800 9000+ A stone axe head was reported to have been found here. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Mahr 1930, 73-78.

ROONIVOOLIN: GOLD DRESS FASTENER 60m OD; CS 1; IG 3; D 1510 4770 A Bronze Age dress fastener was uncovered, when ploughing in a field near Ushet on Rathlin Island. An informant in 1989 said it had been melted down in the 1920s. ANT 001:079 Gage 1851.

RANDALSTOWN: BRONZE AXE HEAD & CHISEL 30m OD; CS 43; IG 95; J 0800 9000+ This trunnion axe head was reported to be found at Randalstown. It is currently held in private ownership. A bronze trunnion chisel was also reported to have been found here and was detailed in the Knowles Catalogue. It is now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119; Hodges 1952, 29-56. RATHKENNY: FLINT ARROWHEAD 120m OD; CS 27; IG 55; D 1200 1100+ A flint, leaf-shaped arrowhead, measuring 3.3cm in length, was found here. It was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [806.1963]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan and Seaby 1965, 102-116.

Figure 144: Roonivoolin Dress Fastener (ANT 001:079) (after Gage 1851) RORY’S GLEN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 154m OD; CS 40; IG 70; D 3543 0128 In 2009, test trenching and subsequent excavation was carried out at the top of Kilwaughter Quarry, in advance of further blasting. Several stake holes and a spread, containing sherds of Bronze Age pottery and fragments of worked flint, were discovered. ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2010; 2011; 2012.

RATHSHERRY: BRONZE SPEARHEAD & SWORD 190m OD; CS 28; IG 44/56; D 1400 1200+ A bronze spearhead was reported in the OS Memoirs to have been found here. Its current location is unknown. A bronze, leaf-shaped sword was also reported to have been found here. It was recorded in the Knowles Catalogue, but its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

RORY’S GLEN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 154m OD; CS 40; IG 70; D 3544 0138 Topsoil stripping took place, ahead of an extension to a limestone quarry. Two areas of archaeology were uncovered. Area 1 contained a Bronze Age round house, measuring c.9m in diameter, as well as several external spreads and pits. The house consisted of several sections

RED BAY: HOARDS (2) 10m OD; CS 20; IG 25; D 2300 2500 Two accounts of finds were made during the construction of Red Bay pier c.1849. The first account reported the discovery of two skeletons, with two bronze axes and 110

INVENTORY SEACASH: ASSEMBLAGE 76m OD; CS 55; IG 128; J 1539 7978 This is a rath, which was excavated in 1971, prior to its destruction by building. Occupation of the rath consisted on one definable structural phase, with a house in the centre, defined by slight gullies and an arc of boulders with post-holes, in its interior. This was surrounded by cobbling and a 0.6m deep drain led water away from the uphill side of the house, running across the entrance causeway over the encircling ditch. A second structure, defined by large postholes, was built against the inner edge of the bank. Finds included glass beads, lignite bracelets, one spindle whorl, a fragment of a quern stone, iron and bronze pins and many sherds of souterrain ware. A sherd of a Bronze Age cinerary urn, with abraded two-ply cord impression, was found at the bottom of the rath occupation layer. ANT 055:077 Lynn 1978, 55-74.

of external gully, with a ring of internal post holes. The house had been deliberately destroyed and the remains covered over. Following this destruction, a cremation burial had been inserted into the covering material. The site produced over 500 sherds of prehistoric pottery and 2200 pieces of struck flint. A radiocarbon determination from one of the post holes of the house returned a date of 1660-1500 BC and the burial returned a date of 12601050 BC. ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2013. RORY’S GLEN: BRONZE AXE HEAD 150m OD; CS 40; IG 70; D 3500 0100+ A bronze socketed axe head was reported to have been found at Kilwalter. This is probably Kilwaughter, which is a parish comprising several townlands. It was recorded in the Knowles Catalogue, but its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

SHANE’S CASTLE: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) & FLINTS 15m OD; CS 49; IG 95; J 1214 8874 This has been classified as Neolithic in date. The site is on level, improved pasture on the western bank of a stream, which marks the eastern boundary of this small townland. No visible trace now remains of this rath, which was levelled as part of a farm improvement scheme, after a limited excavation in 1972. No structures were found during the excavation, although strong traces of occupation, indicated by large quantities of souterrain ware pottery, were recovered. Traces of earlier activity were found beneath the rath, including sherds of Neolithic pottery and flint artefacts, with charcoal [1990]. An archaeological evaluation was carried out south-east of the rath site in 2008, on a development site for houses, 2700 square metres centred on J 1221 8867. Eight test trenches were excavated, sampling the entire site, but no archaeological deposits were found [FMcM, 2008]. ANT 049:027

SCARYHILL: ASSEMBLAGE 300m OD; CS 25; IG 35; D 2730 2030 This site is recorded by Woodman as Carnlough North, or Windy Ridge, but the grid reference given is located at Scaryhill. Excavations on the Garron Plateau, as part of the Glencloy Project, uncovered a scatter of Neolithic flintwork and ceramics, around a small hearth. Analysis of the finds suggested that flint was taken on to the plateau in two forms. These were already retouched tools and small nodules, which could be used as a source of blades and flakes. ANT [Not in SMR] Woodman et al. 1991-1992, 13-35.

SHANE’S CASTLE PARK: STONE BATTLE AXE HEAD 10m OD; CS 49; IG 95; J 0980 8680 This battle axe head, measuring 15.4cm in length, was recovered from Shane’s Castle Park, Antrim at Maine Water Point. It has been categorised as belonging to the Early Series (Early Bronze Age) by Derek Simpson. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 782:1963]. ANT [Not in SMR] Simpson 1990, 18.

Figure 146: Shanes Castle Park Battle Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Simpson 1990, 19)

Figure 145: Scaryhill Assemblage (Not in SMR) (after Woodman et al. 1991-1992, 21) 111

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND SHARVOGUES: BRONZE PIN 40m OD; CS 37; IG 80; J 0900 9600+ A bronze sunflower pin, designated as a Class II type of the late Bronze Age, was reported to have been found here. It is currently held at the Cambridge Museum in England. ANT [Not in SMR] Hodges 1956, 29-56.

Figure 147: Skerry East Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Sheridan 1986, 24)

SHILLANAVOGY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 300m OD; CS 34; IG 70; D 2500 0400 A miniature accessory cup, also known as a pygmy cup, was reported to have been found here. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 3922]. ANT [Not in SMR] ApSimon 1969, 65.

SKERRY EAST: FLINT JAVELIN HEAD 185m OD; CS 24; IG 44; D 1450 0400+ A flint, leaf-shaped javelin head, measuring 6.2cm in length, was found at Newtown Crommelin and included in the Fawcett Collection. In 1965 it was purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A162.1965]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1967, 21-40.

SKERRY EAST: GOLD TORCS (2) 184m OD; CS 24; IG 44; D 1450 1760 The OS Memoirs described the finding by two workmen in 1836 of two gold objects, designed for the wrist or neck. This occurred, while digging the foundations for a new bridge, beside Newtown Crommelin village. There are no visible remains of the findspot and the exact site remains unlocated. The Memoir continued that the objects were sold to a watchmaker in Ballymena and melted down. ANT 024:034 OS Memoir Newtown Crommelin, Box 15 II, 2; O’Laverty 1884, Vol. III, 466.

SKERRY EAST: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & BEADS 185m OD; CS 24; IG 34; D 1450 0400+ This site was reported by O’Laverty, who recorded that a slab-covered cist, five feet [1.5m] long and four feet [1.2m] wide was found in 1817. It contained ‘a shallow red earthen urn, highly ornamented, containing some ashes’. A similar grave, about 1000m to the north, contained a similar red clay urn, but in addition there were found nearby a quart measure of small button-shaped pieces of black wood, each of which was pierced with a hole. These possible beads were subsequently lost. ANT [Not in SMR] O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol. III, 449; Waddell 1990, 49.

SKERRY EAST: FLINTS 185m OD; CS 24; IG 44; D 1450 0400+ A worked flint flake was found here and donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [816.1963]. A flint lozengeshaped arrowhead, measuring 2.5cm in length, was also found at Skerry East and included in the Fawcett Collection. In 1965 it was purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A60.1965]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1967, 21-40.

SKERRY EAST: BRONZE AXE HEADS (2) & SPEARHEAD 185m OD; CS 24; IG 44; D 1450 0400+ A bronze palstave axe head was reported to have been found in Newtown Crommelin, but this is not a townland name. The village is in Skerry East townland. The axe head is held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. A bronze socketed axe head was also found here. Its current location is unknown. A bronze leaf-shaped spearhead, with loops on the socket, was also found here. It is currently held at the British Museum in London. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

SKERRY EAST: FLINT ARROWHEAD & STONE AXE HEAD 185 m OD; CS 24; IG 44; D 1450 0400+ A flint, hollow-based triangular arrowhead, measuring 2.5cm in length, was found at Skerry East and included in the Fawcett Collection. In 1965 it was purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A106:1965]. A polished stone axe head, measuring 8.8cm in length, 5.7cm in width and 2.5cm in thickness, was also found here. It was donated to Armagh County Museum [ACM: 99-62]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1967, 21-40; Weatherup 1975, 5-24.

SKERRY EAST: BRONZE RAPIER 185m OD; CS 24; IG 44; D 1450 0400+ A bronze rapier was reported to have been found here. It is held in private ownership. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. SKERRY WEST: FLINTS 320m OD; CS 24; IG 43; D 1350 1850+ Three flint end scrapers, two side scrapers and a flint knife were found here. They became part of the Fawcett

112

INVENTORY SOUTH WEST BALLYCARRY: STONE AXE HEAD & FLINTS 120m OD; CS 47; IG 84; J 4477 9353 This site is a large circular enclosure, which is associated with the ecclesiastical site at Templecorran, Ballycarry. Geophysical survey (2008) indicated the survival of extensive buried remains, including a previously unknown seventeenth century fort. Archaeological investigation suggests the site of the enclosure may have first been laid out in Neolithic times. Geophysical survey and subsequent archaeological evaluation established that the remains of a rectangular bawn enclosure, with angular bastions at the north-west and south-east, survived intact close to the Bentra Road. The lands are being re-scheduled, with a reduced area around this bawn enclosure, on the grounds of excavation potential and vulnerability. Excavations in 2010 recovered prehistoric flints, which included flakes, blades and cores. These were dated to the Neolithic or Bronze Ages. A fragment of a Neolithic porcellanite polished axe head was also found. ANT 047:068 Crothers 2000, 29-46.

Collection. In 1966 they were purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan et al, 1968, 33-52. SKERRYWHIRRY: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 277m OD; CS 39; IG 69; D 3000 0000+ A bronze spearhead was reported to have been found at Agnew’s Hill and formed part of the Robb Collection. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. SKILGANABAN: ASSEMBLAGE 112m OD; CS 45; IG 98; J 3116 9272 This Bronze Age settlement was uncovered during a road improvement scheme (A8). It was situated on a low ridge, which sloped gently down to boggy ground to the north and south. The excavation uncovered four prehistoric circular structures and part of a fifth. The largest of these measured 15m in diameter and was constructed using large wooden posts and stakes. An internal ring of fifteen large posts would have supported the roof, while an outer ring of over eighty stakes formed the walls. Over three hundred and fifty stake holes covered the internal area of the structure and would have formed internal walls. Beside this was a smaller structure, which measured 10m in diameter. This had been built, using a ring of small posts to form the outer wall and stakes to create the internal walls. It appears that these structures were contemporary, with the possibility that they could have formed a large house, with an associated workshop. A further structure was even smaller and appears to have pre-dated the others. Only part of a fourth structure was visible on site, although it appears to be of a similar size to the largest. This indicates that the prehistoric settlement extended into fields, beyond the area of the road. Prehistoric pottery, worked flint and a polished stone axe were uncovered, suggesting that these structures date to the Bronze Age (c.2000-500 BC). ANT [Not in SMR] Gilmore 2009, 47-63; Excavations.ie 2012; Barkley 20132014, 1-56.

SOUTH WEST BALLYCARRY: ASSEMBLAGE 120m OD; CS 47; IG 84; J 4485 9350 A previously unrecorded burial cairn was discovered, during geophysical survey. Subsequent archaeological monitoring was carried out by CAF in 2011. The cairn lies partially within agricultural land, with the remainder underneath a field boundary and minor road, 150m west of Templecorran Church (ANT 047:037). Neolithic and Bronze Age pottery, flint artefacts and part of a porcellanite axe head were recovered from the topsoil in adjacent fields. There is no local knowledge of this site. An unlocated cist burial (ANT 047:037) was reported about 700m to the south-west and a standing stone (ANT 047:063) is located in Forthill townland, some 600m to the south-east. ANT [Not in SMR] OS Memoir Templecorran, 1839; O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol.III, 93; Sloan 2010. SOUTH WEST BALLYCARRY: BRONZE AXE HEAD 120m OD; CS 47; IG 84; J 4480 9350 A bronze socketed axe head was reported to have been found here. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. SPRING MOUNT: FLINT ARROWHEAD 92m OD; CS 27; IG 43; D 0750 1420 A fragment of a flint, leaf-shaped arrowhead, which measured 1.7cm in length, was found here. It was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [168.1960]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1963, 105-111. STAFFORDSTOWN: STONE AXE HEAD 60m OD; CS 49; IG 95; J 0377 8674+ A stone axe head was reported to have been found here. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Mahr 1930, 73-78.

Figure 148: Skilganaban Settlement (Not in SMR) (after Barkley, 2013-2014, 18) 113

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND STEEPLE: ASSEMBLAGE 70m OD; CS 50; IG 96; J 1627 8838 Excavations at Steeple Road have revealed a vast quantity of archaeological features, from prehistoric times to the early Christian period. The prehistoric areas include at least one area of Neolithic activity and three Bronze Age ring barrows. Excavations uncovered a metalled area, with associated Neolithic artefacts, several areas of post holes and associated activity. Close to one of the ring barrows, a heart-shaped enclosure, measuring 18m in length, 15m in width and 0.25m in depth, was formed by a series of narrow slots. A shallow pit, inside the slots, contained numerous fragments of Beaker pottery. Features dating to the early medieval period included a large plectrum-shaped enclosure, associated circular structures and souterrains. The enclosure is identical in shape and layout to one excavated at Newtown, County Limerick. It was defined by a ditch 3m in width, 3m in depth and enclosed an area of 70 square metres. The ditch contained a significant amount of souterrain ware pottery. Excavation of the interior revealed at least four houses and four other structures, which have been interpreted as wooden-built souterrains. A surviving timber from one of these has been dated to AD 675. Concentrations of gullies seem to represent the remnants of structures, although it was not possible to assign them to any particular period. A possible burnt mound was also discovered. The artefacts recovered from the site are as a whole diagnostic of the time periods represented. These included polished stone axes, kite-shaped arrowheads, Bronze Age decorated pottery, a saddle quern, a rotary quern, souterrain ware pottery and a bronze/copper ring-headed pin, as well as remains of cremation burials from the ring barrows (see also ANT 050:188). ANT 050:187 Collins and Coyne 2003, 17-19; Bennett 2011, 17.

ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2002. STRAIDBILLY: BRONZE AXE HEAD 60m OD; CS 7; IG 14; C 9850 3650+ A bronze, flat axe head was reported to have been found here. This was recorded in the OS Memoirs, but its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. STRANOCUM: BRONZE SWORD 50m OD; CS 12; IG 22; D 0100 2900+ A bronze, leaf-shaped sword was reported to have been found here. It is currently held at the British Museum in London. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. STROAN: BRONZE AXE HEAD 120m OD; CS 8; IG 15; D 1000 3400+ A bronze, flanged axe head was reported to have been found here and recorded in the OS Memoirs. Its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. TANNAGHMORE: STONE AXE HEAD 140m OD; CS 43; IG 95; J 0513 9259+ A rough-out for a porcellanite axe head was reported to have been found here. It is held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 1930.924]. ANT [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-60. TARDREE: FLINT KNIFE & STONE AXE HEAD 200m OD; CS 44; IG 81; J 1950 9450+ A flint knife was found here and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 803.1960]. A stone axe head was reported to have been found here. It was also donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Mahr 1930, 73-78; Prendergast and Lucas 1962, 139-173.

STRAIDBILLY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 60m OD; CS 7; IG 7/14; C 9800 3700 The OS Memoirs record on the ‘holding of James Hamill there stood an ancient graveyard…but all now destroyed… there were urns of bones found beneath its surface’. The graveyard was close to two other sites, a holy well (ANT 007:090) and two souterrains (ANT 007:066). Local people were unfamiliar with the tradition of a graveyard in this townland and knew of no-one named Hamill in this vicinity. ANT 007:089

TAVNAGHARRY: STONE AXE HEADS 123m OD; CS 19; IG 24; D 2000 2600 This was reported by Knowles, as an axe factory, in a field on a farm in Tamnaharry, in Glen Ballyemon. The name of the landowner was unknown. When inquiries were made with the local farmers, no-one had ever heard of an axe factory, although one farmer had found an axe on his land. It seems likely that the field in question has since been improved and all the artefacts have been removed. One axe head, measuring 10.5cm in length, 5.4cm in width and 2.7cm in thickness, is held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 784.1960]. ANT 019:024 Knowles 1906, 383-394; Prendergast and Lucas 1962, 139-173.

STRAIDBILLY: ASSEMBLAGE 68m OD; CS 7; IG 14; C 9864 3697 Monitored topsoil re-scraping and spoil heap investigation took place intermittently, during June and August 2002, at a development site in Straidbilly townland, Liscolman. Investigation of the spoil heaps resulted in the recovery of one sherd of prehistoric pottery, a heavily damaged portion of a polished porcellanite axe head, five finished flint scrapers and a quantity of roughly struck flints. In the southern and south-western parts of the development site, three areas of archaeological potential were identified.

TAYLORSTOWN: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 50m OD; CS 42/43; IG 79; J 0200 9400+ A bronze spearhead was reported to have been found here. It was detailed in the Knowles Catalogue, but its 114

INVENTORY current whereabouts is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

pottery, stone and bone tools, a rough stone figure and iron slag. The cave itself is described as measuring 31m in length and 7.7m in width. Very little evidence of the excavation or the various occupations now remains. ANT 003:034 May 1943, 39-60.

TEESHAN: FLINT ARROWHEAD & STONE AXE HEAD 92m OD; CS 32; IG 55; D 0800 0600 Although not precisely located, this lozenge shaped arrowhead was found in a bog at Teeshan, near Ballymena. A stone axe head was also reported to have been found here. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Mahr 1930, 73-78; Waddell 1998, 50.

TEMPLEPATRICK: ASSEMBLAGE 46m OD; CS 51; IG 113; J 2250 8590 This is a multi-period site, referred to as Castle Upton, uncovered during development works for a new hotel and golf course. Excavations commenced in 1996 and revealed a range of artefacts including flints, an adze and five complete pots, with cord-impressed and incised decoration. Four Bronze Age houses were found, containing pottery and flint arrowheads. Porcellanite axe heads and a saddle quern were also found. ANT [Not in SMR] Gahan 1997, 29-30.

Figure 149: Teeshan Arrowhead (Not in SMR) (after Waddell 1998, 50)

TEMPLEPATRICK: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 40m OD; CS 50/51; IG 113; J 2250 8550+ A small bronze, socketed spearhead, measuring 11.3cm in length, was found here. It had loops, mid-way between the socket and the blade end. The blade was kite-shaped with a rib. It was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [276.1964]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan and Seaby 1966, 103-114. TEMPLEPATRICK: BRONZE AXE HEADS (4) 40m OD; CS 51; IG 113; J 2250 8550+ Four bronze palstave axe heads were reported to have been found at Castle Upton. They are currently held at West Berkshire Museum, Newbury, in England. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

TEESHAN: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 92m OD; CS 32; IG 55; D 0800 0600+ A bronze, leaf-shaped spearhead with loops on the socket, was reported to have been found here. It was detailed in the Knowles Catalogue, but its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

TENAGHS: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 123m OD; CS 14; IG 16; D 1430 3430 Situated in a field on undulating land, which falls to the Glenshesk River, at the north-west and the Owencam River at the north, Evans (1945) recorded the discovery of ‘an underground cave and urn’ about 100 years ago on ‘McAuley’s farm’. The wife of the current landowner (also named McAuley) pointed out a heather-covered ridge, c.200m north-east of the farm, where she believed the ‘cave’ was located. ANT 014:013 Evans 1945, 14-32.

TEHORNY: STONE AXE HEAD 60m OD; CS 26; IG 54; C 9750 1050+ A porcellanite axe head was reported to have been found here. It is currently held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [AM 223]. ANT [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952. TEMPLASTRAGH: ASSEMBLAGE 5m OD; CS 3; IG 1; D 0053 4440 Just west of a natural hollow in the rocks and south of a narrow path, this natural cave, known as Portbraddan Cave, lies at the base of a basaltic cliff, which forms part of the headland. Part of the floor of the cave was intermittently excavated in the 1930s by May, who records that the entrance was blocked almost to the roof with soil and stones, through which a trench 2.5m in width was cut. Hearths were scattered at various depths throughout the excavated area, revealing evidence for occupation at different times over a long period, which included the prehistoric. Finds included human and animal bones,

*TERVILLIN: STONE AXE HEAD 123m OD; CS 5; IG 9; D 1801 4218 This site is also known as Coolanlough. On a north-facing slope of a hill, with good views to the west, this is the poorly-preserved remains of a megalithic tomb. Traces around the cairn suggest it may originally have been circular, measuring approximately 10m in diameter. A porcellanite axe was discovered on top of the cairn in 1991. ANT 005:012 Evans Field Notebook II, 18-19; Chart 1940, 8. 115

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND TERVILLIN: STONE HAMMER 120m OD; CS 5; IG 9; D 1800 4200+ A partly-perforated basaltic stone hammer was reported to have been found here, while digging was taking place in a field. Evans recorded that the fields here were ‘richly strewn with worked flints’ and that he had ‘picked up several flakes of blue stone, presumably from Rathlin, and some pieces of lignite’ (Evans 1945, 17). The current location of these finds is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Evans 1945, 14-32.

ANT [Not in SMR] Mahr 1930, 73-78. *TILDARG: STONE AXE HEAD 358m OD; CS 45; IG 82; J 2323 9663 On the summit of Big Collin, this round mound stands out as a green mound, against a brown-yellow background of poor grassland. Known locally as the volcano, the mound is constructed of earth and stones and has traces of a possible kerb on its south-eastern side. The summit has been dug into, leaving a depression, which led to the local name. A stone axe head was found here and it was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT 045:001 Mahr 1930, 73-78; Davies 1941, 37. TILDARG: FLINT JAVELIN HEAD 350m OD; CS 39/44; IG 82; J 2300 9650+ A flint, lozenge-shaped javelin head was reported to have been found at Tildarve in County Armagh. There is no townland of this name, so the findspot is probably Tildarg in County Antrim. It was ground and polished with steeply-worked edges. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 76.1958]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan et al. 1959, 43-55.

Figure 150: Tervillin Stone Hammer (Not in SMR|) (after Evans 1945, 16)

TIRGRACEY: FLINT ARROWHEAD 30m OD; CS 50; IG 112; J 1550 8550+ A flint, hollow-based arrowhead, measuring 4.6cm in length, was found here. It was purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [765.1963]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1963, 105-111.

*TICLOY: ASSEMBLAGE 195m OD; CS 29; IG 57; D 2314 1177 This is also known as the Stone House and is on a gradual south-facing slope of Ticloy Hill, with extensive views across the Braid River Valley to the south-west. The remains of this portal tomb consist of the north portal, two side stones, one on the north and one on the south side, plus a slightly-gabled back stone. This single chamber is roofed by two large capstones, of which the western stone appears partly displaced. A displaced slab, measuring 1.6m in length and located on the southern side of the entrance appears to be the southern portal. The chamber entrance faces east. The chamber measures 1.4m in length, 1.2m in width at the east, narrowing to 0.9m at west. The upright portal measures at least 1.7m in height, while the side stones measure 1.1m and 1.7m in height and the back stone measures 1.5m in height. The interior of the chamber is filled with loose stones. There is no visible trace of a cairn or of the adjoining court, which was shown in the sketch in the Ordnance Survey Memoirs. Finds included sherds of decorated pottery and flints, including a leaf-shaped arrowhead and a Bann flake. ANT 029:031 OS Memoir Skerry,1833 and 1835; Gray 1883-1884, 361; O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol. III, 449-451; Buick 1895, 59; Borlase 1897, Vol.1 266; Chart 1940, 25; Evans and Watson 1942, 62-65; Davies and Evans 1943, 7-23; Davies 1944, 120; Mogey 1946, 132; Herity 1982, 247-404; Ó Nualláin 1983, 80, 90; OS Field Report No. 193; NI MOF 1969, Vol. 2, fig. 1c.

*TOBERAGNEE: ASSEMBLAGE 233m OD; CS 56; IG 113; J 2478 8290 This site is also known as Lyles Hill. At the highest point of the eastern end of Lyles Hill (ANT 056:005), with excellent views to the west, south and east, this is the remains of a round cairn, with an Ordnance Survey trigonometric station, built into the south-western corner. According to Waddell, this cairn produced numerous traces of cremated remains and contained a central stone-lined grave, containing sherds of Neolithic and Bronze Age pottery, as well as fragments of cremated bone. Outside the kerb of this cairn were three Bronze Age burials: 1. A dry masonry-lined cavity, at the south-east, with a floor slab but no cover stone, contained an encrusted urn, which was inverted over seven pounds of cremated bone. Nearby were the crushed remains of a small vase. The bones were those of an adult male. 2. A small slab-built rectangular cist contained a crushed bowl, accompanying the cremated remains (8lbs) of an adult of small size, probably a female. This grave had been disturbed by the later insertion of burial 1 above. 3. On the south-west, a stone-lined pit of oval form, with no covering slab, contained an urn, inverted beside a food vessel and the cremated bones of an adult male. This urn has been identified as an encrusted urn (Kavanagh 1973, 531) and is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 973-1937].

TICLOY: STONE AXE HEAD 190m OD; CS 29; IG 57; D 2300 1150+ A stone axe head was reported to have been found here. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. 116

INVENTORY ANT 056:006 Chart 1940, 52; Watson 1945, 104; Kavanagh 1973, 507617; Waddell 1990, 48-49.

described in the OS Memoirs as ‘about 250 yards [230m] of an ancient burial ground.’ (ANT 003:067) People questioned in the area, including two elderly residents at Tonduff, had never heard of the urn burials, the graveyard or of anyone named Kelsey in the district. The site remains unlocated. ANT 003:082

Figure 151: Toberagnee Urn (ANT 056:006) (after Kavanagh 1973, 579)

TONDUFF: COIN HOARDS (3) 80m OD; CS 3; IG 1; C 9670 4430 A hoard of 500 silver Roman coins, in a thin leather bag, was reported as having been found in 1830 by James Quigg in Tonduff, which is about one mile from the Giant’s Causeway. Apparently, he sold them to visitors at the Giant’s Causeway. It has been reported that Quigg found two further hoards, within the same townland and that one more hoard had been found after 1854. ANT 003:114 Porter and Carruthers 1854, 187; Bateson 1971, 50-57.

TOBERAGNEE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 138m OD; CS 56; IG 113; J 2366 8338 This site was uncovered, during water main works. The remains of an inverted cremation urn burial were excavated. The burial had been heavily truncated in antiquity, with the result that only the upper 5cm of urn remained. The urn was dated to the early Bronze Age (c. 2500–1500 BC) and showed little sign of surface treatment. The surface of the urn had not been smoothed and appeared to be very coarse. A series of criss-cross lines had been incised around the external rim, as decoration. ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2006.

TOOME: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 42; IG 94; H 9900 9000 This site is in Lough Neagh, just off the western bank of a long sand bank known as Toome Bar, which separates Lough Neagh from a canal. This land had recently been reclaimed from a small inlet in the Lough, 800m south of the centre of Toome village. The reclaimed land is damp and marshy, with a dense growth of rushes and scrub, with some tree cover. This site was not marked on any OS map, although finds of Mesolithic flint have previously been made in this area. However, there is nothing visible at present to indicate these former findspots. ANT 042:013

TOBERDONEY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 50m OD; CS 7; IG 14; C 9800 3400 A collared urn was reported to have been found here. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1861:448]. ANT [Not in SMR] Abercromby 1912, 2; ApSimon 1969, 64.

TOOME: ASSEMBLAGE 19m OD; CS 42; IG 94; H 9890 9040 This site has also been recorded as in Brecart townland. Monitored topsoil stripping took place during December 2002, on a development site to the west of Saint Oliver Plunkett Church, Toomebridge, before the construction of residential properties. To the west, the area was bound by the River Bann and the Bann Canal. Outside the development site, beyond its south-western limit, lay the eighteenth to nineteenth century Toome House, with the remains of the fifteenth century tower house, Toome Castle to the south-west. One area was identified as containing more than fifty potential archaeological features. Examination of the topsoil, overlying this area, led to the recovery of eighty-eight pieces of struck flint, along with seven flint cores and one possible hammerstone. Preliminary analysis suggests that the assemblage contained material from both the early and the late Mesolithic. Although it is too early to speculate on the nature of the settlement here, it seems likely that activity was centred on a low rise, extending above the level of the flood plain of the River Bann. Excavation was expected to start in 2003. ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2002.

TOBERDOWNEY: FLINT SCRAPER 100m OD; CS 46; IG 83; J 3128 9417 This site was discovered during an A8 road improvement scheme in 2012. The site was a small Neolithic pit, which contained a hollow scraper. ANT [Not in SMR] Barkley 2016, 1-56. TONDUFF: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 70m OD; CS 3; IG 1/7; C 9600 4400 The OS Memoirs noted that two urn burials were found in 1835, on John Kelsey’s farm. Both urns contained bone and ashes and were covered with flat stones. The sites were unknown by those people questioned within the area, nor was the name Kelsey known in this district. ANT 003:075 TONDUFF: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 70m OD; CS 3; IG 1/7; C 9600 4400 Two urns, one inverted and one upright, both containing bone, were found in 1833 on William Kelsey’s farm, and 117

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND TOOME: FLINT FLAKE & STONE AXE HEADS (3) 15m OD; CS 42; IG 94; H 9900 9000+ A flint flake ‘of the Bann Type’ was also found at Toome. It measured 8.2cm in length and 3.8cm in width. A stone axe head was found at Toome. It measured 9.2cm in length, 4.7cm in width and 1.9cm in thickness. Another stone axe head was dredged from the River Bann here in 1937. It measured 19cm in length, 6.9cm in width and 3.4cm in thickness. These finds were donated to Armagh County Museum. Another stone axe head was reported to have been found here and was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Mahr 1930, 73-78; Weatherup 1978, 26, 31 & 32.

TOOME: HORSE TACK 15m OD; CS 42; IG 79; H 9900 9000+ This early Iron Age bronze bridle bit was reportedly found in Lough Beg, in the River Bann, north of Toome. It has been classified as a Type B style, with asymmetrical ornamentation. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1933.19]. ANT [Not in SMR] Haworth 1971, 26-49; Waddell 1998, 296-297.

TOOME: STONE AXE HEAD 30m OD; CS 42; IG 94; H 9900 9000+ A porcellanite square-sided axe head was found here. It is currently held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [AM 4379]. A rough-out for a stone axe head was also found within a diatomite deposit. It is held in private ownership. ANT [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-60.

Figure 152: Toome Bridle Bit (Not in SMR) (after Waddell 1998, 297) TOOME: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 15m OD; CS 42; IG 94; H 9900 9000+ A bronze spearhead was found ‘three to four hundred yards [276-369m] from Toome, between the bridge and the ford’ (Evans 1947, 67). When found, it had 60cm of shaft attached, but this has been lost. It had protected loops. Its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Evans 1947, 66-68.

TOOME: FLINT ARROWHEAD & BANN FLAKE 30m OD; CS 42; IG 94; H 9900 9000+ A flint, hollow-based triangular arrowhead was found here and became part of the Fawcett Collection. In 1965 it was purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A87.1965]. A flint Bann flake from here was purchased from the collection in 1966 [A99.1966]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1967, 21-40; Flanagan et al. 1968, 33-52. TOOME: SADDLE QUERNS (2) 15m OD; CS 42; IG 79/94; H 9900 9000+ Two irregular saddle querns were reported to have been found here. They are now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1933:1352 & 1353]. ANT [Not in SMR] Connolly 1994, 33.

Figure 153: Toome Spearhead (Not in SMR) (after Evans 1947, 66)

TOOME: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) 15m OD; CS 42; IG 94; H 9900 9000+ Two Neolithic decorated globular bowls were reported to have been found on the north shore of Lough Neagh at Toome Bar. They are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Herity 1982, 247-404. TOOME: BRONZE SHIELD 15m OD; CS 42; IG 94; H 9900 9000+ A bronze shield was reported to be found at Toome Bar. It was described as being of thin bronze, similar to two others, found in Counties Leitrim and Longford. Armstong describes ‘their hand-grips are so impractical that they seem to have been weapons of parade or else made from some religious or ceremonial purpose’. They are attributed to the late Bronze Age or early Iron Age. ANT [Not in SMR] Amstrong 1924, 122.

TOOME: BRONZE SPEARHEADS (3) 15m OD; CS 42; IG 79/94; H 9900 9000+ Three bronze spearheads were reported to have been found here. One had a narrow, rapier-shaped head, with loops at the base of the blade, which were separate but joined to it. Another, found at Toome Bar, also had basal loops. They are currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. A third spearhead, also with basal loops, was found in the River Bann and is now held at the Pitt-Rivers Museum in Farnham, England ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119; Waddell 1998, 181. 118

INVENTORY TOOME: BRONZE SWORDS (13) 15m OD; CS 42; IG 94; H 9900 9000+ Thirteen bronze leaf-shaped swords were reported to have been found here. Eight were found at Toome Bar and along with another, are now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. One was found below Toome Bridge and another south of the railway bridge in Toome. These, along with another, are held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. One further leaf-shaped sword was recovered from the River Bann and is held in private ownership. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

Figure 154: Toome Spearhead (Not in SMR) (after Waddell 1998, 181)

TOOME: BRONZE RAPIER 15m OD; CS 42; IG 94; H 9900 9000 A bronze rapier, measuring 55.8cm in length, was found here. It had a damaged hafting plate. It was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [367.1960]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1963, 105-111. TOOME: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 15m OD; CS 42; IG 94; H 9900 9000+ A bronze, socketed spear head, measuring 52.7cm in length, with a lozenge-shaped loop at the base of the blade, was found at Toome. It became part of the Fawcett Collection. In 1965 it was purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A202.1965]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1967, 21-40. Figure 156: Toome Rapier (Not in SMR) (after Flanagan 1963, 107)

Figure 155: Toome Spearhead (Not in SMR) (after Flanagan 1967, 38)

TOOME: BRONZE SWORD 15m OD; CS 42; IG 94; H 9900 9000+ A bronze sword was reported to have been found here. It has been attributed to the Ballintober Type. Its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Wood-Martin 1886, 171; Hodges 1952, 29-56.

TOOME: BRONZE RAPIERS (3) & PIN 15m OD; CS 42; IG 94; H 9900 9000+ Three bronze rapiers were reported to have been found in the River Bann here. Two are held at the Pitt-Rivers Museum in Farnham and the third, recorded in the Wilde Catalogue, is held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. A bronze sunflower pin was also found. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

TOOME: BRONZE AXE HEADS (11) 15m OD; CS 42; IG 94; H 9900 9000+ Four bronze flat axe heads were reported to have been found here. Three were found at Toome Bar and formed part of the Adams Collection. One is held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast and the two others are held at the 119

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND TOOME: IRON SWORD 15m OD; CS 42; IG 94; H 9880 8970 This early Iron Age sword was recovered in about 1947, during dredging operations. The location was at the south end of the boat channel, on the east shore of the bay and just south of the weir on the River Bann. It is in fragmentary condition, with the remnants of the blade only measuring 9.5cm in length, 2.9cm wide at the shoulder and 5mm in thickness. It is attributed to the Continental La Tѐne II Phase and is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Warner 1967, 41-43.

National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. A fourth flat axe head formed part of the Knowles Collection, but its current location is unknown. A flanged axe head was also found here and became part of the Keiller-Knowles Collection. It is held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. Six bronze palstave axe heads were also found here. Three formed part of the Robb Collection and are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. Two others, one from Toome Bar, are now at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin and the location of another is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. TOOME: BRONZE AXE HEADS (3) & SPEARHEADS (4) 15m OD; CS 42; IG 94; H 9900 9000+ Three bronze socketed axe heads were reported to have been found here, two in the River Bann. Two of these axe heads and a bronze spearhead, also from the River Bann, are now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. A third axe head, part of the Robb Collection, is held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. Two of the bronze spearheads were also part of the Robb Collection and a third was found in the River Bann, below Toome Bridge. All are held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. A fourth spearhead, also from the River Bann, is held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. TOOME: SWORD SCABBARDS (2) 15m OD; CS 42; IG 94; H 9880 3075 These bronze sword scabbards were reportedly found at Toome, with one from Toome Bar, between the road and railway bridges. They are adorned with La Téne decoration. ANT [Not in SMR] Jope 1954, 81-91.

Figure 158: Toome Iron Sword (Not in SMR) (after Warner 1967, 42) TOOME: IRON AXE HEAD 15m OD; CS 42; IG 79/94; H 9900 9000+ Although not precisely located, this iron axe head is an early example of the use of iron technology. It copies earlier bronze socketed axe heads. ANT [Not in SMR] Waddell 1998, 283.

Figure 157: Toome Scabbard (Not in SMR) (after Jope 1954, 82)

Figure 159: Toome Iron Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Waddell 1998, 283) 120

INVENTORY TOWN PARKS [ANTRIM]: ASSEMBLAGE 10m OD; CS 50; IG 96; J 1390 8813 This site appeared on an aerial photograph, as a circular mound, measuring 40m in diameter, with slight traces of an outer ditch. There is nothing visible of the site on the ground. During monitoring of the topsoil stripping, a shallow U-shaped slot trench, five pits and three charcoal spreads were recorded. One of the pits contained two flint tools, two pieces of worked quartz, eighty pieces of flint debitage and one sherd of prehistoric pottery. Charcoal from the slot trench was radiocarbon dated, giving a result of AD 640-730, placing it in the early medieval era, while samples from the pit containing the flint debitage, dated to 3760-3630 BC, placing it in the early Neolithic. It was suggested that the slot trench represented the site of a wind break and the pits represented an industrial area, close to a former shore of Lough Neagh, during prehistory [ACS 2008]. A small black, stone axe head was also found here and is currently held in private ownership. ANT 050:155 Jope et al. 1952, 31-60.

Figure 160: Town Parks [Antrim] Flints (ANT 050:186) (after Ballin Smith et al. 2003, 34) TOWN PARKS [ANTRIM]: FLINTS 25m OD; CS 50; IG 96; J 1445 8791 In advance of development on the site of the former Enkalon site at Ballymena Road in Antrim, an archaeological evaluation was undertaken between 2005 and 2006. The site is situated c.1.5km east of Lough Neagh. No archaeological features were encountered. However, several worked lithics were retrieved, along with several hundred flint pieces. Other finds included a large amount of post medieval pottery sherds, mainly red ware and one coin. Work in the adjacent fields provided evidence relating to both prehistoric activity and also to the late eighteenth century Battle of Antrim. ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2005. Ballin and Will 2005, 12-25; Ballin et al. 2007, 50-74.

TOWN PARKS [ANTRIM]: ASSEMBLAGE 17m OD; CS 50; IG 96; J 1392 8830 The excavation of this site, prior to the development of the Junction One shopping centre, uncovered the truncated remains of two separate Bronze Age round houses, set on the edge of the flood plain of Lough Neagh. The first house was the better preserved of the two, although its western edge had been truncated by a modern ditch. The features of the house were badly truncated as a result of ploughing, tree roots and animal burrowing and survived no deeper than 0.38m. The house survived as an ephemeral wall slot c.9.5m in diameter, with no discernible entrance. Two small post holes were noted in the slot, indicating the location of wall posts. The post holes varied from 0.4m to 2m in diameter. A linear, slightly S-shaped feature lay parallel to the house wall, in the northern part of the building. Towards either end of the feature was a small post or stake hole. This may be evidence of the location of a weaving frame. Artefacts, from within the features of the house, included ceramic sherds, flint and a stone grinder. The second building was not as well preserved, mainly because of animal and root activity. It also lay close to the 17m contour. A faint penannular wall slot indicated that the building also measured c.9.5m in diameter. A one metre wide entrance breached the wall slot in the southeast, marked by two post holes. Only one other certain post hole remained of a possible internal ring of posts. Close to the house wall in the north-west and opposite the entrance, was a large, circular, flat-bottomed pit. It measured c.1.5m in diameter and had been completely lined with oak timber. Three pits, in the west quadrant of the house, indicated the site of a fire pit or hearth complex. The finds from the house included charcoal and flint. Some isolated post holes survived outside both houses, perhaps indicating the remnants of related structures or fence lines [GUARD 2002]. ANT 050:186 Ballin Smith et al. 2003, 16-44; Bennett 2004, 1.

TOWN PARKS [ANTRIM]: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 32m OD; CS 50; IG 96; J 1513 8653 A series of small pits was uncovered, during development work at Millbrook Estate, Drumnahoe in Antrim, in 2000. The pits measured approximately 0.5m in diameter and 0.2m in depth. Sherds of prehistoric pottery, most likely dating to the Bronze Age, were recovered from the fills of three of these pits. The pits did not seem to have any direct relationship with each other, nor did they appear to form part of a structure. ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2000. TOWN PARKS [BALLYCASTLE]: POTTERY (UNCLASSIFIED) 40m OD; CS 4; IG 8; D 1138 4190 This coastal promontory, depicted on the first edition (1839) OS map as Duineny, is situated at Castle Point, on top of a projecting cliff at Ballycastle. It is bounded to the east by cliffs, culminating in the promontory of Fair Head, some 200m in height and to the west by a headland of basalt, some 60m in height. The River Margy flows into the bay at its western end. It has superb views all around. Excavation of the site in 2004 revealed a complex history. A trench was excavated across the expected line of a bank or wall, along the inner side of the ditch. This revealed a pile of large stones, measuring up to 0.5m 121

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND across, lying on a truncated soil. McNeill observed that in section, the stones and other associated material have every appearance of being the remains of a truncated bank, lying within the line of the ditch (2004, 173). Two sherds of prehistoric pottery were recovered from the pile of stones in Trench 2. The excavated ditch measured some 6m deep and was flat-bottomed, containing dumped medieval refuse. Higher in the ditch, the sides were less vertical and McNeill suggests that this sloping upper section may be the remains of an earlier ditch, later deepened. This early phase may have been a late prehistoric promontory fort. ANT 004:001 OS Memoirs, Ramoan, Fagan 1838, Box 15, 5, 2, 65-67; Proudfoot and Wilson 1960-1961, 91-115; McNeill 1983, 101-128; 2004, 167-200.

and also in the gully within it. All the features have been substantially truncated, but it is suggested they represent a Bronze Age house structure and settlement. ANT 017:064 TOWN PARKS [BALLYMONEY]: ASSEMBLAGE 62m OD; CS 17; IG 22; C 9462 2548 This site was uncovered during retail development. A badly truncated curving slot, with a second slot enclosing a rectangular area, was uncovered. There were four subsoil-cut features, excavated from within the area and enclosed by this slot, which may have acted as roof supports. A possible hearth was located, just off-centre, within the structure. The only artefacts, which were recovered from the structure, were a number of pieces of struck flint. The majority of the finds, recovered from across the entire site, would appear to indicate that the archaeological deposits are prehistoric in date, most likely either late Neolithic or early Bronze Age. Numerous pieces of struck flint were recovered, many showing no signs of secondary working, although a number of end scrapers, some blades, an arrowhead and a projectile point were present. Two damaged porcellanite axeheads were also recovered, along with numerous sherds of Neolithic pottery, some of which had traces of decoration. Other features, beyond the limits of the excavation, were recorded in plan and photographed, before being preserved in situ. ANT [Not in SMR] Bennett 2007, 5.

TOWN PARKS [BALLYCASTLE]: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 9; IG 8; D 1214 4083 Excavation was undertaken on this site in November 2014. A total of fourteen flint artefacts were recovered, thirteen of which were identified in the topsoil from the test trenches. One was found in the sand subsoil, during hand cleaning. The flint artefacts are mostly broken struck flints, although some were obviously tools and may date to the late Mesolithic or early Neolithic. A number of linear features were also uncovered. ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2014. TOWN PARKS [BALLYCASTLE]: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 60m OD; CS 8; IG 8; D 1000 4100 This site, near Ballycastle, was reported by Waddell (1990) as being ‘a collared urn’ found in a cist, which contained cremated bones. A radiocarbon date of 3570±50 BP (2107-1754 cal. BC) GrA-14603 has been obtained from this burial (Brindley 2007, 141). This site has not been precisely located, but the urn is held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1898:78]. ANT [Not in SMR] Waddell 1990, 43; ApSimon 1969, 64; Brindley 2007, 141.

TOWN PARKS [BALLYMONEY]: FLINT FLAKE 62m OD; CS 17; IG 21; C 9632 2535+ A flint flake, measuring 5cm in length, was found at Glebeside by students of Ballymoney Secondary School. It is held within the school collection. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1964, 96-102. TOWN PARKS [BALLYMONEY]: BRONZE RAPIER & SWORD 62m OD; CS 17; IG 21; C 9632 2535+ A bronze rapier was reported to have been found here. It is now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. A bronze leaf-shaped sword was also found here. It was recorded in the Knowles Catalogue and is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

TOWN PARKS [BALLYMENA]: HAMMER STONE 50m OD; CS 32; IG 67; D 0100 0400+ A pebble hammer stone, measuring 6.9cm in length, 6.3cm in width and 3.8cm in thickness, with signs of abrasion, was found at Fair Hill. It was donated to Armagh County Museum [ACM 107-62]. ANT [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1975, 5-24.

TOWN PARKS [BALLYMONEY]: BRONZE CHISELS (2) 62m OD; CS 17; IG 21; C 9632 2535+ A bronze trunnion chisel was reported to have been found here. It is now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. A bronze socketed chisel was also found here. It is currently held at the British Museum in London. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

TOWN PARKS [BALLYMONEY]: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 17; IG 22; C 9632 2535 Topsoil stripping, north-east of a rath (ANT 017:004), revealed several potential archaeological features, along with sherds of Bronze Age pottery. Excavation uncovered two sub-circular gullies, a number of pits, post holes and stake holes, some within the gullies. A long curvilinear ditch, measuring c.51m in length, 1.46m in width and 0.42m in depth, curved around one of the gullies. Sherds of Bronze Age pottery were found in the fill of the ditch

TOWN PARKS [BALLYMONEY]: CAULDRON 62m OD; CS 17; IG 21; C 9632 2535+ This cauldron was reported to have been found in a bog, approximately three miles north of Ballymoney, at 122

INVENTORY TOWN PARKS [BALLYMONEY]: STONE AXE HEAD 62m OD; CS 17; IG 21; C 9632 2535+ A stone axe head was found here and was included in the Fawcett Collection. In 1966 it was purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A111.1966]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan et al. 1968, 33-52.

a depth of over six metres. It measured 48cm in height, 69cm in width and was constructed from sheet bronze. It is described as Projecting Bellied form (Waddell). These have similarities with cauldrons from Scotland and England and are thought to date to the early centuries AD. ANT [Not in SMR] Bigger 1903, 138-139; Waddell 1998, 325.

TRUMMERY: STONE POT 31m OD; CS 67; IG 164; J 1668 6119 This vessel, thought to date to the Bronze Age, was reported to have been found during the levelling of a rath. It was described as cut from hard sandstone, measuring 12cm in height and 18cm in diameter. Into the top was cut a cavity, 8cm in diameter and 15cm in depth. The only form of decoration was a series of bands on the exterior. Aerial photographs, taken in 1962, record the remains as a small circular enclosure, which had been truncated by a modern field boundary. It is situated in flat arable land, beside the River Lagan and survives as a ploughed-out domed area, measuring 25m in diameter and 0.3m above the level of the field. A ditch, measuring 6m in width and 0.2m in depth, encircles the site from north-east, through north to north-west. ANT 067:063 MacAdam 1861-1862, 236-238.

Figure 161: Town Parks [Ballymoney] Cauldron (Not in SMR) (after Waddell 1998, 324)

TULLAGHANS: STONE DISC 170m OD; CS 22; IG 32; D 9800 1900+ A disc of black stone, measuring 5.5cm in diameter, 1.7cm in thickness and with a flattened oval cross-section, was found here by students of Ballymoney Secondary School. It is held within the school collection. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1964, 96-102.

TOWN PARKS [BALLYMONEY]: HORSE TACK 62m OD; CS 17; IG 21; C 9632 2535+ A bronze horse bit was reported to have been found here. It was classified as Type D and has been attributed to the early Iron Age. It is currently held at the Hunterian Museum, University of Glasgow, in Scotland [B.1914.3223]. ANT [Not in SMR] Haworth 1971, 26-49.

TULLAGHGARLEY: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) 30m OD; CS 37; IG 67; D 0930 0150 The monitoring of topsoil removal, before the construction of a housing development at Tullaghgarley Road in Ballymena, revealed a series of pit clusters of Neolithic date. This was thought to be a ritual site. The main pit clusters formed an arc, which had an approximate radius of 5m and travelled through 180°. The pits ranged in size from 2m to 0.75m in diameter and had an average depth of c.1m. A series of smaller pits was found, scattered randomly around the larger clusters. The excavated evidence suggests that the larger pits functioned as post holes, while the inclusion of large quantities of pottery in the smaller features may suggest some form of ritual offering. The positioning of a large boulder, within the fills of one of the large clusters, appears to have been deliberate. There was no evidence of a cut for the boulder, suggesting it formed part of the fill. However, a significant proportion of the stone would have been visible above the original ground surface, suggesting that it may have acted as some form of marker stone. It is not clear, whether this stone marks the central position of the surrounding posts, contained within the cluster, or it forms a focal point for the ritualistic pottery deposition, within the features surrounding it.

TOWN PARKS [BALLYMONEY]: BRONZE AXE HEADS (5) 62m OD; CS 17; IG 21; C 9632 2535+ A bronze, flat axe head was reported to have been found at Ballymoney and donated to the Pitt-Rivers Museum in Oxford. A bronze palstave axe head was reported in the OS Memoirs to have been found here. It is held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. Three bronze socketed axe heads were also found here. One is now held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford, one at the British Museum in London and the location of the third is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. TOWN PARKS [BALLYMONEY]: FLINT ARROWHEAD 62m OD; CS 17; IG 21; C 9632 2535+ A flint, barbed and tanged arrowhead was found here. All the finds were included in the Fawcett Collection. In 1965 those finds were purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A144.1965]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1967, 21-40.

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THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND TURNAROBERT: STONE MOULD 110m OD; CS 13; IG 15; D 0700 3300+ A steatite stone mould, designed for casting socketed and looped spearheads, was reported to have been found at Armoy. It is currently held at the British Museum in London. ANT [Not in SMR] Hodges 1954, 76.

ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie 2000. TULLY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 20; IG 25; D 2300 2700 A miniature accessory cup, also known as a pygmy cup, ‘decorated like fenestrated cups’ (ApSimon), was reported to have been found here. It is now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1880:5]. ANT [Not in SMR] Abercromby 1912, 2; ApSimon 1969, 65.

UPPER BALLYSILLAN: ASSEMBLAGE 270m OD; CS 56; IG 129; J 3033 7819 In 1938, on the south-facing slope of Squire’s Hill, a porcellanite axe head, worked flint and Neolithic pottery were found. At another excavation in 2016, flint artefacts of early Neolithic date (4000-3500 BC) were recovered, as well as foundation cuts for possible structures. A sherd of Neolithic pottery was recovered here in 1943 in a bomb crater, which had probably been created during the Belfast Blitz of 1941. ANT 056:039 Evans 1938, 322; Evans 1943, 23; Jope et al. 1952, 31-60; Ó Baoill, 2016.

TULLY: BRONZE RAZOR 62m OD; CS 20; IG 25; D 2300 2700+ A bronze razor was reported to have been found here. It measured 5cm in length, 1.8cm in width, with a small pointed blade, central rib and two rivet holes. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 552.1924]. ANT [Not in SMR] Kavanagh 1991, 77-104.

UPPER BALLYSILLAN: FLINT FLAKE 270m OD; CS 56; IG 129; J 3000 7800+ A flint flake was reportedly found on Squire’s Hill. It measured 9.5cm in length and 3.8cm in width. It had secondary chipping around the edges and tapered to a point. It was donated to Armagh County Museum. ANT [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 26.

Figure 162: Tully Razor (Not in SMR) (after Kavanagh 1991, 89)

URBALREAGH: ASSEMBLAGE 92m OD; CS 6; IG 6; C 8981 3906 This ring barrow site was first uncovered by farm animal disturbance. Excavation revealed a pennanular ring barrow around three burials, which are grouped together at its centre. Burial 1, at approximately the centre, consisted of a fine cordoned urn inverted over the cremated remains of an adult male. The cremated remains also contained a bronze razor. Burial 2, immediately west of Burial 1, consisted of the base of another cordoned urn, containing the cremated remains of a child. Burial 3, 0.4m north of Burial 1, consisted only of the cremated remains of an adolescent. From the ring ditch, thirty-six sherds of pottery and 2.9kg of struck flint were recovered. The finds are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT 006:013 Waterman and Rees-Jones 1968, 25-32; Waddell 1990, 50; Kavanagh 1991, 77-104.

TULLY SOUTH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 185m OD; CS 18; IG 33; D 0907 2476 This was reported by O’Laverty, simply as urns found in a field, belonging to John McAleese. A local informant pointed out the field, in which he had heard urns were found many years ago, when the land was owned by Mr McAleese. It is at Drumkeel, on a steep west-facing slope of Mullaghmosagh. There are now no visible remains of any antiquity in this field of improved grassland, which has been enlarged by the removal of the northern field boundary. ANT 018:074 O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol. IV, 97.

VOW: FLINTS 30m OD; CS 21; IG 41; C 9153 1719 Two spreads of burnt mound material were uncovered, along the topsoil side of the spread for the North-West Gas Pipeline. Hand clearance showed that the two spreads had been covered by re-deposited subsoil and were the fills of two features. The larger feature was an oval or subrectangular cut, measuring 1.8m in length, 1.6m in width and 0.5m in depth. The other feature was a sub-circular cut, measuring 1.4m in diameter and 0.25m in depth.

TULLYGOWAN: BRONZE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 37; IG 67; D 0700 0000+ A bronze, flanged axe head was reported to have been found here. It is currently held at the Cambridge Museum of Archaeology in England. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

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INVENTORY Both were filled by black, silty clay, which contained sub-angular stones and also a considerable quantity of charcoal. Both features had been sealed by re-deposited grey/brown clay. Two struck flints were recovered from this field, close to the burnt mound. ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2004.

as cist burials of urns with bones, steel spearheads and flint arrowheads. There were also some burials, which may be later graves. The urns were ‘beautifully carved’ and some were glazed ‘ochre-ish yellow’, which may relate to later settlement in the area. The site is a flat field, located below Knockagh. There is nothing visible on the ground and no features showed up on aerial photographs of this site. An Irish Bowl from this site is held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1898.81]. A collection of miscellaneous sherds of prehistoric pottery, presented to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin by Hugh Kirk, was reported to have come from ‘an urnfield at Carrickfergus, Co. Antrim’ (Kavanagh 1976, 355). This is probably the site, where these finds came from. ANT 052:072 OS Memoir Carrickfergus, 1839, 14-17; O’Laverty 18781895, Vol. III, 75 and 76; ApSimon 1969, 59; Kavanagh 1975, 293-403.

VOW: BRONZE AXE HEAD 30m OD; CS 21; IG 41; C 9150 1700+ A bronze socketed axe head was reported to have been found here. It is now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. WEST DIVISION: FLINTS 215m OD; CS 52; IG 99; J 3616 8723 This Neolithic site, which had been identified through finds of flint, indicating large scale chipping and possible mining, cannot now be precisely located. The material found is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. An archaeological evaluation was carried out, on a development site in the vicinity of this lithic scatter. Four test trenches were excavated in 2004, revealing no artefacts or any features of archaeological significance. ANT 052:009

WEST DIVISION: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 317m OD; CS 52; IG 98; J 3455 8920 This site was investigated, prior to the construction of a wind farm, which consisted of six turbines. Area 6 contained the remains of a small ring barrow, measuring 3m in diameter internally. The ring barrow varied in width and depth, but measured approximately 0.4m in width and 0.3m in depth. At the centre, a single cremation was uncovered. Lying 12m to the west, two further cremations were found, located 1m apart. The smaller cremation had originally been placed within an upright urn, although truncation resulted in only the basal elements of this flat base vessel surviving. The second large cremation had been placed in a wide, though shallow, pit. A further cremation deposit was located 3m to the south. It was set within a sub-circular cut, which measured 0.85m north-west/south-east and from 0.2m-0.5m in depth. The cremation deposit consisted of frequent fragments of burnt bone, within dark grey black silty clay ANT [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2012.

*WEST DIVISION: COLLECTION 215m OD; CS 52; IG 99; J 3700 8746 Herity (1982) describes this site as Divis, but the map reference given is at Knockagh. It is one of a small group of earthworks, thought to be mound barrows on the Knockagh plateau. The site is referred to as the White Carn or The Knockagh, but there is no local knowledge of these terms. Its location was also given as ‘nr. Carrickfergus’ (Macauley), which would suggest that it is indeed Knockagh. A small collection of artefacts are held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 3245] and recorded as having been found here. The finds included a sherd of decorated Neolithic pottery, flint and porcellanite flakes, scrapers and arrowheads, a blue glass bead, a small stone whorl and a fragment of an iron sickle. O’Laverty (1884) also records the finding of Bronze Age urns here. ANT 052:038 Herity 1982, 247-404.

WEST DIVISION: ASSEMBLAGE 36m OD; CS 52; IG 98; J 3870 8679 Excavations began at the end of 2000 and finished in early 2001, when a circular enclosure, with internal dimensions of 21m north/south and 23m east-west, was investigated. The ditch measured 3m in width and almost 1.7m in depth. It had an entrance to the east. There were no visible remains of an internal bank, but the fill of the ditch contained large boulders along the base, with heavy, re-deposited subsoil. This would suggest that it had originally been stone revetted. Central to this enclosure, on the highest part of the spur, was a circular house, measuring 6.4m in internal diameter, with a surrounding slot trench. There was a break in the slot to the east, which has been interpreted as the entrance, although this was not exactly aligned with the gap in the ditch. Struck flint, flint scrapers and a polished porcellanite axe were recovered from the charcoal rich fill. There was no central post hole, although the depth

WEST DIVISION: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 52; IG 99; J 3877 8520 In 1932 this kitchen midden, which contained Mesolithic material, comprising worked/utilised flint artefacts, shellfish and food debris, was found on Greenisland. It appeared as a layer of dark coloured soil. There are now no visible remains of the midden. ANT 052:065 McMillan 1938, 226-227. WEST DIVISION: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 60m OD; CS 52; IG 98/114; J 3700 8600 This site is known as The Burial Ground and also Troopersland. This site was described in the OS Memoirs, 125

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND of the wall slots would suggest that the walls would have been structurally sound enough to bear the load of a roof. The house was divided internally by two linear slots, 2m and 1.4m in length, leaving a central break of 2.6m. Three equidistant stake holes spanned this gap. It is unlikely that this internal divide functioned as a weight-bearing structure. It most probably acted as a formal division of the sleeping area from the living area. Several other small, shallow features and stake holes were excavated in the house interior and, while their function is unclear, they may turn out to be either further sub-divisions of the house or a separate phase of activity. A curvilinear slot ran downslope from the south-eastern edge of the house slot and terminated some 5m away from it. This slot terminal ran in line with the internal division and also delineated an area of small charcoal rich pits and stake holes. This slot probably represents the footprint of a porch or extension to the house, enclosing a cooking area. It may have had a second purpose, as a run-off for rainwater from the roof of the house. Two other curvilinear slots were excavated, both much narrower and shallower than either the central house slot or the extension slot. These slots lay outside the central house, one to the south-east and one to the south-west and were both cut by the enclosing ditch. These may be the partial remains of an earlier phase of occupation. Most of the remainder of the features lay to the south-east, just inside the enclosing ditch, near to the entrance. Although their function is currently unclear, their location near the ditch causeway might suggest a defensive structure. ANT [Not in SMR] Bennett 2002, 8-9.

Figure 163: West Division Flints (Not in SMR) (after Robertson et al. 2010, 5-23) WEST DIVISION: POTTERY (UNCLASSIFIED) & FLINTS 20m OD; CS 52; IG 98; J 3840 8570 This site, referred to as Site 2, was discovered during a road improvement scheme on the A2 Shore Road, Greenisland. It was a silted palaeochannel, in which was found flint artefacts and five sherds of prehistoric coarse pottery. ANT [Not in SMR] Robertson et al. 2010, 5-23. WHAPPSTOWN: STONE AXE HEAD 215m OD; CS 38; IG 68; J 2197 9776 This site was in damp, rough grazing on the steep northfacing slope of Elliott’s Hill, in a stream which formed the townland and parish boundary. It stood 70m north of a similar findspot (Whappstown ANT 038:055). In 1968 the broken butt of a polished stone axe, measuring 5.1cm in length, 4.2cm in width and 2.7cm in thickness, was found by the current owner of the farm, while draining the stream. There are no visible remains of any antiquity at the site or in the immediate vicinity. The axe butt, which may be porcellanite, was retained by the finder. ANT 038:054

WEST DIVISION: STONE AXE HEAD 15m OD; CS 52; IG 98; J 3730 8450 Several areas of archaeological potential were uncovered and subsequently excavated, in advance of residential development. The excavation revealed a series of isolated or small, loose clusters of subsoil-cut features, which comprised seventeen pits, a large spread, a post hole, gully and trough. This represents a limited degree of probable prehistoric activity, as indicated by the polished stone axe and the presence of a trough, which is usually associated with a fulachta fiadh. ANT [Not in SMR] Bennett 2012, 18-19.

WHAPPSTOWN: STONE AXE HEADS (2) 215m OD; CS 38; IG 68; J 2198 9770 This site was in damp, rough grazing on the steep northfacing slope of Elliott’s Hill, in a stream which formed the townland and parish boundary. It stood 70m south of a similar findspot (ANT 038:054). One stone axe was found in the stream in 1968, during drainage operations by the current owner of the farm. There is no visible trace of any antiquity at the site or in the immediate vicinity. The axe, which measured 10.5cm in length, 4.4cm in width and 2cm in thickness, is made of a roughly flaked blade, with only the cutting edge polished. The landowner reported that his grandfather had found another polished stone axe head on this farm around 1850, but the exact findspot is unknown. ANT 038:055

WEST DIVISION: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 20m OD; CS 52; IG 98; J 3810 8550 This site, referred to as Site 1, was discovered during a road improvement scheme on the A2 Shore Road, Greenisland. It was a silted palaeochannel, in which was found a large assemblage of flint artefacts and several sherds of prehistoric pottery. Radiocarbon dates of the Bronze Age were obtained (1960-1750 cal. BC). ANT [Not in SMR] Robertson et al. 2010, 5-23.

WHAPPSTOWN: FLINT KNIFE 210m OD; CS 38; IG 68; J 2150 9770+ A flint, plano-convex knife was found here. It measured 5.3cm in length. It was donated to the Ulster Museum in 126

INVENTORY WHITE PARK: CLAY MOULD 5m OD; CS 3/4; IG 1/7; D 0200 4300+ This find consists of five fragments of a clay mould, designed for casting a socketed spearhead of pegged type, with a leaf-shaped blade. These fragments were reportedly found at Whitepark Bay. They are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [643-645.1930]. ANT [Not in SMR] Collins 1970, 23-36.

Belfast [810.1963]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan and Seaby 1965, 102-116. WHITE PARK: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 4; IG 1; D 0292 4468 This find has been classified as Neolithic in date. The site was in sand dunes, at the north-eastern end of White Park Bay, at the foot of a steep west-facing slope of a hill, which commands an extensive view over the bay. There are now no visible remains and the location is strewn with rubbish. Worked flint artefacts were found here in 1897. ANT 004:008 Welsh and Welsh 2014, 133.

WHITE PARK: CLAY MOULD 5m OD; CS 3/4; IG 1/7; D 0200 4300+ This find consists of four fragments of a clay mould, designed for casting swords. These were reportedly found at Whitepark Bay. They are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [643.30]. ANT [Not in SMR] Collins 1970, 23-36.

WHITE PARK: ASSEMBLAGE 15m OD; CS 4; IG 1/7; D 0206 4400 Excavation in 1897 revealed, what were interpreted as foundations of huts, extending for c.400m. The finds in this area included over five hundred flints, in various stages of manufacture and also numerous fragments of urns. A saddle quern, a rough-out porcellanite stone axe head and flakes of porcellanite were also found. The site is located in sand dunes and scrub, in the centre of White Park Bay, with good views north, east and west. There are now no visible remains of any Neolithic settlement site and the area is covered with gorse, ferns, grass and sand. The site was surveyed by the Ulster Archaeological Society in 2013, when it was proposed that the hut sites could be re-interpreted as mound barrows, while the settlement itself remains unlocated. ANT 004:009 OS Field Report No. 24; Knowles 1889-1901, 332; Windele 1911, 1-4; Jope et al. 1952; Connolly 1994, 33; Welsh and Welsh 2014, 133.

WHITE PARK: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC & BRONZE AGE) 5m OD; CS 3/4; IG 1/7; D 0100 4300 Many sherds of prehistoric pottery, including Beaker pottery, were found at White Park Bay. Some were donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [830-838.1963]. Several sherds were examined at the Geological Survey and it was thought it ‘highly probable that the pottery was made on the spot’ (Bigger and Seymour 1902). Knowles (1903) agreed with this and recorded that he had found fragments of rock in stream beds at Whitepark Bay, which were identical to inclusions in the pottery found there. Sherds of a pottery vessel, referred to as a drinking cup by Knowles, were found here and later reconstructed. It measured 14cm in height and 12cm in diameter at the rim. It was entirely undecorated. Sherds from two encrusted urns were found here and are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast (Kavanagh 1973, 531). Fragments of an Irish Bowl food vessel, decorated with comb-stamp ornament, were also found here. They were presented to the Presbyterian College in Belfast. Fragments of two other food vessels and a Neolithic pot were also found here and are now held in private ownership (Evans 1945, 23). ANT [Not in SMR] Bigger and Seymour 1902, 196; Knowles 1903, 43-44; Knowles 1909, 1-7; Evans 1945, 14-32; Flanagan 1965, 102116; ApSimon 1969, 59 & 61; Kavanagh 1973, 507-619.

WHITE PARK: STONE MOULD 15m OD; CS 3; IG 7; D 0150 4385 This was one part of a two-part mould, which was designed for casting on opposite faces of a palstave. It was made from fine-grained sandstone and was found ‘lying on surface of the summit of ridge between stone circle and the Causeway end. August 1898’. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [644.1930]. ANT [Not in SMR] Collins 1970, 23-36.

Figure 165: White Park Drinking Cup (Not in SMR) (after Knowles 1909, 3) Figure 164: White Park stone mould (Not in SMR) (after Collins 1970, 29) 127

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND WHITEHEAD: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 40m OD; CS 47; IG 99; J 4700 9200 There are no visible remains and the location of this site is imprecise. ANT 047:040 OS Memoir Templecorran, 1839 and 1972, 63; O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol. III, 92. WHITEHEAD: BRONZE AXE HEAD 15m OD; CS 47; IG 99; J 4700 9200+ A bronze palstave axe head was reported to have been found here. It formed part of the Hunt-Ball Collection in Limerick, but its current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

Figure 166: White Park Bowl (Not in SMR) (after Evans 1945, 24) WHITE PARK: FLINTS 5m OD; CS 3/4; IG 1; D 0100 4300+ One flint scraper and four end scrapers were found here. They formed part of the W.A. Green Collection. In 1959 they were purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast. Two flint scrapers and two flint flakes were found here and donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast in 1962. A further flake from the Fawcett Collection was purchased by the Ulster Museum in 1966 [A65.1966]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1960, 41-60 & 1964, 73-95; Flanagan et al. 1968, 33-52.

WOODVALE WARD: FLINT FLAKES 20m OD; CS 61; IG 130; J 3290 7445 A number of small flints were recovered in a pit, during building work at Percy Street Mill in 1946. Investigations suggested that these had fallen from closer to the surface into a previous excavation here. Their current location is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Evans 1950, 42-43.

NOTE – The following entries are for artefacts that do not have a precise location, but are simply provenanced to County Antrim. They are numbered here for ease of identification.

WHITE PARK: SILVER INGOT 5m OD; CS 3/4; IG 1/7; D 0100 4300 A silver ingot, measuring 8cm in length and 1.5cm in width, was found here by Professor Evans. He considered it to be similar to other Roman material. Its current whereabouts is unknown. ANT [Not in SMR] Evans 1945, 14-32.

1. UNKNOWN [ANT]: FLINT COLLECTION NPL In 1959 a number of flint artefacts were purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast, from the W.A. Green Collection. Items included three blades, four barbed and tanged arrowheads, four leaf-shaped arrowheads and four hollow-based arrowheads. ANT [Not in SMR Flanagan 1960, 41-60.

WHITEABBEY: DECORATED STONE 15m OD; CS 57; IG 114; J 3562 8185 On the shoreline at Whiteabbey, this site is in an outcrop of red sandstone, 10m north of the corner of the sea wall. There is a partially eroded, triple spiral decoration, which had been hammered or picked out on the north side of the outcrop. This appears to have been produced with a blunt instrument. An incised line, between two of the spirals, was markedly different in excecution and appeared very uneven in depth and width. It could have been scored by an anchor. Some graffiti, at the centre of one of the spirals, could also have been added at anytime. ANT 057:034

2. UNKNOWN [ANT]: FLINT HOARD NPL This hoard of eighty-nine flint artefacts is known as the Killybeg Hoard and forms part of the George Raphael Collection. It is on loan to the Ulster Museum in Belfast. The hoard comprised fourteen decortical flakes, three worked flakes, six end scrapers, sixty-five hollow scrapers and one mudstone axe head. The hoard is thought to have originated in mid-Antrim. ANT [Not in SMR] Woodman 1967, 8-14. 3. UNKNOWN [ANT]: FLINTS NPL Three flint flakes were reported to have been found at Rathlin Island. Two tapered to a point from the bulb of percussion, the first measuring 6.6cm in length and 2.8cm in width and the second measuring 6cm in length and 3.1cm in width. The third had a brown patination and measured 5cm in length and 3.8cm in width. They were

Plate 29: Whiteabbey Decorated Stone (ANT 057:034) 128

INVENTORY donated to Armagh County Museum. Five barbed and tanged arrowheads of flint were also found on Rathlin Island and donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [839843.1963]. A flint scraper was also reported found here and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 81.1963]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan and Seaby 1965, 102-116; Lucas 1968, 7-27; Weatherup 1978, 26.

240.1962]. There were four hollow-based arrowheads, two lozenge-shaped, two barbed and tanged, one tanged and one triangular. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1964, 73-95. 8. UNKNOWN [ANT]: FLINT KNIFE & ARROWHEAD NPL A flint knife was found in the River Bann and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 804.1960]. A flint leaf-shaped arrowhead was also found in the River Bann and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 253.1959]. ANT [Not in SMR] Lucas et al. 1961, 43-107; Prendergast and Lucas 1962, 139173.

4. UNKNOWN [ANT]: FLINTS NPL A flint end scraper from County Antrim was donated to Armagh County Museum. It was irregular in shape, measuring 5cm in length, 2.8cm in width and 0.9cm in thickness. A hollow scraper was also found. It measured 3.8cm in length and 4.1cm in width. Two flint blades, a flint flake and a barbed and tanged arrowhead were also found. A flint flake, which measured 6.3cm in length and 3.1cm in width, with secondary chipping around the edges, was found in the River Bann and presented to Armagh County Museum. ANT [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1975, 5-24; Weatherup 1978, 26 & 28.

9. UNKNOWN [ANT]: FLINT SCRAPER NPL A flint hollow scraper was reported to have been found at Omerbaun, but there is no townland of that name. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 591.1960]. ANT [Not in SMR] Prendergast and Lucas 1962, 139-173.

5. UNKNOWN [ANT]: FLINTS NPL Forty-one flint arrowheads were found here and they became part of the Fawcett Collection. They included ten leaf-shaped arrowheads, one tanged, three lozengeshaped, nine hollow-based, eleven barbed and tanged and seven petit tranchet derivative type. In 1965 they were purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast. Three further flint arrowheads, of the petit tranchet derivative type, were purchased in 1966. Also purchased in 1966 were three flint scrapers, one flint point, one knife, one flake and a Bann flake. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1967, 21-40; Flanagan et al. 1968, 33-52.

10. UNKNOWN [ANT]: ASSEMBLAGE NPL Two flint knives were reported to have been found at Braid, but there is no townland of this name. They were donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 799-800.1960]. Similarly, a Bann flake, a flint blade and a flint hollow scraper were reported to have been found at Three Towns Braid, but there is no townland of this name either. They were donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 788, 587 & 586.1960]. ANT [Not in SMR] Prendergast and Lucas 1962, 139-173. 11. UNKNOWN [ANT]: FLINT ARROWHEAD NPL A leaf-shaped flint arrowhead was reported to have been found at Cariff townland, but there is no townland of that name in County Antrim. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 645.1961]. ANT [Not in SMR] Prendergast and Lucas 1963, 115-133.

6. UNKNOWN [ANT]: FLINTS NPL A flint, petit tranchet derivative arrowhead, measuring 5.7cm in length, a leaf-shaped arrowhead, measuring 4.6cm in length and three worked flakes were found in the Braid Valley and donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [801, 808, 812, 817.1963]. A flint, hollow-based arrowhead, measuring 4cm in length, was found at Colin. There is no townland of this name. The arrowhead was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [770.1963]. Two flint hollow-based arrowheads, measuring 4.9cm and 3.5cm in length, were found at Carey Mountain. There is no townland of this name and the findspot could not be located. They were also donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [767, 769.1963]. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan and Seaby 1965, 102-116.

12. UNKNOWN [ANT]: FLINT FLAKES (15) NPL Fifteen flint flakes were reported to have been found in Island Magee townland, but this is a parish name, which contains many townlands. They were donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 180194.1962]. All showed signs of rolling and retouching. ANT [Not in SMR] Lucas 1964, 85-104. 13. UNKNOWN [ANT]: FLINT ARROWHEADS (4) NPL Three flint lozenge-shaped arrowheads were recovered in Ahoghill. This is not a townland, but a parish with several

7. UNKNOWN [ANT]: FLINT ARROWHEADS (11) NPL Ten flint arrowheads were found in County Antrim and donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [231-238, 129

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND 19. UNKNOWN [ANT]: STONE AXE HEAD NPL This is a portion of a polished stone axe head, which may also be part of a stone club, referred to as a Bann Club by Weatherup. It was found on the ‘Antrim/Derry border’ and was donated to the Armagh County Museum. It measured 25.4cm in length, with a truncated butt. Its width was 11.4cm and its thickness was 6.9cm. ANT [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 32.

townlands. The arrowheads were donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 434, 437, 442.1959]. A tanged arrowhead was also found and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 432.1959]. ANT [Not in SMR] Lucas et al. 1961, 43-107. 14. UNKNOWN [ANT]: FLINT ARROWHEAD NPL A flint lozenge-shaped arrowhead was reported to have been found at Glenravel, which is an area comprising many townlands. The arrowhead was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 299.1959] ANT [Not in SMR] Lucas et al. 1961, 43-107.

20. UNKNOWN [ANT]: STONE AXE HEAD NPL This is a portion of a polished stone axe head, identified as a ‘very compact greenish hornstone…with a porcellanized appearance’ and sourced to Great Langdale in Cumbria (Jope and Preston 1953, 35). These axe heads are sometimes referred to as Cumberland Axes. The axe head had been modified in antiquity, presumably after it had been broken and its provenance to County Antrim is thought to be evidence of trade between Ireland and Britain in the Neolithic period. It is currently held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [AM 1898.1886]. ANT [Not in SMR] Jope and Preston 1953, 31-36.

15. UNKNOWN [ANT]: STONE AXE HEAD NPL A stone axe head was reported to have been found at Glendun. This is not a townland name, but an area that contains many townlands. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Mahr 1930, 73-78. 16. UNKNOWN [ANT]: STONE AXE HEADS (14) NPL Two stone axe heads, one of which was partially polished, were found in County Antrim. They were donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [227-228.1962]. They measured 10.6cm and 14.4cm in length. In 1966 twelve further stone axe heads were donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1964, 73-95; Flanagan et al. 1968, 33-52.

21. UNKNOWN [ANT]: STONE BATTLE AXE HEADS (2) NPL Two stone battle axe heads were recovered from the River Bann and classified as of the Late or Bann Series by Derek Simpson. One is currently held at the Kelvingrove Museum in Glasgow, in Scotland [KM 02-114n] and the other at the Department of Archaeology, University College Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Simpson 1990, 26, 35 & 36.

17. UNKNOWN [ANT]: STONE AXE HEAD NPL This is a flaked, porcellanite stone axe head, which was reported to have been found on the coast of County Antrim. It measured 16cm in length, 5.7cm in width and its thickness was 3.2cm. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 108.1965]. ANT [Not in SMR] Lucas 1968, 93-159. 18. UNKNOWN [ANT]: ASSEMBLAGE NPL Two polished stone axe heads were found in County Antrim and donated to Armagh County Museum [ACM 98 & 102-62]. A dolerite battle axe head was also recovered from County Antrim and attributed to the Early Series (early Bronze Age) by Derek Simpson. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 4-5]. A hammer stone, which measured 8.8cm in length, 6.9cm in width and 4.4cm in thickness, was also found in County Antrim. It had a shallow depression on each side. It was donated to Armagh County Museum [ACM 105-62]. ANT [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1975, 5-24; Simpson 1990, 32.

Figure 167: Battle Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Simpson 1990, 26) 22. UNKNOWN [ANT]: STONE BATTLE AXE HEAD NPL This stone battle axe head was recovered from the River Bann and classified as of the Intermediate Series by Derek Simpson. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1938:8515]. ANT [Not in SMR] Simpson 1990, 38.

130

INVENTORY 25. UNKNOWN [ANT]: STONE MOULD NPL A steatite mould, designed for casting palstave axe heads, was reported to have been recovered from the River Bann. It is currently held at the British Museum in London [78/1-25/1]. ANT [Not in SMR] Hodges 1954, 77. 26. UNKNOWN [ANT]: STONE MOULD NPL; CS 18; IG 23/33; NPL This was a large sandstone block, with mould matrices on three faces. These comprised four moulds for narrowbutted axe heads, with expanded cutting edges and two for ingots. It was reportedly found at Lough Gall. This is probably Loughguile, which is a parish containing sixty-one townlands. The mould is now in the Pitt-Rivers Museum in Dorset, in England. ANT [Not in SMR] Collins 1970, 23-36.

Figure 168: Battle Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Simpson 1990, 35) 23. UNKNOWN [ANT]: STONE BATTLE AXE HEAD NPL This stone battle axe head was recovered from the River Bann. It is currently held at Ballymoney Town Hall in County Antrim. ANT [Not in SMR] Simpson 1990, 38.

Figure 169: Unknown (ANT) Battle Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Simpson 1990, 30) 24. UNKNOWN [ANT]: STONE BATTLE AXE HEAD NPL A stone battle axe head was reported to have been found ‘along with some other antiquities’ in the bed of the River Bann. It weighed 0.9kg and was thought to be of ‘porphyritic greenstone’. ANT [Not in SMR] MacAdam 1855, 234-235.

Figure 170: Unknown (ANT) Stone Mould (Not in SMR) (after Collins 1970, 26) 27. UNKNOWN [ANT]: COLLECTION A collection of prehistoric, bronze artefacts is held by Ballymoney Town Council. Nothing is known concerning their acquisition or provenance, but they are thought to

Plate 30: Unknown (ANT) Battle Axe Head (after MacAdam 1855, 234) 131

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND be from north Antrim and possibly part of a hoard. The collection includes nine flat axe heads, one knife, two socketed axe heads, two dirks, three swords, one flanged axe head, one spearhead and five hollow-cast rings. ANT [Not in SMR] Ramsey and Simpson 1990, 3-7.

in London [BM 76, 8-5]. ANT [Not in SMR] ApSimon 1969, 63. 31. UNKNOWN [ANT]: BRONZE AXE HEAD NPL This bronze trunnion axe head was reported to have been found in County Antrim. It is held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Hodges 1956, 29-56. 32. UNKNOWN [ANT]: BRONZE AXE HEAD NPL A bronze, socketed axe head was reported to have been found in the River Bann and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 121.1959]. It measured 10.8cm in length, 8cm in width and had an oval-shaped socket. ANT [Not in SMR] Lucas et al. 1961, 43-107. 33. UNKNOWN [ANT]: BRONZE AXE HEAD NPL; CS 46; NPL A bronze, decorated flanged axe head was reported to have been found at Brae Farm, Carrickfergus. It is currently held at the British Museum in London. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. 34. UNKNOWN [ANT]: HORSE TACK NPL; CS 7; IG 13; NPL A bronze Y-shaped pendant was reported to have been found in County Antrim. It was thought to form part of horse tack and dated to the early Iron Age, classified as Type II. It is currently held at the British Museum in London [BM 1921.12-6.36]. ANT [Not in SMR] Haworth 1971, 26-49.

Figure 171: Unknown (ANT) Collection (Not in SMR) (after Ramsey and Simpson 1990, 5) 28. UNKNOWN [ANT]: COPPER AXE HEAD NPL; CS 37; IG 67; NPL A copper flat axe head was reported to have been found in Ahoghill. This is not a townland, but a parish with several townlands. It formed part of the Keiller-Knowles Collection and is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

35. UNKNOWN [ANT]: HORSE TACK NPL A bronze, Y-shaped pendant, of Type 1I, thought to be part of horse tack and dating to the early Iron Age, was reported to have been found at Glenatrace. There is no townland of this name, although it may be Clonetrace, an area near Broughshane. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 532.1924]. ANT [Not in SMR] Haworth 1971, 26-49.

29. UNKNOWN [ANT]: BRONZE CHISEL NPL A bronze trunnion chisel was reported to have been found at Cushendun, but the OS County Series map reference given (20) refers more to Cushendall. It was recorded in the Knowles Catalogue and is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ANT [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119.

36. UNKNOWN [ANT]: HORSE TACK NPL This find is not precisely provenanced, but is thought to be from County Antrim. This is a bronze terret, a guide for the reins of a cart or chariot, which was probably attached to some form of yoke. It is similar to types found in southern Scotland and thought to date to the second century AD. ANT [Not in SMR] Waddell 1998, 301-302.

30. UNKNOWN [ANT]: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) NPL ApSimon (1969) reported the finding of a Vase Urn in County Antrim. It is currently held at the British Museum 132

INVENTORY 37. UNKNOWN [ANT]: BRONZE AXE HEAD NPL A bronze socketed axe head was found ‘on the Antrim/ Derry border’. The socket was oval-shaped and looped. It measured 9.2cm in length and 4.7cm in width at the blade. It was donated to Armagh County Museum. ANT [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 38.

Flanagan 1967, 21-40. 42. UNKNOWN [ANT]: HORSE TACK NPL An ‘unenamalled bronze terret’, a guide for the reins of a cart or chariot, which was probably attached to some form of yoke. It was reported to have been found in County Antrim, but its current location is unknown. It has been attributed to the Iron Age. Similar to types have been found in southern Scotland. ANT [Not in SMR] Jope 1950, 57-60; Waddell 1998, 301-302.

38. UNKNOWN [ANT]: BRONZE AXE HEAD NPL A bronze three-ribbed axe head was reported to have been found in County Antrim. It was attributed to the late Bronze Age and is held at the St Albans Museum in England. ANT [Not in SMR] Hodges 1956, 29-56. 39. UNKNOWN [ANT]: BRONZE AXE HEAD NPL This bronze palstave axe head is held at the Geography department of QUB, with a label attached that records Loughguile, near Ballymena. Its flanges are decorated with chevrons. ANT (Not in SMR) Evans 1943, 106-107.

Figure 173: Unknown (ANT) Terret (Not in SMR) (after Jope 1950, 57) 43. UNKNOWN [ANT]: STONE AXE HEAD COLLECTION NPL This is a collection of five polished stone axe heads, reported to have been found on the ‘Antrim/Derry border’ and donated to the Armagh County Museum. They range in size from 15.5cm to 9.5cm in length. ANT [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 32. 44. UNKNOWN [ANT]: STONE AXE HEAD NPL A porcellanite axe head was reported to have been found at Loughguile. This is a parish, which contains many townlands. The axe head is held in private ownership. ANT [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-60.

Figure 172: Unknown (ANT) Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Evans 1943, 107)

COUNTY ARMAGH

40. UNKNOWN [ANT]: BRONZE PIN NPL A disc-headed pin, dated to the late Bronze Age, was reported to have been found here. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [1924/562]. ANT [Not in SMR] Hodges 1956, 29-56.

ALTNAMACKAN: BRONZE HALBERD 80m OD; CS 24; IG 269; H 9000 2500+ This halberd was discovered, during road works in October 1963. A portion of the shaft was still attached to the blade, when it was found, but disintegrated almost immediately. The badly damaged blade measured 28.5cm in length. This artefact would fit into Ó Riordaín’s Type 6 classification (1937). It was presented to Armagh County Museum. ARM [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1966, 95-96.

41. UNKNOWN [ANT]: BRONZE SPEARHEAD NPL A small lozenge-shaped socketed and looped spearhead, measuring 11.1cm in length, was found in County Antrim. It became part of the Fawcett Collection. In 1965 it was purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A198.1965]. ANT [Not in SMR] 133

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND of late Neolithic pottery, flint tools and cremated human bone were found. These artefacts are currently held at Armagh County Museum, HED and the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ARM 027:007 Chart 1940, 75; Waterman 1965, 3-46; Neill 2009, 95-98. ANNAHAIA: FLINTS 150m OD; CS 29; IG 266; J 0400 1950 A flint leaf-shaped arrowhead was recovered at Hawthorn Hill, during farming operations. It measured 3.8cm in length and 1.9cm in width. A flint flake, with secondary chipping around the edges, was also found. They were presented to Armagh County Museum by Mr Chambre. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 28. ANNALOIST: COLLECTION 10m OD; CS 6; IG 163; J 0440 6110 A collection of flint artefacts from Oxford Island, Lough Neagh, formed part of the R.C. Davidson Collection, which is now held at Armagh County Museum [183188.61]. The collection included flint flakes and also implements. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1975, 5-24. Plate 31: Altnamackan Halberd (Not in SMR) (after Flanagan 1966, Plate XV)

ARDRESS EAST: FLINT JAVELIN HEAD 30m OD; CS 4/8; IG 199; H 9150 5630+ A flint javelin head was reported to have been found at Ardress. As there are two townlands here, Ardress East and Ardress, the findspot could be in either. The javelin head measured 6.6cm in length, with a maximum width of 2.5cm. It was donated to Armagh County Museum. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 29.

ALTNAVEIGH: POTTERY (UNCLASSIFIED) 100m OD; CS 26; IG 256; J 0705 2605 This site of eight fulachtaí fia, was uncovered during topsoil monitoring, in advance of the construction of a new bypass around Newry. This site comprised sixteen areas of potential archaeological remains, which were noted and fenced off, during monitoring. Upon excavation, only five of these were shown to contain genuine archaeological remains. These included a pit with a charcoal rich fill; a spread of burnt mound material and two underlying pits; a pit, a stake hole and a linear ditch, from which a piece of prehistoric pottery was recovered; a linear ditch, three pits and two charcoal rich spreads, two stake holes and a pit, located next to a probable palaeochannel. ARM [Not in SMR] Bennett 2011, 28-29.

ARMAGH: FLINT ARROWHEAD 40m OD; CS 12; IG 218; H 8700 4500+ A flint, hollow-based arrowhead was reported to have been found here and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 810.1961]. ARM [Not in SMR] Prendergast and Lucas 1963, 115-133. ARMAGH: BRONZE KNIFE 40m OD; CS 12; IG 218; H 8700 4500+ A bronze, socketed knife was found in Armagh. It was attributed to the Kells Type, which dates to the late Bronze Age. It is currently held at Armagh County Museum [1935.98]. ARM [Not in SMR] Hodges 1956, 29-56; Weatherup 1982, 51-71.

**ANNAGHMARE: ASSEMBLAGE 123m OD; CS 27; IG 274; H 9049 1782 This is a well preserved court tomb, also known as the Black Castle, which was excavated in 1963-1964. The enclosing cairn is trapezoidal in plan, measuring 20m in length and 11.75m in width at the south, narrowing to 6.5m across north. The sides are defined by a revetment of orthostats, with dry-stone walling in between. The horse-shoe forecourt is defined by a façade of orthostats. Two portal stones mark the entrance to the gallery, which measured 7m in length. It is divided into three chambers, by pairs of jamb stones. A large assemblage 134

INVENTORY ARMAGH: BRONZE SWORD 40m OD; CS 12; IG 218; H 8700 4500+ A bronze sword (unclassified) was found ‘near Armagh’. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ARM [Not in SMR] Eoghan 1965, 163-164, No. 622; Neill 2009, 595. Figure 174: Armagh Socketed Knife (Not in SMR) (after Weatherup 1982, 54)

AUGHNACLOY: BRONZE SICKLE 30m OD; CS 8; IG 199; H 8800 5000+ A bronze, socketed sickle was found here. It became part of the Tennyson Collection. It measured 17.1cm in length, with a vertical socket 3.8cm in length and an oval socket 2.8cm by 2.2cm. It was pierced by a rivet hole. It was purchased by Armagh County Museum [ACM 107-35]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1982, 51-71.

ARMAGH: COPPER HALBERD 40m OD; CS 12; IG 218; H 8700 4500+ A copper halberd was found in Armagh and formed part of the Tennyson Collection. It measured 34.9cm in length, tapering from 10.1cm to 1.9cm in width, with three rivet holes at the butt and a raised ridge in the centre. It is currently held at Armagh County Museum [65-35]. ARM [Not in SMR] Hodges 1956, 29-56; Weatherup 1982, 51-71.

Figure 176: Aughnacloy Sickle (Not in SMR) (after Weatherup 1982, 54) AUGHNAGURGAN: HAMMER STONE 220m OD; CS 24; IG 264; H 8700 3000+ A pebble hammer stone, measuring 7.1cm in length, 6.3cm in width and 2.5cm in thickness, with a 2.5cm hole drilled through it, was found here. It became part of the Tennyson Collection. It is now held at Armagh County Museum [ACM 210-35]. ANT [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1982, 51-71. **BALLARD: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 538m OD; CS 28; IG 275; J 0210 2113 This burial cairn, also known as North Cairn, is also located in Slieve Gullion townland. The cairn measures c.15.4m in diameter and lies on the summit of Slieve Gullion. At its centre, the cairn stood 2.8m in height. There was no kerb, although a rough equivalent had been made by jamming cairn stones on edge and on end, into holes and fissures into the underlying bedrock. A little south of the centre, a stone cist was found, but it was empty when discovered. East of this, near the cairn edge was another cist of rougher construction, packed with stones. Beneath these stones many small sherds of a Bowl Food Vessel, containing fragments of burnt human bone, were found. ARM 028:006 Chart 1940, 77; Collins and Wilson 1963, 19-40; Smith and Pilcher 1972, 17-21; Waddell 1990, 50-51.

Figure 175: Armagh Copper Halberd (Not in SMR) (after Weatherup 1982, 54)

ARMAGH: STONE AXE HEAD 40m OD; CS 12; IG 218; H 8700 4500+ A stone axe head, measuring 15.5cm in length, 6.9cm in width and 3.8cm in thickness, was found, while digging house foundations at Lisanally Lane in Armagh It was donated to Armagh County Museum [ACM 98-71]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1975, 5-24.

BALLINLISS: BRONZE SPEARHEAD & AXE HEAD 185m OD; CS 26/29; IG 266; J 0500 2400+ A kite-shaped spearhead and a socketed axe head were reported to be found here. They are currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1941/332333]. ARM [Not in SMR] Morris 1940, 94; Hodges 1957, 51-63. 135

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND BALLINTAGGART: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) & FLINTS 31m OD; CS 9; IG 200; H 9742 5213 The site of a court tomb was excavated in 1966, due to the threat from a quarry. The monument was re-erected in Botanic Gardens, outside the Ulster Museum in Belfast. It measured almost 13m east-west and 6m north-south. The forecourt at the eastern end was unusually narrow, defined by a façade of four well matched uprights c.1.3m in height. It was divided into four chambers, by jamb and sill stones. Earlier ‘excavations’ had disturbed most of the site, but in the third chamber, a cache of about one hundred flint flakes and sherds of Neolithic pottery were found. Many white quartz stones were also discovered. ARM 009:006 Lett 1884, 431; Chart 1940, 63; De Valera 1960, 124; Flanagan 1966.

Tyross. The principal monument here is a ritual lake (Loughnashade, or Lake of the Treasure). During the late eighteenth century, workmen were digging drains near to the lake, when they discovered four large bronze horns. They were decorated in traditional Celtic style and have been dated to the first century BC. ARM 012:034 Browne and Young 1802; Raftery 1983, 230-240; Mallory 1986 and 1987, 14; Raftery 1987, 21-24; Warner 1986, 6 and 1988, 36; Weir 1987, 25-28; Mallory and McNeill 1991, 148149.

Plate 33: Ballybrolly [Loughnashade] Votive Site (ARM 012:034)

Plate 32: Bowls from Ballintaggart Court Tomb (ARM 009:006)

**BALLYKEEL: ASSEMBLAGE 90m OD; CS 28; IG 275; H 9950 2132 These artefacts were recovered from an excavation at a portal tomb, which is known as Ballykeel Dolmen or ‘the Hag’s Chair’. This is a tripod portal tomb, at the southern end of a long cairn, with a cist burial towards the northern end. The site was excavated in 1963 and is now in State Care. The cist measured 0.9m square and 0.75m in depth. It contained a few sherds of Neolithic pottery, a javelin head and a flint flake. Any burials, in either the portal tomb or the cist, were probably destroyed by the acidity of the soil. The chamber of the portal tomb contained three finely worked and highly decorated ‘Ballyalton’ bowls. A small area, measuring 0.46m in length and 0.4m in width, was excavated south-west of the tomb, prior to the erection of an information board. Nothing of archaeological significance was encountered (CAF, 24 August 2004). ARM 028:020 Borlase 1897, Vol.1, 303; Chart 1940, 76; Collins 1965, 4770.

BALLINTEMPLE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 200m OD; CS 21; IG 251; H 9600 3000 This site is also in Knockavannon townland. The discovery of a burial cairn was reported in the Belfast Mercury on July 29th 1785. It was described as ‘an ancient sepulchre… contained 3 tombs each c.3ft [0.9m] long, 20” [0.5m] broad and about the same in depth…each covered with single stone of c.2 tons weight, the whole covered with a large cairn of stones.’ One of the ‘tombs’ contained only ashes, the other two held decorated urns. Lewis also described the opening of a cairn, but this may refer to a different site. Neither the site nor the urns can now be located. ARM 021:046 Lewis 1837, Vol. 1, 155. BALLINTEMPLE: CLOTHING AND WOODEN STAKES 200m OD; CS 25; IG 264/265; H 9400 2800 Paterson (1929) reported that in a bog about 1914, ‘about 15 turf deep a number of posts around which was a quantity of loose stones or coarse gravel with a good deal of charred wood’. He also records ‘a coat or jacket of a very peculiar cloth and leather footwear of a shoe type’. The depth, at which these items were found, suggests some antiquity. ARM 025:024 Paterson Ms 135.

BALLYKNOCK: STONE BALL 62m OD; CS 14; IG 219; J 0229 4726 This stone ball was found under an enclosure (ARM 014:012). The description in the SMR reads: ‘Here in the sand in a sort of chamber was found many bones and at least one skull, also a curious stone about the size of a cannonball. All were found together about 9ft [2.75m] below the surface.’ ARM 014:020

BALLYBROLLY: BRONZE HORNS (4) 31m OD; CS 12; IG 218; H 8518 4540 This site is known as Loughnashade and is also in the townlands of Drumcoote, Navan, Tullyargle and 136

INVENTORY BALLYMACANAB: BRONZE SWORD 150m OD; CS 16; IG 235; H 8900 3700+ A bronze sword, of Class 4 type, was found at Tynan Demesne. It is currently held in private ownership. ARM [Not in SMR] Eoghan 1965, 43, No. 90; Neill 2009, 595.

BALLYNAGOWAN: LOGBOATS (3) 10m OD; CS 9; IG 181; J 0150 5570 There are three fragments of logboats, found during dredging on the west bank of the Upper Bann River, north of Portadown. One fragment measured 1.57m in length, with a floor rising to one original extremity. A radiocarbon date of 3620-3340 BC was obtained from this fragment. The two other fragments are approximately 1.27m of floor, one with a possible foot-rest. The three fragments may represent three separate vessels. They are held at the Palaeoecology department QUB. ARM [Not in SMR] Fry 2000, 106.

**BALLYMACDERMOT: ASSEMBLAGE 185m OD; CS 26; IG 266; J 0656 2402 This court tomb is set on the south slopes of Ballymacdermot Mountain, with magnificent views over the Meigh plain to Slieve Gullion. This is a trapezoidal court tomb, which measured 28.3m in length and 9m in width at the narrow end. Excavation in 1962 showed a three-segment gallery, opening on to an almost enclosed fore-court. The sides are revetted by a kerb of stones. To the north, the cairn material rises to 2m in height and the sides widen out to embrace the forecourt, which measures 6.2m in width and faces the north-north-west. This is defined by a façade of orthostats, measuring from 0.8m to 1.75m in height. In the centre, two portal stones mark the entrance to the gallery, which measured 7m in length and is divided by pairs of jamb stones. A radiocarbon date of 3360±60 (1870-1500 cal. BC) (UB-207) was obtained from this site, probably representing re-use in the Bronze Age. A large assemblage of pottery and flint tools was recovered and is currently held by HED. ARM 026:015 Bell 1816, 235; Stuart 1819, 610; Anon. (probably Murray) 1933; Chart 1940, 74; Collins and Wilson 1964, 3-22; Herity 1987, 158.

BALLYNAHONE BEG: STONE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 12; IG 218; H 8650 4300+ This polished stone axe head measured 13cm in length and 6.9cm in width. It was presented to Armagh County Museum by Mr Davidson of Armagh [ACM 39-56]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 32. BALLYREA: FLINTS 62m OD; CS 12; IG 218; H 8442 4469 This site has been classified as prehistoric and is now covered by the Navan Centre and car park. It was excavated by QUB in 1991, when very little evidence was recovered, although finds did include a few worked flints. Further excavations were carried out in 1992. This revealed a curvilinear ditch, ranging from1.2m to 2.44m in depth. Charcoal from the ditch was radiocarbon dated to AD 679-881. It also contained souterrain ware. A burial overlay the ditch, containing the skeleton of a ten year old child, which was dated to 1478-1651AD. ARM 012:088 Lynn 1991, 41-42. Bourke 1992; Mallory et al. 1992; Crothers 1993. BLACKWATERTOWN OR LISBOFIN: BRONZE AXE HEAD 20m OD; CS 8; IG 199; H 8409 7524 A Bronze Age socketed axe was found in a field, close to the eastern bank of the River Blackwater, by a metal detectorist. It measured 7.5cm in length and 6.6cm in width. It was brought to the Ulster Museum in Belfast for identification. It is considered likely to have been deposited in the field, following the dredging of the river. ARM 008:052

Plate 34: Ballymacdermot Court Tomb (ARM 026:015) BALLYMORE: POTTERY (UNCLASSIFIED) 23m OD; CS 14; IG 220; J 0417 4851 This midden site was uncovered, during the construction of a gas pipeline in June 2010. Two areas of archaeology were investigated. The first of these consisted of a large hour-glass-shaped feature, which measured 3.5m in length, 1m in width and 0.4m in depth. This feature contained multiple sherds of prehistoric pottery and may be the remains of a storage/refuse pit. Approximately 50m to the west, lay three sub-rectangular features, measuring between 0.5m and 1m in length and between 0.3m and 0.6m in width, with an average depth of 0.2m. No finds were retrieved from these features. ARM [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2010.

BOROUGH OF CHARLEMONT: BRONZE AXE HEAD 22m OD; CS 4; IG 161; H 8560 5640 A bronze socketed axe head was recovered here, following dredging operations in the River Blackwater. It was looped, with sides expanding evenly to a splayed cutting edge. A hard deposit in the interior may be the remnants of the shaft. It measured 8.22cm in length and 4.85cm in width. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A2177]. ARM [Not in SMR] Ramsey et al. 1991-1992, 138-149.

137

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND CAVANAKILL: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 277m OD; CS 25; IG 265; H 9622 2802 This is also known as Cairn Hill and Carn Hill. In his notes, Paterson records the site of a cairn in this townland as ‘on the east side of the hill known as the Cairn Hill…The cairn was still intact when the King family first possessed the farm, but encouraged by the Synott family they removed it. Several urns were found.’ Neither the site nor the pottery can now be located. ARM 025:012 Paterson Ms 135; Waddell 1990, 50.

CLADY BEG: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 307m OD; CS 21; IG 250/251; H 9340 3210 Paterson recorded that ‘the Green Height’ in this townland was reputedly the site of a cairn, which had been removed by the Synott family, when building Ballymoyer House. There was also a tradition that a line (or lines) of boulders ran north-west/south-east south of the cairn and these were removed at the same time. The cairn site cannot now be located, but it probably stood on or near the summit of ‘Carn Hill’ at the grid reference given. Bonfires were apparently lit at the cairn on mid-summer’s eve until c.1880. This is probably the site referred to by Waddell (1990) as Ballymoyer, which was said to have contained ‘two urns of elegant form and workmanship containing ashes’. ARM 021:041 Lewis 1837, Vol. 1, 147; Waddell 1990, 50.

CAVANAKILL: BRONZE AXE HEAD 270m OD; CS 25; IG 265; H 9600 2800+ This palstave, with a portion missing, measured 12.3cm in length, 6.6cm in width and 2.2cm in thickness. It was found by Mr J. O’Hare. It was donated to Armagh County Museum by Mr P.G. Johnston of Kilmore [ACM 320-35]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 37.

*CLANROLLA: FLINT FLAKES 30m OD; CS 3; IG 163; J 0744 6266 A flint flake was recovered from Clanrolla Mound, on the shore of Lough Neagh, close to Lurgan Waterworks. It was found in 1929-1930 within a layer, which is known locally as the Black Seam, visible on the laneway to the site. Charred wood, bones, pottery and flints have been found in the layer. The flake was donated to Armagh County Museum. ARM 003:001 Weatherup 1978, 27.

Figure 177: Cavanakill Palstave (Not in SMR) (after Weatherup 1978, 36)

CLANROLLA: COLLECTION 10m OD; CS 6; IG 163; J 0790 6270 A collection of flint artefacts from Ellis’s Cut, Lough Neagh, formed part of the R.C. Davidson Collection, which is now held at Armagh County Museum [171-182.61]. The collection includes flint flakes and blades. Another flint flake was found previously at this site and is also held at Armagh County Museum [155-60]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1975, 5-24.

