The Norton Introduction to Literature [Shorten 13th ed.] 0393664945, 9780393664942

Table of contents :
The Norton Introduction to Literature, Shorter 13E
Title Page
Copyright
Brief Table of Contents
Contents
Preface for Instructors
Introduction
What Is Literature?
What Does Literature Do?
JOHN KEATS, On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer
What Are the Genres of Literature?
Why Read Literature?
Why Study Literature?
HAI-DANG PHAN, My Father’s “Norton Introduction to Literature,” Third Edition (1981)
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Hai-Dang Phan
JOHN CROWE RANSOM, Bells for John Whiteside’s Daughter
PART ONE. Fiction
1. Fiction: Reading, Responding, Writing
ANONYMOUS, The Elephant in the Village of the Blind
Reading and Responding to Fiction
LINDA BREWER, 20/20
SAMPLE WRITING: Annotation and Notes on “20/20”
Reading and Responding to Graphic Fiction
JULES FEIFFER, Superman
Writing about Fiction
RAYMOND CARVER, Cathedral
SAMPLE WRITING: Reading Notes on “Cathedral”
SAMPLE WRITING: Response Paper on “Cathedral”
SAMPLE WRITING: Essay on “Cathedral”
Telling Stories: An Album
GRACE PALEY, A Conversation with My Father
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Grace Paley
ANTON CHEKHOV, Gooseberries
TIM O’BRIEN, The Lives of the Dead
UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT
2. Plot
Plot versus Action, Sequence, and Subplot
Pace
Conflicts
GARY TRUDEAU, Doonesbury
JACOB AND WILHELM GRIMM, The Shroud
The Five Parts of Plot
Common Plot Types
RALPH ELLISON, King of the Bingo Game
JAMES BALDWIN, Sonny’s Blues
JOYCE CAROL OATES, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Joyce Carol Oates
VIET THANH NGUYEN, I’d Love You to Want Me
SAMPLE WRITING: Essay on “King of the Bingo Game"
Initiation Stories: An Album
TONI CADE BAMBARA, The Lesson
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Toni Cade Bambara
ALICE MUNRO, Boys and Girls
JOHN UPDIKE, A & P
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: John Updike
3. Narration and Point of View
Types of Narration
Tense
Narrator versus Implied Author
EDGAR ALLAN POE, The Cask of Amontillado
GEORGE SAUNDERS, Puppy
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: George Saunders
VIRGINIA WOOLF, The Mark on the Wall
ADAM JOHNSON, Interesting Facts
4. Character
Heroes and Villains versus Protagonists and Antagonists
Major versus Minor Characters
Flat versus Round and Static versus Dynamic Characters
Stock Characters and Archetypes
Reading Character in Fiction and Life
WILLIAM FAULKNER, Barn Burning
TONI MORRISON, Recitatif
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Toni Morrison
DAVID FOSTER WALLACE, Good People
ALISSA NUTTING, Model’s Assistant
Monsters: An Album
MARGARET ATWOOD, Lusus Naturae
KAREN RUSSELL, St. Lucy’s Home for Girls Raised by Wolves
JORGE LUIS BORGES, The House of Asterion
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Jorge Luis Borges
5. Setting
Temporal and Physical, General and Particular Setting
Functions of Setting
Vague and Vivid Settings
ITALO CALVINO, from Invisible Cities
MARGARET MITCHELL, from Gone with the Wind
Traditional Expectations of Time and Place
ALICE RANDALL, from The Wind Done Gone
JAMES JOYCE, Araby
AMY TAN, A Pair of Tickets
JUDITH ORTIZ COFER, Volar
ANNIE PROULX, Job History
SAMPLE WRITING: Annotation and Close Reading on “Araby"
The Future: An Album
WILLIAM GIBSON, The Gernsback Continuum
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: William Gibson
RAY BRADBURY, The Veldt
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Ray Bradbury
OCTAVIA E. BUTLER, Bloodchild
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Octavia E. Butler
JENNIFER EGAN, Black Box
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Jennifer Egan
6. Symbol and Figurative Language
Literary Symbolism
Figures of Speech
Interpreting Symbolism and Figurative Language
NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE, The Birth-Mark
A. S. BYATT, The Thing in the Forest
EDWIDGE DANTICAT, A Wall of Fire Rising
SAMPLE WRITING: Comparative Essay on “The Birth-Mark” and “The Thing in the Forest"
7. Theme
AESOP, The Two Crabs
Theme(s): Singular or Plural?
Be Specific: Theme as Idea versus Topic or Subject
Don’t Be Too Specific: Theme as General Idea
Theme versus Moral
STEPHEN CRANE, The Open Boat
GABRIEL GARCÍA MÁRQUEZ, A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings: A Tale for Children
YASUNARI KAWABATA, The Grasshopper and the Bell Cricket
JUNOT DÍAZ, Wildwood
Cross-Cultural Encounters: An Album
BHARATI MUKHERJEE, The Management of Grief
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Bharati Mukherjee
JHUMPA LAHIRI, Interpreter of Maladies
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Jhumpa Lahiri
DAVID SEDARIS, Jesus Shaves
EXPLORING CONTEXTS
8. The Author’s Work as Context: Flannery O’Connor
Biographical Approaches to Literature
Implied Author or Narrator
Style and Tone
Three Stories by Flannery O’Connor
A Good Man Is Hard to Find
Good Country People
Everything That Rises Must Converge
Passages from Flannery O’Connor’s Essays and Letters
Critical Excerpts
MARY GORDON, from Flannery’s Kiss
ANN E. REUMAN, from Revolting Fictions: Flannery O’Connor’s Letter to Her Mother
EILEEN POLLACK, from Flannery O’Connor and the New Criticism
9. Cultural and Historical Contexts: Women in Turn-of-the-Century America
Women at the Turn of the Century: An Overview
Women Writers in a Changing World
KATE CHOPIN, The Story of an Hour
CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN, The Yellow Wallpaper
SUSAN GLASPELL, A Jury of Her Peers
Contextual Excerpts
CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN, from Similar Cases
from Women and Economics
BARBARA BOYD, from Heart and Home Talks: Politics and Milk
MRS. ARTHUR LYTTELTON, from Women and Their Work
RHETA CHILDE DORR, from What Eight Million Women Want
The New York Times, from Mrs. Delong Acquitted
The Washington Post, from The Chances of Divorce
CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN, from Why I Wrote “The Yellow Wall-paper”
The Washington Post, The Rest Cure
The Washington Post, from Egotism of the Rest Cure
10. Critical Contexts: Tim O’Brien’s “The Things They Carried"
TIM O’BRIEN, The Things They Carried
Critical Excerpts
STEVEN KAPLAN, from The Undying Uncertainty of the Narrator in Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried
LORRIE N. SMITH, from “The Things Men Do”: The Gendered Subtext in Tim O’Brien’s Esquire Stories
SUSAN FARRELL, from Tim O’Brien and Gender: A Defense of The Things They Carried
READING MORE FICTION
LOUISE ERDRICH, Love Medicine
WILLIAM FAULKNER, A Rose for Emily
ERNEST HEMINGWAY, Hills Like White Elephants
FRANZ KAFKA, A Hunger Artist
JAMAICA KINCAID, Girl
BOBBIE ANN MASON, Shiloh
GUY DE MAUPASSANT, The Jewelry
HERMAN MELVILLE, Bartleby, the Scrivener: A Story of Wall Street
EUDORA WELTY, Why I Live at the P.O
PART TWO. Poetry
11. Poetry: Reading, Responding, Writing
Defining Poetry
LYDIA DAVIS, Head, Heart
AUTHORS ON THEIR CRAFT: Billy Collins
Poetic Subgenres and Kinds
EDWIN ARLINGTON ROBINSON, Richard Cory
ROBERT FROST, “Out, Out—"
THOMAS HARDY, The Ruined Maid
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, I wandered lonely as a cloud
FRANK O’HARA, Poem [Lana Turner has collapsed!]
