The Natural Pharmacy [Revised] 0761512276, 9780761512271

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REFERENCE

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HealthNotes™ Onlin

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THE NATURAL

PHARMACY From the

World's Most Trusted Experts

Covers All Major Ailments and Conditions Includes Herbs, Nutritional Supplements,

and Homeopathy

I

SKYE LININGER, D.C., EDITOR-IN CHIEF JONATHAN WRIGHT, M.D. STEVE AUSTIN, N.D

DONALD BROWN,

N.I

ALAN GABY,

M.D.

The Natural

Pharmacy

Digitized by the Internet Archive in

2013

http://archive.org/details/naturalpharmacyOOschu

The Natural

Pharmacy Skye Lininger, D.C., Editor-in-Chief

Jonathan Wright, M.D. Steve Austin, N.D.

Donald Brown, N.D. Alan Gaby, M.D.

PRIMA HEALTH A Division of Prima

Publishing

© 1998 by Virtual Health, LLC All rights reserved.

No part of this book may

be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,

electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or

retrieval

system, without written permission from Prima Publishing, except for the inclusion of quotations in a review.

Prima Publishing has designed is

this

book

to provide information in regard to the subject matter covered.

It

sold with the understanding that the publisher and the authors are not liable for the misconception or

misuse of information provided. Every effort has been as possible. liability

The purpose of

this

book

is

made

to

make

nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any

leged to be caused by the information contained in this book.

way intended

this

book

as complete

The authors and Prima Publishing

to educate.

loss,

and accurate

shall have neither

damage, or injury caused or

The information presented

herein

is

in

al-

no

as a substitute for medical counseling.

PRIMA HEALTH and colophon are trademarks of Prima Communications, Inc.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lininger,

The p.

Jr.,

Schuyler W.

natural

pharmacy / by Schuyler W.

Lininger,

Jr.

cm.

Includes bibliographic references and index.

ISBN 0-7615-1227-6 1.

5.

Naturopathy.

Minerals

2.

Homeopathy.

—Therapeutic

use.

I.

3.

Herbs

—Therapeutic

use. 4.

Vitamins

—Therapeutic

use.

Title.

RZ440.L58 1998

615.5—dc21

97-43106

CIP 98 99 00 01 02

DD

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2

Printed in the United States of America

How to Order Single copies

may be ordered from Prima

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CONTENTS Foreword

Acknowledgments Introduction

How to Use This Book

ix

x

Immune Function

72

Infertility (Female)

75

xi

Infertility

xii

Insomnia Irritable

PART ONE

Conditions Acne

5

Alzheimer's Disease

6

Antioxidants and Free Radicals

8

Asthma

9

77

(Male)

79

Bowel Syndrome

81

Kidney Stones

83

Macular Degeneration

85

Menopause

87

Menorrhagia (Heavy Menstruation)

89

Migraine Headaches

91

Morning Sickness

93

MSG Sensitivity

94

Night Blindness

95

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

96

Osteoarthritis

97

Atherosclerosis

11

Athletic Performance

14

Autism

17

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

18

Bursitis

20

Canker Sores

21

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

23

Cataracts

24

Chemotherapy Support

25

Common Cold/Sore Throat

28

Congestive Heart Failure

30

Constipation

32

Crohn's Disease

34

Depression

36

Diabetes

39

Diarrhea

44

Dupuytren's Contracture

46

Ear Infections (Recurrent)

47

Eczema

49

Fibrocystic Breast Disease

51

Fibromyalgia

53

Gallstones

55

Gingivitis

56

Glaucoma Hay Fever

58

59

Introduction to Nutritional Supplements

Hemorrhoids

60

Acidophilus (Probiotics) and

High Cholesterol

62

Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

67

Arginine

Hypertriglyceridemia (High Triglycerides)

69

BCAAs

Osteoporosis

100

Pap Smear (Abnormal)

102

Peptic Ulcer

103

Photosensitivity

105

Pregnancy Support

107

Premenstrual Syndrome

109

Pritikin Diet

Program

Ill

112

Psoriasis

Rheumatoid

115

Arthritis

Rickets

118

Urinary Tract Infection

120

Vitiligo

122

Weight Loss and Obesity

124

Wilson's Disease

126

Yeast Infection

127

Yellow Nail Syndrome

129

PART TWO Nutritional

Supplements 135

Fructo-Oligosaccharides

(Branched-Chain

134

137

Amino

Acids)

138

Betaine Hydrochloride (Hydrochloric Acid)

139

Ornithine Alpha-Ketoglutarate

191

Bioflavonoids

140

PABA

192

Biotin

141

Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5)

Boron

142

Phenylalanine (L-Phenylalanine

Brewer's Yeast

143

Calcium

144

Phosphatidylserine

196

Carnitine (L-Carnitine)

146

Potassium

197

Cartilage

147

Pregnenolone

198

Chlorophyll

148

Proanthocyanidins

199

Chondroitin Sulfate

149

Pyruvate

200

Chromium

150

Quercetin

201

Copper

151

Resveratrol

202

Coenzyme Q10

152

Selenium

203

Creatine (Creatine Monohydrate)

153

Soy

204

Cysteine

154

Spirulina

205

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

155

Taurine

206

Enzymes, Proteolytic

156

Tyrosine

207

Vanadium

208

.

.

.

Evening Primrose Oil (and Other Sources of

Gamma Linolenic Acid)

(Paraaminobenzoic Acid)

and DL-Phenylalanine, DLPA)

A and Beta-Carotene

193

194

158

Vitamin

Fiber

159

Vitamin B-Complex

210

Fish Oil

160

Vitamin Bl (Thiamin)

211

Flaxseed Oil

162

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

212

209

163

Vitamin B3 (Niacin, Niacinamide)

213

Gamma Oryzanol

164

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)

214

Glucosamine Sulfate

165

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

216

Glutamine

166

Vitamin

C

(Ascorbic Acid)

217

Histidine

167

Vitamin

D

(Cholecalciferol)

219

Hydroxycitric Acid

168

Vitamin E (Tocopherol)

Inosine

169

Vitamin

Inositol

170

Whey

Iodine

171

Zinc

Ionized Air

172

Iron

173

Kelp

174

Lactase

175

Lecithin/Phosphatidyl Choline/Choline

176

Leucine

177

Alfalfa {Medicago sativa)

230

Lipase

178

Aloe [Aloe vera, Aloe barbadensis)

231

Lutein

179

Asian Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) .... 232

Lycopene

180

Astragalus {Astragalus membranaceus)

233

Lysine

181

Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus)

234

Magnesium Manganese

182

Bitter

235

183

Melon (Momordica charantia) Black Cohosh {Cimicifuga racemosa)

Medium Chain Triglycerides

184

Blessed Thistle (Cnicus benedictus)

237

Melatonin

185

Boswellia (Boswellia serrata)

238

Methionine

186

Burdock (Arctium lappa)

239

Multiple Vitamin/Mineral

187

Butcher's

N-Acetyl Cysteine

189

Calendula (Calendula

Ornithine

190

Carob (Ceratonia

Folic

VI

Acid

K

(Phylloquinone)

220 222 223

Protein

224

PART THREE

Herbs

Broom (Ruscus aculeatus) officinalis)

siliqua)

236

240 241

242

Contents

Cascara (Rhamnus purshiani cortex)

243

Milk Thistle {Silybum marianum)

290

Catnip (Nepeta cataria)

244

Mullein {Verbascum thapsus)

291

Claw (Uncaria tomentosa) Cayenne {Capsicum annuum

245

Myrrh {Commiphora molmol)

292

Nettle {JJrtica dioica)

293

246

Oats {Avena

294

247

Passion Flower {Passiflora incarnata)

295

248

Pau d'Arco {Tabebuia impestiginosa)

296

Cranberry {Vaccinium macrocarpon)

249

Peppermint {Mentha piperita)

297

Damiana {Turnera diffusa)

250

Phyllanthus {Phyllanthus niruri)

298

Dandelion {Taraxacum

251

Psyllium {Plantago ovata,

Cat's

Capsicum

frutescens)

Chamomile {Matricaria Chickweed

Devil's

{Stellaria

recutita)

media)

officinale)

Claw {Harpogophytum 253

254

{Angelica sinensis)

Echinacea {Echinacea purpurea,

Echinacea angustifolia)

255

Elderberry {Sambucus nigra)

256

Eleuthero {Eleutherococcus senticosus,

Acanthopanax

257

senticosus)

Ephedra {Ephedra

299

Plantago ispaghula)

procumbens)

Dong Quai

sativa)

Pygeum {Pygeum africanum) Red Clover {Trifolium pratense) Red Raspberry {Rubus idaeus) Reishi {Ganoderma lucidum) Sandalwood {Santalum album)

300

Sarsaparilla {Smilax spp.)

305

Saw Palmetto {Serenoa

Ephedra intermedia, Ephedra equisetina)

302 303

304

repens,

Sabal serrulata)

sinica,

301

306

259

Schisandra {Schisandra chinensis)

307

Eyebright {Euphrasia officinalis)

260

Scullcap {Scutellaria lateriflora)

308

Fennel {Foeniculum vulgare)

261

Senna {Cassia senna, Cassia angustifolia)

309

Fenugreek {Trigonella foenum-graecum)

262

Shiitake {Lentinan edodes)

310

Feverfew {Tanacetum parthenium)

263

Slippery

311

264

St.

312

Garlic {Allium sativum)

265

Tea Tree {Melaleuca

Gentian {Gentiana lutea)

266

Turmeric {Curcuma longa)

Ginger {Zingiber

267

Uva

Ginkgo Biloba (Ginkgo biloba)

268

Valerian {Valeriana officinalis)

316

Goldenseal {Hydrastis canadensis)

270

Vitex (Vitex)

317

Gotu Kola

271

White Willow

272

Wild Cherry {Prunus serotina)

273

Wild

Guggul {Commiphora mukul)

274

Witch Hazel {Hamamelis virginiana)

321

Gymnema {Gymnema sylvestre)

275

Wormwood

322

Fo-ti

.

{Polygonum multiflorum)

officinale)

{Centella asiatica)

Green Tea {Camellia

Guarana

{Paullinia

sinensis)

cupana)

Hawthorn {Crataegus

.

lupulus)

Horse Chestnut {Aesculus hippocastanum)

Elm {Ulmus rubra) John's Wort {Hypericum perforatum)

276

alternifolia)

Ursi {Arctostaphylos uva-ursi)

Yam

Yohimbe

laevigata or Crataegus

oxyacantha, Crataegus monogyna)

Hops {Humulus

.

{Salix alba)

{Dioscorea villosa)

{Artemisia absinthium)

{Pausinystalia yohimbe)

313

314 315

318

319 320

323

Yucca Yucca schidigera and other species) .... 324 (

27" .... 278

PART FOUR

Horseradish {Cochlearia armoracia)

280

Horsetail {Equisetum arvense)

281

Juniper {Juniperus communis)

282

Kava {Piper methysticum)

283

Introduction to

Kudzu

284

Acne

331

285

Alcohol Withdrawal Support

332

Anxiety

333

{Pueraria lobata)

Lemon Balm

{Melissa officinalis)

Licorice {Glycyrrhiza glabra,

Homeopathic Remedies Homeopathy

330

Glycyrrhiza uralensis)

286

Backache

334

Maitake {Grifola frondosa)

288

Bell's Palsy

335

289

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

336

Marshmallow {Althea

Contents

officinalis)

VII

337

Insomnia

363

Broken Bone Support

338

Measles

364

Burns

339

Menopause Symptoms

365

Bursitis

340

Menstrual Problems

Canker Sores

341

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

342

Migraine Headaches

367

Chemotherapy Support

343

Morning

368

Chicken Pox

344

Mumps

369

Colic

345

Osteoarthritis

370

Common Cold

346

Osteoporosis

371

Conjunctivitis

347

Postpartum Depression

372

Constipation

348

Pregnancy and Delivery Support

373

Dental Support

349

Rashes

374

Diarrhea

350

Raynaud's Phenomenon

375

Ear Infections

351

Restless

Eye Injuries/Eye Strain

352

Rheumatoid

Gout

353

Surgery and Recovery Support

378

Hay Fever

354

Teething

379

Hemorrhoids

355

Tinnitus (Ringing in the Ears)

380

Herpes Simplex

356

Urinary Tract Infection

381

Herpes Zoster (Shingles)

357

Varicose Veins

382

Impotence

358

Yeast Infections

383

Boils

Indigestion and

Gas

(PMS and Menorrhagia) Sickness

Leg Syndrome Arthritis

366

376

377

359

Influenza

360

References

385

Injuries

361

Index

431

362

About

Insect Bites

VIII

and Stings

the Authors

448

Contents

FOREWORD I

first

met and

really

Skye Lininger on a

enjoyed the company of Dr.

trip to

Costa Rica sponsored by

to the condition, including potential side effects interactions, all

make

this

book

and

especially useful.

American Botanical Council. As we rode buses

I'm even more impressed with the information about

through the mountains, Skye ran a red pencil across

ninety of the most important herbs, complete with

the

the printouts for what

would

later

become

HealthNotes Online computer program

the

backup

—and now

cluding

citations

many

from the

articles

scientific literature (in-

from German journals).

book you are holding in your hands. We enjoyed stimulating and animated conversations from the

most experts on herbs, homeopathy, and nutrition

hot coasts of Tortugeuro on the Atlantic to the

makes

the

cloud forests of

Monte Verde.

At that time

some of

I

had the pleasure of reading over

tions.

had been

book

mostly written by Dr.

pressed with

Most herb's use

Don Brown,

whom

how easy

I

a noted natur-

also respect.

the information

was

I

was im-

elusive

this reference

I

some of

the fore-

an excellent source book for

more than seventy common health condi-

think you'll find yourself turning to this

often!

Enjoy

it

in

good

health.

Think green, the green

of natural medicines, with which you co-evolved.

to access.

of the important information about the

and

fact that Dr. Lininger used

help with

the pages in the herbal section that

opath and teacher,

The

dosage data, cross-referenced

Jim Duke Economic Botanist, Dr.

USDA

(Retired)

IX

—

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS No book of

this size

and scope comes into existence

many people

without the inspiration and help of

some of

whom labor behind the scenes.

Gratitude for a job well done to

book

tors to this

—

Don Brown, who and whose

and

bore the brunt of the workload

for excellence,

Wright and Alan Gaby, all

the contribu-

especially Drs. Steve Austin

integrity has ensured this

new standard to us

all

who

book

will set a

and to Drs. Jonathan

have served as mentors

and whose attention

to detail

and

creative

job in keeping us

all

on track

Dolby as

Thanks

to

my

Ciel for their love

for her brilliant

managing editor of

the HealthNotes Online software

and book

projects.

wife Jane and daughters Cory and

and putting up with long hours and

from beyond endurance; to my staff, Norma Hunt, Cindy Hambly, and Tony Patricelli; to my technical advisor Rick Wilkes (and his team) and the person who brought us together, Thorn Hartmann (an expert author of books on ADD and a travel schedule

to

those

also belongs in the

talented

who

people

mentor category); helped make the

HealthNotes Online software a beautiful

reality,

Marcia Berentine, Loren Jenkins, and Steven

Foster;

to those

who were there

inspire, motivate, sister

and

at the

create),

beginning (and helped

Michael Peet and

his

Margaret, Cheryl Bottger, and Eileen Brady.

To those

Prima who instantly captured our

at

Ben Dominitz, Jamie Miller, Karen Cook, our editor Debra Venzke, and our copy

vision, but especially

editor-without-peer Kathy Hashimoto; to Dr. Joe

innovation served to midwife this book. Special thanks to Victoria

someone who

Pizzorno,

who

surely will

one day be recognized as

one of the fathers of modern naturopathy; to

all

health and natural food stores and departments

the

who

offer high-quality supplements; to those pioneers

and innovators

in natural

medicine; and

finally,

to

those brave souls of integrity, unfortunately too nu-

merous

to mention,

who went

censes for doing nothing their patients

.

.

.

to

jail

or lost their

more than trying to

naturally.

li-

care for

—

when

In 1975,

first

I

tive" medicine,

became

was hard

it

interested in "alterna-

to sort out the fact

from

that stressed an integrated approach to self-care, to create a tool that

would

readers assess the pluses

let

the folklore. While millions of people took supple-

and minuses of the use of vitamins, minerals, herbs,

ments to either protect

their health or help with a

homeopathic remedies, and other nutrients

problem

were unable to cure, most

most

their doctors

were relying on anecdotes and hearsay.

Two

decades ago, there were

that

ticles

many

scientific ar•

vita-

and the subject wasn't taught

school. So

and

a

it

was

trieve the article

in

human

•

with errors, the books provided enough infor-

mation (which

later

proved true) to help millions of

1980s, the stream

literature.

had become

a flood

Books appearing

began to take advantage of the

still

who

are not "hard-core"

By the

aimed squarely

we provide

and some

is

The information way to make sensible

gives

you a

choices for yourself and your family. •

underpin-

at those

taking

efficacy) of these products.

late

in those years

scientific

now

legitimately concerned about the safety (and

All of

our key contributors have actually been

in practice

nings and gradually became more reliable and useful.

However, they were

drug-nutrient interactions are noted.

supplements. This mainstream consumer

15,000 articles began forming a solid foundation for nutritional therapies.

of our information

health-food-store people are

about antioxidants and other dietary supplements medical

little

primarily

either animal or test tube trials.

Millions of people

In the early 1980s, a steady stream of articles

in the

we have used

Contraindications, side effects, and possible

people with their health problems.

began appearing

studies; very

depended on

a

mixed bag. Despite being poorly referenced and filled

cita-

and review the material we

relied on. In addition,

few courageous physicians to tend the flame.

books about supplements were

Thousands of

tions are included so the serious reader can re-

largely left to the health food stores

In the 1970s,

might be controversial

the scientific literature.

Most medical doctors

were either ignorant about or hostile toward nutritional supplements,

All statements that

have been documented with a reference from

mins and a few of the herbs, but getting hold of that difficult.

troublesome health conditions.

This book has other unique characteristics.

had been written about most of the

information was

common and

for the

with

real patients.

They

are not

writing theoretically or from an ivory tower

who

but from

real-life

experience in their

clinics.

accepted the premise that only natural was good.

By the time we began working on this book, the number of useful scientific articles on the role of vitamins and herbs

Our team

in

human

of researchers

health exceeded 25,000.

combed

the libraries of

medical schools on a weekly basis to keep up-todate on breaking research. tion that those

among

the

who

I

can say without reserva-

contributed to this book are

most knowledgeable physicians

in the

world on the subject of natural medicine.

Our team eral

consists of a chiropractor (me), sev-

In short, ful,

we

think

we have

comprehensive, and balanced book that has ever

been made available on the

created the most use-

first

place

this topic

many people

and that

it

will be

will turn for information

about complementary or alternative medicine.

We

CD-ROM version of

this

have also created a special

book. Please look on page 450 for information

about

how you can

obtain a copy.

All the authors join

me

in

wishing you good

health.

medical doctors (Wright and Gaby), and a

group of naturopaths (Austin, Brown, Yarnell, Reichert,

and Hudson). Our goal was to create a book

Dr. Skye Lininger

Portland,

Oregon

XI

TO USE THIS BOOK The Natural Pharmacy Each part

easily

is

is

divided into four parts.

found by looking for the tabs on

Once found, you can

the side of the book.

You

alphabetized within each section.

for,

can also use the table of contents or the index to

The

cate topics.

found

tables

that are listed at the beginning of the

list.

flip

through the pages to find the specific topic you are looking

can try only a few nutrients or herbs, try the ones

lo-

at the beginning of

Nutritional Look

Supplements

here for information about specific vitamins,

minerals,

amino

and other nutrients such as

acids,

each part can help you locate an entry by main topic,

coQIO. Each nutrient entry includes information

synonym, or

about where

closely related term.

Once you have in

located the information you want

one of the four parts, you can

cross-referencing approach.

C

Next

to key

words (such

or High Cholesterol) are page

links that direct

number

you to more detailed information.

By flipping back and forth page number

found, conditions in which the nu-

might be supportive, suggested dosage ranges,

and possible side

effects or interactions.

rest of the book with our unique

throughout the

as Vitamin

easily navigate

trient

it is

links,

book using

in the

the

you can mimic the ease of use

Herbs Look

here for information about

cific herbs.

where

it is

some ninety

spe-

Each herb includes information about

found, what part

is

used, in which condi-

you'd find in a computer hypertext document.

We

tions the herb might be supportive, information

Pharmacy

the

about historical and traditional use, data on the ac-

think this feature makes The Natural easiest-to-use reference It is

book we've

ever seen.

very important to realize this

book

compounds

tive is

pro-

(if

known),

suggested

dosage

ranges, and possible side effects or interactions.

vided for information or educational purposes only

and should only be used

in

consultation with a nu-

tritionally oriented physician.

Following

is

a

list

of the four sections of the

book and information about what

you'll find in

each one.

Homeopathic Remedies Look here

if

formation

in this section

you are interested

specific health condition

toms to find the

specific

is

in

homeopathy.

In-

found by looking up a

and then matching symp-

homeopathic remedy.

Conditions Look

here for information about specific health con-

ditions ranging

from acne to yellow

nail

syndrome.

Each entry includes a section that describes the con-

makes dietary recommendations when appropriate, and suggests which nutrients and herbs dition,

might be of

help.

Also included

is

information about

possible side effects or interactions.

At the end of each condition

is

a

summary

in the text.

items are listed in the order of importance.

XII

many unique features that help make Take a moment to read over this list to learn

This book has it

useful.

how •

to get the

and

These If

you

most out of The Natural Pharmacy.

In the Conditions section, supportive nutri-

ents

checklist of the nutritional supplements, herbs,

homeopathic remedies discussed

Important Features

and herbs are

portance.

The

listed in the

first

order of im-

ones mentioned usually

have the most scientific evidence and work the best. In

our practices, they are the ones we'd

usually have patients use

initially.

•

In the Conditions section, the

most

mentation

critical

and herbs are described. However, more

complete information about side interactions

is

particular subject,

effects or

described under each specific

nutritional supplement or herb.

You should

carefully read the relevant safety information

a footnote. If

you

we hope we have made

easier for

you by providing a

from the

scientific literature.

it

full citation

We have used,

almost exclusively,

human

major medical and

scientific journals.

studies

from the

We

have rarely fallen back on a book or a sec-

book.

in all sections of the

form of

or your doctor need to find out more on a

potential side effects or interactions for nutrients

in the

ondary source. •

In the Conditions section, there

checklist at the checklist

is

a useful

end of each condition. This

a very useful reminder of

is

nutrients, herbs,

•

what

in

and homeopathic remedies

and Herbs

sections, general information

given.

how

a particular

is

compound

specific condition, refer to the

tion that •

In the

Herbs

of an herb

To

is

We have tried to avoid overstating the

if it is

We feel

by taking this path, you have a book in

which you can have confidence. is

used for a

Condition

sec-

section, the active ingredient(s)

described

tion about any negative or equivocal studies.

find

cross-referenced.

is

tried to be balanced

case and have attempted to present informa-

In the Nutritional Supplements

out

we have

our approach to giving you the informa-

tion.

might be supportive. •

In all the sections

known. Many

About Doses and When to Take Supplements Each health condition covered

in this

book

includes

herbs are available in multiple forms: dried specific, useful

information about nutritional, herb-

(usually in capsules, tablets, poultice, or tea), al,

and homeopathic support

in

mind

liquid (as tinctures or extracts), or standard-

ized (where a particular

sured and quantified).

you dosages for

all

compound

is

mea-

We have tried to give

the various forms

when

•

was

we have

amounts of vitamins, minerals, amino

acids, herbs, or

homeopathic ingredients apply only

an average-size male or female adult. Children's

available.

In all the sections (except

Remedies),

Keep

that unless the text specifies differently,

the suggested

to

that information

for the condition.

tried

doses should be determined in consultation with a

Homeopathic not to make any

statements without providing scientific docu-

nutritionally oriented physician.

Unless otherwise specified in the

text, nutritional

supplements and herbs should be taken with meals.

XIII

PART ONE

Acne

5

59

Allergies

120

Cystitis

97

Degenerative Arthritis

Alzheimer's Disease

6

Dementia

Antioxidants and Free Radicals

8

Dental Disease

56

11

Depression

36

97,115

Dermatitis

49

9

Diabetes

39

Atherosclerosis

11

Diarrhea

44

Athletic Performance

14

Duodenal Ulcer

Atopic Dermatitis

49

Dupuytren's Contracture

46

Autism

17

Ear Infections (Recurrent)

47

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

18

Eczema

49

Enlarged Prostate

18

Arterial Disease Arthritis

Asthma

6

(Senile)

103

Bladder Infections

120

Blindness (Night)

95

Fibrocystic Breast Disease

51

Blood Pressure (High)

67

Fibromyalgia

53

Blood Sugar (Diabetes)

39

Free Radicals

8

Breast Tenderness

51

Gallbladder Attacks

55

Gallstones

55

Brittle

Bone Disease

Bronchial

Asthma

100 9

103

Gastric Ulcer

Bursitis

20

Gingivitis

56

Cancer Treatment Support

25

Glaucoma

58

Candida albicans

127

Glue Ear

47

Candidiasis

127

Gum Disease

56

Canker Sores

21

Hardening of the Arteries

11

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

23

Hay

59

Cataracts

24

Headaches

91

102

Heart Disease

11

102

Heart Failure

30

87

Heavy Menstruation

89

Chemotherapy Support

25

Hemorrhoids

60

Chinese Restaurant Syndrome

94

Hepatolenticular Degeneration

Cholecystitis

55

High Blood Pressure

67

Colitis

81

High Cholesterol

62

Common Cold/Sore Throat

28

High

69

Congestive Heart Failure

30

Hot Flashes

87

Constipation

32

Hypercholesterolemia

62

Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

67

Cervical Dysplasia

Cervical

Smear Test

Change of

Life

Copper Overload

126

Fever

126

Triglycerides

Coronary Artery Disease

11

Hypertriglyceridemia (High Triglycerides)

69

Crohn's Disease

34

Immune Function

72

Cyst (Breast)

51

Impotence

77

Conditions

Infertility

(Female)

75

Piles

Infertility

(Male)

77

Pimples

Inflammation of Bursa

20

Plaque (Arterial)

11

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

34

Pollen Allergy

59

Insomnia

79

Pregnancy Support

107

81

Premenstrual Syndrome

109

Kanner's Syndrome

17

Premenstrual Tension

109

Kidney Stones

83

Pritikin Diet

Program

111 18

Irritable

Bowel Syndrome

60 5

Leukoderma

122

Prostatic Hyperplasia

Light Sensitivity

105

Psoriasis

112

Macular Degeneration

85

Regional Enteritis

34

Menopause

87

Renal Calculi

83

Menorrhagia (Heavy Menstruation)

89

Repetitive Strain Injury

23

Menstrual Cramps

109

Rheumatoid

Arthritis

115

Menstruation (Heavy)

89

Rickets

Migraine Headaches

91

Senile

Morning

93

Sinusitis

21

Skin (Depigmentation)

MSG Sensitivity

94

Sleeplessness

79

Mucus

81

Sore Throat

28

Nausea (Pregnancy)

93

Spastic

Nephrolithiasis

83

Sperm Motility

77

Night Blindness

95

Sports Supplements

14

95

Stomach Ulcer

Mouth

Sickness

Ulcers

Colitis

-Nyctalopia

118

Dementia

6

28

Colon

122

81

103

Obesity

124

Teeth (Periodontal Disease)

56

Ornish Diet

111

Tennis Elbow

20

Osgood-Schlatter Disease

96

Thrush

127

Osteoarthritis

97

Ulcer (Gastric/Duodenal)

103

Ulcers (Mouth)

Osteochondrosis (Tibial Tuberosity)

96

Upper Respiratory

21 Infection

28

Osteomalacia

118

Urinary Calculi

Osteoporosis

100

Urinary Tract Infection

Media

47

Urolitiasis

75

Vitiligo

122

Otitis

Ovulation

83

120 83

Pap Smear (Abnormal)

102

Weight Loss and Obesity

124

Peptic Ulcer

103

Wilson's Disease

126

Yeast Infection

127

Yellow Nail Syndrome

129

Periodontal Disease Photosensitivity

Conditions

56 105

E Dietary Changes That

ACNE is

(also called

acne vulgaris)

a skin condition characterized by

May Be Food

allergy appears to play a role in adult acne, but

less

it is

Helpful

reddened, inflamed lesions (some-

important for teenage acne.

times called pustules or "white-

heads") on the face, neck, shoulders,

and elsewhere. Acne occurs most

commonly

in teenagers

and

to a

Nutrients That

May Be

Helpful

Several studies indicate that zinc (page 224) supple1

ments reduce the severity of acne. In one lesser extent in

young

adults.

The

condition results in part from exces-

was found apy

2

study, zinc

to be as effective as oral antibiotic ther-

Many

mg of

people with acne take 30

zinc

or three times per day for a few months, then 30 sive stimulation

of the skin by an-

drogens (male hormones). Bacterial

per day thereafter.

any improvement

It

is

seen.

A

(page 209)

—such

IU per day for females and 400-500,000

as 300,000

play a role.

mg

often takes twelve weeks before

Large quantities of vitamin infection of the skin also appears to

two

IU per day for males

—have been used

treat a severe type of

3 as cystic acne.

known

acne

successfully to

However, those quantities of vitamin

A are toxic and

should be taken only under the supervision of a health professional.

Vitamin B6 (page 214)

at

50

mg per day may alle-

viate premenstrual flare-ups of acne experienced by

some women. 4

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? Individuals for

who

more than

a

take 30

zinc,

is

in

order to prevent copper

mg per day of zinc, 2 mg per day of usually taken. For 60-90 mg per day of mg per day of copper is a reasonable

deficiency. For

3-4

of zinc per day

few months should balance the zinc

with copper (page 151)

copper

mg or more

30

amount. Studies

suggest

that

vitamin

A

in

amounts

may cause birth depregnant woman. Large doses of

greater than 10,000 IU per day fects if

vitamin

Conditions

taken by a

A

(more than 25,000 IU per day for an adult)

— can also be toxic and should he monitored by

a nu-

used at 1-2 grams three times per

day.

Many

herbal

preparations combine burdock root with other

tritionally oriented doctor.

al-

terative herbs, such as yellow dock, red clover (page

Herbs That

Be A

May

301), or cleavers.

Helpful

large study

tree

page 313

mon

acne.

Are There Any Side Effects

compared the oil to

5%

Although the

topical use of

5%

tea

benzoyl peroxide for comtea tree oil

was slower and

or Interactions? Tea

tree oil

should not be applied to broken skin or

to areas affected by rashes not

had

far fewer side effects

may burn

and was thus considered more

effective overall.-" For

other tender areas.

less

potent

in its action,

it

topical treatment of acne,

many people

use the

oil at

5-15%.

a dilution of

Historically tonic or alterative herbs, such as

if

it

never be taken internally.

of skin conditions. These herbs are believed to have

Use of burdock root

a cleansing effect

ple take 2

I

.

have been used

when taken

in the

internally/

Many

peo-

ml of burdock root tincture per day

Dried root preparations

Checklist for Nutritional

in a

capsule or tablet can be

oil

mouth, or

Some people have allergic reactions, including rashes and itching, when applying tea tree oil. For this reason, only a small amount should be applied when first using it. The oil should

treatment

burdock page 239

due to fungus. The

gets into the eyes, nose,

is

at the

dosages

listed

above

generally safe. However, burdock root in large

quantities

may

stimulate the uterus, and

it

should be

used with caution during pregnancy.

Acne

Supplements

Zinc, Vitamin A, Vitamin

B6

Homeopathic Remedies

Herbs Tea tree

oil,

Burdock

Sulfur 6c, Hepar sulfuris 6c

ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE is

a brain disorder that occurs in

the later years of

life.

some, but not

memory and

gradually lose the ability to function

world and to take care of

themselves.

all,

not known. However,

is

studies suggest that

lated to an accumulation of

aluminum

it

may be

re-

in the brain.

1

Dietary Changes That

May Be

Helpful

Although the connection between Alzheimer's ease and

in the

this disorder

Individuals

with Alzheimer's disease develop progressive loss of

The cause of

dis-

aluminum exposure has not been proven,

it

seems prudent to take steps to minimize exposure to this metal.

foods that foil,

aluminum pots, contact with aluminum

Avoid foods cooked

come

into direct

and beverages stored

in

in

aluminum

cans.

Some

Conditions

water authorities add aluminum to the water supply

ments

to prevent the accumulation of particulate matter

this disease.

78

may be

such areas, bottled water

in the water. In

until further studies clarify the role of zinc in

preferable.

Herbs That

Nutrients That

May Be

Be

Helpful

An Phosphatidylserine (page 196), which lecithin (page 176),

pound present

mg three 2

a naturally occurring

times per day) has been in individuals

shown

to improve

with Alzheimer's

However, the phosphatidylserine used

studies

com-

Phosphatidylserine (100

in the brain.

mental function ease.

is

related to

is

dis-

in these

was obtained from the brains of cows, which

may not be

the safest source for this nutrient. Fortu-

nately, a plant source of phosphatidylserine

available

—however,

this

is

a slightly different

is

of phosphatidylserine, and

its

also

form

naturally in the brain carnitine improves

disease.

4

uses 500

in

Most

is

a

molecule that occurs

and other

tissues. Acetyl-L-

memory and enhances

some

overall

individuals with Alzheimer's

research involving acetyl-L-carnitine

mg three times per day.

Large amounts of vitamin E (page 220)

may

slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease, according to researchers from the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study.

A two-year study of 341

individuals

with Alzheimer's disease of moderate severity found that 2,000 IU per day of vitamin

E extended

the time

patients were able to care for themselves, such as

bathing, dressing, and other necessary daily functions,

compared

made from

extract

the leaves of the Ginkgo

a leading treatment for early-stage

is

Alzheimer's disease in Europe. While not a cure for

Ginkgo biloba (page 268) (GBE) may improve memory and quality of

this serious condition,

ex-

tract

life

and slow progression

mg

shows that 240

memory,

Research

in the early stages.

per day of

GBE

can improve

and mood. Improvements were

attention,

noted as early as after one month of supplementation

and became progressively better over the course

of two studies. 9

This

is

10

very exciting information, considering

that the only drug currently approved in the United

Acetyl-L-carnitine

performance

Helpful

biloba tree

effectiveness needs

documentation. 3

May

to those taking a placebo.

States for early-stage Alzheimer's disease

This medication

extremely toxic to the

Cognex. liver

and

has not proven useful for long-term treatment of

GBE offers a safer alternative. Many people use

Alzheimer's disease.

and more

successful

60

GBE three times per day. A class of herbs often

is

the tonic, or adapto-

Examples include Asian ginseng (page

mg per day of the standardized herbal

232) (100-200 extract),

of

used for elderly persons

experiencing mental decline genic, herbs.

mg

eleuthero

(Siberian ginseng)

(page 257)

(2-3 grams per day of the dried root or 300-400

mg

per day of the concentrated solid extract standard-

on eleutherosides B and

ized

E), astragalus (page

5

Preliminary findings indicate a beneficial effect

233) (two to three 500 day),

of tyrosine (page 207), along with other amino acids, in people affected by

is

is

dementia including Alz-

heimer's disease. 6

mg

capsules three times per

and ashwagandha.

Asian ginseng has the longest history of use traditional Chinese medicine for older individuals

and

is

showing signs

in

commonly used of memory loss.

Asian ginseng improves and sharpens mental con-

Are There Any Side Effects

centration

or Interactions?

and memory. 11

There are no known contraindications to the use of these nutrients in the amounts mentioned. Although the preliminary research

is

contradictory, patients

with Alzheimer's disease should avoid zinc supple-

Conditions

as is

GBE

and performance, including attention 12

While not as thoroughly researched

show that ginseng improving memory and also counter-

for this condition, studies

effective at

ing depression in the elderly.

ments combine

Some

herbal supple-

GBE with Asian ginseng.

Are There Any Side Effects

may cause overstimulation and possibly insomnia. Consuming caffeine with ginseng increases ginseng

or Interactions?

and gastrointestinal

Ginkgo is essentially devoid of any serious side effects. Mild headaches lasting for a day or two and

the

mild upset stomach have been reported in a very

sure should not use ginseng. Long-term use of gin-

small percentage of people using ginkgo. There are

may cause menstrual abnormalities and breast tenderness in some women. Ginseng is not recommended for pregnant or lactating women. Astragalus has no known side effects when used

no known contraindications

to the use of ginkgo by

pregnant and lactating women.

Used

as

recommended, Asian ginseng and

eleuthero are generally safe. In rare instances, Asian

risk

overstimulation

of

upset. Persons with uncontrolled high blood pres-

seng

as

recommended.

Checklist for Alzheimer's Disease Nutritional

Supplements

Phosphatidylserine, Acetyl-L-carnitine,

Vitamin

Homeopathic Remedies

Herbs

E,

Ginkgo biloba, Asian ginseng,

No homeopathy commonly used

Eleuthero, Astragalus,

for this condition

Ashwagandha

Tyrosine

ANTIOXIDANTS AND FREE RADICALS These molecules are unstable and react with other

OXYGEN since

compounds

IS

essential to

humans need

life,

to breathe air

containing oxygen in order to sustain

life.

Yet oxygen

is

these

in

our body. Some of

compounds can cause damage.

During cellular respiration

effort to

with an "antioxidant" defense system.

(the

Environmental Sources of Free Radicals The environment

some

oxygen molecules are converted into

radicals"), such as superoxides or

rays);

X

ozone and nitrous oxide (primarily from auto-

mobile exhaust); heavy metals (such as mercury, cad-

passive); strain

lead); cigarette

alcohol;

unsaturated fat

other chemicals and

and

smoke (both

active

and

(may create a

on the natural antioxidants of the body); and

compounds from

food, water,

air.

When

these free radicals enter the body, they can

react with healthy tissue, setting off potentially

8

Such

a source of free radicals.

sun exposure, cosmic rays, and medical

mium, and oxidizing agents (also called "free

is

oxidizing agents include: ionizing radiation (from industry,

process that creates energy),

hydrogen peroxide.

an

very active

and combines readily with many

compounds

become stabilized. This quest for stability can be quite damaging to normal body tissues, but fortunately the body is equipped in

dam-

Conditions

aging reactions. Free radicals are believed to plav a role in

more than

sixry different health conditions.

including the aging process, cancer, and atherosclerosis.-

Reducing exposure

and

to free radicals

in-

oxidant enzymes

more

may not absorb

well.

may

It

effective to take the "building blocks" the

requires to

make SOD.

be

body

and glutathione

catalase.

peroxidase. These building block nutrients include

manganese page 1S5

creasing intake of antioxidant nutrients can reduce

the minerals

the risk of free radical-related health problems.

and copper page 151

SOD

for

.

page 224

zinc

.

and selenium page

203 for glutathione peroxidase. In addition to

Natural Antioxidants To reduce

their

energy load, free

radicals react with certain cells in the body, interfer-

ing with the cells' ability to function normally. For-

tunately there are

many

may reduce

ways: they

234

in several

in the first place, or inter-

rupt an oxidizing chain reaction to minimize the

damage

SOD

.

catalase.

and glu-

to defuse

Supplements of these to

augment

many types of compounds are

.