CAVANAKILL: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 270m OD; CS 25; IG 265; H 9600 2800+ This bronze socketed spearhead measured 16.8cm in length and 1.9cm in diameter. Loops were present below the blade. It was found by Mr J. O’Hare, when cutting turf. It was donated to Armagh County Museum by Mr P.G. Johnston of Kilmore [ACM 319-35]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 38.

CLARE: BRONZE PINS (2) 40m OD; CS 13; IG 219; J 0200 4403 Two small bronze pins ‘of the sandhill type’ were reported to have been found at a weir on the Cusher River, close to the village of Clare. They measured 3cm and 2.5cm in length. Both had rounded heads and were in a good state of preservation. ARM [Not in SMR] Paterson 1946, 45-52.

Figure 178: Cavanakill Spearhead (Not in SMR) (after Weatherup 1978, 36)

***CLONLUM: POTTERY (UNCLASSIFIED) & STONE BEADS 120m OD; CS 29; IG 276; J 0461 2063 This is the site of a portal tomb and burial cairn, also known as South Cairn. A small, closed megalithic chamber is set almost centrally, within a somewhat irregular cairn. Excavations in 1934 showed that the stones stood 1.3m in height. The layers, within the chamber, had been disturbed. Only two sherds of pottery, one bearing square-toothed comb impressions and a small polished perforated stone bead were found. A capstone covered the chamber. 138

INVENTORY ARM 029:005 Lett 1884, 431; Davies and Evans 1934, 165-168; Chart 1940. 78; Ó Nualláin 1983, 90.

of cremated human bone and some sherds of Western Neolithic pottery were found. The finds are currently held at Armagh County Museum. ARM 029:012 Paterson Ms 135; Paterson and Davies 1939, 55-60; Chart 1940, 78 and Pl.60.

***CLONTYGORA: ASSEMBLAGE 154m OD; CS 29; IG 276; J 0987 1945 This site is a court tomb, which is known locally as the King’s Ring and also The Long Cairn. This is a long cairn, with a segmented gallery and a deep U-shaped forecourt. The gallery was segmented into three chambers. Finds included sherds of decorated and plain ware, worked flint and cremated human bone. The finds are currently held at Armagh County Museum. ARM 029:011 Borlase 1897, Vol.1, 304; Hall 1904, 71-73; Davies and Paterson 1937, 20-42; Chart 1940, 78.

*CONEY ISLAND: ASSEMBLAGE 30m OD; CS 2; IG 162; H 9384 6409 Excavations between 1962 and 1964 indicated that habitation of Coney Island had continued throughout the prehistoric period, from Mesolithic to the Iron Age. It is also possible that early medieval activity was evident, with an Anglo-Norman motte and sixteenth century defences, which included a circular tower. The remains of two prehistoric huts were found. The motte measured c.5m in height, with a diameter of 21m at the base and 7.3m at the top. It is surrounded by a shallow ditch. The tower had an external diameter of 9.45m, with walls c.2m in thickness. Traces of a ditch, with an earthen rampart, were also found. Prehistoric artefacts included pottery and flint tools. ARM 002:002 OS Memoir Tartarghan 1835, 5; Lett 1884, 433; Chart 1940, 61; Hayes McCoy 1964, 30; Addyman 1965, 78-101; Evans 1966, 57-58; Woodman 1978, 255-256; Neill 2009, 89-90.

Plate 35: Coney Island Habitation Site (ARM 002:002) COPNEY: FLINT FLAKE 20m OD; CS 4; IG 180; H 8850 5850+ A flint flake, measuring 11.7cm in length and 5.4cm in width, was found here. It was found at a depth of 3.7m below the surface of a bog. It was donated to Armagh County Museum [5-71]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1975, 5-24.

Figure 179: Clontygora Assemblage (ARM 029:011) (after Herity 1987, 256) *CLONTYGORA: ASSEMBLAGE 175m OD; CS 29; IG 276; J 0979 1975 This is a megalithic tomb, also known as The Small Cairn. The site comprised a single chamber, measuring 2.3m in length and 1.75m in width. Two matching portal stones, standing 1m tall, marked an entrance at the north-east. The sides were formed of single stone slabs, which stood approximately 0.71m in height. At the south-western end were two jamb stones, standing 1.4m in height. A low sill stone was located between the jamb stones. When excavated, the cairn measured 8m north-west/southeast and 9.5m north-east/south-west. Examination of the chamber revealed a loose stone packing. Below this was a clay floor, where some worked flints, fragments

COR TYNAN: STONE SCULPTURE 40m OD; CS 11; IG 216; H 7450 4200+ This stone head was spherical and carved from one piece of stone. It had a short, straight incised mouth below a flattened nose, two oval raised eyes and shallow ears at the sides. The rear was flattened, with a short neck below. It was presented to Armagh County Museum by Sir Norman Strong of Tynan Abbey [ACM 206-58]. ARM [Not in SMR] Paterson 1962, 81-83; Weatherup 1978, 35.

139

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND CORNASCREEB: STONE AXE HEAD 30m OD; CS 13; IG 219; H 9850 4700+ This polished stone axe head was discovered, during ploughing. It measured 13.3cm in length, 5cm in width and 2.5cm in thickness. The axe head tapered to a point at the butt. It was presented to Armagh County Museum by the finder, Mr William Paterson [ACM 23-48]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 31.

donated to Armagh County Museum [ACM 95-71]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1975, 5-24. CORR AND DUNAVALLY: BRONZE ASSEMBLAGE 20m OD; CS 8; IG 161; H 8470 5570 A bronze dirk, socketed spearhead, spear butt and cylindrical ferrule were recovered here, following dredging work in the River Blackwater. All were dated to the Iron Age. The dirk measured 17cm in length and 2.8cm in width. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A6403]. The spearhead was leaf-shaped, measuring 14cm in length and 3.45cm in width. It is also held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A5312]. The spear butt has been classified as a Type 1b (Lisnacrogher) [UM A76.1990]. The ferrule bears an angular pattern of median incised bands. ARM [Not in SMR] Ramsey et al. 1991-1992, 138-149; Bourke and Crone 1993, 109-113.

CORPORATION [ARMAGH]: ASSEMBLAGE 62m OD; CS 12; IG 218; H 8768 4511 This site is located at 39-41 Scotch Street and is also known as Na Ferta. An extensive excavation of this site revealed features of four different periods: a Neolithic ring ditch, radiocarbon dated to c.2500 BC, an early Christian cemetery, followed by workshop debris, medieval and post medieval pits and gullies. Hollow scrapers, an arrowhead and Neolithic pottery sherds were found in the ditch. Fragments of lignite, bronze, glass and amber were also found. Timbers from the medieval pits were dated to the thirteenth century. ARM 012:095 Lynn 1988, 69.

CORR AND DUNAVALLY: BRONZE CHAPE 20m OD; CS 8; 161; H 8470 5570 A bronze bag-shaped chape was recovered here, following dredging work in the River Blackwater. The mouth was outlined by a thickened edge and the walls, differing in thickness, were perforated by two holes. It has been attributed to Eogan’s Class 3 classification. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A73.1990]. ARM [Not in SMR] Ramsey et al. 1991-1992, 138-149.

CORPORATION [ARMAGH]: STONE SCULPTURE 40m OD; CS 12; IG 218; H 8740 4580 This stone figure, widely known as the Tandragee Idol, is an interesting human figure with a horned helmet. It was found near St Patrick’s Cathedral, Armagh, during the nineteenth century. It is thought to date to the Iron Age. ARM [Not in SMR] Waddell 1998, 361-362.

CORR AND DUNAVALLY: BRONZE SWORD 20m OD; CS 8; IG 161; H 8450 5570+ A bronze, disc-pommel sword, attributed to the Iron Age was found at Cowford, near Charlemont. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ARM [Not in SMR] Waterman 1953, 62; Neill 2009, 596. CORRAN: HOARD 170m OD; CS 20; IG 250; H 9000 3400 Lewis described it as ‘at Corran, in 1833, was found a cylindrical case of gold, containing many antique gems and ornaments, among which was a necklace of jet richly carved’. The finds also included stone wrist bracers. The hoard is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI W69]. ARM 020:014 Lewis 1837, 286; Wilde 1857, 89; Herity and Eoghan 1977, 130-131; Neill 2009, 51 & 591.

Figure 180: Armagh Stone Figure (Not in SMR) (after Waddell 1998, 361)

Figure 181: Corran Bracer (Not in SMR) (after Neill 2009, 51)

CORPORATION [ARMAGH]: IRON KNIFE 36m OD; CS 12; IG 218; H 8740 4680 An iron knife blade, which measured 27.3cm in length, 2.8cm in width and 0.6cm in thickness, tapered to a point. It was found at the site of Banbrook Primary School, after its demolition. It was attributed to the Iron Age and 140

INVENTORY CORRAN: FLINT ARROWHEAD 170m OD; CS 20; IG 250; H 9000 3400+ A flint, barbed and tanged arrowhead was found here and included in the Fawcett Collection. In 1965 it was purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A126.1965]. ARM [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1967, 21-40.

ARM 005:009 Woodman 2017-2018, 1-7. DERRY BEG: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC & BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 26; IG 266; J 0715 2835 This site was investigated during construction of a new bypass around Newry. The archaeology appeared to represent both ritual and possible domestic use, consisting of two possible Neolithic enclosures, a cremation cemetery, which was enclosed by a timber circle, a small Bronze Age cremation cemetery and seven small staked structures. At least one of the structures may have been a house. Also occurring on a site known as Craigmore Hill, was a scatter of isolated spreads, pits and post holes, which were the remains of a small metalworking pit. Preliminary analysis of the pottery indicated a broad date range for the site of c.3600–1740 BC. Near the crest of Craigmore Hill, a substantial prehistoric penannular ditch was located. Following a period of natural silting, a minimum of three vessels were deposited into the ditch, within a confined area c.3m south-west of the southern terminus. Preliminary analysis of the pottery dated it to the Neolithic period. Following the levelling of the area, a timber circle represented the second phase of activity at the enclosure. The ditch appeared to have been truncated along its western side, where only basal deposits survived. This produced several broken prehistoric pottery vessels from the upper fills along the east. The small cremation cemetery was located downslope of the enclosure, at the western limits of the site. The cremations were both cut into and sealed by colluvium and were enclosed by a stone bank feature to the east and a raised bedrock outcrop to the west. Four of the seven cremations occurred in pits, three of which were accompanied by or contained within pottery vessels. The remaining cremation deposits were multiple deposits, within a small stone-lined cist. An inverted highly decorated vase was also present within the cist and was associated with either the first or second phases of deposition. Preliminary analysis of this vase dates it to the early Bronze Age. ARM [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2008.

Figure 182: Corran Arrowhead (Not in SMR) (after Flanagan 1967, 30)

*CREEVEROE: ASSEMBLAGE 46m OD; CS 12; IG 217/218; H 8400 4500 This site is also in Tirearly and Tray townlands. This site was identified from aerial photographs, which were taken by Barrie Hartwell of QUB. The site comprises a double-ditched linear feature, which extends for over 600m, close to the main Navan complex. A portion of this feature was excavated, during the Time Team visit to Navan. This revealed two parallel v-shaped ditches. The fill of one of the ditches produced a Bronze Age pot. Other finds included late Bronze Age pottery, flints, a porcellanite axe head and a spindle whorl. ARM 012:102 Hartwell 1991, 8; Conway 2006, 29-52. CREEVEROE: BRONZE AXE HEAD 46m OD; CS 12; IG 217/218; H 8400 4500 A bronze, socketed axe head was found here by a metal detectorist in 1997. It was donated to the Armagh County Museum. It has been classified as Class 11A, dating to the Dowris Phase of the late Bronze Age (950-600 BC). ARM [Not in SMR] Warner 2006, 20-28.

DERRY BEG: FLINTS 62m OD; CS 26; IG 266; J 0705 2805 This flat cemetery site was investigated, during the construction of a new bypass around Newry in 2008. This site extended north and east from the end of Derrybeg Lane, across a north-east facing slope. It extended over an area, which measured 225m in length and 60m in width. There were several pieces of flint debitage and what could be probable tools, recovered in each of the possible cremation pits, with one fill containing sixty pieces of debitage. Overall, this site showed a notable presence of cremations, along an area of prominent high ground, which overlooked the Newry basin and the city to the east. This group of cremations may be representative of at least part of a Bronze Age cemetery. ARM [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2008.

Figure 183: Creeveroe Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Warner 2006, 25) DERRINRAW: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 5; IG 162; H 9753 6137 The owners of this site reported finding flints, during the digging of the foundations of their garage. The site is located c.200m from the western bank of the River Bann and 2km from its entry point into Lough Neagh. The flints were mostly struck, but not worked. A few had indications of crude retouch. No further work was carried out on the site, which could once have been a Mesolithic habitation site. 141

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND DERRYAUGH: BRONZE CAULDRON 10m OD; CS 2; IG 162; H 9390 6250 The base portion of a bronze cauldron was found in June 1951, during dredging operations at Derryaugh. The site is located on the north side of Mill Bridge, close to the village of Milltown. It was pierced below the rim, by nine square holes, which were designed to attach the upper portion. It was also ornamented by concentric rings of pinch decoration. It measured 43.1cm in diameter and 17.7cm in height. It was donated to Armagh County Museum. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 41.

beads. The collection also contained two brooches and two pins of early Christian date, which may cast doubt on the authenticity of the entire hoard, as an associated find. This hoard is now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [1906.90-108]. ARM 009:031 Coffey 1913, 82; Hodges 1956, 29-56. DERRYHUBBERT NORTH: WOODEN MALLET 20m OD; CS 4; IG 130; H 8992 6047 This site, consisting of two Class 3 toghers, was visited by HED, along with Cormac Bourke of the Ulster Museum in Belfast, following a report of bridges, having been exposed under the peat by a Mr J. Gray. This site was in an area of cut bog, just outside the Peatlands Park. Unfortunately, the area, where the features were uncovered, was flooded by water at the time of visit. Mr Gray described one of the features as having been exposed at a depth of c.0.23cm down into the turf and made of wooden poles, approximately 10cm-20cm in diameter. He described one of these possible trackways as being quite wide. Both features ran approximately north/south. A crude wooden mallet was also found during the peat cutting. It is now in the possession of the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ARM 004:010

DERRYAUGH: LOGBOAT 10m OD; CS 2; IG 162; H 9390 6250 A logboat was exposed here in 1951, partly underneath the old bridge and partly under the new bridge, which was being constructed at the time. It was not possible to recover this logboat. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 41. DERRYAUGH: FLINT 10m OD; CS 2; IG 162; H 9390 6250+ A flint curved microlith, which was dark grey in colour, was found on the shore of Lough Neagh, near Milltown. It measured 3.4cm in length, 1.2cm in width and 0.6cm in thickness. It tapered to a point from the bulb of percussion. It was donated to Armagh County Museum. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 27.

DERRYLOSTE: FLINT KNIFE 20m OD; CS 2/5; IG 162/181; H 9750 6250+ This plano-convex knife, which measured 9.2cm in length, 3.1cm in width and 0.9cm in thickness, was recovered at a depth of 60.9cm, below ground surface. It was found by a workman, who was digging foundations for a pump. It was presented to Armagh County Museum by Mr Deeny. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 28.

DERRYCAW: STONE AXE HEAD 20m OD; CS 5; IG 180; H 9850 5900+ This polished stone axe head was recovered from a gravel pit in 1924. It measured 12cm in length, 6cm in width and tapered to a rounded butt. It was donated to the Armagh County Museum by the Reverend Halahan of Portadown [ACM 79-36] ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 29.

DERRYMACASH: BRONZE CAULDRON 20m OD; CS 6; IG 163; J 0400 6100+ This bronze cauldron is of continental, bucket-shaped form. Its original riveted strap handles have been replaced by cast-on handles, which was a distinguishing feature of local examples. Reportedly found north-west of Lurgan, it measured 35cm in height, with a maximum diameter of 32.5cm. ARM [Not in SMR] Armstrong 1924, 111; Waddell 1998, 226.

Figure 184: Derrycaw Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Weatherup 1978, 30)

DERRYHALE: BRONZE HOARD 30m OD; CS 9; IG 200; H 9800 5000 Although not precisely located, this hoard of bronze objects was found in a bog in 1830. The hoard has been dated to the late Bronze Age. It included axe heads, knives, disc-headed pins, dress fasteners, rings and

Figure 185: Derrymacash Cauldron (Not in SMR) (after Armstrong 1924, 111) 142

INVENTORY DERRYMACASH: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 20m OD; CS 6; IG 163; J 0400 6100+ A bronze pegged spearhead was reported to have been found at Rathlin Island. This is not an island, but a peninsula in Derrymacash townland, which extends north into Lough Neagh. The spearhead is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ARM [Not in SMR] Neill 2009, 593.

16m in diameter and stood 1.7m in height. It had been disturbed. North of the centre was a cist. On the western side of the cairn kerbstones, another small cist could be seen. When discovered, a scatter of cremated human bone was found on the floor. Excavations in 1909 found three cists, one of which contained a vase food vessel. A fourth cist was recorded, but had been destroyed by treasure hunters. Two sherds of a collared urn were also found here. These artefacts are now held at Armagh County Museum. ARM 028:003 O’Kelly 1909, 197-198 and 1910, 324; Chart 1940, 75; ApSimon 1969, 65; Waddell 1990, 50; Cooper 1997.

DOOGARY: BRONZE AXE HEAD 80m OD; CS 15; IG 234; H 7800 3900+ A bronze, socketed axe head with loop was found here. It measured 5.4cm in length, with a rectangular socket 2.8cm by 2.2cm in width. It became part of the Tennyson Collection. It is currently held at Armagh County Museum [ACM 170-35]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1982, 51-71.

DORSY or ROXBOROUGH: ASSEMBLAGE 180m OD; CS 28; IG 275; H 9530 2180 According to O’Kelly, in 1909 ‘a little further West (of ARM 028:003) is a place called the Fort Field … In this field were found at one time two celts, a whetstone and an urn. The urn, when dug up, was covered with a light slate stone and contained ashes. It was broken shortly after being found.’ This site cannot now be precisely located. ARM 028:031 O’Kelly 1909, 198; Chart 1940, 75.

Figure 186: Doogary Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Weatherup 1982, 51-71)

DORSY (MACDONALD) OR CARRICKROVADDY: WOODEN BOWLS (2) 210m OD; CS 25; IG 265; H 9550 2400+ Two carved wooden vessels were reported to have been found in Carrickrovaddy Bog, during turf-cutting operations in 1936. These had triangular shaped, flat handles at each end, which were pierced with a centrallyplaced hole. One vessel measured 34.2cm in diameter and 19cm in height, while the other measured 40.9cm in diameter and 18.4cm in height. The bowls were purchased by Armagh County Museum [ACM 34 & 35.36]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 42; Earwood 1989-1990, 37-44.

DOOHAT OR CROSSREAGH: BRONZE AXE HEAD 123m OD; CS 19; IG 249; H 7800 3000+ A bronze, socketed axe head, with a broken loop, was found here. It measured 5.7cm in length, with a rectangular socket 3.1cm in length and 1.9cm in width. It became part of the Tennyson Collection. It is currently held at Armagh County Museum [ACM 163-35]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1982, 51-71.

Plate 36: Carrickrovaddy Wooden Bowls (Not in SMR) (after Earwood 1989-1990, 41) Figure 187: Doohat or Crossreagh Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Weatherup 1982, 51-71)

DOUGHER: POTTERY (UNCLASSIFIED) & FLINTS 35m OD; CS 6; IG 182; J 0779 5978 The remains at this site comprised twenty-two pits of varying sizes, seven post holes, five gullies, two shallow linear features and two stake holes. These features were widely dispersed across the area and did not appear to represent structural remains. They included several pits, which may have been hearths and a few, which appeared to have been used to dump rubbish. A total of seventytwo sherds of pottery, which included four lumps of burnt clay and forty-eight fragments of flint were recovered. ARM [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2007.

*DORSY or ROXBOROUGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 154m OD; CS 28; IG 275; H 9547 2175 This site is also referred to as Cavan O’Hanlon and the Moate. This is a roughly-circular cairn, which measured 143

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND DRESSOGAGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINT JAVELIN HEAD 20m OD; CS 9; IG 180; H 9300 5540 Chart records that within the same field as a rath (ARM 009:001), there was ‘a burial monument from which urns were obtained, but of which no further particulars are now available.’ Also found here was a flint javelin head, with the point missing. It measured 9.5cm in length and 2.8cm in width. ARM 009:023 Chart 1940, 63; Weatherup 1978, 28. DRUMACANVER: BEEHIVE QUERN 100m OD; CS 15; IG 234; H 8000 3700+ The upper part of a beehive quern was found at Drumacanver and was classified as a B1 Type by Caulfield. It measured 33cm in diameter and 22cm in thickness. It has been dated to the Iron Age. ARM [Not in SMR] Caulfield 1977, 132.

Figure 188: Drummannan Axe Heads (Not in SMR) (after Weatherup 1978, 30)

DRUMNAKELLY: BRONZE HOARD 25m OD; CS 6; IG 163/182; H 9900 4900+ Although not precisely located, this bronze hoard was found at Annesborough, near Lurgan in 1913. The hoard was discovered during the removal of a tree root, at a depth of about 23cm from ground surface. It consisted of a low-flanged palstave, a bronze spiral-twisted neck ring, or torc, a fragment of another torc, two penannular bracelets and a fibula of provincial Roman type. ARM [Not in SMR] PRIA 32C, 1914, 173; Hodges 1957, 51-63; Waddell 1998, 189-190.

DRUMMAN MORE: BRONZE DAGGER 50m OD; CS 12; IG 218; H 8900 4700+ In 1816 a bronze, socketed dagger was reported to have been found here in a stream, by labourers. It measured 15cm in length. It was found embedded in a human skull. This is the only known example in Ireland, where a weapon wound has been found in situ. The dagger is held at the National Museum in Dublin, but the skull has been lost. ARM [Not in SMR] Sikora and Buckley 2003, 19. DRUMMANNON: STONE AXE HEADS (6) 30m OD; CS 5; IG 162; H 9400 5600+ Five stone axe heads, three of which were polished, were recovered from Lynch’s Field, Mullaboy, in the townland of Drummannon. The first measured 8.8cm in length, 4.4cm in width and 1.9cm in thickness. This one was polished, but chipped and with a curved cutting edge, which tapered to the butt [ACM 28-53]. The second measured 9.5cm in length, 4.7cm in width and 1.9cm in thickness. This one was polished and had a curved cutting edge, tapering to the butt [ACM 29-53]. The third measured 7.6cm in length, 4.7cm in width and 2.5cm in thickness. This one was polished and with a curved cutting edge, tapering to a truncated butt [ACM 30-53]. The fourth measured 9.5cm in length, 5.4cm in width and 2.5cm in thickness. This one had a curved cutting edge, which tapered to a broken butt [ACM 31-53]. The fifth measured 9.5cm in length, 4.4cm in width and 1.5cm in thickness. It had a straight cutting edge, which tapered to a squared butt [ACM 32-53]. They were donated to Armagh County Museum by Mrs Acheson. A further polished stone axe head, measuring13.9cm in length and 7.3cm in width, was found in the remains of a house at Kildarragh. It was also donated to Armagh County Museum [ACM 11-71]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1975, 5-24; Weatherup 1978, 31.

Figure 189: Annesborough Hoard (Not in SMR) (after Waddell 1998, 189) DUVERNAGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 154m OD; CS 22; IG 252; J 0340 3072 In 1941, agricultural work in the ‘Cromlech Field’ revealed a cist, which had been built of five slabs. It measured 0.58m east-west, 0.51m north-south and a depth of 0.38m. The site is also known as the Grey Stones. The floor had been neatly paved and there was a covering slab, which measured 0.84m in length, 0.79m in width and 0.13m in depth. Within the cist, there were two finely decorated Bowl Food Vessels. The pots were placed at opposite ends and in between, a quantity of cremated bone had been deposited. This was probably the remains of a single male, aged thirty-five to forty-five years. The cist was 144

INVENTORY c.23m south of the ‘Cromlech’, which had been marked on the 1835 and 1863 OS 6-inch maps (no SMR number). No visible trace of either remains now. The food vessels are now held at Armagh County Museum. ARM 022:006 Paterson and Davies 1944, 99-101. Figure 192: Edenderry Axe Heads (Not in SMR) (after Weatherup 1978, 30)

FAIRVIEW OR MUCKLAGH: BRONZE SWORD 50m OD; CS 15; IG 217; H 7500 4300+ A bronze sword, of Class 3 type, was found at Tynan Demesne. It is currently held in private ownership. ARM [Not in SMR] Eoghan 1965, 32, No. 44; Neill 2009, 595. GORAGH: ASSEMBLAGE 46m OD; CS 22; IG 252; J 0710 3070 This site, also referred to as Glassdrummond, was investigated as part of a new bypass around Newry, which was located to the north of the Armagh Road. Three ring ditches were excavated. In the first, several fragments of prehistoric pottery were recovered and burnt bone fragments were observed in the fill. In the second ring ditch, four beads and four flints were recovered. Three cremation pits were also investigated, during the excavation. Cremated bone and pottery fragments were recovered from the fill of one cremation pit and another contained cremated bone and also flint. ARM [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2008.

Figure 190: Plan of Duvernagh Cist Burial (ARM 022:006) (after Paterson and Davies 1944, 99-101)

GORAGH: STONE AXE HEAD 46m OD; CS 22; IG 252; J 0710 3070+ A polished stone axe head, measuring 9.5cm in length, 5cm in width and 1.2cm in thickness, was found in a field here in 1969. It was donated to Armagh County Museum [ACM 105-69]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1975, 5-24.

Figure 191: Duvernagh Bowls (ARM 022:006) (after Paterson and Davies 1944, 99-101) EDENDERRY: STONE AXE HEADS (4) & FLINT FLAKES 30m OD; CS 9; IG 180; H 8250 5050+ These artefacts were discovered by workmen, who were digging a drain, close to Portadown railway station. One axe head measured 27.9cm in length, 8.8cm in width and 2.2cm in thickness. The second axe head measured 19.3cm in length, 4.7cm in width and 4.1cm in thickness. The third measured 9.5cm in length, 5cm in width and 3.1cm in thickness. The fourth axe head measured 8.5cm in length, 3.1cm in width and 1.5cm in thickness. A deep groove was present, extending longitudinally down one side of the largest axe head. The flints were irregular, truncated and patinated. They were presented to Armagh County Museum by Miss Atkinson of Portadown [ACM 4541, 46-41, 47-41 and 48-41]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 29.

GRANGE LOWER: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 31m OD; CS 9; IG 181; H 9508 5473 This is on the top of a low drumlin, which is known as Tole’s Island. The OS 6-inch map of 1863 records a Site of Fort in this position, but there are now no visible remains. An archaeological evaluation was carried out, just northwest of this enclosure, which survives on the ground as a series of ill-defined low banks. This did not extend as far to the west, as is marked on the 1860s map. Excavation to the north-west of the banks uncovered a series of truncated features cut into subsoil, which produced flint and pottery of prehistoric date, possibly Bronze Age. No relationship was established between the excavated features and the enclosure [CAF 2006]. ARM 009:003 Carver 2006; Excavations.ie, 2006. 145

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND KEADY: BEEHIVE QUERN 170m OD; CS 20; IG 250; H 8400 3400+ The lower part of a beehive quern was found near Keady. It measured 32cm in diameter and 10cm in thickness. It has been dated to the Iron Age. ARM [Not in SMR] Caulfield 1977, 131.

pits, post and stake holes were identified, from which Neolithic pottery and worked flint were recovered. To the immediate east of the access road, an alignment of post holes, stake holes and a linear slot have been interpreted as being part of a possible Neolithic house structure. This structure was sub-rectangular in shape and measured 8.5m in length and 5m in width. ARM [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2009.

KEGGALL: STONE AXE HEAD 100m OD; CS 26; IG 265; J 0350 2500+ A polished stone axe head, which measured 10.1cm in length, 6.3cm in width and 2.8cm in thickness, was found on the eastern shore of Camlough Lake. It was donated to Armagh County Museum [ACM 33-72]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1975, 5-24.

KILMORE: STONE AXE HEAD 40m OD; CS 8/9; IG 200; H 9500 5100+ This polished stone axe head measured 14.2cm in length, 6.6cm in width and 3.1cm in thickness. It was presented to Armagh County Museum by the Very Reverend Lillie of Armagh [ACM 42-49]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 31.

KERNAN: STONE AXE HEAD 30m OD; CS 10; IG 182; J 0300 5600+ A polished stone axe head, measuring 22.3cm in length, was found here ‘lane 200 yards from Lough’. It was purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [778.1963]. ARM [Not in SMR] Flanagan and Seaby 1965, 102-116.

KILMORE: STONE AXE HEAD 40m OD; CS 8/9; IG 200; H 9500 5100+ This polished stone axe head was discovered, during road works on 26 June 1951. It measured 7.6cm in length and 3.8cm in width. This was presented to Armagh County Museum by Mr McKeever [ACM 39-55]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 31.

KILLAGHY: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) & FLINTS 31m OD; CS 6; IG 163; J 0904 6166 Four irregular flints, sherds of Western Neolithic pottery from at least two vessels and some cremated bone from a male, were found in a disused gravel pit. These were donated to the Armagh County Museum by Mr McCorry of Killaghy. There are thought to have been at least three prehistoric burials at this site, but much has been destroyed. ARM 006:014 Evans 1940, 139-141; Weatherup 1978, 26.

KILTYBANE OR LISLEITRIM: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 123m OD; CS 27; IG 274; H 9020 2050 This bronze, socketed and looped spearhead was discovered, while maintaining a roadside drain in 1926 ‘between the fort and the lake’. It consisted of the socket, with a portion of the blade, which measured 10.4cm in length. It was donated to Armagh County Museum by Mr Carty of Cullyhanna [ACM 136-56]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 38.

Figure 194: Lisleitrim Spearhead (Not in SMR) (after Weatherup 1978, 36)

Figure 193: Killaghy Pottery & Flints (ARM 006:014) (after Evans 1940, 140) KILLUNEY: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) & FLINTS 51m OD; CS 12; IG 218; H 8923 4605 In 2009 investigations took place at a housing development, located in the fields adjacent to Killuney Park Road. At the eastern extent of the site, within what was designated as Area 2, a large number of features,

KINNEGOE: BRONZE HOARD 20m OD; CS 8; IG 199; J 0650 6200+ A hoard of bronze artefacts was reported to have been found at Kinnegoe Bog. It consisted of a leaf-shaped 146

INVENTORY spearhead, a socketed axe head, two rings and a gold bulla. ARM [Not in SMR] Armstrong 1921-24, 148; Hodges 1957, 51-63.

ARM [Not in SMR] Ramsey et al. 1991-1992, 138-149. *LISBANOE: FLINTS 80m OD; CS 16; IG 235; H 8552 4234 This monument is classified in the SMR as a large enclosure (rath?), but was recorded as a hillfort, following a four year collaborative project, between archaeologists at the Universities of Edinburgh and Oxford, assisted by colleagues at University College Cork. It is a multiple enclosure, in a commanding position, surrounding the domed summit of Lisbanoe Hill, which overlooked the Callan and Butler rivers to the east. It is bivallate for the entire circuit, with a possible original entrance gap to the east. A break in the outer enclosing elements to the south is probably a modern gap. There is no evidence for any internal features on the surface, but the ramparts survive well throughout the entire circuit. Some tree cover is present on the outer ramparts and the interior is under pasture. It is depicted on the first edition of the OS map. During an excavation 100m to the south-east of this monument, prior to development, a post hole containing struck flint was found (O’Regan 2010). ARM 016:001 Lett 1884, 431-434; O’Regan 2010.

Figure 195: Kinnegoe Hoard (Not in SMR) (after Armstrong 1921-1924, 148) KNOCKBANE: STONE AXE HEAD 30m OD; CS 15; IG 234; H 7500 3600+ A stone axe head, which measured 17.1cm in length, 5cm in width and 2.5cm in thickness, was found here. It became part of the Tennyson Collection. It is currently held at Armagh County Museum [ACM 83-35]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1982, 51-71.

LISCORRAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 31m OD; CS 6; IG 163; J 0856 6157 This is also known as Lissacurran. In c.1938, a finely decorated Bowl Food Vessel of the earlier Bronze Age was recovered from a sand quarry. This site lies c.400m west of a similar site in Killaghy townland (ARM 006:014), which produced a Neolithic burial. It was not found in situ, so the exact findspot could not be identified. The pot does not seem to have been associated with a cist or any other stone feature, nor were any bones recovered. Since this type of vessel occurs most often in funerary deposits, it is likely that it survived from a burial. ARM 006:015 Paterson and Davies 1942, 118-119.

KNOCKBANE: BRONZE AXE HEAD 30m OD; CS 15; IG 234; H 7500 3600+ A bronze, socketed axe head with loop was found here. It measured 8.5cm in length, with an oval socket measuring 3.4cm in length and 2.8cm in width. It became part of the Tennyson Collection. It is currently held at Armagh County Museum [ACM 72-35]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1982, 51-71. KNOCKREVAN: HAMMER STONE 140m OD; CS 19/20; IG 249/250; H 8250 3500+ An oval hammer stone, which had been pierced in the centre by a hole bored from each side, was found in Knockrevan townland. It measured 6.9cm in length, 3.8cm in width and 3.1cm in thickness. It was donated to Armagh County Museum. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 33.

Figure 196: Liscorran Bowl (ARM 006:015) (after Paterson and Davies 1942, 119)

LEMNAGORE: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 40m OD; CS 11; IG 217; H 7610 4470 A bronze socketed spearhead was recovered here, following dredging work in the Blackwater River. The blade was leaf-shaped, with bevelled edges. It measured 11.6cm in length and 2.6cm in width. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A2.1988].

LISGLYNN: STONE AXE HEAD 100m OD; CS 15; IG 234; H 8100 3900+ A stone axe head, which measured 14.2cm in length, 4.7cm in width and 2.8cm in thickness, was found here. It became part of the Tennyson Collection and is now held 147

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND MAGHERY: LOGBOAT 15m OD; CS 2; IG 161; H 9270 6340 This craft was unfinished, but displayed the typical configuration of the underside of a logboat, along the face of one half of an oak log. The other side displayed clear signs that work had started on the hollowing out process. It was found, during trenching for an electric cable, in a laneway opposite Saint Mary’s Primary School, Maghery. The school is located approximately 120m from the present shore of Lough Neagh. A radiocarbon date of cal. 30 BC-AD 130 was obtained. The logboat was reburied off site by HED. ARM [Not in SMR] Fry 2000, 100.

at Armagh County Museum [ACM 154-35]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1982, 51-71. LISGLYNN: BRONZE AXE HEAD 100m OD; CS 15; IG 234; H 8100 3900+ A bronze, flat axe head, which measured 13cm in length, 6.9cm in width and 0.9cm in thickness, was found here. It became part of the Tennyson Collection, which is now held at Armagh County Museum [ACM 155-35]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1982, 51-71. *LISLOONY: STONE AXE HEADS (2) 92m OD; CS 15; IG 217; H 7762 4231 This site is a bivallate rath. A stone axe head, which measured 19cm in length, 6.3cm in width and 2.5cm in thickness, was found here. It became part of the Tennyson Collection, which is held at Armagh County Museum [ACM 85-35]. Another stone axe head, which measured 21.5cm in length, 8.2cm in width and 5.4cm in thickness, was found here in 1957. It was donated to Armagh County Museum [ACM 24-61]. ARM 015:003 Weatherup 1975, 5-24; Weatherup 1982, 51-71.

MAGHERY: BRONZE AXE HEAD & SPEAR BUTT 17m OD; CS 2; IG 161; H 9230 6430 This site is also known as Derrywarragh Island. A bronze socketed axe head was recovered here, following dredging work in the River Blackwater. The axe head was looped, with almost parallel sides and had a moderately expanded cutting edge. It measured 7.9cm in length and 4.56cm in width. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A4.1991]. A bronze spear butt, classified as a Type 2 (Doorknob), complete with wooden shaft was also found here [UM A81.1990]. ARM [Not in SMR] Ramsey et al. 1991-1992, 138-149; Bourke and Crone 1993, 109-113.

LISSHEAGH OR MOUNT IRWIN: BRONZE AXE HEAD 60m OD; CS 15; IG 234; H 7800 4100+ A bronze socketed axe head, with loop, was found here. It measured 7.6cm in length and had an oval socket 3.8cm in length and 2.5cm in width. It became part of the Tennyson Collection. It was purchased by the Armagh County Museum [AM 68-35]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1982, 51-71.

Figure 197: Lisseagh or Mount Irwin Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Weatherup 1982, 51-71)

Figure 198: Maghery Spear Butt (Not in SMR) (after Bourke and Crone 1993, 111) MAVEMACULLEN: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 50m OD; CS 17; IG 236; J 4000 4100+ This site is also known as Loughgilly. A bronze, socketed and looped spearhead was found here. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. ARM [Not in SMR] Neill 2009, 592.

LURGAN: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 30m OD; CS 6; IG 182; J 0700 5800+ A bronze, protected-loop spearhead was reported to have been found here. It is currently held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. ARM [Not in SMR] Neill 2009, 593.

MIDDLETOWN: BRONZE AXE HEAD 40m OD; CS 15; IG 234; H 7550 3900+ A bronze, socketed axe head with loop was found here. It measured 5.7cm in length, with a rectangular socket 3.4cm in length and 2.8cm in width. It became part of the Tennyson Collection, which is held at Armagh County Museum [ACM 71-35]. 148

INVENTORY ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1982, 51-71.

Figure 199: Middletown Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Weatherup 1982, 51-71)

MULLAHEAD: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 31m OD; CS 14; IG 237; J 0459 4850 This site was uncovered, during the construction of a 12.5km gas pipeline, between Kernan, near Gilford in County Down and Derryhale in County Armagh. An area of Bronze Age funerary and settlement activity lay on a west-facing slope, which overlooked an area of peat accumulation. The archaeological deposits included a penannular ditch, measuring 3.5m in diameter, which represented the remains of a small barrow. Numerous post holes were present across the site, with a series of large pits located on the lower slope. Decorated pottery of Bronze Age date was found within the pits. ARM [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2010.

Figure 200: Mullyleggan Sword (Not in SMR) (after Lucas et al. 1961, 84) MULLYNURE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 31m OD; CS 12; IG 218; H 8816 4699 This site is also known as Bishop’s Court. A Bowl Food Vessel in Armagh County Museum may be the ‘ancient Irish earthen urn’ noted by John Corry in the Armagh Guardian 31 July 1848. It was discovered during work at the Bishop’s Court (ARM 012:004) and was filled with ‘calcined bones’, representing a possible cremation. This suggests that a Bronze Age burial site once occupied this area. No other remains were identified. ARM 012:070 Armagh Guardian 31 July 1848; Reeves 1860; ApSimon 1969; 28-72; Lynn 1976, 121-122; Weatherup 1982, 65 and 71.

MULLANTUR: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 40m OD; CS 14; IG 219/220; J 0200 4400 Writing in 1816, John Bell recorded that a `Kistvaen’ was discovered in the townland of Mulintur, near Tandragee. In the centre of a cairn, bones and an ornamented urn were found. Neither the site nor the vessel can now be located. ARM 014:023 Bell 1816, 238. MULLYLEGGAN: BRONZE SWORD 30m OD; CS 8; IG 199; H 8450 5150+ This sword, which was found near Loughgall, has been classified as Class 4. It has the remains of an antler hiltplate, which was still attached. However, the sword was found broken in two places. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 172.1959]. ARM [Not in SMR] Lucas et al, 1961, 43-107; Waddell 1998, 237. MULLYLEGGAN: BRONZE AXE HEAD 30m OD; CS 8; IG 199; H 8450 5150+ Found near Loughgall, this cast-flanged axe head is now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ARM [Not in SMR] Neill 2009, 592.

Figure 201: Mullynure Bowl (ARM 012:070) (after Weatherup 1982, 65)

149

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND **NAVAN; ASSEMBLAGE 61m OD; CS 12; IG 218; H 8470 4520 The Navan Fort enclosure is defined by a massive bank with an inner ditch, enclosing an area of c.4.85 hectares. Within the enclosure is a much ploughed ringwork, which survives mainly as a wide shallow ditch c.50m in diameter, but also a large mound 50m in diameter and 5m in height. Excavation showed that beneath the mound had been a huge structure of concentric rings of posts, which had been filled with a cairn of boulders. There were also traces of houses, rebuilt on the same spot several times. A wide range of artefacts have been discovered at, and within the immediate area of the monument, dating from the Neolithic to the Iron Age. These artefacts are held in several museums within Ireland and also around the world. ARM 012:015 Forbes 1990, 43-45; Waterman 1997; Neill 2009, 594-596.

of the Navan enclosure. The site is 170m to the south-east of a mound (ARM 012:084), which is thought to form part of the Navan complex of prehistoric sites. The fragment is thought to be one of two terminals of a pendant, which formed a horse harness attachment. It is now held at Armagh County Museum [ACM 170.1998]. ARM [Not in SMR] Warner 2002, 37-42. PORTNELLIGAN: FLINT FLAKE & STONE AXE HEAD 170m OD; CS 15; IG 234; H 7800 3800+ A flint flake, measuring 7.6cm in length, was found here. It became part of the Tennyson Collection. A stone axe head, which measured 24.1cm in length, 7.6cm in width and 4.1cm in thickness, was also part of the collection. They are now held at Armagh County Museum [ACM 14435, 89-35]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1982, 51-71.

NAVAN: ASSEMBLAGE 50m OD; CS 12; IG 218; H 8450 4500+ A bronze, socketed and looped spearhead was reported to have been found ‘near Navan Fort’. It measured 20.9cm in length and had a diameter of 1.9cm at the socket. Also found here was a bronze palstave axe head, measuring 10.1cm in length, 4.1cm in width and 3.1cm in thickness. They are held in the Craig Collection at Armagh County Museum. A bronze dirk, or dagger, was also found here and is held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A26.1968]. A basaltic axe head was also found here and is currently held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [AM 4522]. ARM [Not in SMR] Paterson and Davies 1940, 70-72; Jope et al. 1952, 31-60; Weatherup 1978, 37 & 38; Warner 1994, 39-44.

PORTNELLIGAN: BRONZE AXE HEAD 170m OD; CS 15; IG 234; H 7800 3800+ A bronze, socketed axe head, with loop, was found here. It measured 8.2cm in length, with an oval socket 3.4cm in length and 2.8cm in width. It became part of the Tennyson Collection, which is currently held at Armagh County Museum [ACM 70-35]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1982, 51-71; Neill 2009, 596. PORTNELLIGAN: HORSE TACK 170m OD; CS 15; IG 234; H 7800 3800+ A bronze, Y-shaped pendant of Type 1b was found here. It is thought to be an item of horse tack and dates to the Iron Age. It is currently held at Armagh County Museum. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1982, 51-71; Neill 2009, 596.

NAVAN: HORSE TACK 50m OD; CS 12; IG 218; H 8450 4550 A fragment of an Iron Age bronze Y-shaped pendant was found by a metal detectorist in a field, 250m north-west

RATHCUMBER: STONE AXE HEAD 130m OD; CS 19; IG 249; H 7700 3400+ A stone axe head, which measured 19cm in length, 6.3cm in width and 2.5cm in thickness, was found here. It became part of the Tennyson Collection. It is now held at Armagh County Museum [ACM 86-35]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1982, 51-71. RATHCUMBER: BRONZE AXE HEAD 130m OD; CS 19; IG 249; H 7700 3400+ A bronze, palstave axe head, measuring 12.7cm in length and 5.7cm in width, was found here. It became part of the Tennyson Collection, which is now held at Armagh County Museum [ACM 77-35]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1982, 51-71.

Figure 202: Navan Pendant (conjectural drawing) (Not in SMR) (after Warner 2002, 37)

150

INVENTORY

Figure 205: Rathtrillick Socketed Axe Head (ARM 015:020) (after Weatherup 1982, 51-71)

Figure 203: Rathcumber Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Weatherup 1982, 51-71)

ROCKMACREENY: STONE AXE HEAD 100m OD; CS 13; IG 218; H 9400 4600+ A polished stone axe head, which measured 7.6cm in length, 4.4cm in width and 2.5cm in thickness, was found here. It was donated to Armagh County Museum [ACM 17-69]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1975, 5-24.

*RATHTRILLICK: ASSEMBLAGE 62m OD; CS 15; IG 234; H 7575 3795 This is an impressive multivallate rath, which consists of four banks and three ditches. It is located on the summit of a drumlin. The Tennyson Collection at Armagh County Museum holds one flint object and three bronze flat axe heads, which are recorded as having come from this monument [ACM 73-35, 74-35 and 75-35]. The axe heads measure 15.5cm in length, 11.4cm in width and 1.2cm in thickness; 12.7cm in length, 9.5cm in width and 1.2cm in thickness and lastly 14.6cm in length, 7.6cm in width and 0.9cm in thickness respectively. Also found at this site were a stone axe head, which measured 30.1cm in length, 8.5cm in width and 5cm in thickness [ACM 196-35], a bronze palstave axe head, measuring 12.7cm in length and 8.2cm in width [ACM 95-35] and two bronze socketed axe heads with loops [ACM 169, 91-35]. ARM 015:020 Weatherup 1982, 51-71.

SHANMULLAGH OR BALLYCULLEN: COLLECTION 22m OD; CS 8; IG 199; H 8430 5400 A number of bronze artefacts were recovered, after dredging operations on the River Blackwater. These included a bronze dagger, which measured 10.7cm in length, 4cm in width and 0.18cm in thickness; a bronze halberd, measuring 30.4cm in length, 6.45cm in width and 0.65cm in thickness; a rivet; a bent and unfinished dirk, measuring 64cm in length, 5.5cm in width and 0.8cm in thickness; five socketed spearheads; a socketed axe head; a socketed gouge, a razor and two balustershaped fittings and a mount. They are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [RS 1990.114, A5011, A5383, A33.1990, A5175, A5667, A34.1990, A138.1990, A5139, A5046, RS 1993.3 & A6402, A8234, A8235 & A7463]. ARM [Not in SMR] Ramsey et al. 1991-1992, 138-149; Bourke and Crone 1993, 109-113. **SLIEVE GULLION: ASSEMBLAGE 575m OD; CS 28; IG 275; J 0246 2032 This is a passage tomb, also known as the South Cairn, Cailleach Bearas House, Calliagh Berras House and Ailleach Bearas House. This is a round cairn with a diameter of 30m, with an original height of 4.8m. It lies south of a multiple cist cairn (ARM 028:006), which is also known as North Cairn. It contains a passage tomb of dry-stone walling, with a lintelled roof to the passage and a corbelled roof to the chamber. The chamber is octagonal, with a small end chamber set into the wall, opposite the passage. Following excavation in 1961, finds from the passage and chamber included cremated bone, flint and flakes of chert, as well as a barbed and tanged arrowhead. Three basin stones were also recovered. These are the only known examples of basin stones to survive from any of the passage tombs in Northern Ireland. ARM 028:007

Figure 204: Rathtrillick Palstave Axe Head (ARM 015:020) (after Weatherup 1982, 51-71)

151

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND Brooke 1789, 70-71; Bell 1816, 237; Lewis 1837, Vol.1, 146; Lett 1884, 431; Borlase 1897, Vol.1, 304; Chart 1940, 7677; Collins and Wilson 1963, 19-40; Smith and Pilcher 1972, 17-21; Herity 1974, 226; McQuillan and Logue 2008, 14-21.

Richard Warner, from the Ulster Museum in Belfast, placed it in the Roscommon phase, which dates to the beginning of the late Bronze Age, approximately during the late twelfth or eleventh centuries BC. This date range is confirmed by the associated bowls and is precisely the range for the construction and use of the nearby multivallate hillfort, Haughey’s Fort (ARM 012:013). A bronze palstave axe head, measuring 12.7cm in length, 5cm in width and 4.1cm in thickness, had previously been found here. It became part of the Tennyson Collection, which is now held at Armagh County Museum [ACM 99-35]. ARM 012:108 Weatherup 1982, 51-71; O’Neill and Macdonald 2004; Excavations.ie, 2004; Warner 2006, 20-23. TIMAKEEL: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC & BRONZE AGE) 20m OD; CS 9; IG 181; H 9654 5546 On a gentle south-east-facing slope, below the summit of a drumlin in good pasture, this site was recorded on the OS 6-inch map of 1835. However, all that survives today is a slight scarp on the south-eastern side, with faint traces of a ditch on the north-east. The partial remains, of what appeared to be a burnt mound, had been exposed by the developers to the north-east of a rath. This was re-covered without further investigation. To the west of the rath, a large penannular feature (cut 3), which measured 8.6m in diameter, had an opening in the north-north-west and was uncovered. The feature contained many stones in its fill. In the upper layers there was early Neolithic and Bronze Age pottery. The feature was interpreted as a ring barrow. The pottery included a Cinerary Urn, Food Vessel and Irish Bowl, dating to the Bronze Age (NAC, 2007). ARM 009:002

Figure 206: Slieve Gullion Basin Stones (ARM 028:007) (after Collins and Wilson 1963, 29) TAMLAGH: BRONZE HOARD 55m OD; CS 12; IG 217; H 8293 4486 This Late Bronze Age hoard consisted of a leaf-shaped bronze sword, two bronze bowls and two bronze rings. This was discovered by a metal detectorist and reported to the Armagh County Museum. Excavation of the findspot by CAF found further fragments of bronze and traces of a grey, organic material in the subsoil, where the sword had been found. It was thought to be the remains of a scabbard. The sword itself measured 65cm long and is oval in section, with a T-shaped tang.

TIREARLY: STONE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 12; IG 217; H 8300 4400+ This stone axe head was discovered in 1943. It measured 26.6cm in length, 8.8cm in width and 6.3cm in thickness. It tapered from a semi-circular cutting edge to a pointed butt. It was presented to Armagh County Museum by T.G.F. Paterson [ACM 83-55]. ARM [Not in SMR] Paterson 1946, 45-52; Weatherup 1978, 32. ***TRAY: ASSEMBLAGE 62m OD; CS 12; IG 217; H 8351 4529 This is also known as Haughey’s Fort. It is a large hillfort, dating to the late Bronze Age. It had been much disturbed by ploughing. The site consists of a surrounding bank, which is almost invisible, enclosing an area c.150m in diameter. There is an outer ditch c.4m in width and c.2.4m in depth. Aerial Photographs have revealed traces of another two outer ditches, lying 60m and 100m downslope respectively from the innermost ditch. The site was excavated, revealing abundant evidence for habitation, which included pottery, bronze, bone, quern stones and several large hearths. A cup and ring decorated stone was also found. ARM 012:013 Mallory 1988, 5-20; Mallory 1991, 10-26.

Figure 207: Tamlaght Axe Head (ARM 012:108) (after Weatherup 1982, 51-71)

152

INVENTORY TULLYGLUSH (KANE): BRONZE AXE HEAD 70m OD; CS 15; IG 234; H 7900 3800+ This portion of a bronze flat axe head measured 9.5cm in length and 6.6cm in width, at its blade. It is part of the Tennyson Collection, which is held at Armagh County Museum [ACM 76-35]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1982, 59. TULLYGLUSH (NEVIN): BRONZE SPEARHEAD 50m OD; CS 15; IG 234; H 7600 3950+ This socketed bronze spearhead measured 3.8cm in length, with a rectangular socket measuring 3.1cm in length and 2.5cm in width. It had a loop below the blade. It was uncovered, during ploughing activities in 1952. It was donated to Armagh County Museum by the finder, Mr J. Hanthorne of Middletown [ACM 17-55]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 38.

Figure 208: Tray Decorated Stone (ARM 012:013) (after Mallory 1991, 22)

TULLYGOONIGAN: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 50m OD; CS 8; IG 199; H 8650 5000+ A bronze, socketed and looped spearhead was found here. It is held in a private collection. ARM [Not in SMR] Neill 2009, 592.

***TRAY: ASSEMBLAGE 31m OD; CS 12; IG 217; H 8387 4546 Excavations at a ritual site, also known as the King’s Stables, proved it to be an artificially constructed, flatbottomed basin, measuring c.25m in diameter and sunk at a depth of 3.5m-4m below the surrounding land. The pond was enclosed by a low penannular bank. Finds included eighteen fragments of clay moulds, used in the manufacture of bronze swords. Bones of cow, dog, pig, sheep and red deer were also found, along with a portion of a human skull. The finds were mostly dated to the late Bronze Age, with radiocarbon date estimations placing the site in the first half of the first millennium BC. Two flint flakes were also found here and are currently held by HED. ARM 012:014 Chart 1940, 65; Lynn 1977, 42-62; Warner 1994, 39-44.

TULLYHUGH: STONE AXE HEAD 40m OD; CS 14; IG 220; J 0450 4700+ A polished stone axe head, which measured 10.8cm in length, 5.7cm in width and 1.9cm in thickness, was found here. It was donated to Armagh County Museum [ACM 141-64]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1975, 5-24. TULLYMORE AGOWAN: STONE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 8; IG 199; H 8250 5050+ This polished stone axe head measured 9.5cm in length and 5cm in width, with one side concave. It was presented to Armagh County Museum by Mr Curran [ACM 79-55]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 32.

TULLYBRICK ETRA OR BONDVILLE: BRONZE BROOCH 40m OD; CS 15; IG 234; H 7500 4100+ A bronze safety-pin fibula brooch, of the leaf-bow type, was found at Bondville. It was donated to the British Museum in London. ARM [Not in SMR] Jope 1961-1962, 25-38; Raftery 1983, 142, No. 379; Neill 2009, 596.

*TULLYNAVALL: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 123m OD; CS 28; IG 275; H 9402 1892 This is a standing stone, also known as The Cloghfin, Calliagh Berras (Birras) Stone, The White Stone of Watching and Finn MacCool’s Stone. Within the south-western part of the Dorsey enclosure (ARM 028:008), this stone is roughly conical, tapering from a broad base c.0.9m in width and 0.6m in thickness to a relatively pointed top, standing at a height of 1.45m. A brief examination in the 1930s showed it was not deeply set and was supported by a packing of small stones. Specks of charcoal, a small fragment of flint and a piece of burnt bone were found. In areas close to the stone, several pits and hollows were found, one containing charcoal, burnt bone, a flint flake and two sherds of Bronze Age pottery. ARM 028:023 Lett 1898, 7-8; Davies 1940, 287-288.

Figure 209: Tullybrick Etra or Bondville Brooch (Not in SMR) (after Jope 1961-1962, 30) 153

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND TULLYSARAN: STONE HAMMER 30m OD; CS 8/12; IG 198; H 8250 4850+ A stone hammer, which measured 9.5cm in length, 6.9cm in width and 3.8cm in thickness, was found here. It had a hole, measuring 3.8cm in diameter, bored in the centre from both sides. It was donated to Armagh County Museum [ACM 100-69]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1975, 5-24. *TULLYVALLAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 123m OD; CS 27; IG 264; H 9140 2317 This is also known as Harry Mount. This is a roughly circular mound of loose stones, measuring 22m northsouth and 21m east-west and standing at a height of c.2.5m, to the north of Harry Mount. It is delimited around part of the circumference by a modern dry-stone revetment c.0.75m high. The top is level and a circular pigeon house 4m high has been built into the centre. The cairn was partly excavated earlier this century and two Bowl Food Vessels were recovered. One ‘contained a certain amount of ashes and bones.’ This vessel is now in County Armagh Museum and the other is held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 480.1927]. ARM 027:002 Chart 1940, 74-75; ApSimon 1969, 59.

Figure 210: Tullywinny Urn and Food Vessel (ARM 025:018) (after Collins 1965, 72) TYNAN: BRONZE AXE HEAD 31m OD; CS 11/15; IG 217; H 7700 4200+ A bronze, socketed axe head with loop was found here. It measured 7.6cm in length, with an oval socket 3.8cm in length and 2.5cm in width. It became part of the Tennyson Collection, which is held at Armagh County Museum [ACM 69-35]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1982, 51-71.

TULLYVALLAN: COPPER HALBERD 120m OD; CS 27; IG 264; H 9150 2300+ A copper halberd, described as being ‘short and very broad, with four rivets’, was reported to have been found in Tullyvallen Bog. In 1930 it was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ARM [Not in SMR] Mahr 1930, 73-78.

Plate 37: Tullyvallan Copper Halberd (Not in SMR) (after Mahr 1930, Pl. 1) TULLYWINNY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 154m OD; CS 25; IG 251; J 0132 2930 In c.1935 a cavity was revealed, c.2.4m from the eastern edge of a level field, during ploughing. Further investigations at that time disclosed a cist, which was built with flagstone walls and a floor c.0.76m square in plan, sunk into the glacial till. Inside was a vase food vessel, with cremated bone, apparently covered by a much larger encrusted urn, the base of which was missing.The fragments of bone belonged mainly to a single adult, most probably female. However, it is possible that a second individual was represented. The pottery is now held at Armagh County Museum [10-1963]. ARM 025:018 Collins 1965, 71-77; Waddell 1990, 51.

Figure 211: Tynan Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Weatherup 1982, 51-71) UNSHOG: STONE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 15; IG 234; H 7700 3800+ This stone axe head measured 10.4cm in length, 5cm in width and 2.8cm in thickness. It is currently held at Armagh County Museum [ACM 21-45]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1982, 51-71. 154

INVENTORY UNSHOG: BRONZE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 15; IG 234; H 7700 3800+ This broken bronze flat axe head measured 11.4cm in length, 6.3cm in width and 0.9cm in thickness. A transverse ridge was present on each face. It is part of the Tennyson Collection, which is currently held at Armagh County Museum [ACM 157-35]. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1982, 60.

by a vertical hole, which measured 4.4cm in diameter. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 33. 6.UNKNOWN [ARM]: HAMMER STONE NPL An oblong hammer stone was reportedly found in County Armagh in 1854. It was donated to Armagh County Museum by the Salisbury, South Wiltshire and Blackmore Museum. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 33.

NOTE – The following entries are for artefacts which do not have a precise location, but are simply provenanced to County Armagh. They are numbered here for ease of identification.

7.UNKNOWN [ARM]: STONE AXE HEADS (5) & STONE CHISEL NPL A stone axe head was reported to have been found in Drumcree parish and was donated to Armagh County Museum. It measured 14.6cm in length and 7.3cm at the cutting edge, tapering to 5.7cm at the butt. Two further stone axe heads were reported to have been found in County Armagh and donated to the Armagh County Museum. One measured 17.4cm in length and 8.2cm in width and the other measured 11.4cm in length and 5.7cm in width. Another polished stone axe head was donated to Armagh County Museum by the Salisbury, South Wiltshire and Blackmore Museum, labelled ‘Armagh’. It measured 10.1cm in length, 5cm in width and 1.9cm in thickness. It was broken off at the butt. Two more stone axe heads and also a stone chisel became part of the Tennyson Collection, which are currently held at Armagh County Museum. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 32; Weatherup 1982, 51-71.

1.UNKNOWN [ARM]: FLINT ARROWHEADS (10) NPL A barbed and tanged flint arrowhead was found in County Armagh and donated to the Armagh County Museum. It measured 3cm in length and 2.2cm in width across the barbs. A barbed and tanged flint arrowhead was recovered from the Slieve Gullion area and donated to the Armagh County Museum. It measured 4.4cm in length and 2.5cm in width across the barbs. Eight further barbed and tanged arrowheads were found in County Armagh and are all now held at Armagh County Museum. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 28; Weatherup 1982, 51-71. 2.UNKNOWN [ARM]: FLINT ARROWHEADS (10) NPL Three leaf-shaped flint arrowheads, three lozengeshaped, two hollow-based and two tanged arrowheads were found in County Armagh. They are now held at the Armagh County Museum. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 28; Weatherup 1982, 51-71.

8.UNKNOWN [ARM]: STONE AXE HEAD NPL The blade portion of a polished stone axe head, measuring 10.6cm in length, was found at Drumcairns and donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [852.1963]. Drumcairns is not the name of a townland. TYR [Not in SMR] Flanagan and Seaby 1965, 102-116.

3.UNKNOWN [ARM]: FLINTS NPL Two flint knives, one thumb scraper and two flint javelin heads were found in County Armagh. They are now held at the Armagh County Museum. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1982, 51-71.

9.UNKNOWN [ARM]: BRONZE AXE HEAD NPL This hammer-flanged axe head, found in County Armagh, belongs to Harbison’s Derryniggin Type, which is distinguished by cast flanges, thin rounded or slightly square butt and straight sides, from which an almost semi-circular cutting edge protrudes at right angles. It is currently held at Taunton Castle Museum in England. ARM [Not in SMR] Neill 2009, 592.

4.UNKNOWN [ARM]: FLINT JAVELIN HEAD NPL A flint, lozenge-shaped javelin head was reported to have been found here. It was ground and polished with steeplyworked edges. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 77.1958]. ARM [Not in SMR] Flanagan et al. 1959, 43-55.

10.UNKNOWN [ARM]: BRONZE AXE HEADS (2) NPL Two bronze palstave axe heads were found in County Armagh. One is now held at the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America. The other, found near Tandragee is held at the National Museum of Ireland in

5.UNKNOWN [ARM]: STONE AXE HAMMER NPL A stone axe hammer, reportedly found in County Armagh, was donated to Armagh County Museum. It measured 19cm in length and 9.5cm in width, tapering to the cutting edge, with a thickness of 7.6cm. It was perforated 155

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND 15.UNKNOWN [ARM]: BRONZE HORNS NPL It was reported that bronze horns had been found in County Armagh. These were donated to the museum at Stackallen College in County Meath. ARM [Not in SMR] MacAdam 1860, 103.

Dublin. ARM [Not in SMR] Neill 2009, 592. 11.UNKNOWN [ARM]: BRONZE AXE HEADS (5) NPL Two bronze flat axe heads, two bronze palstave axe heads and a socketed axe head were found in County Armagh. They formed part of the Tennyson Collection, which are now held at Armagh County Museum. ARM [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1982, 51-71.

16.UNKNOWN [ARM]: BRONZE PIN & BRONZE KNIFE NPL A bronze sunflower pin, designated as a Class II type of the late Bronze Age, was reported to have been found in Armagh. It is held at the Armagh County Museum. A bronze knife was reported to have been found in Armagh and attributed to the Kells Type, dating to the late Bronze Age. It is also held at Armagh County Museum [1935.98]. ARM [Not in SMR] Hodges 1956, 29-56.

12.UNKNOWN [ARM]: BRONZE AXE HEAD NPL This axe head, found near Armagh, belongs to the Dungiven Type, which are distinguished by multiple mouldings of unequal width, sometimes running through the loop. Several examples have been found in Scotland and also in the north of Ireland. ARM [Not in SMR] Waddell 1998, 262-263.

17.UNKNOWN [ARM]: ASSEMBLAGE NPL A disc-headed pin, which dated to the late Bronze Age, was reported to have been found in County Armagh. It is held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [1876/98]. A bronze razor was also reported to have been found here. It is thought to date to the late Bronze Age and is classified as Class IV. It is now held at the Armagh County Museum. A bronze sword, of Class 4 type, was also found and also held at Armagh County Museum. ANT [Not in SMR] Hodges 1956, 29-56; Eoghan 1965, 163-164, No. 622; Neill 2009, 595. 18.UNKNOWN [ARM]: BRONZE SPEARHEAD & AXE HEAD NPL A bronze, socketed and looped spearhead was reported to have been found ‘near Navan Fort’. It measured 20.9cm in length and had a diameter of 1.9cm at the socket. Also found here was a bronze palstave axe head, measuring 10.1cm in length, 4.1cm in width and 3.1cm in thickness. They are held within the Craig Collection at Armagh County Museum. ARM [Not in SMR] Paterson and Davies 1940, 70-72; Weatherup 1978, 37 & 38.

Figure 212: Unknown (ARM) Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Waddell 1998, 263)

19.UNKNOWN [ARM]: HORSE TACK NPL A bronze, Y-shaped pendant, of Type 1a, thought to be part of horse tack and dated to the Iron Age, was found in County Armagh. It is currently held at Armagh County Museum [ACM 223-1935]. ARM [Not in SMR] Haworth 1971, 26-49; Raftery 1983, 60, No. 168; Neill 2009, 596.

13.UNKNOWN [ARM]: BRONZE DIRK NPL A bronze dirk was reported to have been found at ‘the Cutts, near Armagh’. It is currently held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. ARM [Not in SMR] Burgess and Gerloff 1981, No. 810; Neill 2009, 592. 14.UNKNOWN [ARM]: HORSE TACK NPL; CS 15; IG 234; NPL A bronze, Y-shaped pendant, of Type 1a, thought to be part of horse tack and dated to the Iron Age, was found in County Armagh. It is currently held at Armagh County Museum. ARM [Not in SMR] Raftery 1983, 60, No. 168; Neill 2009, 596.

20.UNKNOWN [ARM]: HORSE TACK NPL; CS 15; IG 234; NPL An early Iron Age bronze horse bit, classified as Type B, was reported to have been found near Armagh. It is thought to date to the second or first century BC. It was donated to the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [AM 1927.2906]. 156

INVENTORY 24.UNKNOWN [ARM]: STONE AXE HEAD NPL A porcellanite axe head was reported to have been found in County Armagh. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [1911.224]. ARM [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952.

ARM [Not in SMR] Jope 1950, 57-60; Haworth 1971, 26-49.

COUNTY DOWN **ANNADORN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 31m OD; CS 30; IG 224; J 4288 4592 This site is a passage tomb, also known as Annadorn Dolmen. It is located in the dip between ridges north-west of Loughinisland, at the Buck’s Head crossroads. The tomb is a regular chamber of three sides, with a capstone 0.68m in thickness, 2.4m in length and 2.13m in width. It is situated 0.6m above the ground, which according to Jope (1966) is very low for the chamber of a passage grave. However, a description of the site in 1772 reports that the capstone was supported by side stones to a height of 1.1m. It was later slightly displaced. An Irish bowl was reported to have been found here and is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 3925:K22]. DOW 030:007 Dubourdieu 1802, 271; Gray 1883-1884, 365; Borlase 1897, Vol.1, 286; Evans Field Notebook IV, 27-28; Chart 1940, 103; Jope 1966, 78 and fig.44; ApSimon 1969, 60.

Figure 213: Unknown (ARM) Horse Bit (Not in SMR) (after Jope 1950, 57) 21.UNKNOWN [ARM]: HORSE TACK NPL Three early Iron Age bronze horse bits, classified as Type B, were reported to have been found in County Armagh and donated to Armagh County Museum Museum [ACM 215-217.1935]. ARM [Not in SMR] Haworth 1971, 26-49. 22.UNKNOWN [ARM]: STONE SCULPTURE NPL The provenance of this stone figure is reported to be ‘within a few miles of Armagh’ (Warner 2003, 27). It is currently in private ownership. It is described as being 60cm in height. It is a human figure, with an animal figure at its back. It is considered to be contemporary with the Tandragee Idol, but while dating is uncertain, it is thought to be Iron Age in origin. ARM [Not in SMR] Warner 2003, 24-27.

ARDBRIN: BRONZE HORN 70m OD; CS 34; IG 238; J 1958 4133 The site of this find was in a bog within an inter-drumlin area, which is thought to have been the location of a crannog. It was reported in 1886 thus: in 1809…both

23.UNKNOWN [ARM]: WOODEN BOWL NPL This wooden bowl was originally circular, with a diameter of 21cm and a height of 9cm, with an out-turned rim. It had a single handle, carved in one piece, within the body of the bowl. The handle is formed of a vertically set loop, with the upper part carved to suggest the head of a bird. It is held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. It has been radiocarbon dated to 213 BC – 61 AD. ARM [Not in SMR] Earwood 1989-1990, 37-44; Waddell 1998, 233-234.

Figure 214: Unknown (ARM) Wooden Bowl (Not in SMR) (after Earwood 1989-1990, 38)

Figure 215: Ardbrin Horn (DOW 034:091) (after Wood-Martin 1886, 128) 157

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND joints of a very large and perfect curved bronze trumpet were disinterred from a peat bog’ (Wood-Martin 1886, 126). A layer of burnt oak was also found, along with a log boat, which had four short paddles. The horn is thought to date to the Iron Age. DOW 034:091 Jope 1966, 182; Newry Magazine 1815, 293-294; WoodMartin 1886, 126-128.

a large leaf-shaped javelin head and twelve leaf scrapers and knives. Sherds from a food vessel were found on top of the burial deposit in the second and third segments of the south-western gallery, but could not be definitely associated with any individual burial. DOW 031:007 Chart 1940, 105; Collins et al 1954, 7-56; Collins 1959, 2125; Jope 1966, 6-9, 14, 17, 18, 21 and 71; ApSimon 1969, 60.

ARDGLASS: POTTERY (UNCLASSIFIED) & FLINTS 15m OD; CS 45; IG 242; J 5580 3742 A series of trenches was cut by machine, to assess land close to King’s Castle, Hill Street, as part of the programme of research work in Ardglass, County Down. The land had been ploughed and ridged for potatoes. No evidence of medieval activity was found. An area of lighter clay about 0.65m in depth, containing some flint flakes and fragments of pottery, was recorded in one trench. Further trenches were cut to define its extent. It was interpreted as a colluvial deposit of localised nature, possibly in-filling of a gully. DOW [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie 2000. ARDKEEN: FLINTS 20m OD; CS 25; IG 187; J 5958 5697 This possible midden, composed of flint artefacts and shells, was reported by Hector McDonnell. The site is close to Ardkeen Castle and Church (DOW 025:005 and DOW 025:006), both of which are close to the shore of Strangford Lough. DOW 025:035 ARDKEEN: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 25; IG 187; J 5930 5710 This is a small collection of Mesolithic flints. The specific phase has not been determined. The collection is now held at Down County Museum. DOW 025:036

Figure 216: Audleystown Assemblage (DOW 031:007) (after Herity 1987, 265)

**AUDLEYSTOWN: ASSEMBLAGE 15m OD; CS 31; IG 206; J 5619 5035 This is a dual court tomb, which was excavated in 1952. On excavation, burials were encountered in the two outer segments of the south-west gallery. The burial deposit was a mixture of human bones and teeth, mammalian bones, artefacts, burnt earth and charcoal. The very fragmentary human bones represented the remains of at least thirty-four individuals of both sexes and all ages, with seventeen in each gallery. The complete lack of articulation and the arrangement of the bones in small groups indicated previous burial or exposure of the bodies, suggesting that the bones were de-fleshed, before being placed in the cairn. Many of the bones were partially burnt. Grave goods were found abundantly, wherever there were burials. They included at least fifteen fragmentary pottery vessels, mostly plain Western Neolithic carinated bowls, with a few Beacharra and Sandhills-type decorated examples. Sherds of Bronze Age Irish Bowls were also found. Worked flint included

AUDLEYSTOWN: FLINT KNIFE 20m OD; CS 31; IG 206; J 5650 5050 A Neolithic plano-convex knife was found here. It is now held at Down County Museum in Downpatrick (DCM 1993-243). DOW 031:065 McErlean et al. 2002, 441. AUDLEYSTOWN: DECORATED STONE 40m OD; CS 31; IG 206; J 5644 5008 This carved stone was found built into a drystone wall, which encircled a house near Audleystown Court tomb (DOW 031:007). This stone measured approximately 0.28m square. It appeared to have arcs and depressions carved on one of its faces. DOW 031:070

158

INVENTORY BALLOO LOWER: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 15m OD; CS 2; IG 116; J 5480 8360 Sherds of an urn were reported to have been found in a sand pit here in 1932. Their current location is unknown. DOW [Not in SMR] ApSimon 1969, 62. BALLOO LOWER: ASSEMBLAGE 15m OD; CS 2; IG 116; J 5610 8355 An assemblage of finds was reported to have been found at Balloo Bay, Orlock, in 1897. Mixed into a deposit of shells and charcoal was a bronze pin, measuring 5cm in length, stone hammers, quartzite rubbing stones, potboilers, bones (identified as wild boar, Irish elk, deer and sheep), a flint disc and sherds of a food vessel. DOW [Not in SMR] Young 1897, 44-47.

Plate 38: Audleystown Decorated Stone (DOW 031:070) AUGHNAFOSKER: ASSEMBLAGE 50m OD; CS 13; IG 183; J 1470 6000 Evidence of Bronze Age funerary practices in the form of urn burials, cremated remains and cists, was found, in addition to many other prehistoric features, such as pits and post holes and a probable fulachta fiadh. One pit contained a polished stone axe. Most of the prehistoric activity was concentrated at the bottom of the hill slope, near a scheduled monument known as Pretty Mary’s Fort (DOW 013:017) and this may have been a precursor to that later monument. Limited evidence was also found at the top of the hill for early Christian activity, in the form of pits and a possible crude kiln. A skeleton, as yet undated, was also excavated. Many other features were also identified and excavated. DOW [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2004. BALLINTAGGART: ASSEMBLAGE 80m OD; CS 34; IG 237; J 1086 4026 In July 2004 excavations, in advance of road works in Loughbrickland, have uncovered a barrow cemetery with urn burials, standing stones and a stone circle. At this site, archaeologists uncovered the remains of three Neolithic houses and a Bronze Age cemetery, with eight ring-ditches, a burial and a Bronze Age occupation area. Flints, bone and funerary vessels, including Grooved Ware types, were associated with four of the ring barrows. DOW 034:126 Excavations.ie, 2004; Heaney 2010, 32-35.

Figure 217: Balloo Lower Assemblage (Not in SMR) (after Young 1897, 46) BALLOOLY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 140m OD; CS 28; CS 221; J 2000 4700 This site was described by Dubourdieu, as being discovered by workmen, during the removal of a burial cairn. Two cist burials were found, containing urns. One was described as being about 12 inches [0.3m] in diameter and the other almost half of that, about 0.15m in diameter. Cremated bones were also found. The urns were placed on flags and ‘defended on all sides by perpendicular stones, and a large one on top.’ The site cannot now be precisely located. DOW [Not in SMR] Dubourdieu 1802, 305; Waddell 1970, 114; 1990, 74.

BALLOO: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 40m OD; CS 17; IG 186; J 5005 6078 Two Bronze Age urns were found here in 1893. The site of the find appears to be a low, symmetrical conical mound. This appears to be natural, but Bronze Age burials were often inserted into natural mounds. The first urn was dug up, but the second was excavated by the Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society. Photographs, one of which survives, were taken during excavation. The urns contained cremated bone and charcoal and there was also a bone artefact ‘a curiously curved bone needle with eyelet at one end’. This was found inside one of the urns, but has since been lost. No structure was found, but the surrounding soil contained some fragments of flint. DOW 017:022 Waddell 1990, 79.

*BALLYALTON: ASSEMBLAGE 31m OD; CS 38; IG 225; J 5309 4480 This is a court tomb, which is also known as Ballyalton Court Cairn. This is situated on a south-east-facing slope, with excellent views all around. Excavation of the tomb in 1933 revealed traces of an oval cairn, which was aligned north-west/south-east. The forecourt is at the southeastern end. A gallery segmented into two chambers leads 159

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND off from the cairn. The chambers are orientated northnorth-west/south-south-east, with the largest directly behind the court. The court is formed by six uprights and appears to stand on a small rise. Finds included flint arrowheads, knives and axes, a large quantity of pottery and human bones from several individuals. The finds are held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. DOW 038:006 Evans and Davies 1934, 79-104; Evans and Gaffikin 1935, 247; Chart 1940, 121; Jope 1966, 72.

Plate 39: Ballyaughian Decorated Stone (DOW 048:018) BALLYAUGHIAN: FLINT JAVELIN HEAD 215m OD; CS 48; IG 268; J 2430 2630 This javelin head, of Collins’ Type C, was found on the west bank of the Rocky River. The finder donated the item to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A1.1982]. A similar javelin head was previously found in the adjacent townland of Leitrim (See below). (Jope 1966, 12). DOW [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1981-1982, 185. *BALLYBEEN: FLINT BLADE 15m OD; CS 5; IG 148; J 4260 7308 This is a standing stone and ring barrow, known locally as The Long Stone. The stone stands 2.2m in height, 1.2m in width and 1.2m in depth. There is some graffiti in white paint on the stone. The site was excavated in 1983. It was found that the stone is flat-bottomed and rests on the ground, with little evidence of a foundation pit. The results of the excavation showed that ‘the Long Stone was not the focus of any extensive prehistoric settlement nor would it appear to be the surviving element in a larger structure.’ At 50m from the stone, a small ring barrow and cremation burial were found, dating to the Late Bronze Age. A retouched flint blade was recovered. DOW 005:035 OS Field Report No. 33; Chart 1940, 83; Jope 1966, 96 No. 254 and Pl.13; Mallory 1984, 1-4.

Figure 218: Ballyalton Assemblage (DOW 038:006) (after Herity 1987, 268) BALLYAUGHIAN: DECORATED STONE 159m OD; CS 48; IG 268; J 2307 3017 This site was on a steep north-facing slope, with panoramic views, from the west through north to the east and south-east. The southern perimeter of the site survives as a curve in the field boundary, as marked on the 1940 OS 6 inch map. It stands 1.6m above the exterior field, ranging from 2m to 2.5m in width and stands 1.5m above the interior at the east. The interior face of the bank is revetted at the west. There were no traces of the site in the field surface. This is also the findspot of a cupand-ring marked stone, which is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. DOW 048:018 Bigger 1898, 188; Davidson 1950, 41; Jope 1966, 17 and Pl.16.

BALLYBLACK: HORSE TACK & RAZOR 20m OD; CS 6; IG 149; J 5500 7300+ An early Iron Age horse bronze horse bit of Raftery’s Type I was reported to have been found c.1810 at Ballyblack Moss, about four miles east-south-east of Newtownards. It was found under a tree, along with a bronze razor. Their location is currently unknown. DOW [Not in SMR] Jope 1950, 57-60; Haworth 1971, 26-49. BALLYBRYAN: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 12; IG 168; J 5850 6610 This site is also known as Big Stone Bay. Woodman refers to two sites in this area. The material, which was collected from the upper beach within the bay, was heavily patinated. It was primarily late Mesolithic, with some early Mesolithic present. Another site was located at the present low water mark and in mud, overlying a 160

INVENTORY BALLYCLOGHAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 20m OD; CS 5; IG 130; J 3910 7450 In November 1895 two urns, which contained human bones, were uncovered in a mound of gravel by workmen, within the grounds of Campbell College, Belfast. These were found ‘between one and two feet beneath the surface and about ten yards (92m) distant from each other’ (Patterson 1896, 184). The urns were found inverted. One measured 38cm in diameter and 28cm in height and the other measured 23cm in diameter and 13cm in height. A food-vessel was also recovered. Also recorded were ‘about twenty small graves…excavated in the hard gravel, and were filled with gravel and soil containing a few fragments of bones and charcoal’. A considerable number of flint scrapers were also found in the fields around these burials. A flint, leaf-shaped, tanged arrowhead was found here and donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [440.1962]. DOW [Not in SMR] Patterson 1896, 184-185; Flanagan 1964, 73-95; Waddell 1990, 76.

submerged peat deposit. DOW 012:022 and MRD 168:154 Woodman 1978, 299. BALLYBUTTLE: DECORATED STONES (2) 90m OD; CS 7; IG 132; J 5822 7519 Two cup-marked stones were found on the surface of a field bank. Their original location is not known. It seems likely that they were uncovered during agricultural work nearby. Stone A measured 0.94m in length, 0.44m in width and 0.14m in depth. Around thirty circular hollows, up to 3cm in diameter by c.1cm deep, are visible on the upper face of the stone. There are several more cup marks on the side face of the stone and at least ten cup marks on the underside. Stone B measured 0.71m in length, 0.4m in width and 0.17m in depth. It has much less decoration, with only two small cup marks. As there are no known archaeological sites in the immediate area, they may be from an unlocated or destroyed monument such as a cist. The stones were to be donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast. DOW 007:018 BALLYCANAL: ASSEMBLAGE 45m OD; CS 13; IG 164; J 1557 6130 A flat cemetery was discovered, during the course of monitoring a proposed water pipeline. A number of isolated features were identified and subsequently excavated. Area 1 consisted of six pits, a spread and plough furrow. Most of the features identified contained charcoal-rich fills, mixed with varying amounts of cremated bone. Pit 1 produced a number of faience and glass beads, pieces of blue glass and a small piece of metal, some of which was retrieved during soil flotation. The beads and piece of metal have been provisionally dated to either the late Iron Age or the beginning of the early Christian period. In addition, two pits were identified as probable cremation burials. Pit 5 was stone lined and contained large quantities of burnt bone, mixed with occasional fragments of burnt flint. The basal fill of Pit 6 produced a small amount of burnt bone, along with sherds of middle Bronze Age pottery. Area 2 contained two pits, one of which produced a large quantity of burnt flint. Area 4 was located in the field adjacent to Areas 1–3 and consisted of three pits. Pit 17 produced a few sherds of middle Bronze Age pottery and a flint core. DOW [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2007.

Figure 219: Ballycloghan Bowl (Not in SMR) (after Patterson 1896, 184) BALLYCROGHAN: BRONZE SWORDS (3) 15m OD; CS 2; IG 132; J 5380 7990 These three bronze swords were discovered, during ploughing activities in 1949. Two of them were thought to be rejected castings, providing some information about the process used in their manufacture. They were leafshaped, with the handle incorporated into the casting. DOW 002:018 Jope 1953, 37-40; Hodges and Smith 1955, 17-28; Jope 1966, 98.

BALLYCARN: FLINT ARROWHEAD 46m OD; CS 9; IG 147; J 3220 6610 This barbed and tanged flint arrowhead has been described as a Beaker-compatible type (Harbison 1977, 20). It has been compared to similar arrowheads, which were found at a wedge tomb at Loughash in County Tyrone. Loughash also contained ‘bell beakers’. The arrowhead is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. DOW [Not in SMR] Harbison 1977, 20; Flanagan 1980, 21-27.

Plate 40: Ballycroghan Swords (DOW 002:018) (after Jope 1953, Pl. 1) 161

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND BALLYCULLEN: STONE AXE HEADS & FLINT ARROWHEADS 62m OD; CS 5; IG 148; J 4600 7300 This site is also known as Lough Moronay. This Neolithic material included two stone axes and seven flint arrowheads. The artefacts are currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. DOW 005:075 McErlean et al. 2002, 441.

concentric circles. The markings are very faint and the rock needs careful examination, before the decoration can be identified. The left-hand group ‘begins in the centre with what seems meant for a spiral of two turns, which fades out and then there are five more or less complete circles and three incomplete’. The diameter of the decoration is between 51cm and 61cm. The right-hand group consists of five incomplete circles and a small part of a sixth, with diameters of 41cm. It was reported that further decorations may be present below the ground surface and on other rock outcrops in the vicinity. DOW 031:045 Davidson 1950, 39-41; Jope 1966, 17 & Pl.16.

BALLYCULLEN: PALAEOLITHIC FLINT 15m OD; CS 5; IG 148; J 4780 7410 This site was uncovered, during property development around Mountpleasant House. During test trenching, three flint tools were recovered from the topsoil in spoil heaps. One of these appears to have originally been located within an underlying glacial deposit. This flint object has been analysed by Dr Farina Sternke and Professor Peter Woodman of University College Cork. In their opinion, there is a strong possibility that it is of Palaeolithic date, approximately 240,000–180,000 BC. They suggested that it is a core, produced with Levalloisian technology, dating to the Early Middle Palaeolithic period. It is likely that the flint implement could have been transported from a significant distance, perhaps from the eastern part of County Antrim or even from the west coast of Scotland. A circular burnt stone spread was also investigated, but it was found to be in isolation. It was formed by a shallow bowl-shaped pit, which contained inclusions of burnt stone and charcoal. No finds were retrieved from this feature. However, the bottom of the pit appears to have been subject to in situ burning, causing discolouration, thus suggesting it represented a possible hearth or small fulachta fiadh-type feature. DOW [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2007; Stirland 2008, 23-24.

Plate 42: Ballyculter Upper Decorated Stone (DOW 031:045) (after Davidson 1950, Pl. 5) BALLYCULTER UPPER: GOLD DRESS FASTENER 31m OD; CS 31; IG 225; J 5720 4750 This findspot was in a field, immediately north of a field, where a church and graveyard site was located (DOW 031:046). The field is in pasture and an old mill race defines its border at the north-east. A gold Bronze Age dress fastener was found here recently and is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. This find raised the possibility that it may mark a Bronze Age settlement site. An archaeological evaluation was carried out near to the site, prior to development. Two trenches were excavated across the development site, but nothing of archaeological significance was uncovered [E. Gowdy, 2015]. DOW 031:062 Flanagan 1980, 21-27.

Plate 41: Ballycullen Flint (Not in SMR) (after Stirland 2008, 23) *BALLYCULTER UPPER: DECORATED STONE 37m OD; CS 31; IG 225; J 5712 4726 This stone is situated to the south-west of Ballyculter village, within a private garden, in an area also referred to as Churchtown. It was discovered in 1948, after being highlighted in the oblique lighting from a car’s headlamps. A small, smooth-faced Silurian outcrop just pierces a bank of lawn. The decoration is in the form of two groups of

Figure 220: Ballyculter Upper Dress Fastener (DOW 031:062) (after Flanagan 1980, 24) 162

INVENTORY BALLYDORN: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 17; IG 168; J 5170 6250 This site was investigated by Woodman and included patinated flints and knapping debris, mostly of late Mesolithic date. One Neolithic end scraper was also included. DOW 017:033 Woodman 1978, 298.

flanking the portal stones from a narrow forecourt, into a horseshoe-shaped chamber. The site was excavated in 1936. No traces of burial were found, but sherds of Neolithic pottery and flints were recovered. DOW 054:014 Borlase 1897 Vol.1 285 No.8; Evans 1938, 49-58; Chart 1940, 138; Jope 1966, 72-73; Evans 1967, 226.

BALLYDORN: ASSEMBLAGE 15m OD; CS 17; IG 168; J 5240 6250 Early and late Mesolithic material has been recovered from this site, also known as Sketrick Island. Neolithic flints and axe heads were also recovered, as was a Bronze Age socketed axe head and sword. Finds are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast and the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. DOW 017:037 Woodman 1978, 298. BALLYDOWN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 50m OD; CS 27; IG 221; J 1450 4665 This site was uncovered during a road improvement scheme, one mile to the north-east of Banbridge. Two areas of archaeology were uncovered on either side of the existing road, but seemed to form part of one large site, which dates mostly to the Bronze Age. On the western side of the road, five distinct areas were found: a wooden trackway or togher, two troughs, one of which was wood-lined, a third possible trough and four burnt mound spreads. This was the more waterlogged of the two areas, being close to a stream. Sherds of Late Bronze Age pottery were recovered. However, the stratigraphy of the site, backed up with radiocarbon dating, indicate that the site was revisited repeatedly during the Early and Middle Bronze Ages. Samples of wood from area 1E dated to 2433-2061 cal. BC (Early Bronze Age), while wood in area 1D gave dates of 1423-1135 cal. BC and 1440-1130 cal. BC, placing it in the middle Bronze Age. DOW 027:114 O’Rourke et al. 2010.

Figure 221: Ballyedmond Assemblage (DOW 054:014) (after Evans 1938, 55) BALLYESBOROUGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 15m OD; CS 18; IG 188; J 6440 6060 The site of this urn field, or flat cemetery, where ‘crocks almost a foot high with remains of human bones in’ were found, was reported in a letter to the department. Enquiries with landowners and local residents failed to produce any information about the site, which has not been precisely located. DOW 018:021

BALLYDRAIN: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 11; IG 167; J 4972 6676 This site is also in Castle Espie townland. It is located in a broad field, slightly rising from sea level, on the western shore of Strangford Lough, which is separated from the foreshore by a narrow stretch of wet land. The field, immediately to the south-west of this site, which was planted with cabbages, revealed a scattering of flints, including several knapped flakes. Material from the site is in the Kirk Collection [1932: 2812-2942], which is held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. DOW 011:029 Jope 1966, 69.

BALLYEWRY: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 11; IG 149; J 5360 7050 Three flints were collected from a field, overlooking Cunningburn Mill in June 2000. All were patinated. One was a convex end scraper. DOW 011:032 McErlean et al. 2002, 426. BALLYGARVAN: PEBBLE TOOL & FLINT FLAKE 15m OD; CS 18; IG 168; J 5900 6445 A late Mesolithic large flint flake and an elongated pebble tool were recovered during a planned surface artefact collection by the Ulster Archaeological Society in 2012. The late Professor Woodman dated these to the later Mesolithic and the finds are held at QUB. DOW 018:038 Welsh 2012.

BALLYEDMOND: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) & FLINTS 20m OD; CS 54; IG 283; J 2057 1509 This is a much mutilated, single-chambered megalithic tomb, which is probably a court tomb, set almost centrally within an oval cairn. Entry was between two uprights, 163

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND as to the exact location of the Mesolithic site, which produced the artefacts in 1919. These are now part of the Patterson Collection within the Ulster Museum in Belfast. Four further flints were found here by Sir Robert Staples and donated to the Armagh County Museum. DOW 001:030 Jope 1966, 69 and Fig. 5; Weatherup 1978, 26. BALLYHAFT: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 11; IG 149; J 5220 7130 A small group of patinated flints were recovered at this site in 2000. All flints were prehistoric, but no specific phase could be attributed. DOW 011:033 McErlean et al. 2002, 427.

Plate 43: Ballygarvan Pebble Tool (DOW 018:038) Harry Welsh

BALLYHANWOOD: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 120m OD; CS 5/10; IG 147; J 4000 7200 This site was reported in Jope (1966), described as ‘a biconical cup (Kavanagh 15) found with cremated bone.’ This site has not been precisely located, but the pottery is held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 1911:316]. DOW [Not in SMR] Jope 1966, 60; Waddell 1990, 75. BALLYHOLME: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 2; IG 116; J 5221 8237 Ballyholme Bay is a broad cove with a sandy beach, situated east of Bangor and exposed to the north. At approximately the centre of the curve of the beach, Mesolithic flints were found. These were included in the William Grey Collection, which is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 1013/1]. The beach is a popular picnic and bathing place during the summer, when it is regularly cleaned by a mechanical device. DOW 002:028 Jope 1966, 69 and Fig. 5.

Figure 222: Ballygarvan Pebble Tool (DOW 018:038) Libby Mulqueeny, QUB BALLYGARVAN: ASSEMBLAGE 15m OD; CS 18; IG 168; J 5910 6520 Woodman reported the existence of flints from a small midden, in a coastal field within this townland. Flints comprised mainly knapping debris, a core borer and a core axe. Also recovered was a rolled, elongated smooth pebble, damaged at one end. All appeared to be late Mesolithic. The items are currently held at the Down County Museum in Downpatrick and the Ulster Museum in Belfast. DOW 018:035 Woodman 1978, 298; McErlean et al. 2002, 426-427.

BALLYHOLME: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 2; IG 116; J 5200 8200+ Eight flint flakes were found here and donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast. Three were pointed and leafshaped [UM 68-70.1958]. DOW [Not in SMR] Flanagan et al. 1959, 43-55.

BALLYGILBERT: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 15m OD; CS 45; IG 242; J 5137 3768 In 1964, on a low ridge, a cist grave was found, in the course of agricultural work. A local informant, who was aged seventy-four, related that he found pottery inside the stone structure and that this pottery remains with his neighbours, the Seed family. This included a sherd from a cordoned urn, which the family intend to donate to the Ulster Museum in Belfast. DOW 045:038

BALLYKEEL: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 92m OD; CS 1; IG 115; J 4108 7816 This was a ring ditch, which was excavated in 1965.The site is now overgrown, with no visible remains. The ditch formed a circle c. 8.2m in diameter and was approximately 1.5m wide and 0.75m deep. A sherd of pottery was recovered from the primary ditch fill. This was probably from a Bronze Age urn. A number of circular depressions were uncovered near the outer edge of the ditch, with a fragment of a possible stone pillar measuring 0.45m in length. DOW 001:033 Woodman 1985, 128-130.

BALLYGROT: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 1; IG 115; J 4569 8334 The coast along this stretch of Belfast Lough, west of Grey Point, is quite rugged, consisting of a cliff face, dropping steeply c.15m to sea level. Outcropping rocks, interspersed with clumps of gorse and scrub, are cut through by the coastal path. The upper part of the point is now occupied by Grey Point fort, built in 1904. Modern housing lies behind the fort. There is no clear indication 164

INVENTORY BALLYKEEL: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 90m OD; CS 1; IG 115; J 4150 7840 In 1911 a collared urn was reported to have been found at Glen View Farm, or Glenview Farm. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 1911:337]. Woodman suggested that there may well be other Bronze Age burials within this area. DOW [Not in SMR] Jope 1966; ApSimon 1969, 64; Woodman 1985, 128-130.

BALLYLOUGHAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 15m OD; CS 10; IG 148; J 4468 7051 This site is on the floor of the Enler Valley, west of the river and the old railway line and on flat ground, within a field close to the entrance from the main Belfast/Comber Road. The site is marked on the third and fourth editions of the OS 6-inch map as Urns found (AD 1885). DOW 010:057

BALLYKINLER UPPER: FLINTS 5m OD; CS 44; IG 240; J 4300 3600 A flint axe fragment and a side scraper were found here. In 1959 they were purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast and formed part of the W.A. Green Collection. DOW [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1960, 41-60.

BALLYLOUGHLIN: FLINT SCRAPER 20m OD; CS 43; IG 255; J 3850 3350+ A flint end scraper was reported to have been found in the sand dunes at Ballyloughlin. It measured 5.1cm in length and 2.3cm in width. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 247.1957]. DOW [Not in SMR] Lucas et al. 1958, 115-152.

BALLYKINLER UPPER: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 5m OD; CS 44; IG 240; J 4200 3500 Sherds of collared urn pottery were found here. The sherds are currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. DOW [Not in SMR] ApSimon 1969, 65.

BALLYMACARRETT INTAKE: FLINT FLAKE 20m OD; CS 4; IG 147; J 3550 7500+ A flint flake was found at Annadale. It measured 6.3cm in length and 3.8cm in width and tapered to a point. It was donated to Armagh County Museum. DOW [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 26.

BALLYKINLER UPPER: BRONZE RAPIER 5m OD; CS 44; IG 240; J 4110 3670 This trapeze-butted rapier, with two notches and a tapering blade, was found at Dundrum Inner Bay. Weighing 256.6g, it was found in sandy silt, 150m south of a causeway. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A9.1980]. DOW [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1980, 21-27.

BALLYMACORMICK: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 2; IG 116; J 5315 8350 This site is located in two frequently cultivated fields of heavy clay, enclosed by low stone banks and hedges. On the top of and also on the inland side of an exposed beach, numerous waste flakes and several flint cores have been found. In the field to the west, several flints have been found, many of which have secondary working. These flints appear to be Neolithic in date. DOW 002:037 *BALLYMAGINAGHY: BRONZE AXE HEAD 138m OD; CS 45; IG 239; J 3104 3871 On the edge of a ridge, with steep drops to the north and east, a rath is enclosed by a bank measuring 5.5m wide, 3m high externally and 1.5m internally. There is some revetment on the inner edge of the bank at the north. There is no ditch. The interior slopes down to the northeast from a fairly level area at the west. A souterrain is partly visible above ground, just south of the centre and is blocked with cut thorn trees. There are displaced lintels nearby. In 1938 a bronze flanged axe head was found here during farming activities. It had been employed for a time chopping kindling by the owner, until it was examined by Estyn Evans. It was subsequently donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast. DOW 043:004 Evans 1944, 98-99.

Figure 223: Ballykinler Upper rapier (Not in SMR) (after Flanagan 1980, 24)

165

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND slot. The archaeological remains in Area Gi centre on a small, circular, post-built house, which measured c.4m in diameter. Finds from this feature are of the late Neolithic period and include decorated pottery and various flint tools, including a plano-convex knife. Other features in the vicinity, from mostly non-structural pits, produced items of similar style and date, although a number of features have produced finer quality pottery, attributable to the early Neolithic. The recovery of a sherd of distinctive Beaker pottery indicates a Bronze Age date DOW [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2009. BALLYMAGLAVE SOUTH: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 100m OD; CS 29; IG 204; J 3700 5100+ A small bronze, kite-bladed spearhead, socketed with loops, was found in the garden of Mr Johnstone, who donated it to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A131.1966]. DOW [Not in SMR] Flanagan et al. 1968, 33-52.

Figure 224: Ballymaginaghy Axe Head (DOW 043:004) (after Evans 1944, Pl. XIII) BALLYMAGLAFF: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 5; IG 148; J 4291 7270 This site was located on the banks of the Enler River, in the area of the bridge, which carries the Greengraves Road and which extends west to beyond the disused railway. The soil is light and stony, with a fair amount of natural flint pieces on the surface and also a number of knapped flints and cores. The site has produced large numbers of struck flints, typical of the early Mesolithic period (c.7000-5000 BC). An examination of a sample of soil from the site revealed evidence of occupation, as proved by the presence of charcoal, burnt bone and flint bladelets. DOW 005:058 Carr 1985, 122-123; Carr 1987, 160-161.

Figure 226: Ballymaglave South Spearhead (Not in SMR) (after Flanagan et al. 1968, 46) BALLYMALADY: STONE AXE HEAD 62m OD; CS 10; IG 148; J 4390 6810 This Neolithic stone axe head was reported to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM RS 1996.4]. It is currently in private ownership. DOW 010:081 McErlean et al. 2002, 442. BALLYMARTIN: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 17; IG 167; J 5090 6320 Post-war ploughing at this site uncovered hundreds of Mesolithic worked flints, mainly small blades, throughout surface soil layers. A small excavation was carried out, to try to establish their relationship to the raised beach. Eleven flints were found during excavation and of these, only three were in situ. However, some charcoal may point to temporary human habitation, while manufacturing small blades. Many other Mesolithic sites have been identified along the western shore of Strangford Lough.

Figure 225: Ballymaglaff Flints (DOW 005:058) (after Carr 1985, 122) BALLYMAGLAFF: ASSEMBLAGE 23m OD; CS 5; IG 148; J 4277 7253 This site, also referred to as Coopersland, was investigated prior to a housing development. Excavation revealed a pair of concentric slot-trenches, which are interpreted as the remains of a house, measuring c.15m in diameter. A possible hammerstone was recovered from the wall 166

INVENTORY BALLYNACRAIG: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) & FLINTS 80m OD; CS 46; IG 266; J 0961 2731 An archaeological excavation was carried out on a site at Fullerton Road in Newry, prior to development. A series of small pits, stake holes, linear ditches and charcoalrich deposits were excavated, although the site was heavily truncated, with only the bases of features remaining. Pottery finds included some belonging to the early Neolithic. Flints found also indicate a Neolithic date, while radiocarbon dates from within the features, provided dates ranging 2460-170 BC. This indicates the use of the area over a long period of time. No structural pattern of the features was visible, but it is apparent that the stake holes and pits represent prehistoric activity, possibly over several millennia, while the ditches are later and may relate to agricultural activity [GUARD 2003]. DOW 046:052 Sneddon et al. 2005, 1-11.

DOW 017:017 Stephens et al. 1960, 41-77; Jope 1966, 69, No.24, 70 and Figs 5-6; McErlean et al., 2002, 427. *BALLYMARTIN: DECORATED STONE 15m OD; CS 17; IG 167; J 5076 6285 In the north-eastern corner of a field is a large boulder, aligned north-west/south-east along its longest side. It measured 2.3m in length, 1.2m in width and stood 1.1m in height. On the long face towards the road and c.0.5m down from the top of the stone, is a circular cupmarked depression, which is similar to the cup-marks found on Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments. In 1992, the owner said there was no special name for the stone, but no attempt had ever been made to move it. His father had always ploughed around it. The site was revisited in 2001 and found to be much the same, except that the surrounding ground was no longer ploughed. Demolition of buildings and subsequent ground works at Ardmillan, north-east of the stone, were carried out under archaeological supervision. No evidence of earlier structures was identified, within the fabric of the existing buildings. Trial trenches were excavated across the development site after demolition. No evidence of archaeological deposits was observed [G&L May 2005]. A second evaluation, comprising six test trenches, was carried out prior to development works south-west of the stone and its scheduled area. No evidence of archaeological deposits was found [G&L 2008]. DOW 017:031

BALLYNACRAIG: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 80m OD; CS 46; IG 266; J 0950 2700+ This site was reported in Jope , as being from Newry. It was described by Waddell (1990) as an encrusted urn, which had been found with cremated bones and a biconical cup. The pottery is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 3931:K1 & 3934: K5]. The site has not been precisely located. DOW [Not in SMR] Jope61; Waddell 1990, 80.

BALLYMARTIN: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 17; IG 167; J 5090 6310 Two heavily patinated and rolled flint flakes were recovered on the beach, immediately below habitation site DOW 017:017, which is also in Ballymartin townland. One flint appeared to be Mesolithic. DOW 017:034

BALLYNACRAIG: BRONZE KNIFE & SPEARHEADS (2) 80m OD; CS 46; IG 266; J 0950 2700+ A bronze knife was reported to have been found at Newry. It had been attributed to the late Bronze Age. It was classified as of the Thorndon Type and is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI W/202]. A bronze, socket-looped spearhead and a pegged spearhead were also found ‘near Newry’ and are held at Manchester Museum in England. DOW [Not in SMR] Hodges 1956, 29-56; Neill 2009, 592.

BALLYMISERT: ASSEMBLAGE 20m OD; CS 4; IG 130; J 3828 7622 This site, also known as Glendhu, was excavated when road works exposed a shell midden. The site had been greatly disturbed by bulldozers, but some material, particularly in a garden beside the road, remained in situ. The finds recovered, suggested settlement in the Mesolithic and again in the Bronze Age. The Mesolithic finds included some Bann flakes and an axe of polished chert, placing it in the later Mesolithic. Finds also included pottery from the early Bronze Age and some worked flint. DOW 004:005 Woodman 1985, 31-40.

BALLYNADRONE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 40m OD; CS 13; IG 183; J 1300 5900+ This monument is possibly in Ballymakeonan or Ballymagin townlands. This site was reported in Jope (1966), as a small cup found inside a larger urn, which is now lost. This site has not been precisely located. DOW [Not in SMR] Jope , 60; Waddell 1990, 79. BALLYNADRONE: STONE AXE HEAD 40m OD; CS 13; IG 182/183; J 1300 5900+ A porcellanite axe head was reported to have been found here. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 68.08]. DOW [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-60.

BALLYMISERT: FLINT FLAKE 20m OD; CS 4; IG 130; J 3800 7600+ A flint flake was discovered at a location known as Pollock’s Field by Sir Robert Staples. It was plano-convex, measuring 9.5cm in length and 2.8cm in width, with a maximum thickness of 0.9cm. It tapered to a point at each end. It was donated to Armagh County Museum. DOW [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 26. 167

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND BALLYNAFOY: FLINTS 10m OD; CS 4; IG 147; J 3420 7230 This site, now Agra Street, Belfast, is mentioned by Robert Day in 1868, in a letter, when he was presenting a number of flint flakes from various sites to the Ulster Museum in Belfast. The site was investigated by Adams in 1898, when he found a large number of flakes, cores, scrapers, a leafshaped arrowhead, a flint axe head and a knife. The site is recorded in the SMR as Mesolithic, but the later finds suggest Neolithic activity here also. DOW 004:003 Day 1868, 147-168; Adams 1898, 5-8.

