The Penn-Germania; continuing The Pennsylvania-German [1]

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am

Zhc pcnn (3ermama Continuing:

The

p Pemisylvaiiia-Geriiiaii A POPULAR JOURNAL OF

GERMAN HISTORY AND IDEALS IN

THE

UNITED STATES

EDITOR

H.

VA/.

AND PROPRIETOR

KRIEBEL LITITZ.

VOL.

PA.

I.

JANUARY-DECEMBER.

I9I2

HOLZAPFEL PUBLISHING COMPANY PRI

NTERS

CLEONA.

PA.

Copyright, 1912,

By H. W.

KRIEBEL

OF ... PENNSYLVANIA 1

INDEX (PREPARED BY J. B. HAAG. SUBJECTS Office Chat: 2.

22fi,

LITITZ, PA.?

Penna.

233 233 234 23* 2o9 261 268 279 324 324 325 325 326

County Superintendents

Germans and Music Germany Not Slow

322

Trappe Mennonite Missions

Historic

Current Life and Thoug-ht:

Ameiicans Slow

.

3 4

Vindication of Schley

An

Englis-li Or^an for Cliildi-en ;>nd Theatre

Deutschtum

....

Germans Not Recognized Old Lancaster Honored A Remarkable Monograpli German Mirsionaries Business Clianges William Rotch Wister The Treatin,^ Habit Autobiography of John Fritz The German City

'German

Newspapers

Elankenburg, the Reformer Articles Made in York. Pa Death of Otto Ringling Philadelphia, n Musical Center

Hon.

S.

E.

Ancona Honored

Gives Cornell $100,000 The German in Africa New Use of Our Schools Forestry at Cornell Germany and France "Peace" Riot at Carnegie Hall Significance of H. C. Frick The Corpus Schwenkfeldianorum No Primrose Path to Wealth Schiff

York County Advancement "the Germans in Kansas Good "Farm Products" Penna. Germans in Virginia "Kansas Girl Farmers The German Elections The Kaiser in American Politics Munsterberg on Patriotism Germanic in Americanism Dress in Mennonite Church Tlie

on Geimans Divergence of Lutheran Views

T.,aFollette

Berger,

the

Socialist

Wisconsin Items Anglo-Saxonism Growth of Lutheran Churches Kaiser's Philosophy How Germans Watch Trade Germans in Kentucky Kaiser a Business Man Albert Ballin Penna. German S'tinginess A Kansas Utopia Stories of John Fritz Kansas Judges of German Stock

German Standards Punishment of Crime Hamburg Boy Lutheran Cliurch-Oigan

A

Pool Apologist Germans and M. K. Church Retain Old Gprman Names Nachrichten Des V. D. S. A Kerche\al Reprinted The Great Game A M'uhlenherg Painting Being Made.... German Literature in America What is Moravianistn? v Gigantic Coke Plant

5

Virginia

Socialism and the Church Religious Situation in Germany M'irage of the Map

5 .5

5

6 7 7 7 8 9 9

».

The Berks County Boy Crop

President James on Germany *~The Faith Doctor The Holiday Season Lessing at Miama University Kessler and Kansas City

326

Parcel Post in Germany Brain or Soul Lancaster's Medical Men

327 328 328 335 418 419 419 4_0

Mid-West Notes

4

Preserve Local Records Missouri Lutherans vs. Co-opere.tion.

4

German

10 10 11 66 66 67 67 68

Politics

in

.

.

V

70 71 73 74 75 75 76

V

Art and Church Dr. Hexamer Honored Language by L'sage First American Missionaries Faith Curing Straight Jacket for Superintendent

Pow-wowmg The Lutheran Church

Greatest Problem Before Mennonites.

A Church

Crisis

League

Minnesota Bible ""Superstitions Luther?m Church First linas

76 77 77 146 147 147

"

14 8

149 150 150 151 151 152 153 153 154 154 155 155 156 15 3 7

157 169 177 177

]84\/ 227 227

228 2^9 229 229 230 230 231 2.32

.

.

in

the

20 21

422 422 423 423 424 425 425 426 426 443 447 456 514 ^^^

.

California

68 69

15

in

The Christian College Das Deutsche Haus Fake Fortunes ^Woman's Sphere

Caro-

Church Fable *^uck and Superstition German Language and Legal Notice.... The German.s' Many Visits Personal Liberty vs. Liquor Traffic... The Bible and Education America and Germany Carnegie Foundation vs. Denominational

—

515 515 516 517 517 51S 518 519

520 521 521 522 522 522 523 533 The Coming Battle 537 *»Dr. Hexamer's Dank 561 Hero Sheets. Jack 586 Aim of Lutheran Colleges San Francisco's Religious Problem.... 586 586 Souls Politics and 587 Training for the Farm 5SS German Thrift 589 T'nion Work 589 L'^acing a Crisis 589 Luther-'s Famous Letter t'l Charles V. 590 Commercial.. Bethlehem Religious and 591 Jahn and Gymnastics 592 The Legend of Barbara Fritchie 593 Modern Language Teaching 593 Bank Mortgage The 594 Unchaining the Tiger 594 .Are We .Anglo-Saxon?

Schools

To Regulate Treating

Life Insurance Virginia's Anti-Treating Bill. Baseball Against Decalogue The Krupp Centenary The Pennsylvania Patriarch

4'j4

.

.

INDEX

II

Education

Practical

595 595 596 597 597 604 616 626

German Monthly Discontinued Music in Cumberland Valley Perkiomen Seminary Honesty Among Lutherans The Luxury Loving American Fraternities

Public Schools Campanius" Indian Catechism The Augustus Synod and the in

Liquor

Traffic

Rueckgang des Deutschtums

631 in

ka

Ameri-

678 679 Gardens 680 German Slowness 681 In German Schools 683 The Dialect Not Expanding 684 Catechetical Instructions 685 Dr. Abraham Jacobi 685 Commercialism vs. High Schools......' 686 A German American Anniversary 686 Wisconsin Germans in Politics.. 687 True Courtesy in Germany 687 Die Deutsche Sprache 717 Indiana's Prominent Gejrmans 730 Early Moravian Missionaries 736 AVIiy Destroy Historical Evidence?.... 747 Early Lutheranism 754 Burn Them 759 Crermany and Religious Paith ........ 79 Decay of the German Nobilitv 796 Germany and tlie Germans 797 Chpracter Sketch of Hon. S. W.

Example

of German Pluck of Old Germantown

.'

'.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

=;

Pennypacker

7;,9

Germans in Switzerland The Modern Pulpit Growth of Missouri Synod Germany and Temperance

SCO .800 SOI S02 !nOJ

Moravian Preaching Institution German Co-onerative f^ocieties Alfalfa and German Grit

Oar Historic

s?..'3

803

Herltagre:

Evolution and Adoption of the Public School System of Pennsylvania (con. p. 50) 12, 81 Vindication of FVancis Daniel Pastor-

Genesi.'s,

A

ius

The National German-American Alliance and the Washington Convention, .

v^

25,

123,

208,

269 161

427,

524,

598,

688

The Germans in Maine 36, 106, The T^orest Preacher of the Schoharie, 45,

102,

194,

236, 329,

17

804.

Heivert Papen and the Papen House of

Germantown. Pa The Pioneer Rothermel Family of Berks County,

A

.

Allentown, Pa., in the Revolution

The Germans

in

Maine

115 117 120 158 161

Bibliography of Church Music in Pennsylvania, with Annotations, 170,

262,

371,

460,

—Reminiscences Activities

627,

Moses Dissinger

German The Ghosts

Abbott's

of

Creek,

Family Refugee of the Revolution

1848 Ordination:

of

The

A

nites

wo

liave

Weekday

Bible Instruc-

Freedman and

Slave,

Litigant

.

History of Emanuel's Church,

.

.

364 369

Peters-

ville. Pa 433 Temperance Legislation 444 The May-Tree, a Relic of Antiquity.... 448

Reminiscences of the Lehigh and Delaware Canals from 1840 to 1856... The "Good" Family The Pastorius Protest and the Real Beginning of the German Immigration A Reply to H. A. Ratterman. A Visit to the Ephrata Cloister Company I, First Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers History of Emanuel's Ciiurch, Petersville. Pa The Prohibition Question

—

.

452 457 529 534

538 551 605

Pev. Frederick T\^aage 613 An Ancient Trail in Central New York. 617 The "V^^'eisers and the Tulpehocken Settlement 625 The Irish Settlement in the Forks of the .

Delaware 632 of the Church of the Brethren of 1912 641 Glimpse of Pioneer Life in the Shenandoah Valley 695 The Fairy Parks 697 The Fi ies Rebellion 703 The Disappearance of the I>enni Lenape from the Delaware and their Subseriuent Migrations 711 The Heroism of our Immigrant Ancestors 718 The Brengle Home Guard 725 Will Theve be a Union of Mennonite Churches? 72? The Town Regulations of Lititz, Pa., 17.S9 731 The Elser Homestead and Family History 737 Lehigh County 742 The Germans and Song 748 The Sentimental Journey 750 Sentiment in History and Biography.... 760 A Conrad Weiser Diary 764 Newspaper Gleanings 815 The Red Rose Rental Question S10 Daniel Kiefer 824 Fvangolieal Lutheran Synod of Ohio ..836 The Funkites S£9 The Leinbach Family 831 Washington's Christmas at N'alley

The General Conference

Forge

S.T9

The Santa Clans Myth

S^C

during Revolutionary War .849 Charter Anniversary F. nrd M. (College. 863 Proliibitinn Question 871 F^^mily Reunions ... 875 Lititz.

Pa.,

American Missionaries M'arking the Braddock Triii St. Jacob's (or Reed's) church

885

First

.

276,

375,

466,

562,

.

.

.887

889

Genealog-lcal Club: 650,

779.

198 204

Die Muttersproch Tn Dp Gonta OUa Tzita Fs Noi Blad Tlie Suspicious Neighbors Brief fum Hawsa Barrlck

241

Fn Berks County Vendu En BoM'er's Boo

245 254

Nursery Rhymes Der Bauer Die Drei Khicke

Story of the Menno-

-Mexander Mack Sliall

755 178 185

260 333 336

Politician

Das Deutsche Haus

The Fenn Oermanla

North

Carolina The Fetterolf

A German

Gideon Moore:

Pa.,

The German Politician Modern Languages in Graded Schools. Rudolph Blankenburg

A

78

and their Ancestral Home of Wachbach Wurtenburg. ... 94 German Boy. First Martyr of our Revolution II3

tion?

The German as a The Newborn

895.

:

Ketten.

,

ivm

^

J

,^ "*"''

^^^'^^.'^iV Articlt;.s

PubU.sher.

'nooK-t! T.vvTu-w sbould ^ ,, be ^ .sent. *, wuuKb T.-ni>' I'OK IvKVIEW to tbt Review Editor. Prof. E. S. Orhard. Trenton. I

RV'K1^ > K

vr'vtnnr.o N I. .\1HI-,Rattle which subjected

its

•

it

there were more bullets and shells of the lirooklyn found in the Sj^anish fleet than of any other or of all the .American battleships

had a population less than that of Wilmington, Delaware, and few of the natural advantages of ^\"ilmington with respect to niannfaotm-ing and commerce. Now it has six times as many people and prohahlv ten times as many factory operatives.

(;i:ie

and Theater

,,£

ot

j^^ j^^^.^^

ment

\hc

culture

German

Milwaukee

ele-

has

known

as the German Athens, and the recent action of the school board text-lK>ak committee would indicate that

long been

title is no misnomer. The committee reconnnends that pupils of German in the jjublic .schools attend matinees of th.rxcellent (lerman com])any at the Pabst

the

theatre, this

at

prices specially

reter.

mem-

change, has its counterthe history of many a community Is there not eastern Pennsvlvania.

l)art in

in

JJ'cckly.

Tin-:

8

I'KNX i.KkM

uiic to tcil us ihc slory of ihc okl fashioned linseed oil mill of fifty or more vears ago in eastern Pennsylvania? "IMorc than 125 years ago an entcr])rising' man by the name of Trnmp, noting- 'the wasting of the power of the {"•owder Valley Creek, conceived the idea of erecting a mill to utilize the In his time clothing l)()unding waters. was all home made, the materials used To supply this being wool and flax. demand large quantities of flax were To raised and the seed went to waste. tmploy this waste product it was natural to seek a means to convert it into merchantable oil and thus the first Linseed Pennsylvania was Oil mill in eastern

some

erected.

some years other mills were and cotton clothing came into use as a consequence flax seed became more After

l)uill

The

was then converted inand keg factory by Michael and Samuel Miller, who were then For many years the keg the owners. factory portion had all the work it could do to supply the needful kegs for the |X)wder then manufactured in the Valley. .\lx)Ut 40 years after no more powder was made in the imniediate vicinity, A. Y. Schukz, who then owned the property, changed the mill to a spoke and handlefactory and carried on the business till 880. The factory was then sold to Samscarce.

mill

to a grist mill

1

&

who

continued in the 1894, when they sold out to R. G. Schukz, the son of the former owner. uel Miller

same

Son,

line of business

till

Shortly after acquiring owiuership, R. G. Schultz rebuilt the structure and added a saw mill. Soon thereafter machinery was installed for the manufacture of bushel crates. Mr. Schultz is carrying on his enterj^rise very successfully. His spokes, liandles and bushel crates find a ready market and most of the time there are so many orders booked that it is hardly possible to fill them. Mr. SchulU is an exceedingly busy man. To visit his factory almost reminds one of the activity of the valley during the times

when powder was

still

manufactured as

AM A.

\ allc_v was ihe :noscfamous cider jnaking region of the State.

at tliaL time iVjwdcr

The ley

yearly apple juice product of the val-

was 30,000 gallons and hundreds

ot

l)arrels «if \ineirar."

^ The Treating

rile eonveulion ul the National German- American Alliance in Washingioii look on step that should receive the support and the hearty commendation of everyone, especially those who seek to bring about a more reasonable method of controlling the drinking habit, One in other words, the liquor question. of the members of the alliance ofTered a resolution which seeks to bring about the This alx)lition of the treating habit. resolution was adopted and it provides that a committee be appointed to formulate a practical plan to do away with tin

Habit

Thicustom of treating at public bars. committee is given from now until tin next convention to do its work. The non-treating custom is continenThere a man tal, particularly German. who wants a drink of some sort of. stimulant goes into a })lace where the stuft is to be

matter

who

there are in

purchased and gets it. No with liini. or how ihany the party he orders his own is

drink and i)ays for it, and the others may do as they ])lease, either drink or refrain therefrom, but if they do indulge it is understood tluit each man l>ays his own reckoning.

Here and

if

in .Vnierica

a dozen

it

is

men go

just the rt'verse.

into a

barroom

the chances are that each menil)i'r of tin party will drink 12 times, wlien in fact he wanted te) do so only once. The result

of this

is

that

l)ef

from

its

The German

historcity

is-

part of the traditions, the sense of the Fatherland, the universal etticiency, the far-sighted outlook, the i)aternalism, vitalized by patriotism of the German ])eople. Jhe American i;ity. on the other hand, has no traditions. There is no sense of resix)nsibility. It is efficient only in si>ots. It has no vision beyond the present. It reflects the extreme individualism and license which characterizes the nation. It is democratic in form, but hardly in reality. And measured by the services of the State, it is far less (iemocratic than the German. The m(.)Sl obvious thing about the Ger,'

man

city

is

its

orderliness.

The most

obvious thing about the .\merican

cit>

The American

cit>

is

its

disorderliness.

an accident, a railway, water or in(histrial accident. It has its birth in the chance location of a 1x>dy of .settlers. It became a city because it could not help it. The German city on the other hand, was either a fortress, a llauptstadt, or an industrial community, like the cities of the lower Rhine in the neighl>orhoo of Essen. Elberfield. or iJarmen, Berlin, Munich, Dresden, Cologne, Mannheim. is

I

Hanover and were the seats of kingdom, Diisseldorf,

or

bishoprics.

.Straussburg princijialities,

Frankfort.

Bremen and Lubeck were towns, owing allegiance

Hamburg,.

free Hanseatic

to no one proud of their mediaeval traditions and

jealous of their freedom.

Much of that which we admire in the (^ierman city is traceable to age. -Ml of these cities were enriched witiv

THE

10

I'liNX

valuable heritages from the past. Rulers cmbelHshed their capitals in imitation oi Some, like the kings of Davaria, Paris. were themselves artistic and in love with

things

They erected palaces, and museums. They laid

Hellenic.

art gialleries

ScJ'ihncr.

^ The

Newspapers

for

Guide

Publishers"

December

may have been

true in the past munici-

pal elections in this country are no longer determined by divisions of the voters

on party lines, nor are such elections in any sense fair indications of the drift of sentiment on national issues. public

nowadays are concerned with the administrative abilities of the men wdiom they are asked to elect to ofiace, rather than their jnartisan predilections. The first question is, can the candidates give us a clean and efficient government? Sooner or later this re\'otcrs in cities

out parks and palace gardens.

Garman

GERMANIA.

an on German Papers in America bv Carl Lorenz, Editor of the "W'acchtcr und Anzeiger,"' Cleveland, Ohio, from which we quote has

article

:

"Tn saving a few wlankenburg, as mayor, independent of of

Democrats.

bosses; pledged to clean government, meant the overthrow of the strongest dominating any organization ])arty American city. Kciicw of Kcz'ic:i.'s. all

—

Blankenburg the Reformer

The

old

habit,

indigenous

editorial

to

American newspapers of considering every local and State election with reference to its supposed Ijearing on national politics, has outlived the conditions that i-'ave it l)irth. ^^'hatover

Since his election I'>lankenl)urg ha^ been dined, feted, lionized and featured

bv the

])ress possil)lv

to his heart's dis-

A

league of (ierman merchanls addressed him in these words: conlent.