B2

page 1"9

lutein

vitamin B3

page 220

page 213

page 212

.

.

beta-

lycopene

.

in the

form of

vitamin R6

page

.

.

curcumin

turmeric page 514

.

pine bark extracts

grape seed or

,

proanthocvanidms. page 199

and ginkgo biloba page 268

.

.

can also provide pow-

erful antioxidant protection for the

A wide

tathione peroxidase are enzymes produced by the itself

.

vitamin E

.

such as

right,

coenzyme Q10 page 152 and cysteine page an amino acid Herbs, such as bilberry page

.

of free radicals

Superoxide dismutase

body

page 209

niacin, vitamin

154

the energy oi rhe free radical, stop the

from forming

page 180

damage

body Antioxidants work

free radical

carotene

214

21"

C page

vitamin

natural antioxidants that

interfere with free radicals before they can

the

own

erals act as antioxidants in their

Free radicals are inherently unstable, since they contain "extra" energy.

enzymes, many vitamins and min-

body

variety of antioxidant enzymes, vita-

mins, minerals, and herbs

may

be rhe best way to

provide the body with the most complete protection

free radicals.

against free radical damage. See the individual nutri-

also available

ent or herb entries

the body's supply. However, these anti-

on

a

m this book for more information

particular antioxidant.

ASTHMA ASTHMA

Dietary Changes That is

a

lung disorder in

May Be

Helpful

which spasms of the bronchial pasUnrecognized food allergy

sages restrict the flow oi air in and

in at least

out of the lungs. The number of peo-

75%

is

a contributing factor

of childhood asthmatics and about

of adult asthmatics.-

A

medically supervised

"allergy elimination diet" often helps identify prob-

ple with

from

asthma and the death

this

condition have been

rate lematic foods. in-

creasing since the late 1980s. Environ-

A

health care professional should su-

pervise this allergy test, since there triggering an

a

is

chance of

asthma artack during the eliminadon-

and-rechallenge.

mental pollution appears to be one of the causes of this growing epidemic.

Some asthmatics sulfites

react to food additives, such as

and tartrazine yellow dye #5

occurring class of chemicals

may Conditions

also provoke

asthma

known

.

A

naturally

as salicylates

in sensitive individuals.

A

nutritionally oriented doctor or an allergist can help

Research suggests that some allergy-provoking sub-

determine whether chemical

stances, such as dust

sensitivities are present.

counteract the allergenic effects of these positively

Nutrients That

charged ions on respiratory

Helpful may

in asth-

relate to the

asthma

gies.

13

Other allergy

sufferers report considerable

pletely, after

negative ion therapy.

phylline and aminophylline) that deplete vitamin

B6. 3 In a study of asthmatic children, 200

indi-

with a few allergy reactions resolving com-

relief,

mg per day

of vitamin B6 for two months reduced the severity of

and reduced the amount of asthma

their illness

many

viduals experience relief from their respiratory aller-

common

is

or to certain antiasthma drugs (such as theo-

itself

Negative ions

tissues.

generally lead to favorable effects, and

Vitamin B6 (page 214) deficiency matics. 2 This deficiency

positive elec-

Meanwhile, negative ions appear to

trical charge.

May Be

and pollen, have a

The majority of

allergy sufferers can reduce reliance

ments

on other

treat-

biochemical, or prescription)

(nutritional,

during negative ion therapy.

medication needed. 4 In another study, asthmatic adults experienced a dramatic decrease in the fre-

quency and 50

asthma attacks while taking

severity of

mg of vitamin B6 twice a day.

5

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? Individuals undergoing dialysis should not take vita-

Magnesium (page 182) levels are frequently low 6 in asthmatics. Magnesium supplements might help prevent asthma attacks, since magnesium can pre-

than 200

vent spasms of the bronchial passages. Intravenous

for

injections of

magnesium can stop an acute asthma

attack within minutes.

7

Although the

effect of oral

magnesium has not been well studied, many doctors recommend magnesium supplements for their asthma

The

patients.

taken by an adult

is

usual

200-400

proportionately

take

amount

less,

mg

magnesium

of

per day (children

based on their body

weight).

Supplementation with

1

gram of vitamin

C

min

C

Ingestion of large

damage.

Large

therefore be moni-

Magnesium

in

effects.

The normal stomach produces about amount of HC1 as is found in twenty tablets or capsules.

the

same

10-grain

However, people should not take

more than 10 grains (650 mg) of HC1 without the recommendation of a nutritionally oriented physi-

No

side effects are associated with the use of

air.

asthma have shown considerable improve-

after taking

1-2 grams of vitamin

buffered form of vitamin

C

bate or calcium ascorbate)

some asthmatics than acid).

nerve

supplements are not associated with side

ionized

ment

cause

amounts can cause diarrhea. Vitamin B12

larger

cian.

uals with

can

for adults, proportionately less

tored by a health care professional.

bronchial passages to go into spasm. 8

individ-

mg per day

children)

supervision.

amounts of vitamin B6 (more

amounts of vitamin B6 should

(page 217) per day reduces the tendency of the

Some

magnesium without medical

or

(such as

C

per day.

A

sodium ascor-

may work

regular vitamin

C

better for

Herbs That

Be

May

Helpful

(ascorbic

9

Ephedrine, an alkaloid extracted from ephedra (page

Very high amounts of vitamin B12 (page 216)

259),

is

an approved over-the-counter treatment for

per day) have been found to

bronchial tightness associated with asthma. 14 Over-

reduce the tendency for asthmatics to react to sul-

the-counter drugs containing ephedrine can be safely

supplements (1,500

fites.

10

The

meg

trace mineral

body detoxify

sulfites.

11

molybdenum

also helps the

However, a nutritionally

ori-

used by adults in the amount of 12.5-25

mg every

more than 150

and treatment of

labels for children's dosages.

Betaine hydrochloride, or HC1, (page 139)

may

be helpful to some individuals with asthma. 12 Ionized air (page 172)

10

may

also play a role in allergies.

every

four hours. Adults should take a total dose of no

ented physician should be involved in the evaluation sulfite sensitivity.

mg

twenty-four hours. Refer to

Ephedrine has largely

been replaced by other bronchodilating drugs, such as alupent

and

albuterol. Ephedra, also

known

as

ma

huang, continues to be an important component of

Conditions

Some

traditional herbal preparations for asthma.

people use 1-2 grams of the herb per day.

any type of product with ephedra. Ephedra-based

Traditionally, herbs that have a soothing effect

on bronchioles are

would

also used for asthma.

marshmallow

include

These

(page

root

sants should consult with a physician before using

289),

products should be avoided during pregnancy and

and used with caution

lactation

under

in children

the age of six years.

Marshmallow root

mullein (page 291), and licorice (page 286).

is

very safe. There have been

extremely rare reports of allergic reactions. Mullein is

generally safe, and there are

no known contraindi-

Are There Any Side Effects

cations to

or Interactions?

cept for rare reports of skin irritation.

Ephedra and ephedrine should be used with caution, since they

may

increase the heart rate

and

elevate

moved may retention.

heart conditions, diabetes, glaucoma, thyroid dis-

fect

and those taking MAO-inhibiting antidepres-

Checklist for

use during pregnancy or lactation, ex-

Licorice products without the glycyrrhizin re-

blood pressure. Anyone with high blood pressure,

ease,

its

increase blood pressure and cause water

Some people

are

more

sensitive to this ef-

than are others. Deglycyrrhizinated licorice ex-

do not cause

tracts

these side effects.

Asthma Herbs

Homeopathic Remedies

Vitamin B6, Magnesium,

Ephedra, Marshmallow root,

No homeopathy commonly

Vitamin C, Vitamin B12,

Mullein, Licorice

used

Nutritional

Supplements

for this condition

Betaine hydrochloride, Ionized air

ATHEROSCLEROSIS Atherosclerosis of arteries supplying the heart called coronary artery disease.

ATHEROSCLEROSIS, or hardening of the arteries,

of

a very

common disease of the major

blood

vessels. It is characterized

fatty streaks

by

along the vessel walls

can

blood to the heart, which often triggers heart

attacks

is

It

is

restrict the flow

—

the leading cause of death in Americans

and Europeans. Atherosclerosis of the

arteries sup-

plying the legs causes a condition called intermittent claudication.

People with elevated cholesterol

more

likely to

levels are

much

have atherosclerosis than people with

and deposits of cholesterol and

low cholesterol

calcium.

approaches to protecting against atherosclerosis are

aimed

levels.

at lowering

Many

important nutritional

serum cholesterol

levels.

People

concerned about atherosclerosis should also read the section

Conditions

on high cholesterol (page

62).

11

People with diabetes are also at very high risk for atherosclerosis.

Those with diabetes who

are

concerned about atherosclerosis should also read the section

on diabetes (page

may be

risk for atherosclerosis. For a discussion

and may also reduce the

see the section

sclerosis,

about

risk of athero-

on hypertriglyceridemia

amount

Lifestyle Changes That May Be Helpful

May Be

Quitting smoking protects

and heart disease and

osclerosis

is

(page

ather-

a critical step in

A behavior are both associated

linked to protection from this condition.

is

These are discussed

in

more

8)

when

it

—

—low

density

triggers athero-

has been damaged by reactive

detail in the section

on

supplements protect

serves to protect

LDL

LDL cholesterol.

is

an antioxidant that

from oxidative damage 5 and

has been linked to prevention of heart disease in double-blinded research. 6 Vitamin protects

with an increased risk of atherosclerosis, while exercise

"bad" cholesterol

Vitamin E (page 220)

is

the process of disease prevention.

Obesity and type

LDL

molecules called free radicals. Several antioxidant

disease.

many people from

Helpful

cardiologists agree that

sclerosis only

doctors acknowledge that smoking

and heart

of 2-4 ml, three times daily.

Nutrients That

lipoproteins, or

directly linked to atherosclerosis

powder per

day from capsules. Garlic may also be taken as a

Many

all

of garlic

fish,

(page 69).

Virtually

mg

at high

and other natural substances that lower

triglycerides

eating garlic or taking 900

tincture in the

39).

People with elevated triglycerides

fish oil,

an antiatherogenic agent, and many recommend

min

C

7

LDL, although

it is

(page 217) also

less clear

whether

vita-

protects against atherosclerosis. Virtually

nutritionally oriented doctors

IU of vitamin E per day to lower the sclerosis

and heart

attacks.

all

recommend 400-800

Many

suggest that people take vitamin

cholesterol.

C

risk of athero-

such doctors also

C

—

often

1

per day. See the section on cholesterol for

gram more

details.

Dietary Changes That

May Be

In

heart disease.

dietary changes in protecting

from atherosclerosis include avoiding meat

arteries

and dairy

increasing fiber, and possibly avoiding

fat,

studies, people

nium (page 203)

Helpful

The most important

some

8 9

who consume more

in their diet

In

sele-

have a lower risk of

one double-blinded report,

indi-

who already had one heart attack were given meg of selenium per day or placebo for six

viduals

100

months. 10 At the end of the

trial,

there were four

foods that contain trans fatty acids (margarine and

deaths from heart disease in the placebo group but

other processed foods).

none

Independent of their foods

lesterol,

cholesterol 1

sclerosis.

yolks.

contain

high

amounts

significant).

—mostly egg yolks—can induce athero-

recommend

It

that

makes sense

to reduce the intake of egg

may not

increase

all diet is

sulting

low

serum cholesterol

in fat.

from

as eating saturated fat,

A decrease in

stress

research.

if

LDL

the over-

eral

studies

have

—combined with

exer-

reduction has been proven by medical

2

Garlic (page 265) acts as a blood thinner

may reduce

and

other risk factors for atherosclerosis.

4

Doctors of natural medicine generally view garlic as

12

day.

cholesterol

found

from damage. 11 Sevfoods

high

in

quercetin lowers the risk of heart disease,

12 13 14

but

the research

Quercetin

is

on

this

found

levels

is

not consistent. 15

in apples, onions, black tea,

amounts linked

from heart disease are Blood

eating

subject

as a supplement. Dietary

tion 3

oriented doctors

Quercetin (page 201), a bioflavonoid (page 140), also protects

— meaning no

nutritionally

be statistically

that people with atherosclerosis supple-

and eggs

atherosclerosis re-

a pure vegetarian diet

meat, poultry, dairy, or eggs

and

at all

Some

this difference to

ment with 100-200 meg of selenium per

However, eating eggs does not increase serum

much

selenium group (although the numbers

were too small for

of

cholesterol as

cise

on serum cho-

effect

in the

as

low as 35

and

to protec-

mg per

day.

of an amino acid called homocys-

teine are strongly linked to both atherosclerosis

heart disease in general.

16

and

Researchers believe that

Conditions

even slight elevations of homocysteine trigger atherosclerosis at

early stages

its

and

significantly in-

B12 (page

levels

216), and

nails, skin rash,

of vitamins B6 (page 214),

folic acid

per day can cause the loss of finger-

and changes to the nervous system.

No clear toxicity has

crease the risk of heart disease.

Higher blood

meg

of 1,000

(page 163) are associ-

been identified with quercetin.

mask

Folic acid, although safe, can

toms of vitamin B12

which

deficiency,

is

the symp-

why

these

ated with low levels of homocysteine, 17 and supple-

vitamins should always be taken together. Vitamin

menting with these vitamins lowers homocysteine

B12 supplements

are not associated with side effects.

Vitamin B6 side

effects are rare, but

levels.

18 19

For the few cases in which B6, B12, and

folic acid fail to

normalize homocysteine, adding 6

grams per day of betaine may be

effective.

20

Of

these

tem changes can occur with dosages above 200

important.

Attempts to lower homocysteine by

simply changing the diet rather than using vitamin

supplements have not been successful. eral trials

While

sev-

have consistently shown that B6, B12, and

folic acid are helpful, the

Many nutritionally recommend 50 mg of vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and 800

meg of

grams per

day,

sulfate greater than 10

nausea may occur.

No

other adverse

have been reported. Care should be taken

effects

if

using a form of chondroitin sulfate that contains

sodium, as

this

may worsen high blood

pressure.

oriented doctors

100-300 meg of

folic acid.

Chondroitin sulfate (page 149)

may

At intakes of chondroitin

amounts used vary from

study to study.

ent that

22

mg

per day.

four supplements, folic acid appears to be the most 21

nervous sys-

is

another nutri-

prove to be important for healthy blood

Herbs That

May

Be

Helpful

As

the case with nutritional supplements

is

and

Preliminary research shows that chondroitin

foods that protect the cardiovascular system, herbs

may prevent atherosclerosis in animals and humans and may also prevent heart attacks in people who already have atherosclerosis. 23 24 However, fur-

that help prevent atherosclerosis are those that pro-

vessels.

sulfate

ther research

is

vide one of the following actions:

needed to determine the value of

•

chondroitin sulfate supplements for preventing or

Reduce the

levels

of cholesterol (page 62) and

triglycerides (page 69) in the

treating atherosclerosis.

bloodstream

•

Reduce the

Resveratrol (page 202), found primarily in red

•

Improve the strength of blood

a naturally occurring antioxidant that de-

•

Improve the flow of blood through the body

•

Provide antioxidant (page

wine,

is

creases the "stickiness" of blood platelets and helps 252627 flexible.

blood vessels remain open and

stickiness of platelets in the

8)

to the cardiovascular system

vessel walls

protection

—

particularly

with regard to blocking oxidation of

Are There Any Side Effects

blood

LDL

cholesterol

or Interactions? Vitamin E side

from vitamin C. However, some individuals experience diarrhea when taking a few thousand fects

milligrams of vitamin

C

per day. Selenium in excess

more

detailed

information

on lowering

serum cholesterol and

triglycerides

using herbs,

For

effects are very rare, as are side ef-

please refer to the respective herb entries from the checklist.

Checklist for Atherosclerosis Nutritional

Supplements

Homeopathic Remedies

Herbs Asian ginseng, Bilberry, Butcher's

No homeopathy commonly used

Quercetin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin

broom, Fenugreek,

for this condition

B12, Folic acid, Betaine,

Ginger, Ginkgo biloba, Guggul,

Chondroitin sulfate, Resveratrol

Hawthorn, Psyllium, Turmeric

Vitamin

E,

Conditions

Vitamin C, Selenium,

Fo-ti, Garlic,

13

ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE Nutrients That ASIDE FROM tion

may be

the

training, nutri-

most important

Be

Helpful

in-

Strenuous

fluence

on

athletic

May

performance.

An

adequate number of calories, carbo-

exercise

damage muscle

free radicals,

and

tissue

fat

and even dietary

and water are necessary

for a

healthy body and especially for an

areas

increases

also

Antioxidants (page 217) and vitamin cals before they

athlete's body.

Nutrient needs often

increase faster than calorie needs for

tioxidants

may

E

in cities

exposure

8),

to

of

which can

inflammation

result in

and aching muscles. Exercising hydrates, protein,

production

the

increases

harmful substances called

or

free

including vitamin

smoggy radicals.

C

(page

(page 220), neutralize free radi-

can damage the body; although an-

do not improve

athletic

performance, they

aid in exercise recovery. Regular exercise in-

creases the efficiency of the antioxidant defense sys-

the athlete, yet

many

athletes

always eat an optimal

diet.

do not

Mean-

tem, but an extra boost of antioxidant vitamins

be needed letes

while, even marginal deficiencies of

older or untrained individuals or ath-

are undertaking an especially vigorous

training protocol or athletic event. 1

The B-complex vitamins (page

essential nutrients can reduce en-

durance, shorten the time to fatigue,

who

in

210) are also im-

portant for athletes because they are needed to unlock the energy from carbohydrates. Exercisers

or

make

it

more

performance.

difficult to

improve

may

may

have slightly increased requirements for some of the

B vitamins, such as vitamin B2 (page 212), vitamin B6 (page 214), and pantothenic acid (page 193). 2 Athletic performance could suffer

if

these increased

needs are not met. Intense exercise alters the body's use of and re-

quirements for several minerals. For example, exer-

can decrease blood

cise

losses of

Low

chromium

levels of these

levels

and increase urinary

(page 150) and zinc (page 224).

minerals interfere with blood

sugar regulation, energy production, tissue repair,

and resistance in a

to colds

and

form called chromium

ied for tion.

its

infections.

potential role in altering

6

body composiin

animals 4 and

suggested that chromium picolinate

creases fat loss

up research

Chromium,

picolinate, has been stud-

Although preliminary research

humans 5

3

in

and lean muscle

tissue gain, follow-

people has not confirmed chromium

picolinate to have a significant effect in altering

composition.

14

in-

body

7

Conditions

Iron (page 173) it

is

crucial for the athlete because

transports oxygen to and within the muscle

cells.

However, some athletes do not get enough of

80%

mineral. In fact, up to iron

result

and poor concentration.

ity,

fatigue (an early

athletic perfor-

powders that contain leucine are used by some

irritabil-

Nonetheless,

who

Other amino acids also influence

reduced en-

in

it

is

unwise to supplement with iron unless a deficiency has been diagnosed. Athletes

tissue.

mance. Leucine (page 177) supplements or protein

durance, muscle soreness, fatigue, lethargy, 8

that are needed for the mainte-

are

of exercising

which can

deficient,

nance of muscle

this

women

BCAAs

with the

experience undue

bodybuilders and other athletes to promote muscle recovery.

14

Some, but not

studies indicate that in-

all,

osine (page 169) can benefit athletes by improving

aerobic performance. 15

Some

warning sign of iron deficiency)

experts have claimed that ornithine (page

promotes muscle-building

should have their iron status evaluated by a nutri-

190)

tionally oriented physician.

but subsequent research has not supported these

Magnesium

This mineral aids

athlete's body.

and relaxation,

tion

many

(page 182) plays

tains the heartbeat

facilitates

in

roles in the

muscle contrac-

nerve function, main-

and blood pressure, and helps

build muscle. Strenuous exercise

may

increase

mag-

claims.

A

16

similar

amino

OKG

is

acids ornithine

of magnesium, thus placing an extra drain on mag-

levels in muscle.

status.

cle

protein, might be ergogenic aids (performance en-

hancers). However, while

it is

now

established that

an increased need for protein compared

maximum amount

with other adults, the

— weight—

suggested by researchers

pounds of body most

1.5

grams

of protein

for every 2.2

already in the diet of

is

athletes. Eating larger

amounts of protein may

For those few athletes

amounts of

who consume from

protein

less

their

than diets,

which include the amino acids leucine, isoleucine, valine, are

cle tissue

and

needed for the maintenance of musfor intense exercise.

ments may reduce muscle gain

loss

BCAA

supple-

and speed muscle

Research shows that individuals

who

supple-

carnitine (page 146) while engaging in an

exercise regimen are less likely to experience muscle

A

11

number

of clinical trials also indicate

that supplements of pyruvate (page 200), an altered

form of sugar, enhance exercise endurance. However, the research with pyruvate

and further fect

trials are

on performance

Whey of

creatine in the tine or in a is

amino

acids.

is

is

12

if

the ef-

significant.

Whey

is

18

body

is

Most

of the

stored in the muscles as crea-

form called phosphocreatine. 19 Creatine

traction.

20

also increases the synthesis of muscle

It

protein and assists in the formation of polyamines

motes protein synthesis by causing the muscles to swell,

which

is

Gamma sterols

and

called "cell volumizing."

oryzanol (page 164)

it

increases testosterone levels, the re-

lease of endorphins,

class

a mixture of

ferulic acid esters. Preliminary evidence

suggests that

tissue

is

and the growth of lean muscle

u

of

medium

chain triglycerides (page 184) are a

fatty

acids,

but

unlike

other

fats,

the

chain triglycerides are more rapidly ab-

sorbed and burned as energy. 23 However, most peo-

consume an adequate,

if

not excessive, amount

of fat in their diets, so extra fat intake as

chain triglycerides

is

medium

probably unnecessary.

13

preliminary

needed to determine

protein (page 223)

Conditions

also encourages synthesis of

a quickly available energy source for muscle con-

ple

small

OKG

while increasing muscle growth. 17

Medium

soreness.

and increase arginine and glutamine

insulin,

energy and muscle-building processes.

10

ment with

hormone

Creatine (page 153) assists in the production of

BCAAs,

branched-chain amino acids (page 138), or

and

166);

(powerful growth promoters). 21 Creatine also pro-

be linked to osteoporosis and kidney disease.

optimal

and glutamine (page

polyamine and helps prevent the breakdown of mus-

Certain amino acids, the building blocks for

athletes have

formed from

is

muscle-building hormones, such as growth

and

nesium

OKG,

believed to enhance the body's release of

nesium requirements while increasing urinary losses 9

compound, ornithine alpha-

ketoglutarate (page 191), or the

activity in the body,

a dairy-based source

protein provides the body

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? Vitamin E side fects

effects are very rare, as are side ef-

from vitamin C. However, some individuals

experience diarrhea

when taking

a few

thousand

15

C

milligrams of vitamin

per day. Vitamin B2

amounts. Vitamin B6 side

toxic, even in high

with deteriorating kidney function and possibly os-

non-

is

teoporosis. However, neither kidney nor

effects

are rare, but nervous system changes can occur with

dosages above 200 reported

mg per day.

pantothenic

for

doses; very large

amounts

lems

Toxicity has not been

acid

(several

bly contribute

grams per day)

chromium has not been in

50-300 meg per

humans. Zinc intake

dition,

Little

In ad-

of

(page 151) intake.

containing supplements

Hemochromatosis,

when

(as

be

a child swal-

Keep

fatal.

out of

a

hemosiderosis,

and iron-loading anemias (such sive storage

child's

iron-

as thalassemia

arrhea. Occasionally, this can

more

mg per day.

serious, but

happen

Excessive

at

effects

with the use of

no

effects

have been reported with the use

Consuming medium chain on an empty stomach can lead to gasupset. Anyone with cirrhosis or other

oryzanol.

disease,

should

not

use

chain triglycerides.

and

Herbs That

Be Some

di-

doses as

magnesium

rarely caused by

it is

whey

problems or lung problems, such as chronic

medium

polycythemia,

Taking too much magnesium often leads to

is

to the diet than

creatine side effects, but

pulmonary obstructive

reach.

dangerous for people with these diseases.

take

No side gamma

liver

of iron. Supplementing iron can be quite

low as 350-500

more protein

known about

trointestinal

anemia) are conditions that involve exces-

sickle cell

is

triglycerides

Huge overdoses of iron lows many iron pills) can

whey

consistent toxicity has been reported to date.

in excess of

important to balance zinc and copper

is

it

with

inosine, ornithine, or ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate.

linked consistently

mg per day may impair immune function.

300

associated

There are no reported side

In supplemental doses (typically

with any toxicity

directly

protein.

can cause diarrhea.

day),

been

protein; the other dietary sources of protein proba-

supplemental

at

have

bone prob-

Helpful athletes during their training utilize energizing

herbs, such as Asian ginseng (page 232), eleuthero

in-

mag-

May

(Siberian ginseng)

(page 257), and guarana (page

273).

nesium supplements. People with kidney disease should not take magnesium supplements without

Are There Any Side Effects

consulting a physician.

or Interactions?

Side effects have not been reported with the use

of

BCAAs.

Carnitine has not been consistently

linked with any toxicity symptoms. People allergic to dairy

tein

are

products could react to whey pro-

and should therefore avoid

general,

who

Guarana may cause insomnia, trembling, anxiety, palpitations, urinary frequency, and hyperactivity.

it.

As with protein

long-term excessive intake

is

Its

use should be avoided during pregnancy and lac-

tation.

Long-term use may cause decreased

fertility,

in

cardiovascular disease, and several forms of cancer,

associated

according to epidemiological studies of caffeine use.

Checklist for Athletic Performance Nutritional

Supplements

Vitamin C, Vitamin

E,

Vitamin B-complex

(B2, B6, pantothenic acid),

Zinc, Iron,

Homeopathic Remedies

Asian ginseng,

No homeopathy commonly used

Eleuthero, Guarana

for this condition

Magnesium, Branched-chain

amino acids (BCAAs),

Whey

Chromium,

Herbs

Carnitine, Pyruvate,

protein, Leucine, Inosine, Ornithine,

Ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate (OKG), Creatine monohydrate,

Medium

16

Gamma oryzanol,

chain triglycerides

Conditions

Nutrients That

AUTISM

is

a severe psychiatric

disorder that begins in childhood.

May Be

Helpful

Vitamin B6 (page 214) has helped to normalize the function of nerve

Autistic individuals generally have

only weak contact with

trolled

trials,

1

Uncon-

and double-blinded research shows that

min B6 can be

reality.

cells in autistic children.

helpful for autistic children.

children typically took between 3.5

most 100

mg

2 3

vita-

In these

mg and

al-

of B6 for every 2.2 pounds of body

some researchers recommending 30 mg per 2.2 pounds of body weight. Although toxicity was not reported, such amounts are widely considered to have potential toxicity, can damage the nerweight, with

vous system, and should only be administered by a nutritionally oriented doctor.

At

least

researcher has suggested that vitamin ter

one prominent

B6 may be

bet-

supported by research than drug treatment

dealing with autism.

Some

in

4

researchers have added

magnesium (page

182) to vitamin B6, reporting that taking both nutri-

may work better than taking B6 alone. J The amount of magnesium 10-15 mg per 2.2 pounds

ents

of body weight

—

—

is

high enough to cause diarrhea in

some people and should be administered by

a nutri-

tionally oriented doctor. Doctors of natural medi-

cine will often try vitamin

B6 and magnesium

B6 or the combination of

for at least three

months

to see

if

these nutrients help autistic children.

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? As mentioned above, the amounts of vitamin B6 and magnesium often used for autism are very high and have the potential for

toxicity.

A

health care physi-

cian should be consulted during treatment.

Checklist for Autism Nutritional

Supplements

Vitamin B6, Magnesium

No herbs commonly used this condition

Conditions

Homeopathic Remedies

Herbs for

No homeopathy commonly used for this condition

17

BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA Nutrients That THE PROSTATE

is

May Be

a small

In 1941, Dr.

gland that surrounds the neck of

Helpful

William Cooper and James Hart wrote

about using flaxseed the bladder

function

is

and urethra.

Its

major

of

to contribute to seminal

BPH.

mg

1

enlarges or swells,

it

it

of flaxseed

can cral

put pressure on the urethra, acting

—

bit like a clamp)

known

this

a

per day.

oil

the treatment

men were given

The dose was

and then reduced to 1,300

mg

2,000

given for

per day for

weeks. After that time, a maintenance dose

of less then 1,000

mg was used. All patients began 63% had no residual urine at the

retaining less urine;

condition

is

as benign prostatic hyperall fifty-year-

lems stopped

and

leg pain

in

68 °o. All patients noted

along with an increase

Dribbling was eliminated

men

in

conclusion of the testing. Nighttime urination prob-

plasia (BPH). Half of

old

page 162

In this study, nineteen

three days fluid. If

oil

have BPH.

A man

with

BPH

has to urinate more often and expe-

in

95%

in

less fatigue

sexual libido.

of the cases. Urine

stream was more forceful and the size of the prostate

was reduced. Unfortunately there has been no recent follow-up to this preliminary research.

riences less force

and caliber while

urinating, often dribbling.

If

the

prostate enlarges too much, urina-

Other researchers have noticed that the portion of the seminal fluid for which the prostate sible

is

high

in the

mineral zinc page 224

is

there

difficult or

is

impossible and

an increased risk of urinarv

respon-

In a study

BPH had normal

levels

of zinc in the blood, which did not increase

when

of nineteen males, those with

tion

.

is

semen

zinc supplements were given. However, the

zinc levels increased.

tract infection (page 120)

and kidney

Most medical textbooks and doctors will advise surgery for

BPH

serious

obstruction. surgeries

mg

of zinc for two

months, which was then dropped to 50-100 mg. In

damage.

with

This group was given 150

is

enough

to cause

The prognosis

quite good.

men

for these

men (74%),

fourteen of the nineteen

shrunk

in size.

the prostate

Unfortunately, this study was never

published, and there

is

no other study using men

as

X

ray.

and endoscopy 2 Animal studies have confirmed

this

subjects.

This was

verified by rectal palpation.

finding but only using locally injected zinc. While the research supporting zinc

some doctors of

ommend

its

is

therefore very weak.

natural medicine nonetheless rec-

use."

Because zinc competes with copper for absorption,

when recommending

this

amount

of zinc most

nutritionally oriented doctors suggest also taking at least 2 or 3

mg of copper

page 151

.

Another group of researchers looked

amino

18

acid content

at

the

the building blocks of protein

Conditions

The group determined

of prostate fluid.

that the

fluid contained high amounts of three key amino

and glutamic

acids: glycine, alanine,

acid; a con-

men with BPH was then months, 66% of the patients

BPH.

Men

process.

with

BPH

done. After three

after consulting a doctor.

amino

this

50% had

reduced urinary urgency,

delay in

less

46% had less difficulty in mainand 43% had reduced frequency. No

starting urine flow,

taining flow,

were observed.

side effects

Beta-sitosterol

4

may

ben-

men with BPH. One double-blind study of 100 men showed that beta-sitosterol, taken either as 20

efit

mg

of

times per day or a

three

beta-sitosterol

placebo for six months, improved urine flow,

duced the

size of the prostate,

feelings of

and

improvement of BPH.

re-

led to subjective

BPH

become

the leading natural

has been shown to help keep symptoms in

larly,

17

Saw palmetto may inhibit 5-alpha-reductase, the enzyme that converts testosterone to its more active form, dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Saw palmetto also blocks prostate.

18

DHT

from binding

Studies have used 320

In a recent study, a

group of 305 patients with given 160

88%

success rate. 19

Since saw palmetto reduces levels of 5-alpha-re-

Toxicity

has not been reported with regard to

flaxseed.

Zinc intake

300

in excess of

mg

per day

6

function. Although the prelimcontradictory,

is

BPH was

of saw palmetto twice a day for three months;

the study reported an

or Interactions?

research

of the stan-

capsules, or tablets per day

mg

inary

mg

in the

dardized (85% liposterolic acids) herbal extract,

mild to moderate symptoms of

may impair immune

saw palmetto

treatment for BPH. This extract, when used regu-

5

Are There Any Side Effects

indefinitely.

should be done

fat-soluble extract of the

(page 306) berry has

check.

another nutrient that

is

nutritional support for

The

showed

mixture

acid

probably need to take

will

Any

with

an ongoing

is

one or a combination of these herbs

trolled study of forty-five

treated

BPH

Successful treatment of

patients

with

ductase, an additional benefit of this herb

duced

risk of developing prostate cancer.

may

be

re-

While no

have been done to show that reducing this en-

tests

zyme's activity will reduce prostate cancer

risk,

men

Alzheimer's disease should avoid zinc supplements

lower levels of this enzyme are detected in

until further studies clarify the role of zinc in this 78 disease.

countries with lower incidence of prostate cancer. 20

Zinc inhibits copper absorption, which can lead to

anemia and lower

("good" cholesterol). increased

more than Wilson's

zinc

if

of

levels

9 10

HDL

cholesterol

n Copper intake should be

supplementation continues for

few days (except for individuals with

a

disease).

Many

12

zinc

supplements,

to

An

from the bark of the African

extract

Pygeum africanum has proved

pygeum

for

use

also been used for

congesting properties that help with early-stage

BPH. 21

(standardized to

13%

contains three

173),

calcium

(page 182). will

A

16

(page

144),

li

and magnesium

multimineral (page 187) supplement

compounds

tosterols act as

Another herb

for

Urtica dioica.

The root

ume and maximum

Be

May

stage

is

Conditions

BPH.

22

It

a concentrated extract

nettle (page 293) plant

extract

may

increase the vol-

flow of urine in

men with

early-

has been successfully combined with

to be 120

mg

nettle root extract, capsules, or tablets twice per

day

BPH. An appropriate amount appears

In Europe, herbal supplements have

methods

ferulic esters

both saw palmetto and pygeum for treatment of

Helpful

the leading

BPH

made from the roots of the

Herbs That

that help the prostate:

help rid the prostate of any cholesterol deposits that

extended periods

of time.

Pygeum africanum

an anti-inflammatory;

accompany BPH.

for

pygeum

pentacyclic triterpenoids have a diuretic action; phy-

prevent mineral imbalances that can result

from taking high doses of zinc

of

sterols) herbal extract, cap-

formulation.

14

mg

Studies have used 50-100

sules, or tablets twice per day.

13

Italy,

(page 300) has anti-inflammatory and de-

prevent copper inhibition, include copper in the

Zinc competes for absorption with iron (page

tree

BPH. Ap-

Germany, France, and

in

in

for

managing

become one of early stages of

or a

2-4 ml tincture three times

daily.

19

:

:

There Any Sk*

5C"£

:

2' I:

-

:-

?

-

r

z

:•;

_ r:--

:

~

: :

"I

i

Z

1 ->t< -

"

-

-

'

7::

:--.;•:-

:

~z

C:-:: 2-5

Herbs That

Be

May

nausea. Turmeric

is

extremely

in large quantities as a

Helpful

However, persons with symptoms from

tions.

stones should avoid turmeric.

most practitioners of natural medicine

Long-term use of willow

would consider using anti-inflammatory herbs

that

have proven useful in conditions such as rheumatoid

These would include boswellia (page 238),

arthritis.

turmeric (page 314), white willow (page 318), and topical

cayenne

(page

246)

ointment.

Refer

rheumatoid

arthritis (page 115) for specific

mendations

for these herbs.

to

recom-

may cause some does

has been used

food with no adverse reac-

While there have been few studies on herbal therapy for bursitis,

safe. It

not advisable, as

ulcers.

As

safer than aspirin.

is

However, willow

who

is

the case with aspirin,

willow should not be used to lower fevers dren. People

it

of the same problems that aspirin

—primarily stomach

much

is

gall-

in chil-

are allergic to aspirin should avoid

white willow. Besides causing a mild burning for the applications

(or

severe

burning

if

first

few

accidentally

placed in sensitive areas, such as the eyes:, there are

Are There Any Side Effects

no

or Interactions?

thing applied to the skin,

Boswellia

Rare side

is

generally safe

effects

when used

as directed.

can include diarrhea, skin rash, and

side effects

from use of cayenne. As with any-

some people may have an

allergic reaction, so the first application

should be to

a verv small area of skin.

Checklist for Bursitis Nutritional

Supplements

Homeopathic Remedies

Herbs

Vitamin B12, Vitamin B3

Boswellia, Turmeric,

Rhus toxicodendron

White willow, Cayenne

graveolens 6c, Belladonna 6c

6c,

Ruta

CANKER SORES CANKER SORES,

or

mouth

Lifestyle Changes That May Be Helpful

ulcers, are small ulcerations within

Minor trauma from the mouth. Doctors call this

common

condition aphthous stomatitis.

ings,

poor-fitting dentures, rough

or braces can aggravate

mouth

ulcers

fill-

and

should be remedied by a dentist.

Dietary Changes That

May Be Food

Helpful

sensitivities or allergies

worse.

1

2 3

While

gies to play only a

Conditions

can make mouth ulcers

a double-blind study

minor

role,

4

found

aller-

people with recurrent

21

mouth ulcers should discuss the diagnosis and treatment of food sensitivities with a nutritionally oriented doctor. For some people, treating allergies may be a key component to restoring health.

by combining 200 of

warm

for

two

water.

It

mg of

DGL and 200 ml

powdered

can then be swished

to three minutes

and

in the

This can be

spit out.

continued each morning and evening for one week.

The

antiviral,

immune-enhancing, and wound-

healing properties of echinacea (page 255)

make

this

Many

herb a reasonable choice for mouth ulcers.

Nutrients That

May Be

mouth

people try 4 ml of liquid echinacea swished in the

Helpful

mouth

two

for

to three minutes, then swallowed.

This can be repeated three times per day. Tablets and Several reports have found a surprisingly high inci-

capsules containing echinacea

dence of iron (page 173) and B vitamin deficiency

among people with

mouth

recurrent

—300

plementing with B vitamins (page 211), 20

mg vitamin B2

vitamin B6 (page 214)

with

relief.

8

Thiamin

mg

5 6 7

Sup-

mg

risk.

9

recurrent

mouth

ing properties,

mouth

Many

to Lactobacillus acidophilus (page 135)

10

and

Lactobacillus bulgaricus. 11

Chewing four lactobacillus tablets three times per day may reduce soreness in some people with recurrent mouth ulcers. 12

mem-

soothing effect on mucous

chamomile (page 247) can be

ulcers

and other mouth

people with mouth ulcers

tried

irritations.

make

14

a strong tea

or tincture three to four times per day and then

swish ulcers re-

its

also be helpful.

branes (including the lining of the mouth) and heal-

for

provide some people

(Bl) deficiency specifically has

Some people with

Because of

vitamin Bl

(page 212), and 150

—can

been linked to an increased

spond

ulcers.

may

it

in the

Myrrh

mouth

before swallowing.