PHILLIS WHEATLEY, On Being Brought from Africa to America
EMILY DICKINSON, The Sky is low—the Clouds are mean
BILLY COLLINS, Divorce
BRUCE SPRINGSTEEN, Nebraska
ROBERT HAYDEN, A Letter from Phillis Wheatley
Responding to Poetry
APHRA BEHN, On Her Loving Two Equally
Writing about Poetry
SAMPLE WRITING: Response Paper on “On Her Loving Two Equally"
SAMPLE WRITING: Essay on “On Her Loving Two Equally"
The Art of (Reading) Poetry: An Album
HOWARD NEMEROV, Because You Asked about the Line between Prose and Poetry
ARCHIBALD MACLEISH, Ars Poetica
CZESLAW MILOSZ, Ars Poetica?
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Czeslaw Milosz
ELIZABETH ALEXANDER, Ars Poetica #100: I Believe
MARIANNE MOORE, Poetry
JULIA ALVAREZ, “Poetry Makes Nothing Happen"?
BILLY COLLINS, Introduction to Poetry
UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT
12. Speaker: Whose Voice Do We Hear?
Narrative Poems and Their Speakers
ETHERIDGE KNIGHT, Hard Rock Returns to Prison from the Hospital for the Criminal Insane
Speakers in the Dramatic Monologue
A. E. STALLINGS, Hades Welcomes His Bride
The Lyric and Its Speaker
MARGARET ATWOOD, Death of a Young Son by Drowning
AUTHORS ON THEIR CRAFT: Billy Collins and Sharon Olds
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, She Dwelt among the Untrodden Ways
DOROTHY PARKER, A Certain Lady
Poems for Further Study
WALT WHITMAN, I celebrate myself, and sing myself
LANGSTON HUGHES, Ballad of the Landlord
E. E. CUMMINGS, next to of course god america i
GWENDOLYN BROOKS, We Real Cool
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Gwendolyn Brooks
LUCILLE CLIFTON, cream of wheat
Exploring Gender: An Album
RICHARD LOVELACE, Song: To Lucasta, Going to the Wars
MARY, LADY CHUDLEIGH, To the Ladies
WILFRED OWEN, Disabled
ELIZABETH BISHOP, Exchanging Hats
DAVID WAGONER, My Father’s Garden
JUDITH ORTIZ COFER, The Changeling
MARIE HOWE, Practicing
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Marie Howe
BOB HICOK, O my pa-pa
TERRANCE HAYES, Mr. T—
STACEY WAITE, The Kind of Man I Am at the DMV
13. Situation and Setting: What Happens? Where? When?
Situation
RITA DOVE, Daystar
DENISE DUHAMEL, Humanity 101
TRACY K. SMITH, Sci-Fi
Setting
MATTHEW ARNOLD, Dover Beach
One Poem, Multiple Situations and Settings
LI-YOUNG LEE, Persimmons
One Situation and Setting, Multiple Poems
CHRISTOPHER MARLOWE, The Passionate Shepherd to His Love
SIR WALTER RALEIGH, The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd
The Occasional Poem
MARTÍN ESPADA, Litany at the Tomb of Frederick Douglass
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Martín Espada
The Carpe Diem Poem
JOHN DONNE, The Flea
ANDREW MARVELL, To His Coy Mistress
The Aubade
JOHN DONNE, The Sun Rising
JAMES RICHARDSON, Late Aubade
Poems for Further Study
TERRANCE HAYES, Carp Poem
NATASHA TRETHEWEY, Pilgrimage
MAHMOUD DARWISH, Identity Card
YEHUDA AMICHAI, On Yom Kippur in 1967 . . .
YUSEF KOMUNYAKAA, Tu Do Street
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Yusef Komunyakaa
Homelands: An Album
MAYA ANGELOU, Africa
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Maya Angelou
DEREK WALCOTT, A Far Cry from Africa
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Derek Walcott
JUDITH ORTIZ COFER, The Latin Deli: An Ars Poetica
CATHY SONG, Heaven
AGHA SHAHID ALI, Postcard from Kashmir
ADRIENNE SU, Escape from the Old Country
14. Theme and Tone
Tone
W. D. SNODGRASS, Leaving the Motel
Theme
MAXINE KUMIN, Woodchucks
ADRIENNE RICH, Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Adrienne Rich
Theme and Conflict
ADRIENNE SU, On Writing
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Adrienne Su
Poems for Further Study
PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR, Sympathy
W. H. AUDEN, Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone
KAY RYAN, Repulsive Theory
MAYA ANGELOU, Still I Rise
SAMPLE WRITING: Response Paper on Auden’s “Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone"
Family: An Album
SIMON J. ORTIZ, My Father’s Song
ROBERT HAYDEN, Those Winter Sundays
ELLEN BRYANT VOIGT, My Mother
MARTÍN ESPADA, Of the Threads That Connect the Stars
EMILY GROSHOLZ, Eden
PHILIP LARKIN, This Be the Verse
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Philip Larkin
JIMMY SANTIAGO BACA, Green Chile
PAUL MARTÍNEZ POMPA, The Abuelita Poem
CHARLIE SMITH, The Business
ANDREW HUDGINS, Begotten
15. Language: Word Choice and Order
Precision and Ambiguity
SARAH CLEGHORN, The golf links lie so near the mill
MARTHA COLLINS, Lies
Denotation and Connotation
WALTER DE LA MARE, Slim Cunning Hands
THEODORE ROETHKE, My Papa’s Waltz
Word Order and Placement
SHARON OLDS, Sex without Love
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Sharon Olds
Poems for Further Study
WILLIAM BLAKE, London
GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS, Pied Beauty
WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS, The Red Wheelbarrow
This Is Just to Say
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: William Carlos Williams
KAY RYAN, Blandeur
MARTHA COLLINS, white paper #24
A. E. STALLINGS, Shoulda, Woulda, Coulda
16. Visual Imagery and Figures of Speech
DAVID BOTTOMS, Hubert Blankenship
CLAUDE MCKAY, The Harlem Dancer
LYNN POWELL, Kind of Blue
Simile and Analogy
TODD BOSS, My Love for You Is So Embarrassingly
Metaphor
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, That time of year thou mayst in me behold
LINDA PASTAN, Marks
Personification
EMILY DICKINSON, Because I could not stop for Death—
Metonymy and Synecdoche
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, London, 1802
TRACY K. SMITH, Ash
EMMA BOLDEN, House Is an Enigma
Allusion
AMIT MAJMUDAR, Dothead
PATRICIA LOCKWOOD, What Is the Zoo for What
Poems for Further Study
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?