Plate 44: Ballynagross Lower Cist (DOW 038:040) (after Evans 1935)

Figure 227: Ballynafoy Flints (DOW 004:003) (after Adams 1898, 7) BALLYNAGARRICK: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 30m OD; CS 19; IG 201; J 0616 5182 This burial was identified in a trench, located behind the Presbyterian Church in Newmills. In the eastern corner of the development site were the remains of a funerary urn. It was a broken, but apparently complete vessel of coarse fabric, with incised decoration. There was no sign of a cordon. It measured c.0.35m in diameter at the rim. It appeared to have been disturbed, prior to this development, as there were old fractures, with large pieces of cremated bone and soil visible through the breaks in the base of the pot. There were no signs of a cist, as the burial seemed to have been inserted into a circular pit. The pit measured 1m in diameter at the top, narrowing to 0.6m at the base and 0.4m in depth. DOW 019:012 BALLYNAGROSS LOWER: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 31m OD; CS 38; IG 225; J 5347 4412 A cist burial was revealed following the removal of soil from a mound barrow in 1935. The site was then investigated by Professor Evans, who found cremated human bones and an intact food vessel. The bones were analysed by Professor Walmsley of Queen’s University, who determined the remains to be that of an adult male. The food vessel was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 743.1934]. DOW 038:040 Evans and Gaffikin 1935, 141-146; Jope 1966, 59-60, No. 15; ApSimon 1969, 60; Waddell 1990, 76.

Figure 228: Plan of Ballynagross Lower Cist (DOW 038:040) (after Evans 1935) 168

INVENTORY second capstone. Additional stones shown in outline are apparently not bedded deeply; their original position in the structure cannot be determined with any certainty, though there is an early, and probably untrustworthy, account of a complete ring of stones standing round the tomb in the eighteenth century. Excavations at the tomb in 1917 proved that it had been disturbed by earlier digging. Abundant traces of cremated bone were found within it. It is part of a ritual complex in this area, including cists, barrows and a huge timber enclosure with structures as well as burials to the north-west. DOW 009:036 Harris and Smith 1744, 200 and 218; Gray 1884, 317-408; Gray 1890, 164-165; Borlase 1897, Vol.1, 275; Hobson and Hobson 1907, 87-88; MacAdam 1855, 358; Chart 1940, 8687; Collins 1957, 44-50; Evans Field Notebook IV, 123; Jope 1966, 98-101; Addyman 1967.

Plate 45: Ballynagross Lower Bowl (DOW 038:040) (after Evans 1935)

BALLYNAHATTY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 20m OD; CS 9; IG 147; J 3238 6789 This ‘subterraneous chamber’ [megalithic tomb] was discovered in 1855, north-west of the Giant’s Ring (DOW 009:036). It was circular, measuring 2.1m in diameter, with a floor and roof of flagstones. The interior was divided into a central area, with six ‘cist like enclosures’ around the sides. These contained human and animal bones, some burnt, some not and also cinerary urns. The entrance, at the east, measured 0.6m wide and was closed with loose flags. Two intact human skulls were among the bones found. Both were adult females. The precise location of the chamber is now unknown. The finds are held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI Wk 534]. DOW 009:037 MacAdam 1855, 358; Chart 1940, 86-87; ApSimon 1969, 64.

BALLYNAHATTEN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 31m OD; CS 57; IG 284; J 2846 1233 This is a portal tomb, also known as Loughananka. It is on the summit of a low eminence with fine, unrestricted views all around. The site was levelled when Greencastle Aerodrome was extended during World War II. Evans records a small portal tomb, with a pair of portal stones 1.2 m in height, with side and end stones 0.6m-0.9m in height. The chamber measured 1.8m square, but at the time of the survey in 1942, the capstone was missing. The chamber was set slightly off-centre from an oval cairn, which measured 10m in length and 6.5m in width. A sherd of a food vessel and some cremated bone were found within the chamber. DOW 057:007 Chart 1940, 142; Evans 1948, 43-47; Evans Field Notebook IV, 77-78; Evans 1967, 227 No. 35; Ó’Nualláin 1983, 81 and 96.

BALLYNAHATTY: ASSEMBLAGE 20m OD; CS 9; IG 147; J 3200 6700 Cists were said to be found in the area north-west of the Giant’s Ring, in the same field as several other finds, including an unclassified megalithic tomb (DOW 009:051) and a burial cairn (DOW 009:052). They were described in UJA as ‘formed of stone slabs and having a slab at the bottom and one as a lid. These in most cases contained urns. The coffins were all shorter than a man. In one of the urns was found a skull… in each of 2 others, bones, and a stone implement.’ These implements are most likely stone hammers and are described as ‘a black stone, 6” [15cm] long, knobbed at each end and hollowed between, with a small hole passing through the centre… the other was a yellow stone tapering at each end… and pierced in like manner at the centre with a small hole.’ Other finds, which were mentioned, included flint arrowheads and stone axes. DOW 009:053 MacAdam 1855, 358; Chart 1940, 87.

**BALLYNAHATTY: FLINTS 49m OD; CS 9; IG 147; J 3272 6770 This site is also known as The Giant’s Ring. It is a large circular embanked enclosure, measuring in excess of 180m in diameter, crest to crest of bank, with an inner ditch. The bank averages about 18m in width and has a height of about 3.6m. A section cut through the bank in 1954 showed it to be built of gravel and small boulders, retained on the inner edge by a revetment of boulders and on the outer edge by a low, clay-covered bank. The material for the whole bank had been obtained by skimming the surface of the enclosed circular area for some distance inside the inner edge of the bank, thus removing up to 1.5m or 1.8m of the glacial drift subsoil. A surface indication of this quarrying shows as a broad shallow depression within the southern sector of the ring. Much flaking of flint, including a rough-out for a leaf-shaped arrowhead, had been carried out in the shelter of the bank soon after its completion. In the centre of the enclosure are the remains of a passage tomb, built of basaltic boulders. Five uprights enclose a polygonal chamber, which is roofed by a single capstone. A slipped stone, now lying on edge, may have been a

BALLYNAHINCH: STONE MOULDS 80m OD; CS 22; IG 204; J 3700 5300+ This was a medium-grained sandstone block, measuring 23cm in length, 16.5cm in width and 10cm in thickness. Within this block there were three complete moulds 169

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND and also one mould, which was unfinished. These stone moulds were designed for the manufacture of flat axe heads, with narrow butts and expanding cutting edges. It was reported to have originated at Ballynahinch, but is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [1911.1121]. DOW [Not in SMR] Collins 1970, 23-36.

an adult. With these, were numerous small potsherds, which included normal plain Western Neolithic wares and also two very small fragments of Beaker pottery. Other artefacts, which were found, included a flint hollow scraper and a worked stone. The finds are held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. DOW 010:041 Collins 1956, 115-120; Evans Field Notebook IX; Jope 1966, 73; Chart, 1940. BALLYNICHOL: BRONZE AXE HEAD 15m OD; CS 32; IG 206; J 6054 4997 In 1879, a bronze axe head was found in this field, which lies on the eastern slope of a ridge, rising to 31m at its crest. At the time of this survey, the field was seeded with barley. Local inquiries produced no knowledge of an axe having been found here, although there is some tradition of burials in the field. No details of these could be recalled. DOW 032:011 **BALLYNOE: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) 15m OD; CS 37; IG 224; J 4813 4038 Ballynoe stone circle consists essentially of three elements. The first is a circular setting of closely spaced standing stones, with several associated outliers. Second is a short arc of standing stones, placed concentrically within the western side of the circle. Third is an oval mound, also placed concentrically within the circle. The mound is encircled by a kerb of upright stones and its longer axis appears to bisect the arc setting of stones. Partial excavation in 1937-1938, under the direction of Dr A.E. van Giffen, revealed that the oval mound was of earth, which covered a low cairn of stones, some 0.75m-0.9m high. Set into the end of the longer axis of the oval mound was a rectangular cist, which was built of flat slabs and contained cremated bones, unaccompanied by grave-goods. In the old ground surface, between the cairn edge and the kerb, were several small oval boulders set upright on their longer axes, reminiscent of the oval pebbles at Millin Bay. It was reported that, between the mound and the main circle, were uncovered in the subsoil small pockets, containing cremated material accompanied by ‘coarse sherds of developed Neolithic character’. One sherd, which has survived from the excavation, is generally comparable with the bowl from Millin Bay. The land beyond the fence line has been ploughed and according to a local informant, quantities of Neolithic pottery have been found there. DOW 037:035 Chart 1940, 120-121; Collins and Waterman 1955, 46-48; Evans Field Notebook IV, 88-89; Jope 1966, 87-89 and figs. 57-60 and Pl.7; Addyman 1967; Burl 1995, 191-192.

Figure 229: Ballynahinch Stone Moulds (Not in SMR) (after Collins 1970, 24) BALLYNAHINCH: HORSE TACK 80m OD; CS 22; IG 204; J 3700 5300+ An early Iron Age bronze horse bit, classified as Type B, was reported to have been found here. It was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 1910.645]. DOW [Not in SMR] Haworth 1971, 26-49. BALLYNANNY: FLINTS 308m OD; CS 48; IG 268; J 2630 2680 This site is now covered by the Spelga Dam, although this area of the Mourne Mountains was surveyed, before flooding. This site was described as ‘under the water is another area where the old land surface was exposed and here a number of flints were collected’. DOW 048:043 Evans and Proudfoot 1958, 127-131. BALLYNICHOL: ASSEMBLAGE 31m OD; CS 10; IG 167; J 4592 6688 Five large stones, which were known locally as the Five Sisters and also as the Hand of Jacks, stand in an arc. Excavation in 1955 revealed this to be the surviving part of the forecourt of a court tomb. No traces of the cairn were recovered. However, the deliberate destruction of the burial gallery, by digging a trench along its axis and therein burying the stones, was revealed. A few traces of the burial deposit were recovered. The cremated bone fragments found were considered to be the remains of

BALLYRAINEY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 30m OD; CS 5/10; IG 148; J 4400 4200+ This site was reported in the Archaeological Survey of County Down, which recorded ‘four urns discovered, maybe several more…some mouth upward, some mouth downwards…two cordoned urns (Kavanagh 22 and 64) survive.’ This site has not been precisely located. The 170

INVENTORY urns are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 249:1900]. DOW [Not in SMR] Jope 1966, 62; Waddell 1990, 76.

a stone-built kiln like structure’. Sherds of collared urn pottery were found and are currently held at HED. There are no visible surface remains today and the fields are now in pasture. DOW 030:031 Jope 1966, 100; ApSimon 1969, 65.

BALLYRAWER: GOLD TORC 30m OD; CS 6/7; IG 149; J 5900 7250+ This bar-twisted gold torc was discovered in a bog near Carrowdore. Carrowdore is not a townland, but sits astride the two townlands of Ballyrawer and Sloanstown. DOW [Not in SMR] Waddell 1998, 193.

*BALLYROGAN: ASSEMBLAGE 62m OD; CS 55; IG 284; J 2818 1601 This is also in Mourne Park townland and is known as Giant’s Grave. At the base of a low hillock, on which is standing stone DOW 055:023, the site consists of a court 10.5m in width and 4m in depth, which opens into a gallery 2m in length and c.1.5m in width, divided into two chambers by a pair of jambs. The eastern entrance portal to the main gallery is a fine granite pillar, with its western portal broken. The first chamber, measuring 2.7m in length and 1.5m in width, is defined by orthostatic walls. The second chamber is in poorer condition. It measured 1.8m in length and 1.5m in width. The impression of a parallel gallery to the east is probably false. Finds included pottery, flints and a blue glass bead. The artefacts are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. DOW 055:022 Davies 1938, 18-26; Chart 1940, 139; Evans 1967, 226 No. 27 and Field Notebook VII, 43; Jope 1966, 77 and fig.12.

BALLYREAGH: FLINTS 5m OD; CS 6; IG 148; J 5120 7204 This site is located on the eastern shore of Strangford Lough, where the foreshore is stony, with estuarine mud flats. The Newtownards to Portaferry Road runs beside the shore and on the inland side, flat ground extends to a raised beach some 100m inland. Mr Ted Griffiths of Ards Historical Society reported finding some Mesolithic flints at this spot. Such material has been found, on a number of other shore sites around the lough and also on some of the islands. Forty-four miscellaneous flints were found at a raised beach here and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 681-724.1961]. DOW 006:011 Prendergast and Lucas 1962, 139-173; McErlean et al. 2002, 428.

BALLYSALLAGH MINOR: ASSEMBLAGE 77m OD; CS 1; IG 131; J 4608 7858 An archaeological monitoring was conducted, along the proposed route of a new water main. The excavation identified six spreads, two linear ditches and a modern ceramic field drain. Neolithic flints, as well as middle to late Bronze Age pottery found on the site, suggested usage of this area at various points in time. The most significant feature was a curvilinear ditch, which had been re-cut multiple times. DOW [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2007.

BALLYREAGH: FLINTS 5m OD; CS 6; IG 148/149; J 5120 7200 This site is also known as Gaw’s Wall. Several butttrimmed flint flakes were recovered from this site. These flints are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. DOW 006:033 Woodman 1978, 302. BALLYREGAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 30m OD; CS 5; IG 130; J 4165 7437 The archaeological monitoring of topsoil stripping, at a proposed car park site, revealed evidence of archaeological activity. Subsequently, the excavation of the site revealed traces of a circular house, which consisted of a wall slot, measuring 6.76m in diameter. The lack of any stone packing or other means of supporting a substantial wall, suggested it might have been a makeshift structure. Two post holes survived inside the house. Outside the house were two pits, both of which contained pottery, dating to the late Bronze Age, c.1200-600 BC [G&L 2004]. DOW 005:087 Excavations.ie, 2006.

BALLYSTOCKART: FLINTS 62m OD; CS 10; IG 148; J 4305 7062 This site was uncovered, during work to extend Ballystockart Quarry in 2011. Five test trenches uncovered two curving wall slots located 5m apart, along with a series of post holes and pits. Further excavation revealed two conjoined circular slot-constructed features, which measured 5m in diameter, with a slot width of approximately 0.5m. To the south of this was a D-shaped post-built feature, measuring 8m in length and 5m in width, with a possible hearth at its centre. Outliers included a series of pits, post holes and spreads, ranging from 0.3m to 1.5m in diameter. To the east and south was a north-north-west/south-south-east double linear feature, comprising two ditches, approximately 0.8m wide and located 1.8m apart. This was transected by, or ran into, another, slightly wider, east-north-east/westsouth-west-running ditch at its southern end. Another trench revealed an oval slot or ditch feature, measuring some 35m east/west and 25m north/south. The full extent of the outer enclosure was difficult to determine

BALLYRENAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 24m OD; CS 30; IG 224; J 4700 4720 This site is known locally as Skillens Pipe. It is located to the south of the junction of the Ballynahinch Road and the Belfast Road, on either side of a stream, which flows east into Strangford Lough. Jope (1966) states that the site, exposed in 1964, ‘appears to have been extensive. Apart from a widespread scatter of burnt soil and stone there were noted several postholes, a clay-lined pit and 171

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND in its eastern portion, as bedrock was exposed very close to the surface in this area. The mechanical stripping left a poorly defined surface, necessitating hand investigation. It did appear, however, that a terminus may be present in the south-eastern corner of this enclosure. The outer ditch measured approximately 0.75m in width and contained a series of internal features, the most obvious of which was another curving ditch, extending towards the northern stretch of the outer ditch. As well as this, there were a series of other internal pits, post holes and slots, requiring further hand definition and investigation. To the east of the enclosure were a large charcoal-rich spread and a series of pits. One piece of dating evidence was recovered from the surface of the outer ditch. This was a thumbnail scraper, which is a worked flint tool, dating probably from the late Neolithic or early Bronze Age. DOW [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2011.

low transverse ridge, probably to provide grip for the occupant, while rowing. The vessel’s features are not unique to its maritime context and a good comparison would be that from Holme Bay, Lower Lough Erne. The vessel has been radiocarbon dated to the Neolithic period (3499-3022 cal. BC; GrN-25435). MRD 168:152 Fry 2000, 47; Excavations.ie, 2002; Forsythe and Gregory 2007, 6-13.

BALLYSTOKES: STONE AXE HEADS (4) 31m OD; CS 38; IG 225; J 5252 4587 Four polished stone axes and a disturbed cist burial were found at various times, in a field north-east of Ballystokes clachan. The cist had been found during ploughing in the 1930s. According to a local informant, the cist was disturbed, revealing charcoal and human bone. The cist was in a low-lying part of the field, overlooked by higher ground. DOW 038:047 BALLYURNANELLAN: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 11; IG 149; J 5660 6720 This site is also known as Mid Island. Flints were recovered from an area, overlying the raised beach. They were classified generally as Mesolithic, with some items belonging to the early Mesolithic period. The flints are currently held at Down County Museum in Downpatrick. DOW 011:038 Woodman 1978, 299. BALLYURNANELLAN: FLINTS 6m OD; CS 11; IG 168; J 5650 6660 Both early and late Mesolithic flints have been found here. A local informant reported an oyster midden on South Island, which was situated on the top of a low ridge, towards the western end of the island, at approximately 6m OD. The site was under grass at the time of survey and nothing was observed. DOW 011:039 and MRD 168:177 McErlean et al. 2002; Murray 2004.

Plate 46: Ballyuranellan Logboat (MRD 168:152) (after Fry 2000, 10) BALLYVALLY: BRONZE HOARD 160m OD; CS 51; IG 267; J 1700 2600+ In 1843, a hoard of four bronze axe heads was reported to have been found at Ballyvally Mountain. Two of the axe heads were decorated. They are held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1916.26-29]. This find gave its name to Harbison’s Ballyvally category of axe heads. DOW [Not in SMR] Armstrong 1916-1917, 511-526; Jope 1966, 26; Harbison 1968, 42.

*BALLYURNANELLAN: LOGBOAT 0m OD; CS 11; IG 149; J 5740 6690 A logboat has been located, on the foreshore in the middle of Greyabbey Bay. The vessel is orientated east/ west and measures 9.1m in length and 70cm in width. It has a curved floor and its sides survive to a maximum height of c.20cm. The western end of the vessel is more complete than the east and it features a rounded internal bevel. Approximately 0.7m from this end, there is a 172

INVENTORY BALLYWARREN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 31m OD; CS 38; IG 225; J 5172 4218 In the late 1950s, while ploughing in the ‘Standing stone Field’, the then owner found a pot, which disintegrated upon discovery and is now lost. There is a ridge running north-west/south-east through the field, with excellent views to the south. There is now no indication of a standing stone, nor any trace of barrows or burial mounds along the ridge. Ground works, involved in creating a new driving range west of the site, were carried out under archaeological supervision. A field boundary was removed and the topsoil was stripped to facilitate ground reduction. No artefacts or any features of archaeological significance were uncovered during this work (G & L, March 2007). DOW 038:053 BALLYWATTICOCK: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 11; IG 149; J 5200 7210 This site is also known as White Pillar. Flints, which include several butt-trimmed flakes and a core axe, have been recovered from this location. DOW 011:050 Woodman 1978, 302.

Figure 230: Ballyvally Axe Heads (Not in SMR) (after Armstrong 1916-1917, Pl. XLVI) BALLYVESTER: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 20m OS; CS 6/7; IG 132; J 5700 7700 The Archaeological Survey of County Down records a cist, which contained a cremation and a vase. Apparently there was some cremated bone inside the vessel. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 260:1947]. DOW [Not in SMR] Jope 1966, 60; ApSimon 1969, 62; Waddell 1990, 76.

BALLYWILLIAM: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINT KNIFE 10m OD; CS 2; IG 116; J 5720 8190 This site was reported by Milligan in 1907. During the construction of a house for Mr David Ross, which is probably Starmore House, workmen uncovered a cist, measuring 0.7m in length, 0.5m in width and 0.7m below ground level. It was covered by a capstone, which was estimated to be approximately 1m in length. Inside the cist were four urns, estimated at approximately 0.2m in height. One of the urns was highly decorated and contained a quantity of cremated bone and a flint knife. The cist was dismantled and taken to the Canon Grainger Museum in Belfast. A standing stone (probably Portavoe DOW 002:013) was reported to be visible in the next field. DOW [Not in SMR] Milligan 1907, 310; ApSimon 1969, 62.

BALLYWADDAN: FLINTS 10m OD; CS 24; IG 187; J 5870 5610 This was a small collection of patinated flints, which appeared to be Mesolithic. The only diagnostic artefact is a fragment of an early Mesolithic core axe. DOW 024:051 Woodman 1978, 298. BALLYWALLON: FLINTS 20m OD; CS 25; IG 187; J 5940 5540 This was a small collection of patinated flints, which included a late Mesolithic butt-trimmed flake. The flints are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. DOW 025:037 Woodman 1978, 298.

BALLYWILLIAM: HAMMER STONE & FLINTS 17m OD; CS 2; IG 112; J 5736 8043 In 2006, monitored topsoil stripping was carried out, in advance of the construction of the Donaghadee water treatment works. Excavation revealed the presence of four troughs, seven pits, one stake hole and one spread of burnt mound material. The troughs all contained large quantities of heat-fractured sandstone and basalt. One trough contained the impressions and charred remains of a plank and lath base. It appears that the sides were, at least partially, sealed by a layer of sticky clay. Although these features produced no artefacts, a small number of pieces of struck flint and one quartzite hammer stone were recovered from the surrounding area, during the monitored topsoil removal. DOW [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2006; Chapple 2007, 21-38.

BALLYWALTER: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 30m OD; CS 38; IG 225; J 5490 4490 A stone cist was found in the course of ploughing c.1946. An urn, which was found inside the cist, fell to pieces in the hand. The surrounding ground appeared burnt. The site cannot now be located. DOW 038:042 BALLYWALTER: BRONZE KNIFE 30m OD; CS 38; IG 225; J 5500 4450+ A Bronze Age socketed knife was found in the Ballywalter area. It is now held at the Pitt Rivers Museum in Farnham in Dorset. DOW [Not in SMR] Jope 1966, 67.

173

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND *BEGNY: DECORATED STONE 192m OD; CS 29; IG 203; J 3059 5004 This site is in a commanding position, on the edge of a broad ridge, which drops 31m or more to Lough Begny, to the south. The stone stands in the barbed wire boundary, between a farmyard and a field of pasture. It is a large Silurian boulder, with its long axis measuring 2.2m north/south and 0.9m in width. Its wedge shaped top measured 2.3m in height at the north and 1.7m in height at the south. The stone is pitted all over with small cup marks, c.3cm deep and 2cm-8cm in diameter. The size of the stone suggests that it could be an orthostat from a portal tomb, although there is no trace of one. DOW 029:013

DOW 012:020 McErlean et al. 2002, 430. BOOTOWN [NEWTOWNARDS]: BRONZE GOUGE & RING 30m OD; CS 6; IG 131; J 5900 6700+ A bronze socketed gouge and ring were reported to have been found here. They are now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [1929/1526-1532]. DOW [Not in SMR] Hodges 1957, 60. BREDA: FLINT ARROWHEAD 100m OD; CS 9; IG 147; J 3550 6950+ A flint, leaf-shaped arrowhead, measuring 4.5cm in length, was found at Newtownbreda. It was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [407.1962]. DOW [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1964, 73-95.

BONECASTLE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 40m OD; CS 37; IG 224/241; J 4600 4400 The Archaeological Survey of County Down records a ‘collared-cordoned urn hybrid (a collared urn according to Kavanagh, 27 and Longworth 1984, no. 2223) found in a cist.’ This site has not been precisely located, but the urn is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 323:1924]. DOW [Not in SMR] Jope and Jope 1950, 61-70; Jope 1966, 61; Waddell 1990, 76.

BRICKLAND: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 50m OD; CS 34; IG 237; J 1050 4200+ This site was described by Waddell (1990), as a building of stone, which contained two great urns. The urns were said to have been broken by the excavators. This site has not been precisely located. DOW [Not in SMR] Waddell 1990. *BURREN: FLINT FLAKE 62m OD; CS 51; IG 267; J 1343 2251 This is also known as McKinley’s Flagstaff. On an east-facing slope, the site is in front of a house and has been used as a garden feature with shrubs planted in and around it. There are three other court tombs in neighbouring townlands. The site was described in Jope (1966), as a structure of two long side stones, supporting a longer granite capstone. Traces of a long cairn were visible extending south. The site was excavated in 1965, before the house was built. Only a few fragments of cremated bone and one flint flake were found. It seemed that the soil acidity had destroyed any other remains. DOW 051:031 Chart 1940, 136; Evans Field Notebook IV, 83; Jope 1966 79, fig. 46 & Pl.4.

Figure 231: Bonecastle Urn (Not in SMR) (after Jope and Jope 1950, 67)

CARNALBANAGH EAST: BRONZE KNIFE 50m OD; CS 13; IG 183; J 1500 6000+ A bronze knife was reported to have been found at Moira, which is not a townland, but sits astride three townlands: Carnalbanagh East, Carnalbanagh West and Clare. The knife was attributed to the the Dungiven Type of the late Bronze Age. Its location is currently unknown. DOW [Not in SMR] Hodges 1956, 29-56.

BOOTOWN [GREYABBEY]: FLINTS 10m OD; CS 11; IG 168; J 5200 7210 This site is also known as Bootown Bay. This was a small collection of flints, discovered near the low water mark. The only item identifiable is a core borer. These flints are mostly from the late Mesolithic, but some early Mesolithic items were also present. MRD 168:183 Woodman 1978, 299.

CARNASURE: FLINTS 20m OD; CS 10; IG 148; J 4570 6810 A few flints have been found here and some are Mesolithic. A specific period has not been determined. The flints are currently held at the Down County Museum in Downpatrick. DOW 010:079 McErlean et al. 2002, 430.

BOOTOWN [GREYABBEY]: FLINTS & STONE AXE HEAD 15m OD; CS 12; IG 168; J 5840 6640 Several Mesolithic flints have been recorded, from an area known locally as Mill Dam. A late Mesolithic stone axe was also found. It is now held at Down County Museum in Downpatrick. 174

INVENTORY CARNASURE: FLINT ARROWHEAD 50m OD; CS 10; IG 148; J 4550 6750 This Neolithic arrowhead blank is currently held at Down County Museum in Downpatrick [DCM 1986-106/1]. DOW 010:083 McErlean et al. 2002, 443.

areas did not have such a regimented structure, but there were a series of pits and post holes, which produced worked flint tools. The most northerly of the settlement areas was composed of an oval pattern of pits/post holes, with an external hearth. There were a number of pieces of worked flint, as well as areas where debitage lay in situ. DOW [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2008; 2011.

CARNMEEN: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) 37m OD; CS 46; IG 252; J 0820 3070 This site was investigated, during the construction of a new A1 Newry bypass. Area 5 consisted of a spread of burnt mound material, on a natural mound, which was encircled by a curvilinear ditch. Below this spread were a small post hole and a trough, which had three timbers lining its base. Area 10 consisted of burnt mound material, which had been disturbed by later drainage. Removal of the spread revealed a total of eight pits, a trough and to the south-west, another large pit with a post hole and also a smaller pit. To the north of the spread was a series of three troughs. There was a post hole, immediately to the south of the central trough. To the north-west of this, lay another large trough, which was surrounded by eight stake holes. The trough had two pits to its north-east and south-east end, with three post holes in association. Area 11 consisted of a stone-built, corn-drying kiln, with its flue running north-west from a large chamber. This had been disturbed by a large field boundary, which ran across the site. At the south-eastern end of the area, also disturbed by the field boundary, was a large stone dump. Elsewhere, twenty-two pits and post holes were uncovered, including a pit associated with two stake holes and a post hole at its western end. Two pits, side by side, produced prehistoric pottery, which was probably early Neolithic. Area 26 comprised a small pit with a single fill. One metre to the north of this was a medium-sized pit with three fills, which produced prehistoric pottery. There was also a field boundary, running north-east to south-west across the site. DOW [Not in SMR] Bennett 2011, 89.

CARNREAGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 114m OD; CS 14; IG 184; J 2525 5903 Monitored topsoil stripping exposed three areas of potential archaeological interest. Area 2 was a burnt spread and a possible fulachta fiadh, which measured c.12m in length and 8m in width. It contained numerous shattered burnt stones. A series of trenches was cut through the spread. These revealed a dish-shaped section, with evidence of migration downslope of a lighter charcoal material. Trenching exposed a trough, measuring 2.6m in length and 1.2m in width, with a surviving depth of 0.3m. The trough was entirely within the burnt-spread area. The position of timbers, which lined the base of the trough, was evident. There were two post holes, with a diameter of 0.56m, adjacent to the southern side of the trough. This suggested either a repair or strengthening of this side. To the south of the trough, a number of late Bronze Age pottery sherds were recovered. A partial reconstruction was possible. The pot is S-shaped in profile and flat-bottomed, with an everted rim. DOW [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie 2003. CARRICKINAB: ASSEMBLAGE 31m OD; CS 44; IG 241; J 4408 3849 This site is on the top of a small hill, with good views to the south-west. An area, known as the Altar Hollow (Penal Site DOW 044:024), lies c.100m to the east. In 1962, this cist burial was discovered during ploughing. It consisted of the cremated remains of a single adult male from the Bronze Age, c.1700-1600 BC. The cist, which occupied a pit 0.6m in depth, was paved and walled with stone slabs and covered by a large capstone. Finds included a complete Irish Bowl food vessel, a small bronze dagger, a double pointed awl and two flint scrapers. DOW 044:023 Collins et al. 1968, 16-24; Harbison 1968, 44.

CARNMEEN: POTTERY (UNCLASSIFIED) & FLINTS 30m OD; CS 46; IG 252; J 0765 3065 This site was uncovered during topsoil monitoring, in advance of a new bypass around Newry. The site was located c.4km north-north-east of the city of Newry. Five burnt mounds were discovered, each with variations in composition and layout. Four lay below alluvial material and were situated within 20m–30m of each other, along a south to north transect. These four mounds lay on top of a wood-rich and detritus-rich peat formation, which underlaid the alluvium. The fifth mound lay 1km further north. Immediately west of the accumulation of peat and alluvium, the land gradually sloped upwards, to c.5m higher than the peat level. It was at this higher level, where three possible structures were found. The most southerly of these structures involved forty stake holes, which formed an irregular oval pattern, with peripheral features following the same pattern. There was an internal hearth and flint tools. Prehistoric pottery was also retrieved during excavation. The second of these

*CARROWNACAW: FLINTS 31m OD; CS 31; IG 225; J 5437 4639 This is also known as the Long Stone. Set into the northeast corner of a field is a 3m tall pillar stone of Silurian rock, which measured 1m in width and 0.6m in thickness. Excavation revealed that the stone lay on the outer edge of a ring ditch, to which it seemed to be related. A number of worked flints was found in the ditch fill and also scattered around the surface. Pat Collins concluded that the site dated to ‘secondary Neolithic cultures.’ The ditch probably surrounded a burial, as one or two specks of cremated bone were found within the ditch. DOW 031:001 175

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND Chart 1940, 107; Collins 1957, 36-41; Evans Field Notebook IV, 67; Jope 1966, 96 and 268.

one definite entrance to the north-east, with a second possible entrance opposite the first, to the south-west. Inside the ditch was a large, misshapen pit in the centre, with a post hole to the north-east and a pit to the south of centre. The northern ditch was associated with a large, shallow pit and cut through another sizeable pit, which contained a substantial amount of pottery and flint, dating from the Bronze Age. Given the size of the pieces of pottery, which had been deposited in the pit and the lack of abrasion on their broken edges, it is likely that these were deliberately placed into the pit, indicating a ritual aspect. An anvil stone was also recovered. DOW [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2011.

CARROWREAGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 5; IG 131; J 4356 7424 This site, which includes a henge and ring barrows, was excavated by NAC in 2008, in advance of housing development. It is to the north of a scheduled henge or barrow (DOW 005:061). Close to the centre of the henge, a small pit was found. This contained an urn, with cremated human remains. A series of ring barrows was also excavated to the north and south-west of the henge monument. DOW [Not in SMR] CARROWREAGH: ASSEMBLAGE 62m OD; CS 5; IG 131; J 4366 7445 This is also known as Chapel Hill. Four small pit burials were located close to the henge monument, which was excavated at Carrowreagh in 2008 (DOW 005:000). A vast amount of decorated pottery, which appeared to be of Bronze Age date, was recovered, as well as three sherds of Western Neolithic pottery. Fragments of a quern stone were also found. DOW [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2009.

CASTLE ESPIE: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 11; IG 148; J 4874 6735 This site is in a gently sloping field, bounded by low banks and hedges, south of the Comber River estuary, on the western shore of Strangford Lough. Flints dating to the Mesolithic period, which were collected here in 1932, are now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin, forming part of the Kirk Collection 2801-2811. DOW 011:028 Jope 1966, 69. CASTLE ESPIE: FLINTS 10m OD; CS 11; IG 167; J 4970 6680 This site was originally noted in Jopeand referred to as Site 17, Castle Espie B. The flints are primarily late Mesolithic and are currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin and also the Ulster Museum in Belfast. DOW 011:029 Jope 1966, 69; McErlean et al. 2002, 431.

CARROWREAGH: POTTERY (UNCLASSIFIED) & QUERN STONE 62m OD; CS 5; IG 131; J 4366 7445 This was the excavation of an extensive site, which was being developed for private housing. Season 3 saw the investigation of three distinct areas of archaeology. Area 2 comprised a linear slot with associated pits, post holes, a hearth and four cremations with two associated post holes. The cremations, which appeared as small, circular pits and associated postholes, had been inserted into a layer of hill wash. Sherds of unidentified pottery were found associated with the cremations, while one of the cremation pits featured a capstone. In Area 3, a burnt mound and trough were located towards the southwestern corner of the site, adjacent to what may have been a palaeochannel. A series of pits, post-and stake holes, along with a vast quantity of decorated pottery, was uncovered to the east of the burnt mound. The pottery was similar to that uncovered, from a henge monument located c.150m west of Area 3. The main concentration of archaeology in Area 3 was a large, oval enclosure, which measured c.80m east/west. This was located at the highest point on the site and consisted of an enclosing ditch, with several spreads of archaeological material. Fragments of a quern stone and several sherds of pottery were recovered, during the initial investigation of the area. DOW [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2009.

CASTLE ESPIE: FLINTS 10m OD; CS 11; IG 167; J 4960 6700 This site has been classified as Mesolithic in date. Three small shell middens, along with some worked flint, were found in the same field, following ploughing. The field lies immediately to the south of a landing strip. A demolished row of houses, known locally as Red Row is nearby. The land is relatively flat, with a gentle slope down towards the shore. The middens are located slightly below 12m OD and are probably above raised beach level. Before the land reclamation of the foreshore to the north, the sites would have been on a small promontory, with the sea to the north, east and south-east. This site consists of a small localised spread of predominantly oyster shells. DOW 011:040 CASTLE ESPIE: STONE AXE HEADS (6) 10m OD; CS 11; IG 167; J 4870 6730 This site is not precisely located. Six Neolithic polished stone axes are known from this area, but two may possibly be Mesolithic. Some are in private ownership and others are held within the collections of the Ulster Museum in Belfast and the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. DOW 011:046 McErlean et al. 2002, 443.

CARRYDUFF: ASSEMBLAGE 123m OD; CS 9; IG 166; J 3486 6578 This site was discovered during excavations at 157 Mealough Road, Carryduff. The ring ditch contained 176

INVENTORY *CASTLE ESPIE: FLINTS 10m OD; CS 11; IG 167; J 4971 6708 This shell midden, largely composed of oyster shells, was uncovered during investigative works at the Castle Espie Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust Centre, near Comber. It is interspersed with flint material, which appears to be in poor condition, but some is Mesolithic in date. Excavations, at the nearby brickworks, included this shell midden. Trial trenches revealed it to be of Bronze Age date and measuring some 10m in diameter. It was comprised mainly of oyster shells, with some limpets, razors and mussels. A radiocarbon date of 2458-1933 cal. BC was obtained. It has been preserved in situ. DOW 011:055

CASTLEWARD: FLINTS 10m OD; CS 31; IG 206; J 5732 5086 The site is situated in a north-facing field, which slopes gently to the shore on the south-western shore of Strangford Lough, between Audleystown Wood to the east and Island Oske to the west. It is recorded in Jope (1966) at the grid reference above, but incorrectly in Audleystown townland instead of Castleward. The soil in the field is dark clay and contains many quite large stones, similar to those on the adjacent shore. The flints are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. DOW 031:044 Jope 1966, 69. CHAPEL ISLAND [AUDLEYSTOWN]: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 31; IG 206; J 5616 5128 Chapel Island is a small island in the south-west of Strangford Lough, lying off Audleystown townland and is approachable on foot at low tide. The surface is covered in meadowgrass. A raised beach forms a steep scarp at the northern end, typical of islands in this area. Mesolithic material has been found on the island and is recorded in Jope within the list of sites, which produced Mesolithic materials. DOW 031:011 Jope 1966, 69 (29) and Fig. 5.

*CASTLEMAHON: ASSEMBLAGE 92m OD; CS 31; IG 225; J 5508 4699 On a terrace, south-west of the summit of Castlemahon Mountain, with extensive views north and west, this stone circle was discovered in the early 1950s. It appeared on the ground as three standing stones c.1m in height and rather widely spaced. Excavation revealed that the diameter of the circle measured between 19m and 20m. There are five stones and one socket. A large circular pit and a small cist were found almost at its centre. The pit had contained a fire, which had been smothered by clay. A very small cist contained what is probably a cremated child. It also contained a burnt flint knife, sherds of Western Neolithic pottery and worked flint. DOW 031:022 Collins 1956, 1-10; Jope 1966, 92-93 and fig. 63; Burl 1995, 193.

*CHAPEL ISLAND [GREYABBEY]: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 11; IG 149; J 5550 6770 This is an oyster midden, measuring approximately 0.2m in thickness, at the northern end of the island, located on or just above a raised beach. A small group of flints from the island was recorded by Woodman, but their present location is unknown. DOW 011:012 and MRD 149:015 Woodman 1978, 298 and 302; McErlean et al. 2002, 486487; Murray 2004.

CASTLEREAGH: FLINT KNIFE 100m OD; CS 9; IG 147; J 3750 7150+ A flint knife was reported to have been found at Castlereagh in County Antrim. There is no such townland there, but there is in County Down, so this is probably the findspot. The knife was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 806.1960]. DOW [Not in SMR] Prendergast and Lucas 1962, 139-173. CASTLESKREEN: BRONZE BROOCH & POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) 62m OD; CS 37; IG 241; J 4730 4027 The site comprises a circular ditched enclosure, with internal bank and an entrance at the south-east. Half of the interior is occupied by an oval, flat-topped motte and an original rath was re-used as a bailey. The earthworks are overgrown with gorse bushes, but this has prevented cattle trampling the site. The farm house to the southwest is on an occupation site. While building in the 1970s, the owner uncovered hearths, pits, iron slag and ditches. An area of cobbling, c.1 square metre was left in situ. Finds included sherds from two Western Neolithic pottery vessels and part of a bronze brooch of Iron Age date, indicating that the site had been in use for a considerable period of time. DOW 037:037 Dickinson et al. 1960, 63-77.

Plate 47: Chapel Island Midden (DOW 011:012) Ulster Archaeological Society CHERRYVALLEY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 10m OD; CS 10; IG 148; J 4700 6900 A letter to O’Laverty, which was dated 17th April 1882, tells of an old man named Mr. McMorran of Cherryvalley, who had found an ‘urn’ in one of his fields. The ‘urn or dish’ which had been covered by a stone, is described as being ‘composed of small flags set tightly into one another and 177

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND CLOUGH: FLINT KNIVES (2) & FLINT ARROWHEADS (3) 30m OD; CS 37; IG 241; J 4100 4000+ Two flint knives were found here and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 797-798.1960]. A flint, barbed arrowhead was also reported to have been found here and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 809.1961]. Two hollow-based arrowheads were also found here [NMI 438, 473.1959]. DOW [Not in SMR] Lucas et al. 1961, 43-107; Prendergast and Lucas 1962, 139173; Prendergast and Lucas 1963, 115-133.

inside of it was human ashes…The circumference might be c.3ft [0.9m] and c.18” [0.5m] in diameter…he has found similar urns in the same field.’ Enquiries, among older residents of the townland, produced no information about the burials or their location. DOW 010:062 CLAY: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) 50m OD; CS 24; IG 186; J 5050 5450 This site is also in Lisinaw, Tullyveery and Tullymacnous townlands. A middle Neolithic decorated pot was recovered from the shore of Clea Lakes. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A23, 658]. DOW 024:047 Herity 1982, 247-404; McErlean et al. 2002, 444.

CLOUGH: BRONZE SWORDS (2) 30m OD; CS 37; IG 241; J 4100 4000+ Two bronze, leaf-shaped swords were reported to have been found here. One is held at the British Museum in London and the other formed part of the Hunt-Ball Collection in Limerick. Its current location is unknown. DOW [Not in SMR] Watson 1945, 80-119. COMBER: PEBBLE MACEHEAD 30m OD; CS 10; IG 148; J 4570 6920 A perforated pebble, which is also known as a pebble macehead, was discovered in a field on a farm in Comber in 1913. It is thought to be Mesolithic in date and is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. DOW 010:080 McErlean et al. 2002, 432.

Figure 232: Clay Pot (DOW 024:047) (after Herity 1982, 276) CLOGHSKELT: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 123m OD; CS 39; IG 239; J 2388 4119 This is on a steep west-facing slope, with good views across a shallow valley to the west and to the Mournes to the south. The cemetery field is very rocky, with uneven ground. It lies about 200m to the south-west of Drumgooland Presbyterian Church. An excavation of the Bronze Age cemetery in 1973 discovered a total of twentyfive graves. Food vessels and urns found previously at this site are held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 810, 809:1930]. One has been identified as an encrusted urn (Kavanagh 1873, 539-540). DOW 035:039 Jope 1966, 61, fig. 25 and Pl.17; ApSimon 1969, 62; Kavanagh 1973, 507-617; Flanagan 1976, 7-20.

COMBER: STONE AXE HEADS (7) 30m OD; CS 10; IG 148; J 4550 6850 Seven Neolithic stone axes were recovered from here. They are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A261.1962] and the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1937:3606-3612]. DOW 010:082 COMBER: HOARD 30m OD; CS 10; IG 148; J 4550 6850 Two Bronze spearheads and several pottery items were found here. The pottery includes vase food vessels, encrusted urns and a collared urn. Most of these finds are held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. DOW 010:085 Flanagan and Seaby 1966, 103-114; Jope 1966, 60-62. COMBER: PEBBLE MACEHEAD 30m OD; CS 10; IG 148; J 4548 6895 A pebble macehead was found in a garden at High Street in Comber, in 1998. It was discovered in a disturbed topsoil deposit and probably came from elsewhere. It was oval shaped and produced from medium-grained olivine dolerite. It measured 6.7cm in length, 5.9cm in width and 3.2cm in thickness, with a central perforation measuring 1.9cm in diameter. It has been classified as Neolithic in date and is currently held in private ownership. DOW [Not in SMR] Killen-Barry 2002, 152-153.

Figure 233: Cloghskelt Urn (DOW 035:039) (after Kavanagh 1973, 586)

178

INVENTORY ground levelling, consisting of several layers of gravel, which coincidentally contained a number of Mesolithic flint tools. The origin of the gravel is unclear, but it is likely to be local. It had been spread across the site in the 1930s, in order to facilitate the construction of a tennis court. Below the gravel, two deposits, which had larger concentrations of partially-worked flint, were discovered in the northern part of the investigated area. These dated to the Mesolithic period. No associated archaeological features were uncovered. DOW [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2010.

Figure 234: Comber Macehead (Not in SMR) (after Killen-Barry 2002, 153)

CORPORATION [KILLYLEAGH]: STONE AXE HEADS (2) 30m OD; CS 24; IG 206; J 5200 5200+ Two Neolithic stone axes were recovered here. One is perforated at one end and is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A289.1911]. The other is held at Down County Museum in Downpatrick [DCM 1986-279]. DOW [Not in SMR]

COPELAND ISLAND: FLINT HOARD 15m OD; CS 3; IG 116; J 5920 8332 This site has been classified as Neolithic in date. It is located on the western side of Copeland Island, c.70m from the shore above Port Bannock and c.70m south of an old graveyard (DOW 003:007). This is an exposed beach, which contained a flint cache, identified by numbers of cores and flakes. These flints had been brought to the surface by the activity of rabbits. Most of the flakes do not appear to have been rolled, but several have been burnt. At least one flint revealed secondary working. DOW 003:010

CORPORATION [KILLYLEAGH]: STONE BATTLE AXE HEAD 30m OD; CS 24; IG 206; J 5200 5200+ This Felsite battle axe head was recovered at Killyleagh. It has been classified as of the Late or Bann Series by Derek Simpson. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 357:1961]. DOW [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1963, 106; Simpson 1990, 34. CORPORATION NORTH: BRONZE AXE HEAD 40m OD; CS 6; IG 131; J 4950 7400+ A bronze three-ribbed axe head was reported to have been found here. It was attributed to the late Bronze Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [1937.348]. DOW [Not in SMR]

CORPORATION [KILLYLEAGH]: HOARD 30m OD; CS 24; IG 206; J 5200 5200 Several Bronze Age artefacts were recovered here, just south of Killyleagh. The artefacts included a battle axe, a flat axe head, a decorated flat axe head, a barbed and tanged arrowhead of flint and gold ring money. These are currently held at the Cambridge Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography. DOW 024:049 McErlean et al. 2002, 453.

CORPORATION SOUTH: STONE HOARD 15m OD; CS 5; IG 148; J 4850 7350 A total of twenty-seven Neolithic stone axe heads have been recovered from here. One is held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A386.1975] and the remainder are held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1929:1663-88]. DOW 005:076 McErlean et al. 2002, 446.

CORPORATION [KILLYLEAGH]: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 24; IG 206; J 5317 5278 Excavation was carried out in 2010, in advance of the development at 10 Seaside Road, Killyleagh. The site consisted of gravels, which were interpreted as raised beach material, which had possibly been re-deposited. A number of flint tools were recovered. The flints were examined by Professor Peter Woodman, who confirmed that the small blades uncovered were probably early Mesolithic and that the larger blades could possibly be from the first half of the later Mesolithic. He also noted that the earlier material was relatively undamaged, which suggests that it may not have moved very far. By contrast, the later material seemed more water-rolled, suggesting it had been subjected to erosion by the sea. In the course of topsoil stripping, it was confirmed that these deposits had been re-deposited, as part of a modern, artificial

CORPORATION SOUTH: BRONZE HOARD 15m OD; CS 5; IG 148; J 4850 7350 A Bronze Age socketed axe and two flat axes were recovered here. The axes are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. DOW 005:078 McErlean et al. 2002, 454. CORPORATION SOUTH: FLINT FLAKE 5m OD; CS 6; IG 131; J 4850 7300 One Mesolithic flake was found here. No other details are presently available. DOW 006:034 McErlean et al. 2002, 436. 179

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND COREEGHY: POTTERY (UNCLASSIFIED) 31m OD; CS 40; IG 252; J 0935 3235 This site was uncovered, during the construction of a new bypass around Newry. The site, which was situated 100m east of the main A1 development, north of the Sheepbridge compound, comprised two separate areas of investigation. Area A measured c.15 square metres and was located on the eastern fringe of an extensive bog area. The archaeology in this area consisted of a burnt mound, with three possible associated pits. One of these pits contained a split log of unknown wood type. This piece of wood was situated in the base of this possible trough and therefore must have been deposited during the period, when the pit was opened. The site was truncated by a series of post-medieval drains. Area B measured c.12m in length and 10m in width and was situated on a westfacing slope. This slope overlooked an extensive bog area, as well as overlooking Area A. The archaeology in this area consisted of four pits of varying size. The largest pit contained five fills, with the upper fill containing one hundred and five sherds of prehistoric pottery. DOW [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2008.

CRAIGAVAD: STONE AXE HEAD 5m OD; CS 1; IG 115; J 4300 8100 A polished stone axe head was found at Ballyrobert. The grid reference given is for Craigavad townland. It had a truncated, pointed butt and a damaged cutting head. It measured 12.5cm in length. It was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [170.1960]. DOW [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1963, 105-111. CRAIGOGANTLET: ASSEMBLAGE 154m OD; CS 5; IG 131; J 4494 7650 This site was uncovered, during the monitoring of a proposed extension at the Tarmac quarry. Archaeological remains were uncovered, within the northern portion of the site. This consisted of two possible domestic structures, with associated peripheral activity, as well as an area of cooking pits to the west. The remains of two badly truncated hut structures were identified. Hut Structure 1 survived as a sub-circular structure, which measured approximately 8m north-east/south-west by 7m. The eastern side of this structure contained a curvilinear bedding trench, set along a roughly semicircular shape, enclosing an area, which contained a small number of pits, a central post hole and a collection of stake holes. A number of large pits were uncovered along the western side of the structure. Several stake holes were also identified, within the eastern side of the structure and may indicate additional supporting, structural stakes. Numerous fragments of prehistoric pottery, as well as fragments of struck flint, including a small number of hollow scrapers, were recovered from within this structure. Hut Structure 2 was more semicircular in shape, with a curvilinear bedding trench along its eastern and south-eastern side, enclosing an area 3.5m–4m in length north-east/south-west. As with Hut Structure 1, no bedding trench was identified along the western side of the structure. One central post hole was uncovered, suggesting a hut structure with a pitched roof, sloping towards the bedding trench. One small stake hole was uncovered from within the structure. A number of prehistoric pottery fragments were also recovered, from both the bedding trench and the central post hole. Five small subsoil-cutting pits were identified to the north of Hut Structure 1, along with a stake hole and a larger pit to the west. Area 3 consisted of four cooking pits, which were located in an area of heavy clay subsoil, along a north-west-sloping gradient, downslope and 17m–23m to the west of Areas 1 and 2. Two of the cooking pits were quite substantial in size, while two were smaller. All four pits contained large amounts of fragmented burnt stone within black, sandy, silty clay, with moderate charcoal flecking. The largest pit, measuring 2.4m in length northwest/south-east and 1.9m in width and 0.55m in depth, contained three distinct deposits, each containing large quantities of burnt stone and charcoal flecks, indicating multiple uses as a cooking pit. While a small amount of burnt mound material was evident from the area surrounding the four pits, it was mostly deposited within natural depressions. No datable artefacts were recovered

COTTON: HORSE TACK 30m OD; CS 2; IG 132; J 5400 7900 A Type B Iron Age bronze horse bit was found here. It measured 14.4cm in length. It was lozenge-shaped in section and the side links were hollow. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1937, 85]. DOW [Not in SMR] Haworth 1971, 26-49; McErlean et al. 2002, 458. COTTON: BRONZE HALBERDS (3) 30m OD; CS 2; IG 132; J 5400 7900+ In about 1850, three bronze halberds were reported to have been found together in a bog. They have given their name to Harbison’s halberd category Type Cotton. They are currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1929.1498-1500]. DOW [Not in SMR] Ó Ríordáin 1937, 199; Harbison 1968, 35-91.

Figure 235: Cotton Halberd (Not in SMR) (after Harbison 1968, 38) CRAIGAVAD: FLINT HAND AXE 5m OD; CS 1; IG 115; J 4300 8150 A flint hand axe was found on the beach at Craigavad. It had a triangular cross-section, with a broken butt. It measured 11.7cm in length. It was donated to Armagh County Museum by Sir Robert Staples. DOW [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 27. 180

INVENTORY CULTRA: FLINT PICK 5m OD; CS 1; IG 114; J 4050 8020 A flint tool, referred to as a pick, was found on the beach at Cultra. It had a triangular cross-section and measured 11.7cm in length, 3.4cm in width and 2.8cm in thickness. It was donated to Armagh County Museum by Sir Robert Staples. DOW [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 27.

from this area. Finds recovered from the hut sites indicate a late Neolithic/early Bronze Age date. DOW [Not in SMR] Bennett 2013, 59-60. CRANFIELD: STONE AXE HEAD 10m OD; CS 57; IG 284; J 2700 1100+ A polished stone axe head was found here and presented to the Armagh County Museum by Sir Robert Staples. It measured 11.7cm in length, 6cm in width and 1.9cm in thickness. DOW [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 31.

CUNNINGBURN: FLINTS 10m OD; CS 11; IG 149; J 5260 7130 The flints from this site appear to date to the Mesolithic period and are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. DOW 011:030 Jope 1966, 69; McErlean et al. 2002, 432.

CROSS: STONE BATTLE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 41/42; IG 253; J 2000 3300+ This stone battle axe head was recovered near Rathfriland, which is not a townland. The site sits astride Cross, Kiltarriff, Lissize and Rossconor townlands. The battle axe head was attributed to the Late or Bann Series by Derek Simpson. It is currently in private ownership. DOW [Not in SMR] Jope 1966, 13, Fig. 10; Simpson 1990, 38.

CUNNINGBURN: FLINTS 10m OD; CS 11; IG 149; J 5260 7130 The flints from this site appear to date to the Mesolithic period and are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. The flints were a homogenous group, although no diagnostic tools were present. DOW 011:041 Jope 1966, 69; McErlean et al. 2002, 432. CUNNINGBURN: FLINTS 10m OD; CS 11; IG 149; J 5310 7080 Flints were collected here in 2002 from a raised beach. Patinated flints appeared to be Mesolithic and other fresher material was thought to be later. They are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. DOW 011:042 McErlean et al. 2002, 433. DEEHOMMED: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 324m OD; CS 35; IG 222; J 2520 4239 On the summit of Deehommed Mountain with panoramic views, this is a much disturbed large oval cairn, measuring 16m east-west, 20m north-south and standing 1.5m high. At approximately the centre of the cairn is a large slab lying on its edge, measuring 1.15m in length, 1.5m in width and 0.3m in thickness. This is possibly a wall stone from a cist. It is reported that this is the findspot of a decorated food vessel, which is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast, labelled as ‘a cinerary urn found in a cairn…in 1873’ [UM 783.1963]. DOW 035:008 Linn 1935, 246; Chart 1940, 112; Flanagan 1965, 102-116; Jope 1966, 88 & 60, fig. 23:17.

Figure 236: Cross Battle Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Simpson 1990, 30) CROSS ISLAND: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 17; IG 168; J 5293 6487 Cross Island lies east of Reagh Island, off the eastern shore of Strangford Lough. It can be reached by road from Reagh Island. Previously, it was reached by crossing a ford. The island is an oval drumlin. Both the summit and the north-western half of the island have yielded Mesolithic flints. Excavations associated with nearby raised beaches, e.g. Ringneill and Ardmillan, produced evidence of Mesolithic occupation. Many Mesolithic flints have been found at other places, all of which are along the eastern shore of the Strangford Lough. DOW 017:030 McErlean et al. 2002, 432. CULLINTRAW: FLINTS 5m OD; CS 10; IG 148; J 4850 6750 Late Mesolithic flints have been recorded here, along with some Neolithic artefacts, such as arrowheads and a hollow scraper. These are believed to be in private ownership. DOW 010:084 McErlean et al. 2002, 432. 181

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND Another porcellanite axe head was found here and is currently in private ownership. DOW 037:030 Jope et al. 1952, 31-60; Proudfoot et al. 1957, 8-28; McErlean et al. 2002, 433. DEMESNE OF DOWN: ASSEMBLAGE 20m OD; CS 31; IG 224; J 4980 4780 A Neolithic stone axe head was recovered here. It is currently held at Down County Museum collection in Downpatrick [DCM 1999-4]. A flint, barbed and tanged arrowhead was also found in the River Quoile nearby. It is held at Armagh County Museum [ACM 108-62]. Sherds of Bell Beaker pottery were found at Meadowlands. DOW 031:066 ApSimon 1969, 28-72; Weatherup 1975, 5-24; McErlean et al. 2002, 445. DEMESNE OF DOWN: ASSEMBLAGE 20m OD; CS 37: IG 224; J 4883 4500 This site is also known as Meadowlands. This site was excavated, prior to a housing development. An archaeological evaluation was carried out just west of here, prior to further development on the site. Test trenching, across the development area, revealed it to consist of relatively modern reclaimed land, with infill layers ranging from 1m-2m in depth. Several houses were uncovered, dating to the middle Bronze Age. A large quantity of flint, along with part of a porcellanite axe head and a bronze ingot were found. Cordoned urn pottery was also found and is currently held by HED. DOW 037:069 Pollock et al. 1964, 31-58; ApSimon 1969, 65.

Figure 237: Deehommed Food Vessel (DOW 035:008) (after Flanagan 1965, 114) DEEHOMMED: GOLD EAR RING 320m OD; CS 35; IG 222; J 2500 4200+ This ear ring has been attributed to the Beaker Period of the early Bronze Age. It is made of a roughly oval-shaped thin sheet of gold. It has a tang and has been described as a ‘Basket Ear Ring’. DOW [Not in SMR] Waddell 1998, 133-134.

DEMESNE OF DOWN: BRONZE SLAG 30m OD; CS 37: IG 224; J 4840 4448 The granting of planning permission, in order to construct a tourist and heritage centre on the slopes of Cathedral Hill in Downpatrick, necessitated archaeological mitigation. The site was excavated in advance of development, during the winter of 19981999. A sizeable ditch was found running downslope to the south. This also cut two lower curving ditches. The fills of these ditches contained souterrain ware. At the bottom of the hill was a Bronze Age industrial complex, which consisted of numerous small pits and stake-holes, filled and surrounded by charcoal-rich soil. Considerable quantities of bronzeworking slag were recovered from this area, which had been disturbed by a larger, shallow, medieval pit. DOW 037:111 Halpin 2000, 33.

Figure 238: Deehommed Ear Ring (Not in SMR) (after Waddell 1998, 134)

DEMESNE OF DOWN: STONE HOARD 20m OD; CS 37; IG 224; J 4850 4450 Two Neolithic stone axes and a macehead were recovered from here. The axes are held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast and the macehead is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin (NMI 1929:250). DOW 037:113 McErlean et al. 2002, 444.

DEMESNE OF DOWN: HOARD 20m OD; CS 37; IG 224; J 4830 4450 This site is also known as Cathedral Hill. A broken Mesolithic Bann flake was found here, along with three Neolithic polished stone axes and a hollow scraper. All were recovered during excavations by Proudfoot in 1953. 182

INVENTORY DEMESNE OF DOWN: HOARDS (2) 20m OD; CS 34; IG 224; J 4790 4340 A range of gold artefacts have been found here, including two hoards of penannular bracelets and a neck ring. Also found were 2-4 bracelets and two sleeve fasteners. A few Bronze Age pottery sherds were also recovered. They were thought to date to between 600 BC and 300 BC. DOW 034:114 Proudfoot 1957, 70-72; Waddell 1998, 198-199; McErlean et al. 2002, 452-453.

DROMARA: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & AMBER BEAD 60m OD; CS 28; IG 223; J 2800 5000+ This site is referred to by Waddell, as being a biconical accessory cup, found inside a large urn, within the parish of Dromara. The cup was reported to contain an amber bead. A vase urn, with no known provenance, is held within the collection of the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI Wk. 142]. This is recorded as being associated with cremated bones and a ball or a bead of amber. This is possibly the same urn. This site has not been precisely located. DOW [Not in SMR] Jope 1966 61, Fig. 24; ApSimon 1969, 65; Waddell 1990, 77.

DEMESNE OF DOWN: LOGBOAT 10m OD; CS 37; IG 224; J 4860 4600 The eroded remains of a small logboat are visible, as a length of wood protruding c.0.2m above the surface of a rough, damp field, immediately to the south of the Quoile River. The field slopes gradually up to a public footpath, beyond which the ground rises more steeply. This part of the field has recently been grazed by cattle. The logboat is orientated east-west. It measured 2.5m in length and ranged from 3cm-5cm in thickness. The exposed top is eroded and the western end is missing. A small lateral ridge, similar to that noted in the logboat found in Greyabbey Bay (MRD 168:165), is located 0.62m from the eastern end, which measured 5cm in width and stood 3cm proud of the surface. MRD 224:004

DRUMADONNELL: STONE AXE HEADS & FLINTS 90m OD; CS 35; IG 239; J 2277 4053 This site comprised a number of flint scatters and stone axe heads, which involved various fields, although no obvious connection has been established as yet. It was investigated by Flanagan in 1964. DOW 035:041 Flanagan 1966, 76-77.

DEMESNE OF DOWN [HOG ISLAND]: FLINT 10m OD; CS 37; IG 224; J 4780 4480 This has been classified as Mesolithic in date. Hog Island is a former tidal island, within the Quoile Estuary, approximately 1km to the west of Downpatrick and immediately to the south of Inch Island. The island consists of a north-south drumlin ridge. An oyster midden, spread by ploughing, was found in a lowlying position at the northern end of the island, at the base of the drumlin. It is located just above the present water level of the Quoile and on, or very near to the pre-reclamation foreshore, at an estimated height of 3m-5m OD. The field was visited after ploughing, when a relatively concentrated spread of oyster shells, with a small number of cockles, was observed in a linear band some 50m long. One small, narrow, flint blade was found, within a few metres of the shell deposit. MRD 224:006

Figure 239: Drumadonnell Finds (DOW 035:041) (after Flanagan 1966, 78)

DERRYCRAW: ASSEMBLAGE 62m OD; CS 40; IG 252; J 0930 3420 This site, which included five barrows, a pit burial, a basket burial and a destroyed cairn, was discovered during road improvements in 2004. Finds included a polishing stone, flints, decorated Bronze Age pottery and burnt bone. The pit burial contained a complete, undisturbed, upright vessel with a capstone. The cairn area contained an oval pit, which contained burnt bone, struck flint and a lignite spacer bead, most probably from a necklace. DOW [Not in SMR] Heaney 2010, 32-35.

DRUMANAGHAN OR DRUMULCAW: STONE AXE HAMMER 80m OD; CS 36; IG 223; J 3800 4200+ A stone axe hammer was reported to have been found here. It measured 21.9cm in length and was dark grey in colour. It was a flat-butted and truncated-lozenge, shaped with a biconical perforation and considerably abraded at both ends. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 72.1958]. DOW [Not in SMR] Flanagan et al. 1959, 43-55.

183

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND DRUMARAN: POTTERY (UNCLASSIFIED) 31m OD; CS 26; IG 220; J 0646 4698 This site was uncovered, during the construction of a gas pipeline in 2010. Three areas of archaeology were uncovered. Two areas, comprising five pits, were uncovered. The first area comprised four large subrectangular features, each measuring approximately 1.2m in length and 0.8m in width. These did not form any structural pattern, but are likely to be contemporary, due to the similarity in size and morphology. Prehistoric pottery sherds were recovered from one of these pits. The second area lay in close proximity and consisted of an oval pit, measuring 0.25m in length and 0.2m in width. No finds were recovered from this feature. The third area consisted of a large sub-oval trough feature, which lay on the periphery of two small sub-circular spreads of burnt stone and charcoal. This fulachta fiadh is located in close proximity to others, in the adjacent townland of Kernan and is likely to be part of a greater complex of fulachtaí fia. DOW [Not in SMR] Bennett 2013, 62.

with trees and overgrown with brambles. It was described in 1966 as standing 0.6m-0.9m in height and composed mostly of small stones. A cist, measuring 0.9m in length and 0.5m in width, with a capstone 0.5m in thickness, lay in the centre of the cairn, with its long axis at right angles to the cairn. In 1890 afood vessel was found inside it. A second cist is said to have been visible at that time. A food vessel had been found here previously (c.1850) and is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 3929:K43]. DOW 036:033 Belfast News-Letter, 7 April 1890; Chart 1940, 115; Jope 1966, 83-84 and figs. 20, 23 and 55; ApSimon 1969, 62. DRUMEE: BRONZE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 43; IG 255; J 3550 3450+ A bronze socketed axe head was reported to have been found at Drumee in County Down. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. DOW (Not in SMR) Hodges 1956, 30.

DRUMBEG: FLINT 32m OD; CS 9; IG 165; J 2980 6680 A worked flint was recovered from a private garden here. It was a version of a Bann flake, but ‘executed in a manner more typical of the Early Bronze Age’ (Collins 1961-1962, 15). Its current location is unknown. DOW [Not in SMR] Collins 1961-1962, 15.

Figure 240: Drumee Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Hodges 1956, 30)

DRUMBRONETH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 21; IG 202; J 1900 5100 This site is also in Lurganbane townland. Three urns were found in 1839, in a field on the opposite side of the Lagan from Dromore Motte (DOW 021:048). The urns were reported in a letter to Dean Dawson, described as ‘Three Urns which were turned up by some labourers in a field…each were discovered in a cavity of a rock excavated for the purpose, one of them was encircled with stones…standing on their end and covered at the top with a large flat stone…they lay at right angles c.one yard [0.9m] distant from each other…all were destroyed by the workmen.’ DOW 021:060 Waddell 1990, 77-78.

DRUMLOUGH: HORSE TACK 80m OD; CS 21; IG 184; J 2700 5500+ An unclassified early Iron Age horse bronze horse bit was found in Drumlough Bog. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1876, 106]. DOW [Not in SMR] Haworth 1971, 26-49. DRUMREAGH: DECORATED STONE 58m OD; CS 16; IG 167; J 4508; 6151 During ploughing in 1951, a decorated stone was discovered in a rocky field, on the edge of a bog. The stone was presented to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [497, 1951]. An excavation was conducted in 1952, as the stone may have been connected with a megalithic tomb or cist. Neither was discovered. The stone is decorated with circles, a cup and ring mark, zig-zag patterns and an S curve. The motifs are consistent with those found on Neolithic tombs. The field, in which the stone was found, has not been ploughed since. DOW 016:046

DRUMBRONETH: STONE MOULD 40m OD; CS 21; IG 202; J 2000 5200+ A steatite mould, which is designed for casting palstave axe heads, was reported to have been found at Dromore in County Down. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1876/1275]. DOW [Not in SMR] Hodges 1954, 77. DRUMCAW: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 36; IG 240; J 3892 4115 The site of a cairn is on the summit of an east-west ridge, with a steep river valley to the east. The cairn is planted 184

INVENTORY DRUMSALLAGH: GOLD TORC 92m OD, CS 33; IG 237; J 0935 4142 This twisted gold torc, measuring 37.5cm in length and of cruciform cross-section, was reportedly discovered very close to, or within, a monastic site in 1794. When found, it was twisted. It was originally held by Thomas Percy, Bishop of Dromore, when it was straightened into the shape it is today. It is now held by the Birr Scientific Heritage Foundation in County Offaly. It has been dated to the late Bronze Age. DOW 033:026 Cahill 1985, 116-121; 1989, 10-12.

DUNDRUM: FLINT FLAKE 5m OD; CS 44; IG 240; J 4100 3650+ A flint flake was found here by Sir Robert Staples and donated to Armagh County Museum. It measured 5.4cm in length, 1.5cm in width and tapered to a point. DOW [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 26. DUNDRUM: ANVIL STONE 5m OD; CS 44; IG 240; J 4100 3650+ A large, oval-shaped anvil stone was reported to have been found at a hearth site in the sandhills here. It measured 20.2cm in length, with one flat face, considerably pecked and abraded. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 74.1958]. DOW [Not in SMR] Flanagan et al. 1959, 43-55. DUNDRUM: BRONZE RAZOR 5m OD; CS 44; IG 240; J 4100 3650+ A bronze razor was reported to have been found in sandhills here. It measured 8.3cm in length and 2cm in width and was decorated with a lattice pattern and lozenges, on both faces of the blade. It is now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1922.9]. DOW [Not in SMR] Kavanagh 1991, 77-104.

Figure 241: Drumsallagh torc (Not in SMR) (after Cahill 1989, 11) DUNDRUM: COLLECTION 5m OD; CS 44; IG 240; J 4100 3650+ A number of flint, stone and bronze artefacts were reported to have been found here and formed part of the W.A. Green Collection. In 1959 they were purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast. The flint items included 3 blades, 27 end scrapers, 4 side scrapers, 8 hollow scrapers, 7 scrapers, 13 borers, 3 hollow-based arrowheads, 3 barbed and tanged arrowheads, 1 tanged arrowhead, 2 lozenge-shaped arrowheads and a petittranchet derivative arrowhead. One of the hollow-based arrowheads was of chert (Collins 1959, 42). Stone items included 5 spindle whorls, 2 polished stone axe heads, 6 stone beads, 1 net sinker and a stone hammer. Bronze items included a flanged axe head and 7 pins. Seven sherds of various prehistoric pottery types were also found, along with 8 glass beads. DOW [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952; Collins 1959, 42; Flanagan 1960, 41-60.

Figure 243: Dundrum Razor (Not in SMR) (after Kavanagh 1991, 89)

DUNDRUM: BRONZE RAPIER 1m OD; CS 44; IG 240; J 4110 3670 A trapeze-butted bronze rapier was found within the sandy silt, 150m off a causeway in Dundrum Inner Bay. It measured 40cm in length and weighed 265.6 grams. The blade is a simple lozenge in section. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A9.1980]. DOW [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1980, 21-27.

Figure 242: Dundrum Arrowhead (Not in SMR) (after Collins 1959, 42)

185

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND during the excavation of Duneight motte and bailey, by Dudley Waterman in 1961. The urn was found inverted over the cremated bone. Inside the urn, a flint knife and a flint piercing tool were discovered. DOW 014:028 Waterman 1963, 57-59 and Appendix; Waddell 1990, 78. *DUNMORE: POTTERY (UNCLASSIFIED) 169m OD; CS 29; IG 223; J 3644 4609 This site was uncovered, during the construction of the Mourne Pipeline. It is located on the northern slope of Dunmore Mountain, close to the summit. The site consisted of a rectilinear wall slot, measuring approximately 8m in length and 6m in width, with a sizeable post hole at each corner, four internal pits/post holes and two entrances. One entrance is at the eastern end and one at the western end. The eastern entrance was defined by a break in the wall slot, flanked by post holes. The western entrance had a curving alcove, running from the north-western corner, presumably to protect it from the prevailing westerly winds. Sherds of coarse pottery were found in one of the internal features. At the time of this report, only the outline of the structure had been fully revealed. Other features appeared to exist outside the structure. DOW 029:050

Figure 244: Dundrum Rapier (Not in SMR) (after Flanagan 1980, 24)

DUNDRUM: BRONZE HOARD 5m OD; CS 44; IG 240; J 4100 3650+ A bronze hoard was reported to have been found here. It consisted of three spearheads, three socketed axe heads, three rings and a ring-headed pin. They are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. An early Iron Age, unclassified bronze horse bit was also found here. It is held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1876.105]. DOW [Not in SMR] Hodges 1957, 51-63; Haworth 1971, 26-49.

DUNSY ISLAND: FLINTS 5m OD; CS 24; IG 187; J 5457 5890 A number of flakes or blades were collected in a cleared area mid-shore, about 20m south-west of Bught Point. The clearance is a slipway, corresponding to a break in the sea wall, extending 50m in length and c.8m in width. The flint artefacts were noted about midway along the slipway, on top of shingle and sand. This was at least 20cm below the surface, so they were not in situ on a relict land surface. They must have been washed in. The area, seaward of the flint finds, becomes muddier with surface pebbles and shells. The flints were found here primarily, because the slipway was cleared of stones and seaweed. MRD 187:064

DUNDRUM: FLINT SCRAPERS (3) & STONE AXE HEAD 5m OD; CS 44; IG 240; J 4100 3650+ A flint end scraper, which measured 2.8cm in length, was found here. It was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast. Two further scrapers were purchased by the Ulster Museum in 1966. A flake of polished stone, measuring 3cm in length, from a large polished stone axe head, was also found [851, 848.1963]. DOW [Not in SMR] Flanagan and Seaby 1965, 102-116; Flanagan et al. 1968, 33-52.

DUNTURK: DECORATED STONE 215m OD; CS 36; IG 223; J 3522 4493 This site is situated on the west-facing slopes of Dunturk Mountain, just below the summit, in a very exposed location. The possible house site is roughly rectangular, measuring 1.7m in length and 3m in width, with walls 1m in width and 1m in height and a small gap 0.2m in width, at the western side. Approximately 35m northnorth-east from this location is a cup-and-ring marked stone. It is a naturally split boulder, with a number of small holes, on both the horizontal and vertical faces. These may be cup marks, but may also be natural. There are two possible ring-marks on the boulder. One is almost certainly man-made, suggesting that perhaps the others are too. The best defined ring-mark is on the southwestern face, which has been protected by gorse, making it less weathered than the others. DOW 036:047

DUNDRUM: FLINTS & POTTERY (UNCLASSIFIED) 5m OD; CS 44; IG 240; J 4100 3650+ Six flint scrapers and a flint flake were found in the Dundrum sand hills. Five sherds of prehistoric pottery were also found. In 1962 they were donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast. DOW [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1964, 73-95. ***DUNEIGHT: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 50m OD; CS 14; IG 165/184; J 2777 6078 The cremated remains of an adult, thought to have been originally contained within a collared urn, were found 186

INVENTORY ECHLINVILLE: BRONZE AXE HAMMER 10m OD; CS 18; IG 188; J 6160 6050 A Bronze Age axe hammer was recovered here. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A245.1911]. DOW 018:036 McErlean et al. 2002, 453.

DOW 009:052 MacAdam 1855, 358; Chart 1940, 87. EDENDERRY: ASSEMBLAGE 81m OD; CS 27; IG 220; J 1185 4590 Excavations of two areas of interest were undertaken at Old Donard School, Edenderry Road in Banbridge in 2005 and 2006. Excavations at Site A, in the north-eastern corner of the development, revealed an annular oval U-shaped ring ditch, measuring c. 3.92m east–west and 3.32m north–south, with a maximum depth of 0.34m and width ranging from 0.23–0.61m. The upper fill contained burnt bone and the secondary fill contained flints, including a burnt hollow scraper. Both contained sherds of coarse ware pottery. Inside the ring ditch was a shallow sub-circular pit, measuring 0.16m north–south and 0.23m east–west, with a depth of 0.05m. This pit contained burnt bone, sherds of coarse ware pottery, flint debitage and quartz pebbles. The annular oval ring ditch would appear to be prehistoric in date and ritual in nature. Based on this and other comparative evidence, a late Bronze Age date can be suggested for the ring barrow. DOW [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2005.

ECHLINVILLE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 10m OD; CS 18; IG 188; J 6160 6050 An Irish Bowl from a cist burial was reported to have been found at Rubane. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM L56:1931]. This is probably from the same location as DOW 018:036 above. DOW [Not in SMR] ApSimon 1969, 60. *EDENAGARRY: ASSEMBLAGE 242m OD; CS 41; IG 238; J 1825 3779 This is a burial cairn, also known as Knockiveagh. On the summit of Knockiveagh Hill, with panoramic views all around, this cairn is composed of stones, with a covering layer of turf. The perimeter is demarcated by a kerb of stones. It is quite a substantial cairn, measuring approximately 32m in diameter and standing 2.2m high at the south. Excavation in 1954 showed that the cairn had a fairly complex structure. The loose granite boulders, from which it is composed, rest on an earthy deposit, which is full of Neolithic domestic refuse – charcoal, carbonised hazelnut-shells, numerous potsherds of Western Neolithic plain wares, flint implements, including leafshaped arrowheads, a polished stone axe and even fragments of cremated bone, most probably human. The main body of the cairn, built of granite boulders, was bounded by a kerb of much larger granite blocks. This had been revetted outside, with earth containing similar potsherds and implements to those found under the cairn. A skin of earth had likewise been used as an outer covering for the main body of the cairn. In a disturbed pocket within the cairn, some 3.6m in from the kerb, were the crushed fragments of a Bronze Age food vessel, associated with cremated bones and representing the remains of one child. Presumably, these are secondary burials within the cairn. Earlier looting had removed all traces from the wrecked cist in the centre of the cairn. A radiocarbon date of 1687-895 BC has been obtained for the charcoal from the sub-cairn layer. This cairn is, in many respects, similar to Lyles Hill cairn in County Antrim (Toberagnee ANT 056:006). DOW 041:022 Chart 1940, 123; Proudfoot et al. 1957, 8-28; Collins 1957, 8-28; Evans Field Notebook IV, 38-39; Jope 1966, 84; Waddell 1990, 79.

*EDENMORE: ASSEMBLAGE 185m OD; CS 47; IG 267; J 1475 2583 This is the much mutilated remains of a court tomb, with a large wedge-shaped cairn known as Carrigakill. It measures approximately 34.5m in length and survives to a maximum height of 0.9m. It is formed from granite boulders, with many of the uprights of the façade and chambers being made from split boulders. Most of the long side, on the west, preserves its original kerb of large boulders. The eastern side is obscured by a modern lane and field wall. A deep U-shaped forecourt at the wide end of the cairn is delimited by a façade of uprights, four of which survive on either side. There is a report of others having been removed ’70 to 80 years ago’. Owing to the great depth of the forecourt, a small excavation was carried out in 1955 to try and test whether this was a forecourt of almost enclosed ‘lobster claw’ type (like that at Creevykeel, County Sligo). All that this established, with certainty, was the presence of a pit about 0.9m in diameter and up to 0.75m in depth, cut into the subsoil and placed almost equidistant between the surviving stones, at the two ends of the façade. It had been filled with a mixture of granite boulders, charcoal and old turves. The main gallery, opening out of the forecourt, was apparently subdivided by jamb-stones into two segments. In addition to this, four lateral chambers are a special feature of the cairn. Two of these make a pair, set back-to-back and share a common gabled endstone. There is no clear indication that either of these was subdivided by jamb-stones. A second pair of lateral chambers lies between these and the main axial gallery. The one on the west is small and narrow, with its sidestones leaning inwards, under pressure from the cairn. The north-western side of the eastern chamber is intact, but the other side has been removed. One stone on the

EDENDERRY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 20m OD; CS 9; IG 147; J 3200 6700 The site of a burial cairn was described in the Ulster Journal of Archaeology as ‘a mound which, on being removed, disclosed several short stone coffins, containing earthen urns and burnt bones’. This was said to be in a field adjacent to the Giant’s Ring, but was destroyed at the time of the building of a house. It cannot be precisely located. 187

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND

Figure 245: Plan of Edenmore Court Tomb (DOW 047:090) (after Collins 1959) north-west side is possibly a jamb-stone, indicating a subdivision into two segments. A large semi-recumbent stone is possibly the displaced end-stone of this chamber. Finds included a small assemblage of pottery and flints, which are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. DOW 047:090 Chart 1940, 132-133; Collins 1959, 27-30; Evans Field Notebook IV, 20-21; Jope 1966, 74, figs. 13 and 39 and Pl.2.

Fingerstones. This portal tomb is built from granite. The enormous capstone, measuring 1.5m in thickness, has slipped from its original position, roofing a long rectangular chamber with side walls 0.9m in height and an end stone or blocking stone over 1.5m in height. The higher end of the capstone is at present supported on two still taller stones, standing 1.65m and 1.95m in height, which appear, with others shown between the chamber and the field wall, to have been a crescent façade of uprights, as seen in long cairns. A further thin slab, now laid flat over the western end of the chamber and beneath the main capstone, has been interpreted by Chart as the western end-stone, which has collapsed inwards. It seems just as probable that it is a second capstone, as seen at Greengraves. Excavation within the chamber, before 1834, uncovered a cremation and a flint arrowhead. DOW 048:011 Dublin Penny Journal 1834, Vol. III, No. 127, 184; Borlase 1897, Vol.1, 284; Chart 1940, 133and Pl 34; Jope 1966, 79; Evans 1967, 223 and Field Notebook IV, 3-6 and 124; Ó Nualláin 1983, 81 and 95.

GLASTRY: BRONZE HOARD 20m OD; CS 18; IG 169; J 6250 6250+ A bronze hoard, consisting of two socketed gouges and a tanged chisel, were reported to have been found here. They are currently held at the Cambridge Museum of Archaeology [FB/49]. DOW [Not in SMR] Hodges 1957, 51-63. GORES ISLAND: FLINTS 31m OD; CS 31; IG 206; J 5170 4935 Gores Island lies at the mouth of the River Quoile, in the south-west of Strangford Lough. It is connected to Castle Island at the west by a narrow ford. At low tide, the island is connected to the mainland by exposed mud flats. Finds of Mesolithic material have been reported from the western slopes of the 30.8m high hill, which rises from the shore at the west of the island. DOW 031:030

*GOWARD: ASSEMBLAGE 154m OD; CS 48; IG 254; J 2374 2964 On a steep south-facing slope with panoramic views eastsouth-west, this court tomb survives as a well preserved façade of eleven uprights forming a forecourt. It has three aligned chambers, separated by jambs and sills within the cairn, which is now largely destroyed. Excavations in 1932 revealed that the grave had been used as a habitation site during the Iron Age. Ox bones and a large assemblage of pottery of various types from Neolithic to Bronze Age were found. The finds are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. DOW 048:030 Evans and Gaffikin 1935, 247; Chart 1940, 134; Davies 1944, 119; Evans 1951, 208; Evans 1967, 224 No. 8.

GORES ISLAND: FLINTS 31m OD; CS 31; IG 206; J 5207 4926 Gores Island lies at the mouth of the River Quoile and is connected to Castle Island by a low, narrow ford. Finds of Mesolithic material have been reported from the slopes of the central hill on the island. DOW 031:031 **GOWARD: FLINT ARROWHEAD 130m OD; CS 48; IG 254; J 2437 3102 Goward portal tomb is also known as Goward Dolmen, Cloghmore Cromlech, Pat Kearney’s Big Stone and Finn’s 188

INVENTORY GRANSHA: FLINT FLAKE 10m OD; CS 18; IG 187; J 5970 5990 One Mesolithic flake is known to have originated here. Another possible example was described as located at Gransha/Ballygarvan. DOW 018:031 McErlean et al. 2002, 433-434.

GREY ABBEY: GOLD HOARD 10m OD; CS 11; IG 149; J 5900 5900 Bronze Age gold ring money was recovered here. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1936:3695]. DOW 011:048 McErlean et al. 2002, 453.

GRANSHA: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINT ARROWHEADS (4) 200m OD; CS 35; IG 222; J 2500 4500 The finding of an urn, which contained four flint arrowheads, charcoal and cremated bone, was reported in March 1854. This findspot cannot now be precisely located. DOW 035:045

HILLSBOROUGH: STONE AXE HEAD 90m OD; CS 14; IG 184; J 2300 5850+ A porcellanite axe head was reported to have been found in Hillsborough Park in 1924. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum Belfast [UM 1924.28]. DOW [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-60.

*GREENGRAVES: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 5; IG 131; J 4454 7363 The Kempe Stones is a substantially intact portal tomb, built of basaltic boulders. This is also known as Ballycloghtogall. Jope described the site as ‘2 large portal stones, side stones and an end stone form a chamber roofed by 2 overlapping capstones. A low blocking stone closes the portal…The chamber was excavated c.1830…when human bones were found.’ There are traces of a cairn, to the east and west of the modern field banks. Many large boulders are built into these and other adjacent banks. They may have come from the cairn. A bowl-type food vessel, one of five or six reported to have been found in Greengraves townland, is now held at Armagh County Museum and may possibly have come from this site. The ‘urns’ were found in about 1830. Sherds from an Irish Bowl were also found here and are currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1913:46]. DOW 005:028 O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol. II, 134; Rose-Cleland 1895, 255; Borlase 1897, 273; Hobson and Hobson 1907, 89; Dublin Penny Journal 1834, Vol II, No. 89, 293; Chart 1940, 83; Evans Field Notebook IX; Jope 1966, 80; ApSimon 1969, 64; Ó Nualláin 1983, 81 and 95.

HILLSBOROUGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 92m OD; CS 14; IG 184; J 2336 5852 This site was uncovered, during a road improvement scheme for the A1. Archaeological remains at the site included a series of intercutting field boundaries, seven ring ditches, sixteen cremations (six of which were contained within pots), a possible timber circle, an oval structure, two semi-circular structures and a series of possible storage pits. Seven ring ditches, a C-shaped feature and sixteen cremations were excavated. DOW [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2008. HILLSBOROUGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 90m OD; CS 14; IG 184; J 2300 5850+ The urn from this site, which is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast (UM 3935/K6), was described by Evans as from Hillsborough and by ApSimon as being from Downshire Estate. When discussed by Evans (1938), he described the decoration as an ‘irregular pattern of simple cord impressions is confined between plain zones, the lower of which is raised slightly to form a subdued “cordon”.’ This site has not been precisely located. DOW [Not in SMR] Abercromby 1912, 2 and fig. 550; Evans 1938, 192; ApSimon 1969, 65. HOLYWOOD: ASSEMBLAGE 60m OD; CS 1; IG 130; J 4100 7886 On a terrace of flat land, on a north-facing slope, the site overlooks a small burn to the west. There are no visible remains of this rath, discovered as a result of excavation in 1959. The site was noted, as consisting of a circular ditched enclosure, measuring c.35m in diameter, with some evidence for the enclosing ditch still surviving. Evidence was uncovered for occupation. Finds included souterrain ware, a bronze pin and an unfinished quern stone. A stone pavement and cobbled areas were also revealed. Excavation on the site in 1994 found several hearths and pits, but no traces of a ditch, suggesting this was an unenclosed encampment. Artefacts from the site range from Bronze Age (mostly flints) to early Christian (pottery). However, most of the finds were from topsoil stripping and not from secure contexts [NAC 2004]. DOW 001:003

Figure 246: Greengraves Bowl (DOW 005:028) (after Rose-Cleland 1895, 255) GREY ABBEY: FLINTS 5m OD; CS 11; IG 149; J 5970 5999 This site is also in Rosemount townland. A few late Mesolithic flints are known from this area, but no detailed information is currently available. DOW 011:043 McErlean et al. 2002, 434. 189

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND Proudfoot 1959, 102-106; Jope 1966, 165; Excavations.ie, 2004.

National Trust. DOW 024:034 Jope 1966, 69 No. 27 & Fig. 5; McAlister 2017.

HOLYWOOD: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 1; IG 130; J 4000 7950 This is on the shore line, north of the town of Holywood. Mesolithic artefacts were recovered here and are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. Due to the construction of a sea wall, built to protect the railway line, there are no remains of the natural shore line in situ visible. A cursory examination of the intertidal zone, suggested that most of the debris along the shore was recently placed there, as part of the construction of the coastal wall. DOW 001:005 Jope 1966, 69 & Fig. 5; Weatherup 1978, 26. INCH: GOLD BULLA 10m OD; CS 37; IG 224; J 4699 4488 This exquisite gold bulla was discovered in topsoil, fairly close to the surface, in October 2008. The hill, on which the bulla was found, would once have been a promontory in the Quoile tidal marshes, almost surrounded by water at high tide. The object itself is made of gold, in the form of a tiny purse or bag, measuring 3cm in length, 2.6cm in width and 1.8cm in depth. It has two main parts: the bag-shaped body and a tubular top section, which is open at both ends and fashioned from a single thin sheet of gold, which has been carefully cut and bent to shape. The main edge of the bag, where the faces meet, is decorated with a band of twelve, parallel, twisted gold wires, running continuously around the edges. Another band of four wires separated the body of the bag and tube at the top. The sheet gold back face and tube are in place. The front face is decorated with nine circular motifs, in a regular 3 by 3 pattern. Each motif consists of eight concentrically incised circles, with a sunken section at the centre, which contains a hole, through which a ball-headed stud emerges. DOW 037:117

Plate 48: Island Taggart Flints (DOW 024:034) (after McAlister 2017, 19) **KEENTAGH: ASSEMBLAGE 5m OD; CS 32; IG 207; J 6288 4949 This is also known as Millin Bay Cairn. This monument is set on blown sand, which covers the raised beach at Millin Bay on the seaward side of the Ards peninsula. To external appearance, it is a low oval mound of sand approximately 22.5m in length and 15m in width, surrounded by an oval setting of large standing stones. Excavation in 1953 revealed four more of these stones, with a further three arranged axially, on the long axis of the cairn and also a series of complex stone structures within the cairn. An outstanding feature of the site was the profusion of incised and pecked patterns on most of the upright slabs of the central oval setting, also on a few of those forming the long cist and on some of those in the filling of the central feature and in the bank that buttressed it on the outside. The patterns recognisable in this decoration included circles with and without a central dot, rayed circles, arcs, zigzags, triangles and lozenges and cup-marks. Apart from these patterns, which have their closest analogies with those of the Boyne and related passage-graves, the only dating evidence was given by a crushed bowl of Loughcrew type, found on the old land surface at the outer edge of the lower sand mound and also a few worked flints, most notably part of a polished flint axe, found in the fill of the central oval feature. Finds are held at HED and QUB. A small test excavation was carried out just south of the cairn in 2005, to examine the dry stone wall predating the cairn, noted in the original excavations. Large stones, from a collapsed wall, were identified only in the two trenches nearest the monument. Small pits with fill, flecked with charcoal were found in all three trenches, at a level above the wall. The only artefact recovered was a struck flint from a possible raised beach deposit in trench 2 (B. Hartwell, QUB, 2005). DOW 032:015 Chart 1940, 110; Collins, Waterman, Morton and Scott 1955; Waterman and Collins 1955; Jope 1966, 86-87 and fig. 57.

INCH: LOGBOAT 5m OD; CS 37; IG 224; J 4800 4550 This logboat was dredged from the River Quoile, close to the present road between Crossgar and Downpatrick. This site is adjacent to an ancient fording place. It is a partial dug out, with an incomplete oak floor. It measured 3m in length and 43cm, at its maximum width. This could be one half of an unfinished double or paired-hull dug out. A dendrochronology date of 2739±9 BC was obtained. DOW [Not in SMR] Fry 2000, 99. ISLAND TAGGART: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 24; IG 206; J 5330 5430 This long island lies close by the western shore of Strangford Lough, south of Castle Island in Ringdufferin. Three small hills rise along its spine. Jope (1966) has reported that Mesolithic material, which was found on this island, is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. Two further Mesolithic flints were found here during a survey by the Ulster Archaeological Society in 2012. These two artefacts are currently held by the 190

INVENTORY no specific period has been determined. Their current whereabouts are unknown. DOW 017:035 Woodman 1978, 297. KILLINCHY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 40m OD; CS 17; IG 186; J 4950 6000 A Bronze Age collared urn was recovered here. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A325.1911]. ApSimon recorded this as a cordoned urn, also held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 1911:327]. It is probably the same vessel. DOW 017:040 ApSimon 1969, 62 & 65; McErlean et al. 2002, 453. KILMORE: BRONZE PIN 40m OD; CS 13; IG 163; J 4300 5200+ A bronze sunflower pin, designated as a Class II type of the late Bronze Age, was reported to have been found here. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM.1911.1138]. DOW [Not in SMR] Hodges 1956, 29-56.

Plate 49: Keentagh Burial Cairn (DOW 032:015) KILBRONEY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 31m OD; CS 55; IG 278/284; J 1800 1900+ This site was reported by Knox (1875), who described it as a cave, in which were found ‘broken urns containing calcined human bones.’ The location was given as the Parish of Kilbroney, but Evans (1938), suggests this may have been in Kilfeaghan, Ballintur or Ballinran townlands. This site has not been precisely located. DOW [Not in SMR] Knox 1875, 362; Evans 1938, 49.

KIRCUBBIN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 10m OD; CS 18; IG 168; J 6046 6361 A local informant, whose family own the lands, reported that in the late 1940s/early 1950s a possible prehistoric site was uncovered, during the ploughing of fields. This took place north of the house and not far from the area of the Holy Well (DOW 018:030). The site was composed of a number of large stones – possibly a cist that had snagged on the plough. There was a spread of smaller stones around the larger ones. From this general area, a ‘dark brown bowl or pot’ was found. It was then deposited in the ditch at the side of the field. Tubber House is in an elevated position, overlooking Strangford Lough. DOW 018:031

KILCLIEF: STONE AXE HEAD 10m OD; CS 39; IG 225; J 5950 4550 A Neolithic stone axe head was found here. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1941:499]. DOW 039:007

KIRCUBBIN: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 18; IG 168; J 5930 6240 This site is also known as Monaghan Bank. Woodman described this material as having come from around the edges of a large drumlin, to the south of Kircubbin. Only one finished tool is present. It is a heavily patinated end scraper. The knapping debris suggests early and late Mesolithic activity. DOW 018:032 Woodman 1978, 298.

**KILFEAGHAN: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) & FLINTS 40m OD; CS 55; IG 283; J 2322 1535 This is a portal tomb, which is also known as Kilfeaghan Dolmen. The monument is on ground, which gradually slopes down from the north. The site enjoys unrestricted views to the south. Local inhabitants recall an unrecorded excavation in the chamber about 1912-14, when bones and pottery were found. Subsequently, flint scrapers and coarse Neolithic sherds, with internally bevelled rims, had been picked up on what was probably the excavators’ spoil-heap, which lay outside the chamber. DOW 055:018 Borlase 1897, Vol. 1, 285; Evans 1937, 242-248; Evans 1938, 7-19; Chart 1940, 139; Collins 1959, 30 -32; Jope 1966, 80 and fig. 49; Evans 1967, 226 No. 32 and Field Notebook IV, 73-74 and VII, 40-42; Ó Nualláin 1983, 81 and 96; Day and McWilliams 1990, Vol. 3, 29, 31 and 39.

KIRCUBBIN: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 18; IG 168; J 5900 6250 This small collection of flints was recovered near Kircubbin and is now held in private ownership. DOW 018:033 McErlean et al. 2002, 435. KIRCUBBIN: BRONZE AXE HEADS (2) 15m OD; CS 18; IG 168; J 5950 6250 Two Bronze Age socketed axes were recovered here. They are now held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [1927.2826].

KILLINAKIN: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 17; IG 168; J 5200 6100 A small group of flints was collected from the foreshore at this site. Woodman suggests these are Mesolithic, but 191

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND DOW 018:034 Hodges 1956, 29-56; McErlean et al. 2002, 454.

DOW 032:024 Ó Floinn 1979, 85; Waddell 1990, 79.

KIRKISTOWN: BEEHIVE QUERN 10m OD; CS 25; IG 188; J 6449 5812 This lower part of a beehive quern was found near Kirkistown. It measured 39cm in length, 41cm in width and 9cm in thickness. It has been dated to the Iron Age. DOW 025:034 Caulfield 1977, 131.

KNOCKSTICKEN: BRONZE AXE HEAD 15m OD; CS 44; IG 240; J 4062 3932 This small bronze palstave was found by the landowner, Mr G. Hay, and reported to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [RS 2001.1] for recording. It was attributed to the middle Bronze Age (1500-1000 BC). It remains in the possession of Mr Hay. DOW 044:056

KNOCK: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINT FLAKE 15m OD; CS 4; IG 147; J 3800 7300 This site was reported in 1894 and again by Waddell (1990), who described a vase urn inverted, containing cremated bones, but with no mention of a cist. A flint flake was found with the bones. A radiocarbon date of 3620±40 BP is recorded in Brindley (2007). ApSimon recorded a similar find, which is probably the same site. It is in an area marked Sand Pits on the third edition OS map. Finds are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 634:1914]. DOW [Not in SMR] PBNHPS 1894-5, 44; Jope 1966, 61, Waddell 1990, 79; Brindley 2007, 121.

LACKAN: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 50m OD; CS 42; IG 239; J 2350 3650+ A bronze socketed spearhead was found about 1887, at a depth of 1.8m below ground level in Lackan Bog on Kennedy’s farm, about 4.8km from Rathfriland. Some wooden objects were reported to have been found along with the spearhead, which measured 17cm in length. The artefacts are held in private ownership. DOW [Not in SMR] Evans 1947, 66-68.

KNOCK: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 15m OD; CS 4/5; IG 147; J 3790 7230 This site, at Neill’s Hill, was reported by Collins in 1965, who described a food vessel, similar to one from Mount Stewart. Decoration was described as including ‘both zonation and the use of chevron elements. It is executed by incision and broad shallow tooling and not by cord impressions’ (Collins 1965, 73). It is held at the Ulster Museum Collection in Belfast [UM 524.1925]. DOW [Not in SMR] Collins 1965, 71-77; ApSimon 1969, 62. Figure 247: Lackan Spearhead (Not in SMR) (after Evans 1947, 66)

KNOCK: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 15m OD; CS 4; IG 147; J 3830 7350 An Irish Bowl was reported to have been found at Sandown and donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 1911:322]. DOW [Not in SMR] ApSimon 1969, 60.

LARGYMORE: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) 55m OD; CS 14; IG 165; J 2773 6345 Excavations at a site known as Strawberry Hill, in advance of the construction of a garden centre, uncovered an early Neolithic house, middle to late Neolithic pits, a Bronze Age pit, Iron Age ring ditches and an early Christian pit. The early Neolithic house structure measured 7m in length and 5m in width, with an internal floor space of 32.5 square metres. It was formed from post and stake holes, set into a slot trench, with an entrance facing south-east. The fill of the slot trench produced quantities of Neolithic pottery and charred grain. The grain was radiocarbon dated, producing a date of 3720–3640 cal. BC. Located to the north and east of the structure was a series of pits. These pits were dispersed and did not form any regular pattern. Neolithic pottery was recovered from several of the pits and one of the pits returned a date of 2870–2570 cal. BC. The only Bronze Age feature on the site was a single pit, which had been cut by the later Iron Age barrow. Charcoal from the pit returned a date of 820–760 cal. BC. The Iron Age was represented on the site by two

KNOCKINELDER: BRONZE AXE HEAD 10m OD; CS 32; IG 207; J 6347 5105 This is in a triangular field, beside the western shore of Knockinelder Bay, next to the road to Quintin Bay, beside which is a raised beach. The surface is flat, except for a gentle circular rise at the northern end. In 1868 ‘a large stone Coffin together with human bones, teeth, and a few arrows’ were found by the ploughman of Mr J. Curran. A descendant of Mr Curran pointed out the field as being the site of an old cemetery. A flat bronze axehead is said to have been found in 1868 in this ‘large stone coffin [cist].’ This has been classified as of Harbison’s Type Derryniggin. This appears to be the exception to the rule, because axeheads are never found in burial contexts. A local booklet mentioned several cist burials in the area and claimed that dark rings can be seen in the grass. 192

INVENTORY LOUGHKEELAN: ASSEMBLAGE 92m OD; CS 38; IG 225; J 5525 4606 On a rocky knoll, with extensive views, this site was excavated by Collins in 1953. It is a round cairn, measuring 16.5m north-south, 17m east-west and standing 1.5m at its maximum height. The excavation showed that much of the apparent cairn was rock outcrop, to which was added a deposit 0.3m-0.45m thick of earth, clay and stones. A central grave contained a poorly preserved inhumation, of which little except the leg bones and part of the skull had survived. There were no grave goods and the general character was that of a Christian burial. A small stone was found near the burial, bearing a simple incised cross. Other finds included flints, a spindle whorl, thirteenth century pottery and a sixteenth century coin (a groat from the reign of Philip and Mary). DOW 038:016 Davies 1944, 119; Collins et al. 1957, 29-34; Jope 1966, 85.

ring ditches. Believed to have been barrows, ring ditch 1 measured 6.3m in diameter and its fill contained large amounts of charcoal and burnt bone. By contrast, ring ditch 2 measured 5.55m in diameter and its fill contained some charcoal and less than 1g of burnt bone. Ring ditch 1 returned dates of 410–360 cal. BC and 280–260 cal. BC and ring ditch 2 returned dates of 360–290 cal. BC and 240–50 cal. BC. A single isolated pit, with no artefactual material, but with frequent charcoal flecking, returned a date of 400–750 cal. AD. DOW [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2010. LEITRIM: FLINT JAVELIN HEAD 130m OD; CS 48; IG 267/268; J 2250 2850+ This is described as a ‘lozenge javelin head, found at Leitrim Td, nr Hilltown’ (Jope 1966, 64). A similar axe head was found in the adjacent townland of Ballyaughian (see above) (Flanagan 1981-1982, 185). DOW [Not in SMR] Jope 1966, 64.

MAGHERANA: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 30m OD; CS 20; IG 183; J 1000 5500 An Irish Bowl was reported to have been found at Waringstown, in association with a ‘Passage Grave?’ and cremation (ApSimon). The grid reference given is in Magherana townland, but there are no known megalithic tombs or prehistoric burial sites in this area. DOW [Not in SMR] Jope 1966, 12 & Fig. 23; ApSimon 1969, 60.

LISMORE: DECORATED STONE 15m OD; CS 38; IG 225; J 5700 4220 This site was described by O’Laverty as follows; ‘Mr. Smith of Lismore has a large slab of flag stone which was found many years ago on his farm. It is curiously carved with spirals and volutes and much resembles in ornamentation at the entrance to New Grange’. This slab is also briefly referred to, in Davidson’s article on inscribed rocks. Enquiries at the time failed to locate the site. Recent efforts by a local man have also failed to locate this stone. DOW 038:041 O’Laverty 1878-1895, Vol. 1, 177; Davidson 1950, 41.

MAHEE ISLAND: STONE AXE HEADS (3) 15m OD; CS 17; IG 168; J 5240 6360 Three Neolithic polished stone axe heads were discovered during excavations here in 1923. They are now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1929:1661]. DOW 017:005 McErlean et al. 2002, 446.

LISNABREENY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 123m OD; CS 9; IG 147; J 3826 7033 This site incorporated five fields, which are planned to become an extension to Roselawn cemetery. The archaeology, which was uncovered, consisted of three, isolated, large pits and a projected circular structure, with an internal diameter of 5.6m. This structure contained four sherds of possible Bronze Age pottery, with two associated post holes on the outer periphery. The circular structure lay on an area of high ground, which was situated c.130m above sea level. This is a site, which would have been both conspicuous, with commanding views across the lower ground, to the east and south of the area. Possible interpretations of this feature are a ring barrow, which would originally have enclosed a low mound and contained cremations. A second possibility was that this was part of a wall slot for a circular Bronze Age house structure, with the outer post holes, representing additional structural support. Approximately two thirds of the ditch exists beyond the baulk of the test trench. DOW [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2009. Waddell 1990, 79.

MAHEE ISLAND: FLINT BLADE 15m OD; CS 17; IG 168; J 5238 6352 A late Mesolithic butt-trimmed blade was found on the shores of Mahee Island. No other information is currently available. DOW 017:032 MAHEE ISLAND: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 17; IG 168; J 5244 6363 A number of pieces are known from the Grey, Bell and Kirk Collections, mostly dating to the late Mesolithic, but with some elements from the early Mesolithic. Items are now held at Down County Museum in Downpatrick, the Ulster Museum in Belfast and also the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. DOW 017:036 Woodman 1978, 297. MAYO: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 140m OD; CS 51; IG 267; J 1550 2600 A burial cairn was reported in the Dublin Penny Journal in 1835, as being discovered on a farm occupied by James Campbell. The excavator, Mr. Isaac Glenny, removed the cairn of stones and uncovered a cist burial. In it was found a large quantity of cremated bone and an urn 193

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND MOUNT ALEXANDER: FLINTS 20m OD; CS 10; IG 148; J 4510 7040 A large quantity (220 items) of Mesolithic flints was recovered by Peter Carr from a ploughed field, close to the Enler River in Comber in 1986. These included microliths, retouched blades, arrowheads, an awl, scrapers, axe heads, cores and flakes. It was thought that the site contained at least two early Mesolithic habitation sites. DOW [Not in SMR] Carr 1987, 157-158.