(page 292), another traditional remedy

with good wound-healing properties, has a long tory of use for

mouth and gum

tract or 4

mg

ml of myrrh tincture with

Are There Any Side Effects

to three times per day

or Interactions?

before swallowing.

Many

irritations.

people have tried mixing 200-300

his-

of herbal ex-

warm water two

and swishing

it

in the

mouth

Iron should not be supplemented unless a deficiency is

diagnosed with blood

tests.

Vitamins Bl and B2

are nontoxic, even in very high amounts. side effects with vitamin

of this vitamin can

and lactating

mg

B6 are

rare, very high levels

damage sensory

women

Although

nerves. Pregnant

should not take more than 100

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? Licorice products without the glycyrrhizin removed

may

increase blood pressure

and cause water

tion; deglycyrrhizinated licorice

(DGL)

reten-

extracts

do

per day of vitamin B6. There are no reported

not cause these side

effects.

side effects with even large intakes of acidophilus.

People should not take echinacea without consulting a physician

Herbs That

Be

they have an

autoimmune

ill-

ness, such as lupus, or other progressive diseases,

May

such as tuberculosis or multiple

Those who

sclerosis.

are allergic to flowers of the daisy family should take

Helpful

echinacea with caution.

Licorice (page 286) that has

removed

if

had the glycyrrhizic acid

Although

rare, allergic reactions to

chamomile

(DGL).

have been reported. These reactions have included

the portion of licorice root that

bronchial constriction with internal use and allergic

can increase blood pressure and cause water reten-

skin reactions with topical use. While such side ef-

is

called deglycyrrhizinated licorice

Glycyrrhizic acid

is

some people. The wound-healing and soothcomponents of the root remain in DGL.

uncommon, persons with

tion in

fects are

ing

gies to plants of the Asteraceae family (ragweed,

A

mixture of

the inside of the

DGL

and warm water, applied to

mouth, may shorten the healing

time for mouth ulcers. 13 This

22

DGL

mixture

is

made

asters,

extremely

aller-

and chrysanthemums) should avoid use of

chamomile.

Myrrh

is

not associated with any side

effects.

Conditions

Checklist for Canker Sores Nutritional

Iron,

Supplements

Herbs

Vitamin B-complex

(B1,B2,B6), Acidophilus

Homeopathic Remedies

Licorice (DGL), Echinacea,

Natrum muriaticum

Chamomile, Myrrh

Arsenicum album

6c,

6c,

Mercurius

sol 6c,

Rhus

toxicodendron 6c, Borax 6c

CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME IN

MANY

Nutrients That

CASES,

tunnel syndrome (CTS)

carpal

is

May Be

Helpful

thought to Vitamin B6 (page 214)

result

from long-term

tions of the

repetitive

hands and

mo-

wrists, such as

is

the most frequently used

and well-known nutritional treatment

for

CTS.

It

many people with CTS have vitamin B6 deficiencies. Some studies show that people with CTS are helped when given 100 mg of vitamin B6 appears that

1

from typing. Although tion ,

is

often a culprit,

repetitive

it

mo-

does not ex-

plain the frequent occurrence of

CTS

three times per day. 2

3

Although some researchers

have found benefits with lesser amounts, 4 sults

have not been consistent.

with non-motion-related conditions,

improve

such as pregnancy. Conventional

plementation.

in

two

to three

7 8 9

Often,

rest,

anti-inflammatory drugs, and, quently, surgery

sure

—which

fre-

relieves pres-

and eliminates the symptoms.

transformed

in the

the re-

CTS

body

B6 must be

to pyridoxal-5'-phosphate.

Some doctors of natural medicine suggest that ple who do not respond well to the vitamin B6 plements try 50

mg of

will

months with vitamin B6 sup-

In order to be effective, vitamin

treatment includes splinting,

5 6

peosup-

pyridoxal-5'-phosphate three

times per day.

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? Although side

effects

from vitamin B6 supplements

are rare, at very high levels this vitamin can

damage

sensory nerves, leading to numbness in the hands

and

feet as well as difficulty

walking. Vitamin B6

supplementation should be stopped

if

these symp-

toms develop. Pregnant and lactating

more than 100

Conditions

mg

women

should not take

of vitamin B6 per day. For other

23

,

adults, vitamin

200-500

B6

mg per day,

usually safe in

is

10

although occasional problems

have been reported in this range.

more than 100-200

amounts of

mg

11

Any

adult taking

of vitamin B6 per day for

more than

months should consult a doctor. from vitamin B6 become more common

a few

Side effects

when this

intake exceeds 2,000

supplement

level

mg per day; consequently,

should be avoided. 12

Checklist for Autism Nutritional

Supplements

Homeopathic Remedies

Herbs No herbs commonly used

Vitamin B6

Ruta graveolens 6c, Rhus

for

toxicodendron 6c

this condition

CATARACTS Nutrients That

CATARACTS damage

develop

when

May Be

Helpful

to the protein of the lens of People with low blood levels of antioxidants (page

the eyes clouds the lens

and impairs

and those who eat few antioxidant-rich vegetables are at high risk for cataracts. 4

vision.

5

fruits

and

The major

antioxidants in the lens of the eye are vitamin

Most people,

if

they

live

long

enough, will develop cataracts.

(page 217)

zyme).

1

7

6

those are

who smoke,

exposed to excessive sunlight.

8

entists call oxidative

what

sci-

damage. Ox-

needed to activate vitamin E

is

which

C

Vitamin

in

turn activates glutathione. for healthy vision.

10

and

is

oping cataracts.

11 12

to take vitamin

C

damage

to the lens of the eye

with vitamin

prevents

Healthy people are more

likely

and vitamin E supplements than

who supplement

C develop far fewer cataracts. 14 15

Vitamin E supplements also protect against

appears to cause cataracts in ani-

mals 2 and people. 3

C

linked to a lower risk of devel-

those with cataracts, 13 and people

idative

with age; 9

levels in the eye decrease

however, supplementing with vitamin this decrease

All of these factors create

C

Both nutrients are important

have diabetes, or

cataracts in animals 16

take 400 IU of vitamin

Some

and people. 17

E per day

Many

people

as prevention.

studies find that eating

more foods

rich in

beta-carotene (page 209) or supplementing with

amin still

A

(page 209) lowers the risk of cataracts.

18

vitIt is

not clear whether beta-carotene per se protects

the eye or

if

the beta-carotene

is

found

contain other protective factors. People of spinach, which

is

risk for cataracts.

in

foods that

who eat a

lot

high in lutein (page 179), a nu-

trient similar to beta-carotene,

24

C

and glutathione (an antioxidant en-

Vitamin

(page 220)

Cataracts are more likely to occur in

8)

appear to be

at

low

19

Conditions

Vitamin B2 (page 212) and vitamin B3 (page

excess of 1,000

mg per day.

Another form of vitamin

213) are needed to protect glutathione, an important

B3, called niacin or nicotinic acid, at doses as low as

antioxidant in the eye. Vitamin B2 deficiency

50-100

linked to cataracts.

20 21

vitamin B2 and 40

mg of

Older people taking 3 vitamin B3 per day

partly protected against cataracts.

The

by blocking sorbitol accumulation for those

mg of

may be

22

mg may cause flushing, headache,

and stom-

achache in some people. However, very high doses (above

1

gram) of

this

form of vitamin B3 can also

cause a variety of serious health problems.

flavonoid quercetin (page 201)

may be especially helpful

is

may

also help

in the eye.

23

This

with diabetes.

Herbs That

Be

May

Helpful

Are There Any Side Effects

Bilberry (page 234), a close relative of blueberry,

or Interactions?

high in the bioflavonoid (page 140) complex antho-

Some

individuals develop diarrhea after as

few thousand milligrams of vitamin

little

as a

C per day, while

others are not bothered by ten times this amount.

However, high

body of copper,

24

an

C

of vitamin

levels

can deplete the

essential nutrient.

It is

prudent

to ensure adequate copper intake at higher intakes

C

of vitamin

(copper

found

is

in

many

nicotinamide,

though rare

liver

retina

protect

both

the

from oxidative damage. This

bioflavonoid also helps with adaptation to bright light

The potent antiof anthocyanosides makes it useful

and improves night

oxidant activity

vision.

for reducing the risk of cataracts. 26

Many

people take 240-480

27

mg

per day of

bil-

berry extract, capsules, or tablets standardized to

of vitamin B3, called niacinamide or is

and the

lens

multivita-

min/mineral supplements).

One form

cyanosides. 25 Anthocyanosides

is

almost always safe to take,

problems have occurred

al-

at doses in

contain

25%

anthocyanosides.

In

amounts, there are no known side

recommended

effects

with

bil-

berry extract.

Checklist for Cataracts Nutritional

Supplements

Vitamin C, Vitamin Lutein,

B-Complex

E,

Vitamin A/Beta-Carotene,

Herbs

Homeopathic Remedies

Bilberry

No homeopathy commonly used

(B2, B3), Quercetin

for this condition

CHEMOTHERAPY SUPPORT CHEMOTHERAPY PORT,

Unfortunately, during the process of eliminating

SUP-

the systemic use of anti-

cancerous

many

cells,

healthy cells are also damaged, and

side effects

can develop. Several nutritional ap-

proaches show promise for alleviating side effects

cancer drugs, for

is

a

many cancers.

Conditions

common treatment

and/or increasing the effectiveness of chemotherapy treatment.

25

,

Malabsorption and Weight Loss may

working with

involve

trials

suggest similar effects,

including increased survival. 8 Nutritional support

chemotherapy patients should be discussed with

for

Chemotherapy often causes nausea, malabsorption, and weight loss. The best way to combat these problems

few human

patients, a

a nutritionally ori-

ented doctor or dietitian on an individual basis. multiple vitamin/mineral (page 187) can be a

A

a nutritionallv oriented doctor.

Nutrients and Specific

Chemotherapy Drugs

first

step in counteracting the decreased absorption of

Methotrexate, a chemotherapy drug, interferes with the metabolism of folic acid (page 163), a

nutrients caused by chemotherapy.

B vitamin.

Cancer patients taking methotrexate should not supplement

Nausea At

one

least

suggests that N-acetyl cysteine

NAC,

mg per day may

at 1,800

1

NAC

an amino acid-like supplement that pro-

duces antioxidant (page

Ginger (page

activity.

8)

267) can also be helpful in alleviating nausea and

vomiting caused by chemotherapy. 2

3

A

tablets, capsules,

available,

and

liquid herbal extracts

which can be taken

250

in

gists

acid

is

also

mg amounts

every two or three hours, for a total of

gram

1

supply leucovorin

—

body.

leucovorin

is

form of

special

a

methotrexate has done

after

The

—

its

in the

Adriamycin, also called doxorubicin, sometimes causes heart damage.

pear to reduce this

Q10

A

variety of antioxidants ap-

toxicity:

For example, coenzyme

(page 152) has been used successfully for this

purpose. 9 Nutritionally oriented doctors sometimes

recommend 90-120 mg of coenzyme Q10.

C

protects against Adri-

amycin-induced heart damage. 10 For

reason,

this

some nutritionally oriented doctors recommend several grams of vitamin C per day to people taking

Mouth Sores Chemotherapy often causes painful mouth

Adriamycin. sores, a

In test tubes, vitamin

condition called mucositis. Applying 400 IU of vita-

min E (page 220)

work

folic

used to protect against un-

In animals, vitamin

per day.

hance the

ability of

E has been found

Adriamycin to

kill

cancer

to encells.

Anecdotes have appeared suggesting that hair research. 4 This can be achieved by breaking a vita-

min E capsule and squeezing

it

onto the sores.

high amounts (1,600 IU per day

It

E

caused by Adriamycin.

body

active

when

ented doctors applied to

E

)

of vitamin E. 12 In

protects against heart

form

rather than tocopheryl forms of vitamin E, because

may not be

loss

caused by Adriamycin may be reduced by taking

animals, vitamin to use the d-alpha tocopherol

the tocopheryls

11

topically twice per day to the sores

can reduce the problem, according to double-blind

makes sense

in a

with their

necessary side effects caused by methotrexate.

reasonable

amount is 2-4 grams of the dried rhizome powder two to three times per day. Ginger in the form of

it

with the action of the drug. Sometimes oncolo-

fere

and vomiting caused by chemotherapy.

discussing

first

oncologist, because supplementation might inter-

reduce

nausea is

beyond the 400 meg found

multivitamin without

trial

(page 189), or

folic acid

13

recommend

damage

Many

nutritionally ori-

at least

800 IU of vitamin

to people taking Adriamycin.

surfaces.

Under

certain circumstances, vitamin

B2 (page

216), or riboflavin, can also have antioxidant activity.

Nutrients That

May

Help

In rats, supplementation with vitamin

Adriamycin-induced heart damage. 14

Chemotherapy Work

tect against

In animal

leads to depletion of

ents

and test-tube

—usually antioxidants such

209),

217)

5

7

vitamin E (page 220)

—have

therapy.

26

Cisplatin,

studies, individual nutri-

6

as vitamin

and vitamin

increased the effectiveness of

Although more research

is

needed

A C

(page

(page

chemo-

in

cancer

some

another chemotherapy drug, often

magnesium (page

reports, this depletion

of cases.

16

B2 helps pro-

happens

in a

182).

15

In

majority

People taking cisplatin should have their

magnesium

status checked by a nutritionally ori-

ented doctor,

who

will prescribe

magnesium supple-

Conditions

ments when appropriate. Glutathione significantly

should not take more than 100

mg

reduces the toxicity caused by cisplatin and im-

For other adults, vitamin B6

safe in

proves quality of

life

for these patients, but

be given intravenously by a doctor. 17

it

must

18

mg

200-500

is

of vitamin B6.

amounts of

per day, although occasional problems

have been reported in this range.

Fluorouracil sometimes causes problems on the skin of palms and soles. Reports have appeared

mg

showing that 100

per day of vitamin B6 (page

214) can sometimes eliminate the pain associated

with

this condition.

19 20

Herbs That

Be

May

Helpful

Using herbal adaptogens following chemotherapy

Are There Any Side Effects

can help the bone marrow

or Interactions?

white blood tion.

No

consistent adverse effects of

ported in humans.

amounts of

have been

re-

ful

small study found that daily

grams or more could lead to oxida-

damage. Extremely large amounts of cysteine,

tive

the

1.2

One

NAC

amino acid from which

NAC

is

may be

derived,

toxic to nerve cells in rats.

Vitamin E toxicity

widely considered to be

safe.

Women who

could become pregnant should take

IU per day of vitamin fects.

less

—

than 10,000

A to avoid the risk of birth de-

in rare cases

hair loss, fatigue,

Some

—cause headaches, dry

bone problems, and

liver

skin,

plete the

levels of

body of copper, an

C

per day,

vitamin

C

can de-

essential nutrient.

It is

prudent to ensure adequate copper intake at higher intakes of vitamin

C

following chemotherapy are astragalus (page

mg

233) (two to three 500

(copper

is

found

in

capsules three times per

day), eleuthero (Siberian ginseng) (page 257) (2-3

mg

grams per day of the dried root or 300-400

per

day of the concentrated solid extract standardized

232) (100-200 extract).

21 22 23

E),

and Asian ginseng (page

mg per day of the standardized herbal Astragalus

often used in combina-

is

tion with another Chinese herb, Ligustrum lucidum.

Other herbal adaptogens that may also prove helpful include maitake (page 288), shiitake (page 310), reishi (page 303),

and schisandra (page

307).

little

while others are not bothered by ten times this

amount. However, high

Three herbs that have proven particularly use-

damage.

individuals develop diarrhea after as

few thousand milligrams of vitamin

as a

are or

For other adults, intake above 25,000 IU per

day can

and help optimize immune func-

on eleutherosides B and very rare; supplements are

is

cells

production of

in the

many

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? Astragalus, eleuthero, and Asian ginseng are generally safe.

Astragalus has no

side effects

when

used as recommended.

may cause overinsomnia. Consuming

In rare instances, Asian ginseng

multi-

stimulation

vitamin/mineral supplements).

known

and possibly

Congestive heart failure patients taking coen-

caffeine with ginseng increases the risk of overstim-

zyme Q10 should not abruptly discontinue taking

ulation and gastrointestinal upset. Persons with un-

supplements without

controlled

Vitamin B2

is

first

consulting a physician.

nontoxic, even in very high amounts.

Taking too much magnesium can lead to diarrhea. This can happen at doses as low as 350-500 mg per day. People with kidney disease should not take

magnesium supplements without consulting

may cause menstrual abnormalities and breast tenderness in some women. Ginseng is not recommended for pregnant or lactating women. There have been no reports of any side

effects

with the use of maitake. Shiitake has an excellent

Although side

effects

rare, at very

damage sensory hands and

blood pressure should not use

ginseng. Long-term use of ginseng

a

physician.

ments are

high

from vitamin B6 supple-

high levels this vitamin can

nerves, leading to

feet as well as difficulty

numbness

in the

walking. Vitamin

B6 supplementation should be stopped if these symptoms develop. Pregnant and lactating women

Conditions

record of safety but has been

known

to induce tem-

porary diarrhea and abdominal bloating when used in

high dosages.

yet

Its

safety during

been established. Side

clude dizziness, dry

effects

mouth and

and abdominal upset; these

pregnancy has not

from

reishi

can

in-

throat, nose bleeds,

rare effects

may develop

27

with continuous use over three to six months. As

it

may increase bleeding time, reishi is not recommended for those taking anticoagulant (blood-thinning) medications. Pregnant

Checklist for

and lactating

women

should consult a physician before taking effects involving schisandra are

may

reishi. Side

uncommon,

but they

include abdominal upset, decreased appetite,

and skin

rash.

Chemotherapy Support Herbs

Homeopathic Remedies

Multiple vitamin/mineral,

Ginger, Astragalus, Eleuthero,

Gelsemium

6c, Ipecac 30c,

N-acetyl cysteine, Vitamin E,

Asian ginseng, Ligustrum lucidum,

Nux vomica

6c,

Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Folic acid,

Maitake, Shiitake, Reishi,

sulfuricum 30c

Coenzyme Q10, Vitamin B2

Schisandra

Nutritional

(riboflavin),

Supplements

Cadmium

Magnesium,

Vitamin B6

COMMON COLD/SORE THROAT Dietary Changes That THE

COMMON COLD

is

an

acute (short-term) viral infection of

May Be

Helpful

Sugar has been found to interfere with immune functioning, 1 so

it

makes sense

to avoid excess sweets.

the upper respiratory tract, often

causing runny nose, sore throat,

Nutrients That

and malaise. Colds can be spread through the air,

such as

when

a person sneezes,

or by contact with contaminated

May Be A

Helpful

review of twenty-one placebo-controlled studies

using 1-8 grams of vitamin

C

(page 217) found that

"In each of the twenty-one studies, vitamin

objects.

duced the duration of episodes and the

C

re-

severity of

symptoms of the common cold by an average of 2 3 4 %." 23 The optimum amount of vitamin C to take for cold treatment is debatable, but 1-3 grams the

per day

is

commonly

used.

Zinc (page 224) gluconate lozenges are helpful for cold sufferers. 5

6

A

few reports claim that zinc

ineffective, but these trials

active

forms of

zinc.

7

have been found to use

28

in-

Successful research uses zinc

gluconate lozenges containing 15-25 lozenge.

is

They can be used

mg of

zinc per

at the first sign of a cold;

Conditions

up

to ten lozenges per day can be taken for several

days during the cold. Long-term zinc supplementa-

grams three times per

mg

per day, and must include copper (page 151) to

Herbs high

Using goldenseal powder

may soothe

as a tea or tincture

tion in healthy individuals should be lower, about 15

day.

in mucilage,

a sore throat.

such as slippery elm

(page 311) and marshmallow root (page 289), are often helpful for symptomatic relief of coughs and

avoid a copper deficiency.

irritated throats.

Are There Any Side Effects

Herbal supplements can play a

or Interactions? Some

attempts to strengthen the

individuals develop diarrhea after as

few thousand milligrams of vitamin

little

as a

C per day, while

others are not bothered by ten times this amount.

However, high

levels of

body of copper,

8 9

vitamin

C

can deplete the

an essential nutrient.

It is

prudent

to ensure adequate copper intake at higher intakes

of vitamin

C

(copper

is

found

in

many

multiple vita-

zinc.

Zinc intake

impair

immune

in excess of

function.

(Siberian ginseng) (page 257), Asian ginseng (page

and schisandra (page

232), astragalus (page 233), 307), can help keep various

ing the

immune system

tragalus

—functioning

—

function. Schisandra

may

immune

also be helpful for coughs.

10

300

mg

it

comes

may

per day

Some people

to

report that

(page 280) has antibiotic properties, which

count for

its

taste.

remedy

herb's historical use as a

Herbs That

Be

May

tract, particularly in cases

tem

Helpful sys-

and reduces the incidence of colds when taken doubles as a useful treatment for a

as a preventive.

It

cold, because

12 helps speed the healing process.

it

As an immune system stimulant, echinacea best taken for a specific period of time.

of a cold,

and continued vent a cold,

it

for ten to fourteen days.

A

"rest" period

since echinacea's effects tinuously.

nacea

At the onset

To help

pre-

can be taken three times per day for six

to eight weeks.

Many

is

recommended,

may diminish

people take up to 900

in tablet or capsule

if

used con-

mg

of echi-

form, or 4 ml three times

In traditional herbal medicine, goldenseal (page is

often taken with echinacea.

loids in the root (berberine

Two

alka-

and canadensis) have an

antimicrobial and mild immune-stimulating effect.

Goldenseal soothes irritated mucous membranes the throat, 14

making

it

13

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? People should not take echinacea without consulting a physician

useful for those experiencing

if

they have an

autoimmune

illness,

such as lupus, or other progressive diseases, such as tuberculosis or multiple sclerosis.

Those who

lergic to flowers of the daisy family

nacea

with is

Taken

caution.

gastrointestinal distress effects.

as

Goldenseal

is

are al-

should take echi-

recommended,

generally safe. However, as with

kaloid-containing plants,

all al-

high amounts may lead

to

and possible nervous system

not recommended for preg-

nant or lactating women. Slippery elm

in

a sore throat with their cold.

effects.

is

quite safe, with no

Marshmallow

is

Used

as

known

allergic reactions.

recommended, Asian ginseng

is

gener-

may cause overstimulainsomnia. Consuming caffeine

periods of time. Goldenseal root extract, capsules,

ally safe. In rare instances,

or tablets are typically taken in amounts of 4-6

tion

and possibly

side

also very safe. There have

been extremely rare reports of

Goldenseal root should only be used for short

Conditions

of irritating coughs with

The resin of the herb myrrh (page 292) has been shown to kill various microbes and to stimulate macrophages (a type of white blood cell). Red raspberry (page 302) may also help relieve some of the symptoms of the common cold, such as sore throat.

goldenseal

per day of the liquid extract.

270) root

for the respiratory

is

can be taken three to four times per day

it

for this

bronchial congestion.

Echinacea (page 255) stimulates the immune 11

ac-

Mullein (page 291) has expectorant

and demulcent properties, which accounts

bad

may

easing of throat and upper respiratory

mouth

a

re-

search to inhibit the influenza virus. Horseradish

zinc lozenges lead to mild problems, such as nausea,

and

includ-

optimally. As-

regarded for boosting

well

is

body systems

tract infections.

irritation,

fight

Elderberry (page 256) has been shown in

not necessarily better when

is

immune system and

Adaptogens, which include eleuthero

infections.

min/mineral supplements).

More

role in long-term

it

29

with ginseng increases the risk of overstimulation

should avoid products that have been adulterated

and gastrointestinal upset. Persons with uncon-

with Panax ginseng or other related species that are

blood pressure should not use ginseng.

trolled high

contraindicated.

normalities and breast tenderness in

Ginseng ing

is

some women.

not recommended for pregnant or lactat-

known

Astragalus and elderberry have no

Long-term use of ginseng may cause menstrual ab-

effects

when used

as

recommended. Side

volving schisandra are

uncommon

but

effects in-

may

include

abdominal upset, decreased appetite, and skin

women.

side

rash.

have been minimal with

Very large amounts of horseradish can cause vomit-

use of eleuthero. Mild, transient diarrhea has been

ing or excessive sweating. Horseradish should be

number of users. Eleuthero may cause insomnia in some people if taken too close to bedtime. Eleuthero is not recommended for

avoided by patients with hypothyroidism. Mullein

tions to

individuals with uncontrolled high blood pressure.

for rare reports of skin irritation.

Reported side

effects

reported in a very small

It

can be used during pregnancy or lactation. pregnant or lactating

ever,

Checklist for Nutritional Vitamin

C,

women

Common

How-

using eleuthero

generally safe, its

is

and there are no known contraindica-

use during pregnancy or lactation, except

Myrrh

ciated with any side effects. Raspberry

is

not asso-

may

cause

mild loosening of stools and nausea.

Cold/Sore Throat

Supplements

Zinc

Herbs

Homeopathic Remedies

Echinacea, Goldenseal, Slippery

Aconite 30c,

elm,

Marshmallow

Kali

bichromicum

Rhus toxicodendron

root,

Eleuthero, Asian ginseng,

Natrum muriaticum

Astragalus, Schisandra,

Euphrasia 6c

6c,

6c. 6c,

Elderberry, Horseradish, Mullein,

Myrrh, Red raspberry

CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

(CHF)

is

condition that results

muscle

is

unable to

as quickly as

is

Hypertension (page 67), or high blood pressure, can cause congestive heart failure.

a chronic

when

pump

needed.

breathlessness, fatigue,

It

the heart

Cautions About

blood

Exercise

leads to

Too much exercise can be life-threatening for those with CHF. How much is "too much" varies from person to person. Therefore, any exercise program

and accumu-

lation of fluid in the lungs or the veins

(primarily in the legs), or both.

undertaken by someone with

CHF

requires profes-

sional supervision. Nevertheless, even with severe disease, appropriate exercise can benefit those with

CHF.

30

1

Conditions

Nutrients That

of CHF. 12

May Be

ing arginine.

As

many

heart conditions, coenzyme

helps

people with

true for

is

(page

152)

Helpful CHF 2 — an Many

proven in double-blinded research. 3

mg

take 30

three times per day.

months

take several ple with

taking

to

show

Q10

effect

people

Coenzyme Q10 may

beneficial results. Peo-

CHF taking coenzyme Q10 should not stop suddenly.

it

CHF. Those with

Sudden withdrawal may exacer-

CHF

have insufficient oxygenation

damage

of the heart, which can

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? Carnitine has not been consistently linked with any

(page 146) supplements.

made from

the heart muscle.

Carnitine

should not be taken by anyone taking "sparing" uretic drugs. Excessive

take 500

is

a natural sub-

tor.

High potassium intake can produce stomach

irritation.

Taurine has not been consistently linked with

any

toxicity. Individuals

5

mg

many

Therefore,

recommend

nutri-

that those

eral.

CHF

are often given drugs

magnesium and potassium (page

important to protect against the arrhyth-

Many

nutritionally oriented doctors suggest

magnesium supplements of 300 mg per day. Whole fruit and fruit and vegetable juice, all of which are high in potassium, are also recommended by

some doctors; however,

dietary

this

cause several drugs given to those with tually cause retention of potassium,

change

CHF can

ac-

making dietary

dangerous.

fruit,

Taurine (page 206), an amino acid, helps the heart pump. Research repeatedly shows that taurine helps those with

CHF.

8 9 10

n Most

nutritionally ori-

ented doctors suggest 6 grams per day.

The body needs amino acid, to make blood

flow.

arginine (page 137), another

not take arginine, because

it

can stimulate the virus.

Herbs That

Be

is

May

Helpful

Studies have

from the

shown

leaves

that standardized extracts

made

and flowers of hawthorn (page 276),

Crataegus oxyacantha, are effective in the support of early-stage congestive heart failure. extracts help early-stage

CHF

14

13

Hawthorn

by increasing blood

flow to the heart, increasing the strength of heart contractions,

reducing

the extremities, 151617 (page8).

in

resistance

and acting

as

to

blood

flow

an antioxidant

People often use hawthorn extract in capsules or tablets standardized to either total flavonoid content

(usually

2.2%) or oligomeric procyanidins (usually

18.75%).

day or

Many

people take 80-300

a tincture in the

mg

amount of 4-5 ml

twice per

three times

Hawthorn berry products that are not standardized are weaker, and the recommended amount daily.

is

approximately 4-6 grams per

Those with early-stage

day.

CHF

might consider

which increases

other herbs that help improve circulation. Ginkgo

impaired in those with

biloba (page 268) and garlic (page 265) herbal ex-

nitric oxide,

This process

CHF. Arginine has been used experimentally in amounts of 5.6-12.6 grams per day in the treatment

Conditions

disease

herpes (either cold sores or genital herpes) should

should be discussed with a health care provider, be-

potassium, even from

liver

of carnitine two to three

mias* which could result from a lack of either min7

with kidney or

before supplementing with arginine. Individuals with

rhythmias. 6 Those with

It is

a doc-

186). Levels of carnitine are

Magnesium (page 182) deficiency frequently occurs with CHF, leading to heart arrhythmias. Magnesium supplements reduce the risk of these arthat deplete both

di-

intake can cause

diarrhea. People with kidney disease should not take

times per day.

197).

magnesium

should consult their nutritionally oriented doctors

oriented doctors

CHF

magnesium

and

Potassium

acids lysine (page 181)

people with CHF.

tionally

with

4

amino

the

and methionine (page in

symptoms.

toxicity

Such damage may be reduced by taking carnitine

low

doctor should be consulted before tak-

magnesium supplements without consulting

bate

stance

A

tracts in capsules, tablets, or tinctures are

two

possi-

ble choices.

31

Checklist for Congestive Heart Failure Nutritional

Supplements

Coenzyme Q10,

Carnitine,

Homeopathic Remedies

Herbs

Magnesium,

Potassium, Taurine, Arginine

Hawthorn, Ginkgo biloba,

No homeopathy commonly used

Garlic

for this condition

CONSTIPATION Dietary Changes That CONSTIPATION

results

when

food moves too slowly through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

May Be

Helpful

Insoluble fiber (page 159) acts like a sponge.

Adding

water to the "sponge" makes

to

through the GI

it

soft

tract. Insoluble fiber

brown

etables, beans,

rice,

and easy

push

comes from

whole wheat,

rye,

veg-

and

other whole grains. Switching from white bread

and white

whole grain and brown

rice to

help relieve constipation. lots of fluid

sponge"

now

is

in the

may

important to drink

It is

along with the fiber

of water per serving of

rice

fiber.

—

at least 16

ounces

Otherwise, a "dry

system, which can worsen the

constipation. In addition, flaxseed or to the diet.

Some

recommend

15

wheat bran can be added

doctors of natural medicine also

ml per day of flaxseed

to help relieve constipation.

stipation but

amounts

is

not by

(page 162)

Wheat bran

helps con-

itself a cure,

1

although higher 2

Psyllium

allergies in children or a lack of

stomach

are sometimes

(page 299) seeds

Food

oil

may

acid or pancreatic stipation worse.

more

also help.

enzymes

If

successful. 3

in adults

may make con-

other approaches do not help,

these possibilities can be discussed with a nutritionally oriented physician.

Lifestyle Changes That May Be Helpful Exercise

may

increase the muscular contractions of

the intestine, which sometimes helps tents through the body.

exercise

32

4

move

the con-

Nonetheless, the effect of

on constipation remains

controversial. 5

Conditions

Nutrients That

May Be

The unprocessed sess a

Helpful

effect.

The

bitter

compounds

in

dandelion (page 251) leaves and root are also mild

Chlorophyll (page 148), the substance responsible for the green color in plants,

mild laxative

roots of fo-ti (page 264) pos-

many

useful for

is

gas-

trointestinal problems, including constipation.

laxatives.

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions?

Are There Any Side Effects

These natural stimulant laxatives are

or Interactions?

use; they are rarely

No

unless in

been reported with the use of

side effects have

They are not typically recommended for pregnant and lactating women (senna is an exception). Those

May

Herbs That

with inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn's disease (page 34) or ulcerative colitis, should not use

Helpful

laxatives.

The most come from

worldwide

Side effects from psyllium (such as allergic skin

Herbal laxatives are either bulk-

and respiratory reactions to psyllium dust) have

frequently plants.

sold

laxatives

forming or stimulating.

largely been limited to workers in psyllium

Bulk-forming laxatives come from plants with a high fiber and mucilage content that expand they

recommended for long-term use, very low amounts for chronic constipation.

Overuse can lead to dehydration and dependency.

chlorophyll.

Be

for short-term

come

facturing plants.

when

into contact with water; examples include

manu-

Senna can cause the colon to become dependent

on

it

to

move

properly. Therefore, senna

must not be

psyllium, flaxseed, and fenugreek (page 262). As the

used for more than ten consecutive days. Chronic

volume

senna use

in the

bowel increases, a

reflex contraction

is

(for

more than

ten days) can also cause

stimulated. These mild laxatives are best suited for

loss of fluids,

long-term treatment of constipation.

of which can lead to dehydration and negative

Many

nutritional doctors

recommend

7.5

grams

of psyllium seeds or 5 grams of psyllium husks,

levels,

fects

on the heart and muscles.

tive

preparations,

if

used

and diarrhea,

all

ef-

Similarly, aloe laxa-

for

more than ten

day.

consecutive days, can aggravate constipation and

doctors use a combination of senna (18%)

cause dependency. Those with an intestinal obstruc-

mixed with water or

Some

one to two times per

low potassium

juice,

and psyllium (82%)

for the treatment of chronic

constipation. This has been ple in nursing

homes.

shown

work

to

for peo-

6

Stimulant laxatives are high

in

anthraquinones,

which stimulate bowel muscle contraction. The

most frequently used stimulant

is

the

employ cascara.

may cause mild diarrhea. Some people who are sensitive to fo-ti may develop a skin rash, and very high doses may cause numbness in the arms or Fo-ti

legs.

Dandelion

leaf

and root should be used with

caution by persons with gallstones.

If

there

is

an ob-

While senna

struction of the bile ducts, then dandelion should be

most popular, cascara (page 243)

avoided altogether. In cases of stomach ulcer or gas-

leaves, cascara bark,

(page 309)

laxatives are senna

tion should not

and aloe

latex.

has a somewhat milder action. Aloe (page 231)

is

tritis,

dandelion should be used cautiously, as

it

may

cause overproduction of stomach acid.

very potent and should be used with caution.

Checklist for Constipation Nutritional

Fiber,

Supplements

Flaxseed

Chlorophyll

Conditions

oil,

Herbs

Homeopathic Remedies

Psyllium, Flaxseed, Fenugreek, Senna,

Nux vomica

Cascara, Aloe,

Fo-ti,

Dandelion

6c, Sepia 30c,

Sulfur 6c

33

-

;

n n

UN'S DISEASE Dietary Changes That

CROHN'S DISEASE

ls

poorly understood inflammato: that affects :he final part

May Be

People with Crohn's others.

1

While

tine are

of the small nir

e

and the begin

on of the colon.

It

often

Helpful

still

eliminating

details of

more sugar than

.at

dis

how

sugar injures the intes-

being uncovered,

many

doctors sugg

sugar (including soft drinks and

all

processed foods with added sugar from the diets of those with Crohr

causes bloodv stools and mal-

A

i

d problems.

than

high animal protein and high fat diet

has also been linked to Crohn's

fish

with

many

other health conditions,

beneficial to eat less fruits

meat and

dairy- fat

other

d:

it

may

be

and more

and vegetab

^X~hen those with Crohn's disease avoid foods

they are allergic to, they fare

much

better.

One

study

reported that people with Crohn's are most likely to

and

react to cereals, dairy;

and some

are both high in histamine,

da:

which

is

part of the allergenic response. Those with Crohn's lack the ability to break

rate/

It

down

histamine at a normal

would probably be helpful to

tial allergies

identify poten-

and avoid those foods with the help of

a

nutritionallv oriented doctor.

Lifestyle Changes That May Be Helpful People with Crohn's di?

smoke, and there

smoke aggravates

is

re

more

like/

I

evidence that continuing to

disease progression.-'

Nutrients That

May Be

Helpful

Crohn's disease often leads to malabsorption. For this reason,

it

may be

helpful to take a high potency

multiple vitamin/mineral page 18~ supplement. In

people with Crohn's tend to be deficient

cular, in zinc

page 11-

page 216

34

,

.

folic acid

and iron

page 163

page 173

."

.

vitamin B12

Zinc, folic acid.

Conditions

and vitamin B12 are needed to repair

damaged by Crohn's

mg

mend 25-50

of copper), 800

Some

disease.

intestinal cells

doctors recom-

folic acid,

and 800 meg of

vi-

tamin B12. Iron status should be evaluated by a oriented

nutritionally

doctor before

considering

supplementation.

A

Vitamin

and repair of intestine.

7

is

cells that line

Over the

needed

8 9

years, reports of those with

A

A

recommend

oriented

doctors

dose

high should never be

woman who is

Vitamin in Crohn's,

D

10

this

or could

it

which can lead to a

D

common

is

deficiency.

11

Suc-

for osteomalacia

(bone brittleness caused by vitamin

D

deficiency)

A nutritionally oriented doctor can evaluate vitamin D status and suggest the right level of vitamin D sup-

triggered by Crohn's disease has been reported. 12

Crohn's disease

is

considered one of the two

major forms of inflammatory bowel disease. EPA the

omega-3

fatty acids

(page 160), have anti-inflammatory

found

mg

per day

loss,

and

kidney stones. Patients with sarcoidosis or hyperparathyroidism should not take vitamin

D

without

may reduce

EPA and

Side effects from

DHA

include nose

bleeds (because of reduced blood clotting), gastrointestinal upset,

and "fishy" burps.

May

Herbs That

Be

Helpful

A

combination of herbs has been used to help

soothe inflammation throughout the digestive

tract.

The formula contains marshmallow root (page

289),

slippery elm

(page 311), wild indigo, goldenseal

(page 270), echinacea (page 255), and cranesbill.

Marshmallow and

slippery elm are mucilaginous

plants that help soothe inflamed tissues. Wild indigo

and goldenseal help

is

inhibit

growth of abnormal gut

and also have astringent

effects.

Cranesbill

another astringent. Echinacea promotes normal

immune

function.

in fish oil

Supple-

activity.

menting with a combination of EPA and 2,700

damage.

intake can cause several

symptoms, including headaches, weight

bacteria

plements.

DHA,

D

liver

be

become pregnant.