"War ^begmessen es mit grosser Freudr. (las.s

oin

Deutsdi-Amerikaner zum Buerger-

:

CUKliKNT LIFK AND THOCCHT trkoreu Philadelphia Stadt dcr Dass al)pr init Ilinen ein deutseher Kaufniann mid Industrieller zur Lroitung der gros£en Stadt berufeii wurde, ert'u-ellt wolil Handels und de.r alle Ang€iho£rigen ties Ind'iistrlo Aun'i^kas, soweit sie Deutsch siiul. mit Stoltz und Grenugtuung, denn Ihrc hervorragende scciale Position wlrd auch wcrfentlioh dazu beitragen, das :3tand(siJ-I,VA X

13

l.\

the clergy of the church or meeting to which they belong. The master of the sciliool, never thelesis, use his utm-ost enendeavors to irapre>o hundred have continued their studies in inThesf stustitulidus of higher vdiication.

14

Tin-:

have

dents

gone

to

fortyjwo

I'EXX (iKR.MANlA.

differen^

schools,

best provision on the subject of education the)' could secure.

College,

The following excerpls from messages of each of the guverners fron^ 1790 to and including 1835 will better aid the reader in an effort to determine

including Princeton University, University of Pennsylvania, Johns Hopkins, ffai-vard. Mt. Holyoke, Wellesley, Wisconsin University, Washington and Jefferson *

*

*

&c

&.C.

From

all

comes the gratifying report that they

these ranir

among

the best in their classes, frequently receiving honors, prizes and special recognition for worth and ability at the very best schools."'

The next step was made by the whole people of the state, aeting in their sovereign capacity, in adopting the constittition of 1790, by which they ordaineci, among other things: Article II, Section XI, that the governor "shall from time to time give to the general assembly information of the state of the commonwealth, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall deem expedient." and, Article VII, Section I

:

The

legislature shall as soon as

conveniently may be provide by law for the establishment of schools throughout the state in such manner that the poor may be taught gratis.

Among

the sixty

members

of the con-

what meastu'e, and to wh:m credit is due for the establishment of the free school system of Pennsylvania, than any amotuit of tradition introduced by the in

convenient phrase: "It

Thomas

is

said.''

governor from 179c' message of Dec. 28,

Mifflin,

1799, in his 1790, said:

until

"To multiply, regulate and strengthen the sources of education is indeed the duty, as it must be the delight of every wise and virtuous government, for the experience ot America has evinced that knowledge, while it makes us sensible of our rights as men, enforces our obligations as members of society. Under your auspices, theretfore, gentlemen, our fellow citizens may reasonably hope that every measure will be adopted which is necessary to establish science on a pure and lasting foundation:"

and December

5,

1793, he said:

vention who framed the constitutioii there were several eminent men James Wilson, scholar, ^patriot, statesman and

"a measure that must be so benific'.ial as tht> irbSitiitavtion of publie schools vannot, aiu I persuaded, require a constitutional injunction to secure your regard:

Thomas ?\lifflin, Thomas MeKean, Simon Snyder, William Findley, the last

and on December

:

jtirist,

four of whom subsequently, and in the order named, became governors of the Commonwealth. Fottrteen of the members, including Snyder and Hiester were immistakable German names. An unusual proportion of an ofificial body at that time when a large proportion of the German population bad not acquired the rights of citizenship. The reported proceedings of the convention do nol^ show the attitude of the members with reference to the distinctoin of rich and poor, but inasmuch as there were, at that time, very few Germans of any considerable wealth in the state, it ma)% reasonably, be presumed that they all, or nearly all, assented to thg odious distinction implied in the words descriptive of the intended beneficiaries of the educational legislation enjoined only because the section as adopted was the

1794. at er review ing the circumstances attending the socalled Whiskey Tnsurrecti: n in Western Pennsylvania and it; suppression-

6,

without effusion of

l)lood.

he added:

"while we review the circumstances thai; have attended the insurrection, in order to select the means of consolation, the wisdom of the legislature will naturally combinri

an investigaticn of th.:measures to prevent the recurrence of a similar calamity. Allow me. therefore. Gentlemen, to ])ress upon you.pursuit

with

that

most

effectual

consideration, the constitutional injunction, "to provide, by law, as soon as conveniently may be, for the establishment of sclrool:? throughout the state, in such manner that the poor may be taught gratis.' I have oa otiher occasions, indeed, observed, that t'l multiply, regulate and strengthen the scurceducation, is the duty, and nuist 1ure and per-

manent foundation."

Tlunias McKean,

u,^ove

nor from 1799

to 1808, said:

"As ]>owerful auxildaries to any p'an for improving the state of society, you will, to diffu,^ douihtlc'ss, gentlemen, endeavour the blessings of education among the i^oor, and to invigorate the adnnni£traticn of justThe former object will claim your ice. care, under the obligations of a constitutional injunction."

me, a period in my administration. citizens, more auspicious to press upon your atitention the great points of republican poMcy:

"There has not appeared

to

fellow,

I mean the institutions of public education, of public justice, and oif public force." "Our government is a republic, in whicii through the act, the pe-ople constantly medium of the repr:s:ntative principle Such a government must be a type of the peoj)l6 them.selves; and will be good or bad, just as they are, or are not, virtuous and intelligent. To inculcate virtue and promote knowledge among the people, is therefore the natural, the necessary course, for invigorating and perpetuating a republican government. The framers of the constitution of Pennsylvania (an instrument that does honour to the human intellect) aware of the principle, which is essential to effectuate their great work, emphatically d'.^clared that the Legislature iihall, as soon as conveniently may be, provide by law, foithe establishment of schools throughout the

State, in such manner, that the i)ooi- may be taught gratis. I^et me. then claim an early attention, for the important subject. It re-

mains with you,

by

making an adequate

l)rovision for men of science in public seminaries, to introduce a general system of education, that shall infuse into the mind of every citizen ambition of excelling in stations of public trust; and that shall guard the representative principle, from the al)use3 of intrigue and imposture."

Simon Snyder, 1

8 17, said

g-ovcrn.)r

from i8aS

to

:

"Moral virtue consists in a knowledge of duty, and a conformity of will and action to that knowledge. Political virtue, in a republic, bottomed on moral rectitude, consists in a love of the republic and esteerr. for its institutions. Hence the immense iail)ortance of a system of educ.ition. Can a man be morally or politicaly virtuous, who is ignorant of the value of the first, and understands not the principles of. nor knows the duties which the latter enjoins? To establish, therefore a system of education, calculated to diffuse general instruction, is at once of primary importance, in bcth a mKual and political point of view; affording the strongest bulwarks against the sn.bvei'sion of good m.'orals, and soimd political principles. The importance of ^'ducation is still more enhanced, by the consideration that, in a republican or repres'ntative government, every citizen may b? called upon to assist in the enaction, or execution, of the laws of his country; anl will hence necessarily engage your attention."

"Many have been the »'ssays of your predecessors to carry into complete effect, that constitutional injunction, of providing 'b.v law, for the establishment of schools throughout the state, in such manner that poor may be taught gratis;' let not tihe their failure discourage, but rather prompt to extraordinary exertion to surmount tha difficulty. On the want of a general dif. fusion of knowledge, the ambitious found their hopes of success in overthi owing ou;invaluable political institutions, and on thel;ruins to erect the throne of desiiotism; bul^ a generally enlightened and well informed people, once free, cannot be enslaved. In ))roportion, therefore, as we value liberty, let our efforts be to diffuse knowledge, as the most certain pledge of its security." "Although multifarious subjects will occnuy your attention; it is ]ioi>ed the im* * * liortance of education will hav" ^harp of your deliberations." ;i In the annual communications of the executive to the General Assembly, a standing thenie has been afforded by the all-inj-

16

'l'

H

I

•MNN GKK.MAXIA.

Much has been nothing effectual has been dune, and the situation of it is still such as to be oortaat subjeci oi education.

said,

much

regretted.

utility of

To

expatiate

upon

the

a general diffusion of knowledge,

a.> the means of effecting The fact be embarrassing. however is palpable, that science and inte'lleietual improveni'ent are far behind the Anwealth and population. l>i-ogress of other year has confirmed me in the opinion fxpressed to the last Legislature, that much liood could be attained through superior inBelieving that these may be structions. acquired in a very simple manner, I presume again to recommend that seme mode be prescrdbed by law fur ascertaining the romotion of the happiness cf the peopi. ihe true and legitimate end of a republlca.'i government. To the attainment of this, the efltajblliahraeut of a system of ednf-ation as enjoined by the constitutio.n :.s essential, and has been but partially complied wiith. It is a fact of general notoriety that f'here is not a seminary oif leai-ning in the interior of the state, in which the preparatory education considered by several sects of Christians as indispensable 10 tjhe licensing of a preacher of the gosl)el, or which is nece.ssary for the higher tn-anches of mechanics, can be acquired. Of mujw. many of our youth who have those pursuits in view, as w^eil as others who a-^ desirous of obtaining a liberal education, -.--(

useful and ornamental arts, as well as the principles of economy, urge me to suggest for your consideration, either the relieving of Dickinson College, at Carlisle, from its pecuniary embarrassments, so as to enabl" it to assume its functions on a secure and respectable basis, or what might be raor" conducive to credit of the Comimou wealth, and to the public benefit, the ccnsolidatin^; tha funds of two or more of our literary^institutions, under such modifications as they would approve, and establishing a univer" ' * sity in a central part of the state To provide for the education of the pco .gratutiously. is also a duty equally imperative and important. This subject has at different periods occupied the attention of th'' legislature, but the measures hereto adopted '

'

not proved laudable motives

liave

resort

to

the colleges of our sister states,

thereby adding to the expense cf their edu-

and withdrawing tihe amount of ic from the circulating medium of our owr: /:atiou,

state.

The cause

ntertsts

of

of religion, therfore, tivcentral scienre, and of th

thl measures of former legislatures have placed education within the i-each of all who are willing to receive it. For the es'tablijhment of schools in which the terms of tui. tion are greatly reduced, and in wihich those.Q"inn:n^"

1

(

.

sented

onl)-

in

to

the

faith.

the

monthly,

It

was

pre-

quarterly

and annual meetings (three occasions

of

(Juaker meetings). The pious brethren allowed the writing" to disappear in their l^roceedings and only after almost 200 Pastoryears was it discovered again. ius was content therewith and notwithstanding he lived after that 30 years, hiready hand left behind a single verse bearing on slavery. In it this statement Tinis made: "Would you be a slave?" element that alone could give the Pa.>^ lorius' protest value. Publicity,

was abQuakers

sent. The agitation of the against slavery began onl}- 80 years i). ter the protest by Pastorius

migrati(^n

to

America.

\\'hittier's

idyl

"The Pennsylvania Pilgrims" discusse? Pastorius and his work in Germantown. It would be very desirable indeed if (ierman Americans would pay more atto their countr\nien who were contemporaries and forerunners of Pastorius (3). There are splendid personages

tention

among the first Germans in America; men who well deserve to be placed aside some even alx)ve, Pastorius. There are the two \\'eisers. father and son, and also the older Sauer soon Father Muhlenberg appears (4) and then the forerunners of Pastorius in New .Amsterdam Minuit, born in W'esel, the first real governor of New Netherlands 1626) soon after Augustin Hermann. Stuyvesant's diplomat and a colonizer and a pioneer of commanding style Jacob Loyseler (Leislcr) l)orn in b'rankfort a man who of,

sued by Pastorius was unfortunately not hefore the proper parties rechtc Schmicde). Pastorius was in ]()8S a member of the Pennsylvania Assemblx' ( Landestages) There he should have -jH-otested against slavery. But he submitted his writing only to the officers oi" his brethren

ius! 2 land also the only poetic i)r(Kluction of real value which concerns itself wit'.i the very imjjortant event of German ini-

;

:

(

:

in 1691

(

"Concerning nr» (ierman in America, excepting perhaps Schurz has so much 'Cen saitl and written as about Pastor-

u

fell

a ])rey to a judicial

murder

which, a very rare case, the Englisn parliament recognized and mourned as Loyseler is recognized as the first such. American democrat, a forerunner of the heroes of the American Revolution, a man who first gave utterance to the thought of the homogcneousness of tiie American colonics (5). John Lederer shouhl also be recalled who in if)S^ Pastorius well knew

find the proper Schmiede regard to negro slavery. 2.

"Concerning no (jerinan

in

ir.

Auki-

excepting perhaps Scliurz has s much Ik en said and written as abou: ica.

~

20 Here

Pastorms."

also

pi:

NX

Mr. Kauliuann

is

with history, lieforc Or. ''SejcieTi.=;ticker in the year 1871 made the •-•discovery in the Acts of Germantown ati/i liresc.t>j?d Pastorius from the shades of oIj3iv'icm hardly anything; was known ahou'; Hum. Ang'lo-Americaii students of hislorv lip to this time are all silent ahon'. the first (jtrman city of our country and J-"rancis S. Drake's Dic•Its founders. -tionary of .American Jjiography (Boston, 3872) does not mention i'astorius amont^ 'jTiot

acv]-iiainte(l

thousand prominent Ameriwhich thousands of third-class advocates and orthodox preachers ar:: ^enhaJmed for all time. Even the g'ig'anrjbe

""ten

in

,-cans"

f jc "Difiionary of Universal Bioo-raphy" John Thomas, published by the Lip-

^Tjv

|)iincr.tt

Company

f this reli,y-ious lx)dy in the Halle in

iiis

ha\iii,i;

matical

his calling.

r.nt

in

tury,

fall

of

Kefonned Church was

in

third of the i8th cen-

first

hence

Without

.Muhlenberj:^-

the

])rimate of the

America the

long

before

Muhlenberg.

calling attention to the so-called

and mosL more than dozen Lutheran and Reformed preach-

Ins]>ired

wdio

were the

first

significant i)reachers of faith,

a

named wdio lalwrid here before Muhlenlx;rg. The Moravians even had already established an episcopate at

ers can be

Bethlehem. La.

In view of this a

vnlx-rg can not be regarded iegenstiick) to Pastorius. (

Muhlmatch

(

"And

then the forerunners of Pascontinues Mr. Kaufmann as he calls attention to the (iermans found among the Hollanders in New Netherlands (New York) and the Swedes of New Jersey and Delaware. It is true that among the Hollanders of New Netherlands and New 5.

torius

in

New Amsterdam."

Sweden there were many Germans, perhaps a third or even the half of them, but these came, not as Germans but as Hollanders and Swedes and there fini their place. 6.

That Germans migrated

into

Eng-

colonies before the time of Pastorius is a fact and need not be brought to lish

if

synod

only came t* 1742 to labor ai;"ainst tlii- Moravians then s^rowin;^ in ])owcr. r.efore him many, very man}. Protestant ministers were already active here. In the last decade of the I7lh century Justus I'^alkner and Bernhar^l lleinrich Koster arrived at Germantown of whom the latter returned to become the Lutheran court preacher at Brunswick. Scarcely ten years later George Michael Weiss arrived there as the first Keformed Minister; Michael Schlatter, K'epor'.s.

America

1)\naming John Lederer. EveiP educated he was only an adventurer" and a former professor of mathematicsat Inglostadt. luisebius Francis Kvhn' was a GatlKjlic missionary among the wild Indians, who followed his mathe-

light

l)een>

Ttsi l.utlKran

21

l'.\STiilubters. While AVilliam Penn was travelling iw

Germany sect of

as a missionary of the religious''

John Knox he received notice o*^

the donation by

H

King Charles

of

tlit-*

territory west of the

Delaware and Ije— tween New "S'ork and Maryland, evei:^ since bearing his name, Pennsylvania^ Penn had become acquainted at Frankfort on the \ia\u with' some cntlTivsiastsCSchwarmcr") and to these he sold in;-' 1682, already, 25,000 acres of land lying' a navigable river. This company named Pastorius their authorized agent in America to select, manage, rent undi

on

sell

the land.

onv of

In addition the

first

Tier mans,- the Crefelders.

cxA-

had ac-

;

22

Till-;

i'i;xx t;r:irlti,-h niolixcs ut ihe

ImiiKkTs-ol

nui" iia-

thai inunoiial record of their labors,. llic t'onsutulioii. liiul a similar parallel in the sirug-gle wa'^ed In the nieiiil)ers of the nalioiial (icrnian lieiiiLi L'vitk'iicrd

ill

Aiuerican Alliance

I'or

a

^'realer recos^nilion

and appre

ciation of hii;her cnltnral ideals.

has to cope with the con^ewiindcrfnl material i)ro:^ress wrought from the Mna" lie^innin^- when, united to a connnon purpose, the nucleus id' th thirteen Stati> lirst came into existence, to the ^rand cluster "ely of late l()st s:pLrit\- withthe solid happiness and real contentment of ])nrely cultural achievements, to put in ])lace of the ])ursin'ts for mdividual aggrandizement the greater nalio.nal economic worth of ])ursuits benefitting many. .\s to (Ierman Ideals of today, however, no one defines them betterThey are "Social justice as the cimithan I'rofessor Kuno b'rancke. trolling force in the development of political institutions, social efficiency as the goal of education, universal sympathy with life as the guiding principle of literature and art thi.^ is a triad (jf uplifting" motives which cannot help to stimulate every constructive energv, ever.power of good, containenii:

L'l'Uhratioii of

l-:tr;inoh

N'iumil;'

ii-rnian

(

AX-AM

1

Illinois.

Cliica^'o

(

KocllinL;

rriiorts that oi'ij^anizalion

)

progressing^".

is

Massachusetts. The lioston '.ranch Ivhcrhardt ) reports that consolidated ir.ranch will soon he founded: organization is almost ])erfcci. I

(

Stale

New Jerse})ele.gates ] (einz and Stahl). State liranch maintains energetic agitation and is adding' man}' Free Legal Schiller .\nniversary societies to Alliance cniuinuiuisly. Advice and l'jiij)lo\ nienl I'.ureau: ierman Ha}- Celebration; Physical (

1

;

(

and Stud\- of "lernian in schools. Nebraska (Delegate lleiscr). lei-inaii Alliance) has 63'Ono members. Deulscher r.nml

I'ulture

(

(

German

(

iovernor.


rmont, Washington.

solidated: tana,

Reports of the State Presidents. California.