‘tastefully though rudely ornamented.’ This site has not been precisely located. DOW [Not in SMR] Dublin Penny Journal Vol. IV No. 169, 26 September 1835, 97-98. MAYO: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINT ARROWHEADS 140m OD; CS 51; IG 267; J 1550 2600 This flat cemetery site was reported in the Dublin Penny Journal in 1835, as being discovered in December 1827. ‘Mr. Glenny discovered six ancient urns, curiously ornamented, each containing a quantity of calcined bones. One of them contained a small vessel.’ It was also reported that Mr. Glenny had discovered a total of ten urn burials, in and around Mayo townland. He also discovered a cist burial. The cist is estimated to measure 0.45m in length and 0.3m in width. This cist contained bones and flint arrowheads. This site has not been precisely located. DOW [Not in SMR] Dublin Penny Journal Vol. IV No. 169, 26 September 1835, 97-98; Waddell 1990, 79. MAYO: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 170m OD; CS 51; IG 267; J 1500 2500 This site was reported by ApSimon (1969) and by Ó Ríordáin and Waddell (1993) as ‘near Newry’ with a constricted bowl (ORW46). It was also associated with a skeleton 3952/K36. Brindley (2007) recorded a radiocarbon date of 3240±30 BP (1607-1570 BC, cal 2 sigma). The grid reference given by ApSimon would place the site in Mayo townland. The two Irish Bowls are held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 3933: K 33 & 3952: K 36]. DOW [Not in SMR] ApSimon 1969, 60; Ó Ríordáin and Waddell 1993, 105; Brindley 2007, 57.

Figure 248: Mount Alexander Flints (Not in SMR) (after Carr 1987, 158)

MAZE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 40m OD; CS 14; IG 164/165; J 2200 6100 This site was reported in Jope, as a collared urn from a small mound at the Maze racecourse. It is possible that it was found with a biconical cup. This site has not been precisely located, but the pottery is held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1876:1427]. DOW [Not in SMR] Jope61; ApSimon 1969, 64; Waddell 1990, 79.

MOUNT STEWART: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 10m OD; CS 11; IG 149; J 5624 6938 This is a multiple cist cairn, which was originally located north-east of the Temple of the Winds. In 1786, stones from the cairn were removed to be used in drainage. It is recorded as measuring 1.8m-2.4m in height and approximately c.18m in diameter. It contained a rectangular central cist, which measured 1.7m in length and 0.7m in width. It also contained fifteen smaller cists, which were grouped in a quadrant south-west/south-east. Each contained a food vessel at the western end, with cremated bone and charcoal. The central cist and one smaller cist survived until 1935, when they were moved 103.5m north-east and supposedly reconstructed. The bowls are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 1911:330, 336]. The monument has been de-scheduled. DOW 011:009 Stephenson 1861-1862, 111-113; Evans and Megaw 1937, 29-42; Chart 1940, 89; Evans Field Notebook VII, 46; Jope 1966, 85; Waddell 1990, 79.

MILECROSS: BRONZE RINGED PIN 31m OD; CS 5; IG 131; J 4800 7400 Although not precisely located, an Iron Age bronze ring-headed pin was found here. It was almost straight, but slightly curved at the shoulder. It measured 11cm in length and was thought to be incised with La Tène decoration. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. DOW [Not in SMR] McErlean et al. 2002, 457.

194

INVENTORY DOW 011:023 Woodman 1978, 302; McErlean et al. 2002; Murray 2004. MOUNT STEWART: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & GOLD EAR RING 10m OD; CS 11; IG 149; J 5620 6930 A Bronze Age twisted gold earring was recovered here, as well as food vessels. These objects are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. DOW 011:049 Flanagan 1964, 73-95; McErlean et al. 2002, 454.

Figure 251: Mount Stewart Ear Ring (DOW 011:049) (after Flanagan 1964, Pl. XI) MOUNT STEWART: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 11; IG 149; J 5600 6840 This is an oyster midden or relict oyster bed, noted during the Strangford Lough Survey. Some worked flint had also been found at this site. MRD 149:016 McErlean et al. 2002, 487; Murray 2004.

Figure 249: Mount Stewart Bowls (DOW 011:009) (after Stephenson 1861-1862, Pl. 1)

MOYALLAN: BRONZE AXE HEAD 30m OD; CS 26; IG 201; J 0550 5050+ A bronze, flat axe head was reported to have been found in the vicinity of Moyallon House, near Gilford. It measured 17.1cm in length, 8.5cm in width and 1.1cm in thickness. It was donated to Armagh County Museum. DOW [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 37. *MULLAGHMORE: ASSEMBLAGE 211m OD; CS 47; IG 267; J 1928 2722 This is also known as Murphy’s Fort and is on high ground, with excellent views all around. This site is contiguous with DOW 047:097 and both sites were excavated in 1948/1949. It consisted of a barrow, measuring c.25m in diameter, which had been built over a pit, surrounded by a bank and internal ditch. The pit contained numerous potsherds, flint scrapers, a very small blue glass bead and the cremated bones of at least four individuals. The sherds were late Bronze Age. Adjacent is an arrangement of five standing stones. A large pot and two cremations were found with them. Burl (1995) suggested that these standing stones formed part of a stone circle. DOW 047:096 Dublin Penny Journal 1835, Vol. IV, No. 169, 97-98; Davies 1944, 119; Mogey 1949, 82-88; Mogey et al. 1956, 11-28; Jope 1966, 93; Evans 1967, 224-225, No. 14; Waddell 1990, 80; Burl 1995, 193-194.

Figure 250: Mount Stewart Bowls (DOW 011:009) (after Stephenson 1861-1862, Pl. 2) MOUNT STEWART: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 11; IG 149; J 5600 6850 This site is also known as Temple Midden. Finds of Mesolithic flints have been recorded from fields and also from the foreshore. At the time of this visit, the fields were planted in barley. Only one probable flint flake, measuring 5cm in length, which displayed possible secondary working and signs of rolling, was found on the foreshore. 195

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND MURLOUGH LOWER: ASSEMBLAGE 15m OD; CS 43; IG 255; J 3926 3320 This site, which is located in the sand dunes within Murlough Bay, was excavated by Pat Collins in 1950 and again in 1958. He uncovered a habitation site, dating to the late Neolithic period, which consisted of two post holes. These probably formed supports for a makeshift dwelling. A U-shaped arc of stake holes nearby, possibly acted as a windbreak. A large quantity of Sandhills ware and also decorated late Neolithic pottery was recovered, along with worked flint, with flakes and cores, suggesting this may have been a seasonally occupied manufacturing site. Irish bowl pottery was also found and is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 357:1959]. DOW 043:094 Collins 1952, 2-26; 1959, 5-20; Addyman 1967.

bracken and with a selection of seaside flora, typical of Murlough Nature Reserve. Many small finds, consisting of flints, potsherds, bronze artefacts, concentrations of shells and bones and metallic slag, have been found in or on dark bands, which occurred within the sand. Dates ranged from the Neolithic through to the Medieval period. A number of excavations were carried out in various places on the dunes, during which artefacts, normally associated with different periods, appeared in the same stratification. DOW 044:034 MURLOUGH LOWER: ASSEMBLAGE 5m OD; CS 44; IG 255; J 4110 3440 Sherds of Neolithic pottery, flints, charcoal and a piece of pumice stone were found together during a ‘dig’ by Cleland in 1929. The pottery included ‘plain, grooved and corded wares’ (Evans) and the pumice is thought to have been washed ashore, having floated on ocean currents from a volcanic eruption elsewhere. DOW [Not in SMR] Cleland and Evans, 1942, 11-13.

MURLOUGH LOWER: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 15m OD; CS 43; IG 255; J 3973 3340 This site, which appeared as a turf line in the sand dunes of Murlough Bay, was excavated by Pat Collins in 1952. The turf line was 1.54m above the raised beach level and measured 0.3m in thickness. The portion, which was excavated, contained abundant pot sherds, domesticated animal bones and three nondescript flint flakes. The site is difficult to date, as the pottery resembles both the Souterrain ware of early Christian times and the bucketshaped wares, which appeared in the late Neolithic, but which also continued to be used throughout the Bronze Age. Sherds of European Bell Beaker pottery were also recovered. DOW 043:095 Collins 1959, 5-20; ApSimon 1969, 28-72. MURLOUGH LOWER: ASSEMBLAGE 10m OD; CS 44; IG 240; J 4031 3394 This site is currently classified as Cist Burials in the SMR. It is one of several sites, which were recorded in the sand dunes around Dundrum Bay, along with DOW 049:021, DOW 043:094, DOW 043:095 and DOW 044:034. The cist burials were first identified by Professor Evans and Miss Gaffikin in 1948. When they removed the contents, a mixture of burnt sand and partially cremated bones were found. Also noted was the presence of abundant worked flint and sherds of pottery, bronze artefacts and metal slag. The cists were re-excavated in 1950 and 1951 by Pat Collins and referred to as Cist I, Cist II and Cist III. Cist I was found to have an encircling ditch. The area was found to contain artefacts, which dated from the Neolithic through to early Christian periods, suggesting continuity of human occupation, over a long period of time. DOW 044:033 Collins 1952, 2-26; Jope 1966, 92-93; Addyman 1967; Waddell 1990, 78.

Figure 252: Murlough Lower Assemblage (Not in SMR) (after Cleland and Evans 1942, 13) MURLOUGH LOWER: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & STONE RING 5m OD; CS 44; 240; J 4030 3540 This site was reported by Carruthers in 1858. It had been discovered by workmen, during the construction of the Downshire Bridge. Ten urn burials were uncovered, at a depth of 1m below ground level. They were positioned about one metre apart. All, except one, was inverted, rested on flat stones and contained cremated human bone. One urn also contained a stone ring, possibly of shale. Only two urns survived and were presented to Lady Downshire at Hillsborough Castle. This site has not been precisely located. DOW [Not in SMR] Carruthers 1858, 164; Waddell 1990, 78.

MURLOUGH LOWER: ASSEMBLAGE 15m OD; CS 44; IG 240; J 4031 3394 These sites are on the western (landward) side of a raised beach, in undulating sand dunes. They were covered in 196

INVENTORY

Figure 253: Murlough Lower Urns (Not in SMR) (after Carruthers 1858, 164)

Figure 255: Murlough Upper Flints (Not in SMR) (after McComb 2005, 173)

MURLOUGH LOWER: STONE BATTLE AXE HEAD 5m OD; CS 44; IG 255; J 4030 3500+ This battle axe head was recovered from Murlough, which also includes Murlough Upper townland. It has been classified as being of the Early Series (Early Bronze Age) by Derek Simpson. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1922]. DOW [Not in SMR] Simpson 1990, 18.

MURLOUGH UPPER: FLINT SCRAPERS (2) 30m OD; CS 49; IG 269; J 3700 3000+ A flint end scraper was found at Newcastle. It measured 2.5cm in length, 3.1cm in width and 0.6cm in thickness. It was donated to Armagh County Museum. Another end scraper from here became part of the Fawcett Collection. In 1966 it was purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A48.1966]. DOW [Not in SMR] Flanagan et al. 1968, 33-52; Weatherup 1978, 27. MURLOUGH UPPER: FLINT JAVELIN HEADS (2) & ARROWHEADS (6) 30m OD; CS 49; IG 269; J 3700 3000+ Two flint javelin heads, one of which was tanged, were recovered near Newcastle. They were donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 628-629.1961]. Also found were four barbed and tanged arrowheads [NMI 637-640.1961], a leaf-shaped flint arrowhead [NMI 641.1961] and a sub-triangular shaped arrowhead [NMI 642.1961]. DOW [Not in SMR] Prendergast and Lucas 1963, 115-133. Hodges 1956, 29-56.

Figure 254: Murlough Lower Battle Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Simpson 1990, 18-19) MURLOUGH UPPER: FLINT HOARD 30m OD; CS 49; IG 269; J 3700 3000+ Five flints were found in the area of the Shimna River, between 1994 and 2003. These were identified as a flake, two blades, a concave scraper and a barbed and tanged arrowhead. The items have been divided between private ownership and the Ulster Museum in Belfast. DOW [Not in SMR] McComb 2005, 172-173.

NUNS QUARTER: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 18; IG 168; J 5904 6420 This site is in a raised beach, on the shores of Bloody Burn Bay, which lies on the east coast of Strangford Lough. During the excavation of a building site, a large amount of Mesolithic material was unearthed. The Ulster Museum in Belfast carried out an archaeological excavation on the site and declared it to be a midden. The site is now revetted by a modern stone wall. The finds have been retained by the property owner. DOW 018:029 McErlean et al. 2002, 436. 197

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND OULEY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 185m OD; CS 15; IG 166; J 3820 6269 This flat cemetery site was investigated, in advance of a quarry extension at Cashel Quarry. In the northern portion of the site, the remains of a small ring ditch cemetery were uncovered, which consisted of a line of four annular ring ditches, the diameters of three of which measured 4.7m, 2.25m and 1.84m internally. Each contained a central cremation burial, set along a northwest/south-east orientation. Within the southern portion of the excavation area, a larger ring ditch, measuring 5.84m in diameter internally, was identified along with a number of simple pit cremation burials. Subsequent excavation confirmed the existence of the four ring ditch burials, as well as a further seven simple pit cremations and a largely intact urn burial. Excavation of the larger ring ditch revealed that, unlike the smaller ring ditches, it consisted of a penannular ditch, with an entrance to the east, which truncated an earlier rectangular postholed structure. This ring ditch also contained the remains of five elongated subsoil grave cuts. Each proved to be sterile of any human remains, with the exception of one molar tooth, which was recovered from the southernmost grave. A further six grave cuts, of varying degrees of truncation, were also uncovered to the east and north-east of the ring ditch. DOW [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2010; 2011.

evidence of archaeological remains was recorded (G&L, June 2003). DOW 002:013 Jope 1966, 96 No. 285; Collins 1976, 70. PRIEST TOWN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 30m OD; CS 24; IG 187/206; J 5800 5500 This site was reported in Jope, as a vase urn inverted on a stone slab in a pit. The urn contained the cremated bones of one individual, probably a male. This site has not been precisely located, but the urn is held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 632:1932]. DOW [Not in SMR] Jope 1966, 61; Waddell 1990, 80. RAFFREY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 16; IG 186; J 4690 5892 This is probably the rath that MacAdam referred to when describing finds of ‘gold and silver coins, as well as other valuable articles’. He goes on to describe ‘a quarter of a mile from this fort, in a hollow field, several flat stones of great size were found, on raising which several graves were discovered containing earthen urns filled with ashes’. This is the area, in which a bronze cauldron was also found. DOW 016:021 MacAdam 1857, 82-90. RAFFREY: BRONZE CAULDRON 60m OD; CS 16; IG 186; J 4650 5850+ A bronze cauldron was reported to have been found, while cutting turf in a bog here. MacAdam records that ‘other objects of antiquity have been found in the same vicinity, especially at a small lake called the “Dumb Lough”, which adjoins the bog, and where numbers of warlike implements and some quern-stones were dug up’. The cauldron was found 1.5m from the ground surface, but local people suggested that the original ground surface was 12m above that again. The cauldron measured 36cm in height and 56cm in diameter, with two opposing rings, 14cm in diameter located at the rim. It was constructed of sheet bronze, riveted together. DOW [Not in SMR] MacAdam 1857, 82-90.

PORTAFERRY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 30m OD; CS 32; IG 207; J 6000 5100 This site was reported in Jope as located in Portaferry. It was described by Waddell as being a flat cemetery, from which a biconical cup, containing cremated bones was recovered from a gravel pit. Eight other different vessels were also recovered. Brindley (2007) recorded a radiocarbon date of 3530±40 BP (1963-1745 BC, cal 2 sigma) from ‘cremation (male?) covered by inverted vase urn on slab, in pit’. This is presumably one of the other vessels referred to by Waddell. This site has not been precisely located, but the finds are held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 1911:315]. DOW [Not in SMR] Jope , 61; ApSimon 1969, 63 & 65; Waddell 1990, 80; Brindley 2007, 121. PORTAVOE: FLINTS 10m OD; CS 2; IG 116; J 5720 8197 A standing stone is located in the south-eastern corner of the garden of Kilcarron, close to a mortared stone wall, which was constructed in the late 1960s, just prior to which an excavation was carried out. The stone measured 2.5m in height, 1.5m in width and 0.6m in thickness. Excavation showed it to have been set in a socket c.0.6m in depth, dug into the shingle of the raised beach. At a distance of 0.46m east of the stone was an oval socket for a similar sized stone, which has now vanished. A scatter of flint knapping debris was found at the base of the topsoil, which may have been contemporary (DM, 1993). Topsoil stripping was carried out under archaeological supervision on an area south-west of the stone. No

Figure 256: Raffrey Cauldron (Not in SMR) (after MacAdam 1857, Fig. 1) 198

INVENTORY REAGH ISLAND: FLINTS 10m OD; CS 11; IG 168; J 4250 6450 This site has not been precisely located, but was one of four sites identified by Woodman, referred to as Sites 8, 9, 10 and 11. Site 10 was associated with a small oyster midden and Site 11 was associated with two small middens. All material appears to be late Mesolithic and is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin and also at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. DOW 011:053 McErlean et al. 2002, 436.

REAGH ISLAND: FLINTS 10m OD; CS 11; IG 168; J 5250 6500 This has been classified as Mesolithic in date. A small midden was observed in this field, after ploughing. It is located on the top of a ridge at approximately the 10m OD. The site consists of an oval spread, measuring approximately 50m in length and 20m in width. The spread is composed mainly of periwinkle, with a small quantity of oyster shells. Some worked flint was also found in the vicinity. MRD 168:172

REAGH ISLAND: FLINTS 10m OD; CS 11; IG 168; J 4250 6450 This site was discovered during fieldwork in 2002. Flints were discovered on one of three fields on Reagh Island. The material appears to be of early and late Mesolithic date and is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. DOW 017:046 McErlean et al. 2002, 437.

RINGCREEVY: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 11; IG 149; J 4886 6901 This site, known as Island Hill, rises to over 15.4m from the mud flats north of the Comber River estuary, on the western shore of Strangford Lough. A farm sits on the summit, surrounded by fields. Scattered over the surfaces of the southern and eastern sides of the hill, is a large quantity of flint, showing various stages of abrasion. Although most of the flints are to be found on the lower part of the slopes, many are present on the top of the hill, above the 15.4m contour. The worked flints, which are mostly Mesolithic, are now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. DOW 011:013 Jope 1966, 69.

REAGH ISLAND: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 17; IG 168; J 5250 6450 Several Neolithic flint tools have been recovered from here. These include a preform for a transverse-type arrowhead, a plano-convex knife and two hollow scrapers. All are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A20, 193-194, 161-162]. DOW 017:051 McErlean et al. 2002, 446.

RINGCREEVY: STONE AXE HEADS (2) & FLINT ARROWHEAD 8m OD; CS 11; IG 148; J 4949 6886 This site, known as Rough Island, which is dated to the Mesolithic period, was excavated in 1935 by Professor H. Movius of Harvard University. Two Neolithic stone axes and also a leaf-shaped arrowhead were recovered. The material is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. DOW 011:014 Movius et al. 1940, 111-142; Jope 1966, 69-70; McErlean et al. 2002, 447; Moore 2003.

REAGH ISLAND: FLINTS 10m OD; CS 17; IG 168; J 5260 6520 This has been classified as Mesolithic in date. A dense spread of shell material was observed at this location, after ploughing. The site is located, just below the summit of a drumlin ridge. The spread covers an area, which measures approximately 30m in length and 20m in width. It is composed predominately of oysters, with some periwinkles, cockles and clams. A small scatter of worked flint was also found in the vicinity. Surface inspection suggests that this was formerly a substantial midden. MRD 168:100

RINGCREEVY: STONE AXE HEAD & FLINTS 15m OD; CS 11; IG 148; J 4880 6882 Planning permission was granted to Ards Borough Council to develop an area of land, adjacent to the current car park and picnic area, which is known as Island Hill. The area, which was proposed for the development, overlooked Rough Island. This is the location of a major prehistoric site, which was first investigated by Movius in the 1930s (DOW 011:013). Monitoring was carried out, in advance of the development. A large assemblage of flints was collected, although the majority were either natural pieces or debitage. Three flints were recovered, which could be interpreted as end scrapers, but only one of them displayed evidence of re-touch. A polished mudstone axehead, heavily scoured and pitted, was discovered at the south-east of the site. After the removal of topsoil, a series of deposits was identified towards the south-eastern extremity of the site. The raised beach itself was not present and had probably been truncated by agricultural activity. DOW [Not in SMR] Movius 1940; Macdonald and Moore 2004, 14-18.

REAGH ISLAND: FLINTS 10m OD; CS 17; IG 168; J 5250 6460 This has been classified as Mesolithic in date. A very decayed shell midden was observed in this field, after ploughing. The site is located just below the summit of a prominent drumlin ridge, which commands panoramic views over Ardmillan Bay to the west and Mahee Bay to the east. Both bays have extensive foreshores. The shell spread is concentrated in an oval area, measuring approximately 14m in length and 7m in width. The spread consists predominantly of periwinkle, with some very fragmentary oyster shells, as well as few mussel and cockle shells. Some worked flint was also found in the vicinity. MRD 168:171

199

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND RINGNEILL: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 11; IG 167; J 5068 6615 This site is within three fields, which lie around the base of a low ridge, running north-south. It is close to the western shore of Strangford Lough and about three quarters of a mile north-west of DOW 011:026, which is another Mesolithic site. All three fields are planted with crops and have a fair quantity of flints, showing different degrees of abrasion. There are several similar Mesolithic sites, all along the coast in this area. DOW 011:027 RINGNEILL: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 11; IG 168; J 5190 6600 This site is also known as Paddy’s Point. Two ploughed fields have produced flints, during fieldwork in 2000. A small group of heavily patinated flints were among those recovered. DOW 011:044 McErlean et al 2002, 438. RINGNEILL: FLINT AXE & FLINTS 15m OD; CS 11; IG 168; J 5190 6600 This site is also known as Paddy’s Point. Two ploughed fields produced flints here, during fieldwork in 2000. This site is immediately to the south of DOW 011:044 (Ringneill). An early Mesolithic flake axe was recovered. Late Mesolithic and later prehistoric material was also present. DOW 011:045 McErlean et al. 2002, 438.

Figure 257: Ringcreevy Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Macdonald and Moore 2004, 16) RINGHADDY: STONE AXE HEAD 20m OD; CS 24; IG 187; J 5350 5870 A Neolithic stone axe head was found here. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1929:1690]. DOW 024:048 McErlean et al. 2002, 446.

RINGNEILL: STONE AXE HEADS (2) 15m OD; CS 11; IG 167; J 5070 6550 Two Neolithic stone axe heads were found here. They are currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1939:500-01]. DOW 011:047 McErlean et al. 2002, 447.

RINGNEILL: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 11; IG 167; J 5225 6535 The site was exposed in a small cliff face, west of Ringneill Quay. It was excavated between 1955 and 1956 and again in 1961, exposing c.2.8m of deposits, which rest on sandy clay. The deposits progressed up through sand into a shell bed. A few Mesolithic flint flakes and cores were found immediately below the shell bed and also in the gravel of the exposed beach. The bones of ox, pig and sheep or goat were found in the sand below the shell bed, with quantities of charcoal. Two small hearths were found on top of the exposed beach. Radiocarbon dates were obtained from this site. The finds are currently held by HED. DOW 011:017 Stephens et al. 1960/1961; Godwin and Willis 1962, 57; Jope 1966, 70.

ROSEMOUNT: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 11; IG 149; J 5850 6780 Several late Mesolithic flakes are known from South Island and are currently held within the collections of Down County Museum in Downpatrick. DOW 011:051 McErlean et al. 2002, 438. ROSSCONOR: BRONZE AXE HEAD 100m OD; CS 41; IG 253; J 2050 3400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. The bronze socketed axe head, which has given its name to a sturdy type of axe heads, is known as the Rossconor Type. The townland is located just north of Rathfriland. DOW [Not in SMR] Waddell 1998, 262-263.

RINGNEILL: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 11; IG 167; J 5155 6551 This site comprises a pair of adjoining fields of heavy soil, planted with cabbage, gently rising from the mud flats on the western side of Ringneill Bay. It is separated from the tide by a field drain, low bank and dirt track. It lies about three quarters of a mile south-east of DOW 011:027, which is another Mesolithic site. Both fields contain a fair scattering of flints, which display varying degrees of abrasion. DOW 011:026 200

INVENTORY SAINT JOHNS POINT: STONE CLUB 5m OD; CS 45; IG 257; J 5250 3370 This stone club was found, by chance, on a beach at St Johns Point. The findspot was not precisely located. The club was made of greywacke and measured 40cm in length. It has been attributed to the late Mesolithic period. DOW [Not in SMR] Mallory and McNeill 1991, 26-27. Figure 258: Rossconor Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Waddell 1998, 263)

Figure 259: Saint Johns Point Stone Club (Not in SMR) (after Mallory & McNeill 1991, 27)

ROUND ISLAND: ASSEMBLAGE 15m OD; CS 24; IG 187; J 5641 6278 Round Island is located 0.5km from the eastern shore of Strangford Lough and 1.7km south-west of a major medieval site in Ardkeen townland. The island itself is roughly circular, measuring approximately 100m in diameter and around 0.8 hectares internally. Its topography is relatively flat, apart from an unusual oval mound, now heavily disturbed by rabbit burrows. A number of archaeological features and potential archaeological features are recorded on the island, including a cleared slipway, wall, stone setting and duck decoy pond. An oval stone enclosure, measuring 30m in length and 20m in width, lies to the east of the central mound. During a small excavation in 1997, some Bronze Age pottery was recovered. Flint, burnt bone and a hone stone were also recovered. A further excavation was undertaken in 2003. Three stone features were recorded, comprising two wider features, which were possibly banks or walls and a possible wall footing. Several sherds of pottery were recovered, which appear to be late Bronze Age in date. Sherds of pottery, hammerstones, sawn antler and struck flint were also recovered. The presence of artefactual material of medieval date, such as glazed pottery, tanged iron knife blades and ironworking debris, indicated that at least one phase of later activity also took place here. DOW [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2003; Ó Néill and Williams 2013.

SAINTFIELD PARKS: FLESH HOOK 50m OD; CS 16; IG 185; J 4000 5900+ A flesh hook was reported to have been found ‘in a small rivulet near Saintfield, Co. Down’. It was described as being ‘typically Etruscan in character and the circumstances in which it was acquired do not inspire confidence in its history’. Armstrong goes on to say ‘it is of Iron Age date’. DOW [Not in SMR] Armstrong 1924, 117. SALT ISLAND: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 31; IG 206; J 5292 5020 Salt Island lies north-east of Gores Island, near the mouth of the estuary of the Quoile River. It has a line of three low, sheep grazed hills and terminates at the northern end in a raised beach. Worked flints of Mesolithic date have been found here and are recorded in Jope (1966, 69). A Neolithic leaf-shaped arrowhead was also recovered and is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. DOW 031:029 Jope 1966, 69. SAVAL MORE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 80m OD; CS 47; IG 252; J 1250 3010 This cremation burial consisted of a Pigmy cup and also an encrusted urn, which was photographed by R.J. Welch. They were found at Glenville, near Newry. The site cannot now be located. DOW 047:104 Kavanagh 1973, 507-617.

ROWREAGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 20m OD; CS 18; IG 168/169; J 6150 6150 This site was reported by Waddell (1990), as a short rectangular cist, with a massive capstone, which measured 69cm in length and 38 cm in width internally. Two cup-marks were reported on the inner surface of the south wall-slab. The cist contained a bowl, but no bones were noted. This site has not been precisely located. DOW [Not in SMR] Waddell 1990, 80.

*SCRABO: ASSEMBLAGE 138m OD; CS 5; IG 148; J 4764 7255 A complex of late Bronze Age and early Iron Age huts are spread across the top of Scrabo Hill, which is dominated by Scrabo Tower. It consists of several huts, within a 201

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND SCRABO: ASSEMBLAGE 130m OD; CS 5; IG 148; J 4740 7270 Finds included one Neolithic flint hollow-based arrowhead, forty-eight stone axe heads and a semiperforated macehead. Most of these are currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin, with some at the Ulster Museum in Belfast and some in private collections. DOW 005:077 McErlean et al. 2002, 447-448.

banked enclosure. The single huts are most numerous and are identified as low circular banks, measuring c.7m8m in diameter. Two huts, within the banked enclosures, were partially destroyed by the construction of the golf course. Three enclosures, measuring 22m-25m in diameter, contained several huts. Excavation produced a range of artefacts. DOW 005:022 Evans Field Notebook IV, 93-96; Chart 1940, 84; Jope 1966, 179-180; Griffiths [Undated]; Excavations.ie, 1970.

SCRABO: HOARD 130m OD; CS 5; IG 148; J 4740 7270 A range of Bronze Age tools has been recovered here, including three bronze flat axe heads, a decorated flat axe head, a flanged axe head, a decorated flanged axe head, sword, spearhead, socketed axe head, along with a flint barbed and tanged arrowhead. Most items are held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast, but others are held at the Hunt-Ball Museum in Limerick, the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [2/5/27] and St Albans Museum in England. DOW 005:079. Mahr 1930, 73-78. SHEEPLAND MORE: ASSEMBLAGE 15m OD; CS 38; IG 242; J 5806 3990 This site is on the western slope of a valley. The site was discovered in 1962 by locals, who found a stone axe and some pottery. Excavation of the site revealed a rock-cut staircase, extending down the slope. The finds recovered, from the occupation area at the top of the staircase, included flints and Bronze Age pottery. The polished stone axe, found by the informant, was of Tievebulliagh porcellanite. A stream, at the base of the valley, flows in

Figure 260: Scrabo Axe Heads (DOW 005:022) (after Griffiths not dated, 61) SCRABO: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 100m OD; CS 5; IG 148; J 4740 7270 On the east of Scrabo Hill, near its base, there was a large cairn locally named the Giant’s Grave, although its exact location is unknown. The cairn and internal cist were completely removed in the mid-nineteenth century and a description of the opening of the cairn was given in the Ulster Journal of Archaeology of 1855. This stated that upon the removal of the stones of the cairn a rectangular chamber (cist), measuring 1.5m in length and 0.9m in width was revealed, at the centre of which lay charred human bones. The remains of a pottery vessel were found within the cist and described as ‘the lower portion of an earthen vessel, of reddish burnt clay, and about the size of a large saucer, with rounded bottom’ (MacAdam 1855). A massive stone of 20-30 tons, probably a capstone, lay beside the cist, suggesting that this may once have been a portal tomb. A quantity of silver coins and part of a clay pipe were also found, suggesting more recent usage of the site to conceal valuables. DOW 005:025 MacAdam 1855, 315-320; Jope 1966, 450.

Figure 261: Sheepland More Assemblage (DOW 038:035) (after Waterman 1975, 87) 202

INVENTORY to what is now Newton Bog. The staircase may originally have led to a landing stage for boats. Finds are currently held by HED. DOW 038:035 Jope 1966, 100; ApSimon 1969, 65; Waterman 1975, 85-87.

in 1937. A cist burial was located 0.85m below ground level and contained several urns, four of which were identified as encrusted urns (Kavanagh 1973, 540). Some fragments of these were sent to the Ulster Museum in Belfast and one urn was re-constructed [UM 1911:331, 118:1953, 213 & 216:1952, 353:1923]. Also found were pieces of baked clay and poorly cremated bone. Davies examined the fragments and suggested they were from the later Bronze Age. The site is on low ground, beside the Comber River. It lies north of the town and on what are now school playing fields. The site appeared first on the 1858 OS 6-inch map and was marked as Urns Found (AD 1858). Topsoil stripping was carried out on the playing fields in 2005, under archaeological supervision prior to development. The only artefacts recovered were two pieces of late Mesolithic worked flint and three sherds of Bronze Age pottery, with traces of incised decoration, which were also recovered from re-deposited sand, at the northern end of the access road. DOW 010:027 Davies 1939, 184-185; ApSimon 1969, 62; Kavanagh 1973, 507-617.

STRANDTOWN: COIN 30m OD; CS 4; IG 130; J 3840 7490 A Roman copper coin was reported to have been found by a schoolboy in a marshy field behind Strathearn School in Belfast, in 1931. It had the inscription [DOMITIANU] over a distinct head on one side and a pillar on a pedestal with the letters [L.C.] on the other. This was a coin of Domitian, who was Roman Emperor between AD 81 and 96. At the time of reporting, the coin was in the possession of the Ancient Monuments Advisory Committee. DOW [Not in SMR] Anon 1931, 202-203. STRANGFORD LOWER: FLINT HOARD 10m OD; CS 32; IG 206; J 5850 4950+ Neolithic flint arrowheads were found within the Strangford area. However, the site has not been precisely located. These finds are now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1945:263-264]. DOW 032:036 McErlean et al. 2002, 449. TIRFERGUS: STONE AXE HEAD 60m OD; CS 42; IG 253; J 2100 3500+ A porcellanite axe head was reported to have been found at Hernes Farm, near Rathfriland. This is probably Herons Hill. The axe head is held in private ownership. DOW [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-60. TOLLYMORE PARK: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 138m OD; CS 49; IG 254; J 3194 3179 This is a round cairn in the Tollymore Forest Park and is known as ‘The King’s Grave’. Its diameter measures approximately 18m and it stands approximately 2.4m in height. The remains of an encircling kerb of slabs, some measuring up to 0.9m in length, can be traced. The remains of this cairn lie near the western boundary of Tollymore Forest Park. It is close to the Shimna River. It is a round mound, slightly truncated to the north. It is likely that some of the cairn material has been robbed for a dry stone wall to the south, as stones are scattered from the top of the mound, down the southern side. A circular depression, measuring 3.5m in diameter on top of the mound, is the result of excavation in 1905, when a large cist with a pot, probably a food vessel and also a number of bones were uncovered. DOW 049:002 Chart 1940, 135; Jope 1966, 86; Evans 1967, 223 No. 3; Waddell 1990, 80.

Figure 262: Town Parks [Comber] Urn (DOW 010:027) (after Kavanagh 1973, 586) TOWN PARKS [COMBER]: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 10m OD; CS 10; IG 148; J 4540 6890 A vase urn was reported as found at Andrew’s Flour Mill in Comber in 1858. It is currently held at QUB Archaeology Department. DOW [Not in SMR] Jope 1966, 22; ApSimon 1969, 63. TOWN PARKS [DONAGHADEE]: BRONZE CAULDRON 10m OD; CS 3; IG 132; J 5900 8000+ This bronze cauldron was reported to have been found at Donaghadee and ‘much broken’. It measured 33cm in height and 48cm in diameter at the mouth. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. DOW [Not in SMR] Armstrong 1924, 113.

TOWN PARKS [COMBER]: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 10m OD; CS 10; IG 148; J 4598 6949 This site was discovered by workmen at the new Public Elementary School, on the Darragh Road, in Comber 203

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND TULLYBOARD: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 32; IG 206; J 5992 4962 This site is on a raised beach, beside the coast road. It lies on the eastern shore of Strangford Lough, c.3.4m miles south of Portaferry and 20m from the foreshore. A thin layer of rough grass grows on the bank, with scrub. In 1950 it was reported that several Mesolithic flints, including blades and a flake from a hammerstone, were both found in situ in this bank, with some loose flints also in the scree. DOW 032:025 Jope 1966, 69, Fig. 56.

TULLYRAIN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 80m OD; CS 27; IG 221; J 1448 4659 The junction is located one mile to the north-east of the town of Banbridge, County Down, at the intersection of Dromore Road and the A1 bypass. The archaeology of Area 1 consisted of two large pits or troughs, containing a high concentration of fire-cracked stone and nine pits. Five of those nine pits contained a high concentration of fire-cracked stone. Two spreads of fire-residual material were mixed with fire-cracked stone. A sub-surface find, of four pottery sherds of probable Bronze Age date, was recovered. DOW [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2008.

TULLYBOARD: HOARD 15m OD; CS 32; IG 206; J 6010 4970 Finds included Neolithic stone axe heads, a flint axe head and a plano-convex knife. These items are currently held at Down County Museum in Downpatrick, at the Ulster Museum in Belfast and also at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. DOW 032:038 McErlean et al. 2002, 448-449.

TYRELLA SOUTH: BRONZE AXE HEAD 5m OD; CS 44; IG 241; J 4580 3560 This bronze palstave was discovered, during the digging of a sandpit in the sand dunes at Tyrella. The butt had been damaged in antiquity. There were also breaks in the flanges, considered to have been caused by inadequate annealing. It was purchased from the finder by the Department of Finance. DOW [Not in SMR] Collins 1964, 59-61.

TULLYBOARD: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 32; IG 225/226; J 5990 4960 Also known as Carrstown Burn, this site is represented in HED Collections. Woodman noted the presence of a tanged point, indicative of late Mesolithic activity. Neolithic flaking debris was also present. This site is not precisely located and may possibly be in Granagh townland. DOW 032:040 Woodman 1978, 298. TULLYMURRY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & STONE MACEHEAD 15m OD; CS 37; IG 241; J 4300 4100 A collared urn was reported to have been found here, in association with a stone macehead. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 1914:644]. DOW [Not in SMR] Jope 1966, 41; ApSimon 1969, 64. TULLYNAKILL: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 17; IG 167; J 5060 6430 Seven flints, including a core, were recovered from a field, which lies adjacent to the shore, looking towards Wood Island. All were of late Mesolithic date. DOW 017:038 McErlean et al. 2002, 440.

Figure 263: Tyrella South Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Collins 1964, 59) WHITESPOTS: FLINT FLAKE 80m OD; CS 6; IG 131; J 4850 7550 One flake, distinctly Mesolithic in appearance, was reported to the Ulster Museum in Belfast in 1980. DOW 006:031 McErlean et al. 2002, 440-441.

TULLYNAKILL: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 17; IG 167; J 5040 6410 A local farmer reported the presence of a small shell midden at this location. Although the field was ploughed at the time of visiting, nothing was observed. The site is low-lying and situated on or just above a raised beach. Some worked flint, which was late Mesolithic in appearance, was found in the same field. MRD 167:019

WHITESPOTS: BRONZE HOARD 80m OD; CS 6; IG 131; J 4850 7550 A Bronze Age copper flat axe head and two copper daggers were found here. They are now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI P.1949.1, P.1949:2, P.1949:3]. DOW 006:032 Jope 1966, 65; Harbison 1986, 58.

204

INVENTORY NOTE – The following entries are for artefacts which do not have a precise location, but are simply provenanced to County Down. They have been numbered here for ease of identification.

4.UNKNOWN [DOW]: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) NPL A collared urn was reported to have been found in County Down. It was donated to the British Museum in London [BM 42, 12-10, 128]. DOW [Not in SMR] Abercromby 1912, 2; ApSimon 1969, 64.

1.UNKNOWN [DOW]: ASSEMBLAGE NPL A group of beads, glass armlets and bronzes were reported to have been found at Loughey, near Donaghadee in 1850. There is no townland of this name. Some items from this group are held at the British Museum in London and also at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. The finds are thought to have accompanied a cremation burial, dated to the first century AD, of a pre-Roman woman from southern Britain. The surviving finds include two glass armlets and 150 glass beads (2 others lost), a bronze brooch, knobbed rod, tweezers and 2 spiral rings. Recorded, but lost, items include a bronze needle, amber beads, a coin and several shale and glass armlets. DOW [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1957, 73-95.

5.UNKNOWN [DOW]: BEEHIVE QUERNS (2) NPL The lower parts of two beehive querns were found in County Down. One measured 35cm in length, 36cm in width and 11.5cm in thickness and the other measured 33.5cm in length, 37cm in width and 12cm in thickness. They were dated to the Iron Age and recorded as being part of the Down Collection. DOW [Not in SMR] Caulfield 1977, 131. 6.UNKNOWN [DOW]: BEEHIVE QUERNS (5) NPL The lower parts of five beehive querns were found in south County Down. They measured: 34cm in length, 35.5cm in width and 14.5cm in thickness; 33cm in diameter by 11.5cm in thickness; 28cm in length, 30cm in width and 17cm in thickness; 36cm in length, 38cm in width and 15cm in thickness and 27cm in length, 29.5cm in width and 13cm in thickness. They have been dated to the Iron Age and recorded as being part of the South Down Collection. DOW [Not in SMR] Caulfield 1977, 131. 7.UNKNOWN [DOW]: BEEHIVE QUERN NPL This upper part of a beehive quern was found in south County Down and classified as B1 Type by Caulfield. It measured 29.5cm in length, 32cm in width and 15cm in thickness. It has been dated to the Iron Age. It is recorded as being part of the South Down Collection. DOW [Not in SMR] Caulfield 1977, 132.

Figure 264: Unknown [DOW] Assemblage (Not in SMR) (after Jope et al. 1957, 75) 2.UNKNOWN [DOW]: BRONZE AXE HEAD NPL A bronze, flat axe head, a ‘small narrow specimen with convex sides’, measuring 11.5cm in length, 4.7cm in width at the cutting edge and 1.2cm in thickness, was reported to have been found in County Down. It was attributed to the early Bronze Age. It is currently held at the Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 293.1968]. DOW [Not in SMR] Lucas 1971, 184-244.

8.UNKNOWN [DOW]: BRONZE CAULDRON NPL A bronze cauldron, described as ‘a hemispherical cauldron with conical rivet-heads’, was reported as being the property of the Marchioness of Dufferin and Ava, ‘probably found in County Down’ and exhibited at the Dublin Exhibition in 1907. A photograph of this cauldron was presented to the Royal Irish Academy by Lady Dufferin. DOW [Not in SMR] Armstrong 1924, 112-113.

3.UNKNOWN [DOW]: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) NPL A ‘relief-decorated urn’ (ApSimon) was reported to have been found in County Down and donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 249:1924]. A vase food vessel was also found and is currently held at the British Museum in London [BM 93, 5-17, 2]. DOW [Not in SMR] Abercromby 1912, 2; ApSimon 1969, 62 & 63.

9.UNKNOWN [DOW]: BRONZE KNIFE NPL A curved bronze knife was reported to have been found at ‘the Ards, Co. Down’. It was attributed to the late Bronze Age and is held at the Pitt Rivers Museum in Farnham in England. DOW [Not in SMR] Hodges 1956, 29-56. 205

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND 10.UNKNOWN [DOW]: BRONZE RAZOR NPL A bronze razor was reported to have been found in County Down. It measured 9.8cm in length and 1.1cm in width, with a long narrow blade and a long tang. It is currently held at the Cambridge Museum in England. DOW [Not in SMR] Kavanagh 1991, 77-104.

AGHANOO: BRONZE AXE HEAD 320m OD; CS 31; IG 243; H 1100 3100 This findspot has not been precisely located, but the site was described as a bog. The axe head is of the socketed type, ascribed to the late Bronze Age. It is now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1933.1]. FER [Not in SMR] Eoghan 2000, 28; Williams and Gormley 2002, 28. AGHATIROURKE: DECORATED STONE 310m OD; CS 32; IG 243; H 1583 3130 This stone is in a dramatic setting on high, boggy ground, with commanding views to the south-west, north-west and over an extensive sweep of the lakelands to the east. The cup and ring marks are on the flat south-west-facing surface of a large boulder, which measures 1.9m in length, 1.12m in width and 0.6m in thickness. The flat, decorated surface appears to have been deliberately placed to face south, as the decoration shows up very clearly, when winter sun shines on the stone. There are three conjoined cup and ring marks, measuring c.0.25m in diameter, with two below and one above, in a roughly triangular arrangement, set in the middle of the stone. There also are four circular hollows, measuring c.0.1m in diameter, set vertically above the upper cup and ring. Overall, the decorated features are c.0.95m in length and have a maximum width of 0.48m. There are several other prehistoric features in the area. The landscape is dominated by the burial cairn, on the summit of Cuilcagh Mountain, to the south-west. FER 243:034

COUNTY FERMANAGH AGHAGAY: FLINT FLAKE 60m OD; CS 39; IG 261; H 4160 2610 Recovered from the village of Newtownbutler, this flint flake is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM RS1991.202]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 27. AGHAMULDOWNEY: BRONZE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 13; IG 189; G 9400 5300 This is a flat axe head, which has been attributed to the early Bronze Age. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A363.1933]. FER [Not in SMR] Harbison 1969b, PL 37:2, No. 813; Williams and Gormley 2002, 27. **AGHANAGLACK: ASSEMBLAGE 220m OD; CS 20; IG 210; H 0981 4358 This well-preserved, dual court tomb was built across a steep south-facing slope, in an upland limestone area. The cairn is rectangular, measuring 23m in length and 12m in width. It is best preserved on the southern side. The tomb was excavated by Davies in 1938. Finds throughout the site comprised a typical Neolithic assemblage, with sherds of plain, shouldered pottery bowls, together with decorated hemispherical bowls. Finds of stone included eleven hollow scrapers, a flint javelin and a serpentine bead. Two barbed and tanged arrowheads in Chamber 1 West may represent secondary activity. The finds are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. FER 210:034 Wakeman 1872-1873, 134 and 136; 1876-1878, 105; Borlase 1897, 222; Davies 1939, 21-38; Chart 1940, 159; De Valera 1960, 120, Pl. 23; Evans 1966, 113; Herity 1987, 214-216; Williams and Gormley 2002, 125.

AGHAVASS: BRONZE SWORDS (2) 65m OD; CS 25; IG 246; H 3900 2600 This findspot has not been precisely located. These are leaf-shaped bronze swords, which have been classified as Class 5 and attributed to the late Bronze Age. They are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A12.549] [UM A9.1988]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 27. *ANNAGHMORE GLEBE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 70m OD; CS 43; IG 272; H 4266 2007 This has been designated Druid’s Temple on all of the Ordnance Survey 6-inch maps, with the addition of stone circle on the 1967 Irish Grid map. The site consists of a kerb of sixty-seven stones, which have been arranged in a circle, measuring approximately 35m in diameter, around the summit of a small drumlin known as Carn Hill. A clue to its former extent may be derived from a letter dating to 1712, reproduced by Borlase, which describes a monument in this area (presumably the ‘druids’ temple’) thus In the County of Fermanagh on a hill over Wattle Bridge, there has been a mighty heap of stones, the bases encircled with very large stones standing on end. The heap has been removed to pave our ways and build that bridge. Under the cairn were some urns found in stone coffins. The references to ‘stone coffins’ and ‘urns’ evoke comparisons with recognised Bronze Age burial rites and suggest that this was a hilltop cairn of the type common

AGHANAGLACK: DECORATED STONE 220m OD; CS 20; IG 209/210; H 0620 4450 This was reported by Wakeman as ‘About 2 miles and a half from Ryfad, at Aughaglack, cropping up from the side of a steep hill are several belts of red sand stone rocks, upon the horizontal faces of which are inscribed some very curious markings. A group of 2 circles and a plain cup hollow’. Despite extensive enquiries within this very large townland, this stone, which was decorated with cup and ring marks, could not be located. Much of the townland is now covered by a dense, coniferous forest. FER 210:065 Wakeman 1874-1875, 456-457. 206

INVENTORY BARRAGH: BRONZE SWORD 50m OD; CS 16; IG 192; H 2600 5300+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a bronze sword, classified as Class 2, which has been attributed to the late Bronze Age. It is currently held at the British Museum in London [BM 64.5-31(1)]. FER [Not in SMR] Eoghan 1965, No. 26; Williams and Gormley 2002, 29.

in Fermanagh. All are of probable Bronze Age date (See Mullyknock or Topped Mountain FER 212:028). FER 272:006 OS Memoir Drummully, 1835; OS Revision Name Book, 1857; Borlase 1897, 228; Chart 1940, 184; Fermanagh Times May 1914; Morris 1939, 293. ANNAGOLGAN: STONE AXE HEAD 90m OD; CS 36; IG 247; H 5200 3300+ The findspot has not been precisely located. This is a polished stone axe head, which has been attributed to the Neolithic period. It is held at the Monaghan County Museum in Ireland [MCM 75.184]. FER [Not in SMR] Walsh 1979, 113; Williams and Gormley 2002, 28.

BARRAGH: COPPER HALBERD 50m OD; CS 16; IG 192; H 2600 5300+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This halberd has been attributed to the early Bronze Age. It is currently held at the British Museum in London [BM 64.5.3.2]. FER [Not in SMR] Ó Ríordáin 1936, 308; Harbison 1969(a), No. 196; Williams and Gormley 2002, 29.

ANNAHONE: FLINT KNIFE & FLAKE 62m OD; CS 36; IG 247; H 5176 3114 This knife and undefined flint, which are thought to be from the Neolithic or Bronze Age, were found at a crannog in Inver Lough. They are now held at Monaghan County Museum in Ireland [MCM 75.169 & 75.168]. FER 247:019 Walsh 1979, 113; Williams and Gormley 2002, 28.

BARRAGH: STONE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 16; IG 192; H 2600 5300+ This findspot has not been precisely located, but was recorded as being beside the Ballinamallard River. The axe head, made from porcellanite, is now held at Fermanagh County Museum in Enniskillen [FCM 1980_078]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 30.

ANNASHANCO: HORSE TACK 70m OD; CS 36; IG 247; H 5500 3200 This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a bronze horse bit, which has been attributed to the Iron Age. It is now held at Monaghan County Museum [MCM 75.181]. FER [Not in SMR] Walsh 1979, 116; Raftery 1983, 16; Williams and Gormley 2002, 28.

BELLANAMALLARD: BRONZE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 16; IG 192; H 2630 5270+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a bronze flanged axe head, which has been attributed to the middle Bronze Age. It is currently held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [AM 1927.2776]. FER [Not in SMR] Evans 1881, 100; Williams and Gormley 2002, 29.

ASKILL: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 50m OD; CS 39; IG 261; H 4000 2400 This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a basal-looped bronze spearhead, attributed to the middle Bronze Age. It is now held at Fermanagh County Museum in Enniskillen [1978_A1]. FER [Not in SMR] Ramsey 1989, No. 671; Williams and Gormley 2002, 29.

*BALLYREAGH: ASSEMBLAGE 180m OD; CS 17; IG 193; H 3143 5040 This is a dual court tomb, also known as Giant’s Graves. It is set on the summit of a spur on Ballyreagh Hill, within the yard of a deserted farmhouse. Neolithic pottery of various forms was discovered in all of the chambers. Fragments of a Bronze Age cinerary urn were recovered from the western forecourt. Flint of poor quality was also unearthed. This included two hollow scrapers and a broken scraper. The finds are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. FER 193:019 OS Memoir Derrybrusk, 1834; Wakeman 1876-1878, 105, Tierney and Macalister 1918, 150-156, Chart 1940, 156157; Davies 1942, 78-79; De Valera 1960, 120 & Pl 22; Evans 1966, 113; Williams and Gormley 2002, 125-126.

BARRAGH: BRONZE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 16; IG 192; H 2600 5300+ This findspot has not been precisely located, but has been referred to as Ballinamallard. This was a flat bronze axe head, attributed to the early Bronze Age. It is currently held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [AM 1927.2737]. FER [Not in SMR] Evans 1881, 61; Wood-Martin 1895, 422; Coffey 1913, 12; Harbison 1969b, No. 25; Williams and Gormley 2002, 29.

BANNAGH BEG: FLINT AXE HEAD 70m OD; CS 5; IG 153; H 1700 6600 This findspot has not been precisely located. The flint axe head has been attributed to the Neolithic period. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A6.1987]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 32.

BARRAGH: BRONZE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 16; IG 192; H 2600 5300+ This findspot has not been precisely located, but has been referred to as Ballinamallard. This was a socketed bronze axe head, attributed to the late Bronze Age. It is currently held at the British Museum in London [BM 68.8.5.11]. FER [Not in SMR] Eoghan 2000, 38; Williams and Gormley 2002, 29. 207

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND *BEIHY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 280m OD; CS 32; IG 244; H 1727 3107 Excavations at a burial cairn by Wakeman produced evidence of a central oval cist, which measured 1.8m in length, 1.2m in width and 1.2m in depth. It was roofed with two large flagstones and a number of smaller ones. Almost equally spaced around the perimeter were a number of cists, said by Wakeman to be eight in number. However, the illustration shows at least twelve and possibly as many as sixteen. Inside these cists, were found fragments of calcified bones and wood charcoal. In one was the base of an Irish Vase. The base of a small pot, which was also found, is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. Neck sherds of an Irish Vase were also found. These are now held at Cambridge Museum in England. FER 244:010 Wakeman 1883-1884, 162-171 and 1891, 119-121; Evans and Megaw 1937, Chart 1940, 178; Evans 1966, 113; Waddell 1990, 86; Ó Ríordáin and Waddell 1993, 109; Williams and Gormley 2002, 32-33.

Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A30.1968]. FER [Not in SMR] Harbison 1969(a), No 15a; Williams and Gormley 2002, 34. BOHEVNY: CLAY MOULDS (2) 50m OD; CS 9/26; IG 172/228; H 1600 3800+ This findspot has not been precisely located. These clay moulds were designed for casting swords and have been attributed to the late Bronze Age. They are now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1902.24.25]. FER [Not in SMR] Coghlan and Raftery 1961, 243; Eoghan 1965, 178; Williams and Gormley 2002, 34. BOHO: BRONZE DIRK 110m OD; CS 21; IG 210; H 1230 4450+ This findspot has not been precisely located, but was recorded as Coal Bog. The bronze dirk was attributed to the middle Bronze Age. It is currently held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [AM 1927.2882]. FER [Not in SMR] Trump 1962, 99; Burgess and Gerloff 1981, No. 801; Ramsey 1989, 66; Williams and Gormley 2002, 34.

BELLEEK: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 50m OD; CS 8; IG 170; G 9400 5900 This was a protected-loop bronze spearhead, which was found near to Lough Erne and has been attributed to the middle Bronze Age. It is now held in private ownership. FER [Not in SMR] Ramsey 1989, 171; Williams and Gormley 2002, 33.

BOHO: CLAY MOULDS (2) 110m OD; CS 21; IG 210; H 1300 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. Fragments of two clay moulds, which were designed for casting swords, were attributed to the late Bronze Age. They are currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1902/1924. 25]. FER [Not in SMR] Plunkett 1899, 89; Hodges 1954, 62; Williams and Gormley 2002, 34.

BELLEEK: BRONZE DIRK 50m OD; CS 8; IG 170; G 9400 5900 This bronze dirk has been attributed to the middle Bronze Age. It is now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI RSA13]. FER [Not in SMR] Wakeman 1873(c), 195f; Evans 1881, 234, Fig. 292; Burgess and Gerloff 1981, 706; Ramsey 1989, No. 264; Williams and Gormley 2002, 33.

BOHO: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 110m OD; CS 21; IG 210; H 1300 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This bronze spearhead has been attributed to the Iron Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1901.45]. FER [Not in SMR] Coffey 1898b, 120; Mahr 1932, 25; Raftery 1951, Fig. 225; Raftery 1983, No. 284; Williams and Gormley 2002, 34.

BELLEEK: BRONZE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 8; IG 170; G 9400 5900 This miniature bronze socketed axe head, which has been attributed to the late Bronze Age, is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A24.1968]. FER [Not in SMR] Eoghan 2000, 32; Williams and Gormley 2002, 33.

BOHO: WOODEN SHAFT 110m OD; CS 20; IG 210; H 1300 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This wooden shaft, designed for a stone axe head, has been attributed to the Neolithic period. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1881.87]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 34.

BLANEY: BRONZE AXE HEAD 120m OD; CS 15; IG 191; H 1600 5200+ This findspot was not precisely located. It was a flat bronze axe head, which has been attributed to the early Bronze Age. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM RS1997.173]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 33.

BOHO: WOODEN SHAFT 110m OD; CS 20; IG 210; H 1300 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This wooden shaft, designed for a stone axe head, has been attributed to the Neolithic period. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI WK32]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 35.

BLUNNICK: BRONZE DAGGER 50m OD; CS 26; IG 228; H 1500 3700+ This findspot has not been precisely located, but was recorded as 4m below the ground surface. It was a bronze dagger, complete with its wooden handle. It has been attributed to the early Bronze Age and is now held at the 208

INVENTORY BOHO: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 110m OD; CS 21; IG 210; H 1300 4400+ Although not precisely located, this bronze spearhead was discovered in a bog. It is thought to have been for display, or throwing, rather than a weapon for thrusting. FER [Not in SMR] Waddell 1998, 308-309.

to the early Bronze Age. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A1.4408]. FER [Not in SMR] CARN [MAGHERACULMONEY]: SADDLE QUERN 152m OD; CS 5; IG 154; H 2312 6349 The remains of a cashel were set on the edge of an escarpment, with commanding views. Prior to 1941, when it was mostly removed, it was a D-shaped enclosure formed by a straight wall running along the edge of the escarpment, with an arc of walling extending from it. It measured 73.2m in length and 44.6m in width. The site was excavated in 1977, prior to its destruction from quarrying. The interior lacked any stratigraphy. Finds included a limestone saddle quern and a spindle whorl. The excavator considered the presence of the saddle quern and human remains to be an indication of prehistoric activity on the site, before the construction of the cashel. FER 154:046 Brannon 1981-1982, 60-64 CARN [ENNISKILLEN]: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 190m OD; CS 17; IG 193; H 3350 5007 A large, upright boulder, set in a stone field boundary, is the most visible remnant of a possible megalithic tomb at this location. To the north of the stone is an irregular hollow in the ground, measuring 2.3m in length, 1.45m in width and 65cm in depth, with several smaller stones visibly scattered around the sides. The field wall has been carefully built to avoid it, but there is no obvious structure or pattern to the spread. The hollow might reflect the remnants of a disturbed chamber, while the boulder could be the last survival of the megalithic structure of the tomb, or even the displaced capstone of a disturbed cist. A neighbour said an excavation was undertaken in the 1970s, but he did not know by whom. Apparently, ‘they found a cup.’ FER 193:077

Figure 265: Boho Spearhead (Not in SMR) (after Waddell 1998, 309) BOHULKIN: STONE AXE HEAD 92m OD; CS 23; IG 212; H 3544 4738 This site is located in an inter-drumlin hollow within an area, which has been drained and landscaped. There is now no visible trace of any antiquity at this location, which is not marked on any OS map. This was reported by Fermanagh County Museum, after the owner discovered the stone axe. A burnt mound (FER 212:102) lies 50m to the south-west. FER 212:104

CARR: FLINTS 60m OD; CS 21; IG 210; H 1378 4677 This site is located at the end of a peninsula, at the centre of the north shore of Ross Lough. It is not marked on any OS 6-inch map. This Mesolithic occupation site was identified during fieldwork. The remains comprise some animal bones and a number of Bann flakes. FER 210:082 Carroll 1992, 109-131.

BUNANINVER: BRONZE AXE HEAD 40m OD; CS 10; IG 173; H 1800 6000+ This findspot has not been precisely located, but was reported as Castle Archdale. This was a bronze socketed axe head, which has been attributed to the late Bronze Age. Its current location is unknown. FER [Not in SMR] Rodgers 1967, 97-98; Williams and Gormley 2002, 36.

CARRICKREAGH: STONE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 15; IG 192; H 1700 5300 This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a polished stone axe head, which was recorded as being found on the foreshore of Lough Erne at Carrickreagh. It has been attributed to the Neolithic period and is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM RS1974.16]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 87.

CACKINISH: FLINT FLAKE 40m OD; CS 42; IG 271; H 3374 2139 This flint flake, attributed to the Neolithic or Bronze Age, was found at a crannog in Mill Lough. The flake is currently held by the HED. FER 271:008 Williams and Gormley 2002, 35. CAHORE: FLINT ARROWHEAD 67m OD; CS 6; IG 154; H 2210 6560 This barbed and tanged flint arrowhead was attributed 209

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND *CAVANCARRAGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 185m OD; CS 22; IG 212; H 2997 4496 Two multiple cist cairns, both damaged by quarrying, were noted by Wakeman. He recorded that the two cairns were already in a ‘very ruinous’ condition, when he examined them, as a result of quarrying for building purposes. The smaller, northern cairn was almost completely destroyed, but its most notable remnant was a large slab, bearing possible deliberate scoring on one edge. The larger, more southerly cairn had a diameter of approximately 6m and was built on a bedding of sand. A number of cists were arranged around the base of this cairn, two of which had survived intact, in Wakeman’s time. One of these was divided into two small compartments, each of which contained a clay pottery vessel. The western compartment measured 60cm in length, 41cm in width and 35cm in depth and the eastern one measured 46cm in length, 41cm in width and 35cm in depth, with the sides of each compartment formed by a single slab. Both compartments were roofed by covering stones. The second cist, which was described by Wakeman as complete, was also formed by a single slab for each side. It measured 1.5m in length, 90cm in width and 60cm in height. It was covered by a massive slab, which measured 1.8m in length, 1.2m in width and 20cm in thickness. The base of a crude vase food vessel, which was recovered here, is now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1902.3]. Wakeman also reported finding fragments of ‘earthen vessels’, a leather shoe, flint knives and arrowheads in the vicinity of these cairns. With the exception of the bowl from the single-chambered cist, the location of all of the other artefacts he unearthed from this site is unknown. FER 212:087 Wakeman 1872-1873, 434 and 1876-1878, 499-512; Chart 1940, 164; Evans 1966, 114; Waddell  1970, 117; Waddell 1990, 86.

Fivemiletown’. They have been attributed to Harbison’s Ballyvally Type and are currently held at the British Museum in London [43, 12-26, 2]. FER [Not in SMR] Harbison 1968, 48. CLEENAGHAN: GOLD DRESS FASTENER 100m OD; CS 16; IG 193; H 2800 5200+ This findspot has not been precisely located. The dress fastener, or possible bracelet, has been attributed to the late Bronze Age. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A1.1968]. FER [Not in SMR] Taylor 1980, 105; Williams and Gormley 2002, 37. CLOGHERBOG: WOODEN CAULDRON 290m OD; CS 20; IG 209; H 0500 4600+ This findspot has not been precisely located. The wooden cauldron has been attributed to the Iron Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1878.17]. FER [Not in SMR] Mahr 1935, 20; Scott 1990, 49; Williams and Gormley 2002, 38. CLOGHERBOG: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 290m OD; CS 20; IG 209; H 0600 4600+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This Irish Bowl has been attributed to the early Bronze Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1878.4.WK65]. FER [Not in SMR] Abercromby 1912, Vol. 1, 160; ApSimon 1969, 60; Ó Ríordáin and Waddell 1993, 109; Williams and Gormley 2002, 38. CLOGHTOGLE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 250m OD; CS 23; IG 212; H 3105 4462 This burial cairn is on the summit of Cloughtogle Mountain, 1.1km south of Topped Mountain cairn (FER 212:028). It is sub-circular, 11m north-west/south-east and 9m north-east/south-west and survives as an arc of a scarp 1m high from the south-west/west/north-east. The cairn is traversed north-east/south-west by a modern field boundary. There are no visible remains of it on the south-eastern side of the boundary. The surviving section of the cairn is almost flat-topped and covered with grass. An Irish Bowl was reported to have been found here and is now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1902:3]. FER 212:114 ApSimon 1969, 60.

CAVANCARRAGH: DECORATED STONE 170m OD; CS 22; IG 212; H 2900 4000+ This findspot has not been precisely located. It was a cupmarked stone, which has been attributed to the early Bronze Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1883.189]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 37. CAVANCARRAGH: STONE AXE HEAD 170m OD; CS 22; IG 212; H 3000 4490 This was a polished stone axe head, with traces of copper or bronze adhering to it. It has been attributed to the early Bronze Age and is currently in private ownership. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Yates 1982, 187; Williams and Gormley 2002, 37.

CLONELLY: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 70m OD; CS 5; IG 153; H 1500 6640 This socket-looped bronze spearhead was reported to have been found in a bog. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A8349]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 38.

CLEEN: BRONZE AXE HEADS (2) 80m OD; CS 24; IG 212; H 4450 4650+ Two bronze axe heads were reported as being found 1.2m ‘under bog, under detritus gravel, one mile south of 210

INVENTORY CLONTYMORE: BRONZE DAGGER 50m OD; CS 33; IG 244; H 2400 3400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a bronze dagger, which has been attributed to the early Bronze Age. It is now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1960.6]. FER [Not in SMR] Harbison 1969(a), Pl. 1; Williams and Gormley 2002, 39. CLOONATRIG: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 50m OD; CS 27; IG 229; H 2600 3800+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a bronze, side-looped, socketed spearhead, which has been attributed to the middle Bronze Age. It was found here in 1955, after dredging work in the River Erne, opposite Knock Island. The spearhead was unfinished, as only the wings of the blade were trimmed after casting. Asymmetrical loops were present at the socket. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A96.36]. FER [Not in SMR] Collins 1960, 22; Ramsey 1989, 170; Williams and Gormley 2002, 39.

Plate 50: Clyhannagh Decorated Stone (FER 228:089) COA: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 145m OD; CS 16; IG 193; H 2700 5100 A ‘sepulchral mound’ was reported to lie close to the boundary with Cavantillycormick townland. However, neither visible trace nor any surviving local tradition could be discovered. The mound was excavated in 1913 by a farmer. It was found to contain a cist, which enclosed an urn full of calcified bones. The location of the urn and its contents is currently unknown. FER 193:050 Tierney and Macalister 1918, 151; Williams and Gormley 2002, 49. *COOLBUCK: FLINT SCRAPER 210m OD; CS 23; IG 212; H 3106 4387 This is one of two cairns, with FER 212:050, which lie 30m apart on a gradual west-facing hill slope, overlooking Lough Skale to the north-west. It remains as a welldefined round cairn, measuring 13m in diameter and standing 0.9m high. The western half, although preserved, is covered with blanket bog and heather, while most of the eastern half has been quarried away. In 1940, the cairn was 6ft [1.7m] high. The area around the site was badly damaged by a bog reclamation scheme in 1986, when deep ploughing uncovered a worked flint scraper, at the eastern edge of the cairn. FER 212:049 Chart 1940, 165.

Figure 266: Cloonatrig Spearhead (Not in SMR) (after Collins 1960, 23) *CLYHANNAGH: DECORATED STONE 185m OD; CS 31; IG 228; H 1063 3564 This site is on a limestone plateau, close to another decorated stone at Killykeeghan (FER 243:028). Also nearby is Clyhannagh Court Tomb (FER 228:072). This stone is a slab of sandstone, propped upon another sandstone boulder, at an angle of c.45 degrees, facing south. It measures 2.7m in length, 1.1m in width and 0.5m in thickness. On the upper part of the main face is a cup and ring mark, with many other hollows, which may be cup marks or natural solution hollows. The cup mark is 4cm wide and 1cm deep and is set within a circular depression, which measures 11cm in diameter and 0.5m deep. FER 228:089 Burns and Nolan 2007, 25-30.

COOLBUCK: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 210m OD; CS 23; IG 212; H 3102 4385 This site is designated Carns on the 1908 edition of the Ordnance Survey 6-inch map and Cairns (remains of) on the 1964 Irish Grid map. The site was largely destroyed, during a bog reclamation scheme in 1986. Prior to this scheme, the remains of the foundations of the cairn, with a slight depression at the centre, could still be recognised. Four adjacent stones, standing from 24cm to 54cm in height, which formed a curve on the southsouth-west, may have been kerb stones around the cairn. Other smaller stones protruded through the bog, which may possibly represent cairn material. Although it cannot be definitively identified as such, this site might have been the small round cairn, mentioned by Wakeman 211

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND in which several ‘cinerary urns’ were found some years prior to 1874. FER 212:050 Wakeman 1874-1875, 529-542; Chart 1940, 165.

attributed to the Neolithic period. It is currently held at Monaghan County Museum in Ireland [MCM 75.165]. FER [Not in SMR] Walsh 1979, 112; Williams and Gormley 2002, 51.

COOLNASILLAGH: STONE AXE HEAD 200m OD; CS 35; IG 246; H 4300 3200+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a polished stone axe head, attributed to the Neolithic period. It is currently held at the British Museum in London [BM 1843.12, 26,130]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 50]

CORRANNY: BRONZE RAPIER 180m OD; CS 35; IG 247; H 4700 3400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a bronze rapier, which has been attributed to the middle Bronze Age. It is currently held at Monaghan County Museum in Ireland [MCM 75.183A]. FER [Not in SMR] Walsh 1979, 115; Williams and Gormley 2002, 51.

COOLTRAIN: GOLD LUNULA 130m OD; CS 16; IG 193; H 2800 4900+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a gold lunula, which has been recorded as being found in a bog. It has been attributed to the early Bronze Age. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A157.1926]. FER [Not in SMR] Coffey 1909, 257; Eogan 1994, 124; Williams and Gormley 2002, 50.

CORRARD: GOLD TORC 46m OD; CS 33; IG 245; H 3000 3500 This gold torc was discovered close to the shore of Upper Lough Erne, near Bell Isle. It was found to be twisted, rendering it unusable. It has been dated to around 13001100 BC, when such items were in use as items of jewellery worn around the neck or waist. The torc is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. FER 245:056 Ramsey 2013, 26-27.

CORFANNAN: LOGBOAT 55m OD; CS 27; IG 230; H 3380 3880 This logboat was recovered from the Tempo River, during the course of routine water course maintenance work. It had been dislodged from one of the banks. This is one of the most technically significant logboats yet recovered in Northern Ireland, due to the presence of an integral keel. A dendrochronology date of 429±9 BC was obtained. The logboat was re-buried off site by HED. FER [Not in SMR] Fry 2000, 119.

CORRATISTUNE: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 50m OD; CS 39; IG 260; H 3200 2800+ This findspot has not been precisely located. It was a lunate and riveted bronze spearhead, with its wooden insert surviving. It was attributed to the middle to late Bronze Age. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A9177]. FER [Not in SMR] May 1938, 283; Evans 1947, 67; Williams and Gormley 2002, 51. CORRATISTUNE: STONE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 39; IG 260; H 3100 2800+ This findspot has not been precisely located. It was a polished stone axe head, which has been attributed to the Neolithic period. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A9177]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 51.

CORNACREEVE: BRONZE AXE HEAD 120m OD; CS 35; IG 247; H 5000 3400 This findspot has not been precisely located. It was a bronze socketed axe head, which has been attributed to the late Bronze Age. It is currently held at Monaghan County Museum [MCM 75.140]. FER [Not in SMR] Walsh 1979, 114; Eogan 2000, 93; Williams and Gormley 2002, 50.

CREVINISH: LOGBOATS (2) 40m OD; CS 5; IG 154; H 1690 6340 The longest logboat found in Ireland to date was discovered at Crevenish Bay in 1976. It measured 16.2m in length and 1.4m in width and was left in situ. A second logboat was found here after a period of low water in 1975. It measured more than 10.5m in length. It is the second longest logboat to have been discovered. It was made of oak and flat-bottomed, except for a slight upward curvature at both ends. At 3.27m from the stern a considerable amount of timber is present in the floor, with a gently-contoured, smooth-sided aperture, interpreted as a mast step. The floor contains five depth gauge borings, four of which retained their original plugs. All lie in the forward half of the hull and two are sited opposite each other very close to the

CORRAGOLE: WOODEN BOWL 31m OD; CS 33; IG 245; H 2600 2900+ A wooden polypod bowl, which measured 21cm in diameter and 11cm in height, was found here. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1913.9]. Originally it had four legs, but one had been broken off. It was similar to a bowl, dated to the early Bronze Age, found at Tirkernaghan in County Tyrone. FER [Not in SMR] Earwood 1991-1992, 27-28. CORRALEEK: STONE AXE HEAD 200m OD; CS 29; IG 232; H 5100 3800+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a fragment of a polished stone axe head, which has been 212

INVENTORY bow. A radiocarbon date of AD 10-340 [HAR-1969] was obtained. It is currently held by the Forest Service at Castle Caldwell. FER [Not in SMR] Fry 2000, 77; Williams and Gormley 2002, 51. CROM: BRONZE RAPIER 50m OD; CS 39; IG 261; H 3600 2400 This bronze rapier was reported to be found at Crom Castle. It was attributed to the middle Bronze Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1917.14]. FER [Not in SMR] Coffey 1913, 88; Raftery 1951, 141; Burgess and Gerloff 1981, No. 24; Williams and Gormley 2002, 52. CULKY: STONE MACEHEAD 50m OD; CS 27; IG 229; H 2300 4100 This findspot has not been precisely located, but has been reported as Lisgoole or Drumsna. This was a stone macehead, which has been attributed to the Neolithic period. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A8.1987]. FER [Not in SMR] Simpson 1988, 36; Williams and Gormley 2002, 85.

Figure 267: Derry Spearhead (Not in SMR) (after Evans 1947, 66) DERRYBRUSK: LOGBOATS (2) 31m OD; CS 27; IG 230; H 2865 3899 This site is located in marshy pasture, just south of Lough Neely. This irregularly-shaped burnt mound measured 15m in length, with a maximum width of 8m at the northern end, reducing to 5m at the southern end. It was steep-sided and flat-topped, standing 0.3m high. Excavation of the mound revealed a deposit of burnt material 0.5m thick, in which was found a saddle quern. Close by, two parallel-sided logboats, carved from alder trunks, were uncovered. Both were damaged. One measured 3.17m in length, while the other measured 0.73m in length. The boats were surrounded by stakes and the whole area was covered with burnt mound material. The boats were radiocarbon dated to 1208-938 BC and 1260-1000 BC. FER 230:111 Fry 2000, 110.

CURRAGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 60m OD; CS 26; IG 228; H 1300 3700+ This findspot has not been precisely located. It was recorded as in the Arney River, close to Lough Macnean. It was a sherd of a Food Vessel, which has been attributed to the early Bronze Age. It is currently held at Fermanagh County Museum in Enniskillen [FCM 1977_090]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 29. CURRAGH: STONE AXE HEADS (3) 60m OD; CS 26; IG 228; H 1300 3700+ This findspot has not been precisely located. It was recorded as in the Arney River, close to Lough Macnean. Three polished stone axe heads were found here. They are currently held at Fermanagh County Museum in Enniskillen [FCM 1977_091-093]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 29. DERRY: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 45m OD; CS 33; IG 244; H 2600 3300 A bronze, leaf-shaped spearhead, measuring 20cm in length, was found around 1917, within shallow water in Upper Lough Erne. When found, it had 15cm of its wooden shaft surviving. The shaft had been held in place with a wooden pin. The spearhead had been repaired in antiquity. It has been attributed to the middle Bronze Age. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A93.1945]. FER [Not in SMR] Evans 1947, 66-68; Williams and Gormley 2002, 51.

Plate 51: Derrybrusk Logboats (FER 230:111) DERRYDOON: BRONZE AXE HEAD 60m OD; CS 39; IG 261; H 4000 2300 This site has not been precisely located. It was a bronze palstave, which has been attributed to the middle Bronze 213

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND Age. It is currently held at the Fermanagh County Museum in Enniskillen [FCM 1978_1431]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 53. DERRYGONNELLY: BRONZE DIRK 60m OD; CS 15; IG 191; H 1190 5220 This bronze dirk was attributed to the middle Bronze Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1941.336]. FER [Not in SMR] Burgess and Gerloff 1981, No. 793; Ramsey 1989, No. 391; Williams and Gormley 2002, 53. Plate 52: Derryharney Fulachtaí Fia (FER 230:096)

DERRYGONNELLY: BRONZE HOARD 60m OD; CS 15; IG 191; H 1190 5220 This hoard, consisting of a bronze leaf-shaped spearhead and two palstaves, was attributed to the late Bronze Age. Hodges doubted the association with the spearhead. The items are currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1913.321-23]. FER [Not in SMR] Hodges 1957, 51-63; Williams and Gormley 2002, 53.

DERRYLIN: STONE HAMMER 65m OD; CS 38; IG 260; H 2800 2800 This findspot has not been precisely located. This faceted, stone hammer has been attributed to the prehistoric period and is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A14.316]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 54.

DERRYGONNELLY: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 60m OD; CS 15; IG 191; H 1190 5220 This bronze, socketed spearhead has been attributed to the late Bronze Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1913.23]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 53.

DERRYLIN: STONE AXE HEAD 65m OD; CS 38; IG 260; H 2800 2800 This findspot has not been precisely located. This polished stone axe head has been attributed to the Neolithic period. It is currently held at the Fermanagh County Museum in Enniskillen [FCM 1978_286]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 54.

*DERRYHARNEY: ASSEMBLAGE 31m OD; CS 27; IG 230; H 2980 3650 This site is in a field, in a meadow, on the south-western shore of Derryhowlaght Lough. This field contains sixteen burnt mounds, six barrows, one probable structure, at least four spreads of burnt clay and one large spread of iron slag, with at least two smaller spreads of iron slag. The mounds extend up to 100m from the present lake shore, with a number placed parallel to the shore, approximately 50m from it. The barrows have been ploughed out and appear as conspicuous mounds of yellowish, sandy soil, lying on the brown soil of the field. Material, resembling cremated bone, was found in the barrows, one of which contained stone slabs. This may be possibly the remains of a cist. Two of the barrows had burnt mounds placed on top of them. Finds from the site included a Mesolithic flint knife, animal bone and a piece of rock crystal [FC and BBW, 1993]. Some of the mounds, along the old peaty shoreline of the lake, were then excavated, uncovering layers of burnt material and charcoal, set onto grey clay, overlying the peat. Underneath one mound, a series of ten equally-spaced wooden posts, set 1m-1.2m apart, was found, aligned north/south. A pit, lined with wooden lattice, set into crushed sandstone, was also found. No datable artefacts were recovered. However, a cup-marked stone was found lying in a dump of concrete and stone, between two of the trenches. FER 230:096

DERRYVULLAN: FLINT SCRAPER 120m OD; CS 30; IG 232; H 5400 3600 This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a flint end and side scraper, which has been attributed to the prehistoric period. It is currently held at Monaghan County Museum in Ireland [MCM 75.172]. FER [Not in SMR] Walsh 1979, 113; Williams and Gormley 2002, 55. DERRYVULLAN: FLINT FLAKE 120m OD; CS 30; IG 232; H 5400 3600 This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a flint flake, which has been attributed to the prehistoric period. It is currently held at Monaghan County Museum in Ireland [MCM 75.175]. FER [Not in SMR] Walsh 1979, 113; Williams and Gormley 2002, 55. DOAGH GLEBE: BRONZE AXE HEADS (2) 200m OD; CS 14; IG 190; H 0500 5200+ Although not precisely located, these two axe heads were discovered together, in a bog near Derrygonnelly, during the nineteenth century. They have been described as early examples of a short-flanged axe head (half-flanged variety). They are currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1913.21, 22]. FER [Not in SMR]

214

INVENTORY Armstrong 1916, 514; Eogan 1983, 23; Ramsey 1989, Nos 63 and 483; Waddell 1998, 186; Williams and Gormley 2002, 55.

Plate 53: Doon Decorated Stones (FER 212:017) *DREENAN: STONE SCULPTURES (2) 31m OD; CS 4; IG 153; H 0852 6198 This site lies close to the southern shore of Boa Island, overlooking a broad expanse of Lower Lough Erne, where Caldragh graveyard is still occasionally used for burials. The Boa Island and Lustymore carved stone figures stand near the centre of the graveyard, which is enclosed by a metal fence. Beyond the fence are the remains of an early ecclesiastical enclosure. The dates of the figures are unknown, but are widely believed to be pre-Christian in origin. FER 153:008 Lowry-Corry 1932-1932, 202-204; Evans 1996, 113-114; Warner 2003, 24-27.

Figure 268: Doagh Glebe Axe Heads (Not in SMR) (after Waddell 1998, 186) DOG BIG: BRONZE AXE HEAD 190m OD; CS 14; IG 190; H 0200 5000+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a socketed, bronze axe head, which has been attributed to the late Bronze Age. It is currently held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [AM 1927. 2822]. FER [Not in SMR] Eogan 2000, 22; Williams and Gormley 2002, 55. DOG BIG: BRONZE SWORD 190m OD; CS 14; IG 190; H 0200 5000+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a Class 2 bronze sword, which has been attributed to the late Bronze Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1883. 327]. FER [Not in SMR] Eogan 1965, No. 5872; Williams and Gormley 2002, 55. *DOON: DECORATED STONES (2) 90m OD; CS 23; IG 212; H 3451 4685 This site is south of the summit of a hillock. It is designated Gray Rock on the 1860 Ordnance Survey 6-inch map and Gray Stone on the Irish Grid map. There are two stones at the site, one on top of the other. The larger, lower stone is a rectangular block of sandstone, measuring 1.73m in length, 1.18m in thickness and standing 1.05m in height. There are numerous cupmarks on its surface and one large hollow, on each of the vertical sides. On top of this is a smaller block, which is decorated on one face, with pecked and smoothed concentric circles and also a curvilinear figure, similar to passage tomb art. FER 212:017 Wakeman 1874-1875, 445-472; Richardson 1938, 147-148; Chart 1940, 166; Collins 1962.

Plate 54: Dreenan Stone Figure (FER 153:008) DREENAN: BRONZE HOARD 40m OD; CS 4; IG 153; H 0700 6200+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a hoard, which consisted of two bronze socketed axe heads, a socketed hammer, socketed knife, Class 4 sword, four socketed spearheads and a jet object. It has been attributed to the late Bronze Age and is currently held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [AM 1927.29081927.2910]. FER [Not in SMR] Hodges 1957, 51-63; Eogan 1983, 258; Williams and Gormley 2002, 56. DREENAN: BRONZE HOARD 40m OD; CS 4/5; IG 153; H 1000 6300+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a bronze hoard, which consisted of a socketed axe head and 215

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND socketed gouge. The artefacts have been attributed to the late Bronze Age. The hoard is now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1917.82 & 83]. FER [Not in SMR] Hodges 1957, 51-63; Williams and Gormley 2002, 34.

Bronze Age. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A428.1955]. FER [Not in SMR] Trump 1962, 99; Burgess and Gerloff 1981, No. 803; Ramsey 1989, No. 392; Williams and Gormley 2002, 60.

DRUMBO: FLINT ARROWHEAD 80m OD; CS 10; IG 173; H 2100 5600+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a tanged, flint arrowhead, which has been attributed to the Neolithic or Bronze Age. It is currently held at Fermanagh County Museum in Enniskillen [FCM 1983_001]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 56.

DRUMHAW: FLINT FLAKE 54m OD; CS 34; IG 245/246; H 3570 3460 This findspot has not been precisely located. It was a tanged, flint point, which has been attributed to the late Mesolithic period. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM AWM.8420]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 60.

DRUMCRAMPH: BRONZE SWORD 50m OD; CS 27; IG 230; H 2670 3650+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a bronze, leaf-shaped, Class 4 sword, which has been attributed to the late Bronze Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1878.27]. FER [Not in SMR] Eogan 1965, No. 153; Williams and Gormley 2002, 56.

DRUMLYON: DECORATED STONE 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2180 4500 This site was described as being on the slope of a drumlin, c.2km to the north-west of Enniskillen. The stone, according to Wakeman, ‘was 2’4” [0.71m] long, 1’11” [0.59m] wide and 8 or 9 ins [0.22m] thick. The sandstone slab has 12 cupmarks, each c.3” [0.08m] in diameter’. Two of the cupmarks are encircled by the arc of a concentric circle. The stone was presented to the Royal Irish Academy. This decorated stone, which has been attributed to the early Bronze Age, is now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. FER 211:047 Wakeman 1875(a), 449 and 1881, 151; Williams and Gormley 2002, 60.

DRUMCULLION: STONE AXE HEAD 100m OD; CS 16; IG 192; H 1850 2850+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a polished stone axe head, which has been attributed to the Neolithic period. It is currently held at Fermanagh County Museum in Enniskillen [FCM 1978_028L]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 57.

**DRUMSKINNY: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) & FLINTS 135m OD; CS 1; IG 135; H 2009 7072 On the crest of a south facing hill slope, this stone circle consists of thirty-one stones standing and one fallen stone. Holes indicated the former presence of another seven stones. They vary in height from 0.37m-0.4m above ground level. The circle measured approximately 12.9m in diameter. A circular cairn, 1m north-west of the circle, which measured 4m in diameter, is delimited by a kerb of stones, missing between north-east/south-south-east. Aligned on the cairn centre and extending 15m south is a row of small stone uprights. Neolithic pottery and flint scrapers were found. FER 135:003 Chart 1940, 143; Waterman 1964, 23-30; Evans 1966, 114; McConkey 1987, 45; Burl 1995, 195-196; Williams and Gormley 2002, 131.

DRUMETTAGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 31m OD; CS 42; IG 271; H 3130 2030 This Irish Bowl was attributed to the early Bronze Age. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A12.864.1.4]. FER 271:011 Williams and Gormley 2002, 58. DRUMGOAST: FLINT SCRAPER 100m OD; CS 36; IG 247; H 5300 3400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. It was a flint, round scraper, attributed to the prehistoric period. It is currently held at Monaghan County Museum in Ireland [MCM 75.171]. FER [Not in SMR] Walsh 1979, 113; Williams and Gormley 2002, 59. DRUMGOAST: COPPER AXE HEAD 100m OD; CS 36; IG 247; H 5300 3400+ This findspot has not been precisely located, but was reported as 50cm below the surface of a bog. It was a copper, flat axe head, which has been attributed to the early Bronze Age. It is currently held at Monaghan County Museum [MCM 75.147]. FER [Not in SMR] Walsh 1979, 114; Williams and Gormley 2002, 59.

DRUMWHINNY: YEW BOW 92m OD; CS 5; IG 154; H 1800 6300+ Although not precisely located, a fragment of a bow of yew wood was found in a bog during the nineteenth century. It was at a depth of approximately 6m below the surface and was radiocarbon dated to 1680-1326 cal. BC. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A4032]. FER [Not in SMR] Glover 1979, 323-327; Hedges et al. 1991, 129; Waddell 1998, 50; Williams and Gormley 2002, 62.

DRUMGOWNA WEST: BRONZE RAPIER 130m OD; CS 1; IG 134; H 1500 6800+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a bronze rapier, which has been attributed to the middle 216

INVENTORY EDERGOOL: BRONZE SWORD 52m OD; CS 43; IG 272; H 4200 2100+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a Class 4, leaf-shaped bronze sword, which has been attributed to the late Bronze Age. It is currently held at the Fermanagh County Museum in Enniskillen [FCM 1978_136L]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 62. EDERNY: BRONZE SWORD 80m OD; CS 6; IG 154; H 2200 6500+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a bronze sword, which has been attributed to the Bronze Age. It is currently held at the British Museum in London [BM 43.12.26.1]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 62. ELY ISLAND: BRONZE DAGGER 50m OD; CS 15; IG 192; H 1900 5100+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a bronze dagger, found close to Ely Lodge forest. It has been attributed to the Bronze Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1897.168]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 62.

Figure 267: Drumwhinny Yew Bow (Not in SMR) (after Glover 1979) EDENMORE: BRONZE HOARD 175m OD; CS 23; IG 193/212; H 3400 4800+ A hoard of bronze weapons was reported to have been found in a bog, during turf cutting at Tempo. This is not a townland name, but lies mainly in Edenmore townland, although the findspot may also have been in the adjacent townlands of Demesne or Tullynaglug. Finds included two swords and a base-looped spearhead. They are attributed to the Dowris Phase of the Late Bronze Age (c.900-600 BC). FER [Not in SMR] Hodges 1956, 29-56; Waddell 1998, 238.

1.ENNISKILLEN: STONE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a polished stone axe head, which has been attributed to the Neolithic period. Its current location is unknown. FER [Not in SMR] Day Catalogue 1913, 4; Williams and Gormley 2002, 62. 2.ENNISKILLEN: STONE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a polished stone axe head, which has been attributed to the Neolithic period. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1929.1908]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 62. 3.ENNISKILLEN: STONE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a polished stone axe head, which has been attributed to the Neolithic period. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI E92.89]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 62. 4.ENNISKILLEN: STONE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a polished stone axe head, which may possibly be carved out of schist. It is attributed to the Neolithic period. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1933.4815]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 63.

Figure 268: Tempo Hoard (Not in SMR) (after Waddell 1998, 238) 217

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND 5.ENNISKILLEN: STONE AXE HEADS (4) 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located, but was recorded as being from the West Bridge. These four polished stone axe heads were attributed to the Neolithic period. Their current location is unknown. FER [Not in SMR] Day Catalogue 1913, 5; Williams and Gormley 2002, 63.

12.ENNISKILLEN: FLINT FLAKE 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a flint flake, which has been attributed to the Neolithic or Bronze Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1932.6346]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 63.

6.ENNISKILLEN: STONE AXE HEADS (6) 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. Six polished stone axe heads, attributed to the Neolithic period, were found near Enniskillen. They are currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1932.6342-6347]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 63.

13.ENNISKILLEN: FLINT ARROWHEAD 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a barbed and tanged flint arrowhead, which has been attributed to the early Bronze Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1959.530]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 64.

7.ENNISKILLEN: STONE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a polished stone axe head, which has been attributed to the Neolithic period. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1898.33]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 63.

14.ENNISKILLEN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a Vase Food Vessel, which has been attributed to the early Bronze Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. FER [Not in SMR] Waddell 1990, 88; Williams and Gormley 2002, 64.

8.ENNISKILLEN: STONE AXE HEADS (3) 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 2400+ This findspot has not been precisely located, but was recorded as being near Enniskillen. These three polished stone axe heads were attributed to the Neolithic period. They are currently held at the Asmolean Museum in Oxford [AM 1927.4554-4556]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 63.

15.ENNISKILLEN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 50m OD CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was an Irish Bowl, which has been attributed to the early Bronze Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1900.57a]. FER [Not in SMR] Abercromby 1912, Vol. 1, 123; ApSimon 1969, 63; Ó Ríordáin and Waddell 1993, 109; Williams and Gormley 2002, 64.

9.ENNISKILLEN: STONE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a polished stone axe head, which has been attributed to the Neolithic period. Its current location is unknown. FER [Not in SMR] Day Catalogue 1913, 5; Williams and Gormley 2002, 63.

16.ENNISKILLEN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINT KNIFE 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was an enlarged Food Vessel, which has been attributed to the early Bronze Age. It was accompanied by a flint knife. They are currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1900.57a-c]. FER [Not in SMR] Abercromby 1912, Vol. II, 123; Hartnett 1952, 160; ApSimon 1969, 63; Williams and Gormley 2002, 64.

10.ENNISKILLEN: FLINT SPEARHEAD 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a flint spearhead, which has been attributed to the Neolithic or Bronze Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1932.63426347]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 63.

17.ENNISKILLEN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a Vase Urn, which has been attributed to the early Bronze Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. FER [Not in SMR] Waddell 1990, 88; Williams and Gormley 2002, 64.

11.ENNISKILLEN: FLINT KNIFE 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a plano-convex flint knife, which has been attributed to the Neolithic or Bronze Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1900.57c]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 63.

18.ENNISKILLEN: BRONZE DAGGER 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a bronze dagger, which has been attributed to the Bronze Age. Its current location is unknown. 218

INVENTORY 25.ENNISKILLEN: COPPER HALBERD 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a copper halberd, which has been attributed to the early Bronze Age. It is currently held at the British Museum in London [BM 83.10.18, 1]. FER [Not in SMR] Ó Ríordáin 1936, 206; Harbison 1969a, No. 154; Williams and Gormley 2002, 66.

FER [Not in SMR] Day Catalogue 1913, 39; Williams and Gormley 2002, 64. 19.ENNISKILLEN: BRONZE DAGGER 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a bronze dagger, which has been attributed to the Bronze Age. It is currently held in a private collection. FER [Not in SMR] Day 1895, 51; Williams and Gormley 2002, 64.

26.ENNISKILLEN: BRONZE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a bronze palstave, which has been attributed to the middle Bronze Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Denmark in Copenhagen. FER [Not in SMR] Eogan 1991, 151; Williams and Gormley 2002, 66.

20.ENNISKILLEN: BRONZE AXE HEADS (3) 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. The three flanged bronze axe heads have been attributed to the middle Bronze Age. One is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1913.20]. The current location of the others is unknown. FER [Not in SMR] Day Catalogue 1913, 28 & 31; Ramsey 1989, 51; Williams and Gormley 2002, 64 & 65.

27.ENNISKILLEN: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a socketed, bronze spearhead, which has been attributed to the late Bronze Age. It is currently held at Salisbury Museum in England [SM B792]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 66.

21.ENNISKILLEN: BRONZE AXE HEADS (4) 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. These four flanged bronze axe heads have been attributed to the early Bronze Age. Two are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A232 & A244.1937], one at the British Museum in London [BM 43.12.26.7] and the fourth at Fermanagh County Museum in Enniskillen [FCM 1937_244]. FER [Not in SMR] Harbison 1969b, No. 1981; Ramsey 1989, 122 & 576; Williams and Gormley 2002, 65.

28.ENNISKILLEN: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a side-looped, bronze spearhead, which has been attributed to the middle Bronze Age. It is currently held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [AM 1927.2869]. FER [Not in SMR] Evans 1881, 324; Ramsey 1989, 15; Williams and Gormley 2002, 66.

22.ENNISKILLEN: BRONZE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a flat, bronze axe head, which has been attributed to the early Bronze Age. It is currently held in a private collection. FER [Not in SMR] Harbison 1969b, No. 774; Williams and Gormley 2002, 65.

29.ENNISKILLEN: BRONZE SWORD 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a leaf-shaped, bronze sword, which has been attributed to the late Bronze Age. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A5.1980]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 66.

23.ENNISKILLEN: BRONZE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a flat, decorated, bronze axe head, which has been attributed to the early Bronze Age. It is currently held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [AM 1927.2751]. FER [Not in SMR] Megaw and Hardy 1938, 303; Harbison 1969b, No. 922; Williams and Gormley 2002, 65.

30.ENNISKILLEN: BRONZE SWORD 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a leaf-shaped, Class 4 bronze sword, which has been attributed to the late Bronze Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1900.44]. FER [Not in SMR] Eogan 1965, No. 155; Williams and Gormley 2002, 66.

24.ENNISKILLEN: BRONZE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a socketed, bronze axe head, which has been attributed to the late Bronze Age. It is currently held at the British Museum in London [BM 47.6.30.3]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 65.

31.ENNISKILLEN: BRONZE SWORD 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a leaf-shaped, Class 4 bronze sword, which has been attributed to the late Bronze Age. It is currently held at the Hunt Museum in Limerick in Ireland [HML 126]. FER [Not in SMR] 219

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND 38.ENNISKILLEN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINT KNIFE 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ The location was given as ‘near Enniskillen’, with an arbitrary grid reference of H 2400 4400 (ApSimon 1969). This site was also reported by Waddell (1990), as a vase and a vase urn, found in a sand pit, along with a flint knife and cremated bones. The National Museum of Ireland in Dublin records suggest the urn was inverted on a slab. This site has not been precisely located. FER [Not in SMR] Abercromby 1912; ApSimon 1969, 63; Waddell 1990, 88.

Herbert 1940, 84; Eogan 1965, No. 156; Williams and Gormley 2002, 66. 32.ENNISKILLEN: BRONZE SWORD 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a leaf-shaped, Class 4 bronze sword, which has been attributed to the late Bronze Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Denmark in Copenhagen. FER [Not in SMR] Eogan 1991, 154; Williams and Gormley 2002, 66. 33.ENNISKILLEN: BRONZE SWORD 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a leaf-shaped, Class 6 bronze sword, which has been attributed to the late Bronze Age. It is currently held at the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, Canada [ROM AF 77]. FER [Not in SMR] Eogan 1965, No. 614; Williams and Gormley 2002, 67.

ERRASALLAGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 240m OD; CS 29/35; IG 232/247; H 4700 3500+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a Beaker pot, which has been attributed to the early Bronze Age. It is currently held at Monaghan County Museum [MCM 75.194]. FER [Not in SMR] Sweetman 1976, 126; Williams and Gormley 2002, 68. ERVEY: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 250m OD; CS 29/35; IG 232; H 4800 3600+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a leaf-shaped, bronze spearhead, which has been attributed to the Bronze Age. It is currently held at Monaghan County Museum [MCM 75.177]. FER [Not in SMR] Walsh 1979, 115; Williams and Gormley 2002, 68.

34.ENNISKILLEN: BRONZE RAPIERS (2) 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. These were fragments of two bronze rapiers, which have been attributed to the middle Bronze Age. They are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A485 & A490.1937]. FER [Not in SMR] Trump 1962, 99; Burgess and Gerloff 1981, No. 209; Ramsey 1989, No. 67; Williams and Gormley 2002, 67.

ERVEY: STONE AXE HEAD 250m OD; CS 29/35; IG 232; H 4800 3600+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a polished stone axe head, which has been attributed to the Neolithic period. It is currently held at Monaghan County Museum [MCM 75.182]. FER [Not in SMR] Walsh 1979, 112; Williams and Gormley 2002, 68.

35.ENNISKILLEN: GOLD RING MONEY 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a quantity of gold ring money, which has been attributed to the late Bronze Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1899.30]. FER [Not in SMR] Taylor 1980, 105; Eogan 1994, 125; Williams and Gormley 2002, 67.

ERVEY: BRONZE AXE HEAD 250m OD; CS 29/35; IG 232; H 4800 3600+ This findspot has not been precisely located, but it was recorded as being found 2.5m below the ground surface in a bog. This was a flat, bronze axe head, which has been attributed to the early Bronze Age. It is currently held at Monaghan County Museum in Ireland [MCM 75.163]. FER [Not in SMR] Walsh 1979, 115; Williams and Gormley 2002, 68.

36.ENNISKILLEN: GOLD LUNULA 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a gold lunula, which has been attributed to the early Bronze Age. It is currently held in a private collection, believed to be in the United States of America. FER [Not in SMR] Taylor 1980, 105; Eogan 1994, 125; Williams and Gormley 2002, 67.

ESHBRALLY: DECORATED STONE 180m OD; CS 35; IG 246; H 4118 3398 This site is in upland bog, 120m west of a stone circle FER 246:014 (Eshbrally). This stone was discovered forty years ago, without any associated finds, just below the surface of peaty soil, during quarrying operations for sandstone. It is a small, roughly rectangular slab, measuring 0.3m in height, 0.4m in width and 0.2m in thickness. In one corner is a cup-mark, measuring 5cm in diameter and 3cm in depth, which is surrounded by a pocked ring mark. This ring mark measured 11cm in diameter. Outside of this is a small arc, which is concentric with this ring mark. The rest of the stone is undecorated. It has been attributed to

37.ENNISKILLEN: GLASS BEAD 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2400 4400+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was an inlaid glass bead, which has been attributed to the Iron Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1948.62]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 67.

220

INVENTORY FURNISH: SADDLE QUERNS (2) 110m OD; CS 17; IG 194; H 4250 4950+ Two irregular saddle querns were reported to have been found at Furnish in County Tyrone, but Furnish townland is located in County Fermanagh. They are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A853:1926]. FER [Not in SMR] Connolly 1994, 34.

the early Bronze Age. It is currently held at Fermanagh County Museum in Enniskillen [FCM 1977_032]. FER 246:013 Williams and Gormley 2002, 68.

GARDENHILL: BRONZE HOARD 220m OD; CS 25; IG 228; H 1000 4100 This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a bronze hoard, recorded as being possibly incomplete, but containing a socketed hammer, a small plain ring and a ring and staple. It has been attributed to the late Bronze Age and is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI P/1952/9-11]. FER [Not in SMR] Hodges 1957a, 63; Eogan 1983, 84; Williams and Gormley 2002, 70.

Plate 55: Eshbrally Decorated Stone (FER 246:013)

GARDENHILL: GOLD RING MONEY 220m OD; CS 25; IG 228; H 1000 4100+ This findspot has not been precisely located. It was a quantity of gold ring money, which has been attributed to the late Bronze Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1909.10]. FER [Not in SMR] Armstrong 1920, 81; Taylor 1980, 104; Eogan 1994, 137; Williams and Gormley 2002, 70.

ESHNADARRAGH: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 200m OD; CS 29; IG 231; H 4200 3900 This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a side-looped, bronze spearhead, which has been attributed to the middle Bronze Age. It is currently held at Monaghan County Museum [MCM 75.176]. FER [Not in SMR] Walsh 1979, 115; Ramsey 1989, No. 331; Williams and Gormley 2002, 68.

GARRISON: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 40m OD; CS 13; IG 189; G 9400 5200+ This findspot has not been precisely located. It was a bronze spearhead, which has been attributed to the Bronze Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1941.339]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 70.

FAUGHARD: BRONZE AXE HEAD 70m OD; CS 27/28; IG 230; H 3100 4100+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a flat, bronze axe head, which has been attributed to the early Bronze Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1883.304]. FER [Not in SMR] Harbison 1969b, No. 374; Williams and Gormley 2002, 69.

GARRISON: BRONZE HORN 40m OD; CS 13; IG 189; G 9400 5200+ This findspot has not been precisely located. The artefact was a bronze horn, which was catalogued as a trumpet. It was attributed to the late Bronze Age and is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1921.11]. FER [Not in SMR] Coles 1963, 355; Williams and Gormley 2002, 70.

FAUGHARD: BRONZE AXE HEAD 70m OD; CS 27/28; IG 230; H 3100 4100+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a flat, bronze axe head, attributed to the early Bronze Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1883.307]. FER [Not in SMR] Harbison 1969(b), No. 925; Williams and Gormley 2002, 69.

GLASSMULLAGH: ASSEMBLAGE 50m OD; CS 27; IG 211; H 2635 4175 This polished stone axe head and flint hollow scraper were recovered from a crannog. The stone axe head has been attributed to the Neolithic period, while the flint hollow scraper has been attributed to the Neolithic or Bronze Age. Also recovered was an inlaid glass bead. They were recovered during an excavation, which has not yet been published. They are currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NI 1901.20]. FER 211:067 Foley and McHugh 2014, Vol 1, Part 2, 614-615; Williams and Gormley 2002, 71 and 73.

FLORENCE COURT: BRONZE RAPIER 80m OD; CS 32; IG 244; H 1800 3400+ This findspot has not been precisely located, but was reported to have been in a bog. This was a bronze dirk or rapier, which has been attributed to the middle Bronze Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1885.356]. FER [Not in SMR] Trump 1962, 99; Burgess and Gerloff 1981, No. 724; Ramsey 1989, No. 265; Williams and Gormley 2002, 69.

221

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND GLEN: ASSEMBLAGE 90m OD; CS 16; IG 193; H 2823 5171 This polished stone axe head was found in the area of a crannog, in Drumsloe Lough. The crannog is now densely overgrown and occasionally forms part of the mainland to the south-west of the lough. A variety of artefacts had been found here, including a decorated quern stone and soapstone cup. The axe head is currently held in a private collection. FER 193:039 Sheridan et al. 1992, 409; Williams and Gormley 2002, 61.

Armstrong 1920, 67; Taylor 1980, 105; Williams and Gormley 2002, 51. INISHEE ISLAND: FLINTS 50m OD; CS 25; IG 228; H 1004 3774 Inishee is a small wooded island in Lough MacNean Lower. At its centre, is a steep earthen mound, which measured 60m north-east/south-west, 33m north-west/southeast, standing at a height of 5m. It was excavated in 1939 by Davies, who tentatively concluded it to be a natural mound, with artificially scarped sides and a levelled summit. No evidence was found to indicate substantial settlement. The island is referred to in the Annals of the Four Masters as Inis Octa, which was the site of a battle in 1499. However, Davies felt that Inis Octa was actually Port Island in Lough MacNean Upper. Investigations within the island, between 2000 and 2009, uncovered late Mesolithic broad blades and associated debitage. Excavations in 2009 [CAF] recovered many more flint flakes and blades, thought to range between the early Mesolithic and the early Neolithic periods. FER 228:041 Davies 1939, 19-30; Chart 1940, 171; Martin 2011; Excavations.ie, 2009.