(page 219) malabsorption

cessful treatment with vitamin

and

bone problems, and

skin,

have appeared in

taken without qualified guidance, nor should given to a

—cause headaches, dry

Excessive vitamin

growth

For adults with Crohn's disease,

nutritionally

50,000 IU per day.

for the

both the small and large

Crohn's responding to vitamin

some

in rare cases

consulting a physician.

(page 209)

medical journals.

—

hair loss, fatigue,

mg

of zinc (balanced with 2-4

meg of

day can

DHA

at

the recurrence rate of

Crohn's.

13

form of

EPA/DHA may lead to better results.

Using an enteric-coated, "free fatty acid"

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? Goldenseal should not be used during pregnancy or lactation. Echinacea

taken

orally.

People

is

essentially non-toxic

should

without consulting a physician

not take if

when

echinacea

they have an auto-

Are There Any Side Effects

immune

or Interactions?

diseases, such as tuberculosis or multiple sclerosis.

Women who

are or could

become pregnant should

illness,

Those who

such as lupus, or other progressive

are allergic to flowers of the daisy family

not take more than 10,000 IU (3,000 meg) per day of

should take echinacea with caution. There are no

vitamin A, to avoid the risk of birth defects. For

known

other adults, intake above 25,000 IU (7,500 meg) per

during pregnancy or lactation.

contraindications to the use of echinacea

Checklist for Crohn's Disease Nutritional

Supplements

Multiple vitamin/mineral (zinc, folic acid,

B12, iron), Vitamin A,

Vitamin D, Fish

Conditions

oil

(EPA/DHA), Zinc

Homeopathic Remedies

Herbs Marshmallow

root, Slippery

elm. Wild indigo. Goldenseal,

No homeopathy commonly used for this condition

Echinacea, Cranesbill

35

DEPRESSION When

DEPRESSION,

events,

characterized

sion

who can be a response to

events,

stressful

hormonal imbalances,

bio-

suffer

not a function of external

Endogenous depres-

due to biochemical abnormalities.

often

is

is

called endogenous.

it is

and herbs may be used with people

Lifestyle changes

by unhappy feelings of hopelessness,

depression

from depression with

a variety of causes,

but dietary and nutrient interventions are usually

endogenous depression.

best geared to

chemical abnormalities, or other causes.

Mild depression that passes

quickly

may not

sis

require any diagno-

or treatment. However,

Dietary Changes That

May Be

Although some of the research has produced mixed

when

results,

depression becomes recurrent, constant, or severe,

it

should be diag-

1

double-blind studies have shown

cluding depression. 2

3

symptoms,

in-

Individuals with depression

not respond to other natural or conventional

approaches should consult a nutritionally oriented

psychologist, or psychiatrist. Diag-

may be crucial

several

that food allergies can trigger mental

who do nosed by a licensed counselor,

nosis

Helpful

doctor ro diagnose possible food

sensitivities

and

avoid offending foods.

to determining Restricting sugar

appropriate treatment. For example, depression caused by low thyroid

pression

may

fect results

elevate

in

people with de-

How much

of this

ef-

unknown. People with depression

caffeine remains

may want to

with prescription thyroid medica-

see

quires prescription antidepressants.

mood.

4

from the sugar and how much from the

function can be successfully treated

tion. Suicidal depression often re-

and caffeine

avoid sugar and caffeine for one week to

what happens.

Lifestyle Changes That May Be Helpful

Persistent mild-to-moderate depresExercise increases the body's production of endor-

sion triggered by stressful events

is

often best treated with counseling

and not necessarily with any

sort.

phins

—chemical substances

sion. Scientific research

can positively pills

of

As

little

affect

as three

that can relieve depres-

shows that routine exercise

mood and help

with depression. s

hours per week of aerobic exercises

can profoundly reduce the

level

of depression. 6

Nutrients That

May Be

Helpful

Oral contraceptives can deplete the body of vitamin

B6 ipage 214

36

1,

a nutrient

needed for maintenance of

Conditions

normal mental functioning. Double-blind research

women who

shows that

are depressed

and who have

become depleted of vitamin B6 while taking

oral

have lower levels of tyrosine, and some

tives

re-

searchers think this might be related to depression

caused by the

pill.

17

Tyrosine metabolism

may be ab-

depressed people as well, 18 and pre-

contraceptives typically respond to vitamin B6 sup-

normal

plementation. 7 In one

liminary research suggests supplementation might

were taken twice per that people

who

trial,

day.

B6

Some

are depressed

ing the oral contraceptive deficient than people

—

mg

20

evidence suggests

—even when not

are

who

of vitamin B6

still

more

tak-

likely to

are not depressed.

be

8

B6

supplementation helps alleviate depression associ-

PMS, although

9

10

Many nutritionally oriented doctors suggest that women who have depression associated with PMS take 100-300 mg of vitamin B6 per day. mood and that

is

is

known

—

can exacerbate depression

a

ommend tation

Several nutritionally oriented doctors reca twelve-week trial of tyrosine

people

for

who

pounds of body weight for

are

ported that L-phenylalanine improved

problem

nine and (or the

amino

mentation. ciency

Depression caused by vitamin B12 occur

can

B12 supple-

absence

the

in

defi-

22

Some

Diagnosis of deficiency requires a doctor knowledgeable in the

field

will

23 are helpful.

from the amino acid

ural substance derived

300

mg of

tenance supplementation (1,000

B12

deficiency.

meg

per day)

is

B vitamin folic acid (page mood. A large percentage of

deficiency of the

folic acid levels.

14

Folic

acid supplements appear to improve the effects of

lithium in treating manic-depressives.

15

Depressed

In a controlled trial, older

PS had significantly

less

of depression in the PS group was less

than the

level

Niacinamide,

a

form of vitamin B3

shown some

depression.

hormone available over-the-counter in health food stores, may help some people with depression according to preliminary research. 26 People should not

DHEA

to treat depression without the supervi-

for

possible folic acid deficiency by a nutritionally ori-

ented doctor. Those with abnormally low levels of

An amino

given short-term, high

meg per day).

acid called tyrosine (page 207) can

convert into norepinephrine that affects

Conditions

mood.

Women

—

a

(page

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA, page 155), a

sion of a nutritionally oriented doctor.

folic acid (10,000

level

success in the alleviation of

suffering

from chronic depression should be evaluated

given

25

16 of a modified form of folic acid.

Anyone

women

achieved with placebo.

take

amounts of

serine. It

more than 60%

amounts

acid are sometimes

a nat-

depression com-

alcoholics report feeling better with large

folic

is

pared with placebo. 24 After forty-five days, the

213), has

often possible.

depressed people have low

with 3-4 grams

Phosphatidylserine (page 196), or PS,

mood.

However, once a B12 deficiency

163) can also disturb

trial

—75-200 mg per day—

fect

has been successfully treated by injection, oral main-

A

amounts

13

Providing high amounts of vitamin B12 can only be injection.

doctors of natural

although some research finds that even very low

improve with vitamin B12

injections even in the absence of a

done by

effective in the

affects neurotransmitter levels in the brain that af-

of nutrition.

Sometimes mood

DLPA

per day of phenylalanine for people with depression,

anemia. 12

of

acid L-phenylala-

D- or L-form alone) may be

medicine suggest a one-month

that respond to

mood for DLPA is

mirror image D-phenylalanine.

its

tionally oriented doctor.

mood

re-

thirty-one out of forty depressed people. 21

treatment of depression.

11

2.2

another amino

is

cluding phenylethylamine). Preliminary research

ciency can be diagnosed and treated by any nutri-

disturbances in

— 100 mg per

acid that converts to mood-affecting substances (in-

a mixture of the essential

Deficiency of vitamin B12 (page 216) can create

Published

about 7 grams per day

L-phenylalanine (page 194)

to affect

easy to fix with iron supplements. Iron defi-

depressed.

amount

(or

supplemen-

an average adult).

or

the research remains inconsistent.

Iron (page 173) deficiency

19 20

research has used a high

Several studies also indicate that vitamin

ated with premenstrual syndrome (page 109) ,

help.

in other

neurotransmitter

taking oral contracep-

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? Large amounts of vitamin B6 can cause side effects

and should be used with caution or under the guidance of a nutritionally oriented physician. People

who

have not been diagnosed with iron deficiency

37

should not supplement iron for

more

on iron

meg

or more of

folic acid

important to be assessed by a nutrition-

it's

doctor for possible vitamin B12 defi-

ally oriented

who

ciency. People

amounts of

standardized to contain 0.2% hypericin would quire a daily intake of 500

details).

Before taking 1,000

per day,

(see the section

B12

are

and take

deficient

large

can run into potentially

folic acid

seri-

ous problems. Although the amounts of tyrosine

mg

(usually given in

re-

two

Many European studies use higher mg daily (supplying 2.7 mg of hyper-

divided dosages). intakes of 900 icin).

As an antidepressant,

St.

John's wort should

be monitored for four to six weeks to check effec-

wort should be taken

tiveness. If possible, St. John's

near mealtime.

used for depression have not been clearly linked to

Ginkgo (page 268) and damiana (page 250) may

prudent to be monitored by

also be supportive in the alleviation of depression.

humans,

toxicity in

it is

who works with amino acid The maximum amount of DLPA

a doctor

alanine that

safe

is

DLPA; DLPA has

Yohimbe (page

or L-phenyl-

(MAO) and therefore may

unknown, but nerve damage

is

has not been reported with 1,500 of

supplements.

mg per day

occasionally caused mild side

headaches, in smaller amounts. There are no side

namide liver 1

with

associated

fects

is

phosphatidylserine.

ef-

Niaci-

almost always safe to take, although rare

problems have occurred

at doses in excess of

mg per day.

,000

DHEA

is

ous concerns about section

on

mation on

DHEA its

disorders.

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? St.

John's wort makes the skin

Persons with

its

seri-

inappropriate use. See the

(pages 155-156) for

more

infor-

fair

more

light-sensitive.

skin should avoid exposure to

strong sunlight and other sources of ultraviolet light,

such as tanning beds. foods

hormone, and as such there are

a

be of benefit in depressive

or less

such as nausea, heartburn, and transient

effects,

monoamine oxidase

323) inhibits

It

is

also advisable to avoid

wine, cheese, yeast, and pickled her-

like red

wort should not be used

ring. St. John's

time as prescription antidepressants.

St.

at the

same

John's wort

should not be used during pregnancy or lactation.

Ginkgo

side effects.

is

essentially devoid of

Mild headaches

effects.

any serious side

lasting for a day or

two and

mild upset stomach have been reported in a very

Herbs That

Be St.

May

small percentage of people using ginkgo. There are

no known contraindications

Helpful

pregnant and lactating women. Higher doses of

John's wort (page 312) extracts are

leading medicines used in

Germany

among

the

for the treat-

ment of mild to moderate depression. Using John's wort extract can significantly

ability to carry

Symptoms such

in

out their daily routine.

and poor sleep also decrease.

study documented that

St.

John's wort

27 28

is

as

effective as the prescription antidepressant imipra-

mine

for treating depression.

29

Best of

all,

damiana may induce leaves have a

pronounced

compared

The more

a mild sense of euphoria.

minor laxative

effect,

at higher intakes,

which

is

and may cause

loos-

ening of stools. Patients with kidney disease or peptic ulcer

St.

as sadness, hopelessness, worthless-

ness, exhaustion,

One

St.

the

relieve

symptoms of depression. Patients receiving John's wort show a remarkable improvement

mood and

to the use of ginkgo by

pregnant or lactating

women

should not use yo-

himbe. Standard doses may sometimes cause ness, nausea, insomnia, or anxiety.

40

mg

and

dizzi-

Using more than

of yohimbe per day can cause dangerous side

effects,

including loss of muscle function,

vertigo.

nations

Some people when taking

chills,

and

will also experience halluci-

higher amounts of yohimbe.

to prescription antidepressants, side effects with St.

Foods with high amounts of tyramine (such as

John's wort are rare.

cheese, red wine,

In

modern herbal medicine,

John's wort taken

the

amount of

St.

a person

is

and

liver)

should not be eaten while

taking yohimbe, as

it

may cause

severe hy-

on hypericin

pertension and other problems. Similarly, yohimbe

concentration in the extract, which should be ap-

should only be combined with other antidepressant

proximately

38

1

mg

is

typically based

per day. For example, an extract

drugs under the close supervision of a physician.

Conditions

Checklist for Depression Supplements

Nutritional

Herbs

Homeopathic Remedies No homeopathy commonly used

John's wort, Ginkgo biloba,

Vitamin B6, Iron, Vitamin B12,

St.

Folic acid, Tyrosine,

Damiana, Yohimbe

for this condition

Phenylalanine/DLPA, Phosphatidylserine, Vitamin

B3 (Niacinamide),

DHEA

DIABETES There are two types of diabetes mellitus. Adult-

DIABETES mellitus.

Other

onset diabetes

here refers to diabetes

uncommon forms

of diabetes are not covered in this

also called type

is

II

or non-insulin-

dependent diabetes (NIDDM). With

NIDDM,

the

pancreas makes enough insulin, but the body has trouble using the insulin.

NIDDM

responds so well

to natural medicine that even conventional medicine

discussion.

recommends

People with diabetes cannot

lifestyle

changes.

Childhood-onset diabetes

properly process glucose, a sugar the

body uses

for energy.

As

a result,

and

starting treatment with dietary

diabetes mellitus.

It is

is

the other form of

also called type

dependent diabetes (IDDM). In

I

or insulin-

IDDM, the pancreas

cannot make the insulin needed to process glucose.

glucose stays in the blood, causing

blood glucose to

rise.

At the same

time, however, the cells of the

body

are starved for glucose. Diabetes can

lead to poor

wound healing, higher

risk of infections,

and many other

problems involving the neys, nerves,

and

eyes, kid-

Natural medicine cannot cure ing the

body more

jection,

it

may

IDDM,

but by mak-

receptive to insulin supplied by in-

help.

People with diabetes have a high risk for heart disease.

As

a result, information in the section

atherosclerosis (page 11)

is

on

also important to read.

Dietary Changes That

May Be

Helpful

heart. People with diabetes cannot properly process sugar.

Although short-term high-sugar

diets

blood sugar problems for diabetics, necessarily

innocent.

1

do not cause

2 3

sugar

is

not

Research shows that sugar

causes diabetes in animals. 4

Conditions

39

The

Monounsaturated

fiber (page 159) in carbohydrates helps pro-

tect against

NIDDM. Most

sugar comes from low-

fiber foods, while high-fiber foods are often

sugar. Therefore, eating

decreasing fiber

—

a

low

in

more sugar usually means

When

mistake for diabetics.

whole foods, such as beans, whole raw

fruit,

ics.

33

The

way

easiest

rates into the diet

who

is

may be good

oils

monounsatu-

to incorporate

to use olive

oil.

for diabet-

However, those

are overweight need to be careful

—

olive oil

is

high in calories.

and

pasta, are

Should Children Avoid Milk to Avoid IDDM?

5 the whole foods.

Countries with high milk consumption have a high

compared with processed sugary foods, the high-sugar foods increase blood sugar more than

Most doctors

recommend

of natural medicine

that diabetics cut intake of sugar, such as snacks

and

processed foods. The best replacements for lowhigh-sugar foods (such as fruit juice) or starch

fiber,

(such as white bread) are high-fiber, whole foods.

299),

fruit),

guar 8

gum

oat bran,

cose tolerance.

9

(found in beans),

and glucomannan,

Good

10

results are seen

(page 262) seeds per day. studies

16

i:

Most,

Milk contains

may develop

milk

IDDM. Many,

dicate that children with

all,

fruits, vegetables, seeds, oats,

IDDM. 35

related to a protein in

who

but not

may have high

tack milk protein.

made. Some

are allergic to

all,

studies in-

IDDM drink cow's

an earlier age than other children.

IDDM

is

antibodies that attack the pan-

improve glu-

u but not

is

the pancreas, the organ where insulin

36

milk at

Children with

levels of antibodies that at-

3

Immune problems

find high-fiber diets help diabetics. Focus

should be placed on

a protein that

creas, causing

with the con-

13 14

research indicates that

avoiding milk affords protection from

pectin (from

sumption of 1-3 ounces of powdered fenugreek 11

IDDM. 34 Animal

researchers believe that children

High-fiber supplements, such as psyllium (page 6

of

risk

in

people with

been tied to other allergies as well,

38

IDDM

have

and the impor-

and whole-grain products, although psyllium and

tance of avoidance of dairy remains unclear. 39 Until

glucomannan supplements

more

Eating diabetes.

also help.

fish also affords

1

Glucose tolerance improves

people taking omega-3 fish 18

ments.

Some 21

(page 69) betics.

increases

24

omega-3

20

fish

oil

high triglycerides

and diabetes worsens with

M

26

Until this issue

fish oil sup-

resolved, diabetics

is

but they

supplements un-

fish oil

oriented physician has been

consulted.

NIDDM. 2 ~ When

people with diabetic nerve damage switch to a vegan diet (no meat, dairy, or eggs),

improvements can

occur after several days. 28 In one study, pain completely disappeared in seventeen of 29

Fats

twenty-one peo-

from meat and dairy also cause heart

disease, the leading killer of people with diabetes.

Vegetarians eat less protein than meat eaters. Re-

ducing protein intake lowers kidney damage caused by diabetes ance.

32

30 31

and may also improve glucose

toler-

Switching to a low-protein diet should be dis-

cussed with a nutritionally oriented doctor.

40

abstaining from dairy in infancy and

early childhood, particularly for children with a

IDDM.

family history of

Recent research suggests a

possible link between milk

consumption

in infancy

and an increased risk of NIDDM. ^

Lifestyle Changes That May Be Helpful Most people with

NIDDM

are obese.

41

Excess ab-

dominal weight does not stop insulin formation, 4but

Vegetarians have a low risk of

ple.

recommend

levels in dia-

feel free to increase their fish intake,

nutritionally

a

healthy

(page 160) supple-

and cholesterol (page 62)

should not take omega-3 less

19

in

known, most doctors of natural medicine

However, others report that cholesterol 2-'

plements.

should

oil

studies find that

improves glucose tolerance, 22

some protection from

is

it

43 does make the body insensitive to insulin.

Excess weight even makes healthy people prediabetic.

44

Weight

loss reverses this

improves with weight loss

in

problem. 4 ^

most

studies.

Being overweight does not cause

IDDM

48

IDDM,

does increase the need for more insulin. sense for people with

NIDDM

46 4

to achieve

It

but

it

makes

and main-

tain a healthy weight.

Exercise helps decrease body fat insulin sensitivity.

velop

NIDDM.

51

quire less insulin.

50

and improves

Exercisers are less likely to de-

People with 52

49

IDDM who exercise re-

However, exercise can induce low

blood sugar or even increased blood sugar.

,3

There-

Conditions

should never begin an exercise pro-

fore, diabetics

gram without consulting Moderate drinking glucose tolerance.

a health care professional.

people improves

in healthy

54 55 56 57

However, alcohol wors-

ens glucose tolerance in the elderly ics.

59

who

Diabetics

and nerve damage.

58

and

in diabet-

drink have a high risk for eye

61

more

Until

60

known, people

is

with diabetes should avoid alcohol. For healthy peodrinking won't increase the risk of dia-

ple, light

be avoided.

ney damage,

who smoke

62

are at higher risk for kid63

and other diabetesmore likely to become

heart disease,

linked problems. Smokers are 64

caused by pregnancy.

important to

It is

88

pill.

alpha-ketoglutarate dramatically.

some,

90

89

(page 220)

more likely to develop NIDDM. Double-blind studies show that vitamin E improves glucose tolerpeople with

NIDDM.

improves glucose tolerance 70

may

It

66 67 68

in elderly nondiabetics.

months or more of supple-

require three

mentation for benefits to become apparent. The

most

common amount

used

900 IU of vitamin E

is

per day.

fast

71

prevents blood from clotting too

and has other

effects that protect diabetics'

blood vessels from damage.

72

imals from diabetic cataracts.

Glycosylation It

refers to

some,

People with 77 217) levels.

79

78

benefit.

82

problem

is

E, vitamin

C

C

(page

C may

re-

also lowers sorbitol

accumu-

and kidneys of

dia-

improve glucose tolerance

although not every study confirms

Most doctors

in

in

this

of natural medicine suggest

that diabetics supplement with 1-3

grams per day of

Many B6 (page

diabetics have low blood levels of vitamin

214).

Conditions

83 84

Levels are even lower in diabetics

damage

Oral vitamin used.

B vitamin needed

people with

IDDM

to

were

mg of biotin per day for just one week, their

in

High

dropped by 50%. 93 Similar

people with

levels

re-

mg per day for two NIDDM. 94 Biotin may also

if

—

blood sugar

several

mg of

Some

biotin for a

levels will fall.

grams per day

—of

niacin,

form of vitamin B3 (page 213), impair glucose

tol-

erance and should not be taken by people with diabetes.

mg

96 97

Surprisingly, smaller

amounts (500-750

month followed by 250 some people with NIDDM. 98

per day for one

may

help

mg

per

Preliminary studies suggested that niacinamide, the other form of vitamin B3, might be useful in the

very early stages of

Animal

IDDM, 99 but most research

studies

show

chromium (page

that 103

150)

Medical reports dat-

ing back to 1853 and including that

does

100 101 102

improves glucose tolerance.

modern

research in-

chromium-containing brewer's yeast

104 (page 143) can be useful in treating diabetes.

105

Double-blind research shows that chromium supple-

ments improve glucose tolerance both

NIDDM

106

and

IDDM,

ing sensitivity to insulin.

107

in

people with

apparently by increas-

Chromium improves

the processing of glucose in people with prediabetic

glucose intolerance 108 and in associated with pregnancy.

healthy people,

chromium

vitamin C.

92

orally,

have been reported using 9

dicate

a sugar that can

eyes, nerves,

C may

this 76

have low vitamin

Vitamin

sorbitol

Vitamin

NIDDM, 8081

studies.

As with vitamin

and damage the

betics.

all,

IDDM

duce glycosylation.

late

sugar attaches abnormally

Vitamin B12 taken

a

is

When

not support this claim.

Vitamin E reduces

although not

in diabetics;

73

an important index of diabetes.

how much

to proteins. 74 75

is

Vitamin E protects an-

needed for normal

is

most people.

in

(page 141)

few weeks to see

day)

Vitamin E

cells.

in

91

doctors of natural medicine try 16

a

per

tolerance

reduce pain from diabetic nerve damage. 95

Vitamin E even 69

glucose

meg three times per day has been

to 500

months

are

in

studies.

all,

caused by diabetes

B12 up

mg

—pyridoxine

intravenously, or by injection reduces nerve

sults

65

ance

—improves

fasting glucose levels

E

induced by the birth control

Vitamin B12 (page 216)

given 16

People with low blood levels of vitamin

also effective

Standard vitamin B6 has helped

but not

Biotin

Helpful

with diabetes is

For other people with diabetes, 1,800

process glucose.

May Be

Vitamin B6

day of a special form of vitamin B6

quit.

Nutrients That

86 87

for glucose intolerance

functioning of nerve

Diabetics

women

prove glucose tolerance in

and should therefore

betes, but heavy drinking will,

diabetic.

with nerve damage. 85 Vitamin B6 supplements im-

of niacin.

110

109

women

with diabetes

Chromium

even helps

although one such report found

when accompanied by 100 mg Chromium may also lower triglycer-

useful only 111

ides (a risk factor for heart disease) in diabetics.

112

41

chromium used in research trials is 200 meg per day. Some doctors of natural medicine recommend up to 1,000 meg per day for The

amount

typical

113

diabetics.

Alpha-lipoic acid

of

dant.

levels.

11 -

114

Double-blind research indicates

magnesium overcomes

Magnesium

production

XIDDM.

people with

in elderly

as a result of

some,

more

116

El-

insulin

magnesium supplements, according

but not

all,

studies.

are lower in people with

with magnesium.

118

to

Insulin requirements

IDDM who

120

women

In pregnant

magnesium

more

is

with

IDDM who

are

magnesium may

deficient, the lack of

even account for the high rate of spontaneous abor-

and birth defects associated with

tion

IDDM.

.

.

a risk factor.

is

with normal

with 300

—

123

deficient,

— Many

that dia-

per day.

page 224

tend to be zinc

which may impair immune function.

IDDM.

people with have low zinc

recommend

12>

levels,

126

People with

XIDDM

way

also in

doctors of natural medicine

that people with

XIDDM

with moderate amounts of zinc (15-25 as a

-'

levels in

caused by excess loss of zinc

Many

2.2

high blood levels of fats

,

and

triglycerides

—dropped

days.

130

amounts

When diabet-

In higher

(1

pounds of body

—both

may reduce pain from

damage

ljl

as well.

Taurine \page 206)

is

which leads

rine levels,

cholesterol

25-39% in just ten gram per day by injec-

tion), carnitine

diabetic nerve

an amino acid found in

IDDM

have low tau-

"thickened" blood

to

—

condition that increases the risk of heart disease.

Supplementing taurine

1.5

taurine levels to normal

and corrects the problem of

grams per day)

blood viscosity within three months.

rose oil

page 158 per day for

restores

-

months has been

research, 6 in

some

cataracts

with

and

XIDDM. m

diabetic complications, such as diabetic

and retinopathy. form of vanadium page 208),

sulfate, a

may improve glucose large

IDDM

both

page 201) may also help reduce the risk

Vanadyl

XIDDM.

double-blind

grams per day helps reduce nerve damage

people

Quercetin

this painful condition. In

1,4

control in individuals with

However, the long-term safety of the

amounts of vanadium required

for this effect

remain unknown. Furthermore, many doctors of

supplement

natural medicine expect that

mg

turn out to be unsafe.

per day)

six

found to reverse the cause of diabetic nerve damage

and improve

of

Zinc supplements have lowered blood sugar

their urine.

doctors

kidney function supplement

IDDM

People with

1

recommend

mg of magnesium

1-00

a substance needed for

mg per

[I

and has

per day

-"

to properly use fat for energy.

are given carnitine

weight

is

mg

Supplementing with 4 grams of evening prim-

.

of natural medicine, however, betics

ics

-

The American Diabetes Association admits between magnesium defi"strong associations insulin resistance" but will not say magciency and nesium deficiency

body

the

page 146)

protein-rich food. People with

occur to magnesium-deficient people with

likely to

Carnitine

supplement

119

Diabetes-induced damage to the eyes

IDDM.

this

leads to improved insulin

ders without diabetes can also produce

11 "

an intake of 600

iat

reduced pain in several studies.

that supplementing with

problem.

has been used to improve diabetic neu-

It

ropathies

Diabetes patients tend to have low magnesium (page 182)

a powerful natural antioxi-

is

amounts

this

high will

to correct for the deficit.

People with diabetes cannot adequately process carbohydrates.

coQIO, lism.

one

is

Coenzyme Q10

(page

or

needed for normal carbohydrate metabo-

Animals with diabetes are coQIO

trial,

152),

blood sugar

deficient. In

levels fell substantially in

31%

of people with diabetes after they supplemented

with 120

mg of coQIO per day ::

Inositol (page

1 7 0)

is

betic neuropathy.

Some

damage, or

dia-

of these abnormalities have

been reversed by inositol supplementation v500 taken twice per day). 128

42

or Interactions? Vitamin E toxicity

is

widely considered to be terfere

with lab

very rare; supplements are safe. Since

tests assessing

diabetics supplementing with

needed for normal nerve

function. Diabetes can cause nerve

Are There Any Side Effects

mg

form

their doctor.

13 -

vitamin

sugar

this

C can in-

levels in urine,

vitamin should

Vitamin B6 side

in-

effects are rare,

but nervous system changes can occur above 200

mg

per day. Vitamin B12 and biotin are not associated

with side

effects.

Xiacinamide

to take, but niacin, in

amounts

is

almost always safe

as

low as 50-100 mg.

Conditions

may cause some

and stomachache

flushing, headache,

in

people.

lowering

Side effects have not been reported from the use

of brewer's yeast;

it is

not related to Candida albi-

some people

low as 350-500

intake

more

is

this

A

recent study found that 200

mg

control as well as energy levels in

NIDDM. 144

may lower

the risk of

some

di-

diabetic complications, such as diabetic cataracts

can happen at amounts

and retinopathy. Ginkgo biloba (page 268) extract

mg per day.

serious but

effect.

also has a direct blood sugar-

It

143

Bilberry (page 234)

Taking too much magnesium often leads to arrhea. For

142

of ginseng extract per day improved blood sugar

which causes yeast infection.

cans,

as

receptors. 141

Excessive

magnesium

uncommon. People

is

may prove

useful for prevention

early-stage diabetic neuropathy.

and treatment of Other herbs that

with kidney disease should not take magnesium sup-

may

plements without consulting a doctor.

source of fiber), bitter melon (page 235), aloe vera

Zinc has been reported to increase glycosylation with

IDDM— an indicator of trouble.

lem does not occur with

NIDDM.

137

136

(This prob-

of natural medicine believe this increase error,

138

IDDM

people with

(page 231) juice, and eleuthero (Siberian ginseng) (page 257).

While doctors

)

may be an

supplementing with

help are fenugreek seeds (discussed earlier as a

Maitake (page 288) tial

tool in the

further research

is

being studied as a poten-

management of is

needed

diabetes; however,

in this area.

zinc should consult a nutritionally oriented doctor.

People supplementing with zinc should take 1—3

Are There Any Side Effects

mg

or Interactions?

of copper (page 151) to protect against copper

Use of more than 100 grams of fenugreek seeds daily

deficiency.

Congestive heart failure patients

who

are taking

can cause intestinal upset and nausea. Otherwise,

coenzyme Q10 should not discontinue taking coenzyme Q10 supplements without first consulting a

fenugreek

doctor.

generally safe

There toxicity;

limited information about

is

vanadium

however, workers exposed to vanadium

Used

is

safe.

recommended amounts, gymnema is and without side effects. The safety of

at the

gymnema yet

extremely

during pregnancy and lactation has not

been determined. Persons with

gymnema

NIDDM

should

dust can develop toxic effects. High blood levels

only use

have been linked to manic-depressive mental disor-

clinical supervision of a health care professional.

ders, but the

meaning of

Vanadium sometimes

this

remains uncertain.

inhibits but at other times

stimulates cancer growth in animals.

The

effect in

Gymnema

to lower blood sugar under the

cannot be used

in place of insulin to

IDDM

and

recommended dosage, Asian

gin-

generally safe. In rare instances, ginseng

may

control blood sugar by persons with

NIDDM.

humans remains unknown.

Used seng

is

at the

cause overstimulation and possibly insomnia. Con-

May

Herbs That

suming

overstimulation and gastrointestinal upset. Persons

Be

Helpful

Gymnema

with uncontrolled high blood pressure should not

(page 275) assists the pancreas in the pro-

duction of insulin in

NIDDM. Gymnema

also im-

proves the ability of insulin to lower blood sugar in

both

IDDM

cellent

drugs in r

or

caffeine with ginseng increases the risk of

and

NIDDM.

substitute

for

oral

This herb can be an ex-

gymnema extract.

39 140

Asian ginseng (page 232)

is

commonly used It

in

has

been shown to enhance the release of insulin from

Conditions

some women. Ginseng is not recommended pregnant or lactating women. In

recommended amounts,

there are

for

no known

side effects with bilberry extract. Bilberry does not

commonly prescribed drugs, and there no known contraindications to its use during

interact with

traditional Chinese medicine to treat diabetes.

the pancreas

may cause

menstrual abnormalities and breast tenderness in

blood sugar-lowering

NIDDM. Some people take 400 mg per day 1

use ginseng. Long-term use of ginseng

and to increase the number of

insulin

are

pregnancy or lactation.

Ginkgo biloba is essentially devoid of any serious side effects. Mild headaches lasting for a day or

43

two and mild upset stomach have been reported

in a

very small percentage of people using ginkgo. There are

no known contraindications

to the use of ginkgo

by pregnant and lactating women.

melon, since

this

herb could theoretically trigger or

worsen low blood sugar, or hypoglycemia. Furthermore, diabetics taking hypoglycemic drugs (such as chlorpropamide, glyburide, or phenformin) or

Excessively high doses of bitter

melon

juice

can

sulin should use bitter

melon with caution,

as

it

in-

may

cause abdominal pain and diarrhea. Small children

potentiate the effectiveness of the drugs, leading to

or anyone with hypoglycemia should not take bitter

severe hypoglycemia.

Checklist for Diabetes Nutritional

Supplements

Homeopathic Reme-

Herbs

dies Fiber, Psyllium, Fish oil

(EPA/DHA), Vitamin

E,

Fenugreek,

Gymnema,

Vitamin C, B-complex (B6, B12, biotin, B3),

Asian ginseng, Bilberry,

Chromium, Brewer's yeast, Magnesium, Coenzyme Q10, Inositol, Alpha-lipoic

Ginkgo biloba,

Evening primrose

used

for this condition

Bitter

melon, Aloe vera,

Zinc,

acid, Carnitine, Taurine,

No homeopathy commonly

oil,

Eleuthero, Maitake

DIARRHEA ANY ATTACK stools

is

called diarrhea.

Many differ-

ent conditions can trigger

arrhea

is

A health care provider should

of frequent watery

it.

Acute

if

di-

arrhea continues for more than a few days, since

may

indicate a

more

it

serious health condition.

di-

often caused by an infection

ment. The primary role of nutrition

Dietary Changes That

May Be

and may require medical manageis

to prevent depletions of fluid, sodium,

Some foods

cause dehydration, low blood sugar,

and chemical imbalances that can be serious or even life-threatening, par-

Helpful

contain sugars that absorb slowly, such

as fructose in fruit juice or sorbitol in dietetic confectionery,

potassium, and calories. Diarrhea can

ticularly in children.

be consulted

and can hold water

ing to diarrhea.

People lack the

who

in the intestines, lead-

1

—meaning they milk sugar— often

are lactose intolerant

enzyme needed

to digest

develop diarrhea after consuming dairy products.

C

or magnesium can

also cause diarrhea, although the

amount varies con-

Large amounts of vitamin

siderably

from person to person. Unlike infectious

diarrhea, diarrhea caused by fructose, sorbitol, or

44

Conditions

high amounts of vitamin

companied by other

C

or

magnesium

is

not ac-

from

signs of illness, aside 2

cramping and occasional nausea. Avoiding the fending food or supplement brings rapid

While pation,

it

fiber (page 159)

may

of-

also play a role in alleviating diarrhea.

For example, 9-30 grams per day of psyllium (page

makes the

299) seed (an excellent source of fiber) stools

more

solid

and can help resolve symptoms of

noninfectious diarrhea. 3 Drinking lots of coffee will

cause diarrhea in some people. 4 Allergies

and food

rhea.

13

may

prevent antibiotic-induced diar-

Lactobacillus acidophilus, another microorin

both supplements and some yogurt,

also inhibits disease-causing bacteria. 14

Some

doctors of natural medicine suggest that

betaine hydrochloride (page 139)

may be

some

If

ance

individuals with diarrhea. is

can trigger diar-

when fed cow's milk-based formula but improve when switched to soy-based formula. 5

helpful to

lactose intoler-

the cause of diarrhea, supplemental use of

lactase (page 175) prior to

products can be helpful.

sensitivities

For example, some infants suffer diarrhea

rhea.

culture yogurt

ganism found

relief.

often useful for consti-

is

acute diarrhea in hospitalized children. 12 Active-

consuming any dairy

15

The malabsorption problems

that develop dur-

ing diarrhea can lead to deficiencies of

mins and minerals. for people

16

For this reason,

it

many

vita-

makes sense

with diarrhea to take a multiple vitamin/

mineral (page 187) supplement.

Nutrients That

May Be

Are There Any Side Effects

Helpful

or Interactions?

Acute diarrhea can damage the lining of the tine. Folic

intes-

acid (page 163) helps repair this damage.

Supplementing with large amounts of

folic

acid

(5,000 meg, three times per day for several days) has

been shown to shorten the duration of acute infectious diarrhea by 42 %.

6

These larger amounts are

probably needed because diarrhea can cause malabsorption problems. However, folic acid should not routinely be taken in

amounts greater than 800 meg

shown

Brewer's yeast (page 143) has been

to

immune system or the flora living in the inand may relieve infectious diarrhea. 7 8 Three

alter the

capsules or tablets of brewer's yeast three times per

Beneficial bacteria, such as lactobacilli

dobacteria, normally

live in a

and

bifi-

quate vitamin B12. See the section on

more information on

this

folic acid for

vitamin interaction.

Side effects have not been reported from the use

of brewer's yeast. cans,

It is

not related to Candida albi-

which causes yeast

infection.

There are no reported side large intakes of acidophilus

effects

with even

and other probiotic bac-

The normal stomach produces about the same amount of hydrochloride (HC1) as is found in twenty 10-grain tablets or capsules. However, people should

not take more than 10 grains (650 mg) of

HC1

with-

out the recommendation of a nutritionally oriented is

safe

and does not produce

side

effects.

healthy colon, where

they inhibit the overgrowth of disease-causing bacteria.

(page 216) deficiency in individuals lacking ade-

physician. Lactase

9 day for two weeks has been found to be helpful.

10

supplements can mask a vitamin B12

teria.

per day.

testine

Folic acid

Diarrhea flushes intestinal microorganisms

out of the digestive tract, leaving the body vulnera-

Herbs That

Be

May

Helpful

acidophilus (page 135) and other beneficial bacteria

The following recommendations are for milder forms of diarrhea. For more serious cases of diar-

can help prevent new infections.

rhea, proper medical evaluation

ble to opportunistic infections. Replenishing with

Supplementing with one hundred million to billion bifidobacteria per

tion for small

children.

day may provide protec-

11

(Lactobacilli

dobacteria supplements often

microorganisms on the bifidobacteria

and

a

label.)

list

the

and

bifi-

number of

The combination of

strep thermophilus (found in cer-

tain yogurts) dramatically reduces the incidence of

Conditions

and monitoring

should occur before taking any herbal supplements.

Carob (page 242)

is

rich in tannins that have

an astringent or binding

membranes of

effect

the intestinal tract.

young children and

on the mucous It is

often used for

infants with diarrhea.

17

Com-

monly, 15 grams of carob powder are mixed with applesauce for children.

45

Chamomile

.page 24" reduces intestinal

cramp-

and inflammation

associ-

ing and eases the irritation

ated with diarrhea. lf as a tea.

Many

Chamomile

is

typically

day.

root (p*g< 281

in .

Raspberry leaves are high

or Interactions?

three times per

mucilage, such as marshmallow

only rarely ha vt

Though

can help reduce the irritation to the

mg

of

are gene:

sar;

been repc

ergk

rare, allergic rea.

.

have

-ar.-.ormle

These reactions hz

a

also been

marshmallow

.

bronchial constriction with internal use and allergic

root extract, capsules, or tablets three times per day.