Increase of Alliance: in spite of earthquake catastrophe f April 16. 1906). Seven additional societies have joined. German Dav Celebration Surplus of nearly $1200 sent to San Francisco. :

District of

Columbia

(

\'oelkner).

Loyalty and hearty support.

Contributions for San Francisco Larthcjuake sufferers. \\'reath for Dr. Kellner's grave. Delegates sent to I'^xecutive Session at Baltimore. Gothc Celebration. Reception of visiting Vienna Singers. \'ery cordial relations with Hibernians. District

Branch always

Gained several

a pillar of strength for aims of Alliance.

Indiana (Keller). Successful against

societies.

Successful for higher salaries of teachers. of teachers.

prohibitive

license.

Successful for pensions

Illinois Fberhardt ). Eighty-one societies with about 9000 members. and will certainly Ijecomc influential. (

Maryland Successfid against

Founding

of

•are joining all

(

(

Advances

(juicklc

Tjarks).

Restriction of sufi'rage. and Blue Laws. Mis.souri and Illinois. ierman Day Societies in St. Louis. ^Fanv societies? :

over the State.

New

Jersew

Hudson County alone consist>FIG Societies. New ['.runswick and Newark are gaining steadily:. Successful the^alrical performances. Legal I'.ureau free advice in ^o> Difficulties-

Init

excellent ])rogress.

ol

:

cases.

Grows. is

an.

being re-org;ui;zed.

TO

r.K co.x'ri.vn:!)

Cleveland has

lost,

bu'

.

The Germans The

Maine

in

Religious Development of the Broad Bay Settlement B\'

Note.— In

(j-arret \\

the issues of

.

Thompson, Orono, Maine

THE PENNSYLVANIA GERMAN

for October,

November and Decem-

ber 1911, Professor Thompson related the interesting story of the settlement of Broad Bay, introductory to this study of the religious life of the community. Copies of these issues can be supplied. The settlement and religious development of Frankfort, Maine, will be discussed in the same way in subsequent issues. We have taken the liberty of changing the order of the parts of these papers as submitted by the author which accounts for the seeming disorder in the numbering of the iootn otes —EDITOR .

S

the

pans

dift'crciu

t^^l^

came frnm

Llcrnians

v

l

1

h c

Fatherland it must not be expected that they shotild have had identical aims and principles in their religion. As a matter of fact the};

were mostly followers of the AugsburgConfession, but there were also manv disciples of Zwingli, and a few Aloravians or United Brethren. Whatever their ay in July of that year and performed ])astoral duties; further than these factthere is no record of his movements. In the Town Register of W'aldoboro is a statement that Philip Theobold filled the and practiced medicine at Broad

pulpit

Bay from 1777

pher Nikolaus Homeyer""^ issued a certificate to Bernard Kinsel dated from P.road Ray (Homeyer went to North Carolina) he must therefore have had an official relation to the church and was probably a rival of Schaeft'er. The town register from 177,:^ records re])eated at;

tempts on the ]iart of tlic connnunity to secure another minister. According to old documents at Hartwick Seminarv John Christopher Hartwick had a call to Broad Bay dated ^Tay 2'^. 1774. Thicall was very urgent and Hartwick was much desired, being a man of influence OeneaV., pp.

T^nrt.

Coll. ?iraino Hist.

53-4.

Sec. vol. VTT.

ho\v in what proportion the youni;' Cjcrnuiiih forsook tlici. Lcvcsellcr, (JrtV. nu-nibcrshii) native .Schwartz, i'"tyler. Kalcr, Sinouse, Welt, Achorn. Denuith, llahn, \\ inchenhacii, l-'ogler, llauin, Kcizer, Walz. etc. :

Moml)ers

ot

the

L,^v.neration

iifth

of

strong and representative Ludwii; family joined the Methodist church, tlio horn and educated as hi. en tlicv had are: (lodfrey Ludwi-, Tlu-y l.utheraus.

tlie

Aaron

his

>on.

Josepli

and James

his

1l-

plete

Not and windows of shee[)skin. the eastward was the cemetery, after the close of

the

war

the

church was dedicated. Schaeffer preachv(] from the fifth and sixth verses of the 137th psalm as text, ,and the music, rendered by a mixed chorus, was unflcr th leadershi]) o( Francis ]\Iiller.

-

"Thp^:o

people,

iiious

many

of

whom

had

the gorgeous ehurch-es at Frankfort. Cologne, Coblentz, etc. in their own country, wept when they remembered them and rejoiced that Ihey could worship t'he same God under the same form of religion (German faith) a« they did in Germ any. "-•'"''» vvorshipi)ed

in

This house went to ruin after the erection of a better church.

The second and

present church was built on the east side of the river jirior to 1763 and was removed to its present location about There are no 1795. records to show the date of its erection or removal. F'ut the new church must

have been

in

existence

in

1773,

Meantime

the

ad\erse claims

granted deeds for lands for similar uses on the east side. This was probably a strong reason for removing the building

to ^13

it.

;o land on the west side of *h; river, to which we have already given attention, were settled, deeds on that side renewed and lots assigned for church and school purposes, whereas \\'a!di) had never

.

fn

it

and

The people were ]ioor and r)rerate against tlieni." John Ettwein visited -f^nn

May, ()7, Broad Bav and intornicd

latter's

recall

Soelle of

Hi5

i'ennsylvania.

to

tlie

to service of 5 years had endeared him petition the people and in response to a

on for his reappointment he returned September 28 to his former field where warmly welcomed and his labors

he was earned

at

visit

During his marked success. Broad Bay Ettwein made men of the North Carolina, em-

lion to several of the

Moravian

tract in

settlers

fertile

as they are

all

large families,

yet

it

So poor are they that Foolislily th^ir children wear only shirts. they have published their purpose and now others wish to go too." will be for the good.

And

April,

in

68,

he wrote to Bishop

Nath. Seidcl "The people are

still determdaed to go North Carolina and have been since my rival in September last."

letter

llis

of

from

(written

the

following

Xewport

to

to

ar-

August Ettwein)

states to the emigration tihe following o families have decided to set out this fall for ." Wilmington, say in November

"As

But the colony did not leave until August 26, 1769: the vessel was wrecked imt the crew and passengers were saved and reached their destination, "wholly tmcxpected by the people but kindly cared for at Salem and I'ethabara." So favorable were the reports of these fir.^t migrators that the remaining 5 families in Broad Bav determined to follow. On September 5. 1770, .Soelle. who was to accompany them wrote to Ettwein "The schooner on w'hich we are to set sail :

liep

in the bay."

(a.Of)) 3

v.

p.Trt

Tr.'^nsjactions I.

Tlie colonists reached. Salem and wcre Not wishing tu realso well received. Bay people deBroad main there the

cided to establish a settlement of their own they took a tract in tlie southeastern section of the Wachovia purchase, where 9 lots of 200 acres each were sold to them, 30 in the center being reserved for a church and school. This settlement was called Eriedland. This closes the ;

career of the Moravians in the early Maine colonial period, and truly dipressions which have l)een thrust upon us. Without freedom and justice

there

is

no

life.

Patience, a charmin'..r

become a great crime."' The r(X)m became quite still. On every countenance was seen the tense expression with which they followed the speakA tall, well built man. about er's words. 60 years of age, stood before them. His keen grey eyes glanced from beneath a His whole appearfinely arched brow. ance and bearing bespoke assurance an He was not an eloself-confidence. virtue, can also

1

whom the men listened so attentively, but he was a man of He was John Conrad Weiser. deeds. the spirited leader of the Germans in the

quent speaker to

state of

New

"Remain

if

York. you wish, but permit^ me

and my flock to remove to a land of freedom. 'For 25 years, since the beginningThis of the settlement I was with you. before is the last time that I will stand Palatines and Let me speak. you. Swabians are we. When our princes be-

came

"

I^'rench

"Thirty Years' War." a voice broke

in..

school teacher Heim, for my sake, wishes me not to forget the "Thirty the Years' War." During this war, and our incendiaries French invasions of the

"The

old

home was destroyed and many

cui-

W were reduced to beggary. o losses if our retrieved would have l)rinces had continued to be German, but the foreign jirinces had no love for Licrman ways and justice, ^ly ancestorwere magistrates of Germany in \\'u\ temburg. I filled this office myself for ^

zens

1)y

several years, but the pressure of my The missuperiors became unbearable. large consumed princes the tresses of sums of money which had to 1:^ forced from the poor farmers. Uesides in 170') li there was an extremely cold winter, was so cold that birds froze to death in their flight, our vineyards and grain

a

fields

•

their side, as if they were listening to solemn church service. "Neighlx>rs and fellow citizens. w> cross, no crown, no labor, no blessing, in

this

but

r I

agree with the ])revious .speaker li.'il wiili indignation at tell \ini I

were ruined, and our rulers had no

mere}'. '"I'or these

reasons

we

left

our

faihirr-

of the Palatines and Swabians iourneved down the Rhine to llolland.

We.

1

48

IllIL

PEXX GERMAN lA.

land and thence to lingland. Aiore than Driven oiv. 10,000 camped in London. by German princes we were cared for by

"To the Schoharie we wanted to go to clear the forests and till the soil, bin the g-overnor of the colony decided other-

Queen Anne

wise.

of England and the brave English duke Marlborough. All of us were honest people, who did not shun any work. Then we had to subsist on charity, and be gaped at by all the folk' and buffoons of London. About that time there came to London from .Vmei ica three chiefs

of the

Mohawk

Indians.

This turned the daily conservation away from us. The papers were filled with descriptions of the "Three Kings from

America."

3kltn

spoke with admiration

of these ^Majesties." Loud laughter interrupted the painful silence.

"The camp. beheld

three Indians also came to our will I forget when I first repulsive their copper-colored,

Never

faces, their wild, warlike trappings with

tomahawks and battleaxes. A\'hen they heard that we left our homes because wc fields nor gardens, they broke into a boisterous laugh, and prom-

had no lands nor ised

us as

many

pastures and fields a^

Schoharie as we couUl cultivate. Is what I say true?" "Yes, yes." Apparently the recollection of these Indians was still fresh in the minds of most of them. "Next the English government sen' back to Germany all of those who wer,

What distress of the Catholic faith. there was among the poor peojjle! Another portion were sent to Ireland, who were to constitute a counteri)oise to the Another porand the southerr. colonies, we, the remainder to the number of 3500 were sent to New York. "We were packed, so to speak, inti ten ships, just like cattle or goods are On the ship 'Lyon,' in which I sent. sailed, there died on the voyage from ship fever and privation 470 ])u>()ns and 250 died at the conclusion of the joinney when wc had reached New ^'ork. Altogether there dii'd, as T informed tli IJesides. we English king. 1700 men. were poor, we could request nothing, we

Catholic inhabitants there. tion

came

to A^irginia

"had to allow things to take their cours?."

We

were not allowed

At every

free colonists.

to

become

we were They state.

step

guarded Hke prisoners of encroached upon our independence and

these away fri>in slaves of them."

Take

responsibility.

men and you make

"Governor Hunter, our superior, had no comprehension of our necessities. lie sent us up the Hudson river where he had granted lands to the most wicked man in America, Robert Livingstone, a

On friend of the pirate Capt. Kidd. these lands we were to prepare tar. pitch and turpentine for the English government. In winter we arrived ther^only half clothed. Livingstone was to supply us with provisions. He cheate'i us in weight and measure. He forcedamaged food upon us

so that our chil-

dren became sick. He overcharged u.-. Of what use were complaints? He was rich, we ^verc poor; he was an Englishman, we were Germans. Eor such ]x'ople there "

no justice here."

is

friends, wc did our duty toward the English government. We felled trees. A\'e labored for them in 'the wished to repay i:)roduction of tar. as w^ell as we could what Oticen Anne

Countrymen and

We

had done for us. We endured hungei' and sickness, we saw our brethren die lieforc our eyes along the Hudson River ;

buried. Ah! more than g"Overnor took my boys from

their bodies this.

The

lie

me, their father, and he pledged them as bondsmen for many years. My son Conrad was delivered to the Indian chief.

He

(_)ua(iuant. in

li\-e(l

holes and caves.

with the savag"es

They dragged

hitn,

almost naked, through the forests in the midst of winter. He was often in peril of his life while the Indians were intoxicated by the whiskey with which

Giwernor ])lied

1

hmter and

his

friends

sup-

them."

"\'our sons and daughters were sold mine. How many returned again to tlie home of their parents? I can bear everv burdth. but at the last diw in the like

Till-'.

i-oRi;s'r

I'lo-.ACii i-K

Vr.scncc uf the Judge- of ilu- quick and the dead T will remember that (Kivcriior ITturter took my children a\va_\- from mc."

men

paid the strictest attention Mr. Weiser's discourse. In the twinkling of an eye they lizrd oi'cr Oi^iciin the As the vears of want and ]:)rivation. words thcr. last 5.^">eaker uttered the arose such a scen^' as 1 considered imTlu'

f'ossi'ble

among mankind.

The long repressed :

.

i!;ricf

in the

hearts

these farmers burst forth with elemen-

Many jumped upon tlutary force. benches, clenched their fists, and uttereil maledictions others speechless, shook with emotion, man}- covered their faces with their hands and sobbed with pair, and anger: again otlurs bit their lips, ;

ON

'I'lii-:

when

gleamed it

strangel)

defends

as if turned to stone. 1 pressed my hand to

liki

if

my

heart.

of the U'cclicnhlaft.

1

fell

for a

my

moment when

it

1)roke forth agaii

was a long Jt with renewed energy. time before ]Mr. Weiser could obtain a lie continuetl mingling witi. hearing, his speech a mild forni of irony: ""They desired us to mingle with the Indian tribes and thus as a mongrel race to form

a

bulwark against the i)ressure oi Such a low

the French from Canada. oi>inion has England of the

German peo-

])le."

This is the tirst installment of a very interesting story, the eirigof which appeared in the Sclni.'a'bisclics ]Vochcnbiatt, of New rl

young. I .sa'. More than once

its

blood was curdling in my veins. their long repressetl of 'idle outburst At last i. feelings continued to rage. seemed to have expended itself, but onl\ as

inal ^'(

eyes

their tiger's

49

sc iinii akii.

— Editor.

50

HE 'ENN Glik.MAMA.

Their sehcols established under differeui; acts of assembly, on the Lancasterian system of education are, at this time preparing for future usefulness five thousand thren hundred and sixty nine, many of whom would otherwise be permitted to grow up in ignorance and become a prey to those vices of which it is unfortunately so fruitful a source. This_ plan of education in Philadel-

The object

phia is a valuable addition to the number of those useful literary and benevolent

consideration." "Although the importance of education has bsen frequently pressed upon your at-

been,

education so extensively, that itihey shoUiU be completely within the reach of all— th" poor who could not pay for them, as weal as the rich who could. Convinced, that even liberty without knowledge.' is but a jprecarious blesing, I cannt^t therefore, too strongly recommend this subject to your

institutions, which adorn our meitropolis, and distinguish it as the seat of science and nursery of the arts. The philanthropy and zeal manifested by the individuals who preside over and superintend the numerous in-

I

established in that city for the l)romotion of instruction and al eviation of distress, without any inducement but the public good, and for no other reward than the smiles of an approving conscience, entitle them to the warmest feeling of public

bracing the city and county of Philadelphia, and tho representations made to me of its being equally successful in some our sister states, I think it worth the experiment being attempted in. other sections cf the state, as far as it could be adapted to the peculiarities

of their respective situations and cir-

cumstances. By a well timed arrangement lately consummated by the trustees of Dickinson OoUege, in pursuance of an act cf assembly authorizing the measure, that institution iabout being resu.scitated under auspices indicating a bright prospect of future usefulness.

The information from the university in Philadelphia, from the colleges in the western section of (he state, and from several acad: mies endowed by legislative grants, presents a favorable view of education in these institutions as far as respects the qualification of teachers and the taste of yonth for improvement in science; but those who are intrusted with their direction, unite in deploring the inadequacy 6r til fir funds to make a suitable provision for a competent number of professors."

John Andrew Shulze, governor frojii 1823 to 1820. said in his inc':u^s:ural address

:

"Former

lesja&latures turned their atten. tiou. with a liberality which d'd them srea^ honor, to tbe subject of educafon. It mu-:t

be acknowledged, however, that much reraa'ns to be acfominlislied in this reso^ct. and that the requisitions of the crnst't^utiou af- still in a criM^at me.apu'0 una'iswered.

excuse me, gentlemen, It for your consideration. As the stability of our republican institutions depends upon the intelligence of our citizens the instruction of our youth should never be lost sight of by the government of a free people. It has been said, on another occasion, ,that liberty itself, without education is but a precar'ous blessing. To carry into effect the constitutional injunction, much has been already done. It must, however, be conceded, much remains yet to Primary schools have been establoshed. do. and colleges endowed, yet in a manner heretofore, unfortunately, not their equal to wants or necessities. I would i^spectfully suggest, whether an annual sum, epecially appropriated for that purpose, would not in a few years raise a fund equal to the universal diffusion of the elements cl education among the children of the republic. Connected with education, permit me to call your attention to the Americaji Bio graphical Dictionary, compiled by one of our citizens and intended for the use of schools. This work, which is well executed, illustrates the principles of our government, and iholds up for imitation to the rising gen eration, some of the highest examples in the page of history, of heroism and devotention,

stitutions

gratitude. From the great success attending the introduction O'f the Lancasterian system of education in the first school d:s.trict em-

of the convenf.iou rfteuis 10 hav»* diffuse the nieans 01 ruaiiucutal

to

.

j-ou

again

will

present

it

tion to country. As an incentive to virtue, and love of country, it may be well worthy of legislative

patronage."