GLENCUNNY: BRONZE RAPIER 90m OD; CS 26; IG 211/229; H 1900 4100+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a bronze rapier, which has been attributed to the middle Bronze Age. It is currently held in a private collection. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 73. GLENROSS: BRONZE SWORD 50m OD; CS 10; IG 173; H 1800 5700+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a bronze, leaf-shaped, Class 6 sword, which has been attributed to the late Bronze Age. It is currently held in a private collection. FER [Not in SMR] Eogan 1965, No. 604; Williams and Gormley 2002, 73. GORTALOUGHAN: BRONZE AXE HEAD 90m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2540 4840 This was a socketed, bronze axe head, which was recorded as being found in a bog. It has been attributed to the late Bronze Age. It is currently held in a private collection. FER [Not in SMR] Eogan 2000, 134; Williams and Gormley 2002, 74. GORTEEN: COPPER AXE HEAD 62m OD; CS 5; IG 154; H 1780 6180 This was a flat, copper axe head, which has been attributed to the early Bronze Age. It was recorded as being found during the clearing of a field drain. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A7970]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 74.

Plate 56: Inishee Island Habitation Site (FER 228:041) INISHKEEN: BRONZE SWORD 50m OD; CS 10; IG 173; H 1800 5700+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a bronze sword, which has been attributed to the Bronze Age. Its current location is unknown. FER [Not in SMR] Day 1895, 49-50; Williams and Gormley 2002, 74.

IMEROO: BRONZE DIRK 120m OD; CS 17; IG 194; H 3820 5140 This was a bronze dirk, which has been attributed to the middle Bronze Age. It was reported to have been found in a bog. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1872.4]. FER [Not in SMR] Trump 1962, 99; Burgess and Gerloff 1981, No. 723; Ramsey 1989, No. 266; Williams and Gormley 2002, 74.

INISHLEAGUE: BRONZE SWORDS (2) 46m OD; CS 33; IG 245; H 3040 3450 Two bronze, leaf-shaped, Class 4 swords were found on the edge of Inishleague Island. They have been attributed to the late Bronze Age. They are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A505.1935]. FER [Not in SMR] Lowry-Corry 1938, 204; Eogan 1965, No. 162; Williams and Gormley 2002, 75.

INISH MORE OR DAVY’S ISLAND: GOLD SLEEVE FASTENER 40m OD; CS 10; IG 173; H 1730 5940 This was a gold sleeve, or cuff fastener, which has been attributed to the late Bronze Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI R1865.1859]. FER [Not in SMR]

KEERAN: BRONZE DAGGER 153m OD; CS 6/11; IG 154; H 2450 6125 This findspot has not been precisely located. This was 222

INVENTORY a bronze dagger, which has been attributed to the early Bronze Age. It was reported to have been found in a bog. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A968.1937]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 75.

County Museum [ACM 50-52.1938] and the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. FER [Not in SMR] Patterson and Davies 1939, 218-219; Hodges 1957, 51-63; Eogan 1964, 338; 1983, 85; Weatherup 1978, 38; Williams and Gormley 2002, 76.

KEERAN: BRONZE RAPIER 153m OD; CS 6/11; IG 154; H 2450 6125 This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a bronze rapier, which has been attributed to the middle Bronze Age. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A968.1937]. FER [Not in SMR] Lowry-Corry 1938, 206; Trump 1962, 91; Burgess and Gerloff 1981, No. 227; Ramsey 1989, 22; Williams and Gormley 2002, 75.

KILLYHEVLIN: STONE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 22/27; IG 211; H 2400 4200+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a polished stone axe head, made from porcellanite. It has been attributed to the Neolithic period. It is currently held at Fermanagh County Museum in Enniskillen [FCM 1980_128]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 80. KILLYHOMMON: BRONZE SWORD 60m OD; CS 21; IG 210; H 1340 4640 This was a bronze, leaf-shaped, Class 4 sword, which was recovered from the Sillees River. It has been attributed to the late Bronze Age. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A140.1990]. FER [Not in SMR] Ramsey et al. 1992, 150; Williams and Gormley 2002, 80.

KESH: BRONZE AXE HEAD 40m OD; CS 5; IG 153; H 1640 6300 This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a bronze, socketed axe head, which has been attributed to the late Bronze Age. It was reported to have been found in Lough Erne, near Kesh. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1897.139]. FER [Not in SMR] Eogan 2000, 93; Williams and Gormley 2002, 76.

KILLYHOMMON: IRON SPEAR BUTT 60m OD; CS 21; IG 210; H 1340 4640 This was an iron spear butt, which was recovered from the Sillees River. It has been attributed to the Iron Age. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A49.1990]. FER [Not in SMR] Ramsey et al. 1992, 150; Scott 1994, 98; Williams and Gormley 2002, 80.

KEVANAGH: STONE AXE HEAD 40m OD; CS 39/42; IG 261; H 3900 2300 This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a polished stone axe head, which has been attributed to the Neolithic period. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A171.1960]. FER [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1963, 106; Williams and Gormley 2002, 76.

*KILLYKEEGHAN: DECORATED STONE 190m OD; CS 31; IG 243; H 1076 3409 This site is in a boulder strewn field, 15m south of a stone enclosure, FER 243:005 (Killykeeghan). It is a rounded limestone boulder, measuring 1.2m in length and 0.9m in width. It is decorated with cup and ring marks. Two deep cups, each 6cm in diameter, are encircled by a ring and an arc of a ring, measuring 23cm and 17cm in diameter respectively. A third, smaller cup, with a penannular

KILLARD: FLINT SCRAPER 62m OD; CS 39; IG 261; H 3625 2700 This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a flint end scraper, which has been attributed to the Neolithic or Bronze Age. It was reported as being found 50cm below ground surface, within a back garden in a row of cottages. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM RS1983.1]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 76. KILLYBREED: BEEHIVE QUERN 50m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2200 4300+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a stone beehive quern, which has been attributed to the early Iron Age. It is currently held in storage by HED. FER [Not in SMR] Caulfield 1977, 134; Williams and Gormley 2002, 76. KILLYCREEN WEST: BRONZE HOARD 110m OD; CS 25; IG 210/228; H 0800 4100+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a hoard, which consisted of a bronze socketed knife, a socketed gouge and six amber beads. All were attributed to the late Bronze Age. They are currently held at Armagh

Plate 57: Killykeeghan Decorated Stone (FER 243:028)

223

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND ring, measuring 7cm in diameter, is set close to one of the larger marks. A number of small cups, measuring 3cm4cm diameter, are found on the stone, but these may be solution hollows. FER 243:028

burial, was an almost rectangular glass bead, with raised spiral ornamentation. A dumb-bell type bead and a tricoloured bead were also recovered from the Iron Age horizon, although neither was associated with a burial. Finds dating to the Neolithic included a leaf-shaped flint arrowhead, some flint scrapers and a sherd of decorated Neolithic pottery. In 1983, with the monument under threat, an excavation of the undisturbed peripheral mounds was undertaken to determine their age and function. Approximately half of these had already been investigated and were therefore disturbed. A preliminary re-examination yielded only one fragment of green glass and a small piece of cremated bone. However, excavation of one undisturbed mound (No. 13), revealed an Iron Age cremation burial on the old ground surface, close to the outer edge of the ditch. Accompanying it, were a complete iron fibula dating to the first century AD and part of a decorated bronze mirror handle of a type commonly used by Celts and Romans. Pieces of iron and bronze objects, some of which were decorated in Iron Age style, complete with cast features and enamelled settings, were also found. The proximity of the stone circle, two earthworks and three barrows indicate that this monument is part of a sizeable and important complex, spanning a considerable period of time. FER 154:002 Wakeman 1881-1882, 538-560; Borlase 1897, 218-221; Chart 1940, 146; Davies  1946, 53-57; Rogers 1967, 169; Foley 1988, 24-26; Williams and Gormley 2002, 137.

KILMALANOPHY: BRONZE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 25; IG 229; H 2550 4100+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a bronze, socketed axe head, which has been attributed to the late Bronze Age. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A9619]. FER [Not in SMR] Eogan 2000, 84; Williams and Gormley 2002, 81. KILSMULLAN: ASSEMBLAGE 62m OD; CS 6; IG 154; H 2483 6542 This site has been classified as Bronze Age. While digging, the landowner found a bronze socketed axe, a concentration of stones and a quantity of charcoal. The axe head has been attributed to the late Bronze Age and is currently held at Fermanagh County Museum in Enniskillen [FCM 1978_158]. The findspot is on the margins of a small dried-out lake, which is now a bog. Excavation revealed a stone structure, measuring 2.2m in length and 0.75m in width, set into a peat layer. It was formed of two rows of small slabs, five of which showed traces of burning. It enclosed a rectangular interior, measuring 2.2m in length and 0.48m in width, which was covered with a deposit of charcoal and burnt soil. Southeast of it was a rectangular stone platform in two parts, each measuring 0.9m in length and 0.27m in width. FER 154:079 Williams 1984, 5-8; Eogan 2000, 143; Williams and Gormley 2002, 82.

*KILTIERNEY: POTTERY (UNCLASSIFIED) & FLINTS 100m OD; CS 6; IG 154; H 2170 6262 This site is also in Tullanaglug townland. It is a linear earthwork, known locally as the Friar’s Walk, comprising two parallel banks, set 15m apart, with internal ditches, bordering a road-like a strip of land. This extends over a large area of Kiltierny Deerpark and is cut in places by a road, walls and also military buildings. Excavation revealed a shallow outer ditch, at the north, inside which are the remains of a small bank, capped with limestone. Inside this is a second ditch. The roadway is bordered at the south by a second bank and ditch, with no outer ditch. Sherds of pottery and flints were found. FER 154:003

Plate 58: Kilsmullan Assemblage (FER 154:079) *KILTIERNEY: ASSEMBLAGE 95m OD; CS 6; IG 154; H 2170 6267 The site comprises the disturbed remains of a passage tomb, which was re-used as an Iron Age ring barrow. It was enclosed by a circle of small mounds. An excavation by Flanagan in 1969 confirmed that the mound of the Neolithic passage tomb had been heightened and reused for cremation burials, during the Iron Age. One burial contained a Navan Style decorative bronze fibula and a barrel-shaped glass bead, which was decorated with a herring-bone pattern. Associated with another

Plate 59: Kiltierney Linear Earthwork (FER 154:003)

224

INVENTORY KNOCKMANOUL: DECORATED STONE 80m OD; CS 16; IG 192; H 2600 5000+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a cup-marked, decorated stone, which has been attributed to the early Bronze Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1914.25]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 83.

OS Name Revision Book 1857, 6, 1, 11; Chart 1940, 146; Daniels et al. 1977, 32-41; Williams and Gormley 2002, 135136. KILTIERNEY: ASSEMBLAGE 90m OD; CS 6; IG 154; H 2193 6255 This was the site of a stone circle, on top of the southern end of a narrow ridge, 250m east/south/east of a passage tomb (FER 154:002). Before destruction, the circle consisted of seven large boulders, one of which was split. Excavation in 1975 revealed a well-defined bank westnorth. Stone sockets and settings, indicating that the bank never formed a complete circle, attest to the presence of at least eight uprights. The stones were removed in 1974. The circle enclosed seven burials, with grave goods, which included Carrowkeel Ware, beads and a cordoned urn. Burial 1 comprised a spread of cremated bone in the centre of the circle, accompanied by hammer pendant beads and sherds of coarse Carrowkeel Ware pottery, which had been decorated with stab-and-drag ornament. The removal of Burial 1 revealed Burial 7, a miniature cist, which consisted of a rectangular rock-cut pit, containing cremated bones and accompanied by two stone beads and four amber beads [FCM 1980_31a-f]. Burial 3 also occurred in a natural hollow on the perimeter and consisted of a small quantity of cremated bone, which had been covered by a cordoned urn [FCM 1980_035]. Burial 4 constituted a deposit of cremated bone, on the flat bottom of a subrectangular rock-cut pit, which measured 35cm deep. Accompanying the remains were three sherds of pottery [FCM 1980_24a, b]. One sherd was from a grooved-ware vessel, which exhibited incised decoration. FER 154:004 Wakeman 1875, 467 and 1881, 538-560; Chart 1940, 146; Evans 1966, 115; Daniells et al. 1977, 32-41; Burl 1995, 196197.

KNOCKNINNY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 120m OD; CS 33; IG 245; H 2800 3100+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a Vase Urn, which has been attributed to the early Bronze Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1876.12]. FER [Not in SMR] Plunkett 1878b, 465-483; Coleman 1947, 76; Waddell 1990, 89; Williams and Gormley 2002, 83. KNOCKNINNY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 120m OD; CS 33; IG 245; H 2800 3100+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was an Encrusted Urn, which was attributed to the early Bronze Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1876.9]. FER [Not in SMR] Plunkett 1878(b), 465-483; Waddell 1990, 89; Williams and Gormley 2002, 83. KNOCKNINNY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 120m OD; CS 33; IG 245; H 2800 3100+ This findspot has not been precisely located. These sherds of a Food Vessel have been attributed to the early Bronze Age. They are currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1876.12]. FER [Not in SMR] Plunkett 1878(b), 473; Wakeman 1897(b), 329-338; Coleman 1947, 76; Williams and Gormley 2002, 83. KNOCKNINNY: BRONZE HOARD 120m OD; CS 33; IG 245; H 2800 3100+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a hoard of twenty bronze, flat axe heads, which have been attributed to the early Bronze Age. The current location of the hoard is unknown. FER [Not in SMR] Williams 1974, 156-157; Williams and Gormley 2002, 83. LACK: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 100m OD; CS 6; IG 155; H 2700 6700+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This is a socket-looped, bronze spearhead, which has been attributed to the middle Bronze Age. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UMA447.1936]. FER [Not in SMR] Ramsey 1989, No. 561; Williams and Gormley 2002, 84.

Figure 269: Kiltierney Urn (FER 154:004) (after Daniels and Williams 1977, 39) KILTIERNEY: GLASS BEAD & FLINT SCRAPER 90m OD; CS 6; IG 154; H 2170 6268 The glass bead was attributed to the Iron Age and is currently held in storage by HED. The flint scraper was attributed to the Neolithic or Bronze Age and is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A3712]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 82.

LEAM BEG: SADDLE QUERN 60m OD; CS 21; IG 211; H 1800 4210 This was a stone saddle quern, which was found on the shore of Coolyermer Lough. It has been attributed to the Neolithic or Bronze Age. It is currently held at Fermanagh County Museum in Enniskillen [FCM 1999_018]. 225

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND LISNASKEA: BRONZE SWORD 50m OD; CS 34; IG 246; H 3600 3300+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a leaf-shaped, Class 4 bronze sword, which was found near Lisnaskea. It has been attributed to the late Bronze Age. It is currently held in a private collection. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 86.

FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 84. LEAM BEG: SADDLE QUERN 60m OD; CS 21; IG 211; H 1800 4210 This was a stone saddle quern, which has been attributed to the Neolithic or Bronze Age. It was found on the shore of Coolyermer Lough and is currently held in a private collection. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 84.

LISRACE: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 80m OD; CS 35/40; IG 247; H 4900 3000+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a side-looped bronze spearhead, which has been attributed to the middle Bronze Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI SA1920.2]. FER [Not in SMR] Ramsey 1989, No. 382; Williams and Gormley 2002, 86.

LEAM BEG: QUERNS (4) 60m OD; CS 21; IG 211; H 1793 4264 These sites, on the shores of Coolyermer Lough, were reported by the landowner. A small crannog, FER 211:060 (Moybrone) is set at the north end of the lough, where a fragment of a rotary quern was found during the field visit. Nearby, on the north-western shore of the lough, are the remains of five submerged stone-built structures. These are made with small stones, approximately 0.05m-0.2m in diameter, with occasional larger stones. Some oak timbers appear to be part of platforms, which seem to be different in construction from the crannog nearby. Three saddle querns, which have been attributed to the Neolithic or Bronze Age and also three upper stones, have been recovered from the platforms. They were retained by the landowner. FER 211:108 Williams and Gormley 2002, 85.

LUSTY MORE ISLAND: STONE SCULPTURE 50m OD; CS 4/9; IG 153; H 1050 6150 This carved stone figure was removed from Lusty More Island. It was then relocated to Caldragh graveyard on Boa Island (Dreenan Townland). Here, it currently stands with another stone figure, located near the centre of the graveyard, which is enclosed by a metal fence. Beyond the fence are the remains of an early ecclesiastical enclosure. The dates of the figures are unknown, but they are widely believed to be pre-Christian in origin. FER [Not in SMR] OS Revision Name Book 1856, sh. 41; Lowry-Corry 1919, 41; Chart 1940, 145; Evans 1966, 113-14; Hamlin 2008, 698699; Warner 2003, 24-27.

LISMALORE: STONE AXE HEAD 100m OD; CS 28; IG 231; H 3900 4100+ This findspot has not been precisely located. It was reported to be Brookeborough. This was a polished stone axe head, which has been attributed to the Neolithic period. It is now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1929.1086]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 35.

MILLTATE: FLINT ARROWHEAD 65m OD; CS 11; IG 173; H 2380 5820 This was a flint arrowhead, which was attributed to the Neolithic or Bronze Age. It is currently held at Fermanagh County Museum in Enniskillen [FCM 1983_001]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 75. MOLLY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINT 175m OD; CS 38; IG 259; H 2375 2801 This flat cemetery site was excavated by John Channing in 1998. Prior to the excavation, the site was recorded as a rath. The excavation revealed that it was a burial site, with the primary phase of activity, probably being in the early to middle Bronze Age. Enclosed within the central space were two cremation burials. Approximately at the centre of the enclosed area, was a stone-lined pit or cist, which contained cremated remains. Less than 1m to the east of the cist was a second pit, into which an inverted cinerary urn, which contained a cremation burial, had been placed, probably intact. The excavator identified the urn as possibly belonging to the cordoned urn tradition. The urn had been placed onto a base of limestone slabs, at the bottom of the pit. A number of smaller pits in the central area also produced flint, potsherds and some cremated bone, as well as some fire-cracked stone. FER 259:001 Channing 1998, 1.

LISNASKEA: STONE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 34; IG 246; H 3600 3300+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a polished stone axe head, which was found near Lisnaskea. It has been attributed to the Neolithic period and is currently held at Monaghan County Museum [MCM 75.167]. FER [Not in SMR] Walsh 1979, 112; Williams and Gormley 2002, 86. LISNASKEA: BRONZE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 34; IG 246; H 3600 3300+ This findspot has not been precisely located. This was a decorated, bronze palstave, which was found near Lisnaskea. It has been attributed to the middle Bronze Age. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A302.1937]. FER [Not in SMR] Ramsey 1989, 152; Williams and Gormley 2002, 86.

226

INVENTORY MOLLY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINT 185m OD; CS 38; IG 259; 2378 2812 This site was excavated by John Channing in 1998, in advance of quarrying. Excavation revealed a complex site, which probably dated to the early to middle Bronze Age. The site consisted of a cairn, which might have originally been a small passage tomb or cist cairn, as well as two standing stones and also evidence of domestic habitation. Five major concentrations of burnt bone were found during the excavation. These were associated with pottery sherds and were identified as possible cremation deposits. One of the cremations, located within the cairn on the eastern side, was found associated with sherds, which the excavator tentatively identified as Beaker pottery. To the north of the cairn, some possible evidence of habitation was found. A cluster of eight stake holes was found in association with potsherds, flints and burnt hazel nut shells, located approximately 10m from the edge of the kerb. To the west of this feature, a spread of dark material was similarly associated with flint scrapers, as well as worked chert and quartz fragments. FER 259:002 Chart 1940, 182; Channing 1998, 2.

three chambers, each with a threshold sill. The passage, together with the western and southern chambers, was filled with a mass of cremated bone, which was removed in vast amounts. This was spread out to dry and then searched. Beads and hammer-pendants were found among the bones, but their original positions were not recorded. Secondary burials were noted in the eastern chamber, which had been adapted as a two-storey cist. The lower compartment contained a human skull and some other human bones, together with bones of deer, pig, rabbit and bird, as well as several large boar tusks and a small number of seashells. The upper compartment contained burnt bones, which was accompanied by a bowl food vessel. Outside this, a rudimentary secondary cist, which had been constructed as a lean-to, was found to contain a human skull and other human bones, together with animal bones and some large boar tusks. Another cist was found high in the eastern side of the cairn. It contained cremated bones, which were accompanied by a bowl food vessel. In the bottom of this food vessel was a greasy, black pasty substance. Many of the finds are now held at the National Museum of Ireland Collection in Dublin [NMI 1898.15, 16]. FER 210:050 Coffey 1896-1898, 659-666; Herity 1924, 231; Chart 1940, 172; Evans 1966, 116-117; Waddell 1990, 88; Williams and Gormley 2002, 99-100.

MOLLY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 190m OD; CS 38; IG 259; H 2387 2832 This ring barrow site was excavated in 2003. Five deposits of human bone were recovered from natural depressions in the bedrock, which had been exposed by removal of the topsoil. These probably represented the remains of at least three adults, one of which was identified as probably being a male. The deposits had been disturbed and the cremations were not in their original positions. Seven sherds of pottery from the site were tentatively assigned a date of between 1200 – 600BC, suggesting this was probably a late Bronze Age burial site. FER 259:003 Dunlop 2005.

*MULLYKNOCK OR TOPPED MOUNTAIN: ASSEMBLAGE 270m OD; CS 23; IG 212; H 3114 4575 This hill-top burial cairn was excavated by Plunkett and Coffey in 1897. At the eastern edge, they discovered a short, rectangular dry stone cist, which contained the remains of an unburnt skeleton, an Irish Vase, a bronze dagger with gold pommel-binding and also a cremation. Two further cremations were found in the excavated area of the cairn, one accompanied by a polished stone axe, the other by a few sherds of coarse pottery. A barbedand-tanged arrowhead and two flint scrapers were also

*MOUNTDRUM: FLINT FLAKE 154m OD; CS 22; IG 212; H 3090 4337 This site is on level ground, on the south-western bank of a stream, which forms the townland boundary, 90m north-east of a wedge tomb FER 212:054 (Mountdrum). This oval burnt mound is dry and grassy. It measures 8m in length, 5.5m in width and stands 0.4m in height. There are two narrow linear depressions in the top of the mound, running parallel to the long axis, with a small U-shaped depression at the centre. The mound contains burnt, sandstone pieces and black material, under a covering of soil. A small piece of waste flint was found under peat nearby. A spring well is located just 40m to the south. FER 212:103 *MOYLEHID: ASSEMBLAGE 350m OD; CS 26; IG 210; H 1499 4161 This passage tomb, known as Giant’s Grave or the Eagle’s Knoll Cairn, was excavated by Plunkett in 1894. The excavation revealed a roofless and cruciform gallery, with a passage segmented by three low sills, giving access to

Figure 270: Mullyknock or Topped Mountain Urn (FER 212:028) (after Plunkett and Coffey 1898, 654) 227

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND recovered during the excavation. In 1875, an Ogham stone with the inscription NETTACU was found beside the cairn. The location of this Ogham stone is currently unknown, but the pottery is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1898:8-10]. FER 212:028 Wakeman 1874-1875, 529-542; Wakeman 1891, 85-87; Plunkett and Coffey 1896-1898, 651-658; Chart 1940, 166167; Evans 1966, 117; ApSimon 1969, 63; Waddell 1970, 117; Waddell 1990, 88-89; Williams and Gormley 2002, 101; McHugh et al. 2004.

‘trumpet-shaped ferrule’ and a socketed axe head. These are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. Other bronze artefacts were recovered here previously and are also held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. These included a halberd [186/1913], a leaf-shaped spearhead [441/1937], a leaf-shaped sword [187/1913] and a latchet brooch [196/1913]. FER [Not in SMR] Hodges 1957, 64-69. PORTORA: ASSEMBLAGE 30m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2225 4520 In 1887, dredging work in the River Erne at Portora revealed a large quantity of prehistoric artefacts, including fifty stone implements. One of these was a gneiss hammer, which measured 9cm in length. It is currently held in a private collection. FER [Not in SMR] Day 1895, 47-55.

PORTORA: BRONZE SWORD 30m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2225 4520 Part of a bronze leaf-shaped sword, including the point, was dredged from the River Erne at Portora in 1860. It measured 27.5cm in length, 4.1cm in width and 0.7cm in thickness. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 6.1961]. FER [Not in SMR] Lucas 1963, 115-133. PORTORA: ASSEMBLAGE 30m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2225 4520 In 1955, dredging work in the River Erne, prior to the construction of a sluice just below Portora Castle, revealed an assemblage of bronze artefacts, This included a Ballintober type sword, two basal-looped spearheads, a

Figure 272: Portora Stone Hammer (Not in SMR) (after Day 1895, 47) RATORAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 110m OD; CS 23; IG 212; H 3250 4700+ Waddell (1990) reported this flat cemetery site as ‘within a few perches of a megalithic structure “urns containing ashes and bones…a repository of ashes and bones in the ground, in small spaces and covered over respectively with little flags”. He also reported ‘about 70 or 80 perches from the megalithic stones “urns (were) dug up…with ashes and bones within them.’ This site has not been precisely located. FER [Not in SMR] PRONI D/2922, 19 October 1867; Waddell 1990, 89. *REYFAD: DECORATED STONES (6) 185m OD; CS 20; IG 210; H 1120 4615 This is a group of six earth-fast natural boulders, which lie on the east-facing slope of a hill, in a position which commands an excellent view over the Lower Erne Basin. The stones are situated 30m west of a small earthen enclosure [FER 210:072]. Five of the stones are decorated. The decorations include simple hollows, cup marks, cup and ring marks, conjoined cup and ring marks and crosses. Some of the cup marks are encircled by four or

Figure 271: Portora Assemblage (Not in SMR) (after Hodges 1957, 65) 228

INVENTORY five rings. FER 210:013 Wakeman 1874-1875, 445-472; Coffey 1911, 25; Chart 1940, 158; Bradley 1997, 214; Donnelly and Murphy 1998 and 1999.

Figure 273: Rossbeg Battle Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Simpson 1990, 25) ROSSBEG: STONE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 9; IG 171; H 0200 6000+ This findspot has not been precisely located, but it was reported as Castle Cauldwell. It was a polished stone axe head, with some resin attached. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A165.1913]. FER [Not in SMR] Day Catalogue 1913, 5; Williams and Gormley 2002, 36.

Plate 60: Reyfad Decorated Stone (FER 210:013)

ROSSBEG: BRONZE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 9; IG 171; H 0200 6000+ This findspot has not been precisely located. It was a bronze flanged flat axe head, which has been attributed to the middle Bronze Age. Its current location is unknown. FER [Not in SMR] Day Catalogue 1913, 29; Williams and Gormley 2002, 36.

ROSS: COPPER DAGGER 52m OD; CS 21; IG 210; H 1350 6588 This dagger blade was found during a search of dredged material, from the banks of the Sillees River. Other finds included animal bone, pieces of human skull and items ranging in date from the Mesolithic to the first millennium AD. The dagger blade has been ascribed to the Beaker period of the Early Bronze Age. It measured 17.1cm in length, 4.25cm in width and 0.2cm in thickness. FER [Not in SMR] Sheridan and Northover 1993, 61-69.

ROSSCOLBAN: FLINT & WOODEN STAKES (5) 62m OD; CS 5; IG 154; H 1780 6340 This site was investigated in advance of a proposed caravan development in 2012. The archaeological deposits uncovered, consisted of a fulacht fiadh, measuring 12m north-east/south-west, 13m north-west/south-east and 0.3m in thickness, with associated features and an isolated pit. One piece of worked flint and five wooden stakes were recovered from the excavation of these archaeological deposits. FER [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2012. ROSSFAD: LOGBOATS (2) 40m OD; CS 16; IG 192; H 2120 5210 Two logboats were found here. One is the incomplete remains of a fairly long logboat, which was embedded in sand. The observable length was 8.65m and the beam measured between 65cm and 75cm. The sides were absent, except at the stern. A circular perforation containing a wooden plug is present 1.84m from the stern and is probably a gauging device, which was installed during construction. It was radiocarbon dated to 3502-3350 BC. The other logboat measured 5.2m in length and 0.76m in width. Both have been left in situ. FER [Not in SMR] Fry 2000, 50.

Plate 61: Ross dagger (Not in SMR) (after Sheridan and Northover 1993, 62) ROSSBEG: BATTLE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 9; IG 171; H 0200 6000+ This findspot has not been precisely located, but had been referred to as Ballymagarland. There is no townland of that name, but the location given is in Rossbeg townland. The Quartz/Porphyry battle axe head has been attributed to the Late or Bann Series (early Bronze Age) by Derek Simpson. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A13.836]. FER [Not in SMR] Simpson 1990, 34, No. 35; Williams and Gormley 2002, 32.

ROSSLEA: STONE AXE HEADS (6) 80m OD; CS 35; IG 247; H 5350 3250+ Six stone axe heads were reported to have been found here. They were donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. 229

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND ANT [Not in SMR] Mahr 1930, 73-78.

the upper house, a layer containing a collection of small chips of human bone was unearthed. Within the upper house, sherds of coarse everted rim ware pottery were found. Also discovered, in the same context, were flint chips and a shallow hollow scraper. FER 153:023 Davies 1940, 122-126; Williams and Gormley 2002; 143.

ROSSLEA: BRONZE AXE HEAD 80m OD; CS 35; IG 247; H 5350 3250+ A decorated, flat bronze axe head, with an incised chevron motif, was found ‘near Rosslea’. It measured 22.8cm in length, 11cm in width at the cutting edge and 1.4cm in thickness. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 63.1959]. FER [Not in SMR] Lucas et al. 1961, 43-107.

SCRIBBY: WOODEN CAULDRON 80m OD; CS 36; IG 247; H 5500 3100+ A wooden cauldron was reported to have been found at Clogh, which is the name of a Parish. The probable location for this find is in Scribby townland. The vessel was globular in shape, which is thought to reflect that of early Iron Age iron cauldrons. It measured 51cm in diameter and 26.5cm in height. It is thought to have been made from a single block of wood, taken from a tree trunk, possibly alder, poplar or willow. Cylindrical lug handles have been carved horizontally at each side. A radiocarbon date of 663-363 cal. BC was obtained from the cauldron. The cauldron is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. FER [Not in SMR] Earwood 1989-1990, 37-44.

Figure 274: Rosslea Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Lucas et al. 1961, 84)

Figure 275: Scribby Wooden Cauldron (Not in SMR) (after Earwood 1989-1990, 42)

*ROSSMORE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 50m OD; CS 8; IG 171; H 0149 5863 This is a burial cairn on top of a small limestone knoll, overlooking Lower Lough Erne 70m to the south. It is designated Black Fort on all Ordnance Survey 6-inch maps and also the current Irish Grid map. This complete round cairn, which is composed of limestone boulders, is flattopped, 14m north-south, 13m east-west and stands 2.7m in height. At the north-east, a modern field boundary adjoins the cairn, which is overgrown with gorse bushes. ApSimon (1969) reported that sherds of an Irish Bowl had been found at an excavation of a cairn at Kiltierney, Castle Archdale by Flanagan (unpublished). As there is no known cairn at Kiltierney and the grid reference given (H 1758) is in Rossachrin townland, Rossmore cairn is likely to be the site involved. FER 171:016 OS Revision Name Book, 1834; ApSimon 1969, 60.

SHANCO: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 90m OD; CS 23; IG 212; H 3372 4458 During the landscaping of a glacial sand-and-gravel hillock, a bulldozer smashed a polygonal cist, disturbed an inhumation and broke an accompanying Irish bowl food vessel. The burial was that of a child, although neither sex nor cause of death was determined, due to the fragmentary nature of the bones. Most of the combimpressed tripartite Irish bowl food vessel was recovered. It has been restored and is now held at Fermanagh County Museum in Enniskillen. FER 212:105 Williams and Brothwell 1987; Williams and Gormley 2002, 143. SHANCO: FLINT AXE HEAD 120m OD; CS 23; IG 212; H 3290 4390 A flint axe head was reported to have been found here during building work. It was found in the rubble of a demolished stable, suggesting that it had been built into one of the walls. The axe head measured 13cm in length, 4cm in width and was polished at the cutting edge. It was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast. FER [Not in SMR] Davidson 1950, 42.

ROUND ISLAND: ASSEMBLAGE 40m OD; CS 4; IG 153; H 0880 6190 This small island, measuring 50m north/south and 40m east/west, lies off the southern shore of Boa Island. It was excavated, in an attempt to provide further information on the carved stone figures on Boa Island and Lusty More Island. Two rectangular house foundations were found, although the lower one proved to be modern. West of 230

INVENTORY SHEEHINNY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 190m OD; CS 33; IG 245; H 2733 3014 A burial cairn, on the summit of Knockninny Hill, commands a splendid view over the surrounding countryside. A number of depressions, which appear on the surface of the cairn, may be the result of explorations during the nineteenth century, which failed to find urns or cists. According to Wakeman, ‘two ornamented urns containing burnt bone’ were found, when a ditch was constructed, along the southern side of the cairn. The location of these urns is currently unknown. FER 245:020 Plunkett 1875-1877, 465-466; Wakeman 1879-1882, 335339; Chart 1940, 175 No. 1.

have been cut across this field. Throughout the topsoil of the entire field, there is a large amount of burnt clay, which is bright red or greyish pink. Burnt mound material is visible in section and also thrown up on the ground surface, at three locations within the field. This particular layer of burnt mound material, which is also apparent in section in the west bank of this drain, is 2m to the south-east of the second layer. It consists of burnt, sandstone pieces and black material, underneath a covering of topsoil. In the opposing section of the drain, many large pieces of iron slag and glassy material are visible, under topsoil. Underneath the slag and glassy material is a layer of burnt, sandstone pieces, measuring 2m in length and 0.2m in thickness. Three small pieces of waste flint (0.5cm or smaller) were found in the drain, within which the second and third layers of burnt mound material were identified. FER 191:125

SHEEHINNY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 125m OD; CS 33; IG 245; H 2724 3002 A natural cave, located in a limestone exposure, on the south-western facing slope of Knockninny Hill, is approached from the south-west. It curves around through the rock for a distance of 15.5m, varying in height from 1.2m to 3m, until it re-opens on the west. It was known locally as the Fox Cave and was excavated in 1875 by Thomas Plunkett, who found five separate layers. Both human and animal remains occurred in layers two, three and four, while a hearth and two flint picks were found in layer five. Fragments of a cooking vessel, similar to those found on crannogs, were found in layer three. An Encrusted Urn, containing the cremated bones of a man and woman, was found inverted on a flagstone, in a wall-niche within the cave. Nearby were fragments of a smaller vessel, which was identified by Plunkett as a food vessel. The urns are now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1876.9 & 1876.10]. FER 245:032 Plunkett 1875-1877, 465-483; Chart 1940, 179; Coleman 1947, 76; Waddell 1990, 89.

TATTENAMONA: BRONZE HOARD 77m OD; CS 23; IG 212; H 3588 4242 Three bronze spearheads were discovered in a turf bank in 1951. They belong to the looped variety, which are common to Ireland and are neatly graded in size, measuring 6.8, 5.8 and 3.6 inches (2.7cm, 2.3cm and 1.4cm) in length respectively. They are in almost perfect condition, suggesting that they were either lost or deposited on the edge of the bog, soon after they were made. After discovery, they were purchased and formed part of a display within Carrickfergus Castle, but have now been transferred to the Ulster Museum in Belfast. FER 212:150 Evans and Mitchell 1954, 57-61; Waddell 1998, 180.

Figure 276: Sheehinny Urn (FER 245:032) (after Plunkett 1875-1877, 474)

Plate 277: Tattenamona Spearheads (FER 212:150) (after Waddell 1998, 180)

STRATORE: FLINTS 62m OD; CS 15; IG 191; H 1150 5118 This burnt mound site is located in forestry land, just north of the townland boundary. Deep, wide drains

TONYGLASKAN: ASSEMBLAGE 140m OD; CS 17; IG 194; H 3819 5262 This site lies at the base of the eastern side of Brougher Mountain. Three cists were disturbed, during topsoil 231

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND removal, in advance of mining activity in 2000. Fragments of human bone were found in Cist A, along with sherds of a highly decorated bi-partite bowl and a fragment of a possible perforated stone object. Cist B, which was located immediately to the west of Cist A, was contained in a sub-circular pit, with a diameter of 2m and depth of 63cm. This pit had been cut into the subsoil. Within the cist, was the well-preserved burial of a child, whose gender remains uncertain. The child was aged between five and seven years old. The child had been buried lying on its left side, in a crouched position and apparently clutching a flint flake to its chest. No other finds were associated with Cist B. Cist C was the most northern of the three burials. The burial within Cist C was of an adult male, aged between twenty-five and thirty-five years. The head had been laid at the southern end of the grave. The burial was extended, in the supine position. Sherds of a highly decorated bowl were recovered around the upper part of the body on the left side, suggesting that the vessel had been placed beside the head on that side. The human remains from all three burials have been radiocarbon dated to the Early Bronze Age. FER 194:040 Hurl and Murphy 2004, 19-41.

behind Fort Lodge in Enniskillen. This stone head was found 6.2m below ground surface, close to a site marked Chapel Well on the 1857 OS six-inch map. It measured 50cm in height, 21cm in depth and 15m in thickness and was made from hard sandstone. It had a long, narrow face, disproportionately long neck, deep round holes for eyes and the wide slit mouth held three teeth, which are now destroyed. It is of uncertain date, but may be preChristian. It is now held at Fermanagh County Museum in Enniskillen. FER 211:070 Rogers 1967, 396; Hickey 1985. TONYSTICK: AMBER BEADS 45m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2470 4411 This site is a few metres from the Enniskillen municipal boundary, located on the shore of Killynure Lough, about 36m from the Enniskillen to Tempo Road. It was discovered in 1994, during a planned search. Another burnt mound was discovered, about 46m to the southeast (FER 211:089 Tonysytick), but was not excavated. When it was noticed that the site was being landfilled, for a housing development in April 1994, an emergency partial excavation was undertaken. The intact burnt mound appeared as a slight rise on the land. It was crescent-shaped in plan, measuring approximately 8m in length and 7m in width. It stood about 0.2m in height. The concavity of the plan opened out towards the lake. The excavation began by targeting the concavity. Excavation revealed a deposit of burnt mound material, under a cover of soil about 0.2m in thickness. The burnt mound material consisted of burnt, shattered, sandstone pieces, in a black matrix, rich in charcoal. Below the soil cover, on top of the burnt mound deposit, two amber beads were recovered. At the base of the mound, a grid of wooden beams was uncovered. FER 211:088 TONYSTICK: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 31m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2365 4429 An archaeological evaluation was carried out on three areas, which had been proposed for development, around Mount Lourdes School. In Area 1, west of the convent graveyard and close to the river, several severely truncated features were found. Area 1 contained hazelnut shells, along with a spread of charcoal-rich soil, heat damaged stone and small fragments of Bronze Age Pottery. Area 2 lay east of the graveyard. It uncovered nothing of archaeological provenance. Area 3 was close to the summit of Fort Hill and had been previously developed as tennis courts, which would have destroyed or concealed any archaeology in the area. Nothing of archaeological significance was found here [ADS, 2000]. FER 211:118 Halpin 2000.

Figure 278: Tonyglaskan Bowls (FER 140:040) (after Hurl and Murphy 2004, 26)

*TULLY: ASSEMBLAGE 70m OD; CS 10; IG 172; H 1257 5615 A previously unrecorded court tomb was discovered in 1970, during agricultural work. It was excavated by Waterman in 1976. Burial within the gallery was

TONYSTICK: STONE SCULPTURE 31m OD; CS 22; IG 211; H 2405 4435 This was discovered in the late 1960s, when foundations were being dug for Agnew’s Garage, which is located 232

INVENTORY NOTE – The following entries are for artefacts which do not have a precise location, but are simply provenanced to County Fermanagh. They have been numbered here for ease of identification.

by cremation, the skeletal remains being largely confined to the inner chamber. The artefacts from the gallery consisted of a handful of sherds of Western Neolithic pottery, the burnt fragments of a bifacial flint implement and a large stone bead. Two flint hollowscrapers and a small bronze axe were recovered from the collapsed stonework, on the eastern side of the cairn. A considerable amount of chert, including a few finished implements, occurred in the topsoil at the southern end. On completion of the excavation, the site was buried in soil and graded to a gentle slope so that there are now no visible remains. The finds are now held at Fermanagh County Museum in Enniskillen. FER 172:023 Waterman 1978, 3-14; Williams and Gormley 2002, 143145.

1.UNKNOWN [FER]: FLINT ARROWHEADS (4) NPL Two leaf-shaped flint arrowheads were recorded as being found in Lough Erne, within the area of Rosfad or Gublusk Bay. They have been attributed to the Neolithic period. They are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM RS1973.6 & 7]. Two further leaf-shaped arrowheads were also found in County Fermanagh and donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A327, 328.1968]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 87. 2.UNKNOWN [FER]: FLINT ARROWHEADS (3) NPL Two flint arrowheads were recorded as being found in County Fermanagh. They have been attributed to the Neolithic period and are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A36, A326.1968]. Another flint arrowhead was recorded as being found in County Fermanagh. It has been attributed to the Bronze Age or Neolithic period. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1941.416]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 40.

TULLYCALLRICK: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 100m OD; CS 5/6; IG 154; H 2100 6220 ‘On Tullycallrick may be seen a splendid fort (FER 154:051), adjoining which, about 40 years ago, a human skeleton and earthen vessel were discovered together in a cist formed of sandstone flags.’ (Wakeman, 18791882) The cist site has not been located and no further information could be recovered. FER 154:081 Wakeman 1879-1882, 543. WHEATHILL: WRIST BRACER & BRONZE SWORD 62m OD; CS 26; IG 228; H 1419 3574 The landowner produced a fine example of a Bronze Age wrist bracer from his gun cabinet, where it is now kept. He picked it up, while gathering stones from his ploughed field in 1990. The bracer measured 9cm in length and 2.3cm in width. The holes for attaching it are placed very close to each end. The stone itself is very smooth. Nearby, the owner also pointed out the area, where a bronze sword was found during hedge removals, when he was a little boy. The sword was eventually thrown out, as it gradually disintegrated. FER 228:097

3.UNKNOWN [FER]: FLINT ARROWHEADS (2) NPL Two lozenge-shaped flint arrowheads were recorded as being found in County Fermanagh. They have been attributed to the Neolithic period. They are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A32, 330.1968]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 41. 4.UNKNOWN [FER]: FLINT ARROWHEADS (2) NPL Two barbed and tanged flint arrowheads were recorded as being found in County Fermanagh. They have been attributed to the early Bronze Age. They are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A70, 71.1968]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 41. 5.UNKNOWN [FER]: CHERT ARROWHEAD NPL This barbed and tanged chert arrowhead was recorded as being found in County Fermanagh. It has been attributed to the early Bronze Age. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM RS1973.18]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 41.

Plate 62: Wheathill Bracer (FER 228:097)

6.UNKNOWN [FER]: FLINT FLAKE NPL; CS 16; IG 173; NPL This was a flint flake, which was recorded as being found in Lough Erne, within the area of Rossfad or Gublusk Bay. It has been attributed to the Neolithic or Bronze Age. It 233

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM RS1973.8]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 87.

FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 87. 13.UNKNOWN [FER]: STONE AXE HEADS (3) NPL These three polished stone axe heads, which have been attributed to the Neolithic period, were recorded as being found in County Fermanagh. They are now held at the Fermanagh County Museum in Enniskillen [FCM 1978_234-236]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 40.

7.UNKNOWN [FER]: FLINT FLAKE NPL This Bann flake, which has been attributed to the Mesolithic period, was recorded as being found in County Fermanagh. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1951.3]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 39.

14.UNKNOWN [FER]: STONE BATTLE AXE HEAD NPL This stone battle axe head has been recorded as being found in Lough Erne. It has been attributed to the Late Series of the early Bronze Age by Derek Simpson. It is currently held at the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh [RMS A11]. FER [Not in SMR] Simpson 1990, 33; Williams and Gormley 2002, 41.

8.UNKNOWN [FER]: FLINT AXE HEAD NPL This polished flint axe head, which has been attributed to the Neolithic period, was recorded as being found in County Fermanagh. It is now held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [AM 1927.4557]. FER [Not in SMR] Jope and Preston 1953, 34, Sheridan et al. 1992, 411; Williams and Gormley 2002, 39.

15.UNKNOWN [FER]: STONE BATTLE AXE HEAD NPL This stone battle axe head was recovered from Lough Erne and has been attributed to the Early Series of the early Bronze Age by Derek Simpson. It was initially held at the Geological Museum in London, but is now held at the British Museum, which is also in London [Unregistered]. FER [Not in SMR] Simpson 1990, 37; Williams and Gormley 2002, 41.

9.UNKNOWN [FER]: STONE AXE HEADS (24) NPL This collection of twenty-four polished stone axe heads, which have been attributed to the Neolithic period, was recorded as being found in County Fermanagh. The collection is held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1911.89-112 & 1913.4-5]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 39.

16.UNKNOWN [FER]: BRONZE AXE HEAD NPL This bronze axe head has been recorded as being found in County Fermanagh. It has been attributed to the Bronze Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI R1863.1685]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 42.

10.UNKNOWN [FER]: STONE AXE HEADS (2) NPL These two polished stone axe heads, which have been attributed to the Neolithic period, were recorded as being found in County Fermanagh. They are now held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [AM 1927.4558]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 39.

17.UNKNOWN [FER]: BRONZE AXE HEADS (5) NPL Five flat bronze axe heads have been recorded as being found in County Fermanagh. They have been attributed to the early Bronze Age. Two are currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI R1863.1684 & NMI 1881.147]. One is currently held at the British Museum in London [BM 63, 1-22, 19]. One is currently held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [AM 1927.2767]. The current location of the fifth is unknown. FER [Not in SMR] Hugo 1856, 153; Day Catalogue 1913, 24; Megaw and Hardy 1938, 303; Harbison 1969b, Nos 1697 & 1698; Williams and Gormley 2002, 42 & 43.

11.UNKNOWN [FER]: STONE AXE HEADS (3) NPL A polished stone axe head was recorded as being found in Lough Erne. It has been attributed to the Neolithic period. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A13.817]. Two further polished stone axe heads were recorded as being found in County Fermanagh and are also held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A3851 & A12.854]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 40 & 87. 12.UNKNOWN [FER]: STONE AXE HEAD NPL; CS 16; IG 173; NPL This was a polished stone (dolerite) axe head, which was recorded as being found in Lough Erne, within the area of Rosfad or Gublusk Bay. It has been attributed to the Neolithic period. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM RS1973.3].

18.UNKNOWN [FER]: BRONZE AXE HEADS (3) NPL Three flanged, bronze axe heads have been recorded as being found in County Fermanagh. They have been attributed to the middle Bronze Age. They are currently 234

INVENTORY held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1913.12, NMI 1881.147 & NMI P396]. FER [Not in SMR] Ramsey 1989, Nos 30 & 498; Williams and Gormley 2002, 42.

Trump 1962, 99; Burgess and Gerloff 1981, No. 109; Ramsey 1989, No. 108; MacAlister 1949, 156; Williams and Gormley 2002, 88. 24.UNKNOWN [FER]: BRONZE SWORD NPL A bronze sword was reported to have been found in Lough Erne. It has been attributed to the Ballintober Type. It is held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [RSAI/155]. FER [Not in SMR] Hodges 1952, 29-56.

19.UNKNOWN [FER]: BRONZE AXE HEADS (2) NPL Two bronze palstave axe heads have been recorded as being found in County Fermanagh. They have been attributed to the middle Bronze Age. They are currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1913.11 & R1863:1686]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 44.

25.UNKNOWN [FER]: BRONZE HOARDS (2) NPL A bronze hoard was reported to have been found at Garden Hill. It consisted of a hammer, a cauldron ring and staple and a solid ring. It is reported to be part of a larger hoard. A further hoard, comprising two bronze spearheads and an axe head, has been recorded as being found in County Fermanagh and attributed to the late Bronze Age. It is currently held at the British Museum in London [BM 1847.6.30.1]. FER [Not in SMR] Hodges 1957, 51-63; Williams and Gormley 2002, 44.

20.UNKNOWN [FER]: BRONZE AXE HEADS (7) NPL Three socketed, bronze axe heads have been recorded as being found in County Fermanagh. They have been attributed to the late Bronze Age. They are currently in private ownership. Three further socketed, bronze axe heads have been recorded as being found in County Fermanagh. They are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM: RS: 1998:13, A: 112:1958 & A: 113:1958]. One further socketed bronze axe head is currently held at Fermanagh County Museum in Enniskillen [FCM 1978:116: L]. FER [Not in SMR] Eogan 2000, 93, 163 & 186; Williams and Gormley 2002, 43-44.

26.UNKNOWN [FER]: BRONZE SPEARHEAD NPL This bronze, basal-looped spearhead has been recorded as being found in County Fermanagh. It has been attributed to the middle Bronze Age and is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A1.1978]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 44.

21.UNKNOWN [FER]: BRONZE AXE HEADS (4) NPL Four socketed, bronze axe heads, one of which is looped, have been recorded as being found in Lough Erne. They have been attributed to the late Bronze Age. They are currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI:1898.36, R:1685 & 1913.10] and also the Chadwick Museum in Bolton in England. FER [Not in SMR] Day Catalogue 1913, 34; Eogan 2000, 69, 158 & 180; Williams and Gormley 2002, 43 & 44.

27.UNKNOWN [FER]: BRONZE SPEARHEAD NPL This bronze, side-looped spearhead has been recorded as being found in County Fermanagh. It has been attributed to the middle Bronze Age. It is currently held at the British Museum in London [BM 1858 5-4.1]. FER [Not in SMR] Ramsey 1989, No. 398; Williams and Gormley 2002, 44. 28.UNKNOWN [FER]: BRONZE SPEARHEAD NPL This bronze, protected-loop spearhead has been recorded as being found in County Fermanagh. It has been attributed to the middle Bronze Age. It is currently held at the British Museum in London [BM: OA.121]. FER [Not in SMR] Ramsey 1989, No. 777; Williams and Gormley 2002, 44.

22.UNKNOWN [FER]: BRONZE DIRK NPL This bronze dirk was reported to have been recovered from Lough Erne. It has been attributed to the middle Bronze Age and is currently held in a private collection. FER [Not in SMR] Burgess and Gerloff 1981, No. 935; Ramsey 1989, No. 446; Williams and Gormley 2002, 88.

29.UNKNOWN [FER]: SADDLE QUERN NPL This stone saddle quern has been recorded as being found in County Fermanagh. It has been attributed to the Neolithic or Bronze Age. It is currently held at the Fermanagh County Museum in Enniskillen [FCM:1978:2061]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 41.

23.UNKNOWN [FER]: BRONZE RAPIERS (2) NPL Two bronze rapiers were reported to have been recovered from Lough Erne and attributed to the middle Bronze Age. One is now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. The other is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A486.1937]. FER [Not in SMR] 235

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND 30.UNKNOWN [FER]: BEEHIVE QUERNS (4) NPL This decorated stone beehive quern was recorded as being found in County Fermanagh. It has been attributed to the early Iron Age. It is currently held at Fermanagh County Museum in Enniskillen [FCM:1978.106]. The lower parts of three further beehive querns were also found in County Fermanagh. One measured 34cm in diameter and 14cm in thickness; another measured 32cm in length, 39cm in width and 7cm in thickness and the third quern measured 32cm in diameter and 11cm in thickness. They have been dated to the Iron Age and recorded as being part of the Drumkeen Collection. FER [Not in SMR] Caulfield 1977, 131-134; Williams and Gormley 2002, 44.

36.UNKNOWN [FER]: GLASS BEAD NPL This clear glass bead was recorded as being found in County Fermanagh. It is thought to be of Iron Age date. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI WK423]. FER [Not in SMR] William and Gormley 2002, 46. 37.UNKNOWN [FER]: GLASS BEAD NPL This cylindrical, grey glass bead was recorded as being found in County Fermanagh. It is thought to be of Iron Age date. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI: WK: 425]. FER [Not in SMR] William and Gormley 2002, 46.

31.UNKNOWN [FER]: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) NPL This Irish Bowl has been recorded as being found in County Fermanagh. It has been attributed to the early Bronze Age. Its location is currently unknown. FER [Not in SMR] Abercromby 1912, Vol. II, 123; ApSimon 1969, 60; Williams and Gormley 2002, 41.

38.UNKNOWN [FER]: GLASS BEADS (4) NPL Four spherical blue glass beads, two with white line decoration, was recorded as being found in County Fermanagh. They are thought to be of Iron Age date. They are currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI: WK: 424, 495, 496 & 498]. FER [Not in SMR] William and Gormley 2002, 46.

32.UNKNOWN [FER]: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) NPL This Food Vessel has been recorded as being found in County Fermanagh. It has been attributed to the early Bronze Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1880.66]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 42.

39.UNKNOWN [FER]: WOODEN SHAFT NPL This wooden shaft, presumably for a stone axe head, was recorded as being found near Rosslea in County Fermanagh. It has been attributed to the Neolithic period. It is currently held at the Monaghan County Museum in Ireland. FER [Not in SMR] D’Arcy 1914, 171; Williams and Gormley 2002, 40.

33.UNKNOWN [FER]: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) NPL Sherds of this Encrusted Urn have been recorded as being found in County Fermanagh. They have been attributed to the Bronze Age. The sherds are currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1880.67]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 42.

40.UNKNOWN [FER]: WOODEN SHAFT NPL This oak shaft, presumably for a stone axe head, was recorded as being found in County Fermanagh. It has been attributed to the Neolithic period. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM: RS: 1999:71]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 40.

34.UNKNOWN [FER]: CARNELIAN BEADS (2) NPL Two carnelian beads were recorded as being found in County Fermanagh. They are thought to be of Iron Age date. [Carnelian is a brownish-red mineral, commonly used as a semi-precious gemstone]. They are currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI WK422 & NMI WK499]. FER [Not in SMR] William and Gormley 2002, 45 & 46.

41.UNKNOWN [FER]: STONE AXE HEAD NPL This is a polished stone axe head, which has been attributed to the Neolithic period and reported to have been found at Lough Avilly. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A167.3.1913]. FER [Not in SMR] Williams and Gormley 2002, 86.

35.UNKNOWN [FER]: GLASS BEAD NPL This cylindrical, white glass bead was recorded as being found in County Fermanagh. It is thought to be of Iron Age date. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1881.497]. FER [Not in SMR] William and Gormley 2002, 45.

42.UNKNOWN [FER]: STONE AXE NPL; CS 27/28; IG 230; NPL This is one of only few complete stone axes, which have been found in Ireland. It is recorded as being found at Maguiresbridge, also known as Maguire’s Bridge. This is not a townland name, but is situated across several townlands. 236

INVENTORY FER [Not in SMR] Mallory and McNeill 1991, 46.

LDY [Not in SMR] Evans 1943, 106-107.

Figure 279: Unknown (FER) Axe (Not in SMR) (after Mallory & McNeill 1991, 46) Figure 281: Ashlamaduff Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Evans 1943, 107) AUGHLISH: POTTERY (UNCLASSIFIED) 246m OD; CS 30; IG 61/63; C 6500 0100 This site is described in the OS Memoirs as ‘many years ago a ‘Danish pot’ was found 3 spade deep beneath the surface of a bog in Aughlish…the pot was found in Cah….’ There is no tradition of this find locally. The ‘Cah’, which is mentioned in the Memoir, seems to be Caugh Hill. Located also in this area is a megalithic tomb (LDY 030:036) and at the southern end of Caugh Hill, there are also stone circles and stone alignments (LDY 030:021). LDY 030:063

COUNTY LONDONDERRY ALTINURE LOWER: WOODEN JAVELIN 150m OD; CS 29; IG 62; C 5950 0250+ This findspot may also be in Altinure Upper townland. Part of a wooden javelin was reported to have been found here, 0.8m below the ground surface of a bog. It was made of polished yew and measured 0.6m in length. The wooden blade had been partially scraped, after it had been found. LDY [Not in SMR] May 1945, 62.

BALLINREES: SILVER HOARD 30m OD; CS 11; IG 31; D 8750 2350+ While cleaning out a field drain on the property of Lady Emily Richardson in 1854, a labourer came across what

Figure 280: Altinure Lower Javelin (Not in SMR) (after May 1945, 62) ANNAGH AND MONEYSTERLIN: BRONZE HOARD 62m OD; CS 41; IG 77; H 8400 9300 This findspot is not precisely located. It was recorded in the OS Memoirs, as having been found during turf cutting in 1834 ‘12 ft [3.7m] under the surface, 12 brass spearheads and a quantity of brass rings’. These were reportedly sold to the Museum in Belfast, but their location is currently unknown. LDY [Not in SMR] Glover 1978, 102. ASHLAMADUFF: BRONZE AXE HEAD 246m OD; CS 25; IG 52; C 7700 1020+ A bronze palstave axe head was found in a bog, during turf cutting operations, at a depth of 1.5m below ground surface. The bog lies 6.5km to the south-east of Benbradagh, but the findspot has not been precisely located. The axe head is currently in private ownership.

Figure 282: Ballinrees Hoard (Not in SMR) (after Porter and Carruthers 1854, 182) 237

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND was described as ‘an urn containing 1,937 coins, together with 341 ounces of silver, in pieces of various sizes…there are also several battle-axes, marked with Roman characters’ (Coleraine Chronicle). Later investigations discounted the presence of an urn or battle-axes, but catalogued the find in great detail. Fragments of plate silver and part of a silver vessel were noted, one with the inscription EXOFPATRICII (from the manufacture of Patricius). The hoard was held in private ownership at that time. LDY [Not in SMR] Coleraine Chronicle April 1854; Porter and Carruthers 1854, 182-192.

flint scrapers and knives, as well as sherds of Neolithic pottery. The tomb was found to have been built on an occupation site, with evidence for hearths, pot sherds and hazel nuts. LDY 045:003 Evans 1939, 1-12; Evans Field Notebook VII, 33; OS Field Report No. 276; Chart 1940, 212. *BALLYBRIEST: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 246m OD; CS 45; IG 92; H 7642 8860 Due to the threat from a nearby quarry, this wedge tomb was completely excavated in 1997. The stones were removed and reconstructed at the An Creggan Centre. Excavation revealed that the capped portion of the tomb, or burial chamber, contained a substantial layer of charcoal and burnt bone. Within that layer, were found large numbers of sherds of Beaker pottery, from at least three pots. The remains of another small Beaker pot were found in the ante-chamber, close to the mouth of the burial chamber. LDY 045:004 Evans Field Notebook VII, 34; OS Field Report No. 277A; Hurl and Murphy 2001, 9-31.

BALLINTAGGART: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 31m OD; CS 11; IG 21; C 8600 2500 This monument is currently classified in the SMR as Urn Burials. The site is also referred to as an urn field. It was recorded in the OS Memoirs as ‘several earthen urns of bone and ashes under cairns of stones in a clay field in 1775.’ This was on the farm of J. Hemphill. There is now no local memory of this site. It cannot be located and was probably destroyed. LDY 011:045 Waddell 1990, 64. BALLYARNET: FLINTS 31m OD; CS 14A; IG 26; C 4491 2170 These flints were discovered on the edge of a re-cut drainage channel. They came from an isolated pocket, some 0.4m below the present surface of the peat. There were no other associated artefacts. The flints, which were attributed to the Neolithic period, included a small flint axe, an axe sharpening flake and debris, produced by extensive flint knapping. The area, to the west of the drainage ditch, had been heavily disturbed by machinery, but there was still slight evidence of some form of burning on the surface. LDY 14A:022

Plate 63: Ballybriest Pots (LDY 045:004)

BALLYARNET: ASSEMBLAGE 26m OD; CS 14A; IG 26; C 4514 2206 One house site and several sherds of Bronze Age pottery (a cordoned urn and a miniature vessel) were found at this site, north-east of Ballyarnet Lough. Other finds included various chipped stone tools, including two tanged projectile points, hammer stones and a perforated stone net-sinker or loom weight. Part of a faience bead was also recovered. There was also a good deal of burnt soil, stone and possible timbers. Nearby is a small mound, which looks artificial, but may be the remains of a crannog. The pottery and archaeological horizon may be part of a crannog platform, a trackway or a fulachta fiadh. It has been suggested that this may be a Bronze Age lakeside settlement (Ó Néill and Schulting 2002). LDY 14A:026 Excavations.ie, 2002; Ó Néill et al. 2007, 39-49.

BALLYBRITAIN: ASSEMBLAGE 60m OD; CS 11; IG 31; C 8500 2200 Over the years various finds were made in this bog, included a ‘skeleton with hair... on scalp’ and a ‘heathen image...long circular block of wood ... with four heads’ which decayed after being set up in the finder’s garden. Also found was a bronze flanged axe or palstave. LDY 011:029 Davies et al. 1940, 16. BALLYCALLAGHAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 123m OD; CS 28; IG 61; C 4841 0555 This site is marked on the third and fourth editions of the Ordnance Survey 6-inch maps as Urn found (AD 1905). No further details are available at present. LDY 028:001 BALLYCALLAGHAN: STONE AXE HEADS (2) 120m OD; CS 28; IG 61; C 4800 0550+ Two polished stone axe heads were reported to have been found here. One was black and measured 10.7cm in length, while the other was grey and 11cm in length.

***BALLYBRIEST: ASSEMBLAGE 246m OD; CS 45; IG 92; H 7617 8857 This is a dual court tomb and is also known as Carnanbane. The tomb was excavated in 1937, when it yielded several 238

INVENTORY Both were wedge-shaped and oval in section. They are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 71.1958]. LDY [Not in SMR] Flanagan et al. 1959, 43-55.

OS Field Report No. 197; May 1942, 81-97; Waddell 1990, 64. BALLYDULLAGHAN: ASSEMBLAGE 190m OD; CS 26; IG 52; C 8374 1097 This site was partially excavated by CAF in 2008 and again in 2010-2011, in advance of development. It revealed the presence of deposits and features of prehistoric date (Neolithic, but principally Beaker period), as well as re-use of the site in the post-medieval period. Finds included part of a porcellanite axe head, flints and Beaker pottery. The footprints of two post-built circular houses, with internal hearths, were identified. The artefacts would appear to suggest Bronze Age activity. A large ditch, measuring 3.5m in width, is present at the southeastern corner of the site and appears to truncate one of the possible prehistoric houses. The basal fill of the ditch was a layer of larger boulders, with some exceeding 1.5m in length and sitting directly upon the natural subsoil. LDY [Not in SMR] Sloan 2010; 2011.

BALLYCRUM: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 123m OD; CS 10; IG 30; C 7400 2200 This site is currently classified in the SMR as Urn Burials. It is recorded in the OS Memoirs as ‘a small green hill… local tradition says that at some former period there was a number of earthen crocks containing bones and ashes got at some depth under the surface of the above hill.’ The hill could not be located and the tradition of the urns no longer survives. Much of this townland is now covered by conifer plantations. LDY 010:038 BALLYDARROG: STONE AXE HEAD 215m OD; CS 16; IG 38; C 6410 1610 A partially-polished stone axe head, of dark grey igneous rock, was reported to be found here during forestry operations. It measured 20.7cm in length, 7.9cm in width and 4.9cm in thickness. It is currently held in private ownership. LDY [Not in SMR] Williams and Yates 1981-1982, 187-188.

BALLYGROLL: DECORATED STONES (3) 154m OD; CS 23; IG 37; C 5335 1384 Three decorated stones were found within the mound surrounding a court tomb, which is the most northerly site of the Ballygroll prehistoric complex. One orthostat at the south-east is all that remains of a facade leading to a roofless gallery, built of small schist slabs and facing east. A pair of jamb stones and an intervening sill divided this gallery into two chambers, the second of which is still covered by bog. Two slabs south-east of the gallery may be displaced roofing stones, one of which bears seventeen cup marks, measuring 5-6cm in diameter and 3-4cm in depth. Vestigal cairn material is visible to the north and south of chamber 1, but the extent and shape of the cairn is impossible to determine, as it is covered with blanket bog. Two further stones were found face-down in the mound. One had a single cup mark, measuring 9cm in diameter and 3cm in depth and the other had two cup marks (one of which was broken). One cup mark measured 6cm in diameter and 1.5cm deep and the second measured 8.4cm in diameter and 2.14cm in depth. LDY 023:006 Williams 1981-1982, 29-46.

BALLYDAWLEY: FLINTS 62m OD; CS 48; IG 124; H 8777 7969 This site appeared on aerial photographs, as several small, dark-toned crop marks. Those crop marks, which measured approximately 5m to 7m in diameter, were quite distinctive in a large field. The field has since been ploughed. Although no trace could be seen of the enclosures, there is evidence of much flint scattered around, which has been struck or worked. The flint dates to the Neolithic period. The crop marks may represent hut sites. LDY 048:041 BALLYDULLAGHAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 215m OD; CS 26; IG 52; C 8360 1122 This is also known as Cornaclery and is currently classified as a multiple cist cairn. On a natural knoll, in an area of upland bog, this site was excavated in 1939. Prior to excavation, it was described as being 60ft [18.5m], at its maximum diameter. The much depleted cairn was 6ft [1.85m] at its deepest. It has been disturbed and robbed out in the past. A kerb of stones had enclosed the cairn, but only the north-eastern quadrant was intact. The excavation revealed four to five cists. Cist A contained a food vessel, while Cist B contained an inhumation burial and food vessel. Six feet [1.85m] north of the centre of Cist B was the cremated bones of a child. Cist D contained cremated bones and a food vessel. Cist E produced cremated bones and broken pottery. None of the cists are now visible. The whole area is covered with heather and gorse and the cairn is visible only as clumps of stone. Two Irish Bowls from the site are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 2270-1.1942]. LDY 026:056

**BALLYGROLL: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 92m OD; CS 23; IG 37; C 5330 1370 This wedge tomb is part of the Ballygroll prehistoric complex of megalithic tombs, cairns and field walls. This site can be seen as a structure of small schist slabs, partly exposed from the bog, but the cairn outline is obscured. It is clearly a wedge tomb, facing almost due west. The gallery comprises three orthostats on the northern side, five at the southern and is covered by a capstone. May noted the finding of a pottery vessel under the capstone. Outer walling can be traced on both sides of the grave, with five orthostats at the north and four at the south. LDY 023:037

239

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND Davies 1939, 2-14; Chart 1940, 198-199; Herring and May 1940, 253-259; Davies 1948, 48-53; OS Field Report No. 165.

localised rise, with its base surrounded by a stone wall and the slopes planted with mature oaks. The southern slope is strewn with boulders, some of which may mark the blocked entrance to a passage, which was noted in a 1981 report. A water tank has been dug into the summit, where apparently a bronze object, possibly a spear head, was found during the work. The bronze find, the passage and the local name ‘the moat’ for the site all suggest an antiquity. LDY 047:017

BALLYHACKET LISAWILLING: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 92m OD; CS 6; IG 12; C 7400 3200 This is also in the townland of Ballyhacket Toberclaw. This site is recorded in the OS Memoirs as ‘In 1830 an ancient pot was discovered 3ft [0.9m] below the surface on the mearing between Ballyhacket Tuberclare and Ballyhacket Lisawilling.’ The site of this find cannot now be located. LDY 006:047

BALLYMULDERG BEG: STONE AXE HEAD 60m OD; CS 47; IG 93; H 9050 8650+ A polished metadolerite stone axe head was found in the bed of a stream here and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 564.1960]. It measured 7.4cm in length, 5.3cm in width and 2.1cm in thickness. LDY [Not in SMR] Prendergast and Lucas 1962, 139-173.

BALLYMACILCURR: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 32; IG 65; C 8600 0200 This site is described in the OS Memoirs as ‘holding of William Fleming, there was discovered beneath the surface at some former period an ancient earthen urn containing a quantity of calcined bones and ashes. The urn crumbled down shortly after being removed…’ There is now no local knowledge of this site. The Fleming house is located on a north-north-west/south-south-east ridge of ground, but this land is now occupied by the Martin family. LDY 032:045

BALLYMULDERG MORE: BROOCH AND RING 70m OD; CS 47; IG 93; H 9100 8700 This site is described in the OS Memoirs as found while ‘labouring a fort…a circular vault 2ft [0.6m] in depth and diam. Covered by 5 flat stones…the vault contained a quantity of black earth…also a large quantity of timber cinders and ashes…bright pins and a large brooch attached to a ring. The brooch and ring are supposed to be gold’. The Memoirs state that this ‘circular vault’ was found by Edward Larkin, while labouring a ‘fort’, possibly LDY 047:011(rath). There is no local knowledge of this site and it is not shown on any editions of the Ordnance Survey 6-inch maps. LDY 047:048

BALLYMACPEAKE LOWER: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 30m OD; CS 37; IG 65/66; C 9300 0200 This site is recorded in the OS Memoirs as ‘The late John McCahy…in raising [razing] an ancient stone building… about 1780, got in its interior 2 earthen urns containing bones and ashes and a fowl’s feathers…The urns were carved on the surface, but they mouldered down on getting the air.’ There is no local knowledge of this site and its location remains unknown. The site location is not shown on any editions of the OS 6-inch maps. LDY 037:060

BALLYMULDERG MORE: STONE AXE HEADS (2) 61m OD; CS 47; IG 93; H 9172 8739 Two polished metadolerite stone axe heads were found at a rath here (LDY 047:010). They were donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI: 565 & 566:1960]. One measured 7.4cm in length, 5.3cm in width and 2.1cm in thickness, while the other measured 5.7cm in length, 3.6cm in width and 1.7cm in thickness. LDY [Not in SMR] Prendergast and Lucas 1962, 139-173.

BALLYMACPEAKE UPPER: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 46m OD; CS 37; IG 78; H 9300 9800 This site is described in the OS Memoirs as ‘James Keenan, in demolishing an ancient carn of stones…got beneath its ruins an ancient urn containing a quantity of calcined bones and ashes. It was deposited in a circular stone building and covered on the mouth with a flat stone.’ The approximate area of this find has been located. It is in McKenna’s town and is close to a bog. Local tradition states that gold was also found. LDY 037:045

*BALLYMULLY: STONE AXE HEADS 62m OD; CS 46; IG 109; H 8472 8436 This is also known as Giant’s Grave. This site consists mainly of a confused pile of stones, with some large ones – some suggestive of lintels, but few are in situ. Ó Nualláin originally classified this as a wedge tomb, but on a second visit, he revised it to unclassifiable. The owner has found several polished stone axes in the field, while ploughing over the years. LDY 046:008

BALLYMONEY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 215m OD; CS 24; IG 50; C 6184 1059 This megalithic tomb site is described in the OS Memoirs as an oval-shaped mound, measuring 24m in length and 21m in width, with burial urns. At the western end of the complex, there is no trace of a round mound, under which an urn was found in 1832. LDY 024:029

BALLYMULLY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 60m OD; CS 46; IG 108/109; H 8470 8420 This site is described in the OS Memoirs as 40 yards [36m] from another megalithic tomb (LDY 046:008) ‘a large stone, 4’9” [1.3m] long, 3’6” [1.1m] broad and 5ft [1.5m]

*BALLYMULDERG BEG: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 62m OD; CS 47; IG 93; H 9092 8690 This is also known as The Moat. The site is visible as a 240

INVENTORY deep, supported on four small ones averaging 2ft [0.6m] high…underneath…an urn contained bones and ashes. It has been subsequently destroyed.’ There is no exact location for this site, which was located on the land of Mr Stanley Simpson. There are no visible remains of this site and Mr Simpson has no knowledge of it. He has polished stone axes, which came from the fields surrounding a wedge tomb (Ballymully LDY 046:008). Those stone axes were given to a museum. LDY 046:042

width. The bank is best preserved at the south, where it measures 5m in width, 0.8m in height internally and stands 3m above the ditch, which measured 5m in width and 0.3m in depth. A gap in the bank, measuring 2.5m in width at the south-east, may be the original entrance. From the south-west, through west to northeast, the bank and ditch are slight but still traceable. The enclosure is built on an east-facing slope and the interior reflects this slope. A large rise close to the centre may be an archaeological feature. There are numerous flint scatters, in the vicinity of this enclosure and also within the field surrounding it. LDY 14A:004 Davies and Swann 1939, 178-208.

BALLYNACALLY BEG: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 11; IG 30; C 8300 3100 This site, which includes a cist burial, was recorded in the OS Memoirs as ‘Found in 1805 in a little cairn of stones a square pit 16” [0.4m] every way, made of 6 square flags, each 2’6”thick [0.8m]…Inside…a crock full of burnt and charred bones.’ There is now no local knowledge of this site and it has not been located. LDY 011:033 BALLYNACALLY BEG: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 110m OD; CS 11; IG 20; C 8189 2223 A large oval feature, filled with charcoal-rich, darkbrown, silty clay was noted, during the monitoring of the North-West Gas Pipeline, approximately 10m from the southern limit of the working width. A single sherd of late Bronze Age pottery was recovered from the surface fill of one large pit and a second sherd from another pit. A single, large pit lay immediately outside the southeastern door of the house. A group of thirteen large pits and a gully lay some 10m to the south of the house. A possible ring-ditch lay 4m to the east of the house. Sherds of Bronze Age pottery were recovered from two pits, a gully and a post hole. LDY [Not in SMR] Bennett 2007, 73.

Plate 64: Ballynagard Enclosure (LDY 14A:004) BALLYNAGARD: ASSEMBLAGE 62m OD; CS 14A; IG 27; C 4572 2238 A large quantity of artefacts was recovered, while fieldwalking a ploughed field here. There were also areas of dark archaeological soils, with areas of burning and burnt soil. There were flint and quartz artefacts and at least one hammer stone. One area contained a small flint core and some flint debitage. Also found at the site were sherds of Western Neolithic pottery, a large fragment of a porcellenite axe, axe head roughouts and a flint plano-convex knife. As some finds occurred at the field boundaries, it is probable that the remains continued outside the limits of this field. LDY 14A:030 Excavations.ie 2006.

BALLYNAGALLIAGH: FLINTS 52m OD; CS 14; IG 8; C 4300 2150 The monitoring of this site, in advance of proposed development, revealed features of possible prehistoric date. Among these features identified were three pits, with evidence of burning and a more elaborate hearth, with a stone surround. There were also two substantial charcoalrich pits, one of which was enveloped by the remains of a possible lightweight structure. A radiocarbon date of 21002040 BC was obtained from one of these pits. A number of clusters of pits, some intercutting, were observed elsewhere on the site. All are of possible prehistoric date. One isolated scatter of possible worked flints was also found. LDY [Not in SMR]

BALLYNAHONE BEG: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 45m OD; CS 36; IG 77/78; H 8400 9700 This site is described in the OS Memoirs as ‘2 crocks full of human bones were discovered in 1823 on the verge of a flow bog … on the farm of George Martin, none preserved’. There is a considerable area of bog still intact within this area. There was no local knowledge of the above finds. LDY 036:038

BALLYNAGARD: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 14A; IG 27; C 4675 2179 This site is an enclosure, which is located on the western bank of the Foyle estuary, on the edge of a natural escarpment, standing 3m above the high water mark. This scarp defines the site on its eastern side. Elsewhere, an earthen bank and outer ditch form the site perimeter, enclosing an area measuring 70m in length and 54m in

BALLYNAMORE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 154m OD; CS 23; IG 37; C 5133 1262 An urn was found here in 1872. The land has been improved and falls away to the north and west. There are good views to the west and north-west LDY 023:008 241

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND BALLYNASHALLOG: STONE AXE & FLINTS 15m OD; CS 14; IG 26; C 4583 2048 A mudstone axe, which probably dates to the Mesolithic and also some struck flints, which appear to be Neolithic in date, were found here, just above the low water line c.25m from Saint George’s Quay. LDY 014:070

BALLYNEASE-MACPEAKE: FLINTS 22m OD; CS 37; IG 66; C 9805 0165 This site, also referred to as Culbane, is thought to be the site referred to by the photographer R.J.Welch, but it has not been precisely located. A flint end scraper was found here and donated to the Armagh County Museum. It measured 5.7cm in length and 4.7cm in width. Mesolithic and Neolithic flints were located here, during fieldwalking in 2003. While a number of tools were recovered, the finds were predominantly the by-products of tool manufacture. This lead to the conclusion, that the site was possibly used as a base camp, where hunting expeditions may have carried the tools off site, for use elsewhere. LDY [Not in SMR] Woodman 1978, 228; Weatherup 1978, 28; McAllister 2008, 1-13.

*BALLYNASHALLOG: ASSEMBLAGE 41m OD; CS 14A; IG 26; C 4610 2136 This site is also referred to as Thornhill and Thornhill College. Numerous flints, both worked and also some debitage, have been found in this area during fieldwalking over the course of several years. Other flint and porcellanite fragments have been found nearby (see also trackway LDY 14A:020 (Shantallow) and also lithic scatter LDY 14A:022 (Ballyarnet). The site was excavated in 2000, when a series of Neolithic houses, located within a palisaded enclosure, were uncovered. At least seven separate lines of concentric palisades bounded an area, which contained five or more structures. The wealth of remains found on the site seemed to represent a lengthy period of activity. The artefacts recovered included stone and flint axe fragments, quartz, flint and stone tools, rock crystal and saddle querns, along with much evidence for quartz working. The flint tools were predominantly finished items. The pottery assemblage mainly consisted of undecorated carinated bowls, suggesting an early Neolithic date for the site [P.Logue, 2000]. LDY 14A:023

Plate 65: Ballynashallog Settlement Cluster (LDY 14A:023)

Figure 283: Ballynease-Macpeake Flints (Not in SMR) (after McAllister 2008, 4)

BALLYNEASE-MACPEAKE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINT ARROWHEADS 31m OD; CS 37; IG 66; C 9600 0100 This site is described in the OS Memoirs as a fort on William Docherty’s land and that while working he found ‘4ft [1.23m] under the surface an ancient earthen crock containing a quantity of calcined bones and ashes’. The urn and bones disintegrated, when removed from the ground. He also found ‘about 5 quarts of flint arrowheads’ under a fairy thorn tree on his land. LDY 037:055

BALLYNEASE-MACPEAKE: STONE CLUB 31m OD; CS 37; IG 66; C 9600 0100+ A stone club was reported to have been found at Culbane. It is distinguishable from other elongated stone artefacts, such as ard points, in that it has a clear hand holding area. Clubs from this area are also known as Bann Clubs. LDY [Not in SMR] Simpson 1993, 31-43.

242

INVENTORY BALLYNEASE-MACPEAKE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 20m OD; CS 37; IG 66; C 9700 0000 A Bronze Age vase urn was reported to have been found at Culbane and donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 773:1936]. LDY [Not in SMR] ApSimon 1969, 61. BALLYNIAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 100m OD; CS 32; IG 53; C 8700 0800 This site is described in the OS Memoirs as ‘Samuel Bolton…in raising an ancient stone column on his holding … in 1806, got at its base about 3ft [0.9m] under the surface and ancient crock containing bones and ashes. The crock mouldered down subsequent to its being removed.’ The Boltons still own land in this townland, including a derelict house, which has been in the family since at least 1836. However, they had no knowledge of this site. LDY 032:061

Figure 284: BallyneaseMacpeake Stone Club (Not in SMR) (after Simpson 1993, 38)

BALLYNIAN: HOARD 100m OD; CS 32; IG 53; C 8700 0800 This site is described in the OS Memoirs as ‘John O’Neill… in labouring a field…in 1829, got under the surface 3 pieces of ancient silver coin, some ancient crocks containing ashes, also a stone hatchet or thunderbolt as it is locally called. The crocks and coin mouldered down subsequent to their being found’. The site cannot now be located and there is no local tradition of this find. LDY 032:063

BALLYNEASE-MACPEAKE: ARD POINTS (5) 31m OD; CS 37; IG 66; C 9600 0100+ A group of ten elongated stone artefacts from the River Bann are held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. These are referred to as ‘clubs’, but five of them have been provenanced to Culbane (Ballynease McPeake townland) and are more likely to be ard points. LDY (Not in SMR) Simpson 1993, 31-43.

BALLYNIAN: HOARD 92m OD; CS 32; IG 53; C 8750 0770 This site is described in the OS Memoirs as ‘the ruins of a fort …circular…30yds [27.7m] in diameter…. While ploughing, the landowner…got 1 pipe or gullet 2ft [0.6m] broad by 1’7” [0.49m] high and seems to run through the site from one side to the other and a 2nd pipe…round about 1 half of the fort outside the parapet…also in the interior…a grave 6ft [1.85m] long containing …particles of coffin, also an earthen crock containing cinders or ashes, deposited in a a stone building, also several sharpening stones…beads, a coin and an iron battle axe of curious shape.’ LDY 032:064 *BALLYREAGH: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 3; IG 6; C 8436 3987 Activity by rabbits, at this cliff top location, to the north of Portstewart Golf Course, has brought a sizeable amount of worked flint to the surface. The flint appears to be Mesolithic in appearance and its presence may indicate an occupation site below the sand. MRL 006:001 BALLYRONAN BEG: COPPER AXE HEAD 18m OD; CS 47; IG 110; H 9475 8530 A copper flat axe head was found on the shore of Lough Neagh at Ballyronan. It is held on loan at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [DB/258]. It measured 13cm in length, 8cm in width and 1.5cm in thickness. LDY [Not in SMR] George 1948, 57.

Figure 285: Ballynease-Macpeake Ard Points (Not in SMR) (after Simpson 1993, 42)

243

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND any kind were revealed during monitoring. The only artefacts recovered were stray finds, all of which dated to the nineteenth century or later [NAC 2003]. LDY 002:007 ApSimon 1969, 59 & 63. BALLYWOOLEN: ASSEMBLAGE 15m OD; CS 3; IG 12; C 7800 3500 This site is also in Grange Beg townland. The findspot was reported to be one and a half miles [2.2km] northnorth-west of another lithic scatter (LDY 003:040, Grange More), known as Patella Beach. Flints, pottery and hammer stones were found. A food vessel was also found during the construction of the golf links. LDY 003:041 May and Batty 1948, 130-156.

Figure 286: Ballyronan Copper Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after George 1948, 57)

BALLYWOOLEN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & STONE BALL 10m OD; CS 3; IG 12; C 7950 3620 This urn was reported by Milligan, who obtained the urn from a man in Coleraine, who had said it was recovered ‘opposite the Bann mouth, on the Portstewart side of the river. It was found on Mr. Steen’s farm, at Dooley, Ballywilliam’. None of these locations correspond with the reported findspot and the site remains unlocated. The urn was described as ‘of large size, not ornamental, being quite plain, made of coarse material. There were bones in it when it was found and also a round ball of baked clay, with a hole through the centre of it. The ball is about three inches [7cm] in diameter.’ LDY [Not in SMR] Milligan 1889, 86-87.

BALLYSCULLION WEST: STONE AXE HEAD 20m OD; CS 37; IG 78/79; H 9700 9800+ A polished stone axe head was found in farm topsoil here. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 568.1960]. It measured 10.3cm in length, 4.1cm in width and 1.9cm in thickness. LDY [Not in SMR] Prendergast and Lucas 1962, 139-173. *BALLYWOOLEN: ASSEMBLAGE 15m OD; CS 2; IG 12; C 7817 3569 This site was found, during the removal of sand, from dunes on Castlerock Golf course in 1985. Neolithic and early Bronze Age flints and pottery were recovered from the disturbed sand and are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 1-11, 8, 15]. In response to a planning application, two trenches were mechanically excavated, under archaeological supervision, near this site. No features of archaeological significance were noted. A second evaluation was carried out to the west of the site, prior to remodelling of part of the golf course. Topsoil stripping of an area, which measured 330m in length and 200m in width, was carried out under archaeological supervision. The area was also surveyed with metal detectors. No archaeological features of

BALLYWOOLEN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 15m OD; CS 3; IG 12; C 7800 3550+ Three large sherds of an encrusted urn were reported to have been found here. Decoration was described as unusually elaborate and extensive, continuing for 10cm internally below the rim. The pottery is now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1934:5954: A-C]. LDY [Not in SMR] BEAGH SPIRITUAL: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 50m OD; CS 36; IG 65; H 8700 9900 This site is described in the OS Memoirs as being on the Patterson farm, ‘an ancient urn containing a quantity of ashes. It was covered on the mouth by a flat stone. The urn has subsequently crumbled down.’ The Pattersons still own the farm, but have no knowledge of this urn burial. LDY 036:042 BONNANABOIGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 40m OD; CS 24; IG 39; C 6700 1300 This site is described in the OS Memoirs as ‘the ruins of an ancient Altar, locally called the Pubbuail…This was an artificial mound, erected in the centre of a flat valley 50 perches [323m] W of the Roe Water. It was chiefly composed of clay…c.30ft [9.2m] in diameter and 4ft [1.2m] high…beneath the interior…4 well shaped graves of the ordinary sized, each containing a quantity of

Plate 66: Ballywoolen Habitation Site (LDY 002:007)

244

INVENTORY BRACKFIELD: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 77m OD; CS 23; IG 49; C 5109 1050 Excavations at Brackfield Bawn uncovered a Bronze Age urn, some flint flakes and two fragments of cremated bone. LDY 023:014 OS Field Report No. 170; Chart 1940, 200; Jope 1960, 97123; Brannon 1990, 8-14.

human bones and in the very centre an ancient earthen urn which contained a quantity of bones and ashes. The bones and urn and ashes were put into a deep grave made in the centre of the ruins.’ No local knowledge exists of this site. There is now a housing estate in the area, 50 perches [323m] west of the Roe Water and the cairn may have been destroyed by this. LDY 024:031 OS Memoir Bovevagh; Waddell 1990, 64.

BROAGH: STONE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 37; IG 66; H 9050 9550+ A porcellanite axe head, with square ground sides, was reported to have been found here. It is currently held at the British Museum in London [BM 43.12.26.96]. LDY [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-60.

*BOVIEL: ASSEMBLAGE 246m OD; CS 31; IG 51; C 7295 0779 This is Boviel wedge tomb, which is also known as Cloghagalla or Cloghnagalla. The gallery measures 4.6m in length. The ante-chamber measures 1.8m in length and 1.65m in width. The tomb was excavated in 1938, when the many finds included the cremated bones of an adult (possibly female), several flint flakes, scrapers, knives, a barbed-and-tanged arrowhead and a schist axe head. There were also several sherds of pottery, mostly of the late Neolithic period, with one Bronze Age sherd. LDY 031:003 Chart 1940, 206; Herring and May 1940, 41-55; OS Field Report No. 238.

BROCKAGHBOY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 185m OD; CS 26; IG 40/52; C 8000 1200 This site is described in the OS Memoirs as ‘holding of John McKannery…a round hill of gravelly soil…there was an earthen urn got beneath the surface of the hill. The urn was curiously carved…and was found deposited in a circular stone building and covered on the top by a flat stone…the above hill is called Krockcruimm.’ In the area marked Crockroe on the map, there are two small round hills. Gravel has been taken from both hills during recent years. There was no local knowledge of the find, nor any recognition of the surname McKannery. LDY 026:104

BRACKAGH: ASSEMBLAGE 240m OD; CS 40; IG 92; H 7502 8965 Excavations took place in 2007 and 2008 at the site of an unusual prehistoric burial monument. This consisted of two cists, both containing cremated bone, surrounded by a figure of eight-shaped stone arrangement and post holes. Finds included flint blades and scrapers, pottery sherds, including Western Neolithic and globular styles. A radiocarbon date of 2620-2485 cal. BC was obtained. LDY [Not in SMR] O’Regan 2009, 27-39.

BROIGHTER: GOLD HOARD 5m OD; CS 9; IG 18/19; C 6465 2576 Widely known as the Broighter Hoard, this hoard of beautifully worked gold objects was found by a farmer,

BRACKAGHLISLEA: FLINT AXE HEAD 246m OD; CS 41; IG 77; H 7910 9140 A partially-polished flint axe head was reported to be found here. It measured 12.9cm in length, 3.9cm in width and 1.9cm in thickness. It is currently held at St Columb’s Secondary School in Draperstown. LDY [Not in SMR] Williams and Yates 1981-1982, 188.

Figure 287: Brackaghlislea Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Williams and Yates 1981-1982, 188)

Figure 288: Broighter Hoard (LDY 009:008) (after Waddell 1998, 295)

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THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND CAMPSIE UPPER: ASSEMBLAGE 20m OD; CS 15A; IG 27; C 5040 2112 An excavation was carried out, on a site at Camspie Industrial estate, after potential features were uncovered, during topsoil stripping. These consisted of two clusters or concentrations of pits and possible post holes. Site 1 consisted of a series of pits and possible occupation material, suggesting the truncated remains of a habitation site. The artefacts, which were recovered, included a porcellanite axe head, struck flint and also pottery, dating to the Neolithic period. Site 2 consisted of a series of nine pits and stake holes, all of which are most likely prehistoric in date. LDY 15A:005

while ploughing in 1896. It contained a highly decorated, thick gold neck torc, a bowl, two necklaces made of twisted ropes of gold, two bar torcs and also an exquisite gold model of a boat, complete with benches, oars and mast. They were probably deposited after 100 BC. The hoard is now on display in the National Museum of Ireland, at Kildare Street, in Dublin. LDY 009:008 OS Field Report No. 40; Cochrane 1902, 211-224; Raftery 1983, 181-192; Waddell 1998, 295. CABRAGH: STONE CHISEL 80m OD; CS 37; IG 66; H 7100 6100+ A porcellanite chisel was reported to have been found here and is now held at the British Museum in London [BM 43.12.26.59]. LDY [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-60.

CAPPAGH BEG: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 46m OD; CS 3; IG 12; C 8295 3652 An archaeological excavation was carried out at Agherton Road, prior to development. Several features were uncovered, including the remains of two or three round houses. One may well be a small wooden henge monument, measuring 11m in diameter and formed of postholes, with an external ditch in sections. There was also a D-shaped enclosure, which was attached to a boundary ditch and a single cremation pit, with an associated hearth. Finds from the site consisted of a small collection of pottery and a number of flint fragments. Dating of the features will be assisted by radiocarbon dating of charcoal samples, but the site has provisionally been placed within the late Bronze Age (ACS, 2002). LDY 003:083

CAH: PAINTED PEBBLE 81m OD; CS 18; IG 41; C 8450 1790 Reference to this artefact was made in the May papers. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. It was reportedly found by turf cutters, about half a mile north of Garvagh, in approximately 1946. It was a water-rolled quartzite pebble, flat on one side and decorated with ‘some tarry preparation’ (Briggs 1976, 70). Similar pebbles are thought to be of Pictish origin and date from c.200-700 AD. LDY [Not in SMR] Briggs 1976, 70-71.

*CARRICK EAST: ASSEMBLAGE 92m OD; CS 17; IG 39; C 7044 1736 This is a central court tomb, which is also known as the Stone Circle. It has a central irregular oval court, with opposing single chambers. Finds included a large assemblage of Neolithic pottery and worked flints. The cremated human remains of one individual were also identified. LDY 017:010 Mullin and Davies 1938, 98-107; Chart 1940, 196; Evans Field Notebook VI, 16-17; OS Field Notes 46, No. 133. CASTLEROE: FLINTS & STONE AXE HEAD 15m OD; CS 7; IG 21; C 8550 3030 This site is described as being on a steep-sided hill, just south of The Cutts. In 1976 a small-scale rescue excavation was carried out here by Peter Woodman, in advance of a factory development. The remains of an occupation floor were discovered, along with occupation debris, two post holes and a pit. The artefacts recovered were similar to those found at Mountsandel (LDY 007:037), one kilometre across the River Bann to the north-west. A flint microlith and a flint borer were also found here in 1936. A porcellanite axe head was also found here and is now held in private ownership. LDY [Not in SMR] Batty 1938, 90-94; Jope et al. 1952; Woodman 1978, 227.

Figure 289: Cah painted pebble (Not in SMR) (after Briggs 1970, 71) 246

INVENTORY CAW: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) & SLAG 30m OD; CS 14; IG 27; C 4580 1840 On an area of land, which overlooked the River Foyle, a development of one hundred and sixty houses had been proposed. Following topsoil stripping, a Neolithic house was located. This stood close to the centre of the site, on a small spur of higher ground, which would have originally jutted into the tidal area of the bay. The structure, which was orientated north-west/south-east, measured 7.2m in length and 5m in width internally. A shallow circular pit, which contained a few sherds of pottery, was located in the approximate centre of the house. Another pit was located 0.8m north of the first pit. This pit contained no finds, but a thin layer of reddish burnt sand on the base indicated that it may have functioned as a hearth. A charcoal sample from the northern wall slot has been dated to 3905–3707 cal. BC. The small pottery assemblage of twenty-five sherds, recovered from the house, has been identified as Western Neolithic Ware, with a date range of c. 4650–3650 BC. In other parts of the site, isolated groups of pits and post holes, none of which formed part of a structure, were located extending in a westerly direction, across the high ground. Evidence, indicative of ironworking, was found in all these areas, with a large amount of slag being recovered. Some of this slag has the characteristics of having formed on a furnace base. The remains of two subsoil-cut bowl furnaces were excavated in Area 7. A charcoal sample from one of these furnaces has been dated to cal. AD 376–426, giving a late Iron Age date. LDY 014:066 OS Memoir Clondermot.

cist occupied a localised height, with ground falling to the north, west and south, close to the western end of a ridge, with good views along the Foyle Valley. LDY 022:035 CLARAGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 31m OD; CS 27; IG 41; C 9206 1289 This site is currently classified in the SMR as Urn Burials. On a large rounded hill, on which a housing estate has been built, these remains were found in 1962, during building works. Finds consisted of a large cinerary urn, which was broken into large pieces and a number of cremated bones. Two other urns were also found. With several charcoal depressions in gravel on the hill, this could indicate that this may have been a cemetery. The area has now been built over and it is unlikely that any archaeological features could have survived. LDY 027:013 Collins 1965, 73-77; Waddell 1990, 64.

*CLAGAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 123m OD; CS 29; IG 62; C 5823 0548 This is a portal tomb and flat cemetery, which has also been referred to as Altaghoney, Kilcattan or Cumber Upper. On a prominent hill, with extensive views to the west and north, three stones are described in the OS Memoirs as being overturned by treasure hunters. The OS Memoirs described nine cists, with urns, being found near the stones in 1810. Waddell (1990) records that three bowls are preserved from this area. They are currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI: R: 1770]. LDY 029:018 Chart 1940, 202; OS Field Report No. 206; ApSimon 1969, 60; Waddell 1990, 62.

Figure 290: Claragh Urn (LDY 027:013) (after Collins 1965, 72) CLAUDY: FLINT BLADE 92m OD; CS 29; IG 49; C 5444 0742 This site was discovered, during work in preparation for a proposed 30km dual carriageway, between Londonderry and Dungiven. Of one hundred and sixty-seven test pits, five contained potential archaeological features and a further six contained artefactual material. In the five pits, which contained potential archaeological remains, a linear ditch feature was identified; the possible wall slot of a circular house; a pit containing burnt bone; a burnt mound and a ditch, with a partially surviving outer bank. Of the six test pits, which contained artefactual material, one produced a single late Mesolithic blade, which had been knapped from a metamorphic rock. LDY [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2010.

CLAMDERNOW: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 15m OD; CS 22; IG 48; C 3972 1077 A small rectangular cist, which was covered by a large capstone, was discovered in a large field overlooking the River Foyle, when the ground was being prepared for potato planting in April 1994. The capstone was pulled into a vertical position and the cist was exposed. A number of sherds from a Bronze Age vessel were removed and placed inside a cardboard box, prior to inspection. The cist contained some soil, most of which probably fell in, when the capstone was removed. No bone or artefacts were recovered. The cist itself measured 85cm in length, 44cm in width and 53cm in depth. The covering capstone measured 1.67m in length, 1.29m in width and 21cm in thickness. The

CLAUDY: BRONZE KNIFE 90m OD; CS 29; IG 49; C 5500 0750+ A bronze knife was reported to have been found at ‘Cleedy (Clady?), Co. Derry’, but the location is more likely to be 247

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND Claudy. The knife was of the Dungiven Type and has been attributed to the late Bronze Age. It is currently held in a private collection. LDY [Not in SMR] Hodges 1956, 29-56.

was found in a field in 1918 and retained by the owner. It measured 13.6cm in length. It had a slender tapering body and a slightly tapering cutting edge. LDY [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1980, 22.

CLOGHAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 17; IG 29/39; C 7200 1700 This site was described in the OS Memoirs as ‘a druids’ altar…composed of large flagstones set on their ends and sides in the ground, forming the size and shapes of graves…covered on top with large flags…completely demolished and the stones taken from the premises.’ In 1827, a farmer, who was digging the site, found an urn containing bones and ashes, which crumbled when it was removed from the ground. There was no local knowledge of this site and it has not been located. LDY 017:057

COLERAINE: BRONZE SWORD 10m OD; CS 7; IG 13; C 8500 3200+ A leaf-shaped bronze sword, which measured 47.9cm in length, was found in the River Bann at Coleraine. This became part of the Fawcett Collection. It had a rounded sloping butt and the hilt had been repaired, using an additional layer of metal. In 1965 it was purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A200.1965]. LDY [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1967, 21-40. COLERAINE: HORSE TACK 10m OD; CS 7; IG 13; C 8500 3200+ A bronze Y-shaped pendant was reported to have been found at Coleraine. It was thought to form part of horse tack and dated to the early Iron Age, having been classified as Type II. It is currently held at Armagh County Museum [ACM 3-1947]. LDY [Not in SMR] Haworth 1971, 26-49.

CLOONEY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 15m OD; CS 6; IG 12; C 6939 3389 Monitoring was carried out, along the route of a proposed pipeline. The majority of the pipeline proved to be sterile of archaeological remains. However, a small potential prehistoric occupation site was identified, within the middle portion of this location. This took the form of a series of small stake-holed features, two post holes, two pits and a linear ditch, extending along the trench for a distance of 7m. A single small sherd of prehistoric pottery, of probable Bronze Age date, was recovered from the ground surface, which surrounded the stake holes. This, along with the flakes of struck flint, recovered from the two post holes, suggests that the archaeological remains represent a prehistoric habitation site. LDY [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2011.

COLERAINE: BRONZE AXE HEAD 10m OD; CS 7; IG 13; C 8500 3200 A bronze, decorated flat axe head was found here, ‘projecting from the water of the River Bann…at low tide’ (Collins 1960, 22). It had straight sides and low flanges and was attributed to Megaw and Hardy’s Type II classification. Decoration on both faces was in the form of long shallow grooves. LDY [Not in SMR] Collins 1960, 22-24.

CLOUGHFIN: BRONZE AXE HEAD 200m OD; CS 40; IG 175; H 7700 9100 This site is not precisely located. This‘trunnion’ axe head

Figure 292: Coleraine Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Collins 1960, 23) COLERAINE: STONE AXE HEADS (13) 10m OD; CS 7; IG 13; C 8500 3200 Twelve stone axe heads, nine of which were polished, were found here and donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast in 1961 [358-363.1961]. They ranged in length

Figure 291: Cloughfin axe head (Not in SMR) (after Flanagan 1980, 22) 248

INVENTORY from a maximum of 22cm to 7.9cm. A further stone axe head was found and also donated to the Ulster Museum in 1962 [229.1962]. LDY [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1963, 105-111; Flanagan 1964, 73-95.

donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI: 462, 468, 533. 1959]. Six flint knives were also found here [NMI 232-235, 238-239.1959]. LDY [Not in SMR] Lucas et al. 1961, 43-107; Weatherup 1978, 27.

COLERAINE: HAMMER STONES (2) 10m OD; CS 7; IG 13; C 8500 3200 Two hammer stones, which measured 10.4cm and 10cm in length, were found here. They were both abraded, on their circumference. They were donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [364-365:1961]. LDY [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1963, 105-111.

COOLAFINNY: BRONZE AXE HEAD 10m OD; CS 15; IG 27; C 5232 2067 This site is marked on the 3rd and 4th edition OS 6-inch maps as Celt found (A.D. 1896). An archaeological evaluation was carried out, along the route of proposed dualling of the A2 road to the City of Derry Airport, which included this findspot. Stripping revealed topsoil to a depth of 0.4m, which directly overlaid subsoil. No archaeological features or finds were uncovered [ADS, 2006]. LDY 015:010

COLERAINE: BRONZE SWORD 10m OD; CS 7; IG 13; C 8500 3200 A bronze sword was reported to have been found at Coleraine. It was classified as of the Ballintober Type. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI W/23]. LDY [Not in SMR] Hodges 1956, 29-56.

COOLAFINNY: ASSEMBLAGE 15m OD; CS 15; IG 27; C 5230 2060 This site was uncovered, during gas pipeline work. Features consisted of twelve curvilinear ditches and twenty pits. Two worked flints and a sherd of possible medieval pottery were recovered from fills in one of the ditches. Two indistinct spreads, at the eastern end of the field, proved on excavation to be three pits, one of which contained the butt end of a porcellanite axe. Eighteen sherds of Neolithic pottery were recovered from the fill of a truncated pit. Flints were recovered from the curvilinear ditch and from one of the pits. A further sub-circular pit and approximately one-third of a sub-rectangular structure or small enclosure were also uncovered. The excavated portion of the enclosure measured 9.4m in length, 0.6m in width and 0.2m in depth. There was a well-defined terminal, immediately under the spoil stack. A pivot stone was recovered, from the ditch fill, within the terminal. Pits and a trough, associated with a removed burnt mound, were also found. The trough measured 2.2m in length, 1.2m in width and 0.4m in depth. LDY [Not in SMR] Bennett 2007, 77-78.

COLERAINE: BRONZE AXE HEAD 10m OD; CS 7; IG 13; C 8500 3200 A bronze three-ribbed axe head was reported to have been found here. It was attributed to the late Bronze Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [1897/150]. LDY [Not in SMR] Hodges 1956, 29-56. COLERAINE: BATTLE AXE HEAD 10m OD; CS 7; IG 13; C 8500 3200 This stone battle axe head was recovered from the River Bann, close to Coleraine. It has been classified as being of the Late or Bann Series by Derek Simpson. It is currently held within the Sturge Collection at the British Museum in London [BM Unregistered]. LDY [Not in SMR] Simpson 1990, 35. COLERAINE: STONE AXE HEADS (2) & FLINT KNIFE 10m OD; CS 7; IG 13; C 8500 3200 Two polished stone axe heads were recovered from the River Bann, close to Coleraine, during dredging operations. They were donated to the Armagh County Museum. One measured 14.6cm in length, 6.3cm in width and 2.5cm in thickness and the other measured 8.5cm in length, 5cm in width and 1.9cm in thickness. A discoidal flint knife was also recovered. It measured 6.3cm in length and 4.1cm in width, tapering to 0.9cm at its chipped end. LDY [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 31.

