The Pennsylvania-German [8]

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> ttttHgluania - (Smnan .•'

A POPULAR MAGAZINE OF

BIOGRAPHY, HISTORY, GENEALOGY, FOLKLORE, LITERATURE, ETC.

(FOUNDED

IN

1900 BY REV.

P. C.

CROLL,

D. D.)

W. KRIEBEL, Publisher H. A. SCHULER, Editor

II.

Ever since the sixth of October, 1683, Germans have been busily helping to make American history.

It is

this

German-American history

that,

with special reference to our own great commonwealth of Pennsylvania, this magazine is endeavoring to set before the world in its true light. Whatever interests the German settlers or their descendants in any part of this country is a legitimate object of our study and research.

VOL.

VIII.

JANUARY-DECEMBER, 1907 PRESS OF REPORT PUBLISH INC, COMPANY. LEBANON.

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JANUARY,

1907

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Frontispiece

— Map

of Pennsylvania,

Showing the Successive Forma-

tion of Counties

German Migrations

in

2

the United States and Canada

—A

Sym-

posium of Historical and Descriptive Sketches

—

By H. \Y. Kriebel The Germans in Eastern New York By F. K. Walter The Pennsvlvania-Germans in Western New York Bv Stacv

Settlement of the Counties of Pennsylvania

—

D.

—

'

Behe

The Pennsylvania-German Shooting-In the

By

....

New Year A :

...

Illinois

in

Peculiar Pennsylvania-German

Custom

I.

H. Betz.

The York Riflemen

II.

of

War

19

Christopher Wiegner, the Tovvamencin Diarist W. Kriebel

(Concluded)

— By

H. 23

.

LL.D,

Rev. Isaac K. Funk. D.D.,

The Robber-Chieftain Myles Loring

:

A

12

15

The York Riflemen— By Dr. Civil

9

13

the Editor

the

3

28

of Kopenick

Tale

of

the

Tulpehocken

29

— By

Rev.

Alden W.

Quimby

^2

The Home: Editorial

Greetings

2$ 38

A

Grandmother's Talk on the "Good Old Times" Recipe for "Kugelhop.f"

39

Literary Gems:

—

"... New Year Zum Neuen Jahr 'm "Solly Hulsbuck" sei Neijohrswunsch Des hann mer noth bald En paar Neijohrsgedanka By "Old Schoolmaster Hanjerg" En Tschentelmann uf der Jury An Extract from "Boonastiel" For the

.

—

Editorial Department

.

—

.

40 41 41

42 43

:

Clippings from Current

News

Chat with Correspondents Genealogical Notes and Queries Our Book-Table .

.

40

44 ^

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46 47

4$

2

s.

s.

x

U > ~j~.

~y.

f.

\

—

-1

:

QJ1)£

PmtBghianta-Qkrmau JANUARY,

Vol. VIII

German Migrations

No.

1907

1

United States

in the

and Canada A

Symposium

of Historical

and Descriptive Sketches

Settlement of the Counties of Pennsylvania BY H.

— In

\V.

preparation of this paper free use was made of the histories of Burrowes, Egle and Shimmell, to which the reader is referred for supplementary matter.

Note.

is

the

the object of this sketch

IT accompanying

map

line picture of the

and the

an outgradual settlement to give

and formation of the counties of Pennsylvania, with special mention of the part taken by the people of different nationalities and in particular by the Germans. The most feasible way of doing this seems to be to state in chronological order when each county was formed, when and by whom it was settled, and to illustrate the subject by a kind of county family-tree or genealogical map.

The order

of time in the formation of the accordingly followed in the numbering of the counties. The direction of the arrows on the map (see frontispiece) indicates the source or sources- from which the coun-

counties

:

Northumberland (10), Dauphin (16) and Lebanon (48). The space available to us does not warrant more than a mere passing reference (6), Berks

(7),

the acquisition of

ward movement of the flicts

from the Xew England colYork, Xew Jersey. -Maryland and Virginia helped the immigrants :: England. Scotland. Ireland. Wi France, Germany. Holland and Sweden to settle and develop Pennsylvania. The German immigration began with the Cref elders who arrived in Philadelphia. OcPeople

onies,

Xew

B.v l 7 2 5 tne Germans in 1683. the colony numbered 50.000. and by 1750 they constituted a full third oi the population of the colony, estimated at 270.000. tober.

Governor Thomas said of them

in

1747:

The Germans

of Pennsylvania are. I be) They ha-, three-fifths of the population. their industry been the principal instrument oi raising the state to its present nourishing condition beyond any of his Majesty's colonies in

North America.

is

ties were derived. For example Lancaster (4) was derived from Chester (3) and yielded territory in the formation of the counties of York (5), Cumberland

to

KRIEBEL.

territory,

the on-

settlers, the

con-

Shimmell

in his History of Pennsylvania says These later German settlers pressed out into the wilderness and left Philadelphia and country around it :o the English and Germans in and about Germantown. the Lehigh and Schuylkill valleys, settling in Easton, l^orthamptontown (Allen town), R. Lebanon and Lancaster. Thence they ing. t

'.

pushed oo

between the whites and Indians or

by each nationality.

Susquehanna, down into the

Successive Formation of Counties

among

the whites themselves arising out of conflicting claims, the different types of national character and the part pla\ ed

to the

Cumberland valley and up into the Juniata and Susquehanna valleys. By 1750 the Germans constituted one-third of the entire c which numbered about 270.000 people. T they form the bulk of the population in many counties, and there is no section of the S in which scattered families may not be found.

Philadelphia, k^j. The first permanent settlement within

i.

the present limits oi Philadelphia county

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN was made by the Swedes, who were followed by the English in 1682 and by the Germans in 1683. The county embraced originally the whole north, northwest and northeast section of the State, between Chester and Bucks counties.

Cumberland, 1750. The first settlers were Scotch-Irish, with some English, and were supplanted 6.

by the Germans.

In 1755 the proprietors instructed their agents to encourage the

in Cumberland and the York, to prevent collisions between them. Many of the Scotch-Irish families moved farther west after the

Irish

The

were

Swedes, folby English and have spread over

settlers

first

lowed a few years

later

Welsh Friends, who

most of the southern part and still later by the Germans, who occupied the northern part. The county extended originally northward to the Kittatinny mountains or "as far as the land might be purchased from the Indians."

Chester, 1682.

Swedes, who were mostly English Friends who came over with William Penn. Other nationalities followed. The

The

settled

first settlers

Upland

after the

in 1643.

The

'

first settlements were made between 1704 and 1712 in Oley by Friends. French Huguenots and Germans. A little

Swedes settled in Amity township. Reading was laid out in 1748. The early settlers were mostly Germans, but there were also settlements by the English. French, Swedes, Swiss, Dutch and Welsh. later

XORT HAMPTON, 1 75 2. The first settlers were Scotch- 1 ri$h (1728). who were organized as a church as early as 173 The Germans followed 8.

whom

and Bucks counties.

Irish

;

Lancaster, 1729.

4.

The

first

was made by

settlement

Swiss On the Pequea

the

1709), followed by large numbers of Mennonites ( 17171723) in the central part. The ScotchIrish

settled

(

along the

The Welsh gave

their

Chiques creek.

name

to the

Welsh

mountains, while the English settled the eastern townships. About 1740 the German Lutherans began to settle in the county.

York, 1749. York was occupied

5.

in the southern part by Maryland squatters (1716). who were driven off ( 1728). The first authorized settlement was made in 1729 by

John and James Hendricks. The county was thereafter rapidly settled by English. Germans and Scotch-Irish. By 1732 there were four hundred persons living west of the Susquehanna who paid taxes. At the first election in the county the

Germans iff

carried their candidate for sherby an overwhelming majority.

in

Berks, 1752.

7.

English occupied the southern part the Irish the northern and western, to be succeeded by the Germans the Welsh the eastern. The county included all the territory southwest of the Schuylkill river except small parts of Montgomery ;

settle

Revolution.

;

3.

to

Germans

Bucks, 1682.

2.

t

.

At the formation of the county there were nearly 6000 inhabitants, oi

in 1739.

about 300 were Dutch. 800 Scotchand 400c Germans. After the cl

of the Revolutionary War the original Scotch-Irish settlers began to move ther westward and northward, and the county filled up rapidly with Germans.

Bedford. 1771.

9.

The

date of the first settlement is well established. Seemingly it must have been in 1750 or earlier. In 1755 a road cut through the county from Fr. county to Braddock's road west of the

was lin

Alleghenies.

The

settlers,

first

m

s

from Cumberland and Franklin counties, were English, Scotch-Irish and Germans. That the county had considerable p lation in 1771 ma\ be inferred from the fact that ten lawyers were sworn in that year as attorneys and eleven persons were recommended to the Governor tor license as tavern-keepers. 10.

Northumberland,

Zinzendorf

Sunbury)

visited

1773.

Shamokin

(now

1742 and the Moravians esS tablished a mission there in '~-~ tlements were made soon after b\ in

SETTLEMENT OF THE COUNTIES OF PENNSYLVANIA English, Scotch-Irish and

Germans from

the lower counties.

Westmoreland, 1773. The opening of a road through Bed-

ii.

Somerset and Westmoreland in 1758 prepared the way for numerous

ford,

from the eastern counties, Scotch-Irish and Germans. writer says ''In point of numbers, next to the Scotch-Irish were the Germans. Judged by the names of those who signed petisettlers

A

:

Governor Penn in 1774, one must infer that in some districts the German element predominated over the Irish tions

to

element." 12.

Washington,

1781.

At the close of Pontiac's War in 1763, pioneers from the Scotch-Irish settlements of the Kittatinny valley and Bedford county and from Virginia established themselves within the present bounds of Washington county, chiefly along the Monongahela. 13.

do not seem have moved into the county in consid-

families followed them, but to

Fayette, 1783. A

17.

the Revolution.

Zinzendorf visited the Wyoming valand the Moravians soon after established a mission at Wyalusing. The land was claimed by the people from ley in 1742

who became the first setThey were followed by settlers

Connecticut, tlers.

from the lower counties.

Huntingdon. 1787. The first attempt at settlement was made in 1749 by intruders, but their 18.

cabins were burned by order of the auThe earliest permathorities in 1750. nent settlement was made soon thereafter by the Scotch-Irish and Germans, who began to make improvements in choice spots throughout the county a little later. By 1762 the fertile valleys were dotted with improvements.

Allegheny,

19.

1788.

This territory was long known before

The first attempt at settlement was made in 1748 by the Ohio Land Company. Settlements were begun four years later by settlers from Virginia and

Maryland.

Franklin, 1784. The first settlers (1728- 1740)

14.

were

Scotch-Irish, but the larger proportion migrated west or south, giving way before the German element coming from the eastern counties of the State. It is estimated that no less than three thousand people were located within the present limits of Franklin county at the period of the French and Indian War.

Montgomery, 1784. Montgomery county was

numbers till after Luzerne, 1786.

erable

permanent settlement and was the scene of the clashing between the advance forces of two streams of settlement. The "forks" were examined by Fort Duquesne Washington in 1753. was built in 1754 by the French, and

its

abandoned by them in 1758. The first permanent settlers were mainly Scotch-

20.

settled

by the

Welsh, English. Swedes and Germans, about 1684 in Lower Merion. prior to 1690 in Springfield and Whitemarsh. about 1709 in Limerick, New Hanover and Pottsgrove. In 1734, in a list of 762 taxables and landholders in the county, considerably over one half were Germans and about one fifth were Welsh.

Daupiiix, 1785. Dauphin was settled from 1730 by Scotch-Irish families.

16.

to

German

settled

the

in

Delaware,

1789.

formerly called Upland, the \va> Pennsylvania. in town oldest commenced by the Swedes in 1043 and was the meeting-place of the firs: provincouncil in

1082.

The

first

sett!

followed by the Hollanders these by the English and Wels

were

rs

and

Mifflin. 1780. first settlers were mainly ScotchIrish, who were followed by many Germans from the lower counties. The first settlers located near Lewistown at 1755. were driven back and returned in 21.

The

[768-69, 22.

1720

many Germans

later.

Chester,

cial

15.

but

Irish,

county

LVCOMIXG.

1705.

Originally the population oi the county was composed ci Scotch-Irish ami Ouak-

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN ers,

who moved

ties.

They were followed by

from the lower coun-

in

the

and by people from Xew England, Xew York and New Jersey, who have thrown into obscurity the nationality of the first settlers.

Somerset, 1795.

23.

of a road through the southern part of the county in 1754 and through the northern part in 1758 was followed soon after by a steady stream of

mostly Germans, coming from

the Kittatinny valley. 24.

Greene, 1796.

The

first settlers of Greene county (1754-1760) were adventurers from Virginia and Maryland. For a decade and more the county was the scene of contests between them and the French and Indians. That the Germans found their way into the county is shown by the very pathetic story of the Eckerly brothers. _

25. •

Wayne,

settled about 1757

adventurers from Connecticut. ulation

is

chiefly of

by

The pop-

Xew England

origin.

Adams county exclude them.

since spread over

2.7.

formed

to

Armstrong,

— orig-

1800.

This county, the scene of many Indian fights, was purchased in 1768 and 1784 and settled about 1800. Egle says: "The early pioneers were from the eastern sections of the State, many of them Germans who by their thrift and frugality have transformed the wilderness into a garden of beauty." 28.

Beaver, 1800.

The

the early pioneers,

coming from Westmoreland. Allegheny. Washington. Fayette and counties east of the mountains. Irish, Germans and Center, 1800.

30.

The

first white settlers, Germans and reached the county about 1768. were driven out during the Revok and returned after its close. That mamGermans must have been in the count;, is seen from the statement by a historian, that German was taught in ail the schools in the south side of the county up to about 1850.

Irish,

Crawford, 1800. The county was uninhabited by white men until 1788. when a band of pioneers 31.

from Northumberland

"The

white settlers were Zeisberger and other Moravians, who established a mission in 1770. The county was opened to occupancy by law in [792 and was settled mostly by people from the older

near

settled

I

Egle says:

early settlers were chiefly

German.

and emigrants from Xew England and Xew York, and such sub-

Scotch-Irish stantially

Adams, 1800. The first settlements (1736-1740) were made by the Scotch-Irish, who occupied the western part of York county as originally constituted, the Germans occupying the eastern part. The Germans have 26.

inally

among

extraction were

present town of Meadville.

1798.

The county was

German

Pennsylvanians of Irish and

Scotch followed later on.

The opening

settlers,

Butler, 1800.

29.

Germans

the

population

has

continued

to be."

Erie. 1800.

32.

In 1795. the vear when the city of Erie was laid out by surveyors, there were but four families residing in what is now Erie county. The first court-hous< erected in 1807. Some settlers from New York and Xew England, but the greater number came from the lower counties of Pennsylvania. .

1

Mercer. 1800.

2^.

The southern

part of this county be peopled about 1705. The first settlements in the neighborhood of the town of Mercer, principally by pe< k

gan

to

|

from Westmoreland. Washington and Allegheny counties, were made about 1806.

first

counties

some

whom may Societv.

Irish

and Germans, among

be mentioned the

Harmony

34.

Venango,

1800.

This section was visited by the F~ in 1740,, abandoned by them in 750. visited in 1707 by Moravians, wh lished a mission station near the mouth oi 1

the

Tionesta.

Settlers

from

and

abandoned

the older counties

it

\~~

and from

SETTLEMENT OF THE COUNTIES OF PENNSYLVANIA

New

England

began

to

arrive

about

Warren,

35.

McKeax,

40.

The

1790.

The

King,

1800.

settlement was made about 1795 in the northern part of the county by a few Scotch-Irish families from PhilEgle says adelphia. "Yankees have ruled Warren county and to their enterprise and industry its rapid development About 1830 some is largely attributed. Germans found their way into the county first

:

and made

its

attractions

known

1800.

New England. New York and the older counties of the State, with a sprinkling of Germans. from

41.

and mechanical departments have been and now are largely supplied from tural

and the older counties of Pennsylvania. 42.

settlement was made about colony from Virginia. Delaware, Maryland and Philadelphia located near

The first attempt at settlement in Indiana county was made in 1769; improvements began to be made about 1772, near the present town of Indiana. The early settlers came from the eastern counties of the State, in great part from the Cumberland valley, and were mostly of Scotch-Irish descent, altho' many Geralso

found

their

way

into

the

county. 37.

Cambria, 1804.

The first settlers in the county took up their residence near Loretto in 1797. The early settlers were Irish, Welsh and Germans. Egle says: "The grand source of population was the Pennsylvania-German stock, Mennonites or Amish, whose descendants preponderate in certain sections to the present day." 38.

Clearfield, 1804.

The settlers who began to arrive about 1800 came mainly from other sections of the State. Germans are found notably at

Luthersburg.

first

A

1795.

Wellsboro in 1800. Most of the early settlers were of New England or New

York 43.

Indiana, 1803.

Tioga. 1804.

The

this foreign element."

mans

Potter, 1804.

The first settlement was made in 1808. The settlers came from the eastern States

to their

In a few years a large friends abroad. Protestant German population had sought homes here, mostly in and around Warren borough, where they and their descendants still remain. Both the agricul-

36.-

1804.

settlement was made by Mr. of Philadelphia, about the year The early settlers came mainly first

origin.

Bradford, 1810.

The Moravians established a mission at Wyalusing in 1763, which was abandoned began

in

1772.

Permanent settlements

Fox and Peter Scheufeldt. Germans. The first settlers were mostly of New England origin. in

1770 by Rudolph

Susquehanna, 1S10. The first settlers of the county were Connecticut claimants, who began to ascend from Wyoming about 1785. Most

44.

of the settlers were 15-.

New

Englanders.

Schuylkill, iSii.

Several

German

families

settled

near

Orwigsburg in 1747. The county does not seem to have been visited very much by white men prior to 1790. when Ger-

man

farmers settled north of the Kitmountains in the valleys. The discovery of coal brought the English. At the Irish and Welsh into the county. time of the formation of the county it contained from six to seven thousand intatinny

habitants. 46.

Lehigh,

1812.

Jefferson, 1804. 39. The first permanent

The first settlers were Scotch- Irish, who were soon followed and greatly out-

southern part.

There the Germans. few settlements prior to 723. although a few families probably had moved By 175 J it had this territory about 1715. a population of about 2000.

settlement was made in 1797. The early settlers came mainly from the older counties, many being of New England origin, while some Germans established themselves in the

numbered by

\

1

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

8

47.

Columbia, 1813.

who made way

for the

Germans.

Lebanon, 1813. The first settlements within the present limits of the county were made in Derry 48.

township by the Scotch-Irish prior to 1720. About three fourths of the county were originally settled by Germans, some of whom came from New York between 1723 and 1729; others immigrated from Germany about the same time. 49.

Union,

181 3.

A

few pioneers settled about the mouth of Penn's creek between 1750 and 1755, but were driven away the latter year by the Indians. Many Irish and German adventurers moved into the county after Settlers from the lower counties 1768. followed, 50.

many

of them Germans.

earliest settlement

was made

be-

Perry, 1820.

The

first

settlement within the present county was made as early

limits of this

as 174I by Germans, who were removed the next year by the proper authorities. The early settlers were Scotch-Irish and German, and by 1755 h^-d become quite

numerous many were

in

Sherman's valley, when and the survivors were

killed

kept in constant alarm. A large number of German settlers moved into the county after the Indian troubles had been settled.

52.

settlers were Scotch-Irish, as early as 1749. Germans into the east end about 1754. These first

who came came

were repeatedly driven out and many of them killed or captured by the settlers

Indians.

After 1768 the

more peace.

German. Clarion, 1839. No settlements were made in what is now Clarion county till 1801, when two bands of pioneers moved in. The settlers came from other parts of the State. Clinton, 1839. 55. The first actual settlement was made The settlers came from prior to 1769. the lower counties of the State and were mainly of Scotch or Irish descent. chiefly 54.

Wyoming, 1842. Wyoming was not settled

56.

until

after

settlers

with

the

were mainly

some

permanently

The

Revolution.

early

Xew

Englanders, from the lower

Germans

Carbon, 1843. Carbon was settled as early as 1746 by The the Moravians on the Mahoning. population is of mixed origin. Elk. 1843. 58. This county was unsettled until l8lO, when a few pioneers of Xew England In origin began to establish themselves. 1842 a German settlement was made a few miles north of Kersey. 59.

settlers

enjoyed

Blair, 1846.

Settlements began

to

be

made about

The first settlers were mainly 1750. Scotch-Irish and Germans. Large numbers from other counties and from other States have settled in the towns. In 1755 a colony of

German Punkards

Morrison's Cove, many scendants are still there. 60.

Juniata, 1831.

The

settlement by the Dutch existed on the Minisink tlats of the Delaware above the Kittatinny long before it became known to the proprietary government. The population is of a mixed description, the south and southeastern part being

57.

low Milford by a party of Hollanders prior to the arrival of William Penn. The people are mainly of Xew England or Pennsylvania origin. 5.1.

1836.

A

counties.

Pike, 1814.

The

Monroe,

53.

Settlement began to be made about the commencement of the Revolution. Many of the settlers were Germans from the lower counties of the State. Catawissa was originally a settlement of Quakers,

of

settled in

whose de-

Sullivan. 1847.

Settlements were made between and 1704 by Germans and peoj the

Xew England

[784

States and their

scendants. 01.

Forest, 1848.

The Moravian Indian missionary berger was probably the

first

white

Zeis-

man

SETTLEMENT OF THE COUNTIES OF PENNSYLVANIA to enter fall

of

about

what

now

Forest county in the Settlements were made by people from the older is

1767.

1800

Germans from

counties and by therland. 62.

Fulton,

The tween

1730 and

numbering

were made be-

The 1740. were ejected

pioneers.,

by legal were of dif-

62,

force in 1750. The settlers ferent nationalities, the Scotch-Irish pre-

dominating. 63.

Lawrence,

1850.

David Zeisberger and Gottlob Senseman, the Moravian missionaries, were first white men who dwelt within the boundaries of the county at Moravia. The place was built up in 1770 and three vears later was deserted. White settlers from the older surrounding counties be-

the

gan

to

move

in after 1795.

The Germans BY

F.

K.

immigration into Xew imi the colony itself. governor of the colony

The first was not a Dutchman, but Peter Minuit, a German who had fled to Holland from Wesel on the Rhine during the Thirty Years' War. Among the early settlers were many Germans who had gone to Holland from practically all parts of Germany and even from Switzerland. Among the Germans who appear on the of "Early Immigrants to New Netherland, 1657-1664,'' we find Christian Bleyer, of Stolzenau Peter Classen, of Holstein Heinrich Hendersen, of lists

:

;

Westphalia Simon Scholz, of Prussia, and Conrad Gross, of Switzerland. These early immigrants, who were mostly artisans, were soon assimilated by their Dutch neighbors. In many cases, even their names assumed Dutch forms, and the persistence of an occasional surname ;

is

practically

all

that

is left

to tell oi their

presence in the colony. After Minuit. the next prominent German name we is that of Jacob Leisler, oi Frankfurt-on-the-Main. who led the unsuccessful rebellion against the English rule and

meet

Snyder, 1855.

Cameron, i860. The first settlements were made

66.

in the years 1809 to 18 15 by people from eastern and middle Pennsylvania, from Xew Jersey and the Xew England St Many German names are found in tru

of pioneers. 6y.

Lackawanna,

The

1878.

erected on the where Scranton now stands was built in 1788.

cabin

first

WALTER, OF THE BROOKLYN (N.

York begins with wi

1850.

This region was settled during the Revolutionary period by settlers from the older counties, many of whom were Germans.

in Eastern

THEYorkGerman I

Montour,

This region was settled durii Revolutionary period by settlers from the lower counties. 65.

1850.

settlements

first

the fa-

64.

New V.)

York

PUBLIC LIBRARY.

acted as provisional governor of N York from 1689 to 1691. In genera". Germans seem to have played an u:

portant part in the affairs oi the colony until 1708.

In March. 1708. a company of one persons, under the leadership oi Rev. Joshua Kocherthal. arrived in Lor. They were German refugees who had fled from political and religious tion in the Palatinate. Their des aroused the sympathy oi Queen Ai who contributed to their support fi Permission to set her private purse. in America was granted them and a guaranteed for their support until were fairly settled in their new he In October, 1708. Kocherthal and fiftytwo companions sailed for Xew York with Lord Lovelace, the newly appointed Early in the governor of the colony. spring of 1708 lauds were allotU in the Quassaic creek and Thansk.. district. Here they founded tin ment of Xeuburg, now Xewhurc nam ng it from Xeuburg in the I |

I

s

S

The

terrific

into voluntary

winter of 1708-1exile thousands of other 1

;

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

10

German

peasants and artisans.

In the

utmost destitution they wandered down the Rhine into Holland. Their great numbers and utter poverty alarmed the Dutch, and as quickly as possible they were passed over to London by way of Rotterdam. Between May and October, 1709, between 13,000 and 14.000 had arThey were received rived in London. The queen again with great kindness. drew on her private purse and the nobility contributed nearly £20,000. Barracks

were erected at Greenwich for their enSome of these "Palatine tertainment. houses" are said to be still extant in Newington. Again the great numbers and destitution of the Palatines made prompt action on the part of the authoriband of linen-weavers, ties necessary. 2800 in number, were sent to Ireland about 600 were sent to North Carolina others were settled in Virginia, and ar•

A

rangements were made

to send 3000 to with Colonel Hunter, who had succeeded Lord Lovelace as gover-

New York

nor. It is

who

asserted that the

at this time

were

Mohawk in

chiefs

London with

Schuyler and Nicholson, offered the Palatines a refuge in the Schoharie district. Though no definite promise seems to

have been made, the Palatines seem to have believed there was such a promise and the failure of the English to settle them there was one of the principal causes of the discontent which followed their settlement on the Hudson. Before leaving London, the Palatines signed an agreement to settle wherever lands were assigned them, to refrain from going out of the province without consent of the governor of New York, to engage in the manufacture of naval stores and to repay by their labor the cost of their transportation and supplies. Early in 17 10 the company embarked from London. The Palatines suffered greatly on the voyage and 470 died en route. The remainder were quarantined for a time on Nutten, now Governor's Island, where about 250 of them died of ship-fever. Many of the children were bound out to the people of New York. One of these. John Peter Zenger. was bound out to William Bradford, the printer. Zenger's subsequent trial in 1735 practically assured the freedom of the press in colonial America. In the meantime, Governor Hunter had purchased large tracts of land ad the Hudson, on which to settle the immigrants.

Courtesy

XHS PALATINES' CHURCH AT KEWBURG.

N.

•!

V.

U< v

r.

C

OmH,

IXP.

THE GERMANS

IN

About 6000 acres of this land were purchased from Robert Livingston, of Livingston Manor. The Schoharie diswas rejected and not

as less accessible to so well adapted to the production of naval stores as the lands along the Hudson. In the latter part of September and the beginning of October, 1710, the Palatines, with the exception of trict

New York

424 persons who remained in Xew York, were removed to this tract and settled in seven villages. On the east side were four: Hunterstown, Queensburg, Armsburg and Havsburg, with a population of about

The general name East given to this district, which

1200.

Camp was

afterward became Germantown. West Camp, on the west side, comprised three villages: Elizabethtown, Georgetown and New Village, on the present site of Saugerties.

Loss of interest and dissatisfaction with the expense incurred on the part of the English government, bad management by the colonial authorities, and mutual misunderstanding and dissatisfaction on the part of both Palatines and authorities, put any permanent prosperity out of the question. Little by little the population decreased until by 17 18 it had fallen to 1 601, and the Germans were scattered along the east side of the Hudson from Rhinebeck to Germantown. and on the west side from Newburg to Schoharie. Wearied by frequent appeals, Governor Hunter at last gave permission to the greater part of these people to remove from the Hudson settlements to Schoharie, where they founded Weisersdorp

(Middleburgh), Brunnendorp and sevBut Schoharie failed to be the anticipated haven of rest. Confusion over lands held under both. Dutch and English titles proved so vexatious that in a few years all but about three hundred had removed either to the Mohawk valley and westward, or. under the leadership of John Conrad Weiser, to the Tulpehocken region in Pennsylvania. William C. Bouck, governor of New York in 1843-45, was a descendant oi one of those who remained in Schoharie. So deep an impression did the dissatisfaction of the German settlers make on eral other villages.

EASTERN NEW YORK

II

from a shipPalatines who arrived in NewYork in 1722, there was no further siderable German emigration to New York until after the Revolution. John Jacob Astor, who arrived in New York in 1783, was one of the most noted of the early post-revolutionary immigrants. During the Revolution the Germans of eastern New York played an honorable In 1775 a militia regiment, which part. afterward became the Fifteenth of New .York, was raised in the Schoharie district. The Germans along the Hud did their share as well. At Oriskany and Fort Stanwix, during the Tory and Indian attacks on the Mohawk valley and Schoharie, the Germans did much to assure the final success of the American their compatriots, that, aside

load of

cause.

Although the

last

considerable body of

Germans came to New York in [722, German immigration never entirety Coming as individuals or in ceased. small parties, rather than in lar^e companies, they assimilated with their neighbors much more quickly than did :

kinsmen

Pennsylvania, and failed to

in

exert collectively any special influence For this reason it is c on the State hard to determine with certainty the earliest German settlers in a particular gion. The first certain German nam. Brooklyn is that oi Johann Schv. I

kopf,

maker

hunter, herbalist, of "bitters." who

and

perfumer

came

to

Amer-

1740 and 1750. directory for 1813 contains only a few German names and not u 181 8, when Johann Klein made a ma] the city, did a German receive public ica

sometime between

The Albany

mention

The

Troy.

in

political troubles in

German}

181 5 to i860 greatly increased both the quantity and quality of German immigra Not only halt-starved peasants, tion. but university men and members of the nobility

came both

as political is a

Carl Schurz

tary exiles.

example.

Xew

of entry,

became

and volun-

prom-

York, as the chief port the center of

German-

and many of the who afterward became prominent in the

American

activity

West served

part of their apprenl

:

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

12

Americans in New York. Between 1820 and i860 the German immigrants numbered 1,186,376. By 1834 the Ger-

borough of Manhattan they have become so numerous that Xew York ranks as one of the largest German cities of the

man

world.

as

was large enough to decide the The same year the NewYorker Staats-Zcituug was founded. It vote

local election.

still

its

continues to be influential because of

genuine merit.

From Xew York

as a

center the Germans spread throughout the entire State. In Brooklyn they first began to be prominent about 1870. In twenty-five years (1880-1905) they increased from 72,000 to 135,000. In the

The Germans of Xew York have been of the greatest service to the State from the time of Mintiit to the present. They have

D.

IiEHE,

the early part of the century just passed western Xew York was chos-

IN

many Pennsylvania-Germans and proper place in which they could make a home for themselves and their posterity. The dense forests which then covered that beautiful and fertile country were a sign to them that a soil fertile enough to produce the giant trees would, if cleared and cultivated, .produce bounteously for them, and time has proven by

as a

fit

en the wisdom of their selection.

Their migration from Pennsylvania to western Xew York was attended by many hardships and difficulties, the journey from their native State taking often from two to four months. Their householdgoods, which were not many, were loaded upon a two-wheeled cart drawn by oxen, the wheels being of wood, all of the family walking, except those too young for such travel these were placed on the The ox-cart with the household-goods. journey was often made over roads that were nearly impassable in many cases they were mere Indian trails through the woods, as very few roads were then laid ;

;

out.

Among those who sought homes for themselves and families in western Xew York, we find the names of Ernest, Witmer, Spoon, Dysinger, Behe, Eshbaugh. Balliet, Wertman, Karchner, Newcomer, Smech, Levan, Shaffer, Keck, Lerch. Shimer, Zimmerman. Long. Ilollenbeck. Wisterman, Stabler, Miller and many

try, thrift

Perhaps the Dysinger family

in

is

one of

and

American

to

line of practical activity

sincerity.

Western

LOCK PORT,

N.

New

York

Y.

if not the largest family now residing in western X'ew York. About five years ago the Dysingers formed a society and held a reunion which over three hundred attended, including those who have married into the family. Since then they have held a reunion each year, and it is their intention to continue this custom. Xear the beginning oi the past century, several Dysingers migrated to western Xew York, and there are now several distinct branches oi the family, of whom many have taken up their res dence in the West. They are largely a family of farmers and very few have entered the professions or followed c

the largest,

-

I

pursuits.

About the year 1S25. John Ernest moved from Pike county. Pennsylvania, to what is now Niagara county. Xew York, and settled in the woods al three miles southeast oi the present city of Lockport. where he cleared the I of the timber and began the cultivati of the soil, to help in the support of his family. By trade he was a blacksmith and much oi his time was spent at the forge, there being many old tools made by him yet to be found in the surroundii g country. In the year 1S44 he was killed

by a falling

He was

tree.

survived

large family, consisting of a wife, seven

boys and two

girls.

The widow and

five

)f the reof the children are now dead. maining four two reside in Seneca I

county, Ohio, and two

Xew

others.

themselves

Xo

has been without them, no part of the State has been without the influence of their sterling Teutonic virtues of indus-

The Pennsylvania-Germans BY STACY

adapted

conditions.

York.

Some

are engaged in

in

of

Niagara county.

descendants farming. Others in his

I

J

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMANS

IN

WESTERN'

NEW YORK

I

ness, while several of the younger generations have become professional men,

died about two years ago at the ripe old age of eighty-five years. The Behes

among whom might

have been farmers for many general: and that vocation is now chiefly followed by them, although a few of the you: members of the family have entered

be mentioned Dr. J. Glenn Ernest, of Gasport, Xew York,

and Harry Ernest, of

Xew York

City,

who is at present connected with the Xew York World, as well as being engaged in other enterprises. Henry Ernest, a brother of John, migrated to Niagara county, Xew York, from Pike county. Pa., about the same time as his brother. He married Elizabeth Dysinger. He died several years ago, survived by a large family. His

widow

an advanced age. Pennsylvania-Germ

\\

~

.

In southern Germany boys and girls go about on Xew Year's day. knock at the doors and While doing ask for the Neuja

they manifest a peculiar fondness for far.: In ble noise. clothing and the g Switzerland the PostcrU moves about the valr an leys in the shape of an old aritch a>s. attended with a weird clamor of w nun's horns, kettles, bells and pans: Ruprccht makes his round, scaring adults and about terrifying children; or Bcrchtci 1

1

-

in

houses

in

monstrous

In Alsace Hans Troff. a mas rid face. fellow, prances about the room « But the clanging bells. face and a string pular fundamental idea oi all thes< customs is the same the procession of a Idess friendly divinity, the benefio it g N

.

—

year, who. now that winter's strength takes again possession of what

her own.

is

:

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

i6

A Secular Holiday — New Year's Shooting As was stated in a previous article, our German forbears in Pennsylvania regarded New Year's day more as a secuand social than a religious holiday. Excepting certain denominations that lar

would make the

transition

from the old

year to the new with a night-service of prayer and song known as a Wachnacht, religious services were not usually held, unless New Year happened to fall on Sunday. Perhaps the fact that the gospel and epistle lessons of the day, as read in the Catholic and the older Protestant churches, contain no reference to the newyear, will account in some measure for the tendency to secularize the day.

and make the celebration as noisy

as posYear's shooters would meet in some blacksmith's shop, load the anvil with powder and fire off the charge, causing detonations "loud enough to rival modern explosions of dynamite.* Sometimes also, when making their roun^ would happen that one or more of the party indulged too freely in the refresh-

the

sible,

Xew

1

ments offered by their hosts, especially the Dram un ScidcrciL and came home in a condition ill befitting a Xew Year's celebration. This of course was one of the abuses which tended to make the Xew

custom, however, that was dis-

Year's shooting unpopular. The Xew Year's wishes which constituted the more interesting feature oi this peculiar method of ushering in the year,

we know, excluPennsylvania-German, was the

were usually in metrical form and had to be carefully committed by the spokesman

NeijoJirschiessa, the shooting-in of the new year. This is the name by which it is generally known, tho\ as the shooting

of the party. learn from advertis ments in the Allentown Friedens-Bothe of 1832 and 1833 that various kindthem were printed and kept for sale in the bookstore. Nowadays, like the shooters and saluters, they have become quite rare. are indebted to Mr. John Ba'er Stoudt, of Lancaster. Ta.. a well known contributor to this magazine, for the following samples, both oi which

One

tinctively and, so far as

sively

was but one part of a twofold performance, it is more correctly described by a twofold term wishing-in and shooting-in ;

the

new

year,

a'schiessa.

's

Neijohr cfwinscha un

The custom was once very

general, but has almost died out in our day. will let Dr. describe it, quoting from his essay on Pennsylvania-

We

German

Home

We

:'

We

he has heard recited.

language and manners in History of Lehigh and Carbon life,

the counties. Meaningless as this custom may appear, its abuse only rendered it unpopular. In that elder day, when brass-bands and other instrumentalities for serenading were not so common as now, the new-year shooting salutation also had its significance and possibly its benefits. It was a means of manifesting good will and expressing greetings which now is supplanted by less offensive methods. The shooting, how-

was not the exclusive exercise. Beautiful verses of hymns and Scripture were committed by the members of the company, and those were repeated, singly or in concert, under the windows of those to whom at the midnight hour, through snow and storm, they wended their way. If shooting was not agreeable to the persons visited, it was not indulged in. as permission was always asked before the first shot was fired. Those to whom these salutations were conveyed recognized their indebtedness to the kind purveyors by inviting them into the house, and handed around refreshever,

ments.

Sometimes, when the main object was not to convey neighborly greetings, but to work off exuberance of animal spirit

A New Year's Wish to the "Hausvater" The first of these Neujahrssvunsc addressed to the head of the house and reads as follows Da nun das (igoTte) Jahr einhricht. So ist es audi mein Schuld and Pflicht, Dass ich mein Wunscll an Each ausricht. Ich wunsche Euch und Eurer Hau>.*rau. Sohnen und Toclr.ern. Knechten und Magden. Und alien denjenigen, die in Eurera Hausc -

Insgemein ein gluckseltg, gnadenr Jahr.

Wohl

auf den

Xamen

C

Jesu

Das neue Jahr erschienen

ist.

Es

prehort auch /u der Christenhett, Weil's Gott der Yater hat bereit.

Das hochgelobte neue Jahr

Wunschen wir euch noch vielmal. bekommet graue Haar

Bis ihr

Und

init

Ehren werdet

alt.

Himmel auch erhalt't. [immelslust und G s S

Zuletzt den 1

Gottes Gunst bleib euch geu pen, Bis die Seelc mit der Y Kommt gen Himmel gen Euer Sit- ist schon here:: Dort in jener Ewigkeit :

;

;

NEW YEAR

SHOOTING-IX THE Dievveil wir

Von eurem

Euch nun

diese

Nacht

Schlaf hab'n aufgwacht,

ist es auch mein Schuld unci Prlicht, Dass ich bei euch mein Wunsch ausricht; So wunsch ich euch aus Herzensgrund, Und alle Stund, so lang ihr lebt auf Erden, Dass euch Gott mochte geben Gliick, Heil und Segen. Und was euch schadlich ist an Leib und Seel, Gott feme von euch treib.

So

Gott segue euch und eure Kinder, Und euer gauzes Hans und Hot"; Er gebe euch himmlische Gaben, Dass Gesundheit und Freiheit Euch begleite bis in Ewigkeit. Er segue an euch sein gottlich Wort, Und lass es leuchten fort und fort, Bis kommet neues Leben Dann nimmt Christus eure Seel in Hand Und fiihrt sie in das Yaterland Zu seiner auserwahlten Schaar. Dies wiinschen wir euch durch dieses Jahr. Was ferner euer Hab und Gut darneben, Zu allem wollt euch Gott Gliick, Heil und Segen geben. Der Segen wird auch nicht von euch bleiben, Wenn ihr was Gott gefallt thut treiben. Wenn euer Thun geschieht mit Gottesfurcht und Ehren, So wird euch Gott den Segen auch bescheren. Ihr lebt, und wisst doch nicht wie lang, Ihr stirbt, und wisst doch nicht wie geschwind Doch ist euch datum gar nicht bang,

Weil alle Menschen sterblich sind. So trift't auch euch einmal die Reih', Geht gleich der Tod auch heut vorbei.

Vermehren sich gleich eure Jahren, So werden auch der Siinden mehr. Und wenn ihr nun von ihnen waren, So ist die Rechnung noch so schwer. Verkuftt Gott aber euren Lauf, So hort der Leib der Siinden auf. Es hangt an einem Augenblick Euer Wohl und ewig Weh. So gibt. dass ihr euch zeitlich schickt, Und eurem Tod entgegen geht. Wohl dem der alle Stunden wacht, Und sich zuletzte fertig macht. Wie wohl kann der die Welt vergessen, Der taglich an den Himmel denkt: Hier muss er Brod mit Sorgen essen, Unci dort wird er mit Lust getriinkt. Lehrt euch den rechten L'nterscheid Der Zeit und auch der Ewigkeit.

Wenn

es dann endlich Gott gefallt. Dass, ihr sollt scheiden aus der Welt. So wiinschen wir auch euch zugleich.

Zuletzt das ewige Himmelreich.

So wunsch ich euch auch ein schemer Sohn, So weis wie Salomon, so klug wie Absolon.

Nun

treten wir ins neue Jahr. Herr Jesu Christe, uns bewahr. Gib Gnad, dass wir das canze Jahr

Zuhrineen mopen ohn' Gefahr. Gib Gliick, auch Fried und Ruh.

Hernach

die Seligkeit dazu.

17

Viel besser ist gestorben, Als in der Welt gelebt, Die Schwachheit ist verdorben,

Worinnen man ge^chwebt. Gott

mit den Seinen

eilet

Zur schonen Himmelspracht, Wer mag nun den beweinen, Der bei den Engeln lacht. Dieweil wir euch nun diese Xacht siissen Schlaf auiwecken, So nehmet ihr euch wohl in^acht, Und thut vor unsern Schiissen erschrecken.

Von eurem

nicht

Denn ich und meine Kameraden Haben alle Gewehre und wohl geladen. 'Wir stehen

Und Den Auf

alle hier zur Seiten, schiessen ab mit Freuden. Schuss. den ich jetzt thu. den thu ich euch

zu Ehren, dass ihr's

sollt

knallen horen.

Surely, the most religious householder could not find fault with these pious wishes and exhortations, however much one might be disposed to criticise the versification.

A New Year's Wish to a Girl The second Xew Year's wish submitted by Mr. Stoudt is addressed to a vouns: unmarried ladv and otters a rather curious mingling of piety and jest. Ich wiinsch dir ein gnaden voiles reiches Jarir. Ein schoner Bursch mit schwarzbraunem Der soil sein schon von GtGleich wie er dir in deinem Herzen wohlg< Der nicht fresst und der nicht sauf:. Der nicht von einer zu der andern lauft. I

—

I

Der bei dir scfilaft alle Xacht. So kannst du leben ohne Gefahr. Das wunsch ich dir zum neuen Jahr.

Wie das

alte ist

vergangen.

Soil eine neue Lieb anfangen, Bei dir und deinem Schatz Bis ihr kommt ins Himmelreich. Ich wunsch dir auch ein schoner

N'euj

gruss, in dein

Herze soil und muss. deinem Her/en licgt begraben Mit drei goldenen BuchstabetL

Der Der

in

Wer

dieselbige will raus haben. die Gnad und Ehre haben. Der erste ist von Silbcr und ro:hcm Gold. Du bist ihm lieb. er ist dir hold. Der zweite ist von Silbcr und Sammt-Sc Den sollst du lichen und alle andern me:

Muss

Der

dritte

ist

Kein anderer

von Perlen und E soil

dir lieber sein.

nicht haben Steinfgraben. Lichen und nicht bcisammcn JStfi Das ist fiiruahr \ Acli. lieben

and

Ist barter als

-

Fein.

wunsch dir auch em goldner Tisch. Auf jedem Eck cm gebr.itner Fis Ich

.

::

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

i8

Und

*******

Dabei

Mitte ein Bottle Wein, dcine Hochzeit scin.

in der soil

This to the lady of the house: Ich winsch. dir en glickliches Xeijohr

Ich wiinsch dir auch ein gesundes langes Leben, Bis die Miihlstein tragen Rcben, Und daraus la-nit siisser Wein, So lang sollst du deinem eigen sein. Bis die Hecken nicht mehr griinen Und die Dornen nicht mehr bluhen, Und das Meer kein Wasser hat. Gott segne dich friih und spat, Auch so lang die Winde wehen, Und die Sterne am Himmel stehen, So lang ein Bliimlein bluhen mag, Von Ostern an bis Elias-Tag. Und Gott bewahr dich in dem Haus du gehst drauf ein und aus, Vor Feuer und vor Wassersnoth, Vor Krankheit und vor schnellem Tod. Vor Diebstahl und aller Gefahr Behiit dich Gott alle Zeit und Jahr.