George Wolf, governor from 1820

{'>

1835, said in his inaugural address: not be expected, that, on an ocsuch ac-> the present, any thing should he said in reference to the state of the commonwealth, or the measures to be submitted to the deliberations of the legislature during the present session; the message of my respected predecessor has presented both in detail. But 1 would call the attention of "It will

ca. iion

that portion of my fellow citizens, who compose the legislative branch of the government, to one or two topics, the first of whicli. it- si-em.'; to me, no executive raagistratt' can abstain from pressing on the attentiou of the legislature without being justly chargeable with a culpable neglect of duty: mean that clause of the con^iMI

PUIiLir

SCHOOL SVSTKM

tutiun which enjoins that 'the lfi;islaturo shall as soon as conveniently may be, provide for establishment the of .schools l.hFoughout the state, in such a manner tha: the poor may be taught gratis," a:i injunction which I trust no statesman will disregard or philanthropist treat with neglect. This call has been so frequently made by

eminent statesmen who have .precedeii department of this governnient, t.hat I fear a repetition of it nov/, will be considered as forming a subject too and hackneyed to be productive of .>^tale any beneficial effects; but as some of those calls 'have heretofore produced favorabla ret'he

me

in the executive

may I not be permitted to indulge the hope, that the enlightened body, I am now addressing, will turn their attention to the injunction itself as being one, which considering the high source from which, it emanates, is entitled to their unqualified deference and respect. sults,

The philanthropic tlesign, and patriotic intention of the framers of the constitution cannot, certainly, be passed over with indifference by any legislative boly "^hich views the subject of education, in all its important bearings, as well with regard to the evils resulting to society from a want of that moral and scholastic instruction to which a large portion of our citizens, who are now destitute of the means of obtaining them, is doomed; as in reference to the staand permanency of our free instituthemselves, which must always materially depend on the virtue and intelli-

bility tions,

gence of the people.

It is

an incontrovertible

truth, that civil liberty never can llourisJi in the same soil with ignorance; to he duly

appreciated and ample privileges

the rationally enjoyed, confers, and the rich blessings it imparts, must be felt and understood; without the lights of education, thu only true source of correct information, this it

never can be accomplished. ture,

and brought tion,

That

legisla-

have devised

to maturity a syetem. of educa-

of primary or common established throughout th^

means

by

schools, state,

which shall

therefore,

to

be

and supported by

its

own

munificence

and

liberality on a scale so broad and extensive as to reach every village and neighborhood, and which shall ensure to every indigent child in the commonwealth the i-iidinieiits of learning at leai^t, will not only have contributed largely to the pe?"petuation of our free institutions, but reared to it.-i'lf a monument of imperishable

fame.' In

lii>

f'.ovenior "If to

.iiimial

\Kc. 8, thc>e vvord.s

ni..s.~a;e,

Wolf used

promote ihc hapijines-

i.S_^().

:

of th^ v^oiue

IN'

I'KN

NSV r.VA N lA

:^i

legitimate end oi all government, be peculiarly true with regard "to our own, where the whole iiower is lodge.l in the people, and by them delegated to agents, responsible for the manner in which the public concerns of the common wealth are administered, and solemnly pledged to promote, by all means in their power, the welfare and happindsw of their constituents. We, as such agents, have a duty of no ordinary magnitude to perform, and ought to feel, very sensibly, the weight of obligation imposed upon us, in selecting the measures by which the end of our appointment may be most effectually attained. Of the various projects which present themselves, as tending to contribute most essentially to the welfare and happiness of a people, and which come within the scope of legislative action, and require legislative aid, there is none which gives more amfJle promise of success, than that of a liberal and enlightened system of education, bymeans of which, the light of knowledge will be diffused throughout the whole community and imparted to every individual susceptible of partaking of its hlesisiags; to the poor as well as to the rich, so that all may be fitted to participate in, and to fulfill all the duties which each one owes to himself, to his God, and his country. The constitution of Pennsylvania, imperatively enjoins the establishment of such a system. Public opinion demands it. The state of public morals calls foi- it; and the security and stability of the invaluable privileges which we have inherited from our ancestors, require our immediate attention to it. In bringing this subject to your notice on the present occasion, I am aware that I am repeating that which has been the theme of every inaugural address, and of every annual executive message at the opening of each successive session of the legislature, since the adoption of the constitution. I know, too, that the necessity which has existed, and which has given on, of such intrinstic importance to the general prosperity and happiness of the peoi)le of the commonwealth, to the cause of p;i!.lic virtue, and of public nt irals; is

the

the

maxim must

.

52

TIIK

rKXN GKRMAXIA.

hopes and exi)eetations of the risinpr generation, to whom the future political destinies of the republic are to be committed; or which will add so much to the sum of individual and social improvement and comfort, as a general diffusion of the mean.^ of moral and intellectual cultivation among Nor can there all tiasses of our citizen^*. be a measui-e presented to you. as legislators, and as the guardians of the integrity and safety of our invaluable institutions. more worthy of a virtuous and determined effort to overcome every obstacle that shall pre,?ent itself in opposition to the accompli-;hment of an achievement so -truly laudIt is not to be expected that a system able. can be devised and matured, which shall exhibit at once, all the qualities of a perfect whole. Like the im])roveraent of the mini itself, the building up of a system intended to' advance, to enlarge, and to extend that improvement, must be a in-ogressive work Among the principal adversaries of this measure are prejudic?, avarice, ignorance and error; the fruits of a successful conflict with these, and a victory ovar thsm, will be a consciO'iisn'fss of having been instrum?ntal. by furrish'ng th'' means of a gen_ eral diffuslo a of know]€dg\ in secur ng the s:ability and perman'ncy of o-r republican Institutiors, in a:!ding to the sum of human intelligence, and in o''e"'ating the sentiments and confirming the virtue of 'the present and future generations. If 'Knowledge is p nver,' and I brlieve the tiuth of the maxim is no lon-'e- doubted, it nnut be con-^eded, that a ^vell educate! people will always poss'ss a mo al and ]diysical energy, for exceeding that to which 811 ignorant, illiterate people can attain. It is asserted in a document recently pub'ish^u at the instance of the Pennsyb'ania Society for the Promotion of Pubrc Sclwls, that out of ifour hundred thousa.nd children in fa's State, between the ages of five and to the

fi.teen, more than two hundred and fifty thousand, capab'.e of receiving inst'^uctionAvere not within a school during the last vfar.' And is it not more than probable that, if it were possible to as'jer'ain tho fact, every year that has elapsed s'nca the adoption of the constltufon, Avuld, upon examination, have b'^en found to pr ssnl the same deplorable r suit .in a great r or

less degree. If so. what ati inc leu able loss has not this commonwealth sustained, in the talents that would have been elift'ed; in the ingenuity and s ill that wo -Id have

been imparted to labour and s:i nee; aid in the mo: al and intellectu-'l en'o vments that w uld h»ve been eng afted and matured, had a judicious wel arranged sy tern cf universal eJucUion been ea ly alopted and rightly cnfjrced, (•o-U:n:...M ,! an

m

I

enjoined by the framers of the constitution. you, fellow-citizens, the representatives of the peoi)le, possessing, as you necessarily must, an intimate knowletlge of the wants, as well as the views and wishes of your constituents, i;i reference to this measur*", and bringing with you, from every section of the state, a fund of intelligence which is l)eculiar]y useful in directing you to favorable results, is committed the arduous, but I trust, not ungrateful task, of collecting, dige.sting. and aiTauging the details of a system of primary or common school education, which will shed an additional luslr" over the existing elevated e.haraeter of ths commonwealth; furnish the assurance that a recurrence of the evils complained of will be effectually guarded against, and that^ Pennsylvania will hereafter possess the en-

To

ergy and i)ower, moral and 'physical, emanating from the virtue and intelligence of her people, enlightened and improved by a general diffusdon of knowledgt> among all classes and conditions of her citizens, to which she ought long since to have enherself."

titled

("iDVcnior ?a.ie

l>t.c.

7.

Wolf 183

1,

,

in

his

anntial

mes-

said:

"The improvement of the mind should b'> firet care of the American statesman, and the dissemination of learning and knowledge ought to form one of the prinVirtue and cipail cbjects cf ihis amb'tion. the

intelligence are the only appropriate pillars u]>on which a Republican Government caa securely rest; without these, liberty itself would soon degenerate into licentiousness, and our free and admired institutions, so highly cherished by ourselves, and so much admired and respec^ted by the wise and the patriotic of other nations, would be inguluhed in anarchy, and become the reproach of their friendis and the derision of the enemies of the equal rights of man in every quarter of the globe. Under these impressions, no opi)ortunity has been omitted earnestly to press upon the attention of the legislature, the indispensable necessity common school education by means nf whx-ii in the lang-uage oif the costitution the lx>or

may

benefits

gratis," and that the bles-sings resulting ther^abe exteded to the rising 'genera-

be taught

and the

from 'may

tion, indiscriminately

and universal.

for no ordinary measure of gratifit'ation, that the legislature, at its last session, considered this subject worthy of its deliberations, and advanced one step towards the intellectual regeneration of the State, by laying a foundation for raising a fund to be employed thereafter in the ri.iihceous cause of a practical general educatimi; and it is no le-s gratifying;' to know. It

is

cause

"

ITHLIC SCHOOL SYSTKNI IX PENNSYLVANIA that i)ublic opinion is sivini;' strong indicatavoral)]e nnderj^ono a tions of having; momentous ohango. in refei-ente to t.liis niea.sufe, and by its gradual but powerful vvorl' to press upon your consideration. apathy and indifference, in reference to this subject, become the more conspicuous, when we reflect, that whilst we are expending

mill'ons for the improvement of the. iihysical condition of the State, we have not hitherto appropriated a single dollar, that is available its of for the intellectual improvement youth; which in a moral and political point of view, is of ten fold more consequence, lther as respects the moral influence of the

or its political nower and safety. Let not be understood, however, as objecting to the expenditure of money in prosecuting the public works far from it; but. Staite,

me

—

would respectfully urge that whilst the I one is being successfully done, the other should not be left undone; indeed, judging from the flattering indications already given by the former, there is reason to believe that, Irom the redundant and progressively increasing revenue which may with great certainty be expected to flow into the treasury from that source, much aid may, at no distant day, he derived to the latter, should it be found expedient to resort to that branch of the public revenue for such a purpose. According to the returns of the last census, we have, in Pennsylvania, five hundred

and eighty-one thousand one hundred and eighty children, years and one thouisiand of fifteen

under the age of fifteen hundred and forty nine

and eighty-nine, hetwe-en the ages

and itwenty years, forming an aggregate of seven hundred and thirty thousand two hundred and sixty-nine juvenile l>ersons of both 's^xes, under age of twenty years, most of them requiring more or less instruction. And yet, with all this numerous youthful population, growing up around us, who in a few years are to be our rulers and our lawgivers the defenders of our country and the pillars of the State, and upon whose education will depend, in a great measure, the preservation of our liberties and the safety of the republic, we have neither schools establislied for their instruction, nor provision made 'by law for establishing them as enjoined by the constitution. How many of the number last mentioned, would be entitled, within the meaning of the constitution, to be 'taught

have no means of ascertaining, inclined to the opinion, that four hundred thouisand would 'fall short of the true number; about twenty thousand, of these, as appears from the returns made to the S.^cretary of the Commonweolth, under a resolution of the House of Representatives of the ninth of January last, are returned as charity scholars, whose tuition is to be paid for out of the county funds, leaving, according to this assumption, three hundred and eighty thousand entirely uninstructed. T have said that there has not hitherto been an appropriation made that is available for the purposes of education; this is literally true, but the Legislature, by the act of second April, eighteen hundred and thirty-one, having made provision for ere. ating a fund, in prospect, for that object, by petting apart for common school purposes, the proceeds arising from unpatented lands, fees in the land office, and all moneys received in 'Pursuance of the provisions contained in the fourth section of the act to increase the county rates and levies, passed the twenty-fti'th day of March, eighteen hundred and thirty-one, which it is estimated, will, on the fourth day of April next, agratis,'

hut

am

I

.

.

PUHLIC SCHOOr. SYSTEM

IN

PENNSYLVANfA

Of>

mmint to a sum not less than five hundrod aud forty-six thousand five hundred and sixty-fLree dollars and twenty-two cents. This sum, wi'th the amount annually accruing from^ the increased county rates and levies for the use of the Cominouwealth whilst the act continues in force, and that

have but recently been established and gone into operation, and have as yet, r^ elved no

arising -from a coutinuance of the avails ot the land office thereafter, is chargeable upon ihe internal improvement fund, at a compound interest of five per cent, per annum, until it shall produce one hundred thousand dollars annually, after which, the interest is to be distributed at the end of each year, and applied to the support of coanmoii Estimating schools throughout the State. this fund in its most unfavorable aspect, the interest will amount ito the sum contemplated for distribution on or about the first of April eighteen hundred and fortythree; in th.9 mean time, however, there are no available means for commencing this much desired measure of State policy, this true system of republican equality that will level all distinction between rich and poor; that will place the child of the most indigent citizens of the Ck)'mmon wealth upon a level with that of his richer neighbour, both in the school room and upon the Campus; will instruct the rising generation in their duties as citizens; enable them to appreciate the sentiment of acquired freedom; and secure the perpetuation of civil and religious lib -erty to our country, by teaching them what civil and religious liberty really import and mean. It is to this all-important measure, both as regards our happiness as the peo_ pLe and tl'.e isecurity of our invaluable political institutions, to which I would earnestly invite your immediate attention and upon

up and for bringing qualifying young men for the business of Moderate appropriations in aid teaching. of those literary institutions that have not

"

would solicit your prompt action. time, fellow-citizens, that the character of our State, should be I'edeemed from and indifference thp, state of supineness which It

I

is

under which

its

most important

interests,

the education of its citizens, have so long been languishing, and that a system should Tie arranged that wouM ensure, not only an adequate number of schools to be established throughout the State, but would extend its provisions so as to secure the fMlucation and instruction of a ooaipetent number of active, intelligent teachers, who will not ' will increase in favour with the people generally, but especially with'the more liberal minded and intelligent; that the friends of a virtuous and moral education, 10 be extended to all the children within our extensive commonwealth, will eventually Triumi)h; and, with the adoot'on of a few modifications, some of which I understand will be suggested in the report of the Superintendent of Common Schools, there is every reason for confident as^surance that the sys. tcm will work- its way into public favor, and will eventually lie universally accepted' and apiiroved."

hc'se articles will lie coiichideil in llie iie.xl issue

teresting- stnd)

Wolf

in

1S34.

l)\- a vivid and inof the adoption of the selmol sxsieni nnder (iuvenior Rditor.

—

Oi

—

MUTTERSPROCH

IE

" O, Muttersproch,

Es

De Goota Olta Tzita

In

du

bist

gfallt

Und huiinert yoar

En

is

gore uet long,

uns

A. S,

em moga

doot aim

Sell tzite

"

lieb.

aw

yusht about, nix won mers fresst.

husht nix fun cigars gwist,

week os we an shlung, Und won mer olas soga wet, Os 'geva hut unde geva set, Bo gwis ich lape des kent mer net, Fun waigo's war ken ent tzoo soma song.

Ken bluck duwock und aw ken tiwist, Do woar yoe nuch de shnup box sihtile, Do hut mer gshnupped os wie de gile,

Heit tzoo doaks is nix tzoo gloaga. Otter gaigem lont tzoo sawga. lito, Is ken hungers note tzoo Duch doots aim a bissel rito, Waich de goota olto tzita. Woo mer ols uouse in her bush sin ibosseai

Ols fer olters is mer gritto Otter gfora im a shlitta, Doe huts net feel buggies kot, Doe hen trollies nix ga bot. Fun waigo es gwitter "woar tzoo mott Otter wora yusht tzoo dum fer's draw tzoo

Es

gi-ottled

Note onna ghucked und gneesed a while, we mer now de olta socha missed.

Oh,

yawga.

fitto.

Doe huts nuch rockoona

la>t,

Und

p'hasanta oily sot, Sin de horsh im ibush rum gshprunga, Han de ibotterreeslin gsungo, Han de aichei- keshta gshwunga. Now won mer an fensamisel fongt don maint mer's is an lot.

Yusht an hunnert yoar tzrick. grick. Is der cider gluffo wie an Ol'fert

drum drouse

uf

em

felt,

huts aim gshnelled, , Oh, es woar so an gutey welt, ^ Now Tvon nuoh tziway druppo gricht don Ols

om mayo

.

mainst du

is

,

es glick.

Do hen sie ols moles gwiltins Do stin de wipeslite hie gatrot. De nuchbersh.aft is uf gadrait,

kot,

mer nuch de

TTnd won der summer iver woar, So haripshts gagem end fum yore, Doe sin de huskingmatcho kummo, De kulvo hut mer mocha ibrooma, Fer oily roater en buss ganummo, De shaino mait se woara aw net roar.

Over

'is

goar

nimmy

so,

is

ollas letchter shtile,

Se kaufo sito by der mile.

Over 's holt yusht may an while, Wos duno don de shtulso mencho Fs is nimmy we's ols woar

noe?

Fer about an hunner yoar. Olley epner wart tzoo gshite,

karrioh,

.\im sv gelt longt nimmy wite, hut oily sotta lite. Os es goar net kotta hut dafore.

TTnd hut gsunga wie an larich, Note hut der parra bivel g^aiso,

v-^r's

T'ud gaVyrettiched fun dem baiso, Was sile now der Satan haiso, Sy rechter nawmo is a bissel ivertzwarich.