COOLKEERAGH: ASSEMBLAGE 62m OD; CS 14A; IG 26; C 4751 2117 An excavation was carried out on this site, prior to development. Two areas of archaeology were revealed. The earliest activity recorded on the site was a phase of pits and metalled surface or path, with associated Neolithic pottery. Sealing this were the ploughed out remains of two burnt mounds, along with a scatter of stake and post holes. No associated troughs were found. Worked flint and pottery sherds, of possible Bronze Age date, were recovered from the burnt mound deposits. To the south of the mounds, a small amount of iron slag and bloom were recovered from two undated pits. This indicated that iron working, both smelting and smithing, were taking place in the vicinity, although not actually on site. LDY 14A:033

COLERAINE: FLINTS 10m OD; CS 7; IG 13; C 8500 3200 Eleven Bann flakes were found during dredging operations. They were donated to Armagh County Museum. They ranged in length from 10.4cm to 5.7cm, in width from 4.7cm to 2.5cm and had a brown patina. Three tanged arrowheads were also found near here. They were 249

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND COOLKEERAGH: ASSEMBLAGE 20m OD; CS 14A; IG 27; C 4745 2117 This site was located at Haw Road, which lay within an archaeologically sensitive area, having a total of twentyone archaeological sites, within a 2km radius. One of these sites, LDY 014A:033 (Coolkeeragh) was located in a field, immediately adjacent to the proposed development site. Test trenches were excavated across the proposed development in 2010. In three of these, a number of deposits were found to be prehistoric, with probable evidence of settlement. Located in the south-west of the development, a curving slot feature was excavated. It is possible that this feature had been truncated by agricultural activity and the remains of the curving slot was all that survived. However, sherds of Bronze Age pottery were found, within the basal fill. A further two pits in the north-east of the development area were found to contain sherds of Neolithic pottery. Elsewhere, a series of pits, post holes and stake holes were uncovered. Whilst these features may have been evidence of a structure, this could not be proven. If a structure was present, it is likely that many of the features associated with it would have been destroyed by agricultural activity. Although no datable evidence was recovered, a flint projectile and a scraper were identified from two of the features. LDY [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2010.

showed evidence of rebuilding numerous times, giving a minimum of one hundred structures, on the seventysix building footprints. Radiocarbon dating gave a range of c.175 years for the settlement, with most of the dates overlapping between 1510-1410 BC. Thousands of pottery sherds and flint fragments were recovered, while other artefacts and environmental evidence were scarce. Due to the acidity of the soil, bones were almost completely lacking from the excavations. The vast majority of the Bronze Age pottery came from plain, bucket-shaped, domestic vessels. LDY 003:026 Excavations.ie, 2002. CRAIGADICK: STONE CHISEL 50m OD; CS 36; IG 65; C 8450 0050+ The lower part of a porcellanite chisel was reported to have been found here and is now held at the British Museum in London [BM 43.12.26.193]. LDY [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-60. CRAIGADICK: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 50m OD; CS 36; IG 65; C 8488 0041 This find is well documented and one source states ‘My father lived in Maghera …and his family owned a field known as Peggys Hill…Before the First World War, a man called James Mason worked for Peggy and…struck a large flat stone. He unearthed the stone find it covered as ‘vase’ or ‘jar’…which disconcerted him and without further ado he closed the opening and left it as before.’ A housing estate has been built on the area of this find. Although it is unlikely, it is possible that the cist may have survived and is located within one of the gardens. LDY 036:031

COOLYVENNY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 11; IG 21; C 8610 2580 Local people noted that the Gospel Hall, which was marked on the Ordnance Survey map, had once been a school house. Close to it was a gravel pit, which matched the description of the site in the OS Memoirs where in 1820 ‘…2 inverted crocks’ were found ‘as if to form a roof to keep out the water from the bones…packed within.’ According to Waddell (1990), there was a small brass ornament, which was the size of a crown piece, inside one of the urns. The landscape is a gently sloping hill, with extensive views south, west and north-west. There was no local knowledge of the site, which has probably been destroyed. LDY 011:043 OS Memoir Macosquin; Waddell 1990, 64.

CRAIGADICK: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 36; IG 65; C 8430 0030 This site is described in the OS Memoirs as on Silver Hill ‘2ft [0.6m] beneath the surface, an ancient grave c.5ft [1.5m] long, 2.5ft [0.77m] broad and 2ft [0.6m] deep… floored, enclosed and roofed by long flat stones. In it was deposited small earthen pans containing calcined bones and ashes…The grave was subsequently destroyed… Several graves of similar description have been found beneath the surface of the hill at different periods…all of which contained urns of bones.’ The current owners of Silver Hill have no knowledge of the above find. There are no visible traces of any cists, but this was possibly a cist cemetery. LDY 036:039 OS Memoir Maghera; Waddell 1990, 64.

CORRSTOWN: ASSEMBLAGE 15m OD; CS 3; IG 6; C 8609 3914 This site appeared on aerial photographs, in a heavily cultivated field, as a circular feature, slightly upstanding, consisting of a lighter ring inside a darker one and measuring c.26m in diameter. There were no visible remains of any antiquity on the ground. Excavations, which were carried out on the site of the cropmark and the surrounding field, in advance of development, uncovered the ploughed out remains of a rath and souterrain, as well as an extensive middle Bronze Age settlement. Seventysix Bronze Age round structures existed, within a densely clustered settlement pattern. The structures were often paired and many had smaller annexes. Two metalled roadways ran through the settlement, linked to the houses, by cobbled pathways. Several of the structures

CREEVAGH UPPER: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 150m OD; CS 14; IG 36; C 4006 1626 This cist burial was discovered in 1956. It contained a skeleton and a small pottery bowl. LDY 014:024 Derry Journal, 23 April 1956; Waddell 1990, 64.

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INVENTORY CROSSGARE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 46m OD; CS 11; IG 21; C 8455 2612 This site is currently classified as Cist and Urn Burials and Cremated Remains. The name of this hill, Knocknacart means hill of the standing stones, referring to two stones, (LDY 011:010 and LDY 011:011) now buried. The removal of gravel from the hill uncovered three cremation burials, two of which were accompanied by food vessels. One was in a cist and the other was disturbed, with no trace of a cist. The third was accompanied by a cordoned urn. The finds are currently held at Armagh County Museum. LDY 011:022 May 1944, 66-73; ApSimon 1969, 65; Waddell 1990, 64-65.

LDY 026:023 Davies 1939, 10 No. 33; Evans Field Notebook I, 10; OS Field Report No. 110; Chart 1940, 201; Yates 1985, 41-50; Burl 1995, 199. CUILBANE: FLINTS 180m OD; CS 26; IG 40; C 8300 1200+ One end scraper, a flint flake and a Bann flake were found here. They became part of the Fawcett Collection. In 1966 they were purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast. LDY [Not in SMR] Flanagan et al. 1968, 33-52. *CULNAGREW: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 92m OD; CS 32; IG 53; C 8671 0842 This site is currently classified as a Standing Stone and Urn Burials. On a hill, with excellent views all around, this stone is set in the highest part of the field. It is a very prominent landmark. The stone stands 2.4m in height, is blocky in shape, with sides measuring 0.8m, 0.9m, 0.81m and 1m wide. According to local informants, there was a second smaller stone nearby. There are various references in the OS Memoirs to this site, including an urn burial with human bones, which was found under the stone and ‘there is another reclined stone under which another urn of bones was found…in a fort of stones 43ft [13.2m] S of the large stone there is a stone grave…formed of flags…in which also an urn of bones was found.’ It seems that this hill was an area of intense prehistoric activity. LDY 032:008 OS Memoir Maghera; Waddell 1990, 65.

*CUILBANE: FLINT HOARD 185m OD; CS 26; IG 40; C 8304 1219 This site, a stone circle, is also known as Tamney Cromlech. This is on the lower southern end of a north-south ridge, in an area of upland bog, which has good views all around. This site was damaged in land reclamation in 1984, with most of the stones pulled out of their sockets. In 1985 restoration work was undertaken to replace as many of the stones as possible. The low stone circle, as it now survives, measures approximately 12.5m in diameter. There are a few gaps to the north and east, where stones are missing. The tallest stone is at east-north-east and stands 1.2m in height, 0.7m in width and 0.65m in depth. In the socket of one of the larger stones, a cache of sixtyfive flint flakes was found, including four leaf-shaped points, two end scrapers, thirty-one other scrapers, knives and twenty-three trimming flakes.

CULNAGREW: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 92m OD; CS 32; IG 53; C 8600 0800 This burial cairn, which contained a cist burial, is referred to in the OS Memoirs as ‘there was found in 1816 beneath a cairn of stones a grave 6ft [1.8m] long and 2ft [0.6m] wide, enclosed with flat stones and roofed with the same. It contained an earthen urn filled with black ashes.’ A second reference describes the destruction of the same site. There is now no local tradition of the site. LDY 032:046 CULNAGREW: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 92m OD; CS 32; IG 53; C 8600 0800 This site is described in the OS Memoirs as ‘In making a line of by-road in 1833, there was found c.3ft [0.9m] beneath the surface the skeleton of a human body and beside it a small Danish pot. The skeleton was again buried on the site where found, but the pot was corrupted by rust.’ There are now no local traditions or knowledge of this find. It was possibly a prehistoric burial. LDY 032:066 CUMBER: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 110m OD; CS 29; IG 49; C 5440 0690 This site was reported by Buick in 1891 and ‘was found several years ago at Cumber Clady in the county of Derry.’ The only other surviving details were of a description of a burial urn, but more often this is referred to as a bowl food vessel. The site has not been precisely located. ApSimon suggests the urn has been lost, but a pygmy cup

Figure 293: Cuilbane Flints (LDY 026:023) (after Yates 1985, 46)

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THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND DEER PARK: ASSEMBLAGE 31m OD; CS 9; IG 29; C 6750 2150 This site was discovered, during a proposed housing development, which surrounded the Gorteen House Hotel, on the southern outskirts of Limavady. A total of seventysix archaeological features were uncovered, during the site evaluation. The features included groups of post holes and stake holes, with some showing evidence of in situ burning. There were also three circular cremation pits, two partial curved structures and a linear feature, which measured at least 20m in length. This linear feature contained a body sherd of prehistoric pottery, which is possibly Bronze Age in date. The evidence collated from the test trenches suggests the presence of Bronze Age domestic and funerary practices on this site. LDY [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2009.

is held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 578:1924]. LDY [Not in SMR] Buick 1890-1891, 436-437; ApSimon 1969, 65; Waddell 1990, 65.

DERGANAGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 92m OD; CS 37; IG 66; H 8950 9740 Monitoring of groundworks, associated with the extension of Knockloughrim Quarry, was carried out in 2012. Several archaeological features were identified, including five cremations, forty-four pits, forty post holes and thirteen stake holes. Four of the cremations were located in simple pits, while the fifth was contained within an inverted urn. The pits, post and stake holes were scattered across the site and no structure, apart from a possible windbreak, was identified. Finds from the site included both prehistoric pottery and flint artefacts. LDY [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2012. DERNAGROSS: ASSEMBLAGE 30m OD; CS 18; IG 31; C 8691 2042 During the monitoring brief for the North-West Gas Pipeline, an oval feature, which was filled with a darkbrown sandy soil, was noted close to the middle of the field. Several more pits, post holes and an area of possible burnt mound material were uncovered. The pits were mainly concentrated in four clusters: a group of three at the north-eastern limit of excavation, two groups of five and ten at the centre of the excavated area and a fourth group of twelve at the south-western limit. A large quantity of late Bronze Age pottery was recovered from one of the large pits, in the south-west of the site. This probably represents the remains of a single vessel. Two fragments of polished stone axes were recovered from two other pits, within the central area. LDY [Not in SMR] Bennett 2007, 75.

Figure 294: Cumber Urn (Not in SMR) (after Buick 1890-1891) CURRYNIERIN: FLINTS 62m OD; CS 22; IG 48; C 4610 1398 Classified as Neolithic or Bronze Age, this site lies approximately 400m south of the River Faughan. It was discovered by a member of the local community, who had over a number of years, gathered together a large amount of flint, from ploughed fields to the rear of his property. Amongst the five hundred pieces of flint collected, upwards of one hundred and twenty artefacts were identified as prehistoric tools. These included a large number of scrapers, along with blades and a barbed and tanged arrowhead. The presence of flakes and cores would indicate that this may have been a flint working site and possibly a prehistoric settlement. The flints would suggest a date of primarily Neolithic or Bronze Age occupation. LDY 022:037

DERRYCHRIER: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 100m OD; CS 30; IG 51; C 6500 0700 This site is described in the OS Memoirs as ‘an earthen urn or crock of bones near an old foundation…he covered it up with earth as he found it.’ There is no local knowledge of this site, which has not been located. LDY 030:053

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INVENTORY DESERTMARTIN VILLAGE: BEEHIVE QUERN 50m OD; CS 41; IG 93; H 8500 9200+ This lower part of a beehive quern was found near Desertmartin. It measured 38cm in diameter and 14cm in thickness. It has been dated to the Iron Age. LDY [Not in SMR] Caulfield 1977, 131.

Figure 295: Drum Arrowhead (Not in SMR) (after Collins 1963, 41)

DISERT: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 135m OD; CS 40; IG 92; H 7600 9200 This site is recorded in the OS Memoirs as ‘on a sandhill… c.7ft [2.2m] beneath the surface there was found, in 1820, an ancient crock containing a quantity of calcined bones and ashes. The crock was beautifully carved on the surface. On being removed it fell to pieces.’ It is unlikely that it would be possible to locate this find. LDY 040:016

DRUMLAMPH: BRONZE KNIFE 40m OD; CS 37; IG 65/78; H 9200 9600+ A bronze knife, with a ribbed tang, was reported to have been found at Drumlamph. It was attributed to the late Bronze Age and is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [W.282]. LDY [Not in SMR] Hodges 1956, 29-56.

DOWNHILL: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 40m OD; CS 2; IG 12; C 7580 3600 Large fragments of a bipartite Irish Bowl were recovered in the fill of a nineteenth-century gas-holder, during excavations at the Bishop’s Palace, Downhill in 2010. There are no details of the original findspot for the bowl. However, it is presumed that it was part of Bishop Harvey’s collection, which had been involved in the fire of 1850 and subsequently lost. LDY [Not in SMR]

DRUMRAMER: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 185m OD; CS 10; IG 30; C 7200 2300 This site is recorded in the OS Memoirs as ‘In 1778 there were two earthen urns discovered in a sandy hill locally called the Needling Nowl…They contained bones and ashes; one of them was carved. They were enclosed in a stone building, the top of which was level with the ground.’ The site cannot now be located and there is no local tradition of urns being found here. Much of the townland is now planted with conifers and owned by the Forest Service. LDY 010:034 DRUMSTEEPLE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 15m OD; CS 12; IG 31; C 8800 2400 This site is recorded in the OS Memoirs as ‘Discovered in 1830, 3ft [0.9m] under the surface…an urn containing bones and ashes.’ There is now no local knowledge of the site, which cannot be precisely located and was probably destroyed. LDY 012:008

Plate 67: Downhill Irish Bowl (Not in SMR) Malachy Conway DRUM: FLINT ARROWHEAD 270m OD; CS 24; IG 38; C 6200 1300 A large flint barbed and tanged arrowhead was reported to have been found in a peat bog on Altahullion Hill, near Dungiven. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 352.1961]. LDY [Not in SMR] Collins 1963, 41-42.

DUNADY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 250m OD; CS 29; IG 61; C 5300 0200 This site is described in the OS Memoirs as ‘an urn of ashes was found within a sarcophagus of six stones.’ There was no local knowledge of this site, in the vicinity of the River Faughan. LDY 029:044 DUNADY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 107m OD; CS 29; IG 61; C 5459 0241 This site was uncovered at Longland Road Quarry in 2011. The first area to be excavated comprised three small pits, one of which contained a small broken sherd of Bronze Age pottery. The second area comprised two small pits 253

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND and one short linear ditch. No artefacts were recovered from this feature. Widening the topsoil stripping in this area revealed no evidence for further archaeological features. It is likely that these three features were the remains of a small temporary campsite. The pottery indicates that these features date from the Bronze Age. LDY [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2011.

London [BM 43.12.26.118]. LDY [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-60. DUNGLADY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 40m OD; CS 33; IG 65; C 8900 0400+ A large sherd from a cordoned urn, displaying some cord decoration, was reported to have been found here. It formed part of the Gracey Collection. The sherd is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 82.1954]. LDY [Not in SMR] Kavanagh 1975, 293-403.

DUNCRUN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 62m OD; CS 5; IG 11; C 6855 3180 Classified as Bronze Age in date, this site was discovered by Mr Canning, who had found a barbed-and-tanged arrowhead, while cultivating a field. An abundance of flint was found in scattered concentrations, at the northwestern end of the field. It is possible that the ridge is a local source of flint. Much of the flint found had been worked. A sherd of what appeared to be Bronze Age pottery was also found. LDY 005:011

DUNMORE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 123m OD; CS 10; IG 19/20; C 7400 2700 There does not appear to be any local knowledge of this site where, according to the OS Memoirs ‘four crocks full of bones and earth were discovered’ in 1834. From the description given of these pots, they would appear to be the remains of Bronze Age urn burials, possibly within a large barrow and hence the suggestion that this site was a fort. According to Waddell (1990), the fort was converted into a garden by John Fisher. The pots were reburied in the place, where they were found. The site cannot now be located. LDY 010:032 OS Memoir Limavady; Waddell 1990, 67.

DUNGIVEN: STONE AXE HEAD 90m OD; CS 25; IG 51; C 6900 0900+ A porcellanite axe head was reported to have been found here. It is now held at the British Museum in London [BM 43.12.26.69]. LDY [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-60.

DUNMORE: DECORATED STONE 215m OD; CS 6; IG 19/20; C 7460 2878 This site was located in a coarse reed and grass field, with a slight fall to the north. A cairn (LDY 006:008) is visible on higher ground to the north. The cup and ringed mark stone, recorded here by J. Marshall, could not be located. LDY 006:043

DUNGIVEN: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC & BRONZE AGE) 92m OD; CS 25; IG 51; C 6927 0916 Two areas of archaeology were noted, during the monitoring of this project. Area A contained two pits and a small spread. One of the pits was interpreted as a receptacle for hearth material, while the other contained several sherds of prehistoric pottery. One Bronze Age vase food vessel, two cordoned urns and a single late Bronze Age coarseware vessel were represented within the assemblage. The spread contained sherds of pottery, representative of a single, undecorated Neolithic carinated bowl. Area B contained two small hearths. Fragments of a Bronze Age vase food vessel and a cordoned urn were recovered from one of these hearths. A ‘jug-shaped food vessel’ was also reported found at Dungiven in 1873. LDY [Not in SMR] ApSimon 1969, 63; Excavations.ie, 2009.

DUNMORE: ASSEMBLAGE 215m OD; CS 6; IG 19/20; C 7569 2860 Monitored topsoil stripping was carried out here, prior to the development of a windfarm. Three areas of interest were uncovered. Area 2 was a complicated series of overlapping sites/features, with at least three phases. The earliest phase appears to be a domestic site, with a hearth and associated spread, with four stake holes, surrounding the hearth. This site was dated to the early Bronze Age (2200–1980 BC). Artefacts, associated with the hearth, included four pieces of flint and thirty-five sherds of pottery. The associated artefacts suggest more than just a single event occupation site, but no structure was associated with this phase. It is possible that further archaeological features remain on the site, to the west of the excavation. The second phase consisted of a small structure, measuring 3.1m in diameter, which dated to the early to middle Bronze Age (1880–1680 BC). At the centre of the structure was a fire pit, which may have been a hearth, but was later used as a cremation pit. Human remains were recovered from the central fire pit. The shape of the feature links this site to Area 3, which, instead of indicating domestic activities, may in fact be part of the funerary landscape. The third phase consisted of a third hearth, which contained nine sherds of pottery.

DUNGIVEN: BRONZE KNIFE 90m OD; CS 25; IG 51; C 6900 0900+ A bronze knife was reported to have been found here. It has given its name to a classification of such knives: the Dungiven Type. It has been attributed to the late Bronze Age. It is currently held at the British Museum in London. LDY [Not in SMR] Hodges 1956, 29-59. DUNGLADY: STONE AXE HEAD 40m OD; CS; 33; IG 65; C 8900 0400+ A broken porcellanite axe head was reported to have been found here. It is now held at the British Museum in 254

INVENTORY This hearth was possibly associated with an alignment of posts, which may have acted as a windbreak. LDY [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2013.

early type and with them hammer stones, a small anvil and a flint point’. Several sherds of Neolithic pottery and four glass beads were also found here and formed part of the W.A. Green Collection. In 1959 they were purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast. LDY 003:043 Flanagan 1960, 41-60; May and Batty 1948, 130-156.

EAST BALLYGELAGH: FLINTS 30m OD; CS 3; IG 5; C 8348 3938 This site was discovered at the location of a dwelling, during construction, along the shore road between Portstewart and Portrush. Scarping within the site had meant the removal of up to 1.5m of the original ground surface. A dark occupation layer, which contained struck flint, was visible on the face of the western section of the cutting. LDY 003:080

EAST CROSSREAGH: ASSEMBLAGE 15m OD; CS 3; IG 12; C 8208 3649 Two Bronze Age houses were uncovered here, during excavations. House 1, which measured 8.2m in length and 8m in width, was apsidal, with a curved north-eastern end. It was built, using construction slots, with plank built walls to the north and post holes to the south. It had an entrance, with a porch into the centre of the building. There was also a pit containing wheat and barley grains. House 2 was 15m to the south-east and was shaped as a figure-of-eight design, comprising two rooms. Room A was oval, measuring 9.2m in length and 7.6m in width, with a doorway into the smaller Room B, which measured 5m in diameter. Finds from both houses included a large amount of undiagnostic coarse pottery, numerous waste flint pieces and a hammer stone. Some Sandhills ware was found in the topsoil. Further topsoil stripping and excavation of foundation trenches for the two houses, just north of the Bronze Age site, were carried out under archaeological supervision. No archaeological finds or features were uncovered on the site. Monitoring of topsoil stripping for further phases of the housing development was carried out, in areas around the site of the Bronze Age houses, but no further archaeology was uncovered [NAC 2002; 2003] LDY 003:082 Dunlop 2010.

EAST CROSSREAGH: ASSEMBLAGE 15m OD; CS 3; IG 12; C 8082 3639 This is located in the sand dunes, east of the Bann estuary. It is one of a number of prehistoric settlement sites, which are located in the dunes, on either side of the estuary. In 1949, it was recorded, as two distinct bands of ash-rich material, exposed in the face of the dune. Flint, bronze and iron artefacts, stone tools, pottery sherds and both human and animal bones were all found here. The lower of the two layers contained mostly Bronze Age material, with some Neolithic material, while the upper layer contained Iron Age artefacts. There were also finds from the medieval period, which included a penny dating to 1290. This coin was found in 1986 within the same area. Over two thousand flint artefacts were recovered, along with quantities of debitage, suggesting that the tools were made here. LDY 003:001 May and Batty 1948, 130-156; EAST CROSSREAGH: ASSEMBLAGE 31m OD; CS 3; IG 12; C 8213 3656 In a grass field, with ground sloping down to the River Bann at the west-south-west and rising slightly to the north, this site occupies a localised rise, with excellent views over the coast. The remains consist of three large boulders in a line measuring 3.9m in total length and extending south-west/north-east unevenly. The site has been incorporated into a garden. During excavation in 1994, a highly-decorated rim-sherd of early Bronze Age pottery was found, also Lyles Hill ware (Western Neolithic) and a few sherds of Carrowkeel and Sandhills wares. At the south-western end of the site, several pits were uncovered. One contained cremated bone and charcoal, sealed by an inverted saddle quern and another contained pulverised bone and half of a crude mudstone mace head. LDY 003:002

ENAGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 25m OD; CS 14; IG 27; C 4660 2043 An archaeological evaluation, which was carried out at Otterbank Road, revealed several potential archaeological features. Many of these turned out to be modern, but excavation uncovered a series of features, which contained Bronze Age Pottery. These included a hearth surrounded by stake holes, which probably represented windbreaks. No evidence for more permanent structures was found. Pits, which were most likely used for firing pottery, were also uncovered. The sherds of pottery found were all of a thick, coarse, undecorated type, probably dating to late Bronze Age. A quantity of struck flint was also found, some from the topsoil but some also from the hearth and pit features. LDY 014:080 ENAGH: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) & FLINTS 33m OD; CS 14; IG 27; C 4624 2030 This site was exposed, prior to a housing development, 650m north-west of Lough Enagh West, on the western side of a high ridge, which overlooked the River Foyle. It was a Neolithic house of rectangular plan, measuring 6.2m in length and 4.3m in width. The wall foundations

EAST CROSSREAGH: ASSEMBLAGE 15m OD; CS 3; IG 12; C 8069 3633 This site is recorded as being located 92m south-west of a prehistoric settlement LDY 003:001 (East Crossreagh), ‘a bowl shaped depression in the dunes...an undisturbed fireplace that yielded pottery sherds of food vessels of an 255

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND FAUGHANVALE: STONE AXE HEAD 10m OD; CS 15; IG 28; C 5800 2200+ A broken porcellanite axe head was reported to have been found here. It is currently held at the British Museum in London [BM 43.12.26.65]. LDY [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-60.

were stone-packed slots, which appeared to contain post holes. At two corners, large stone-packed post holes were found. It can reasonably be presumed that similar post holes would have existed at the other corners. There was one small, internal post hole, located fairly close to the centre and this was likely to have been a roof support. There was no evidence of a hearth or an entrance, most probably because of disturbance, caused by deep ploughing over many years, which has truncated the archaeological features. Some Western Neolithic pottery was found in the construction slots and a flint knife was found in one of the external post holes. A large pit, 300m to the east, was found to contain Western Neolithic pottery and ash. The house was not totally excavated and the site was covered in gravel and plastic, as protection. LDY [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 1998; McSparron 2008.

FINCAIRN: STONE AXE HEAD 123m OD; CS 30; IG 156; C 6476 0457 This site is on a grassy knoll, from which the ground surface falls sharply down from north-west, through north-east to south-east, with good views all around. The Owenbeg River is nearby to the north. This findspot is featured on the fourth edition OS 6-inch map as Celt found (A.D.1900). The findspot is on a small, natural knoll. LDY 030:019 FINCAIRN: STONE AXE HEAD 185m OD; CS 30; IG 156; C 6479 0361 This site is on high upland ground, near the top of a north facing slope, with panoramic views, as well as mountains and hills in the distance. This findspot is featured on the fourth edition OS 6-inch map as Celt found (A.D.1900). The findspot is a small field with gorse and the remains of lazy beds. LDY 030:020

ENAGH: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC & BRONZE AGE) 10m OD; CS 14; IG 27; C 4676 1983 This site was exposed, prior to a housing development. It was located c.250m east of Lough Enagh West. It consisted of a number of post holes and pits cut into subsoil, along the route of a proposed road. There was also an area of charcoal and stone settings, a few metres to the south of these. Pottery, of probable Bronze Age date, was recovered from the pits and post holes and from hill wash material, deposited around the stone settings to the south. Three features were partially excavated in 1998, confirming the presence of at least one Neolithic house. Early Neolithic pottery sherds were found, along with flints. LDY [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 1998; McSparron 2003, 1-15.

FISH LOUGHAN: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 7; IG 21; C 8766 2895 This site is on an eminence, set above the eastern bank of the Bann and located south of a tributary stream. The 1954 OS map suggests that the site occupied a small D-shaped platform above the river, with ground rising to the east. The fortification must have commanded the ford, which led across the river to Camus townland. The site is now occupied by a large two storey house and its landscaped surroundings. There are no visible remains of the castle or the platform, upon which it stood. The site is described in the OS Memoirs as ‘the ruins of an ancient castle...’ All has been demolished except one corner. Topsoil stripping at Number 21, The Loughan, was carried out under archaeological supervision. No insitu archaeological remains were uncovered, nor was

Figure 296: Enagh Flints (Not in SMR) (after McSparron 2003, 7)

Plate 68: Fish Loughan Lithic Site (LDY 007:023) 256

INVENTORY there any evidence of agricultural practice. Four worked flint tools were recovered from the topsoil, including a butt-trimmed flake [ADS, July 05]. LDY 007:023 Chart 1940, 190; McNeill 1983, 101-128. FLANDERS: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 24; IG 51; C 6799 1136 This site is also known as Flanders Fort. It is in lowlying ground, in a field which is reclaimed bog, with panoramic views north-north-east/east/south-east. The site is marked on the 2nd edition OS 6-inch map as an undesignated mound, within boggy ground. There are now no visible remains of this site. Tall mature birch trees stand near the western corner of the field. There are also overgrown clumps of small stones, which are present only in this area. The fields to the west and south are overgrown bog and are higher than this field. According to the OS Memoirs, the site was dug up in 1825, when several urn burials were found. Underneath these was some paving and below this, a huge quantity of human bones, were found in a pit at a depth of 1.2m. The owner reburied the urns and bones on the site. LDY 024:018 OS Memoir Boveagh 1835; Waddell 1990, 65 and 67.

Figure 297: Garvagh Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Flanagan et al. 1968, 46) GLEBE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 31m OD; CS 3; IG 12; C 8200 3600 The site of this urn burial cannot now be precisely located. LDY 003:022 GLEBE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 42m OD; CS 3; IG 12; C 8223 3632 The archaeological mitigation for a sewer, on the outskirts of Portstewart, revealed that the proposed route would have taken it close to a monument, known as Cashlandoo (LDY 003:006), which is a possible raised rath. A large prehistoric ditch was located at the north-eastern terminal of the stripped corridor, where a pre-existing pumping station was sited. When excavated, the ditch was found to be fairly shallow, with a maximum depth of no more than 1.3m, while it was over 8m in width to the point, where it ran below the pumping station. Several sherds of pottery, all of which were badly rolled and very fragmentary, were recovered from the ditch. This pottery would appear to be early Bronze Age in date. An area of several archaeological deposits was uncovered, 20m west of the ditch. Although some struck flint was found from features in this area, none of it represented a finished tool and nothing datable was recovered. All of the artefacts recovered, point to a prehistoric date for the excavated archaeology, while the mound is recorded as being of possible early Christian date. LDY [Not in SMR] Bennett 2006, 82.

GALLANY: STONE AXE HEAD 123m OD; CS 30; IG 156; C 6494 0488 This site lies towards the base of a south-west facing slope, near the Owenbeg River. This findspot is featured on the fourth edition OS 6- inch map as Celt found [A.D.1897]. The surrounding land has been improved and the field boundary to the south-south-east has been removed. There is no local knowledge of this find. LDY 030:018 GARVAGH: STONE AXE HEADS (2) 120m OD; CS 18; IG 40; C 8300 1600+ Two porcellanite axe heads, one described as a ‘miniature axe’ were reported to have been found at Garvagh. The larger axe head is now held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [AM 1927. 4549] and the miniature axe head is held in private ownership. LDY [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-60. GARVAGH: BRONZE AXE HEAD 120m OD; CS 18; IG 40; C 8300 1600+ A bronze flanged axe head was found at Garvagh. It had some remaining cable patterning and a slight bar stopridge. It was purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A332.1966] and became part of the Buick Collection. LDY [Not in SMR] Flanagan et al. 1968, 33-52.

GLEBE: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 3; IG 12; C 8234 3644 Unauthorised and unmonitored stripping had removed both the topsoil and upper subsoil, at a site at Coleraine Road, Portstewart. Little was found upon re-stripping, except eleven pieces of flint, including three blades and two cores and nineteen sherds of post-medieval blackware. All were residual from the previous stripping. No other archaeological material was uncovered. The flint, though poor in quality, was probably Neolithic in date. LDY [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2005. 257

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND GLEBE: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 3; IG 12; C 8245 3630 Manual investigations, in advance of development at Turnberry Mews, at Glebe, in Portstewart, recovered a quantity of struck flint, which has been attributed to the later prehistoric period, with the Bronze Age as the preferred evaluation. No features were identified. It is probable that this was due to unsupervised stripping, which had overcut the site by some 0.4m. LDY [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2005.

LDY [Not in SMR] Woodman 1987, 228; Spaulding et al. 1999, 143-147. GLENVIGGAN: BULLROARER 215m OD; CS 44; IG 91; H 6918 8815 This site consists of one upright slab with another fallen slab, lying next to it. The upright measured 1.12m in length and 0.3m in thickness and reached a maximum height of 0.83m. Tight against the northern base of the upright is a low block, which seems to have been wedged in deliberately. It measured 0.7m in length, 0.4m in thickness and 0.22m in height. Approximately 0.35m south of the slab is a second block, which appears to have fallen southwards, its original position having been in line with the upright. This fallen stone measured 0.82m in length and 0.76m in width. There were insufficient remains to enable a clear interpretation of the site. The two slabs set lengthways may form part of an alignment or perhaps a larger structure, such as a megalithic tomb, although there is no other physical evidence to support this. Found nearby in 1963, during turf-cutting was a wooden (yew) object, 19cm in length, 5cm in width and 0.5cm in thickness. Evans suggested this was a bullroarer, used to make a noise for driving out illness and bad luck etc. and thought to date to around 110 BC. LDY 044:003 Evans 1975, 12-18.

GLENHALL: FLINT SCRAPER 20m OD; CS 11; IG 21; C 8750 2600+ A flint scraper was found here and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 816.1960]. LDY [Not in SMR] Prendergast and Lucas 1962, 139-173. GLENONE: FLINTS 19m OD; CS 33; IG 66; C 9710 0410 Flints, classified as Mesolithic, were found at this site, which has been described as a low ridge, extending north-east to the River Bann at a former fording point [LDY 033:033 & ANT 031:052]. A lot of later Mesolithic material has been picked up over the years, when the field has been ploughed. The area was fieldwalked in 1995, but nothing was found. LDY 033:032 GLENONE: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 33; IG 66; C 9757 0333 A scatter of late Mesolithic material, mostly flint, was found eroding from an exposed bank on the River Bann. The items consisted mostly of blades, core fragments and also debitage.

Figure 299: Glenviggan Bull-Roarer (LDY 044:003) (after Evans 1975, 16)

GORTCORBIES: ASSEMBLAGE 231m OD; CS 10; IG 19; C 7420 2530 Classified as late Mesolithic to early Bronze Age, this site is located on a hillock, at the eastern side of a ravine, with excellent views to the north. The site is composed of a central mound, which may have been excavated by McL May in the 1940s, as there is a trench visible. The mound measured 13m in diameter and on average, stood 1m in height above a surrounding berm, which measured 6.5m in width. On the edge of the berm, sits a low stony bank, which measured 0.2m in height internally and 0.5m in heigth externally. McL May’s excavation uncovered two paved hearths, with approximarely two hundred sherds

Figure 298:Glenone Finds (Not in SMR) (after Spaulding et al. 1999, 146) 258

INVENTORY of decorated Neolithic pottery and worked flint, which included end scrapers, hollow scrapers and knives. There were also some late Mesolithic Bann flake type flints and sherds of Beaker type pottery found at this site. Finds are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM L1:1949]. LDY 010:020 May 1950, 28-39.

were not disturbed by the trench. The urns are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. LDY 018:039 May and Collins 1959, 33-41; Waddell 1990, 68-69. GORTNAMOYAGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 185m OD; CS 18; IG 40; C 8012 1524 This is also known as Giant’s Grave. There are now no visible remains of this megalithic tomb. Its exact location is hard to pinpoint, as field boundaries have been removed. The field is under grass and there are no stones visible. It seems likely that the site has been destroyed. Its position is now marked by a patch of rough weeds and nettles. The site was described in the OS Memoirs as a series of long stones and graves, one of which was covered by a cairn. One grave, which was opened, contained an urn, which was filled with bones and ashes. LDY 018:023 OS Field Notes No. 139. GORTNAMOYAGH: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 236m OD; CS 17; IG 29; C 7730 1620 This socket-looped bronze spearhead was found in a bog, at a depth of 1.5m below the surface. It had a kiteshaped blade, with single raised ribs. It was retained by the finder. LDY [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1980, 21-27.

Figure 301: Gortnamoyagh Spearhead (Not in SMR) (after Flanagan 1980, 22)

Figure 300: Gortcorbies Flints (LDY 010:020) (after May 1950, 31) GORTENNY: POTTERY (UNCLASSIFIED) 38m OD; CS 15; IG 38; C 5240 1943 A series of circular huts, hearths and property boundaries were uncovered, in the course of a three-month excavation at this site. Very few artefacts were uncovered. Those finds, which were recovered, were mostly coarse pottery. The material looked to be late Neolithic/early Bronze Age. Radiocarbon dates are awaited. LDY [Not in SMR] Bennett 2003, 60. GORTFAD: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 111m OD; CS 18; IG 40; C 8247 1522 Burials were discovered in 1955, during trench cutting for a sewer. Two cordoned urns were found to be inverted over cremations. One contained a male and possibly one other person and the second contained a female. A recumbent stone, measuring 1.2m in length and 0.6m in width and which was located 4m from the burials, may have been connected with them. The area of the site is now grazing. There may be more burials here, which

GORTNAMOYAGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 200m OD; CS 17; IG 29; C 7700 1500 A collared urn was reported to have been found in Gortnamoyagh Forest within a gravel pit. When found, it was already broken. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 1967]. LDY [Not in SMR] ApSimon 1969, 64. 259

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND GRANAGHAN: STONE AXE HEAD 200m OD; CS 32; IG 53; C 8300 0600+ A porcellanite axe head was reported to have been found here. It is currently held at the British Museum in London [BM 43.12.26.163]. LDY [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-60.

from the higher reaches’. LDY 003:042 May and Batty 1948, 130-156. *GRANGE MORE: ASSEMBLAGE 5m OD; CS 3; IG 12; C 8040 3516 This site was discovered during fieldwork. Finds consisted of a quantity of struck flint and small fragments of prehistoric pottery, scattered about the exposed western face of a large eroding sand dune, approximately 3km east of Castlerock. One of the pottery fragments was a small, decorated rim sherd, suggesting the occupation site probably dates to the Neolithic period. Excavations, in nearby dunes by QUB in 2003, discovered several soil horizons amid the dunes, which produced worked flint, prehistoric pottery and burnt stone. An early Bronze Age stone setting was also uncovered. Sherds of ‘reliefdecorated urn’ were reported to have been found here in 1890 (ApSimon 1969, 61). LDY 003:079 ApSimon 1969, 61; Excavations.ie, 2003; Plunkett et al. 2004, 1-13.

GRANAGHAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 200m OD; CS 32; IG 53; C 8300 0600 This site is described in the OS Memoirs as on the Mooney holding, a cairn of stones under which was found ‘an ancient earthen urn containing a quantity of calcined bones and ashes…the urn decayed and subsequently crumbled to dust.’ The cairn was demolished and cannot now be located. LDY 032:072 GRANGE BEG: LOGBOAT 5m OD; CS 3; IG 12; C 8010 3550 This logboat is located below the level of summer low water, close to the northern bank of the River Articlave. The river is known locally as the Pottagh Burn, close to where it enters the Lower Bann River. Underwater measurements indicated a hull length of 7.55m and a beam of 57cm. The only discernible features were flattopped gunwhales 6cm-7cm wide, without provision for holding oars. It had a rounded stern and a more angular prow, with a slightly closed U-shaped section. A radiocarbon date of 756-395 BC was obtained. LDY [Not in SMR] Fry 2000, 81.

*GRANGE MORE: FLINTS (UNCLASSIFIED) & POTTERY 8m OD; CS 3; IG 12; C 8020 3510 The Grange More sand dune system is currently dated as the earliest in Ireland. Recent field survey has discovered a number of soil horizons in the sand, which have produced worked flint, prehistoric pottery and burnt stone. Excavation of one of the soil horizons was undertaken by CAF in 2003. They uncovered worked flint, prehistoric pottery and burnt stone. MRL 012:017 Plunkett et al. 2004, 1-13.

GRANGE MORE: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 3; IG 12; C 8076 3493 This findspot is on a long ridge, which may at one time have been an island or peninsula, on the Patella Beach. It stretched out from the base of the slope of a terrace, where some Mesolithic flints were found. No pottery came from this site, but flints were very numerous. The flints included Bann flakes, arrow tips, scrapers and many other rough worked implements. LDY 003:039 May and Batty 1948, 130-156.

GRANGE MORE: FLINTS 8m OD; CS 3; IG 12; C 8020 3500+ At Grange More sand hills, in Portstewart, two flint scrapers and also one flint barbed and tanged arrowhead were found. The scrapers were donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast in 1962. The arrowhead was purchased by the Museum. LDY [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1964, 73-95.

*GRANGE MORE: ASSEMBLAGE 15m OD; CS 3; IG 12; C 8074 3543 This site was reported, as one third of a mile north of another Mesolithic flint scatter (LDY 003:039 Grange More) ‘between the railway and the river...on a sandhill’. Pottery, bronze pins, beads and flints were discovered here. LDY 003:040 May and Batty 1948, 130-156.

GRANSHA: ASSEMBLAGE 15m OD; CS 13/14; IG 36; C 4607 1993 This site was uncovered, during development at Oakgrove Integrated College, on the eastern bank of the River Foyle. It was originally interpreted as a middle Bronze Age cist cemetery (Chapple 2010(a)), but was subsequently re-interpreted as ‘an enclosed domestic settlement containing two buildings of a type similar to other recently excavated middle-late Bronze Age houses’ (Ginn 2013, 34). Finds included Bronze Age pottery and flints. LDY [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2002; Chapple 2010(a); Ginn 2013, 34-36.

GRANGE MORE: LOGBOAT 15m OD; CS 3; IG 12; C 8155 3531 This site was recorded in 1949 as ‘part of a dug-out canoe still lies near the mouth of the Bann Brook on the boundary of Grangemore…Five such canoes are known to have been found on the esturine stretch of the river within memory of the present generation, and others 260

INVENTORY INTAKE: ASSEMBLAGE 5m OD; CS 42; IG 94; H 9810 9020 This site, which is also known as Creagh, is located on the shore line of Lough Neagh at Toome Bay. There are now no visible remains of flints, tools or any archaeological remains. There is an eroded cliff of material, standing c.1.5m in height and 12m in length and displaying various stratified deposits. A peat layer was noted, which had charcoal fragments. This stratified deposit was located very close to the water’s edge. The area was excavated in the 1950s and several Mesolithic tools, such as Bann flakes, were found, as well as some worked wood. A hoard of 164 flint flakes and a pebble were also found here in 1937. LDY 042:021 Parker 1938, 107.

was excavated in 1937 and finds included sherds of late Neolithic pottery, worked flints including scrapers, hollow scrapers, knives, a Bronze Age barbed-and-tanged arrowhead, which were located under the septal slab separating the two chambers, a leaf-shaped arrowhead and small fragments of human bones, scattered through the chambers. Fragments of Bell Beaker pottery were also found and donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast. The human bones represented at least two skeletons, one male and the other probably female. LDY 017:018 OS Field Report No. 137a; Herring and May 1937-1938, 3448 and 1940, 42-44; Chart 1940, 197; ApSimon 1969, 28-72; Ó Nualláin 1982, Vol. IV. KILLANE: ASSEMBLAGE 7m OD; CS 9; IG 29; C 6768 2425 This site was uncovered, during road works on a by-pass at Limavady, in 2002. It was located to the south west of the Killane Roundabout. It was a collection of pits and post holes of late Neolithic date. Although it was difficult to visualise any definite forms, it is likely that there was a light wooden structure. The structure may have been the first activity at the site. A number of later pits seem to have cut through this structure and are possibly storage pits. A large ovoid pit, with a sluice leading into it, may well have obliterated the southern portion of the structure. Finds from this site included a hollow scraper, a thumbnail scraper and a stone pestle and mortar. LDY [Not in SMR] McSparron 2002.

INTAKE: ASSEMBLAGE 18m OD; CS 38; IG 94; H 9895 9785 This site, which is also referred to as Newferry 1 and Newferry 2, is located close to the west bank of the River Bann. It was investigated by the third Harvard archaeological expedition to Ireland in 1934. A series of thirty hearths and pits was uncovered and found to contain Neolithic pottery, along with almost two hundred flint implements and several stone tools. Also found was a sandstone polisher for the final polishing of stone axe heads (Jope et al. 1952, 39). No evidence of structures was uncovered, leading the excavator to conclude that this was a seasonal camp site. LDY [Not in SMR] Movius 1936, 17-40; Jope et al. 1952, 39; Woodman 1978, 231-237. INTAKE: COLLECTION 18m OD; CS 38; IG 94; H 9770 9030 A large collection of flint artefacts from Creagh Bay, Lough Neagh, formed part of the R.C. Davidson Collection, which is now held at Armagh County Museum [120-148.61]. The collection includes flint flakes, knives, cores, blades and scrapers, dating from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. LDY [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1975, 5-24. KILCALTAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 100m OD; CS 23; IG 49; C 5100 0800 This urn burial was discovered in 1837, but the exact findspot cannot now be located. Three bowls are reported as found and are currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI R.1768]. LDY 023:056 ApSimon 1969, 60.

Plate 69: Killane Habitation Site (Not in SMR) (after McSparron 2002) KILLEAGUE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINT FLAKE 68m OD; CS 11; IG 30; C 8365 2448 This burial pit was discovered by a farmer, during ploughing. It was covered by two capstones, one measuring 0.81m in length, 0.42m in width and 0.18m in thickness. The other capstone was not recovered. The pit itself measured 1.5m east-west, 0.8m north-south and 0.7m in depth. It contained a cremation under a cordoned urn and a piece of flint flake. There was some charcoal in the fill, but not enough to provide dating evidence. LDY 011:021

*KILHOYLE: ASSEMBLAGE 185m OD; CS 17; IG 40; C 7525 1620 This wedge tomb consisted of a cairn, which measured 42ft [13m] in length and 30ft [9m] in width. It was orientated east-west, with a two-chambered gallery and a large capstone east of the cairn. The two chambers are separated by a septal stone and have a back stone. The site now sits in a crater, formed from quarry spoil, leaving it 4m below the surrounding quarry. The tomb 261

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND KILLYFADDY: STONE AXE HEAD 62m OD; CS 47; IG 47; H 9055 8837 A polished basaltic stone axe head was reported to have been found in topsoil at a rath here, which is probably the enclosure (LDY 047:013). It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 567.1960]. It measured 7.5cm in length, 4.3cm in width and 2cm in thickness. LDY [Not in SMR] Prendergast and Lucas 1962, 139-173. KILLYGREEN UPPER: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 110m OD; CS 4; IG 13; C 8830 3670 This site is recorded in the OS Memoirs as ‘the cave on a small hill called Killgreen Top was opened in 1832…in which was found three old crocks full of earth…a large flag covered the place where the crocks were deposited. The cave extends north and south 12ft [3.7m].’ Local enquiry suggests that this site was located in an eminence, in the north-western corner of the townland. The ‘large flag’ was rediscovered recently during farm work, but the farmer may have moved it or even broken it up. There are no visible remains of the site. LDY 004:013

KILREA: STONE BATTLE AXE HEAD 40m OD; CS 27; IG 53; C 9250 1250+ This battle axe head, which was made from basalt, was dredged from the River Bann at Kilrea. It is currently unclassified and remains in private ownership. LDY [Not in SMR] Hawkes 1937; Simpson 1990, 18.

KILLYGULLIB GLEBE: STONE AXE HEADS (2) 50m OD; CS 27; CS 53; C 9000 1000+ A porcellanite axe head and a broken axe head were reported to have been found here. They are currently held at the British Museum in London [BM 43.12.26.82 & 68]. LDY [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-60.

KILREA: STONE BATTLE AXE HEAD 40m OD; CS 27; IG 53; C 9250 1250+ This stone battle axe head was recovered from Kilrea. It has been classified as being of the Late or Bann Series by Derek Simpson. It is currently held at the British Museum in London [BM 1853: 11-23, 7]. LDY [Not in SMR] Simpson 1990, 35.

KILREA: FLINT ARROWHEAD 40m OD; CS 27; IG 53; C 9250 1250+ A flint barbed and tanged arrowhead was found here. It was included in the Fawcett Collection. In 1965 it was purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A116.1965]. LDY [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1967, 21-40.

KILREA: BRONZE CAULDRON 40m OD; CS 27; IG 53; C 9250 1250+ A bronze cauldron was reported to have been found at Ballyregan Bog, in Kilrea. It measured 33cm in height, with a maximum diameter of 53cm. It was held within the collections of the Belfast Public Art Gallery and the Ulster Museum in Belfast. LDY [Not in SMR] Armstrong 1924, 113.

Figure 302: Kilrea Battle Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Simpson 1990, 19)

KILREA: FLINTS 40m OD; CS 27; IG 53; C 9250 1250+ Three flint scrapers, which included a hollow scraper and also three flint flakes were found here. In 1962 they were donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast. Five flint microliths were also found here. LDY [Not in SMR] Batty 1938, 21-40; Flanagan 1964, 73-95.

KINCULBRACK: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 92m OD; CS 29; IG 50; C 5611 0647 This site is on a south-west-facing slope, falling down to the River Faughan, with excellent views east/south/west. There are no visible remains of the gravel ridge, in which this cist burial was found in 1927. It was reported at the time as ‘a small cist…rectangular and c.2ft [0.6m] broad by 3 [0.9m] long with its long axis running north-south. The capstone is of quartzite and is slightly displaced at present but its top can be seen level with the surface of the field…when first discovered the capstone was c.1ft [0.3m] under the surface…when opened a large urn was found filled with cremated bones…since then a food vessel was taken from the same ridge’ (May Archive). LDY 029:045

KILREA: STONE BATTLE AXE HEAD 40m OD; CS 27; IG 53; C 9250 1250+ This amphibolite battle axe head was recovered from Kilrea. It has been classified as being of the Early Series (early Bronze Age), by Derek Simpson. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 281:1962]. LDY [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1964, 84; Simpson 1990, 18.

262

INVENTORY *KNOCKADUFF: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 31m OD; CS 11; IG 31; C 8749 2383 This mound is also known as Tappatowsie. This is on an elevated position, overlooking the Macosquin River to the south, with excellent views all around. The site consists of an oval mound, measuring 1.7m in height, 22m east-west and 18m north-south. It has been damaged at the east by cattle. In section, the mound appears to be constructed of layers of sandy loam, large stones and gravel. To the south, the ground drops away sharply to the river. A depression c.1.5m wide can be seen around the mound, 5m out from its base. It measures 0.2m-0.3m in depth and may be associated with the mound. An urn is reported to have been found within the mound in the 1940s, but was buried soon after recovery. Its exact location is now unknown. The owner of the site has also found several pieces of worked flint in the area, which are mostly Neolithic in date. LDY 011:015

the British Museum in London [BM 43.12.26.121]. LDY [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-06. KNOCKNAKEERAGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 8; IG 13; C 8900 3300 This site is recorded in the OS Memoirs as ‘there were three ancient urns got containing bones and ashes. The urns were carved on the surface. The above urns were got about 3ft [0.9m] under the surface of a sand hill in 1814.’ There is now no local knowledge of this site, which has not been located. LDY 008:023 OS Memoir Ballyrashane; Waddell 1990, 69. KNOCKNAKEERAGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 8; IG 13; C 8900 3300 This site is described in the OS Memoirs as ‘in a sandy hill there were two ancient earthen urns discovered containing bones and ashes. The urns were all carved in squares on the surface. They were found in a circular enclosure, formed of thin stones. The mouths of the urns were turned under, on a flax stone and a large flat stone covered the enclosure also.’ There is now no local knowledge of this site and it has not been located. LDY 008:024

KNOCKAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 215m OD; CS 30; IG 50; C 6200 0700 This site, also known as Mullaghmeash Mountain, was excavated in 1935, revealing a food vessel. The cairn measured 6.2m in diameter. A cist was discovered, when the stones were being removed for road metal. The cist, which was built of four slabs, was set near the edge of the cairn. It measured 48cm in length, 38cm in width and 23cm in depth. On the floor was a blackened layer, which contained burnt human bones, measuring up to 7.6cm in thickness. All that remains of the site today is an amorphous height, with a few stones scattered about it and a number of large stones, outside the field boundary to the north-north-east. At the eastern edge of the cairn is a small, slab-like earthfast stone, similar to the cist stones sketched by May. The food vessel is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 805:1936]. LDY 030:040 Davies 1943, 110-111; Northern Constitution, 7 September 1935; ApSimon 1969, 61; Waddell 1990, 69.

***KNOCKONEILL: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 215m OD; CS 26; IG 52; C 8196 0875 This site is on high ground, with excellent views all around. This court tomb and burial cairn are also known as Tamnybrack or Giant’s Grave. The court tomb is orientated north/south, with two chambers running off the forecourt. The tomb seems to have been built in the Neolithic period, re-used in the Bronze Age and used again in later times for burial. According to Waddell (1990), a miniature cordoned urn was found within a pit, beneath a round cairn, which incorporated an earlier court tomb. The inverted urn contained some cremated bones and a biconical cup. The finds are held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. LDY 026:052 Chart 1940, 201-202; OS Field Report No. 198; Flanagan 1980, 9-14; Briggs 1983, 23-27; Waddell 1990, 69. KNOCKONEILL: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & BEAD 154m OD; CS 26; IG 52; C 8200 0920 On a small hill, to the north of Knockoneill court tomb, with excellent views east-west, this site is described in Chart (1940) as ‘two indefinite heaps of stone which may be grave structures.’ In the McL. May archive, there are drawings of a cairn with an urn and bead, which were found during excavation. The cairn is greatly disturbed, with whin bushes growing at its centre. It measured 8.7m north-south and 7.5m east-west, lying almost level with the field surface. There are clumps of loose stone, scattered in two or three heaps around it. The finds are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. LDY 026:058 Chart 1940, 202.

Figure 303: Knockan Bowl (LDY 030:040) (after Davies 1943, 111) KNOCKNAGIN: STONE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 41; IG 93; H 8600 9200+ A porcellanite axe head, with ‘square ground sides’ was reported to have been found here. It is currently held at 263

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND KURIN: AMBER NECKLACE 100m OD; CS 26; IG 41; C 8500 1450+ A necklace of 421 amber beads was found ‘in Kewrin Moss, Garvagh’. This necklace became part of the Buick Collection. The beads were of various forms and shape, some chipped and some cloudy. There were only 303 surviving beads, when the necklace was purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [260.1962]. It is thought to date to the late Bronze Age. LDY [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1964, 73-95.

about twelve years of age and also an infant. The third contained pot sherds, charcoal and some bones. Some sherds of Bell Beaker pottery were found and donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast. A fragment of a bronze razor was also recovered and it appeared to have been formed from a single rectangular rod. It is also held at the Ulster Museum. LDY 010:016 Herring 1938, 164-188; Chart 1940, 189; Evans Field Notebook I, 5-6; ApSimon 1969, 28-72; Kavanagh 1991, 77104.

Plate 70: Kurin Necklace (Not in SMR) (after Flanagan 1964, Pl. XII) LACKAGH: BRONZE HOARD 200m OD; CS 28; IG 49; C 4750 0650 This was recorded as a bronze hoard, but the site was not precisely located. It was recorded in the OS Memoirs as: about 150 brass rings were found in the townland of Lackagh of nearly the same thickness but varying in diameter from 5 ins [13cm] to ¼ in. [7mm]. Some had two holes pierced throught he brass at opposite sides of the circle and one of about 5 ins. [13cm] diameter had several others of a smaller size, suspended out of it. About 60 of the rings were sold a short time since to a travelling rag man – and many have been otherwise disposed of. LDY [Not in SMR] Glover 1978, 102.

Plate 71: Largantea Bowls (LDY 010:016) (after Herring 1938) LEARDEN: STONE AXE HEAD 60m OD; CS 7; IG 20; C 8150 2900+ A polished stone axe head was found here. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 785.1960]. It measured 10cm in length, 4cm in width and 2.2cm in thickness. LDY [Not in SMR] Prendergast and Lucas 1962, 139-173.

*LARGANTEA: ASSEMBLAGE 123m OD; CS 10, IG 19; C 7264 2690 This is a wedge tomb, which is also known as Well Glass Spring. The site is on a rocky area, close to gorse and scrub, on a very prominent south-facing slope. This wedge tomb consists of a façade of five stones, which measure 5.4m in length, with a central horizontal sillstone facing south-west. It was excavated in the 1930s and found to have three chambers. The first contained no burials, but sherds of Beaker pottery and also a flint scraper. The second contained more pottery and the remains of at least six adults, as well as a child of

NEWTOWN LIMAVADY ALIAS RATHBRADY BEG: FLINT ARROWHEAD 15m OD; CS 9; IG 29; C 6700 2200+ A flint, leaf-shaped arrowhead, measuring 5.1cm in length, was found at Limavady. It was included in the Fawcett Collection. In 1965 it was purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A1.1965]. 264

INVENTORY LDY [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1967, 21-40.

in breadth ... totally destroyed...there was also, about 10ft [3m] under the face, a chamber composed of oak planks...11ft [3.4m] long, 5ft [1.5m] broad and half a foot [15cm] deep. There was also got in the same place an oak vessel, circular in shape, 14” [32.5cm] in depth and diameter. These articles were much decayed and eventually destroyed’. LDY 047:039

LISACHRIN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 123m OD; CS 26; IG 41; C 8635 1226 This site was described in the OS Memoirs as ‘convenient to the holy wall an urn of ashes…curiously carved… Also another urn containing ashes on the same farm.’ Both urns disintegrated, when being removed from the ground. Neither the holy well nor the burial can now be precisely located, but their proximity to a rath, LDY 026:007, suggests the urns were buried on the site or the summit of a localised hill, on which this rath sits. LDY 026:098

LISSAHAWLEY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 20m OD; CS 14; IG 36; C 4665 2047 Five discrete areas of potential archaeological features were identified, during topsoil stripping. An excavation was carried out during three weeks in November and December 2003. It seems the site represents the remains of Bronze Age structures, with associated finds, such as flint and pottery. LDY [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2003.

LISGLASS: BRONZE AXE HEAD 185m OD; CS 22; IG 48; C 4435 1067 The OS 6-inch maps of 1907 and 1937 designate Celt found (A.D. 1904) in an area of sloping ground, north of a field boundary and falling to a stream at the west. There are no visible remains of an antiquity at this site. LDY 022:007

LISSAN DEMESNE: STONE AXE HEAD 100m OD; CS 46; IG 103; H 7950 8250+ A porcellanite axe head was reported to have been found here. It is now held at the British Museum in London [BM 43.12.26.153]. LDY [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-60.

LISNAKILLY: ASSEMBLAGE 15m OD; CS 9; IG 18; C 6630 2330 This site was uncovered, during road works on a by-pass at Limavady in 2002. It consisted of an irregular depression, which was filled with occupation material. The eleven post holes and a number of possible stake holes make no discernible pattern, but a pit to the east is potentially the most interesting part of the site. It contained a number of fragments of stone axes. These stone axes appear to have been deliberately broken, rather than broken in use. One of the axes showed no wear whatsoever and may never have been used. A fragment of a mould was also found in this pit. There is reason to believe that this pit may have had a ritual function. LDY [Not in SMR] McSparron 2002.

LISSAN DEMESNE: BRONZE RAPIER 100m OD; CS 46; IG 103; H 7950 8250+ This findspot, given as Lissan, has not been precisely located. The rapier has been categorised as a Group III rapier. It was reportedly found in a bog, near Churchtown.

Figure 304: Lissan Rapier (Not in SMR) (after Waddell 1998, 183).

Plate 72: Lisnakilly Assemblage (Not in SMR) (after McSparron 2002). LISNAMORROW: WOODEN BUCKET 62m OD; CS 47; IG 93; H 9200 8700 This site is recorded in the OS Memoirs as in a bog, ‘a paved causeway c.70yds [65m] in length and 7ft [2.2m] 265

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND Lissan Demesne townland extends to the west into County Tyrone. Measuring almost 80cm in length, this is the longest rapier yet found in Western Europe. LDY [Not in SMR] Waddell 1998, 183-184. LOUGHAN ISLAND: STONE AXE HEADS (2) & FLINT FLAKES (2) 5m OD; CS 7; IG 21; C 8780 2880 A porcellanite axe head and an axe head of baked shale were found here and are held in private ownership. A long microlith, with a fine point, was found at Loughan Island, which is also known as Knockantern. It measured 2.5mm in maximum thickness. A further microlith was found here in 1934. LDY [Not in SMR] Batty 1938, 90-94; Jope et al. 1952, 31-60.

Figure 306: Loughan Island Bridle Bit (Not in SMR) (after Waddell 1998, 297). LOUGHAN ISLAND: BRONZE PIN 5m OD; CS 7; IG 21; C 8780 2880 A bronze sunflower pin, designated as a Class II type of the late Bronze Age, was reported to have been found here. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI W/215]. ANT [Not in SMR] Hodges 1956, 29-56.

LOUGHAN ISLAND: BRONZE DISC 5m OD; CS 7; IG 21; C 8780 2880 In 1939 this bronze disc, known widely as the Bann Disc, was dredged from the River Bann at Loughan Island. The site is also known as Knockantern. It is a small bronze disc, measuring 10.5cm in diameter. It is thought to be a decorative mount and is dated to the early centuries AD. LDY [Not in SMR] Raftery 1940, 27-30; Waddell 1998, 314-315.

*LOUGHERMORE: DECORATED STONE 215m OD; CS 23; IG 38; C 5842 1333 This site is currently classified as Bronze Age. On a moderate south-western slope, this is an earthfast boulder or slab, largely below ground level, but with a visible surface, which measures 1m in length and 0.75m in width. It bears at least thirteen cup marks and possibly two rings, of which only half of each can be seen. One of these half rings seems to enclose three cup marks. LDY 023:052

Plate 73: Loughermore Decorated Stone (LDY 023:052) LOUGHERMORE: DECORATED STONE 215m OD; CS 23; IG 38; C 5844 1273 This stone was originally found in Loughermore townland, but its precise orginal location is not known. The stone is an excellent example, bearing numerous cup and ring marks, upon a flat slab of local stone. It measured 1.07m in length, 0.8m in width and 0.15m in thickness. It is decorated with four cup and ring marks (with possibly one more) and seven plain cup marks. When moved from its Forest Service temporary store, the stone split in two. It is now held at the Green Lane Museum, Roe Valley Country Park. LDY 023:054

Figure 305: Loughan Island Disc (Not in SMR) (after Waddell 1998, 315) LOUGHAN ISLAND: HORSE TACK 5m OD; CS 7; IG 21; C 8780 2880 This bronze bridle bit was reportedly found at Loughan Island. This site is also known as Knockantern and is located in the River Bann, approximately 5km south of Coleraine. The bit has been classified as Type D and is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI W.54]. LDY [Not in SMR] Haworth 1971, 26-49; Waddell 1998, 297.

266

INVENTORY MACOSQUIN: ASSEMBLAGE 62m OD; CS 7; IG 20; C 8258 2884 Monitoring of topsoil removal was undertaken, at a private housing development, situated at the south-western edge of Macosquin. The development lies on low-lying ground, beside the Macosquin River, on the outskirts of Macosquin village. A substantial spread of charcoal-rich soil, which was the remains of a badly truncated burnt mound, was uncovered. Associated with this burnt spread were numerous post holes or stake holes, but there was no trace of an accompanying trough. Further subsoil-cut features were revealed, within the southern half of the site, which included evidence for metalworking, in the form of shallow, bowl-shaped pits. The fill of all these pits contained a lot of charcoal and a substantial quantity of iron slag. A narrow natural water channel, which was close to these pits, may have been used as a quenching source for the metalworking. Finds from the site included flint scrapers, a few sherds of prehistoric pottery and the possible fragments of a crucible. LDY [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2003.

Plate 74: Loughermore Decorated Stone (LDY 023:054) LOUGHTILUBE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 70m OD; CS 29; IG 62; C 5700 0300 This site, along with Loughtilube unclassified megalithic tomb LDY 029:034, is described in the OS Memoirs as an enclosure of stone, under a cairn, formed of side stones and a capstone, containing an urn with bones and ashes ’80 perches [517m] east of it, but made in every instance in a similar manner.’ There is now no tradition of this site in the area and it has not been located. LDY 029:035

MAGHERABOY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 124m OD; CS 31; IG 51; C 6693 0823 This site is on high ground, on the valley side of the River Roe. There are no visible remains of this site, which was discovered during trenching for a new housing scheme in 1959. The site was subsequently excavated and built over. The burial deposit consisted of the cremated bones of an adult male and possibly a second individual, with an urn of the enlarged food-vessel type. The section of the trench showed the outline of a small pit, just large enough to accommodate the urn, when whole. Enquiries among the workmen present when the urn was found, suggest that the cremated bones had been placed on a flat stone and the urn inverted over them. No other artefacts were found. LDY 031:016 Morton and Waterman 1960, 12-14 and fig. 2; Waddell 1990, 69.

LOWER DOAGHS: BRONZE BUCKET 10m OD; CS 1; IG 4/11; C 6650 3800+ A complete bronze bucket was found at Magilligan, but the site has not been precisely located. It was made from three sheets of bronze, each about 1mm thick. The base of the bucket is estimated to weigh about 1.2kg and is thought to have been beaten into shape by hammer. The bucket is riveted together and displays several riveted repair patches. It is now held at the Hunterian Museum in Glasgow, Scotland. LDY [Not in SMR] Waddell 1998, 228.

Figure 308: Magheraboy Food Vessel (LDY 031:016) (after Morton and Waterman 1960, 13)

Figure 307: Lower Doaghs Bucket (Not in SMR) (after Waddell 1998, 228) 267

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND MAGHERAMEENAGH: ASSEMBLAGE 22m OD; CS 9; IG 6; C 8600 3890 This excavation was part of a process of on-going monitoring and excavation, which continued over a period of several years, as a result of a housing development on land off Magheramenagh Park, in Portrush. The site was multi-period, with elements dating to both the Neolithic and the early Christian periods. Western Neolithic pottery, flint tools, including an axe head and two broken porcellanite axes were found. LDY [Not in SMR] Bennett 2000, 38-40.

semi-circular gully, although not concentric with the circular enclosures, appeared to surround the southern part of the outer circle. A further probable Neolithic house was identified, measuring c.15m in length and 8m in width internally and orientated approximately westnorth-west/east-south-east. An entrance was identified at the centre of the south-eastern long axis foundation trench. A number of internal and external features were identified, including structural post holes, hearths and pits. None of these features were excavated, as this part of the site was preserved in situ. A rectangular structure, potentially part of a further Neolithic house, measuring c.6m in length and 4m in width, was uncovered close to the edge of the existing A2 road. LDY [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2009.

MAGHERAMORE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & BRONZE AXE HEAD 250m OD; CS 30; IG 63; C 6800 0400 This site is recorded in the OS Memoirs as ‘a crock or urn, tastefully shaped, curved and polished…covered by a long flag and under it, on its mouth, by a thin slab.’ The urn contained bones, not gold as the finder had hoped and ‘was not more than 30 minutes exposed to the sun and air when it mouldered into dust.’ In the OS Memoirs, a bronze socketed axe head was reported to have been found here. Its current location is unknown. LDY 030:080 Watson 1945, 80-119.

MONEYGRAN: STONE AXE HEAD 20m OD; CS 27; IG 54; C 9500 1100+ A stone axe head was reported to have been found here and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. LDY [Not in SMR] Mahr 1930, 73-78. MONEYGRAN: COLLECTION 20m OD; CS 27; IG 54; C 9500 1100+ This is a collection of flint material from at least four different sites, none of which have precisely been located. They are part of the Gracey Collection, which is held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. The sites are referred to as Portna, Moneygran Bog, the River at Portna and the Uplands at Portna. LDY [Not in SMR] Woodman 1978, 237-238; Weatherup 1978, 26.

MAYDOWN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 15m OD; CS 14; IG 27; C 4822 2025 The monitoring of topsoil removal at Maydown Industrial Estate was undertaken, before development. Topsoil monitoring revealed evidence of nineteen subsoil-cut features, spread across the four hectare site. The features, all pits of varying sizes, did not appear to have any direct relationship with each other, but do appear to represent a single phase of activity on site. The only artefacts recovered were sherds of Bronze Age pottery, which were found in the fills of some of the pits. LDY 014:078 Excavations.ie, 2002.

MONEYGRAN: FLINTS (23) 20m OD; CS 27; IG 54; C 9500 1100+ Twenty-two flint flakes and a flint scraper were found at various locations within this townland, including Monegran Bog, Portna Falls and Dimon’s Isle. Many were found at a depth of 6m under the bog and 1962 they were donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast. A Bann flake was also found here and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 143.1970]. LDY [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1964, 73-95; Lucas 1973, 177-213.

MAYDOWN: ASSEMBLAGE 15m OD; CS 14; IG 27; C 4810 2005 This extensive site was uncovered, during a roadwidening scheme (A2). The site was found to extend into the surrounding area, which was not investigated during this project. The site has many titles, known locally as Carrakeel, Coolafinny, Longfield Beg, Longfield More, Maydown, Tully and Upper Campsie. Features uncovered included six pits and three linear features. The pits produced a variety of ceramic and lithic finds, thought to be datable to the Neolithic period. Two Neolithic houses were found, in close proximity to each other. House 1 measured c.13m in length and 6m in width internally and was orientated roughly north/south. The post holes at the northern and southern gables were each excavated across the site. House 2 measured c.10m in length, 6.5m in width and was orientated roughly north-north-east/south-south-west. Also found was a small timber circle, consisting of two almost concentric circular enclosures, surrounded to the south by a narrow and shallow semi-circular gully. This

MONEYGRAN: STONE AXE HEAD & FLINTS 20m OD; CS 27; IG 54; C 9500 1100+ The findspots for this polished stone axe head and fourteen flints from Moneygran townland are not precisely located. The sites are referred to as Portna, Moneygran Bog, the River at Portna and the Uplands at Portna. The axe head and flints were donated to Armagh County Museum. LDY [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 27 & 29. MONEYRANNEL: ASSEMBLAGE 20m OD; CS 9; IG 29; C 6583 2296 This site is recorded in the May archive as located about 77m south of Rough Fort rath (LDY 009:005). Six urns 268

INVENTORY were found in 1931, containing calcined bones. The urns were broken during removal, but the pieces were sent to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 241:1931]. Waddell (1990) records that the urns were found at a depth of about one metre and were placed about 1m apart and in two rows 0.6m apart. He also records that sherds included at least one cordoned urn. A piece of a bronze knife blade or razor and a perforated whetstone were also found. LDY 009:045 ApSimon 1932, 65; Waddell 1990, 69; Kavanagh 1991, 77104.

Figure 310: Mount Sandel Flints (LDY 007:020) (after Collins 1983, 17) *MOUNT SANDEL: ASSEMBLAGE 31m OD; CS 7; IG 21; C 8533 3074 This site, also referred to as Mount Sandel Upper, was excavated in the 1970s, while under threat of development. It was found to be a Mesolithic settlement site, with huts, hearths and pits, along with several hundred flint implements, mostly microliths, with some axes and a fragment of a bone point. There were also large numbers of fish bones and bird bones, with some bones of wild pigs, hare and red deer also represented. There was also a large quantity of hazel nut shells. This seemed to have been part of a winter settlement, where huts were larger and more substantial than the makeshift summer constructions. LDY 007:037 Woodman 1981, 120-132.

Figure 309: Moneyrannel Assemblage [Razor, Bone Pin and Whetstone] (LDY 009:045) (after Kavanagh 1991, 89) MOUNT SANDEL: ASSEMBLAGE 30m OD; CS 7; IG 21; C 8530 3070 This site has been occupied throughout almost every phase of settlement in Ulster: As a settlement in the Mesolithic and late Neolithic; as a promontory fort in the late Bronze Age/early Iron Age; as a motte in the thirteenth century and as a fort, possibly an artillery emplacement, during the 1641 Rebellion. It was may also have been used during the early Christian period as a rath, although the excavations along the slope in 1959 found no artefacts from this period. The site is dramatically situated on the edge of a steep bluff, falling to the River Bann at the east. The highest part of the summit is separated from the rest by a ditch and the whole is enclosed by the steep slopes of the bluff. Prehistoric finds from a more comprehensive excavation in 1959 included a wide range of flint, stone and pottery items. LDY 007:020 Collins 1960, 346; Collins 1983, 1-22.

Plate 75: Mount Sandel Settlement Cluster (LDY 007:037) 269

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND MOUNT SANDEL: FLINT ARROWHEAD 15m OD; CS 7; IG 21; C 8594 3103 This arrowhead was located in the back garden of 2 Glendhu Crescent, at Mountsandel, Coleraine. The find, consisting of a barbed and tanged flint arrowhead, was reported to the Centre for Maritime Archaeology on 6 July 2009 by Mr Gareth Law. The arrowhead was located in soil dug from the back garden and was found, when the soil was sieved. Large quantities of soil had been dug from across the garden, so it was not possible to determine an exact position for the find. However, based on the area dug, it was possible to locate it to within 3m. The find was taken to the University of Ulster in Coleraine for photographing and recording. Subsequently, it was returned to the Law family for safe-keeping. The find consisted of a barbed and tanged arrowhead, made from light grey coloured flint. It is triangular in shape, with rounded barbs and a pointed tang. It is intact and is bifacially retouched by pressure flaking over all its surfaces. Such arrowheads date mainly to the early Bronze Age. LDY 007:104

the River Bann. This unique rapier was found at the Cuts, just south of Coleraine. It had a rod-like tang projecting from the butt, similar to early swords from the Continent. It ‘suggests continued Group III rapier manufacture in Ireland after c.1200 BC’ Waddell 1998, 184-185). LDY [Not in SMR] Waddell 1998, 184-185. MOUNT SANDEL: HORSE TACK 32m OD; CS 7; IG 21; C 8620 3045+ A bronze horse bridle bit was reported to have been found here. It was classified as Type D and has been attributed to the early Iron Age. It is held within a private collection. ANT [Not in SMR] Haworth 1971, 26-49. MOUNT SANDEL: FLINTS 32m OD; CS 7; IG 21; C 8620 3045 This site is located, on the eastern bank of the River Bann, north of Mountsandel Road and to the south of Coleraine town. Its proximity to known archaeological sites, necessitated the implementation of a scheme of trial trenching, followed by monitoring of topsoil stripping. A small number of randomly spaced features were uncovered, from which a small quantity of struck flint was recovered. LDY [Not in SMR] Bennett 2007, 74.

*MOUNT SANDEL: FLINTS 5m OD; CS 7; IG 21; C 8504 3114 This site is also in Somerset townland and is well-known locally as a ford. It would have provided an important crossing point, on the tidal portion of the River Bann, in proximity to the Mesolithic settlement at Mount Sandel (LDY 007:037) and Mount Sandel Fort (LDY 007:020). The ford is now only fully exposed at low water spring tides, when many worked flints, mostly of late Mesolithic type, have been recovered. The ford and the adjacent areas, above the riverbanks, on both sides of the Bann, are of archaeological significance. MRL 021:003 Woodman 1978, 227.

MOVANAGHER: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 10m OD; CS 19; IG 41; C 9100 1500 In the mid-nineteenth century, this was the findspot of a bronze spearhead, which was found in the bed of the River Bann. The site adjoined the townland of Movanagher. It measured 25cm in length and 8cm in width at the widest part and was very light in weight. It has been classified as of Bronze Age date. LDY 019:014 MacAdam 1855, 77-78.

Figure 311: Movanagher Bronze Spearhead (LDY 019:014) (after MacAdam 1855, 78) Plate 76: Mount Sandel Flints (MRL 021:003) MOUNT SANDEL: STONE PICK 15m OD; CS 7; IG 21; C 8500 3100+ A stone pick was reported to have been found here. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. ANT [Not in SMR] Mahr 1930, 73-78.

MOVANAGHER: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 19; IG 41; C 9360 1320 A large number of flints have been recovered from this part of the River Bann and its banks. Woodman has suggested that there is a ‘tendency toward the heavy-

MOUNT SANDEL: BRONZE RAPIER 15m OD; CS 7; IG 21; C 8500 3100+ Although not precisely located, this rapier may also have originated in Ballyness townland, on the western bank of 270

INVENTORY MULLABOY: STONE AXE HEAD 200m OD; CS 23; IG 37; C 5150 1350+ A poorly-shaped porcellanite axe head was reported to have been found here. It is currently held at the British Museum in London [BM 43.12.26.85]. LDY [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-60.

blade industry from the river with the narrow-blade material including many of the core axes coming from the area behind the river’ (Woodman 1978, 239). Many of these finds became part of the Gracey Collection and are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. LDY [Not in SMR] Woodman 1978, 239.

MULLAGHINCH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 40m OD; CS 19; IG 31; C 8800 2000 This site is recorded in the OS Memoirs as being similar to Tappatowsie (LDY 011:015), an artificial mound, which was described in the Memoirs as a look-out station. However, an urn burial was discovered within this mound. The landowner has also found several worked flints in the area around it. This mound is described as having extensive views. It was also in a perfect state of preservation. There is no local knowledge of it and it is not shown on any edition of the OS 6-inch maps. LDY 019:017

MOVANAGHER: STONE AXE HEAD 5m OD; CS 19; IG 41; C 9275 1600 In the 1880s this axe head was found in dredgings from the River Bann, below King’s Hill. This location is thought to have been an ancient ford across the river. The axe was made of dolerite or metadolerite, which are both medium to coarse grained igneous rocks. LDY [Not in SMR] McComb 1999, 148-149.

NEWTOWN LIMAVADY ALIAS RATHBRADY BEG: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 10m OD; CS 9; IG 29; C 6723 2214 This burial, dating to the Bronze Age, was found during excavation for a storm-water pipe. It consisted of an urn inverted over cremated human bones. The bones represented parts of at least two skeletons, which were contained in a simple pit. One of the skeletons was a lightly-built man, twenty to thirty years old and the other possibly an adolescent of uncertain gender. The urn was broken, when it was discovered. LDY 009:020 Waterman 1977, 89-90; Waddell 1990, 69.

Figure 312: Movanagher Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after McComb 1999, 148) MOVANAGHER: FLINTS 15m OD; CS 19; IG 41; C 9350 1300+ Seven flint flakes and two flint scrapers were found here. In 1962 they were donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast. LDY [Not in SMR] Flanagan 1964, 73-95.

NEWTOWN LIMAVADY ALIAS RATHBRADY BEG: FLINT ARROWHEAD 10m OD; CS 9; IG 29; C 6700 2300+ This findspot has not been precisely located and the Irish grid reference given is arbitrary. A large barbed and tanged arrowhead, of brownish-black chert, was reported to have been found at a depth of 1.8m within a peat bog near Limavady. It is now held in private ownership. LDY [Not in SMR] Collins 1963, 41-42.

MOYDAMLAGHT: FLINT ARROWHEAD 150m OD; CS 35; IG 77; H 7400 9900+ A flint, leaf-shaped arrowhead was reported to have been found here. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 117.1966]. It was found within a peat bog, on a surface of basalt, 1.85m below ground level, during turf-cutting operations. It measured 8.1cm in length, 2.2cm in width and 4.5cm in thickness. LDY [Not in SMR] Lucas 1969, 93-115.

Figure 313: Newtown Limavady Arrowhead (Not in SMR) (after Collins 1963, 41)

MOYHEELAND: STONE AXE HEAD 70m OD; CS 40; IG 175; H 7900 9600+ A broken porcellanite axe head was reported to have been found here. It is currently held at in the British Museum in London [BM 43.12.26.143]. LDY [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-60.

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THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND OWENREAGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 190m OD; CS 40; IG 91; H 7300 9000+ Information on this site came from a newspaper cutting, from the Belfast Telegraph, dated 17 June 1960. It describes the discovery of ‘the remnants of a cist … south-west of Draperstown.’ From the cist came ‘a large piece of pottery believed to be the base of a vessel used in the rites of Stone Age burials.’ The pot was put on display in Draperstown School Museum. The site cannot now be precisely located. LDY 040:013 Belfast Telegraph 17 June 1960.

urns have been found in 1805 and are subsequently destroyed.’ The findspot of these urns and possible cist cannot now be located, although the holding on which they were found is reported to be up a lane, off the Gulladuff to Bellaghy Road. LDY 037:047 SHANTALLOW: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 14A; IG 26; C 4522 2083 This cist burial was discovered in 1988, during ploughing. Excavation revealed a rectangular cist, aligned northeast/south-west. It measured 0.95m in length, 0.5m in width and 0.45m in depth. The cist was constructed from thin slabs of local shale. There was no flooring. It contained the poorly preserved remains of a single inhumation burial, revealing an adult twenty-five to thirty years old, lying on his/her right side, with the head to the north. The body was flexed, with the knees drawn up to the chest. The grave also contained a tripartite Irish Bowl food vessel, which was highly decorated. LDY 14A:009 Brannon et al. 1988, 134-136.

PENNYBURN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 15m OD; CS 14; IG 26; C 4340 1860 This cist burial was discovered in 1920 by workmen. It comprised a ‘crude vault’ covered by a large flat slab and contained a flexed skeleton of an adult male ‘his skull leaning over and resting on his rib cage, as if he was too tall to fit inside.’ There was a small hole in the top of the skull, taken to be the cause of death, or perhaps trepanning. There was also a small urn found with the remains and ‘with a zigzag design’ on it. The cist had been set within a sandpit. LDY 014:037 RATHBRADY MORE: ASSEMBLAGE 22m OD; CS 9; IG 29; C 6776 2292 Excavations on this site uncovered a series of prehistoric features. Several pits and stake holes were found, although no structural plan was evident. One pit contained sherds of later Neolithic Grooved Ware pottery, in what may have been a votive deposit. Other finds included a flint assemblage, suggesting flint working was carried out on the site, particularly coloured flint. There was also evidence of quartz working, designed possibly to produce the quartz inclusion, found in the Grooved Ware pottery. Charcoal from one of the pits dated to 2855-2500 cal. BC, reinforcing a later Neolithic date for activity on the site. Another pit, which contained burnt material and furnace debris, produced a radiocarbon date of 348-204 cal. BC, placing it in the Iron Age. No artefacts were found in this pit, but there were seeds of cultivated barley. The disparate nature of the features and the range of artefactual and environmental material recovered, all suggest that activity on the site was short-lived, rather than an established settlement. The Iron Age pit may indicate a similar period of activity [ADS 2002]. Further monitoring was carried out, north of the prehistoric material and just south of the Union Workhouse Burial Ground. A single area of burning was uncovered and excavated. No other features or artefacts were uncovered and no evidence of human remains, associated with the burial ground, was identified [2003 G&L]. LDY 009:051

Figure 314: Shantallow Bowl (LDY 14A:009) (after Brannon et al. 1988, 135) SHANTALLOW: FLINTS 31m OD; CS 14A; IG 26; C 4491 2170 These flints were discovered, on the edge of a re-cut drainage channel. They came from an isolated pocket, some 0.4m below the present surface of the peat. There were no other associated artefacts. The flints were Neolithic in date. They included a small flint axe, an axe sharpening flake and debris produced by extensive flint knapping. The area to the west of the drainage ditch had been heavily disturbed by machinery, but there was still slight evidence of some form of burning on the surface. LDY 14A:029 SHANTALLOW: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 10m OD; CS 14; IG 26; C 4257 1980 The monitoring of topsoil stripping on the site of a proposed commercial development at Ballymagrorty and Shantallow, revealed a somewhat crushed Bronze Age urn burial, which was radiocarbon dated to 2330-1890 cal. BC. The cremation was covered by a small piece of shale. This may not represent an original capstone, as some scarping seems to have taken place, with the base

ROCKTOWN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 60m OD; CS 37; IG 78; H 9100 9700 This site is described in the OS Memoirs as ‘three earthen urns containing calcined bones and ashes…enclosed by circular stone buildings and covered by flat stones. These 272

INVENTORY of the pot missing. The deposit was sub-circular, with a length of 0.3m and a width of 0.25m. A band of darkbrown/grey soil circled the outer edge of the cremation. Within this band, lay the cremation proper. The pottery, probably an urn, lay in a very dark-brown/black soil and had been broken. The damage appeared to have taken place, mainly in antiquity, but also due to the action of the digger that revealed it. LDY 014:079 Chapple 2009, 40-46.

LDY [Not in SMR] Williams 1981-1982, 43. *SLAGHTNEILL: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 246m OD; CS 32; IG 52; C 8238 0611 This is a wedge tomb, which is also known as the Giant’s Grave. The chamber itself measured 4m in length and 1.5m in width and was filled with stones and soil. It is reported that an urn was recovered from the site, in previous years. According to Waddell (1990), three urns were found containing bones and ashes. The largest urn was inverted and enclosed within a stone cist. LDY 032:024 Herring and May 1940, 253-259; Chart 1940, 207; OS Field Report No. 243; Waddell 1990, 70. SLAGHTNEILL: DECORATED STONES (2) 215m OD; CS 32; IG 52; C 8250 0650 These two decorated stones were discovered by John Martin in 2019. The exposed surface of the first stone measured approximately 50cm in length and 30cm in

Plate 78: Slaghtneill Decorated Stone (Not in SMR) John Martin

Plate 77: Shantallow Pottery (LDY 014:079) (after Chapple 2009, 40) SLAGHTAVERTY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 154m OD; CS 26; IG 40; C 8180 1358 On a high knoll, which has been cut through by a lane, there are excellent views all around. There are no surface remains of an antiquity in the area of this find. It was discovered in 1941, during the widening of the lane through the hill. A large encrusted urn was found at a depth of c.0.9m. It was broken by a spade, but the sherds and calcined bones, which it contained, were gathered up and restored. The cremation burial was of an adult female. There are a number of cairns and ‘cromlechs’ mentioned in the OS Memoirs in this townland. An Irish Bowl from here is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM112.1945]. LDY 026:064 May 1946, 104-105; ApSimon 1969, 60; Waddell 1990, 69. SLAGHTMANUS: STONE HAMMER 130m OD; CS 23; IG 38; C 5550 1300+ A perforated stone hammer was reported to have been found here. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1941.633].

Figure 79: Slaghneill Decorated Stone (Not in SMR) John Martin 273

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND width. The second stone measured 50cm in length and 50cm in width. The pattern is a series of interconnected triangles, with at least three small areas of parallel lines on the larger stone. Several prehistoric burial monuments have been recorded in the townland of Slaghtneill, including a Wedge tomb, a burial cairn and a standing stone. It is likely that these decorated stones are associated with the prehistoric activity in the area. LDY [Not in SMR]

Bronze Age pottery and a socketed bronze spearhead. No strong evidence of Early Christian occupation of the site was uncovered. The finds are held at QUB archaeology department. A bronze halberd, measuring 11.5cm in width, was also found here and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1938.266]. LDY 014:011 OS Field Report No. 96; Davies 1941, 88-101; Forbes 1990, 43-45.

SLAGHTYBOGY: STONE AXE HEAD & FLINTS 62m OD; CS 37; IG 78; H 8918 9886 This site was identified on aerial photographs, as an incomplete crop mark of a circular enclosure, which measured c.60m in diameter. The enclosure had an inner ditch, bank, ditch and outer bank. The central area measured c.30m in diameter. The field, in which this site is located, is locally called the Rock Park. The field had just been ploughed at the time of the visit and the eminence appeared to be at least partly natural. It measured 47m north/south and 24m east/west and stood proud of the exterior all around. While walking across the site, cremated human bone, worked flints and a small porcellanite axe were found. The northern end of the eminence had a greater cluster of bone. The aerial photographs may indicate a barrow, but on the ground, nothing definite was noted. The finds indicate Neolithic/ early Bronze Age burials, which are possibly cist graves. LDY 037:040

Plate 80: Stradreagh Beg Habitation Site (LDY 014:011) STRAID: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 123m OD; CS 30; IG 50; C 5959 0583 This cemetery of four cists was found, during quarrying in 1985. Cist I contained the skeleton of an adult male, approximately twenty to twenty-two years old, 6’2-3” tall [1.9-1.92m], along with a Bowl Food Vessel. Cist II contained fragments of a Vase Food Vessel and a large quantity of cremated bone, which are the remains of

SOMERSET: ASSEMBLAGE 31m OD; CS 7; IG 21; C 8470 3050+ This site was excavated in 1956, revealing a Neolithic settlement, complete with hearths, pottery, flints, bone, charcoal and also a souterrain. The general area of the site is now part of Somerset Forest. The precise location of this excavated area is not known. LDY 007:044 McL May 1956. *STRADREAGH BEG: ASSEMBLAGE 15m OD; CS 14; IG 27; C 4720 1950 This site is also known as Rough Island or O’Cahan’s Garden. The core of this island is natural, but it has been modified at various stages in the past. Excavations in 1940 showed evidence of Neolithic and Bronze Age occupation of the Island, as well as medieval layers from the time of the O’Cahans. The island is set in eastern Lough Enagh, which is a small lake surrounded by ridges and separated from western Lough Enagh by a narrow ridge. The site is overlooked by Enagh Church (LDY 014:015) and is some 150m west of Green Island, the site of the now destroyed O’Kane’s Castle (LDY 014:009 and LDY 014:010). The island itself is almost circular, with an uneven surface. It consists of a central mound or platform, located c.2-3m above water level and surrounded by a shelf, which would appear to have been a beach, before the drop in lake level. Davies’ excavation uncovered evidence of artificial heightening or widening of the island. He also found prehistoric material, which included flint, Neolithic and

Figure 315: Straid Food Vessel (LDY 030:049) (after Brannon et al. 1990, 32) 274

INVENTORY an adult male and a child aged approximately three to four years. Cist III contained the skeleton of an adult male, aged approximately thirty-five years old, with two cremations, one at his elbow and one at his feet, both adult females. There was also a Bowl Food Vessel. Cist IV contained a crouched inhumation adult burial, probably male, aged twenty-five to thirty years old and a Bowl Food Vessel. Radiocarbon dating of the bones produced a homogenous group of dates of 2450-2140 BC. It seems likely that the cists, which were found, represent a family/kinship group burial ground, established in the second millennium BC. LDY 030:049 Brannon et al 1990, 2-39.

represent the ploughed out and re-deposited remains of a fulachta fiadh. In conclusion, the deposits uncovered so far, indicate that the site lies within a previously unrecorded prehistoric landscape, which represents evidence of extensive Bronze Age activity, along the eastern bank of the Foyle. LDY [Not in SMR] Bennett 2006, 83. TAMNIARIN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 230m OD; CS 31; IG 51/63; C 7100 0500+ This site is described in the OS Memoirs as ‘James McLaughlin…digging in one of his fields in 1821… discovered a flag 2ft [0.6m] in circumference. He raised the flag and discovered a round pit 4ft [1.2m] deep… enclosed by smaller stones. One the bottom of the pit…a slate flag and on raising this flag he found an earthen crock that might contain 6 quarts which contained several small bones….’ There is no tradition of this find within the townland and the name McLaughlin has not been known in the area, within living memory. The site has not been located. LDY 031:034

STRAWMORE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 70m OD; CS 40; IG 91; H 7600 9500 This site is described in the OS Memoirs as ‘found in 1822, 5 ancient crocks containing calcined bones and ashes. They were carved on the surface and covered on the mouth with flat stones. On being removed they mouldered down and fell to pieces’. No further details are available at present. LDY 040:018 Waddell 1990, 70.

TAMNYAGAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 170m OD; CS 30; IG 62; C 6300 0300 This cist burial is described by Davies (1943) as an urn, standing mouth-upwards in a cist, containing cremated bones. The cist measured c.12” [0.3m] by 18” [0.46m] and was 12-13” [0.3m-0.33m] deep. The cist walls were slabs of schist and it was aligned east-west. The capstone was 25” [0.64m] by 23.5 [0.6m] by 3-5.5” [7cm14cm]. The finds were known by the older inhabitants of the townland, but the precise location is difficult to ascertain. One informant located it in a field, in the north of the townland. ApSimon refers to a cairn here and the quantity of stones present in the field may support this. This field has been greatly improved and there are no visible traces of a cist. There are a number of large stones in the field, one of which was enormous. This appeared to be natural, but there are several local superstitions attached to it. An Irish Bowl from here is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 112.1945]. LDY 030:043 Davies 1943, 110-111; ApSimon 1969, 60; Waddell 1990, 70.

SWATRAGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 150m OD; CS 32; IG 53; C 8400 0800 This site is referred to in the OS Memoirs as ‘found in 1831… 1’6” [0.5m] beneath the surface, some stones set round in a circle, in which was deposited an ancient earthen urn containing a quantity of burned bone and ashes. It was covered on the mouth with a flat stone. The vessel was very thick and rudely constructed, but soon fell to pieces.’ The site cannot now be located and there was no local knowledge of it. LDY 032:047 TAMLAGHT: FLINTS 37m OD; CS 48; IG 125; H 8859 7898 This site is currently classified as Neolithic in date and is described as a ‘dense flint scatter’. The flint scatter is associated with Tamlaght portal tomb (LDY 048:005) and was found to the south of this tomb. It was discovered by members of the Killymoon excavation team in 1995. LDY 048:051 TAMNEYMORE: ASSEMBLAGE 107m OD; CS 14; IG 40; C 4330 1510 This site was uncovered, during a housing development along Woodside Road, in Londonderry. Site 1 consisted of two linear gullies, with five sub-circular pits, located to their south and east. Pottery recovered from some of these features, would suggest that these date to the Bronze Age. Sites 2 and 3 consisted of two areas of heat-shattered stone, charcoal-rich soils and a series of subsoil-cut features. These included large sub-rectangular pits, which have been interpreted as troughs, smaller pits and stake holes. The nature of the fills of these features, would suggest that they

TAMNYMULLAN: STONE MOULD 50m OD; CS 36; IG 65; C 8500 0100+ This was one part of a two-part mould, which was designed for casting a socket-looped spearhead. It measured 20.3cm in length, 4.3cm in width and 2.9cm in thickness. It was formed from chlorite schist and reportedly was found at Maghera, which is not a townland name. It is now held the Ulster Museum in Belfast. LDY [Not in SMR] Collins 1970, 23-36.

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THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND **TAMNYRANKIN: ASSEMBLAGE 215m OD; CS 26; IG 52; C 8338 1029 This site is in upland bog, with good views from the south-south-east to the north-east. This impressive court tomb is orientated north-west/south-east, with the court at the south-eastern end, measuring 4.6m in diameter at its widest point. It was excavated in 1940, revealing an antechamber and two chambers. Also found were late Neolithic decorated bowls, a broken porcellanite axe head, flint tools and a cremation of an adult human. The OS Memoirs record ‘3 urns of bones’ found a few yards from the tomb. According to Waddell (1990), the pots were very thick and curiously carved. One pot is said to have had an inscription and three brass hoops. The finds are how held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. LDY 026:013 Chart 1940, 202; Herring 1941, 31-52; Evans Field Notebook VI, 51; OS Field Report No. 200a; OS Memoir Desertoghill; Jope et al. 1952; Waddell 1990, 70.

Figure 316: Tamnymullan Stone Mould (Not in SMR) (after Collins 1970, 33) TAMNYMULLAN: STONE MOULD 50m OD; CS 36; IG 65; C 8500 0100+ This steatite mould, designed for casting socket-looped spearheads, was reported to have been found at Maghera, but this is not a townland name. It is now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1916/25]. LDY [Not in SMR] Hodges 1954, 77. TAMNYMULLAN: STONE MOULD 50m OD; CS 36; IG 65; C 8500 0100+ This steatite mould, designed for casting socket-looped spearheads, was reported to have been found at Maghera, but this is not a townland name. It is now held at the British Museum in London [WG/1640]. LDY [Not in SMR] Hodges 1954, 77.

Figure 317: Tamnyrankin Assemblage (LDY 026:013) (after Herity 1987, 263) TEMPLEMOYLE: ASSEMBLAGE 280m OD; CS 30; IG 63; C 6700 0300+ This site has previously been described as a Viking burial (unlocated burial Templemoyle LDY 030:047). It is described in the OS Memoirs as ‘a very large stones of all sizes.’ When the stones were removed, they revealed ‘a small enclosure formed of flags…forming the exact shape of a coffin and covered with thin flags.’ Within it was a ‘small earthen crock containing a quantity of bones and ashes, an old sword, small bone, small hammer and curious spotted stone.’ With no visible remains or exact dimensions, it is difficult to classify the site with any degree of certainty. A cairn, with a single chamber containing an urn burial, stone objects and a metal weapon, would be consistent with a Bronze Age cist burial. It may also have been a small megalithic tomb – most likely a wedge tomb, which would be consistent with the ‘very large carn.’ LDY 030:054

TAMNYMULLAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 50m OD; CS 36; IG 65; C 8500 0100+ An Irish Bowl was reported to have been found here. It was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 479.1927]. LDY [Not in SMR] ApSimon 1969, 60. TAMNYMULLAN: STONE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 36; IG 65; C 8500 0100+ A polished stone axe head was reportedly found at Maghera, but this is not a townland name. It measured 19.6cm in length and 6.3cm in width and was donated to Armagh County Museum. LDY [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 32.

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INVENTORY TEMPLEMOYLE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 280m OD; CS 30; IG 63; C 6700 0300 The OS Memoir records the site as ‘the ruins of a very ancient burial ground…a circular enclosure…in the interior stood a round mound 5ft [1.5m] above the canal that enclosed it.’ When the owner dug up the mound ‘he discovered a circular enclosure formed by stones being set on their ends and covered on the top by large flat stones… in the interior an ancient earthen urn set on a broad flag and covered in the mouth by a thin flag…contained a quantity of crumbled bones and ashes…under the surface in the exterior of the mound a quantity of bones which he buried in a deep pit. The entire enclosure was 50ft [15.2] in diameter.’ This detailed description of a central mound, enclosed by a ditch and outer bank, leaves little doubt that this was indeed a ring barrow. The site has been destroyed. LDY 030:055 TEMPLEMOYLE: POTTERY (UNCLASSIFIED) 215m OD; CS 30; IG 63; C 6641 0465 This site was uncovered during works for a water main to Dungiven. A large pit and spread of material produced several sherds of prehistoric pottery. LDY [Not in SMR] Bennett 2011, 79.

Figure 318: Tobermore Formers (Not in SMR) (after Hodges 1954, 67) TULLYBRICK: POTTERY (UNCLASSIFIED) & FLINTS 246m OD; CS 40; IG 91; H 7502 8965 A phase of blanket bog stripping, at this sand and gravel quarry, revealed a low mound of stone, measuring c.9m in diameter and standing 0.8m in height. The removal of this cairn revealed a figure-of-eight arrangement of small stones, set upright into the sandy subsoil. This arrangement of stones surrounded two small cists, one rectangular and one octagonal. The cists each contained a scattering of burnt bone. A small number of pottery sherds and flint artefacts were recovered from sandy deposits, which appeared to be stratigraphically earlier than the burials. The site is located at the foot of the Sperrin Mountains. Several known megalithic monuments are located within the immediate area, surrounding the quarry. LDY Not in SMR Excavations.ie, 2008.

TERRYDOO CLYDE: STONE AXE HEAD 150m OD; CS 17; IG 29; C 7350 2050+ A broken porcellanite axe head was reported to have been found here. It is now held at the British Museum in London [BM 43.12.26.181]. LDY [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-60. TIRKANE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 123m OD; CS 32; CS 64; C 8266 2500 The site of this urn burial was reported by a man whose father found the urn ‘some years back’ in a hollow, beside a stream. The urn was found while clearing the hedge back to the north of Tirkane sweathouse. It is not known what became of the urn. LDY 032:075 TOBERMORE: WOODEN FORMERS 50m OD; CS 36; IG 77; H 8250 9650+ Hodges (1954) has suggested that wooden formers were required in the fabrication of clay moulds for swords, as the unfired clay would otherwise distort. It is presumed that the wooden former would be burnt away during the firing process, although a fragment of charred wood was found in a sword mould from Lough Eskragh. Several formers were recovered from a bog at Tobermore Village in 1912 and are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. LDY [Not in SMR] Hodges 1954, 62-80.

TURMEEL: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) 170m OD; CS 31; IG 51; C 6900 0800+ This rectangular Neolithic house was discovered during archaeological investigations at a road scheme, on the A6 road close to Dungiven. The house measured 14m in length and 7m in width. It contained almost 1400 sherds of Neolithic pottery. LDY Not in SMR HED 2019, 9. UPPER CAMPSEY: ASSEMBLAGE 10m OD; CS 15A; IG 27; C 5040 2112 An excavation was carried out on a site at Camspie Industrial estate, after potential features were uncovered, during topsoil stripping. These consisted of two clusters or concentrations of pits and possible post holes. Site 277

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND WEST CROSSREAGH: ASSEMBLAGE 15m OD; CS 3; IG 12; C 8189 3640 This site is reported in the SMR, as being in the townland of East Crossreagh, in the area of Dooey, but Dooey is in West Crossreagh. The Dooey finds consist chiefly of pottery, although some flints and a stone axe were also reported. LDY 003:044 May and Batty 1948, 130-156.

1 consisted of a series of pits and possible occupation material, suggesting the truncated remains of a habitation site. The artefacts recovered, included a porcellanite axe head, struck flint and pottery dating to the Neolithic period. Site 2 consisted of a series of nine pits and stake holes, all of which are most likely prehistoric in date, although no artefacts were recovered from this area. LDY 15A:005 Excavations.ie, 2002.

WEST CROSSREAGH: ASSEMBLAGE 40m OD; CS 3; IG 12; C 8213 3651 An excavation took place in advance of a housing development here in 2002. The site overlooked the River Bann, 1.1km to the south-west. The excavation revealed a hearth, which was radiocarbon dated to 350 BC–AD 10. Finds included flint, pottery sherds and burnt bone. LDY [Not in SMR] Macdonald 2002, 1-7.

WATTS TOWN: ASSEMBLAGE 19m OD; CS 7; IG 21; C 8637 3067 An archaeological evaluation, which included metal detecting, monitored topsoil stripping and excavation, was carried out on Soldier’s Hill, prior to development. No artefacts were recovered, during the metal detecting survey, but the removal of topsoil uncovered a number of archaeological features. Those features included two drying kilns, a fulachta fiadh trough, two hearths, a spread of pits, one of which contained flint debitage and an isolated pit, which contained late Neolithic/early Bronze Age pottery and flint debitage. Large numbers of flint tools were also recovered from the topsoil, including butt-trimmed flakes, dating to the Mesolithic period [ACS, 2003]. Further work on Soldier’s Hill, which included topsoil stripping, was monitored in 2004. A large shallow pit or spread produced a radiocarbon date of 237-534 cal. AD. The layer also contained forty-two sherds of souterrain ware. Five vessels were represented by the sherds, one of which (Vessel 3) was finer and also smaller than the others. One had randomly distributed thumbnail decoration, along the top of the rim. The features comprised two roundhouses, both of which survived as a series of ditch sections and post holes. Both appeared to have had two phases of occupation. Structure A was oval, with dimensions of c.9m in length and c.7m in width, whilst Structure D measured c.6.5m in diameter. Two boundary ditches were associated with the houses. Attached to one of these was a D-shaped enclosure (Structure C). A further feature comprised a circular complex of post holes and ditch segments (Structure B). The post holes formed a circle, with a diameter of c.8.5m, whilst the external ditch segments formed a circle, with a diameter of c.11m. The structure had a complex sequence of entrance arrangements, including metalled surfaces, which indicate that the structure had not been significantly truncated. The complex and purposeful arrangement of features, within this structure, suggests that it may have been more than just a house, perhaps a small wooden henge monument. Situated c.50m to the south of this complex was a cremation pit, which contained the bones of a single child, aged between six and twelve years. Pottery and flint collections await analysis, likewise radiocarbon dating. The whole complex appeared to date to the late Bronze Age. [ADS, 2004]. LDY 007:102 Bennett 2007, 78.