Marshmallow root may also be taken as a the amount of 5-15 ml, three times daily.

tannins

like their relative, blackberry

Carob and marshmallow

rhea. People often take 1.000

m

Are There Any Side Effects

liq-

walls of the intestinal tract that can occur with diar-

ndi

skin rea.

tincn.

,

Other astringent herbs traditionally used for

topical use.

,'uld .

-

[xawa

chrvsanthemL

chamomile. Ra-

blueberry leaves, and red raspbern

While such

uncomm;

rremelv

.

-id

diarrhea include blackberry leaves, blackberry root bark,

'

diarrhea.

between meals.

Herbs high

-

.

i

and

p

dered chamomile or add 3-5 ml of a chamomile it

i

drunk

people dissolve 2-5 grams of

uid extract to hot water and drink

'

aller-

a-

mild

.iuse

.

lo;

>;

".£

;

id nau>.

-

Checklist for Diarrhea Nutritional

Supplements

Fiber, Folic acid,

Brewer's yt

Acidophilus, Betaine hydrochloride,

Homeopathic Remedies

^erta Psyllium, Carob,

Marshmallow

Lactase, Multiple vitamin/mineral

Chamomile,

-

-

:

root

^ed raspberry

supplement

DUPUYTREN'S CONTRACTURE DUPUYTREN'S CONTRACTURE, a poorly under-

.

IN

nvent;. d or rerv

-oids into

palm of the hand. The fibrous

tissue

hand

can cause the fingers of the

re

uncomr

not

Nutrients That

May Be

Helpful

to curl up. •

§

.

taking vitamin E

46

dfis-

sargerv

ea>.

stood formation of fibers occurs in the

.

-

.

.

.

-

page 11

-

_

:rear

Du^uytre

•

Conditions

contracture. Several studies reported that 200-2,000

amounts of vitamin E

IU of vitamin E per day for several months was help-

a

ful,

1

although others did not find

there are

more

it

useful.

2

(2,000 IU per day)

is

worth

try.

Overall,

positive trials than negative ones, 3

although the early research has not been followed up. Nonetheless,

many

doctors of natural medicine

believe that a three-month trial using very high

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? Vitamin E toxicity

is

very rare.

Checklist for Dupuytren's Contracture Nutritional

Supplements

Homeopathic Remedies

Herbs No herbs commonly used

Vitamin E

No homeopathy commonly used

for

this condition

for this condition

EAR INFECTIONS (RECURRENT) Dietary Changes That

MANY CHILDREN

May Be

suffer re-

current infections of the middle ear.

Helpful

The incidence of

rent ear infections

Antibiotics are frequently used, but

according to some research are not fective.

1

ef-

Likewise, inserting tubes sur-

—another common conventional treatment— has not gically in the ear

general public.

3

among children with recurmuch higher than among the

allergy

In

is

one

study,

more than

half of

all

children with recurrent ear infections were found to

be allergic to certain foods. Removing those foods led to significant

improvement

gic children tested. sults.

5 6

4

in

86%

of the

aller-

Other reports show similar

re-

People with recurrent ear infections should

discuss allergy diagnosis and elimination with a nu-

consistently provided any long-term benefit.

2

tritionally oriented doctor.

Although sugar intake has not been studied

in

relation to recurrent ear infections, eating sugar 7

is

8

Therefore, known to impair immune function. many nutritionally oriented doctors recommend that children with recurrent ear infections reduce or

eliminate sugar from their diets. Xylitol, a natural sugar terferes

found

in

some

cause ear infections. In a double-blind

who chewed gum sweetened with duced

Conditions

fruits, in-

with the growth of some bacteria that may

risk of ear infections.

trial,

xylitol

children

had a

re-

9

47

Lifestyle Changes That May Be Helpful When

to have recurrent ear infections.

It

is

function.

17

Echinacea lowers the

and upper respiratory

risk of colds

tract infections

rent ear

common in children experiencing infections. Many people use 40 drops

tincture

two

which are

parents smoke, their children are more likely 10

immune

healthy

important

Ear drops with mullein (page 291),

wort (page 312), and

Nutrients That Vitamin

most

Helpful

11 12

Vitamin

C

St.

an

John's

base

oil

sure in the middle ear during acute ear infections.

immune function

(page 217) stimulates

studies.

garlic (page 265) in

are traditional remedies used to alleviate the pres-

Because of

C

of the

to three times per day for six to eight

weeks. Children can be given half the adult dose.

that children are not exposed to passive smoke.

May Be

recur-

its

antimicrobial activity, goldenseal

in

has not been studied in

(page 270) has a long history of use for infections,

including recurrent ear infection.

regard to ear infections specifically; nonetheless,

some

nutritionally oriented doctors

tween 500

mg and

1,000

recommend

be-

mg of vitamin C per day for

ear infections.

14

or Interactions? Echinacea

Zinc (page 224) supplements increase immune function, 13

Are There Any Side Effects

although the studies showing

this

oriented doctors

recommend

they have an

For example, a 30-pound child could be given 5

mg mg

of zinc.

berculosis or multiple sclerosis.

flowers

to

of

A

is

needed by the immune

studies.

15

A

Vitamin

known

con-

Persons with

to strong sunlight

are not vitamin

A

more

light-sen-

should avoid exposure

fair skin

and other sources of

ultraviolet

supplements have light,

deficient.

such as tanning beds.

nutritionally oriented doctors give chil-

the

dren with ear infections 5,000-10,000 IU of vitamin

A per day.

It is

also advisable to

avoid foods like red wine, cheese, yeast, and pickled

Nonetheherring.

some

family should take

John's wort makes the skin

St.

supplements have helped vitamin

not been studied as a treatment for ear infections in

less,

aller-

traindications to the use of echinacea during preg-

A-deficient children with measles or infectious diar-

who

the daisy

Those who are

echinacea with caution. There are no

sitive.

children

such

nancy or lactation. (page 209)

system. Vitamin

many

illness,

as lupus, or other progressive diseases, such as tu-

gic

rhea in

autoimmune

zinc supplements for

per day for adults and lower amounts for children.

A

if

nutritionally

anyone with recurrent infections, suggesting 25

Vitamin

orally.

People should not take echinacea without consulting

have a physician

Some

not focused on ear infections.

when taken

essentially nontoxic

is

John's wort should not be used at

St.

same time

as prescription antidepressants. St.

John's wort should not be used during pregnancy or lactation.

Most people enjoy garlic; however, some individuals who are sensitive to it may experience heart-

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions?

burn and flatulence. Because of People taking zinc for more than a few weeks should take copper as well. Taking too

hundred milligrams per day

for

much

anticoagulant

drugs

an adult)

should check with their nutritionally oriented docwill actu-

tor before taking garlic.

Those scheduled

for surgery

depress

more than 10,000 IU of vitamin

A per day.

should inform their surgeon supplements. There are no

Herbs That

Be

May

Helpful

safe.

children with recurrent ear infections bene-

from echinacea (page 255), which helps support

48

as

they are taking garlic

known

contraindications

plants, high

enseal

is

and

recommended, goldenseal

However,

distress

Some

if

to the use of garlic during pregnancy

Taken

fit

taking

zinc (several

immune function and must be avoided. 16 Women who could become pregnant should not take ally

persons

properties,

garlic's anticlotting

as

with

all

amounts may lead

is

lactation.

generally

alkaloid-containing to gastrointestinal

and possible nervous system

effects.

Gold-

not recommended for pregnant or lactating

women. Conditions

Checklist for Ear Infections Nutritional

Supplements

Vitamin C, Zinc, Vitamin

A

Herbs

Homeopathic Remedies

Echinacea, Mullein,

St.

John's

Aconite 30c, Belladonna 30c,

wort, Garlic, Goldenseal

Pulsatilla

6c

ECZEMA Dietary Changes That

ECZEMA

is

a

common skin condi-

tion characterized by an itchy, red rash.

Many skin diseases cause simi-

lar rashes, so

it is

important to have

the disease properly diagnosed before it

can be treated.

May Be Eczema can be ally oriented

mine

if

Helpful triggered by allergies. 1

2

A

nutrition-

doctor should be consulted to deter-

allergies are a factor.

Once

the trigger for the

allergy has been identified, avoidance of the allergen

can lead to significant improvement. 3

When coffee,

heavy coffee drinkers with eczema avoided

eczema symptoms were reported

In this study, the reaction

indicating that

was

4 to improve.

—not

to coffee

caffeine,

some people with eczema may be alPeople with eczema who, with the

lergic to coffee.

guidance of a nutritionally oriented doctor, are using a hypoallergenic diet to investigate food gies

should avoid coffee as part of

aller-

this trial.

Nutrients That

May Be

Helpful

People with eczema do not have the normal ability to process fatty acids, which can result in a deficiency 5 of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA).

evening primrose

oil

is

shown

that

is

in

oil,

Most double-blind

re-

oil.

EPO overcomes this block and

useful in the treatment of eczema.

for reduced itching are usually

most

6 7 8

The

striking.

of the research uses 12 pills per day; each taining 500

found

(page 158) (EPO), borage

and black currant seed search has

GLA

9

effects

Much

pill

con-

mg of EPO, of which 45 mg is GLA. One

study questioned the effectiveness of evening prim10 however, this negative study rose oil for eczema; 11 has been criticized.

Conditions

49

Older reports using large amounts of vegetable

GLA) claimed some

(containing precursors to

oil

success,

12

13

but these studies were not controlled

and do not meet modern standards of research. As

a

result, it makes more sense to use GLA-containing oils (such as EPO), rather than vegetable oil.

Ten grams of

providing 1.8

fish oil (page 160)

grams of EPA (eicosapentaenoic

acid) per

day were

given to a group of eczema sufferers in a doubleblind oil

After twelve weeks, those using the fish

trial.

14 Accordexperienced significant improvement.

ing to the researchers, fish

because stance

may

oil

reduces levels of leukotriene B4, a sub-

it

been

has

that

linked

eczema-relieving effects of fish ing ten pills per day of fish

has been reported 16

in

eczema.

to oil

may

15

The

require tak-

oil.

at

400 IU per day

Licorice (page 286) root, used either internally or topically,

no formal study has investigated

this

Medical World News reported that

re-

searchers from the University of Texas found that vi-

C

Zemaphyte,

mg

One

land.

ble-blind

17

mixed cally,

in

hot water and taken once per day.

root, reduces the inflammation

Numerous to

topically

oil

tritionally oriented

fore long-term fish oil, since a

A

and

DHA

from

taking

A

nu-

doctor should be consulted be-

more than 3-4 grams of Side

or

also be taken as

ml, three times

tive as

1%

daily.

redness

the

relieve

and itching of

cream prepared with witch hazel (page hydrocortisone 21

is

as effec-

manage-

in the topical

Other topical herbal preparations

chamomile (page

247), calendula

(page 241), and chickweed (page 248) ointments.

herbal

books

is little

for

the

is

listed in

treatment

evidence to support

its

of

use for

this condition.

have not been reported.

levels.

may

Although burdock (page 239) root

high intake has been reported to

blood sugar

vate

associ-

other herbal preparations are used

Sarsaparilla (page 305)

use of

and itching

321) and phosphatidyl choline (page 176)

or Interactions? problems

is

Topi-

Some people apply creams

amount of 2-5

a tincture in the

eczema, there

reproducible

18 19

ointments containing glycyrrhetinic acid three or

traditional

evening primrose

20

ated with eczema.

eczema by affecting the immune system.

Consistent,

as

glycyrrhetinic acid, a constituent of licorice

to consider are

Are There Any Side Effects

in-

or two packets of the combination

ment of eczema.

per 2.2

which

A

currently under investigation in Eng-

is

symptoms of eczema in a douVitamin C may be beneficial in

(page 217), at

symptoms of eczema.

hood and adult eczema. The product, known

pounds of

50-75

body weight, reduced trial.

help alleviate

cludes licorice, has been successful in treating child-

eczema.

In 1989,

may

traditional Chinese herbal preparation,

anecdotal accounts to alleviate

effect.

tamin

Be Useful

four times per day. Licorice root

Although vitamin E (page 220) eczema,

be effective

May

Herbs That

effects

ele-

from EPA

include nose bleeds (because of reduced

may be

beneficial as

an

anti-inflammatory. Capsules or tablets should provide at least 9 grams of the dried root per day, usu-

taken in divided doses. Tincture

ally

is

used in the

amount of 3 ml three times per day. Red clover (page 301) is considered beneficial for all manner of chronic conditions, particularly those afflicting the skin,

such as eczema. However, the

blood clotting), gastrointestinal upset, and "fishy"

mechanism of action and responsible constituents

burps.

for

Vitamin E toxicity

is

widely considered to be velop diarrhea after as

ligrams of vitamin

C

of vitamin

C

Some

individuals de-

as a few

thousand mil-

safe.

little

per day, while others are not

bothered by ten times levels

very rare; supplements are

this

amount. However, high

can deplete the body of copper,

an essential nutrient.

its

purported benefit

in skin conditions

known. Wild oat (page 294) can be used

is

un-

to treat a

variety of skin conditions, including eczema.

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? Licorice products without the glycyrrhizin removed

prudent to ensure ade-

may

quate copper intake at higher intakes of vitamin

tion.

C

than others. Long-term intake of products contain-

(copper

is

supplements).

50

found

in

It is

many

multivitamin/mineral

ing

increase blood pressure

Some people

more than

1

are

more

gram of

and cause water

reten-

sensitive to this effect

glycyrrhizin (which

is

the

Conditions

amount is

approximately 10 grams of root) per day

in

the usual

As

amount

santhemum) should avoid use of chamomile. There are no contraindications to the use of chamomile

required to cause these effects.

a result of these possible side effects, long-term

during pregnancy or lactation.

and should only be undertaken qualified

health

care

if

no known

Deglycyrrhiz-

do not cause these

inated licorice extracts

calendula and therefore should not use

prescribed by a

professional.

side

effects

Witch hazel may cause minor skin irritation in some people when applied topically; this herb is not typically recommended for internal use. Although

chamomile have been

it,

No

there are

untoward

have been reported with chickweed.

avoided.

and kidney dam-

As

sarsaparilla

can increase absorption

and/or elimination of digitalis and bismuth, such

combinations are contraindicated. 22

re-

Nonfermented red

constriction with internal use and allergic skin reac-

ever,

clover

is

relatively safe;

how-

fermented red clover should be avoided alto-

While such

side effects are ex-

gether.

uncommon, persons with

allergies to plants

effects.

tions with topical use.

allergic to

is

age. Large doses for long periods of time are to be

ported. These reactions have included bronchial

tremely

side effects or interactions.

Sarsaparilla can cause nausea

effects.

rare, allergic reactions to

who

Except for the very rare person

intake of high levels of glycyrrhizin are discouraged

Oats are not associated with any adverse

of the Asteraceae family (ragweed, aster, and chry-

Eczema

Checklist for Nutritional

Supplements

Evening primrose

oil,

(EPA/DHA), Vitamin

E,

Fish

Licorice,

oil

Vitamin C,

Phosphatidyl choline

Homeopathic Remedies

Herbs

No homeopathy commonly used

Witch hazel, Chamomile,

Calendula, Chickweed, Sarsaparilla,

Red

clover,

for this condition

Oats

FIBROCYSTIC BREAST DISEASE FIBROCYSTIC BREAST DISEASE

is

Dietary Changes That

May Be

Helpful

a term colloquially Total caffeine elimination reduces

given to a group of benign conditions affecting the breast.

It is

a very

com-

brocystic disease.

black and

1

2

Caffeine

women. Both

breasts

become tender

or painful and lumpy, and the symp-

toms

vary at different times of the

menstrual

cycle.

occur after caffeine

is

fi-

coffee,

and

The decrease months or more

a in

to

eliminated. Breast lumpiness

away, but the pain often decreases.

Many doctors misunderstand the effect of caffeine. When researchers tell women to cut back or to eliminate caffeine for less than six months, the results are unimpressive.

3 4

Moreover, some doctors

are under the impression that fibrocystic

Conditions

in

drugs.

breast tenderness can take six

may not go

found

green tea, cola drinks, chocolate,

number of over-the-counter

mon benign condition in younger

is

symptoms of

women do

51

much coffee. However

not drink

stud

fibrocystic disease* patients

s

:han other women,"

otherw

sc

-. .

b

dan

coffee

only thac

sane

affected the

ic

izztiTi

—

iodfcr

mach

?atients drink

-

:

"c —

re

:

"

.•.:-.:.:;: :

:

'

.

1

:

:

;

7.7.7

.

'

-

\

;

'

7

"

-.

.

-

.

b

mptoms an

to todrme and

srtrve

it

*

i

~

7*

-

ti

_

fa rgfa

should not be

t

— re — i

-

_

-

-.

:

...

£:r>

::

:

--.-..

:

;

--

.

- _

....

ie

Iii

;

taken without a doctr~

rues sfaoaki

Tiptoms will most

tn r ~

:sc

not leaduY arobble.

doses can alter thyroid function*

.

noc

:

ft

jrigrn.-

or iden

-'•

re-

v

decrease

minerals."*

problems

In theory, these

EPO. Of the double-blind than placebo.

to be

double-blind

abnormalities in the

should resolve with evening primrose

.:

39

B-complex vitamin page 210). w

processing of farty

is

do not appear

deficient,

nutritionally oriented doctors

PMS show

with

rarely

page 220

search shows that 300 IU of vitamin

with

work has only

PMS

with

.

at

sic.

B vitamin

:h linked

PMS.-

followec

EPO

is

See the side effects >ection below.

fects.

or

day for

months. This amount can cause

least three

still

mg per

and suggest 200—400

B6

women

ugh

vitamin E

of vitamin B6 per day for several

symptoms of PMS.* 9 10 ll u though the amount of vitamin B6 is sometimes too low. 13 or the length of the trial too short.-" some Most studies have not found vitamin B6 helpfu months can

Ith

happen

at doses as

low

as

di-

350-500

magnesium intake is more secaused by magnesium supple-

day. Excessive

rious but

is

rarely

ments. People with kidney disease should not take

ideal

calcium or magnesium supplements without con-

amount of magnesium has yet to be determine::, some doctors recommend 400 mg per da

sulting a physician. Individuals with sarcoidosis,

Women who consume more from

While the

calcium page 144

the:: diets are less likely to suffer severe

33

PMS.

Double-blinc :e>earch has shown that supplementing 1.000

mg

of calcium per day

rdk

mptoms

34

PMS. Progesterone may relieve some symptoms PMS, itamin A page 209 appears to mc:

10

ease should not supplement with calcium.

Women who should take

less

are or could

become pregnant

than 10,000 IU per day of vitamin

A

to avoid the risk of birth defects. For other adults,

intake above 25,000 IU per day can in rare cases

i

1

hyperparathyroidism, or with chronic kidney dis-

of

cause headaches, dry skin, hair

problems, and

liver

loss, fatigue,

bone

damage.

Conditions

Herbs That

Be

May

In

Chinese medicine, dong quai

(page 254), Angelica sinensis,

Helpful

the "female ginseng."

Vitex (page 317) has been

shown

to help reestablish

normal balance of estrogen and progesterone during

woman's menstrual cycle. This is important, because some women will suffer from PMS and other a

menstrual irregularities due to underproduction of the

traditional

hormone progesterone during

the second half of

their cycle. Vitex stimulates the pituitary gland to

produce more luteinizing hormone, and

this leads to

Dong quai

mal hormone balance and

women pain.

is

take 2-3 grams of

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? Minor

gastrointestinal upset

shown

women

a

period of several months will help normalize hor-

mone

balance and alleviate the symptoms of PMS. 44

Use 40 drops of tract or

dered extract once per day liquid. Vitex

to

determine

in the

morning with some

a mild skin rash

in less

than

2%

vitex. Vitex

for use during pregnancy.

It

of the

not

is

should

not be taken together with hormone therapy.

Dong quai may to it

cause some fair-skinned persons

become more sensitive to sunlight. Persons using on a regular basis should limit prolonged exposure

should be taken for at least four cycles

to the sun or other sources of ultraviolet radiation.

efficacv.

Dong

quai

tating

women.

Checklist for Premenstrual Nutritional

Fiber,

and

monitored while taking

recommended

a liquid, concentrated vitex ex-

one capsule of the equivalent dried, pow-

dong quai

capsules or tablets per day.

with itching has been reported

morning over

promote nor-

particularly useful for

greater production of progesterone. 43 Studies have that using vitex once in the

helps

experiencing premenstrual cramping and

Many women

4:>

often referred to as

is

Homeopathic Remedies

Herbs

Vitamin B6, Vitamin B-complex, oil,

not recommended for pregnant or lac-

Syndrome

Supplements

Evening primrose

is

Vitex,

Dong quai

Sepia 30c, Pulsatilla 30c,

Magnesium, Calcium,

Cimicifuga 6c

Vitamin A, Vitamin E, Multiple vitamin/mineral

PRIT

DIET

PROGRAM In the

THE PRITIKIN DIET mous

diet

minds of many people, the

imagined to be is

a fa-

and philosophy of health

developed by Nathan Pntikin.

all

gram

is

The

Pritikin

no

left.

true that for people living

most Westerners do, the

Conditions

diet.

that participants join because they have

It is

is

also thought of as a "last resort" pro-

other choices

seem

Program

a spartan, no-frills, uninteresting,

and — worst of — unpalatable

Program

Pritikin

and eating the way

Pritikin

Program might

to be the hardest thing they have ever done. But

this

is

that

is

because most Westerners far

live

and

eat in a

way

from natural.

111

The Diet

gram

The

Pritikin

Program preceded and

is

remarkably

Dean

similar to the Ornish program, developed by

Ornish, M.D., and

is

in unrefined carbohydrates,

and

fruits.

These

whole grains, vegetaalmost

diets also exclude

processed grains, animal protein, eggs, and

all

the diet should be limited in the amounts of animal

and refined carbohydrates

First, these

it

contains.

foods contain components that can be

harmful, such as saturated

fat.

warned are

that the diets

more

and

doctors

decades,

common

to

and

is

to the

the

program tend

pounds during the tikin

and sugar.

not necessarily a weight

most people involved

loss (page 124) diet; however,

to lose weight (the average first

Program lowers cholesterol (page

month of

is

month). In addition, the

triglyceride (page 69) levels. For

Both books also contain simple

grams

yet effective pro-

The books

for daily exercise.

lose weight

more or

also have the

who want

less rapidly. Finally,

to

both books

contain dozens of recipes that prove that the Pritikin

Program does not always need

to be dull, uninterest-

ing, or unpalatable.

Numerous

studies in the past few years have

correlation between high-fat diets and degenerative

and cancer compared

Program

layman and professional.

for both the

Western countries

complex or unrefined carbohydrates

Pritikin

program

proach. Hundreds of other studies demonstrate the

typically lower in animal protein, fat,

The

the

have

researchers

diets of indigenous peoples. Native diets are naturally rich in

&

proven the safety and effectiveness of the Pritikin ap-

likely to contribute to atherosclerosis (page

11), diabetes (page 39),

including The

Program for Diet Exercise and The Pritikin Permanent Weight-Loss Manual. Both of these

Pritikin

Second, eating these

foods takes the place of more healthful foods.

For

many books,

outlined in

weight-loss program tiered for those

fat.

There are two reasons why Pritikin believed that

protein, fat,

is

Pritikin Pro-

books contain comprehensive explanations about

similar to any healthful diet

being low in refined carbohydrates (sugar) but high

bles,

The

versing a lifetime of bad habits.

example,

62)

disease, as well as the correlation

and good health.

diets

Many

been treated with high-fiber

were fed a

fiber-rich, unrefined

a period of four years.

spent only

20%

as

many

group.

fiber-rich

group re-

as often as the control

1

The

in the first

The

days in the hospital and

20%

quired surgery only

carbohydrate diet for

Another group of thirty-two

13

the program, cholesterol levels often drop

Crohn's

disease (page 34). In one study, thirty-two patients

did not eat the fiber-rich diet.

and

colon problems have

diets, including

in

Pri-

between high-fiber

correlation between high cholesterol

the risk of heart disease

documented

is

and

well documented. Also

dramatically, such as from 235 to 175 mg/dl (from 6.1

well

to 4.5 mmol/liter). Similarly, triglyceride levels can

lower cholesterol. Other sections in this book deal

drop from 174 to 130 mg/dl

more

The lifestyle

Pritikin

Program

(2.0 to 1.5 mmol/liter).

is

not a fad

diet;

it

is

modification program with the goal of

a

re-

is

the use of high-fiber diets to

extensively with the use of fiber (page 159) to

help resolve specific health problems, including high cholesterol

and diabetes.

PSORIASIS PSORIASIS

is

a

common disease

that produces silvery, scaly plaques

on the

skin.

A dermatologist should

be consulted to confirm the diagnosis

Dietary Changes That

May Be

Helpful

Alcohol appears to be a risk factor for psoriasis in

men

but not

women.

1

2

It

would be prudent

with psoriasis to drink moderately,

of psoriasis.

men

at all.

Anecdotal evidence suggests that people with psoriasis

112

if

for

may improve on

a hypoallergenic diet.

3

Conditions

One in

for

study reported that eliminating gluten (found

wheat, oats, rye, and barley

some

ful, a

people.

4

improved psoriasis

other treatments are unsuccess-

If

nutritionally oriented doctor can be consulted

Fumaric acid

ment form.

In

occasionally available in supple-

is

what chemists

an "esterified"

call

form, fumaric acid has been used successfully with psoriasis in

some

studies.

19

18

People interested in

to investigate food allergies or a sensitivity to gluten.

this

Nutrients That

Are There Any Side Effects

May Be

or Interactions?

Helpful

A Fish

EPA

acid in

1.8

page 160), which contains eicosapentaenoic

oil

has been reported to improve psoriasis

.

double-blind research." Typically, results require

grams of EPA per day taken

many supplements,

weeks. For

need to be taken

for at least eight

10 grams of fish

oil

provement of psoriasis symptoms takes two

months

A

amount

higher

was found after five

—

3.6

and

may be

it

improvement, 9 although

from using

re-

possible to apply fish

get significant results.

still

studies with oral fish oil

result

do not report

8

Some

significant

may

oil

raise

Some

of the

levels

of

triglycerides,

plements help overcome

this

problem

psoriasis taking these medications.

Activated vitamin

D

1.25 dihydroxycholecalciferol

D

in

people with

10

(page 219)

in several forms. In

form of vitamin

which

risk of heart disease. Fish oil sup-

might increase the

drug found

is

a prescription

one of these forms

well in some,

11

D

—

it is

D

is

and kid-

much more powerful

appear to be useful for people

Topical application has worked

12 13 14 15

vated vitamin

D may

replicate normally.

It

of activated vitamin

but not

all,

work by helping

makes sense

D

studies.

16

r

Acti-

skin cells

to discuss the use

with a dermatologist, prefer-

D

is

considerably more toxic than the form of vitamin

D

ably in topical form. Oral activated vitamin

available without prescription. Nonprescription vit-

amin

D is unlikely to help treat psoriasis.

Conditions

clotting), gastrointestinal upset,

and "fishy" burps.

Patients with sarcoidosis or hyperparathyroid-

D

ism should not take vitamin

without consulting a

physician. People taking cod liver oil can take too if

they also add vitamin

D

supple-

reason to take

is little

—

more than 400 IU per day a very safe adult dose. Too much vitamin D significantly more than 1,000

—

IU per day for long periods of time

—can

ultimately

lead to headaches, weight loss, kidney stones, and in rare cases deafness, blindness,

Be

and even death.

May

Helpful

Cayenne (page 246) contains substance lieves

known

a resinous

and pungent

as capsaicin. This chemical re-

pain and itching by acting on sensory nerves.

neurotransmitters from these nerves, leading to their depletion.

identical to the

than the nonprescription vitamin D. Several forms of activated vitamin

(because of reduced blood

Capsaicin temporarily stimulates release of various

produced by the liver

neys. Activated vitamin

with psoriasis.

DHA include nose bleeds

Herbs That

serve another benefit.

blood

EPA and

vate blood sugar levels. Side effects from

containing other essential

oils

drugs used to treat psoriasis (etretinate and acetretin,

fish

since a high intake has been reported to ele-

apparent failure might

this

fatty acids as a placebo.

Fish

oil daily,

more than 3—4 grams of

ments. For most people, there

symptoms by 50%

months of supplementation. Limited

topically

before long-term use of

much, particularly

grams of EPA per day

to reduce psoriasis

search suggests that oil

to three

evident. 6

become

to

nutritionally oriented doctor should be consulted

in order to achieve the necessary 1.8

grams of EPA. Some researchers report that im-

treatment should talk with a dermatologist.

Creams containing 0.025-0.075% capThere may be

saicin are generally used.

sensation for the plied, but this

first several

washed

burning is

ap-

should gradually decrease with each

The hands must be

use.

a

times the cream

carefully

and thoroughly

after use, or gloves should be

worn, to pre-

vent the cream from accidentally reaching the eyes, nose, or

mouth and causing

a burning sensation.

not apply the cream to areas of broken skin. ture of cayenne can be used in the

ml three times

is

tinc-

amount of 0.3-1

daily.

In traditional herbal texts,

root

A

Do

burdock (page 239)

described as a blood purifier or alterative. 20

Burdock root was believed to of toxins.

It

was used both

clear the

internally

bloodstream

and externally

113

for psoriasis. Traditional herbalists

ml of burdock root tincture per

recommend 2-4 For the dried

day.

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions?

root preparation in tablet or capsule form, the com-

Besides causing a mild burning for the

mon amount to take is 1-2 grams three times per day. Many herbal preparations will combine bur-

plications (or severe burning

dock root with other

alterative herbs, such as yellow

dock, red clover, or cleavers.

factor in psoriasis, which

290) seeds, which

why milk

is

promote normal

can be beneficial. Milk

liver

an herbal extract of milk

tract standardized to

70-80%

According to research and

Once

that occurs, intake

is

made

mg

amount may

also be

who

prefer,

used for preventive purposes. For those

eaten or

im-

about eight weeks.

often reduced to 280

of silymarin per day. This lower

12-15 grams of milk

thistle ex-

silymarin content.

in

thistle seeds

can be ground and

into a tea. is

sometimes

used by psoriasis sufferers, since maintaining nor-

mal bowel health

is

important for managing psoria-

Psyllium acts as a bulk-forming laxative to

sis.

cleanse the bowel and encourage normal elimination.

Many

people take 7.5 grams of the seeds or 5

mg of the husks one to two times per day, with water or juice. intake

It is

burdock root

important to maintain adequate

fluid

when using psyllium.

is

generally safe; however,

may

pregnancy.

Milk

thistle extract is virtually

side effects

and may be used by

sons, including pregnant

a

and lactating women. Since

silymarin stimulates liver and gallbladder activity,

may

individuals. This will usually cease within

recommended amounts

in

erally safe. People with chronic constipation

is

to

gen-

should

seek the advise of a health care professional. Side fects,

ef-

such as allergic skin and respiratory reactions

to psyllium dust, have largely been limited to people

working

in plants

manufacturing psyllium products.

Sarsaparilla can cause nausea

and kidney dam-

age. Large doses for long periods of time are to be

avoided. Since sarsaparilla can increase absorption

Excessively high doses of bitter

beneficial as

taken in divided doses. Tincture

is

used

in the

of 3 ml three times per day.

melon (page 235)

guanylate cyclase, which

two

three days.

and/or elimination of digitalis and bismuth, such

may be

vide at least 9 grams of the dried root per day, usu-

Bitter

it

have a mild, transient laxative effect in some

anti-inflammatory. Capsules or tablets should pro-

amount

devoid of any

wide range of per-

combinations are contraindicated. 21

ally

stimulate the

uterus and should be used with caution during

an

Sarsaparilla (page 305)

aller-

application should be to

in large quantities

Using psyllium

Psyllium (page 299) husk powder

first

Use of burdock root

in the

clinical experience,

provement should be noted

so the

a very small area of skin.

amount of 420 mg of silymarin per day from capsules, tablets, or

it,

function,

can be taken

thistle

gic reaction to

some people may have an

(page

thistle

accidentally placed

if

from use of cayenne cream. As with anything

applied to the skin,

"Sluggish" liver function can be a contributing

few ap-

such as the eyes), there are no side

in sensitive areas

effects

first

may

melon

juice

can

cause abdominal pain and diarrhea. Small children or anyone with hypoglycemia should not take bitter

melon, since

this

herb could theoretically trigger or

enzyme

worsen low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Further-

benefit people with

more, diabetics taking hypoglycemic drugs (such as

inhibits the

psoriasis.

chlorpropamide, glyburide, or phenformin) or

in-

melon only under medical

su-

sulin should use bitter

pervision, as

it

may

potentiate the effectiveness of

the drugs, leading to severe hypoglycemia.

Checklist for Psoriasis Nutritional Fish

oil

(EPA/DHA), Vitamin D,

Fumaric acid

114

Supplements

Homeopathic Remedies

Herbs Cayenne, Burdock, Milk thistle, Psyllium, Sarsaparilla, Bitter

melon

No homeopathy commonly used for this condition

Conditions

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS Dietary Changes That

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA)

is

a chronic

May Be

Helpful

inflammatory conautoimmune

Fat can trigger

reactions. 1 People with

dition of the joints believed to be

RA may

caused by autoimmunity (wherein

tremely low-fat diets have been reported to help people with

the

immune system

itself).

attacks the

body

more

eat

RA, 3 and

particularly animal fat.

fat,

Ex-

very low-fat, pure vegetarian diets

have also proved helpful. 4

weeks of

2

5

one

In

fourteen

trial,

a gluten-free (no wheat, rye, or barley) pure

vegetarian diet, gradually changed to a lactovegetarian diet (permitting dairy), led to significant im-

provement

in

symptoms and

objective laboratory

measures of disease. 6

Max Warm-

In the 1950s through the 1970s,

brand, a naturopathic doctor, used a very low-fat diet for those with

both rheumatoid

He recommended

teoarthritis.

dairy, chemicals, sugar, eggs,

Dr.

Warmbrand claimed

months (ten

and

arthritis

os-

a diet free of meat,

and processed

foods.'

that his diet took at least six

to achieve noticeable results; a short-term

week) study with a similar approach Solanine

is

a substance

found

failed.

in so-called night-

shade plants: tomatoes, white potatoes, except black pepper, and eggplant.

can be

in the intestine, solanine

8

If

all

peppers

not destroyed

toxic.

A

survey of

people eliminating nightshade plants from their diets

28% had a "marked positive response" and another 44% had a "positive response." 9 Results revealed that

often take six months, the elimination of tomatoes

and peppers can be very

difficult,

and many people often re-

are simply not helped. Therefore, this diet

is

served for severe cases of arthritis which

do not

re-

spond to other natural treatments.

Rheumatoid lergies

and

arthritis

sensitivities.

made worse when

10

may be linked to food alIn many people, RA is

they eat foods to which they are

allergic or sensitive,

and they

avoiding these foods.

11

12 13 14

are

made

English researchers

suggest that one-third of people with trol the disease

tion.

Conditions

15

better by

RA

can con-

completely through allergy elimina-

Finding and eliminating foods that trigger

115

symptoms should be done with

the help of a nutri-

tently effective

combination of copper and

tionally oriented physician.

A

available.

Although exercise may increase pain

RA. 16

17

initially,

Many

omega-3 gentle

DHA, help relieve symptoms of RA.

The

effect results

of fish

oil.

stretching, or walking.

Rheumatoid

help in

E

which 18

turn depletes the joints of vitamin

A

double-blind report (using approximately 800 IU

(page 220).

E per day) found that vitamin E may many symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. 19

re-

RA may

be

of vitamin

Research suggests that people with

Those with

ness, disability,

RA have less morning stiff-

and pain when they take 2,000

pantothenic acid per day. 21

Many

in 10

Many

grams of

RA

because

glandin El, which

matory

effect.

significant

grams of

is

it

known

mg of

However, some

Double-blind research has reported

per day.

in

38

morning

Borage

studies have found zinc helpful, not.

It

might help only those there

is

ciency,

RA.

altered in 22

although

has been suggested that zinc

who

are deficient. 25

no universally accepted

Although

test for zinc defi-

some doctors check white blood

cell

RA

zinc

oil

and black cur-

trials

have not found

EPO

EPO

helpful.

The

relationship of copper (page 151) to

RA

is

complex. Copper acts as an anti-inflammatory, be-

can be successfully combined to help people

with RA. 42 Preliminary research suggests that boron (page

research on this

3-9

mg per day may be ben-

is

RA. 43 However, more

needed.

The DL-form of phenylalanine (page 194), or DLPA, has been used to treat chronic pain, including rheumatoid arthritis, with mixed effectiveness. 44 Some doctors of natural medicine suggest that individuals with arthritis may benefit from cartilage ing,

an enzyme that protects joints from inflammation.

RA

People with

The Journal of

tend toward copper deficiency.

the

26

American Medical Association

and many experts question the use of

lack-

is

cartilage

in this regard.

Many

needed to activate superoxide dismutase,

it is

41

and

fish oil

(page 147); however, well-designed research

levels.

cause

stiffness using 6

Double-blind research has shown that

nutritionally ori-

is

EPO, may

to have an anti-inflam-

eficial, particularly in juvenile

most have

com-

partially converts to prosta-

improvement

EPO

(page 158), or

oil

lower amounts such as 1,000 mg) to people with RA.

23 24

grams

is

fish oil. Positive results

142) supplementation at

Some

3

This amount

ented doctors suggest vitamin B5 (sometimes in

Zinc (page 224) metabolism

recommend

doctors

activ-

rant seed oil are thought to have similar benefits. 3940

partially deficient in pantothenic acid (page 193), or

vitamin B5.

EPA

313233343536

from the anti-inflammatory

Evening primrose

Helpful

arthritis causes inflamed joints,

20

that

can take three months to become evident.

in

lieve

37

EPA and DHA.

per day of

monly found

May Be

shown

have

trials

fatty acids in fish oil (page 160), called

doctors

Nutrients That

not readily

is

and

ity

recommend swimming,

aspirin),

(a

amount of copper might be

reasonable

mg per day. Many double-blind

1-3

Lifestyle Changes That May Be Helpful exercises help people with

form of copper, copper aspirinate

individuals

with rheumatoid

arthritis

have low levels of histidine (page 167); taking dine supplements improves arthritis

some of

histi-

symptoms

in

these individuals.

quoted one researcher as saying that while "regular aspirin

6%

had

[cortisone]

.

.

.

the anti-inflammatory activity of

copper [added to aspirin] had 130%

the activity." 27

compounds have been used

RA,

28

and a single-blind

trial

suc-

results.

However, under certain circumstances,

copper might actually increase inflammation

rheumatoid

116

joints.

30

grams per day) can cause diarrhea. Zinc intake

using

"copper bracelets" reported surprisingly effective 29

or Interactions? Very large amounts of pantothenic acid (several

Several copper cessfully with

Are There Any Side Effects

in

Moreover, the most consis-

pair

immune

in excess of

300

causes problems

up

to 3

im-

function. People with Wilson's disease

should never take copper. The

zinc,

mg per day may

is

level at

which copper

unclear, but in combination with

mg per day is considered quite safe.