Wo

Ferner wiinsch ich dir was ich wtinschen kann, So geh und thu die Bratwurst in die Pfann, Und warte tins ab in aller Eil Bring auch ein wenig Dram und Seidereil. ich meinen Wunsch beschliessen. hoffe dass es dich nicht thut verdriessen Wanns dich aber thut verdriessen, So musst du es sagen eh wir schiessen. Dieweil wir horen kein Verdruss,

Drauf thu

Und

So

:

du horen unsern Schuss. Die Schuss die wir nun thun dir zu Ehren, Die sollst auch knallen horen. Dialect

New

Year's

Un

To

alia

Johr en kleenes Kind.

the head of the household

Draam

nix Beeses in deim Schlof; Krieg dir Kih un schlacht die Schof; Schmeiss da Hund zum Fenschier naus, Un krieg en gute Maad in"s Haus.

To

the girls

Halt eich vun da

Un nemmt Wolla Macht

To

Buwa

frei,

net in's Zimmer nei. sie eich karessira, sie pletzlich fort marschira. sie

the boys

Die- Meed sin wie die beesa Schlanga; Sie wollen all die Buwa fanga. Duht net oft zu ihna renna. Un wenn ihr duht, dann losst's Licht brenna.

:

sollst

Some

Vun do bis naus an's Scheierdohr, En Kop voll Lei>, en Hart voll Grind,

Rhymes

The above .New Year's wishes

are typof the better class. But, as we may well imagine, they were much too solemn and long-winded for those New Year's shooters who were in it for the fun of These accordingly made up the thing. many shorter greetings and admonitions of their own, that were not printed, but simply repeated as heard and improved from time to time by such as had a faculty for rhyming. Here are a few of the rude and ridiculous doggerels formerly in favor with New Year's shooters, the last four being furnished by "Onkel Jeff" in a dialect poem published in The Pennsyl\;ania-German a few years ago. ical

Ich winsch dir en glickseliges neies Tohr. Un en Warscht so dick wie'n OtTarohr. Ich winsch dir en glickseliges neies Tohr. En Schissel voll Sauerkraut un en Seiohr.

A Sermon

The

story

Israel,"

to'

is

for a "Neijohrschitz"

told of a pious "father in a Neijohrschitz came

whom

New Year's night and asked for permission to shoot. He was invited into the house and treated to a searching short sermon on the text in Dent, xxxii. 6: Dankest du also dem Herrn, deinem G one

du toll und thbricht Volkf The men who went about shooting, saying foolish things, eating and drinking and m.V merry the whole night thro', were an abomination to that pious householder, and he did not hesitate to say so. The Belznickel and the Neijohrschitz stc clear of his place. In view ol the salutations just quoted we can hardly b'.

him for the position he took. Undoubtedly in those "good old the New Year's shooters, > as the BchnickcL were of two classes, one well:

II

disposed and courteous, the other rude riotous. Probably both CUSl ms, that oi giving gifts to the neighbors' children on Christmas eve and that of shooting in the new year before the neighbors' doors, were born of kind. friendly, pious motives, but later

and

crated, as all good customs are ,r. into practices "more honored in breach than in the observance." :

Ich winsch dir en glickseliges neies Johr. Unser Freindschait is siwa Kuhschwanz

Hoor.

ee

th£

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

yj

The York Riflemen BY

DR.

I.

H. BETZ, YORK, PA.

(Continued from November, 1906.) II.

our

INreer

first

of

The York Riflemen

paper we brought the cathe York Pennsylvania

Riflemen down to the close of the Revolution.

We

have stated that they were the first troops west of the Hudson river and south of Long Island Sound to appear at Boston in response to the call of the Continental Congress. During its service the company suffered many losses

wounded and prisoners. Manv of its members were promoted to other commands, and after the war some of in killed,

them were found on the pension

list.

Their leave-taking on July 1. 1775, has been recorded, but we rind no notice of their return as a

body

in 1783.

York had no newspaper before

1787.

During the Revolution, while the Congress remained at York, the press of Hall and Sellars was brought up from Philadelphia to do the necessary printing for that body, but it was returned after the evacuation of Philadelphia by the British.

The regiment to which the York Riflemen belonged became the first of the Pennsylvania line. The promotion of Miller and Clark, two of the prominent men of trie company, has been mentioned. The roster of the company must have

been almost entirely changed in sonnel at the close of the war.

The Patriotism

of

its

per-

York County

Xo

other community exceeded York in patriotism and enthusiasm for the American cause. As early as the fall ot l 775 nearly four thousand militiamen

county

had been organized there. Five battalions were sent to New Jersey, and there was a marked scarcity of men, especially of those under fifty years of age. Colonel Thomas Hartley, a distinguished officer from York and personal friend of

Washington, who

later served

twelve years in Congress, wrote to his Excellency Joseph Reed, president of the Congress, March 12, 1779, in regard to

of the Civil \Y \u

some ally

local

matters and added incident-

:

They (the people of York county) knew that they had been a^ patriotic as any; that th^ York District had armed rirst in Per. and had furnished more men for war. and a greater number than any other District on the Continent of the same number of inhabitants.

At Fort Washington alone they lost 300 men, not 50 of which have ever returned, distressed parents and widows daily evino melancholy truth.

York has always been noted for its military spirit, and in every contest, from the French and Indian \Yar down to the late war with Spain, it has been represented by a goodly number of men and Among the latter may be officers. named Ewing, Dottdel, Miller, Clark. Mattson, Grier, Smith. Stable. Hart) Hay, Ziegle, Schall, Franklin. Schriver. Gibson, Smull and Rear Admiral Fra lin.

York Soldiers

in Later

Wars

the close of the war for pendence the York Pennsylvania Riflemen as an organization came to an end.

With

I

Some

of its members, however, rem", important services under Harmar. St Clair, Wilkinson and Wayne in the InIn fact. Hardian troubles of 1700-05. mar and Wilkinson were members of the They regiment during the Revolution. also rendered services during the key Insurrection in 1704. tor which York county furnished a regiment of mill two companies of volunteers and a company of riflemen under Captain Cross.

W

-

Again in the War of iSu-14 the peoYork were represented b\ Genei When Miller, Wilkinson and others. Baltimore was threatened. York sen: a company of volunteers numbering a hundred men under Captain Michael H. the ii< Spangler, which was Fifth Maryland regiment and rendered efficient service at the battle of North Two companies from Har. Point k under Captains Metzgar and Bair ple oi

I

I

:

;

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

20

part in the same battle. Five thousand Pennsylvania militiamen were encamped on the York commons, ready to march at a moment's notice, but their services were not needed. Several volunteer organizations in York attempted to. recruit their ranks for the Mexican War, but not meeting with prompt encouragement, a number of the men went to Philadelphia and enlisted in They rendered good other commands. service, attended with much hardship.

s*4

Ur;-li;iu>

WOMELSDORF,

PA,

the

!

:

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

34

green billows of the restless ocean, rolled

plentiful,

away

not yet the day of eye-glasses (which certainly invest some very mediocre persons with an air of importance;, but he does not stand in need of either their visual aid or their aristocratic suggestiveness. His hands and feet are not those of a dude (a term quite unwelcome to the literary sense, yet exactly descriptive of a more unwelcome type), but arc both capacious and shapely. He is dressed tastefully in black, a little too well for mountain-climbing, yet not at all too well for the sort of service with which one would naturally associate him. In short, his habit and manner are those of a t' logue, or incipient clergyman.

In the distance a few well tilled fields bespoke the presence of man and relieved the scene from the wildness of unbroken forest; but so far as his eye could determine the spectator was alone. How hallowing are the influences of such moments, and how desirable that the dwellers in stifling cityattics, and the hard pressed children of indoor toil everywhere, should come within the charmed realm of their mystic to the horizon.

sway

On

the northern side, viewed from the from a vast parapet of rock a few hundred feet to the eastward, the fairy-land of the Lebanon valley was fully exposed. Far across this enchanting vale, beyond a fine ridge known as "the Summer-Hill," loomed the exquisite outline of the Blue mountain appearing like a cerulean border to the sky and quite unbroken, save by a distant shoulder to the west marking the position of "Round Head'' while in the intervals were emerald fields dotted with rich orchards, cozy homesteads and mammoth barns, and a vast acreage of denser woodland. clearing, or

and he wears

a

moustache.

It

is

Here and there little clusters of houses evinced the existence of villages or towns, and tall white steeples on stone or brick edifices were mutely eloquent of the religious proclivities of the population. In

Such a scene as that which spread before him bewilders and overwhelms the true artist. The delicious rural silence was broken only by the twittering of birds and the occasional echo oi a far away railroad-whistle. The air was laden with the burden of subtle perfui unknown to the cosmetic art. and the streaming sunshine illumined the entire foreground with a flood oi golden gl The effect upon our tourist of the bending azure sky, cloudless on this perfect day, and canopying a boundless sweep of deeper blue lost on the horizon in a delicate veil, almost as tenuous as the fabric of dreams, was such that his delighted

the immediate foreground was Womelsdo'rf; to the left were seen Newmans-

murmured

;

town, Myerstown and Stouchsburg, and skilled in topography might have located Host, Mt. Etna. Rehrersburg, Bernville and other villages or hamlets which sprinkle .the lovely middle ground. While our spectator stands in rapt admiration of the scenic wonders unfolded before him, let us indulge the inalienable prerogative of votaries of fiction, and study the spectator. It is evident that he is scarcely older than four and twenty and that he is in the flush of per-

eye

beamed

its revelings and his lips Xeale's translation of St. Ber-

nard's matchless lines

one

fect health.

The glow

resulting

from

his

vigorous ascent has not vanished from his cheek, and the light in his eye is inHe dicative of a healthful enthusiasm. is well formed, a little above medium height, with an intellectual forehead and a clear, blue eye.

His hair

is

brown and

Jerusalem, the golden languish for one gleam I !

Of

all thy glory, folden In distance and in dream. My heart, like palms in exile.

Climbs up to ga/e and pray For one glimpse of that dear country That lies so far away.

Yet during the hour which he SfM studying the open map before him, his wandering gaze returned a^ and again to the town in the foreground, closely

especially to an enclosure connected with a

stone church surmounted by a white in which many white objects

steeple,

in the sunshine gave proof that a last resting-place of our crum-

gleaming it

was

bling mortality.

— V MYLES LORIXG: A TALE OF THE TULPEHOCKEN When

his long reverie

was ended, our

traveler reluctantly tore himself away from the inspiring scene, and began to retrace his steps down the mountain-side.

The

celerity of the

movement brought

a

smile to his face and as he bounded from rock to rock or slid upon the smoother slopes, he repeated with gusto a familiar line older far than St. Bernard, "Facilis descensus Avcrni." Another quarter of an hour found him by the side of a crystal spring at the foot of the sharp acclivity, where he drank as one that sips nectar. Yet it was not merely pure, cool water ;

Courtesy of Rev.

W.

F.

simple cakes which at that early day were accounted quite luxurious fare for adolescents, and which were generously supplemented with glasses of lemonade icecream being yet a wonder and a rarity.

—

And

indeed, no subsequent picnics transcended the joy of these celebration?. The harmonies of the band, which played at intervals, the gorgeous uniforms of the musicians, the pretty silk banner of the school,

the holiday-dresses of the children, decorated in those years of intense patriotism with rosettes of the national colors above all, the imposing flag of

—

More. Supt.

Bethany Orphans' Home.

BETHANY SPRING AT WOMELSDOUF. that he quaffed, but exceedingly precious

memories. Hither when a child he had come on the occasions of the annual "celebration" of the Union Sunday-school the term "picnic" had not then come into vogue, not at least as respects Sundayschools. The Womelsdorf band led the procession from the little brick church with such stirring airs as "The Red,

White and Blue," "Hail, Columbia, Happy Land," and some other strains which strongly provoked even Sunday-school feet to a responsive movement. Close to the spring narrow boards, like quiltingframes, were laid upon tressels upon these were disposed in long array the ;

35

FA.

the Union, borne aloft amid the rich green of the woods, combined to make impressions not likely to be effaced by

abounding joys or disheartening sorrows oi maturity. Such is the sacred heritage of happy childhood. N'ow, however, an orphans' 1: on the brink oi the spring. The sparkeither the

ling waters bubbled tip through the a

how change « as all large space had been cleared of trees to accommodate the various buildings, and the necessary public avenues had preas of yore, but

I

I

A

empted more of infinitely

should

better

supplant

the forest soil. that

the

noble secluded

the

It

chai ret'

-

— THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

36

and that

home

of health-giving surfurnished for the fatherless and motherless, than that a mere sentiment should be cherished. And our traveler was correspondingly glad and grateful yet we need not wonder that he keenly felt the changes of time. The attendants at the Home, noticing his interested survey, courteously suggested that the superintendent was in his office and would be pleased to receive him but he politely declined the civility, for his thoughts were upon the past rather than upon the present. 'a

roundings had been

;

;

Perceiving that he was the cynosure for it must playfully be of many eyes confessed, even by a partisan, that a stranger in Alt-Berks does not altogether escape observation and comment he vanished from view into the surrounding

—

—

woods.

Emerging near

the railroad-sta-

tion, he, after a scrutiny of

some of

the

dwellings in its immediate vicinity, took the road to town and passed beneath the brick arch of the railroad. Even this had a glad welcome for him he had often paused beneath it to shout ''hallo t" for It the gratification of hearing the echo. was many years since he had last tried it, yet now when he shouted merrily in the deeper tones of manly utterance, it was the older echo of a. childish voice that came softly to his ears, and he was thankful that one friend at least had not changed. ;

He

paused to

the water-cress growing in a streamlet by the side of the road there was an abundance of it in a field just opposite the station and down taste

:

railroad-bank, where another fine While spring gushed from the earth. thus engaged, an omnibus passed him Womelsdorf people do not speak of "stages" and two or three somewhat familiar faces quizzed him. but none recognized him. He walked on, feasting upon the pleasing country and examining every building by the roadside in an effort to revive imperfect memories. Now a turn in the road to the left, and soon another to the right, past a barn and speedily appeared, again on the right, a brick mansion which figured in the enjoyable mental panorama he was striving :

recalled

his

upon that same portico, even the names of some of the family still linsat

gered

in his recollection, but alas-! their faces refused to appear at his bidding. wide place in the road affected him p'.

A

—a

brook that supplied a nearby with motive power and here afforded a watering-place for horses. Here he had once stood upon a little bridge and fished for shiners with a pin attached to a string. Certainly he loitered by the same fascinating brook, but the little bridge had disappeared. Yet he tried to locate the very spot where he had caught his unsuspicious victims. He would fain too have called at the brick house but he feared that, like the bridge, its tenants might be gone. Besides, fifteen years are long enough to turn girls into matrons and boys into bearded men. After a absence we need to ask very circumspectly about our friends, for some of them may have been spirited away, never urably

grist-mill

:

I

to return.

»

more and the Berks was reached. which, passing through Womelsdorf. conBefore stitutes the main or High street. Only a few and Dauphin

steps

turnpike

preturning to the left to enter th tentious portion oi the borough, our pedestrian turned his gaze down the |

and up a gentle ascent, wistfully think g of a dear companion oi his earliest childhood, "little )scar," upon \vh< c

s

white face, with eyelids closed forever in a long, sweet sleep, he had last looked with solemn awe and tearful grief.

And now

the

—

Confidently he

unroll.

to

having

U

is

a left

up-grade

all

Womelsd way to the western Onward, over brick

wheel for the

limits oi the town.

and Hag pavements with curbs hetu over which the feet must be well lifted.

Onward,

straight ahead, except at the next corner, where there is a "square" or widening of both streets. Now.

High street to the business section and the hotels, he turns to the right, past some old houses which OU{ never to be destroyed to make room for

of pursuing

newer

Styles, to a rubble house or. left-hand corner, with a rounded stone at the angle of the pavement first

MYLES LORIXG: A TALE OF THE TULPEHOCKEX

7

j

'-.•-

v

«1

P-^

a

ii&MtS7?K^aiS

"

-

»

BETHANY ORPHANS' HOME AT WOMELSDORF,

Then our

wiser

street,

trunk,

traveler turned clown Frankfor he wished to procure the key of the cemetery-gate, and he recollected that the sexton formerly resided on the north side of the way and that few Womelsdorf families change their residences. His intuition was right, for the lin

sexton's daughter, once a playmate, but now the mother of several children, opened the door and furnished the cemetery-key perhaps from the same nail on which he had last seen it replaced. But her still pretty face showed no sign of recognition, and her caller, ascending a

—

by the same street on and passing a fine brick church, approached the stone structure on the crest of the elevation, and let himself into the cemetery known as "the new ground." It was the same enclosure upon which he had gazed from his viewpoint on the "Eagle's Head" and which had so strangely fascinated him. At the very moment of his entrance the omnibus which had rumbled by him near the railroad-arch, having delivered its passengers at their respective homos. was discharging a trunk unaccompanied by a passenger at the Center Hotel. The hill

to the north

which he had

landlord,

left the pike,

who was

his

own

PA.

dusk the owner of the

having

carefully returned cemetery-key. appeared for supper somehow the new guest evaded the istry of his

name and went

the :

r

:

early to bed.

extinguishing his light our traveler felt for his watch, that he mig wind it and leave it open within re

Before

morning: but and consternation it was missing. A thorough search of his garments failed to disclose it. and he was compelled to believe that cither it had been torn from its fob in the encounter with the underbrush oi the mountain, or else it had been filched from him by a pickpocket during his railroad journey. Upon due reflection he remembered si jostled by a man in the railwa at Reading, also the singular express At that tinu of the stranger's face. now he suspicion had been awakened was fain to believe that that person relieved him of his much prized timekeeper. He was vexed with the occurrence, and it somewhat disturbed his for consultation in the

I

his mystification

:

drowsiness, but a philosophical habit of

mind overcame

the intrusion

and

\h

First. signed himself to oblivion. ever, he took care to place his pocket'.

L."

book under prowler in

the

his pillow, lest

som
n the walls. The ceiling of the rooms was not plastered and papered, the unpainted floor r and joists being exposed to full view. Our furniture was clumsy, heavy and home-made, upholstered chairs, rockers and lounges no: being dreamed oi for a farmer's home. E the locks, hinges and keys of our doors were home-made, as were all the nails used in the erection of the building. The making of was one of father's pastimes during the winter. hail no cuckoo alarm-c' cks I as from sleep in the morning as we lay reveling in sweet dreams in our warm beds of homemade goods feathers and straw, without factory-made brass beds, the woven SpT and patented fandangle mattresses. The d dw we knew were the six-foot grar i

We

I

—

We that reached almost from floor to ceiiine. had no "modern conveniences" in our home no wind-engine had yet been deviled to compel the restless wind to multiply the Our pump was a clumsy. heav> of man. trunk of a tree with long, cold, curved handle that our elders tried to make us lick in zero weather in order that we might hear had ing of the bells in "Hail Columbia."

We

—

:

!

THE HOME no matches, no

coal,

no

coal-oil,

no cooking

the fire on the hearth had died out during the night, we had to take the tallow-dip lantern and scurry through the driving sno-v stove.

It

to "borrow" fire from our neighbors. The flint and steel and the sun-glass were not unfailing helps on such occasions. Nor did we linger to think of putting on rubbers, for these were unknown. There were no green-grocers to bring to our doors fruits from the four quarters of the globe, no butchers to serve us with Chicago

dressed beef in summer; neither did the ubiquitous bakers of these latter days come past our house. Refrigerators were not dreamed of. Fruit jars and cans were not in use, drying in the sun with the accompanying swarms of pestiferous flies being our only way of preserving. had no roller process flour to bake our bread, no granulated sugar to sweeten our home-made coffee or roasted rye—-in fact sugar_ was used but rarely. The bread we were raised on was the coarse rye bread wheat-bread or white bread being seen on the table only on special occasions like harvest, the holidays, or marriages and funerals. Hence the expression JVcissbrot-Frolic, as applied to funerals by thoughtless youngsters. Speaking of funerals reminds me of the death and burial of my young brother. In the funeral procession from our house to the church and cemetery there was no hearse. The rude coffin made by a neighboring carpenter, filled with the mortal remains, was placed on a large farm-wagon, surrounded bv bundles of straw on which the family sat. and thus they conveyed the body to its last resting-pb.ee. In our family we knew nothing of caustic soda, baking-soda or baking-powder, nor did we have the predigested, concentrated, omnipresent breakfast-foods. Sweet potatoes and tomatoes were unknown, so were patent medicines offering ioo doses for ioo cents. managed to get along with less china and queensware than is needed now. How clearly does memory bring back to mind Mother's big mush-bowl, placed on the middle of the diningtable, with hungry youngsters seated around She used to improvise a little lake of rich, sweet milk in the yellow field of tempting mush, and we all applied our spoons, dipping from the common pond and blazing the wav to our hungry mouths with drops of milk and mush. did not iron our linen, for ironing was not in vogue. had no wash-boards, _

We

XXXX

—

We

We

We

39

much

washing-machines. Sewing-machines We were, however, used to the hum of the spinning-wheel, the sharp snapping of the reel the whole winter five days each week. There were no milkseparators, no creameries, no shipping of less

were undiscovered.

to the "city."

We

knew nothing

ment

of seed catalogues, depart-

monthly magazines. photographs, telegraphs, phonographs, with preserved music, oratory, and nonsense, or bicycles, or automobik telephones enabling the whole commun:: learn at once when the baby got its fir;: tooth. or daguerrotypes even shadow-pictures the fad and rage of the times or daily n papers, or railroads. It seems we did not have anything worth living for. Our nearest store was _six_ miles away, the post-office fourteen, the family physician twelve miles. There was no public-school system, hence of course no superintendent to come around and cheer us in our studies. The teacher had to set the copy-books for the pupils, printed forms being unknown. The teacher also had to manufacture the quill pens, steel pens not being in use. had to rule our own paper and not learn very much. In the four months' term we girls did not vex our heads geography, grammar, physiology, history, algebra, geometry, etymolocry a little reading and writing and less arithmetic being all the requirements for a young ladies' course. If a girl studied more than the ordinary amount of arithmetic, it was said she expected to m r a merchant: if English, it was a settled that she was hoping to become a ministores,

illustrated

lead-pencils,

—

—

We

—

I

wife.

Many

of the pleasures of to-day were un-

Pianos and organs were few and far between, the fashionable county-fair

known.

If attractions and detractions was not known. to take a business or pleasure to Philadelphia, we could take our trace on one of the lumbering wagons in the stream of Conestogas threading their slow and weary way to the metropolis, oft in mud Thus deep, for turnpikes had not been built. we got four days oi jolting, bumping, thum] for the pleasure of seeing the sights and Returning we formed ins: a few things. of the promiscuous load oi plaster, salt >^r shad, I etc. believe in the pood old times, but I

'we wanted

:

would not want

live

to

my

childhood

over.

RECIPE FOR "KUGELHOPF.

A

reader in York, Pa., requests directions for making "Kooglc-oop, a most palatable oldtime dish of the eastern counties (of Pennsylvania) that was baked in a pan and eaten with milk."

Kugdhopf, Gugelhopfen or Kugelhipbc is a fatherland dish. a It is baked in juold and takes its name from its rounded form, somewhat like a Kugcl. or ball. Mrs.

genuine

Otto Meyer, of Allentown, Pa., a native of

Baden, recipe

has for

furnished

kindly

making

following

the

it

Mix thorolr

In a pan over the fire a pint of milk, When fully pound of button and elcht ecus. add a pound of Boor and kaeaa the d^uch, adding a jreaat cake, a pfoeb of salt and a tablet

half

a

1

warmed,

Raw

siuMr. J ! well itn the well lot tho douch rise until Oiled, then put the cake in the stove and i>ake about an hour. raisins, eitnni. etc Fruits may be added to improve the taste— Ed. of tine butter :ind fni

-

:

—

;

;:

:

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

Gems

Literary FOR THE

NEW YEAR

ZUM NEUEN JAHR

BY HENRY VAX DYKE.

These are the

gifts I ask thee, Spirit serene: Strength for the daily task, Courage to face the road, cheer to help me bear the traveler's load, for the hours of rest that come between,

Of

Good

And, An inward joy

in all things

These are the things

heard and seen. I

prize

And

hold of dearest worth Light of the sapphire skies,

Peace of the

silent hills,

Shelter of woods and comfort of the grass, Music of birds, murmur of little rills. Shadow of clouds that swiftly pass, And after showers the smell of flowers And of the good brown earth And, best of all, along the way, friendship and mirth.

Kann

tragen. Gieb, dass in Stun den, die der Ruh' ich weihe. Was ich gehort. geseh'n, mich innerlich erfreue. Dies wiinsch' ich mir zumAls wahres Gliick beschieden: Des Himmels Licht und Glanz, Der stillen Hugel Frieden, Des Waldes Dach. des Gras

Der Vogel Sang, der Bachlein Wellentanz, Schatten der Wolken, die im Flug voruberzieh'n

Und nach dem Regen duftenden Segen Von Blumen aus der guten brauntn E

;

'M

UBEKSETZL'XG VOX H. A. S. Dies bitte ich von Dir, Unvvandelbarer Geist Gieb Kraft zum Tagwerk mir, Mut, da->s ich ohne Zagen geh'n den Weg, die Wanderlast karm

Sei Freundschaft. Frohsinn mir ste:s leit beschert.

zum Ge-

"SOLLY HULSBUCK" SEI NEIJOHRS WUNSCH

Ich vvinsch eich en glicklich tin herrlich Neijohr Vum Hans bis naus ans Scheierdohr, Mit Schtall vol) Geil tin Millichkih, Un Kalwer, Sei tin anner Vieh

(Des is for Schlofkep as zum Hals "Eye-openers*'' nemma missa als). Ich ho ft" dass all die Leit sin g'sund, Un flink un schprei wie'n Hasahund.

Die Welschkornkrip g'schtofft bie Un zwanzig Kinner in der Koscht, Mit jahrlich eens meh tu* 'm Hof, Un plenty Woll un Knottelschof.

Of course, es gebt als Dokterbiils: Mer werd ebmols bio tint die "gills." Awer Krankheet treibt mer glei aweg

;

I

*-'

sie

bost,

Mit Zwiwlathee un Deiwelsdr So winsch ich jeders Lots vun Schpai Mit plenty Dei welsd reck im Schank.

Ich winsch eich all en Bauerei, Mit Lots vun "spot cash" newabei Paar "city blocks" mit Heiser druf, Un "private air-ships'' in der Luft, As fliega wie en wilde Gans, Mit "gas-propellers" fescht am Schwanz.

Un

Un alles was mer winscha will Mag jeders hawa, Hill un Fill. Ich winsch en Amt mit guter Pay

En

For Leit zu faul zu schaffa meh. Also der siwajiihrig Kretz For all die Loafers winsch ich jetz; Un alta Bachelors, schei un bleed, Winsch ich Proposals vun da Meed, Dass jeder Mann, so wie 's is bescht, Daheem bleibt in seim eegna Xescht. Ich bin

am Winscha

sechzig Johr, Un hab en gute Hand davor. Wann jeders krigt was ich 'm winsch, Hen all die Leit gewiss en "cinch." So schreiw ich nau des Xeijohrschtick. Un winsch eich liewa Leit viel Glick. Ich hoft" ihr lebt en hunnert Johr. Winsch jedem Mann en Frah odder paar.

—

Ich winsch eich Krefta wie en Ochs. Un sound wie'n alter Eechaklotz; Un wann ihr ufschteht morgets frih En kleener JiggerkerTer-Brih

em g'sund in alia Wetter. "tough" wie Hemlock-Sohlaledder.

Sel halt

Ich winsch eich Geld uf alia Hand, T L n Dividends un elf per cent. Mit "full control." so jeders is "millionaire monopolist." Ich horl die Leit hen all en Ti

Noh

sin sie glei all

Un wann Dann Ich Sel Ich Ich

en

rum

gel

5t,

Mann

for Office laaft, mit seim Geld hot er's glei kaaft.

winsch eich alles plenty. niacin's Xeijohr en gross Sue winsch eich all Greenback- bet'm Roll

winsch da Bahlkep plenty Woll. Die Schepniis. winsch ich. werra Ich hot'f der Knecht krigt WIS Ich winsch da Buwa plenty Sc Un plenty Fitzcel for die Meed. .,

Ich will gern alia winscll

Doch weess kens was

Awer

Was

viel

er

's

Xeijohr

depend uf jeder Mann.

zum Xeijohr

bring.;

kann.

Gut Glick depend uf gut< Mi Un harte Erwet. Schwiti un "hustle": Sel zamma g'schafft un reel .: -

-

Niacin's

Xeijohr herrlich

all

dcr \Veg.

—

—

!:

:

— —— !

LITERARY GEMS

4»

DES HANN MER NOHT BALD POEM IX THE PALATINE DIALECT, BY

"O

mei." sagt der Michel, "Guck, Rosel, geb Acht Ich han dir schun zweemol

meent die Rose!. "Des g'fiel mer ganz gut. Das Singe und Pfeife, Wann's schwer mer zumuth. "Ja

De Vorschlag gemacht

Was war jezt des schee, Wann mir zwee mitnand

Und

Des daht mer

Mer dahten e Stiibche Recht sauwer und nett

Un

Im Nur

Bett,"

mit erne Oefche,

Wo's Feuer

Stiibelche

drinn,

Das hotzelt und brotzelt, Des war nach mei'm Sinn

einrichte, priichtig

Wann Un 's

erscht g'falle

Ja, Michel, 's war nett! Und schliesslich des Oefche

!

Mit Schrankche un

noth erscht das Stiibche

Mit Schrankche und Belt.

0ns konnten vertrage, Uns gehen die Hand

Uns

CROISSANT

E.

ja."

Ins

eenes. das will mir nit geh*

Koppche

ich sollt nemme g'fallscht mir nit. n

Dass dich

drin kracht,

Du

Winters der Sturm heult Schnee runner macht.

O

Bald, daht ich dir singe,

il

Bald kregschte en Schmatz O mei, wars nit himmlisch? Jest redd emol, Schatz!"

"Wann

mei,"

sagt der

alles

Michel,

dir g'fallt

Des is noht 's geringschte, !'' Des hann mer noht bald

EN PAAR NEIJOHRSGEDANKA POEM IN THE PALATINE DIALECT, BY Des Jahr geht nau schrark zum End. un bal werd en neies do sei. Die Chrischtdag sin vor der Dihr. un wann' selle vorbei

sin, is ganz bisJohr meh iwrig. Wann's Xeijohr kummt. no gebt's als grosser Jubel un Larm. Sel wisst ihr in der Schtadt viel besser as mir do hunna im Busch. Awer mir heera ah als die Schtiempeifa brilla in sel

vum

alta

Ellstaun, un iwerall rum heert mer's als knalla, wu's Xeijohr a'gschossa werd. Viel Leit meena, sie kennta's Johr net besser a'fanga as mit gut Essa un Trinka. mit Danza un uf B*such geh un allerhand Plessier. Annera die nemma's viel ernschter; sie gehn owets in die Kerch

un singa un beta, bis 's nei Johr do is. Un deel die gehn in's Bett un schlota wie schunscht ah, un froga net eb's alt heesst odder nei. Doch is *s Xeijohr en arg wichtige Zeit, wann mer's recht bedenkt.

Mer heert oft saga 's gabt nix Xeies unnig der Sun. Sel der schteht in der Biwel Preddiger Salomo hot's en ganz Dutzend mol nunner g'schriwa. Xo sagt mer als wiclder, 's gebt Xau. wel is alia Dag eppes Xeies. wohr? Ich glaab allabeed, wann mer's recht unnersucht. Do is die nadirlich Welt, wu mer drin lewa. Deel meena, sie war erscht abaut sechs dausent Johr do; viel g'schtudirta Leit awer behaapta. sie war schun viel hunnert Milliona Johr alt.

Wan

mag

;

wie's will, 's is ininier die seem Welt, sie davun gemacht is. 's Schtofft, wu werd net meh un net wenniger. 's dut sich immerfart rumschaffa in neie Forms, awer's geht ken Krimmelcha verlora. Wann mer Eis schmelzt, gebt's Wasser wann mer's Wasser kocht, gebt's Schtiem. Der verrliegt in die Sel

sei

;

E.

CROISSANT

W

Lint, dass mer'n nimme sehnt. awer'is als noch do un's kummt widder owarunner in Rega odder Schnee. Un so is's mil annera Elementa. 's alt Schtofft b!c gebt alsfart neia Forms. :

"

I

So is's ah mit da Menscha. Wann en. Bewi gebora werd. sagt mer. 's is en neier Mei Sel is wohr. awer juscht so wek as 's die Seel a'geht. Dem Bewi sei Kerper s ah nei. awer er is aus'm seema al a Schtofft g Fleesch un Blut un Knocha wu die aller;

—

erschta also

is

En

Menscha raus gemacht wara. eegentlich

wann's schun

alia

Xeies unnig der S Sekund ergets uf der We'.: nix

en neies gebt. Wie mit da Menscha so is's ah mit un da Planza un da Schtee, mit alles w der Erd wachst odder in der Erd is 's ah mit Heiser un Bricka un Kercha, mit Hausrot. Waga un Maschina. mit all da ent Dinga, wu die Menscha baua un ma immer 's seem alt Sc 's is Shape: nix Xeies un doch nei. Wie is 's dann mil der Zeit—werd die net nei? Die Zeit is ken Schtofft sie is Idea en Begriff, wie mer uf Hoc wu entscluanna is aus da Mol Sun. vum Moiul un d Schtem mer sclum in erschra Kapitd vun der B wie die Well Die Zeit is iesa. un en Johr is juscht en Schtic as 's nemmt bis unser Erdkuj I

—

—

-




s

youthful population, "teaching idea how to shoot." successfullv cultivated

For wheal

the

acre-

I

o1 J

»

sh


lama-^annatt

v..

A POPULAR MAGAZINE

^a.^risv*

-

•

' --

SY,

2RATURE, ETC

FOLI -.

m^M?

*

-

(T

THIS

:.R

i

The Second Pari

of

CGMTAIMS

Oor

im:

Syi

GERMAN MICRA1 IN TH£ AND CANADA

D STATES ;

ALSO Rev.

John G. Morris, graphical Sketch)

The York Riflemen

D.D.,

f

LL.D.

(

(Illustral

Continued

A

Historical Sketch of Schai

i

is

trations), Part Firs:.

Hon. Petf

j

S.

Grosscup, Judge of

S.

I".

C

: =

peals

Myxes

L
.l

equivalent

fnmi .>t

sohtr.nl

Scbu

-

r,

-

^>. narrow lane. Ed. lar44aae. 1

—

:

78

;

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

A little west of the town is the ground upon which the menagerie of yore exhibited its canvas delights. the former Academy boys, fairly sedate members of

To many of who are now society,

the

magical name of Van Amburgh is included in those immortal ones "which were not born to die." Who was the author of these classic lines is a query which may never be answered but as they cause a thrill to every true Womelsdorfian, they shall be preserved in cold type ;

And we'll go To Van Amburgh's show, To see the lion and the wild kangaroo And we'll all flock together, And we'll go Way down to Van Amburgh's show. Once at least the "Father of his country" honored Womelsdorf with his presence. It was in the autumn of 1793, while he was making a tour of the valley and the citizens, including some Revolu;

tionary veterans, marshaled by Captain

Samuel Dewees, serenaded the illustrious Washington. John Pliny made an address of welcome, presumably extending "the freedom of the city." The autobiography of the gallant captain narrates that, being unwilling that the affair should be destitute of music, himself played the fife to some well-worn continental airs, and that Washington in an appreciative response requested that no salute be fired. Many of the sons of Alt-Berks had fired graver salutes on the hard fought Nor was the fields of the Revolution. county unrepresented in the war of 18 12 and the Mexican war. But her stalwart sons turned out in large numbers during the dark days of our civil strife. What youth of that period will ever forget the martial sound of fife and drum, the universal display of bunting, the constant alarum, and the frequent transportation on the railroad of troops en route to Harrisburg and Camp Curtin ? To these troops Womelsdorf contriAmong the very buted its full quota. earliest responses to the call to arms was that of Captain John C. Shearer's Company E, of the Fourteenth regiment. Pennsylvania Volunteers. How the pa-

triotic pride of the wives and sweethearts of these heroes and their succes- ra swelled in spite of scalding tears, when they marched away to the front in their

uniforms of blue trimmed with red. lending witchery to the dusty streets of the quiet

again

town

— not

!

all,

When for

they

some

came home

sacrificed their

—

for their country a dinner was spread for them in an orchard, and the urchins of the town ecstatically feas upon the "hard tack" found in their knaplives

sacks, the nearest possible approach to the realization of their aspirations for a soldier's career. If the sons of Womelsdorf who have long since left its peaceful limits were closely questioned concerning the attractions of the town, they would not fail to include the post-office, which found quarters in a variety-store where all > rts of merchandise tempting to youths were Inviting toys were kept for sale. posed about the walls, glittering jew filled the show-cases, jars of rtionery confronted the children who inquired for mail an odor of drugs filled the store and was perceptible even to passers-by on the pavement, when the door was ;

open.

Perhaps the amiable proprietor and postmaster. Joseph UorYa, little dreamed it, but the candied citron in the fl

window

photographed

upon the minds

oi

itself

indelibly

more than one oi

his

juvenile customers, while the social delights of the store, in the form of g 5S evening-gatherings, still enter into their Idhood. daydreams oi the long ag Along the counter benches were ranged, and on these lounged a number of men and boys when the clays work was done. Both the atmosphere and the square, shallow enclosure, filled with sawdust, in which stood the stove, bore testimony to the free UM The wit and humor evoked tobacco. found hearty applause in b laughter, and sometimes a pract:, was essayed. During the period of the of Civil War the dominant b course that vital contest every evening .

1

;

was

:ant with a: crowd, anxious to hear the public read-

the

store

tilled

;

MYLES LORIXG: A TALE OF THE TL'LPEHOCKEX ing of a Philadelphia afternoon-paper containing the latest news relating to the one all-absorbing theme. Sometimes the tedium of waiting for the "bus" was beguiled by the scrutiny of the advertisements of proprietary mediOne such cartoon represented a cines. very plump gentleman as declaring: "I take Blank's pills !" while a companion, "I scrawny and miserable, responded :

don't

!"

Although all the general stores kept a stock of candy, the most formidable rival to the post-office was a confectioneryshop higher up the street. Here were brass-capped glass jars of "mint-sticks," and while there is nothing intrinsically musical connected with the wabbling of candy in jars, the introduction of the shop-keeper's hand produced a sound very grateful to the little purchaser. There was not only a variety of "sticks," some colored like a barber's pole, of different flavors, flat ones strong with mint, corrugated ones with a fancy border, very brittle and thin, and delicious "cream-candy," soft and dear but also "black-jack," "moshie" and a spirallywound, fancy-colored paper of sugared caraway-seeds, which retailed for a cent. Xor must the "sour balls" or the strips of paper to which were stuck drops, or buttons, of candy, or even the dark, bitter horehound be omitted from the enumeration. Sweet memories are they all, and the salt of enduring friendship was eaten with the toothsome "bretzels." ;

The

chief pride of a community is its antiquities; the peculiar historical treasure of Womelsdorf, involving honors in

wider circles than those which are merely local, consists of the name and fame of Conrad Weiser. .A native of Wiirttem-

berg, he came in 17 10, thirteen, with his father tines to the colony of

when

a lad of

and other Pala-

New York in 1723 he assisted in the formation of the first white settlement beyond the South moun:

tain, in the region afterward known as Tulpehocken. Much association with the Indians had made him familiar with their language. and he was frequently employed as an interpreter. His sterling character secured the respect and trust of the red men, and

7>

he traveled through the unbroken wilderness for hundreds of miles to

visit tribal

and arrange treaties. When the baleful French and Indian War alarmed even the settlements of Penn, \ services were invaluable. Fie was comvillages

missioned

a lieutenant-colonel of the troops, and most ably conducted affairs with the little material at his command in a district which, though sparsely settled, sustained a loss in the comlict with the savages of one hundred and fifty killed and thirty captured.

Some

of the primitive but substantial under Weiser's personal direction are still to be seen, to the delectation of members of historical socio Among the most interesting of shrines for Pennsylvania pilgrims to visit, is the grave of this illustrious pioneer on his original Heidelberg farm, situated than a mile east of Womelsdorf. Y. the conveyances of the property were included the privileges of a "court baron" but these were never asserted by tl democratic possessor. When his adopted county of Berks was formed its name forts erected

—

drawn from Berkshire

in

—

England. Wil-

liam Penn's native shire Conrad \V< was appointed a justice of the countycourt and fulfilled the duties oi president

judge

until his death.

A

modern mansion occupies the quiet farm-property which was once the Ver homstead and actually included the ground upon which Womelsdorf stands

now used as an outhouse for rough work and storage, is Its thick stone still staunch and strong. walls, its solid beams and planking, have wondrously resisted the assaults of time and weather: visitors who inspec impressed with the risks of the hardy pioneers who were compelled struct such massive barriers against their

but the ancient building,

I

wily foe. In an adjacent orchard are the graves, surrounded by those of friendly The mounds of Indian chieftains.

W

latter

are

rude stones

indistinguisli still

interments. slab,

showing

that early

designate the

But an upri^r:

-

5

the Stone-cutter's skill

day and revealing the ptOtK

birth-place at Aistadt or

A :':>:.;::.

in

at

THE PENNSYLVAXIA-GERMAX

8o

»

f I

i

\

j i

•

£& COXRAD WEISER HOMESTEAD AT WOMELSDORF,

CONRAD WEISKRS GRAVE AT WOMELSDORF, Courtesy of

R

v

PJI

PJI

V

C.

Cr\»M.

D.D. Lebanon, P».

1

MYLES LORIXG: A TALK OF THE TULPEHOCKKX county of Herrcnberg, and the dates of his birth and death, indicates the tomb of Conrad Weiser, the hero of Berks county. Another headstone, graven with an angel's head, identifies the adjoining sepulcher of his wife. Sweet is the fruit growing above the remains of this eminent man, and pleasing the natural prospect which doubtless gladdened his heart when peace was restored to the little community of his constituents. It would be unpardonable to omit in even a brief sketch of Womelsdorf the penal dungeon of the borough, situated on Bone street near the Presbyterian To Womelsdorf youths of the church. present time the "lockup," a small onestory building, carrying a cupola of considerable size and now somewhat modernized, is doubtless as terror-inspiring as it was in days of "auld lang syne." To be threatened with incarceration within its gloomy walls was the climax of horrors to unruly boys, who would be regarded as saints by the street-urchins of the cities. The constable, engaged at his daily toil and quite unconscious of his greatness, in their eyes ever wore a majesty of appearance that even the pomp-

ous parish-beadle Bumble could not have hoped to emulate. A characteristic of Alt-Berks is its vernacular. Although English in name it is populated by those worthy people who have been slightingly, and sometimes contemptuously, termed " PennsylvaniaDutch." Their language is a transplanted offshoot of the beautiful South-German tongue, with an appreciable admixture of English words mildly Germanized. In addition, a singular intonation prevails among those who use it habitually but that it is capable of poetic and musical expression, is evident in the delightful verse of Harbaugh. Fisher and ;

Zimmerman.

Nor

there any dialect in which the heart's tender affection finds more impressive utterance. And while the hospitality and social fellowship exhibited in every part of the PennsylvaniaGerman region may be equaled elsewhere, they can not be excelled. The old Academy! Which of its alumni will ever forget its brick walls and plastered halls, the broken surfaces is

Bl

and holes of the

latter showing protruding tufts of hair; the water-bucket by the front door with rusty tin "dipper"'; the hanging bell-rope, preserved from fric-

tion in

its

a sleeve curtains,

passage through the ceiling by of bone; the yellow wind the brown desks and stools?

Pelton's Outline Maps, which hung upon the school-room-walls, may have vanished with the building, but their memory

endures with that oi Smith's Grammar and Mitchell's Geography. To this dav, although silver threads are in the locks

fast

appear

of some of the students,

one of them would fail to answer promptly if asked the capital of any State of the Union then existing; for did he not sing

them

with

all,

labic feet to

fit

many the

a twist of their syl-

measure of the plain-

tive air?

"State of Maine. Aug.: On the Kennebec' River.*'

was made

to harmonize with "Vermont. Montpelier. On the Onion River,"

and with "Delaware. Do\xt.

On

the Jones's Creek."

Xor were the sum of the. tasks

singing exercises the oi this notable hall oi

learning for the master sometimes threw a stick (or what was left of it) at a lawbreaker and directed him to go out and cut a fresh supply oi stout switches, which were duly put to the test on his own back. lurched corn was one of the refreshments oi school-hours bits of 001 loaded with tacks, illustrated laws natural philosophy in their tumbli: At the occasional evening entcrtainrr or "concerts." given by the Indian characters were at a premium, i'lack Hawk being most admired and oftenest ;

:

I

-

The glittering tomahawk counterfeited. or deadly rifle reached its re., when, with gruesome natural::. 5S son tide gushed from some concealed receptacle in the bosom of the victim and dripped upon the door of and it may well be be', were few pupils who were not a! the "spooks" vU* Indian braves oi the vicinity who had departed the rlesh a century or more before. t':

;

!