NOTE – The following entries are for artefacts which do not have a precise location, but are simply provenanced to County Londonderry. They are numbered here for ease of identification. 1.UNKNOWN [LDY]: FLINT COLLECTION NPL This is a collection of flint artefacts, known as the May Collection, which is held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. These were collected along the River Bann, between Coleraine and Lough Beg. They represent a wide variety of artefact types, from the Mesolithic period. LDY [Not in SMR] Woodman 1978, 239-241. 2.UNKNOWN [LDY]: FLINTS NPL Three flint end scrapers, which came from County Londonderry, were donated to the Armagh County Museum. Two were fashioned from flakes, with bulbs of percussion, 5.7cm in length and 3.1cm in width and also 6cm in length and 3.8cm in width. The third was Y-shaped, measuring 4.7cm in length and 4.1cm in width. Two thumb scrapers, which were made from the bulb end of flakes, with evidence of secondary flaking around the edges, were also donated LDY [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 27 & 28. 3.UNKNOWN [LDY]: STONE ARD POINT NPL A stone ard point was reported to have been found at Agivey, but this is not a townland name. It was pearshaped and perforated at the narrow end. It measured 24cm in length and 5cm in width. Interpretation of this artefact is difficult, with the possible suggestions of a loom weight, fishing weight or stone club. It is more likely to be an ard point. LDY [Not in SMR] Simpson 1993, 31-43. 278

INVENTORY 6.UNKNOWN [LDY]: STONE BATTLE AXE HEAD NPL This Buchite battle axe head was recovered from the River Bann and classified as of the Late or Bann Series by Derek Simpson. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 568: 1924]. LDY [Not in SMR] McAdam 1855, 234-235; Knowles 1912-1913, 195-222; Simpson 1990, 35.

Figure 319: Unknown [LDY] Stone Ard Point (Not in SMR) (after Simpson 1993, 37)

4.UNKNOWN [LDY]: STONE BATTLE AXE HEAD NPL This stone battle axe head was recovered from County Londonderry and classified as of the Intermediate Series by Derek Simpson. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI P.86]. LDY [Not in SMR] Simpson 1990, 33.

Figure 322: Unknown [LDY] Battle Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Simpson 1990, 26) 7.UNKNOWN [LDY]: COLLECTION NPL In 1959, a number of flint and stone artefacts were purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast from the W.A. Green collection. The items were reported to have been found in the Bann Valley and included 5 flint flakes, 3 flint knives, 1 flint javelin head, 1 hollow-based arrowhead, 1 petit-tranchet derivative arrowhead, 5 polished stone axe heads, 1 stone chisel, 1 stone hammer and 2 spindle whorls. Also purchased was a bronze palstave axe head, measuring 15.3 cm in length. LDY [Not in SMR Flanagan 1960, 41-60. 8.UNKNOWN [LDY]: BRONZE CAULDRON NPL A bronze cauldron was reported to have been found in a bog at Ful-na-cross. No further details were recorded. LDY [Not in SMR] Armstrong 1924, 113.

Figure 320: Unknown [LDY] Battle Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Simpson 1990, 22) 5.UNKNOWN [LDY]: STONE BATTLE AXE HEAD NPL This stone battle axe head was recovered from the River Bann and classified as of the Late or Bann Series by Derek Simpson. It is currently held at the British Museum in London [BM 1883:12-28]. LDY [Not in SMR] Simpson 1990, 35.

9.UNKNOWN [LDY]: BRONZE KNIFE NPL A bronze knife was reported to have been found at Balteagh, which is a parish, containing several townlands. It was attributed to the late Bronze Age and been classified as of the Dungiven Type. It is currently held at the British Museum in London. LDY [Not in SMR] Hodges 1956, 29-56. 10.UNKNOWN [LDY]: BRONZE BUCKET NPL A bronze bucket was reported to have been found during dredging work on the River Bann, during the 1850s. It was well-made of thin beaten bronze, measuring 17cm in height and 16cm in width at the mouth and 23cm wide at the widest part of the body. It formed part of the O’Laverty collection.

Figure 321: Unknown [LDY] Battle Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Simpson 1990, 26) 279

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND 13.UNKNOWN [LDY]: HORSE TACK NPL; CS 7; IG 21; NPL An unclassified, two-link bronze bridle bit was reported to have been found in the River Bann. It has small, solid bronze rings without studs and is currently held in a private collection. ANT [Not in SMR] Haworth 1971, 26-49.

LDY [Not in SMR] Knowles 1908, 21-25.

14.UNKNOWN [LDY]: ARD POINTS (5) NPL; CS 37; IG 66; NPL A group of ten elongated stone artefacts from the River Bann are held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. These are referred to as ‘clubs’. Five of them have been provenanced to Culbane (Ballynease McPeake townland, see above) and are more likely to be ard points. LDY (Not in SMR) Simpson 1993, 31-43.

COUNTY TYRONE

Figure 323: Unknown [LDY] Bronze Pot (Not in SMR) (after Knowles 1908, 23)

AGHALANE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 185m OD; CS 27; IG 121; H 5466 7826 This site is described by Pringle as a ‘Stone Carn.’ It lay down slope south of the site of standing stones (TYR 027:005) and the scheduled court tomb of Cloghogle (TYR 027:006) midway between an old lane running south-west/north-east and the road from Mountfield to Cookstown. It was in the south-western corner of the same large field as Cloghogle, but had been destroyed in a reclamation scheme in the late 1970s. It is not marked on the Ordnance Survey 6-inch maps. An Irish Bowl was reported to have been found here and is now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1906:202]. TYR 027:027 Pringle 1935, 20; ApSimon 1969, 61.

11.UNKNOWN [LDY]: BRONZE SWORD NPL A bronze sword was reported to have been found in the River Bann. It has been attributed to the Ballintober Type and is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [L/1934/37]. LDY [Not in SMR] Hodges 1952, 29-56. 12.UNKNOWN [LDY]: BRONZE SPEARHEAD NPL A bronze, spearhead with protected loops was found in the Ministry of Finance offices in Belfast. It thought to have been found during drainage work on the River Bann during the 1930s. It was well-made, but part of the socket was missing, possibly due to damage during the dredging work LDY [Not in SMR] Collins 1960, 22-24.

AGHARAN: STONE AXE HEAD 77m OD; CS 46; IG 160; H 7963 6837 Cist burials and also stone axe heads were reportedly discovered in a sand quarry here. A farmer was digging out sand with a tractor, when several ‘clay boxes’ fell out of the side of the pit. One black hornfels axe head measured 15.7cm in length, 6.8cm in width and 2.1cm in thickness. It was donated to Fermanagh County Museum in Enniskillen. TYR 046:045 Williams and Yates 1981-1982, 185-188. AGHASCREBAGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINT FLAKE 185m OD; CS 19; IG 106; H 6127 8401 There are now no visible remains of this barrow, which was excavated in 1935. It consisted of a low mound, capped by a small standing stone. At the western end of the mound, a cordoned urn was found beneath a covering stone. The hollow was not lined with side-slabs. The urn contained the cremated bones of one adult female. A calcined flint flake was also found. These are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 633:1935]. The mound measured 3m in diameter and stood 0.41m in height at its centre. The standing stone measured 1.2m in height.

Figure 324: Unknown [LDY] Spearhead (Not in SMR) (after Collins 1960, 23)

280

INVENTORY ALTDRUMMAN: WOODEN STAKE 184m OD; CS 27; IG 106; H 5738 7810 One pointed oak (or pine) stake was found, during turf cutting in a large expanse of bog, north of Lough Fingrean. This is most likely the remains of a prehistoric field enclosure. TYR 027:039

TYR 019:020 Evans 1938, 189-192; Evans Field Notebook VIII, 24-25; Chart 1940, 225; Waddell 1990, 135. *ALTANAGH: ASSEMBLAGE 203m OD; CS 44; IG 139; H 6225 6934 The activity on this multi-period site, which was excavated in 1980, begins with two Neolithic pit burials and a megalithic chamber. The site continued in use as a cemetery into the Bronze Age, with interments accompanied by food vessels and cordoned urns. The abandoned cemetery was subsequently modified to serve as a rath in the first millennium BC. Thirteen individuals were buried here, including two of which were double burials. Finds included Neolithic and Bronze Age pottery and iron objects from the rath. The worked flints dated from the Mesolithic, the Neolithic and the Bronze Ages. TYR 044:045 Davies 1941, 41; OS Field Report No. 225A; Williams 1986, 33-88.

ALTMORE ALIAS BARRACKTOWN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & BRONZE RAZOR 185m OD; CS 45; IG 140; H 6200 7000+ A bronze razor was reported to have been found in an urn burial here. It measured 8.5cm in length and 2cm in width. The blade had a pronounced mid-rib and it also had very sharp edges. The tang was narrow and pointed. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1880.37]. TYR [Not in SMR] Kavanagh 1991, 77-104. ALTREST: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 15m OD; CS 2; IG 60; C 4024 0532 A pit and cist burial were found within quarrying sand and gravel. The area was subsequently machine stripped, but no further finds were made. The two Bronze Age vessels, which included a Bowl Food Vessel and an Enlarged Food Vessel, were recovered along with some cremated bone. These are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. TYR 002:028 ANNAGHILLA: ASSEMBLAGE 67m OD; CS 59; IG 177; H 6010 5585 Trial trenching was carried out in 2007, along the route of the upgraded A4 road. A circular enclosure (TYR 059:020), which was thought to be a rath, is shown on the First Edition OS map, but was no longer visible on the surface, when investigations began. The evaluation located the ditches of the enclosure and its associated features. The site was fully excavated and revealed three prehistoric structures, to the north of the rath and other prehistoric features, within the interior of the enclosure. These included a possible round house and the remains of a ring barrow or mound barrow. Pottery and flint finds suggest Neolithic or Bronze Age occupation. A burnt mound was also located to the east of the main site. TYR [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2007. ARDUNSHIN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 59; IG 176; H 5400 5400 The townland of Ardunshin exhibits the usual topographical array of drumlins and valley. In all, seven urns have been found within this townland. However, only one of the urns was recovered from a cist, which consisted of four flagstones, with one flag at the bottom and another at the top. This pot was found to contain ‘some human bones, teeth and part of a skull.’ The remaining vessels included two urns, one of which was both large and decorated. One contained small fragments of bone. TYR 059:083 OS Memoir Clogher, 1833-1834; Waddell 1990, 135.

Figure 325: Altanagh Bowls (TYR 044:045) (after Williams 1986, 65) ALTCLOGHFIN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 200m OD; CS 52; IG 158; H 5600 6200+ A large fragment of an urn, which included a portion of the rim, was found here. It was a well-made, straightsided vessel, with shallow groove decorations parallel to the rim. It was purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [282.1964]. ApSimon notes this as UM 258:1964, but it is probably the same sherd. TYR [Not in SMR] Flanagan and Seaby 1966, 103-114; ApSimon 1969, 65. 281

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND ARMALUGHEY: POTTERY (UNCLASSIFIED) & FLINT 123m OD; CS 60; IG 177; H 6662 5609 This site was investigated, as part of the proposed improvements of the A4 road, between Dungannon and Ballygawley. The site was located in close proximity to a henge monument to the west. Four distinct groups of features were identified. Group 3 was located close to the Armalaughey Road and revealed a series of small circular pits. One of these pits produced a large sherd of pottery, which came from its base. There were also several sherds from the body of the pot. These overlaid a small quantity of very small pieces of burnt bone, which may have been the poorly preserved remains of a cremation deposit, within a pottery vessel. Group 4 was located roughly at the southern limit of excavation. The main features here included a circular ring-ditch, with an internal diameter of 7.5m and also a central hearth/burnt area, which overlaid a large post hole, with flint debitage and occasional small fragments of burnt bone. There was also a palisade trench, with nine stake holes along its base, orientated east/west. This was associated with a large pit, which contained c.150 pottery fragments, including the complete base of a large vessel. TYR [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2008.

TYR [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1975, 5-24. AUGHLISH: LOGBOATS (2) 61m OD; CS 54; IG 160; H 7730 6180 Two oak logboats were found ‘in the neighbourhood of Castlecaulfield, one, I am told, in Lough Aughlish’ (Burges 1938, 80). One measured 3.2m in length and 0.7m in width and the other measured 5.2m in length 0.8m in width. They are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 33.1954]. TYR [Not in SMR] Burges 1980, 80 & Pl. IX; Fry 2000, 53-55.

ARMALUGHEY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 92m OD; CS 60; IG 177; H 6341 5734 Excavation was carried out, along the route of the upgraded A4 road, in 2006 and 2007. This site was discovered on a prominent hill, adjacent to an earthwork, which had been recorded as a rath in the SMR (TYR 060:039). Features of early Bronze Age date included an urn burial and several pits, which contained cremation-related deposits. Also found was a burnt spread, associated with a rectangular trough and two large pits and also the remains of at least three structures, comprising ring-gullies and post holes. Three large ditches remain undated, but are probably related to prehistoric activity. TYR [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie 2007.

Plate 81: Aughlish Logboats (Not in SMR) (after Burges 1938, Pl. IX) BALLYLAGAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 62m OD; CS 59; IG 177; H 5982 5527 This site was uncovered, during works for a road scheme (A4). It is referred to as Area 42 and Area 43. In Area 42, various linear features and possible pits were found. Finds included five pieces of struck flint, two broken scrapers from the topsoil, two flint flakes from a possible pit and a piece of struck flint from a shallow deposit. In Area 43, burnt spreads, linear features, pits, stake holes and a stone structure were found. One of the burnt spreads was found to be overlying a trough, which continued west, outside the limit of excavation. Several small pieces of flint debitage were retrieved from the burnt spread. A second burnt spread, which was located 1m north of a small pit, contained Bronze Age pottery. This spread also sealed a small trough and was found to have eighty small stake holes, surrounding its eastern edge in a semicircular formation. An east/west orientated linear stonelined structure was located towards the centre of the

AUGHAMULLAN: RING 16m OD; CS 47; IG 161; H 8986 6588 A local metal detectorist found a ring, in shallow ground, on this area of high ground, which overlooked Washing Bay to the east. While the ring find may be a stray one, the topography would suggest that there may be an enclosure here. At the north, the land appears very level. However, there is a marked break in slope to the south, which may be the remnants of an enclosure. The ring itself is metal, probably either bronze or iron. It has two drops of Millifiori enamel and some rough scoring on the top. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. TYR 047:030 AUGHAMULLAN: COLLECTION 16m OD; CS 47; IG 161; H 9040 6560 A collection of five flint flakes from Washing Bay, on Lough Neagh, formed part of the R.C. Davidson Collection, which is now held at Armagh County Museum [189-190.61]. 282

INVENTORY site. This feature was lined by small stone uprights and covered with capstones. All stones consisted of unworked sandstone blocks. One small piece of corroded iron was found within the fill of the stone uprights. This feature may be a souterrain. TYR [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2008

found lying on its site. Two other cists were also found at this site. TYR 059:087 Waddell 1990, 141. BALLYREAGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 50m OD; CS 38; IG 124; H 7986 7616 During monitoring, in advance of groundworks for Kilcronagh Business Park, Ballyreagh, in Cookstown, ten areas of archaeological interest were identified. There were three distinct periods of activity at Ballyreagh, the earliest dating to the prehistoric period. There was good evidence for flint knapping on site, as a roughly circularshaped pit, with a maximum diameter of 1.2m and depth of 0.35m, produced a large quantity of flint debitage. At least twenty flint tools, the majority of which were scrapers, were also found. These flint artefacts were of a late Neolithic/early Bronze Age date. In addition, a sherd of pottery, with cord decoration, was retrieved from one of four pits, which formed an arc that respected one another. All were of similar shape and dimensions. The pottery and hence the features, were broadly contemporary with the flint working. A single, black coarse sherd of pottery, possibly of Bronze Age date, was also retrieved from a nearby spread. TYR [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2006.

BALLYNABWEE: ASSEMBLAGE 31m OD; CS 2; IG 177; H 6308 5746 This site incorporates Bronze Age domestic activity, ring ditches and an early Christian rath. Bronze Age activity is represented by three ring ditches, one of which was truncated by the enclosure ditch, while the other two were enclosed by it. These measured 5m, 6m and 10m in diameter. There were no intact formal burial deposits, but some cremated bone was recovered from one of the ring ditches. It is likely that the ring ditches were disturbed by their incorporation into the later rath, when burial deposits were removed. A number of occupation deposits, encountered to the north-west of the enclosure, yielded up to one hundred and ninety-six sherds of pottery, as well as a number of flint tools. The pottery has been preliminarily identified as early Bronze Age. A number of flint and quartz tools, as well as pottery sherds, were recovered. One of the sherds was decorated and preliminarily identified as Beaker pottery. A bronze socketed axe head had also been found here in 1979. TYR [Not in SMR] Colhoun and Lacy 1979, 152-153; Bennett 2012, 204. BALLYNAGILLY: ASSEMBLAGE 200m OD; CS 21; IG 108; H 7423 8365 This occupation site is also known as The Corbie and was excavated in the 1960s, when a Neolithic settlement, with a plank-built house, hearths and post holes, was revealed. Finds included early Neolithic pottery and worked flints, including hollow scrapers and leaf-shaped arrowheads. Further down the slope of the sandy hill, on which the settlement was found, was a Beaker settlement, where features included hearths, pits and post holes. These, with the scatters of artefacts, showed three main concentrations, possibly associated with houses. Finds included approximately one hundred flint tools, such as scrapers, a barbed-and-tanged arrowhead and re-worked fragments of polished stone axes, plus a large quantity of early Bronze Age Beaker pottery. TYR 021:003 Addyman 1967, 46; ApSimon 1969, 165-168.

*BALLYRENAN: ASSEMBLAGE 130m OD; CS 17; IG 104; H 3733 8317 This comprises two portal tombs, also known as Ballyrenan Chambered Grave and Cloghogle. The site consists of two megalithic elements aligned east/west and standing 4m apart. The western one had two chambers, divided by a sill, with a single side slab for each, two tall portals, three displaced capstones and a back stone. All of this is surrounded by cairn material and extended 4.2m in length. The eastern part measured 4.64m in length and also consisted of two chambers, divided by a sill. When excavated in 1907, a flint arrowhead and stone beads were found. Further excavations in 1936 have uncovered sherds of at least four Neolithic pots, worked flints and beads. According to Waddell (1998), two portal tombs both facing in the same direction, occurred one behind the other, within the 13.7m long cairn at Ballyrenan. TYR 017:035 Cochrane 1907, 399-403; Davies 1937, 89-100; Evans Field Notebook VI, 270; OS Field Name Book No. 74; Chart 1940, 223; Ó Nualláin 1983, 79 and 101; Waddell 1998, 88.

BALLYNASAGGART: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 59; IG 196; H 5686 5385 This site of cist burials was on a low glacial knoll, with fine views all around. It overlooked the River Blackwater to the north. The cists were found in a small, disused quarry. The edge of the quarry is no more than 3m deep. The burial consisted of a grave, which was uncovered 1m below the turf line. Although not stated, it is implied that the cist was stone lined, with a stone floor. Due to disturbance, measurements were not taken, but it is likely that the cist was shallow, as the urn inside was

BALLYVADDAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 92m OD; CS 64; IG 194; H 4497 4800 Close to an undulating ridge, with good views all around, a cist burial, which contained a food vessel and traces of an inhumation burial, was discovered in 1934, during the construction of a tennis court. Three other cist burials are believed to have existed nearby, to the west, southwest and south-east. The cist measured c.0.5m in length and 0.36m in width and was covered by a large capstone of sandstone, which measured 1m in length, 0.85m in width and 0.2m in thickness. The cist was formed by 283

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND four irregularly shaped boulders, with stone packing. It measured 0.38m in depth. The food vessel is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 35.1935]. The general area of the site is now occupied by a garden. The present owners have no knowledge of cist burials, which were associated with the house, but they have not lived there long. TYR 064:038 Pringle 1935, 15; Evans 1944, 105-108; ApSimon 1969, 60; Waddell 1990, 135.

portal stones and a sill, which were probably buried within the body of the cairn. At the western end are two similar cists, set in line transversely, to the body of the axis of the cairn. The cairn is aligned north-east/ south-west. It measured 27.3m in length, 10m in width and stood 1.5m-2m in height. The site was excavated in 1897, when finds included cremated bones, ashes, flints and an arrowhead. TYR 065:003 Rapmund 1897, 190; Wulff 1923, 190; Pringle 1935, 5-6; Chart 1940, 258; Evans Field Notebook; OS Field Report No. 323; Ó Nualláin 1983, 80 & 102; DOENI 1983, 134. BARNES LOWER: ASSEMBLAGE 185m OD; CS 12; IG 89; H 5500 9046 This court tomb was excavated in 1964-1965. It consisted of a main gallery, divided into four chambers. Excavation of the cairn revealed five subsidiary chambers, within the northern and southern sides of the cairn. The cairn was aligned north-east/southwest, with the forecourt facing south-west. Finds included Neolithic pottery, flint and quartz flakes, two plano-convex knives and several scrapers. Cremated human bones were found both in the gallery chambers and also in the subsidiary chambers. The presence of grave goods suggests there may also have been inhumation burials. TYR 012:019 Chart 1940, 219; De Valera 1960, 134; Collins 1966, 43-75; Herity 1982, 337 and 1987, 232-235.

Figure 326: Ballyvaddan Bowl (TYR 064:038) (after Evans 1944, 107)

BARNES LOWER: DECORATED STONE 185m OD; CS 12; IG 89; H 4980 9015 This stone, displaying cup marks, has not been precisely located, despite an extensive search. There is a large expanse of exposed rock face within this area. TYR 012:023 OS Field Report 39A; Davies 1941, 38.

BALLYWARD: ASSEMBLAGE 107m OD; CS 54; IG 159; H 7445 5980 This site was excavated, in advance of a road improvement scheme (A4). It consisted of the remains of a burnt mound, four stake holes and two pits. The features did not form a discernible pattern. Finds included some lithics, flint and quartz. TYR [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2008.

BARONS COURT: FLINTS 62m OD; CS 17; IG 104; H 3688 8451 This site, known locally as Lislear, consists of a banked enclosure at the north-western end of Lough Catherine. It is partially destroyed at the south and south-east and damaged within by a cottage and paths. There is a small stream to the north and also good views south to the lake and crannog. The bank is damaged and broken in parts, but elsewhere measured 4-5m in width, 1.2m in height internally and 2.5-3m in height externally. The ditch is only visible in parts, as it is silted up and planted with trees. It measured c.3.5m in width and 0.5m in depth at best. At the south-east, there is a terrace and a drop of c.4-5m to the lough. Small-scale excavations here in 1987 found a number of flint flakes, including a Bann flake. Scrapers and rods, thought to be early and late Mesolithic in date, were also found. TYR 017:031 Ivens and Simpson 1988, 61-68.

***BALLYWHOLAN: ASSEMBLAGE 185m OD; CS 65; IG 215; H 5697 4702 This is a dual court tomb, which is also known as Carnagat. On level ground, west of the Furey River, with good views all around, this is a fine example of a dual court tomb. Excavations in 1897 revealed cremated human bones, ashes, charcoal, flint chips, as well as one leaf shaped arrowhead and one stone wrist-bracer. TYR 065:002 Rapmund 1897, 190; Wulff 1922, 38-41; Pringle 1935, 5; Belfast Newsletter, 24 August 1937; Chart 1940, 259; OS Field Report No. 326; De Valera 1960, 115; DOENI 1983, 134; Herity 1987, 215. **BALLYWHOLAN: FLINTS 150m OD; CS 65; IG 196; H 5554 4899 This site is also known as Carnfadrig or Carnpatrick. This portal tomb consisted of a long narrow cairn, at the eastern end of which is a massive cist, measuring 2.1m in length and 1.2m in width. It is reached through two 284

INVENTORY

Figure 329: Barons Court Sword (TYR 017:033) (after Simpson 1986, 103)

Figure 327: Barons Court Flints (TYR 017:031) (after Ivens and Simpson 1988, 67). BARONS COURT: FLINT ARROWHEAD 60m OD; CS 17; IG 104; H 3650 8400+ A flint barbed and tanged arrowhead was found in 1956 in a garden at Barons Court. Its current location is unknown. TYR [Not in SMR] Collins 1957, 42-43.

***BEAGHMORE: ASSEMBLAGE 185m OD; CS 20; IG 107; H 6846 8424 This is a complex of monuments, which consists of ancient field walls, stone circles, burial cairns and stone rows, all of which were discovered during peat cutting in the 1940s. It is thought that more features remain covered by the surrounding bog. There are seven stone circles and the stones, which form these circles, stand on average 0.3m-0.6m in height. The largest circle is the only single circle and it also has the tallest stones, with one standing 1.2m in height and the rest c.0.9m in height. It encircles a round cairn. The remainder of its interior is completely filled with close set stones, which have become known as the dragons’ teeth. Each of the main circle units has at least one stone row extending from it, all aligned north-east/south-west. The stone rows are all composed of quite small stones. All twelve cairns, with a further three remaining unexposed, had kerbs of small boulders. Most contained cremated bones. Cairn 1

Figure 328: Barons Court Arrowhead (Not in SMR) (after Collins 1957, 43)

*BARONS COURT: ASSEMBLAGE 62m OD; CS 17; IG 104; H 3646 8378 This site is also known as Island McHugh. The island was discovered, on excavation, to be a multi-period occupation site, with activity from the Neolithic, Bronze Age, early Christian and Medieval periods. Finds from the Neolithic period consisted of worked flint, a broken porcellanite axe head and pottery. The Bronze Age saw the first artificial extension to the island, with an occupation layer, which included pottery, charcoal and burnt animal bones. The construction of the crannog took place mainly in the early Christian period, with oak timbers dated to AD 601-619. During the Medieval period, the tower house and bawn were constructed. A late Bronze Age sword was discovered on the south-eastern margin of the island in 1985 (Simpson 1986, 103-104). TYR 017:033 OS Field Report No. 72; OS Memoir Ardstraw, 1834; Chart 1940, 222-223; Jope 1951, 44; Ivens et al. 1986, 99-103; Simpson 1986, 103-104.

Figure 330: Beaghmore Assemblage (TYR 020:004) (after Pilcher 1975, 83) 285

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND BENBURB: BRONZE AXE HEADS (2) 30m OD; CS 61; IG 197; H 8150 5200+ A decorated, flat bronze axe head was found ‘near Benburb’ and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 64.1959]. It measured 13cm in length, 6.9cm in width at the cutting edge and 1.9cm in thickness. Both surfaces were covered in short, hammered strokes, parallel with the long axis. A bronze, socketed and looped axe head was also found ‘at Benburb’ and donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 162.1959]. It measured 20.8cm in length, 3.6cm in width and had a circular socket. TYR [Not in SMR] Lucas et al. 1961, 43-107.

had a central cist, in which a porcellanite axe head was found. Prehistoric pottery and flints were also found. Radiocarbon dates from the site indicate activity from 3300 BC to the present day. TYR 020:004 Jope et al. 1952; May and Mitchell 1953, 174-197; Addyman 1967; Pilcher 1969, 73-91 and 1975, 83-84; Thom 1980, 1519; Waddell 1990, 137; Burl 1995, 201-203. BEAGHMORE: POTTERY (UNCLASSIFIED) & FLINT KNIVES 154m OD; CS 20; IG 107; H 6874 8509 This site is also known as Crockaskinna, Hill of the Knives and Croc Na Scinna. On the summit of a prominent mound, on a ridge running north/south, with fine views all around, the Beaghmore Complex is visible to the southwest, with the Broughderg River flowing close by to the west. This much disturbed site consisted of a pit, which measured 4.7m in length and 2.7m in width, aligned with its long axis running north-west/south-east. A single large stone towards the western end may be structural. At its deepest, the pit measured 0.75m in depth. Local information recalls that a complete pot was excavated from this site and the contents taken to Dublin. The mound itself is known as Crockaskinna, from the Irish croc na scinna, which translates as mound of the knives. It is said that a battle took place on the hill and many knives were lost. However, it is interesting that none of the ‘knives’ found were of metal. All were of flint. TYR 020:031 BELTRIM: POTTERY (UNCLASSIFIED) 90m OD; CS 18; IG 89; H 4938 8648 This site was uncovered, during water main works in Gortin. In a section of the pipe trench, thirty-two post holes and also evidence of structures were found. Late Neolithic or early Bronze Age pottery sherds were recovered, but the excavation was unable to identify specific structures, due to time constraints. TYR [Not in SMR] Bennett 2002, 326-327.

Figure 331: Benburb Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Lucas et al. 1961, 76) BOTERA UPPER: CHERT ARROWHEAD 180m OD; CS 34; IG 137; H 3950 7200 A chert hollow-based arrowhead was found here (3 miles west of Omagh) in 1958, during turf cutting. It was discovered at a depth of 80cm from the surface of a bog. It was composed of black chert from carboniferous limestone. TYR [Not in SMR] Collins 1959, 42.

BENBURB: FLINT FLAKE 31m OD; CS 61; IG 198; H 8154 5191 This site is a mound, which is located in formal grounds on the summit of a steep sided spur. The site overlooks the River Blackwater to the south, with commanding views over the river. The site consists of a prominent and slightly oval mound, standing 3m in height and measuring 11m north/south and 13m east/west. The mound displays no evidence of a structure, although some stones are visible in the exposed edges of disturbed areas. Charcoal and glazed pottery sherds have been recovered from the mound in the past, leading to the theory that the mound is the site of Shane O’Neill’s castle. A flint flake was found here and is currently held at Armagh County Museum [156.60]. TYR 061:024 Weatherup 1975, 5-24.

Figure 332: Botera Upper Arrowhead (Not in SMR) (after Collins 1959, 42)

BRACKAVILLE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 66m OD; CS 47; IG 141; H 8334 6740 In 1935, a small vase food vessel was discovered, in a sand pit at this location. The food vessel was not associated 286

INVENTORY with any visible cist or other structure. It had possibly slipped from higher up the face of the pit. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A203:1965]. Extraction had ceased for some time in this pit, which had expanded over a much wider area, after the date of discovery. The area has been landscaped into a gentle east-facing slope. It occupied the back of a low ridge, with localised views all around. TYR 047:019 Evans 1944, 105-108; ApSimon 1969, 60.

Figure 333: Brackaville Pot (TYR 047:019) (after Evans 1944, 107)

Figure 334: Broughderg Bowl (TYR 020:029) (after Wakeman 1879-1882, 741)

BROOKEND: LOGBOAT 20m OD; CS 40; IG 126; H 9500 7240 This logboat was found east of Blacker’s Rock, on the western shore of Lough Neagh. It was essentially an oak floor, perhaps from a logboat under construction. There was strong evidence of tooling on the upper surface at one extremity. The surviving remains measure 1.69m in length, 32cm in width and 10cm in height. Radiocarbon analysis returned a date of 5490-5246 BC, which places this find in the late Mesolithic period. The logboat is currently held by HED. TYR [Not in SMR] Fry 2000, 116.

CALEDON: ASSEMBLAGE 62m OD; CS 67; IG 217; H 7570 4552 Pringle (1935) stated that ‘a fort appears to occupy the site of the present parish church’ of Caledon. The church is located on a prominent ridge, known as Church Hill, with ground sloping down to the south-west. It commands a good view to the south-west, but is hindered elsewhere. The area around the church is now occupied by an extensive graveyard, with no observable enclosure. An excavation was carried out to the north-east of Church Hill Primary School, prior to development. Various phases of activity were identified on the site: a Neolithic hearth/pit; an L-shaped eighteenth century ditch; an eighteenth century stepped ditch and an area of limemortared rubble of indeterminate date, most probably sixteenth to eighteenth century. Large quantities of pottery and artefacts were recovered, including many fine sherds of Neolithic pottery, a polished stone axe from the hearth/pit, eighteenth century pottery and a George II halfpenny from the second ditch. A sample from the hearth produced a radiocarbon date of 3970-3660 cal BC. TYR 067:009 Pringle 1935, 4; Bennett 2007, 416-417.

BROUGHDERG: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 246m OD; CS 20; IG 90/106; H 6447 8655 On an area of flat land, which gradually rises to the north, this site enjoys fine views all around. No trace of this cist burial now survives on the ground, nor is there any local tradition of the site. Pringle (1935) reported the discovery in 1880, of a small, square, stone cist grave, 13ft by 13ft [4m square]. The cist was apparently marked by a 1.85m high standing stone, the lower 0.92m of which was in the ground. It contained an urn, in which was found a second, smaller pottery vessel and cremated bone. Despite a wide search of the area, the site was not located, but finds are held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. TYR 020:029 Wakeman 1879-1882, 740-743; Pringle 1935, 19; Waddell 1990, 137.

CAMAGHY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 200m OD; CS 45; IG 140; H 7000 6800 Two cists, located 3m apart, were found in the course of ploughing in 1922. One cist was built of ‘well-squared and close-fitting slabs’. It measured 1.02m in length and 47cm in width internally. It contained the skeleton of a 287

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND young adult male. A bowl lay at the head of the skeleton. After this discovery, the skeleton had been disturbed and a number of teeth extracted from the skull. The second cist measured 1.07m in length and contained the disturbed skeleton of a girl of sixteen or seventeen years. Once again, a bowl had been placed at the head. Precise details of the skeletal positions and of the pottery are not available. The food vessel is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1922:13]. TYR 045:013 Macalister 1921-1924, 150-153; Waddell 1990, 137.

Plate 82: Carnaveagh Decorated Stone (TYR 017:059) CARNKENNY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 31m OD; CS 17; IG 103; H 3400 8600 This site is on one of the ridges, east of Ardstraw village, which overlooks the River Derg to the north. There is no local knowledge of the site, which has not been located. However, Davies does give co-ordinates, which places the findspot at the junction of two roads east of the village. The urn, which was inverted over cremated bone, was recovered from a simple clay-lined pit. The ornamentation consisted of a herring-bone pattern, on the upper part of the vessel. The lower part has irregular vertical marks and the rim has a diamond pattern. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM L19:1939]. TYR 017:052 Davies and Henderson 1941, 47-48; ApSimon 1969, 62; Waddell 1990, 137.

Figure 335: Camaghy Bowl (TYR 045:013) (after Macalister 1921-1924, 152) CAPPAGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 277m OD; CS 45; IG 159; H 6780 6640 This was reported to be situated on the summit of Cappagh Mountain, but the site is not precisely located. Despite an extensive search of the heather and gorse covered summit, no evidence for the cist or of its associated cairn could be found. It was described as ‘cairn, beneath which was a square cist containing a plain bucket-shaped urn and cremated bone with no weapons or ornaments recovered.’ TYR 045:024 Madden 1862, 131; Binchy in Rynne, 1967, 59; Waddell 1990, 135.

*CARR: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINT SCRAPER 62m OD; CS 59; IG 195; H 5469 5399 On a drumlin summit, which overlooks the River Blackwater to the south, a platform rath consists of an oval platform, standing 3.25m above the exterior at the south-west. There is no indication of an original entrance or of an encircling ditch. The interior, which slopes gradually down to the south-west, shows slight traces of disturbance by cultivation. A trial trench, excavated on the site, revealed at least two phases of rath occupation. Underneath the rath, prehistoric occupation was identified, with the discovery of a flint scraper and sherds of pottery, possibly Beaker. TYR 059:024

CARNAVEAGH: DECORATED STONES (2) 92m OD; CS 17; IG 104; H 4227 8520 Two stones, with cup and ring marks, were found at this site. One is still in the field, where it was found, but it had been moved to the edge by the farmer. The second was unknown to the farmer. It had been gathered up, along with a number of boulders, to be used at the Ulster History Park. The first stone has artwork all over one face, which has two surfaces, separated by a carved step. It is decorated with two pairs of cup and ring marks. The second has a single cup and ring mark. TYR 017:059

*CARRYGLASS: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 185m OD; CS 57; IG 175; H 3839 5575 This multiple cist cairn is also known as Carnamoghil. This site is on a low ridge with a wide view to the north and south-west, but the view is hindered by higher ground elsewhere, as it is surrounded by a conifer plantation. The cairn is oval, measuring16m east/west and 10m north/ 288

INVENTORY south. It was excavated by Wakeman. Eight stone-lined cists were uncovered, around the perimeter of the cairn. Human bone was found. Two of the cists held encrusted urns. An Irish Bowl was also found and is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1878:3]. At present the cairn is very overgrown and the ‘large capstone’, which was noted by Chart, is no longer visible. The top of the cairn stands 1.5m in height and the surface is pitted and uneven. It is now only possible to view the site from the boundary, which borders it at the north, as a dense conifer plantation prevents access around the site. TYR 057:007 Wakeman 1870-1871, 579-590; Chart 1940, 250-251; OS Field Report No. 279; ApSimon 1969, 61; Waddell 1990, 137.

revealed. Sherds of Neolithic pottery were recovered from one of the upper fills. A modern river scheme, designed to relieve the flooding of the River Finn, has been implemented here. Topographical evidence indicated that originally the river came right up to this site, where there was a small inlet, immediately to the east. It is likely that a small riverside encampment was the origin of settlement activity here. TYR [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2002. CAVANALEE: COLLECTION 185m OD; CS 10; IG 88; H 3700 9500 A local landowner reported this findspot at the 1983 Balmoral Show. He produced a wealth of material, all of which had been found on his land. This included saddle, rotary and beehive querns, flint artefacts, polished stone axes, bronze objects such as socketed gauges, spearheads and axe heads, through to loom and fishing weights. TYR 010:016 CAVANREAGH: BEEHIVE QUERN 150m OD; CS 44; IG 158; H 6100 6600+ This upper part of a beehive quern was found at Cavanreagh and classified as B1 Type by Caulfield. It measured 31.5cm in diameter and 17cm in thickness. It has been dated to the Iron Age. TYR [Not in SMR] Caulfield 1977, 131.

Figure 336: Carryglass Urn (TYR 057:007) (after Wakeman 1870-1871)

CHURCHTOWN: BRONZE CAULDRON 50m OD; CS 16; IG 103; H 2650 8450+ This item was reported to have been found at Castlederg. It had been referred to by Briggs, (1979) as the Castlederg Cauldron, describing it as having ‘fine tooling marks’. TYR [Not in SMR] Briggs 1979, 23-25; Waddell 1998, 232.

CASTLEGORE: GOLD BRACELET 70m OD; CS 16; IG 102; H 2506 8357 A gold, cup-ended Bronze Age bracelet was found within ploughsoil, in a sloping field, overlooking the River Derg. The finder had recently ploughed the field, which had previously been in pasture. The field had not been ploughed since the 1950s. A north/south field boundary, now removed, ran approximately through the findspot, which is likely to have contributed to the bracelet’s survival. The bracelet, itself, is in extremely good condition and is penannular, circular in section, with terminals ending in a cup. Adjacent to each cup is a decorative panel, consisting of a row of hatched alternating triangles, between two groups of close-set transverse grooves. This type of bracelet is a characteristic object type for the Irish late Bronze Age, specifically the period between c.950-800 BC. Such bracelets are often found in hoards. The findspot here was excavated by CAF, but no archaeological context for the bracelet or any other artefacts were uncovered. TYR 016:060

Figure 337: Castlederg Cauldron (Not in SMR) (after Waddell 1998, 232)

CASTLETOWN: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) 30m OD; CS 4; IG 72; H 3340 9600 This site was uncovered during road works at the Strabane by-pass, which was built largely on the bed of the former Great Northern Railway line. The remains of a ring barrow (possibly late Bronze Age), an area of possible Neolithic activity and several possible hearths were

*CLADY HALLIDAY: ASSEMBLAGE 123m OD; CS 17; IG 87; H 3423 8874 This is a court tomb, also known as Carnmore, with three chambers. It was excavated in 1936, when it was found to contain a large assemblage of pottery and worked 289

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND ***CLOGHER DEMESNE; ASSEMBLAGE 92m OD; CS 58; IG 195; H 5387 5133 This massive hillfort comprises a complex of earthworks, defended by a series of banks and ditches around the top of a high hill. There is also a rath in the interior of the site, again enclosed by a bank and further along the hill summit, to the south, there is a ring barrow with a ditch and outer bank. The field at the base of the hill to the south also has a series of enigmatic earthworks running across it. The site was partly excavated by Richard Warner on behalf of the Ulster Museum in Belfast. He believed it to be a royal site. Finds from the excavations also indicate contact with the Roman world during this time and it has been suggested that Clogher is the Regia indicated on Ptolemy’s map of Ireland (c. AD 150). Following a LiDAR survey, a revised scheduled area was extended around the site, to encapsulate a large rectangular earthwork, which was situated on rough grazing land, on the southern slope of the hill, close to the ring barrow located at this edge of the fort. The earthwork measured some 100m east/west and 89m north/south and enclosed another well defined embanked feature, measuring 30m north/south and approximately 45m east/west. Prehistoric finds included Neolithic flints and pottery, including a complete bowl. A Bronze Age arrowhead was also found. A bronze toe or finger ring was found and dated to the Iron Age. Roman pottery was also found. TYR 058:033 Warner 1973, 5-12.

flint, dating to the Neolithic period. Also found was the incomplete cremation of an adult human. The tomb is aligned south-east/north-west, with the court at the south-east, measuring 7m in width and 7.6m in depth. The cairn measured 26.5m in length and 18m in width. Chamber 1 measured 4.2m in length and 3.2m in width, Chamber 2 measured 2.4m in length and Chamber 3 measured 3.3m in length and 2.3m in width. The chambers are entered though a pair of jambs, 0.7m apart, leading from the court. The finds are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. TYR 017:023 OS Memoir Ardstraw, 1834; Evans Field Notebook VI, 29-30; Evans and Gaffikin 1935, 247; Chart 1940, 221; De Valera 1960, 111; OS Field Name Book, No. 56; Herity 1987, 235-237.

CLOGHER DEMESNE; BRONZE BROOCH 90m OD; CS 58; IG 195; H 5350 5100+ A bronze brooch was reported to have been found ‘near Clogher’. It is described as an Irish external-chord type (Jope 1961-1962, 31) and dates to the first century AD. TYR [Not in SMR] Jope 1961-1962, 25-38. Figure 338: Clady Halliday Assemblage (TYR 017:023) (after Herity 1987, 278) CLARE: SADDLE QUERNS (2) 80M OD; CS 29; IG 124; h 7550 7850+ A trapezoidal saddle quern and a fragment of another were reported to have been found here. They are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A5537 & 38:1992]. TYR [Not in SMR] Connolly 1994, 34.

Figure 339: Clogher Demesne Brooch (Not in SMR) (after Jope 1961-1962, 32)

CLOGHBOY: FLINT ARROWHEADS (2) 20m OD; CS 1; IG 48; C 3600 0850+ Two flint leaf-shaped arrowheads were reported to have been found in topsoil in a field. They were donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 193 & 194.1966]. One measured 7.3cm in length, 3.8cm in width and 0.9cm in thickness, while the other measured 6.7cm in length, 4.1cm in width and 1.2cm in thickness. TYR [Not in SMR] Lucas 1969, 93-115.

*CLOGHERNY: FLINTS 246m OD; CS 11; IG 74; H 4882 9453 This site is also known as Giant’s Grave and Clogherny Meeneriggal. This is on a fairly-level terrace. It was excavated in 1937. A stone circle, consisting of relatively tall stones, surrounded a wedge tomb, which was located to the south-west. The tomb consisted of a gallery, which was covered by a single capstone. A pair of jambs project south-west of this, forming a possible antechamber, or a second chamber. A large sill stone is set across the entrance, with a pair of jambs outside. The chamber contained charcoal, cremated bone, a flint chip and a 290

INVENTORY CORKRAGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 92m OD; CS 56; IG 193; H 2915 5407 This cist site was discovered in 1936, by workmen levelling ground for the construction of a garage. It was located c.0.62m below the original ground surface. There are now no visible remains of this site. It consisted of a small, stone-lined rectangular cist, which measured 0.77m in length and 0.46m in width. It was composed of sides of three slabs, each with one slab at each end and covered by several small slabs. Four urns and a fragment of a fifth were found inside. The largest urn was inverted over a pigmy cup, with bone fragments from an adult male and female. One urn was identified as an encrusted urn (Kavanagh 1973, 561) and is now held at Armagh County Museum [ACM 122-1947]. TYR 056:020 Evans and Paterson 1939, 65-71; Evans Field Notebook III, 3; Chambré 1937, 300; ApSimon 1969, 63 & 65; Kavanagh 1973, 507-617; Waddell 1990, 138.

barbed and tanged arrowhead. The circle measured 16.2m in diameter. Parts of the interior were cobbled. TYR 011:018 Davies 1939, 36-43; Chart 1940, 216; Davies 1959, 95; OS Field Report No. 36a; Burl 1976, 249 and 368; McConkey 1987, 57; Burl 1995, 204-205. CLUNTYGANNY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 123m OD; CS 29; IG 108; H 7828 8167 This site is that of a Bronze Age burial. During a geological excavation, sherds of Bronze Age pottery were found. Further excavation revealed a large pot, which was in an inverted position. When reconstructed, it measured 41.5 cm in height, with a rim diameter of 29.5cm. There was no sign of any cremated bone or charcoal. On either side of the beaker pot were two large stones, with four smaller ones to the west, which afforded some protection for this pot. A pit burial is suggested by the excavators. The area was badly disturbed. TYR 029:038 Brennan et al 1978, 33-36.

Figure 340: Cluntyganny Urn (TYR 029:038) (after Brennan et al. 1978, 35) COOKSTOWN: STONE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 29; 124; H 8100 7700+ A broken porcellanite axe head with squared sides was reported to have been found here. It is currently held at the British Museum in London [BM 43.12.26.156]. TYR [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-60. COOKSTOWN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 50m OD; CS 29; IG 124; H 8100 7700 This site has not been precisely located. There are no specific details surviving, with regard to this burial, which was found ‘near Cookstown’ c.1898. It contained possibly two cremations, in association with a cordoned urn. The finds are now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1898:76]. TYR 029:064 Abercromby 1912; ApSimon 1969, 65; Waddell 1990, 137138.

Figure 341: Corkragh Pots (TYR 056:020) (after Evans and Paterson 1939) CRANNOGUE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 185m OD; CS 45; IG 140; H 6752 6866 Two mound barrows, with cist burials (see TYR 045:019), were found 1.5m below the surface of the bog, at this location. This became the subject of a small scale excavation in 1958. The cists contained some pottery and much cremated bone, which represented a minimum 291

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND CREGGAN: WOODEN STAKES 215m OD; CS 27; IG 121; H 6130 7700 Situated on a relatively flat area of ground with unrestricted views all around, a series of wooden stakes were uncovered during peat cutting. Some of the stakes were as much as 2m long and each had a pared end. The area is called Stake Bank, indicating the tradition of finding wooden stakes. Although unclear, it appears that the stakes were in two rows, possibly at right angles to each other. No further stakes have been found in the area since 1980. TYR 027:029

of one adult male, one adult female and one child. They were situated about 18.5m distance from each other, on a slight rise on a north-facing slope, approximately 46m south-west of a large standing stone (TYR 045:010). The site commands a fine view to the east. There are no visible surface remains. TYR 045:018 Waddell 1990, 138. CREEVAGH: FLINTS 185m OD; CS 29; IG 108; H 7677 8266 On an area of rough ground, with higher ground rising gently to the north and elsewhere fine views, this cairn occupies a low hummock, defined by the 184.6m contour. The cairn is slightly oval, measuring 5m east-west and 7m north-south, but is truncated at the west and south by field banks. There is evidence for recent disturbance, within the centre of the mound. Charcoal, burnt stone and flint have been recovered from on and around the cairn. The flints are in the possession of local amateur archaeologist, Mr. J. Brennan. TYR 029:055

**CREGGANDEVESKY: ASSEMBLAGE 215m OD; CS 37; IG 122; H 6460 7500 This court tomb, which was excavated from 1979-1982, consists of a trapezoidal cairn, with a semi-circular open court at the south-eastern end. The edge of the cairn is defined by a dry-stone revetment, all around the outside. There is evidence for both cremation and inhumation burial at this site. The entrance, through a portal with a massive lintel, leads into the burial gallery, which is subdivided into three chambers by pairs of jambs. The tomb decreases in height from front to back and the chambers decrease in height accordingly. Neolithic finds included 8 arrowheads, a range of scrapers, 14 pots and a stone bead necklace. Bronze Age finds included a sherd of encrusted urn, a barbed and tanged arrowhead and a spindle-whorl. The finds are held by HED. TYR 037:014 Chart 1940, 238; OS Field Report No. 176a; Herity 1987, 245; Hamlin and Lynn 1988, 3-5; Foley et al. 2015-2016, 68147.

CREEVAGH: FLINTS 185m OD; CS 29; IG 108; H 7638 8278 This site is on a terrace of flat land, which projects southwest into an area of marsh and bog. Scatters of flints have been recovered from this area, for a number of years. A mixture of waste flakes and a number of blades and end scrapers have been found. They remain in the possession of local amateur archaeologist, Mr. J. Brennan. TYR 029:057 CREEVAGH: FLINTS 154m OD; CS 29; IG 108; H 7738 8253 This site is on the crest of a glacial ridge, which extends north-east/south-west. A wedge tomb (Feegarran, TYR 029:014) is also sited here. This is perhaps the most interesting of all the various flint scatters in this area, for two reasons: firstly, because of its situation, spread along the same ridge, as the wedge tomb and secondly, because of the quality of the pieces of worked flint, with fine examples of hollow and end scrapers, as well as a leaf-shaped arrow head. These finds possibly indicate the presence of Neolithic occupation. TYR 029:058 CREEVE: WOODEN STAKES 185m OD; CS 29; IG 124; H 7673 8318 This site is an area of bog land, which slopes gently down to west and overlooks the course of the Clogherry Burn, which flows to the west. Local amateur archaeologist J. Brennan reported that in over many years of peat extraction and almost every year, some worked wooden stakes have been recovered from this area of bog. However, the relative positions of the stakes were not noted from one season to the next and therefore, no pattern could be discerned. TYR 029:061

Figure 342: Creggandevesky Assemblage (TYR 037:014) (after Foley et al. 2015-2016, 99)

292

INVENTORY CREW: DECORATED STONE 62m OD; CS 59; IG 177; H 6045 5673 This megalithic tomb is also known as the Ballynasaggart Stone. The field, in which this tomb was located, is at the foot of a steep drumlin, with higher ground all around. The field has been ploughed and reseeded. There are now no visible traces of any archaeological remains. A stone, which was decorated with cup and ring marks and known as the Ballynasaggart Stone, was found at this site. It was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [406.1962]. TYR 059:081 Flanagan 1964, 73-95.

measuring between 13m and 17m in external diameter, were excavated. The features were plough-truncated, but evidence from the ditch fills, indicated the former presence of external earthen banks and interior stone cairns or banks in each case. A fourth ring ditch, measuring only 2m in diameter, was also visible. Bronze Age pottery was recovered from the ditch fills. The features are interpreted as funerary monuments, although no human remains were encountered. A cluster of stake holes and shallow pits was identified downslope of the ring ditches, adjacent to an L-shaped gully, which appeared to be part of a small enclosure. In the valley below, a burnt mound was excavated, on the edge of peat deposits, beside a small stream. Features, associated with the burnt mound, included a waterlogged and well-preserved wooden trough. TYR [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2007. CULREVOG: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 20m OD; CS 62; IG 198; H 8440 5550 A bronze socketed spearhead was recovered here, following dredging work in the River Blackwater. It measured 23.1cm in length, 7.5cm in width and 2.9cm in thickness. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A5794]. TYR [Not in SMR] Ramsey et al. 1991-1992, 138-149.

Plate 83: Crew Decorated Stone (TYR 059:081) (after Flanagan 1964, Pl. XI)

CUMBER [DONACAVEY]: BEEHIVE QUERN 92m OD; CS 50; IG 156; H 4271 6261 The owner produced this fine example of a quern stone from the back of his jeep, during a visit to a rath on his farm. The stone was found in a field at the home farm, so the actual findspot was not visited, but the farmer indicated the location on the map. The stone itself is the top stone of a beehive quern. It has the usual pipe and funnel construction, with a single handle hole on the upper surface. The underside is quite worn. No measurements were taken due to poor weather, but the stone measured approximately 0.4m in diameter and 0.15m in depth. TYR 050:033

*CROUCK: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 210m OD; CS 19; IG 106; H 6232 8453 This site, also known as Dun Ruadh, is in a west-facing valley, with ground rising to the east and falling to the Owenreagh River to the west. This horseshoe-shaped cairn has evidence for multiple cists, several of which were excavated in the 1930s. The inner cairn edge is defined by orthostats, with some signs of paving within the central open area. The outer cairn edge is clear at the south and south-east, appears disturbed at the east, but is very clear at the outer entrance. There is much evidence of stone robbing in the past. A surrounding henge, measuring 63m in diameter, is roughly concentric with the cairn and consists of a bank and inner ditch. The bank measured 10m in width, 0.5m in height externally and stood 0.8m in height above the inner ditch, which measured 3.5m in width and 0.5m in depth. Excavation also found a Neolithic settlement, which underlies the henge and cairn. Finds included cremated bone and sherds of seven Irish Bowl Food Vessels and an IrishScottish Vase, which is now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1909:35-40]. TYR 019:004 OS Field Report No. 90; Latimer 1908, 188; Derry Journal 31 August 1908; Evans Field Notebook VII, 37; Macalister 1921-1924, 348; Chart 1940, 225; Addyman 1967; McConkey 1987; Waddell 1990, 138.

CURGLASSAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 31m OD; CS 39; IG 142; H 8670 7360 Local tradition suggests that a burial ground existed, in the field east of the Curglassan/Kingsmill Road, which lies immediately south of the modern church. The tradition is that the graves are pre-Christian, dating to the ‘Danish’ period and were found with grave goods. In 1918, an unprotected cist burial was found, containing a bowl inverted over the cremated bones of an adult male. Folklore also considers this field as haunted. TYR 039:057 Greer 1946, 138-139; ApSimon 1969, 61; Waddell 1990, 139. DERNAGH: STONE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 47; 142; H 8500 6700 A polished stone axe head, made of black hornfels, was reported found here. It measured 11.8cm in length, 4.8cm in width and 2.4cm in thickness. It was presented to

CULLENFAD: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 107m OD; CS 54; IG 160; H 7386 5997 Trial-trenching and excavations were carried out in June 2006, along the route of the upgraded A4. Three ring ditches, 293

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND DERRYLOUGHAN: BRONZE SPEARHEAD 15m OD; CS 55; IG 161; H 9200 6340 A bronze socketed spearhead was recovered at this site, following dredging work in the Blackwater River. The blade was leaf-shaped, with bevelled edges. It measured 29.1cm in length and 3.55cm in width. The end of the tapered wooden shaft has been preserved. The spearhead is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [RS 1992.233]. TYR [Not in SMR] Ramsey et al. 1991-1992, 138-149.

Fermanagh County Museum in Enniskillen. TYR [Not in SMR] Williams and Yates 1981-1982, 188. *DERRYDRUMMOND: ASSEMBLAGE 185m OD; CS 65; IG 196; H 5732 4847 This court tomb is also known as the Giant’s Grave. This site is on a ridge aligned north/south. The tomb is also aligned north/south, with the court at the south. It comprises at least two chambers, possibly three. A possible court flanker survives to the south. Field walls run close to the site and one wall crosses between the flanker and the first definite chamber. A possible subsidiary chamber opens from the western end of the cairn. The overall length of the cairn, from the back stone to the possible flanker, measured 9.1m. The back chamber measured 2m in length and the second chamber measured 2.5m in length, 1.5m in width and located at a distance of 4m from the court flanker. This site was excavated in 1899 by Rapmund. He found five graves, urns, cremated bones, ashes and one flint tool. TYR 065:004 Pringle 1935, 6; Chart 1940, 258; OS Field Report No. 325; Evans Field Notebook VIII, 67; Corcoran 1960, Vol. 26, 142.

DERRYOGHILL: COLLECTION 20m OD; CS 62; IG 198; H 8420 5400 A number of bronze artefacts were recovered at this site, following dredging operations in the River Blackwater. These included a halberd, measuring 29.2cm in length, 6.2cm in width and 0.57cm in thickness; a flat axe head, measuring 10.25cm in length, 4.8cm in width and 0.55cm in thickness; a socketed spearhead, measuring 7.03cm in length and 2.3cm in width; a dirk, measuring 18.5cm in length, 2.73cm in width and 0.58cm in thickness and also a pair of rings. The artefacts are held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A5024, A23.1990, A24.1991, A5375 & A5374]. TYR [Not in SMR] Ramsey et al. 1991-1992, 138-149.

DERRYGALLY: LOGBOATS (3) 15m OD; CS 55; IG 180; H 8761 5908 These three dugout canoes were found in 1987/1988. No other information is currently available. TYR 055:009

DERRYTRESK: ASSEMBLAGE 10m OD; CS 47; IG 161; H 8920 6280 A bronze socketed spearhead, a socketed axe head, a spear butt and a cylindrical spear ferrule were recovered at this site, following dredging work in the River Blackwater. They have been dated to the Iron Age. The

DERRYGALLY DEMESNE: BRONZE DIRK 15m OD; CS 55; IG 180; H 8730 5850 A bronze dirk was recovered near Bond’s Bridge, following dredging work on the River Blackwater. The location is recorded as Blackwatertown. The artefact measured 59.7cm in length, 6.32cm in width and 0.8cm in thickness. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A1.1973]. TYR [Not in SMR] Ramsey et al. 1991-1992, 138-149. DERRYLOUGHAN: TIMBERS 20m OD; CS 55; IG 180; H 8903 6513 This site was discovered in an area between two peat cutting faces. It consists of several worked timbers, one of which is possibly part of a trackway. This main timber is 3.49m in length and 0.4m at its widest point. It is made from a split tree trunk. A smaller timber, 1.92m in length lay parallel to the first, immediately to the north of it. Several other smaller pieces of wood lay around and under the main timber. A nearby wooden platform was radiocarbon dated to 500 BC. TYR 055:006 DERRYLOUGHAN: LOGBOATS (2) 15m OD; CS 55; IG 161; H 9124 6283 These two dugout canoes were found in 1985. No other information is currently available. TYR 055:008

Figure 343: Derrytresk Ferrule (Not in SMR) (after Bourke and Crone 1993, 112) 294

INVENTORY spearhead had a solid midrib of oval cross-section, measuring 14cm in length and 3.5cm in width. The axe head was looped, with a splayed cutting edge, which measured 10.3cm in length and 7.45 in width. The spear butt was classified as Type 1b (Lisnacrogher) and contained the remains of the wooden shaft. The ferrule bears four alternately large and small S-shaped figures. The finds are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A5355, A5354 & A5153]. TYR [Not in SMR]. Ramsey et al. 1991-1992, 138-149; Bourke and Crone 1993, 109-113.

length, 0.43m in width and 0.75m in depth. It contained a food vessel, which was inverted over the cremated remains of an adult. TYR 051:045 Jope and Jope, 1950, 61-70; Waddell 1990, 139. DONAGHANIE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & SPEARHEAD 90m OD; CS 43; IG 138; H 4900 6800 This passage tomb is not precisely located, nor is there any local tradition of this site, within this townland. It had been noted by Wilde in1847, as consisting of a cairn, within a circle of large stones. The circle measured c.64m in diameter and contained ‘numerous sepulchral cells’. Inside these cells, two food vessels were recovered, which are now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. A large kite-shaped javelin head, in association with cremated human bone, animal bone and charcoal were also found. Wilde also noted the presence of orthostats, which were decorated with symbols, similar to those at Newgrange and Dowth. TYR 043:058 Wilde and Lloyd 1846, 163; Wilde 1857; Ó’Riordáin 1968, 163; ApSimon 1969, 61; Herity 1974, 224; Waddell 1990, 139.

DESERTCREAT: ASSEMBLAGE 92m OD; CS 38; IG 124; H 8068 7292 In October 2012, excavations were undertaken, at the site of a proposed multi-disciplinary college campus. Initial indications suggested that much of the remains were of prehistoric origin. These included a large slotdefined enclosure, measuring 16m in diameter, which was possibly of Bronze Age date; a second U-shaped enclosure; two probable post-built circular structures, which are currently undated; traces of several small burnt mound spreads; one partially wood-lined trough; the remains of two stone-built vernacular farm buildings, which are likely to be nineteenth century in origin along with numerous small pits and post holes. The artefacts recovered are mainly prehistoric in date, with struck flint dominating, but there were also several hundred sherds of prehistoric pottery. The remains of a small carved wooden bowl have also been recovered. TYR [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2012. DONACAVEY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 92m OD; CS 51; IG 156; H 4510 6290 Although this site is not precisely located, it is evident that the cist was in one of a number of low hillocks, close to the course of the Quiggery Water, which meanders around their bases. The site is surrounded on all sides by higher ground. The cist was found in 1950, during the levelling of one of the hillocks. It was made up of four slabs, set on edge with a fifth slab lining the floor. No capstone was recovered. The cist measured 0.36m in

Plate 84: Donaghanie Food Vessel (TYR 043:058) (after Cahill 2015, 28) DONAGHMORE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & BONE PIN 70m OD; CS 46; IG 160; H 7600 6500 This site has not been precisely located and there is no local information available. The site was noted as ‘a cordoned urn found with cremated bones and part of a polished bone pin.’ The urn is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 1911:326]. TYR 046:037 ApSimon 1969, 45 and 65; Waddell 1990, 139.

Figure 344: Donacavey Food Vessel (TYR 051:045) (after Jope and Jope 1950, 67) 295

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND

Figure 345: Donaghmore Urn (TYR 046:037) (after ApSimon 1969)

Figure 346: Drudgeon Bowls and Flint Knife (TYR 042:021) (after Jope and Jope 1952, 62)

DONAGHMORE: COLLECTION 70m OD; CS 46; IG 160; H 7600 6500+ Eight polished stone axes, which varied in size, a stone chisel, measuring 10.8cm in length and a flint end scraper, were found in the neighbourhood of Donaghmore. Also found was a portion of the blade of a bronze, leaf-shaped sword, which measured 38.1cm in length and 4.7cm in width. They were donated to the Armagh County Museum by Mrs Brown of Donaghmore. TYR [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 27 & 31.

DRUMASLAGHY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 92m OD; CS 59; IG 177; H 6300 5500 A collared urn was reported to have been found here, associated with cremations. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 246:1928]. TYR [Not in SMR] ApSimon 1969, 65. *DRUMCOO: BRONZE AXE HEAD 120m OD; CS 54; IG 160; H 7990 6262 In 1935 this bronze, socketed axe head was found on Castle Hill, in Dungannon on the site of the castle. It measured 7.9cm in length, 5cm in width across the blade and the socket measured 3.8cm in length and 3.1cm in width. The loop was broken. It was donated to Armagh County Museum [ACM 124-65]. TYR 054:017 Weatherup 1975, 5-24.

DROMORE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 39; IG 142; H 9000 7300 An Irish Bowl was reported to have been found here in 1912. It was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 3946]. TYR [Not in SMR] Abercromby 1912, 328; ApSimon 1969, 61. DRUDGEON: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINT KNIFE 92m OD; CS 42; IG 137; H 4196 6811 This site is close to the summit of a low knoll, which is surrounded by higher ground. Three burials were excavated in 1952. The first was in a partially stone-lined grave, which measured 1.5m in length, 0.6m in width and 1.2m in depth. It consisted of a cremation, with a single food vessel. The second was almost entirely destroyed, but was located 0.6m below the surface. It consisted of a cremation, with part of a food vessel. A heavily burnt plano-convex knife was also recovered. The third burial was located 0.15m below the surface and was covered by a flat stone. Very few bones were recovered and the bones may not have been human. Two Irish Bowls were recovered and are now in the QUB Archaeological Department collection. TYR 042:021 Jope and Jope 1952, 61-64; ApSimon 1969, 61; Waddell 1990, 139.

DRUMHONISH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 90m OD; CS 33; IG 136; H 3300 7200 This site has not been precisely located and there are no local traditions of graves or burials within this townland. There is only very scant information concerning the site, which has been recorded in Waddell, as a bowl and cremated bones found in a cist. The bowl is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 110:1934]. TYR 033:021 Waddell 1990, 139. DRUMNAFERN: ASSEMBLAGE 97m OD; CS 45; IG 178; H 7439 6024 This site was investigated, as part of the proposed corridor improvements, along the route of the A4 roadway. The monitoring of topsoil stripping initially identified a large burnt mound, which was cut by two large linear features and a possible pit. A large pit was located in the easternmost part of the site, partially sealed by burnt mound material. This feature was interpreted as a possible well and is most likely to be the earliest feature on the site. The broken 296

INVENTORY remains, of a large east/west linear wooden feature, were located to the north, partially sealed by burnt mound material. Excavation proved the feature to be a possible gangway, measuring 6.95m in length and 0.73m in width and comprising one large flat timber, which had been laid down to enable crossing boggy ground within the area. Several discarded pieces of oak timbers were located in the central parts of the site, also sealed by the burnt mound material. A number of features were discovered, within and underneath an alluvial deposit, at the centre of the site. A large, wooden vessel, placed within a subsoil cut, had been pegged into place and subsequently sealed by peat and burnt mound material. A large pit, which was surrounded by wooden stakes, was located directly north-north-east of the wooden vessel. Excavation of this feature revealed five worked wooden timbers, which lined the south-eastern edge of the pit. Approximately twenty wooden stakes, with worked faceted ends, had also been driven into the natural subsoil, south of these timbers. Finds included one complete and also one broken saddle quern, lithics and the wooden vessel. The remainder of this site consisted of burnt mound material and six associated troughs and pits. TYR [Not in SMR] Bennett 2011, 349-350.

Figure 348: Drumnakilly Urn (TYR 035:015) (after Wakeman 1872-1873)

DRUMNAKILLY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 92m OD; CS 35; IG 138; H 5316 7272 In 1872, an extensive flat cemetery was found within a sandy deposit, which had been covered by bog. Within c.30m square, ten cremation burials were found, most of which had the accompanying pottery vessel inverted. At least six of the burials were in small cists and two were unprotected pit burials. In all, a vase, eight urns, an accessory cup, a collared urn and a food vessel were found. This pottery is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 1911:340] and the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1901:67 & 69, Wk. 64]. Two of the urns were identified as encrusted urns (Kavanagh 1973, 562). There were also cup marked stones, including the floor stone of one of the cists. TYR 035:015 Wakeman 1872-1873, 499-512; OS Field Report No. 168b; ApSimon 1969, 62-64; Kavanagh 1973, 507-617; Waddell 1990, 139-140.

Figure 349: Drumnakilly Urn (TYR 035:015) (after Wakeman 1872-1873)

Figure 350: Drumnakilly Urn (TYR 035:015) (after Wakeman 1872-1873)

Figure 351: Drumnakilly Urn (TYR 035:015) (after Wakeman 1872-1873)

Figure 347: Drumnakilly Urn (TYR 035:015) (after Wakeman 1872-1873) 297

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND DRUMREAGH OTRA: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) & FLINTS 71m OD; CS 46; IG 141; H 8160 6770 Archaeological evaluation took place in 2008, in advance of the construction of forty-three dwellings, within the village of Newmills, in Coalisland. Potential archaeological deposits were noted in all the trenches excavated. Two parallel linear deposits, aligned north-west/south-east, were revealed. A small number of finds were recovered: a Western Neolithic rim sherd, a burnt flint arrowhead and one piece of worked flint. Burnt flint debitage was also found and a flint blade was recovered from the topsoil. TYR [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2008.

Figure 352: Drumnakilly Urn (TYR 035:015) (after Wakeman 1872-1873)

DUNGATE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 154m OD; CS 28; IG 107; H 6782 8084 This site, which is on the summit of a low ridge, on the northern bank of the Ballinderry River, has good views all around. Two stone cists were uncovered, during the course of gravel extraction in 1973. The first contained the disarticulated remains of an adult male and the scant remains of a three year old child. It was approximately square, measuring 0.8m in length and 0.75m in width. The remains of two food vessels were recovered. The second cist was found 2.4m to the north-east. It contained the cremated remains of an adult, who was possibly female, aged sixteen or seventeen years old and also an infant. It contained no grave goods. TYR 028:021 Waterman and Brennan 1977, 27-31; Waddell 1990, 140.

Figure 353: Drumnakilly Urn (TYR 035:015) (after Wakeman 1872-1873)

Figure 354: Drumnakilly Urn (TYR 035:015) (after Wakeman 1872-1873)

Figure 356: Dungate Bowls (TYR 028:021) (after Waterman and Brennan 1977, 29) DUNMISK: FLINTS 154m OD; CS 36; IG 139; H 6278 7070 This site was an enclosure, monastic settlement, church and graveyard, known locally as Dunmisk Fort. It was excavated between 1984 and 1986, when it was threatened by quarrying. Excavation revealed various phases of activity. It seemed likely that the site was originally a prehistoric earthwork, which subsequently became modified. It was used by an early Christian monastic community, after which it became a focal burial ground for the area, with over 500 graves. The most elaborate graves were concentrated around a bedding trench, which formed the east end of a timber building, possibly a church. There were also industrial and domestic areas. Forty-eight pieces of flint were found, including one Bann

Figure 355: Drumnakilly Urn (TYR 035:015) (after Wakeman 1872-1873) 298

INVENTORY flake, ten hollow scrapers and one knife. TYR 036:001 Ivans 1989, 17-110.

excavated in 1953 and investigated once again in 1973, in order to obtain radiocarbon dating evidence. Horizontal timbers were aligned in the mud and piles were set mainly along the northern edge. A quantity of daub and charcoal was noted and a boulder anvil stone was found at the north-east. The site consisted of a platform of brushwood, which was laid on lake peats, with a floor of horizontal timbers. A range of prehistoric artefacts have been found here. These include Mesolithic and Neolithic worked flints, a socketed bronze axe head and saddle querns. Fragments of clay moulds, which were designed for casting various artefacts, including swords, were also found. The sword moulds are now held at the Armagh County Museum. TYR 054:032 Hodges 1954, 79; Collins and Seaby 1960, 25-37; Williams and Pilcher 1978, 37-48. ESKRAGH: ASSEMBLAGE & LOGBOAT 92 m OD; CS 54; IG 160; H 7731 6166 This site is currently classified as late Bronze Age. It is located in Eskragh Lough, close to the eastern shore. The site became exposed in 1953, due to a dry summer. Embedded in the lake mud, was a linear group of almost six hundred birch and ash piles. Scattered around these were a number of saddle quern stones. A radiocarbon date of 767-414 cal. BC was obtained from one of the piles. Fifteen metres to the north-west lay a circular crannog (TYR 054:032). Evidence for domestic activity was recovered in the form of pottery, a wooden bucket and a fragment from a jet bracelet. A logboat was also recovered at Site A, providing a radiocarbon date of 370110 BC. A range of prehistoric flint artefacts, including flint tools and pottery, have been found on the lake shore. TYR 054:033 Collins and Seaby 1960, 25-37; Collins 1970, 23-36; Weatherup 1975, 5-24; Williams 1978, 37-48. Fry 2000, 5657.

Figure 357: Dunmisk Flints (TYR 036:001) (after Ivans 1989, 50) DUNNAMANAGH: BRONZE RINGS (3) 70m OD; CS 3; IG 60/61; C 4400 0300+ A bronze ring, with two inserted smaller rings, which were cast in the same mould, was reportedly found at Dunnamanagh. They were donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. TYR [Not in SMR] Mahr 1930, 73-78. EDENACRANNON: STONE AXE HEADS (11) 100m OD; CS 54; IG 160; H 7350 6100+ Eleven polished stone axe heads, of various sizes, were reported to have been found at Parkanaur Estate. They were donated to Armagh County Museum. TYR [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 32. ESKERBOY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 153m OD; CS 44; IG 153; H 6000 6900 Sherds of collared urn pottery were reported to have been found here, associated with a prehistoric settlement. They are now held at Armagh County Museum [ACM 44:1956]. TYR [Not in SMR] ApSimon 1969, 65.

Figure 358: Eskragh Flints (TYR 054:033) (after Williams and Pilcher 1978, 46)

ESKRAGH: ASSEMBLAGE 92m OD; CS 54; IG 160; H 7737 6182 This site comprises two of four monuments, located in Eskragh Lough and classified as late Bronze Age. Sites A and B are located in Eskragh townland, close to the midpoint of Eskragh Lough, near to the eastern shore. Site C is located to the north-east of the lough, in Glenadush townland and Site D is located at the north-west of the lough, in Glasmullagh townland. Sites A and B were

ESKRAGH: GOLD EAR RING 90m OD; CS 54; IG 160; H 7700 6150+ An ear ring, which measured 1.2cm in length, consisted of a loop of baked clay, covered with gold foil. It was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [281.1964]. Flanagan and Seaby 1966, 103-114. TYR [Not in SMR] Flanagan and Seaby 1966, 103-114. 299

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND was donated to Armagh County Museum [ACM 31-70]. TYR [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1975, 5-24. FAVOUR ROYAL DEMESNE: BRONZE AXE HEADS (2) 60m OD; CS 59; IG 196; H 6000 5200+ A bronze, flat axe head, which measured 13.3cm in length, 7.4cm in width and 2.2cm in thickness, was found here and donated to Armagh County Museum [ACM 33-70]. It was decorated on each face, with two rows of incised dashes, within two rows of chevrons. A second bronze flanged axe head was found. It measured 11.1cm in length, 4.4cm in width across the blade and with flanges 2.5cm in width. It was also donated to Armagh County Museum [ACM 32-70]. TYR [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1975, 5-24.

Plate 85: Eskragh Ear Ring (Not in SMR) (after Flanagan & Seaby 1966, 103-114) EVISHBRACK: FLINTS 277m OD; CS 28; IG 76; H 6891 9253 This site is located on a terrace of relatively flat ground, on the south-western slopes of Evishbrack Mountain, with superb views to the south. In the process of bog clearance, scatters of flints, a bundle of rough stakes, with their ends trimmed and one side of a sleigh, were all recovered. The area is now reclaimed and reseeded, but towards the north and upslope, some exposed bog, with traces of fir and birch forest, still survives. The concentration of finds suggests the presence of a settlement site in the vicinity. TYR 028:023 Collins 1957, 42-43.

*FEEGARRAN: FLINTS 154m OD; CS 29; IG 108; H 7664 8265 This site consists of a stone causeway, traversing the narrowest point of a small raised bog. The causeway measures approximately 56m in length and 1.35m in width. Excavation discovered no dateable finds, within the trackway. It consisted of three main phases of construction. The earliest, a fragile birch trackway, a boulder built causeway and lastly a heavy timber trackway. The stone phase was made up of gabbro boulders, which were bound together with turf sods. On a hill slope, several fields away to the north, one hundred and twenty flint flakes were found within a circle, which measured 6m in diameter. TYR 029:039

Figure 359: Evishbrack Arrowhead (TYR 028:023) (after Collins 1957, 43)

FEEGARRAN: STONE AXE HEAD 154m OD; CS 29; IG 108; H 7725 8223 A stone axe head was found on this spot, many years ago, in the area close to a wedge tomb (Feegarran TYR 029:014). TYR 029:059

FARSNAGH: GOLD BULLA 15m OD; CS 40; IG 126; H 9600 7500+ This is a heart-shaped object, with a lead core and thin sheet gold decoration. It was reported to have been found at Ardboe. TYR [Not in SMR] Waddell 1998, 250.

FEEGARRAN: FLINTS 154m OD; CS 29; IG 108; H 7663 8235 This site is on a terrace of flat land, overlooking the course of the Clogherry Burn, which flows to the west. The site has restricted views, except to the west. Four or five pieces of worked and unworked flakes have been identified in the area, in the course of fieldwalking over the years. They are in the collection of local amateur archaeologist, Mr. J. Brennan, who lives in this townland. Monitoring of topsoil removal was carried out, on a site to the west of where the flints were found, but nothing of archaeological significance was uncovered [G&L 2008]. TYR 029:060 FEROY: STONE ADZE 75m OD; CS 46; IG 141; H 7800 6800 A fragment of a polished stone adze, made from porcellanite, was reported as found here. It measured 3.5cm in length, 3.8cm in width and 1.3cm in thickness. It was presented to Fermanagh County Museum in Enniskillen.

Figure 360: Farsnagh Bulla (Not in SMR) (after Waddell 1998, 250) FAVOUR ROYAL DEMESNE: STONE AXE HEAD 60m OD; CS 59; IG 196; H 6000 5200+ A polished stone axe head, measuring 9.8cm in length, 6cm in width and 3.1cm in thickness, was found here. It 300

INVENTORY TYR [Not in SMR] Williams and Yates 1981-1982, 188.

so the findspot could be in either. The knife was a thin, parallel-sided blade of opaque grey flint. It has been attributed to the early Bronze Age. TYR [Not in SMR] Collins 1950, 43.

GARGADIS: ASSEMBLAGE 92m OD; CS 49; IG 174; H 3042 5760 This site was reported by O’Gorman in 1868, where he describes ‘a man digging in a field on the side of a mountain in the county Tyrone, came upon what he called a trench, the sides and top of which were formed of large stones’. There was nothing inside except a layer of ‘dark coloured dust’, in which was found a bronze pin with two thick bronze rings on it, two large rings of bronze, four smaller bronze rings and a cast bronze object. The finds have been referred to as the Trillick Hoard and are now held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [1927/2925]. The article describes the land being farmed by Mr Crawford of Trillick. A food vessel was also found. TYR 049:028 O’Gorman 1868, 164-168; Hodges 1957, 51-63.

GARGADIS: STONE AXE HEADS (5) 90m OD; CS 56; IG 174; H 3050 5750+ Five porcellanite axe heads were found near Trillick. They are now held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [AM 1927. 4508-4512]. TYR [Not in SMR] Jope et al. 1952, 31-60. GARVAGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 90m OD; CS 46; IG 160; H 7600 6600 This site has not been precisely located and there is no local information available. A bowl was found with cremated bone, but no other details are currently available. TYR 046:038 Weatherup 1978, 45; Waddell 1990, 140. GLASMULLAGH: SADDLE QUERN 92m OD; CS 54; IG 104; H 7710 6201 This site is close to the western shore of Eskragh Lough, although location is not precise. It has been classified as late Bronze Age. A linear group of piles, measuring 15m in length and 5m in width, was noted. Appearing as vertical stumps, projecting out of the peaty lake bed, the pile formed a group similar to, although smaller than TYR 054:033. A number of fragments from a saddle-quern were recovered, as well as some sherds of brown glazed pottery. TYR 054:034 Williams 1978, 37-48.

Figure 361: Gargadis Bronze Pin (TYR 049:028) (after O’Gorman 1868, 164)

GLENCHUIL: BRONZE ARROWHEAD 185m OD; CS 52; IG 177; H 5845 5956 The findspot for this artefact is in a field, which forms the west-facing slope of a low drumlin. The artefact remains in the possession of the farmer at Ballynasaggart Farm (TYR 059:085). The find was recovered, close to the edge of a low drumlin, which was near to the edge of the old Ballygawley/Omagh Road, when drainage works were carried out in the field. As the road has been widened considerably, it is probable that the exact site of discovery has been destroyed. TYR 052:039

Figure 362: Gargadis Cast Bronze Object (TYR 049:028) (after O’Gorman 1868, 165)

GLENCHUIL: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 92m OD; CS 52; IG 177; H 6000 5900 This site is on the crest of a glacial ridge, which forms the western bank of the stream flowing north/south through Sess Kilgreen. There are good views to the east and south, but elsewhere there is steeply rising ground. The site is now destroyed, following excavation, during the removal of sand and gravel, in the construction of Glenchuil PE school playground. The burial was discovered in 1959, protruding from an eroding face of sand and gravel, with no indication of a cist. Two pots were recovered, one of which was a 30cm high vase urn with incised decoration

GARGADIS: FLINT KNIFE 90m OD; CS 56; IG 174; H 3050 5750+ A flint knife was found ‘near Trillick’ and became part of the Evans Collection at the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford [AM 1927.4516]. Trillick is not a townland name, but the village lies in Gargadis and Stranagummer townlands, 301

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND and the other unidentifiable. The cremated remains of one individual were found at this site. TYR 052:036 Gillespie 1962, 72-74; ApSimon 1969, 64; Waddell 1990, 142.

needle.’ There is confusion over the position of this site on County Sheet TYR 11. According to Davies, the findspot for the cists was Ordnance Survey 11, 21.5” east, 10” south. The area marked on the map is correct for the east, but not for the south reading. Interestingly, the area located by the above readings, which appears to be the correct location for the cists, consists of a pronounced hillock, which is now covered with trees. TYR 011:021 Davies 1939, 36; OS Field Report No. 37A; Waddell 1990, 140. *GLENGEEN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 185m OD; CS 57; IG 175; H 3713 5688 This multiple cist cairn is located on a localised flat area, with gently sloping ground, which faces north. Views to the north, north-east and west are superb, but are limited elsewhere. The site, which was ‘explored’ in 1854, is now totally overgrown, making it impossible to discern features. An Ordnance Survey description in 1984 classified it as a circular cairn, with small chambers or large cists around the perimeter, of which only two survive. The central area had been dug out and several large structural stones had fallen. The 1854 excavation found worked flint, calcined bone and pot sherds. TYR 057:014 Wakeman 1879-1882, 258-259; Chart 1940, 250; OS Field Report No. 277a.

Plate 86: Glenchuil Urn (TYR 052:036) (after Gillespie 1962, 73) GLENCOPPOGAGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 220m OD; CS 11; IG 89; H 4700 9200 This townland consists of a spur of steeply sloping ground, which juts out to the south from the side of Crocknaree. It is defined to the west by the Letterbrat Burn and to the east by an unnamed burn, which flows into the Glenelly River to the south. There is no local knowledge of this site, in which sherds of a bowl and some fragments of cremated bone had been preserved. TYR 011:031 Waddell 1990, 140.

GLENROAN: DECORATED STONE 123m OD; CS 12; IG 90; H 5384 9101 This is a large schist stone, of capstone proportions. There is a cupmark on the upper surface, at the eastern end. The stone measures 2.1m in length, 1.4m in width and 0.6m in thickness. The cup mark measures 0.2m in diameter and 0.07m deep. TYR 012:021 Chart 1940, 218-219.

GLENCULL: ASSEMBLAGE 62m OD; CS 60; IG 197; H 6839 5290 Sand quarrying in autumn 1955 led to the destruction of a rath, which was on the summit of a ridge, with fine views all around. Local information recorded the site as consisting of a circular earthen platform, measuring 60m in diameter, defined by a scarp 1.5m in height, with no visible bank or ditch. Excavation later proved the presence of the ditch. Finds from the rath included fragments of a Bronze Age pot, which was possibly a cordoned urn. It contained the cremated remains of one adult male and also two pieces of worked flint. Excavation of the ditch silts uncovered fragments of sheet bronze, which were attached to a small disc, with an amber hemisphere at its centre. Also found were a bronze pin, part of a brooch and fragments of animal bone. The rath has been completely destroyed. TYR 060:027 Collins 1960, 78-79; Waddell 1990, 140.

GOLAN: POTTERY (UNCLASSIFIED) 123m OD; CS 53; IG 104; H 6554 5801 This site was investigated, prior to road improvements along the A4. It comprised a small settlement, which consisted of two slot trenches, approximately thirty post holes, around six pits and several hundred stake holes, as well as a number of longer, narrow, linear features. Parts of three larger boundary ditches and a possible smaller one crossed the site. A small isolated group of two medium-sized pits and also parts of a possible further slot trench, extending north-west/south-east, were discovered near the eastern limit of the site. One of the pits contained prehistoric pottery, possibly linking the cluster of features, with the main settlement area. TYR [Not in SMR] Bennett 2011, 353-354. GOREY: FLINT ARROWHEAD 107m OD; CS 53; IG 178; H 7159 6124 This site was investigated, as part of improvements to the A4 road between Dungannon and Ballygawley. The site was located at the edge of a boggy area, which measured

GLENGA: STONE BEADS & BONE PIN 215m OD; CS 11; IG 74; H 4940 9300 According to Davies, cists ‘found years ago…yielded cremated bones, stone beads and a perforated bone 302

INVENTORY c.30m in length and 30m in width. Three separate spreads of burnt mound material were uncovered, in the central parts of the area. A possible Neolithic flint arrowhead was discovered, at the southern edge of one of the spreads. A group of five medium to small pits, containing large amounts of charcoal, were excavated uphill, at the northeastern corner of the site. These were preliminarily interpreted as rubbish pits. TYR [Not in SMR] Bennett 2011, 354-355.

ApSimon 1969, 61; Kavanagh 1973, 507-617; Waddell 1990, 141. GORTMELLAN: STONE AXE HEAD 31m OD; CS 2; IG 48; C 4131 0655 This item has been classified as Neolithic in date. It is located on a flat terrace of land, overlooking, to the west, the steeply sided valley of a tributary of the Burn Dennet River. Higher ground rises to the east. A fragment of an axe-head, of highly polished dark blue-grey stone, was recovered some years ago. The fragment consisted of the blade end of an axe, which measured 5cm at its greatest width and 1cm in thickness. TYR 002:039

GORTAGOWAN: WOODEN CAULDRON 80m OD; CS 38; IG 124; H 8000 7150+ A carved wooden cauldron was reported to have been found at Gartagowan [sic.]. It has carved cylindrical lug handles at the shoulder of the vessel. It is thought to date to the early Iron Age. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. TYR [Not in SMR] Earwood 1989-1990, 37-44.

GORTMELLAN: SADDLE QUERNS (2) 30m OD; CS 2; IG 48; C 4144 0654 This is the findspot of two saddle querns. No further details are available at present. TYR 002:040 GORTNAGARN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 185m OD; CS 37; IG 140; H 6700 7100+ Although not precisely located, this site, which consisted of a cist containing an urn, a vase and cremated bone, was noted as being discovered c.1940 in a quarry. The pottery is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 6:1940]. TYR 037:049 ApSimon 1969, 63; Waddell 1970, 131; Waddell 1990, 141. GRANGE: POTTERY (UNCLASSIFIED) & FLINTS 92m OD; CS 59; IG 124; H 6335 5666 This site was investigated, as part of the proposed road improvements along the A4. Two shallow, charcoal-rich pits, cut by a modern plough furrow, were located in the north-western part of the site. Excavation revealed lithics and prehistoric pottery. An irregular cluster of ten stake holes was located to the south, while the truncated remains of a post-medieval wall foundation were located in the western central parts of the site. Finds included prehistoric pottery and three flint blades, as well as debitage. These finds came exclusively from the two pits. The features did not form a discernible pattern. TYR [Not in SMR] Bennett 2011, 355.

Plate 87: Gortagowan Wooden Cauldron (Not in SMR) (after Earwood 1989-1990, 41) GORTICRUM IRISH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 92m OD; CS 5; IG 60; C 4000 0000 The townland consists of a series of glacial ridges, which run south-east/north-west through the area. There was no local information available, concerning the discovery of a cist burial, which was first reported in the 1870s. The cist consisted of a ‘stone coffin’, which contained a bowl and an anomalous pot at one end, with cremated bone at the other. A single sherd of a collared urn was found outside the cist. The pottery is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1906:235 & 255]. TYR 005:021 ApSimon 1969, 61 & 64; Waddell 1990, 140.

INISHATIVE: WOODEN BUCKET 185m OD; CS 45; IG 139; H 6450 6900 Fragments of a two-piece wooden bucket, which had been found intact in a bog, were reported to have been found 3 miles [4.8km] south-east of Carrickmore. The bucket had been made from a solid alder trunk. It measured 45cm in height and between 1.8cm and 2.4cm in thickness. It was radiocarbon dated to 831-412 cal. BC. The fragments were donated to Fermanagh County Museum in Enniskillen. TYR [Not in SMR] Williams 1983, 150-151.

GORTIN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 170m OD; CS 18; IG 105; H 4900 8500 Although not precisely located, this site consisted of a cist, which contained an inhumation burial, with two bowls and a sherd of a Cordoned Urn. Waddell (1990) records this burial as cremated bones. The pottery is held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI S.A.1898:1a-c & R.213]. TYR 018:051 303

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND first century BC and the fourth century AD. The bowl is currently held at Armagh County Museum [ACM 193551]. TYR [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1982, 70 & 66; Earwood 1989-1990, 37-44.

Figure 364: Killeeshil Bowl (Not in SMR) (after Weatherup 1982, 66) KILLUCAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 170m OD; CS 28; IG 107; H 6850 8019 This is an area of improved land, with good views to the north, but higher ground to the south. There are no visible remains of this site, noted as being situated c.130m north of the wedge tomb TYR 028:008. Chart described it as consisting of ‘a long cairn orientated N/S, 18ft [5.5m] wide by c.62ft [19.1m]; 3 corner peristalith stones survive.’ A number of the field boundaries to the north of TYR 028:008 are composed of very large stones. It is possible that the cairn was removed and the stones reused. Two cists containing urn burials were found at this site. According to Waddell (1990), one cist held an encrusted urn, which was inverted and contained an ‘openwork’ cup and cremated bones. The other cist yielded a vase urn, inverted and containing cremated bones. Some of the finds are now held at the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh [NMAE, ED-2, ED-5]. TYR 028:035 Abercromby 1912; Chart 1940, 233; ApSimon 1969; Waddell 1990, 141.

Figure 363: Inishative Bucket (Not in SMR) (after Williams 1983, 150) KILCLAY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 70m OD; CS 59; IG 196; H 5750 5350 This site was reported by Chambré, who stated that workmen at a gravel quarry, uncovered a cist burial, which was located approximately 1m below ground level. The cist contained a damaged urn. The urn ‘was lying partly on its side with its mouth upwards. It contained cremated bones intermixed with charcoal.’ Two other ‘similar graves were found…devoid of pottery or bones.’ Fragments of the urn were presented to the Armagh County Museum [ACM 35:1941]. TYR [Not in SMR] Chambré 1941, 112; Waddell 1990, 141.

KILLYBRACKEN: BRONZE HORNS 80m OD; CS 54; IG 160; H 7750 6050+ It was reported that ‘several bronze trumpets were dug up in the year 1842, in a meadow in the townland of Killybreckan, parish of Clonfeacle (County Armagh,) at a depth of about two feet [0.6cm] from the surface’ (MacAdam 1860, 103). They were reported to be in the possession of the Countess of Ranfurly. Killybracken townland is located in County Tyrone, but is in the parish of Clonfeacle, so this is probably the location referred to. TYR [Not in SMR] MacAdam 1860, 99-110.

KILLADROY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 92m OD; CS 51; IG 157; H 5160 6260 The field, in which the cists were discovered, is located on the north-western slope of a dome topped drumlin. The land slopes quite steeply down from the south-east. No visible remains were observed. Waddell (1990) recorded a bowl, a flat stone, which was possibly a lid and cremated bones found inside a cist. The bowl is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 148.1933]. TYR 051:046 OS Field Report No. 264b; ApSimon, 1969, 61; Waddell 1970, 131; 1990, 141.

KILLYCURRAGH: BRONZE AXE HEAD 100m OD; CS 35; IG 138; H 5100 7300+ A bronze axe head was reported to have been found in Keeran Bann Bog, near Drumnakilly in 1938. It was found during turf-cutting at a depth of six feet [1.84m] from the surface. It was described as a ‘stop-celt’ of bronze yellow colour, with ‘one or two cracks’. This would now be termed a palstave axe head. TYR [Not in SMR] Davies 1940, 205-206.

KILLEESHIL: WOODEN BOWL 150m OD; CS 53; IG 178; H 6800 6000+ A carved wooden bowl was reported to have been found here. It had triangular shaped, flat handles at each end, which were pierced with a centrally-placed hole. It was oval-shaped, 68.5cm in length, 58.4cm in width and 20.3cm in height. It is thought to date to between the 304

INVENTORY KILNAHUSOGUE: HAMMER STONE 190m OD; CS 58; IG 176; H 4950 5600+ A hammer stone, measuring10.1cm in length, 5cm in width and 3.1cm in thickness, with a central hole measuring 2.8cm in diameter, was found here. It was donated to Armagh County Museum [ACM 42-63]. TYR [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1975, 5-24. KILSAMPSON: BRONZE PIN 32m OD; CS 67; IG 217; H 7526 4521 This bronze pin, which measured 6.6cm in length and terminating in a flat, rectangular head, was found at Kilsampson Crannog. This crannog is prominently marked on the 1609 Bodley map, with a small castle or tower house. The site is associated with Henrie Oge McHenrie O’Neill, at the beginning of the seventeenth century. O’Donovan (1835) describes it as ‘a small island covered with trees’. He describes the former site of the lake, as a low marsh in which ‘many swords and other military weapons were discovered during drainage’. The lake is now a very wet marsh, fenced off from the surrounding fields. A little south of the centre is a roughly circular area of firmer ground, which is locally believed to be the crannog. The pin was donated to Armagh County Museum [ACM 82-68]. TYR 067:008 Weatherup 1975, 5-24.

Figure 365: Killycurragh Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Davies 1940, 206) KILLYMOON DEMESNE: ASSEMBLAGE 62m OD; CS 29; IG 124; H 8277 7713 This site consisted of an area of uncut turf, in a field, which has now returned to pasture. Archaeological remains have been found close to the present surface. Finds included pottery, a saddle quern, woven material, hair (possibly human), a socketed late Bronze Age axe head, spindle whorls, worked flint and polished stone axes. The finds were discovered, in and around, what appears to be a series of burnt mounds on bases of clay, under the raised bog. Also found on this site were a gold dress fastener and bracelet. Similar items had been found on this site, during the nineteenth century and are now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 234-239A.1967]. TYR 029:066

KINKIT: BONE BUTTON & PIN 92m OD; CS 16; IG 87; H 3219 8862 This site is on a terrace of flat ground, on the east-facing hill slope, with good views to the north, east and south. This site was totally excavated, in advance of building in 1973. It was found to contain a cist, aligned north/south, which was divided into two compartments. The eastern part measured 0.5m in length and 0.23m in width and was filled to the top with cremated bone and soil. The smaller western compartment measured 0.54m in length, 0.28m in width at one end and 0.18m at the other. It was also full of soil and cremated bone. A bone button and a bone pin came from one compartment. Both cremations were of young adults. The charcoal was radiocarbon dated to 360 BC – AD 550. TYR 016:055 Glover 1975, 150-155; Waddell 1990, 141.

KILLYNEILL: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 60m OD; CS 54; IG 160; H 8100 6100 Although not precisely located, the site consisted of two cordoned urns found c.1m apart within a gravel pit. According to Waddell, they were both inverted and in pits with cremations. One urn contained a small, flat, roughly oval, double perforated, bone object. Finds are held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 1926:5-6] and the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. TYR 054:044 Anon. (possibly Walmsley) 1926, 60; ApSimon 1969, 65; Waddell 1990, 141.

**KNOCKMANY: ASSEMBLAGE 215m OD; CS 59; IG 176; H 5469 5590 This is also known as Annia’s Cove. This is on the summit of Knockmany Hill, with superb views over the Clogher Valley. The covering cairn of this passage tomb is modern, having been added in 1959 to prevent the decorated stones from weathering and also to protect the monument from vandalism. Excavation revealed a stone cairn capped with earth and within a stone revetment, which originally covered the burial chamber. The passage is absent, but the stones forming the chamber are decorated with characteristic passage grave art, including circles, zigzags and spirals. They represent some of the best examples of this art in Northern Ireland. The burial chamber is off-

KILMASCALLY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 23m OD; CS 40; IG 126; H 9600 7500 A sherd from a collared urn, associated with cremations, was reported to have been found here. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. TYR [Not in SMR] ApSimon 1969, 65.

305

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND *LEGLAND: ASSEMBLAGE 123m OD; CS 25; IG 120; H 3613 7963 This is a court tomb, which is located south-west of an area of forest, on a south-facing slope. It has been disturbed by recent stone walls and the rubble from field clearances. However, the upright slopes of large side stones are clearly visible, with some thorns and shrubs growing around and between the stones. The site is aligned approximately east/west and consists of large slabs, which have been set on end into the ground. There are quite a few large stones in the general area. A few may be from the site, but most are clearance features. The cremated remains of one individual were recovered in 1940. A large assemblage of finds was recovered, including a range of pottery and flint tools. These artefacts are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. TYR 025:016 Chart 1940, 230; Chambré 1940, 206-207; De Valera 1960, 111; Herity 1982, 337 and 1987, 237-239.

centre within the cairn, measuring 4.2m in length and 2.1m in width. The mound now has a diameter of 15m at the summit, with the surrounding kerb measuring 24m in diameter. Limited excavation revealed some burnt bone, a few flints and fragments of quartz. TYR 059:001 OS Memoir Clogher, 1833-1835, 65; Wakeman 1876-1878, 95-106; Chart 1940, 253-254; Collins and Waterman 1952, 26-30; Collins 1960, 2-6. KNOCKMANY: HORSE TACK 200m OD; CS 59; IG 176; H 5450 5550+ A complete example of an Iron Age bronze Y-shaped pendant, which is designed as an attachment for a horse harness, was reported to have been found here. It is thought the pendant would have been part of a set of harnesses for a pair of horses to be attached to a chariot or cart. TYR [Not in SMR] Warner 2002, 37-42. KNOCKNACLOY: BRONZE SWORD 30m OD; CS 61; IG 198; H 7830 5240 This leaf-shaped bronze sword was recovered, following dredging work in the River Blackwater. It measured 67.3cm in length and 6cm in width. It has been attributed to Eogan’s Class 3 classification. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [RS 1991.131]. TYR [Not in SMR] Ramsey at al. 1991-1992, 138-149. KNOCKROE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 62m OD; CS 10; IG 88; H 3657 8965 This cist was excavated in 1987. It was rectangular in shape and aligned north-east/south-west. It measured 0.73m in length, 0.46m in width and 0.45m in depth. The floor was paved with three closely fitted stone slabs. An intact vase urn was found inverted over a large quantity of cremated bone. This proved to be the remains of five individuals: an adult male under forty years old, an adolescent about sixteen years old, probably female and three young children approximately two, three and four years old. This probably represented a family unit, overtaken by some catastrophe. A plano-convex knife and flint blade were also found. TYR 010:015 Williams 1988, 85-90.

Figure 366: Legland Flints (TYR 025:016) (after Herity 1987, 278) LETTERY: STONE AXE HEAD 150m OD; CS 41; IG 155; H 2950 6550+ A porcellanite stone axe head was found in a bog at Lettery. It measured 12.4cm in length, 7cm in width and 2.4cm in thickness. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 79.1963]. TYR [Not in SMR] Lucas 1968, 7-27. LETTERY: FLINT ARROWHEAD 150m OD; CS 41; IG 155; H 2950 6550+ A flint barbed and tanged arrowhead was found at Lettery, while digging turf. The arrowhead was purchased by the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A127.1966]. TYR [Not in SMR] Flanagan et al. 1968, 33-52. LISBEG: ASSEMBLAGE 86m OD; CS 59; IG 177; H 6281 5681 This site was investigated, during the construction of an A5 road re-alignment scheme, to the south-west of Ballygawley. At the north-western edge, around five medium-sized pits were discovered, containing charcoal and several flint flakes. A circular slot trench was enclosed by a concentric palisade slot trench, 6m to the west, which contained wood poorly preserved in situ. Finds included lithics and prehistoric pottery. Also

Plate 88: Knockroe Urn (TYR 010:015) (after Williams 1988, 87) 306

INVENTORY uncovered, were three spreads of burnt material, located at the base of a south-western facing slope, on both sides of a north-western flowing stream. Finds included a large assemblage of flints and possible slag. On a south-eastern facing slope, a cluster of curvilinear and linear features, pits, post and stake holes, was uncovered. The curvilinear ditch was U-shaped in plan, enclosing a concentric arrangement of stake holes and pits. The ditch was cut by two east/west running gullies, one of which contained prehistoric pottery. A large pit was located to the south of the ditch. It was found to contain a saddle quern. To the east of the ditch, a cluster of large pits was found to contain charcoal-rich fills and burnt bone. Other features included a cluster of curvilinear and linear features, a pit, stake holes and linear slot trenches. Finds included burnt bone, lithics and prehistoric pottery. TYR [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2008.

the British Museum in London [BM 1885, 7-12, 13]. TYR [Not in SMR] ApSimon 1969, 66. *LOUGHASH: ASSEMBLAGE 154m OD; CS 6; IG 61; C 5162 0130 This site is also known as Cashelbane. On the northern side of a small valley, this wedge tomb is orientated to the south-south-west. It consists of two portals, leading into a gallery. The back capstone of the gallery is in situ, but others are gone. There is outer walling on both sides. It measured 7.2m in length, 3.5m in width at the front and 2.2m in width at the back. When excavated by Davies, it had a round cairn measuring 55m in diameter. That cairn had once been 1.5m above the capstone, but had been removed about fifty years before, when many urns were found. Finds included flints, burnt bone and sherds of food vessels. The pottery is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. TYR 006:002 Davies and Mullin 1940, 143-163; Chart 1940, 215; OS Field Report No. 25; Evans Field Notebook I, 30-31; ApSimon 1969, 61.

*LISLANE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 154m OD; CS 58; IG 176; H 4689 5597 On level ground overlooking the Glenamuck River, surrounded by drumlin ridges limiting the view, the site consists of the jumbled remains of a wedge tomb, excavated in about 1900. It is orientated north-east/ south-west and measured 8.1m in length. The façade has been mutilated and its original breadth is lost. It presently consists of two large uprights, 1.1m in height, side by side. There is a rough indication of two disturbed chambers, outlined by some small uprights and fallen stones. A surrounding cairn or spoil heap is 12.7m in width. An encrusted urn was reported to have been found here and is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 4182.K4]. TYR 058:037 Chart 1940, 251-252; Kavanagh 1973, 507-617.

*LOUGHASH: ASSEMBLAGE 185m OD; CS 6; IG 61; C 4834 0086 This site is also known as the Giant’s Grave. On a hilltop, sloping down to the south, this tomb is enclosed by a wedge-shaped cairn. The entrance, which faces west, has a split-portal arrangement and an antechamber. The overall length of the cairn measured 10m, 4m in width at the back and 7.5m in width at the front. The gallery and antechamber measured 6.5m in length and 1.7m in width. Excavation of the site uncovered several artefacts within the gallery. Towards the front, was a broken schist mould, which was designed for casting palstave axe heads and at the back, part of a bronze blade was discovered. Sherds from four beakers and five other pots were found, with flint flakes. There was some charcoal and cremated bone, representing perhaps three individuals. The main burial was located in a pit, towards the back of the gallery. Finds are currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 160.A-I.1944]. TYR 006:024 Davies 1939, 254-268; Chart 1940, 216; OS Field Report No. 23; Evans Field Notebook I, 32-33; ApSimon 1969, 62; Kavanagh 1973, 507-617.

Figure 367: Lislane Urn (TYR 058:037) (after Kavanagh 1873, 607) LISNACREAGHT: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 92m OD; CS 11; IG 74; H 4800 9100 A miniature accessory cup, also known as a pygmy cup, was reported to have been found at Plumbridge. It was described as a bipartite cup (ApSimon). It is now held at

Plate 89: Loughash Pots (TYR 006:024) (after Davies 1939) 307

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND LOUGHASH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 185m OD; CS 6; IG 61; C 5030 0190 On a terrace of flat land, which overlooks an extensive area of low-lying marsh to the north, this site is backed by gently rising high ground. There are no surface remains of the site, which consisted of a stone lined cist, which had once been covered with a flat slab. The cist contained a small food vessel, which was etched with vertical lines of decoration, with a band of horizontal decoration, containing small perforations around the middle. The underside of the base was also decorated. The food vessel is now held at Armagh County Museum. TYR 006:033 Davies and Mullin 1940, 144 and fig. 1; Waddell 1990, 142.

goods. The cist was then filled with sand, the capstone replaced and covered over. The food vessel is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [L27:1940]. TYR 038:030 Evans 1941, 145-148; Waddell 1990, 142. LOUGHRY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 31m OD; CS 38; IG 124; H 8100 7400 Although the site has not been precisely located, this cist was discovered c.1853. It consisted of a stone chamber, measuring c.76cm in length, 51cm in width and 51cm in depth and orientated east/west. At the bottom of the cist was a 17cm thick layer of ‘dust and fragments of bones’, apparently cremated. At the eastern end of this cist, a small pot was discovered and described as ‘so soft that it broke into pieces on being handled.’ TYR 038:036 Kinahan 1872-1873, 204; Waddell 1990, 142.