ANONYMOUS, The Twenty-Third Psalm
JOHN DONNE, Batter my heart, three-personed God
RANDALL JARRELL, The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner
JOY HARJO, The Woman Hanging from the Thirteenth Floor Window
JOHN BREHM, Sea of Faith
17. Symbol
The Invented Symbol
JAMES DICKEY, The Leap
The Traditional Symbol
EDMUND WALLER, Song
DOROTHY PARKER, One Perfect Rose
The Symbolic Poem
WILLIAM BLAKE, The Sick Rose
Poems for Further Study
JOHN KEATS, Ode to a Nightingale
ROBERT FROST, The Road Not Taken
HOWARD NEMEROV, The Vacuum
ADRIENNE RICH, Diving into the Wreck
ROO BORSON, After a Death
BRIAN TURNER, Jundee Ameriki
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Brian Turner
SHARON OLDS, Bruise Ghazal
18. The Sounds of Poetry
Rhyme
Other Sound Devices
ALEXANDER POPE, from The Rape of the Lock
Sound Poems
HELEN CHASIN, The Word Plum
ALEXANDER POPE, Sound and Sense
Poetic Meter
SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE, Metrical Feet
ANONYMOUS, There was a young girl from St. Paul
ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON, from The Charge of the Light Brigade
JANE TAYLOR, The Star
ANNE BRADSTREET, To My Dear and Loving Husband
JESSIE POPE, The Call
WILFRED OWEN, Dulce et Decorum Est
Poems for Further Study
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, Like as the waves make towards the pebbled shore
GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS, The Windhover
AMIT MAJMUDAR, Ode to a Drone
WALT WHITMAN, A Noiseless Patient Spider
KEVIN YOUNG, Ode to Pork
Word and Music: An Album
THOMAS CAMPION, When to Her Lute Corinna Sings
ANONYMOUS, Sir Patrick Spens
DUDLEY RANDALL, Ballad of Birmingham
AUGUSTUS MONTAGUE TOPLADY, A Prayer, Living and Dying
ROBERT HAYDEN, Homage to the Empress of the Blues
BOB DYLAN, The Times They Are A-Changin’
LINDA PASTAN, Listening to Bob Dylan, 2005
MOS DEF, Hip Hop
JOSE B. GONZALEZ, Elvis in the Inner City
19. Internal Structure
Dividing Poems into “Parts"
PAT MORA, Sonrisas
Internal versus External or Formal “Parts"
GALWAY KINNELL, Blackberry Eating
Lyrics as Internal Dramas
SEAMUS HEANEY, Punishment
SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE, Frost at Midnight
SHARON OLDS, The Victims
Making Arguments about Structure
Poems without “Parts"
WALT WHITMAN, I Hear America Singing
Poems for Further Study
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, Th’ expense of spirit in a waste of shame
PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY, Ode to the West Wind
PHILIP LARKIN, Church Going
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Philip Larkin
KATIE FORD, Still-Life
KEVIN YOUNG, Greening
SAMPLE WRITING: Essay in Progresson “Church Going”
20. External Form
Stanzas
Traditional Stanza Forms
ROBERT FROST, Acquainted with the Night
RICHARD WILBUR, Terza Rima
Traditional Verse Forms
Fixed Forms or Form-Based Subgenres
Traditional Forms: Poems for Further Study
DYLAN THOMAS, Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night
NATASHA TRETHEWEY, Myth
ELIZABETH BISHOP, Sestina
A. E. STALLINGS, Sestina: Like
The Way a Poem Looks
E. E. CUMMINGS, l(a
Buffalo Bill’s
Concrete Poetry
GEORGE HERBERT, Easter Wings
MAY SWENSON, Women
The Sonnet: An Album
FRANCESCO PETRARCH, Upon the breeze she spread her golden hair
HENRY CONSTABLE, My lady’s presence makes the roses red
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE, My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun
Not marble, nor the gilded monuments
Let me not to the marriage of true minds
JOHN MILTON, When I consider how my light is spent
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH, Nuns Fret Not
The world is too much with us
ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING, How Do I Love Thee?
CHRISTINA ROSSETTI, In an Artist’s Studio
EDNA ST. VINCENT MILLAY, What lips my lips have kissed, and where, and why
Women have loved before as I love now
I, being born a woman and distressed
I will put Chaos into fourteen lines
GWENDOLYN BROOKS, First Fight. Then Fiddle.
GWEN HARWOOD, In the Park
JUNE JORDAN, Something Like a Sonnet for Phillis Miracle Wheatley
BILLY COLLINS, Sonnet
HARRYETTE MULLEN, Dim Lady
Haiku: An Album
Traditional Japanese Haiku
CHIYOJO, Whether astringent
BASHŌ, A village without bells—
This road—
BUSON, Coolness—
Listening to the moon
One Haiku, Four Translations
LAFCADIO HEARN, Old pond
CLARA A. WALSH, An old-time pond
EARL MINER, The still old pond
ALLEN GINSBERG, The old pond
Contemporary English-Language Haiku
EZRA POUND, In a Station of the Metro
ALLEN GINSBERG, Looking over my shoulder
RICHARD WRIGHT, In the falling snow
ETHERIDGE KNIGHT, Eastern guard tower
The falling snow flakes
Making jazz swing in
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Etheridge Knight
MARK JARMAN, Haiku
SONIA SANCHEZ, from 9 Haiku (for Freedom’s Sisters)
SUE STANDING, Diamond Haiku
LINDA PASTAN, In the Har-Poen Tea Garden
Twaiku
EXPLORING CONTEXTS
21. The Author’s Work as Context: Adrienne Rich
The Poetry of Adrienne Rich
Poems by Adrienne Rich
At a Bach Concert
Storm Warnings
Living in Sin
Snapshots of a Daughter-in-Law
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Adrienne Rich
Planetarium
For the Record
My mouth hovers across your breasts
History
Transparencies
Tonight No Poetry Will Serve
Passages from Rich’s Essays
From When We Dead Awaken: Writing as Re-Vision
From A Communal Poetry
From Why I Refused the National Medal for the Arts
From Poetry and the Forgotten Future
A Poem for Adrienne Rich
Joy HARJO, By the Way
SAMPLE WRITING: Comparative Essay on Sonnets by Shakespeare and Millay
Emily Dickinson: An Album
Poems by Emily Dickinson
Wild Nights—Wild Nights!