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

&2

As to games, from the infantile "ringa-ring-a-rosy" to "drop the handkerchief" on one side to town-ball, hopscotch and marbles on the other, recreation did not flag. One game, at least, has no counterpart in city-school amusements. Plotz nn Hammer was a bit of realism which should deeply interest the artists of that school. The Plotz was a boy who knelt on hands and knees, remaining as firmly as possible at his post the Hammer lay upon his back and was seized by two companions, who took each an arm and a leg and swung him back and forth until considerable momentum was acquired, when he was brought into violent contact with the Plotz, with a result which can be imagined even by the unsophisticated reader. Sometimes the casualties of this game quite equaled those of the Indian battles in the schoolentertainments, with this important difference that the gore was real But the acme of schoolboy-pleasures was probably the delights of Fadermans Loch* and its associated haunts on the Tulpehocken. To race down Smith's lane to the brickyard, to cross the weedy belt of clay, avoiding the stagnant water ;

where Schlangadciterj abounded to remove jackets and "pants" before reach;

*Loch,

literally

a

hole,

here

signifies

a

pool

of

water.

from the belief that they were guardians and companions of snakes: dragontLiterally snake-pointers,

flies.

ing the

was

IT when

five o'clock

the

"Eagle's

solitary

climber

Head" awoke

of

from

the the

sweet, refreshing slumber which only open-air exercise and a light conscience can superinduce. The old stone public house known as the Center Hotel is located on the south side of High street, or the Harrisburg turnpike and the room occupied by its latest guest quite probably the very same that had once shelfaced tered the greatest of Americans Through the wide toward the north. open windows, looking out upon a railed but roofless veranda, the matins of the birds announced the dawn of the dav of ;

—

—

—

article

—

I

The

bathing-place of the juniors was

beneath a buttonwood where the water was of only moderate depth near this spot, in still shallower water, an ingenious youth could learn to swim by supporting himself upon his hands while he vigorously kicked his pedal extremities, half in the water and half in the air. by and by drawing up his hands and paddling like a dog. The process is recommended unselfishly without money or price, to such readers as have failed ;

hitherto to learn the art of

swimming.

Fadermans Loch, some was used by

low,

distance be-

more expert swim-

the

mers, its depth of water being suited to those feats of skill that were factors in the claims of ambitious rivals for lead* rship. The canal, which afforded opportunities for floating and other varieties of the natatorial art. was also frequently patronized by the clamorous crowd.

Having made cality of

these allusions to the lo-

our story, which, however dry

and uninteresting to the desultory reader, will not seem irrelevant digressions to such as are "to the will

now

manner

born."'

take up again the loose thr

of our narrative.

III.

in the Stone

on Sunday morning

and

fence,

remaining

—

Chapter Worship

final

to strip off the of apparel the shirt while yet on the highest rail, to plunge into the cool water yes, this was the climax.

one

rest

Church

A

and worship.

gentle, cool

bn

toyed with the fringe of the windowshades and fanned the face of the awakening sleeper. He had paid little attention to the furnishings of the chamber the night before, but now his eyes wandered about the room, while he lay in blissful languor. It

was

a

much

more

commodious

apartment than urban hotels are accustomed to furnish, even at luxur.

The

prices.

mon

to

carpet

rural

was of the

households

sort c

— made

1

of

"rags/ or narrow strips of cloth sc end to end; it was quite new. and the .

bright colors of the

'chain"

made

:

-

:

MYLES LORIXG: A TALE OF THE TULPEHOCKEN

How

very fresh and pretty.

well the

occupant of the bed recollected a certain similar carpet in the "best room'' of his

He could have been childhood's home! but four or five years of age when some one presented him a toy locomotive, operated by a spring; this he used to run on the broad "tracks" of the carpet conOnce, in the outstituted by the chain. kitchen, a feminine cousin found him seated on the floor, the locomotive taken apart and the spring drawn through his fingers, while in triumphant tones he de"I've found clared, like Archimedes :

what makes

What

a

it

go

!"

study

Ephemeral as the tions usually are,

the

was! room-decora-

wall-paper

styles of it

was

see so quaint a pattern. pink, with one of green

still

It

a surprise to stripe of

had a

on each side and ;

narrow were' these stripes that they produced the effect of studding. Two fans, ornamented with various colored so

number of balls of the papers, a same material, a square of paper of different design with a border made up of at least three patterns, which to served an appropriate panel as a mirror completed the decorations. The straw-tick of the bed was overlaid with a feather-pallet, and the

—

bedstead itself was descended from an ancient four-post ancestry. The muslin sheets and pillow-cases were spotless and sweet, and the coverlet was of the best workmanship of a district celebrated for its

quilting parties.

The

toilet-utensils

were few and sim-

and the guest, suddenly realizing he must be stirring, forsook his comfortable couch, and betook himself to a thorough wash in the slightly cool water found in the pitcher. Then, pausing to drink in the delicious morning air and to listen to the warblings of the feathered songsters, he proceeded with a

ple;

that

sigh of regret at the loss of his watch, to array himself for the day. This accomplished, a copy of the Holy Scriptures was brought out of the trunk and its owner settled himself to a long and careful reading of its pages and fre-

quent abstractions of deep meditation, before he descended the stairs to the excellent breakfast which awaited him.

83

The young man avoided that free conversation which frequently prevails in public houses in rural localities, although he was most courteous and agreeab' the interchange of the usual compliments of the morning. At the close of the appetizing meal, he left the hotel for a quiet but protracted stroll. There being but few persons upon the streets, he slowly passed up the main thoroughfare to the upper end of the borough, apparently carefully noting every house on each side of the way. He gazed long at the Academy grounds then, turning to the left, walked to an alley in the rear and, wheeling eastward, emerged on Bone street, at the corner of which stood the Presbyterian church. ;

Giving vey on all

ward

to

this structure a particular sur-

sides, he next proceeded n dojnft I ha 1 written out a check. The moment this *as done. I felt that my pulse was normal once more. I that from at least a thousand disappointed persons like myself will come the same result and may it

—

come

to

you

all

in

one mail.

Then Brother Gru b 1

g

-

since January first— his letter ber 15, 1906 he hail, in tl pastoral duties, walked 1400

—

is

tell us that dated Dec

life.

offitrolley 38133 miles, preached ^oc ciated at 40 funerals. .w.A made about 650 t "P -der." he to the sick and dying.

makes

Pennsylvania-German from Vol.

gel Hred in body and mind sometimes? But the thought of the next number of Thf. Pfnnsylvani l-GntM an usually revives me."

shade. .. .Mav it continue to prosper.... P. S.—Selle dcitsch Storx, "'t,i Captain Jones set jllcs im December li ell, Chrischtkindel," is gut. Number is O. K.

Thanks to you. each. Mid ill, for these taneous expressions of j it g your good will. We shall CI "tinue to do our best so deserve them.

count on

"Puts

all

Others in the Shade."

E. B. Schaeffer, of Middletown. Pa.,

us this flattering compliment: of The I am proud to say that I have every number up to the 1. I, No. present, and I consider there is no monthly magazine It puts all others in the published that is its equal.

asks, "that

I

:

CHAT WITH CORRESPONDENTS Reverend Michael and Pioneer Schaeffer In the article on George Schaeffer, the Pioneer (page 387, December issue), the statements were. made that Rev. Jacob Michael, a Reformed clergyman of Berks county, was chaplain of the German regiment during the Revolution and that the pioneer, George Schaeffer, was a lieutenant in the German regi-

ment.

That the article was read by at least one careful historical student is shown by the fact that these statements were questioned by a reader. By correspondence resulting from this the following data were elicited: Prof. J. H. Dubbs, in the Pennsylvania-German Society's Proceedings, Vol. XI, page 223, says Rev. Michael died in 1772. In an abstract from the life of Rev. Michael, prepared by Prof. Hinke, the statement is made that "when the war of the Revolution broke out, he (Rev. Michael) resigned his charge in 1774 and entered the army. On May 17, 1777. he was appointed chaplain of the First Battalion of Berks County Militia. After the war he again entered upon his duties as pastor in some of his former congregations, as for instance in Longswamp, where he died in 1785." (See Miller's History of the Reformed Churches in Reading, page 15.) There is a discrepancy here. "When doctors disagree, who shall decide?" The writer of the article by quoting from

Hinke as above

practically

admitted that he

erred in the use of the terms and that, if Rev. Michael served at all as chaplain, it must have been as stated by Prof. Hinke and not as originally affirmed, in the German regiment, which was a regular Continental regiment, serving practically during the entire war. With regard to Rev. Michael's serving at all as chaplain, our correspondent made this statement: "If it were a fact that he did live until 1777 instead of dying in 1772. he would have been then over sixty years old, a rather advanced age for active military service." With respect to Pioneer Schaeffer's serving as lieutenant, our correspondent says "It is altogether out of reason to suppose that a man :

would have been commissioned a mere second lieutenant and that too in a Con-

of this age

A

tinental regiment. person of fifty, in those days, was looked upon as an old man. I doubt

Historical

£

Works Too Rare and Dear

Irvin P. Knipe, Esq., of the firm of Wanger & Knipe, attorney s-at-law at Norri-town, Pa., writes us as follows concerning a subject that is of interest to all students of local and S history Please call to the attention of your readers and try to secure their vigorous and continuous remonstrance against the prevailing and increasing tendency towards extremely limited editions of local historical

works.

Many

of these are of deep and absorbto the people at large and should be printed in such numbers and style as to be brought within the reach of the thousands who want them, instead of being restricted to editions de far* a: prices that forbid their purchase by anybody but bibliomaniacs and well endowed libraries. Even when the publication' is moderate the edition is often made exceedingly limited, with the deliberate intention to soon exhaust it and make exceedingly valuable the few copies extant. A Philadelphia publisher who i- a strong advocate of limited editions for this very reason, recently sent out a circular a; subscriptions to such an edition, and to demonstrate that it was a good ir.ve-tment referred to the subject in these words: Governor Pennypacker's "Settlement of G«rmantown," published at $3.30 in 1899, now

ing

interest

for

sells

$25.00.

Mr. Jenkins* ''Washington in Ger::.an!o»n.** published at $3.50 last y«.ar. v.than twice the publication-price ar.d -.v ill go still higher. It was published on Tu'.y first. and the whole edition was

sold duri-

.

mer. Many persons missed getting it by Ixing out of town. I am constant'^ that I can not fill. The present book.... will no doubt soon b« exhausted, and such being the case will com-

mand

a premium.

Another manifestation of

the same tendthe Act oi Assembly of May II, 1905, P. L. 460. It> inn "An Act to provide for the contiiv of the publication oi the Archives Statutes at Large.'" gave no intimation oi its mischievous purpose to change the whole long established order in of distributing these Archives among the people; but the third lection

ency

is

found

in

whether he would have been given any comall or even allowed to serve in any position among the regular troops. Unless more positive proof is advanced to the contrary I cannot accept Mr. Schaeffer's position." There was a Jacob Michael in the returns of

the fifth series of the Arc: after providing for one si each member of the Legislature and to the Governor and heads oi departments, directed that all re-

May,

State

mission at

If the 1777, as chaplain of the battalion. Rev. Michael died in 1772, he could not have

been the Jacob Michael of 1777 above mentioned. Even if it be true that he was then living as a man 61 years old, he would have been probably of too advanced an age, for active military service. It is, there tore, a question whether the Jacob Michael named as chaplain was the Rev. Philip Jacob Michael mentioned by Mr. Schaeffer.

provided for

printi

-

I

I

maining

sets be placed Librarian for e\

I

in

t

institutions.

There was not even p the sale oi these invaluable bo ll many individuals deeply int n history of our State, to have been of absorbing be almost indispensable for reference. only way in which parently to wait until,

in the

course

I

c:

The

:

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

96

some few of the copies distributed to legislators who did not prize them, or whose effects are sold, come into the possession of

the second-hand book stores, from which they will have to be purchased at

enormous

prices.

When

questioned a legislator about this matter he said he understood that the Governor desired the bill drawn this way. Of course, he gets his set, but what about the common people, I

who are just as deeply interested ami as desirous of possessing the>e Arc! and who are accumulating libraries in of selling them? There OUgh; to be :. orous

remonstrance

members

to

Legislature to right this wrong scotch the snake in thi; Act

of

and

the to

by an amendment making due prov for the distribution or sale at mod prices of the Pennsylvania State Arc:.

Genealogical Notes and Queries This department is open to all our subscribers. Contributors will please state their questions and information as clearly and briefly as possible, being particularly careful in writing names and dates.

XII.

has sent us a circular addressed to his kinsmen.

Names Wanted know who were the

Parents' desire to

from which we quote

parents of Gottfried Roth and his wife. Elizabeth Trexler, who, according to data in my possession, lived in Whitehall township, Northampton county, Pa., as late as 1797. Any other facts relating to the history of their progenitors will be greatly appreciated. G. C. Roth. I

Newark, N.

J.

About Weiser Descendants My grandmother, Eliza or Elizabeth Weiser (as the old baptismal record gives her name), was born in York, Pa.. June 18, 1807. She married Samuel Ilgen fritz, Jr., of York, who died in October, 1835, an d whose remains, with those of his parents, are buried in Christ Lutheran churchyard, at York. My grandmother married a second time, and died about twentyfive years ago. Her second husband was a Catholic.

Samuel Weiser, my great-grandfather, was a direct descendant of the colonial Conrad. He was born May 16, 1765. and died January 15, His wife was Eva Katherina

Pfliiger,

who survived her husband eighteen am anxious to know who was the

years. I father of this Samuel Weiser, and what was his direct relationship to the colonial Conrad. I also wish to know which of the Weisers served in the Revolutionary war. If any of your readers can furnish this information. I shall be greatly obliged. Mrs. Theodore Warner,

1812 Bolton

family,

a

hist

-

the support "and justify the

if

co-operation given will Dr. M. G. Brumbaugh and mys started independent searches as to our eeneral family ancestors in Rotterdam a: Netherlands. Plea-e assist in this and, as soon as possible, send me full inI

ilies.

Inquiries

1838.

follows:

preparing to publish

Brumbaugh

the

as

formation concerning yourself, your your ancestors; copies of publ

XIII.

Roman

am

I

St.,

Baltimore.

XIV. Help Wanted for Brumbaugh Family History Gaius M. Brumbaugh, M.D., of 005 Massachusetts avenue, N. W., Washington. D. C.

biographies, pictures, inscriptions on f tombstones everything of gener that properly belongs to a complete tory of this very extensive, widely-distributed family. Your suggestions and pr help are needed, and will as-ure to cess of a difficult and expensive und-

—

ing.

My the

researches make it seem III Brumback family will be inclm:-.

descended from

common

a

ancestry.

In a letter following this circular. Dr. Brumbaugh says There is a family tradition that the Brambach-Bnimbaugii family came

Goshenhoppen and vicinity, navii from "K lowing dates: Georg Brombach, D 1740: Johann Jacob Bruml 1750; Johan Melchior B Johannes Henrich Brum! 175Johannes 30, 1754: Conrad Broml Brombach. Oct. 7. 1705. information bearing upon Any similar family names your subscribers maj will be gratefalrj menat Philadelphia

:

I

:

tioned aration.

the

in I

als

familj

-

fa

M cure the

1

and address of every Brumbaugh desc ant.

A

rwiw

(FOUNI

•;

,

Vol. VIII \V.

II.

Ks

A

II.

./.tr.

5c

Editorial Oi

Copyright,

190;

Entered as second-class mz

The

Pennsylvania-German

monthly magazine of 48 or tnatter, ,

devoted to Folklore and

United

postpaid

Slue;-,

Canada,

.

is

J

I

— Sent

1

i

sylvaniao and other American and Swiss ancestry* a

Price.

.

•

settlers

any

to I

$1.50 a year, payable in adv, Trial sul countries, Si.7Zcessive numbers, 23 cents. lar, 15 cents; Symposium numbers, 25

.

:

.

Remittances stamps, aT.d rlmittanc L

Aicme

should v/ill be a1

not

:

-

be

...

showing

....

Coi

I

rr

I

tion.

Subscriptions

will

I

C

fallowing the ••la e of their receipt. Change of A duress. When a c both the old and is ordered, should be given. f

—

5

J

—

o Contributions. Articles merit, bearing on our field, are

tention will will not be

c

'

i

v

be given to tu responsible for

We its

made or

EXPIRATION AND RENEWAL.— notice that your subscription has ex the renewal blank on the slip and ret irning ic with the Pa. publisher, H. W. Kriebel, East Gre

Our Monthly

Bulletin

The April

Of The Illustrated

Lrd

Number

Pennsylvania-Gen

biographical

of Jacob Grubc H. Fetterolf, Ph.D..

sketches

Adam

and other States, and

.

I.L.l>

.

.

Philadelphia. first instalment of German Surnai pared by Leonard Fel The syrnp isium on Germ one. of this month's coi Colonies in Iowa, br Rev D, !5

The

'

'

1

The historv

of

the

Hai

ings of the Lehigh Valley

A Tale of tl Sketch of Schaefferstown

Loring:

'

fettttBgluama-ferman

Sf?£

MARCH,

1907

TABLE OF CONTENTS PACE

Frontispiece— Portrait of Paul Gerhardt

98

German Migrations

in the United States and Canada— A Symposium of Historical and Descriptive Sketches (Continued)

Early German Pioneers in the United States— By H. W. Kriebel The Pennsylvania-Germans in Canada— By Rev. A. B. Sherk The Germans in Nova Scotia— By Rev. J. A. SchefTer, A. M. Paul Gerhardt, Preacher and Hymn-Writer of the Seventeenth Century— By Howard H. Krauss

A

Sketch (Continued)

Historical

of

SchaefTerstown— By A.

S.

Brendlc,

.

.

.

.

104

106

n:

'

James A. Mover, A.M., Engineer, Rev. H. K. Heebner

101

Esq.

The York Riflemen— By Dr. I. H. Betz (Concluded) The Value of Genealogy— Extract from Henry R. Stiles. A.M., M.D. Prof.

99

Scientist

117 123

and Author— By .

I2J

The Day Book of John Potts. Founder of Pottsgrove, now Pottstown. Pa. By George F. Wanger, Esq Mer nemmt's wie's kummt — By "Solly Hulsbuck"

126

—

Myles Loring:

A

Tale of the Tulpehocken— By Rev. Alden

The Home: Early Cheese-Making The First Settlement in Berks County Literary Gems

S.

Quimby

tag

130

133 .

134

•

:

Abide with me

— Herr,.bleib'

bei

The Ephrata Cloisters— By Paul

Wie mer Geld Schteil ufduh

mir J.

schpart bei'm G'scherrflicka

—A

135

Bickcl

136

— An

Experiment

.

.

136

Selection from "Boonastiel"

Editorial Department Clippings from Current

13S

News

Chat with Correspondents

139 142

Genealogical Notes and Queries

143

Our Book-Table

144

Calendar of Pennsylvania History, January, 1007

144

y PAUL GIiRHARDT, Preacher and Hymn-Writer

Born March Died June

7,

12,

1607

1676

®tj£

^nnsgluama-^rmmt MARCH,

Vol. VIII

German Migrations

No.

1907

in the

3

United States

and Canada A

Symposium

of Historical

and Descriptive Sketches

(Continued)

BY H. W. KRIEBEL. banquet years ago, SOME Pennsylvania-German

of the

at a

Society, the

lamented Lee L. Grumbine, Lebanon, in responding to the "The Pennsylvania-German in toast Journalism and Literature," said "The Pennsylvania-German, like the cosmopolitan Cobbs, has been indeed everywhere, and in everything, and is there now." late

Esq., of

:

We

trust

the

symposium now being

published in this magazine may bring evidence that he has been at least in some places and in some things probably in more than a superficial study of popular histories would lead one to look for. Volumes would have to be written to bring out the details of events that are here only hinted at. hope that, as our work progresses, some of these details may be laid before our readers. To get at these details will not always be an easy matter. Various causes have been at work in the past to cover up the footsteps of the sturdy German, so that in many cases it becomes almost impossible to retrace them. Among such causes might be mentioned changes in the spelling of names, the translation of names, the intermarriage of people of different nationalities, carelessness in preservation of records, lack of thorough research, the outworking of a sentiment based on conscientious convictions that leads to neglect of the study of personal history and of the preservation of historic data.

—

We

:

Although Pennsylvania was the Mecca of the Germans, other colonies likewise

received a sprinkling of German blood, as may be gleaned from the records of the early settlements. By way of illustration we may note the following: In July, 1683, a colony of about one hundred persons, known as LabadistS, landed in Xew York. They settled Bo-. hernia Manor on Chesapeake Bay. at the junction of the Bohemia and Elk rivers. William Penn said these people were a "plain, serious people and came near to Friends as to silence in meeting, women speaking, preaching by the and plainness in garb and furniture." This colony did not last long. In October. 1683, tne fir;;t German colony in Pennsylvania, consisting thirI teen families, landed from the ship Concord. During the month 6000 acres f land were surveyed and d for :

which lots were drawn to decide choice of location. These were the first harbingers of a migratory m< >f Geri

mans

to American soil that has ever since with varying degi

in-

:'

!

tensity.

In June.

1604, a colony children. landed at Philadelphia under the leadership of John Kelpius. They were a band of strai mystics, who settled on the V ckon and became known as "the Woman in the

men.

women and

Wilderness." The last survivor ox brotherhood passed away in 1705 and die colony ceased to exist. Between 1705 and 171 tied in the '"German valley" of Morris I

|

— THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

100

New

This settlement Jersey. extended from the Delaware to Hackensack, German Valley and New Both Muhlenberg and Germantown. Schlatter visited the dozen churches in this settlement and exercised supervision over them. In 1708 Kocherthal arrived at New York with a colony of about fifty persons,

tlements had been established and by 1775 they had spread over the entire western portion of the colony. In 1734 Salzburgers landed in Georgia and founded Ebenezer, not far from S

after a most tedious and trying period of travel by land and sea, lasting almost a year.

buhler.

county,

grew

until

In 1710

it

De

Graffenried brought a col-

ony of 650 persons to North Carolina one band of the unfortunate thousands of Germans who had migrated from their improvised homes in Germany to England a few years previous. They settled at the union of the Neuse and Trent rivers and named their new home New Berne. They were attacked by Indians and became disheartened by the reverses and misfortunes that overtook them.

Some at

the

took ship north, were shipwrecked

mouth

of the

Rappahannock

in

Virginia and became a part of Governor Spotwood's colony Germanna. In 1710 an expedition of ten ships, carrying about three thousand Germans, left

England for New York. Many of these emigrants perished on the voyage. The survivors settled along the Hudson. From this point they moved into the Schoharie valley. Later some of these moved again into the Mohawk valley and were followed by a strong stream of immigration. Later about two thirds of the Schoharie people, having become dissatisfied with existing conditions, started for Pennsylvania, cutting their way through the forests to the Susquehanna, down which they floated until thev came to the mouth They ascended this of the Swatara. stream to the Tulpehocken, where they finally settled after fourteen years of dire hardship begun with the voyage of 1710. In 1719 a colony of Germans were landed at New Biloxi, Louisiana, under the patronage of John Law. Later they were transported farther up the Mississippi river.

In 1732, Peter Purry. a Swiss, came over with 170 countrymen to settle in In '1735 Orangeburg South Carolina. years scores of setfew In a settled. was

vannah. In 1742 Waldoboro, in Maine, was settled by German emigrants procured for General Waldo by Sebastian Zauber-

Space

will not

permit elaboration along

this line in this connection, but the fact

must not be overlooked that in the westward movement of the course of empire within the limits of the United States the took his due share. In 7 _ Jost Heist and others, sixteen families in

German

all,

tile

1

started from Pennsylvania for the fervalley of Virginia, and as a result

settlements sprang up near Winchester,

Stephen

City.

Shepherdstown

Strasbur^

and

at

-dstock.

other

Along

the trail of the Shenandoah Valley. thus opened, the German elemoved downward as far as (k aking homes, trading and opening the way as

-

for the onward movement of ims of immigrants from Europe and their scendants. With German settleir reaching from Maine to Georgia, re-enforced by the colony on the lower Mississippi and annually augmented by the ceaseless flow of immigration from .the fatherland, it would have been utterly impossible to keep the German from joithe forward movement, as the white man gradually crossed the Allegheny

m

moved

tains,

into the

Ohio and Miss

I-

pushed across the p' scaled the Rockies and set his eyes finally on the shores of the Pacific. The descendants of the Germans North Carolina have helped to settle Kentucky, Tennessee. Ohio, Indiana. Illinois and Missouri. Many of the neers of Kentucky and Tenness - and bad pathfinders oi tin D the were Germans. From the c lower Mississippi colonies moved northward into northern Alabama and Mis-

sippi

valleys,

sissippi.

The

first

f

stientifi

Allegheny mountains was man, Jotiann Lederer, In 1669 and in three

separate trips,

C mid

VVf

the

EARLY GERMAN PIONEERS the Indian agent, and Gift, the surveyor, were the first to cross the Alleghenies.

IN

THE UNITED STATES were Germans

IOI

weltler,

so was Schreve, regular passages by steamer and became a benefactor to mankind by devising means for removing the

of Boone's associates in the exploration of Kentucky were Germans. In 1775 five of these adventurers carved their names on a beech-tree near Bowling

navigation. In 1 80S Boehm and Asbury, Methodists, started on a tour lasting five years, during which they visited Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee. North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Maryland. New Jersey, Pennsylvania. Connecticut, N

They were followed by Post and HeckeMoravians. Zeisberger made the first permanent settlement in Ohio. The pioneer history of Ohio shows that among the first settlers were many Germans the same is true of Indiana and Illinois. Some ;

Green which was still standing thirty years ago. Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, northern Kansas, Nebraska and Colorado received an influx of the German element. Texas owes a great deal to her German population. Missionary Kuehn was the first to make a report on the geography of California. German, Kreider, was the first to descend the Susquehanna on a flatboat from Middletown to Baltimore. German, Yoder, was the first to descend the Ohio and Mississippi in a flatboat. Baum and Bechtel, German residents of Cincinnati, were the first to use sails to shorten the time of passage on the rivers to the Gulf. The engineer and captain of the first steamboat to plow the waters of the Mis-

A

A

sissippi

who

snags

in

the

A. B.

river,

which endangered

Hampshire, Maine and Canada. Everywhere they found Germans. Boehm preached in German everywhere and little could have been accomplished without services in some sections, as the English was not understood. The historian of the Reformed church can tell of the churches lost to his denomination from the early settlers all the In way from Nova Scotia a single letter written in 177S the Lutheran patriarch Muhlenberg speaks ol the I

churches of his faith extending from New York to South Carolina. The historian of the Dunkard church must look to locate over the whole United Stal the descendants of the pioneers of that faith who settled in Pennsylvania. 9

The Pennsylvania-Germans BY REV.

;

established

in

Canada

SIIERK, TORONTO, CANADA.

—

They

Editorial Note. The author of this sketch, Rev. A. B. Sherk, is deeply interested in the pioneer history of Canada and the United States. Both his parents were born near Chambersburg, Pa., but went to Canada when quite young. His grandfather, Joseph Sherk. and the latter's brother-in-law, Samuel Betzner, were the first settlers in Waterloo township. in the spring of 1S00. He himself is well acquainted with nearly all the leading families in the different settlements in Canada. We feel having Rev. in ourselves fortunate

upper St. Lawrence. Lake On! and the Niagara district. along the Detroit river. What v. u called Upper Canada is now Ontai most populous province in the Dominion oi Canada. exodus had its beThe United E ginning in 1784 and comma*

Sherk become a subscriber and contributor to The Pennsylvania-German. Our pages are open for further contributions from him.

ning ol the migration of the Penns vania-Germans to Upper Canada.

Upper Canada.

settled along

I

the

nineteenth

century.

The

b. j

lowed close in the steps of V si United Empire exodus. Pennsylvanians were of the Mennonite Under British rule they had stock. and this exempt from militai treatment seems to h :'.

WHEN

American Revolution ended the United Empire loyalists, who had been active in the British cause had to leave the country. The new colonial governments confiscated their property and ordered them to withdraw. Thousands of these so-called the

outlaws took refuse

1

in the

wilderness of

I

settlement in choice, not and planted three g for

They

their

from

came from

-

v

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

102

was the Niagara colony. We name because the district in which the colony was located is near the

The

give

it

first

this

Niagara Falls, and stretches over the eastern section of the Niagara peninsula. This is the great fruit-belt of the provThe settlements of the colony exince. tended from the upper Niagara and Lake Erie in a diagonal line across the peninsula to Lake Ontario. The settlement on Lake Ontario is known as the "Twenty." It is so called because a creek bearing this name and supposed to be twenty miles from the Niagara river enters the lake In this colony we find the at this point.

names Hershey,

Miller, Boyer, Gonder,

Danner, Shoup, Beam, Baker, Winger, Sider, Barnhart, Morningstar, Sherk, "Eavitz, Graybill, Xizely, Mover, Wismer, LIuntsberger, Albright, High, Hippie, Rittenhouse, Fry, Demuth, Groh, Overholt and others.

The second was the Markham colony. This colony was located in York county, north of the west end of Lake Ontario, within twenty miles of the city of Toronto. The name is derived from that of the township in which the first setAmong these we tlers were located. find the

names Raymer, Reesor. Wismer, Wideman, Heise, Baker. Sherk,

Stauffer,

Break, Oyer, Troyer, Brillinger, Steckly, Cober, Eckhart, Snyder. Burkholder, Hoover, KefTer, Shank, Lehman and others.

The third colony was called Waterloo. The township again suggested the name. This colony was located about thirty miles west of the city of Hamilton, in the val-

Grand river. Here we find the names Betzner, Sherk, Bechtel. Shantz,

ley of the

Snyder, Erb, Bowman, Martin, Clemens. Bergey, Lutz. GrorT. Bricker. Hagey, Musseiman, Eshleman. Bowers. Bean. Bloehm, Wild fang, Surrarus. Livergood, Shupe, Break, Reichert. Eby, Witmer. Warner, Pretz, Groh. Shoemaker, Pannabecker, Brubaker, Detweiler. Bamberger. Miller, Rosenberger, Mover. Schlichter. Hallman, Stauffer, Clemmer. Hiestand, Kolb, Gingrich, etc. The Waterloo colony was much larger than either of the others. I am sure most of the names in the above sound familiar to Pennsylvanian lists ears.

Besides the closely connected groups of settlements making up the three colonies, there were scattered German settlers between the colonies. These seattered settlers were the connecting link^. so that a

person could travel from or to another and each day and each night find accommodation with a family of the same blood and speech. They were so located that the different sections had almost constant intercourse with one another, and by this means kept up acqua But communication with Pennsylvania, was also maintained. The Canadian -

went back

often

old the Pennsylvanians, perhaps quite as often, came to sec friends in their new homes. For many years tiers

to

visit

the

homes and

1

these long journeys (from four to five hundred miles) were made on horseback,

and sometimes on foot. It was common to see companies of horsebaek visitors pass through the settlements or call at the old homes. The writer can recall

many such The

scenes.

early

Pennsylvanians

Canada

in

were mostly from Franklin. Laacasl r Bucks, Berks and Montgomery counti The migration began in the last de of the eighteenth century and continued -

with short interruptions, the end of the first quarter oi nineteenth century. The second qu. of the century added a few families, then the influx ceased. Mod

un-

to increase,

the

til

and arlv

in Niagara and Waterloo were Mennonites. but in Markham a numb, Several Luthfamilies were Lutherans. eran churches were orgmixed, one of which celebrated its centennial last June.

settlers

The Pennsylvania-Germans life, a love which their fathhave brought with tfw the old country. Some one b that they had an instinct for This was certainly true best soil. those who settled in Canada.

ers of rural ers

seem

to

I

'

picked out the choicest of the lav rule their descendants have been guided

by the same happy instinct. The Pennsylvanians broi culiar German dialect with ada. and for many years it was universal speech in all their settlen* ;' But during the last halt century tl

THE PENNSLVANIA-GERMAXS Wf

$

'•*

s

2

CANADA.

ioj

\L

«.\

)

IN

II

\

L-fef!

.

.....

A,..

.....

^

*'. .

>-

.

VA; -

MAP SHOWING PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN SETTLEMENTS been a steady process of anglicising, and now many of their descendants do not understand the German. Even in sections where the German has long had the ascendancy, the English is steadily gaining upon the German. We must judge the worth of a people to a country by what they have done. Applying this rule to the Pennsylvanians, we can say that they were among the best pioneers who made their way to the wilderness of Upper Canada. They came here to conquer the forest, to build up homes, to be true citizens in the land of their adoption and to be loyal to their re-

The districts among the most

ligious principles.

in

which

IN

ONTARIO

the head of the list. He was for nearly half a century the most prominent personality among the Pennsylvanians

The bishop was a born Next to him as a religiov.must mention Bishop Jacob M Canada.

He

deserves special menand publisher of It was first German paper in Canada. called Canada Museum and published at s ;^. Berlin. Waterloo county, in pass on to give the names ol a few prominent descendants ol IVnnsylvania-

clergyman.

i

We

and activity. These faithful pioneers began right. As soon as their homes were started, they planned for schools and religious meet-

adicr

ings.

As

a result there

was

little illiter-

What we have of

said calls for the

some of the leaders of

We can give only a few. We place Benjamin Eby. of the

Mennonite church

names

these pioneers.

in

bishop Waterloo, at

1S41.

in

at

Berlin.

I

:

publisher. -ized

[

had a large circul.r among the German-speaking people and The l ; b\s \\ did good service. publishers of English and German be Hon. David Kecsor. jour 2. noted stock-raiser and Pomiv. He was a scion of OQC oi the leading Pennsylvania families of Mark-ham. weekly,

3.

ical first

we

tion as the editor

Germans in Canada. Such are i. Henry Eby, printer and The Eby firm issued Dcr V:

acy and a high tone in the morals of the settlements. The whole country is now having the benefit of this pioneer work.

r

M",

the "Twenty." In close connection I the names of the two bishops comes that of IT. W. Peterson, a retired Lutheran

prosperous, wealthy and orderly in our country. To-day these districts are centers of life

they located are

leader.

ElTl Eby, author of 'A History of Waterloo Cour.:\

work 4.

that

is in

two large

."'

This

volttn

G. F. Shepley, son of a Methodist

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

104

preacher, one of the most distinguished of the Toronto bar. F. Rittenhouse, millionaire and philanthropist. He is a native of the "Twenty," but for some years has lived in Chicago. could greatly extend the list of celebrities, but the limits of this article will not permit. The descendants of the PennsylvaniaGermans in Canada are specially inclined As farmers they to industrial pursuits. are among the best. In later years many have gone into the towns and cities and become prominent in mercantile life. Others have given inspiration and suc-

members M. 5.

We

The Germans BY REV.

J. A.

cess to great manufacturing enterprises.

These descendants have spread throughout western Ontario. They have formed settlers along Lake Erie, the lo

Grand Huron.

Georgian Bay and Lake also have large settlements in Michigan and farther west. For some years many have gone into the Canadian Northwest. The Pennsylvania descendants are to-day a strong element in our country and their influence reaches throughout the Dominion. The lit ripple that began to rise in the closing

first

peans

actual settlement of Eurothe northern part of

the North American continent was Port Royal by the French in 1605.

When

the English finally conquered the French and gained possession of what is now Nova Scotia they named the place Annapolis, which name that place still bears. Before the settlements at Jamestown, Va., in 1607, New York in 1614, and Plymouth Rock, Mass., in 1620, the first European colonization was in Nova Scotia, then named by the Freeh Acadie, which included the present province of New Brunswick and a part of Maine. in

efforts

that territory as early

without success.

The

first

to

settle

but settlement in

as

15 18.

now

the province of Quebec was When the English at 1608. Jamestown learned of the French settlement at Port Royal on the Bay of Fuiuly.

what

made

is

Nova

in

Scotia

SCHEFFER, A.M., ALLEXT0W

in

Frenchmen had made

They

years of the eighteenth century has become a great wave that touches every part of this land.

The Earlier History

THE

river,

in

they attacked and destroyed it in 161 4. Then King James I of England, in 1621, granted the land known as Acadie to Sir William Alexander, and it was named Nova Scotia or New Scotland.

But the latter's endeavor country in those years was also a failure. In 1632 England by treaty permitted France to have Acadie and the present to colonize that

of

V, PA.

the Province

provinces of Quebec and Ontario. Then for about a score of years the several

French

factions

were

among

fighting

themselves as to which should rule

new possessions. The Puritans in

the

in

American colonies

that :~:ed and in England were tisa Acadie had been given over to Fran and under their influence Oliver Cromwell in 1654 sent out a small force to reconquer the country, but after thi their undertaking proved ui "

An

expedition oi eight vess

s

hundred men sailed from Boston in and again captured Port RoraL A years later New England fishermen and sailors, under the leadership of the Benjamin Church, sailed along the northeet ern shore of the Bay of Fun >ery oi whale-boats, and d From French settlement on the Maine to the Cumberland was done in retaliation of the French and Indian outrages on the New England :

•

I

11

:

:

5

I

-

dements,

A treaty of peace was Franco retained DOSS iS However, another war cave contested territory to Great

n and til

S

I

The by the treaty of Utrecht in question as to which nation; Nova Scotia, and whether that, as well as -

THE GERMANS the other provinces of Canada and the colonies now the United States, should bounder the dominating influence of Romanism or ruled by Protestantism, was not yet finally decided.

A

this uncertainty and a of forty ships was built and prepared in France to recapture Louisbourg, reconquer all the 'remainder of Nova Scotia and destroy Boston and other New England towns. The colonists, realizing that their only safety was in God, beBritish ships lievingly sought His help. destroyed a few of the French war-vessels, storms wrecked nearly all the others, and the country was saved from recon-

few years of

fleet

quest.

After these events there was another treaty between France and Great Bri-

The two nations and their tain in 1748. colonies rested from open warfare, to allow their inhabitants to engage in the pursuits of peace.

The government of Great Britain now decided that the better and nobler way to have a permanent title to the country was to send colonists to Nova Scotia and secure possession of it by the more natural conquest, by the arts of peace, industry and toil, instead of the horrors and sufferings of bloody wars. Therefore those

who had charge of colonial affairs resolved to found a colony and new capital along the shores of Halifax Bay, which name was given in honor of Lord Halifax, president of the Lords of Trade and Plantations and a liberal patron of the colonists.

The

first

company

embarked

of these emigrants thirteen transports and

on inimbered two thousand five hundred and seventy-six. They were under the com-

mand

Colonel Edward, afterward Lord Cornwallis, who had been appointed governor of the province. These ships sailed the fourteenth of May and arrived on the coast of Nova Scotia June fourof

teenth, 1749.

This company of settlers was composed

Germans from Saxony and Wurttemberg, some Swiss and Hollanders and probably a few Huguenots r The English French Protestants.

of Englishmen,

IN

NOVA SCOTIA

105

were nearly all discharged soldiers and seamen the others were tillers of the soil and mechanics. ;

The reasons assigned for the migration of these people from their homes in a civilized land to the bleak wilderness which Nova Scotia then was, may be as follows: The migr." instinct

implanted

in

man, which has caused

the jostling of races and nations against each other upon the face of the earth: the extern of conscription-lists preparatory to the increase of the standing armies of Europe, induced by the threatening disturbances that finally reed in the destructive Seven Years' War; the limited conditions and opportunities some found themselves amid the overcrowded populations of the Old World; the g promises made to intending settlers by the British government; the hope of gaining a home of their own, and possibly a competence these were probably the chief for this life causes of their coming.*

—

Most of those people had a very limited knowledge of the new country. Having no accurate maps and no means of training reliable information, they left home with the idea that they were about to settle near the fertile valleys ol New York and Pennsylvania, where many of their countrymen were already 1: and prospering. They did not dream of the vast wilderness and expanse of water that lay between, nor oi the difference in

climate and then few.

they had landed. any, could get away.

soil until

And

if

Let their motives and imp! have been what they may, it must be adrv that it required high-hearted courage in them ed certain to give up the World and go forth to meet the chu brave the uncertainties of the Now. greeting was the roar of the breakers inhospitable shore; their neighbors were savage wild beasts

men. Their homes were in mis, which was hard to clear and cultivation, and the barren soil

the der-

r:

dim-

more than '.'. before them, nothing but was what known they stem necessity would have indn

cult to farm.

It

is

face their unforeseen

Note.— The more

will give

and

%

bitter trials

next instalment 0! the*

Swiss and Hutch

|

rtnan,

ini E

o\ Germanic nationality emitr N'< vv from New York tud Brunswick and Nova Scotia,

how some

-

•From Acadlt and the Acadlans." Koth.

faf

R.v

P Luiber

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

io6

Paul Gerhardt, Preacher and Hymn-Writer of the Seventeenth Century JY

HOWARD

II.

KRAUSS,

MOUNT

AIRY THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, PHILADELPHIA.

(See Frontispiece Portrait)

Early German Church-Hymns

GERMAN

literature begins with re-

ligious poetry. As far back as history can trace the Teutonic race, it is characterized by an inborn love of music and song. With these the heathen Germans worshiped their idols, and thus they naturally came to express their feelings in lyric verse.

The

early Christian centuries produced of this that has come down to Not until St. Boniface, the our day. "Apostle of Germany," appeared, was any form of Christian liturgy, with church-music and hymns, left to poster-

very

little

The Middle Ages left comparatively few hymns in the vernacular but the Crusades, in the twelfth and thirteenth ity.

;

centuries,

mark a special It was then

outburst of en-

the wandering Minnesinger originated and the Xibelungenlied received its present form. Yet Dr. Wackernagel. of Stuttgart, in his collection of 1843, records only 1500 pieces of religious poetry and 85 poets prior to the Reformation.

thusiasm.

Songs of the Reformation

— Great

Events

The beginning

of the sixteenth century new epoch of German religious poetry. The dark night of the

marks an

entirely

Middle Ages had passed and scholasticism had been shattered by the revival of learning. The great Reformation brought in the light of the Gospel and the people

were

led to see the truth as it is in Christ The result was an outburst of sacred poetry, the like of which the world

Jesus.

had never seen or heard. Luther, himself the father of modern church-hymns, took the lead, and by the use of such hymns as he only could compose the Reformation became a part of the very thought and language of the people. In workshop and street, in the home and on the farm, they sang his inspiring, prayerful hymns, the best known of which, still found in most

church-books, are: "Komm, hciligcr Geist, Herre Gott!" "Vom IJinunel hock da komm ich her'' "ErJialt tuts. Herr, bci deinem Wort!' and that illustrious battlehymn. "Ein feste Burg ist unset Gott." While these hymns were re-echoing at the close of the sixteenth and the beginning of the seventeenth century, of great events were transpiring, such as the adoption of the Formula of Concord. the granting of the edict oi Xantes. the burning of John Knox, the massacre of

Bartholomew's night, the plai Church of England in America. K James's translation of the Bible and the beginning of the terrible Thirty Yt

St.

the

War. Amid these stirring .'.events the typical Reformation-poet oi the Lutheran church and the German nation. Paul Gerhardt. first saw the light oi day. Gerhardt's Youth

— Waiting

for a

Charge

—

He was born March 12. 1607 at four o'clock in the morning, as one writer has it at Grafenhainichen in the electorate of Saxony, where his father. (

—

Gerhardt. was burgomaster. His mother, a daughter of -chaplain Gallus Dobler. of Dresden. Of his early life very little is known, but. as his died when he was quite young and the Thirty Years' War broke out when he was but eleven years old, we may readily infer that he had not altogether

Anna, was

I

sailing.

At fifteen we find him at Grimma. where he studied from April 4. [622, until December i-\ 1627. The i year he entered the I niversi:

::en-

berg. He was now twenty-one, luin, Martini professors as MeisiM

and Paul Rober wielded over him. especially Rober. who n thoroughly verse,! m Scripture, mean ab oi no dan S U no and writer of church-hymns reeord

is

available of Gerhardt's

work

at

1

PAUL GERHARDT, PRKACHER AND HYMN-WRITER

107

the university or of his course of life immediately after leaving it. lie was scarcely out of the university, when a great conflagration swept over his

Nicholas's church in Berlin. time he made the following fession of faith, which he wrote in Latin in the ordination-book:

home city, destroying about half the buildings and rendering more than half At this time the population homeless. Gerhardt was a tutor in the family of Andrew Berthold. Here he composed his first poem, the occasion being the marriage of Sabina, daughter of Mr. Berthold, to Archdeacon Fromm. For eight years he resided in the Berthold home, occasionally preaching in St. Nicholas's church in Berlin as a supply. At fortyfour, when the average man is in his prime, he was still a private tutor and a candidate for the ministry. During this waiting period he composed twenty-six hymns twenty-two during the Thirty Years' War, two at the time of and immediately after the peace of Westphalia, October, 1648, one in 1649 an d one in From these facts we are justified 1650. in believing that he was furthering his own education while tutoring and awaiting a ministerial call. he remained without a charge so long, is an enigma. The close of the Thirty Years' War had left Germany in a ruined condition. Its population had been reduced about one half; its crops were destroyed, its cities burned, its fields saturated with blood scarcely a family was left that had not lost father or son, and great numbers had perished by famine. But in spite of all this the people never lost faith in the Word of God as restored to them by the

the holy and indivisible r the doctrine contained in the first and unaltered Ai:. its Apology, the Schmalkald the Small and Large Catechisms and the n of Concord, rests upon the purest and soi foundation of prophetic and apostolic Scripture, and that I will remain in the -ame until my death, with God's gracious, persevering help, I confess and solemnly premise.