*LOUGHRY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 38; IG 124; H 8124 7487 This is a wedge tomb, also known as the Giant’s Grave. On the summit of a glacial knoll, this wedge tomb comprises a rectangular gallery measuring 7.6m in length and 1.5m in width, formed by eleven limestone side stones, orientated east/west, with a single back stone at the east. Two large capstones remain in situ, resting on the first two matching pairs of side stones. Outer walling is attested to by three stones at the north and one at the south. The remains of a façade at the west may be interpreted from these three stones. There is no trace of a cairn. An Irish Bowl and another ‘half the size’ were reported to have been found here and are now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast. TYR 038:020 Kinahan 1872-1873, 201-205; Chart 1940, 239; OS Field Report No. 191; Evans Field Notebook IX, 46; ApSimon 1969, 61.

LOUGHRY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 31m OD; CS 38; IG 124; H 8100 7400 A food vessel and flints, which included two arrow heads, were found in a sand pit during the nineteenth century. The site cannot now be located. TYR 038:037 LOUGHRY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 31m OD; CS 38; IG 124; H 8100 7400 Although not precisely located, this site was discovered in 1800, on top of an old mound of earth called the moat. It contained a cist, which held a food vessel and cremated bones. The cist measured 1.22m in length and 0.9m in width. TYR 038:043 ApSimon 1969; Waddell 1990, 142.

LOUGHRY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 62m OD; CS 38; IG 124; H 8116 7484 This site was on one of a number of summits, comprising an esker ridge, extending north-east/south-west, with unrestricted views all around. However, there are no visible remains of the site, which Evans excavated in 1941. It was found to consist of a stone cist, which measured 0.65m in length, 0.6m in width and 0.6m in depth. It was covered by a large capstone, which measured 1.5m in length and 0.75m in width. Excavation of the cist revealed the remains of one young male inhumation, with a single, complete, decorated food vessel as grave

*LOUGHRY: ASSEMBLAGE 77m OD; CS 38; IG 124; H 8139 7498 Archaeological investigation took place at this site, in advance of development in 2003. A large enclosure, delineated by a ditch, with an external diameter of 44m, was uncovered. Approximately one tenth was investigated, as the development was re-aligned to allow for preservation in situ. The ditch was found to measure 5m in width and 1.5m in depth. A large quantity of artefacts, which included struck flints, early Bronze Age pottery and both burnt and unburnt bone, was recovered. Also uncovered, was a circular house, which measured 8m in diameter. It had been constructed with a wall slot and external drip trench. Finds from the site date to the Bronze Age, suggesting it is contemporary with the ring ditch. Various other pits and stake-holed features were also uncovered, throughout the development site. The unexcavated portion of the ring ditch is scheduled. TYR 038:047 Bennett 2006, 487-488. LOWER MULLAN: BRONZE AXE HEAD 10m OD; CS 31; IG 126; H 9560 8110 This bronze flat axe head was reported to have been found in the bed of the Ballinderry River, where it enters Lough Neagh. It was acquired by the Ministry of Finance.

Figure 368: Loughry Bowl (TYR 038:030) (after Evans 1941) 308

INVENTORY LURGY: FLESH HOOK 60m OD; CS 46; IG 141; H 8250 7050+ A flesh hook, similar to that found at Dunaverney in County Antrim, was reported to have been recovered in the townland of Lurgy, close to Dungannon. It was described as being similar to the Dunaverney (County Antrim) flesh hook ‘with the exception of the rings and birds’. It measured 68.5cm in length. TYR [Not in SMR] Armstrong 1924, 117.

TYR [Not in SMR] Collins 1964, 59-61.

Figure 369: Lower Mullan Axe Head (after Collins 1964, 59) Figure 370: Lurgy Flesh Hook (Not in SMR) (after Armstrong 1924, 117)

LURGANBOY: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 154m OD; CS 44; IG 158; H 6317 6506 On land sloping down to the north-east, towards the Cloghfin River, this site consisted of a simple unlined pit, measuring approximately 0.9m in depth, dug into soil and covered with a capstone. The pit contained the remains of at least one pottery vessel and some cremated bone. There is some discrepancy between the written report on file and the memory of the farmer, who was a child at the time of discovery. The written record described the capstone as 2ft [0.62m] square, while he recalled it as 5ft [1.5m] by 2ft [0.62m]. He also believed that the pot was intact and not in sherds, when it was found. TYR 044:051 Weatherup 1978, 49; Waddell 1990, 142.

MACCRACKENS: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 20m OD; CS 5; IG 60; C 3780 0180 A number of cist burials have been reported form this townland throughout the years, leading to the suggestion that there may have been a flat cemetery in this area. A cist, which was found in 1863, contained two vases with cremated bone. About six years later, another cist was uncovered, containing one vase and some bone. In 1882, the fragments of two vases were found under some stones in the townland of ‘Leck’ (possibly Leckpatrick). About 2.7m to the east, a cist was found, extending east/ west, 0.58m in length, 0.64m in width and 0.36m in depth, with cremated bone and pot sherds (EH, 1993). Further research revealed that these cists were found not in the townland of Leckpatrick, but in MacCrackens townland, which was located in the Parish of Leckpatrick (CJD, 1993). Two pots are currently held at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford [AM 1959:278-279] and two others are held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1882:233 & 233a]. TYR 005:022 Geoghegan 1863, 304 and 1870, 29; Waddell 1970, 132; ApSimon 1969, 62; Waddell 1990, 141-142.

LURGANBOY: ASSEMBLAGE 154m OD; CS 44; IG 158; H 6278 6487 A ring barrow was found, during topsoil stripping, in advance of development work on Black Hill. The ditch maintained a concave profile throughout. A flint end scraper was found within its fill. A rectangular arrangement of stones, in the interior of the barrow, contained cremated material. This was sited to the south-west of the centre of the barrow. A small amount of cremated bone was recovered from the surface and from within the cracks, between an arrangement of stones. A small copper alloy artefact was also recovered from within this material. The cremated bone was too small and fragmentary for osteological analysis, but was radiocarbon dated 1624-1452 BC (3266 +/- 36 BP), placing it firmly in the middle Bronze Age. The copper alloy artefact was so badly degraded that a definite identification has not been possible, although a razor was suggested. The few features uncovered, which predate the ring barrow, appear to have been connected with the first use of the site for burial purposes, as there were small quantities of cremated bone and a few sherds of vase food vessels. TYR 044:058 O’Regan. 2011.

Figure 371: Maccrackens Urn (TYR 005:022) (after Geoghegan 1863) 309

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND MAGHERACOLTAN: BRONZE AXE HEAD 92m OD; CS 17; IG 104; H 3620 8620 This axe head was found by a farmer, Mr Kelso, in a rut, which led from the farmyard to an adjacent field. It was a roughly made looped socketed bronze axe head. It has been attributed to the late Bronze Age. It was in the possession of the owner in 1974. TYR [Not in SMR] Lynn 1973-1974, 98.

MILLBERRY: STONE AXE HEAD 60m OD; CS 67; IG 217; H 7450 4500+ A polished stone axe head, which measured 14.6cm in length, 8.8cm in width and 2.5cm in thickness, was found here. It was donated to Armagh County Museum [ACM 75-68]. TYR [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1975, 5-24. MOORFIELD: FLINT ARROWHEAD 110m OD; CS 49; IG 174; H 2950 5850+ A flint leaf-shaped arrowhead was recovered here. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 230.1959] TYR [Not in SMR] Lucas et al. 1961, 43-107. MOUNTJOY FOREST WEST DIVISION: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) & FLINTS 75m OD; CS 26; IG 121; H 4407 7663 Archaeological works were carried out, in advance of the construction of a wastewater treatment works and associated pipeline. Ten shallow pits were excavated. These were generally circular or oval in plan, with sharp sides and a concave base. The majority of the pits were shallow and contained a single fill. This was dark to medium brown loose sandy-clay, which contained charcoal flecks, small stones, organic rooting, flint fragments and occasional sherds of Neolithic pottery. The interior of a heavily truncated single cremation burial pit was excavated. It was roughly circular in plan and measured 0.88m north/south and 0.78m east/west. In section, it was shallow, with gradual sides and a flat base. The pit was cut to a maximum depth of 0.09m. The cut was found to contain a single fill. This consisted of loose, dark-brown, loamy clay, which contained frequent charcoal flecks, small fragments of burnt bone, occasional angular and rounded stones and flint fragments. It is not possible to determine whether the clusters of small pits are contemporary with the cremation pit. A number of these pits produced small amounts of Neolithic pottery. While there is no strong indication as to the function of the pits, the deposits of pottery may suggest ritual activity. TYR [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2006.

Figure 372: Magheracoltan Bronze Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Lynn 1973-1974, 98) MAGHERALAMFIELD: BRONZE DAGGER 50m OD; CS 47; IG 142; H 9050 6810 This dagger was found at Duckingstool Point, on the shores of Lough Neagh by Mr O’Neill around 1941. In 1991, it was submitted to the Ulster Museum in Belfast for examination. It remains in private possession. It measured 16.7cm in length and 0.6cm in width. It has been dated to the end of the early Bronze Age (c.16001500 BC). TYR [Not in SMR] Ramsey 1991-1992, 161-162.

MOY: BRONZE DAGGER & SPEARHEAD 10m OD; CS 62; IG 180; H 8480 5590 A bronze dagger was recovered here, following dredging of the River Blackwater. It measured 9.06cm in length, 3.57cm in width and 0.18cm in thickness. It was subtriangular in shape and damaged at both the tip and along one edge. The rounded butt had three rivet holes. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [A5.1991]. A bronze spearhead was also found. It measured 13.6cm in length and 4.4cm in width [A5036]. TYR [Not in SMR] Ramsey et al. 1991-1992, 138-149; Bourke and Crone 1993, 109-113.

Figure 373: Magheralamfield Dagger (Not in SMR) (after Ramsey 1991-1992, 162)

310

INVENTORY MOY: STONE AXE HEAD 10m OD; CS 62; IG 180; H 8450 5550+ A polished stone axe head was reported to have been found in the Moy district. It measured 10.8cm in length and 3.8cm in width, with a triangular cross-section, as well as weathered longitudinal grooves on two surfaces. It was donated to Armagh County Museum. TYR [Not in SMR] Weatherup 1978, 32.

uncovered, which had no obvious relationship to each other or the other main features. In total, there were ten pits and five post holes. TYR [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2008. MULLANAHOE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINTS 30m OD; CS 40; IG 126; H 9358 7481 Both Neolithic and Bronze Age material has been recovered from this site. An archaeological evaluation, in advance of a proposed GAA pitch in Ardboe, revealed three areas of archaeological deposits: two circular enclosing ditches and a possible third structure, which was evident from post holes. The enclosing ditches were substantial, with one measuring 14m and the other measuring 16m-18m in diameter, both with central hearths. Several pits and post holes were found within the structures and outside of them. Finds of pottery and worked flint ranged from early to late Bronze Age. The incomplete circle of post holes may be another structure. The finds from this dated to early Bronze Age. The GAA decided to raise the level of the site, so the features were not excavated, but rather preserved under a layer of sand and geotextile. TYR 040:013 Bennett 2007, 418.

MULLAGHBANE: SADDLE QUERN 123m OD; CS 53; IG 178; H 6549 5791 In April 2007, trial-trenching was carried out, along the route of the upgraded A4 road. Features, which included a massive enclosure ditch, were identified. A full excavation was carried out between June and August 2007. The site comprised three prehistoric ring ditches, of possibly middle or late Bronze Age date and a scatter of individual cremation deposits. Finds, from across the site, which included a saddle quern found in the backfill of a later feature, seemed to indicate that domestic settlement of a similar period was located nearby. TYR [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2007. MULLAGHBANE: ASSEMBLAGE 123m OD; CS 53; IG 178; H 7379 5960 The main features, which were investigated, were two burnt mounds, identified during monitoring. One of the burnt mounds was found to comprise seven pits, two of which were substantial enough to have been troughs. The other burnt mound had two pits associated with it. Another area of activity on the site was a shallow depression, filled by burnt mound material, which contained some sherds of coarse pottery of prehistoric, possibly Bronze Age, date. Sealed by this deposit, were a large number of stake holes and at least two post holes. A spread of burnt mound material at the south-western end of the site was overlying seven pits, two of which were substantial enough to be described as troughs. They both had a sub-rectangular shape, whereas the other pits were more oval or circular in shape and are likely to have been used as pot boilers. Another spread of burnt mound material was found approximately 50m to the north. This deposit was lighter in colour. It may have been located, in closer proximity to the original stream, which ran along the base of the slope. Associated with this were two pits, one of which was sealed by the burnt mound, while the other lay to the west of it. A shallow depression in the natural subsoil was filled by a deposit, which resembled burnt mound material, as it consisted of fire-cracked stones and charcoal-blackened sandy silt. A number of sherds of coarse prehistoric pottery were retrieved from this deposit. This deposit sealed up to thirty-five stake holes, some outlying and also two post holes. This may have been a possible shelter. The remains of a possible trough were uncovered at the base of a slope. The feature was badly truncated and much of what was probably a rectangular cut, was gone. The fill was burnt mound material, consisting of fire-cracked stone and a charcoalblackened deposit. A number of outlying features were

MULNAHUNCH: FLINT ARROWHEAD 92m OD; CS 53; IG 178; H 7148 6062 This site was discovered, during a road improvement scheme in 2010. The best preserved of the features was a pit, which contained a wooden trough. The pit was subrectangular, with a well-preserved, rectangular wooden trough at the base. The trough was supported and secured in place by upright stakes. Single upright stakes were driven into the back corners of the eastern end of the features, whereas double stakes were driven into the western corners of the pit. The double stakes have been interpreted as supports for a removable sluice gate for the trough. Horizontal and upright timber planks, which formed the base and sides of the trough, also survive. Planks had been laid horizontally to create the base. Upright planks were laid on their side for the southern, eastern and northern sides of the trough. The remains of a further plank, possibly part of the removable sluice gate, were also discovered at the western end. Clay fill, possibly representing clay lining and water proofing, was recorded between the side timbers and the pit cut. A Neolithic leafshaped flint arrowhead was recovered from the southern edge of one of the spreads. A further rectangular pit, of similar proportions, was excavated just to the north. Four stake holes were recorded as internal to the pit, one in each corner. It is likely that the feature represents another trough. The lack of surviving timbers would suggest that the timbers were removed, once the trough fell out of use. Several, further stake holes, external to and probably associated with this pit, were also excavated. Stake holes had been driven in, just west of the western edge of the pit and stake holes were also encountered to the east of the feature. Together, these may represent structures erected, 311

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND to provide cover for the trough or racks to suspend objects above it. This pit was then truncated by an elongated oval-shaped feature, the base of which showed evidence of in situ burning. It has been interpreted as a hearth. A substantial cut feature was excavated, which cut into the hillside, just west of the troughs. The feature had a flat base and was relatively shallow. The base of the feature exposed an outcrop of underlying bedrock, beneath the natural glacial boulder clay. In addition, two stake holes were cut into the bedrock at the north-western edge of the feature. This has been interpreted as a deliberate effort to create a large flat surface, in order to function as a working area or shelter, associated with the nearby fulachta fiadh activity. A shallow charcoal-rich oval pit was encountered at the northern end, which had been heavily truncated by a later field boundary ditch. The ditch was aligned approximately north/south and its exposed extent continued for some 20m. Other archaeological features encountered, comprised three shallow pits and the remains of a shallow, possibly curvilinear feature. On the top of an adjacent drumlin, features excavated comprised nine pits: two clusters of three pits, two intercutting and one isolated pit. TYR [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2010.

excavations between July and October 1999. Each chamber of the cist was found to contain a pile of cremated bone and a highly-decorated bipartite bowl. One of the cremations had a hollow-based arrowhead within it. Radiocarbon determinations of the cremated bone suggest that the cremations were not contemporary. A fragment of a pygmy cup, ‘with pierced sides’, was also reported to have been found at Newtownstewart (ApSimon 1969, 65). TYR 017:047 OS Memoir Ardstraw, 1834; Belmore 1903, 42-43; Chart 1940, 221; OS Field Reports Nos. 70 and 75; Davies and Henderson 1941, 44-47; Meek and Jope 1958, 109-114; Treadwell 1964, 143; ApSimon 1969, 65; Ó Baoill et al 2005, 26-61.

**NEWTOWNSTEWART: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINT ARROWHEAD 150m OD; CS 17; IG 104; H 4023 8582 A segmented Bronze Age cist was discovered, close to Newtownstewart Castle, County Tyrone during

Figure 374: Newtownstewart Bowls (TYR 017:047) (after Ó Baoill et al. 2005, 31) NEWTOWNSTEWART: BATTLE AXE HEAD 120m OD; CS 17; IG; 104; H 4000 8550+ This Syenite battle axe head was found near Newtownstewart. It has been classified as of the Intermediate Series by Derek Simpson. It is currently in private ownership, but a sketch of it is held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. TYR [Not in SMR] Simpson 1990, 33.

Plate 90: Newtownstewart Cist Burial (TYR 017:047) 312

INVENTORY *RADERGAN: POTTERY (NEOLITHIC) 190m OD; CS 44; IG 158; H 5552 6434 This portal tomb is also known as Grania’s Grave. The tomb consists of two upright slabs, standing 1.3m and 1.04m in height, with a capstone measuring approximately 2m in length and 1.75m in width. The capstone has two cup marks on its upper surface. Beneath the capstone are a group of boulders, the northern edge of which forms a regular east-west line. They may once have formed a low dry-stone wall, which has collapsed to the south. This could have been the support for the southern end of the capstone. This site is not wholly classifiable, but it seems to be a single-chambered tomb. No traces of sockets, which would indicate a large tomb, were found during excavation of the site. Finds from the site consisted of two Neolithic pots, which were found under a small area of paving, just outside the chamber. They are currently held at HED. TYR 044:008 Chart 1940, 244; OS Field Report No. 237; Brannon 19811982, 188-189.

Figure 375: Newtownstewart Battle Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Simpson 1990, 22) OMAGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 90m OD; CS 35; IG 137; H 4500 7260 Although not precisely located, this site was discovered in 1712 and consisted of ‘3 small chests containing as many urns … under two heaps of stones.’ TYR 035:022 Waddell 1990, 142.

*RELOAGH: IRON SWORD 92m OD; CS 46; IG 160; H 7613 6589 This site comprises two crannogs on the southern side of Tullyleek Lough, the remains of an inter-drumlin lake. From the topography of the surrounding land, it was clear that the site was originally positioned in the centre of the lake. The crannog is easily reached on foot, along a ridge of raised ground, which runs south-west from the shore. The site consists of a circular, domed mound standing 2.5m in height and measuring 22m in diameter. The boundary between the mound and the surrounding marshy ground is sharply defined, but there is no trace of surrounding stakes or structures. In 2001, a wellpreserved iron sword was found in the spoil from the drain. It was dated to between the third to sixth centuries AD. In-situ worked timbers could be seen in the drain section and the material, which was visible, strongly suggested that a second crannog had been truncated by the drain. Other finds included a blue glass bead, wooden stakes and a leather shoe. TYR 046:026 McQuillan 2002, 11.

OMAGH: STONE HOARD 90m OD; CS 35; IG 137; H 5550 7250+ A major hoard of stone moulds was reported to have been found at Omagh. The stone has been described as Muscovite. This has given its name to a classification of such moulds and has been attributed to the early Bronze Age. It has also been equated to Harbison’s Derryniggin Phase. TYR [Not in SMR] Hodges 1954, 77; Coghlan and Raftery 1961; Boutoille 2012.

ROSCAVEY: RINGED PIN 170m OD; CS 52; IG 177; H 5350 6400+ This is a cast bronze, ring-headed dress pin, measuring 15.5cm in length. It was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [271.1964]. TYR [Not in SMR] Flanagan and Seaby 1966, 103-114; Waddell 1998, 313

Figure 376: Omagh Mould Hoard (Not in SMR) (after Coghlan and Raftery 1961) OMAGH: BRONZE AXE HEAD 90m OD; CS 35; IG 137; H 5550 7250+ A bronze, socketed axe head was reported to have been found ‘near Omagh’. It measured 11.2cm in length and 9.3cm in width and had a circular socket. It was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 127.1959]. TYR [Not in SMR] Lucas et al. 1961, 43-107.

SANDVILLE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 15m OD; CS 2; IG 60; C 3927 0526 The location is on steeply rising ground, with good views to the south and west across the Foyle Valley. This site consisted of a stone-lined cist, in the form of an irregular polygon, which measured c.0.9m in length and 0.9m at its widest point. The lining on the south side was a single stone set on edge. The remaining sides were of dry stone 313

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND construction. It was floored with small paving stones and roofed with a single slab. The remains of a young male were found, with the possible remains of a second individual, with a complete, comb-impressed food vessel. This food vessel is now held at QUB Archaeology Department. TYR 002:021 Wilson 1960, 15-21; ApSimon 1969, 61; Waddell 1990, 142.

were recovered. Of these, one had a wedge point, one had a pencil point and the remainder had chisel points. The upper layer of wood was composed of several roundwoods and three worked brushwood ends, lying horizontally. This trackway may have been used to access a platform and fulachta fiadh, which had been excavated to the south-west. Part of a wooden-lined trough was exposed at the eastern limit of the area. This trough lining was composed of nine radially split timbers and extended beyond the limit of excavation to the east. Beneath the wooden trough lining was a layer of clay, which may have been used as a seal, due to the presence of peat directly below this. Several stakes were identified below this wooden lining. Black silt clay, which contained heat-affected stones, covered this trough. A second similar deposit of burnt mound material was located in the north-east of the site. A thick layer of peat separated these burnt mound layers, suggesting a significant temporal gap between the phases of use. The wooden platform was identified to the west of this burnt mound activity and was formed from brushwood. Five of the timbers showed evidence of heavy charring, possibly indicating a use, prior to being incorporated into the platform. A broken wooden paddle or shovel was also recovered. Two areas of disturbed burnt mound spreads were also found. Evidence for prehistoric occupation was also found along the southern bank of the Owenreagh River. The archaeological remains consisted of a series of spreads, pits, a metalled surface and two hearths. A spread to the east of this was cut by eight small pits. Two pits, located towards the north and north-east of the site, were covered by a spread of brown clay silt. In the east of the site, several spreads of silt clay were excavated, one of which contained a late Mesolithic siltstone, known as Moynagh point. A small pit truncated the later spread. Flint artefacts were recovered from a number of features at the site and a late Mesolithic butt–trimmed flake was recovered, during monitoring works nearby. TYR [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2012; Walsh and O’Regan 2016, 14-15.

Figure 377: Sandville Food Vessel (TYR 002:021) (after Wilson 1960, 17) SESS KILGREEN: BATTLE AXE HEAD 90m OD; CS 52; IG 177; H 6050 5850+ This battle axe head was recovered at Sess Kilgreen. It has been classified as of the Intermediate Type by Derek Simpson. Its current location is unknown. TYR [Not in SMR] Coffey 1911, 175; Simpson 1990, 33.

Figure 378: Sess Kilgreen Battle Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Simpson 1990, 22) SHANNARAGH: ASSEMBLAGE 92m OD; CS 42; IG 155; H 3695 6468 A series of excavations was carried out, as part of a road scheme (A32) at Shannaragh Road. A trackway, formed by a poorly-preserved arrangement of roundwoods, orientated approximately east/west, was uncovered. A more substantial deposit of wood was thought to have formed the main surface of this trackway. Several substantial stakes, although poorly preserved, were noted within this layer. Seven worked brushwood ends

Figure 379: Shannaragh Flints (Not in SMR) (after Walsh and O’Regan 2016, 15) SHANTAVNY SCOTCH: ASSEMBLAGE 215m OD; CS 52; IG 177; H 5757 6064 The monitoring of topsoil stripping of a proposed extension to Jordan’s Quarry, off the Radergan Road near 314

INVENTORY Ballygawley, was undertaken in 2011. The area, located to the immediate south of the existing quarry, measured approximately 100m in length and 80m in width. A single pit, measuring 1m in diameter and 0.2m in depth, was uncovered during the monitoring. This pit contained three small fragments of prehistoric pot, a plano-convex flint knife and a struck piece of quartz. A portion of the surrounding subsoil was scorched, indicating that the pit may have been used as a hearth. TYR [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2011.

settlement area. This site is probably of Mesolithic or Neolithic date. TYR 036:024 SKEBOY: ASSEMBLAGE 154m OD; CS 36; IG 139; H 5842 7467 This site was found, during turf cutting in a low-lying bog, underneath 1.8m of turf. Four oak logs, laid in a crisscrossed fashion, which formed an approximate square, were encountered. The logs were covered by a layer of clay, measuring 25cm in thickness, on which was laid a layer of white quartzite stones. On top of the stones was charcoal, a pot sherd and a polished stone axe. Alongside, covered by a flat, slab of sandstone, was a substance that looked like butter. The oak logs measured 1.3m in length and 25cm in width. TYR 036:031 Evans Field Notebook VIII, 11-13.

SHESKINSHULE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 215m OD; CS 27; IG 106; H 6010 8300 Although not precisely located, the documentation describes the site, as situated in a field close to Greencastle Chapel, on the road from Omagh to Draperstown. The site consisted of a stone cist, measuring 0.6m square, which contained a bowl found lying on its side, in association with some cremated bone. A second cist, containing a similar vessel, was reportedly found nearby. The chapel occupies the summit of a glacial mound, with fine views in every direction. All of the surrounding fields have been improved. TYR 027:049 Mullin 1895, 254; Waddell 1990, 144.

SLUGGAN: WOODEN BUCKET 185m OD; CS 45; IG 178; H 6480 6965 An intact wooden bucket was found, during turf cutting in the late 1960s. Exposure to the air caused it to be severely damaged, but fragments of the bucket were donated to the Fermanagh County Museum in Enniskillen. These are parts of a two-piece wooden bucket, the body of which was carved from a solid alder trunk, with a base of similar wood fitted into an internal groove. A fragment returned a radiocarbon date of 831-412 cal. BC. Similar buckets have been attributed to the late Bronze Age. TYR [Not in SMR] Williams 1983, 150-151.

Figure 380: Sheskinshule Bowl (TYR 027:049) (after Mullin 1895, 254) SIXMILECROSS: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 100m OD; CS 44; IG 139; H 5600 6700+ A Pigmy Cup from this burial cairn is held in the collection of the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin NMI No. 183-301 (NMI No. 183-301). It is said to have been found, associated with ashes, in a cairn near Sixmilecross. The vessel itself has been difficult to classify, as it seems to overlap between Biconical and Tub-shaped varieties, with a high shoulder turning rapidly inwards towards the rim. The basal diameter is considerably larger than that of the rim and decoration is in the form of four incised horizontal lines. The fabric is very fine, thin with a smooth surface and red in colour. It resembles Roman pottery, both in texture and colour. TYR [Not in SMR] Kavanagh 1977, 88. SKEBOY: FLINTS 154m OD; CS 36; IG 139; H 5884 7465 A concentration of flints, uncovered during ploughing in 1960, may indicate the location of an industrial or

Figure 381: Sluggan wooden bucket (Not in SMR) (after Williams 1983, 150) 315

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND STANGMORE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 30m OD; CS 62; IG 198; H 8400 5300 An encrusted urn was found, in this townland, within a sand pit in 1845. It was inverted and possibly in a pit. A plain urn, ’18 inches [0.46m] deep’ was found in similar circumstances, inverted and covered by a slab, three days earlier. The site of these burials cannot now be located. It seems possible that the site has been destroyed. TYR 062:010 Newry Telegraph, 14 January 1845; Waddell 1990, 144.

chapes. They are currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. TYR [Not in SMR] Armstrong 1924, 120-121.

STANGMORE: BRONZE RING 30m OD; CS 62; IG 198; H 8430 5280 This bronze ring, dated to the Iron Age, was found following dredging operations in the River Blackwater. It was of plano-convex section and decorated with alternate zones of long and short incisions. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A.5017]. TYR [Not in SMR] Bourke and Crone 1993, 109-113.

Figure 383: Strabane Chapes (Not in SMR) (after Armstrong 1924, 120-121)

STRABANE: BATTLE AXE HEAD 20m OD; CS 5; IG 72; H 3400 9700+ This stone battle axe head was recovered at Strabane. It has been attributed to the Late or Bann Series by Derek Simpson. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 8:22]. TYR [Not in SMR] Simpson 1990, 34.

STRABANE: BRONZE SWORD 20m OD; CS 5; IG 72; H 3400 9700+ A bronze sword was reported to have been found at Strabane. It has been attributed to the Ballintober Type. It is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [1937.477]. TYR [Not in SMR] Hodges 1952, 29-56. STRANAGALWILLY: ASSEMBLAGE 154m OD; CS 7; IG 61; C 5396 0109 Located on the south-facing slopes of a ridge of gravel, with fine views all around, this flat cemetery site was uncovered in 1961, during quarrying for sand extraction. One cist measured 0.77m in length, 0.5m in width and 0.46m in depth, with the ends formed by a single slab and the sides by pairs of slabs on edge. The cist was covered by a single slab, with the floor paved in smaller flag stones. In the north-eastern corner, a food vessel, with associated cremated bone was found. Another cist of similar construction was reported to have been found within the same area in 1958. ApSimon (1969) recorded 3 cists at this site. A bronze awl with a wooden handle and seven flint flakes were recovered from Cist 3. TYR 007:001 ApSimon 1969, 61 & 62; Waddell 1990, 144; Waterman 1993, 44-60.

Figure 382: Strabane Battle Axe Head (Not in SMR) (after Simpson 1990, 25) STRABANE: BRONZE AXE HEAD 20m OD; CS 5; IG 72; H 3400 9700+ A bronze, flat axe head, described as a ‘squat, almost rectangular specimen, having the appearance of copper rather than of bronze’, was reported to have been found near Strabane. The axe head measured 10cm in length, 5.5cm in width at the cutting edge and 1.2cm in thickness. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 290.1968]. TYR [Not in SMR] Lucas 1971, 188-244.

SULTAN: STONE MOULDS (3) 215m OD; CS 28; IG 76; H 6500 7700 Three stone moulds were reported in 1980 by Mrs McAleer of Carrickmore. These were part of a hoard of several dozen moulds, uncovered by Mr Conway, some 50 years previously, while preparing potato ridges. The moulds have been retained by the owner. The moulds, which were designed for casting bronze flanged axe heads, have been dated to the mid-second millennium BC. TYR [Not in SMR] Williams 1980, 102-103.

STRABANE: CHAPES (2) 20m OD; CS 5; IG 72; H 3400 9700+ Two bronze scabbard chapes were reported to have been found near Strabane. These were identified as being from Iron Age sword scabbards and are known as winged

316

INVENTORY

Figure 386: Tirkernaghan Bowls (Not in SMR) (after Bigger 1916-1917, 5) TOWN PARKS [STRABANE]; LOGBOAT 20m OD; CS 4; IG 72; H 3354 9836 This prehistoric logboat was located c.160m downstream from Lifford Bridge, close to the eastern bank of the River Foyle on a sandy/shingly bar. It was lying upside down and wholly exposed. It seems that the logboat has been known about for some time, based on the fact that the boat has been used in the recent past as an anchor point for illegal salmon nets. It is possible that this location may be a secondary context and it has come from somewhere further upstream. The boat was largely intact and in reasonably good condition. Damage was mostly on its port side and it was cracked towards the stern, on its starboard side. The hull measured approximately 6.6m in length, with a maximum beam of 73cm and a maximum height of 18-20cm. The gunwale thickness was approximately 2-3cm. The boat was flat bottomed, with slightly rounded extremities. The stern was slightly wider than the bow and what looks like a possible depth gauge boring, with a plug still intact, was noted towards the stern of the boat. A radiocarbon date of cal. AD 253560 was obtained. The boat was initially removed to the Loughs Agency at Prehen, then to Mullycovet Mill in County Fermanagh. TYR 004:010

Figure 384: Sultan Stone Moulds (Not in SMR) (after Williams 1980, 103) TAMNABRYAN: BRONZE AXE HEAD 50m OD; CS 2; IG 60: C 3850 0600+ A bronze axe head, ‘of the half-flanged variety’, was found in the garden by Mr George Henderson. It was donated to the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A.130.1966]. TYR [Not in SMR] Flanagan et al. 1968, 33-52.

TREMOGE: GOLD LUNULA 100m OD; CS 37; IG 139; H 6664 7322 This is the findspot of a gold Bronze Age lunula, which is now held at the National Museum of Ireland, in Dublin. It is decorated on both sides, with geometric designs, including dog-tooth, zig-zag lines, herring bone, oblongs and triangles. It is said to have been discovered, rolled up under a stone, close to Carrickmore. TYR 037:031

TIRKERNAGHAN: WOODEN BOWLS (3) 80m OD; CS 6; IG 74; C 4400 0000+ Three wooden polypod bowls were uncovered, during turf cutting at Dunamany, Tirkernaghan. This was reported by Bigger in 1916-1917. The bowls were later donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin. Although the bowls were found distorted, it was thought that in their original form they would have measured, 25cm in diameter and 14cm in height, with four legs 5.5cm in length; 17.8cm in diameter and 6.5cm in height, without legs (made of alder) and 15.2cm in diameter and 5cm in height, also without legs. These bowls would have been fashioned from a solid block of willow, poplar or alder. The bowls were later examined by Caroline Earwood and attributed to the early Bronze Age. A radiocarbon date was obtained for the largest bowl returning a date of 2870-2145 cal. BC. TYR [Not in SMR] Bigger 1916-1917, 1-8; Earwood 1991-1992, 27-28.

TREMOGE: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) & FLINT TOOLS 185m OD; CS 37; IG 140; H 6685 7311 This site was remembered by the present landowner as ‘a group of urn burials enclosed by a wide wall.’ It was removed by his grandfather in the early years of the twentieth century. It was a partially reclaimed field, until 1984, when the ground was deep ploughed and drained. Five flint scrapers, a borer and a javelin head were also found in this area. The artefacts are currently held at Armagh County Museum. TYR 037:032 Weatherup 1975, 5-24.

317

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND TREMOGE: ASSEMBLAGE 185m OD; CS 37; IG 140; H 6674 7318 This site is on ground, which slopes down to the south, to two small lakes, Black Lough and White Lough, the contracted remains of a once large stretch of water. This cist was discovered by accident, when the owner was digging a potato clamp. An excavation revealed a short cist, measuring 0.47m in length and 0.35m in width and orientated north-east/south-west. It contained an inverted Irish Vase over a layer of cremated bone. On examination, it was found to be an adult female. A clay loom weight and a bronze awl accompanied the burial. Charcoal was dated to 3570±45 BP (2032-1857 cal. BC). TYR 037:037 Foley 1985, 63-68.

TULLYALLEN: FLINTS 92m OD; CS 53; IG 178; H 7173 6053 Trial trenching was carried out in June 2006, on the route of the upgraded A4 road. Further investigation revealed a small group of ditches and gullies, associated with occasional post holes and pits, near the top of a small drumlin. The only finds were occasional flint or chert flakes. TYR [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2007. TULLYALLEN: FLINTS 92m OD; CS 53; IG 178; H 7178 6048 This site was excavated, as part of improvements to the A4 road, between Dungannon and Ballygawley. In Area 47, three small pits and a circular ditch were found. The ditch enclosed an area of approximately 5m in diameter. This, most likely, represented the remains of a ring barrow. In Area 48, located on the south-facing slope of a small drumlin, a group of five small to medium-sized pits was uncovered. One pit contained several pieces of flint debitage. Three further small pits and part of a larger, roughly linear feature were uncovered at the eastern part of the site. In Area 49, six possible medium to larger-sized pits were uncovered, of which only the three in the south-eastern half contained lithics. One of them had approximately seven pieces of tools and debitage. The features could be interpreted as the remains of a prehistoric working area, which continued beyond the limits of the road. In Area 51, three pits, four stake holes and a post hole were uncovered. The post and stake holes were arranged in a roughly linear alignment, extending south-west/north-east. The only find on the site was a flake of flint, recovered from one of the stake holes. TYR [Not in SMR] Excavations.ie, 2008.

Figure 387: Plan of Tremoge Cist Burial (TYR 037:037) (after Foley 1985).

TULLYCALL: STONE AXE HEAD 92m OD; CS 29; IG 108; H 7878 8038 Located on a terrace, on the northern slopes of Holly Hill, this site consists of a flat area of ground, which has excellent views from west through north to east. A single porcellanite polished stone axe head was found, during the removal of a field boundary, immediately west of Tullycall Orange Hall. The axe head measured 10cm in length, 2-3cm in width at its cutting edge and tapered to a rounded end. TYR 029:043 TULLYCALL: FLINTS 92m OD; CS 29; IG 108; H 7897 8052 Located on a terrace of land north of Holly Hill, this site enjoys good views all around. The general area slopes down to the east, to the course of a burn. Two worked and extensively re-touched flint scatters, appear on typological grounds to be of an early Neolithic date. They were recovered during land reclamation. TYR 029:063

Figure 388: Tremoge Vase Urn (TYR 037:037) (after Foley 1985). 318

INVENTORY TULLYDRAW: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 110m OD; CS 46; IG 160; H 7700 6500 Although this site has not been precisely located, this was described by Waddell as ‘A short rectangular cist found in a ‘rath’ known as Shane More’s Fort, measured above 137cm by 76cm and contained a ‘crouched skeleton and an urn (probably a bowl).’ TYR 046:039 Waddell 1990, 144. TULLYVEAGH: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 40m OD; CS 39; IG 125; H 8400 7600 Although not precisely located, this site is recorded as a cordoned urn, which was found in 1936, with a miniature vessel and cremated bone. Finds are held at Trinity College Dublin [TCD M46, 12-13]. Kavanagh records the smaller vessel as ‘a Food Vessel, but with strong influence from the larger vessel seen in both its shape and method of decoration’ (1975, 374). She also records the finds as currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM A460.1975]. TYR 039:066 ApSimon 1969, 65; Kavanagh 1975, 293-403; Waddell 1990, 144.

Figure 389: Tullywiggan Urn (TYR 038:044) (after Kavanagh 1973, 607) TULNACROSS: BRONZE CAULDRON 120m OD; CS 28 IG 123; H 7150 7950+ This complete cauldron was reported to have been found in a bog. It has given its name to a class of cauldron, within the Class A style. It is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1880.36]. TYR [Not in SMR] Armstrong 1924, 113; Leeds 1930, 14, 32, No. 8; Hawkes and Smith 1957, 182; Eogan 1964, Pl. 29; Briggs 1987, 172; Gerloff 1986, 108.

TULLYWIGGAN: ASSEMBLAGE 62m OD; CS 38; IG 124; H 8100 7500 Although not precisely located, this site was excavated, when threatened by sand quarrying. Finds from this site included fragments, which would form two almost complete Neolithic shouldered bowls. Other sherds of this pottery type, with Carrowkeel ware or Sandhills ware, were found alongside microlithic points. A fine stone axe was associated with one of the bowls in a pit, one of almost six such features on the site. A large ditch, measuring 4m in width and 1.4m in depth, enclosed the site, which measured c.100m in diameter. This is reminiscent of embanked enclosures. TYR 038:034 Briggs, n.d.

TURNABARSON: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 180m OD; CS 37; IG 140; H 6800 7000 This site was discovered while quarrying in an area south of Pomeroy. Two urns were found in a 0.6m wide rock-cut hole. The urn burials were covered with a flat slab and the pit was partly filled with gravel, beneath which was a layer of charcoal and burnt stone. One of the two urns was broken. The other measured 14cm in width, 14cm in height and exhibited finely incised decoration. It is now held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 369:192]. ApSimon records that the other urn, found with a razor, is now lost. TYR 037:038 Evans Field Notebook VIII, 2-3; ApSimon 1969, 45 & 64.

TULLYWIGGAN: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 60m OD; CS 38; IG 124; H 8170 7550 Although not definitely located, the site was uncovered c.1901 within a sand pit. It consisted of an encrusted urn, inverted over cremated bone. The pot rested on a flat slab, with a second slab covering the base. The urn is currently held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1901:53]. TYR 038:044 Abercromby 1912; ApSimon 1969, 64; Kavanagh 1973, 507-617; Waddell 1990, 144.

Figure 390: Turnabarson Urn (TYR 037:038) (after ApSimon 1969) 319

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND UNAGH: STONE DISC 92m OD; CS 29; IG 108; H 7943 8054 This site is on the summit of a steep knoll with fine views all around. The stone object was recovered, while ploughing fields, immediately west of Unagh Farm. It consists of a flattened oval c.50mm in length, 25mm in wideth and 25mm in depth. The edges are rounded and the whole surface is polished. There are two circular depressions in the centres of the upper and lower surfaces. Like the rest of the stone, these are highly polished and measure 25mm in diameter and 5mm deep. The function of the object is unknown. TYR 029:062

NOTE – The following entries are for artefacts which do not have a precise location, but are simply provenance to County Tyrone. They are numbered here for ease of identification.

WOODEND: POTTERY (BRONZE AGE) 15m OD; CS 5; IG 59; C 3581 0003 This site is on a ridge, which forms the eastern terrace of the River Foyle. Due to quarrying and improvements, there are no visible remains of the sandy mound, which in 1935 produced a series of cist burials. Five cists in all were discovered at various times, but only one was professionally excavated. It consisted of a 0.8m long, double stone-lined cist, which was damaged at the south. It contained the cremated bones of an individual adult female. No other grave goods were recovered. From one of the other cists, came a decorated Irish Bowl Food Vessel with a cremation. The bowl is currently held at the Ulster Museum in Belfast [UM 313:1957]. TYR 005:016 Davies 1940, 162-164; ApSimon 1969, 61; Waddell 1990, 144.

2.UNKNOWN [TYR]: BEEHIVE QUERN NPL This upper part of a beehive quern was found in County Tyrone and classified as B1 type by Caulfield. It measured 33.5cm in diameter and 17cm in thickness. It is recorded as being part of the Ballygawley Collection. TYR [Not in SMR] Caulfield 1977, 133.

1.UNKNOWN [TYR]: GOLD HOARD NPL Four small gold fibulae, thought to be a portion of a hoard, were found ‘between Killycolpy and Ardboe’. The hoard was donated to the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 235-238B]. TYR [Not in SMR] Lucas 1970, 145-166.

3.UNKNOWN [TYR]: BEEHIVE QUERN NPL This upper part of a beehive quern was found in County Tyrone and classified as B1 type by Caulfield. It measured 30.5cm in length, 31.5cm in width and 13.5cm in thickness. It is recorded as being part of the Ballygawley Collection. TYR [Not in SMR] Caulfield 1977, 132. 4.UNKNOWN [TYR]: BRONZE AXE HEAD & ARROWHEAD NPL A bronze axe head and an arrowhead were reportedly found in County Tyrone. The arrowhead, which had no description given, has been lost, but the axe head is now held at the National Museum of Ireland in Dublin [NMI 1897:128]. TYR [Not in SMR] Harbison 1986, 57. 5.UNKNOWN [TYR]: BRONZE KNIFE NPL A bronze knife, with a ribbed tang, was reported to have been found at Ballynascreen. Ballynascreen is a parish containing several townlands, within the area of Draperstown. It has been attributed to the late Bronze Age. It is currently held at the British Museum in London [WG.1607]. TYR [Not in SMR] Hodges 1956, 29-56.

Figure 391: Woodend Bowl (TYR 005:016) (after Davies 1940, 164)

320

DISCUSSION SUMMARY OF ARTEFACT SITES The tables below refer to the number of sites where artefacts have been found, often referred to as findspots. Artefact types have been segregated here by material, regardless of time period, for ease of reference. TYPE ADZE

ANVIL STONE ARD POINT

COMPLETE AXE HAND AXE

AXE HAMMER AXE HEAD

BATTLE AXE HEAD BEAD

CHISEL CLUB

STONE DISC

DECORATED STONE FLINT DEBITAGE FLINT TOOL

HAMMER STONE MACEHEAD

STONE MOULD NECKLACE

PAINTED PEBBLE PICK

BEEHIVE QUERN ROTARY QUERN SADDLE QUERN PEBBLE TOOL

POLISHING STONE SPINDLE WHORL STONE BALL

STONE HAMMER STONE POT

STONE SCULPTURE WRIST BRACER TOTAL

ANTRIM

ARMAGH 2 0 1 0 0 0

DOWN 0 0 0 0 0 1

FERMANAGH 0

LONDONDERRY 0

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

3

1

1

0

0

2

TYRONE

0

0

0

TOTAL 1 0 0 0 0 0

94

24

25

34

33

12

4

1

2

9

1

1

12

0 0 2 6

136 152

2 1

16

2 0 2 2 1 1 0 2 1 0 3 2 0 0

443

0 1 0 0 0

15 11

3 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 3 0

64

3

3

0

7

0

1

2

0

0

1

0

9

0

10

83

5

13

62

39

30

1

34

0

3

1

1

2

0

0

0

3

0

0

1

0

1

1

0

4

1

2

1

1

0

0

0

6

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

0

1

0

0

0

3

0

1

195

113

0

Figure 392: Table of stone artefact sites, by county and in total.

321

0

135

3 0

3 1 4 1 1 3 222 28 18 3

0

2

4

34

1 21 31

1 0 1 0 0 0 4 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 307 320 8 5 22 3 1 4 15 2 11 1 2 1 3 6 2

0

6

83

1033

0

1

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND

TYPE

ANTRIM

ARMAGH

DOWN

FERMANAGH

LONDONDERRY

TYRONE

TOTAL

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

103

23

12

34

8

10

190

11

0

0

2

1

0

14

IRON AXE HEAD

2

0

0

0

0

0

2

CAULDRON

9

2

3

0

2

2

18

BRACELET

1

0

0

0

0

1

2

BRONZE HORN

4

2

1

1

0

1

9

MIRROR HANDLE

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

BROOCH

1

1

1

0

1

1

5

RAPIER

7

0

2

8

2

0

19

BUCKET

0

0

0

0

3

2

5

BULLA

0

0

1

0

0

1

2

CHISEL

6

0

0

0

0

0

6

CHAPE

0

1

0

0

0

1

2

COIN

0

0

1

0

0

0

1

DAGGER

3

1

0

7

0

2

13

DISC

0

0

0

0

1

0

1

DIRK

0

1

0

5

0

1

7

DRESS FASTENER

3

0

1

1

0

0

5

EAR RING

0

0

2

0

0

1

3

FLESH HOOK

1

0

1

0

0

1

3

LUNULA

1

0

0

2

0

1

4

GOUGE

2

0

1

0

0

0

3

SLIEVE FASTENER

0

0

0

1

0

0

1

BRONZE HALBERD

5

1

1

0

0

0

7

ARMLET

BRONZE AXE HEAD COPPER AXE HEAD

COPPER HALBERD HORSE TACK INGOT

BRONZE KNIFE IRON KNIFE

0

2

0

2

0

0

4

10

6

5

1

4

1

27

3

0

0

0

0

0

3

1

2

4

0

4

1

12

0

1

0

0

0

0

1

12

2

1

0

1

2

18

RINGED PIN

0

0

1

0

0

0

1

RAZOR

8

0

3

0

0

2

13

RING

0

0

2

0

1

3

6

RING MONEY

0

0

0

2

0

0

2

SCABBARD

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

SHIELD

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

SICKLE

0

1

0

0

0

0

1

SLAG

0

0

1

0

1

0

2

SPEAR BUTT

0

1

0

1

0

0

2

SPEARHEAD

37

10

3

20

4

4

78

15

5

3

19

3

2

47

IRON SWORD

1

0

0

0

0

1

2

3

0

2

1

0

0

6

253

62

52

107

36

41

551

PIN

BRONZE SWORD TORC

TOTAL

Figure 393: Table of metal artefact sites, by county and in total. 322

Discussion

TYPE

ANTRIM ARMAGH DOWN FERMANAGH

LONDONDERRY TYRONE TOTAL

ARROW

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

BOW

0

0

0

1

0

0

1

0

0

0

0

1

0

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

1

BULLROARER

BUTTON CLOTH

DRINKING VESSEL

LOGBOAT

CLAY MOULD

PIN (BONE OR ANTLER)

COMPLETE POTTERY VESSEL (BRONZE AGE)

COMPLETE POTTERY VESSEL (NEOLITHIC)

0

1

0

0

0

0

1

4

0

0

0

0

0

4

3

3

3

4

2

6

21

2

0

0

2

0

0

4

1

0

0

0

0

3

4

144

14

63

30

85

65

401

4

1

2

0

1

1

9

19

3

20

6

18

8

74

1

0

0

0

0

0

1

21

4

7

1

4

4

41

12

4

7

1

3

3

30

2

2

0

1

0

2

7

0

0

0

2

0

1

3

WOODEN FORMER

1

0

0

0

1

0

2

0

0

0

0

1

0

1

WOODEN MALLET

0

1

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

0

4

0

0

4

1

1

0

1

0

4

7

216

34

102

53

116

98

619

POTTERY SHERDS (BRONZE AGE) POTTERY SHERDS (IRON AGE)

POTTERY SHERDS (NEOLITHIC)

POTTERY SHERDS (UNCLASSIFIED) WOODEN BOWL

WOODEN CAULDRON WOODEN JAVELIN

WOODEN SHAFT

WOODEN STAKE TOTAL

Figure 394: Table of pottery, bone and wooden artefact sites, by county and in total. TYPE

ANTRIM

ASSEMBLAGE COLLECTION HOARD

ARMAGH

FERMANAGH

LONDONDERRY

TYRONE

TOTAL

120

25

45

16

61

44

24

5

16

9

7

2

12

4

156

TOTAL

DOWN

2

34

0

63

25

5

73

311

6

29 63

52

403

Figure 395: Table of assemblages, collections and hoards, by county and in total. CURRENT LOCATION OF ARTEFACTS Prehistoric artefacts, for which details have been published, are currently held at a range of institutions across Ireland and many have been transported to other countries. In addition, details of some which are held in private collections have been published. DEPOSITORY Armagh County Museum, Armagh

NORTHERN IRELAND

Artefact left at original location

PERCENTAGE 6.8 1.0

Commercial archaeological companies

1.0

Confirmed destroyed

0.5

Down County Museum, Downpatrick

0.5

Fermanagh County Museum

1.2

Green Lane Museum, Limavady

0.05

323

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND

DEPOSITORY

NORTHERN IRELAND Historic Environment Division: Department for Communities

PERCENTAGE

In private ownership

5.8

Queens University, Belfast

1.6

National Trust, Northern Ireland

0.05

Ulster Museum, Belfast

27.6

Ulster University, Coleraine Birr Scientific Heritage Foundation

REPUBLIC OF IRELAND

Hunt Museum, Limerick

0.05

0.8

National Museum of Ireland, Dublin

15.9

Royal Irish Academy, Dublin

0.05

Stackallen College, County Meath

0.05

Trinity College, Dublin

0.05

University College Dublin Ashmolean Museum, Oxford

0.1

0.2

Monaghan County Museum

GREAT BRITAIN

British Museum

0.05 2.2 3.4

Chester Museum

0.05

Cambridge Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology

0.4

Chadwick Museum, Bolton

0.05

God’s Tower House Museum, Southampton

0.05

Hunterian Museum, Glasgow

0.09

Kelvingrove Museum, Glasgow

0.05

Lewes Castle and Barbican Museum, East Sussex

0.05

Manchester Museum

0.01

National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh

0.09

Pitt Rivers Museum, Farnham, Dorset

0.3

Rotherham Museum

0.05

St Albans Museum

0.2

Salisbury Museum

0.2

Taunton Castle Museum, Museum of Somerset

0.09

West Berkshire Museum, Newbury

0.09

Wilson-Cheltenham Museum and Art Gallery, Cheltenham

0.01

York Museum National Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen

1.0

INTERNATIONAL

Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada

0.02 0.09 0.05 0.01

Figure 396: Table of depositories of artefacts from Northern Ireland, by percentage. The diffuse nature of repositories for artefacts from Northern Ireland has already been identified, when it was reported that ‘large assemblages of archaeological finds came to accumulate more or less permanently under a number of different roofs, and under the control of a range of organisations’ (Fry et al. 1999, 114). While many artefacts are on display or held in storage at museums and other institutions, there is currently no facility to link them with the Sites and Monuments Record or to associate them with known monuments. The result is that a vast and growing amount of artefactual material is potentially available for research into our prehistoric past, but the opportunities for doing so are currently limited.

324

Discussion RECORDING OF PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OVER TIME The date, on which details of prehistoric artefacts were published, provides us with some information about the activities of the circumstances leading to their discovery. For example, during the nineteenth century, many artefacts were discovered during infrastructure works connected with the construction of what was quite an extensive rail network. This coincided with the activities of antiquarian collectors, some of whom were prolific in their hunt for artefacts. Following the Partition of Ireland in 1921 and the establishment of two separate jurisdictions for the care and management of the archaeological resource, there was more legislative control of monuments and artefacts and a steady decline in the amount of archaeological investigation carried out, particularly at burial monuments. A surge of activity is apparent during the 1990s, when a significant increase in infrastructure projects such as gas and renewable energy networks and property development took place. This, combined with the introduction of a statutory requirement to include archaeology and built heritage at the planning stage of development (Planning Service 1999), led to an increased number of historic sites being uncovered, excavated and details subsequently published. DATE REPORTED

Up to 1920 1920-1949 1950-1969 1970-1989 1990-1999 2000-2014

BURIAL MONUMENTS

25.6

SITES OF PREHISTORIC LIFE

2.0

25.1

ARTEFACTS

5.6

20.9

9.1

15.8

8.3

4.7

6.6

7.4

68.6

20.5 20.9 15.1

5.9 5.9

14.5

Figure 397: Table of prehistoric sites, by date reported and percentage 80 70 60

BURIAL MONUMENTS

50 40

SITES OF PREHISTORIC LIFE

30 20

ARTEFACTS

10 0

Figure 398: Chart of prehistoric sites by date reported and percentage Unfortunately the acidic soils of Northern Ireland militate against the survival of materials such as wood, leather and textiles, although examples have survived in anaerobic environments such as bogs. Analysis of these, often small objects, is crucial to understanding how prehistoric people lived. However, the large number of stray finds, catalogued as findspots, is problematic. When writing about these in his study of the Mesolithic, the late Professor Peter Woodman suggested that ‘if the normal archaeological record is supposed to make itself obvious through the presence of monuments, either extant or disturbed, then chance finds of early artefacts will more likely be treated as curiosities rather than potential indicators of early settlement’ (Woodman 2015, 335). The same could probably be applied to all prehistoric periods. Most archaeologists continue to struggle with strategic questions as to where people lived, why they constructed particular types of habitation sites and how they fed themselves. Usually absent from published material are discussions on how people enjoyed themselves, what children played with and how groups of people interacted with each other. Many of the artefacts recovered from archaeological sites and found randomly, remain scattered around various museums, storage facilities and private collections, without being catalogued together as a single research source. To complete our picture of prehistoric society in Northern Ireland, much more analysis of this material remains to be carried out and the results published.

325

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND As detailed in the inventory above, there are currently 2,187 sites which have produced prehistoric artefacts in Northern Ireland. A total of 1,580 sites related to where prehistoric people lived have previously been identified (Welsh and Welsh 2018) and 3,332 prehistoric burial monuments have been identified (Welsh and Welsh 2014). Of the 2,187 sites producing artefacts, only just over three per cent have been subjected to radiocarbon dating. This is due to a variety of reasons such as the technique not being suitable for application to non-organic materials, or not being available at the time of discovery. Most sites have therefore been dated (but not always accurately) by the type of artefact found there or its association with an adjacent artefact of known date. This is useful where an artefact type is known to date to a specific period, such as beehive querns, uniquely Iron Age in date, but is less useful for artefacts such as saddle querns, which were in use from the Neolithic and throughout the Bronze Age. COUNTY

ANTRIM

PALAEOLITHIC

0

MESOLITHIC

0

ARMAGH DOWN

5.6 25.7

0

10.9

0

LONDONDERRY

70.1

29.4 34.5

4.9

65.5

11.7

73.8

5.3

60.2

26.2

3.6

IRON AGE

BRONZE AGE

37.2

2.3

0

TYRONE

39.2

2.1

0.3

FERMANAGH

NEOLITHIC

6.4

72.3

25.0

5.6

85.2

7.7

Figure 399: Table of time periods of prehistoric artefact sites, by county and percentage 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

PALAEOLITHIC MESOLITHIC NEOLITHIC BRONZE AGE IRON AGE

Figure 400: Chart of time periods of prehistoric artefacts sites, by county and percentage The number of known prehistoric sites can provide us with a crude indicator of the impact of human activity in Northern Ireland over time. For example, Mesolithic people with their low population density and nomadic lifestyle made very little impact on the landscape during the four thousand years of their tenure here, accounting for only nine 90 per cent of settlement sites and just over seven per cent of artefact sites. Neolithic people, with their more settled lifestyle, have accounted for around a quarter of prehistoric sites during their 1,500-year period of activity, from burial 80 monuments to settlement and artefacts. The people of the Bronze Age accounted by far (around seventy per cent) of 70 prehistoric sites of all descriptions in their 2,200 years of activity, suggesting a stable and prosperous society. However, the people of the60Iron Age, in a period of around 700 years, made almost the same impact on the prehistoric record 50 Mesolithic, confirming the dramatic collapse of Bronze Age society and slow population recovery as the people of the during the Iron Age BURIALS 40 in Ireland. 30

TIME PERIOD 20 BURIALS 10

SETTLEMENT 0 ARTEFACTS

Palaeolithic

Mesolithic 0

0.0

0.04

Neolithic

Bronze Age

SETTLEMENT

Iron Age

0

20.2

ARTEFACTS 79.7

7.16

28.4

59.3

9.0

14.0

70.0

Figure 401: Table of time periods of burial, settlement and artefact sites, by percentage

326

0.1 7.0 5.1

Discussion

90 80 70 60 50

BURIALS

40 30

SETTLEMENT

20

ARTEFACTS

10

0

Figure 402: Chart of time periods of burial, settlement and artefact sites, by percentage The crude indicators in Figures 401 and 402 confirm the steadily rising population in prehistoric Northern Ireland, until the end of the Bronze Age, when the sharp reduction in human activity is evident in monument types and artefact sites. The reasons for this have not yet been identified, but it is thought that disease, political upheaval or environmental factors may have played a part. It has been observed that there was a disimprovement in the climate at this period, certainly after about 500 BC. In addition, at 430 BC and at 208 BC, there are short-term episodes of narrow oak ring growth which seem to coincide with brief hemisphere-wide disruptions in normal weather patterns, possibly volcanic in origin (Mitchell and Ryan 1986, 237). ARTEFACTS IN A WIDER CONTEXT At the time of writing, the only Palaeolithic site that has been identified in Northern Ireland is at Ballycullen, on the western edge of Newtownards, County Down. Here, three flint tools were recovered from the topsoil at a development site. One has been dated to approximately 240,000–180,000 BC and is thought to have transported a significant distance by glaciation, perhaps from the eastern part of County Antrim or even from the west coast of Scotland. Given the discovery of several Upper Palaeolithic sites in southern England and one in Scotland, it seems likely that southern Ireland had a human population during this period. However, worsening climatic conditions, known as the Nahanagan Stadial which began around 10,700 BC, seems to have militated against further settlement (Hall 2011, 22-23). Towards the end of the last Ice Age, rising sea levels resulted in Ireland becoming an island, between around 16,000 and 12,000 BC, much earlier than the remainder of the British Isles, which still formed part of the European mainland until around 6000 BC. This had a profound effect on the re-colonisation of Ireland by plants and animals, including humans. Many fewer species were (and still are) present here, than in the remainder of the Britain or Europe. However, recent analysis of an animal bone assemblage found in a cave in 1902 in County Clare in western Ireland, includes a bear patella with butchery marks, provided radiocarbon dates of between 10,860-10,641 cal. BC, in the Upper Palaeolithic period (Dowd 2016, 23). It may be that the evidence for other Palaeolithic sites across Ireland was erased by later glacial activity. It is thought that human re-colonisation of Ireland after the last period of glaciation took place around 8000 BC, by which time post-glacial plant and animal life was sufficient to support a semi-nomadic way of life. The earliest evidence yet found for human settlement in Northern Ireland during this period was discovered at Mount Sandel in County Londonderry, where the site was dated to between 7750 BC and 7670 BC. It has been interpreted as a small seasonal campsite, as a result of the flint tools and evidence of plant and animal remains found there. Early Mesolithic flint tools included flint axes and small slender flakes, known as microliths. Comparisons between the artefacts of the Mesolithic in Northern Ireland and other parts of the British Isles have led to the suggestion that ‘although it is impossible to determine for certain the point of departure for the earliest colonists to Ireland, the strongest candidate would be populations that previously inhabited the Isle of Man basin’ (Mallory 2013, 70). Estimates of the population of the whole of Ireland during this period range from around 3,000 (Mallory 2013) to 8,000 (Hall 2011, 61) and the lack of burials, along with small numbers of habitation sites and artefacts found in Northern Ireland seems to confirm low 327

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND population numbers throughout this period. The distribution of Mesolithic artefact sites confirms that these people favoured coastal and riverine sites and were capable of travelling great distances, probably in their logboats, several of which have been found here. The Mesolithic continued in Ireland until around 4000 BC, after which the first evidence of farming activities has been discovered.

Figure 403: Distribution map of Mesolithic artefact sites in Northern Ireland The first farmers or Neolithic people of Northern Ireland may either have been indigenous people who gave up their nomadic lifestyle, or more likely new immigrant farming communities, perhaps displacing or assimilating with the native people. Current and future DNA studies may resolve this, but we know that large areas of forest and shrub were cleared and there is pollen evidence of new plant species such as cereal crops being introduced. Non-native animal species such as cattle, sheep and red deer were also introduced at this time, although there is some dispute as to whether red deer were already present. Research into dietary patterns at the beginning of the Neolithic period suggests that the exploitation of coastal resources and wild game reduced, replaced by ‘the rapid and widespread uptake of domesticates in the Neolithic, in both inland and coastal areas’ (Richards and Schulting 2006, 447). There is also artefactual evidence of the first pottery, new flint tool technology and perhaps most dramatic of all, the construction of megalithic tombs. As with many areas of Europe, much more evidence of Neolithic peoples has been obtained from funerary monuments than domestic settlement, although an increasing number of habitation sites have been discovered in Ireland in recent years. Evidence from excavations in Ireland suggests that there was ‘a widespread distribution of settlement, from early in the period, i.e. between 4000 and 3500 BC, right across the island’ (Cooney et.al. 1999, 13). Neolithic houses have been found in Britain, dating to the same period, prompting suggestions that ‘settlers from the European mainland sailed up the Irish sea and around the Atlantic coast, settling in a number of separate locations in Ireland and western Britain’ (McSparron 2008, 19). However, recent analysis suggests that ‘the similarities between Ireland and Britain are so strong that, despite some problems with chronology, the source of much of the Irish Neolithic would still appear to be Britain’ (Mallory 2013, 103). Neolithic people appear to have established sophisticated trade networks between Ireland and Britain and indeed further afield. Evidence of this is the finding of Irish porcellanite axe heads throughout Britain and tuff axe heads from Great Langdale in Cumbria throughout Ireland. Examples of jadeite axe heads from the Alpine region of what is now northern Italy have been found at Portrush and Ballyhill, near Carrickfergus and have been interpreted as being the result of ‘exchange over long distances from early in the Neolithic between social elites’ (Cooney 2000, 232). The relationships and associations between artefacts found in Northern Ireland and those found in other parts of the British Isles has been explored in detail by Caroline Malone (2001). 328

Discussion

Figure 404: Distribution map of Neolithic artefact sites in Northern Ireland The Neolithic period lasted in Ireland until about 2500 BC, from when the first evidence of metalworking has been identified. Artefactual evidence, such as the replacement of Neolithic Grooved Ware by Bell Beaker pottery at this time, suggests that there was a significant influx of new people into Ireland. Recent DNA studies not only seem to confirm this, but suggest that the indigenous Neolithic population may not have survived this encounter (Callaway 2017, 276). It is known that the earliest gold and copper artefacts ‘in Britain date from c. 2700-2000 BC. Gold had been worked into trinkets in the Near East since 4500 BC and copper axes and tools had been manufactured in the Balkans since 4600 BC’ (Parker Pearson 2005, 73). Ireland seems to have been involved in metallurgy from an early date, as mining of copper ore was carried out between 2500 and 2200 BC at Ross Island in County Kerry. It is thought that tin from Cornwall was probably being imported to Ireland soon after and it is likely that the materials required for the manufacture of artefacts in Northern Ireland came from these sources, probably in the form of ingots for ease of transportation. Bradley (2007, 186) has suggested that there was more diversity with mines in mainland Europe supplying some of the raw material, whilst more came from a series of sites in Ireland, Wales and northern England. It is known that there are sources of copper in Northern Ireland, such as in the Tyrone volcanic group and the Antrim lava group and in the form of malachite and chalcopyrite in small amounts, in the lead-zinc veins of the Whitespots mines at Conlig near Newtownards. Tin is also present as cassiterite at Pollaphuca in the Mourne Mountains. Bradley (ibid.) has suggested that by 1500 BC the exploitation of insular ores appears to have been reorganised and most of these mines went out of use, but there is no evidence that any of the sources in Northern Ireland were mined in prehistoric times (Mitchell 2004, 263). Among the earliest tools manufactured by Bronze Age metallurgists were copper and bronze flat axe heads, which were formed by pouring molten copper or bronze into an axe head-shaped mould, which had been carved into a piece of rock. Ireland was a major manufacturer of flat axe heads, with 500 having been found in Ireland and only 80 from Britain (Mallory and McNeill 1991, 101). Other sources suggest that over 2,000 have been found in Ireland, 243 in Austria and 600 in Denmark (Mount 2000, 57, cited in Mallory 2013, 117). The distribution of flat axe heads in Northern Ireland suggests that most of this work was carried out in County Antrim, where over 63 per cent of these sites are located. Later in the Bronze Age, around 1200 BC, metalworking technology improved significantly due to the introduction of clay moulds. A hoard of artefacts was found in County Kildare and gave its name to this new period of technical advance, the Bishopsland Phase. Clay moulds made the casting of intricate shapes possible and many new designs appeared thereafter, including socketed tools such as the socketed axe head, often with a loop created during the casting process 329

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND

Figure 405: Distribution map of Bronze Age artefact sites in Northern Ireland

Figure 406: Distribution map of early Bronze Age copper and bronze flat axe heads in Northern Ireland 330

Discussion

Figure 406: Distribution map of later Bronze Age socketed axe heads in Northern Ireland to facilitate fixing it securely to the axe shaft. The distribution of socketed axe heads in Northern Ireland suggests that County Antrim continued to be a major source of axe head production throughout the Bronze Age. Another artefact type, the saddle quern, provides us with some indication of settlement during the Neolithic and Bronze Age. The saddle quern is a simple tool for grinding grain, usually quite large and reasonably indestructible. It consists of two parts: the upper stone or rubber and the lower stone or bedstone. The name saddle quern was first used by Albert Way in the Archaeological Journal in 1867. The choice of stone type, while concerning itself with durability, also depended upon whatever material was found locally. Hence, granite, dolerite, basalt, sandstone and limestone were all employed in its construction. Traditionally, it was thought that saddle querns occurred on sites of the later Bronze Age, but three from Ballygalley in County Antrim have been attributed to a secure Neolithic context, although these are the only querns from this period so far, to be discovered in Ireland (Connolly 1994). It has been suggested that saddle querns have a relationship with burials, in that they have been found as grave goods in Egypt (ibid., 32) and that interestingly, they may have been used to grind down human bones after cremation. This is a theme that has been explored in relation to basin stones from Neolithic passage tombs, which may have been ‘ceremonial querns, symbolic of the domestic saddle quern, that were used by the builders in ritual to symbolise the transformation of individual members of their societies into ancestors’ (McQuillan and Logue 2008, 15). Of the 26 sites recorded in this document, only one has a definite connection with a burial. This was at East Crossreagh (LDY 003:002), where at the south-western end of the site, several pits were uncovered. One contained cremated bone and charcoal, sealed by an inverted saddle quern. Of the 228 saddle querns from Ireland catalogued by Connolly, 186 had a secure provenance (O’Sullivan & Downey 2006). Of significance here is the number of finds from coastal or lacustrine locations such as Lough Eskragh in County Tyrone (TYR 054:032), which are usually associated with large settlement sites and suggesting the primary use of the saddle quern was indeed processing food for the inhabitants. The use of saddle querns appears to have ceased at the end of the Bronze Age, probably associated with the dramatic collapse of Bronze Age society around 300 BC. The Iron Age became established on the Continent around 600 BC, but Ireland seems to have retained a form of late Bronze Age industrial economy until around 300 BC, although with ‘very limited production in the period immediately 331

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND

Plate 91: Reconstruction of saddle quern in use at Céide Fields visitor centre, County Mayo Harry Welsh

Figure 408: Distribution map of saddle querns in Ireland (after Connolly 1994, 28). 332

Discussion

Figure 409: Distribution map of saddle quern sites in Northern Ireland after 600 B.C. initiated by outside influences’ (Scott 1974, 21). One reason for this may have been a reduction in contacts between Ireland and the rest of Europe at this time. Despite this, Iron tools and weapons were introduced during this period, although not in great quantity, despite the ready availability of iron ore and deposits of iron hydroxide, or bog-iron-ore in wetlands. Bronze was also being worked and we see the introduction of bronze horse tack, including items associated with the employment of pairs of horses. This has given rise to the suggestion that the horse-drawn chariot was introduced at this time (Mitchell and Ryan 1986, 239). Another artefact unique to the Irish Iron Age is the beehive quern, which as the name suggests, had a circular, dome-shaped upper stone, which rotated over a lower stone. On the upper stone, there was a central funnel-shaped hopper with a narrow feed pipe, to allow grain to be fed into the grinding area between the two stones and another hole at the periphery into which a wooden handle was placed in order to rotate the stone. Metal rather than wooden handles may have also been used. This type of rotary quern required much less physical effort than the earlier saddle quern. Beehive querns are dated entirely to the Iron Age (Caulfield 1977). They were in use from the second century BC to the fourth century AD, when the plain rotary quern (sometimes referred to as a disc quern) became the natural successor. Raftery (1994) has suggested that the Irish beehive quern, along with the earliest Irish horse-bits and decorated scabbards can be considered as a product of folk intrusions from Eastern England. Their distribution is largely confined to the northern half of Ireland, which Caulfield (1977) suggests is more indicative of La Tѐne immigration from southern Scotland or northern England, where La Tѐne metalwork was culturally associated with the beehive quern, bringing together the two most common classes of Iron Age artefacts. Later studies (Warner 2002) suggest that the La Tѐne metalwork was probably linked to wealthy ranchers or warriors, while the beehive querns were associated with poorer corn growers. In Britain many hundreds of beehive querns have been discovered on Iron Age and Romano-British sites. Those sites are in the north of England, the south of Scotland and also on the Isle of Man. Therefore, it is all the more surprising that this very domestic artefact has not appeared on any Irish settlement sites. The vast majority of beehive querns have been discovered in bogs, raising the question of ritual deposition. It is possible that the querns were considered sufficiently valuable or special for this purpose and not simply for domestic use. Very low numbers of Iron Age burials have been recorded throughout Ireland, with a total of seventy-nine individuals and only three of these in Northern Ireland (Murphy et al. 2010, 25). It may be that burials involved placing the dead in 333

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND

Figure 410: Distribution of beehive querns in Ireland (after Raftery 1994, 227)

Figure 411: Distribution map of Iron Age artefact sites in Northern Ireland 334

Discussion watery places, such as rivers and lakes, which are known to have been regarded as sacred, due to many deliberatelyplaced artefacts having been found there. The dead may have also been placed on excarnation platforms, or in funerary pyres, which have left little evidence of the event. The small number of burials, habitation sites and artefacts point to a low population density throughout the Iron Age. Despite the strong support for a struggling Iron Age society, there is however evidence that these people were highly active. Several large-scale monuments, such as Navan Fort (ARM 012:015) and the Dorsey linear earthwork (ARM 028:008) were built at this time and these required significant numbers of people for their construction. New artefacts were introduced to Ireland, such as the beehive quern, bronze horse tack and La Tѐne metalwork, confirming that trade links with Britain and the Continent remained active. Artefactual evidence has confirmed that trade links continued with Roman Britain and one of the legacies of this was the spread of Christianity to Ireland, although the lack of Roman colonisation and associated Pax Romana, allowed pagan Irish society to survive much longer than it did in other parts of Europe. By the end of the Roman occupation of Britain, Christian communities existed in Ireland in sufficient numbers for Bishop Palladius, followed by Patrick shortly after, to be sent to minister to the Christians in Ireland. Due to the introduction of written documents by the early church, this is generally taken as the point at which the Irish Iron Age and indeed Irish prehistory, finally ended. Conclusion For many reasons, Northern Ireland is a very special place, and its geology and landscape is varied and often spectacular. It has provided people with many reasons to visit and live here for thousands of years and throughout this time, they have left behind evidence of how they lived and died. This document attempts to bring together in a standardised format, information on what is currently known about the artefacts they left behind. Often, archaeologists in Northern Ireland seek to identify similarities with prehistoric communities in Britain and Europe, in an attempt to understand where our ancestors came from. Yet prehistoric societies in Ireland in general and perhaps Northern Ireland in particular, have always been somewhat unique, noted by the late Professor Woodman, when he said ‘the local environment and research history are of equal importance. Indeed if there is one lesson from the whole history of Ireland it is that its story has been one of adapting new ideas to local circumstances’ (Woodman 2015, 336). Perhaps the only thing that can be said with any degree of certainty is that we know relatively little about our prehistoric past and that much more research will be required, before we achieve a fuller understanding. It is hoped that this document, along with the previous investigations into prehistoric burials (Welsh and Welsh 2014) and sites of prehistoric life (Welsh and Welsh 2018) will provide a starting point for any future research strategy.

335

GLOSSARY Amorphous. Without a definite shape or form. Artefact. A man-made object. Basaltic. Made from a dark, fine-grained volcanic rock. Beacharra pottery. A style of decorated middle-Neolithic pottery found in western parts of Scotland. Berm. A raised bank or flat strip of land on the edge of a river, canal or road. Bipolar. Having two opposite extremes. Blanket bog. A bog formed through the growth of peat, where natural drainage has been impeded, or where there has been a rise in the water-table. Bluff. A steep cliff, bank or promontory, usually adjacent to a river or the sea. Booley (house). A circular, oval, rectangular or square enclosure, usually around 5m across and consisting of a few stone courses, associated with summer grazing of cattle on upland pasture. Boss. A raised knob. Bronze Age. A period from about 2200 to 800 BC in western Europe, 2500 to 300 BC in Ireland, which saw the development of metalworking and an increasing stratification of society. Bulla. A heart-shaped object consisting of a lead core, covered with decorated thin sheet gold, with a transverse perforation for suspension. Named after a type of Roman pendant. Burnt Mound. A circular or irregularly shaped mound of material, consisting of burnt stones, ash and charcoal, with no surface evidence of a trough or depression. Levelled examples can appear as a spread containing burnt stones. See also Fulachta fiadh. These can be of any date from the Bronze Age to the early medieval period (5th – 12th century AD). Buttress. A mass of masonry or brickwork, projecting from or built against a wall, to give it additional strength. Calcine. Reduce, oxidize or dry a substance by exposure to strong heat (in this case, human bone). See cremation. Canopy. A projection or hood over an opening; the covering over a tomb or niche. Carinated pottery. The earliest pottery found in Ireland, dating from around 4000 BC; it is well-made, with smooth or burnished surfaces and has distinctive shoulders, from which it gets its name. Cashel. A stone fort. Causeway. A raised road or walkway, sometimes made of stone. Chert. A siliceous rock that was used by prehistoric people to make chipped stone tools. It flakes in a manner similar to flint. Contiguous. Sharing a border; two features in contact or proximity. Crannog. From the Irish word ‘crann’, meaning a tree. A dwelling on an artificial or artificially enlarged island. Crop marks. A means through which sub-surface archaeological natural and recent features may be visible from the air or a vantage point, due to the principle of differential growth. Cruciform. In the shape of a cross. Some passage tombs have cruciform chambers, formed by cells extending off to the left, right and also straight ahead. Cupmark. A small man-made circular hollow, ground into a stone. Its significance is unclear, but may be related to the sun or moon. Cup-and-ring mark. A cup-shaped incision with an artificial groove around it. Curvilinear. Contained by or consisting of a curved line or lines. Drystone walling. A form of masonry construction, which does not involve the use of mortar. Stability is achieved through the skilful positioning of the stones. Earthfast. This refers to a stone which appears secure in its original position. Earthwork. Anything made by the throwing up of earth, such as banks, ditches and mounds, often made as a defence in ancient times. Eminence. An area of rising ground. Everted rim ware. Used to describe a type of Ulster medieval coarse pottery, dating to around the mid-thirteenth century AD. Ferrule. A ring, or cap, typically of metal, which strengthens the end of a handle to prevent it from splitting or wearing. Fictile. Pottery made from clay. Flake. A piece of stone, removed from a larger core or tool, during the process of stone tool manufacture. Sometimes flakes are used as tools themselves. Often, they are discarded. Flint. A hard, fine-grained stone, which was used by prehistoric people to make chipped stone tools. Fosse. A ditch dug round the inside of an earth-banked enclosure or stone circle, usually associated with henge monuments.

336

GLOSSARY Fulachta Fiadh. An ancient cooking-place, usually indicated by a mound of burnt stones at the site of a trough. Irish sources describe this cooking of meat, by boiling it in the trough in water, which has been heated by means of hot stones. The plural is fulachtaí fia. See also burnt mound. Funerary. Relating to a funeral or to other rites, in which people who have died are commemorated. Gritstone. A coarse sandstone. Hachures. Lines used on maps and plans to mark slopes, the steepness being shown by thickness and how close the lines are together. Hollow scraper. A type of stone tool, characterised by a concave or ‘hollow’ working edge. Holocene. The post-glacial epoch, conventionally – if arbitrarily – dated as beginning about 11,500 calendar years ago. Holocene, meaning wholly recent, was introduced as a term by Gervais in 1869 and accepted by the International Geological Congress in Portugal in 1885. Igneous rock. Rocks formed by solidification from a molten state, such as volcanic rocks, either extruded onto the earth’s surface or intruded into other rocks, forming the crust. Imbrication. Overlapping or covering with a design, in which one element covers part of another, as with tiles or shingles. See corbel. Lacustrine. Relating to, or associated with lakes. Lithic. Pertaining to stone. Lunula. Literally little moon. A crescent shaped neck ornament of flat beaten gold, bearing incised ornamentation and dating from the early Bronze Age, fashionable in Ireland and Scotland. The plural is lunulae. Mesolithic. The Middle Stone Age period of the terminal Pleistocene and early Holocene, whose cultures were reliant on broad spectrum hunting-fishing-gathering economies. Monolith. A single block of stone, especially one shaped or simply set up, undressed, as a pillar. Motte. A mound, often artificial, topped with a wooden or stone structure known as a keep, usually found with a bailey (enclosed courtyard). This is usually twelfth century in date. Napper. A flint-worker. Neolithic. The New Stone Age period, 4000 to 2500 BC in Ireland, characterized by the adoption of agriculture, village life, use of pottery and construction of megalithic tombs. OD. Ordnance Datum: the letters are used to denote that the level given for a point is related to that from which the Ordnance Survey measures all levels in Ireland. OD proper is the level of low spring tide at Dublin Bar on 8 April 1837. Offset. A narrow ledge on a wall, where the upper part is set back. Ogham. Early Irish script, derived from the Latin alphabet, consisting of groups of lines representing characters, inscribed across and on either side of a stem line, usually the sharp edge of a standing stone. The inscriptions are nearly always commemorative and date to the early medieval period. Outlier. A standing stone, outside a stone circle or henge. Pagan. In a prehistoric, Irish context, this refers to pre-Christian. Palaeoecology. The reconstruction and study of past ecosystems, including the relations between organisms and their environments. Palstave. A developed form of the cast-flanged axe of bronze, in which the septum between the flanges is both thin and narrow, compared with the blade of the axe; an implement of the middle Bronze Age. Penannular. An incomplete ring. Used especially to describe early medieval ring brooches, in which there is a gap in the ring, to enable a free-swivelling pin to pass through. Peristalith. See Kerb. Pilaster. A shallow pier of rectangular section, attached to the wall. Plano-convex knife. A flint tool, with a convex top and flat base. Plinth. The projecting base of a wall or column. Porcellanite. A dark grey fine-grained metamorphic rock, occurring in Ireland at an interbasaltic horizon at Tievebulliagh and on Rathlin Island, County Antrim. It was used extensively during the Neolithic period for the manufacture of stone axes. Sometimes, referred to as bluestone. Post hole. The earth-filled hole, where a post once stood. Potato Clamp. A method of storing potatoes and other root vegetables by covering with a layer of earth. Provenance. The origin or earliest known history of something; a record of ownership. Quartz. A hard mineral, usually white. Fragments or pebbles are often found at many Irish prehistoric burial monuments. Large quantities are sometimes found at passage tombs. Quartzite. A hard metamorphic rock, originally sandstone, usually pink in colour in Northern Ireland. Artefacts of quartzite are often found at prehistoric burial monuments. Quern. Or quernstone. A stone device for grinding corn by hand. Saddle querns are stones, frequently worn to a convex shape, by the action of rubbing cereal grains on them with a smaller stone, in order to crush and grind them. The rotary quern is operated by causing a circular upper stone to rotate on a fixed lower stone and so grind 337

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND corn, which is poured through a central hole in the upper stone. Pot querns were small rotary querns, with a small upper stone, which rotated within a dished lower stone with a pronounced lip. Beehive querns have a dome-shaped upper stone. Radiocarbon dating. A radiometric method of establishing the age of organic materials up to c.44,000 years old, based on the incorporation and decay of the radioactive isotope 14C within organic materials. It is among the most widely applied of all Holocene dating techniques. Rath. Sometimes a pre-Roman, but more often an early medieval banked-and-ditched sub-circular enclosure. Most raths were family farmsteads, but some were small defensive sites. Revetment. A retaining wall, in drystone walling, of mortared stone or of timber. Ring Money. Usually in gold but also in bronze, metal rings thought to have been used as currency, but may also have been a form of personal adornment. Road metal. Broken stone, compacted and used in road-making. Rubble. Wall of rough, unsquared stones. Saddle-backed. A hill, having a ridge along the top, which dips in the middle. Sandhills ware pottery. This is later Neolithic decorated coarse pottery and is so named, because of its discovery on coastal sandhills. Scarp. In earthworks, an artificial cutting of the ground to form a steeper slope; an escarpment. Scraw. A sod from the surface of a peat bog or a field. Section. On an archaeological site, a ‘section’ view is a drawing that depicts the site as if it had been sliced through and the viewer was looking at the resulting ‘section’ straight on. Sherd. A piece of broken pottery, sometimes referred to as potsherds. Scree. A mass of small loose stones, which form or cover a slope on a mountain. Solstice. Either of the two times a year, when the sun is at its greatest distance from the celestial equator. In the northern hemisphere, this produces the shortest day towards the end of December and the longest day of the year towards the end of June. Souterrain. Underground passage built of stone, or less frequently, timber, often containing obstructions or traps for defence. They were probably also used for storage. Common in Ireland, in early medieval times, but also found in Scotland and Cornwall. Spalling. A common mechanism of rock weathering, which occurs at the surface, usually by freezing and thawing. Stone celt. A term used mainly in the nineteenth century to describe prehistoric stone axe heads. Also referred to as thunderbolts. Sub-rectangular. Almost rectangular in plan. Tang. The projection on the blade of a knife or other tool, by which the blade is held firmly in the handle. Trapezoidal. Wedge-shaped. Trigonometrical point (or trig point). A reference point on high ground, used in surveying, typically marked by a small pillar. Tumulus. A mound. Vestige. A remaining trace of something, which once existed. Vestigial. Remaining as the last part of something. Votive offering. An offering, which expresses a wish, desire or vow. A votive offering might be given in the expectation that a wish would be fulfilled or it might be given to fulfil a vow, which was made previously. Wrist-guard or bracer. A small, thin rectangular artefact, usually made of stone. It was originally thought to have been used to protect an archer’s wrist from the recoil of the bowstring, but more recently it is thought to have been an item of personal adornment.

338

RADIOCARBON DATES Townland Ballyhutherland Ballyhutherland Ballylig [Glynn] Ballylig [Glynn] Ballylig [Skerry] Ballyprior Beg Ballyprior Beg Ballyutoag Calhame Clogh Mills Craigs Drumakeely Drumakeely Drumakeely Drumnaglea Drumnaglea Dunloy Dunturkey Goodland Goodland Goodland Gortgill Gortnamaddy or White Hall Kilcroagh Kilcroagh Kilmoyangey Linford

SMR No.

Grid Ref.

Type

Not in SMR

D 0615 1471

Pits

Not in SMR

J 4460 9880

Not in SMR Not in SMR Not in SMR Not in SMR Not in SMR

Lab. Code

Hearth C200

-27.2

4630±30 BP

3515-3423 cal. BC

F203

-27.4

2900±30 BP

1207-1141 cal. BC

 

 4750±35 BP

3641-3378 cal. BC

4795±48 BP

3700-3382 cal. BC

2450±30 BP

595-411 cal. BC

978/30

3005±45 BP

1392-1054 cal. BC

1018/246

2965±60 BP

1388-1000 cal. BC

D48

4120±300 BP

3516-1887 cal. BC

2830±30 BP

1058-906 cal. BC

1985±70 BP

174 cal. BC – 134 cal. AD

D 0615 1471

Burnt Mound Beta385655 Logboat

 UB-4067

Floor

J 4460 9880

Logboat

UB-4091

Floor and side

D 4466 0196

D 0472 1939

Burnt Mound Beta385661 Assemblage

GU-9576

D 4466 0196

Assemblage

GU-9565

J 3145 9120

Fulachta Fiadh

Pottery & flints

Not in SMR

Wooden Bowl OxA 2430

D 0600 1800

ANT C 9740 022:024 1728

Passage Tomb

Not in SMR

D 0631 1312

Flints

D 0541 1766

Pits

Not in SMR

D 0631 1312

Not in SMR

D 0631 1312

Flints

D 0541 1766

Pits

J 3119 9294

Pit

Not in SMR Not in SMR

Flints

ANT D 0190 022:010 1927

Pottery & flints

ANT D 1981 009:043 4130

Habitation

Not in SMR

Beta343952

-26.3

8020±30 BP

7061-6899 cal. BC

Beta382841

Pit C1054

-26.3

7060±30 BP

6006-5890 cal. BC

Beta388969

Post hole

-26.0

4120±30 BP

2866-2804 cal. BC

Beta385656

Cache C307 -27.7

6040±30 BP

5016-4844 cal. BC

Beta391474

Pit C304

3110±30 BP

1437-1288 cal. BC

Beta347439

C1538

Charcoal

-26.5

3942-3693 cal. BC -25.5

D 46

Habitation

L-472A

Not in SMR

Logboat

UB-2681

ANT D 1010 008:167 4102

Pottery & flints

ANT D 0763 013:079 3055

Flat cemetery

ANT D 3190 034:054 0730

Bowl

Pit & gully

ANT D 1981 009:043 4130

D 0350 2530

-27.4

Beta388971

UB-320E

Not in SMR

-27.3

1883-1622 cal. BC

Habitation

ANT D 0763 013:079 3055

Charred wood

C1009

ANT D 1981 009:043 4130 H 9950 9230

δ13C Radiocarbon Calibrated Age ranges (VPDB) Age (2 σ)

Beta385654

ANT J 2902 056:024 2902 Not in SMR

Sample ID

Oak fragment

-26.5

3660±30 BP

2136-1950 cal. BC

4150±200 BP

3340-3202 cal. BC

4575±135 BP

3633-3557 cal. BC

2700±120 BP

1207-1201 cal. BC

2060±60 BP

350 cal. BC – 70 cal. AD

Primary fill

2273-2137 cal. BC

Flat cemetery

GrN-15378 Charcoal

3510±35 BP

1941-1745 cal. BC

OxA-2673

3420±70 BP

1940-1530 cal. BC

Logboat

GrN-14743 Oak fragment

2405±20 BP

760-400 cal. BC

5023±46 BP

3943-3780 cal. BC

Burial Cairn

Carbon

F 153

339

-26.4

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND

Townland Lisnasoo Lisnasoo Little Ballymena Rory’s Glen Rory’s Glen Skilganaban Skilganaban Town Parks [Ballycastle]

West Division

SMR No.

Grid Ref.

Type

Not in SMR

D 0565 1642

Camp site

Not in SMR

J 3126 8906

Pit

D 3544 0138

Pottery & flints

Not in SMR Not in SMR Not in SMR Not in SMR Not in SMR Not in SMR Not in SMR

D 0565 1642

Camp site

D 3544 0138

Pottery & flints

J 3117 9272

Settlement

J 3117 9272

Settlement

J 3810 8550

Paleochannel

D 1000 4100

Pottery

Lab. Code

Sample ID

δ13C Radiocarbon Calibrated Age ranges (VPDB) Age (2 σ)

Beta385658

Gully C746

-26.3

7290±30 BP

6222-6076 cal. BC

Gully C720

-26.5

3190±30 BP

1514-1412 cal. BC

Beta347437

C100

-26.1

2740±30 BP

937-816 cal. BC

Beta390101

Beta357791

Post hole

1660-1500 cal. BC

Burial

1260-1050 cal. BC

Post hole C2748

Beta349629

Pit C2957

-25.2

3110±30 BP

1437-1288 cal. BC

-24.4

4940±40 BP

3795-3646 cal. BC

3570±50 BP

2107-1754 cal. BC

GrA-14603

1630-1750 cal. BC

Figure 412: Table of radiocarbon dates for County Antrim Townland Annaghmare Ballykeel Ballymacdermott Ballymacdermott Ballynagowan Corporation [Armagh] Corporation [Armagh] Maghery

SMR No.

Grid Ref.

Type

Lab. Code

Sample ID

ARM H 9049 027:007 1782

Court Tomb

UB-241

ARM H 9950 028:020 2132

Portal Tomb

UB-239

ARM J 0656 026:015 2402

Court Tomb

UB-698

ARM J 0656 026:015 2402

Court Tomb

Not in SMR

Logboat

ARM H 8768 012:095 4511

Ritual Site

Not in SMR

Logboat

GrN-20549

Wooden bowl

OxA 2417 Bowl

J 0150 5570

ARM H 8768 012:095 4511

Unknown [Armagh] Not in

SMR

H 9270 6340 NPL

δ13C (VPDB)

Radiocarbon Age

Calibrated Age ranges (2 σ)

4395±55 BP

3328-3217 cal. BC

3350±45 BP

1745-1526 cal. BC

Charcoal

4715±190 BP

3936-3872 cal. BC

UB-694

Charcoal

4830±95 BP

3891-3885 cal. BC

GrN20550

Oak fragment

4660±40 BP

3620-3340 cal. BC

4340±50 BP

3091-2887 cal. BC

4090±105 BP

2903-2431 cal. BC

1940±35 BP

30 cal. BC-130 cal. AD

2070±65 BP

213 cal. BC-61 cal. AD

Forecourt

Charcoal Ditch A

Ritual Site

Charcoal Ditch B

-24.1

Figure 413: Table of radiocarbon dates for County Armagh

340

RADIOCARBON DATES

Townland Ballintaggart Ballintaggart Ballintaggart Ballintaggart Ballintaggart Ballintaggart Ballybeen Ballybeen Ballydown Ballydown Ballydown Ballynacraig Ballynacraig Ballynacraig Ballyuranellan Derrycraw Derrycraw Derrycraw Derrycraw Derrycraw Derrycraw Edenagarry Inch Knock Mayo Portaferry

SMR No.

Grid Ref.

Type

Lab. Code

Sample ID

DOW 034:126

J 1086 4026

Ring Ditch

Beta-216911 Ring Ditch 1

DOW 034:126

J 1086 4026

DOW 034:126 DOW 034:126 DOW 034:126 DOW 034:126 DOW 005:035 DOW 005:035 DOW 027:114 DOW 027:114 DOW 027:114 DOW 046:052 DOW 046:052 DOW 046:052 MRD 168:152 Not in SMR Not in SMR Not in SMR Not in SMR Not in SMR Not in SMR

DOW 041:022 Not in SMR Not in SMR Not in SMR

Not in SMR *Dendrochronology date

J 1086 4026 J 1086 4026 J 1086 4026 J 1086 4026 J 4260 7308 J 4260 7308 J 1450 4665

δ13C Radiocarbon (VPDB) Age

Calibrated Age ranges (2 σ)

3020±50 BP

1380-1029 cal. BC

Ring Ditch

Beta-213587 Ring Ditch 2

2990±70 BP

1380-920 cal. BC

Ring Ditch

Beta-223392 Ring Ditch 4

2810±50 BP

1190-900 cal. BC

Ring Ditch

Beta-216906 Ring Ditch 6

2760±70 BP

990-780 cal. BC

Ring Ditch

UB-7289

Ring Ditch 7

2921±34 BP

1258-1012 cal. BC

Ring Ditch

UB-7290

Ring Ditch 8

2871±34 BP

1190-927 cal. BC

Ring Barrow

UB-2640

2660±70 BP

899-792 cal. BC

Ring Barrow

UB-2641

2530±70 BP

806-471 cal. BC

Pottery

J 1450 4665

Pottery

J 0961 2731

Pottery & GU-12593 flints

J 0961 2731

Pottery & GU-12595 flints

J 1450 4665

Pottery

J 0961 2731

Wood (Area 1E)

2433-2061 cal. BC

Wood (Area 1D)

1440-1130 cal. BC

Wood (Area 1D)

1423-1135 cal. BC

Charcoal

3035±35 BP

1400-1130 cal. BC

Pottery & GU-12594 flints

Charcoal

3825±35 BP

2460-2140 cal. BC

Charcoal

2210±35 BP

380-170 cal. BC

Logboat

GrN-25435

Oak fragment

J 0930 3420

Ring Ditch

Beta-217351 Ring Ditch 1

3240±80 BP

1650-1300 cal. BC

Beta-213588 Ring Ditch 2

3090±70 BP

1500-1140 cal. BC

J 0930 3420

Ring Ditch Ring Ditch

Beta-217349 Ring Ditch 3

2930±70 BP

1360-1320 cal. BC

Ring Ditch

3170±70 BP

1520-1250 cal. BC

Cairn

Beta2116910

Beta-217353 Cairn

3850±70 BP

2550-2540 cal. BC

J 5740 6690 J 0930 3420 J 0930 3420 J 0930 3420

Ring Ditch 5

3499-3022 cal. BC

J 0930 3420

Pit Burial Beta2116908

Pit Burial

3370±70 BP

1760-1440 cal. BC

D-37

Charcoal

5020±70 BP

3960-3692 cal. BC

J 4800 4550

Logboat

UM/HMBB

Oak

4140 BP*

2771 BC*

J 1825 3779

Burial Cairn

J 3800 7300

Pottery & flint

Charcoal

3620±40 BP

2194-2175 cal. BC

Pottery

Burial

3240±30 BP

1607-1570 cal. BC

J 6000 5100

Pottery

Burial

3530±40 BP

1963-1745 cal. BC

J 1500 2500

Figure 414: Table of radiocarbon dates for County Down

341

THE PREHISTORIC ARTEFACTS OF NORTHERN IRELAND

Townland Corfannan Crevenish Crevenish Derrybrusk Derrybrusk Drumwhinny Rossfad Shanco Tonyglaskan Tonyglaskan Tonyglaskan Tully Tully Tully Tully

SMR No.

Townland Ballybriest Ballybriest Brackagh Brackagh Clogh Enagh Enagh Grange Beg Mount Sandel Mount Sandel

Type

Lab. Code Sample ID

Not in SMR

H 3380 3880 Logboat

Q 9556 M

Not in SMR

H 1690 6340 Logboat

HAR 1969

Not in SMR

H 1690 6340 Logboat

UB-2396

FER 230:111

H 2865 3899 Logboat

UB-3846

FER 230:111

H 2865 3899 Logboat

UB-3848

Not in SMR

H 1800 6300 Yew Bow

Not in SMR

H 2120 5210 Logboat

UB-4237

FER 212:105

H 3372 4458 Pottery

GrN-14342

FER 194:040

Oak fragment

δ13C (VPDB)

Radiocarbon Age

429±9 BC*

Calibrated Age ranges (2 σ)

Oak -28.1 fragment

1860±70 BP

10-340 cal. AD

Oak -27.5 fragment

2855±550 BP

Oak -27.2 fragment

2876±35 BP

2469 cal. BC – cal. AD 252

Oak -27.6 fragment

2912±38 BP

Oak fragment

4636±20 BP

3502-3350 cal. BC

Charcoal

3675±30 BP

2140-1959 cal. BC

H 3819 5262 Pottery & flints UB-6599

Cist A

3685±34 BP

2195-1962 cal. BC

FER 194:040

H 3819 5262 Pottery & flints UB-6600

Cist B

3667±36 BP

2189-1943 cal. BC

FER 194:040

H 3819 5262 Pottery & flints UB-6601

Cist C

3724±35 BP

2274-1985 cal. BC

FER 172:023

H 1257 5615 Court Tomb

UB 2114

Charcoal

4575±50 BP

3501-2428 cal. BC

FER 172:023

H 1257 5615 Court Tomb

UB 2115

Charcoal

4960±85 BP

3959-3634 cal. BC

FER 172:023

H 1257 5615 Court Tomb

UB 2116

Charcoal

4445±130 BP

3519-2866 cal.BC

FER 172:023

H 1257 5615 Court Tomb

UB 2119

Charcoal

4890±65 BP

3908-3880 cal.BC

H 1257 5615 Court Tomb

UB 2120

Charcoal

4785±85 BP

3708-3368 cal. BC

FER 172:023 *Dendrochronology date Tully

Grid Ref.

SMR No.

1208-938 cal. BC

1260-1000 cal. BC 1680-1326 cal. BC

Figure 415: Table of radiocarbon dates for County Fermanagh Grid Ref.

Type

Lab. Code Sample ID

LDY 045:003

H 7617 8857 Court Tomb

UB-534

Charcoal

LDY 045:003

H 7617 8857 Court Tomb

UB-535

Not in SMR

H 7502 8965 Cist Burials

Not in SMR Not in SMR Not in SMR

C 4676 1983 Neolithic House

δ13C (VPDB)

Radiocarbon Age

Calibrated Age ranges (2 σ)

4930±80 BP

3946-3631 cal. BC

Charcoal

5045±95 BP

4037-4020 cal. BC

UBA-10619

Bone

4037±21 BP

2620-2485 cal. BC

H 7502 8965 Cist Burials

UBA-10617

Charcoal

4741±22 BP

3634-3382 cal. BC

NPL

OxA 2418

2385±70BP

756-395 cal. BC

Beta-152195 Site 2

5170±70 BP

4230-3790 cal. BC

C 4676 1983 Neolithic House

Beta-188378 Site 2

4880±40 BP

3770-3530 cal. BC

Not in SMR

C 8010 3556 Logboat

UB-4037

2935±35 BP

756-395 cal. BC

C 8530 3070 Assemblage

UB-591

Oak fragment Charcoal

7720±525 BP

7936-7927 cal. BC

LDY 007:020

C 8530 3070 Assemblage

UB-592

Charcoal

7630±695 BP

7938-7924 cal. BC

Not in SMR

LDY 007:020

Wooden Cauldron

Charcoal

342

Hazelnut shell

RADIOCARBON DATES

Townland Shantallow Shantallow Straid West Crossreagh

SMR No.

Grid Ref.

Type

Lab. Code Sample ID

LDY 014:079

C 4257 1980 Pit Burial

Beta-210953 Charcoal

LDY 014:079

C 4257 1980 Pit Burial

Beta-210954 Charcoal

LDY 030:049

C 5959 0583 Cist IV

Not in SMR

C 8213 3651 Hearth

δ13C (VPDB)

Radiocarbon Age

3710±80BP

Calibrated Age ranges (2 σ)

2397-1888 cal. BC 2330-1890 cal. BC 2450-2140 cal. BC

UB-4917

2100±2 BP

Charcoal

350 cal. BC-AD 10

Figure 416: Table of radiocarbon dates for County Londonderry Townland Ballynagilly Barons Court Brookend Eskragh Eskragh Eskragh Eskragh Eskragh Inishative Kinkit

SMR No. TYR 021:003

Grid Ref. H 7423 8365

Type House

Lab. Code

Sample ID

UB-306

Charcoal

D-47

Charcoal

δ13C (VPDB)

Radiocarbon Age

Calibrated Age ranges (2 σ)

4880±110 BP

3946-3498 cal. BC

3380±120 BP

2008-2003 cal. BC

6457±35 BP

5490-5246 cal. BC

2165±25 BP

370-110 cal. BC

Site A Pile

2475±45 BP

772-428 cal. BC

TYR 017:033

H 3646 8378

Not in SMR H 9500 7240

Logboat

UB-4066 Oak fragment

TYR 054:033

H 7731 6166

Logboat

H 7737 6182

Assemblage

GrN14740

TYR 054:032

H 7737 6182

Assemblage

UB-2047 Site A Oak

2690±45 BP

921-797 cal. BC

TYR 054:032

H 7737 6182

Assemblage

UB-948

3105±80 BP

1530-1126 cal. BC

TYR 054:032

H 7737 6182

Assemblage

UB-950

2360±45 BP

742-687 cal. BC

UB-2434 Bucket

2550±85 BP

831-412 cal. BC

TYR 016:055

H 3219 8862

Wooden Bucket

1880±200 BP

360 cal. BC- 550 cal. AD

TYR 054:032

Not in SMR H 6450 6900

Site B Horizontal Timber Site C Pile

Bone

3268±36 BP

Not in SMR H 3695 6468

Camp Site

Hazelnuts

5463±39 BP

4368-4237 cal. BC

Shannaragh

Not in SMR H 3695 6468

Camp Site

Hazelnuts

5485±39 BP

4446-4258 cal. BC

Sluggan

Not in SMR H 6480 6965

Tirkernaghan

Not in SMR NPL

Wooden bucket

Town Parks [Strabane]

TYR 004:010

Shannaragh

Tremoge

TYR 037:037

H 6278 6487

Bone pin & button

Plank

-27.5

Assemblage

Lurganboy

TYR 044:058

UB-965

Timber fragment

H 3354 9836 H 6674 7318

Wooden bowls Logboat

Assemblage

1624-1452 cal. BC

831-412 cal. BC OxA3013

Bowl

UB-4241 Oak fragment Charcoal

3960±100 BP

2870-2145 cal. BC

1627±60 BP

253-260 cal. AD

3570±45 BP

2032-1857 cal. BC

Figure 417: Table of radiocarbon dates for County Tyrone Sources: Excavations.ie., Brindley 2007, Chapple 2010, Murphy et al. 2010, Ginn 2016, HED: SM7 files and others

343

BIBLIOGRAPHY Books and Articles

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