“Hope” is the thing with feathers—
After great pain, a formal feeling comes—
I heard a Fly buzz—when I died
My Life had stood—a Loaded Gun—
I stepped from Plank to Plank
Tell all the truth but tell it slant—
Poems about Emily Dickinson
WENDY COPE, Emily Dickinson
HART CRANE, To Emily Dickinson
BILLY COLLINS, Taking Off Emily Dickinson’s Clothes
W. B. Yeats: An Album
Poems by W. B. Yeats
The Lake Isle of Innisfree
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: W. B. Yeats
All Things Can Tempt Me
Easter 1916
The Second Coming
Leda and the Swan
Sailing to Byzantium
A Poem about W. B. Yeats
W. H. AUDEN, In Memory of W. B. Yeats
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: W. H. Auden
Pat Mora: An Album
Elena
Gentle Communion
Mothers and Daughters
La Migra
Ode to Adobe
22. The Author’s Work as Context: William Blake’s Songs of Innocence and of Experience
Color Insert: Facsimile Pages from Songs of Innocence and of Experience William Blake’s Songs of Innocence and of Experience
Songs of Innocence
Introduction
The Ecchoing Green
Holy Thursday
The Lamb
The Chimney Sweeper
Songs of Experience
Introduction
The Tyger
The Garden of Love
The Chimney Sweeper
Holy Thursday
23. Cultural and Historical Contexts: The Harlem Renaissance
Poems of the Harlem Renaissance
ARNA BONTEMPS, A Black Man Talks of Reaping
COUNTEE CULLEN, Yet Do I Marvel
Saturday’s Child
From the Dark Tower
ANGELINA GRIMKÉ, The Black Finger
Tenebris
LANGSTON HUGHES, Harlem
The Weary Blues
The Negro Speaks of Rivers
I, Too
HELENE JOHNSON, Sonnet to a Negro in Harlem
CLAUDE MCKAY, Harlem Shadows
If We Must Die
The Tropics in New York
America
The White House
Contextual Excerpts
JAMES WELDON JOHNSON, from the preface to The Book of American Negro Poetry
ALAIN LOCKE, from The New Negro
RUDOLPH FISHER, from The Caucasian Storms Harlem
W. E. B. DU BOIS, from Two Novels
ZORA NEALE HURSTON, How It Feels to Be Colored Me
LANGSTON HUGHES, from The Big Sea
SAMPLE WRITING: Research Essay on “I, Too"
24. Critical Contexts: Sylvia Plath’s “Daddy”
SYLVIA PLATH, Daddy
Critical Excerpts
GEORGE STEINER, from Dying Is an Art
A. ALVAREZ, from Sylvia Plath
IRVING HOWE, from The Plath Celebration: A Partial Dissent
JUDITH KROLL, from Rituals of Exorcism: “Daddy"
MARY LYNN BROE, from Protean Poetic: The Poetry of Sylvia Plath
MARGARET HOMANS, from A Feminine Tradition
PAMELA J. ANNAS, from A Disturbance in Mirrors: The Poetry of Sylvia Plath
STEVEN GOULD AXELROD, from Sylvia Plath: The Wound and the Cure of Words
LISA NARBESHUBER, from The Poetics of Torture: The Spectacle of Sylvia Plath’s Poetry
READING MORE POETRY
W. H. AUDEN, Musée des Beaux Arts
ROBERT BROWNING, My Last Duchess
KELLY CHERRY,, Alzheimer’s
SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE, Kubla Khan
E. E. CUMMINGS, in Just-
JOHN DONNE, Death, be not proud
The Good-Morrow
Song
A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning
PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR, We Wear the Mask
T. S. ELIOT, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
ROBERT FROST, Fire and Ice
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
SEAMUS HEANEY, Digging
GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS, God’s Grandeur
Spring and Fall
BEN JONSON, On My First Son
JOHN KEATS, Ode on a Grecian Urn
To Autumn
YUSEF KOMUNYAKAA, Facing It
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Yusef Komunyakaa
LINDA PASTAN, To a Daughter Leaving Home
MARGE PIERCY, Barbie Doll
SYLVIA PLATH, Lady Lazarus
Morning Song
EDGAR ALLAN POE, The Raven
EZRA POUND, The River-Merchant’s Wife: A Letter
CHRISTINA ROSSETTI, Goblin Market
WALLACE STEVENS, Anecdote of the Jar
The Emperor of Ice-Cream
ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON, Ulysses
WALT WHITMAN, Facing West from California’s Shores
RICHARD WILBUR, Love Calls Us to the Things of This World
Biographical Sketches: Poets
PART THREE. Drama
25. Drama: Reading, Responding, Writing
Reading Drama
Thinking Theatrically
SUSAN GLASPELL, Trifles
Responding to Drama
SAMPLE WRITING: Annotation of Trifles
SAMPLE WRITING: Reading Notes on Trifles
Writing about Drama
SAMPLE WRITING: Response Paper on Trifles
SAMPLE WRITING: Essay on Trifles
UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT
26. Elements of Drama
Character
Plot and Structure
Stages, Sets, and Setting
Tone, Language, and Symbol
Theme
AUGUST WILSON, Fences
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: August Wilson
QUIARA ALEGRÍA HUDES, Water by the Spoonful
EXPLORING CONTEXTS
27. The Author’s Work as Context: William Shakespeare
The Life of Shakespeare: A Biographical Mystery
Exploring Shakespeare’s Work: A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Hamlet
A Midsummer Night’s Dream
Hamlet
28. Cultural and Historical Contexts: Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun
The Historical Significance of A Raisin in the Sun
The Great Migration
Life in the “Black Metropolis"
The Civil Rights Movement
African Americans and Africa
The “Americanness” of A Raisin in the Sun
LORRAINE HANSBERRY, A Raisin in the Sun
AUTHORS ON THEIR WORK: Lorraine Hansberry
Contextual Excerpts
RICHARD WRIGHT, from Twelve Million Black Voices
ROBERT GRUENBERG, from Chicago Fiddles While Trumbull Park Burns
GERTRUDE SAMUELS, from Even More Crucial Than in the South
WILMA DYKEMAN AND JAMES STOKELY, from New Southerner: The Middle-Class Negro
MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR., from Letter from Birmingham Jail
ROBERT C. WEAVER, from “The Negro as an American”: The Yearning for Human Dignity
EARL E. THORPE, from Africa in the Thought of Negro Americans
PHAON GOLDMAN, from The Significance of African Freedom for the Negro American
BRUCE NORRIS, from Clybourne Park
29. Critical Contexts: Sophocles’s Antigone
Sophocles, Antigone
Critical Excerpts
RICHARD C. JEBB, from the introduction to The Antigone of Sophocles
MAURICE BOWRA, from Sophoclean Tragedy
BERNARD KNOX, from the introduction to Antigone (1982
MARTHA C. NUSSBAUM, from Sophocles’ Antigone: Conflict, Vision, and Simplification
PHILIP HOLT, from Polis and Tragedy in the Antigone
SAMPLE WRITING: Research Essay on Antigone
READING MORE DRAMA
ANTON CHEKHOV, The Cherry Orchard
HENRIK IBSEN, A Doll House
JANE MARTIN, from Talking With . . .