Side

Conditions

DHA

from EPA and

effects

nose

in fish oil include

bleeds (because of reduced blood clotting), gastro-

and "fishy" burps.

intestinal upset,

Amounts

mg

found that 3 of estrogen

may is

per day resulted in small increases

levels.

This

a concern, since estrogen

is

increase the risk of several cancers. Until

mg per day. The maximum amount of

lim-

D-phenylalanine that

unknown, but nerve damage has not been

is

reported with 1,500

mg per day

or less of D-phenyl-

alanine. D-phenylalanine has occasionally caused

mild side

effects,

headaches

sient

such as nausea, heartburn, or tran-

amounts.

in smaller

There are no side

effects reported

is

A topically applied cream con-

applied to the affected joints three to five times a

day.

A tincture of cayenne can be used in the amount

of 0.3-1 ml three times

Yucca (page 324), is

daily.

a popular traditional remedy,

a desert plant that contains soap-like

components

grams of the

as saponins. Yucca tea (7 or 8

root boiled in a pint of water for fifteen minutes) often drunk for

symptom

relief three to five

is

times

per day.

Burdock (page 239) root has been used both internally and externally to

torically

with the use of

his-

treat

inflammatory and analgesic actions. However,

it is

important to note that recent studies do not support devil's

Herbs That

May

claw as a treatment for

content of horsetail (page 281) nective tissue strengthening

Helpful

from the Indian system of Ayurvedic medicine,

toid arthritis.

has been investigated for

its

effects

on

arthritis.

A

study using boswellia found a beneficial effect on

Boswellia

is

safe

and

silicon

said to exert a con-

antiarthritic action.

which may be helpful

properties,

stiffness,

The

arthritis. is

Sarsaparilla (page 305) has anti-inflammatory

Boswellia (page 238), a traditional herbal remedy

pain,

cause a burning feeling,

painful joints. Devil's claw (page 253) has anti-

histidine.

Be

initially

with each application and soon disap-

will lessen

known

1

safe

may

taining 0.025-0.075% of capsaicin (the active agent)

more

known, supplemental boron intake should be

ited to

is

However, one study

toxicity.

it

this

pear for most people.

of boron found in supplements have

not been linked with

Although

and

improved

function.

joint

and showed no negative

45

effects in

The herb has a unique anti-inflammatory much like the conventional nonsteroidal

rheuma-

for

White willow (page 318) has

inflammatory and pain-relieving

anti-

Although

effects.

the analgesic actions of willow are typically slowacting,

they

last

longer

than

standard

aspirin

products.

the study. action,

anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) used by for

many

inflammatory conditions. But unlike NSAIDs,

long-term use of boswellia does not lead to

mg

of

gum

The

active principle

is

a yellow spice that

is

brightly colored curry dishes. is

when used

as directed;

rare side effects can include diarrhea, skin rash,

symptoms from

and

gallstones

There may be a short-lived burning sensation

curcumin, a potent anti-

ravages of free radicals (page

mg

generally safe

should avoid turmeric.

inflammatory, which protects the body against the

400

is

resin extract in capsules or

Turmeric (page 314)

make

Boswellia

nausea. Persons with

tablets three times per day.

often used to

or Interactions?

Many people take

tion or ulceration of the stomach.

400-800

irrita-

Are There Any Side Effects

8).

46

Many people

take

of curcumin in capsules or tablets three

following

initial

hands should be washed

Ginger (page 267) has been used

in

Ayurvedic

after applying the

The

cream, to

avoid getting any in the eyes or mouth, where

it

can

cause burning. Yucca tea can cause loose stools in

some people;

if it

does, simply reduce the amount.

Use of burdock root burdock root

times per day.

application of cayenne cream.

is

generally safe; however,

in large quantities

may

stimulate the

uterus and should be used with caution during preg-

medicine as an anti-inflammatory.

nancy. Since devil's claw promotes stomach acid,

cream made from small amounts of hot cayenne (page 246) peppers, when rubbed onto

anyone with gastric or duodenal ulcers should not

A

arthritic joints,

can help

relieve pain.

47

It

does

this

by depleting the nerves of certain neurotransmitters.

Conditions

use the herb.

Horsetail

is

generally considered safe for non-

pregnant adults. The only concern would be that the

117

corre.: -:::.^ tre is

erf

horseta.il

alkaloids

and

is

a

well-known livestock

p

:

son.

Sarsapanlla can cause nausea and kidney damage

Long-term use of white willow may possibly

used; Ijuisetumpalus-

is

another species of horsetail that contains toxic

Large

long periods of time are to be

c jses lor

digitalis

and hismurr..

combinations are contraind:.

As

.stro intestinal irritation.

the case with

is

aspinn. willow should not be used to lower feve

who

children. People

are allergic to aspirin should

avoid white willow.

ny inflammatory joint condition should

-orption

avoided. Since sarsapariua can

and or elimination oi

_

closely

monitored

by

one

nutritionally

a

physician.

Checklist for Rheumatoid Arthritis Supplements

Nutritional Vitamin E S

E,

Pantothenic acid (vitamin

Zinc, Copper, Fish

Evening primrose

oil,

oil

(EPADHA),

Herbs

Homeopathic Remedies

Boswellia, Turmeric, Ginc-

r

Cayenne, Yucca, Burdock,

Boron,

"

6c

."

:

z

Jta :

Sarsaparilla,

;-

=

.

=veo4ens -

Devil's claw. Horsetail,

DL-phenylalanine DDUP

E

:

-

ze

:.=

White willow

Cartilage, Histidine

R

ICKETS Ric kets

CHILDREN WITH RICKETS have abnormal bone formation suiting

also 1m

c

D

impair absorption of vitamin even wbc

rnents are c

:

from inadequate calcium

c

I

—

in

bones. This lack of

calcium can result from inadequate

appropn-

in the

enough vitamin needed

or from not eating

D

for

page 219

—

a nu-

calcium absorption. of

dietarv calcium.

vitamin

D

and calcium. Proper diagnosis must be

skmaL

Dietary Changes That

May Be

Helpful

Dietary changes should on/

medical

pre

be

considered

termined that the cause

is

i

likely

ir.

d

who

the

18

a

simple nutritional defiis

more

follows a pure vegetarian diet

does not include vitamin skin

if

and de-

r^sional has diagnosed

ciency Ri doets caused by a simple de:

1

::

mc variations of

v

sunshir

make vitamin D

trient

D

in

j not respond well to supplementation with

Health can :>sure to

and or calcium.

and kidney function. Damage

either organ can cause rickets

gp1

ndirions that

consumed

ition of vitamin

quires normal liver

:

D

and who has dark

and or lack of sunlight expos

amount of vitamin

hkh

reduces

D made in the Conditions

The few foods

that contain vitamin

D

egg yolks, butter, vitamin D-fortified milk, oil,

breast milk,

breast milk

and infant formula.

and formula, calcium

is

include

and

tofu. Pure vegetarians

oriented doctor, depending on the age, weight, and

In addition to

condition of the child. For prevention of rickets, 400

found

may

in dairy

use supple-

ments instead of eggs and dairy as sources

for

both

calcium and vitamin D.

IU of vitamin

D

formation

mg until six months of age 600 mg from six to twelve months 800 mg from one year through age five 800-1,200 mg from age six until age ten

400

•

ultraviolet light that

is

blocked by clothing.

during the winter

latitude, sunlight

may not provide enough ultraviolet light to help body make vitamin D. At other times during

D

made.

or Interactions? Individuals with sarcoidosis, hyperparathyroidism,

the

amount of vitamin

ally lead to large increases in the

Are There Any Side Effects

the

30 minutes of exposure per day will usu-

year, even

or with chronic kidney disease should not supple-

ment with calcium.

In addition, individuals with a

history of kidney stones should use calcium suppleIf it is difficult

to get sunlight exposure,

ments

full-spectrum lighting can be used to stimulate vita-

min

cautiously. For other adults, 1,200-1,500

per day of calcium

D production.

Patients

with

Nutrients That

May Be

sarcoidosis

D

if

adult dose. Excessive vitamin

a medical professional has di-

agnosed rickets and has also determined that the cause

is

a nutritional deficiency.

D

hyperparathy-

without consult-

reason to take more than 400 IU per day

and calcium supplements should be used

to treat rickets only

or

ing a physician. For most people, there

Helpful

Amounts needed

to

cantly

—can

loss,

D

more than 1,000 IU per day

of time

—

is

little

a very safe

intake

—

signifi-

for long periods

ultimately lead to headaches, weight

and kidney

blindness,

mg

safe.

is

roidism should not take vitamin

Vitamin

rickets

calcium intake per day to prevent rickets are

•

Depending on

considered reasonable.

The National Institutes of Health in the United States has recommended that useful amounts of

•

triggers vitamin

is

caused by a lack of dietary vitamin D.

•

Sun exposure, required by the body to make vitamin D, must involve at least some direct exposure to skin

The

per day

the following:

Lifestyle Changes That May Be Helpful

etc.).

D

Doctors often suggest 1,600 IU for treating

total

(hands, face, arms,

should be determined by a nutritionally

fish liver

products, sardines, canned salmon, green leafy vegetables,

treat rickets

stones;

and

in rare cases deafness,

and death.

Checklist for Rickets Nutritional

Supplements

Calcium, Vitamin

D

No herbs commonly used this condition

Conditions

Homeopathic Remedies

Herbs for

No homeopathy commonly used for this condition

119

INARY TRACT INFECTION

U

Dietary Changes That

URINARY TRACT INFEC-

May Be

TIONS

Drinking cranberry page 249) juice can be helpful

(UTIs) are infections of the

Helpful in

the prevention of urinary tract infections. 1 Cran-

kidney, bladder,

and urethra. They

are generally triggered by bacteria

and are more

common with

any par-

berry inhibits E. coli (the bacteria that causes most

urinary tract infections) from attaching to the walls of the bladder. 2 However, cranberry

is

not a substi-

tute for antibiotics in the treatment of acute urinary tial

blockage of the urinary

some people, UTIs tend

tract. In

to recur.

tract infections.

Many

people have trouble tolerating the large

amounts of unsweetened cranberry

more per

ml or

day) needed to treat UTIs. Concentrated

cranberry extracts

Many

juice (50

in

now

capsules are

people take 400

mg

available.

of these supplements

twice per day.

Sugar impairs the destroy bacteria.

mune

system,

4

3

ability of

white blood

cells to

Alcohol also suppresses the im-

while reducing dietary fat stimulates

immunity' For these reasons, many doctors recom-

mend

reduced intake of sugar, alcohol, and

a

fat

during times of infection. People

who

have recurrent or chronic infections

should discuss with a nutritionally oriented doctor the possible role of allergies. Chronic infections have

been linked to fying and

lems

may

allergies in

many

reports. 6

8 9

Identi-

eliminating the foods that trigger probhelp reduce the

number of

infections.

Nutrients That

May Be C

Vitamin

Helpful

(page 217) stimulates the

by helping to fight viruses feron.

11

Vitamin

C

10

and increasing

C

A

is

high intake of

not well tolerated by the bacteria

sponsible for UTIs.

12

at least 5,000

mg

re-

Consequently, some doctors of

natural medicine suggest that people with

120

in-

tends to increase the acidity of the urine;

acidic urine

amounts

inter-

can be particularly helpful for

fections affecting the urinary tract.

vitamin

immune system

of vitamin

C

UTIs take

per day. Lower

are unlikely to significantly acidify urine.

Conditions

Vitamin

many

of

risk

A

(page 209) deficiency increases the infections.

Although much of the

promising research with vitamin infections has focused

loid that prevents

A

on measles,

doctors of natural medicine

A

vitamin

recommend

enseal and other plants containing berberine (such as

is

Some

also thought to be helpful in other infections.

may

enzymes (page

Oregon grape) may help

in the

treatment of recur-

rent urinary tract infections.

Many

that people

with urinary tract infections take vitamin A. Proteolytic

inhibiting bacteria from

adhering to the wall of the urinary bladder. 16 Gold-

supplements and 13

UTIs by

people take 250-500

mg

of standardized

goldenseal root extracts in capsules or tablets con-

156), primarily bro14

taining

10%

berberine three times per day.

The

gold-

One

enseal root capsules, tablets, or tinctures that are not

double-blind study reported that reduction of symp-

standardized can be used in amounts of 3—4 grams

melain,

toms was excellent subjects

good

symptoms of UTI.

alleviate

— meaning

in

22% and good

in

that every patient

78%

had

each day. Goldenseal

of the

The

immune system requires many nutrifunction properly, many people take a mul-

vitamin/mineral

blocks

people

187)

immune system

ensure that the it

(page

immune systems and number of infections. 15

in the

for

one

in

100-250

mg of

tablets three times per day.

may account

or Interactions?

tract infection.

amounts of vitamin C

more than

C

per day.

(greater than 1,000

or Interactions?

mg)

151) should also be supplemented, in order to pre-

or lactating

vent copper deficiency.

Women who are, or could

be-

than 10,000 IU (3,500 meg) per day of vitamin A. safely take as

much

as 25,000

IU

(7,500 meg) per day of vitamin A.

Herbs That

Be

is

not recommended for use

in

pregnant

women. Long-term use of uva ursi is not recommended, and some people may experience mild nausea after taking it. Uva ursi should not be used by pregnant or lactating women. Due to potential damage to the kidneys, juniper should never be taken for more than six weeks continuously. Anyone with serious kidney diseases or

come, pregnant should not supplement with more Other adults can

may lower uric acid levels, which why juniper helps cases of urinary it

Are There Any Side Effects

If

Goldenseal

a few weeks,

for

Some

as a

little

copper (page

are taken for

Many

arbutin in herbal extract capsules or

evidence suggests

large

as treatment for UTIs.

widely

17

Juniper (page 282) increases urine volume.

individuals develop diarrhea after as

is

people take 5 ml of tincture three times per day or

year

have an overall

few thousand milligrams of vitamin

ursi (page 315)

in turn kills bacteria. It is

Europe

Are There Any Side Effects Some

uva

converted into another chemical, called hy-

accepted

has the building

supplements

such

is

droquinone, which

supplement to

strengthen their

drop

butin

needs. Research shows that healthy elderly

using

active constituent in

arbutin. In the alkaline environment of the urine, ar-

Since the

tiple

not a substitute for antibiotic

treatment during an acute urinary tract infection.

at least

results after taking this nutrient.

ents to

is

taking diuretic drugs should not take juniper. Preg-

May

nant

Helpful

women

should avoid juniper, as

it

may cause

uterine contractions.

reputed to help treat

many

Goldenseal (page 270)

is

types of infections.

contains berberine, an alka-

It

Checklist for Urinary Tract Infection Herbs

Homeopathic Remedies

Vitamin C, Vitamin A, Proteolytic

Cranberry, Goldenseal, Oregon

Cantharis 30c, Sepia 30c, Belladonna

enzymes, Multiple vitamin/mineral

grape,

Nutritional

Conditions

Supplements

Uva

ursi,

Juniper

6c, Staphysagria

1

2c,

Nux vomica 6c

121

VITILIGO Nutrients That VITILIGO

is

a disorder of skin

pigmentation characterized by pro-

May Be A clinical ments

gressively

mented

widening areas of depig-

(very white) skin.

phenomenon

is

The

report describes the use of vitamin supple-

in the

treatment of

163) and/or vitamin

vitiligo.

associated with the

produce melanin pigment to

B12 (page 216) and vitamin

mg

of folic acid (1-10

affects

the world's population.

1-4%

of

C

fif-

C

per day), along with

gram per day) and intramuscular vitamin B12 injections (1,000 meg every two weeks),

vitamin

(1

produced marked repigmentation It

Folic acid (page

teen people studied. Supplementation with high levels

darken the skin.

2

(page 217) were abnormally low in most of the

local destruction of melanocytes, the cells that

Helpful

in eight people,

occurring gradually over a period of

Supplementation

1

amino acid Lmay have value when com-

with

phenylalanine (page 194)

many months.

the

bined with ultraviolet (UVA) radiation therapy. Several

clinical

clinical

trials,

including

one

double-blind

indicate that L-phenylalanine at or

trial,

mg per kilogram body weight (about 3,500 mg per day for a 150-pound increases the effectiveness of UVA radiation

lower than about 50 per day

person)

promoting

in

repigmentation.

L-phenylalanine

alone also produced a more modest repigmentation in

some

people. 3 Another study of vitiligo in chil-

dren reported that L-phenylalanine plus

UVA

effective treatment in the majority of children.

One

early

report

describes

the

was

4

presence

of

achlorhydria (lack of stomach digestive acid) in the

stomachs of

vitiligo sufferers

and the use of

dilute

hydrochloric acid (HC1), or betaine hydrochloride (page 139), with success in treatment.

HC1 was

given

with meals over prolonged periods; repigmentation

took a year or more. 5

Another early report describes the use of (page 192), or para-aminobenzoic acid that

is

commonly

B-complex (page 210)

100

mg

PABA

in

PABA and

a variety of

tailored to the individual patients resulted

repigmentation of areas affected by

many

122

family. Persistent use of

three or four times per day along

with an injectable form of

hormones

a factor

associated with the vitamins of

the

of

—

PABA

cases.

vitiligo in

6

Conditions

Are There Any Side Effects

sugar, rash, fever,

or Interactions?

age.

Folic acid

is

remarkably

safe;

however,

folic acid

sup-

plements can mask the symptoms of vitamin B12

A

and (on rare occasions)

liver

dam-

nutritionally oriented physician should be

consulted

taking more than 400

if

mg

PABA

of

per day.

which could lead to permanent neurologdamage. Although this problem is rare, folic

deficiency, ical

acid and vitamin

B12 should always be taken toVitamin B12 supplements are not associated

gether.

with side

Some

effects.

after as little as a

min the

C

individuals develop diarrhea

few thousand milligrams of

per day. High levels of vitamin

body of copper (page

C

vita-

can deplete

acids can cause nerve

amount

but nerve

mg

less

amounts

mild side

effects,

are

is

safe

is

alen drugs

1,500

with

such as nausea, heartburn, or tran-

If

it

vitiligo.

work

cells

should be immediately

mg of khellin per day.

Another herb that may prove useful is St.

John's wort (page 312).

8

As with

creases the response of the skin to sunlight.

have confirmed the use of

St.

grain tablets or capsules. However, people should

not take more than 10 grains (650 mg) of

HCl

with-

side effects such as nausea

fair skin

physician. All people with gastrointestinal symp-

light

and other sources of

—should

as 8

see a nutri-

tanning beds.

it

and insomnia.

wort makes the skin more with

can cause St.

light-sensitive.

John's

Persons

should avoid exposure to strong sun-

It is

ultraviolet light, such as

also advisable to avoid foods like

red wine, cheese, yeast, and pickled herring.

HCl.

serious side effects have been reported with

mg of PABA

No stud-

Are There Any Side Effects

out the recommendation of a nutritionally oriented

300-400

in-

condition to date.

Khellin must be used with caution, as

No

it

John's wort for this

the

tionally oriented doctor before taking

for vitiligo

khella,

or Interactions?

particularly heartburn

like psor-

a burning sen-

The normal stomach produces about same amount of HCl as is found in twenty 10-

—

Khellin,

(melanocytes) to sunlight. Studies

discontinued.

toms

7

stimulates repigmentation of the skin

have used 120-160

ies

can burn the lining of the stomach.

—

so far the

is

containing

occasionally associated

HCl

visnaga)

only herb found to be useful in

of L-phenylalanine, although

experienced,

(Ammi

unknown,

Large amounts of betaine hydrochloride (HCl)

is

extract from khella

by increasing sensitivity of remaining pigment-

sient headaches.

sation

An

Helpful

maximum

damage has not been reported with

per day or

lesser

damage. The

of L-phenylalanine that

Be

May

the active constituent, appears to

151).

Ingestion of very large quantities of individual

amino

Herbs That

per day. Larger amounts (such

grams per day or more) can cause low blood

John's wort should not be used at the prescription antidepressants.

St.

same time

St.

as

John's wort should

not be used during pregnancy or lactation.

Checklist for Vitiligo Nutritional

Supplements

Folic acid, Vitamin B12, Vitamin C,

L-phenylalanine, Betaine hydrochloride,

Homeopathic Remedies

Herbs Khella, St.

John's wort

No homeopathy commonly used for this condition

PABA, Vitamin B-complex

Conditions

123

WEIGHT LOSS AND OBESITY Dietary Changes That

ABOUT ONE-THIRD U.S.

population

is

of the

May Be

Helpful

overweight. BeSocieties that eat very

cause excess body weight cated in

many

is

impli-

Reducing

obesity.

different diseases,

including heart disease, diabetes

have virtually no

fat

little

fat in the diet is

component of weight

Foods with a high

loss efforts.

proportion of calories from

an important

fat,

which should be

eliminated or limited in the diet, include red meat,

(page 39), several cancers, and gallstones (page 55),

it

seems prudent

poultry skins and dark meat, fried food, butter,

margarine, cheese, milk (except skim milk), junk

and most processed food. Vegetable

food,

to maintain a healthy

should also be restricted. So should nuts, seeds, and

—and

avocados (although these foods are healthy for

Unfortunately, losing weight

keeping

it

off

most people.

—

who

people is

oils

body weight.

very difficult for

have no weight problem). Instead, the

diet should be based

on

whole

fruits, vegetables,

and nonfat dairy (and low-fat fish for non-

grains,

vegetarians).

Eating more fiber (page 159) can be an important

component

to weight maintenance. Fiber

people up, so they eat uble fibers

found

work

plement.

some

studies find that sol-

While soluble

best.

beans and

in

less;

fruit,

Glucomannan

it is

1

fills

fiber

can be

also available as a sup-

and psyllium (page 299)

contain soluble fiber and have been reported to help

weight loss efforts

in

some

studies.

Some

add 10 or more grams per day to the

Watch Out for Yo-Yo People

who go on and

that the

number of

gets less

and

is

less

diet.

Dieting

off diets frequently

complain

calories that result in weight gain

with each weight fluctuation. There

now clear evidence

that the

body

use of calories after each diet.

comes

researchers

easier to gain weight

2

gets stingier in

This means

and harder to

it

lose

next time. Therefore, a person should not

it

its

be-

the

make

changes until they are ready to stick with them. Otherwise, they are better off not dieting first

124

in the

place.

Conditions

Lifestyle Changes That May Be Helpful Although exercise alone may not proaches,

usually

it

helps.

An

dietary ap-

remains

It

unclear

whether exercise merely increases the burning of calories or whether the exerciser continues to burn

more

calories after the exercise

is

populations

tiveness of

result in signifi-

when combined with

cant weight loss,

human

needed to determine the

is

effec-

HCA as a weight loss aid.

altered

form of the sugar molecule, pyruvate

(page 200) might aid weight loss efforts. 17

A

clinical

found that pyruvate supplements, compared to

trial

placebo, enhance weight loss and also result in a greater reduction of

consuming

body

a low-fat diet.

fat in

18

overweight adults

Animal

studies suggest

that pyruvate leads to weight loss by increasing the

completed. 3

resting metabolic rate.

19

Spirulina (page 205), or blue-green algae, rich source of protein, vitamins, minerals,

Nutrients That

May Be

sential fatty acids.

Helpful

One

double-blind

trial

is

and

a

es-

of sixteen

overweight individuals reports that 2.8 grams of spirulina taken three times per day for a four-week

When When

people this

diet, their caloric intake

happens,

it

drops sharply

becomes increasingly

difficult

recommended amounts of many

to eat the

weight-loss programs advocate taking a multiple

(page 150) plays an es-

metabolism of carbohydrates and

fats as well as in the

loss.

20

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions?

vitamin/mineral (page 187) supplement.

sential role in the

weight

vita-

mins and minerals. Therefore, proponents of most

The mineral chromium

period results in a small, but statistically significant

production of insulin. Chrom-

Supplemental intake (typically 50-300 of

chromium has not been

any toxicity

in

meg

per day)

linked consistently with

humans. One study suggested that

people has not confirmed chromium

chromium could cause mutagenic damage, 21 based on very high doses of chromium in ovarian cells of hamsters. 22 This risk, however, has not been demonstrated in humans. The potential side effects of HCA are not known; more research is needed in this area. There are no side effects reported with spirulina.

picolinate to have a significant effect in altering

However, since spirulina can accumulate heavy met-

body composition. 7

als

ium,

in a

form called chromium

studied for sition.

picolinate, has been

potential role in altering

its

body compo-

Although preliminary research

and humans 5

6

in

animals 4

suggested that chromium picolinate

increases fat loss

up research

in

and lean muscle

(-)Hydroxycitric acid

(HCA)

tissue gain, follow-

(page 168), a fruit

extract taken from the rind of the Garcinia gia fruit

grown

in

Southeast Asia, has a chemical

composition similar to in

citric acid (the

oranges and other citrus

search, based

8 9

fruits).

Preliminary

HCA has been demonstrated in the labotrials

with people) to

reduce the conversion of carbohydrates into stored 10 n Anifat by inhibiting certain enzyme processes.

mal research indicates that and induces weight found that eating

HCA

1

loss.

HCA suppresses appetite

12 13 14 15

gram of

One

case report

the fruit containing

before each meal resulted in the loss of 1 pound per day 16 However, much more research in

Conditions

mercury, and cadmium.

23

lead,

There are a few reports of

allergic reactions to spirulina.

re-

HCA may be a useful weight-

ratory (but not yet in clinical

from such areas can increase the body's load of

primary acid

on laboratory experiments and animal

research, suggests that loss aid.

cambo-

from contaminated water, consuming spirulina

Herbs That

Be

May

Helpful

The herb guarana (page (which related

these

is

273) contains guaranine

nearly identical to caffeine) and the closely

alkaloids

theobromine and theophylline;

compounds may curb

weight

appetite

loss. Caffeine's effects

guaranine) are well

and increase

(and hence those of

known and

include stimulating

the central nervous system, increasing metabolic rate,

and producing a mild

diuretic effect. 24

Many

125

may

doctors of natural medicine do not advocate using

use

caffeine or caffeine-like substances to reduce weight.

ease,

Ephedra (page 259), commonly known huang,

is

a diuretic

ulant. Studies

show

combined with ever,

many

as

ma

cause decreased

and

several

fertility,

cardiovascular dis-

forms of cancer according to

demiological studies of caffeine use.

Ephedra has

and central nervous system stim-

a long history of safe use at the

that ephedra, particularly

when

recommended amount. However, abuse of

promotes weight

How-

drug

caffeine,

loss.

epi-

—

especially for weight loss

—can

lead to

the

am-

phetamine-like side effects, including elevated blood

nutritionally oriented doctors discourage

muscle

insomnia,

dry

the use of ephedra as a weight loss aid because of the

pressure,

many

mouth, heart palpitations, nervousness, and even

side effects that can occur with

cially since

many

when ephedra

is

use, espe-

its

death due to heart

of the side effects are intensified

combined with

caffeine.

2526

disturbances,

failure.

Anyone with high blood tions, diabetes,

pressure, heart condi-

glaucoma, or thyroid disease and

Are There Any Side Effects

those

or Interactions?

should consult with a physician before using any

As with any caffeinated product, guarana may cause

type of product with ephedra. Ephedra-based prod-

Guarana should be

hyperactivity

avoided during pregnancy and

lactation.

MAO-inhibiting

antidepressants

ucts should be avoided during pregnancy

insomnia, trembling, anxiety, palpitations, urinary frequency, and

taking

tion

Long-term

and used with caution

in children

and

lacta-

under the age

of six vears.

Checklist for Weight Loss and Obesity Nutritional

Supplements

Fiber, Multiple vitamin/mineral,

Homeopathic Remedies

Herbs Chromium,

Hydroxycitric acid (HCA), Pyruvate,

Psyllium, Guarana,

No homeopathy commonly used

Ephedra

for this condition

Spirulina

WILSON'S DISEASE Dietary Changes That WILSON'S DISEASE

is

a ge-

netic disorder that results in excessive

accumulation of copper (page 151) in

May Be

Helpful

Most foods contain

at least

some copper,

so

it is

not

possible to avoid the metal completely. Foods high in

copper, such as organ meats and oysters, should be

many parts

of the body.

If left

un-

treated, this condition can be fatal,

eliminated from the diet.

high in copper but are quite nutritious

legumes)

but fortunately

it is

readily treatable.

Some foods

—

are relatively (e.g.,

nuts and

these foods should be eaten in modera-

tion by people with Wilson's disease. Grains contain

amounts of copper but are important components of a healthful diet, and dietary restricsignificant

126

Conditions

tion if

may

zinc

be neither wise nor necessary, particularly

supplemented.

is

same

level successfully

treated Wilson's disease.

Zinc

known

is

(480 mg) its ability

patients with Wilson's disease, 1 with

up

zinc a "remarkably effective

from

some

successfully treated with prescription

amount of 50 mg taken

three

times per day has been used for this type of mainte-

nance therapy,

5

plementation; this increase

is

has been reported after zinc sup-

however, leading researchers believe

temporary and not harmful. 9

Are There Any Side Effects

4

in the

much

and nontoxic therapy

3

rising in people with Wilson's disease

Zinc

liver 8

trials

who had been drugs.

too

Nonetheless, zinc does not help

copper in the in

Zinc has also been used to keep normal copper levels

who took

disease

to reduce

to seven years. 2 Researchers have called

for Wilson's disease."

zinc.

7

everyone with Wilson's disease. Sometimes increased for

copper absorption and has been used successfully

lasting

have un-

so effective in lessening the body's burden

someone with Wilson's

Helpful

Zinc (page 224)

who

of copper that a copper deficiency was reported in

Nutrients That

May Be

is

with people 6

although some researchers use the

or Interactions? Zinc intake

in excess of

300

mg per

day may impair

immune

function.

search

contradictory, patients with Alzheimer's

is

Although the preliminary

re-

disease should avoid zinc supplementation until further studies clarify the role of zinc in this disease.

Checklist for Wilson's Disease Nutritional

Supplements

Homeopathic Remedies

Herbs No herbs commonly used

Zinc

No homeopathy commonly used

for

for this condition

this condition

YEAS! INFECTION The hallmark symptom of

YEAST INFECTIONS of the most

yeast infection

are

one

common reasons that

women consult health care professionals. Yeast infections result

from

genitalia,

is

which

vaginitis

itching of the external is

caused by a

and internal

often associated with a white dis-

charge that can be thick, curdy, or

like

cottage

cheese. Severe infections lead to inflammation of the tissue

and subsequent redness,

swelling,

and even

pinpoint bleeding.

an overgrowth of a species of fungus called

Candida

albicans.

Dietary Changes That

May Be A

Helpful

well-balanced diet low in

fats,

carbohydrates, and refined foods

Conditions

is

sugars, simple

important for

127

A

Boric acid capsules inserted in the vagina have

high-sugar diet encourages the overgrowth of the

been used to treat yeast vaginitis with great success.

preventing vaginal infections caused by Candida.

Candida organisms.

Women who

1

have a yeast infec-

one study of 100

In

who were

women

with chronic yeast

tion (or are predisposed to such infections) should

vaginitis

limit their intake of refined sugar, fruits, fruit juices,

over-the-counter or prescription antifungal medi-

refined carbohydrates,

and alcohol.

98%

cines,

not successfully treated with any

women

of the

successfully treated their

infections with boric acid capsules inserted into the

Lifestyle Changes That May Be Helpful Yeast infections are three times

vagina twice per day for two to four weeks. 8

Are There Any Side Effects

more common

or Interactions? in

nylon underwear or tights than

There are no known contraindications to the use

those wearing cotton underwear. 2 Additional pre-

of Lactobacillus acidophilus. Boric acid capsules

disposing factors for Candida infection include the

should not be used intravaginally during pregnancy.

women who wear

use of antibiotics, oral contraceptives, and steroids.

Underlying health conditions that may predispose someone to Candida overgrowth include preg-

nancy (page

HIV

107), diabetes (page 39) mellitus,

infection. Allergies have

recurrent yeast vaginitis.

and

been reported to cause

When

the allergens are

Herbs That

Be tions.

a

between partners

is

not

some women with

useful for

recurring yeast infections are resolved. 3 In cases, sexual transmission

Helpful

Topical use of diluted tea tree (page 313)

avoided and the allergies treated, often the chronic

most

May

It

oil).

may

be

vaginal yeast infec-

can be used as a diluted douche or as part of

coconut oil-based suppository (with 9

oil

2%

tea tree

For more serious or persistent infections of the

considered an issue in yeast infection. However, in

cervix or vagina, however, a health care professional

extremely

should be consulted. Concentrations of tea tree

persistent

sexual

cases,

transmission

should be considered, with the partner being exam-

as strong as

ined and treated.

nal douche.

40% may

oil

be used with caution as a vagi-

may

Internal use of garlic (page 265)

inhibit the

Nutrients That

growth of yeast organisms and increase resistance to

May Be

yeast infections. Garlic exerts antibacterial, antivi-

Helpful

Lactobacillus acidophilus (page 135) are friendly bacteria that are an integral part of flora.

Lactobacilli

help to

normal vaginal

maintain the vaginal

ecosystem by preventing the overgrowth of unfriendly bacteria lactic acid,

and antifungal/antiyeast

ral,

and Candida. Lactobacilli produce

which acts

like a natural antibiotic

competes with other organisms

and

for the utilization of

hibits the

Lactobacillus acidophilus can be taken orally in 4

the form of acidophilus yogurt, oral capsules, der, or intravaginally.

Many women

pow-

find relief using

10

Garlic in-

growth of Candida albicans, the organism

most widely responsible

for intestinal, vaginal,

oral yeast infections. Garlic also

and

shows long-term

benefit in the treatment of recurrent yeast infections.

For

women

clove of

with no aversion to the odor, one whole

raw

garlic

can be chewed

daily.

Otherwise,

odor-controlled, enteric-coated tablets standardized for allicin content

glucose.

activity.

mg

can be taken

per day (providing 5,000

preferable to divide this into

in the

meg

amount of 900

of

allicin). It is

two equal doses.

2-4 ml may be taken three times

ture of

A tinc-

daily.

For

an acidophilus yogurt douche daily for a few days

health maintenance, one-half of the therapeutic

or several weeks, depending on the severity of the

dose

infection.

5

is

adequate.

Another herb recommended

Three capsules of acidophilus or one-

for yeast infections

This South American

quarter teaspoon of the powder can be taken one to

is

three times daily. Lactobacillus can also be taken

herb's active constituents have powerful antiyeast

preventively during antibiotic use to reduce the risk

actions.

of Candida vaginitis.

128

6 7

pau d'arco (page 11

296).

However, they are also somewhat

and the amounts needed to

kill

off yeast

toxic,

and other

Conditions

microorganisms are not available

in

most herbal

supplements. is

also important

with recurrent yeast infections. While echinacea (page is

tions,

it

not a substitute for antimicrobial medicais

an excellent supportive tool

with recurring infections. "sluggish"

persons

properties,

Support of the immune system

255)

burn and flatulence. Because of

Its ability

immune system makes

for persons

taking

anticoagulant

Those scheduled surgeon are

if

garlic.

for surgery should inform their

they are taking garlic supplements. There

no known contraindications

during pregnancy and lactation.

an excellent

High doses of lapachol, the

women with recurrent vaginal yeast inOne study showed a 43% drop in recurrence rate in yeast infections with women using echinacea. 12

drugs

should check with their doctor before taking

to stimulate a it

garlic's anticlotting

to the use of garlic

active ingredient in

choice for

pau

d'arco, can cause uncontrolled bleeding, nau-

fections.

sea,

and vomiting. 13 Use of the whole bark

safer than isolated lapachol; the

known

Are There Any Side Effects Tea

tree oil

to areas affected by rashes.

ing sensation

if

it

other tender areas.

The

oil

can cause a burn-

gets into eyes, nose,

Some women

mouth, or

have allergic reac-

orally.

is

when taken

essentially nontoxic

People should not take echinacea without

consulting a physician illness,

whole bark has no

avoid use of pau d'arco.

Echinacea

should not be applied to broken skin or

if

autoimmune

they have an

such as lupus, or other progressive diseases,

such as tuberculosis or multiple sclerosis. Those

when applying tea tree oil. For this reason, only a small amount should be applied when first using it. The oil should

echinacea with caution. There are no

never be taken internally.

nancy or lactation.

tions, including rashes

and

itching,

much

serious side effects. Pregnant or lactating

women should

or Interactions?

is

who

are allergic to flowers of the daisy family should take

known

con-

traindications to the use of echinacea during preg-

Most people enjoy garlic; however, some individuals who are sensitive to it may experience heart-

Checklist for Yeast Infection Nutritional

Supplements

Homeopathic Remedies

Herbs Tea tree

Acidophilus, Boric acid

Pau

oil,

Garlic,

Pulsatilla 6c, Kali

d'arco, Echinacea

bichromicum

6c,

Sulfur 6c

YELLOW NAIL SYNDROME PEOPLE WITH

yellow nail syn-

drome have thickened

nails

with

yel-

low or greenish discoloration, often

accompanied by stunted growth and swelling of the ankles and sometimes

other parts of the body.

Nutrients That

May Be

Helpful

Vitamin E (page 220) has been used successfully with people

who

have yellow nail syndrome.

topical use of the vitamin

is

helpful,

4

1

2 3

Although

taking vitamin

E supplements is much easier and less messy. A typical amount is 800 IU per day, with results beginning to appear after several months.

Conditions

129

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? Vitamin E toxicity

is

widely considered to be

very rare. Supplements are safe.