—

Why

;

Reformation.

165

1,

At

this

in St.

|

name of Amen. That

In the

ity,

.

I

With this noble declaration and confession he began his ministry at Mi: walde. It must have been a ;tisf action to him. after so many years of disappointment, to have found this special field of labor for the upbuilding God's kingdom. He served at this place for six years, from 1651 to 1657. Gerhardt's Marriage

At

day came for Gerhardt to begin his pastoral work. Early in 165 a vacancy occurred in the church at Mittenwalde, and to this place he was recommended by the Ministerium as "a person whose application and erudition, intellectual power and pure doctrine, as well as his honorable and peaceful character and Christian, irreproachable life. is acknowledged. For which reason Gerhardt. is loved and honored both by high and low." last the

.

Upon

.

.

the strength of this

recommen-

dation he was elected and called. He accepted and was ordained November iS.

Sorrows

thold home as tutor. February 11. he was married to Anna Maria. Mr.

\-

--

I

She was a lady excellent qualities and Christian

thold's oldest daughter.

of

many

remembered for ardent pi Word, extraordinary power prayer and continuous devotion to her

virtues,

love of God's in

parents, especially to "her sickly mother. for whose care she willingly sacrificed

every comfort." Gerhardt himself prats her in a hymn composed not many \ after their marriage, whose first line delineates her whole character: "Em li err en iiebt." das Gott den During his pastorate at Mittenwalde he -

'.

H

composed Gerhardt's Pastorate at Mittenwalde

—Domestic

Thirteen years after entering the Ber-

sixty-six hymns, ov erflowing with This truly 11 I mOBl

altogether

every one

filled to

I

and praise. prolific and most intensely poetical period. He fared well in his pastoral work and literary activities, but also had many difficulties to meet and sad ex| S to sutler. It was a period oi nriag and sorrow. May 10. 1656, his firs: child, Maria Elizabeth, was born, but early trust

5

'.'

year her soul returned to him a This was a hai

it.

I

He had

mg

this

tombstone erected

a

"Few and oi

mv

I

9:

inscript

life

evil

have the

been."

d

-

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

io8

Called to St. Nicholas's in Berlin

To

his domestic

sorrows was added the insufficient remuneration he received for Early in 1657 he received a his work.

from St. Nicholas's parish in Berlin, which after eight days of prayer and meditation he accepted, believing this to be God's will. July 22 he performed his first ministerial act at Berlin. He was now in the full power of his manhood. His preaching was persuasive and profound, full of fervor, of Christian love and charity. And, what is more important, he practiced what he preached. Though poor in this world's goods, he clothed, sheltered and fed the destitute, cared for orphans and widows and reached out a helping hand to all in distress. In 1658 a second daughter and in 1660 a son were born to him, both of whom decall

parted this

shortly after their birth. afflictions for Gerhardt, but he always found comfort in the examples of the saints and God's eternal life

These were severe

promises. Vain Efforts

to Unite Protestant Bodies

Early in 1662 troubles of a different kind arose. Prussia then was governed by Elector Frederic William I, whose grandfather, Sigismund, had many years

and practice of which the holy God would refuse to save any one." The council met as the Elector had desired, but reached no agreement. Many meetings were held, but each one served only to increase existing differences. The Elector had supposed he could at least bring the parties to declare their differences "non-essentials," but the effect was decidedly contrary to his c The Calvinists promulgated what may be called "radical views,'' while the Lutherans stood firmly by their own d.

and vehemently denounced doctrine. Gerhardt indeed ferent temperament. His literary productions were

Reformed was of a difsermons and so free from

the

controversy that "many Calvinists attended his services and his hymns had no greater admirer than the pious Electress Louisa, who belonged to the Reformed church." But since they could not agree, the Lutheran divines of lin through Gerhardt resolutely declared: "We stand unmoved by all our c but are ready, as .always, to show the Reformed people all neighborly and C tian love and friendship, and hear wish and desire for them eternal t I

Gerhardt Deposed, Declines Reinstatement

The

joined Naturally Frederic William I belonged to this same body, while the majority of his subjects were Lutherans. In those days church

was the edict o:' which commanded both parties to refrain from attack:: other's doctrines, whether in the

were closely united. At the treaty of Westphalia Elector Frederic had been chief spokesman for the Calvinists and secured for them equal rights with the Lutherans. He was not satisfied with this, but wished to bring about a union of the two religious bodies which, by attack-

was ordered to sign a AY: r that he was willing to abide by

before, for political the Reformed church.

and

reasons,

state

ing each other's doctrines, were, as he thought, simply sucking each other's lifeblood. Therefore, in order to harmonize them, he called a council in 1662, at which both Lutherans and Reformed were invited to discuss, amicabilitcr, their conflicting doctrines and determine: "1. whether anything was taught or sanctioned in the Reformed confession by which he who would teach, believe or sanction it would, jit a ice diz-i)io, be condemned 2. whether anything was concealed or denied without the knowledge ;

result of this

tember

16, 1664,

;.

The next year every

elsewhere.

;.

-

.

the

e

Many

obeyed the mandate, but mained true to their standard

Among

those

who

refused

-

-

I

re-

g

Revers was Gerhar.it. For he was finally deposed from his February 13. 1666, as many others had been before that date. To this lie rep'. "It is only a petty Berlin sort of ma:: dom. I am even willing and pre: with

seal the evangelical truth

and

like

sword." ship

Paul to offer

my

bl

n

lie believed in freedom

God according

conscience

and

in

to

v.:

freedom of

which was denied him In it prevented him from Using the ot Concord, the ado] Lutheran faith. s

-

I

I

the

:

:

PAUL GERHARDT, PREACHER AXD HYMX-WRITER Soon after his deposition he fell very and his friends and parishioners were greatly concerned for his recovery. Many visited him, cared for him and showed their love and respect in every way. His congregation and the people in general were greatly displeased with his deposition and appealed to the Elector again and again to reinstate Gerhardt. At last, through the influence, as many believe, of the Electress, he was reappointed by special edict of January 9, Information of this was sent to 1667. Gerhardt by one of the Elector's secretaries, who at the same time told him that the Elector would rely on his good behavior and trust him to obey the edict

sick,

without signing the Revcrs. This announcement caused Gerhardt He had just recovered great vexation. from a severe illness, and the conditions of his reappointment sorely troubled his After due consideration he conscience. declined the reappointment, writing the Elector as follows It was only the most urgent necessity that induced me to withdraw from my pastoral office, and should I now reaccept it on these I should do myself a great wrong, and, own soul with so to speak, inflict on hands that wound which I have formerly with such deep anguish of heart, striven to avert.

terms,

my

my

I fear that God in whose presence I walk on earth and before whose judgment seat I must one day appear and as my conscience has spoken to me from my youth and still speaks. I can not see it otherwise than that, if I should reaccept my office, I should draw on myself

109

"Set mir gcgri'tsset, gutcr Hirt." He did so with broken voice and tearful eyes. How deserted he must have felt, how for-

and friendless amid these earthly sorrows But he sought and found comfort in prayer and undoubtedly consoled himself with his own hymn, "Bcfiehl du

lorn

!

dcine Wege." In September, 1668, he was invited to

preach a trial sermon at Lubben. and on October 5th the archidiaconate there was entrusted to his care.

though of God,

He

accepted

it

as

had come from the very hand but. on account of the severe ill-

it

ness of his only surviving son. did not enter upon his duties there until May, His work at Lubben was con1669. stantly beset with difficulties and vexations, owing to the hostile, ignorant and arbitrary disposition of the town-council. The pen of the poet no longer produced any hymns; from this 'time on his only delight and interest, beside the service of his God, was the care of his only son. Weary of his long, toilsome and thorny pilgrimage and believing the end of his journey to be near, he composed a sei of precepts or rules of conduct for this tenderly beloved son. which he left him as a legacy. Though of this world's goods he possessed none, he was rich and could well say with Peter: "Silver and gold have I none, but such as I have give I

:

God's wrath and punishment.

Shortlv afterward,

when

his conscience

was at ease again, he composed that noble hymn, "Ich danke dir viit Frcudcn," in which he praises God for His guidance and consolation in the trouble and turmoil through which he had just passed. Death of His

March

Wife— Pastorate

at Luebben

1668. his heart was saddened again, this time by the death of his dearly beloved wife, who for thirteen years had 5,

been his faithful companion and helpmate in joy and sorrow. Of five children born

them she left him one six-year-old son. Paul Frederic. As she lay dying and her eyes had already grown dim, she requested him to read that comforting hymn which he himself had composed. to

thee." Gerhardt's Precepts to His Son

These precepts are indeed exc and so well suited to our own materialism and agnosticism that we will quote them in full Study theology

in

pure

:id

unadul-

terated

universities. Especially syncretists. since they are in qir»'-

mporil

nor man. thinps and true n< your public life do not follow evil but obey the will and command of your In particular: T.

Do no

secret,

come

for,

evil

hoping that

however small the

it

may

I

-

intent

to daylight.

Never

get angry, neither in f position nor in your private as you perceive ftfl perfectly still and do not Ul 2.

In

x

ur official

•

|

you have ri and the Apostles' Creed 3,

Be ashamed

When

you have

in

of sensual and sinful r
&

d.

:

:

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

128

Richards, Christian Pcery (Beary), Anthony Kv-ar (Geiger?) Stuffield Kvgar, and the following, entries of which are given in full below :

Jan.

II, 1753,

Martin Orner, Cr.

By

hauling 12 tons Pigg Mettle from Warwick To Poole 10 pds. 16 5 ton ditto from Warwick to Phila. to Thos. Yorke 2 Jan. 10, 1752, Andrew Spring, Cr. By 1 ton fire places from Warwick to Mr. Franklin's 2 pds Oct. 6, 1754, Jacob Stover, Cr. By hauling 25 bu. Indian Corn from Philadelphia here, ^ 7 d 14 c. 7 d. Jan. 12, 1753, Christian Brower is credited with some hauling and then chareed with Hauling 1 ton Barr Iron from Pine Forge to Thos. Yorke's, hauled bv 1

Wagner's team

him

for

\

The people depended on this store for drills, the varieties being limited, but charges show that the doctors also were called upon. A few items follow: May

Rubin Duderow (Dotterer) Dr. paid Doctor Mover for curing vour sons Legs 1752, The Estate of William Gilmore, Dr. To paid the French Doctor 49 s. 9 1752, George Lawrence. Dr. To 1 ounce Jesuits bark *

14, 1752,

To

Dec.

1,

Oct. 20,

To -

:'

a

.

qt.

1

4 pd-. 2 pds. 9

I

5.

9

d.

2

-.

6

d.

1

s.

4

d.

Rum

Sept. 19, 1753, Stuffield Kyger, Dr. To 2 Vomits Sept. 25, 1753, Jacob Bowman, Dr.

To

1

Molasses

qt.

@

Vomit

I

(a.

and

10!^

s

1

1

10'

s.

Sept. 25, 1753, Christian Moser, Dr.

To Aug.

8,

1754,

1

Vomit

1

;

Mathis Miller, Dr.

Rum

To To

a purge

To

3

1

qt.

1

4 d.

s.

" 1 -

Aug.

30, 1754,

A

doses Jesuits Bark

@

1-6

.:

few accounts of funeral expenses John Miller, Dr. To paid the Parson

Feb.

9,

1753,

Jan.

2,

for being at 1754, Elizabeth Stewart, Dr. To sundries for her Burial

iH

your funeral

Bu. fine flower sugar 6 d lb. cheese (a 3 d

9 6 4

lb.

)

@

lb.

4 -

allspice

Rum

3 galls. 1 gall.

Wine

(a>

@

T

s

=;

8

s

Cash paid Jonas Jones

A

" 10 " 10

for digging ye grave ".

coffin

?

Cr.

Bv

Feb.

8,

July

1,

@

9 mo. & 4 d. wages 9 pd. per 1754. John Ball, Dr. To 1 gallon Wine for your child's Burial 1754, Estate of Paul Climping. Dr. To sundries at ye funeral. I vr.

annum

IS pds. TO

P»

" expense when sick " 2 times bleeding " 2 quarters Flower " 11 lb. sugar butter S d.. 7/11, " a winding sheet, cap. neck cloath " gallon Rum and Spice .... 1 " l/> gallon Rum 4 s

>.

?

@

5

@

•The

"Jesuits'

bark"

was

Peruvian

bark,

which

was introduced by tlM Jesuit

4 mission.-.

|

1

1

u.

«•

:

THE DAY-BOOK OF JOHN POTTS

ug

@

g /2

l lb. cheese 5 d a coffin, 30 s Digging the grave

3

n y2

10

1

-

The following miscellaneous charges may

also be of interest

Adam

Shaner, Dr. a pint of Liquor last Sunday morning 6 & John Latcher, Dr. To a Dinner he invited one of his Countrymen to 6 d. John Moltzer, Cr. By 3 horse collars 4/6 13 s. 6 d. Oct. 13, 1752, Peter Funk, Dr. To 2 days lost time with the team going to Warwick, being drunk 1 pd. Oct. 24, 1752, Peter Levergood, Dr. To 20 Apple trees from J. Tyson's 6 5. Dec. 27, 1752, Jacob Kyger, Dr. To two french Guineas given him at Henry C?pc-ly in Philadelph in Order to bring me a Double barreld Riffle from Germany Jonas Jones, Cr. By crying vendwe at Wm. Gilmores 5 5. Jan. 12, 1753, Aquila Jones, Dr. Jan. 31, 1752,

To

@

To June

15, 1753,

June

15, 1753,

1

'

bottle snuff

Henry Coplebarger. Cr. By your wife's Sowing

2

5.

4 d.

John Patrick, Dr.

Aug.

6,

1753,

To six Dubelloons and two pestoles paid you Abraham Wanger. Dr. To sawing 175 ft. Bds, his own wood

Mar.

4,

1754,

Simon Siner, Cr. By his wife's Spinning S^2

Aug.

17, 1754,

lb.

@

yarn

Warwick

at

35 pd-.. a 5

14 d

9

?..

?.

3

;

d.

11 d.

John Moyer, Dr.

To

a Pott, wgt. 52

lb.

@

4

&

d.

Potthook

a

MER NEMMT'S

WIE'S

1

KUMMT

by "sor.LY hulsbuck"

Wann's immer Summer war

Un Hundsdaga

es

bci uns. mit

ganz Johr rum

— wann

Blumma deet

mer

draus im

G

Schlitta fahra?

Wann's immer hell war, immer klor, ken Schatta for drin loofa; Wann's Sunnaschei war Dag un Nacht was deet mer duh for scfaloft?

—

Wann Leit so wara dass kens wot nix. was sie net verdiena. Un jeders gut un ehrlich war — wer deet em Deiwel diena?

Mo«

rails Supposin', wann mer fischa geht. kennt mer en nix as grossa Katzarisch was deet mer duh for Ik

—

Vun

Suppose die Meed war'n

Wann Buwa um Wann Wann

da

all

so schei as wit sie duhn appiera. sin wann deet mer k

—

Weg rum

gar ken Schtreit war in der Welt un's he! ken Ungerechtt was deet mer duh tor fechta? alles immer Frieda war

:

—

alles gingt grad wie mer's will, mit gar ken Schtarm un F.rummla. Un's Cash keemt immer plenty rei— was deet mer dull for grumml.i }

Wann

Teh denk. mer losst's so wie mer's find, un eelit SO fart mi'nanner Der Kerl wu's bescht dut as er kann. briugt .rd un Himmo! tamoUL ;

:

l

5

s.

6

d.

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

'jo

Myles Loring: A

Tale of the Tulpehocken REV.

ALUKN W. QU1MBY.

Chatter IV. The

Filberts

FILBERT'S home was on DANIEL the very verge of that

water impor-

highway, once of great which extended from Middletown on the Susquehanna to Reading on the

tance,

Schuylkill, thus connecting these impor-

commerce. It was completed in 1828, and was remarkable for its "summit level/' between the Tulpehocken and the Ouittapahilla, which was over six miles in length and tant rivers for purposes of

so porous because of fissures in the limestone bed that it was necessary to line it with plank. tunnel more than seven hundred feet in length also constituted part of its course.

A

The Womelsdorf

locks

were

at

the

bridge near the Filbert homestead, and the warehouse was the next neighbor above the lock-house. The lock-chamber, with its perpendicular walls of stone, ex-

minds of many, for it was obvious that the most expert swimmer who might fall into it would have no cited terror in the

greater chance for escape than the poorest. Besides, the constant dropping and swish of the waters was likely to drown all outcries. The warehouse was a commodious structure of stone and frame. two and a half stories high, with block and tackle projecting from the roof, and the sign "Womelsdorf" on the front.

The bend picturesque

was bordered by and just below the Fil-

in the creek hills,

bert farm lay that of Elias Shull. usually spoken of as "A '-Has," after the German. Above the lock was Deppen's house. which also looked out on the canal and heavily laden and slowly moving its barges, whose approach was always announced by the blowing of a horn or

conch.

The name Tulpehocken is a perversion of the Indian Tulpewihaki, which means

of Turtles. A branch of the proud Delaware tribe of the Lenni Lenape nation, whose totem was a tortoise, once held sway along this limpid stream numerous relics of their weapons of war and utensils of peace have been found by the industrious farmers in turning up The creek, or river, as it is termed soil. on some maps, takes its rise in Lebanon

Land

;

I

county, flows eastward to the Womelsdorf locks, and after a sharp angle to :he north eventually sweeps around southeast to the Schuylkill at Reading. The Filbert house wore the stamp of home to Myles Loring, as he entered it at Sunday noon. When a child he had frequently visited it, but the family possessed the enviable secret of makir..

A

appear homelike even to a stranger.

large area in front of the house had 1 converted into a simple flower-garden, and the porch which fronted the road restful and inviting in its friendly proffer of shade from the powerful rays oi the sun. The very bees, as they buzzed ah contributed by their monotone to the im-

pression of welcome. a tall, spare man. c>i appearance and excellent mind. He was honored by his neighbors and idolHis wife was one oi ized by his family. the finest Berks county matrons, which is persaving much. Her soft tor.,vaded with kindness, and her

Daniel Filbert was

fine

^

I

A plentiful mas-; of black impressive. hair lav in wavelets upon her head, and the dark, beautiful e\es alone might ll won a lover's heart and hand. P she understanding the English I

was nevertheless too

sh\

I

in

versation; after the dinner had been pared she communed with her g the common dialect of the r... as she said, however, she

con|

his

MYLES LORIXG: A TALK OY THE TULPEHOCKEN heart with reference to other days and scenes and by assuring him of her gladness at such a meeting. Besides the daughter, Caroline, who

had accompanied them in the carriage, Mr. and Mrs. Filbert had two sons, professional young men, who were married and located elsewhere.

The

genial hospitality of the home was necessarily abbreviated that day, because of Myles's desire to view a certain muchprized spot. Mrs. Filbert deprecated the haste of his going and explained that, if her visitor had been expected, more elaborate preparations would have been made.

Where, however, is the Berks county homestead whose ordinary provision is not ample enough to overwhelm any unexpected guest, be he peasant or President? Nor is Sunday the best of days for a preacher, full-fledged or in his into indulge his appetite. But our hero ate his dinner with a relish which was very flattering to his hostess. Sitting in that basement room where he had sat in happy days "lang syne," receiving the same gracious ministry which had made such an impression upon him then, he felt delightfully at ease. Since Mr. Filbert confessed to an occasional twinge of rheumatism, he begged Myles to excuse him from personally taking him to drive, and as the boys were no longer at home, he offered to

cipiency,

send Caroline in his stead.

What

a difference ministerial position

makes in some respects! Mr. Filbert would not have made such a proposition to any other young man of twenty-four, although not a few in the vicinity of Womelsdorf would have immediately accepted it. Nor would Caroline have entertained it in any other case, for chances she had many. But there was no maidenly blush on her cheek at the suggestion it was simply a feature of sacred hospitality, and she consented a't once. Besides, it would be verv pleasant to renew an acquaintance which had begun in child;

hood.

Strange to relate, however, a dainty blush mantled the cheeks of the young student. He was not accustomed to the society of young ladies, being therein a

*3«

marked exception

to young men in genand perhaps theological > in particular. In fact he had a society, and had never been known to escort one to church except under circumeral

i

stances of punctilious etiquetl :;ce, when twelve years of age. his fun-loving relatives induced him to call at her home for a dam-el of similar age, and escort her to the commencement of a school;

but having a share in the exercises of the evening he was obliged to be separated

from her. When the entertainment was concluded he could not find her in the crowd, and the girl went home unattended, thus furnishing even greater amusement to the joking relatives than they had anticipated. Still it was not the mere fact of driving with a lady that brought the ting -lor to his face. At the tender age of six his heart had experienced a .tie passion for this same maiden, who was one of his playmates; and although it was, course, but a pleasing childish emoti never communicated to any den resurrection both amused and curiously embarrassed him. .

i

One of his early fancies was the construction of a little hut in the yard attached to his home, with a window an inch square, through which he and might look at the falling rain. Ah. what unalloyed bliss the acme and anticipations! But has not many a maturer lover nurtured quite as un; Xow time wis having its tical ideas? revenges.

—

The buggy was duly brought to the garden-gate, and the pair departed Host. The ride was really very and both participants enjoyed it. H delightful is such compai ip, when cultured minds, having no pi ncss. commune in intellectual in |

freedom

Up

!

long hill slowly walked old Jack, whisking his tail luxuriously in the occasional shade of the cherry-t: the

-

OnCC more on

tiled the level :: to exert himself; the home of the ishes was soon reached, and then the I

mansions oi

Down

hill,

tiu

S

past Breneiser's

si

I

the

^

(

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

132

cross-roads, to the little stream known as Mill creek, which empties into the Tulpehocken lower down, thence, swerving to the right, the white paint of Host church was seen reflecting the afternoon sunshine.

the candidate

world was

for

more

would

holy orders that the

sinless

and that

work

his

awakening a profound inon the present occasion. But they must be reserved for a later chapter. Af-

singing psalms of praise than in administering reproof, rebuke and exhortation. Upon the whole Myles enjoyed his own evening ministry in English more than After his the German of the morning. return the crooning of the tree-frogs, the croaking of their cousins of the stream, and the multiplied complaints of the k dids, completed the wholesale transfor-

ter

surveying the alluring pastoral scenery Myles suggested a new route home, which would take them by a grist-mill on Mill creek. This of course was accepted,

mation from the theological seminary to the opening labors of the parish, and dream after dream succeeded to the wondering guest. Mr. Filbert's frank con*

and under the influence of summer-bright hills and dales and pleasant companion-

versation, his wife's shy but cordial German and an occasional word from Caroline were as agreeable as they had been unlooked for when he left that little room where the honors of the seminary had

There were some

ties that bound the to this neighborhood which, not so universal, were neverthe-

young man though

less potent in

terest

ship the trip proved a satisfaction to each participant, except probably the horse.

Down

stream they went for some

dis-

likely

been so

a considerable hill, they emerged upon the principal highway and pursued their homeward journey, arriving at the house just in time for tea. The visit of the day being ended, the young man began his

very early one.

up

but he had reckoned without his host, who

words of grateful farewell literally

insisted that after the

;

coming service

in

English he must return and remain at morning. When Myles replied that he would be looked for at the hotel, Mr. Filbert smiled and said that the landlord knew better in general besides he had sent word to that worthy not to look for a return of his guest before Monday. Myles, nothing loth and with every burden off his mind for he had as yet had no opportunity to worry about his serleast until

;

—

mons

— stayed.

was an occasion

the older favorites, and the odor of mint growing along the banks of the creek was borne in by the evening zephThe Sunday quiet of the eventide. yrs. assisted bv the motion of the old-fashioned rocking-chairs and the charm of friendly conversation, which largely par-

some of

took of reminiscences, made

poned

fairly

in a rural home was somewhat postevening, but at last Mr. Fil-

retiring this

It

bert brought a Bible to Myles. and re-

quested him to conduct devotions before In a simple offer:: parting. tude to God for abounding mercies— especially for. those oi that day he commended them all to our heavenly Father. Then the good-nights were spoken, and each sought that pleasurable re: which succeeds a holy day ral

—

spent.

Myles did not linger long before trying the comforts oi the spare bed. but be: he extinguished his light he read upon a "sampler" which hung framed upon the

name oi the tenant of the The springs oi his ulcher on the hill. he heart having been touched on did not fall asleep at once. When he finally slumbered, his dreams, which were the continuation of his last wak thoughts, were of a toy house in a J wall, the

-

fc,

to be remembered. The flower-garden before the porch contained not only modern beauties, but also It

The

in

won. hour

tance, passing the mill in question later, winding around by the Cross Keys and ;

consist

it

seem

to

and two children* crazing through

window

how

at

a

I

the falling rain,

was trans into two children ha become, woman, and they were

the toy house

a larger one. the

a man and a oline and himself!

(To bo continued

I

—

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

in

The Home Tills

department

tended for

It

Is In charge of Mrs. H. should be addressed.

II.

Funk, of

Sprlngtown,

Pa.,

to

whom

all

com man lea Hon*

In-

Early Cheese-Making An explanation for attempting to treat this subject at this time of the year may not be amiss to the readers of this department. Owing to an earnest request from a worthy reader of this magazine at Washington, D. C, for an article on "cup-cheese," which is sold at all

attended

markets

by

Pennsylvania-German

was prompted to comply at an early Without confining myself to the one date. variety named, I shall attempt to describe the several best known varieties of cheese and give the processes by which they were produced, farmers,

I

compiling the information gleaned from various sources. The production of cheese for family consumption, as well as for market, which in most instances came within the routine of every fru-

and industrious Pennsylvania-German gal housewife, is now almost a lost art. To reach the height of perfection the operation began with the management of the dairv. The various subsequent operations, all performed by trained hands and with keen oversight, required patience, time and labor, so that with the advent of improved dairy-apparatus and factories, home-made cheese is gradually disappearing. Proud indeed may be the housewife who. at this day, is able to set before her family or guests any one kind of these oldfashioned palatable relishes cottage cheese or Schmicrk'ds, cup ,or pot-cheese, and Dutch or

—

summer-cheese (Ballaklis), as known in different localities, all of which are luxuries that no-v but few of the rising generation of Pennsylvania-Germans can enjoy. Good, milk was the foundation for the successful manufacture of cheese. The next important points were cleanliness and care, that the milk might be rid of all animal odor and that they misrht be thoroughly separated from the curd. Butter and cheese were manufactured from the same milk when there was a fine herd of cows, well fed. the result being fine rich milk from which the cream could be removed for butter and the skimmed milk con'

verted into cheese. The use of rennet, a preparation made from the stomach of a sucklinc calf, was to some persons indispensable in the thickening process, as only from milk properly thickened could the best results be expected or obtained.

What was common to

called "scalding the curd" was several methods, but what was done under these methods differed very much. Some sliced up the curd in sections and poured boiling water over them to remain for about half an hour, or until the whey began to separate; then all was poured into a thin muslin bag and hung up in as cold a place as possible

without freezing, until the water or whey was drained off. This was undoubtedly successful to a certain extent, but did not brinr results secured by a proper cooking of the curd in the whey, as the application of heat to the curd while yet in the whey not only enriched it, but gave a more thorough coagulation. all

Cottage Cheese or "Schmierkaes" This was the simplest form of the homemade article and is still largely used in rural districts, the simplicity of making it heir-* chief reason. quanti:y of the drained c sufficient for a meal, was taken, into v. and thoroughly mixed a small quant by some a little pepper. This a smooth paste by adding milk sufficient to give it the consistency of heavy cream, :*ed which it was ready for ser\ by many as a sub>*itute for was freshlv mixed for each meal, it no: remaining edible for a loneer period than the

A

'

The sweet milk u-ed in thinning it. however, were generally kept on hand the fall and winter season. Cup

c\:

dm

or Pot-Cheese.

A in

quantity oi the well scalded curd* were put in a a pot with a litfle salt added

uniform temperature o! well stirred dnilv tor about a time it was a sticky mass

•

\\

pan in which a generous lump of butter had t to a been melted, and the whole w,v Afl boil with constant stirring. 9

a

!

inn

it

became

a

smooth paste and

-a

for the mold.

Another and more modern meth. was considered an improvement, «

-

:' lows: Starting with a quantity of scalded by placing the pot in the baking the curd, this was well drained, *\ ing all prc->ure. These curds wore then r' temin an earthen vessel kept in a m perature, to which wen W thoroughly mixed. quantity was obtained the win ning proseason or ripen. The cess continued, the duct would be. but as MMM as it became a '

I

•

-

sticky

mass

il

was

c

ns

then poured into a well lowed to simmer over brincinv: it to the boiling any stirring whatever

' •

slow p

of curds heated was added 1 cup o\ sweet cream. I spoonful of soda and, at: for about fifteen minul

beaten eggs;

then

pit

and

al-

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

*34

boiling it was poured into cooling vessels. If a thick skin formed on the sides and bottom of the pan early in the boiling process, it was a sure indication of a good quality of cheese.

Dutch

or

Summer

Cheese ("Ballakaes")

The manufacture

of this article of food, while not intricate, required experience, and the best results could only be had by patience and practice. The process as given was as follows Well thickened milk was scalded and drained, care being used not to scald it too hard. This was usually done daily with the available thick milk. The curds were preserved in an earthen vessel kept in a cool temperature, and whenever a sufficient quantity had accumulated, usually once a week, the curds were placed in a receptable, a pinch of :

was added and the mass was kneaded until became smooth and showed a tendency to cling together. Then the ball was formed, solidly patted and pressed into shape and size to meet the individual's fancv. It was necessalt

it

The

sary that the balls were solid from the core. balls thus formed were placed on thin board>, usually a shingle, to dry ..ith a cool temperature which was grndu;:' so that by the end of the

The

w

dry and

Too

quick drying would c cracks, which were fatal. These dried were carefully placed in earthen : ered, put in a cool place and allowed to help themselves. In due time a heavy mold fon on the surface of each, which was left turbed until they had ripened, when they were taken out and carefully washed and scrafter which they were ready to serve. Others preferred to wash them weekly. The manufacture was usually kept up during the emir-, and winter, the balls being intended for the following spring and summer. The length of time required for ripening depended largely upon the temperature in which they u and they could rarely be kept after hausually becoming too strong by that time. -olid.

I

-

Berks County

First Settlement in

(Extract from the Reformed Church Record of Jan. 24, 1007.) years much study has been devoted IN torecent the early history of our great State,

and many valuable contributions thereto been published. The PenxsylvaxiaGerman for January contains an interesting article on the early settlement and formation of the various counties of the State, by Prof. H. W. Kriebel. It is only natural that in such In a large subject some errors should occur. reference to Berks county Prof. K. says: "The first settlements were made between 1704 and 1712 in Oley by Friends, French Huguenots and Germans. A little later Swedes sethave

tled in

Amity township."

fact is that Lutheran Swedes were the They located a first settlers in Berks county.

The

good while before 1700

at

"Manathanim," now

Douglassville. In 1693 they wrote a letter to John Thelin, postmaster at Gottenborg, Sweden, asking for two ministers. They state that they "were living in great amity with the Indians, who have not done us any harm for many years." This statement indicates their It settlement here a good while before 1693. is believed that from this statement of amity (harmony) the name of Amity township was derived. Amity was the first township in the county. In response to the above appeal two ministers and some religious books were sent to the early settlers in Berks. One of these was Rev. Andrew Rudman, who arrived at Philadelphia On June 24, 1697. He became the leader of the people at Douglassville, in the southern part of Berks county. In 1701 Mr. Rudtnan asked William Penn for permission to take up ten thousand acres of land on the river Schuylkill. This request was near Manatawny creek.

granted by Penn on Oct. 21. 1701. Mr. Rudman received a thousand acres of this land.

These Swedes erected a log church it

was between 1697

this

at

unknown: how and 1703. This was

place, but the exact date

is

the

house of worship ever erected in B county. It is said to have been 24 by 30 In this little church conference* bein size. tween the Indians and officials oi the pi A second church was a ince were held. ed here in 1730. which stood until 1S31. when had it was destroyed by fire. Thi< long been used for school purp m of the teachers was Francis R. ShuThe governor of Pennsylvania. taught were spelling, reading, writing and first

It was a subscription school, and was four cents a day. The second pastor was Rev. Gabric' who commenced the e^rl-e^t records '" 1743 the Mora\ congregation is 17.V

arithmetic. the tuition

sought to obtain control of the Lutheran Count Zir gregation. Swede there who. after having won Swedish, English, Irish and his

SOUght

side.

church.

services

I

Pastor Fall 'pit.

young

a

thief

gave him a severe bl a fight could occur parties.

-

nter the

the intruder with the «

sheepfold as

the

r

MFalk came down from the pulpit and the

ung some I

I

He announced

At the appointed hour day. tered the church early and C

When

C

and mur lemr," and then >n

Ol

th
' -

/•

THIS NUMI Pari Foiu-.h

\K

Our Symposium

cf

:

TES

rVilC

AND CANADA INCLUDIN

Pennsylvania-German Colonies in Iowa Descriptiv

Revi rend

_

graphic

:

>vitb

:h

-

1

The ITaktmax Fam from Noven

Prof. 1

d).

\

First .-

'

lf,

:

rir

'

[

r

Myles Loring Sei

Their Origin, Chang

Sn

Histor] trat
07

in J

LOT

?

PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN COLOXIHS Many More Pennsylvania-Germans

We

in

Iowa

stop our enumeration of these col-

Not

onies.

all

have been mentioned, but

these are the larger and more distinctive These colonies constitute but a ones. small portion of the Pennsylvania-Ger-

Thousands upon thousin Iowa. ands came into the State in the ten years following the Civil War. but they came

mans

small groups or single families, and in every part of the State,

in

may be found

The Germans BY REV.

J.

A.

IN

IOWA

In Black county is a large colony of Dunkards, one of the richest communities in

especially in the eastern half.

Hawk

State.

the

would be interesting

It

to

know how many

of the people of this State are the offspring of our sturdy The children of these pioneers stock.

of influence and found in all the professions, and they are also the very best of Western farmers.

have risen honor.

to stations

They are

Nova

in

to be

Scotia

SCHEFFER, A.M., ALLENTOWN, PA. (Continued.)

More German Settlers

—

Note. The word Germanic in these papers includes people from Austria.. Holland and Switzerland, as well as those from the German States proper at that period.

AHE

colony of emigrants that arrived along the coast of Halifax Bay in 1749 were granted the necessaries of life by the British government until they could provide for themA |

I

v

In 1750, 1751 and 1752 more setcame from Europe to Nova Scotia. Andreas Jung (Andrew Young), a

selves. tlers

member

of one of these later companies, wrote that King George II had issued a proclamation which was printed in English, German, Dutch and Swiss papers, offering to every man who would settle

Nova

Scotia fifty acres of land as a gift, free of all taxes for ten years, and ten acres additional for each member of a family, with further advantages in proportion to the number of acres brought in

Nova Scotia

in

embarked

at

Rotterdam,

of departure for from the continent for the eighteenth century.

port

Holland,

the

many thousands America during

An

eye-witness describes the preparaservices. All those emigrants in 1750 assembled in their church before setting out on their journey by land and water, for special services. There they reverently heard the Wot God, united in hymns oi faith and prayAfter ers for protection and guidance. tion

and farewell

.'.

:

the instructions and admonitions oi the faithful pastor they bid tearful farewells to their relatives and friends, never to return again. This is only one instance

the piety and true faith of panies of emigrants leaving

many comEurope

for

America. Because of the avarice and greed the emigration agents and vessel-owners

:'

-

who sailed for Nova Scotia in 175°1751 and 1752 suffered greatly on

those

under cultivation. It was also promised that the immigrants should be maintained for one year after their arrival. They were to be provided with tools and implements for clearing and cultivating the land, building houses and boats for fishing, with household utensils and with arms and ammunition for securing game and self-protection from the Indians. They were assured by the government

voyage from overcrowding of the and lack of proper food, water and ding, owing to which many died before and soon after their arrival, and also because of the severe climate and hardships that had to be endured. Several mission societies were ized in England and Germany to furnish Bibles, devotional hooks and pastors for

agents

the emigrants to different parts of

that

the

climate

and that the hunt,

soil

was healthful, and sea would

all that was necessary to support which was only partly true. Influenced bv such statements more emigrants

yield

•life,

:

-

ica.

Pastors came wit/.

Amer-

English-speak-

ing colonists, but. owing to the )fficia] language being English and to pros, ing schemes, the German settlers in Hal:-

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

152

fax and vicinity were unable for a considerable time to secure pastors or even school-teachers.

Easterday, 1761, a larger building known as St. George's or the "Round Church" was dedicated.

'The Society for Promoting the Knowledge of Christ in Foreign Parts"

and

appointed a Swiss minister as the first pastor of the Germans in Nova Scotia, though there seems to have been a German congregation sufficiently numerous to call and support a German pastor.

As

early as October 12, 1752, Johann S. Gross deeded to the Evangelical Lutheran church a lot in Halifax. X. S., thus showing that a German Lutheran organization already existed, competent to hold real estate. At that time there were no

English Lutheran congregations in any country.

These German settlers had been taught and trust in the Lord and assembled in private homes to worship Him. to love

In these services of reading the Scriptures, singing and prayer they were led by the faithful school-teacher Johann G. They had elected deacons and Jorpel. elders who were recognized as the officials of the congregation. These German Lutherans, though yet without a regular pastor, erected a church-building in 1755, after they with other German Protestants had been compelled by law to help erect a building for the Church of England in Halifax. This latter was the State or Established Church and all citizens alike then w ere taxed for its support, whether they believed its teachings or not. This first German Lutheran church soon became too small and on second r

After the

During the which resulted

War

for

Revolutionary struggles independence of the thirteen provinces, now part of the United States, the provincial parliament of Nova Scotia refused to join the movement for independence and remained loyWhen England al to the British crown. had to grant the original thirteen colonies freedom and self-government, the provinces of XT ew Brunswick and Nova Scotia became places of refuge for many of the soldiers of the disbanded British army, as also for many of the civilian loyalists.

in the

To

indicate the German nationality possibly the particular kingdom, principality and dukedom from which these early settlers in Halifax county

came,

names

a few of the more prominent are here given: Peter Artz, Frie-

Becker, George Beyer, Peter Bergmann, Philip Brehm. Conrad Fosderich seler,

seib,

Balthasar Gebhard, Karl HagelGeorge Hohl, Adam Isler, Matl

Reinhardt

Ilsanger,

Gottfried Philip Knaut, Christoph Keyser, Friedrich Kohl, Kasper Laun. Melchior Lippert, Chris Peitsch, Johann Pfannddrfer, Paulus Stukitz, George Schaetter. Andreas

George

Jairch,

Jacob.

lost.

Schenck, Peter Schmidt. Gottlieb Schermueler, Johann Schroeder, Otto Wilhelm Schwartz. Some oi these became prosperous in business, the occupations

and trades of that time, and the

named comparatively these early German

of

Anthony

settlers,

Haenere, a printer by trade,

last-

One

wealthy. in

January.

1769. issued "The Xova Scotia Chronicle," the first newspaper in the province, and for years was the King's printer and

publisher of the "Royal Gazette."

The names of others oi manic settlers along the were Bauer, Baargeld. Euhlmann. Hamm, Halm, Kiihn, Melchior. Moscher, ler,

the

Ger-

first

Bay Dennemann.

Halifax

Haas. Keller, Moser, Metz-

Pentz, Pfcitter, Roecklin. Sauer. Sil-

ber, etc. Colonial Independence

Halifax and Shelburne. X.

S..

pi

received a larger portion of these Among people than any other places. bly

them were some Dutch. Germans. Hessians and Swiss. They had been ic tomed to a royal government, and to special privileges, and hence were more loyal to the king. In this way the population of Xova Scotia was increased to twice its number at the close of the -

War in 1783. of these loyalists that went

Revolutionary

One

Xew York

\. erend Bernard M. Hausihl. to Halifax.

from was RevHe was born

S..

THE GERMANS Heilbronn, in the kingdom of Wiirttemberg, 1727, and probably educated at the University of Strassburg in AlsaceLorraine. In 1751 he married the daughter of Christopher B. Mayer, a useful citizen of Ulm, and the next year with his wife's parents came to Fredericktown, Md., and was pastor of the German Lutheran congregations in that, part of the province till 1759. .Then he was Lutheran pastor of congregations in and near Reading, Pa., until 1768, when he went to Easton, Pa., and also preached in His industry and ability Philadelphia. secured him in 1770 the call to become senior pastor of the Dutch Lutheran church in New York. Here his scholarship and noble character increased his influence among the people and gave him a prominent position in that city. He preached in the German, Dutch, English and French languages. When the Revolutionary troubles beat

gan, Reverend Mr. Hausihl defended the rights of the British monarchy. During the war his church and house were burned. Not being reconciled to the political conditions after the Revolution, his family of three sons and seven daughters and a number of his congregation went to Halifax, N. S., a city of safety for loyalist refugees, who were true in their allegiance to the British sovereign.

The Reverend Mr. Hausihl was welcomed by both the British authorities and the members of the German congregation. Though they occasionally had the of English ministers who had learned German so as to partly minister to the congregation in that language, yet in more than thirty years they did not have a pastor that could plainly and fluently preach in their native tongue. Reverend Bernard M. Houseal faithfully ministered to this German congregation services

IN

NOVA SCOTIA

153

Scotia until his death in \~ rfj. buried in a vault under the first German church-building, erected on In Nova Brunswick street in 1755. Scotia the name was changed to Houseal. Some of the Houseal descendants are now living in the United States. One of the male line is an editor and publisher of books and papers in South Carolina. Only members of the Church of England could hold civil and political offices in Nova Scotia up to 1867. when the various British provinces in North America voted to form the Dominion of Canada, disestablished the State Church and esin

Nova

He was

tablished free schools. Notwithstanding these and also social disadvantages some of the members of the German congrega-

Halifax prospered, and became and influential citizens, as did more of their descendants and Germans and Swiss who arrived in later years. Although Halifax, N. S., is still chiefly an English city, yet no observing visitor can fail to notice the Germanic features of many of its population, as also the Ger-

tion

in

useful

man names

of men in the business, manufacturing and shipping interests, and oi late years in official and social life, as well as names of Germanic origin in the Many of their names are city directory. the same or similar to those oi the Penn-

sylvania-Germans.

The same statements of the

are true oi >o\v.c

people in the province oi

New

Brunswick, many of whose ancest rs were loyalist refugees. Some oi the latter were oi the better educated and privileged class and their descendants have an active and honored position in the citizenship oi that province.

However

the

changes in names have been so great that they can hardly be recognized as of manic origin except by persons giving special attention to such matters.

(To be continued.)

Schools for the scientific training of nurse? date back only about eighty years, when they hepan to be established in Germany by Dieffenbach, King. Gcdike and Rhu'staat.— Dr.

George G. Groff.

The German

settler in

Penn's province was

greatly instrumental in its pre-. not only as a mere agriculturist, but in the rearing of varied and substantial industries M. H. Richards.

—

:

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

154

Reverend Jacob Gruber, Methodist Preacher BY H. W. KRIEBEL. of IT presentbe atheshortobject account of will

this

paper to the noted

Methodist minister Jacob Gruber, condensed from the Life of Jacob Gruber, by W. P. Strickland, who said of him

'

'£

.

fr\ 4pv

He was himself always and everywhere, and he never lost his individuality as one of the must humorous, witty, yet withal grave and earnest preachers of his day. Parentage, Conversion and First Ministry •

Jacob, son of John and Platina Gru-

German

was born in Bucks county, Pennsylvania, February In early life he came under the 3, 1778. influence of Simon Miller and Isaac Robinson, two itinerant Methodist preachers the former of whom was also ber, both of

—

of

German

descent

became convinced of

descent,

— listened

to them, the need of convertimes a day for a

prayed seven change of heart, was converted and with his parents joined the Methodist church. sion,

Being a sprightly lad, he was soon called upon to exercise his gifts in pubAs usual in lic prayer and exhortation. such cases in those early days, a storm of persecution arose, not only from those who were outside of the church and the family, but such as served to illustrate the declaration that "a man's foes shall be they of his own household.'' Strange as it was, his father, mother, brothers and sisters, as if by common consent, rose up against the young exhorter, so that he was obliged to leave home and seek more congenial quarters elsewhere.

The result of this was that by the year 1800 he presented himself at the conference of the Methodist church and received an appointment as itinerant minister. Habited in a gray suit oi Quakerish cut and a drab broad-brimmed hat, he started

for his circuit.

Though young

and inexperienced, being a little over twenty years of age. he buckled on the harness like a good soldier of the cross and entered the field of itinerant warfare right manfully. Without a colleague to

whom whom in the

he might look for advice, and from he might receive encouragement

arduous and

difficult

work

o:

ministry, he showed himself worthy of the post assigned him, and heroically encountered the difficulties and responsibilities of a large four weeks' circuit. His field of labor as outlined by hims comprised, as its lower part. Wysock,

Towanda and Sugar Creek, thei up the Chemung some distance, thei up the North Branch above the Great

then

Bend.