AVon

rie airt nuch so fart gait. T^nd do welt nuch shlenhter drait, Tning; ).as

room

is

•Jass. And above all .-he h:is a mad p.Hssioii ^or excitsme'nft. gesoliine, mystery, romanci-

'I'AHLK

leiiulJi (f ilu' State frr "hio-li officials" to siKiid the ifc'venue of the State and to sp-ed thciir automobiles, while the burdened 'taxliayfi- ]i:is t.) slop around in muddv couiitrv ro.-d.'--.

whole seems to be a sim-ere and clo.'-'ereasoned argument; the validity, however, of some rf the statements might be questionod. 'Mr. Pennypacker's strongest i>oint is piobably his assciirtion that the buildTile

ly

inu; i.s itself a beautiful work of art. And this point no one disputes. is a beautiIt ful building, but 'what of the men who had charge of its erection? The writsr makes strenuous efforts to show that there was no conspiracy to deifraud; but this d c(ime> (libraltar

6n

H'l'

of

from " .\\t iiarrickb," the Democracy, a strong-hold

of Pennsyler-tjermany, the fabled county for raising fat oxen and uneducated Berks peojjle and voting for Jackson. ccnmty, Pennsylvania, is a giant not "sleeping" but wide awake.

^

social activities.

Schoolhouse yards should be permanently open for play. It already seems incredible that a few short years ago each

In summer and winter the schoolhouses are as vet but little used, -^.ach school house should have its social center, worked with the home and school association, giving children and youth evening games, clubs, dramatic associations,

That [)r(jspcct.-i are exceptionally good for Cornell to regain her ft)rmer position as the premier institution for teaching forestry in the United States was the import of the news given out at the College of Agriculture yesterday afternoon when the appointment of Professor Filibert Roth, of the University of Michigan, as head of the Department of Forestry, was announced. The letter of acceptance was received by Professor Mulford yesterday. Professor Roth will enter upon his duties next

amusements

September.

summer saw school-yards locked and the children who should have been there were plaving in the streets instead. Even today the playgrounds could not on many afternoons accommodate one child if all

in five

sought play.

and

friendly

gatherings. of the vicinity ought to find the evenings at the schoolhouses more attractive and safer opportunities to meet than are now open in dance halls. Every school in time will have its mechanical music and educate

Young men and women

taste as well as

amuse.

Piecemeal this has already begun. The outpouring of childhood and youth in songs, debates, athletics and a world of innocent and happy activities, is an example, and only a small example of what is going on in our schools. As the playground problem overspread the country in five years past, so in five years to all school houses are to come into

come

use at night for

all sorts of social activity, instruction and amusement. It is true that it will call to new activities the

teachers who are already hard-worked but as the playground has created a new type of instructor, so the use of schools as social centers will create a new and most valuable type of school worker.

Birdsboro.

Mohnton

Hamburg, Kutztown and

have

associations. such an associa-

efficient

is no reason why should not be organized school district in the country."

There tion

in

every

Forestry at Cornell

By this addition to its stall, the faculty of the forestry department now includes One year ago Walter three professors. Mulford was appointed Professor of Forestry and began work in the spring. During the six years previous. Professor Mulford had been Junior Professor of Forestry at the University of Michigan, It has ranking next to Professor Roth. been due in great part to the work of Professor Mulford that Professor Roth has been induced to come to Cornell and resume the old relationship.

The

third

member

of the forestry faculty is Assistant Professor John Bentley, Jr., who recently, left the national Forest Service for the University.

This increase in the faculty means that beginning next year a course, designed to train men thoroughly for the profession of forestry as a life work, will be re-esDuring the present year the tablished. function of the Department has been merely to furnish elective courses in forestry,

which

do not lead up

to

a

degree. It is

especially fortunate that Professor

Roth should come

to Cornell as he was Assistant Professor of Forestry here in

«u

IMINN

'11II-:

the original scliool iH*)ii to

I'roni

il>

iiicci)li

menl of

at

I'orestry •'

a good hand in making barto

gains.

While

l'"nck'>

iron industr}-

it

nionc) was niaile in ihc invested in real estate

is

Pittsburg, New York, in railroads, in lie is the hanks and trust companies,

in

type of the modern business supports many charities, loves flowers and music and has given large sums in encouragement of musical acti-

l>erfected

man,

vities.

"Frick cncci\o. Ill the trials of this and other great corporations, the ideas and work of Frick arc bcint> tested. And it is onl\- fair to him to say that he honestly believes the workman and the all

consumer as well as the

capithlist

have profited

trnin the present system."

The Corpus Schwenk-

l^,^. q^-. E. E. pj,pji Johnson, both scion> of the Schwenkfelder migration of 1734 and both reared

S.

in

renna-Cierman

Pennsylvania,

on the

by

eastern families of their editorial labors

Corf-'us Schicciilcfcldiaiioniiii

have

honorefl American scholarshi]), attracted international attention and won the a])The ])lause of the scholars of Cicnnanx. sailing of the two editors i> not williont significance, therefore. Kev. b'lnier b", .^. [ohnson, the managing editor of the C'())'piis Schwcitkfcldiaiioniiii. accompanied by Miss Selina (icrhard. an assistant editor, sailed from New York on January 6, on the steamship Cecilia bound for Wolfenbiittel. German\- to begin work on Volume TIT of Dr. Chester D. Ilartranft. the Corpus. the editor-in-chief, returned to (kMMuany frir the same ])nrposc in November. The Corpus Staff rettirned to America last May for the pm-pose of consultatioii with the P>oard of Pulilication of tiie Schwenk fcMer Chin-ch and also with

Hartford Theological Seminary which

is

associated with the former in the publication of the works of Caspar Schwenkfeld.

During his sia)- in this country Dv. Johnson spoke before many meetings and gatherings in the interest of the work, and secured a numlier of new subscripAn effort is tions to the Corpus sets. being

made

to

enlist

of

the

works of

this

the

h'riends in pul)lishing the

aid

great co-laborer of Luther, for it was also from the writings of Caspar Schwenk that George Fox. the founder feld of the Quakers, obtained the ideas which led to the tounding of the sect called Quakers. Some of the Friends have already given assistance l)v contributions and subscriptions.

Two

volumes of the Corpus have alpublished and arrangements are being perfected by which it is ex])ected to issue succeeding volumes at Dr. Hartthe rate of one each year. ran ft is also to prepare a volume to be biography of devoted to the critical Schwenkfeld. T")Oth Dr. Johnson and Dr. Hartranft have been made fellows in the Department of Research connected with the Hartford Theological Seminary, Hartread}-

Iteen

S. K. B. Resj)ecting Dr. Hartranft the following interesting item a])peared recently in Old Pciui, a University of IVnnsvlva-

ford. Coiniecticut.

11

ia

i^ublication

:

just abfnit the time of the fiftieth anni\ersary of the organization of a battalion of students of the University of Pennsylvania for services in the Civil War. the man who was the ca])tain of those student soldiers, and who subse(|nently became an eminent theologian and histt)rian, returned from Germany, where he has been for many years engaged in historical research for The little sect of Schwenkfelders. He is Rev. Dr. Chester D. Hartranft. formerly ])resident of Hartford Theological Seminary. A native of Frederick Township, Montgomery County, and relative of former Governor John F. Hartranft. Tie attended the I'niversity of Pennsylvania, com])leling his course there in 1861. When

CCKUENT LIKE ANI)TH()rureau at Washington. \'ork county has a population of 130,405 an increase of nearly 20,ooo over the previous census of 1900. Some of the larger towns have materiallv increased in ])oi)ulation, while some of jj^.^ I

the

townships and

decreased.

The

towns have "back lo the

interitir

cry of

farm." has not vet taken firm hold of the masses, yet there are signs in that direction. \'ork count)' has about 800 schools of which one-fourth are in the cit)- of "S'ork, which also contains one-fourth of the whole ])o])u.lation. ^'ork county has a curit)us distribution of poi)ulation. The nothern portion is in the Sandstone belt which was settled by the English Friends of whom there were over 2,000 a century c'Lgo. Removals and deaths have decreased the mmibers very largely. The southern part of the county in the older geological formations was settled by the

— Tin: riiNN t;i:K.\iAM.\.

76

Scotch Irish who have maintained their The central or Hmerelative numbers. stone bch was settled chiefly by the Germans who have also retained their num-

and have held tenaciously

bers,

the Religi-

diversified in

factories,

character.

York rapidly advancing. has three flourishing daily newspapers.

The county If

is

the Pennsylvania

tion could be

more

German popula-

fully interested in its

glorious past history, it would be a desideratum to be welcomed. They are interested in the present and the future which is all very well but the past is entitled

to

our consideration.

That time, is however in prospect and will surely arrive. The New Englanders, the descendants of the Dutch and other peoples have thus far beaten us in the race, but we believe we will There are eventually overtake them. signs of the times that the English will be the common language of America, but Germany history and traditions will be even then more valued than they are now. /. H. B.

^ Germans in

Three

Kansas

rural

Kansas

representative of counties

show

final

naturalizations of Germans from organization of tfie counties (about i860, 1868 and i8qo) to end of 1911 as follows:

Marshall County, 406; Ellis, 115; Wal20; Logan, 21; out of total aliens naturalized of 1051, 704, 144 and 108 There were also Russians respectively. lace,

are of German race Russia), Marshall, 3; Wallace, i Logan, 2.

naturalized temporarily Ellis,

(who in

391 Prof. W. H. Carruth, head of the department of Germanic languages and literature of the State University of Kansas, published a few years ago a map of Kansas, showing in colors the location of the various foreign elements, where more than a half dozen persons of that nativity are found in any community. ;

;

papers in the State.

to

I'ennsylvania-German dialect. ously the denominations of the German population are in the majority. York is a city of great resources and has nearly

OOD

work should be brought down toThe State Historical Society has almost complete files of all German newsTlie date.

The high

school statistics of Kansas

just issued for school years 1909-10

and

1910-11, shows 4620 students of German the first year and 4855 the second against 20 and 24 in Greek, and 105 and But in Latin there were 119 in French. Is the value to the 13,713 and 15,065. public three times as much by the study of Latin as of German?

Of the 866 cities in the U. S. over 7,000 population in 1910, only six appear have German names Berlin, N. H.,. Frederic, Mr., Herkimer, N. Y., Hackensack, N. ]., Newbern, N. C. and Brunswick, Ga. Of these new Beiii is probably Swiss, while Frederic and Brunswick likely came through the English, the latter being Braunschweig in GerThus the people who have conman. tributed immensely to every great city,, leave no names to them. [. C. R. to

:

Good

Worcester,

"Farm Products'

cated

well-lo-

Pennsylfarmvania-German in

a

ing community, is agriculturally, socially, financially, educationally and morally a banner township of Afontgomery County, From a paper read at a Pennsylvania. recent banquet of its Alumni Association and published in the Transcript, (Skippack, Pa.) the following figures have

been gathered. In 25 years 108 boys and 109 girls have graduated from its graded course Thirtyof study in the public schools. eight boys and 45 girls are married and One is a daughter of a 13 have died. graduate and in one family five daughOne hundred and three ters graduated. have attended higher schools of learning; 16 boys and 3 girls have graduated from various colleges and universities 19 boys and II girls have graduated from business colleges 32 have been teachers and 4 are preparing to teach, and 6 have ;

;

taken courses in agriculture.

— CUKKENT

AND THOUGHT

l.IFE

There are among the graduates: Two ministers, 2 missionaries 4 doctors 8 professors; 18 farmers; 3 trained nurses; ;

;

7 dressmakers engineers and

;

i

3 machinists 2 electrical each, telephone operator, ;

music teacher, electrician and manufacturer. Of the whole number 54 reside in the home township; 154 in Pennsylvania; 15 in Philadelphia; 12 in New Jersey; 4 in New York; 2 each in China and iMassachusetts; and i each in Indiana, Michigan, Canada and Cali-

77

Showalter Company suffered a great loss by fire, but the equipment and buildings of the firm are being restored upon an enlarged and improved scale. This company is perhaps the leading music publishing house in the farther South, and is made up chiefly of men of PennsylvaniaGerman stock from the ^^allev of \'irnnia. T.

^^.

w

^^

fornia.

The figures suggest interesting deductions on which lack of space does not hIIow comment. The township is an exporter of brains and seemingly is educating its children away from the farm. Does the export business affect the market ])rice of farms? Can the township equal its sister agricultural township, L3'nn of Lehigh County, in the number of professional men it has to its credit over seventy? (See The PcnnsylvmnaCemmn, April, 1908).

^ Penna. Germans in

Virginia

Much

interest

i:)resent

being

is

at

mani-

fested in the history In 1873 Alcide of education in \'irginia. Reichenbach, a native of Switzerland, now a resident of Collegeville, Pa., and Jesse D. Bucher, a native of Pennsylvania, opened the Valley Normal School

Kansas Farmers

Girl

In the

Soulhwcst part

of Kingman there lives a

County

German

farmer. Rcimic Griem, who has been in health the past year. The family consists mostly of girls. One of these girls is a school teacher and two arc students is the Kingman High School. ill

Hired help has been hard to get the past season, and the father not being able to attend the farm work, the girls concluded to take matters into their own hands, and last Spring as soon as the oldest daughter's term of school had j:losed she went home, hooked up to the lister and working early and late put in seventy acres of corn.

'

Bridgewater, Rockingham County, at Va., which is likely to prove the first real normal school the State of Virginia had.

Company. Ruebush-Kieffer The Dayton, Rockingham County, Va., is one of the oldest and best known music publishing houses in the Southern States. The members of the firm are of Pennsylvania-German stock. The RuebushKlkins Company, an associated house at the same place, is now engaged in bringing out a history of Rockingham County. Va., and several other works that will contain much concerning the Pennsylvania-Germans in the Valley of \'irginia and adjacent sections. At Dalton, Ga., reconllv the A. J.

As soon as the two other girls were home from high school they turned in and assisted

in cultivating the corn crop, assisted in the milking and care of the stock, sold and delivered the milk to the creamery, put in the hay from 27 acres of alfalfa, put up quite an amount of prairie hay and other feed crops and attended to the multifarious duties on the

farm

all

sistance season.

by themselves, receiving no asfrom a man during the entire

The

result is a field of corn which comjudges say will yield an average of bushels to the acre and all the rest

])etent fifty

of the farm

The

worked up

in

ship shape.

having attended to the pressing duties of the farm and their father being girls

in better health, they will resume their DJaces in school for the coming term.

—Exchanqc.

OUR HISTORIC HERITAGE Articles giving information about the history of the Germans United States from the arrival of the first immigrant to the present, of whatever section of our country, of whatever vocation of life, of whatever class or association, of whatever period in a man's as Gerlife, as well as discussions of questions cf the day so far man ideals have bearing on these, are to appear under this general in the

head.

Papen and the

Heivert

Germantown,

of O

(jcrniantown distinction

the the (k-rnian

hcloiij^s

of

being

permanent

first

'settlement

in

America.

came in tlie tall of Abraham 683, den )p GraetT, Herman ( )p den (jraeff, Lenait Arets, Jan Seimens, Willeni Streypers, Jan Lensen. Dirck OpThitlier J

(

dcn Graeflf. Thones Kimder.s. Reynier Tyson. Jan Lucken, Joliannes P)leikers. I*eter Kenrlis. .Abraham Tunes, with their families from CVefeldl on the Rhine. 'J'hey reached Philadelphia October 6. 1683, their leader. Francis

Daniel J'a^toriiis, havinj^^ preceded them by alx)ut six weeks, as the ag^ent of the Frankfort Land Company which was the orii.j;inal purchaser of the Germantown tract from IVmi. hi October 2-|th these (icrman b'mit^rants met in the cave of Pastorius and drew lots for their separate iX)rtions to avoid any ill feelinju: in (

the distribution.

The lots were rather nanow but stretched back for a lonj^; distance from what eventually became the main street of the villa.uje, followinj.^ what was orit;inally an Indian trail. During; the years following other Germans came, attracted by the favorable accounts of the new settlement where every individual could carry out nnm.)lested his own ideas of

religious

Papen House Pa. worshij).

Heivert Papen

in

Among i()85

these

came

(from Miilheim

the Palatinate), who in i6c)8 according to the stone in the gable, erected what is claimed to have been the first stone house in Philadelphia, but without doubt the lirst stone house in Germantown. It was built on the .side lot appurtenant to town lot toward Schuylkill No. 8, in the first drawing of the lots. in

The lot and side lot were conveyed by Abraham Op iVen Graeft to Jacob Shumacher on March 4, 1085, who in 1693 conveyed both lots to Heivert l^apen. In 1705 Heivert Papen conveyed the side lot to Samuel Richardson, Richard Townsend, Thomas Lotts and Samuel Cost who were trustees for the Quaker meeting. In 1714 Heivert Papen still owned lot Xo. 10. In 1766 Lot No. 10 was owned by Dr. llensell, Alsentz, Jacob Coleman, John Johnson. Richard John.son, Hesser Kast. etc., .showing that between 1714

and

ij()()

the original Papen

lot

had been

divided.