Checklist for Yellow Nail Nutritional Vitamin E

Supplements

Syndrome

No herbs commonly used this condition

130

Homeopathic Remedies

Herbs for

No homeopathy commonly used for this condition

Conditions

PART TWO

SUPPLEMENTS

EPA

160

135

Ergocalciferol

219

220

Evening Primrose Oil (and Other Sources

Acidophilus (Probiotics and )

Fructo-Oligosacchan des

Alpha Tocopherol

Amino Acids

137, 154, 166, 167, 177, 181, 186, 190,

194,206,207 Arginine

BCAAs

(Branched-Chain

Amino Acids)

Beta-Carotene

of Fat

Gamma Linolenic Acid)

158

Enzyme

178

Fiber

159

137

Fish Oil

160

138

Flavonoids

140

209

Flaxseed Oil

162

Folate

163

Betaine Hydrochloride (Hydrochloric Acid) 139 Bioflavonoids

140

Folic Acid

163

Biotin

141

Gamma Oryzanol

164

Black Currant Seed Oil

158

Gastric Acid

139

Blue-Green Algae

205

Genistein

204

Borage Oil

158

GLA

158

Boron

142

Glucosamine Sulfate

165

Branched-Chain Amino Acids

138

Glucose Tolerance Factor (GTF)

150

Brewer's Yeast

143

Glutamine

166

Bromelain

156

Grape Seed Extract

199

Calciferol

219

Hesperidin

140

Calcium

144

Histidine

167

Carnitine (L-Carnitine)

146

Hydroxycitric Acid

168

Carotene

209

Inosine

169

179,180

Inositol

170

Carotenoids Cartilage

147

Inositol Hexaniacinate

213

Chlorophyll

148

Iodine

171

Choline

176

Ionized Air

172

Chondroitin Sulfate

149

Iron

173

Chromium

150

Isoflavone

204

Citrus Bioflavonoids

140

Isoleucine

138

Cod

160

Kelp

174

Coenzyme Q10

152

Lactase

175

Copper

151

Lactobacillus

135

Creatine (Creatine Monohydrate)

153

Lecithin/Phosphatidyl Choline/Choline

176

Cysteine

154

Leucine

177

Daidzein

204

Lignan

162

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

155

Linseed Oil

162

DHA

160

Lipase

178

156 175, 178

Lutein

179

Lycopene

180

Liver Oil

Enzymes Enzymes, Proteolytic

132

156

Nutritional

Supplements

Lysine

181

Pycnogenol

199

Magnesium

182

Pyruvate

200

Manganese

183

Quercetin

201

Medium Chain Triglycerides

184

Resveratrol

202

Melatonin

185

Retinol

209

Methionine

186

Rutin

140

Milk Sugar Enzyme

175

Selenium

203

Multiple Vitamin/Mineral

187

Soy

204

NAC

189

Spirulina

205

N- Acetyl Cysteine

189

Stomach Acid

139

Nicotinamide

213

Taurine

206

OPC

199

Tyrosine

207

Ornithine

190

Ubiquinone

152

Ornithine Alpha-Ketoglutarate

191

Valine

138

PABA

192

Vanadium

208

Pancreatin

156

Vitamin

Pantothene

193

Vitamin B-Complex

210

Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5)

193

Vitamin Bl (Thiamin)

211

Papain

156

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)

212

PCO

199

Vitamin B3 (Niacin, Niacinamide)

213

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)

214

194

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)

216

Phosphatidyl Choline

176

Vitamin

C

(Ascorbic Acid)

217

Phosphatidylserine

196

Vitamin

D (Cholecalciferol)

219

Potassium

197

Vitamin E (Tocopherol)

Pregnenolone

198

Vitamin

Proanthocyanidins

199

Whey Protein

223

Zinc

224

(Paraaminobenzoic Acid)

Phenylalanine (L-Phenylalanine and

DL-Phenylalanine, DLPA)

204, 223

Proteins

Nutritional

Supplements

A and Beta-Carotene

K

(Phylloquinone)

209

220 222

133

According

nutrition

to

experts,

Western diet contains too much

average

fat

and too

The combination of low

fiber (page 159).

little

the

and high refined carbohydrates and

fiber

fat contributes

to an increased risk of heart disease, cancer,

and

that the average Western diet

linked to poor health.

A

good

is

not ideal,

de-

if

prived of iodine, people can develop goiters; and

if

deprived of chromium, they can develop blood

sugar problems. People today do not eat the same quantities of

dia-

betes (page 39). Even conventional medical authorities believe

lems and have an increased risk of cancer;

quality food their ancestors ate (and in general,

do

much work). For example, if people reamount of beta-carotene (page 209) avail-

not do as

diet

should

quire the

and vegetables, whole

grains,

legumes, nuts and seeds, and (for nonvegetarians)

two pounds of carotene-containing food but now only eat two single carrots, then they are get-

nonfat dairy products and

ting less than optimal

since

it is

consist of fresh fruits

fish.

able in

amounts of beta-carotene.

People do not eat the same foods their great-

grandparents

ate,

and these dietary changes might

affect nutrient requirements.

Europe or Asia

available in

New

Some foods were not

until the discovery of the

World. Before 1492, there were no potatoes in

no tomatoes

Ireland,

in Italy,

and no eggplant or

green peppers in England. All these foods are

World

crops.

Other foods, such as

rice

New

and soy (page

new to Europeans. phenomena is that modern

204), are also relatively

Another recent

Why Take

Nutritional

Supplements? Some

health experts claim that vitamin or mineral

supplements are unnecessary

one eats a balanced,

if

healthful diet. Furthermore, the experts

argument often

who

state that people

take extra

amins or minerals

Ripening increases the nutrient content of the food,

and, at worst, endangering their health.

may be

so diets based on unripened foods

some

of today's foods are processed with extra

compared

ingredients ple

is

to food in the past.

a loaf of bread,

An exam-

which 100 years ago was pre-

do

exist,

effects

are alleviated

question

and

specific

sweetener to help the yeast

a

may

loaf of bread

rise.

Today, a

contain more than 100

in-

residues dures.

herbicides,

fungicides,

and chemical

from various packaging and cleaning proce-

These multiple ingredients may complicate

di-

gestion and increase the risk of allergic reaction. in-

Supplement the

vided

amounts

from the fungicides used by farmers. The from the

soil,

are

labels indicate

for each nutrient

supplement.

An example

may not be Finally,

it is

as 60

debated by

mg

per day) prevent scurvy,

the optimal

amount

for the body's

important to remember that supple-

ments should be used as additions to an already

ing habits.

used properly, there

If

as antidotes to years of is

poor

eat-

strong scientific

evidence that supplements optimize health. This

do not always need the same nutrients

as

people. For example, plants do not require selenium

(page 203), iodine (page 171), or if

chromium (page

people are deprived of

sele-

nium, they can develop certain heart muscle prob-

134

pro-

vitamin C. While small

with and increase the body's need for vitamin B6

150) to thrive. But

is

is

—not

Plants

more

recommended

These

healthful diet

(page 214).

for

what percentage of

absorbed by plants. Hydrazine compounds compete !

book

in this

for nutrients continue to be

amounts (such functions.

fungicides, along with nutrients

the

in

An example of

the hydrazine residues in foods

the dosage of the supplement in

recommended amount

it

is

when

supplement sections

creased the need for certain vitamins and minerals. this

caused by nutritional supplements

reduced or discontinued. Please read

is

scientists.

Certain additives to the food chain have

resulting

a

details.

gredients, including preservatives, coloring agents, insecticides,

—involving

but they are extremely rare. In most cases,

any side

pared with only wheat, water, butter, baker's yeast,

modern

cases of vitamin toxicity

handful of people taking extremely high dosages

nutrients.

Many

The few

lacking in

vit-

wasting their money

foods are generally picked before they are ripe.

are, at best,

making this

book has numerous examples of

this evidence.

This question of optimal nutrient

posed to "adequate"

levels, is at the

levels, as

op-

center of the

controversy regarding the necessity of nutritional

supplements.

Nutritional

Supplements

ACIDOPHILUS (PRQBIDTICS) AND

FRUCTQOLIGOSACCHARIDES Regular ingestion of probiotic bacteria may help

BENEFICIAL BACTERIA,

prevent vaginal yeast infection (page 127). 8

9

A

re-

view of the research concluded that both topical and

such as Lactobacillus acidophilus

oral use of acidophilus can prevent yeast infection

and Bifidobacterium bifidum,

are

caused by Candida overgrowth. 10

Diarrhea

called probiotics. Probiotic bacteria

(page

flushes

44)

intestinal

organisms out of the gastrointestinal

favorably alter the intestinal microflora balance, inhibit the

and increase

immune

to opportunistic infections.

supplements can help prevent new infections.

otic

good

The incidence

function,

resistance to infection.

body vulnerable

tract, leaving

Replenishing the beneficial bacteria with probi-

growth

of harmful bacteria, promote digestion, boost

the

micro-

of "traveler's diarrhea," caused by

pathogenic bacteria 1

in

drinking water or under-

cooked foods, can be reduced by the preventive use of probiotics. 11

Individuals with flourishing intestinal colonies of beneficial bacteria are

Probiotics are also important in recolonizing the intestine during

and

after antibiotic use. Probiotic

supplements replace the beneficial bacteria, preventbetter equipped to fight the

growth

of disease-causing bacterial

4

ing up to otic use.

50%

of infections occurring after antibi-

12

Probiotics also promote healthy digestion. En-

Acidophilus and bifidobacteria

maintain a healthy balance of

intesti-

nal flora by producing organic

compounds

—such

zymes secreted by probiotic bacteria aid digestion. Acidophilus

is

zyme needed

a source of lactase (page 175), the en-

to digest milk,

tose-intolerant individuals.

as lactic acid,

hydrogen peroxide, and acetic acid

bowel syndrome (page

81)

creased acidophilus intake.

which

is

lacking in lac-

13

Symptoms of irritable may be alleviated by in-

14

Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) are naturally oc-

that increase the acidity of the intestine

and

inhibit the reproduction of

many harmful bacteria. 5 6 Probiotic bacteria also produce substances called bacteriocins, which act

curring carbohydrates that cannot be digested or ab-

sorbed

by humans but

beneficial bacteria.

support the

growth of

15

Where Are They Found?

as natBeneficial bacteria present in fermented dairy foods,

ural antibiotics to

kill

microorganisms.

undesirable

namely

live

culture yogurt, have been used as a folk

remedy

for

hundreds

gurt

is

if

not thousands of years. Yo-

the traditional source of beneficial bacteria;

however, different brands of yogurt can vary greatly

Nutritional

Supplements

135

in their bacteria strain larly frozen) ria.

and potency. Some

yogurts do not contain any

Supplements

in

(particu-

live

bacte-

people using antibiotics, eating a poor fering

diet,

or suf-

from diarrhea.

powder, liquid extract, capsule,

or tablet form containing beneficial bacteria are a source of probiotics.

FOS

occur naturally

bananas, barley,

in

many

foods, such as

garlic, honey, onions,

wheat, and

tomatoes; however, nutritional supplements containing

FOS provide a more concentrated

source of these

How Much Should The amount of

I

Take?

probiotics necessary to replenish the

intestine varies by the extent of microbial depletion

and presence of harmful

many

bacteria. In general,

people find 1-2 billion colony forming units (CFUs)

compounds.

per day of acidophilus to be beneficial for the healthy maintenance of intestinal microflora.

In

What Conditions Might

Acidophilus (Probiotics) Be Supportive? •

Canker sores (mouth

•

Diarrhea (page 44)

•

Immune

•

Indigestion

•

Irritable

•

Lactose intolerance

•

Yeast infection (page 127)

ulcers) (page 21)

effects

with even large

in-

takes of probiotic bacteria.

bowel syndrome (page

81)

Are There Any Interactions with

Other Nutrients?

Deficient?

Acidophilus and bifidobacteria

more

likely to

have de-

pleted colonies of friendly bacteria. These include

136

of 8 grams per day.

Are There Any There are no reported side

strengthening (page 72)

Several groups of people are

amount

is

Side Effects?

Who Is Likely to Be

generally taken in the

FOS

may produce B

vita-

mins, including niacin, folic acid, biotin, and vita-

min B6.

Nutritional

Supplements

E

Where THE AMINO ACID ARGIhas several roles in the body,

I

such as assisting ensuring that

in

wound

ammonium from the

body, facilitating

immune function,

and promoting the secretion of

nine

sev-

hormones including glucagon,

insulin, is

and

fish are

good sources of

Nuts and chocolate also contain

amounts of

this

amino

significant

acid.

healing,

cells divide properly,

helping remove

eral

Dairy, meat, poultry, arginine.

N NE

Found?

Is It

and growth hormone. Argi-

also a precursor to nitric

oxide, which the body uses to keep

In

What Conditions Might

Arginine

Be Supportive?

•

Congestive heart failure (page 30)

•

Infertility (male) (page 77)

Who Be

Is

Likely to

Deficient?

Normally, the body makes enough arginine, even

when

the diet

is

lacking.

However, during times of

blood vessels dilated, allowing the

unusual stress (including infection, burns, and

heart to receive adequate oxygen.

jury), the

body may not be

able to keep

up with

in-

in-

creased requirements.

How Much Should

I

Take?

Most people do not need to take extra arginine. While many of those with serious infections, burns, or other trauma should take arginine, appropriate

doses must be determined by a doctor.

Of

those

who

supplement with arginine, most take a few grams per day.

Are There Any Side Effects? Arginine

is

remarkably

vast majority of people

free of side effects for the

who

take

it,

although some

doctors are concerned that increases in growth

hormone

triggered by arginine could overwork the

pancreas. Individuals with kidney or liver disease should

consult their nutritionally oriented doctor before

Nutritional

Supplements

137

supplementing with arginine. Individuals with her-

Are There Any

pes (either cold sores or genital herpes) should not

Interactions with

take arginine, because the virus. Large

both promote the

1

meaning of

it

can stimulate replication of

amounts of arginine and

interfere

this for

animals can

in

with cancer growth; 2

humans remains unknown.

Other Nutrients? Arginine works with ornithine (page 190) in the synthesis of

growth hormone.

BCAAs (BRANCHED-CHAIN

AMINO ACIDS) Where Are They Found? BRANCHED-CHAIN

AMINO ACIDS

Dairy and red meat contain the greatest amount of

(BCAAs)

BCAAs, although in-

containing foods.

clude leucine (page 177), isoleucine,

and

valine.

BCAAs are needed

for

they are present in

Whey

all

protein-

protein (page 223) and egg

BCAAs. amino acids

protein supplements are other sources of

BCAA

supplements provide the single

leucine, isoleucine,

and

valine.

the maintenance of muscle tissue;

they also are needed during times of physical stress and intense exercise.

Research shows that

What Conditions Might BCAAs Be Supportive? In

BCAA supple-

ments help those with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

(Lou Gehrig's

dis-

ease) maintain muscle strength.

1

In

•

Athletic performance (page 14)

•

Postsurgery recovery

Who

Is

Likely to

Be Deficient?

addition, individuals with liver disPeriods of physical stress, such as intense weight

ease (hepatic encephalopathy) benefit

of

from intravenous administration

BCAAs. 2

lifting

and long-distance running, can create

bolic state in

which muscle

tissue

these situations, supplemental leucine

and

its

broken down. In

BCAAs

—

particularly

derivatives ketoisocaproate (KIC)

hydroxymethylbutyrate in

is

(HMB)

—can

supplementation has not resulted 3

surgery,

performance.

BCAA

BCAA

meaningful

in

changes in body composition, nor does 4 5 6

and

be beneficial

reducing protein breakdown. Nonetheless,

exercise

a cata-

it

improve

During recovery from

supplements may reduce muscle loss

and speed muscle gain.

BCAAs may

also be useful to

anyone wanting to prevent muscle breakdown.

138

Nutritional

Supplements

How Much Should

I

Take?

A diet including animal protein provides an adequate amount of BCAA for most people. Athletes involved in intense training often take 5

grams of

valine,

grams of

Are There Any Interactions with

Other Nutrients?

leucine, 4

and 2 grams of isoleucine per day to

prevent muscle loss and increase muscle gain.

It

BCAAs

prudent to take

is

proteins, such as lean

vitamin/minerals

meat or

(page

along with whole

poultry,

187),

and multiple

especially

the

B-

complex (page 210) vitamins.

Are There Any Side Effects? Side effects have not been reported with the use of

BCAAs. A high

intake of

verted into other

amino

BCAAs

is

simply con-

acids or used as energy.

BETAINE HYDROCHLORIDE

(HYDROCHLORIC ACID) A

THE DIGESTIVE PROCESS takes place as food passes through

normal stomach's

level

cient to destroy bacteria.

patients

had

who had normal

virtually

1

In

of gastric acid

one

study,

and large

intestine.

One of

the

stomach, where gastric (stom-

ach) acid helps break

down proteins

stomach

levels, there

bacterial colonization of the stomach.

Where

Is It

Gastric acid

produced by the parietal

is

stomach. The acidity stomach.

for further digestion in the small

was

2

In

fact,

Found? is

the

cells

of the

quite strong in a normal

stomach can be between

100,000 and almost 1,000,000 times more acidic than water.

intestine.

A low level of gastric acid increases the likelihood certain bacterial

fasting

most

important parts of digestion occurs in the

some

suffi-

in the small intestine. In

those with low hydrochloric acid

the mouth, stomach, small intestine,

most

gastric acid in the

no bacteria

is

and

severity of

and parasitic

in-

What Conditions Might

In

Betaine Hydrochloride Be Supportive?

testinal infections. •

Allergy

•

Anemia Asthma (page

•

Nutritional

Supplements

9)

139

Atherosclerosis (page 11)

which

Diarrhea (page 44)

betaine

associated with heart disease. This form of

is

is

different

from betaine HC1.

Gallstones (page 55) Indigestion

Rheumatoid

Are There Any

arthritis (page 115)

Thyroid conditions

Side Effects?

Tic douloureaux Vitiligo (page 122)

Large amounts of

Yeast infection (page 127)

stomach.

HC1 can burn

a burning sensation

If

the lining of the

experienced,

is

HC1

should be immediately discontinued. The normal

Who

Is

stomach produces about the same amount of HC1

Likely to

as

Be Deficient? Some that

their adult patients

suffering

from

4 chronic health problems, such as allergies, 3 asthma,

and gallstones, 5 do not produce adequate amounts

Should Take? I

Betaine hydrochloride (HC1)

is

the

most

hydrochloric acid-containing supplement.

mally comes

in

tablets

HC1 without

the

with gastrointestinal symptoms

burn

—should

—

particularly heart-

see a nutritionally oriented doctor be-

HC1.

Are There Any Interactions with

nor-

Other Nutrients?

It

or capsules measured in

Some nutritionally oriented recommend taking one or more tablets or

recommenda-

tion of a nutritionally oriented physician. All people

common

grains or milligrams.

doctors

twenty 10-grain tablets or capsules.

grains (650 mg) of

fore taking

of stomach acid.

How Much

in

However, people should not take more than 10

nutritionally oriented physicians have found

most of

found

is

HCl

helps

more

make some minerals and other

absorbable.

6

8

nutrients

Aspirin-containing

com-

capsules, each 5-10 grains (325-650 mg), with a

pounds and other anti-inflammatory medicines,

meal that contains protein.

such as cortisone, can cause the stomach to bleed.

Occasionally, betaine

blood

levels of

is

recommended

a substance called

to reduce

homocysteine,

People taking such medicines should discontinue taking HCl.

BIOFLAVONOIDS Bioflavonoids block the "sorbitol pathway" that

BIOFLAVONOIDS

area

class of water-soluble plant pig-

linked to

many symptoms

also protect blood vessels

is

of diabetes. Bioflavonoids

and reduce

platelet aggre-

gation (acting as natural blood thinners).

ments. While they are not considered essential, they do support health as anti-inflammatory, anti-

As antioxidants, some

bioflavonoids, such as

quercetin (page 201), protect

LDL

oxidative damage. Others, such as the anthocyanidins from bilberry (page 234),

histaminic, and antiviral agents.

may

help protect the

lens of the eye

from

cataracts. Preliminary evidence

suggests that

some

bioflavonoids, such as narin-

genin,

140

cholesterol from

may have

anticancer

activity.

Nutritional

Supplements

Where Are They Found? Bioflavonoids are found in a wide range of foods. For

example, citrus flavonoids are found

(EGCG)

green tea (page 272), anthocyanidins in bilberry,

and naringenin

Peptic ulcer (page 103) (quercetin)

•

Retinopathy (bilberry)

•

Varicose veins (bilberry)

in citrus fruits,

rutin in buckwheat, epigallocatechin gallate in

•

in grapefruit. In addition,

OPCs, or

Who Is Likely to Be

Deficient?

oligomeric proanthocyanidins (page 199), are found in grape seeds

many foods,

and

skins,

and quercetin

is

found

in

Bioflavonoid deficiencies have not been reported.

including onions, tea, and apples.

How Much Should What Conditions

In

I

Take?

Although bioflavonoid supplements are not required

Might Bioflavonoids

to

Be Supportive?

healthy diet, doctors of natural medicine often rec-

•

prevent

ommend

Atherosclerosis (page 11) (quercetin,

deficiencies

mg of

1,000

in

individuals

eating

citrus bioflavonoids or

400

a

mg

of quercetin, each taken three times per day.

bilberry)

Are There Any

•

Bruising (bilberry)

•

Cataracts (page 24) (quercetin, bilberry)

•

Circulation (bilberry)

Side Effects?

•

Diabetes (page 39) (quercetin, bilberry)

No

•

Gingivitis (page 56)

flavonoids.

•

Glaucoma (page 58)

•

Hay fever

(rutin)

consistent toxicity has been linked to the bio-

The exception

cianidanol, which

is

is

for a bioflavonoid called

not found in supplements.

(page 59) (quercetin, hesperidin,

rutin)

Are There Any

•

High

•

Injury (sprains, strains)

•

Macular degeneration (page 85) (bilberry)

•

Menopause

•

Menorrhagia (heavy menstruation)

The bioflavonoids help

(page 89)

bioflavonoids, in particular, improve the absorption

•

cholesterol (page 62) (quercetin)

(page 87) (hesperidin)

Night blindness (page 95)

BIOTIN,

Interactions with

(bilberry)

a water-soluble

B

vitamin, acts as a coenzyme during the metabolism of protein,

and carbohydrates.

fats,

Other Nutrients? of vitamin C. 1

2

Where

Is It

Good

protect vitamin C; the citrus

Found?

dietary sources of biotin include organ meats,

oatmeal, egg yolk, soy (page 204), mushrooms, bananas, peanuts, and nutritional yeast. Bacteria in the intestine

which

is

produce significant amounts of

biotin,

probably available for absorption and use

by the body.

Nutritional

Supplements

141

What

Conditions Might Biotin Be Supportive? In

with intestinal production, appears to be adequate for preventing deficiency

symptoms. The

adequate range of intake for biotin

amounts of

safe

and

30—100 meg

is

mg

for

Brittle nails

adults. Larger

•

Cradle cap

may be

•

Diabetes page 39

glucose levels and preventing diabetic neuropathy 2

•

Biotin in the

Who

per day)

amount of

2.5

mg per day

3

strengthened

the fingernails of two-thirds of the individuals with

Likely to

Is

biotin (8—16

supportive for diabetics by lowering blood

brittle nails,

according to one clinical

trial.

4

Be Deficient? A

biotin deficiency

suming

a diet

someone

low

is

very rare, even in those con-

B vitamin. However,

in this

eats large quantities of

if

raw egg whites,

Are There Any Side Effects?

a

biotin deficiency can develop, because a protein in

As a water-soluble vitamin, excess intake of biotin

the raw egg white inhibits the absorption of biotin.

excreted in the urine; no toxicity

Cooked eggs do not

been reported.

present this problem. Long-

is

symptoms have

term antibiotic use can interfere with biotin production

in

the

deficiency

page 36

.

intestine

and increase the

symptoms, such

risk

of

as dermatitis, depression

hair loss, anemia,

and nausea. Long-term

may

use of antiseizure medications

also lead to bi-

Are There Any Interactions with

Other Nutrients?

otin deficiency.

Biotin works with the other

How Much

Should Take?

The ideal intake of biotin amount of biotin found

acid

B vitamins, such

as folic

page 163), pantothenic acid, also known as

vi-

I

is

in

unknown; however most

diets,

the

combined

tamin B5 (page

Symptoms

193),

and vitamin B12 (page 216).

of pantothenic acid or zinc (page 224)

deficiency are lessened with biotin.^

BORON BORON

Where

Is It

Raisins, prunes,

absorption of calcium (page 144),

Fruit

magnesium page

boron.

182),

and phos-

phorus as well as control urinary loss of these minerals.

to use energy

The

and to think may also

details are poorly understood.

and almonds are excellent sources.

other than citrus) and vegetables also contain

What

Conditions Might Boron Be Supportive? In

ability

•

Osteoarthritis (page 97)

•

Osteoporosis (page 100)

•

Rheumatoid

depend somewhat on boron, but

142

Found?

appears to increase

arthritis (page 115)

Nutritional

Supplements

Who Is Likely to Be

per day resulted in an increase of estrogen

This

Deficient?

unknown, but people who eat little fruit and few vegetables are likely to consume less than optimal amounts of boron.

This

is

How Much Should Experts have suggested

1

I

mg per day of

with

toxicity.

may

more

doctors of natural medicine

recommend

is

2

increase the

risk of several cancers. Until

known, some that sup-

plemental boron intake should be limited to a maxi-

mum of 1 mg per day.

Are There Any

boron. 1

Interactions with

Other Nutrients? Boron appears

Side Effects? in

a concern, because estrogen

Take?

Are There Any Amounts found

is

levels.

to conserve the body's use of cal-

cium, magnesium, and phosphorus.

supplements have not been linked

However, one study found that 3

mg

BREWER'S YEAST Where BREWER'S YEAST

is

the

Is It

Found?

Brewer's yeast, which has a very bitter taste,

is

recov-

ered after being used in the beer-brewing process.

dried, pulverized cells of Saccha-

romyces It is

cerevisiae, a type of fungus.

a rich source of the

B-complex

Brewer's yeast can also be grown specifically for harvest as a nutritional supplement. "Debittered" yeast is

also available,

though most yeast sold

food stores not tasting bitter

vitamins, protein (providing essential als,

amino

particularly

acids),

all

the

yeast

—

particularly

if

found

is

in health

not real brewer's

in bulk.

and miner-

chromium. Brewer's

What Conditions

In

yeast should not be confused with

Might Brewer's Yeast

baker's yeast, nutritional yeast, or

Be Supportive?

torula yeast, which are low in

chromium.

•

Diabetes (page 39)

•

Diarrhea (page 44)

•

High

Who Be

cholesterol (page 62)

Is

Likely to

Deficient?

Brewer's yeast

is

not an essential nutrient, but

it

can be used as a source of B-complex (page 210)

Nutritional

Supplements

143

vitamins and protein.

chromium (page

It is

by far the best source of

150), both in terms of quantity

and

bioavailability.

Are There Any Side Effects? Side effects have not been reported from the use of

How Much

Should Take? I

brewer's yeast.

It is

not related to the Candida albi-

cans fungus, which causes yeast infection (page 127). Brewer's yeast

often taken as a

is

powder or

as

tablets or capsules, three times per day. High-quality

brewer's yeast

powder or

meg of chromium recommend brewer's

60

flakes contain as

per tablespoon.

much

When

as

doctors

yeast, they will often suggest

Some

individuals have an allergy to brewer's yeast.

People

with

severely

impaired

should not supplement with

immune systems

live

or unsterilized

brewer's yeast, because in such cases the brewer's yeast itself might lead to infection. 1

1-2 tablespoons of this high-potency bulk product.

Remember,

if

it

is

real brewer's yeast

not

bitter,

it

not likely to be

is

and therefore

will not contain

chromium.

Where CALCIUM

is

mineral in the

human

two

to three

the

most abundant body.

Of

99%

is

needed to form bones and

teeth

and

is

also required for blood

clotting, transmission of signals in

nerve

cells,

comes from

dairy.

Other good

sources include sardines, canned salmon, green leafy

the

located in the bones and teeth. Calis

dietary calcium

Found?

and

vegetables,

tofu.

pounds of calcium con-

tained in the average body,

cium

Most

Is It

and muscle contraction.

The importance of calcium venting osteoporosis

most well-known

is

What

Conditions Might Calcium Be Supportive? In

•

Gingivitis (periodontal disease) (page 56)

•

High

•

Hypertension (high blood pressure) (page 67)

•

Kidney stones (page

•

Migraine headaches (page 91)

•

Osteoporosis (page 100)

•

Pregnancy (page 107)

•

Premenstrual syndrome (page 109)

•

Rickets (page 118)

cholesterol (page 62)

83)

for pre-

probably

its

role.

Who Be

Is

Likely to

Deficient?

Severe deficiency of both calcium and vitamin

(page 219)

is

called rickets (page 118) in children

D

and

osteomalacia in adults. Vegans (pure vegetarians),

144

Nutritional

Supplements

who

people with dark skin, those climates,

and people who

live in

northern

stay indoors almost all the

time are likely to be vitamin

D

deficient.

often eat less calcium and vitamin

D

Vegans

than others.

creased absorption compared to the calcium car-

bonate form. 2 However, calcium carbonate least as bioavailable as the

is

at

calcium found in milk. 3

Other studies indicate that calcium absorption from

Most people eat well below the recommended amount of calcium. This lack of dietary calcium is

several different

bonate,

acetate,

thought to contribute to the risk of osteoporosis,

forms,

not significantly different from one to an-

and Asian women.

particularly in white

other.

is

4 5

supplement forms, including carlactate,

gluconate,

and

citrate

Although the best form of calcium contin-

ues to be debated by researchers, they generally

How Much Should

I

Take?

The National Academy of Sciences has established new guidelines for calcium, which are 25-50% higher than previous recommendations. For ages nineteen to

be 1,000

fifty,

mg

calcium intake

is

recommended

to

agree that

it is

best to take calcium supplements as

part of a meal.

Are There Any Side Effects?

daily; for adults over age fifty-one, the

recommendation

is

1,200

mg

daily.

The most com-

mon supplemental amount for adults is mg per day. General recommendations 1

People with sarcoidosis, hyperparathyroidism, or

with chronic kidney disease should not supplement

800-1,000 with calcium without consulting a nutritionally orifor higher

ented physician. People intakes (1,200-1,500 mg) usually include the several

hundred milligrams of calcium most people con-

have had kidney stones

should read the section on kidney stones (page 83) before

sume from

who

supplementation.

considering

For

other

their diets.

adults, the highest dose ever suggested by nutritionally oriented

Which Form of Calcium

mental calcium present.

A

greater percentage of

Interactions with

Other Nutrients? D

Vitamin

needed to achieve the desired calcium intake. For

Therefore,

in-

stance, in the calcium carbonate form, calcium ac-

of the

form provides

compound, while

24%

the calcium

form of calcium citrate/malate (CCM) has

Nutritional

Supplements

ommend

is

needed for calcium to be absorbed.

many

nutritionally oriented doctors rec-

that those supplementing with calcium

supplement with 400 IU of vitamin

also

Calcium competes

elemental calcium.

Absorption of supplemental calcium also differs among calcium forms. Research shows that calcium in the

is

Are There Any

elemental calcium means that fewer tablets will be

citrate

per day)

Best?

Is

may contain one of several different forms of calcium. One difference between the various calcium compounds is the percentage of ele-

40%

mg

considered quite safe.

Dietary supplements

counts for

doctors (1,200-1,500

in-

D

per day.

for absorption with a

num-

when taking calfew weeks, it makes sense to

ber of other minerals. Therefore,

cium

for

more than

a

take a multimineral supplement.

145

Where L-CARNITINE

is

made

body from the amino acids

in the

It is

from

fat.

who

have a limited

in-

take of meat and dairy products tend to have lower carnitine intakes.

needed to release energy

When

ment with in

Dairy and red meat contain the greatest amounts of carnitine. Therefore, people

lysine

(page 181) and methionine (page 186).

Found?

Is It

individuals supple-

carnitine while engaging

What

Conditions Might Carnitine Be Supportive? In

an exercise regimen, research

shows that they are

less likely to ex-

perience muscle soreness.

1

•

Angina pectoris

•

Athletic performance (page 14)

•

Congestive heart failure (page 30)

•

Diabetes (page 39)

•

High cholesterol (page

•

Hypertriglyceridemia (high triglycerides)

62)

(page 69) (page 77)

Infertility (male)

•

Who

Is

Likely to

Be Deficient? Carnitine deficiencies are rare, even in ians,

strict vegetar-

because the body produces carnitine relatively

easily.

Rare genetic diseases can cause a carnitine

defi-

ciency. Also, deficiencies are occasionally associated

with other diseases, such as diabetes (page 39) and cirrhosis.

2 3

A

carnitine deficiency can also result

from oxygen deprivation, as can occur conditions. In failure, heart

Italy,

carnitine

is

in

some heart

prescribed for heart

arrhythmias, angina pectoris, and lack

of oxygen to the heart. 4

How Much

Should Take? I

Most people do not need

carnitine supplements.

For therapeutic use, typical amounts are 1-3 grams per day.

146

Nutritional

Supplements

Are There Any

Are There Any

Side Effects?

Interactions with

L-carnitine has not been consistently linked with

Other Nutrients?

any toxicity symptoms.

The body needs

lysine, methionine,

vitamin

217), iron (page 173), niacin (page 213),

B6 (page 214)

to

C

(page

and vitamin

produce carnitine.

CARTHAGE Where CARTILAGE,

derived from shark

and bovine (cow) sources,

is

mu-

What Conditions

In

and collagen.

Be Supportive?

Early research in the 1950s and 1960s,

using chips of bovine cartilage in-

•

Osteoarthritis (page 97)

•

Rheumatoid

•

Wound healing

serted into wounds, demonstrated

ing.

1

2

wound

regulating

its

potential role in

immune function

arthritis (page 115)

heal-

Since then, cartilage has been

investigated for

derived from either sharks or cows.

Might Cartilage

copolysaccharides, protein sub-

that cartilage enhances

is

Found?

a type of

connective tissue comprised of

stances, calcium, sulfur,

Cartilage

Is It

(page 72)

3 and stopping the growth of tumors.

Who Is Likely to Be Since

Deficient? it is

not an essential nutrient, cartilage

associated with deficiency states. gest that individuals with cancer

The role of shark cartilage in inhibiting angiogenesis (the growth of

new

cartilage supplements;

search

is

lacking,

5 6

vessels)

is

hypothesized to be

beneficial in halting the

may

benefit

from

however, well-designed

re-

and many experts question the use

of cartilage in this regard.

blood

A

not

is

few studies sug-

with the use of cartilage

A

similar situation

with

in individuals

is

seen

arthritis.

growth and

4 spread of cancer; however, this

mains to be proven by research.

re-

How Much Should Anyone who

is

I

Take?

interested in taking bovine or shark

cartilage supplements should consult a nutritionally

oriented doctor for advice.

Nutritional

Supplements

147

Are There Any

who want

Side Effects? who should

to be or are pregnant, nursing mothers,

anyone having or having had surgery within

Researchers have suggested that there might be

people

women

cluding those with cardiovascular disease,

some

not use cartilage supplement,

in-

days, and athletes training intensely.

None

thirty

of these

contraindications has been proven, however.

CHLOROPHYLL Where CHLOROPHYLL,

Good

the sub

Is It

Found?

dietary sources of chlorophyll include dark

green leafy vegetables, algae, spirulina (page 205),

stance responsible for the green chlorella,

color in plants, has been used to

ameliorate bad breath as well as to

reduce the odors of urine, feces, and

wounds. Chlorophyll has

anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and

wound-healing properties.

tablet,

and

Conditions Might Chlorophyll Be Supportive?

was

formation

Some evidence

Supple-

What

•

Constipation (page 32)

•

Detoxification

•

Halitosis (bad breath)

•

Wound

lems, such as constipation, and to

anemia.

grass.

drinks are also available.

used for gastrointestinal prob-

cell

and barley

1

Historically, chlorophyll

stimulate blood

grass,

ments of chlorophyll as powder, capsule,

In

infected

wheat

in

suggests

healing

Who Is Likely to Be

Deficient?

that chlorophyll helps detoxify Individuals

cancer-promoting substances, suggesting that chlorophyll

reduce the risk of cancer. 34

who do

not eat plenty of green foods

lack chlorophyll in their diets.

may

How Much Should Optimal

levels

I

Take?

remain unknown. Chlorophyll

amount of 100 mg two or three times per day by many people for deodorization.

in the

is

used

Are There Any Side Effects? No

side effects have been reported with the use of

chlorophyll.

148

Nutritional

Supplements

CHONDROITIN SULFATE Older preliminary research showed that chondroitin

CHONDROITIN SULFATE consists of repeating chains of mole-

may prevent atherosclerosis in animals and humans and may also prevent heart attacks in peo2 4 ple who already have atherosclerosis. 3 sulfate

cules called mucopolysaccharides.

Chondroitin sulfate

is

classified as

Animal

studies indicate that chondroitin sulfate

may promote

healing of bone, which

is

consistent

with the fact that the majority of glycosaminogly-

a type of glycosaminoglycan; rich in sulfur

and

is

it is

cans found in bone consist of chondroitin sulfate. 5

related to glu-

Chondroitin sulfate also appears to help restore with osteoarthritis. 6

joint function in people

cosamine. Chondroitin sulfate

major constituent of

is

a

cartilage, pro-

viding structure, holding water and nutrients,

cules to

and allowing other mole-

move through

fate

to cartilage.

They help prevent abnormal com-

urine, or

ponents across the barrier of the

significant food source of chondroitin sul-

animal cartilage.

What

•

Atherosclerosis (page 11)

•

High

•

Kidney stones (page

•

Osteoarthritis (page 97)

are present in the lining of

movement of blood,

Found?

Is It

Conditions Might Chondroitin Sulfate Be Supportive?

blood vessels and the urinary bladder.

is

In

is

Chondroitin and similar com-

pounds

The only

cartilage

an important property, as there

no blood supply

Where

cholesterol (page 62) 83)

Who Is Likely to Be

Deficient?

vessel or bladder wall. Part of chon-

Because the body makes chondroitin, the possibility droitin's role in

blood vessels

is

to

prevent excessive blood clotting.

of a dietary deficiency remains uncertain. Nevertheless,

chondroitin sulfate

tilage affected

However,

it is

unclear whether sup-

forms of

may be reduced

in joint car-

by osteoarthritis and possibly other

arthritis.

plements of chondroitin are able to favorably affect blood clotting. In addition, chondroitin sulfate

lower blood cholesterol

may

levels.

1

How Much Should For

atherosclerosis,

researchers

I

Take?

have

used

very

high amounts, such as 5 grams twice per day with meals, lowering the

amount

to 500

mg

three times

per day after a few months. Before taking such

high amounts, people should consult a nutritionally

Nutritional

Supplements

149

oriented doctor. For osteoarthritis, a typical level

400

mg

The

three times per day.

droitin to be absorbed orally

ability for

is still

is

chon-

under question.

Are There Any Interactions with

Other Nutrients?

Are There Any

The hypothesis

and chondroitin

Side Effects? Nausea may occur per day.

that glucosamine sulfate (page 165)

work

sulfate

synergistically in the

support of osteoarthritis remains unproven. The

at intakes greater

than 10 grams

No other adverse effects have been reported.

fact that they are structurally similar suggests that

may

they

act in similar ways.

CHROMIUM Where CHROMIUM

is

trace mineral that helps the

may

best source of

Found?

chromium

tain significant

levels.

also play a role in maintain-

Chromium though

it

is

amounts and

"good" a

cholesterol).

HDL (the

much

Chromium,

in

lacking

is

when

role in altering

potential

body composition.

Although preliminary research

chromium

fat loss

these foods are refined.

from pots and pans provides in

many

people's diets.