SOPHOCLES, Oedipus the King
OSCAR WILDE, The Importance of Being Earnest
TENNESSEE WILLIAMS, A Streetcar Named Desire
PART FOUR. Writing about Literature
30. Basic Moves: Paraphrase, Summary, and Description
31. The Literature Essay
32. The Writing Process
33. The Literature Research Essay
34. Quotation, Citation, and Documentation
35. Sample Research Essay
SARAH ROBERTS, “ ‘Only a Girl’? Gendered Initiation in Alice Munro’s ‘Boys and Girls"
Critical Approaches
Permissions Acknowledgments
Index of Authors
Index of Titles and First Lines
Glossary/Index of Literary Terms
20161213_9780393639735_WEB_BLAKE.pdf
The Norton Introduction to Literature, Shorter 12e
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Information
Contents
Preface for Instructors
Features of the Norton Introduction to Literature
New to the Twelfth Edition
Student Resources
Instructor Resources
Acknowledgments
Introduction
What Is Literature?
What Does Literature Do?
John Keats, On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer
What Are the Genres of Literature?
Why Read Literature?
Why Study Literature?
Fiction
Fiction: Reading, Responding, Writing
Anonymous, The Elephant in the Village of the Blind
Reading and Responding to Fiction
Linda Brewer, 20/20
Sample Writing: Annotation and Notes on “20/20"
Marjane Satrapi, The Shabbat (from Persepolis)
Writing about Fiction
Raymond Carver, Cathedral
Sample Writing: Wesley Rupton, Notes on Raymond Carver’s “Cathedral"
Sample Writing: Wesley Rupton, Response Paper on Raymond Carver’s “Cathedral"
Sample Writing: Bethany Qualls, A Narrator’s Blindness in Raymond Carver’s “Cathedral"
Telling Stories: An Album
Sherman Alexie, Flight Patterns
Grace Paley, A Conversation with My Father
Authors on their Work: Grace Paley
Tim O’Brien, The Lives of the Dead
Understanding the Text
1. Plot
Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, The Shroud
James Baldwin, Sonny’s Blues
Edith Wharton, Roman Fever
Joyce Carol Oates, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?
Authors on their Work: Joyce Carol Oates
Sample Writing: Ann Warren, The Tragic Plot of “A Rose for Emily"
Initiation Stories: An Album
Toni Cade Bambara, The Lesson
Authors on their Work: Toni Cade Bambara
Alice Munro, Boys and Girls
John Updike, A & P
Authors on their Work: John Updike
James Joyce, Araby
2. Narration and Point of View
Edgar Allan Poe, The Cask of Amontillado
Jamaica Kincaid, Girl
George Saunders, Puppy
Authors on their Work: George Saunders
Jennifer Egan, Black Box
Authors on their Work: Jennifer Egan
3. Character
William Faulkner, Barn Burning
Toni Morrison, Recitatif
Authors on their Work: Toni Morrison
David Foster Wallace, Good People
Monsters: An Album
Margaret Atwood, Lusus Naturae
Karen Russell, St. Lucy’s Home for Girls Raised by Wolves
Jorge Luis Borges, The House of Asterion
Authors on their Work: Jorge Luis Borges
4. Setting
Italo Calvino, from Invisible Cities
Margaret Mitchell, from Gone with the Wind
Alice Randall, from The Wind Done Gone
Anton Chekhov, The Lady with the Dog
Amy Tan, A Pair of Tickets
Judith Ortiz Cofer, Volar
William Gibson, The Gernsback Continuum
Authors on their Work: William Gibson
Sample Writing: Steven Matview, How Setting Reflects Emotions in Anton Chekhov’s “The Lady with the Dog"
5. Symbol and Figurative Language
Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Birth-Mark
A. S. Byatt, The Thing in the Forest
Edwidge Danticat, A Wall of Fire Rising
Sample Writing: Charles Collins, Symbolism in “The Birth-Mark” and “The Thing in the Forest"
6. Theme
Aesop, The Two Crabs
Stephen Crane, The Open Boat
Gabriel García Márquez, A Very Old Man with Enormous
Wings: A Tale for Children
Yasunari Kawabata, The Grasshopper and the Bell Cricket
Junot Díaz, Wildwood
Cross-Cultural Encounters: An Album
Bharati Mukherjee, The Management of Grief
Authors on their Work: Bharati Mukherjee
Jhumpa Lahiri, Interpreter of Maladies
Authors on their Work: Jhumpa Lahiri
David Sedaris, Jesus Shaves
Exploring Contexts
7. The Author’s Work as Context: Flannery O’Connor
Three Stories by Flannery O’Connor
A Good Man Is Hard to Find
Good Country People
Everything That Rises Must Converge
Passages from Flannery O’Connor’s Essays and Letters
Critical Excerpts
Mary Gordon, from Flannery’s Kiss
Ann E. Reuman, from Revolting Fictions: Flannery O’Connor’s Letter to Her Mother
Eileen Pollack, from Flannery O’Connor and the New Criticism
8. Cultural and Historical Contexts: Women in Turn-of-the-Century America
Kate Chopin, The Story of an Hour
Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper
Susan Glaspell, A Jury of Her Peers
Contextual Excerpts
Charlotte Perkins Gilman, from Similar Cases
from Women and Economics
Barbara Boyd, from Heart and Home Talks: Politics and Milk
Mrs. Arthur Lyttelton, from Women and Their Work
Rheta Childe Dorr, from What Eight Million Women Want
The New York Times, from Mrs. Delong Acquitted
The Washington Post, from The Chances of Divorce
Charlotte Perkins Gilman, from Why I Wrote “The Yellow Wall-paper"
The Washington Post, The Rest Cure
from Egotism of the Rest Cure
9. Critical Contexts: Tim O’Brien’s “The Things They Carried"
Tim O’Brien, The Things They Carried
Critical Excerpts
Steven Kaplan, The Undying Uncertainty of the Narrator in Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried
Lorrie N. Smith, “The Things Men Do”: The Gendered Subtext in Tim O’Brien’s Esquire Stories
Susan Farrell, Tim O’Brien and Gender: A Defense of The Things They Carried
Reading More Fiction
Ambrose Bierce, An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge
Ralph Ellison, King of the Bingo Game
Louise Erdrich, Love Medicine
William Faulkner, A Rose for Emily
Ernest Hemingway, Hills Like White Elephants
Franz Kafka, A Hunger Artist
Bobbie Ann Mason, Shiloh
Guy de Maupassant, The Jewelry
Herman Melville, Bartleby, the Scrivener: A Story of Wall Street
Eudora Welty, Why I Live at the P.O.