The Pajx'u Ihnise is known as one of the best examj^les of our early Colonial Dutch architecture and stcKxl on the corner of what is now known as Johnson Street, nearly opposite an old well on the Chew property which was filled up when Johnson Street wa>: cut

:

HIEVKHT PAI'KX AM) THK I'APEN HOVSK

A

lliroiiiili.

iIk'

ilial llic

hi'st

iiulcd

masonry in

nient which

the

arfhilc'Cl

in

United States, a

was torn down was the masonry that In

witli

the

said state-

was confirmed when the oUl

lionse

down

oiicc

Gciniantown was

in it

1883; so sohd to he hh^wn

had

dynamite. early

pari

century the house came into tlie posschsion of the Johnson family who had their name from Janscn, and henceforth it was known as the J(jhnson House. During- the hattle of (jcrmantown, C'olonel Thomas I'roctor planted

changed

two cannon ni

thv'

eii^hteenlh

79'

house

in

(hrectly

in

fiont

of

this

order to silence the nnisketr\

THE PAPEN HOUSE of the British who had taken refuge in the Chew House. picture of the Papen House was drawn and engraved for the "Sunday Disjiatch" expressly to illustrate Westcott's History of Philadelphia, \'ol. I, page III., This history is in the l'hiladel])hia TJhrary. Heivert Papen, with 64 others, was naturalized in i6qi under Thomas Lloyd. Deputy Governor. He was one of the signers of the application for a charter to have Germantown organized as a horough. which charter was granted ]\Iay 31. 1 691, when Francis Daniel Pastorius was chosen P>ailirf or ISurgess, and

A

Heivert Papen as one of the Connnitteeor Council. The corporation was maintained until January 11, 1707. hut always with considerahle difficulty in filled. I^oper getting offices Says "'I'hev would do nothing hut work and praw and their mild consciences made them opposed to the swearing of oaths, and would not suffer them to use harsJi weapons against trespassers, and Heivert

men

Pai)en, in

1701, declined to be

l^.urgess

through conscientious scruples." Pennypacker's Germantown we In read: "Another arrival of importance was that of William Ruttinghuysen Rit(

;;

-so

TlIK

rii-NiX

lenhouse), a Mennoiiitc minister, who with his sons Gerhard, Klaus (Nicholas) and a daughter Elizabeth, who later married Heivert (Howard) Papen, came from Braich, in Holland." As Heivert Papen married Elizabeth Kittenhouse soon after her arrival with lier father, he no doubt became comMennonite ])lctely absorbed in the church and his recoril was lost to posterity with that of all the other Mennonites. "The records of the Mennonite church at Gerniantown were loaned to a man for taking historical sketches and he moved away forgetting to return ihem in that manner they lost their records for the period from 1708 to 1770." Heivert Papen's will was dated January 30, 1707-8, and was witnessed February 19. 1707-8. He was survived by his wife l^lizabeth Rittenhousc Papen and five daughters: Styntia, Mar}-, Ger;

trude,

Margaret and Elizabeth, who was

Styiitic, or Christina, renot of age. ceived seventy-five pounds over and above her etjual share with her sisters and died unmarried about 1728.

Mary, born about 1695, married Gerhard Brumbaugh, who, according to official records, lived in Philadelphia county as late as 1721, but in 1724 paid in taxes Vincent township, Chester County, Pa. He took up over one thousand acres of land, a part of which he

Unique Protest Against Sermon

hal i^^ an inlcresling stor}' which comes I

GEKMAMA. gave for Brovvnback's church, and over 300 acres of which have never passed out of the family, but are still held under the first deed signed by Penn. Gerhard Ijrumbaugh and Mary Papen, his wife, left children: Benjamin, married Elizabeth Paul Henry, married Mary Magdalene Paul; Elizabeth, married Richard Anna, married Paul Benner Custer Catherine, married Jacob Maushower Mary, married Frederick Bingamon. Gertrude, third daughter of Heivert Papen and Elizabeth Rittenhouse, married Benjamin Howell, of Germantown, July 19,' 1 72 1, and according to will recorded in Book O, page 43, Philadelphia, had no children. Margaret, married Jacob Shimer (bom 1679; died Sept. 17, 1757) and left six ;

;

children: i, Abraham; 2, Anthony; 3. Elizabeth (married Dickerson) 4, Mary Shoemaker) Catherine (m. (m. 5, Young) 6, Sarah. Jacob Shiner married a second wife, Elizabeth and left 7 sons. In the year 1736 Jacob ;

;

;

Scheimer moved from Skippack to a plantation situated on the southern slope of the South Mountain below Bethlehem. UlizahctJi,

fifth

daughter of Heivert

Papen and Elizabeth Rittenhouse, married Jan Jansen Dec. 29, 1719, in the First Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia. She died prior to 1728. ils. tures in an educati^Mial system, if not heretofore unknown, was so unusual at that time, that it is hardly conceivdivine

;is

and patriotism

1

Wolf had not become able that miliar with the systeiu of which -vcre characteristic, and had not

its

schoolmen, to superintend the education of all poor children in their respective townships; to direct the parents to send such children private most convenient the to schools, to furnish such children with all necessary books and stationer), to visit the schools and cause the children to be properly taught and treated

in this county;" and sectarian excluding teaching, required the master to incul-

cate

required

officers, called

any other school while

life.

Although there were no legislative responses to the urgent recommendations of the first six governors under

Pennsyl-

in

as

to

fallie\-

vc-

81

;

82

Tin:

and

oned for more than a decade. Nevertheless, the governor approved the

pro forma, April

2, 1831, only to of an actual establishment of free schools with increas-

act,

renew

his

advocacy

ing earnestness from year to year until the final triumph in 1834. An executive

more determined

way

or nothing, than

to

have his

own

was Wolf, might

have withheld approval of the disapl^ointing measure with no resultant advantage to the cause which he had advocated, but with an embitterment of the strife which had been interrupted by an apparent truce. On the other hand, the gradual accumulation of a fund which could not be applied to its ultimate object for many years would leave the private schools in enjoyment State patronage for education of jjoor children, and at the same time encourage the friends of free schools in further persistence. It seems to have had that efifect upon Wolf himWhen in his message of Decemself. ber, 1831, he spoke of the establishment of the fund as cause for no ordinary measure of gratification, and as one step toward the intellectual reIt proved, generation of the State. liowever, to have been a halting step, in actual legislation, although the House of Representatives appeared to

of

have been

in

hearty sympathy with

the views of the governor, and in response to his message passed a resolution for the appointment of a commission to "collect information, facts and knowledge relating to the subject of education and report to the next session of the legislature for examinaThe tion and final action thereon." -Senate refusing to concur in this resolution,

may

nothing came of it, although we from the message of De-

infer

6, 1832, that the House committee on education made an independent report in harmony with the governor's repeated recommendations. The laws of 1831-2 are silent upon the subthe same i'^ true of ject of education the laws i 1832-3.

cember

;

i

With

IV

111- fi ,!•(

n~

lli.'in

l!lr

(.'^

8S

tablishment of an unavailable fund, the refusal of the Senate to concur in the House resolution for the appointment of a commission to collect something anything to illuminate the senatorial mind and the negative evidence of legislative inaction, during two years, furnished by the annual volumes called Pamphlet Laws, we might well inquire What encouragement had the parents of three hundred and eighty thousand entirely uneducated children for whose educatiorr no provision had been made, to hope that their children would ever be enabled to compete in the activities of life upon equal terms with the children of their more fortunate neighbors. What encouragement had the unofficial patriot and philanthropist to hope for an intellectual and moral improvement in the constantly increasing accessions to the ranks of citizenship. What encourage-

—

:

ment had Wolf

when he

to

sound his bugle-call to

down to write his ever memorable message of December 4, 1833, and declared to the recalcitrant Senate as well as to the House of Representatives "It is time fellow citizens that the character of our state should be redeemed from the state of supineness and indifference." It is true that the House of Representatives was and for sometime had been in sympathy with his views, but without tlie concurrence of the Senate it was powerless. It is also true that there were here and there, now and then patriotic, public spirited and philanthropic individuals, and associations of limited membership who recognized the need and advocated the establishment of some improved system of education, else there would have been neither private schools, nor the .system ordained by the Constitution of i/QO, for the education of the poor, but there was no statewide movement for concentration of public sentiment in favor of such system as Wolf advocated. The recommendation of each of his six predecessors under the Constitution of 1790 did, indeed, point strongly in that direction. btU. none of them boldly and plainly declared irr favor of the elimination of the distinction between rich and poor. U'o are n-^t. however, without evidence action

:

sat

THi::

bl

I'KNN

of at lfa>t an iiicii)icnl growth of \n\h\k opinion against the perpetuation of that distinction early in Wolf's administration. He asserts emphatically in his message of Decem])er 8. 1830. that i)ublic opinion dethe cstahlisliment of a liberal and echication. of system enlightened Whence ami how di he ascertain the

mands

1

fact

so

asserted,

and

substantially

re-

In the peated in two later messages. absence of evidence of any other niotle of ascertaimnent we must presume that he a.scertained it in his intercourse with the public, anrl his repeated assertions lend probability to a statement, otherwise unvouched. of a writer in "•Pennsylvania

Colonial and I'\-(lcra].'" that u])on his induction to office "lie opened an office for the transaction of lousiness in one of the nv^ms of the Capitol, threw aside all forms of cNclusiveness which might hinder the approach rif the peoi)le. and by dailv contact with legislators and other public men enforced the duty of action to remove. this stain (want of a common from the common.system) school wealth." It is probable that in such free jjarliaments he talked quite as earnestly as he wrote, with little or no disputation on the part of his hearers, from which we would naturally infer a favorable grrAVth of juiblic opinion.

(.;i:r

MANIA.

he declared to the recalcitrant Senate as well as to the House of Representatives: "It is time, fellow citizens, that the character of our state should be redeemed from the state of .supineness and indiffer-

ence to its most important interest, the education of its citizens." That growth had a rcllex in the election of members of In each the legislature then assembled. branch there were some earnest advocates of education, and perhaps on the whole, the body was ready 10 respond to the governor's invitation and solicitation. first day of the session, Samuel Senator from Philadelphia, moved the appointment of a "joint committee oi the two houses for the purpose of di.gesting a general system of education Commonwealth," whereby he the for practicallv made himself chairman of the The House promptly conconunittee. "who arc instructed to curred adding: re]i(n-t as early as possible by bill or otherwise." The cf)mmittee so authorized, consisting of five Senators and seven memHouse, among whom was bers of the lames Thompson of Venango County, afterwards chief justice of the Supreme Court of Penn.sylvania. The committee* went to work immediately, and by the

On

the

r.uck. a

in-

of Feljruary, 1834, had collected "mass of valuable information" refi'rretl to in the C.overnor's message of December 2. 1834, and submitted therewith a bill entitled "An Act to l^stablish a Ceneral v'sx stem of Education by Common Schools." Authorship of that bill is ascribed to Senator Breck in Wickersluim's histor\- and in Peim'a Colonial and

spired by conlem])lation of the beneficenl results which seemed to him certain to flow from "an enlarged, liberal and extensive intellectual and moral improvement capable of elevating the understanding above the (Upgrading intluences of the ]Xissions and the ilece])tive delu'-ious that mask the infamy i.f crime."

authority I'ederal without citation of therefor. Xi") record of the deliberations of the committee appears to have been kei)t; there is. however, satisfactory evidence of industry and zeal on Mr. Rreck's ]:arl in the collection of information for the enlightenment of the committee and that the report and bill submitted there-

Wolf had

r.ul

better

encouragement

than public opinion rm December 4, 1833. to uvdki. bi-^ final a])i)eal for innnediate action he had his ftwn strong convictions of dm\-. an encouragement that has ever moved men to the noblest deeds istcroiis to rc(juire furtii-

societies

iV'unsx i\-.\.»-.;i Culimial

appear {nn

attention

the ilisence f ex'ideiice in support thereof. Stihsetpu'nt no (le\elo|)nients leave 'louht. if any ever existed, that the o])pdsition to the law of 1834 was mainh' cr

luitiee

llian

;niti-inaMinic.

callini;'

Wdlf was

to

defeateil

and

kitner and a "wnrking majority"' of the niemhers ni the IfMiise of Representafall

the anti-masons in the Kitner's voice had not been the school cpicstion during the

elected of i«'^,^5.

tives

heard dji campaign, Dec.

(),

1)\"

and his inaugural address. was equally non-committal

1835,

it in these of common school education has been recently commenced ii will afford me real pleasure to cooperate with the legislature in the attem])t to give it real usefulness b}- adapting it til the waniv and feelinirs of the

Oil

that n

migiiKii purimse.

Marl)lchcad, however, Crclliiis learned of the matter, informed 'hips, and Wild closed the incident by a ihcir

arrival

at

I

ndden disa])pearance.

The

experience of these settlers

initial

was one of intense suffering, as was inevitable from the time and circumstances f their coming.'**"

ckn Grund zu einer spiiter bedcuienden deutschcn Kolonie in der ostlichstcn der englisch-amerikanischcn Previnzen damals legten, Kein Name von unbekannt. ist ganzlich ihncn alien ist aufbewahrt, den man mit Sicherhcit als zu dicsen Pilgervatern gehorig Ihrc Spuren abcr sind nicht iiennen konnte. verwcht. Noch bis auf den heutigcn Tag is jene Gegend mit einer Bevolkerung gefiUlt. welchc sowohl ihren germanischen Typus als Gcschlechtsdcutschklingenden ihrc auch en, die

namen gewarht

Arl)eitcrn cin Zicl gcsetzt wurdc. die Kalte dermassen iiberhand, dass Kttcr niit dcm Schiff nach Boston zuruckkclirtc, lun vor dcr Regicrung fiir die armen Leute Deckcn und Bettcn zu crlangcn. Die Assembly nach einigen Zogern verwilligtc am I Januar 1752 fiir dicsen Zwcck (lass

ilircn

Auch

iiainn

—

—

zchn Deckcn und zclni Bettcn Auch wurden Leute iibcr Winter mit den Nothigen Lcbcnsmittcln untcrhaltcn."

dicsc

The

plantation

was Frankfurt.

name

of this settlement

Rattermann,

says:'**'

"Dcm so im Mittwintcr in den Waldern Maine's enstandenen Ortc, welchcr nunmehr das lleim der Ncueingcwandtcrtcn Deutscheii wurdc, gabcn sic den Namen Frankfurt, zu Khren dcr Stadt am Main in Deutschland and, von wo aus ihre UljcrsicdUmg nach. .\merika angcor(hiet worden war." Goold

I>ut

fax""*-

in

states

"Fort Hali-

his article

that

the

Kennebec Com-

l)any voted to adopt this name as an attractive appeal to the i)atriotic sentiments of the ("ierm.'uis. The colony was not

purely Ccrman. After the revocation of the Ivlict of Xanles many French had gone to Germany and established themselves in the Rhine district. A large part of the .settlers were thus from the border lands of France and (lermany, the I'Vench Huguenots being innuerous among them.

"Wer

diese crsten deutschcn

(180) Dcr (Jculsclic (181)

Ibid., p.

(182) Coll. (Series I). (183)

Dcr

hat."

MiUc

des Dezember da^clbst an, uiul bcgonncn sofort aufs Eifrigslc e witnessed wiiluii. your money and attend the show, you will be greatly struck by the yawning difference that subsists between the promises of the "barker" and the performance of what mountebanks he serves. Wherein lieth the application? Marry!

iniique in connection with that

In this: the "barker," he of leathern lung

burg

and throat of brass, but gave you the program, the platform; to which later, the bold tree mountebanks within paid no more of performing heed than to the winds that idly blow. Mountebanks and politicians have much in common. Mr. Rlankenburg was early in making this

a year, and Mr. Blankenburg wouldn't receive it. At the close of his three-year term, he placed the total $I5»000 in the hands of the City Trust, with instructions to apportion the income forever equally between the pension funds of the school teachers, the firemen, and the police. "Better serve the people than exploit

—

After that locally, at least never looked at the platforiti, but

liiscovery.

— he

only at the boss.

Ever since he could vote, Mr. Blankcnburg has fought the bosses. More than thirty years ago. he nailed his glove to

That glove is McManes, and Quay, and Durham, and McNichol, and the gates of the machine. there to-day. He fought

—

Penrose each as he appeared. They used to bowl him over, but he wouldn't stay bowled. He was up and at their throats again.

Mr. Blankenburg had an idea. An is ever a good thing. The Blankenburg idea was that government should be

idea

honest.

The honest activities of Mr. Blankenburg were in their way so unusual that even honest folk could not believe but what they cloaked some design. Some said that he had an axe to grind; but a thorough ransack of his surroundings failed to develop such hardware. Others said that he hungered for office but since he never asked for office, and refused ;

every offer of office, tiiat tlieory, like the axe-grinding theory, had in the cm\ to be abandoned. Friend and foe, with a last word, were constrained to concede that Mr. lilankenburg possessed no purj)Ose of politics beyond a purpose of good government. .After that they gave him up as a simple harebrain, honest, but hopeless. For his part. Mr. Blankenburg, all undismayed, kept boring ahead for good government. It

has been stated that Mr. Blankena specialty of refusing offers

burg made

Blankenburg offence. There occurred that

the

city

which was Blanken-

commissionership.

The

salary

was $5,000

them," said Mr. Blankenburg; and it must be confessed, as a truth of practical politics, that in so saying and doing he stood as lone as Lot's wife. But thus was it ever with Mr. Blankenburg. When he stumped Iowa for Mr. Harrison, he paid his own expenses.

When he fought Boss Quay in every corner of Keystone control, he paid his own expenses. When, as super-cargo, he went with two relief ships to faminebitten Russia, he paid his own expenses. There was never a dollar spent by Mr. Blankenburg for Mr. Blankenburg that wasn't a Blankenburg dollar. The man who has heli)ed thousands never accepted help himself. Well,

WILL HK MAKi; GOOD? shall see what wc

we

shall see.

canvass for the mayoralty, Mr. P)lankcnburg had but one plank to his platform, but one promise in his mouth. In

his

The

jilank

was Good Government; the

promise w^as Good Government. The world is yet to know how that ])latform will be livod up to, that ])romise redeemed. P. S. Mayor Blankenburg is pi'oud of .America and Americans. The one fault that he finds with the latter is that it is so difficult to get politics in ])crson.

them

You

to

work

—

at their

can he says no more get the everyday American to take a working interest in politics than >ou can get a rich man into heaven with'>ut a suspension of the rules. The World Today. By Permission.

—

:

The

National German-American

Alliance, and the

Washington

Convention By

Albert Godsho, Assistant Secretary of the Alliance. (Continued tronn January Number)

I'cmisylvania.