After traveling this circuit

-

X

months he was transferred to the H< mer circuit, to which had been added the Mohawk circuit, embracing all the country from ''Jericho to the headwaterthe

Mohawk

river."

,

Comforting a Penitent

— The

"Jerks"

The second year of Gruber's iti: ministry was spent on the Oneida Cayuga

circuit,

embracing

a larg

western New York. Vast tracts wilderness interposed between the pointments and new hardships had to be endured. Nothing daunted he scaler. in

:

:

REVEREND JACOB GRUBER, METHODIST PREACHER mountains, penetrated the woods and sought the cabins nestled among them, that he might preach the gospel to their The next year he spent on inmates. the

Dauphin

On

this circuit

Huntingdon

and

circuit.

he visited a man who was in great distress of mind, weeping much This and praying almost constantly. conversation took place between them

What I

become

will

of

you?

you go

there,

The you

will

have

it

all

to

What do you mean? I mean just what I

If you go to hell say. weeping and praying, you will scare the devils away, for I never heard or read of one going to hell weeping and praying.

came over

the man's his desface, like sunshine on a cloud pair was gone and hope full and joyous sprang up in his soul. this

ice in the

a smile

When

middle.

he dismounted with ing his horse leap upon

yourself.

At

and traveled on. During the day it beg.' rain, which rendered his journey still more At length he reached uncomfortable. Cheat river and found it considerably swollen, ice,

Where will vou go? To hell. if

He struck for the mountain on the path about ten o'clock, but had not proceeded many miles before he found it covered knee-deep with snow, and not a single track to be seen. He picked his way, however, as best he couid,

with

shall be lost.

But

cabin was to be found in a distance of

twenty miles

;

ice did not break,

he reache

:

then, n he mounted again. he was^enabled to

difficulty, it,

and

reach the other shore with little difficulty. He then proceeded on his journey, and trav on in the woods until night over: when he lost his path and became entangled The rain, which had been pourin the forest. ing down, now changed into snow, and wind blew furiously. Besides all this, it was

becoming intensely

cold.

What

to

do he

k

3 not except to pray. He spent the night sitl on his horse. Above the roar of the storm he could hear the scream of the panther an howl of the wolf. It was a dreadful but morning came, and with it he four path and about ten o'clock reached the Greenbrier river, which he crossed and in a time found himself at the house oi a friend. Neither himself or horse had tasted a m of food since they started, but they were inured to hardships and suffered but little in I

:

.

In 1804 Gruber was sent to the Carlisle circuit, which was included in the Baltimore conference. This was a large and laborious field, in which the noted Henry Boehm, also of German descent, was his colleague. His next fields of labor were the Winchester and Rockingham circuits. It

was during

that he

first

Kentucky, witnessed the "jerks," which this period, in

he thus described

:

,

men

Some were happy under

this

#

strange excitement, while others were miserable. Their heads would shake in quick motion backward and forward, till the person would fall. Some would sit down, others would stand it out, though agitated and all in

commotion from head

A

consequence.

A

Coughing Slaveholder

to foot.

Perilous Winter Journey

Incidents

is

commenced he was attacked with

a

hacking cough, and could utter only a word at a time. He was an extensive slaveholder, and Rumor with her tongue had whispered that he was entirelv too mercenary as a master in his I

relation to his slaves. The local preacher, seeing the man's difficulty of getting up the words, exclaimed in the midst of

OM

coughing paroxysms: "Thai's right, brother. COUgh up the niggers, and then you'll have an open time." Gruber was presiding elder on the Greenbrier district from 1807 to 1S10. when he was appointed presiding elder oi the Monongahela district, which embraced all the country between Laurel Ridge and Lake Eric, extending '• Clarksburg in Virginia to Armstrong of

In the year 1807 he was appointed presiding elder of the Greenbrier district, embracing a wild region of country in Virginia, said to be the roughest in the bounds of the Baltimore conference, extending into North Carolina and taking in its sweep the wildest portions of the Cumberland mountains and Tygart's valley. His biographer gives the following description of one of Gruber's experiences at this time in going through a wild, mountainous region, where not a single

— Other

related that during a quarterly meeting a brother rose to speak. As soon It

as he

Different classes of persons had them,

and women.

-

his

county

in

Pennsylvania.

Space does not permit us to dwell on the routine work performed by Grul

:

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

156

The

incident

following-

biographer will handling people.

by his

related

illustrate

his

tact

in

know

stockings

camp-meeting,

holes

in

a young man attended who had borrowed a

The

shirt for the occasion.

very

without

shirt

had a

supply of ruffle. Like several others, contrary to the rules of the meeting, he mounted one of the seats to overlook the congregation. Some of the ministers from the stand requested him very politely to descend, but he paid no attention. After seeing the failure, Mr. Gruber took him in hand. In quite a distinct and loud voice he cried "O brethren, let the man alone let him enjoy himself. Don't you see he wants to show his ruffled shirt, and after all, I dare say, it's liberal

:

;

The young man instantly jumped down and made off, saying with an oath to a friend ''How did he know I

borrowed."

:

had a borrowed

shirt on?*'

At one time Gruber came across a number of fellow ministers smoking cigars, when he exclaimed: "Dear me, what a smoke!'' adding: Tobacco is an And from the It spoils

evil

weed,

devil did proceed;

your breath and burns your clothes. a chimney of your nose.

And makes

Being called upon

prove that the devil made tobacco he 'said: "I read in the Scriptures that the mustard-seed is to

the smallest of all seeds, that is, the smallest of all seeds that the Lord has everybody knows that the made.

Now

tobacco-seed is seed, therefore

made

it."

its

work

vigorous

any part of the Methodist field. He seemed, however, to have a dread of cities, and what he called "the fashionable

in

flummery of

churches" gave him "painful exerci-

whenever

it

fell

to his lot to preac.

them. Notwithstanding this he was appointed to Baltimore and was assigned to the Light Street church and the colored church in Sharp street. Gruber his work here as faithfully as elsewhere, but was nevertheless anxious to get a

from the

city.

On

his plea to this

he was appointed to the Carlisle circuit and soon after was made presiding elder of the district.

At another time a

itinerant service of thirteen years

pline for effective

At the close of a prayer-meeting in the altar, when the time had come for preaching, every effort of the elder failed to get the congregation arranged in proper order. Quite a number were standing on the seats, and among them several ladies. Grulrer lifted up his voice, the squeaking accent of which immediately arrested attention, and said: '"if those ladies there only knew what great holes they have in their stockings, they wouldn't be standing on the bench where they can be seen by everybody." They all dropped down as if they had been shot. After the discourse one of the preachers asked Gruber how he knew the young ladies had holes in their stockings. "Why," said he in his quizzical manner, "did you ever them?"

An

had qualified him by

smaller than mustardmust have the devil

A Sermon That Led to a Trial While Gruber was presiding elder of the Carlisle district, the most remarkevent perhaps in his life occurred. He, Methodist preachers of that day in the slave-holding States bor^ timony against the evils of slavery, rough thunderbolt manner, however, which he denounced wicked mast rs sometimes excited their ire. The ei to which we allude grew out oi a sermon preached by him at a camp-meeting in Washington county, Maryland, sixteenth of August, 1S1S. Though presiding elder of the district, he had charge of this meeting, and was there

like all the

-

I

I

simply as a visiting minister. The delivered on Sabbath evei ng, and to show that there was nothing meditated in it. or that he had the collusion with any one. while or black, he tried hard to persuade a brother n As no ister to preach in his place. stitute could be procured, it became As usual when, duty to preach. preached on such occasions, there v. -

mon was

-

large attendance, and the whole I the encampment was out to meet him. There were present four or five thous whites and between three and four hundred blacks. His text was: "Right* >-

ness exalteth a nation but sin is a reproach to any people" (Prov. xiv. 34 In his sermon Gruber dwelt or. - and righteousness, and among other ;

things said

;

:

:

REVEREND JACOB GRUBER, METHODIST PREACHER The

last national sin is slavery

and oppres-

This in particular is a reproach to the nation. Other nations who are under the yoke

sion.

of despots are pitied, especially when they are ground down under the iron heel of oppresThis nation is happily delivered from sion. live in a free country, and such bondage. that all men are created equal and have inalienable rights, such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, we hold as self-evident truths. But there are slaves in our country, and their sweat and blood and tears declare them such. The Is it not voice of our brother's blood crieth. a reproach to a man to hold articles of liberty

We

and independence in one hand and a bloody whip m the other, while a negro stands and trembles before him with his back cut and bleeding?"

The sermon was a strong, fearless one the slaveholders present were much displeased with it and it was rumored that Gruber would be arrested. A few weeks later a warrant was issued and two months later he was arrested at a quarHe went terly meeting in Williamsport. before a magistrate and gave the necessary security for his appearance at court. Messrs. Pigman and Taney, the latter afterwards Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, were chosen as attorneys.

At

which was held

the session

of court,

Hagerstown, he preThe case was sented himself for trial. submitted to the grand jury, which after two weeks of labor brought forth an indictment. The. indictment charged that Jacob Gruber "unlawfully, wickedly, maliciously and advisedly did endeavor to stir up, provoke, instigate and incite divers negro slaves to commit mutiny and rebellion." The trial was held and he was acquitted. At the conclusion of his trial he hastened on to conference, which was held at Alexandria in March, 18 19. At his own suggestion he was assigned to the Frederick circuit, lest some might say they had cleared him out of Maryland. in

went

Harri>burg and rented a house friend of mine. After this was done I went in a carriage for some things I had left in Maryland. The distance was about thirty miles. I preached in the evening. The next day I traveled about the same place and got married in the evening. The day lowing was spent in packing up, and the day after J started out on my return trip, arrived safe at Harri>burg and put my particular friend in the rented house, went to housekeeping, receiving a number of my acquaintances preached on Sunday and was oft on Mo: to fill my regular appointments on the circui:. I

for

a

to

particular

-

I

During his stay on the Dauphin cirGruber drew up a statement from which the following words are quoted cuit

Sixteen years of

At

the conference of 1820 he was on request transferred to the Philadelphia conference, because he had decided to take a partner for life or to "hal-

his

own

His manner of spending his first week on Dauphin circuit, the appointment he received from the Philadelphia conference,

ter his condition," as

he expressed

he described as follows

it.

my

first

traveling the al-

lowance was eighty dollars a year for qua:- : age. At the General Conference in 18 16 the quarterage was raised to one hundred dollars. That body passed what some called the '"One

Hundred Dollar The more some

Bill."

I

get the

did not vote for

it.

more they want, and

they are always complaining. After conference some one asked me "Will you not the one-hundred-dollar quarterage?" I said: "Yes, but I keep no account of expenses."' And from that conference to this time I have taken no traveling-expenses, except in a wtry few circuits where they had a surplus of money and urged me to bring in my ace of traveling-expenses. Hitherto the Lord ha? helped and kept me alive, and I hope to forever. When I had traveled ten years. of which were 011 a large district, the w\ amount of my traveling-expenses was one hundred and twelve dollars and some cents. I had fast-days never stopped at a tavern to buy a dinner. When I had :o get my horse fed I paid for the oats, stood by and kept the chickens from eating them, then went on my :

I

:

way.

New

Charges

—A

Temperance Address

In 1822 Gruber was sent from conferIt included a ence to Bristol circuit. large territory, embracing all the C try from Xorristown to the river Delaware, with the different towns German-

—

town. Chestnut Hill. Doylestown. Newtown. Attleboro, Bustleton, Holmesburg.

Frank ford. Marriage, Quarterage and Expenses

157

etc.

1824 Gruber. with two brothers, was sent to the Lancaster circuit. This territory embraced Reading, Wayi burg. Lancaster. Columbia and the whole country between these places. The year he was sent to Burlington, Now Jerse\ in response to his request at the c In

1

.

fereuce

for

easier

work or

rest.

The

next two years he was on the Ches circuit, having Darbv. Radnor. West

:

:

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

58

Chester and a number of other towns in In 1828 he was stationed in Philait. delphia, and in 1830 in Salem, Xew

Nothing; only I thought I would call and congratulate you on so happy an event. I don't want to be congratulated. had the pleasure of knowing your lady I and of frequently stopping at her house, when I traveled the Lewistown circuit. I haven't got any lady. Well, I should like to pay my respect Mrs. Gruber.

Jersey.

Gruber made the following note about Salem

his experiences at

When in Salem one evening the president of a temperance-society requested me to go with him to a meeting. young Baptist preacher read a piece very severe against rum-drinking, stating how it ruined families, men of talents, doctors, lawyers and even ministers: how it defiled courts and even churches and pulpits.

She But

A

He

:

.

I

Outwitted by Boys

any stranger had if there was time. I took the hint and as a stranger made a few remarks, stating that severe things were said against drinking, and it would be a kindness to point out a course to prevent thirst and to give advice to such as were almost continually under a salivation. Churches were polluted by rum-drinkers, and so they were by some who use a stimulus called tobacco. "Look on the floor of a church on the men's side if you See, see spatteration, have a strong stomach slaveration fie! fie! Where did all that come from? From the drainings of a dunghill? No, As soon as the no; be decent, don't tell. preacher takes his text some take a chew to brighten their ideas and spice what they hear. not allow another poor fellow to take out of his pocket a flask, and take a dram to brighten his ideas and stimulate his devotion?" While I was dropping my hints there was a wonderful wiping, not of the eyes but of the mouths. I was not invited to speak again in that place about either rum or tobacco. president

anything

to

said,

say

!

!

!

Why

Second Marriage

—A

Congratulating Brother

In 183 1 and 1832 Gruber traveled on Waynesburg circuit and the following year on Port Deposit circuit. From the Philadelphia conference he was sent to Baltimore, by request on account of the poor health of his wife. In 1846 he was sent to Washington, D. C. the following year he was appointed to the Carlisle circuit. The next year he, after having been a widower for over three years, married During his work at his next again. charge in Baltimore a brother minister who had known his second wife before marriage thought it the proper thing to pay her a visit. He called on Gruber. when the following conversation took ;

place :

is

Ig-

s

,

;

enough

to

listen to his entreaty

and demands,

one of the young Americans drew up bis for another ride down the hill. Gruber determined to stop him and for this pur] planted himself firmly on the sled. 7 rogues seeing this and taking a hint fro.-, leader, simultaneously made a push for parson, and before he had time to disir. -

the sled down the slippo that could not be arrested. Away went Gruber and. John Gilpin away went his hat. amid the shouts of the ~ boys. Never had he a swifter nor yet a S passage in the down-hill oi life, and reached the bottom and returned for his headcovering, he was a wiser if not a better man. Not a word- did he say to the boys, but erately he walked home.

away went with a

momentum

':

A young preacher, desirous of improving his Style as a pulpit-orator and having great confidence in Father Gruber. wrote to him for advice. The voting man had contracted the habit of prolonging his words, especially when under the inDeeming fluence of great excitement. this the most important defect in his elocution. Gruber wrote him the following :

how do you

do, sir? I hope you are well; I understand you have been getting married again. Brother

Gruber. Well, what

Advice

He was much annoyed by the boys who joyed themselves in the winter sport of sliding down a hill near his house on their sledv Having no children himself, he did not wish to be disturbed by those of other peop hearing the noise as long as his nervepatience would allow, he sallied forth to stop them. He remonstrated with them and urged them to desist; but the urchins with their were too much attached to their sport to what they regarded as their right for any slight or transient cause. After n

laconic reply

Good morning. Brother Gruber

— Professional

His biographer relates only one stance in which Gruber's wit and jr. ment failed him and he was complel outdone. The story goes as follows

read hard words, and when he was done

the

respectable enough. 1 not be permitted to see her? don't keep her for a show. is

may

that of your business?

Pkar-ah

Brothkr-ah

go-ah to-ah p: don't-ah say-ah Ah-ah.

:

When-ah

Vours-ah.

Jacob-ah Grcper-ah.

REVEREND JACOB GRUBER, METHODIST PREACHER Death, Bequests and

Disease and

Burial

Between 1840 and 1850 Grubcr filled successively the circuits at Lewistown, Creek and Warrior's Mifllin, Trough Mark. Having finished his work on the Lewistown circuit, he started off in March' 1850 to attend conference at AlHe got as far as Baltimore, when he had to call upon a doctor 011 account of a violent inflammation of The doctor found him his right foot. exandria, Va.

from a gangrenous him to return at once

and adhome,

suffering

foot

vised

to his

which he accordingly did. This return trip must have been a great disappointment. During fifty years of itinerant labor there was not an intermission of four consecutive weeks for any cause whatever. Gruber spent thirtytwo years on circuits, seven in stations and eleven as presiding elder on different districts but his work was done and he Was going home to die. The best medical advice within reach was immediately procured, and all was done that skill, medicine and attention could do to arrest the progress of his terrible disease, but in vain. His vigorous constitution, the skill of his physicians, the constant attentions of his wife and friends did much to stave off his death and lengthen his days, but after three months of great suffering disease gained the mastery, his strength gave way and he sank to rally no more. So fixed were his habits of devotion, however, that in spite of his great pain he would not consent to remain at home on the Sabbath, but was 'carried to the church by his brother in a chair or on a bench, that he might hear the word of God and be comforted, if he could no longer preach it himself. Not allowing himself to indulge any certain hope that his disease could be removed, he hastened to adjust his temporal affairs. In the disposition of his prop;

erty

and worn-out preachers, the widows and orphans of those who died in the work, and the •nissionary cause were made beneficiaries. A real and genuine friend to all that was good, he showed himself true 1" the last. He bequeathed to the charyrvd fund fourteen hundred dollars to by

will

the

aged

r

;

Dickinson

College,

scholarships

to

the

amount of payment of

59

hundred dollars; to the mortgage on the church in Lewistown, five hundred dollars; to the missionary society, on the death of his wife, two thousand five hundred dollars, and an additional six hundred and twenty dollars in stock of the Carlisle Bank. He was taken suddenly worse on the evening of the twenty-third day of May, having several attacks of fainting and swooning; no doubt the work oi death began at that time, as he gradually grew weaker and weaker, until forty-eight hours afterward the scene was closed. He shared the sympathy of the whole community during his affliction, and marked respect was paid him and his five

a

family at the interment. A large concourse of all denominations and citizens in general attended the funeral services. Subsequently the association of preachers for Huntingdon district passed r lutions expressive of their high regard Similar proceedings for his character. were had in the preachers' meeting at Baltimore city, in the convention of stewards for the district and the quarterly conference of Lewistown and Mifflin circuits.

A

Rare Combination

— Memorial

Poem

There existed in Jacob Gruber a very unusual combination of severity and lenity. Faults of professors oi religion he never spared, but felt himself bound, as a faithful watchman, to reprove: this he did with withering sarcasm and always with great severity and sharpness. But under this apparent harshness there was an inexhaustible vein of lenity and kindly feelings. Though he always used a sharp instrument in probing the wound, as soon as the true signs of contrition, convalescence and amendment were covered, he always had a healing balm to apply.

him rigid economy and great were Strangely blended. This

In

liberality

was another

oi his peculiarities: but the

combination was often overlooked from the fact that, while his economy was always visible and notorious, his liberality was generally silent, modest an temntious. He was a man of unto' energy and industry. His real was kindled, his principles molded and his habits

—

;

THE PENNSYLVAXIA-GERMAX

i6o

formed in

fifty years he offered men Salvation, life and heaven. Then to his promised rest He turned with faltering tread, And found on the Redeemer's breast place to lay his head.

school of early Methodism country. He performed more

in the

this

For

work, preached more sermons, endured fatigue and hardship, with less abatement of mental and physical energy, than perhaps any other minister of his time. He had a strong and vigorous mind, which generally

more

A

Fallen at close of day, Fallen beside his post; At sunset came the bright array, The chariot and the host. With triumph on his tongue, With radiance on his brow, He passed with that exulting throng, And shares their glory now.

exhibited

itself as well in conversation as in his sermons. Had he been fa-

vored with a thorough education, there is reason to believe that he would have been surpassed by few. He was likewise a sound theologian.

The following

lines in

memory

Warrior, thy work

The jubilee The jubilee

star

lost

is

Of

He

glow

everlasting love.

fellow

For threescore years and walked the earth

skies.

"Dutchman," Henry Boehm.

whom we

ten

till

of the blest.

Time can never reveal how much the Methodist church as well as the church at large owes to Jacob Gruber and his

below,

An orb is found above, To spread anew the burning

of heaven.-

And join the anthems The Sabbath of the

blest,

is

done!

Rest from thy labors, rest. Rise to thy triumph. rUe.

Rest from 'thy labors, rest. Warrior, resign thy trust.

The memory of thy name The memory of the just.

is

crown is given at last begun

Victor, the

of Ja-

cob Gruber were written by Miss Harriet J. Meek, of Warrior's Run, Pa.

A

!

hope to present a sketch

oi

in a

later issue.

even

The Hartman Family BY PROF. W.

L.

HARTMAN", PERKIOMEX SEMINARY, PENNSBURG,

PA.

(Continued from November, 1906.)

Hartman

Frederic

(3)

and Descendants

REDERIC HARTMAN of Tohn and Sophia

Mary

man, was also born on the old homestead near Temple, in Alsace, now Muhlenberg township, Berks county. He was married to Rebecca Muthart and there were born of this union two children, a son and a

—Alfred

daughter childhood

at the

(4),

who

age of four or

died

in

five years,

and Mary (4), who later became the wife of Samuel Herbine, of Reading. Mrs. Herbine's familv consists of two children— Calvin (5), who is still single, and Harrv (5), married to Estella" Buckwaiter. Elizabeth

Elizabeth

Hartman

—

0U r daughters Garson (4), John (4) Charles '(4), Daniel (4), Lewis (4)

f

son Hart-

(3),

James

Leah

(4),

—

Henry (5), Cyrus (5), Sarah 5 ters Henry Huyett and Mary (5). 5 married to Catharine Reber. who is step-sister to Frank Y. Hartman [see previous article under Amos Hartman Mr Huyett lives at Sil (4) JSpring. Pa., and is the father of -

—

(3)

Hartman

and Descendants (3),

daughter of

John and Sophia Mary Hartman. became the wife of John Huyett. and was the mother of a large family, six sons and

14).

Vnnie (4) and Sarah (4). This family settled at Sinking Spring. Pa., and practically all the descendants still live in the vicinity oi this and neighboring towns. Garson Huyett {4) was married to Eva Gaul, and their family consisted of four children, two sons and two daugh-

Thomas (6), who is marrie children Cora R ooscr [rvin (6), married to Elitaheth Oberlin; Harry to), m. Beulali Dieffenbach, and Nora (6), is still single and living at home with her Thomas Huyett's (6) children parents. I

.

— THE'

;

HARTMAX FAMILY

Minerva (7), George Henry (7), Leah (7) and Esther (7), who are both deceased. Harry and Beulah Huy-

161

are

have been born

also

(6).

are the parents of one daughter, rion (7) ctt

Ma-

Cyrus Huyett (5), son of Garson (4), was married to Mary Kurtz and resides near Morgantown, Pa. Their family is large, consisting of the following children: John (6), Charles (6), Alma (6), married to a Mr. Mohn; Oscar (6), Allen (6), Adam (6), Ivy (6), Mary (6) and two other sons and a daughter, who

died in infancy.

Sarah Huyett (5), daughter of Garis married to Henry Grill, and is the mother of two children Annie (6), who is married to Joseph Machemer, and Frank (6), who is still single. son (4),

—

Annie's (6) family consists of four chiltwo sons and two daughters Harry (7), Arthur (7), Florence (7) and Esther (7). Mary Huyett (5), daughter of Garson (4). is married to Adam Grill, but has no children. dren,

John Huyett (4), son of John and Elizabeth Huyett (3), died at the age of 25 or 30 years. He was not married. Charles Huyett (4) was married to Elizabeth Beidler and father of four children, two sons and two daughters Evan (5), Olean (5), Annie (5) and Alice (5). Evan (5) is married to Kate Knorr and is father of one daughter. Helen (6). Olean (5) is married to Ella YVenrich and is also father of a daughter. Katie Annie (5) is married to John (6). Huyett, and their family consists of two children, Luke (6) and Gertrude (6). Alice (5) is married to Xorris Miller, and is mother of one son, Warren (6).

—

Daniel Huyett (4), son of John and Elizabeth Huyett (3). was married to

Lydia Gaul and was the father of five children Garson (5), Harvey (5), Lutncr (5)i (5) and Mary (5). Garson (5) resides just beyond the northern limits of Reading and has recently been extensively engaged in building in that city. He has been married twice to Ruth, by whom he was the father of one son. Victor (6), and to

—

—

Emma

Emma

Susan Hartman, daughter of

Amos

Hart-

man (4), (see previous article) his present wife. From this union two daughters

— Florence

(6) and Lillie

Lewis Huyett (4), son of John and Elizabeth Huyett (3;, was an invalid and He died at the age of never married. about forty years.

James

(4) was married to father of three chil(5), married to Carrie

Huyett

Mary Gaul and was dren

—Walter

Filbert; Carrie

(5),

who

and Alma (5), married

still

is

to a

single,

Mr. Bender. of two chil-

Walter's (5) family consists dren, Edith (6) and another daughter. Leah and Elizabeth Huyett (4), daughters of John and Elizabeth Huyett (3), were both maiden ladies. Elizabeth has been deceased for a number of years, but Leah is still living at the ripe old age of eighty years. She resides with her sister Sarah at Sinking Spring, Pa.

Annie Huyett (4) was married to Richard Haiti, of Wernersviile. and is the mother of two sons, Franklin H. ^5) and Charles I. (5). Both are graduates of State the Keystone Normal School Franklin graduated in 1890, and Charles was a member of the class oi 1 896. Dur-

number

ing a

was

He

ter.

of spring sessions Franklin

assistant instructor in his is

now

teaching

alma ma-

in Philadelphia.

He is married to Laura Beam and their union has been blessed with one son, Richard (6). Charles (5) is still single. Sarah Huyett (4), the

oi the chil-

last

dren of John and Elizabeth Huyett (3), was married to Daniel Zacharias. and is the mother oi a very large family, c sisting of several sons and eight daughCharles (5), Wellington (5), anters other son, who died at the age of about *

—

year,

Mary (5). Emma 5 Amanda (5V Carolina

(5). Clara (5), Katie (5) and Rebecca (5). Charles Zacharias 15) is married to Eva Pel packer and father of one daughter. Y Mary (6), wife of Rev. William Runic. (6) is the mother of one son. Charles Z. (5),

Wellington Zacharias (5) is marHornberger; their only child is a daughter. Gertrude (6). Mary 7: arias (5! is married to Daniel Kline; (7).

ried to Ella

o\. Calvin deceased, and several names we do not know. EmZacharias ( 5) was married twice. Her

dieir children are Zacharias

(6), Mary sons whose

ma

(6).

I

1

1

THE PEXXSYLVAXIA-GI£RMAX

62

husband was Adam Wenrich and by him she was the mother of twu children, Ida (6) and Her second husband was Richard Hassler and their

first

.

family consisted of three children (6), who nie (6),

— Earl

Annie Fox; Anand Maggie (6), married to a Air. Gaul. The husband of Elizabeth Zacharias (5) is a Mr. Houck and they have no children. Amanda Zacharias's (5) husband was Reuben is

married

still

to

single,

Shalter; their only child is a daughter, Carrie (6), who is married to John Spayd and is the mother of one daughter, Mary (7). Caroline Zacharias (5) is married to Albert Zwanger, and their union has been blest with three children

—

a son who lives in Friedensburg, Berks county; Nora, a teacher in the public schools of Berks, and another son, who is deceased. Clara Zacharias 5 ) is married to Adam Ruth, and their children are Adam (6) and Xora (6). Katie Zacharias (5) is married to Michael Kintzer, and their family consists of three sons. The husband of Rebecca Zacharias (5)

—

four children Amelia (6), Mary (6j, George»(6), deceased, and another son, also deceased.

The youngest daughter of John and Sophia Mary Hartman (2) was Sophia. She was married to George Hinterleiter, and their union was blessed with one

who

daughter,

New

died in infancy.

Facts about John Hartman, Pioneer

Since

writing

which appeared

number

the

in the

previous

article,

November (iyj6)

of this magazine, the writer has some data concerning John

discovered

Hartman (1) which cause him to r. certain statements made in that ar; It was stated there that "John Hartman (1), according to the rec rds, came to America about the year 1767." This must be incorrect, as Michael Hartman (3), son of Michael Hartman (2), who him-

(

is

William Krick

;

their children are Ir-

vin (6) and Sallie (6).

self was born in America, was born September 29, 1777, thus giving Michael Hartman (2) the ridiculous age of

years when his son, Michael, was born. This fact caused the writer to investigate the record of immigrants who lande the port of Philadelphia between 1727 and 1776 in Prof. I. D. Rupp's "Thirty I

Descendants of Mary and Sophia Hartman (3)

Thousand Names."

The second daughter of John and Sophia Mary Hartman (2) was Mary (3),

appear On September 25th, 1754. landed the ship Adven: Joseph Jackson, captain, from Hamburg, last from Plymouth, with emigrants Franconia. There were 245 passeng of whom about seventy are named, hann Hartmaun being first on the list second entry in the record is as follows October 14, 175 1 landed at Philadelphia the ship Queen oi Denmark. George Parfrom Rotterdam, ish, commander, from Cowes. with 2^2 passengers. About ninety-four passengers are named and among these is Johann Michel Hart-

who married

Daniel Maurer, of Muhlentownship, Berks county. Their family consisted of two children, a son and a daughter, Daniel (4) and Catharine (4). Catharine (4) was a maiden lady and lived to a ripe old age. She was well-to-do and during her life-time was favorably known for her benevolence. It seemed to be the joy of her life fo make improvements to her church, Hinnerschitz church in Muhlenberg township, where her remains now rest. Through her generosity a tower was erected there and a bell donated several years ago. Daniel Maurer (4) was married to Deborah Rothermel, and their union was blessed with two children, Mary (5) and Katie (5). Mary Maurer (5) is the wife of Chares Dunkle, of Temple, and mother of three daughters Deborah (6), Mamie (6), deceased, and Katie (6), Katie Maurer (5) was married to Harry Leinbach, and their family consisted of

berg

—

following

In this record the

facts

:

:

:

.

maun. pioneer

The evidence that this was the Hartman from whom our family

descended

is

very strong.

As was stated John Hartman (

in

1)

the previous is

buried on the

of Trinity Lutheran church, Rea Pa. In order to verify certain other

the writer

recently called on Rev. the present past

Edward Horn,

Lutheran church, who I Trinity courteously looked up the church -rec and forwarded the following letter:

-

ng,

— THE HARTMAN FAMILY Michael Hartman (2) and Family

Michael Hartman (2), second son of the immigrant John, took up his father's occupation and engaged in milling a short distance above Molino, Schuylkill county, Pa., at Hartman's mill. Familytradition has it that he migrated to Schuylkill county from Berks, that he

was

a

man

of

medium

stature

and

slen-

der build, with very black hair, for v. 1 reason he and his family used to be

known

as

die

Harttnauner

sc/izcarca

—

"the black Hartmans." Old residents of this community remember that he was spoken of as a splendid miller, whose reputation still lives among the inhabitants of the neighborhood. He used to pride himself on his skill and the quality of the flour he manufactured his familiar way of hailing his neighbors and customers was "Well, how was that last batch of tlour I made for you?" There was a farm joined to the mill and this entire property was later exchanged for a farming property at Fishing Creek. Columbia county. Pa. The mill still stood possibly seventy years ag but even then Michael Hartman was a ;

:

J^-.-.«»to^.i

TRINITY

LUTHERAN CHURCH, READING, Reading, Pa., Dec.

VA.

26, 1906.

Johannes Hartmann died Oct. 18, 1786, and was buried Oct. 20. lie was born in the region of Erbach (in Germany). He was a miller. I can not make out whether he was 55 years, 2 months, 10 days old, or whether the record says he was 55 years old, less 2 months, 10 days. At some time in his life he was bitten by a mad dog, and this was ultimately the cause of his death, though not long before his death he sustained a Stcinschlag, whatever

No

that may be. other in the period 1785-179T-.

Hartmann was buried

T. Horn.

John Hartmann was 55 years old at of his death, he was born in If John Michael was the pioneer, 1731. he was twenty years old at the time of his arrival in America and there would be twenty-six years difference between his landing and the birth of Michael (3) in If the other John Hartmann was 1777. the pioneer, he would have been twentyIf

the time

three years old at the time of landing, and the difference between the time of

landing and the date of the birth of Michael (3) would be twenty-three years. As Michael (2) was the second child of

John Hartmann and the latter was 1 ) married twice and had no children by his first marriage, the interval of twenty-six years seems the more reasonable one. (

man

He

well advanced in the seventies.

was married to a Miss Manbeck or Manebeck. who was originally from Reading. Pa., where most oi her relatives still live, one of them being a silversmith and quite well-to-do. Michael Hartman (2)

Sincerely yours,

Edward

.

is

buried at the

Old Red Church near Orwigsburg, Pa. His family consisted of at least seven children, five sons and two daughters Michael (3). Isaac (3). John (3 George (3), Daniel (3), Mary {V Of their fair, (3) and Susan (3). .

that of Michael

the

largest

and

Hartman its

(3) is by far history most easily

available.

Michael

Hartman

(3)

and Descendants

The

history of this family is aim complete as the family is large.

The

following data have been obtained fi the very full records (in German script) oi an old family-Bible which is still kept in a very fair state oi prescrvati old Michael Hartman homestead in Port Clinton, Pa., dv.d through the kind C operation of representatives of the vari-

ous branches of the family.

:

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

164

Michael Hartman (3) was born September 29, 1777, and died January 13, 1840, at the age of 62 years, 3 months and 15 days. He died at Fishing Creek, Columbia county, Pa. Even the funeral text is recorded in the old family-Bible as having been taken from 2 Kings xx, 1. His wife was Christina Xoecker, and they were the parents of ten children, each of whom in turn raised a large famTheir children were Michael (4), ily.

Jacob (4), John (4), Henry (4), George (4), Catharine (4), Elizabeth (4), Rebecca (4), Mary (4) and Phoebe (4). In the family-records this last daughter is called Christina. Michael Hartman (3) was married a second time to Rachel by whom he was the father of a son and half-brother to the above, Frank ,

(4),

who

is

still

living in

Eastern,

Pa.

another brother and sister, who had moved to Illinois, has been secured through the courtesy of Frank Hartman (5), 2034 W. Boston avenue, Philadelphia, who is a son of the writer of the letter Port Clinton, Pa., Sept. 15, 1850. Sister & Brother, I have to inform you a painful distress and Micl. nan. loss of life in our relations. our brother, and his whole family, wa ed on the 2nd inst.. wife and seven chil [1 all, and William Breish and Mary, his wife, and two children alf went the same way on had a very heavy rain and Sunday night. the Schuylkill got so high that it is r. known bving so high and the two families in the mill together and the mill and e thing went away, all the houses on the bank and nearly one-half oi the brick hou-e where Schall lived. The water broke round by the forge and they could not get out. There was 14 in the mill and 13 drowned. out Charley Breish. William's broth r, nearly at Port Clinton. Out of the 13. 11 are only found yet. Michael's oldest daughter and Mary Eliza the 3rd up is not found yet :

Dear

We

•

I

I

Michael Hartman (3) took up the occupation of. his father, and for a time previous to his migration to Columbia county was engaged in the milling business at Schuylkill Forge mill, near Molino, Schuylkill county.

Michael Hartman (4) kept up the

tra-

family occupation at this same mill and it was here that he died by drowning in the waters of the Schuylkill, in what is generally known to this day by old residents as the '''flood of 1850." Michael Hartman (4) was born April 30. 1809, and the date of his death was September 29, 1850, making his age 41 years. 4 months and 2 days. He was married to Margaret Elliot, who perished with him in the flood of 1850 together with their family of seven children John (5), Mary (5), and five smaller ones whose names are unknown to the writer. In this same flood was drowned a sister of Michael (4), Mary (4), with her husditional

—

band and two children. Mary Hartman (4) was married to William Breish and the names of their children were Anna. Rebecca and Emeline. These two families together with Charles Breish, a brother of William, had taken refuge in the mill at Schuylkill For^e. which was washed away. Charles Breish. who was a man of powerful physique, succeeded in saving himself near Port Clinton. The

following letter relative to this tragedy written by George Hartman (4). a brother to John and Phoebe Hartman (4).

was found about 3 miles below her youngest child was about

Haml 5

mile-

1

months old. They are all bui in Port Clinton where Jacob lay-. On first 4th we buried 6 and so we been busy every day till we had the eleven buried in P rt 10 houses went away and the four ton. and stables, the house where William prev They lived went away and all the furniture. All all had enough to do to save themselves.

Hamburg.

10

r

the bridges in the neighborhood, el. There is no lives lost here are gone away. but 10 miles further up was 12 Hi s\ st, ftbott 40 in Tamaqua. Leesport below 9 and so on. Michael Hartman everything went except

cow and hogs; nothing found yet. Wi Breish's bureau was gone but the r Mary lived things was in the house yet. -

in

the old office near the mill and the back part I: broke out and the bureau went out. only staid in their house that night they m got* saved but they thought themthe mill. The mill is all away that you don't see a single stone left. about Port QintOn are ail well and we may find you all the hope that these t\ a s same way. I got two children, the oldest name is Morgan and the youngest is to months old

We

name is Michael and I am very gave him that name now. I MI rewould send me an answer as soon is ceive this so as we hear how you ar< would have written you s I on. did everything was so upside down and

that

his I

)

not get a mail here for (N oi your Brother

l

:

I

ttk

>

G FORCE H ART MAN. This letter was addressed to Mr. Elisha Lemon, Canton F\ O.. Fulton com Illinois.

THE HARTMAN FAMILY Jacob Hartman (4) was born Septem12, 1848. 1, and died March

ber 4, 181

He was

the first

man

to be buried in the

Port Clinton cemetery and mention of made, on his tombstone. He was married to Mary Miller and they were the parents of six children, five sons and one daughter George (5), John

this fact is

—

Henry

(5), William (5), James P. The ailment from (5) and Sarah (5). which Jacob Hartman (4) died was consumption four of his children, George, Henry, William and Sarah, died from this same disease at an early age, before they were married. Of the four William seems- to have attained to the greatest age, as it is recalled that he was at one time a shoemaker_and later a railroad engineer. The occupation of none of the others is remembered. (5),

;

The following Michael Hartman

written by (4) to his brother and sister, John and Phoebe (4), and relates to the death of their brother Jacob (4). This letter has also been obtained through the courtesy of Mr. Frank Hartman, of Philadelphia. is

a

letter

Port Clinton, Pa., Mar.

20, 1848.

I send yon these mournful news that our brother, Jacob, is no more. He departed this life on the 12th day of March at 10 minutes past 10 o'clock, evening. His complaint was consumption from which he lingered for five months and for the last three weeks he was bed-fast, but the comfort is he was fully resigned to go. He had made his peace with God which he said to me as I had him by the hand a few minutes before he died that he was willing and ready for says he, ''I wish to die. I cannot help myself" I asked him if his confidence in the Lord was not as strong as it were before. "O, yes," he says. He says, I feel content. "I feel that I am going to rest. I have commenced to serve God before was 1 laid on this bed of affliction for if I had not done it would be too late." and exhorted all to commence this before they loose their health when their minds would be disturbed by pain and sorrow. I have been with him frequently especially the last few weeks. I would sneak to him concerning his salvation and you may rest satisfied that he is gone home to heaven where you may meet him if you turn to the Lord with all your heart as he did. He said to me in the afternoon before he diet!. *'l know I will die and do not know what moment and do not wish to live, but if I could get well again I would not let my Saviour depart from me, for I feel so much happier as ever 1 did before. Religion is so comfortable that T could not think of parting with it any more'"

I

ifr

was looking for a We would like

time.

letter from you this long to hear how you are and

how you

like the country you are in. Mary Breish received a young daughter on the 6th of this month and are doing well. Llizabeth Weise received a young son about six weeks since and she is well except the young son,

have heard this morning that it h We have had a great many deaths in Port Clinton these few months especially young children. I believe about 8 children have died of breast fever and now they have the small pox, though very slightly except one case which was not vaccinated. Henry Hanman married on the 12th day of March to S Bankes. Her parents live a few miles up the railroad. We have not heard anything from John this long time. I have sent the 4th letter up on Monday and I have received no answer from either of them. We send our best respects to you and family and don't forget to send an answer. .

Yours

until death,

Michael Hartma.n.

John Hartman (5), son of Jacob (4} and Mary Hartman, was married to Sophia Dorman, and was the father of one son, William (6), who is an engineer on the Rea'ding railroad and resides at Mount Carbon. Pa. William (6) is married to a Miss Moore and is the father of one child. John Hartman (5) is deceased, but his wife. Sophia, is still living at Apollo, near Kittanning, Armstrong county. Years ago she moved to that section of the State, leaving her William (6), in the care of Jacob Hartman (5), the son of Henry (4) see be1

1

whom

he was raised. James P. Hartman (5), son oi Jacob (4). was married to Anna High and used At the time oi to reside at Turbotville. his death he was employed as stationagent by the Jersey Central Company, at Catasauqua. His family consists of seven children, five sons and two daughters William (6), W. low), by

I

—

(6), (6),

Edward (6), George (6), Oi Mary (6) and Pmma (6). Wil-

(6) is married to Augusta Malone and is father of two children. Clara He is employe and Andrian (7),

liam

station agent by the Jersey Central Rail-

road Company, at Tremley, Xew Jersey. Walter (6) is married to Minerva RaHe is pelye and has no children. graph operator for the Long Island Ra Edward's (6) wnii road Company. Mary C. Rapp, and he resides in A town. Pa. He is father of one daug -

—

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN*

i66

Dorothy Pauline (7). George (6) is still and lives ' at Billings, Mont. Charles (6) is single and is a stenographer in Reading, being employed by the division superintendent of the Reading Mary (Mamie) (6) was marrailroad. ried to Morris F. Becker, of Allentown, deceased. She is the mother of two chilMr. dren, Frank (7) and Edna (7). Becker was assistant postmaster at Alsingle

lentown, Pa., at the time of his death, but died in St. Louis while on his way Emma to Montana in quest of health. (6)

was married

recently to

W.

\V. Hart-

man, and resides in Allentown. They have ho children. John Hartman (4), son of Michael (3), was born December 18, 18 15. John and Phoebe (4) (see below) both left Columbia county, Pa., about 1846, and went to Illinois by overland stage. Phoebe and her husband went first, and John followed about four years later. At the time of John's departure to Illinois, James, his oldest son, was six or seven

The

years of age.

rest of the children

West. He was married to Mary Lockard and their family

were

all

born

in the

consisted of James (5), Frank (5), Harriet (5) and two other children who died in infancy. James (5) and Frank (5) are both still single, but well advanced in years, James being about 65 years old at this writing. Frank for a number of years has held the position of postmaster at

Hamlet,

111.

Harriet (5)

is

married

Samuel Vickers, and has seven children Frank (6), George (6). Belle (6), Carrie (6), Grace (6), Amy (6) and to

—

Mary

(6).

Of

these

George,

Grace,

Amy

and Mary are still single. Frank (6) is married to Rhoda Cunningham, Reaan changes. But we must not let these Bculties deter us from pursuing ou: vestigation, for not only do the personal names retleet the spirit of the langu quite as much as do other German words, but. being peculiarly personal in their ings of

:

•old

:

character, they

reflect

the

spirit

the

of

people to a far greater extent than 'other monuments with which -the phi". gist has to deal.

.

I

In the present paper we shall into three broad, general

German names

Old German names (most (b) foreign names (in (c) appellations of vari

to make the solution of the problem before us more difficult, none of them has

classes; (a)

placed before us any difficulties which a competent linguist can not surmount.

Christian) kinds which later were used as

heathen); :

SU1

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

A

173

Historical Sketch of Schaefferstown BY

A.

BRENDLE, ESQ., SCHAEFFERSTOWN,

S.

PA.

(Concluded.)

M

Notable Citizens

not

engaged

in

Schaeffirst,

the first, of those mercantile business

if

who in

James Huston, Abraham Rex, John Krall and George F. Miller were in the business from the begintown.

the

ning to the middle of the nineteenth centhey were followed by Cyrus M. tury Krall and John M. Krall, Joseph S. Lauser and George T. Lauser, Win, M. Weigley, Rex Weigley and W. B. Weig;

ley,

at the three several stands.

George

T. Lauser and Umberger & Hartman are the present merchants of Schaefferstown.

—

Educators. Foremost among the prominent educators of the town stands Mrs. Emily Pelton Miller. Mrs. Miller was a native of Connecticut she was engaged to come here and take charge of a private school which a number of the leading families of the town were supporting. She was a success from the very start and subsequently was chosen by the trustees as principal of the local academy, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Prof. Missimer. That ;

position she filled with distinguished ability until the academy was closed. Then she established a private school on Prospect Hill, which she conducted with the same success for nearly ten years, until failing faculties compelled her to

retire

from the work for which she was so signally fitted. She was a born instructor and a martinet in discipline. Her son, Dr. T. V. Miller, was the first principal of the local high school, and also enjoys the reputation of a most successful educator. Physicians. Many have ministered

—

to the needs of the sick in this ity.