Poetry
Poetry: Reading, Responding, Writing
Defining Poetry
Lydia Davis, Head, Heart
Authors on their Craft: Billy Collins
Poetic Subgenres and Kinds
Edwin Arlington Robinson, Richard Cory
Thomas Hardy, The Ruined Maid
William Wordsworth, [I wandered lonely as a cloud]
Frank O’Hara, Poem [Lana Turner has collapsed]
Phillis Wheatley, On Being Brought from Africa to America
Emily Dickinson, [The Sky is low—the Clouds are mean]
Billy Collins, Divorce
Bruce Springsteen, Nebraska
Robert Hayden, A Letter from Phillis Wheatley
Responding to Poetry
Aphra Behn, On Her Loving Two Equally
Writing about Poetry
Sample Writing: Names in “On Her Loving Two Equally"
Sample Writing: Multiplying by Dividing in Aphra Behn’s “On Her Loving Two Equally"
The Art of (Reading) Poetry: An Album
Emily Dickinson, [I dwell in Possibility—]
Archibald MacLeish, Ars Poetica
Czeslaw Milosz, Ars Poetica?
Authors on their Work: Czeslaw Milosz
Elizabeth Alexander, Ars Poetica #100: I Believe
Marianne Moore, Poetry
Julia Alvarez, “Poetry Makes Nothing Happen"?
Billy Collins, Introduction to Poetry
Understanding the Text
10. Speaker: Whose Voice do we Hear?
Narrative Poems and their Speakers
X. J. Kennedy, In a Prominent Bar in Secaucus One Day
Speakers in the Dramatic Monologue
Robert Browning, Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister
The Lyric and its Speaker
Margaret Atwood, Death of a Young Son by Drowning
Authors on their Craft: Billy Collins and Sharon Olds
William Wordsworth, She Dwelt among the Untrodden Ways
Dorothy Parker, A Certain Lady
Poems for Further Study
Walt Whitman, [I celebrate myself, and sing myself]
Langston Hughes, Ballad of the Landlord
E. E. Cummings, [next to of course god america i]
Gwendolyn Brooks, We Real Cool
Authors on their Work: Gwendolyn Brooks
Lucille Clifton, cream of wheat
Exploring Gender: An Album
Richard Lovelace, Song: To Lucasta, Going to the Wars
Mary, Lady Chudleigh, To the Ladies
Wilfred Owen, Disabled
Elizabeth Bishop, Exchanging Hats
David Wagoner, My Father’s Garden
Judith Ortiz Cofer, The Changeling
Marie Howe, Practicing
Authors on their Work: Marie Howe
Terrance Hayes, Mr. T—
Bob Hicok, O my pa-pa
Stacey Waite, The Kind of Man I Am at the DMV
11. Situation and Setting: What Happens? Where? When?
Situation
Rita Dove, Daystar
Linda Pastan, To a Daughter Leaving Home
The Carpe Diem Poem
John Donne, The Flea
Andrew Marvell, To His Coy Mistress
Setting
Matthew Arnold, Dover Beach
The Occasional Poem
Martín Espada, Litany at the Tomb of Frederick Douglass
Authors on their Work: Martín Espada
The Aubade
John Donne, The Good-Morrow
Jonathan Swift, A Description of the Morning
One Poem, Multiple Situations and Settings
Li-Young Lee, Persimmons
One Situation and Setting, Multiple Poems
Christopher Marlowe, The Passionate Shepherd to His Love
Sir Walter Raleigh, The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd
Anthony Hecht, The Dover Bitch
Poems for Further Study
Natasha Trethewey, Pilgrimage
Kelly Cherry, Alzheimer’s
Mahmoud Darwish, Identity Card
Yehuda Amichai, [On Yom Kippur in 1967 ...]
Yusef Komunyakaa, Tu Do Street
Authors on their Work: Yusef Komunyakaa
Homelands: An Album
Maya Angelou, Africa
Authors on their Work: Maya Angelou
Derek Walcott, A Far Cry from Africa
Authors on their Work: Derek Walcott
Judith Ortiz Cofer, The Latin Deli: An Ars Poetica
Cathy Song, Heaven
Agha Shahid Ali, Postcard from Kashmir
Adrienne Su, Escape from the Old Country
12. Theme and Tone
Tone
W. D. Snodgrass, Leaving the Motel
Theme
Maxine Kumin, Woodchucks
Adrienne Rich, Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers
Authors on their Work: Adrienne Rich
Theme and Conflict
Adrienne Su, On Writing
Authors on their Work: Adrienne Su
Poems for Further Study
William Blake, London
Paul Laurence Dunbar, Sympathy
W. H. Auden, [Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone]
Sharon Olds, Last Night
Kay Ryan, Repulsive Theory
Terrance Hayes, Carp Poem
C. K. Williams, The Economy Rescued by My Mother Returning to Shop
Sample Writing: Stephen Bordland, Response Paper on W. H. Auden’s “Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone"
Family: An Album
Simon J. Ortiz, My Father’s Song
Robert Hayden, Those Winter Sundays
Ellen Bryant Voigt, My Mother
Martín Espada, Of the Threads That Connect the Stars
Emily Grosholz, Eden
Philip Larkin, This Be the Verse
Authors on their Work: Philip Larkin
Jimmy Santiago Baca, Green Chile
Paul Martinez Pompa, The Abuelita Poem
Charlie Smith, The Business
Andrew Hudgins, Begotten
13. Language: Word Choice and Order
Precision and Ambiguity
Sarah Cleghorn, [The golf links lie so near the mill]
Martha Collins, Lies
Denotation and Connotation
Walter de la Mare, Slim Cunning Hands
Theodore Roethke, My Papa’s Waltz
Word Order and Placement
Sharon Olds, Sex without Love
Authors on their Work: Sharon Olds
Poems for Further Study
Gerard Manley Hopkins, Pied Beauty
William Carlos Williams, The Red Wheelbarrow
This Is Just to Say
Authors on their Work: William Carlos Williams
Kay Ryan, Blandeur
Martha Collins, [white paper #24]
A. E. Stallings, Shoulda, Woulda, Coulda
14. Visual Imagery and Figures of Speech
Richard Wilbur, The Beautiful Changes
Lynn Powell, Kind of Blue
Metaphor
William Shakespeare, [That time of year thou mayst in me behold]
Linda Pastan, Marks
Personification
Emily Dickinson, [Because I could not stop for Death—]
Simile and Analogy
Robert Burns, A Red, Red Rose
Todd Boss, My Love for You Is So Embarrassingly
Allusion
Amit Majmudar, Dothead
Patricia Lockwood, What Is the Zoo for What
Poems for Further Study
William Shakespeare, [Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?]