Very successful State Conventions: 1906 at Pittsburg-, 1907 at ScranTen new City, respectively County Branches. Surplus of Gerton.

man Day

Celebration (1905) donated largly to Pastorius Monument Agitation for better Civil Service Laws. Employment of more fund. For development of Normal Schools. Pensions for male teachers. and female teachers. Compulsory instruction in physical culture, in Protest against restriction of immigration. third class cities. Closing Hcpburn-Dolliver Bill of army canteen Littlefield Bill German Theatre built at Philadelphia. Prizes for best German scholars in Successful fight against Local Option, and aganist l-'ublic Schools. bills with Prohibition tendencies. ;

;

;

West

Virginia.

Excellent progress and results. Convention Work. Among the many proposals, resolutions, etc., with which Convention was occupied, were: Historical Research. Personal Liberty, Seminary at MilwauInstruction in physical culture kee $100,000 fund to be raised. in larger Teachers' certificates to those who .shall give instruction provision in contracts for new schools, cities supervision by experts so as to provide space for children's playgrounds and gymnasiums. Questions of immigration referred to Special Committee to carefully study the question and to prepare a detailed report. Agitation for betConservation of the ter postal service; Introduction of parcel post. To begin and fo.'^ter friendly relanatural resources of the country. Appeal to German Women tions with other National Organizations. and their associations to maintain and introduce the German language. For regulation of women's and children's working hours. Against Exchange of antiquated and obsolete restrictive and illiberal laws. cordial telegrams, between delegates of convention visiting Germanic Museum at Cambridge and the German Emperor. Further reports and contents of the printed Minutes of Fourth Convention. Committees on Cordial relations to other National Organizations, Resolutions. Affairs of Alliance, German Theatre, German Press, German Language and Schools, Lhiiform writing. Immigration. Educational, Normal and Manual Training Schools. Women of the Alliance. Cordial relations between Germany and America. Universal peace movement. Legislation, Germanic Museum, Historical Research. Teachers' Seminary. Wavs and Means. Personal Liberty, Propaganda, Revision, Physicaf Culture (Turnen), National German-American Monument Fund Pastorius j. Finance (Treasurer's report), German- American literature articles, letters, contributions of poetry and prose, reviews, i^oems and Songs. Miscellaneous. etc., telegrams, etc., letters, etc.

—

:

;

:

.

(

Staats-Zeitung

Banquet,

Address 12:5

(in

GermanL

"'How

German

IHK

124

I'KN.N

r.KK.MANlA.

Americans Can Best Serve the United States," Jusepli Keller, of Indianapolis, "German Influence tipon Our National Ideals a Theme of the Scholar." I'rof. Dr. J. Goebel, Harvard, "The National GermanAmerican Alliance and the German Language," Prof Dr. Leo Stern. Milwaukee. "The National German-American Alliance, H. C. Bloedel. of I'ittsburg. Pa., "The German-American population of the U. S. and

American History," Prof. Dr. Albert

J-

W.

Kern, Columbia.

Resolutions. Public Li(in English). Personal Liberty, on Resolution^; brary and German-American Literature, etc., (Richard E. Helbig), Dr. C. J. Hexamer; First VicePresident, Officers: of Election President, [oseph Keller; Second Vice-President, John Tjarks; Third Fourth Vice-President, G. D. CappelVice-President, E. C. Stahl mann Secretary, Adolph Timm Treasurer, Hans Weniger FinanFifth Convention to be held in Cincincial Secretary, John Yenny. ;

nati,

;

;

;

O.

1909, Oct.

2.

At the ".North Cincinnati TurnFifth Convention in Cincinnati. Report of the National President. Acquisition of citizenship, Political activity for the elevation of American citizenfirst condition. halle."

Agreement with Hibernians has made ship but not party-politics. good impression. Universal confidence in the work of the National German-American Alliance, in its protest against Overman amendIncreased respect ment; all other National Organizations joined. and consideration for the German-American Element. German immigration has almost ceased. German language. Report of the National Secretary (Timm). Declining the Hearst P'ounding of Scholarships for the Seminary at Milwaukee proposal. Maryland: Baltiby: Pennsylvania: Philadelphia and Pittsburg. more. Illinois: Chicago. Fichte Celebration. General fight against General and great protest against Bill the Prohibition movement. H. R. 9086; Bill unconstitutional. Prohibition fight in South. Protest against laws, having the restriction of immigration as their object. Pastorious Monument. 1908 fight against Proiiibition. Important participation of German-American Element, during "Founders Week." at 225th Anniversary of the Founding of PhilaCordelphia, also 225th Anniversary of the settlement of Germantown in the German Parade 20,000' nerstone of Pastorius Monument laid members participated. Large and enthusiastic crowds. October 6th, :

;

1908.

Founding of

the Junior

Order of the National American

Alliance.

October 6tli, i(jo8. Statement and Appeal issued with an indorsement of "The NorthAmerican Turner lUmd." "Mitteilungen" (lUilletin) foinided as an organ of the National German-.American Alliance, Jamiary ist, 1909. Foreign Societies (German Societies of Canada, etc.) excluded from membership. Only National Germancitizens of the United States eligil)le as members American Alliance declines to become a member of "Deutcher Flotten;

verein"; Delegates to the National German-American Alliance sent to the International Convention of the Verein, Fuer Das Deutschtum Im Auslande, at Berlin (Learned, Stern, Viereck & Soergel). Success in the introduction of German in PubUc Scliools at Los

:

:

Till-:

XA'I lOXAI.

I.KKMA.X-AMIIKK AN

.125

A1.I.1AXC1-:

Angeles, Cal., l'",lizabetli, X. J., and Troy, X. Y., good prospects in other States. Delegate sent to (kn-many to represent Alliance at the Celebration of the completion of the "Herniainischlacht" Monntnent, (Prcs. of Brooklyn Branch, R. F. Schmidt) to tlie International l^'eace Congress, (Miss B. Hckstein).

The Women

Societies

and the Alliance.

Thirty-seventh Anniversary of the CV^rman Teachers' Association, at

New

York. June 29, 1909.

Successful Propaganda and organization at Houston, Tex., and San Antonio; other places are rapidly following. Honoring the parents of Dr. Hcxamer on the occasion of their

Golden Wedding. Agitation

for

celebration

of

the

150th

Birthday Anniversary of

Schiller on X^obember 10, 1909. Agita'tinn and close alliance of the German also in Alinnesota and Texas (Moersch).

Element

in

Alabama;

Appeal for the Teachers' Seminary. Success' everywhere and the German-American Element and ideals are being better appreciated and respected.

its

California, District of Statistics: Old State Branches' flourishing. •Columbia, Idaho. Indiana, ^Maryland, Alinnesota, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, W. ^^irginia, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Missouri, New York, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Virginia, Wisconsin. Four new State Branches formed or now in excellent condition

Michigan, Rhode Island, North Dakota, Oregon. Alabama, Texas and Washington arc being formed into strong State Branches. No branch in the State of Maine. Utah branch will shortly be formed. The consolidation of single societies into State Branches in all States proceeds steadily. The National German-American Alliance keenly feels the loss of the following prominent and patriotic German-American workers: Arno Leonhardt. Philadelphia; Herman Licber, Indianapolis; Carl LiebProf. Hanno nitz, St. Louis; Prof. Herman Mueller. I'rovidence Joseph NusChristopher Bauer, Wilmington Deiler, New Orleans ser, St. Joseph, Mo. Report of the State Presidents ;

;

;

California

(Herman)

Everything harmonious. No dissenting voices: very successful. Many clubs and societies are joining. German Day Celebration surplus about $1,500.

—

in

Under the direction of the German-American German in 16 schools; many German Schools

Alliance, instruction festivals.

Los Angeles introduces study of German. German House (Deutsches Ilaus) Society reports progress I'utzkcr elected to Honorary membership of the Society.

:

I^rof.

Celebration of Hermanns-Schlacht. Appreciation of the good work of the German-American press. Political but non-partisan activity.

Delaware (Ruhl) German-American Alliance of Delaware is being strengthened.

—

126

I'l-NN

Till-;

C.KHMANIA.

troubles successes for study of German iii' schools and against prohibition at the municipal elections in WilmingIll

bpilf of its internal

ton.

District of Columbia (Voelckner^ Kxcellcnt and harmonious work as well as loyalty to the National Alliance proved on every occasion. German-Americans of District took prominent part four times in public questions, with regard to: Study of German, Simms Bill, Hearing in regard to Sunday-Laws, Inauguration Parade in honor of President Taft. For the first time, imposing participation of German-American Ele.

ment. lasting impression on the public of the Capital of the

Very good and Nation.

Indiana (Keller). 1907, 68 Societies, 3,510 members; 1908, 68 Societies, 4,467 memNow 5 City Branches, 106 Societies with nearly 7,000 members. bers. Prospects Considerable political activity against fanatical Governor. German Theater. German-Day Celebrations. of hard fights ahead. Compulsory study of German sucFichte Anniversary Celebration. City Introduction of Physical Culture in large cities. cessful. Branch Evansville, has its own German School and Vacation School.

Kentucky (Haubig). In good financial condition and has now 4,900 against 4,300 memGerman vote decides in the Louisville election against bers in 1908. Founding of Civic Liberty League. Political activity Prohibition. non-partisan and principally cHrected against prohibition laws, etc. Introduction of the study of German in schools progressing. Maryland (Tjarks). Growth of State Branch. Successful as follows: Against Prohibition; advocating commission to stop wasteful extravagance on the part of le':2:i?lative bodies; representation of German-American element in school boards not yet successful in fight for revision of blue Fichte Anniversary Celebration Germanlaws, but making progress Day Celebration Festival for the benefit of Pastorius Monument, achieves surplus of $500 political protest against restriction of suffunds are still insufficient, but agitation is finding good field frage and prospects are very good. ^lassachusctts (Ebcrhardt). Warm interest for cause. Membership has increased to 8,000. ;

;

;

;

;

;

Many (jerman-American doubt

will

reach 10,000

fc-tivals.

mark

Propaganda.

Membership no

soon.

Minnesota (Moersch). works excellently. Rapid progress. German speaking countries than Ger-

year of State Branch, Americans, citizens from other First

many, arc also joining the Alliance. Political, non-partisan, activity. First impulse is given by State Branch for laws for the protection of the woikingmcn. Agitation for German study in schools; for emplovment of German teachers, etc. German Day Celebrations. Missouri (Lenz). Great progress made and many successes. Two new City Branches. Gernnn-American vote decides in municipal election. Most of the candidates supported by German-American voters elected, who stood for the side advocating personal liberty, against restriction and pro-

:

rilK

hibition.

NATIONAL

(

Governor Hadley

.I-:K

127

M AN-AM EUICA N ALLIANCK

elected.

Membership of State Branch

increases (juickl)-. City Branch JopHn (Gaengerich) reports: Success against prohibiSuccessful German-American participation at the Celebration tion. Successful paiticipation of German-American of Lincoln's Birthday. population at the encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic

:

veterans appreciate hospitality shown by German-American citizens. City Branch of St. Louis (Tolkacz) reports: Membership 82 SoMaking strong protest against cieties and 600 individual members. Prohibition Movement in against and Canteens Army Post of Closing German German Day. Fichte Anniversary Celebration. general. State of Committee German-American supported. well Theatre Branch, on Election of Public Officers, etc. Advocating State Com-

—

Festival to commemorate Hermannsschlacht. Participation in St. Louis Centennial Celebration. Celebration of 1501)1

mission on Immigration.

Birthday Anniversary of Schiller.

New York (Sutro). 6,000 members, 1907, Great success of German- American cause. Prosmembers. representing 40,000 allied, now over 400 societies (The German population pects to reach 100,000 membership figure. State Convention very of the State is estimated at over i^ millions.) j

successful.

German-American

political

activity

in

New York

Stati.-

Incorporated as State Against restrictive laws. very important. Branch. March 19, 1910. Activity for commission to revise Sunday Against Prohibition. Successful fight against the movement. laws-^. Maintenance and spreading principles of study of German in public Conservation of Forests. Purchase of State of Hercheimer schools. Homestead recommended. Good and lasting impression upon public Lccture> opinion, of all activities of the German-American Alliance. Participation on German-American history, the German drama, etc. Participation on Gerat German-American Teachers' Convention.

man-American Saengerfest.

Participation in the

Hudson- Fulton

Cel-

ebration.

New

Jersey (Lankering).

Very Successful and favorable reports from all countries. Hope for important results scrutuuzed. sharply are Legislature State before Bills successes. Though not very apparent, the inherent power of the German-Ameriitself ^tlll can Element of New Jersey cannot be denied, and will show more strongly at the first suitable occasion. political activitv for the principles of the Alliance.

Ohio (Schwaab). the State excellent spirit among German-American Lecpopulation. Celebration in manv cities of Fichte anniversaries. Collection of material of histures on German-American subjects.

Everywhere

in

German-Americans torical value of the German settlers, pioneers and Branches State 1 '.ranch has increased and now counts j8 of Chio Succeeded with over 50.000 members. towards liberal men. advocating personal

in

swinging the elections Governor Harnlon

liberty.

elected.

Pennsylvania (Bloedel). many Very succcs^^ful at two State Conventions. Establishment of two new County Branches. Successful fi-hts against Prohibition; on in .schools study German Option. Local against occaM-on"; victorious

;

THE

\2>^

makes -).

excellent progress.

500

societies with

]*romising even

if

I'ENN GliKMANIA. ]/

City and County Branches (increase of

over 60,000 members.

West \'irginia (Schramm). results are not yet very great. Wisconsin.

Further reports contained in the jirinted minutes of Flourishing. Reports, etc., of the Fifth National Convention (see Dornick, 1909). Committees on Resolutions, Establishing Cordial Relations Between America and Germany, German-American History and Historical Research, Lranigration, Afifairs of National German-American Alliance, :

German Language and Manual

— Noriual,

etc.,

Schools, Uniform German Writing (Antiqua), Schools, Teachers' Seminary in Milwaukee

Culture (Turnen), Germanic Museum, German-American German- American Theater, German- American Women's Soand ditto activities. Personal Liberty, Legislation and Laws,

Physical I'ress,

cieties

Conservation of Natural Resources of Forests, Revision, Ways and .Means, Propaganda, National German- American (Pastorius) Monu-

ment in Germantown, German-American Literature, articles', letters, contributions of poetry and prose. Reviews, etc.: Poems; Germans in Charlestown (dedicated to State Branch of Ohio) ;Three Centuries of German Life in America, by Rudolf Cronau Articles and Declaration on Prohibition Question (Nat G. A. A.) What is Sunday, by Peter A. Wildermuth, Esq. Next Convention to be held in Milwaukee. Wis. (later changed to Washington, D. C). Election of Officers of the Alliance: All present officers re-elected except John Yenny, in whose phu-c TTennan \Wdcr. of Philadelphia, is elected Financial Sec;

;

retary.

1911, Oct.

6.

Sixth Convemion in Washington, D. C, at New Hotel Willard. (Very successful and emimently important in every direction.") Report of National President (Hexamer) Excellent progress towards the aims of the Alliance. Excellent work being done by German-American Element everywhere. Rep(jrts and proposals are impressive, anticipating success and upholding of German- American ideals; many important achievements are com:

municated from

all the States of the Union. Public opinion takes apjjroving interest in Alliance. The broad masses begin to understand the value of the German Element in general and the aims and prin-

ciples of the National

German-American Alliance in particular. Moncommemorate memorv of Steuben and Muehlenl)erg. I'astorius Monument Fund of $25,000 collected with a substantial surplus. Recommending prize competition. Much work has yet to be done by National German-American Alliance in the direction .of rescuing the memory of illustrious German-Americans from oblivion. Establishment of Press-Bureau suggested. Exchange of Professors, of teachers and .scholars, visits by financial and industrial comuments erected

to

missions, etc., bring excellent results. Repeated urgent appeal to parents to help their offspring retain the German language; Prof. H. M. Ferren's excellent arlicle "Monolingualism" the curse of our country." Literature and the German Book World; German Department ni Public Libraries a necessity. Visits to Germany by Teachers of German at American Schools, Universities, etc. "'Greater independence, brnader views and less pedantrv" should be the watchword

;

THE NATIONAL

(

iKH.M Ai\-A MliKICA.N

Al.lTAN'CE

^2^.)

Institute of Historical Research at the University of Pennsylvania the German House. Dr. Albert J. W. Kern's excellent pamphlet '"The Germans in the Political Life of the United States." GermanAmerican History must be investigated by professional historians, not by amateurs. Definition of a "German-American." Junior (~)rder of German-American Alliance is supplemented by founding" of "Daughters of German Pioneers." of v^omen very valuable to Alliance. Aim To strive for and maintain the highest culture and ideals for the common good of our Nation. Report of National Secretary (Trimm) Three new consolidated State Branches were founded lyoy, Oct. 18, Alabama; Nov. 14, Texas; Nov. 16, Louisiana. National Presi-

-iind

WorK

:

:

:

dent and Secretary were present in San Antonio and New Orleans. American Historical Society; Prof. Goebel's paper (The Place of 'the German Element in American History). Badges: Acorn and 'Oak leaves or oak stem the present emblem is retained for badges for programs and large prints the emblem of State Branch of Chicago tree may be used to advantage. Founding of State Branch of Iowa, Feb. 3, 1910. Antiqua would simplify the teaching of German writing. Many German-Americans arc occupying public offices •or places of honor. Anglo-American Press correction of false or Central City Alliance of Elizabeth, N. J., is sucdistorted reports. ;

—

—

;

in introducing the study of German in the sixth grade, of seven schools. Settlement of the Palatine immigrants celebrated by anniversaries 200th anniversary of settlements of German-Swiss in New Bern, N. C. very successfully celebrated. Prof. Goebel orator •of the occasion. Vice President Cappelman represents Executive of .-Vlliance. State Branch of North Carolina founded on this occasion. Members of Committee on World's Peace movement. Miss Anna B. Eckstein represents National German-American Alliance at the InHawaii is assisted by Alliance in ternational Peace Conferences. Committee on Historical research asks for fighting Prohibition Bill. material from all States to be sent to committee for compilation and

'cessful

;

publication.