The

first

physician

Numerous descendant-

about 1790.

—

erchants. Alexander fer was among the

of

commun-

whom we

have any record was Casper Schweitzer, M.D., who came to this country from Germany in 1735 and settled here. lie was among those who took the oath oi allegiance to the United States in 1777 before Henry SchaelTer, Esq., and died

Michael Tryorder he was the physician who dressed the injuries of Francis Sheetz, a youth who was fatally wounded by two murderers in 1798. his are

still

resident here.

on was the next

in

;

Jacob Grobb and Christian Bucher were next physicians they were followed by Jonathan Zerbe, Alfred Y. Bucher and I. Reiiy Bucher, and thes turn by the present corps, T. T. Zerbe, There J. W. Keath and B. Frank Zerbe. have been many others, but their stay was comparatively brief.

the

Clergymen. only natives.

;

— Here The

we

shall

consider

is quite long, and many of them have won distinction as successful pastors and as pulpi:Revs. John H. Lowery and orators. Moses Dissinger were entirely self-made, but they did good work in their respec-

tive fields of labor.

list

of these

The

latter

had

reputation of being a regular "son oi thunder," his original method of presenting the truth as he conceived it beiiu it times literally startling, if not always convincing, to his hearers. When he began to exhort, his- education was so lim-

he needed coaching even in his Bible-reading; but he was an orig thinker and could think to s >nfc pur] as the lasting impressions for good which he left upon his congregations ssive. if no: Rev. Lowery was les less enthusiastic, than Rev. Dissinger. ited that

Revs. Edmund R. Zimmerman and John VV. Steinmetz. P.O.. represent the educated ministry, both of them k graduates of Franklin and Marshall ColThe former was identified with the lege. Methodist church, the latter with the ReBoth of them did good formed. faithful work, laboring as long as they had health and strength, and the luster of their names reflects glory upon the old town in which they were born.

Henry Dissinger and John G. Diss gengaged in the work of the g -

er also

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

174

pel-ministry, and have doubtless many souls for their hire.

won

—

Legislators. Dr. Jonathan Zerbe, Cyrus E. Hoffman and Dr. T. T. Zerbe represented Lebanon county at various times in the State House of Representatives; and all three distinguished themselves as men of ability and zeal. The first-named came here as a youth to study

medicine and made his permanent home here the other two were natives of the town. The first two were literally self;

made men, who won

way

honor and distinction by assiduous study and their

application.

Soldiers and Heroes.

to

— Although

people were of almost pure

the

German and

Swiss extraction, the community was not slow to espouse the cause of the Puritans and the Quakers in their troubles with the mother country at the outbreak of In 1775 many the Revolutionary War. of the names of town-residents appear in lists of local associators for common defense; and in 1776 a whole company of soldiers, commanded by Captain Henry SchaefYer, a son of the founder of the town, marched to the front and did good service for the cause of national independence. Unfortunately the roll of the

the

company names of

and for that reason the who thus honored themselves and their town cannot be furis

lost,

the patriots

nished for publication. Indeed, so far as the community as a whole is concerned, the honor is possibly the same any!. as the men were all from this place. St sequently many individuals from the town and neighborhood' enlisted in various commands, but no distinct orga: tion was formed here. Among the rifle-

men, probably Morgan's, was John Beamesderfer, who served five years. Others from the neighborhood who are vouched for were Lewis Miller, who was the battle of Long Island, 1776. and suffered the horrors of captivity on a prison-ship also

captured

August

in

2~.

;

John Krum, Frederic Heberling and George Dissinger. For about two years the Luth:church was used, under the orders oi the director general of hospitals of the Continental

army, as a hospital for the ac-

commodation of damage was done

sick to the

soldiers.

Some

property in con-

nection with such use. for which the church-wardens. Adam Oberly, Christopher Savior. Henry Pfeffer and Jacob XefT, by petition dated May 25, 1770. ad-

Vs.

-

.„«**._*— -

TnE LUTHERAN PARSONAGE AT

SC

1

a»- ,m n mim

HAEFFERSTOWN,

PA,

A HISTORICAL SKETCH OF SCHAEFFERSTOWN Congress, asked compensacan not say, however, whether the prayer of the petitioners was granted

dressed tion.

The Cornet Band

to

We

or not. In 1814 many local militiamen were among those who marched to the relief of the national capital and Baltimore, at the time of the British invasion.

At the beginning of the Civil War the town was ablaze with patriotism, and the flower of the local youth enlisted during the summer and fall of 1861, Company

175

The Schaefferstown Cornet Band was organized in 1869 and duly incorporated under the laws of the State in 1870. Prof. M. Rocholl was its first instructor, and the charter members were these Dr. T. T. Zerbe, leader'; and cornetist Jacol 5. Weiss, John S. Brendle and George Dodendorf, cornetists; E. S. Dissinger and Jacob F. Hickernell, Li-Hat cornetists; T. Jefferson Hoffman and Alfred Mays, altoists J. Aaron Brecht and Solomon :

;

;

F, Ninety-third regiment, P. V., being largely made up of local men. Others enlisted in various other commands and in 1862 another large quota of young ;

joined Company K, 1420* P. V. The last considerable body left for the front in February, 1864, as recruits for the 93d regiment. Many of these young patriots died the death of heroes on the field of battle, two of them. Henry Smith and Monroe H. Stohler, being killed in the battle of the Wilderness and their remains never identified. The old town holds the memory of all

Mover, tenors

;

tonist; Peter B.

bassoists L.

Abraham Tshudy, bariMock and John Bender,

George T. Lauser and Cyrus snare-drummers; H bass-drummer Cyrus C. Al-

;

Hickernell,

men from here

Lauser,

regiment,

bright, cymbalist.

who

fell in sacred remembrance. William Siegrist and George Strickler, Jr., served in the Spanish and Philip-

pine wars, both of them being sons of veterans of the Civil War. Corporal L. A. Hetrich served with the U. S. marines in the Chinese troubles at Taku and Tientsin.

;

As

a musical organi-

the band has won an enviable name, and reflected luster on the town

zation

As leaders and directors Dodendorf. T. A. Brecht. Dr. T. V. Miller, John C. Miller. Samuel S. Mock, M. Dissinger and J. Krieger, Thomas H. Cyrus J. Hickernell have successively wielded the baton as successors to Dr. itself.

Prof. C. J. Hickernell, the presZerbe. ent leader of the band, is not only a fine cornetist, but also a composer oi band and piano music oi high excellence, flis "Sigsby March." "United States Forever'' and "The Jolly Village B justly entitle

him

to the high

rank ac-

corded him as a musician.

Brownstone Mansion Secret

Wm. M.

Weigley, son-in-law of Abraham Rex, merchant, flour-manufacturer, friend of education and public benefactor, left an enduring monument to his name in the handsome, massive and substantial brownstone mansion which he erected for his own home shortly before his death. It is located on Main street, south side, between Market street and Lancaster avenue, and stands as a splendid ornament to the town, as well as a fitting

memorial to

its

first

owner.

The

construction was quarried on Mr. Weigley's own land, four miles south of town, on which there are immense deposits of excellent buildingstone of that kind. The present owner is W, W. Weigley, Esq., a son oi the builder, who is a prominent lawyer of Philastone used in

delphia.

its

Orders

Washington Camp, No. 256, P. O. >. was instituted in Pepper's Hall.

of A.,

October

10.

S.

1S70.

with

the

folio-.

members Cyrus IT. Murdock, W. Murdock. George T, Lauser. \". L.

charter

:

Miller. L. Gt Landis George W. Weik, Allen S, Miller. Cvrus R. Hetrich, Jeremiah Kohl, Reuben Bobb, John H. Miller, Frank Smith. B. Frank Zerbe. M.D.. Davi S Smith. Harvey M. Ream. John K. Strickthe Six ler and Samuel S. I'rich.

Kalbach.

Strickler,

I

charter members are still in g ing in the camp; four athe rest have been from time to time.

dropped from the

The

pre>.

and roll

Ser-

amp camp is 13S. an owns property to the value of $6,000. The stated meetings of the camp are held ship of the

;

J

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

76

•

f* -

fit

--' j

I

>§mt\

t*

:

'

#-^

I

-UA^fc...

.

._..

GRAVES OF CAPTAIN HENRY, ALEXANDER AND ANNA ENGEL SCHAEFFER

Wednesday House Hall.

on

evening,

in

Franklin

On the evening of the ninth of May, 1905, Heidelberg Castle, No. 43, K. G. E.,

was

instituted

Franklin

in

House

Hall, with the following officers: Past chief, Thomas J. Strickler noble chief, ;

Alvin Binner vice-chief, Irwin Horst high priest, Wm. H. Iba; master of records, Moses A. Fetter clerk of exchequer, A. S. Brendle keeper of ex;

;

;

chequer, Samuel G. Lausch venerable hermit, Joseph H. Matthews. There were thirty-three charter members, and the present membership of the castle is 80. The weekly meetings are held on ;

Thursday evening

in

Franklin

House

Bener, Iba and United Brethren's

town

to

John WolferspergeT and John

Lauser. in trust for the use oi the Re-

formed and Lutheran a

Cemeteries and Epitaphs

On

overlooking the main from the northeast, and abutting on North Front street, is found

a hill-top part of the town

the local necropolis, the final restingplace of probably five thousand mortals

who have gone

Eight Front street the Lutheran. the Reformed, Bucher's addition and Steinmetz's addition and three the distinct

—

to their reward.

cemeteries, five the Evangelical,

—

east

of

—

ns.

1

spectively, as a burial-ground.

Samuel Rex.

Hall.

— west

of said street, are all grouped together, those on the east side of the street being all enclosed by one common fence, those west each in its own separate enclosure. The fine condition in which they are kept reflects no little credit on the community charged with their care. The general cemetery, Reformed and Lutheran, which forms the nucleus* of the whole, had its historical origin in 1763. in which year Alexander SchaetYer and wife d ed Lot No. 2J5 in the general plan of the

re-

In [8351

a public-spirited citizen

the town, in his last will and testament gave and devised one acre of land ftdj Ing the old cemetery to the two congregations in common, and shortly th< after an amicable partition of the whole plot

was

effected between the Reformed taking the northernhalf. A stone wall was built a'

tions. the

most

the whole front, and each cone had its own gate of entrance. The Fvangelical cemetery is located between the Lutheran and North alley Bucher's ad1

:

:

A HISTORICAL SKETCH OF SCHAEFFERSTOWN of the Lutheran Steinmetz's addition Reformed and Bucher's. east

dition

formed the

;

and

Re-

north

An

of old

frame tool-house, owned by the two congregations in common, stood many years on the boundary-line between the two cemeteries, but fell a prey to fire of accidental origin about fifteen years ago. It is impossible to determine when the first burial was made in the old cemetery. The probability is that the dead Of the neighborhood were interred in the lot deeded to the churches aforesaid many years before that deed was executed. The oldest graves were simply marked with nameless headstones, bearing no dates or any device to fix the time. Alexander Schaeffer's first wife, who died in 1772,

was among the

first to

have a headstone

1/7

Jan. 13 tag; alt worden 12 Jahr, 11 mond u. 8 tag. Hier in dieser Gruft der Ruhe ruhet. unter diesem Stein durch Christi R'ut von Siinden rein, SCHEFERIN; gestorben und ruhet hierin den 22ten November, 1772; ihres Alters G4 geboren 1708. Hier ruht Susanna Cappin, geboren X gust, gestorben XXI December, 1772. Rueh sanft in dieser Gruft bis dir Jesus wieder ruft Hier ruht Catharina Heissin. Ist geboren den 25ten Juni, 1772; ist gestorben den I4ten

ANNA ENGEL ;

.

November,

1774.

Hier ruht Adam YVolfersperger ist geboren den 20ten Hornung, 1772; ist gestorben ;

:

November,

:

1775.

:-*. Hier ruht Margreda Wolferspergerin geboren in Jahr [697, den 21 September gestorben den 1 Christmond, 1775. Machtelena Seillin. Wart geboren den ioten Nofembcr, 1775; starb selig im Herrn den 6:en Mertz, 1777. Ruhe sanft in dieser Gruft bn dir Iesus wieder ruft. :

placed at her grave with an inscription cut thereon. The following are the seven earliest inscriptions found on the old cemetery, all with a single exception carved on brown sandstone. The writer prefers to give them untranslated:

The remains of Alexander Schaeffer repose side by side near those of his first wife, and the inscription on the tall marble headstone which marks his grave is as follows

Hier ruhet unser liebe Tochter, Maria Elisabeth Aerpf (Erb), Philip Aerpf u. Susanna Magdalehna eheliche Tochter; ist geboren anno 1756, Febru. 7 tag; gestorben anno 1769.

DER SCHAEFFER.

Prof.

Adam

H.

Hier ruht im Herrn der Leib des ALEXAN; Ist geboren den January. 1712. Ist gestorben den ioten A Alt worden 74 Jahr, 3 Monath & Z 1786. Tage.

Fetterolf, Ph.D.,

LL.D.,

President of Girard College BY REV.

A.

J.

FRETZ, MILTON, X.

ON THE

good ship Thistle arrived August 20, 1730, Peter Fetterolf, who was born in Wachbach, Holland, March 20, 1699, and was married to Anna Maria Rothermel in 1729. They were the great-greatgrandparents of Dr. Adam H. Fetterolf. Dr. Fetterolf was born at Perkiomen, at Philadelphia,

Montgomery county,

He

Pa.,

November

24.

the second son of Gideon and Elizabeth (Hunsicker) Fetterolf. and is descended from a long line of Swiss and Dutch ancestors. His greatgrandfather on the maternal side. Valentine Hunsicker, emigrated from Switzerland to America in 17 17. Hunsicker 's 184.1.

is

Henry, and grandson, John, were both bishops of the Mennonite Church, and noted for their intelligence and son,

J.

Dr. Fetterolf is also descended on the maternal side from the pios Christian Meyer, of Lower Sal ford, and from the eminent Mennonite bishop. Henry Funck, pioneer, oi the Indian

piety.

Creek.

The

early years of Dr. Fetterolfs life

were spent upon his father's farm, and there was nothing either in the circumstances of his birth or his surround to indicate that he was destined f markable work. From his father he inherited those elements of a vigorous but

modest character which he has manifested throughout his career. He began attending school about the time when Pennsylvania adopted a free educational system, When he was fourteen age. his

father

removed

to

Collegeville,

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

178

rw_^„,..

-.„r^r,_..

r_

,

_,_ _,

im W W T ... ,

_.

.

.,.

I

tBAhtYWi^irt^Wt

li^MJlJWthlUlfctJMt

TROF.

ADAM

II.

....

FETTEROLF,

where he had the advantages of a good schooling at Freeland Seminary. By alternately teaching and studying he made himself master of mathematics, Latin and Greek, and at the age of twenty was appointed professor of mathematics in Freeland, a position which he filled with great credit. He was a progressive teacher, keeping himself posted in all the latest methods, and creating a marvelous spirit of enthusiasm* and interest among his pupils. He subsequently became principal of the seminary and conducted successfully for five years, until the buildings and grounds were purchased for Ursinus College. Later, on leaving Collegeville, Doctor Fetterolf associated himself with Reverend Dr. Wells in the ownership and management of Andalusia College, in Bucks county. Pa. After the death of Dr. Wells, in 1871, he assumed full charge, and continued at the head of the institution until 1SS0, when he was elected by the board of city trusts of Philadelphia to fill the chair of vicepresident of Girard College. Two years later, upon the death of President William H. Allen, Dr. Fetterolf was chosen to succeed him, and has held the position of president ever since, discharging his manifold duties with the utmost confiit

PH.D., LL.D.

dence of the board and the

full

approba-

tion of the public.

The college of which Dr. Fetterolf is president, as is well known, was founded by Stephen Girard.

who had amassed an

merchant and banker in Philadelphia, where he arrived from France, to begin life in a humble way. At his death. Mr. Girard bequeathed two million dollars and the residue of his estate, after paying certain legacies, for the erection and support oi a college for orphans, into which are admitted as many poor white male orphans between the ages oi six and ten >

immense fortune

as a shipping

I

who

are residents of Pennsylvania, as the endowment can support.

The degrees of A.M. and Ph.D. were conferred upon Dr. Fetterolf by Lafayette College, and the Delaware College.

title

of

LL.D. by

Doctor Fetterolf has been twice mar^'.Uer His first wife was Ann! of George Hergesheimer, of town. In 1883 n0 married Laura M.. daughter of William D. Mangam. a prominent Xew York merchant. He two sons, Dr. George and Edwin H. Fetterolf, both graduates of the Uniried.

I

versitv of Pennsylvania.

.'

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

»7y

Myles Loring: A

Tale of the Tulpehocken BY REV. ALDEN W. QUI M BY.

Chapter V. Beneath the Buttonwoods

may

ITrelieve

be desirable, at

stage, to

this

the reader's curiosity about the antecedents of the principal character of our story. His name, together with a few others that it will be necessary for us to consider, is not indigenous to the soil of Berks county. Whence, then, did he spring? Our attention has already been slightly drawn to an ancient domicile of logs, standing at the corner of Franklin street and the Rehrersburg road, as the building in which Baron Stiegel established the first school in Womelsdorf. It is a very simple structure of one story and an attic, with a window on each side of the low front door, and two windows below and one above looking out upon the Rehrersburg road. few lingering traces of red paint testify to an attempt at adornment in a previous age and the rough flagstone pavement, an extension of which forms a bridge over a culvert, offers no contradiction to the period indicated. tall buttonwood uprears itself close to the curb, and a garden of moderate dimensions is situated at the rear of' the house. veteran of the Civil War occupied the premises to the hour of his death, his faded blue uniform and crutches mutely but impressively bearingwitness to his unselfish patriotism. Just opposite the old Stiegel schoolhouse, on Franklin street, are two frame houses showing signs of the attacks of time. Lacking totally in esthetic appearance, there is nothing about them

A

;

A

A

which would attract an artist's notice. The westernmost of the time-stained pair front enis a little taller and has two trances, one of which leads directly upstairs. Four stout buttonwoods stand at the edge of the flagstone pavement, and an alley now flanks the larger house on its western side. At the period of which

we write there was no alley, but a sideyard, in which stood a bake-oven of primitive design and a vat or other receptacle for wood-ashes, from which lye was made

Over

for soap-boiling.

the bake-

oven ran a rich green vine which bore the brilliant trumpet-flowers; in the rear a garden, that indispensable adjunct of a home in a country town. The smaller and older house had also a side-yard, which was entered by a whitewashed gate and in which, on the line of the front fence, stood a coal-house. log annex in the rear, with a great fire-place, served as a kitchen. The ulterior of neither house would be

was

A

regarded as approaching in tasteful and convenient arrangements the ideal oi the present day. The west door of the lar^r house opened into a room which occupied the entire first story, being probably intended for the educational purpose to which it was put for so many years. If men are to be estimated according to the moral influence they exert upon a community, the most conspicuous Womelsdorf figure of the nineteenth century was that oi Walter Murray, ter. Born in county Donegal of the greenest isle oi the sea. he removed. v. yet a child, to the country of heather blue-bells, and upon attaining vigorous manhood emigrated with his lit:'., After a residence of several to America. years in Chester county he settled in Womelsdorf. where he prosecuted his work, of incalculable value -

I

a teacher oi both secular religion.

The opening

knowledge and

of his

5C

with some amusing inckl, tew of his pupils und< rsl whatever, while he was equ of German. Having asked an interpreter what he should saj IB his German pupils to look at their b

attended for very English ignorant

I

I

—

!

1 THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

i8o

to

study

the alphabet, he commanded "Gook oop de book!" whereupon, he was wont to narrate in a triumph-

them as

to

ant tone, they immediately cast eyes upon the mysterious page.

their

Whatever the curriculum was and whatever the rules, the former was remarkably successful and the latter were rigorously observed. While the pupils were compelled to learn systematically the rudiments of a common education, they were also zealously instructed in morals A man of remarkable and theology. memorizing power and withal a rigid Presbyterian, most devout in his personal life, Mr. Murray seemed to have the Bible at his tongue's end. He could recite numberless passages of both the Old and the New Testament, often giving chapter and verse, and in some instances whole chapters of favorite portions. Every word of the Westminster Catechism was as familiar to him as the primer, or "green book,'' used in his daily tasks, and "sound doctrine" was constantly imparted to the boys and girls committed to his care. For three or four decades also* he was at the head of the

—

he would have disdained the term "Sunday."

"Union Sabbath-school"

Most methodical in his habits, he had even a place for the wire he used in cleaning his clay pipe that was in the where, by his wife's direction, he sat and smoked when in the house. But the typical picture of the old schoolmaster represents him as sitting in a rocking chair with a swinging arm, upon which rests the "Anti-Slavery Standard" or a copy of the Bible. It will be inferred that the man who warmly welcomed run;

fireplace,

slaves and assisted them on their journey northward was a Republican in politics. He was the first Republican voter of the borough.

away

A

strict

disciplinarian,

Mr.

Murray

used an instrument of punishment probably unknown to many of our readers. The "taws" consisted of a stout piece of twisted to form a handle, to attached several dangling "ticklers," that were laid on the backs of unruly youth with singular impartiality and conscientiousness. Yet the master leather,

which

were

was beloved by

his pupils, for he never

compliment them upon their and success, and to reward them with cakes and candy '"love letters" for honesty, truthfulness and successful work. He was an expert at both checkers and marbles, the former of which games was usuallv plaved with grown failed

to

—

fidelity

folk.

When,

after teaching three generations

enduring patience and unaba toil, he departed at the age of ninety-four, the whole community rose up and called him blessed. His eyesight, ever unassisted, remained undimmed to the last, and he probably never had been really with

ill

in all his life.

To Walter Murray and "lassie"

was born

a

Scotch

his

daughter

who

re-

ceived the name of Margaret Margaret it continued to be. for the master never employed diminutives. When this daughter, carefully trained by the best of fathers, attained the years of womanhood, she too engaged in the work of teach:: \g This was in the days when teachers boarded in the homes of their pupils, and if the reader would know how well she did her work, let him inquire oi any representatives of the families of that time. He will find that at the mention oi her name, though more than a generation has passed away, tears will stand in the eyes of gray-haired women and the voices strong men will soften as they repeat the ;

name Margaret She taught not only the usual simple branches, but also tine needlework and other accomplishments many rural homes possess '"samplers" which show her correcting touch. She had inherit* from her father a strong re' >aracter. which impressed itself upon her pupils in turn the hymns of Cow per and Montgomery were among her lav poems. When time brought her the cares oi a family, she would fold her ba! her bosom and sing some air like u( Vtonville" or "Hebron." while the inoonbe. shone in at the window and pictured to her. in the midst of her burdens and anxieties, a home where of the : moon is not needed, being supplanted by ;

.

:

that of the

From ing had

Lamb.

home in Boston M come at the age of four

his

to

rt

-

MYLES LORING: A TALE OF THE TULPEHOCKEN'

THE SELTZER HOUSE, AT WOMELSDORF,

and training of this lovHis mother, traveling for her health, had once visited the secluded Lebanon vallev and made the acquaintance of Margaret Murray, an acquaintance which speedily ripened into ceive the care

able, saintly

indissoluble

woman.

friendship.

As

it

was

evi-

dent that her life would be of brief continuance, she had obtained a promise that her only child should receive Margaret's care in the hour of his bitterest need. .,

The

love of the child for his

foster-

mother grew to be almost idolatrous, and when, five or six years later, she too walked through the valley of the shadow and faded forever from earthly view, he was inconsolable. Relatives in Boston received him, after he had spent a half year on a farm, and provided for his education, but his heart was buried in the scenes of his life at Womelsdorf. Now he had returned to revisit haunts more

words could readily exthink over the precious things of the dear dreamland of long ago. attractive than

press,

and

to

In his Sunday morning tour Myles had hungrily studied his adopted home. The three porches in front of the double house, even the very doors and windows, affected him. He remembered the schoolroom and its fireplace the master's desk ;

181

PA.

with its balls of string, confiscated tops, knives and marbles the alphabet-cards with clear-cut letters and illustrati He recalled Grandfather Murwords. ray's "tut-tut" and "och" (the "o" pronounced long), and the terrorizing "taws," which indeed lie never felt. He remembered the garret, with its litei treasures in the shape oi copies of the ;

-

i

:

"Illustrated London News," full oi picThe odor tures of the Sepoy rebellion. of that well packed quarter of th in which stood boxes of trumpery and a number of spinning-wheels, seemed to come to his nostrils even on the fresh air

There were an August morning. wasps, too, among the rafters but he had learned to move about circui while ransacking the garret for prizes or while looking out oi the little windows.

of

:

In the parlor Baxter's "Saints' Everlasting Rest" and the "Pilgrim's Progress" lay upon the table. Of the fori volume he could say little, for it had rather beyond his childish il e as the latter was a prime favoiit I

attractive in

some

respects as the "Scot-

tish Chiefs."

Mental photographs, qui.'. brought into the foregi comfortable settee, so inviting after a ing,

:

;

!

.

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

182

fishing excursion, and the pigs, one of which (that remained thin and unpromising in spite of an abundant food-supply) he had appropriated to himself. He seemed to hear the measured ticking of the old clock which stood in a corner of the schoolroom, with the round face of the moon beaming over the dial he imagined the tolling of the church-bell on the hill when Aunt Hannah Boone's body was borne to the tomb, and the solemn movement of the procession through the churchyard, in full view from the front steps. Then his thoughts

reverted to Boston, to the preparatory school, the college and the theological seminary, so very different from the things of which he had his earliest recollection. To be sure, the future also must have a place in his meditations, for it was highly important for him to determine the course of his life-efforts. But back again he came to the old home, and now it was the smaller house which filled his thoughts. On that same blue window-sill he used to lean while

at a passing wagon. Out in the sitting-room must still be the red fireboard with spirals of black paint here

gazing

and there. Up the stairs which led from the sitting-room was his bedroom, where a trunk with a red cotton cover served him as a writing-desk. On the wall used to hang a sword once wielded by a lieutenant in the Civil War.

Memory was prodigiously busy in the few minutes of his reverie. How he wished that he might again explore t'. houses which were so dear to his hear: Was it any wonder that with such a tuning of the chords his lyre gave forth heavenly music in the sermon which followed ? One more note must be made ere we turn away from these old houses. The window at the east end, opening into the yard containing the coal-house, is the very one through which Myles looked one rainy day and wished that his own little house with its tiny window might be built in the yard, and that he and Caroline Filbert might occupy it I

(To be continued.)

A PUBLISHER'S REPLY. That there are always two sides to a question is illustrated by the following self-explanatory letter.

Comment

is

not necessary.

Editor of The Pennsylvania-German In the February number of your magazine there is a communication from my friend, Irvin P. Knipe, with the heading "Historical Works too Rare and Dear."

As

I

am

the publisher quoted.

duty to make a reply and

I

I

feel

it

my

trust that in

me you will print it. Every publisher prefers large editions to small ones and I am no exception. It is a fact however, that works on local historyare wanted by but few and not "by the

justice to

thousands." A quick return on the investin order to make it is necessary profitable to publish them, even at high

ment

prices.

My limited editions are all handsome and are published at popular prices, within the reach of anybody who wants them. They are as low even as electrotyped books of the same grade of manufacture. Governor Pennypacker's "Settlement of Germantown" was publi>hed at S3. 50. Those

who know

the

book know that

it

was too

cheap as compared with other books. Jenkins's "Washington in was published at $3.50.

Mr.

Germantown" The handsome

illustrations alone were worth $5.00. Mr. Jenkins's ''Jefferson's Germantown Letters," the announcement of which hadally roused Mr. Knipe. was advertised at $3.00 and reduced to $2.50, altl Dgh 1 subscription list was nearly filled a: 5;. and the book is well worth $4.00. I enable book lovers ro get. at very prices, books that could not be in large editions except at a loss am: therefore would not be published at all. I get no share in the advanced pric which my publications sell after they are out of print. My customers get it all. The reason the books go up in price is bee of their intrinsic value, which mil all the purchasers keep them in libraries. As the fame of the b spreads, more people want few original subscribers who are \\ to part with them, naturally get a sub!

I

:

tial

profit

My

on their

-

a sentimental one and sists oi the pleasure of K to plxtJag wi;!; profit

is

;

William

J.

Campbfi Philadelp

1

!

—

;

!!

;

!

!

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

[83

Gems

Literary

WILDA DAUWA BY

REV. ELI KELLER, D.D.,

wara wilda Dauwa, Pic hot mer Frihjohrs sehna fliega In kleena Flig un in scharmanta grossa Was war sel doch en schee Vergniega

ALLENTOWN',

So Schiessa

In alta Zeita

Em

PA.

nix wert un juscht en Larr. faula Schitz noch selwer Schada is

endlich werr'n die Dauwa mied Fliega, setza sich, \vu Wass'ra rauscha. Im kihla Schatta fihla sie sich glicklich Dart rufa sie ihr "Eht!" un lauscha.

Doch

Buwa uf da Felder hi' am Pluga Hen g'schtoppt mit ihra mieda Fuhra Un aits der volla Brttscht gerufa "Dauwa! Die

Un

—

:

Ihr himmelsscheena Kreatura

Un

sin sie

Bei sich gedenkt

Wie sitza sie so schee in langa Roia, Uf hocha griena Beem un Naschtcher,

Daler, juscht fliega lossa;

"Ihr sin die Wahler!''

:

;

!"

iwer Berga hoch weg g'floga,

Noch heecher iwer diefa So hot mer sie mit Lnscht

I

Mit groa Kapcher, netta groa Reckcher. Mit rota un mit weissa Westcher

Dauwa,

Sie sin nau sauwer fart, die wi!da

Un kummen ewig nimme widder Was bleibt noch iwrig vun dem scheena !

Mer

heert wul do un dart, dass Flinta Verroschta Eisa, langscht gelada.

kracha—

Der Geischt

legt sich sei

S

Schatza nidder.

DER AUTO-WAGA BY W.

Mer

is

jo

nimme

's

Lewes

F.

K.

Er braucht ken Geeschel an ken Wip

sicher,

Un

For fahra uf der Schtross,

Wann

jagt so schnell druf los; sot wahrhaftig net Erlaabt sei uf der Schtross.

Auto-Waga em los

So eppes

die verdollta

Nau kumma

uf

Sie hen ken Geil dart varna dra\

Ken Deichsel un ken Lann Grad riwer ab un Eener druf. Wu da Lever handla kann.

Geil. die macht's so bang ur. 9chd Sie reissa aus "m G'scherr. Wann so en Ding n'entgega kummt Un so en wiescht Geplarr. Die Gans, die wissa net was 's meent Un dreha ah net aus Sie bicka sich bis 's driwer is,

Deel

—

Sie

macha em

die Geil juscht schei

Mit dem Gepuir un Schmok. Wu rauskummt unnig der Maschin Un's geh macht unna Wog. Der Dreiwer hockt dart varna druf Mit seinra ledderna Kap, Hot juscht da Lever in der Hand

Un

No kumma 's is

hinna

rails.

seef for alta Leit,

For uf der Schtross zu fahra. So wie 's als war net lang znrtck, Eb die Gaswaga wara.

dreht en uf un ab.

Er guckt

juscht grad dart varna naus em net die Zeit. Er meent 's kennt Niemand fahra so, As wie die reicha Leit.

Un

nimme

sie

biet

Deel jaga noch so wiescht druf Grad newa an em nmis. Mer meent gewiss, es kennt net Der Grissd geht em aus.

nei. sei!

AN EVENING HYMN BY JOHN* KEBLE,

Sun of my

soul.

Thou Savior dear, Thou be near.

not night if O, may no earth-born cloud arise To hide Thee from Thv servant's eyes It is

When

My Be

the soft dews of kindly sleep wearied eyelids gently steep.

my

thought, how sweet to rest Forever on my Savior's breast.

lS->

Abide with me when nicht For without Thee I dare not ;

Dtgfe die.

Watch by the sick: enrich With blessings from Thy boMndlcH Be every mourner's sleep to-nicht. •'.

>:ore;

Like infant's slumber, pure and Hg

last

Abide with me from morn till eve. For without Thee I cannot live;

Come near and bless us when we wake. Ere through the world our way we Till in the ocean lose ourselves in

We

\e.

heaven above.

— —

— ——

!

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

184

EIN ABENDLIED DEUTSCHE UEBERSETZUNG VON

PFR.

ADRIAN VON ANDEL.

Du Sonne

mciner Secle, mein Heiland Jesus Christ, Es kann nicht Xacht mir werden, wenn du nur nahe bist. Lass jede Erdenwolke vor deinem Blick entrlieh'n, Die meinen Augen konntc, mein Jesu, dich entzieh'n.

Wenn nun der sanfte Schleier Und meinen miiden Gliedern

des Schlafs sich niedersenkt

den sitssen Schlummer sclienkt, Sei dies mein letztes Sinnen: Welch' eine Himmelslust, Auf ewig einst zu ruhen an meines Jesu Brust!

An jedem

Morgen und

fri'ihen

Sei du mir stets zur Seite auf

Und

in

bis die

Xacht

sich naht,

meinem Lebenspfad;

den finstern Stunden, ach, Herr, verlass mich nicht! Armen, wenn einst mein Auge bricht.

Halt' mich in deinen

du der Arzt der Kranken, und sei der Anncn Rath Mangel mit deiner Lieb' und Gnad'. Gedenke der Betriibten, ach, lieber Heiland, du In ihrem tiefen Kummer gieb ihnen sanfte Ruh'. Sei

;

Erfiille ihren

Und wache

ich am Morgen voll Dankes wieder auf, Darin segne mich auf 8 neue zu meinem Tagcslauf, Bis dass mein Leben fliesset in's Meer der Ewigkeit, Und ich dich werde schauen in deiner Herrlichkeit.

HOW MANY?

WIE VIELE? DEUTSCHES VOLKSLIED VON WILHELM HEY.

TRANSLATION EY H.

A.

S.

Say, how many stars are glowing In the vaulted dome on high? Say. how many clouds are going .Daily through the troubled sir

Weisst du, wie viel Sternlein stehen An dem blauen Himmelszelt? Weisst du, wie viel Wolken gehen

Weit hin iiber alle Welt? Gott der Herr hat sie gezahlet, Dass inm auch nicht eines fehlet An der ganzen grossen Zahl An der ganzen grossen Zahl.

,

God Almighty knows how many, all. not missing any the mighty multitude the mighty multitude.

Counted

Of Of

•

Weisst du, wie

viel Miicklein spielen In der heissen Sonnenglut? Wie viel Fischlein auch sich kiihlen In der hellen Wasserflut? Gott der Herr rief sie mit Xamen,

Say, how many gnats are warming In the sun's lite-giving ray? Say, how many fishes swarming In the clear, cool waters play? God the Lord, each one foreseeing.

Dass sie all' ins Leben kamen, Dass sie nun so frohlich sind Dass sie nun so frohlich sind.

Spake and called them into being. Makes them all so happy now Makes them all so happy now.

Weisst du, wie viel Menschen friihe Steh'n aus ihrem Bette auf. Dass sie ohne Sorg' und Muhe Frohlich sind im Tageslauf? Gott im Himmel hat an alien

Say,

Seine Lust, sein Wohlgefallen, Kennt auch dich und hat dich Kennt auch dich und hat dich

how many people d Waken with the early

Free from care,

Each

his task

God Almighty

I

to follow gaily

from moi

igl

gives wi:::

All they need in boundless measure.

And he know and And he knows and

lieb

-

lieb.

loi

)

loves thee too.

CHARLIE GREEN'S EXPIRIENZ MIT EME SKUNK BY "MEIK FL'CHS." WFSTERN GERM AN -AMERICAN DIALECT Bischt du schun je geleft worde? Well, ich is net gut for e Mann, wenn er alkv bin. hab die Witwe letder— gi Mei Kraa is net exactly was mer Scfaor Ich hab e lange Weil bei ere alte Witwe gebord't un Hunger gelitte. un bin ihr beimbei se hot arg warme Hoor an Si so gege die sechzig Dollar schuldig bliewe. se squint't. sage mer der!' Zum Durchbrcnne hatt' ich kee Geld, zum Benix mit der Yiehzucht z\\ dtth. Die \ zahle noch weniger, un ich wusst net wo nans. is namlich juscht nan die Haaatsach be: Do fallt mir ein, dass ich emol gelese hab: "Es seit mir uf die Farm hier noch Jacks

—

—

LITERARY GEMS (Minnesota) gemtivt sin, specially die Springhinkel. Ich glaab schur, wenn die Geduld en Mensche in de Himrhel bringe kann, denn kann mer kee bessere Situaschen finne Sel is mei Opinion. wie Hinkeltende. Mer kann aach yiel Jerne do derbci. Die erst Woch hab ich schun ausgefunna, dass die Rusters, wo am mehnste krahe, die wenigste Eier lege, un so an. Neulich is mir ebbes passirt, wo mir en klier Eidie vun Gemeenheet vun gewisse Mensche

hot namlich fierfull gestunke, ich raus kumin, so quick wie ich konnt. Drausse stcht noch immer der Greeley an der Eenz un guckt eriiwer. Ich wollt em juscht

ty

gewe

hot.

Am

Mondag Morge

sagt

mei

getretc sein!

un

Green,

Mann, wenn

er

— du

is

verstehst

Alti

net gut for Ich

mich

du

der

in

Hand

selle

"Was wo

selle

mer zugeguckt. "Hello, Charlie," sagt er, "is dei Alti wieder hinnich dir her?" Sel war schun gemeen vun em. aber noch gar nix gege was er dernoch gechth hot. Ich hab em gar kee Antwort gewe, bin eenfach unner die Granerie, hab awer nix gefunne wie Spinnewewe un Hinkelfedere un so an Grad wollt ich zuriick krieche, do seh ich in ere Eck e klee Katzche,' wo mich ganz freundAha! denk ich, so e klee lich angeguckt hot. Katz is net iiw'el mer hen die viele Ratte, sel Ich also bin un werd juscht's Richtige sein hoi die Katz mit der Hand, was se aach ganz ich so langsam wieder ruhig zugelosse hot. unner der Granerie raus kriech. denk ich uf emol: du musst do im Dunkie uf ebbes Dodes stanne un hot

Loch mache?" "Wie lang muss

ich frog ich. sitze?" "Dauert's lang?" Der Greeley hot emol rumgeguckt un arg " gehust't, un sagt denn, 's daht bios so e paar

Stunn daure. Lewerdem hot's immer "Urns Himgestunke, un ich sag: grab zu Ich kann's bal net meh stande." Die Erd war weech, un der Greeley hot geBeimbei war's grawe so schnell er konnt. Loch diet genug, un ich setz mich enein. Der Greeley fangt denn gleich an wieder zuzu"Halt die Aerm drin. Charlie,*' sagt werfa. er. "An de Aerm is es am schlimmste." Ich Esel hab immer noch nix Boses gedenkt un I

!

!

;

!

Wo

ft

'

i

!

Skunk her?"

"Ei. selle Skunk, hoscht," sagt der Greeley. ich.

mer musst sich e WeiL eingrawe, for Gestank los zu kriege. Is sel wo:.:: "Ja," sagt der Greeley, "vergrawe is 's Eenzige, wo so'n Gestank raustreibt. Soil ich e

halt

—

hoscht du

Skunk?" sag

gelese,

!

doch unner die Granerie gekroche. Mei Nochber, der Greeley, is an der Fenz ge-

bin

wo

for e

Ich hatt' schunst vun selle Diere gehort, aber noch nie eens gesehne; wo ich aber sel hor, loss ich's Katzche los ass ob's brenne daht. Dem Greeley sei Flint hot in der Fenzeck gestanne, un der Greeley war net faul un hot dem Skunk's Liclu ausgeblose. Aber nau, was dun? Der Ge>tank war net zum Stande! "Greeley," sag ich, "ich weess net, was so'.l Ich meen ich halt gehort oder ich anfange?

nunner un gnck!" Ich wollt net nunner, aber es

's

hab gemacht as=

sage, was ich for e schun Katzche gefunne hart, do ruft der Greeley: "Gud grasches. Charlie

zu mir: "Charlie!" (Wenn se sel sage duht, •heesst's: Jetzt pass uf !) "Charlie," sagt se, "ich glaab unser gelbes Hinkel, wo letscht Johr die siewe gehatscht hot, hot sich wieder e Nescht gestohle unne'r der Granerie. Kriech emol

e

ich

S

&

'^Z^^ THK BOYS AFTER CHARLIE GREEK

IN

A

BOLE

Q

.

!

im Loch. Der Greeley schaufzu, un in weniger wie fiinf Minute sitz ich bis an de Hals in der Erd. "Greeley," sag ich, wo er fertig war, "nau musst du mich net verlosse bis die Zeit urn is, horscht du?" "Well," sagt der Greeley, "ich hab bios e klee Geschaft im Stadtle, in ere halbe Stunn bin ich wieder do. So lang kannscht du ruhig Damit holt er sei Schaufel un geht. sitze." For e Weil war die Situaschen net iiwel, aber es is mir doch bal langweilig worde. Wu ich so gege fufzeh Minute sitz, kummt eens vun unsre Ferkel* doher, grad uf mich zu. "Gehst du weg!" sag ich zu em; aber mehr konnt ich net mache, mei Hand ware jo im Grund. Sel Ferkel hot sich aber wenig an mei Befehl gekehrt, sondern kummt direct uf mich zu un fangt an, sei Buckel an meiner Xas zu reiwe. "Dunner un Doria, du Mistviech!" sag ich un schrei, dass mer's schur e paar Meil konnt hore. Sel war aber aach dem Ferkel zu halt die Aerni

druf

flink

'

.

—

viel,

!

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

i86

elt

— —

:

un's hot sich fortgemacht.

fortkummt!"

schrei ich. "Ihr Raskels, ihr Skaunderls!" Die Buwe uf un dervun. "Er lewendig! er is lewendig!" schreie se un is laafe noch em Stadtel zu. der Nail is mir e Kero>inlamp ufgange: niedertrrichtige Kerl vun em Greeley hot e Trick mit mir gespielt, un derzu e ganz ge-

meener Trick. "Morder! Morder!" fang "Morder! Helft! Feuer!"

Wie e geschmierter Blitz fliegt mei Alti em Haus un uf die Lot los. "Wo bischt Charlie? Was is de Matter?"

aus

Bodem!"

sag

"Hier bin

frei

verzahle.

"Guck, George, do "Schur enoff e Mann, '

un gucke durch

Uewerdem hatt ich Zeit. ihr die dem Skunk un dem Greeley zu

gemacht. Gcschicht mit

Wo

is

er!"

wo

wachst," sagt en annerer.

sagt

aus

Eener.

em Bodem

"Is er lewendig?"

"Schmeiss em emol e sagt wieder eener. Stuck Holz an de Kopp." Domit trefft mich so e Lausbengel mit erne gehorige Klotz uf de Kopp. dass ich gemeent hab, die Sterne date vum Himmel purzle. "Ihr miserable Lausbuwe, macht dass ihr

Young

Fraa, hier. im

"Urn Gottes wille. Charlie, wie kummscht du dort in de Bodem!" run mei Alti. "Wie kumm ich rails, is die Question," "Wie ich nein kumm. will ich dir schon ich. dernocher expleene. Geh. hcrt e Spad un grab !" mich raus Mei Fraa is e kuraschirter Kerl. un 's hot net lang gedauert, hot se mich aus em Loch

An

sie stehe

ich,

*'C. rl ich fertig war, sagt mei Alri Green, weescht du was du bischt? Du bi Dei Kleeder en alter Esel. sel bischt du hoscht du solla begrawe, un net dich selwer. Aber sel guckt dir juscht gleich! Mach. das? du ins Haus kummscht un dei Kleeder duhscht; horscht du mich?" Gege mei Alti darf ich nix sage, die hot halt Aber der Greeley soil's zu immer Recht hore kriege, so schur wie ich leb. :

!

.

!

pigs.

SHORT AND GOOD

KORT UN GOD PLATTDUETSCH (LOW DUTCH). Kathrina Tutt Jann Kathrina: Wat is, Jann :

Liith;

TRANSLATION* BY H.

John:

List.

Katie:

Say

John

on.

want

Katie:

Just say

Jann: Et fehlt mi wat. Kathrina: Denn segg mi

John

Something

:

Katie:

Jann: Ik bin en Mann. Kathrina: Ik weet, Johann.

John

Jann: Ik bin alleen. Kathrina: Wie deihst dat meen?

John

Jann: Ik heft keen Fro. Kathrina: Ja, dat is so!

John:

di

?

Katie:

Jann Ja, Trina Tutt. Kathrina Is god, Jann

Liith.

Katie:

John:

John

:

:

:

am

I

I.

it.

pray.

I seek don't you speak?

a

man.

Yes, that I

Katie:

Jann Komm du bi mi. Kathrina Als Fro mit :

Why I

Katie:

Katie:

:

I

S.

to say

John

:

A.

Katie Tutt

Jann: Woll't mi anhorn? Kathrina: Ik wer nich storn.

dat.

du,

ich.