Anonymous, The Twenty-Third Psalm
John Donne, [Batter my heart, three-personed God]
Randall Jarrell, The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner
John Brehm, Sea of Faith
15. Symbol
The Invented Symbol
James Dickey, The Leap
The Traditional Symbol
Edmund Waller, Song
Dorothy Parker, One Perfect Rose
The Symbolic Poem
William Blake, The Sick Rose
Poems for Further Study
John Keats, Ode to a Nightingale
Robert Frost, The Road Not Taken
Howard Nemerov, The Vacuum
Adrienne Rich, Diving into the Wreck
Roo Borson, After a Death
Brian Turner, Jundee Ameriki
Authors on their Work: Brian Turner
Sharon Olds, Bruise Ghazal
16. The Sounds of Poetry
Rhyme
Onomatopoeia, Alliteration, Assonance, and Consonance
Alexander Pope, from The Rape of the Lock
Sound Poems
Helen Chasin, The Word Plum
Kenneth Fearing, Dirge
Alexander Pope, Sound and Sense
Poetic Meter
Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Metrical Feet
Anonymous, [There was a young girl from St. Paul]
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, from The Charge of the Light Brigade
Jane Taylor, The Star
Anne Bradstreet, To My Dear and Loving Husband
Jessie Pope, The Call
Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum Est
Poems for Further Study
William Shakespeare, [Like as the waves make towards the pebbled shore]
Gerard Manley Hopkins, Spring and Fall
Walt Whitman, Beat! Beat! Drums!
Kevin Young, Ode to Pork
Word and Music: An Album
Thomas Campion, When to Her Lute Corinna Sings
Anonymous, Sir Patrick Spens
Dudley Randall, Ballad of Birmingham
Augustus Montague Toplady, A Prayer, Living and Dying
Robert Hayden, Homage to the Empress of the Blues
Michael Harper, Dear John, Dear Coltrane
Bob Dylan, The Times They Are A-Changin’
Linda Pastan, Listening to Bob Dylan, 2005
Mos Def, Hip Hop
Jose B. Gonzalez, Elvis in the Inner City
17. Internal Structure
Dividing Poems into “Parts"
Pat Mora, Sonrisas
Internal Versus External or Formal “Parts"
Galway Kinnell, Blackberry Eating
Lyrics as Internal Dramas
Seamus Heaney, Punishment
Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Frost at Midnight
Sharon Olds, The Victims
Making Arguments about Structure
Poems without “Parts"
Walt Whitman, I Hear America Singing
Poems for Further Study
William Shakespeare, [Th’ expense of spirit in a waste of shame]
Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ode to the West Wind
Philip Larkin, Church Going
Authors on their Work: Philip Larkin
Katie Ford, Still-Life
Kevin Young, Greening
Sample Writing: Lindsay Gibson, Philip Larkin’s “Church Going"
18. External Form
Stanzas
Traditional Stanza Forms
Richard Wilbur, Terza Rima
Traditional Verse Forms
Fixed Forms or Form-Based Subgenres
Traditional Forms: Poems for Further Study
Dylan Thomas, Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night
Natasha Trethewey, Myth
Elizabeth Bishop, Sestina
Ciara Shuttleworth, Sestina
E. E. Cummings, [l(a)]
E. E. Cummings, [Buffalo Bill’s]
Concrete Poetry
George Herbert, Easter Wings
May Swenson, Women
The Sonnet: An Album
Francesco Petrarch, [Upon the breeze she spread her golden hair]
Henry Constable, [My lady’s presence makes the roses red]
William Shakespeare, [My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun]
[Not marble, nor the gilded monuments]
[Let me not to the marriage of true minds]
John Milton, [When I consider how my light is spent]
William Wordsworth, Nuns Fret Not
Elizabeth Barrett Browning, How Do I Love Thee?
Christina Rossetti, In an Artist’s Studio
Edna St. Vincent Millay, [What lips my lips have kissed, and where, and why]
[Women have loved before as I love now]
[I, being born a woman and distressed]
[I will put Chaos into fourteen lines]
Robert Frost, Range-Finding
Design
Gwendolyn Brooks, First Fight. Then Fiddle.
Gwen Harwood, In the Park
June Jordan, Something Like a Sonnet for Phillis Miracle Wheatley
Billy Collins, Sonnet
Harryette Mullen, Dim Lady
Sherman Alexie, The Facebook Sonnet
Haiku: An Album
Chiyojo, [Whether astringent]
Bashō, [A village without bells—]
[This road—]
Buson, [Coolness—]
[Listening to the moon]
Lafcadio Hearn, [Old pond—]
Clara A. Walsh, [An old-time pond]
Earl Miner, [The still old pond]
Allen Ginsberg, [The old pond]
Ezra Pound, In a Station of the Metro
Allen Ginsberg, [Looking over my shoulder]
Richard Wright, [In the falling snow]
Etheridge Knight, from [Eastern guard tower]
[The falling snow flakes]
[Making jazz swing in]
Authors on their Work: Etheridge Knight
Mark Jarman, Haiku
Sonia Sanchez, from 9 Haiku
Sue Standing, Diamond Haiku
Linda Pastan, In the Har-Poen Tea Garden
Exploring Contexts
19. The Author’s Work as Context: Adrienne Rich
Poems by Adrienne Rich
At a Bach Concert
Storm Warnings
Living in Sin
Snapshots of a Daughter-in-Law
Authors on their Work: Adrienne Rich
Planetarium
For the Record
[My mouth hovers across your breasts]
History
Transparencies
Tonight No Poetry Will Serve
Passages from Rich’s Essays
from When We Dead Awaken: Writing as Re-Vision
from A Communal Poetry
from Why I Refused the National Medal for the Arts
from Poetry and the Forgotten Future
Sample Writing: Melissa Makolin, Out-Sonneting Shakespeare: An Examination of Edna St. Vincent Millay’s Use of the Sonnet Form
Emily Dickinson: An Album
[Tell all the truth but tell it slant—]
[I stepped from Plank to Plank]
[Wild Nights—Wild Nights!]