Dr. Hexamer. on March 10th, 1910, pleads before Congressional Committee for an appropriation towards erecting a National Monument for Pastorius and the first German Settlement at Germantown. He is ably seconded by Dr. Marion D. Learned and President Sutro oi the New York State Branch, Congressman Moore of Pennsylvania, and Bartholdt of Missouri. Mr. Chas. Schulz, of San Francisco, donates $100 for printing and distributing free of charge Prof. Jul. Goebel's pamphlet, "Thoughts on the Future of the German Element in America." June 15, Gcrman-Trish agreement strengthened by supplementary figreement; mutual unfurling of flags on historical occasions, on anniversaries and laying of wreaths on the tombs of the heroes of both jiationalities, etc.

July ,
activities of llu' (a'rman In the Cicrman the Teutonic peo])le. love of lil)ert\- isbalanced by a constructive sense for order, and great as his individualism i>. it is balanced by the con-

\vell

sciousness of his responsible relation to ci^mmunity. The importance of such a combination it is hard to overestimate when one considers the conditions necessary to the success of the Chica(jo Tridemocratic ex])eriment." the

h It lie.

phases and

bring to

Conference a sider

the

disci])linc'

T49

rejxjrt

be>t

\va\-

the next General of what they conto maintain proper

on the (|uestion."

A commillee who

of seven was apjxiinteil an address published in (iosl^ci

in

JlcraUl suggest

tlie

following:

|. That

each individual member of ihr Chm-ch take a look inward to see that hi> or JKT will is fully surrendered to Goil and if not. then wrestle with God in prayer uiuil llu- full surrender has bren made. "2. That we de\i)le more lime to a careful, prayerful study of the liible. '\^. That we put I'ible teachings into practice as fast as we learn them. '4. That our ministers make an effort to gel into closer touch with their mem:

bers. "5.

That our entire membership give

the ministry hearty support in ihe work of building u]) the Church and extending

her ])orders.

Mennonite At tile Ceneral Conf e r e n c e

Dress in

Mennonite Church

'u.woisuqof .\v.3\.i ppn 2^ and 2(), HM '. the following was among the questions considered: "As the tendency towards fashionable attire continues to be a growing evil in many i)ortions of the brotherhood, should Pa.,

(

)ctol)er

not this body a])poinl a committee whose duty it shall be to investigate conditions, make a thorough >ludy of the subject, formulate a remedy, and rejxirt at the next meeting n\ the (icncral Confer-

ence?" After a careful consideration of the question,

the

following

resolution

was

unanimously adopted 'A\'e reaffirm the position heretofore taken by both the Ccneral Conference and all our district conferences in support of separation from the world and \\'e I)elieve that modesty in apparel. the body of our people are willing to cooperate in the work of bringing ail our

people to the Gospel standard of simjilicity

and

spirituality.

We

recommend

that a committee of seven brethren be appointed to study the question in all its

"(). That the great liible doctrine of separation from the wtjrld. with all that it implies. l)e more definitely taught from the ])ul])il and more generally discussed

in the home affords.

and wherever opportunity

That in our teaching and personal diligence and forbearance, according to Gal. 6:1. "S.

work we use both " and American free ,t;ii\il

exists, as a

•

To dn this il i> ])r(i|)(»sed I)\' (.rnment. (h>seminalini; the^e facts to establisli l)ranc!ie> of the societx- in every city in the I nited State> and w here\'er there e.\ist>

sufficient

_i;ive

h'fe.

it

it

American is

|)atri()tism

to

also ])r(i])osed to eslah-

hsh an Amt'rican periodical dcN'nted tn the can>e of truth in placinj^- he fore the Aniei'icau people true ])rinci])les of Americanism in the interests of all the AmeiMcan people and not a small portion of them or of the cnmitry from whence lhe\' came. is also j)roi)osed to designate competent speakers and lecturers to deal with all ])hases of the (|ueslion and. in addition competent literary men to con1ril)ute literature and discussions on all 1

1

Mihiects.

AND THOUGHT a zeal world-outlook and which eciually tells of a tine Scriptural insight. This is what ho says :

'The various Lutheran bodies are gaining in organization, in ecjuipnicnt and inl-'or I)ene\olences they raised in i(;ii ^^,832,800. and paid something:, like $12,500,()00 in local exjjenses. Thc

numhers.

value of -their church properly reachesnearly $84,000,000. The number of in^litutions of various kinds which they maintain i> \er\ remarkable. They ha\e 2~ theological >eminaries with nearly 1.300 students, 42 colleges (of which all but 18 are co-educational J ^ ])ropcrt}worth 85,8(^0,000; 52with academies with over (^),ooo students, 8 colleges and seminaries for wc^men, O4 homes for or])hans. 35 homes for the aged. 5 home> for defectives. 9 deacon-

motherhouses, 44 hcjspitals, 9 hosimmigrants' antl seamen's missions, and 14 other institutions for children and the wa\'\vard.'

ess

pices, 11

''

Growth

of

'I'hc

Lutheran Churches on

"'J'he

l.iillicrnii

article

World

an 'by Dr. IVessler

recentlv

])ublished

I

1

without feeling of a certainty that an imier ]:>ower is at work in the Lutheran Church of North America. He is quite struck with this inner activity, this organizing and equipping, which bespeaks

workroom ot Wilhelm hangs

a scroll

on which

In

Philosophy

Churches as Dr. Carroll sees

Among

other things he says: "Dr. Carroll notes the advance among Lutherans with a critical interest. He is not astonished at this increase of memIt is bers, lie has gotten used to that. just a re])etilion of what he has often hit this time iu'retofore had to report. he has been struck with the meaning of these figures. He sees that it is not merely an adding u]) of figures. He finds an effectiveness about these Lutheran bodies which really is all the more sur])rising to him. considering the wide dicannot vcrsit}- of their organizations. imagine Dr. Carroll looking at all these several Lutheran .synods each independent of the other, and then at the list of the things which in spite of their divisions tliey have done and are doing, them."'

Kaiser

Kaiser's

the

is

set

.V forth the philosophy of the !£mperor. translation of the scroll from German into luiglish reccnil\- appeared in the Trihinu-. The translation Chica(/o

reads

"To

sorrow; not wishing unattainable or worthless; content with each day as it comes: seeking for the good in everything and enjoying nature and mankind as it is; finding solace in one happy hour for a thousand bitter ones, and always giving; be strong

for that

which

in

is

the best that is in one even though no learneth this thanks are received. lesson is happy, free and proud, and his But he who life will be a beautiful one.

Who

mistrusts only wrongs others and harms It is our duty to consider him.self. everyone good until the contrary is proved. The world is so large and we everything cannot possibly are so small If somethingrevolve around ourselves. injures us or causes us pain, who knows but what it is necessary for the good of

—

—

:

THE PENN GERMANIA

154

the whole creation? The great, wise will of the Almighty and Omnipotent Creator manifests itself in everything, animate or inanimate, in this world; we petty human beings lack only the wisdom As everything is, so to comprehend it. should it be, in this world and no matter how it is, it is always good in the eyes of the Creator/' ;

The chambers

in

Watch Trade

The industrial rise of Germany is the most remarkable bu

story of

modern times

—much

s

i

ne

more

s s

re-

markable, in fact, than the coincidental Rather less rise of the United States. than two generations ago, Germany was in the rear of the procession industrially. From a business point of view she resembled the Middle Ages rather than modern Europe. She was an old country, of course, and had no such vast stores of untapped natural resources as the United States. At present her foreign trade about equals our own. The chief cause of this rise, no doubt, is found in comprehensive and efficient organization with the Government lead-

******* ing.

The empire now

is

divided into about

one hundred and forty chamber-of-commerce districts, and the chambers of commerce are so intimately linked with the

Government

may be considered By undisputed pracCommerce exercises

it.

Minister of a large measure of control over them, directing the establishment of a new chamber wherever one seems needed, and ordering the consolidation or even dissolution of old ones when that seems expedient. The secretary of each chamber of commerce is virtually a Government official, and other members are given the courtesies due Government officials. The chambers are required to make annual reports to the Government, dealing exhaustively with trade, labor and industrial conditions in their districts.

*

*

These semi-official chambers of commerce are the primary means of communication between the Government and business of

all

sorts all over the empire.

For example, any disadvantage that a German exporter encounters or any influence that works anywhere against him is

at

once brought to the of commerce,

chamber

which looks over the case and quickly gets the ear of the Government if the obstacle is of a sort that governmental action of any kind might remove. All sorts of trade questions go to the

Government through the commerce in the district arise. On the other hand ment works through the commerce in distributing

chamber of where they the Governchambers of

information, of commerce also take a hand in promoting and supporting commercial schools, lectures on foreign trade, and the like. The chambers of commerce, in fact, supply the groundwork of a comprehensive organization that keeps the Government immediately in touch with trade. All this,

and so on.

The chambers

you will say, sounds very "paternalistic." Probably it does but it brings results, as any one can see by glancing at the imposing figures of German commerce. Saturday Evening Post. ;

that they

fairly a part of tice the

;;:

:;;

in foreign trade notice of his

How Germans

cases appoint

certain

e.xpcrt investigators. ^t * *

The Government

upon them and opinions.

calls

at other times for reports

Germans in Kentucky

The Louisville Anceigcr recently called attention to the message of the governor of Kentucky to the Legislature, particularly to his remarks about the pressing necessity of raising agricultural affairs in the state and encouraging migration to the

state.

He

continues

"Man

sich im Laufe der Zeit klar geworden, dasz der deutsche lunwandcrer schlieszhch doch Eigenschaften besitzt welche dem Staate zum nutzen gcreichen, falls man ihnen freien v^pielraum gonnt. Ein sonderbares Schauspiel dasz nicht verfehlen wird, un-

dariiber

ist

—

CURRENT LIFE AND THOUGHT serealteingesessenen teressiren: Friiher

Deutsclien vcrtrieb

zu

in-

man den

Einwanderer aiis Kentucky, und infolge der Gewaltszenen, welche Unduldsamkeit und Vorurtheil zeigten,

deutschen

bewog man

andere, den Staat iingstlich

zu meiden. "Aber heute ist das andcrs. Heute bemithen sich die Staatsrcgierung und Privatgesellschaften, den Einwanderer insbesondere den deutschen, zu bewegen, sich in Kentucky nieder-

zahlreiche

zulassen, auf dasz er die Fclder urbar mache und dergestalt zum Gesamtreichtum des Staates sein erhebUch Teil Durch Schaden ist man khig beitrage.

geworden. Wohl weniger eine gesteigzuneigung fiir ihn, als die Er-

erte

kenntnis, seines Fleiszes und seiner Tiichtigkeit zu bediirfen, haben unsere Bchorden nicht nur, sondern die ganze Bevolkerung veranlaszt, formlich um die Gunst des deutschen Rauern zu werben. Uns Deutsche, die wir den Wert der Arbeit, der Ausdauer, der Geniigsamkeit des deutschen Ackerbauers um nurvon

—

—

diesem zu reden kennen, erfiillt es mit einem Gefiihle inniger Genugtuung, dasz endhch das eingetreten ist, was folge-

He meets the empress at eight o'clock and they breakfast together. The meal usually consists of coffee,

butter

By 8.30 he is seated at his desk in his study, which belongs to his royal suite, where he has absolute quiet. Here he is awaited by his adjutants. glance at the room shows that this is a "business office," not a lounging room for a king. On the wall are hung a few interesting

A

but simple pictures. The polished floors are covered with a few handsome rugs, and there are several tables used for

documents and typewriters. The secretary is always ready for work when the emperor reaches his desk at 8.30.

He is a hustler in the fullest sense of the word, and has such an appreciation for American energy that when he wishes to compliment Americans he says, "I can use only Americans for my work." He is a thorough business man, and has studied all the important industries of Europe and America.

Albert Ballin

:

maszgebenden Behorden."

rolls,

and cold meat.

richtig unausbleibHch war die richtige Einschatzung seiner Eigenschaften seitens der

155

Exchange.

There is probably no more interesting development

in

the

ap-

plication of engineering to industry than

growth of the German merchant marine, and hence we believe that the portrait of Herr Albert Ballin, under whose active management much of this progress has been made, will be of interest to our readers. Albert Ballin was born at Hamburg, on August 15, 1857, and, after his graduthe

Kaiser a Business

If

Man

all

the

rulers

Europe should make bid

for

the

title

of a of

it would undoubtedgo to the emperor of Germany. He is an untiring worker, and loves work better than all else except his army. Nobody can be in Wilhelm's employ, whether he occupies an important position in the

"business" monarch, ly

army or

is

servant in the royal house-

and be an idler. His rational mode of living is one of the main reasons for his ability to do so much work. Though he has a beautiful

hold,

palace in Berlin the royal family live most of the time at Potsdam, a suburb, so that the emperor can work quietly. He goes into the city every day by means of a fast-fiying auto car.

ation

from the Gymnasium

at

Hamburg,

he entered his father's shipping company, in connection with which he spent considerable time in England, thus acquiring at first hand a thorough knowledge of British methods. In his twenty-ninth year he became general passenger agent of the Carr line, a powerful rival of the Hamburg-American Line, and in 1886 he entered the service of the Hamburg, American Line as manager of the passenger business. Here his ability made itself apparent, and he was soon advanced to membership in the board of

—

1

•

THE PEXN GERMAXIA

50

and he

lircctors.

been cliairman of llaml)urg for a

lias

(hrectors at

the board of number of years.

of his able and vigorous apparent in the dominatnianagenienl ing position which the Hamburg-. \meriean Line has taken in ocean transport during the period of his incumbency. The deet has been increased from twentysix small steamshii)s to more than four 'I'he

result

is

hundred vessels, the largest Heel sailing under a single hou.se flag, 'i'he capitalization of

from

tile

fifteen

company has been raised million marks t(» one hun-

dred and twenty-five million marks, and the tonnage now reaches the hgures oi ouf milliMii. i\\(i hundred and ten thouslambin-g-Amcrican ion>. The auil Line now includes si.xty-eight different services, with more than three hundred 1

of

l)orts

Much bfc-n

due

call.

of this tremendous growth has to the energy and aljility of the

of the line, and the development, not only of comfort and luxm\v on regular lines of travel, but also in the inauguration of pleasure cruises, lias re-

tiitioitally. a mean spirit when they donot measure up respectably with others in pastoral supi)ort and general benevo-

lence.

and experience teach )bservation hands to move more no are there that promptlv and liberally, too. to the noblest iminilses of the heart than those so often accused of stinginess; and there ••(

are no hearts that are more sympathetic and resixinsive to any just aiipeal than the (k'rnian heart by whatever language It the permanent heart imis used. pulses are wanting and, therefore, the ,

liands are closed, where lies the radical of the state of things so often The answer is clear and lamented?

cause

lack of proper cultivation, not meant a specious effort now and then, but an effort, as all educational ])rocesses must be wise, constant, simple.

and

b\-

///

this

///(

is

l)ri)i>ressi\-e.

^^

lieafl

sulted from his initiative and activity. 'I'he recognition of merit in invenlioiis and the appreciation of the fact thai the

modern steamship is essentiall\' a hotel of the highest class, in addition to its function as a means of safe and certain transjHjrt. have had much to do with the ijcvclopment of the Hamburg-American Line, and it is to the wise administration of llerr liallin along these lines that much of the eminence of (lermanv on the seas is due. (.'ussier' s Maya.zinc.

To

Penna-German Stinginess

I

are ihe

l\\-/i>niii-(l

rei)l\

(

the

charge that -( Germans

'I'imsylvania

liitnli

stingy

a

writer

Record makes

in

this

:

"A

people that will build and prijmplly fine large churches, furnished with the very best organs and artistic furniture and decorations, even in the very hills of eastern Pennsylvania, arc not to be accused with having, consti-

pay for

A

A Kansas Utopia

certain

country

town has 2,500 poi)ulation.

is

not

the count}'

from the nearest cil\ and depends almost entireh' u])on the neighboring farms for its prosIn ajjpearance this t(jwn differs l)eril\. little from a thousand others of its class, excej)! that the three garages are a surseat, is

])rise,

more than

forty miles

and the lawns and houses might be as neater and more trim than

remembered ordinary.

.\sk a {(uestion and it leads you far. \'ou notice perhaps that the press of the

cnnnlry newspaper is nm by an electric motor. The power and light plant is the property of the town and pays a revenue of S500 a month into the public treasury. The heating plant for down town stores also is owned by the people. It utilizes the waste stream from the power plant and cuts the merchants' fuel bills in half.

A

country physician's son, who in this town now is completing a $50,000 hospital for general practice, has credit for the suggestion that the steam be connected with the water system, so that if the water pipes ever become infected they

little

—

—

—

CURRENT \AFE AND THOUGHT sterilized with live slcaivi. To municipal liglu, water and lieating j)lant is attached a i)rivate ice factory wliich sells pure ice made from sterilized water at 45 cents a hundred pounds. A wholesale ice cream factory buying real ciiuntry cream to sell again for 80 cents a gallon uses the cold salt water from

3nay be tills

—

—

the ice

])Iant.

found in other helds. L'ncle John .Mowdor, a farmer. n>;iw comfortably rich and with spare time to improve his "form"" in horseshoe Ilelpful co-operation

i>

uses his little fortune as a ])rivate remedial loan fund for townspeople who lung to own a home, and the woman who

c)uoits.

makes

(jnills

for the countryside, the

boy

who

runs the peanut stand, a clerk in a general store and a tinner's hel])er are respected property owners. The town Ijoasts that every laborer who has lived in the ])lace five }ears owns a home, and that L'ncle John never has lost a dollar on man}- risky securities. In the neighborhood there are a number of the Amish sect whose daughters, a- a matter of religious principles, will