Uewerdem seh ich e Heerd Buwe die Rood eruf kumme, grad uf die Lot zu wo ich sitz. der Fenz bleiwe die Bords.

an zu rufe.

ich

i-

plain.

am

alone. don't catch on.

Xo

know.

wife, you

Yes, that

is

-

How

would you do? As wife for you?

Yes. Ka:ie Tutt. All right. John Lutt.

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

187

EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT Pennsylvania-German Pensioners.

ACCORDING

to the

Where

Pennsylvania heads the United States pension-list, having 98,829 veterans and widows enrolled out of a total of 980,600, or nearly one tenth of the entire number. A study of the names of pensioners in Alt-Berks shows a preponderance of German names, for example: Selsdorf, Reinert, Hilbert, triot,

Angstadt, Wink, Sauermilch, HumReidnauer, Lenhart, Greenawalt, Behler, Zettlemoyer, Burkhart, Weide-

bert,

ner, Smoyer, Cressly, Schidler, Lyler, Oswald, Shumaker, Heftner, Guinther, Sieger, Erb, Heydt, Hartline, Wessner, Kunkel, Heckman,. Eshbach, Clemmer, Wingert, Bauer, Bickel, Unangst, Brum-

bach, Keller, Seyler, Reeser.

This

list

sufficient

is

clip the

Capital Is Timid

following from the Mid-

dleburg Post of January 31

:

The Eidon

Handle Company, of Beaver Springs, is looming up now as one of the mos: successful, if not the most successful industrial plant of Snyder county. It is running night and day, and they must keep the agents off the road in order to catch up with the orders already on hand. This plant needed and for local capital to develop the enterprise, and no one was willing to assist it except the promoters. Xow the local people would like :o have some stock and can not get it. This is the history of so many Snyder county enterprises. Over a million dollars on depothe banks of Snyder county, yet there is no ::

money

for their door!

new

enterprises that start right at they are proven a success, wants stock, but they can not

When

every person get

it

then.

Why

is

this?

Who

proof that our

people were not lacking in loyalty and patriotism when the Union was in danger. shall welcome contributions relating to what the Pennsylvania-German "boys" did on the field of battle.

We

A

We

Kutztown Pa-

can tell the reason? Is it stupidconservatism or rather a well founded distrust caused by our masters of "high finance"? ity,

Poem Wrongly

Credited

In our February number we published a dialect poem entitled "Die stWQ vitm Mensch," which was credited to quoted it "Hiram Hollerheck." .

Thrifty Pennsylvania-German Housewife

An item in a local newspaper brings out these facts about the wife of a farmer owning more than 183 acres and keeping fourteen cows. During 1906 she made 3034 pounds of butter, 6400 cups of cup-cheese and 8000 balls of cottagecheese, performing all the work in connection therewith, except milking' and* churning, herself, while doing all of her

We

from an exchange in which it appeared over that name, but have since learned that it was written by "Solly Hulsbuck" and may be found in the latest edition of his poems under the title "J 'an Kindl We regret the mistake gu Ewigkeit" and hope "Solly Hulsbuck's" well earned reputation will not suffer in consequence.

own housework -besides.

She is the mother of twelve children and is in excel-

lent health.

Here is in whose "price ciety

may

truth, a

"worthy woman,"

far above rubies." "mock her useful toil, is

homely joys and destiny obscure"

who

is

;

Soher but

building the statelier eternal man-

sions, this thrifty housewife and her sisters of the churn, or the fickle butterflies

of high life flitting about for a season in the gilded halls of luxury and iniquity? All honor to the honest daughters of toil, wherever they may be found.

I

A

Headless Article

Another very annoying mistake crept upon the first page of our March issue. Thro' some inadvertence of the printer

in

as it seems, oi the proof-reading editor also, the heading of Mr. KricS article on "Early German Pioneers in the United States" was omitted.

and.

On the map of Pennsylvania-German settlements in Ontario, pace 103, the letters P. G. stand for Pennsylvania-Germans, P. G. D. for Pennsylvania-German Descendants.

-

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

i88

Clippings from Current Oldest

Iron-Ore

The purchase

Mines in the State

Boyertown iron-ore mines by Charles M. Schwab as a source of supply for the Bethlehem Steel Company has revived interest in the locality where the first iron-ore mined in Pennsylvania was found. Excepting only the famous Cornwall ore-banks in Lebanon county, the ortbed underlying Boyertown is the largest in the State. The first iron-furnace in Pennsylvania was established by Thomas Rutter in 1716, on the Manatawny creek, near the present borough of Pottstown. The ore was taken from this deposit and was first carried to the furnace in wicker baskets. Other furnaces followed soon, but their operation was beset with many difficulties. In 1728 a band of Indians attacked the furnaces on the Manatawny, but the workmen drove them off with heavy loss. Mining by sinking shafts was not undertaken until of

the

about 1847. Centennial of First Evangelical Conference

News

woods and

shrubs, seeds of Pennsylvanian plants and copper and silver coins of all c Dr. Everhart was born on a Bei tries.

count) farm January 22, 1840, and has lived in Scranton since 1867. He is a veteran of the Civil War and took part in thirty-three ba:

Marvelous Powers of Memory. Mrs. Nancy Heeb Endsley. who died recat Marion, Ind., aged eighty years, was pri known for her memory of names, dates and facts. She could tell the day of the birth, marriage or death of any one within her edge for more than sixty years, repeat chapter after chapter from the Bible and re extracts of poetry and other literature, was a granddaughter of Lieutenant G< William Wagoner and of Jacob Zinn. served six years in the American RHer father settled in the forest in Lara county, Ind., when she was a child. Until her last illness she had never needed a doctoi medicine more than a half dozen timefive varieties of plants, flowers and shl surrounded her home. i

I

At

the latest general conference of the United Evangelical church, held at Cedar Rapids, la., it was resolved to celebrate the centennial anniversary of the first conference of the Evangelical Association. This conference was held Nov. 15 and 16, 1807, at the house of Samuel Becker, at Klein feltersville. Lebanon county, Pa., and was the only regular conTerence presided over by Rev. Jacob Aibrecht. founder of the denomination. The centennial is to be celebrated at Kleinfeltersville, September 18 and 19, and in all the churches of the

denomination October First

Volume

of

6.

"Corpus" in Sight

.vania. The Hartford Theological Seminary, -of which Dr. Hartranft was president, is cooperating with the SchwenkfeMers in this work, which will comprise at least sixteen

large volumes.

Everhart

Museum

of

National History

plans for the museum of natural history which Dr. Isaiah P. Everhart, physician and •scientist, is about to present to the city of The museum is to Scranton, are completed. .contain the results of forty years of search in Europe and America, classified as Pennsylvanian birds and quadrupeds, Pennsylvania!!

Novel by John Luther Long

novel by John Luther Lor.g will be among the important books of the spring. In his new work Mr. Long has turned from tragedy of "The Way of the Gods" to comedy,

and from Japan story

is

to the America of to-day. to be called "The Gulf."

A New

A

After- many vexatious delays the Schwenkfelders have reason to hope that the first volume of the Corpus Schwenkfeldianprum, the grqat historical enterprise which has already cost them $30,000, will be issued from the press in Leipsic before the end of the year. The editors of the work, Dr. Chester D. Hartranft, .of Hartford, Conn., and Rev. E. E. S. Johnson, of Philadelphia, have found a rich store of documents that had been suppressed, but throw a flood of light upon the history of the Reformation and the later emigrations to Pennsyl-

The

New

A new

new home

Suit Against the Economites

for the possession of Economy, of the Economites. in Beaver Pa., was filed recently in the Federal C at Pittsburg by Ada J. Everitt and Tryon. of Xew Jersey, who name John and Susie C. Duss. the only surviving m bers of the colony, as defendant-. T'.. mites. Rappists or Harmony Society, are a religious community ox celibates, founded in October 1803 by George Rapp.

the

suit

:

I

I

Wurttemberg.

The community became

during the past century and several have been brought by heirs of former m against Duss for the possession of its

•

tinct

able lands.

now

to

However.

r*

•

-

I

I

keep control of the proper: Sale of Autographs and Relics

At a sale of autograph letter- and documents belonging to James L. Slatington, and Joseph J phia, held February 1

hi*:o F

Hedges, of Phil 1

by

deGeorge Washington from \ marclining to approve the sentence of 1 C tial ordered by Lafayette, sold other Washington letter, written while British occupied Philadelphia, brought $ Two of his diaries, for 1705 am! 1798 I

S

!

:

NEWS

CLIPPINGS FROM CURRENT

A

letter from Thomas Jefferson, writ$4300. ten from Monticello June 24, 1826. shortly beletter 'from fore his death, brought $160. Abraham Lincoln to the Postmaster General, dated April 24, 1861, sold for $52.50; one from Benjamin Franklin to his brother, written while the former was waiting to sail for London as the representative of Pennsylvania, sold Many other autographs and relics for $41.

A

changed owners.

William

county, as a son of John and Maria Weiler and received but a meager school education. He conducted a store business at the place where he died since September 5, 1836. most of the time by himself alone. He held P>erks

many

of trust, was a delegate to the which ratified the nomination of William Henry Harrison at Baltimore in 1840, and famed as a "lightning calculator." A picture and short sketch of him appeared in The offices

convention

Pennsylvania-German for Dr. Benjamin E. Dry,

OBITUARIES Anders, pastor of the Schwenkfelder churches at Worcester, Towamencin and Salford, Montgomery county, died Rev.

189

S.

suddenly at Qrange City, Fla., Feb. 18. He was born in 1840. He had served his congregations for thirty years and lived at Fairview, near Norristown.

James Weiler, one of the oldest and best known residents of Lehigh county, died FebruHe ary 19 at his home in Lower Macungie. was born August 30, 1816, in Longswamp,

July, 1905. the oldest

Demo-

Berks county, died at Reading February 27. He was born in Rockland. Oct. 10, 1819, and belonged to the fifth generation of Johannes Dry, who immigrated in 1754. After being employed as potter, school-teacher and merchant he studied medicine, graduating from the Pennsylvania Medical College in 1857; later he served as register of wills and Dryville. formerly known in the Legislature. as Stony Point, where he kept a store and

cratic voter in

;

many

office

years,

was named

after him.

Chat with Correspondents Thirsting for History and Genealogy

An

light

Hazleton, Pa., writes as follows in response to our request for frank criticism of our work

esteemed subscriber

in

place I take no interest in the biography of prominent Pennsylvania-

In the

first

Germans. ... I am no hero-worshiper. would much rather read what the ordinary class of my ancestors have done for I

my

country.

what

On

am

History,

early

history,

and genealogy. page 95 of the February number

I

an able

is

thirsting for,

article entitled ''Historical

On

Prof. [8 :. and published in the Proceedings of the Pennsylvania-German Society. Vol. V. pp. 121-131 also to a monograph by the same IV. author in Americana C. Nos. 3 and 4. pp. 200-341. including an "Alphabetical List of Current Pennnia-German Names with both their Ger-

man and

their Anglicized Forms." As few of your subscribers have these books. would it not be possible for you to procure them and print them in Thf Pennsylvania-German from time to time? Maybe your other readers know all these

is

extracts from such works?

things, but I know very little of local history. I have studied Viv/ cient and mediaeval history, is much as required for graduation from a n school; but of local history I have nothing, and articles on it are very interesting

The October number I considered very good. "A Genealogical Trip to Switzerland" was worth the price of the magazine My ancestors are supposed to for a year. be from Switzerland, but I could not find in that article.

I wish I could get a full history of that company and the names of the soldiers from Northampton that served If you can not print in the Revolution. this information, could you name a book

ampton county.

wherein I could find it? On page 360, November number, mention

is

made

of the insubordination of the

Pennsylvania Line

at

York under General

think I have seen a casual ref1 erence to the "Morristown mutiny* of Pennsvlvania soldiers. How I should de-

Wayne.

I

.

;

Works

The November number began an interesting article on the York Riflemen. On page' 358 it is stated that Abraham Miller was captain of the company from North-

page 303, October number, reference

made to an address delivered by Oscar Kuhns at Reading. October 3.

is

Too Rare and Dear." As few people can afford to own such books, could not The Pennsylvania-German give interesting

my name

read a detailed history of those

to

events

to

We ment

me.

G.

to

name

J.

R.

we

are unable at this B a historical urork containing the

regret that

information for which you inquire. We shall. however, keep your questions in mind anil hope to find opportunity ere lone to learn Mr. W. J. Heller, of to direct you definitely. be aura Easton, u >uld pf >bao1 1 I

1

for the historv of the Northampton in the Revolution. As a student of genealogy you will

be interested ::family as continued ;

gard

to

this

n>^

H.ir-

With in this number German family-names Prof. ]'

re-

beginning

in

prepared ess number, promises a

carefully

of the

soM

rich treat.

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

ipo

Rev. P.

J.

Michael's Chaplaincy and Death

In answer to the criticism made by one of our readers upon the statement contained in Mr. D. N. Schaeffer's biography of his pioneer ancestor, published in our December issue, that both George Schaeffer and his pastor, Rev. Philip Jacob Michael, had served in the Continental army, the latter as chaplain— a criticism which to us then seemed plausible— Mr. Schaeffer wrote us under date of February 19 the letter here quoted In your "Chat with Correspondents" in the February number of The Pennsylvania-German, a doubt was expressed concerning the correctness of the statement I made in the biography of George Schaeffer, the Pioneer, that Rev. Philip Jacob Michael was a chaplain in the Continental army during the Revolution. This doubt has arisen from the fact that Dr. Dubbs, in the Pennsylvania-German Society's Proceedings, Vol. II, page 223, states that Rev. Philip Jacob Michael died in That this statement is erroneous 1772. clearly appears from the records kept by several of the congregations which he served as pastor. Rev. William A. Helffrich, D.D., in his History of the Longswamp Church, says that, according to the records, Rev. Philip Jacob Michael was pastor of that congregation at three different periods: First, from to 1753; :

.

:

.

.

,

second, from January 7, 1763. to the close of 1774, and third, from 1780 to the close of his life, which was in 1786. In his History of the Ziegel church. Dr. Helffrich says that the records of this congregation show that Rev. Michael served as their pastor until 1775. He also says that Rev. Michael resigned as pastor of these congregations to enter the Continental army, and that he served in the army between his second and third pastorates at the Longswamp church. This is the best kind of evidence to show that Rev. Philip Jacob Michael died not in 1772. but during his third pastorate in the Longswamp church, which lasted close to the time when Rev. John H. Helffrich. grandfather oi Dr. William A. Helffrich, was elected as his successor.

,

In 1764 Rev. Philip Jacob Michael made application to the Coetus of the Reformed Church to be ordained according to its rules, and in a letter written by the Coetus to the Fathers of Holland, asking permission to ordain him and to receive him as a member of their body, it was stated that he was then forty-eight years of age While this shows that he was about tittynine years of age when the Revolution broke out, it is no reason why he could not have served as chaplain in the army. All able-bodied citimis in Rerks county between the ages of eighteen and fiftythree were enrolled for military duty during the Revolutionary War, and toward

the close of the Civil War the Southern Confederacy enrolled her people be: the ages of eighteen and sixty \- Ministers in this country at that time not numerous, and it is not unr to suppose that good and able-bodied ministers at the age of Rev. Philip J Michael were allowed to act as chap] Your statement that Rev. Jacob Michael, given as the chaplain of the first battalion of the Berks county regiment, can 11 the Rev. Philip Jacob .\{ichael menl by me, is without foundation. Th the first name is omitted, there waone Rev. Michael who lived in this of the State at that time. In the lis! Continental soldiern in Vol. 13. 161, of the Second Series of Per.Archive-, his name is given as P Michael. Besides it is a well k: that it was not an uncommon cust ministers at that time to omit one of given names in writing their signature-. For example, Rev. Philip Reinhold : generally signed his name simply F _

|

I

Rev. Henry William Stoy g signed his name William S Rev. Wilhelm Heinrich Otterbein gei ally signed his name Wilhelm Otter In regard to the pioneer S tradition is very positive among scendants that both he and Rev. Mic entered the Continental army. He about forty-six years of age who:: Pauli.

ally

Revolution broke out. and the that he was too old to act as

a

sc

m

lieutenant in the Germ. regime preposterous. Many officers in the C tinental army were as old and ol he was at that time. A curtion of the officers from Berk- c shows that Col. George N gel his company from Reading, Cambridge, Mass.. after the ington, was born in ff& G

ed

P.:

Lex-

Herkheimer came to America in was born in 17 Fred. Antes was born in \7}0. and John C. Bucher, who was a Lain, las

Col. Peter Kichlein

born

in

I

is

1730.

unfortunate th. il \ It is contained the private paper- of G. Sch utter, the pioneer, was consumed I ly forty years ag when t€ bona old Schaeffer homestead was fire. This x *

.

inches

ami

i

by

leng inches

in

six

capacity with his private papers, and oi his descendants fed veri in this box wei charge as an officer ol the Continental -

army. The fad a second lieutenant -

in

Germ

of the

the >*

v-

••

Archives, and

I

Sei

am

am in

reg

•

nen-

:

CHAT WITH CORRESPONDENTS tal soldiers, taken in connection with the positive tradition in the family coming

down through

various branches thereof, should not be brushed aside by the simple statement that he was too old to serve in that capacity. Since I wrote the above, I reP. S. ceived the enclosed letter from Prof. Ilinkc, which corroborates the fact concerning Rev. Michael very largely, and there can be no doubt that Dr. Dubbs' statement that Rev. Michael died in 1772

—

is

erroneous.

Prof. William J. Hinke's letter, dated Feb18, 1907, reads as follows:

r in 1780. when Michael was received for the third time and continued to serve there till his death." The statement of Dr. Dubbs, which is quite indefinite, dated "Lynn Twp., Lehigh Co., Pa., ab. 1770" (see Manual, p. 404), must of course be given up in view of the evidence furnished by the Longswamp record.

WM.

;

In

making

have

examined

the

search

a

the

in

Recri-

morning. I discovered the will of Rev. Philip Jacob Michael, which bears the date of May 6. 17.%, and was probated on June 17. 1786. The following is a copy

dear Sir:' I

HlNKE.

following second letter from Mr. Schaefter, dated February 20. furnishes tive evidence of Rev. Philip J. Michael's dca:h in 1786: office

In answer to your inquiry that

J-

The

ruary

My

191

let me say Longswamp

repeatedly. It shows that Rev. Philip Jacob Michael served the congregation three times: first from about 1750 to 1754, again from 1762 to 1774. His last baptism in the latter period was on October 23, 1774. He served there a third time, from 1781 to 1785. Rev. John H. Helffrich baptized a child on April 9, 17S0. Then there is a break until Jan. 14, 1781, when the chirography of Michael appears again. His hand-writing continues till On Dec. 25, 1785, there is a change. 1785.

record

this

of the certificate of probate Register's O^.cc. at Reading, in Herks June 17. 1786.

C

Letters Testamentary in common forrr the seal of the said office on the will of Jacob Michael, late of Rocklai Berks County, Minister, deceased, were 51 to Paul Grossgup, Ks ;.. 5. !c executor :: rn thereto. named, he being first Inventory to he exhibited on or before the day of July next, and an account when required. The said will on the san duly proved by the oath or llenr and George Bower, witnesses to the I

-

Honi

That baptism was probably administered by Rev. Henry Hertzel. Rev. William Helffrich agrees entirely with this result, which I took from the church-record. He says, on page 26 of his Geschichtc rerschiedener Gcmcindcn in Lecha und Berks Counties, Allentown, 1891: "He (J. H. Helffrich) preached there several years, but when matters did not improve he left the congregation again

The

will

shows

that

Christ, Ke^

-

Rev. Michael was

the owner of 94 acres of partly in Rockland and partly in I swamp township. He left to SUf a widow and five children: John Michael. Moses Michael, Philip Michael. Wi

.

Michael and Sara Michael. This pi a doubt that he died between May

beyond 6.

17S6,

and June

17,

17861

Genealogical Notes and Queries Co ntributors will please state their questions and mi is open to all our subscribers. For the briefly as possible, being particularly careful in writing names anil dates. questions under this head be addressed to the editor of it is desired that answers to the

This department tion as clearly

and

of readers generally this

magazine.

XVI. Ancestry of George Mayer and Wife I

desire to

know who were

the parents of

George Mayer and wife Maria Langenecker,

who according to my data lived in Londonderry township. Dauphin county, Pa., as late as 1796. Mr. Mayer then removed to Dickinson township, Cumberland county. His remains are buried on his farm, also those oi his wife and son Jacob. He was born in 1757 and died in September, iSu; his wife, Maria, was born in 1758 and died in August. 1S33. George Mayer's father was twice married. and had twenty-four children twenty-three sons and one daughter by his two wives. The daughter, who was of the first wife, married Henry HerTlebour and lived near Xewburg. Cumberland county, Pa. George Mayer's father at an early day removed to Morrison's < ove, then in Bedford county. Pa., bought

—

—

woodland and and children

—

He

built a sawmill. ten.

think,

I

all

His second boys wen:

—

and din; there. George Mayer was in the Continental ai I would like to know in what company regiment he served, and any facts relating to

him.

his

lived

progenitors will be greatly appreciated.

Mrs. 140 North Collece Carlisle. Pa.

Emma

I.inf.

St.,

XVII. Inquiry About

We Anna

would Maria

like

Anna Maria Shunk

t->

Shunk.

Scholl, a son of Frederic Scholl, an in who bought a tract of land between the creek and the "V> ranch"'

She was born November November, i~o~. Sellersville, Pa.

21, 1753,

Mrs.

C

1

and dk D. Frf.tz.

—

—

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

192

Our Book-Table Any book

or pamphlft reviewed in these columns will be sent to any arbiters by the Manager of Tb* sylvanla-Geruian on receipt of the publisher's price. Postage must be added when It Is mentioned iq Any other book wanted by our readers may be ordered through us at the publisher's price. Inquiries will promptly and cheerfully answered.

mi

t«

Pennsylvania-German Poems. By Solly Hulsbuck, Bossum-Deich. The Hawthorne

"Solly Hulsbuck" to speak in this country. has the gift of humor, and his productions are

Press.. Elizabethville, Pa. 116 pages; 75 cents postpaid. That "Solly Hulsbuck's" poems, whose first edition was noticed in these pages a few months ago, are meeting with favor is proved by the appearance of this second, revised and

just the thing to drive away the blues. Our only objection to his work is his queer spe but for this he renders a reason. It is ir tunately true that many of our people "have grown away from the original dialect ar quired a diverse pronunciation," and that are quite unfamiliar with German letters and

•

edition. There is improvement, we think, in the change of title from "PennsylvaThe nia-Dutch" to "Pennsylvania-German." new volume, though similar in general makeup

improved

has been enlarged by twenty pages, of contents mentions at least Der Deitsch A B C, Die four new poems Krutzapeif, Vun Kindhcit zu Ezvigkeit, Hand The book also contains seven in da Sack. to the

first,

and the

i

m

To meet the wants Hulsbuck" uses a method of 5] ing which, though largely phonetic, to us s German

absurd.

table

:

poems in the German-English dialect, which new arrivals from the fatherland are supposed

Calendar

of

Constancy. A beautiful home-song stanzas written by Harvey M. Miller ar. Publishe to music by Robert Chapman. Popular Music Publishing Co., 79-81 I Ave. and 59 Dearborn St., Chicago.

Grand Opera House block

destroyed by 2.

fire.

in

Harrisburg

_

Fifteen persons hurt in railroad-accident

near Conemaugh.

Gov. Stuart appoints Auditing Company 4. of New York to examine Capitol accounts. 4. 5.

Snowstorm throughout

the State.

Amendment

for survey of_ 35-foot chan5. nel in Delaware river defeated in Congress. Dr. William C. Pickett, neurologist, dies at

Alden.

Gov. Stuart cautions Legislature to go slow in creating new salaried officers. Big 6.

—

fire on Tremont street, Philadelphia. Breaker of Delaware & Hudson Coal Co. 7. at Parsons burnt; 1200 men idle.

Gov. Stuart appoints James A. Strana8. han and James B. Scarlet to conduct Capitol investigation with joint legislative committee. Seven miners suffocated by fire in a colliery at Wanamie— Fire destroys John Wanamakcr's

Jenkintown. IT. Father and four children perish in burning house at Allentown. Fourth annual meeting of State Associ12. ation of School Superintendents at Harrisburg. Directors of Ursinus Theological Seminary of Philadelphia resolve to combine with Heidelberg Seminary at Tiffin. Ohio. Senator Penrose renews attempt to se13. cure the survey of 35-foot channel in Delaware.

country home, Lindenhurst.

—

at

I

I

Pennsylvania History FEBRUARY,

1.

sounds.

class, "Solly

1907

The Dunsmore

14.

maximum finally.

railroad

bill,

fare,

fixing

two oa

passes

H

the

Both Houses adjourn to Feb.

23

Federal court at Pittsburg decides 15. involving valuable coal-lands near Sci favor of claimants. 2^ members of Bl Hand held in Luzerne county jail on cri:v charges. Major George Shorkley. C

—

veteran, of Lewisburg, dies ar Hawthorn,

Allegheny City.

17.

Great

18.

Mayor Weaver,

fire

in

of

Phil

-

ordinance for survey of 35-fool channel Delaware. H. C. Frick Coke Company

—

-

in in-

creases wages for 21.000 men. 19. John E. Reyburn. Rep. eled of Philadelphia. Women advocate- oi kindergarten-extension defeated in ville annexes borough of Yorkville.

—

22.

Beginning

—

work on

new

P

I

ll

Philadelphia. university Day at I', of P A. 21-24. State convention of Y. M.

C

tl

Allentown. 24.

James

Snowstorm VV,

eastern part

in

McClure.

ol

I

S

leer oi

I

Per

R. R. Co., dies in Philadelphia. Fire in busim ss sectioi 25. 20.

ware

Amendment

:

:

and Ha:'

river stricken off Ri\er

\ State Banker-' Fast Penna. conference Philadelphia. E. Church in Tamau.ua. 28. East in Association Grady-Salus "press mu.-.-'cr. "— B 8 wrecked near Connellsviile

27,

—

;

I

^i

I

r ^ .„...-....-,~r„.,™^ I

r;

^.^w-^1,^-,

-

•

,

.

.

-^wff wi^iB.^jw^. r— -

—

-mm**

P^nnsi|luama-®nuitau

no

and

I

long tioned, it must he conceded that a w cated people will possess a moral

I

energy far exceeding that to \\ ant and illiterate people can attain. serted in documentary form hundred thousand children in tl tween the ages of five and fifteen, m two hundred and fift) thousand able of receiving instruction school during last year.

wen

a

Responsive

t

the

govern

r'a

the Legislature arranged for a fund f common-school system to be secured by taxation, and in the session of i8j

common

practical unanimity a

-

'.aw

rnor was passed and approved b Wolf. The governor was a candid for a third term, bu lb)

Joseph date,

Ritner, lie died

anti-Masonic candi-

the

suddenh

manhood. March

1

in

x 1

.

.

the vig

n his six

:

A QUINTET OF NOTABLE PENNSYLVANIANS

197

The school-children of Easton erected a beautiful cut-stone memorial gate in that city to his memory, who third year.

termed the father of our pub-

truly can be

lic-school system.

Joseph Ritner, the eighth and last governor under the Constitution of ij, was born in Berks county March 25, The only school education he had 1780. was six months at the age of six years. When sixteen years old he went to Cumberland county and worked on a farm. From there he moved to Westmoreland county with a young wife and farmed for himself.

who

He was

a close student,

how-

much and

retained it. At the age of thirty he was elected to the from Washington county Legislature and served six terms. He was elected speaker of that body. In 1829 he ran for governor against George Wolf, also in On 1832, and was defeated both times. ever,

read

,J

the anti-Masonic issue he was nominated in 1835 a third time against his old antagonist,

whom

who was

a

Courtesy of Lan

FYee Mason and

-

-

•

HON. THADDEUS ST KVK.NS

he defeated.

While to Governor Wolf belongs the honor of establishing our common-school system, to Governor Ritner must be accorded the credit of its preservation. The law -passed in 1834 was bitterly opposed by the people when they considered .its scope and provisions, the result being that the Legislature of 1835

was elected

pledged to its annulment. A proposition submitted to the Senate for its abolition

and the substitution of the act of 1809, which provided for the education of the poor gratis, was agreed to with but slight opposition.

'

It came up in the House with every prospect of having the same fate, but there it encountered the eloquence and power of Thaddeus Stevens, the great Commoner, then a member of the House for Lancaster county. His speech on that occasion, delivered at the age oi forty-

three, \Vas the

Waterloo of the opponents

of free education, the high-water mark of the invasion of ignorance and stupidity, which then received its final quietus. Never perhaps in this nation was a speech niore timely or more far-reaching in its effects. It was equal to the theses oi

Luther nailed to the church-doof tenberg:

it

was

Wit-

at

shot that rev< world. It is a class a

around the should hang in a crolden frame schoolroom in Pennsylvania. Partlv Mr. .

Stevens said

:

Why shall Pennsylvania now system that is calculated to elevat rank in the intellectual which bj of Providence she holds in the materi the keystone of the arch, the very ri r ~ am aware, sir, h 1 her equals? is

tor the grvat

mass of

the

never seen this system in op stand it-i advantages; hut i< rt not wise full operation and lean its 1 it go into from experience? Then if it

1

;

burdensome, how barbarous ami disgraceful cry w« lc!ature, in 1838, Governor Ritncr said: The condition of the means provided by the State for general education is 50 :. that little is required of the present ture. Within three years the permanent S appropriation has been increased from $75,000 annually to $400,000. Instead of 762 common schools in operation at the end of 1S35. 5he now has 5,000 common schools. 3$ acadol-teacher. The few ruling Englishmen trie'. every conceivable wav to get all the tiers to conform to the Church oi V Many of the French an S land. and perhaps a few oi the Germans, to secure civil offices, did go into the Est lished or State Church, and were But a teacher and minister. oi the Germans refused to sell birthright for a sop. Hence

ceed

till

s

-

in

'.

I

prevent them from teacher or pastor. By honest perseverance, howThe ever, they in time obtained German teacher soon had a large m The ber oi children to instruct. ities

endeavored

securing

either

to

a

German

!

THE GERMAN'S

,

paid the teacher for instruction in secubranches as well as in religious lar

knowledge. But the colonial and Episcopal authorities ruled that the instruction must be in the English language. As the parents could not understand English, they insisted on having their children taught in German also, a language both could understand. This was reasonable and finally had to be granted.

Thus, after overcoming many difficulties, these German colonists had their own parochial school and faithful teachers, a hundred years before free schools existed in

Nova

Scotia.

Soon after settling in Lunenburg the Germans put forth efforts to secure a pastor and after trying in vain, they began in "1765 to build a church of their own. This work was also hindered by those who were attempting to make proselytes of them. Two years later the "Society for Promoting the Knowledge of Christ in Foreign Parts" sent a Rev. P>ryzelius Lunenburg. to He could preach in the English, French, German and Swedish languages. He conducted the first German services and administered communion according to Lutheran

doctrines and usages. He instructed the children of Lutheran and Reformed parents for confirmation and the Lord's Supper, according to the forms and teachings of the Church of England. This proselyting scheme caused difficulties and divisions in 1768. These German people would not betray and sacrifice their clear convictions and true faith for the sake of convenience nor in the interest of conformity or a union with-

out unity. Therefore, they renewed their efforts to secure a faithful pastor of their own. After erecting a church and waiting nearly twenty years the Lutherans wore successful in getting a pastor of their own faith. Rev. Friederich Schultz arrived in Lunenburg in 1772. in compliance to a call from the congregation, which increased in membership and influence under his leadership. In April. l 773>< the erection of a parsonage was begun, which was the home for ministers' families till 1883. when it was removed to another lot to make room for

IN

NOVA SCOTIA

r>s

Rev. F. Schultz had previously been a Lutheran pa -tor in t era Pennsylvania. In 1771 .Mr. Lorenz Conradt had been sent to Xew York awl Philadelphia a call to secure a Lutheran pastor and Mr. Kaulbach was delegated to do the same for the Reformed people in Lunenburg, X. S., the next year. They also secured a pastor, organized a congregaa larger one.

.

tion

and

and

at Chester,

A

later built a

church

town

in that

X. S.

number

of the same editions of Gerpossession of the early settlers in Pennsylvania and the other original provinces were also found in the homes of these Xova Scotia pioneers. The one to occupy the first place was the

man books

in

Then followed GerLuther's Catechis Hiibner's Biblische Historicn. Stark's Handbuch. Arndt's Wahres Christe and Paradies-Gartlcin, books with - r> mons on the Gospels and Epistl - f r the Church Year, and other devotional books. From the foregoing it will be readily in

PJible

German.

man hymn-books.

I

inferred

the

that

Lunenburg

col-":

spoke the same language that many of our ancestors in Pennsylvania spoke. A dialect very similar to the PennsvlvaniaGerman is still spoken in many homes by their descendants in Lunenburg county, X. S. They also live in much the same kind of houses as the PennsvlvaniaGermans do and have similar virtues and characteristics. Many of their names the same or similar to those oi Pen:-

appear from the

vania-Germans. as

will

following selected

list:

Arenber£. Aulcr.' Acker. Andreas, Bauer. P.eck. Berghaus, Bleysteiner, Boehner, Dichl, Eisenhauer, Burckhardt, Conradt. Ernst. Ewald, Frank. Gerhard;. Haas. Hamm. llansler.

H emu her-.

Hilt?.

11

Young),

Lantz.

Kaulbach, Kayser, Kulin, M.uler. Maurer, Mausscr, Nfeisser Rod Rehfus, Ochsener, C

Schelly, Schlitter, Sc Seeburger, Spindler,

S

S

Steindorf,

ber,

burger, Tauber, Vogler, Wiederholtz, Wust, ZauberbuhTcr,

Xotf. oi the

— Those

Germans

desiring in

Nova

Acadie ami the Acadians, Address him a: 70. -\ui S

(To

Zwk

further in: Scotia trill find bj

be continued

BTg, Pa. 1

.rei-

S

it

in

j

:

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

204

A

Short History of Selinsgrove BY REV.

A

WHEN

G.

W. GEXSZLER, SELINSGROVE, PA.

Natural Stronghold

of the little town of ' Selinsgrove, surrounded on all sides by strong towering hills and mountains, he may well be tempted to say, as the Psalmist said of Jerusalem, "Mark ye well her bulwarks." Mahanoy lifts his proud head and guards her southern entrance Shekellemy* performs the ;

same duty at the north. Towards the rising sun lies the broad expanse of the Susquehanna; towards the setting sun' is a low range of hills, which from their cool shades send down a crystal stream of water known to the Indians as Kayarondinagh,

now

as

Penn's creek.

The Indians had here large burial-grounds, one a short tance above where Sunbury now stands, the other at the point of the I Juc. grounds."

one takes a birdscye view

This

town into two parts. Selinsgrove proper and the Isle of Que, both embraced within the present limits of the divides the

borough.

:

The

according to Meginness, was a fourth of a mile square, showing must have been used for many generalatter,

tion-.

Bv the purchase at Albany the burial-ground became the property of the whites and in the same year 175 transferred by a grant to Conrad \Vc This may in part explain why C< -nrad Weiser, the interpreter, who had ously been held in high esteem by the Ini

|

dians of this vicinity, now lost t fidence: for it was Conrad Weiser and Richard Peters who not only about the purchase, but who a! the boundary-lines, and in all pr advantage was taken of the Indiaas to the extent of the purchase and manner in which the neg :

~

s

The

place is a natural stronghold on account of its surroundings and is easy of access from all directions, owing to the fact that the two great branches of the Susquehanna meet here and that in the days when all this country was covered with dense forests, making travel difficult and affording lurking-places for every enemy, the creeks and rivers were the natural highway of the Indians. can understand therefore why Shekellemy, the chief of the Six Nations, selected this place as his home and rallying-point, and also why the treaty made at Albany in 1754, which transferred a part of this beautiful valley from the Inneighbors, dians their pale-faced to caused such dissatisfaction and finally led to the shedding of blood.

We

I

conducted. Land Granted Weiser and Peters

For their services the govcrnnri g Weiser and Peters each a grant thousand acres oi land on the wi of the Susquehanna. The original rant, now in possession oi Mr. H. D. I

1

I

-

1

Schnure, oi Selinsgrove. reads as lows Pennsylvania, Selinsgrove.

By Proprietors. Your letter oi the hundred and

Oct, ! ordei >od land and of

,~th

four,

fifty

which

tracts of 2000 ated ro ho immediately surveyed and to said Richard Peters and Conrad within the Indian purchase, service in their t: .

Indian Burial-Ground Sold by Treaty

The valley not only afforded the Indians abundance of game: it was sacred to them from the fact that here were resting in the last sleep of death thousands of their dear ones who had preceded them into the '"happy huuting•Named after the notol chief of the Six Nations, who died at Shamokin in 1740- Hi* name is spelt variously: Shekellemy. Shekellemus. Sliekalamv. Stuck* elemy, etc. Ed.

—

Albany ami has been :. said Richard Peters and by the said Conrad Weiser since d
en to our 2ISI day of January.

and laying oui of

heirs

our

lettei

sun

e

th
distant 20 m

I

I

:

A SHORT HISTORY OF SELINSGROVE issue rierc-s

for the immediate laying out of 2000 agreeable to our order to eacli of them ;

in our afore-said letter. These are authorize and require you to survey or cause to be surveyed to the Heirs and devisees of the late Conrad Weiser 2000 acres of land with the usual allowances in one or more parcols in the County of Cumberland and within the purchase of Albany, and make returns thereof in the Secretary's office in order that the same may be confirmed to them in consideration of the said Conrad Weiser's service in transacting the business in our behalf at the said treaty with the Indians at Albany, and of the yearly quitrent of one half penny sterling for every acre thereof, to commence the first day of March subsequent to the time of survey, and for so doing this shall be your war-

signified

to

rant.

Given under my hand and seal of the land by virtue of certain powers of said proprietors at Philadelphia this 17th day of March office

1762

To John Lukens

Secy. General

James Hamilton.

On

the outside of this warrant found the following" figures

were

March 17th 1762 Cumberland County. The heirs and devisees of the late Conrad

fl'67, 1672

This shows that all the land upon which Selinsgrove now stand- was originally owned by the heirs of Conrad Weiser, the interpreter. First

\ J

Ret'd 15th July. 1833 on island 344.04 Ret'd Apr, 22 1795 265,127 Ret'd Dec, 9 180it, no patent for this at that time. '

X umber

120

Whites Floating Down Susquehanna

white men of whom we have any record as passing through t! try were a colony of iermans who, hav-

The

first

(

ing become dissatisfied with the treatment they received from the author' of Xew York, in 1723. under the £ ance of a friendly Indian, floated down the Susquehanna on their way to Tulpehocken. Conrad Weiser followed in May we 1729 and his father in 1745.

not believe that these col ing eyes upon the bruad expanse where the Xorth and West Branches meet, as well as upon the beautiful level tract of land on the west shore, crowned by the mighty kings of the forest? They did not forget the scene, and as soon as the land had been purchased from the In-

made

)

Conrad

also granted to the heirs of

Weiser.

dians,

YVviser

745^ 414^

was

W3

many this

their

retrace* 1

their

and

steps

permanent home.

The

Idrichs, Fischers, Gemberlings, YYeis Faulings, Jarretts. are a few families that came from Berks county.

White traders frequented this valley as. early as 1730. A letter sent by tl ware Indians to the Governor, dated 17^0. states that John hu I

Although this warrant was issued the same year in which the Albany treaty was made, in 1754, no survey was made

Hart, two Shamokin traders, had ace panied some of their men on a hunt trip and that John Hart had been

1762, eight years later, when the This Indian troubles had been settled. shows that the Indians were hostile to Weiser. From the original plans of survey, now in possession of Mr. Schnure, it is seen

dentallv shot and killed.

until

676 acres were surveyed for the Weiser heirs on the Isle ^i One and 756 n the mainland the latter beginning at a point on Perm's creek, near Sassafras street, and extending south to Middlecreek. The northern part of this was formerly known as Weisersburg and is sometimes called by this name at present, that

:

although

it

is

now

a part of Selinsgrove

proper. 17

From an old deed, bearing date d )2, we find that the land north oi this

(

First

When

White the

Settlers on Penn's Creek

fust

was made here

is

permanent a mat:.

Meginness. in his Branch, states that an -

'.

ment

existed

creek as early

at at

-

1

the

fxtens

mouth of

1745. nine

\.

Perm's

irs

the Albanv treaty. le g ing as names of the early settlers: I

J.

George Auchmudy, Sourktll, George Snabble, well. John McCahan. Edniuil thews. John Young, Mark Curry, William Daren, John Simui is, J Lerov.

•

Daniel Braugh. Dennis Mucklehennv, Georg

hart.

1

un.

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

206

«*»f-Ki

7*$FO *5*

V*

'.

*£«B*

'

»*»'

4

W-r;

V

K

^rw:

SUSQUEHANNA RIVKK NKAR SELIXSCROVE,

As is

the bresent mouth of Penn's creek about two miles south of the town, it

may be well at this point to state that before the Pennsylvania canal was built the creek branched a short distance above

PA.

the land lying west of the town the following names are copied: John McCahan. Arthur Auchmudy, Patrick

and Robert Simmons.

the

town and emptied into the Susquehanna by two mouths. The main stream,

The question may well be asked: Were Arthur Auchmudy and Robert Simmons the sons of George Auchmudy

Penn's creek proper, flowed due and emptied into the Susquehanna half a mile above town a part flowed due south along the route now taken by the creek and flowed into the river about two miles below town, as stated above, being known as the Cut of Penn's creek, Island creek and Back creek. When at

and John Simmons, and was John McCahan, whose house stood here in i~ 2, the same as the one mentioned ab If he was and the story of the Indian massacre is true that only one mar. raped, who spread the alarm then this John McCahan must have been the man.

called

east

;

this

early

date

is mentioned, one above town.

creek

mouth

the it

of

Penn's

always means the

Location of First Settlement

At present

there is quite a controversy among local historians as to whether the settlement actually was at the mouth of Penn's creek or whether it extended along Perm's creek as far as Xew Berlin. The records show that in 1755 one of the families named above, that of Jacob LeOn the roy, lived near Xew Berlin.

other hand we have records to show that some of the above mentioned families lived here after the Indian massacre. From a chart of the Isle of Que' and of

—

The records

tell

—

us that the children

supposed to have been carried away into captivity, as no dead bodies of them v. found. Auchmudy and Simmons no doubt were among these and wen wards rescued and returned to their mer homes. I

Whence Meginness derived his information as to the date of the first set! ment, the author has not been abU I

The correctness of his cover. may well be doubted heear.se at this very time the Shamokin Indians plaining to the government and asking the removal oi the squatters who had It ;> n settled along the Juniata. that they would have submitted to hi -

wh

A SHORT HISTORY OF SELINSGROVE thein settle so near to their headquarters,

without protesting.

The probability is that the date should read 1754 instead of 1745, and that the settlement extended along Penn's creek for ten miles. From the time when the first whites made

their appearance in this community up to 1754 the most amicable relations existed between them and the Indians. It is

true that the Indians protested

when

the whites attempted to settle permanently upon their ground; but traders, missionaries and travelers always found a

friendly welcome and ample protection when among the Indians of this vicinity.

Shekellemy's headquarters, five miles above Selinsgrove, was the regular stopping-place

of

all

who came

into

this

neighborhood. Indians Becoming Suspicious and Hostile

After the death of the old chief matters began to change for the worse. Xor are the Indians alone to blame for this, but the greater blame rests with the whites; not satisfied with what they had already gained from their red-skinned brethren, they were constantly encroaching upon their hunting-grounds, taking possession of the most fertile spots and building their homes without even asking "by your permission." Experience had taught the Indians that they could expect little relief from the government, and they no doubt felt that the time had come when they must take the law into their own hands. Too often had they been cheated, and they began to realize that when the white man offered them his tight hand in greeting he stole with his left all he possibly could he professed to be a friend in order to take advantage of their kindly feeling and defraud them. Take, for example, the case of Conrad :

Xowhere had he stauncher friends than among the Indians of this vicinity. Through Shekellemy. their chief, he reached all the other tribes, who Weiser.

trusted and believed in him as they trusted their own chief. They believed that he would never lend himself to any-

thing that would rob them oi their lawful rights. Rut when in 1754 they sawthat Conrad Weiser did all in his power to have the Six Nations sign awav their

207

claims to this beautiful valley, beginning at the very door of their "great house, including their sacred burial-ground, and when in the same year the government granted to Weiser 2000 acres of the finest land at the very door of the house" of Shamokin, including their burial-ground, they had ample reasons for believing that Weiser had played them false, for to them this grant must have looked like our modern graft. That Conrad Weiser had done a good work for the country at large and that he' had earned all that he received and more, no one will dispute nor would any one charge him with having done it in order to benefit himself or for the sake of the 2000 acres of land. To under'

;

stand, however, what led up to the massacre that took place here, we must look at the transaction from the standpoint of the Indians and ask ourselves how we would have interpreted such action. The granting of the land by the propria and the acceptance thereof by \\\ indiscreet. The transacthe last straw that broke the camel's back. Conrad Weiser was almost the last man they had trusted, but now they had lost all their confidence in him. To them the time seemed propitious to assert their rights and to pr against the encroachments of the whi Braddock's defeat also emboldened them.

were both very

was

tion

Massacre of Settlers on Penn's Creek

Their first raid was upon the settlers living along Penn's creek, at a point just across the boundary-line oi the new chase. The line began one m:\ here the mouth oi Penn's creek. near where George Schoch's tarn; |

-

:

According the attack was is.

lated

now

settlers

stands.

to first

near

the

I

made Upon where

Among

the iso-

Xew

Berlin

those killed

•

(Kdnig), Leroy. who had lately come from Switzerland, and of the Leiningers, father and elder Jacob King

I

s

The Indians then came down men as they went along and men carrying the children an awav with them they also burnt the dwellings and destroyed the ci Only t'

killing all the

:

-

one man is reported who. though severe! v

I

wounded,

made

:

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

208

b:ick inhabitants except us, the Subscribers, with a few more who are willing to stay and endeavour to defend the Land; but as we are not able of ourselves to defend it I r

these

"

m

^i

/V

want of Guns and Ammunition, and but few in number, so that without assistance we mun fly and leave the Country to the mercy of the We. ther- ore. humbly desire yt Enemy. your Honour would take the same into your great Consideration, and order some speedy relief for the Safety of these back Settlements, and be pleased to give us speedy orders what to do, and as in duty bound we will for ever pray, &c.