[My Life had stood—a Loaded Gun—]
[After great pain, a formal feeling comes—]
[A narrow Fellow in the Grass]
Wendy Cope, Emily Dickinson
Hart Crane, To Emily Dickinson
Billy Collins, Taking Off Emily Dickinson’s Clothes
W. B. Yeats: An Album
The Lake Isle of Innisfree
Authors on their Work: W. B. Yeats
All Things Can Tempt Me
Easter 1916
The Second Coming
Leda and the Swan
Sailing to Byzantium
W. H. Auden, In Memory of W. B. Yeats
Authors on their Work: W. H. Auden
Pat Mora: An Album
Elena
Gentle Communion
Mothers and Daughters
La Migra
Ode to Adobe
20. The Author’s Work as Context: William Blake’s Songs of Innocence and of Experience
Color Insert: Images from Songs of Innocence and of Experience
William Blake’s Songs of Innocence and of Experience
Songs of Innocence, Introduction
The Ecchoing Green
Holy Thursday
The Lamb
The Chimney Sweeper
Songs of Experience, Introduction
The Tyger
The Garden of Love
The Chimney Sweeper
Holy Thursday
21. Cultural and Historical Contexts: The Harlem Renaissance
Poems of the Harlem Renaissance
Arna Bontemps, A Black Man Talks of Reaping
Countee Cullen, Yet Do I Marvel
Saturday’s Child
From the Dark Tower
Angelina Grimké, The Black Finger
Tenebris
Langston Hughes, Harlem
The Weary Blues
The Negro Speaks of Rivers
I, Too
Helene Johnson, Sonnet to a Negro in Harlem
Claude McKay, Harlem Shadows
If We Must Die
The Tropics in New York
The Harlem Dancer
The White House
Contextual Excerpts
James Weldon Johnson, from the preface to The Book of American Negro Poetry
Alain Locke, from The New Negro
Rudolph Fisher, from The Caucasian Storms Harlem
W. E. B. Du Bois, from Two Novels
Zora Neale Hurston, How It Feels to Be Colored Me
Langston Hughes, from The Big Sea
Sample Writing: Irene Morstan, “They’ll See How Beautiful I Am”: “I, Too” and the Harlem Renaissance
22. Critical Contexts: Sylvia Plath’s “Daddy"
Sylvia Plath, Daddy
Critical Excerpts
George Steiner, from Dying Is an Art
A. Alvarez, from Sylvia Plath
Irving Howe, from The Plath Celebration: A Partial Dissent
Judith Kroll, from Rituals of Exorcism: “Daddy"
Mary Lynn Broe, from Protean Poetic
Margaret Homans, from A Feminine Tradition
Pamela J. Annas, from A Disturbance in Mirrors
Steven Gould Axelrod, from Sylvia Plath: The Wound and the Cure of Words
Laura Frost, from “Every Woman Adores a Fascist”: Feminist Visions of Fascism from Three Guineas to Fear of Flying
Reading More Poetry
W. H. Auden, Musée des Beaux Arts
Robert Browning, My Last Duchess
Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Kubla Khan
E. E. Cummings, [in Just-]
John Donne, [Death, be not proud]
Song
The Sun Rising
A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning
Paul Laurence Dunbar, We Wear the Mask
T. S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
Robert Frost, Home Burial
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
Seamus Heaney, Digging
Gerard Manley Hopkins, God’s Grandeur
The Windhover
Ben Jonson, On My First Son
John Keats, Ode on a Grecian Urn
To Autumn
Etheridge Knight, Hard Rock Returns to Prison from the Hospital for the Criminal Insane
Yusef Komunyakaa, Facing It
Authors on their Work: Yusef Komunyakaa
Linda Pastan, love poem
Marge Piercy, Barbie Doll
Sylvia Plath, Lady Lazarus
Morning Song
Edgar Allan Poe, The Raven
Ezra Pound, The River-Merchant’s Wife: A Letter
Wallace Stevens, Anecdote of the Jar
The Emperor of Ice-Cream
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Tears, Idle Tears
Ulysses
Walt Whitman, Facing West from California’s Shores
A Noiseless Patient Spider
Richard Wilbur, Love Calls Us to the Things of This World
William Carlos Williams, The Dance
William Wordsworth, [The world is too much with us]
Biographical Sketches: Poets
Drama
Drama: Reading, Responding, Writing
Reading Drama
Susan Glaspell, Trifles
Responding to Drama
Sample Writing: Annotation of Trifles
Sample Writing: Reading Notes
Writing about Drama
Sample Writing: Jessica Zezulka, Trifles Plot Response Paper
Sample Writing: Stephanie Ortega, A Journey of Sisterhood
Understanding the Text
23. Elements of Drama
August Wilson, Fences
Authors on their Work: August Wilson
Quiara Alegría Hudes, Water by the Spoonful
Exploring Contexts
24. The Author’s Work as Context: William Shakespeare
The Life of Shakespeare: A Biographical Mystery
Exploring Shakespeare’s Work: A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Hamlet
A Midsummer Night’s Dream
Hamlet
25. Cultural and Historical Contexts: Lorraine Hansberry’s Raisin in the Sun
Lorraine Hansberry, A Raisin in the Sun
Authors on their Work: Lorraine Hansberry
Contextual Excerpts
Richard Wright, from Twelve Million Black Voices
Robert Gruenberg, from Chicago Fiddles While Trumbull Park Burns
Gertrude Samuels, from Even More Crucial Than in the South
Wilma Dykeman and James Stokely, from New Southerner: The Middle-Class Negro
Martin Luther King, Jr., from Letter from Birmingham Jail
Robert C. Weaver, from The Negro as an American
Earl E. Thorpe, from Africa in the Thought of Negro Americans
Phaon Goldman, from The Significance of African Freedom for the Negro American
Bruce Norris, from Clybourne Park
26. Critical Contexts: Sophocles’s Antigone
Sophocles, Antigone
Critical Excerpts
Richard C. Jebb, from The Antigone of Sophocles
Maurice Bowra, from Sophoclean Tragedy
Bernard Knox, from Introduction to Antigone
Martha C. Nussbaum, from Sophocles’ Antigone: Conflict, Vision, and Simplification
Philip Holt, from Polis and the Tragedy in the Antigone
Sample Writing: Jackie Izawa, The Two Faces of Antigone
Reading More Drama
Anton Chekhov, The Cherry Orchard
Henrik Ibsen, A Doll House
Jane Martin, Two Monologues from Talking With ...
Arthur Miller, Death of a Salesman
Authors on their Work: Arthur Miller
Sophocles, Oedipus the King
Tennessee Williams, A Streetcar Named Desire
Writing about Literature
27. Basic Moves: Paraphrase, Summary, and Description
28. The Literature Essay
29. The Writing Process
30. The Literature Research Essay
31. Quotation, Citation, and Documentation
32. Sample Research Essay
Sarah Roberts, “Only a Girl”? Gendered Initiation in Alice Munro’s “Boys and Girls"
Critical Approaches
Glossary
Permissions Acknowledgments
Index of Authors
Index of Titles and First Lines
Index of Literary Terms
Resources for Writers