-

*«'

»?

George Clewell, Ar. Gates Auehmuty, John McCahon,

i I

Abraham

Soverhill,

Edmund Mathews, Mark Curry, William Doran, Dennis Mucklehenny John Young,

and

Barbara

whom much FIRST EV. LUTHERAN CIU'RCII AT SELIXSGROVE, PA.. 1S2D-1S&I

way

his

settlement

nearest

the

to

—

port and petition to Philadelphia

The

petition

of

we

the

authorities

at

George Snobble. George Aberheart, Dan'l Braugh. George Lyne. Cutfrith Frvar.*

Regina

Leiniitger,

women

carried

Headquarters

to Shekellemy's

Visit

of

has been said and written,

were among the young away.

and

spread the alarm. Where this settlement was the author has not been able to discover, but in all likelihood it was farther down the river perhaps at Port Trevorton. Whoever they were, they hastened to the scene of murder, buried the dead and prepared and sent the following re-

Jacob Simmons, Conrad Craymer, George Fry,

As can be well imagined, the massacre spread terror and consternation throughThe remaining out the whole region. settlers

were

at the

They were few

in

mercy of the Indians. numbers, lived

scat-

tered over a vast territory, and did not even have the means to defend themas the above report shows, they selves ;

were short of guns and ammunition. This Subscribers, living

the

near the Mouth of Penn's Creek on the West side of the Susquehannah, Humbly sheweth That on or about the Sixteen of this Instant. October, the Enemy came down upon said Creek and killed, scalped & carried away

Colonial

Records.

Vol. VI,

p.

647-S.

:

.

.

.

.

all

amounting

Men.

the to

25

Women &

Persons

in

wounded one man who

.

Children,

number,

and

fortunately made his Escape and brought us in the News; whereupon we, the Subscribers, went out and buried the Dead, whom we found most barbarously found but [3 murdered and scalped. which were men and elderly women. & one Child of two weeks old. the rest being young Women & Children we suppose to be carried away Prisoners; the house (where we suppose they finished their Murder), we found burnt up, the man of it named Jacob King, a Swissar, lying just by it; He lay on his back barbarously burnt and two Tomhawks sticking in his forehead: one of the Tomhawks marked newly with W. D. we have sent to your Honour. The Terror of which has drove awav all

mT> •

r

? jt

-*.

We

!»-.

present DROVE,

i:v.

u

PA.,

tiikkan Bftl.T

IN

GEXSZL.ER.

rnritrtl VT SKl.l.V ISS4, REV, *.. W.

PASTOR

A SHORT HISTORY OF SELIXSGROVE massacre took place October 14 and

The party who went

15,

the rescue would hardly be ready to send a report to the authorities before the sixteenth or seventeenth at least it was not till the twentieth that the news reached Harris's party of forFerry, now Harrisburg. ty-five under the command of John Harris at once set out for the scene of the murder, where they found that the report was only too true. They found other victims and after having buried them proceeded to the headquarters of Shekellemy, five miles up the river. They did this, it is alleged, upon the earnest solicitation of John Shekellemy and Old Belt. This would seem to indicate that this outrage was the act of some roving band to

;

A

without orders that the chiefs the whites.

from headquarters, and

now

When

feared the w rath of they arrived at headr

quarters they found a civil, though cool reception. During the night they overheard a conversation to this effect: "What are the English come for?" "To kill us, I suppose." "Can we not send some of our nimble young men to give notice to our friends?" "They can soon be here." After this they joined in a war-song and four of their number, well armed, entered two canoes, one going down, the other across the river. As the morning dawned, they were anxious to get away, in view of what they had heard, and after having given a few presents they set out on their return. In the meantime, however, they had been

warned by Andrew

Montour, a half-

breed, not to go down the west side of the river, as he believed it to be dangerous. Those familiar with this neighborhood can well understand why they should have desired to go down the west side rather than the east, for not only would the traveling be easier, as this is a level stretch for many miles, while on the east the mountains and hills butt out to the very edge of the river they may also have thought it much safer, as the east side afforded the Indians many places in ;

which to hide. Harris and his party paid no heed to the warning, either believing Montour

209

to be a party to the treacherous Indians,

or that they could defend themselves better in the open country. All went well until they came to the point where Penn's creek divides its waters, half way between Schnure's dam and the countybridge, where for many years the Main sawmill stood.

Another Attack by the Indians

As

they were crossing this stream the Indians, \vho lay concealed on the south side

of

the

creek,

men

fell

upon them and

Harris about fifteen others made at once for cover behind trees and that they killed four Indians, while they lost three more men. Seeing that they were outnumbered, Harris and the remainder of his men made for the river and struck out for the other side. Unfortunately for them there is a deep channel in the river about half way across, and in going over this five men were drowned. Had they been a short distance above or below this point, they might easily have waded over without danger, unless the river happened to be Harris himself had a remarkswollen. As he was about to .enter able escape. killed four

states

that

at the first fire.

himself

and

the river, a fat doctor,

who had accom-

panied them, begged to be allowed to mount behind him, which Harris grant-

They had gone but a when a bullet from an

ed.

short distance, Indian's rifle

struck the doctor in the back and he fell mortally wounded into the river. Another bullet struck his horse and Harris was compelled to swim the rest of the

way.

Those who afterwards came to bury dead marked the spot where this battle occurred by driving a wedge into a young linden sapling. One hundred and thirty years afterward this sapling had the

grown

to be a tree over three feet in diameter, with the mark of the wedge plainly visible. Some years afterwards the flood broke it down and H. D. Schmire had the remains of the old timebeaten stump brought to his home, where it now remains, the only witness of that terrible tragedy.

(To be concluded)

I

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

210

i

HOUSE ALONG THE CHAMBERSBURG PIKE, NEAR GETTYSBURG. Said

to

have been occupied by

General

Lee during the Battle,

Where Were General

July

1-3,

E'A.

1S63

Lee's Headquarters at

Gettysburg? BY HENRY

S.

MOVER, ALLENTOWN,

MISINFORMED house shown

and

historians

battlefield-guides in

designate

our

first

the

illus-

tration as that wherein the great Confederate chieftain had his headquarters during the battle of Gettysburg, but the facts are against this house as well as any other

house or houses on that battlefield. Even William H. Tipton, the battlefield photographer, labels it as General Lee's headquarters, as our reproduction of his picture shows. Mr. J. M. Yanderslice. the mouthpiece of the Battlefield Memorial Association, writes on page 140 of his book "Gettysburg Then and Now": "Lee's headquarters was in a brick house, on the Chanibersburg road, in the rear of and near the seminary." Colonel John

pa.

(all rights reserved.)

B. Bachelder, Government historian of the battle, on his isometrical drawing of battlefield, General Lce"s the placed headquarters among the group of houses in the same vicinity but his mistake is excusable, as his isometrical dra\ was made less than ninety days after the battle was fought, before the "other side" could be consulted and asked to affirm or deny the assertions oi the Government In his later maps he did not historian. repeat this error, but corrected it. as the writer knows and will prove in the course of this article. Since the editor and publisher of this magazine have requested me to present ;

the facts of this ease as I found them. article will in the beginning necessar-

my

:

:

GENERAL take a

ily

LEE'S

somewhat personal

turn,

which

vania College, at Gettysburg, when some of the material of this article was gathered. The courtesies extended to him by Dr. Croll, then plain Mr. Croll, and the different members of the faculty of both college and seminary, will always remain a most pleasing remembrance.

The writer has always entertained an exalted opinion of General Lee,, not only as a military leader, but as a man of moral worth, and his desire was to behold the spot where this great American general had his headquarters. I was directed to the modest house here repictured, which stands on the crest of Seminary Ridge, north of the Chambersburg pike. It was on one of those beautiful early April mornings when the earth seems to make an effort to rejuvenate itself. On entering the yard I found an old lady sitting on the porch, enjoying the morning sunlight. To me she appeared to be about eighty years old, yet well preserved. After the usual salutation and self-introduction, I asktd her if she had any objection to answer a few questions upon which I was seeking information. She told me that it would be a pleasure for her to give me any information she could. The following were the questions asked and 1.

Did you occupy "Yes,

this

Some neighbors had formed me that

3-

in

all

fled

previously

when

in-

the battle

the

second question

Did you occupy

this

house the whole of

more 2.

1,

made

began, so

July

house on July

sir."

I

specific:

1863? "Yes. sir, I never left it." Did General Lee have his headquarters

1,

this

house?

"No,

Are you sure

sir."

Lee was never house? "Yes. sir. I can positively assure you that General Lee was never in this 4-

that General

in this

house."

did not doubt the old lady's word then, nor have I done so since, as there was no occasion for it. The answers were given in a straightforward and digI

211

manner. This appeared to me sufproof that General Lee did not have his headquarters in the house that has been designated as such. nified

ficient

To

point out the identical spot where Confederate chieftain had his

this great

headquarters during that memorable conflict is well nigh an impossibility, as the natural and

artificial

objects

associated

with it have long ago passed away. It can only be done approximately. General

Imboden, C.

S.

A.,

in

his

article,

"The Confederate Retreat from Gettysburg," in "Battles and Leaders of the Civil War," Vol. Ill, page 420, writes thus 11 p. m. a horseman came to summon to General Lee. I promptly mounted and

About

me

accompanied by Lieutenant George W. McPhail, an aid on my staff, and guided by the courier who brought the message, rode about two miles towards Gettysburg to where half a dozen small tents were pointed out, a little way from the roadside to our left, as Genfor the night. When a sentinel at one of his staff awake. invited me into his tent, and

eral Lee's headquarters

we

arrived there

was not even

and no Page 421 He as soon as we were seated he remarked Page 422: As I was about leaving to his tent,

:

.

.

.

re-

turn to my camp, as late. I think, as 2 a. m., he came out of his tent to where I was about to mount, and said in an undertone: ''I will place in your hands," etc.

According to the above General Lee's headquarters were in tents, not in a house. This can be abundantly proven by living witnesses, as the following letters will

answers given

1863?

:

HEADQUARTERS AT GETTYSBURG

the reader will understand and condone. In the spring of 1874 the writer visited his friend and former associate, Reverend Dr. P. C. Croll, founder of this magazine, who was then a ''soph" in Pennsyl-

the

:

show

Richmond. Va., Nov. 8. 1006. Sir Kt. Henry S. Mover. Allen Commandery. K. T., Allentown, Pa. Dear Sir and Brother Your favor of the 4th received concerning the headquarters of Gt?n. Lee at Gettysburg. You are at pe^ liberty to use my letter in whole or in part, as you may deem wise, in refuting the long continued and repeated error of guides at Gettysburg in designating any house, as Gen. Lee's headquarters. With much esteem. I remain. Respectfully yours.

—

J.

The following

is

Thompson Bkown.

that part of the letter

referred to above

Your favor

of

the

answer deterred. SO

:?oth

ult.

received,

and

could get you exact information in reference to General Lee's headquarters at Gettysburg. I

:

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN -'^^TV^''-V.^-

.fc.

..

-r--:-!,

,*% I "*•

SECTION OF A MAI* OK THE GETTYSBURG BATTLEFIELD on Col, Bachelder's Revised Isometrlca! Drawing And Published In Samuel P. Bates's Rtsb ixania Volunteers lxii-f.:.. Vol. IV. On this map General Lee's headquarters sre correctly located ««e regret that this reproduction is somewhat marred by reverse Impressions caused by the folding of the oris

k'> about 34.000. of which probably more than one half is of Germanic ancestry. Onr of a population of about 550,000 in the entire province over 50.000 are of the same or: The Scotch are the most numerous in Xova Scotia New Scotland: next in order are the English and Irish, while the German and French are nearly equal in '.

er

—

numbers. Note.

— The

sketches had his burg county. X. summer of 1SS5.

writer

home

stark,

ist

es.

verloscht ihren Schein.

doch im Sturme

vertliegt sie.

kraftige Wind^braut, die Erde besiegt sie. Erde. die Riesin. der Mann, er bezahmt sie. Manner sind stark, doch der Rummer, er lahmt

sie.

Der machtigste Kummer. dem YVein unterliegt er. Der YVein ist zwar stark, doch im Schlafe verfliegt er. Was da ist, muss sich beugen. wohin ich auch schau'; Doch Eins bandigt alios, und das ist die Frail.

WOMAN THE STRONGEST

FORCE

(Said to be of Ethiopic Origin) is strong, tire always can fuse it: has a master, for water subdu. The sun drinks the water, as greater in mif Till the clouds, ever growing, extinguish his light

Tho' iron

And

fire

The stormwind

the masses of cloud quickly scatters, his fury still vainly he batters. This solid old earth pays tribute to man. grief will disable, if nothing els* can.

But the earth

in

Whom

The wine-cup

these

the keenest of sorrows will banis But the strength oi the wine in slumber will vanish Each force in succession must yield and fall But Woman, forsooth, is the victor of all.

fa

Mahone Bay. Lunen-

MACHT DER FRAU

Doch das Dunkel der Wolke Wolke

of at

5. from July.

(Angeblich athiopischen Ursprungs) So stark auch das Eisen, das Feuer besiegt es; Das Feuer ist stark, doch dem Xass unterliegt Das Wasser. das starke, die Sonne schliirft ein,

Die Die Die Die

251

[8j

:

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

25-

A

Short History of Selinsgrove DY REV.

W. GEXSZLER, SELINSGROVE, PA.

G.

(Concluded)

Vain Appeals

THE

colonists

Avengers Soon Disbanded

Governor

to the

appealed

vain to for some

in

Governor for aid reason the Governor suppressed their appeals and reports of these outrages. He no doubt was waiting for instruction from the proprietors and was afraid that, if he should advise the Assembly of the actual state of affairs on the frontier, they might make a move the

;

not in accord with the wishes 01 the proprietors and he would have to bear the blame. What the actual state of affairs was, we can learn from a letter sent by Richard Peters to Conrad Weiser, which reads as follows Oct.

18th,

1755.

This is a private letter to tell you that we all blame the Governor very much" for not laving before the Assembly all the Indian news. Your letter of the 4th of October, and Croghan's information to Charles Swaine .* But as he is determined not to say anything more to the Assembly till he hears from the King's I am put under intolerable difficulties.

By advise of Mr. Allen I showed the Speaker, in confidence, George Croghan's letter to Charles Swaine, and likewise your letter of the 4th of October, 'tis last i" did as I told him. to be informed of what and was come to respecting the Indians, but said I had no orders from the Governor to show to him. This is certainly disagreeable work, but I could not rest until (the) contents of your letter and Swaine's was somehow made known to them, that they may take measures out of the Governor for the lives of people are not to be played with, not thrown away because the two parts of the Legislature differ, at least I am determined not to be accessory to such a I moved (?) (leave it) to you whether step. in this unhappy difference you should not write to the Speaker as well as to the GovPity me dear ernor, at least all the news. Conrad and take off from my mind all that you can. Give full accounts, give full and clear advise, say everything you shall judge proper and notwithstanding public differences, make

known

The

(This •

is

yours

once informed the Governor oi the and urged prompt action. When the news reached Conrad \\V. delay sent out a general he- without alarm, calling upon the neighbors to rally to the defense of their countrymen. Five hundred responded to the call and when told what had taken place declared with one voice that they would follow where Weiser would lead and avenge

Pennsylvania

Colonial

Records,

Vol.

Pktf.rs.

VI.

pp.

C»0-

642. t Prom the manuscript collation of Conrad Weiser'a corresponoVnce, In possession of the Pennsylvania Ill>-

torlcal

Society.

deed.

foul

this

Before they reached Harri-burg, however, they, for some reasuii. di>banded It was and returned to their homes. about this time that the Indians abandoned their headquarters at the forks of the Susquehanna, burned their town. Shamokin, and withdrew from this region. The fact that they burned their town shows that they never intended to return they had learned by experience that when the white man once lays his hand upon anything he never will let go. Soon after this the Governor, for the protection of the remaining whites and as from a harrier to keep the red men floating down the river and falling upon ;

the

settlers

down

farther

the

stream,

gave orders that a fort should be at the point where the North and West Branches meet, on the site of the old Indian camping-ground. This was known as Fort Augusta.

The building

of this fort afforded the

needed protection to

possession

take

those who wished of the newly purSoon large numl rs

to

chased territory. to this region and began to

Hocked their

homes

in the trackless

The Pioneers

A R.

first

state of affiairs

ft.

private) t

Indians, emboldened by their

at

to both sides all the particulars that are

am

Augusta

success, kept the frontier in terror by Harris upon his return their outrages.

absolutely necessary. I

— Fort

draft

house on

made

in

b

forests.

of Selinsgrove

176a

ground

stl

NTS

now

embr.. within the borough-limits of Sefil 5g that oi John McCauken. An ol states that George Gabriel also haJ the

—

i

:

A SHORT HISTORY OF SELIXSGROVE

SUSQUEHANNA UNIVERSITX AT SELIXSGROVE, house on the ground, but where it stood I have not been able to discover. Among others who came here at an early date were John Adam and Jacob Adam Fischer, who purchased the lower part of the Isle of Que from the heirs of Conrad Weiser. Their descendants still own

Benjamin land and live there. this Weiser, a -son of the interpreter, built himself a cabin a little north of the Fischer estate, near where the old log He was of a very regrocery stood. tiring

disposition.

It

is

said

his

that

house was so surrounded by brush that was invisible until you stood at the very door.

it

.

pioneer was Conrad Weiser, a grandson of the interpreter,

Another

who made

early

his

home on

the mainland and

It out a town called Weisersburg. bc'g an where the opera-house now stands and extended south along Market street

laid

it

its

is

now embraced by To

of Selinsgrove.

the borough-limday the older

this

people sometimes refer to burg.

Some

it

historians claim that

der, a brother to

as Weisers-

John Snythe Gov-

Simon Snyder,

town, but before he had time to dispose of any of the lots he was thrown from a fractious horse and killed. Whether this is true and, if so. what he intended to call the town I have not been able to discover. From several old deeds that 1 have examined I am persuaded that those historians are in the wrone: these deeds show that all ernor, laid out the

first

ground

the

stands was

made

PA.

upon

which

the heirs oi Conrad in the transfer no mention

of Snyder.

Laying Out the Town

Anton

Selinsgrove

owned by

Weiser. and is

253

Selin.

to these parts

a

— Lots

Drawn by Lot

Swiss Catholic, came

soon after the Revolution.

That he took an active part in this war we infer from the fact that he was honored with a captain's commission. also a member of the >

was

He :'

the

Cincinnati, and his certificate oi mi bership. signed by George Washington, is now in the possession of Mr. Jl. D,

Schnure, one of his many descendants. After coming here he married the ter of John and Simon Snyder, purchased the ground north of the Conrad Weiser tract, had it surveyed and laid out in lots and made an attempt to disThis was the oric pose of them. town oi Selin's Grove, beginning, on the south, at a point near where the operahouse now stands and running north along the public highway leading from Harrisburg to Northumberland, now -

known as Market street. The manner in which

Selin of the lots will no doubt prove of Intel to the reader. It was as follows: Plans and Conditions oi Sel:nsgrc>

The doop.

lots arc titty toot front ami s except the lots from number

which

\

one hntnl deep Conditions for purchase .'.re as As soon as eighty lots ire each purchaser shall he determined by eight,

one

.ire

*!:

to

;

.

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

254

under the inspection of chosen, honest men, who shall be appointed judges to supering,

intend

drawing,

the

so

each

that

purchaser

coming out against his name, a book of which shall be kept, and shall

have

the

lot

lodged with the judges for that purpose; that the proprietor engages, as soon as the drawing is completed, to convey to each purchaser and indisputable title, free from clear a ground-rent forever, to his lot or lots, with all privileges set forth in the plan, the purchaser to be at the expense of said title. Lots shall be reserved for the use of religious societies.

The 57, 54

proprietor reserves the lots Xos.

and

2,

55,

Each purchaser shall receive a ticket for a and have his name enrolled in a book to be kept for that purpose, on paying the sum of five pounds. Ticket.

Northumberland County. Selin's

(No

entitles the bearer to such lot as against its number, free from

drawn

forever, agreeable tions of the plan of said town.

ground-rent

First House

to

the

condi-

and First Business-Place

John Kern, a watch-maker, is reported to have built the first house in the newly It stood on the corner of laid out town. Pine street and Strawberry alley, halfway between Market street and the

When asked why he did not creek. build up in the town, he answered that He there never would be a town there. had good grounds

for saying this;

most

of the people preferred to live nearer to the river, since this was the natural highway and almost all the traveling was done bv boat and raft. Besides, another town had been laid out by a certain

Charles Drumm This town was

the market for the whole of Snyder county and the other counties lying the west. Some of the stores employed

from ten

to fifteen clerks.

Selinsgrove a Borough

— Two

Bad

Fires

As

early as 1827 Selinsgrove, by an act of the Legislature, was incorporated into a borough; but the opposition of citizens of Penn's township was bo sti uous that the next Legislature 1828

repealed the act. It was not till Sept 24, 1853, that the court of Union county decreed that Selinsgrove should be a borough. George Schnure. one of the leading citizens, was elected the first burgess.

On the night of February 21. 1S72. Selinsgrove was visited by a great conflagration. Before the fire could be got under control much valuable property was destroyed. recovered from to

justice of the peace.

The first place of business of which we have anv record was a tavern, opened In i8o_\ the by Anton Selin in 1784. year the first church was built, there That "were at least three taverns here. the people in those days were heavy the fact that in

Hardly had

th
thereforthe barn were to -mall. cided that I sh< u!d stand within the d 5

1

space, on a platform. lings

and

set

people

the

thing passed I

*.

*

I

$&*&&£&&£ ^% W*&**-?*-:+

at

Salem and for work here?

this

mean v.

out

off well.

during

I

nv.

I I

stood on the platform

whose shade prot ected nd the gThe people occupied r. sward in the yard. During :he singing and between two

tree-,

prayer everybody stood up reverently,

GOV. SNYDER'S MANSION AT SRL1NSGROVE, Built in 1815. N..\v owned by Horace Alhman

the

hold

could

was done and

This

In the

would brine? some twenty them up to afford ikad

people)

(the

I

I'A.

reason abandoned

ing the sermon they rested under the shade Methinks I never saw a of the trees. solemn occasion. Before the sermon I baptized eighteen chilhave But then dren, all in a row. been more if it had not rained yesterday. In the introduction I referred that they had invited me to declare the sel of God concerning their salvation, and that I

I

First Lutheran Service in this Region

That

this

church

at

Salem was

at first

would now do this at My text was Acts 16:30ft*: ••What mus: 1 do to be saved?"' etc. The people were unusually attentive. Would that we might consider what a privtlef to have the Word of God in hand ar.d Ik proclaimed so frequently! But before the 1

intended for all the Lutherans west of the Susquehanna is evident but those living along the river do not seem to have joined heartily in the movement, for I find only a few names from this vi-

tion.

cinity on the list of subscribers. The first Lutheran service in this locality of which we have any record was held a short distance below town, on the Isle of Que, June 29, 1 77 1, by Rev. Frederic A. Muhlenberg, who was a son of Henry Melchior Muhlenberg and at this time pastor of the Lutheran church at Tulpehocken. In company with Conrad Weiser he made a trip to the place which afterwards became Selinsgrove. He arrived at the home of Benjamin Weiser, on the Isle of Que, June 27. Confessional services were to be held on the 28th, but owing to the heavy rains and the high water no one was able to come. The next day, the weather being fair, a large crowd gathered, coming from up and down the river, who reported that.

held a confessional service, and persons partook of the Lord's S God grant that it may redound At first I would salvation to them. willing to preach the second time, but The people had three 'o'clock already. dured the heat: they were hungry and and were far from home. Therefore it C no; be done.

;

owing

the swollen condition of the river, half the people that had intended to come were compelled to stay at home. to

In order that we may understand how the people living in that day amidst the savage wilds hungered and thirsted for the Bread of Life. I will lure insert what Muhlenberg savs of the occasion.

men

I

1

sixty

:

:

Since

is

it

established

an

that

fact

Muhlenberg preached here and

no:

Salem, as the earlier historians may we not surmise that other

clain

were held hero occasionally

s

I

as Knderlein. Wall VVe are led to believe this the fact that Rev. Janensky ii/X^. succeeded Knderlein. the regular past of Salem and Freeburg, preached occasionally, and that in 180a K,[ting pastors

-

others?

:

Herbst,

who was

was

the

at

same

The Building

The

of

the regular tin*

hrst distinct

into our

S

lenu

Sharon Union Chu:

record that has

hands is a subscription bearing date January 1, 1801, This seems to indicate that a: al meeting resolutions were adoj leu

1

A SHORT HISTORY OF SELINSGROVE new church. reads as follows:

erect a list

The beading

of this

We, t^c undersigned, promise to pay to the building-committee who shall be hereafter elected, to build a Union Church, Lutheran and Reformed, in Selins Grove, in such a manner as shall be determined by the united vote of both congregations. The correct sum, which we have written over against our names, shall be ordered and paid at such time and in such a manner as shall be decided b\ the united vote of both congregations.

On

this list

148 pounds and 22

257

beginning a revival and introducing the mourners' bench, the conservative ment of the church elected a new council and locked the door.- upon the psu

Thereupon he and

his foil

.

nong

whom

were the wealthiest and most influential members of the community, organized themselves into a new congregation and erected a new place ship, on the opposite side of th a short distance further north. The church was called Trinity Evangelical 1

shil-

were subscribed. The writer has hand several other lists, all in German, making the total amount 471 pounds, 18 shilling's and 3 pence, or $2284.22. The ground upon which the church was to be erected was donated by Conrad Weiser, Jr., who also gave another lot for school-purposes and one for a burial-ground. Work was now begun on the church. The corner-stone was laid June 7, 1802. The dedication took place the following year. The church was 40 by 38 feet, built of fine pine logs, and stood until 1885, when it was torn down and the present structure built in its place. The church is now known as the First Evangelical Lutheran in the earlier days, it was called die Sarons-Kirche. lings

in

Lutheran church. That the Eirst church was saved to the General Council is chiefly due to the More than Fishers and (Jlrichs. hundred members withdrew and joined Trinity, while only about one hundred I

remained. At present the membership of Eirst church is 350. and Trinity re;

the

300. ^pal conIn 1848 the Met' gregation erected a place of worship on :

Water

street,

above Line.

ling

1

:

Other Churches of Selinsgrove

The Lutherans and Reformed worshiped- here in harmony until the year 1855, when the Reformed members, under the leadership of Rev. Clement Z. Weiser, late of East Greenville, decided to erect their own place of worship. The separation was made in a peaceful manner, the

Lutherans paying $1000 Reformed.

for the

interests of the

The Reformed erected their new place of worship at the north end oi the town. a short distance beyond the railroad, where they have been worshiping ever

1

_

til

since.

1

In 1843, Rev- J- p Schindel, the Lutheran pastor, attempted to introduce into the congregation the new revival -

measures. The better element in the con" gregation seriously opposed this movenu-tot as being foreign to the doctrine oi the

Lutheran Church.

But

when Mr.

Schindel, backed by the vestry, persisted-

.

....~.

\ihmmd I

:

v

1.

_i« w

.

1

SIMON ro OOV SRLIXSCROYR, P

S3 I

it

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

258

was destroyed

in the fire of 1875.

—

-

—

;

—

First

Schoolhouse

— Susquehanna

University

The Lutheran and Reformed congregation, in the early part of the last cen-

began the erection of a schoolhouse on the lot donated by Conrad Weiser,

tury,

Jr.

A

subscription

circulated

for

this

purpose is in the hands of the writer. This schoolhouse was built in the form of an eight-sided polygon and was known as "the Pepper-Box." The present opera-house occupies the site. A log schoolhouse was also built upon the site where the present schoolhouse stands. This was at first intended as a Reformed church. In 1870 this was torn down and a two-story brick building The fire of 1874 destroyed this erected. building and the present one took its place in 1876. Another school-building

on the in 1876.

Que

was erected

1830 and rebuilt Several years ago it was aban-

Isle of

in

doned for school-purposes, the scholars being transferred to the town-school. At present this building is used as the townalmshouse.

The

The

following year the present building was erected. At one time this was a strong and influential congregation, but having no material to draw from, as the surrounding country is strongly Lutheran 55-5 P er ccnt of a ^ the people in Snyder county being Lutherans the membership has dwindled until at present they have less than one hundred. The Baptists had built a church here in i860, which was destroyed by fire in At pres1872,. and was never rebuilt. ent no Baptist people are living here. Mary Snyder, a descendant of Governor Snyder, a short time before her death (1900) began the erection of an Episcopal Church but before it was completed she died. By her will it was discovered that she had bequeathed, not only the church, but all her property, to the Central Diocese of Pennsylvania. This was a unique church a church without any members, as there were at the time only a few Episcopalians in the whole county.

boast of the tow:

chief

quehanna University. This school, known as Missionary Inst first ..as founded by Rev. Benjamin Kurfz, D.D.,

at

Selinsgrove was selectee because it offered the bes: ducements, subscribing the sum 112 for this purpose. The object of the in

[858.

the

site

school was to train young men for the gospel ministry of the Lutheran Giurch. The school, however, soon ou* the expectations of its foun the need of a wider scope of education \

'.

I

felt

by

all.

was granted

In 1893 a charter institution,

authorizing

the

to the

trr~

change the name

to Su -quehanna UniThe college course v from two years to four and new build-

versity.

ings were added from time to time. New courses were introduced and the I one was increased, until at i learning of the leading instituti this part of the State. The Susquehanna Female College, founded in 1858. was at one time a flourishing school, but has been abandoned ;

1

for

some

time.

Governor Snyder

— Industries

of

Selinsgrove

The chief person oi whom Selinsg boasts is Simon Snyder, who arose fl the humble rank oi tanner to the exalted position of Governor oi Penns; he held for three also served in the ture, was elected Speaker of the

This

office

terms.

and

He

later

became

a

member

Setiate.

His house, known as the Snyder is still in a good state of innervation and at present owned and by Horace Alleman. Esq. The nor's remains rest in the Lutheran a sion,

tery behind the First theran church, and the Stat< a suitable monument over them. Selinsgrove at present nun en seventeen hundred inhal oi five churches, eight general one planing mill, four h tels I

factory, stores,

two one

shirt--

si

shoe-

•

undertaker,

stores, five doctors

ami twelve mini-

:

)

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

2

1

j

The Hartman Family BY PROF. W.

L.

HARTMAN, PERK 10 M EN SEMINARY, PEXNSBUBG,

PA.

(Concluded from April Number Elizabeth

Hartman

(4)

and Descendants

ELIZABETH HARTMAN daughter

Michael Hartman (3), was born September 18, She was married at Orwigsburg, 8r3 Pa., to Samuel Weiser, and died at Port Clinton in 1854. Mrs. Weiser's family 1

of

.

consisted of thirteen children, as follows

John (5), Samuel (5), Frank (5), Henry George (5), Morgan (5), (5), Michael (5), Charles (5), Amanda (5), (5), Lucretia (5), Priscilla (5) and Elizabeth (5). Of these, seven died in childhood George, Morgan, Michael,

Anna

—

Charles,

Amanda, Anna and

Lucretia.

John Weiser (5) was never married.

He served as a soldier in the Civil War, but never returned. Samuel Hartman Weiser (5) also served in the Civil War, and was an officer in a Pennsylvania company. After his return from the war, he was married in 1867 to Catherine Smaile. He left Pennsylvania in 1872 to settle in Kansas, where he died June 2, 1889. His family consists of eight children: Samuel (6), John (6), Phoebe (6), Willis (6), Curtis (6), Pearl (6), Esther (6) and Ida (6). Samuel Weiser (6) is married to Nancy Hall and resides in Iowa. Their family consists of four children:

Ward

(7),

Elwood

(7),

to Philip Bloyd.

They

Weiser (6) reand is married

are the parents of

two children, Eva (7) and Goldie (7), Willis (6) is married to Jennie Teeple and lives at Harlan, Kansas. He has no children. Curtis (6) is married to Pearl Courtner and their home is at Mankato, Kansas. They also have no children. Pearl (6) is 'married to John St. Clair, of Portis, Kansas. They have one

daughter. Beulah May (7). Esther (6) died in childhood, in 1S04. Ida (6) is single and employed as teacher in the schools of Harlan, Kansas.

is

ment

now

undergoing

in a hospital

for a

wound received Henry Weiser

years ago. a soldier in the Civil

War

treat-

number of

a

(5)

•

and was

after-

Pennsylvania to Anna Petts. He also migrated to the V. though his wife died while he was still living in Pennsylvania. Their children are Henrietta (6) and Matilda (6), who is married to a Mr. Robinson oi S Kansas. Priscilla Weiser 5 is married to John Kershner and resides in Delano, Pa. Their family consists of al>out eight

ward married

in

Elizabeth

children.

Weiser

was

(;•

married to John Crawford, in Read Pa., in 1867, and now resides in Osborne City, Kansas. Her family consists children: Minnie (6), Charles F. Harry J. (6), Samuel W. (6) and I Hartman (6). Charles, Harry and S uel are single, and living at home: Minnie is married to L. M. Xorthway and mother of two children. Frank Earl and Venda Lucille (7), Lotta irl (6) is married to L. W. Po\. «>ne daughter, Gwendolen Mildred ) T'oth Minnie and Lotta reside in Kansas. •

f

'.

:

,

Rebecca Hartman (4) and Descendants

Xora

John Weiser (7) and Margaret (7). (6) is married to Rosa Jones and lives at Harlan, Kansas. He is the father of one son, Elgin (7). Phoebe sides at Fairbury, Neb.,

Frank Weiser (5) wa ^ never married.

He

(4),

Rebecca Hartman (4), daughter of Michael Hartman (3), was bom S tember J. 1820. She is still living and a grand old lady, having attained age oi almost 87 years. She was married to David Schantz, who died a nui years ago. and resides with her da Annie, at 33a Lombard Street. R Mrs. Schanta is the mother oi -ever, chilhn dren William (5 '

'

1

:

(5), (

5)

Catherine

1

.

1

.

5

and Sarah (5),

L Marv

-.nie

5

William

II.

Schantz

5) lives at 1958 X. Patton Street, Philalie is employed as the delphia, He St, James Hotel, in that city. 1

1

tour children: Carolyn becca (6), Clarence \ Raymond 6). Carol) n I

.

[6

S

and Harry

'-

|

in

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

2t.O

ried to Charles E. Rahter, deceased, of Baltimore, and is the motlier of one son,

L recorded

Charles A. (7). Sara Rebecca (6) is married to Lewis Hoffman and also

of Fishing Creek. Columbia Way back in the forties they

son, Howard (j). ClarIn a (6) is living at home. Fourth of July celebration some years ago he received severe injuries from which he has never recovered, and he is now an invalid. Harry R. (6) died in 1903 at the age of about 30 years, unmarried.

where Mr. Lemon ei in let. farming near a village call Mr also a Miss IE Daniel Hartman (4; is married to Elizabeth Keefer and has eight child: William (5), Samuel (5), Eries 1

i

-

(5), Anni< Isaiah (5) and Edwin (5). William iigger and Miss is married to a

Charles

-


at home; Henry. Jr. died in IOOI.

-

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN

270

A

Patriot's BY REV.

Fiery Speech

FRETZ, MILTON, X.

A. J.

many Funk AMONGemigrated from Europe

J.

pioneers

the

that

Pennsylvania

was

to

Frederic

Funk, who came from the Palatinate, in Germany, and landed at Philadelphia September 29, 1733. He left Germany on account of religious persecutions. During the voyage across the ocean a son \vas born to him and named Adam.

'

•

V-c

On

-

landing Frederic Funk placed this son, then seven weeks old, in the care of friends in Philadelphia, went away and was never heard from afterwards.

*

.

Adam Funk ents to

went with his foster-parShenandoah county, Va., and set-

near Strasburg, Va. He married Sarah Long, of Philadelphia, and had a

tled

son, Adam, who was the father of the subject of this sketch. Hon. Isaac Funk was born in Clark county, Ky., Nov. I J, 1797. At the age of ten he moved with his parents to Fayette county, Ohio, where his school-life, all told, was but parts of three winters.

In 1823 Mr.

Funk went

finally settled at

what

is

to Illinois,

until his death in

^i^^\^

as

1865.

four years,

he bought more than 12,000 acres of land and went into debt to the amount of $80,000. At the time of his death he .owned 25,000 acres of land in McLean county, free of debt.

Mr. Funk was a powerful man physifive feet ten and a half inches in height and weighing 200 pounds. In politics he was a Whig, while that party existed. In 1840 he was elected to the cally

^hcuo for the erection of a monument to Com-

modore Barry.

Shall

The

Pk.yxsylvaxi \-Gr.kMAX has been

money for this laudable object. shall be pleased to receive and forward contributions for it. authorized to collect

We

Clippings from Current New

$100 for Lebanon Historical Society At the bi-monthly February meeting of the Lebanon County Historical Society Dr. E. Crumbine, of Mount Zion. was elected president in place of Rev. Dr. F. J. F. Schantz, deceased The Society has been granted an appropriation of $100 by the county-commissioner-, which will enable it to put up shelving and extrjn glass cases for relics and curios accumuiting on the hands of the librarians. '

i*

To Mark General Sullivan's Bridge The Montgomery County Historical Society collecting contributions from its members

for

the

erection

mark die

locality

of a granite monument to of the bridge erected over

Schuylkill at Fatland Ford, near Valley I^Wge, during the winter of 1777-8, bv General Sullivan. The present marker has been r "'edlc, the sprig by Mrs. Joseph Millington, of Philadelphia. The association intends to plant its grounds with trees and shrubbery from historic places in all parts of the world.

English colonist who married Pocahontas, daughter of the Indian king Powl. Though the Exposition is still far from I

complete, the unfinished condition of and grounds was not allowed to interfere the opening day's celebration. open until November 30 next.

It

will

re-

OBITUARIES Alfred D. Yost. M.D.. mayor of Allen: 16. He was born August 13. v ~ in South Bethlehem, as a son of Dr. n C. Yost, whose grandfather. Joseph Yost, had died April

:

M

immigrated from Denmark in the early of the nineteenth century. He was a of Muhlenberg College and the University of Pennsylvania, having begun practice in 1890. He was elected coroner of Leh . \$03 and 1896. and mayor of Allentown in 1904.

Thomas M. Yundt. general seer Home-Mission Board oi the R

Rev. of the

Church

United States, died a: near Allentown '10. 1858. and graduated from Muhlenberg C lege and the Yale Divinity School. In the spring of 1886 he to preach in 1885. took charge of Bethany Orphans' Hom< Womelsdorf, which he superintended very He was cessfully until Aug. 1. 1004. ber of the National Conference of C'n:. and Correction. April

in the

19.

I

He was born

:

-

Opening

of

the J?.mestown Exposition

The Jamestown (Va.) Tercentennial Expowas officially opened by President

sition

Chat with Correspondents Schools and Teachers of Schaefferstown

An

esteemed correspondent

Philadelphia offers the following criticism on that part of Mr. A. S. Brendle's Historical Sketch oi SclnefTerstown which relates to the schools and leading educators of that place: I regret very much to sav that, when I read the Historical Sketch oi Schaefferstown, concluded in the April number was of The Pennsylvania-German, greatly disappointed to find but a single paragraph devoted to the schools of in

1

SchaefTerstown and their teachers.

so happened that I was still a resident of the town at the time oi which the story treats, and therefore am in a position to know It

that there

is

enough material ava

paragraphs with reading concerning the work

fill

inter.

several

-

or

taught who really organi number of years the only b emy Schaefferstown ever had. As a writer of local history, Mr. Brei I

should have presented all t' touched the subject at all. and not ignored the most prominent educat rs given the credit to Others, to whom honor d»K s not belong. This is the trust the m of contention; acknowledged and such r«| %

I

as lies in the writer's p> The writer savs tli.it "forenu

si

CHAT WITH CORRESPONDENTS

287

prominent educators of the town stands Mrs. Emily Pelton Miller," that she was chosen as principal of the local academy and that she filled the position with distinguished ability until the final Now, let us see how close of the school. those statements agree with the facts which my personal knowledge of the situMrs. ation enables me to corroborate. Miller was first brought from Connecticut to take charge of a private or subwhich she taught for scription-school,

a woman of fine executive ability, could be very useful to the cause of higher education. The men who conducted the classical school, Cyrus V. May-, followed by Jacob Rheinsmith and Carl Witmer, were all graduates of Franklin and Marshall College, who came to Schaefferstown properly equipped for their work, which, as already remarked, could have been made the topic of very interesting reading by the local his'orian. There is no doubt that Mrs. Miller's

some time with more than ordinary sucand when she became principal of the so-called academy, which was really never anything more than a grammar-

work

was

the

who

in the primary schools, as well as in grammar-school first taught by Professor Missimer, was much better

the

cess,

than

am

quite sure that no attempt was made to teach either Latin or Greek, for the simple reason that she had very school,

I

any

if

little

classical

training;.

'her,

try er.

When,

make

the cess, but not as one of

new its

the

to

men

who preceded

teachers

referred to. Sincerely yours,

school a sucteachers.

the

would be the last person to to detract from her merits as a teachBut as she never taught or even I

claimed any ability to teach either Latin or Greek, which I have always understood to be an indispensable part of the curriculum of every classical school, the prominent position to which the author of the Sketch endeavored to assign her belongs

however, a number of the leading citizens finally concluded to open a classical school to prepare their sons for college, Mrs. Miller entered heart and soul into the movement, and to her credit be it said that she probably did more than any other individual to

of

that

and

George Mays.

She

Genealogical Notes and Queries This department tion as clearly

and

is open to all our subscribers. Contributors will please state their questions and informabriefly as possible, being particularly careful in writing names and dates. Kor the benefit it is desired that answers to the questions under this head be addressed to the editor of

of readers generally this

magazine.

XXIII. More Schaeffer Data I am hoping that the next number of your magazine will have a little more Schaeffer data. I should like to know the names of the children of Peter Schaeffer, son of George Schaeffer, the pioneer, and whether he was Desires

Peter Schaeffer who lived and died in Berks county. Pa., being the husband of the heroine of the Indian cruelties. Catherine Lorrich the seven-year-old girl who saved the life of her baby sister by carrying her on her »ack three days and more on her way to captivity with the Indians. Cora C. Curry. P. O. Box 2294, Station G, Washington, D. C. the

vices of Benjamin Newland, who went into the American army from York county. Pa., in 1778 or '79. when about sixteen years of age. He had four brother^: Elijah, William.

John

and

—

XXIV. What

of

John Frey?

My

great-great-grandfather, Frey, John born in Germany, served four or five years in •u- Revolution under Captain Fred Miller. He enlisted from Berks county. Pa. I shall be phased to obtain the dates of his birth and death, as well as any other information about h »» Lucy M. Fry. Beatrice,

Neb.

What

of

and one

sister.

ANSWER TO QUERY

NO. XII.

In

reply to

an inquiry

the genealogical

in

column concerning Gottfried Roh. I wish to say that he was the son oi John Roth and wife, ship.

Sophia

Dorothea,

of

Whitehall

town-

Northampton (now Lehigh) county, and

in 1750. He d cd in 1820. His children were John Peter. John. Catharine. Henry, Abraham. Georgv. Magdalen*,

was born

:

dr-

ain!

Daniel.

Gottfried Roth Heidelberf

Whitehall

to

became

prominent

a

citizen.

Cm as. Allentown. Pa.

from

removed

he house re

A

by his father. John Roth, stands in Whitehall township.

Benjamin Newland?

wish to ascertain the Revolutionary ser-

Deborah,

Gottfried Roth

built

XXV. I

James,

who was married to Simon Moon. Benjamin Xewland married Hannah Ellison. John II. Stotsknluro. Xew Albam, Ind.

stone in

R.

1775.

still

Roi-krts.