Some

Conditions

Be Supportive? •

Athletic performance (page 14)

•

Diabetes (page 39)

•

High

•

Weight

tissue gain,

follow-up research in people has not

confirmed chromium picolinate to have a significant effect in altering

body composition. 4

cereals, al-

in

picolinate increases

and lean muscle

and

Might Chromium

animals 1 and humans 23 suggested that

chromium

What

In its

of the

are not substitutes.

brands of beer contain significant amounts.

form called chromium picolinate,

has been studied for

true brewer's yeast

also found in grains

Stainless steel scrapings

ing healthy levels of

is

(page 143). Nutritional or torula yeast do not con-

body

maintain normal blood sugar It

The

an essential

Is It

cholesterol (page 62)

Who Is Be

loss

and obesity (page 124)

Likely to

Deficient?

Most people eat less than the U.S. National Academy of Science's recommended range of 50-200 meg per day. The high incidence of adult-onset diabetes suggests to many doctors of nutritional medicine that

most people should be supplementing small

amounts of chromium.

150

Nutritional

Supplements

How Much Should A

daily intake of 200

meg

is

I

Take?

recommended by many

doctors of nutritional medicine.

Are There Any

Are There Any

Side Effects?

Interactions with

In supplemental doses (typically

day),

chromium has not been

with any toxicity

in

damage 5 based on their work with very high doses of chromium in cells from the ovaries of hamsters. 6 This work has not been repeated in humans, and chromium has not been linked to cancer in humans. 7

50-300 meg per

linked consistently

humans. However, one research

group has voiced possible concerns about mutagenic

Other Nutrients? Preliminary research has found that vitamin creases the absorption of

chromium.

C

in-

8

COPPER Where COPPER

is

needed to absorb and

The

Is It

Found?

best source of copper

is

oysters. Nuts, dried

legumes, cereals, potatoes, vegetables, and meat also

use iron (page 173). the antioxidant

It is

also part of

enzyme superoxide

dismutase (SOD). Copper to

is

needed

make adenosine triphosphate

(ATP), the energy the body runs on. Synthesis of

some hormones

re-

quires copper, as does collagen (the

"glue" that holds muscle tissue together)

contain copper.

and tyrosinase

(the

enzyme

that puts pigment into the skin).

What

Conditions Might Copper Be Supportive? In

•

Osteoporosis (page 100)

•

Rheumatoid

arthritis (page 115)

Who Is Likely to Be Deficient? is uncommon. It can occur in who supplement with zinc without also in-

Copper deficiency people

creasing copper intake. Zinc (page 224) and, to a lesser extent,

vitamin

C

(page 217) interfere with

copper absorption. Copper deficiency can cause anemia, a drop lesterol),

and

in

HDL cholesterol

(the

"good" cho-

several other health problems.

How Much Should

I

Take?

Most people consume less than the recommended amount of this mineral. Nonetheless, supplementing with 1-3

Nutritional

Supplements

mg per day is important only for people

151

who

take

found

zinc

supplements,

in multiple

including the

The

zinc

vitamin/mineral (page 187) sup-

plements.

level at

which copper causes problems

combination with

clear.

But

day

considered quite safe.

is

in

zinc,

Are There Any

Are There Any

Side Effects?

Interactions with

People with Wilson's disease should never take copper. People drinking tap water from

new copper

up

to 3

is

un-

mg

per

Other Nutrients? Zinc interferes with copper absorption. People tak-

more than

pipes should consult their nutritionally oriented

ing zinc supplements for

doctor before supplementing, since they might be

should also take copper (unless they have Wilson's

getting

enough

(or even too

much) copper from

their

disease).

Vitamin

C may

a few weeks

reduce copper absorption.

Copper improves absorption and use of

water.

iron.

COENZYME Q10 Virtually every cell of the

COENZYME Q10 ful

antioxidant (page

tects the

body from

Coenzyme Q10 ubiquinone, a its

is

8)

is

a

power-

that pro-

zyme,

coenzyme Q10. The mitochondria, the area of cells where energy is produced, contain the most coen-

zyme Q10. The heart and

liver,

the most mitochondria per

because they contain

cell,

have the greatest

amount of coenzyme Q10.

also called

name

human

contains

free radicals.

that signifies

widespread (ubiquitous) distribu-

tion in the

human body

body.

this nutrient aids

reactions, such as the

As

a coen-

Where

Is It

Coenzyme Q10 meat, and

is

Found?

found

in spinach, broccoli, nuts,

fish.

metabolic

complex

What Conditions Might Coenzyme Q10 In

process of transforming food into

ATP, the energy the body runs on.

152

Be Supportive? •

Angina pectoris

•

Chemotherapy support (page

•

Congestive heart failure (page 30)

25)

•

Diabetes (page 39)

•

Gingivitis (periodontal disease) (page 56)

•

Hypertension (high blood pressure) (page 67)

•

Infertility (male) (page 77)

Nutritional

Supplements

Who Is Likely to Be

conditions (with the involvement of a nutritionally oriented physician)

Deficient?

Deficiency

poorly understood, but

is

caused by synthesis problems than an insufficiency

in the

in the diet.

Low

may be

it

body rather blood

levels are generally

The

test

lower in older individuals.

used to assess coenzyme

Q10

fat,

such as olive

oil

little

or peanut butter, will improve

absorption of this nutrient.

Are There Any

gingivitis

(inflammation of the gums), and AIDS. Coenzyme

Q10

Taking coenzyme Q10 supplements with a

levels

have been reported in those with heart failure, car-

diomyopathy (another heart condition),

may supplement with higher lev-

els.

status

is

not

routinely available from medical laboratories.

Side Effects? Congestive heart failure patients

who

are taking

coenzyme Q10 should not discontinue taking coenzyme Q10 supplements without first consulting a doctor.

How Much Should Adult

I

Take?

supplementation are usually 30-90

levels of

mg per day, although individuals with specific health

CREATINE (CREATINE MONOHYDRATE) Where CREATINE

assists in the

produc-

Animal proteins

processes.

the

body

and muscle-building

Most

is

main dietary source of

in the

crea-

form of creatine monohy-

drate are well absorbed and tolerated by the stomach.

of the creatine in

stored in the muscles as

creatine or in a

Found?

are the

Supplements

tine.

tion of energy

Is It

form called phos-

1

phocreatine. Creatine

is

a quickly

In

What Conditions

Might Creatine

Be Supportive?

available energy source for muscle

contraction. thesis of

2

It

also increases the syn-

muscle protein and

ful

growth promoters). Creatine also

promotes protein

synthesis.

Athletic performance (page 14)

•

Postsurgery recovery

assists in

the formation of polyamines (power3

•

Who Is Likely to Be

Deficient?

Individuals involved in intense physical activity or

experiencing physical

stress, especially

ing their intake of red meat,

those limit-

may have low muscle

stores of creatine.

Nutritional

Supplements

153

How Much Should

Take?

I

Small amounts of creatine (3-5 grams) are best taken within thirty minutes after training.

There are two variations for supplementing with creatine. In the loading

method, 20-30 grams of

cre-

atine per day (in divided doses) are taken for three to

four days. 4 Muscle creatine levels increase rapidly,

which

is

beneficial

if

a short-term rise in force

Are There Any Side Effects?

is

Little is

needed, such as during a weight-lifting competition, football

game, or

method, 3-5 grams of creatine

monohydrate per day are taken over an extended

slowly.

This method

is

may

Interactions with

Other Nutrients?

rise

Endurance

from the improved recov-

also benefit

ery provided by this

Are There Any

useful for athletes undergoing

levels

during precompetition phases.

athletes

no

consistent toxicity has been reported to date.

more

Muscle creatine

long-term training, such as bodybuilders and weight lifters

creatine side effects, but

sprinting.

In the other

training period.

known about

method of taking

creatine.

Creatine

may enhance

the effects of other muscle-

enhancing nutrients, such as whey protein (page 223), glutamine (page 166),

and amino

acids.

CYSTEINE Cysteine

CYSTEINE amino acid Cysteine

is

is

and used as a source of energy. Cysteine strengthens is

a nonessential

the protective lining of the stomach and intestines,

(protein building block).

one of the few amino

which may help prevent damage caused by aspirin

and similar drugs. important role

acids that contains sulfur. This al-

lows cysteine to bond

mune system Cysteine

in a special It is

way and maintain

the structure of

proteins in the body. Cysteine

is

component of the antioxidant tathione. teine to

occasionally converted into glucose

The body

In addition, cysteine

play an

2

rarely used as a dietary supplement.

more common

to

teine (page 189), or

supplement with N-acetyl cys-

NAC, which

contains cysteine.

a

glu-

also uses cys-

produce taurine (page 206),

Where

Is It

The body can

synthesize cysteine from methionine

Found?

(page 186) and other building blocks. Cysteine, the

amino acid from which another amino acid.

may

communication between im-

in the

cells. is

1

NAC

is

derived,

is

found

in

most high-protein foods.

In

What Conditions Might

Cysteine Be Supportive? •

154

Refer to N-acetyl cysteine (page 189)

Nutritional

Supplements

Who Be

Are There Any

Likely to

Is

Deficient?

Side Effects?

According to several studies, blood

and glutathione are low 4 5

HIV. 3

levels of cysteine

in individuals infected

with

Cysteine has a role in the proper function of

immune system, so a acid may either contribute

the

amino

the

cysteine

times per day tion

is

is

a typical

on N-acetyl

mation. Unlike

used by

cysteine

NAC,

unpleasant odor or

itself,

200

Take?

I

mg two

to four

amount. Refer to the

(NAC)

One

NAC

have been

re-

small study found that daily

grams or more could lead

to oxida-

damage. Extremely large amounts of

cysteine,

1.2

amino acid

nerve

How Much Should When

amounts of

from immune

suppression of HIV.

consistent adverse effects of

ported in humans.

tive

deficiency of this to or result

No

NAC is derived from, may be toxic to

cells in rats.

Are There Any Interactions with

Other Nutrients?

sec-

for further infor-

cysteine does not have an

Adequate amounts of methionine (page needed

186) are

in the diet, as the precursor to cysteine, to

prevent cysteine deficiency.

taste.

DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERQNE (DHEA) Where DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE (DHEA) the most

DHEA

is

prevalent of the

thetic

hormones produced

is

hormone

this

supplement

sublingual form.

"natural"

secreted by the adrenal glands,

320); however, the

culates in the bloodstream as sulfate

(DHEAS) and

is

cir-

DHEA-

converted as

pounds

DHEA

in the

is

syn-

in tablet, capsule, liquid,

and

claim to contain

precursors from wild

yam

A

also available as a nu-

Some products

by the adrenal glands. After being it

Found?

produced by the adrenal glands.

form of

tritional

Is It

yam

(page

body cannot convert any comto

DHEA

mones (although a series of can make the conversion).

or other steroid hor-

reactions in a laboratory

needed into other hormones. As much as half of the testosterone in

men and

about three-quarters of the estrogen in

women

(and close to

menopause)

Nutritional

is

100%

derived from

Supplements

after

DHEA.

1

What Conditions Might

In

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) Be Supportive? •

Depression (page 36)

•

Lupus

•

Premature aging

155

Who Is Likely to Be

other hormones should be taken as nutritional sup-

plements.

Deficient?

DHEA

levels

peak early

levels are

peak

their

at

only

and

in life

5-15%

younger ages.

whether the lower

start a lifelong

of what they were at 2

Women with

sents a deficiency.

It

remains unclear

asthma have been

ported to have depressed levels of

DHEA.

re-

nificantly patients.

that

4

mg

DHEA and DHEAS levels patients, and DHEA sup-

per day for four weeks

improved depression

in

six

sig-

depressed

However, nutritional experts maintain

DHEA

may be

before and during supplementation.

Are There Any Side Effects? DHEA

is

a

hormone, and

concerns about

San Francisco, report that plements of 30-90

a nutrition-

DHEA levels monitored

as such there are serious

3

Researchers from the University of California,

are lower in depressed

doctor to have

sixty,

associated with age repre-

level

would be prudent to consult

ally oriented

descent in early adulthood. By the age of

DHEA

It

inappropriate use. Excessive lev-

may be

women. For example,

mg of DHEA

100

in

of particular concern to

one

study, a

woman

taking

per day for one year started to de-

velop facial hair, presumably as a consequence of

DHEA

contributing to male hormones and trigger-

ing male secondary sex characteristics. 6

effective for only a minority of

people with depression. J

DHEA

of

els

its

Other concerns have been expressed that

may

DHEA

damage or even liver cancer. known about DHEA, it would be pru-

contribute to liver

Until

more

is

dent for individuals with a family history of hor-

How Much Should DHEA Some

supplementation

is

a

experts believe that 2-10

I

Take?

controversial

mg

of

issue.

DHEA,

pending on age, gender, and family history of ease,

is

dis-

amount to take of this hormone. however, do not feel that DHEA or

a beneficial

Other experts,

de-

mone-related cancer (such as breast or prostate cancer) to avoid supplementing with

cause

DHEA

is

a precursor to estrogen

DHEA, and

be-

testos-

women with breast cancer of DHEA, postmenopausal

terone. While younger

may have low

levels

women with breast cancer appear to have high 7 of DHEA, which has researchers concerned.

levels

ENZYMES, PROTEOLYTIC Proteolytic

PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES help digest dietary protein. According to one theory, allergies are trig-

enzymes

such

as

trypsin,

chy-

motrypsin, and bromelain are partially absorbed by the body. 3

4 5

Once absorbed, they have anti-inflammatory activity and may even demonstrate an antitumor effect. 6 7 8 9 Proteolytic enzymes may also improve immune system function, for example, in

gered by partially undigested protein,

people with shingles (herpes zoster). 10 Bromelain

and these enzymes reduce allergy

natural blood thinner because

blood platelet stickiness.

symptoms. There 1

is

some

it

is

a

prevents excessive

11

scientific

evidence to support this theory. 2

Where Are They Found? enzyme bromelain comes from pineapples; papain comes from unripe

The plant-based

156

proteolytic

Nutritional

Supplements

papayas. Only small amounts of the animal-based proteolytic

found

enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin are

in the diet;

size these

enzymes. Pancreatic enzymes, or pancre-

enzymes that help digest

fat

and carbohydrates.

What Conditions Might

In

Enzymes Be Supportive?

is

food

likely to help digest

in

people with

pancreatic insufficiency.

The

however, the pancreas can synthe-

contain several proteolytic enzymes along with

atin,

each meal

right dose of bromelain

Bromelain

is

measured

MCUs

in

complicated.

is

(milk

clotting

GDUs (gelatin dissolving units). One GDU equals 1.5 MCU. Strong products contain at least 2,000 MCU (1,333 GDU) per gram (1,000 mg). A supplement containing 500 mg labeled "2,000 MCU units) or

MCU of activity.

Some

recommend 3,000

MCU

per gram" would have 1,000

doctors of natural medicine

taken three times per day for several days, followed •

Indigestion and heartburn

•

Injury (sprains, strains)

•

Urinary tract infection (page 120)

•

Pancreatic insufficiency

•

Cystic fibrosis

by 2,000

MCU three times per day.

13

Much

of the re-

search, however uses smaller amounts, such as 2,000

MCU in divided amounts in the course of a day (500 MCU taken four times per day). Supplemental enzymes that only state product weight but not activity units

may

lack potency.

Who Is Likely to Be

Are There Any

Deficient?

Proteolytic

zymes

enzymes belong

to a

broad

pancreatic enzymes.

called

class of en-

Consequently,

people with pancreatic insufficiency and cystic

fi-

brosis frequently require supplemental pancreatic

enzymes. In addition, those with celiac disease, Crohn's disease, and perhaps indigestion ficient in pancreatic

papain are not

may be de-

enzymes. 12 Since bromelain and

essential, deficiencies

Side Effects? The most important pancreatic enzymes

lipases,

it

may

be prudent for people with enzyme

enzymes taken to aid digestion are genaccompanied by other enzymes (called amy-

spare lipases.

the

body

because as the

much enzyme it

enzymes

travel

level

fat.

Pancreatin, which contains

all

three enzymes,

is

Pharmacopeia (USP). For example, 9X pancreatin is nine times stronger than the government standard.

is

not clear at what

arise.

Other Nutrients?

creatin (or a higher dose at lower potencies) with

acid,

teolytic

such problems might

it

Interactions with

taine

units of

through the digestive

Are There Any

USP units of amylase, 2 USP lipase, and 25 USP units of protease (or proenzymes). A dose of 1.5 grams of 9X pan-

X

ir-

carbohydrates and

rated against a standard established by the U.S.

Each

activity could be

system. Fortunately, that does not happen with sup-

erally

lipases) that help digest

order to

could start to "digest" parts of

plemental amounts, though

and

in

14

Proteolytic

lases

enzymes

deficiencies to avoid proteolytic

In theory, too

Take?

enzymes can digest

called lipases. Since proteolytic

do not exist.

I

malab-

sorption diseases are usually fat-digesting enzymes

ritating,

How Much Should

in

contains 25

Nutritional

Supplements

Proteolytic

enzymes should not be taken with be-

hydrochloride

(page

139),

or hydrochloric

which would destroy the enzymes.

157

EVENING PRIMROSE OIL

AND OIHER SOURCES OF

GAMMA

LINOLENIC ACID)

EVENING PRIMROSE OIL F.PO

.

black currant ^eed

i

>il,

and

Where

Evening primrose ments.

borage

oil

GL A)

acid

gamma

contain

linolenic

a fatty acid that the

,

Is It

in

The

Found?

oil is

found primarily

active ingredient.

black current seed

oil

GLA. can

and borage

oil

in

supple-

also be found

supplements.

body

converts to a hormone-like substance called prostaglandin El

PGE1 ties

PGE1).

has anti-inflammatory proper-

and may also

act as a blood thin-

common

most

vegetable oils ancludingEPO),

Atherosclerosis page 11

•

Bursitis

•

Diabetes page 39

•

Eczema page 49

•

Fibrocystic breast disease page 51

•

Irritable

•

Premenstrual syndrome page 109

•

Rheumatoid

should theoretically convert to PGE1.

But

many

things can interfere with

Oil

•

fatty

acid found in nuts, seeds, and

Conditions Might

Evening Primrose Be Supportive?

ner and blood vessel dilator. Linoleic acid, a

What

In

page 20

bowel syndrome page 81

arthritis

page 115)

this conversion, including disease,

the aging process, saturated fat, hy-

drogenated

oils,

blood sugar prob-

lems, and inadequate vitamin C.

magnesium,

zinc,

and B vitamins.

Supplements that provide

GLA cir-

cumvent these conversion problems, leading to more predictable forma-

Who

Is

Likely to

Be Deficient? Those with premenstrual syndrome. 2 eczema" can have with the body's in

Western

a

and

metabolic block that interferes

ability to

societies

diabetes,-

may

make GLA. Many people be at least partially

GLA

deficient as a result of aging, glucose intolerance, di-

etary fat intake, and other problems. Individuals

tion of

PGE1.

1

with deficiencies benefit from supplemental take from evening primrose oil.

158

or borage

oil.

GLA

in-

black currant seed

oil.

Nutritional

Supplements

How Much Should

I

Take? levels

Interactions with

the optimal intake for this nutrient remains

Other Nutrients?

Although many people may have inadequate of

GLA,

Are There Any

mg

unknown. Researchers often use 3,000-6,000 evening primrose

oil

of

per day, which provides approx-

evening primrose

mg of GLA.

imately 270-360

Other nutrients are needed by the body, along with oil,

some experts suggest

make PGE1. Consequently, that magnesium (page 182),

to

Are There Any

zinc (page 224), vitamin

Side Effects?

along with EPO.

Consistent,

reproducible

evening primrose

oil

213),

problems

from

C

(page 217), niacin (page

and vitamin B6 (page 214) should be taken

taking

have not been reported.

FIBER Where THERE ARE SEVERAL

Is It

Fruits (not fruit juice)

Found? and beans are high

in water-

soluble fiber. Vegetables and whole grains are high in

kinds of

fiber.

Water-soluble fiber

helps control blood sugar

levels

and

cholesterol. Insoluble fiber softens

insoluble fiber. Oats (page 294), barley, and psyllium

(page 299) contain both soluble and insoluble

The

best source of lignan, by far,

flaxseed

stool,

the

which helps move

body

in less time.

fiber-like substance,

it

through

oil,

is

flaxseed

fiber.

—not

regardless of packaging claims to the

contrary.

Lignan, a

has mild

anti-estrogenic activity.

What Conditions Might

In

Fiber

Be Supportive?

•

Constipation (page 32)

•

Diabetes (page 39)

•

Diarrhea (page 44)

•

Hemorrhoids (page

•

High

•

Hypertension (high blood pressure) (page 67)

•

Hypertriglyceridemia (high triglycerides)

60)

cholesterol (page 62)

(page 69)

Nutritional

Supplements

bowel syndrome (page

•

Irritable

•

Kidney stones (page

•

Peptic ulcer (page 103)

•

Premenstrual syndrome (page 109)

•

Weight

loss

81)

83)

and obesity (page

124)

159

Who Be all

Side Effects?

Deficient?

Most people white

Are There Any

Likely to

Is

rice,

are fiber deficient. Eating white flour,

and

opposed to

fruit juice (as

Many so-called whole

contribute to this problem.

wheat products contain mostly white bels

flour.

and avoid "flour" and "unbleached

of which are simply white flour. fiber depleted.

The

real fruit)

Read

flour,"

Junk food

is

la-

both also

While individuals can be fiber foods

are

more

(most

allergic to certain high-

commonly

likely to

wheat), high-fiber diets

improve health than cause any

health problems. Beans, a good source of soluble fiber,

also contain special

sugars that are often

poorly digested, leading to gas.

on the previous

diseases listed

page (plus colon and breast cancers) are much more likely to

occur with low-fiber

How Much

Are There Any

diets.

Should Take?

Western diets generally provide approximately 10

grams of

Interactions with

I

fiber per day. So-called primitive societies

consume 40-60 grams per

day. Increasing fiber in-

take similar to the "primitive" diets

is

desirable.

Other Nutrients? Fiber reduces the absorption of most minerals.

minimize

this

multimineral

effect,

To

supplements

should not be taken with high-fiber meals.

FISH OIL DHA FISH OIL

contains

apentaenoic acid) and

EPA

(eicos-

DHA (do-

oils.

ments are

Most

fish oil supple-

18% EPA and 12% DHA,

or a total of

30%

also help prevent

omeea-3. These C7

omega-3

omega-3

oils,

oils,

keep blood

triglyc-

are linked with heart disease).

EPA

DHA also keep blood from

clotting f too quickly. j i

anti-inflammatory

in

animals 123

EPA and

Found?

Is It

DHA

are found in mackerel, salmon, her-

ring, sardines, sable fish (black cod), anchovies, al-

bacore tuna, and wild game.

amounts of EPA and

Cod

liver oil

contains

DHA.

unlike other

erides in check (high triglycerides

and

some types of cancer

may

and humans. 4

large

special

essential for vision in infants. Fish oil

Where

cosahexaenoic acid). Both are

omega-3

is

They j

What

In

Fish Oil •

Crohn's disease (page 34)

•

Diabetes (page 39)

•

Eczema (page 49)

•

Hypertension (high blood pressure) (page 67)

•

Hypertriglyceridemia (high triglycerides)

also have

activity.

Conditions Might Be Supportive?

(page 69) •

!

160

Lupus Nutritional

Supplements

Migraine headaches (page 91)

them sometimes

clotting, people taking 10

bleeds.

Psoriasis (page 112)

grams of

Rheumatoid

upset and burp up a "fishy" smell.

arthritis (page 115)

Due

Ulcerative colitis

fish

to

its

min D, cod

Who

Deficient?

To

limited extent,

who

very high levels of vitamin

who

omega-3

from vegetable

oil

oil.

So-called primitive diets have

than modern

much

Most

higher lev-

other supple-

of vitamin

A

D per day.

per day or 800 IU of vitamin

Take?

I

supplement often take

to

quire 10 grams of fish fish oil contains

oil.

at least

DHA — an amount that may re-

grams of EPA plus only

Are There Any Other Nutrients?

healthy people do not supplement fish

Those who choose

oil to

achieve because most

18% EPA and 12%

EPA + 12% DHA = 30% omega-3 oil x grams EPA plus DHA).

DHA (18%

10 grams

=

3

ligrams or

damaged by oxygen, so a few milIUs of vitamin E (page 220) should be in-

cluded in

all

Fish

from

fish oil,

IUs) to protect

3 or 4

months. Elevations

in

both groups should check

fish oil for several

blood sugar have sometimes this

may simply be due

to

small increases in weight resulting from high dietary fish oil.

8

While EPA and

DHA

consistently lower

triglycerides, they occasionally increase terol.

9

Also, because

Nutritional

should take ad-

(several

hundred

DHA within the body from

12

serum glucose. 13

Similarly, the

impairment of gluoil

of moderate exercise three times a week. 14

grams of

been reported," though

E supplements

EPA and

oxidative damage.

fish oil

has been prevented by the addition of half an hour

with their nutritionally oriented doctor before tak-

more than

supplements. 11 In addition,

who supplement with

ditional vitamin

While those with heart disease and diabetes often benefit

oil

cose tolerance sometimes caused by the omega-3

Side Effects? b

fish

Some evidence suggests that adding vitamin E to EPA/DHA may prevent the fish oil-induced increase

Are There Any

5

oil is easily

people

in

ing

liver oil (plus

ments) containing more than 25,000 IU (7,500 meg)

Interactions with

diets.

How Much Should 3

women

EPA. Nonetheless, most nutritionally oriented

doctors believe people do not ingest enough omega-

els

vita-

adults should consult with a nutritionally oriented

sources, such as flaxseed oil (page 162), can convert

3

and

could become pregnant. Other

doctor before taking cod

to

A

should not be taken before con-

liver oil

are or

several

will experience gastrointestinal

oil

sulting a nutritionally oriented doctor by

Likely to

Is

Be a

get nose

Some people who supplement

Osteoarthritis (page 97)

EPA and

Supplements

DHA

LDL choles-

reduce blood

who take fish oil containing EPA and and who also take 15 grams of pectin per day

People

DHA

have been reported to have reductions 1,1

lesterol.

This suggests that pectin

LDL may

from

fish oil

LDL

cho-

may overcome

the occasional problem of increased terol resulting

in

LDL

choles-

supplementation. The

cholesterol-raising effect of

EPA and

DHA

also be successfully prevented by taking garlic

supplements (or presumably

EPA and DHA."

real garlic)

along with

1

161

FLAXSEED OIL conditions for which fish

MOST

LIKE

-.;

-;: irpeir

z;-r>

::

;:

oil is

r::::;: igi ->: -;..:: z t -'

essential fatty acid al.

needed tor sur-

used. However,

'.:>

it

-;:

:-..;

;:r::r> ir.:

_

::

i~r-:\ii~-~.i::ry

------

'

remain hopeful.

But unlike most oils, it also

AL-

In 19!H, a diet purportedly high in

-

jc-

1

>ndm preventing heart disease. But this study altered many dietary factors, so it is possible that ALA

contains significant amounts of

another essential fatty linolenic

add ALA

-

alpha

acid.,

was not

....

.

ment

.ALA

ofl

body turns ALA

—an omega-3

(page 160'

.-:;:.-

r.

;

in turn converts

~ j ~c

'.

~m~-

:r.

~

r; sc i :: ~

.

:,

>

r-rr

Flaxseed

m

>u?-

?.-.::?

;

:

ettect

:r.c

of fish

->r.;

\Chile

oil).

: rg.i

-

i

.

>

~

; r.

:>

i

>. i

;

:

Some conversion

"p

it is

flaxseed oil , unlike fish oil

- ; :

«:

; r.c

-

r:>h

.:r.

it

i

?;-

best not to

-.

;

ir.'.

-

; .

-

se r: e > r

>::*:'.::.:

:

"' i~.~:.i::

:

u:

cause the conversion from

•

:.>.-.

::". .

^

:

-

-.

'

:

.: :

i r

:

r

-

.ir

cook with

occur.*

and

this

con-

:

.

>

"

:.:;:.

:a\^t:

>:.::!: .-;:;:>:

?r-

ALA to

Where

Is It

In addition to j;r.r:;.l:r.£:

amounts of triglycerides

r

:

EPA is ouite limited, some of the ef:cj:> ;:

i~ z

can be used in salads.

EPA does

to

rurr

.

~ c

.'.

version can be increased by restricting the intake of .

:

;

appears to have anti-inflammatory

oil

-.;: :.i:;

.-.

body rather than coming from one --.;>:

r.

flaxseed oil?

.

~.uc

:

found in fish

oil

EPA

.

:

j ">.:: ;

-:.--;c-

.

Even outside the realm of heart disease, most

into

to 3- series prostaglandins {ptosta^ i

for fish oil for people with elevated trig.

an omega-3 oil. To a lim-

is

ited extent, the

EPA

responsible for the outcome.1 In gene:

its

ALA

Found?

presence in flaxseed are found in

canoL

.

oil, «

:

small

page

do not result when

people supplement flaxseed oil.

What

Conditions Might Flaxseed Oil Be Supportive? In

*

162

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (page 18)

Nutritional

Supplements

Who

Likely to

Is

on vegetables

Be Deficient?

acids.

ALA deficiencies are possible but believed to be rare,

flaxseed

except in infants

who

For those

are fed formula that

omega-

is

means

this

3 deficient.

equal

How Much Some

Should Take? I

recommend

nutritionally oriented doctors

that people use

1

tablespoon, or five capsules, of

flaxseed oil per day as a supplement in salads or

1

who wish

to replace fish oil with

research suggests

oil,

much ALA

to ensure a supply of essential fatty

it

takes ten times as

to be the equivalent of EPA. 10 Typically,

that 7.2

gram of

grams of flaxseed

oil

should

fish oil.

Are There Any Side Effects? Flaxseed

oil toxicity

has not been reported.

FOLIC ACID Folic acid

FOLIC ACID synthesis.

cluding

needed for

is

DNA

DNA allows cells—in-

cells in the fetus

woman is pregnant

—

when

methionine),

mood.

amino

is

SAM

(and

affects

(S-adenosyl

may improve)

also needed to keep

acid) levels in

blood from

homocysrising.

homocysteine dramatically increases the

a heart disease and

to replicate

needed to make

which

Folic acid

teine (an cess

is

may

Ex-

risk of

be linked to osteoporosis and

strokes.

normally. Adequate intake of folic acid early in pregnancy for preventing

is

most neural tube

1 birth defects as well as

some

defects of the arms, legs, It

important

most,

34

Nutritional

though not

lip

all,

Supplements

5

Is It

Found?

Beans, leafy green vegetables, citrus

beets,

fruits,

wheat germ, and meat are good sources of

folic acid.

birth

and heart. 2

also appears to protect against

cleft palate and cleft

Where

What Conditions Might

In

Folic

Acid Be Supportive?

formation in studies.

•

Abnormal Pap smear (page

•

Atherosclerosis (page 11)

•

Chemotherapy support (page 25)

•

Crohn's disease (page 34)

•

Depression (page 36)

•

Diarrhea (page 44)

•

Gingivitis (periodontal disease) (page 56)

•

High

•

Osteoporosis (page 100)

•

Pregnancy support (page 107)

•

Vitiligo (page 122)

102)

cholesterol (page 62)

163

Who Is Likely to Be

meg of This

Most people do not consume the recommended amount of folic acid. Recently, scientists have found that many people with heart disease have elevated of homocysteine, which

levels

with

trollable

folic acid.

per day or more, then the folic acid

can improve anemia caused by the B12 deficiency.

Deficient?

blood

folic acid

is

often con-

This suggests that

people in Western societies have a mild

ficiency. In fact, increasing folic acid intake

one of the problems caused by vitamin B12 ciency.

could

8

The other problems caused by

a lack of vita-

folic acid

supplements.

Vitamin B12 deficiencies often occur without

anemia (even

in

people

Some

supplements).

who do

not take

doctors do not

folic acid

know

that the

potentially prevent an estimated 13,500 deaths from

absence of anemia does not rule out a B12

cardiovascular diseases each year.

Folic acid defi-

ciency. If this

people living at

min B12

ciency

is

poverty

and

common

also level,

in alcoholics,

those with malabsorption disorders,

women taking the

birth control

All

women who

should take

Take?

who could become pregnant 400-800 meg per day in order to reduce are or

the risk of birth defects.

ented doctors

Many

nutritionally ori-

recommend 400 meg to

deficiency, the patient could be injured,

deficient in vitamin

safe.

and in

Are There Any Interactions with

Other Nutrients? needed by the body to

is

utilize

vitamin

B12. Proteolytic enzymes (page 156) and antacids 9 inhibit folic acid absorption;

Side Effects? remarkably

rare

others.

Are There Any is

is

using correct testing procedures.

Folic acid

Folic acid

confusion delays diagnosis of a vita-

sometimes permanently. This problem

this area

I

defi-

should not happen with doctors knowledgeable

pill.

How Much Should

defi-

min B12 (mostly neurological) do not improve with

many

folic acid de-

not a toxicity but rather a partial solution to

is

10

people taking either

are advised to supplement with folic acid. 7

However,

if

people are

B12 (page 216) and take 1,000

GAMMA ORYZANQL Where

GAMMA ORYZANOL

is

a

mixture of sterols and ferulic acid esters. it

Some evidence

oryzanol

is

bran, corn, and barley

Found? a natural

component of

rice

oils.

suggests that

increases testosterone levels, the

release of endorphins,

and the

growth of lean muscle

tissue.

164

Gamma

Is It

1

What Conditions

In

Might

Gamma Oryzanol

Be Supportive? •

Athletic performance (page 14)

•

Gastritis

Nutritional

Supplements

Who

Are There Any

Likely to

Is

Be Deficient? gamma

Since is

oryzanol

is

Side Effects?

not an essential nutrient,

not associated with a deficiency

it

state. Athletes in-

No

side effects have been reported in the

commonly

amounts

used.

volved in competitive training or other physically active individuals

may

benefit from this

How Much Should Much

of the

uses 300

human

research with

compound.

I

Take?

gamma

oryzanol

mg per day.

GLUCOSAMINE SULFATE Where GLUCOSAMINE SULFATE

Glucosamine

amounts provides the joints with the building rived

blocks they need to repair

Found?

sulfate does not

most

from sea

diets.

appear

in significant

Supplemental sources are de-

shells.

damage

caused by osteoarthritis or Specifically,

in

Is It

injuries.

glucosamine sulfate

provides the raw material needed

What

Conditions Might Glucosamine Sulfate Be Supportive? In

by the body to manufacture a mucopolysaccharide (called glycos-

aminoglycan) found

in cartilage.

Glucosamine

sulfate

may

play a role in

wound

also

healing.

•

Kidney stones (page

•

Osteoarthritis (page 97)

Who Be A

Is

83)

Likely to

Deficient?

glucosamine sulfate deficiency

in

humans has not

been reported.

How Much There

is

no need

teoarthritis

cosamine take 500

Nutritional

Supplements

Should Take? I

for people other than those with os-

to

sulfate.

mg three

routinely

supplement

with

glu-

People with osteoarthritis should times per day.

165

Are There Any

Are There Any

Side Effects?

Interactions with

At the amount most frequently taken by adults

Other Nutrients?

500

mg

three times per day

reported.

Some glucosamine

with sodium chloride (table in

some

—

diets

toxicity has not

sulfate

salt),

is

which

is

been

processed restricted

(particularly for people with high

blood pressure).

The hypothesis

and chon-

that glucosamine sulfate

work

droitin sulfate (page 149)

synergistically in the

support of osteoarthritis remains unproven. The fact that they are structurally similar suggests that

they

may

act in similar ways.

GLUTAMINE Where GLUTAMINE

is

an amino acid

Glutamine such as

(protein building block).

It

Without

waste away.

blood

mune

cells

It is

and

it,

these cells

also used by white is

many

in

foods high in protein,

meat, beans, and dairy.

Conditions

Might Glutamine Be Supportive?

important for im-

glutamine has anti-inflammatory

What

In

function. In animal research,

effects.

fish,

found

serves as

a source of fuel for cells lining the intestines.

is

Found?

Is It

•

Peptic ulcer page

•

Ulcerative colitis

Who Be

Is

Likely to

Deficient?

Few people the

I

are glutamine deficient, in part because

body makes

cirrhosis,

its

own. During

and weight

l
.:

:r.z-.\:

ma

7i7ziii zzz

:?

— :r;

>

r

.

.

LDL cho-

-

:~

::

les:

t

tnz

:.:

'.

known about bow -iiolog:-

aged

ts

-

zzzr

:

ro-

LDL cholesterol

E may reduce the

by vitamin

_-;

:

--

i

z

~

:

-

:

i

fi.zzr.

i

:

d

-

7.n

7-

:

«

t

:~

:

z.

:.

::

-

:-z

:: :

;

:

-

;

.

~ :.:..::.

bene Little ~ i ~ t -~. :

5

:

r

-

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:

is * t

::::

:

a

c

^.

:-

found only

is

-.

:i

medk

17.: ~. :~z7.:7.z

ramm E

d

risk of heart ens-

:

natural

:~; ~.i7z.zi

•

:

::\

appears, which also ther.j

;

~

the synthetic

nz

:

:

.'.

Most doctors of

LDL ch

:ion of

:-

?:•/:••.

~"

;

~

.::..: ~~

-

:

-

..:

"

'

zl

.':::-.

:::." z

j:::.e-cr.:i

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parts of the body, such as

rep- -•"

-.:;-..- E

::

r-zp-fi

z..

i

as in dl-alpha tocopheroL Natural

studies pub

ne

England Jc

i

i:i-z

:ne

7

:

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zizzzzr.!

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: :

irelzc ~z-..xzi"

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:

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:

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.tamin E

two

p

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drop

a the lis

leartdisc

isc

Even

t

is

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drop

.

..:

in

:~z

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—

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;- 1:

-

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..77 z~~ z~

-

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re

izz:

l::.:

:.:z

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z~..~ 1

z .77.1

17~.lZ.Ki

:

:

:

:

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1

TZ

7

z Ti

77

:

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z

~t~ ~

t:

:t

7*~e 1 :_: >

-

: z ,-:

zr.t

~~

:

'

1

7-Z Z7.fi

1 .77.1

izz.-.zz

«

::.:

4 age; the evidence comes ;

;

ZifZ 1.7 7.1 1ZZZ

' z." T'zTZt:

: ; ?

n

z

:

z

Z7.zi.-:-;

nc

attacks repc

given 400-800

-

- z

-

n -

.-

^

::

~

220

z- 1.77.1

:

men and womt

that both

—.

vvh

:

:.-

n

1.771

:: 777. 7 17.: 7 z:~7.7.7.i:

show

n

z.-.'r.t:

Zz

:

zfiz

izi

from a tc Z7.1Z

Z

77

\^~~7.c~a S.::r~e-::

with the activity of gamma-tocopherol, a claim that

Cataracts (page 24)

remains unproven. They caution against alpha sup-

Chemotherapy support (page

plementation, a position not shared by most vita-

Diabetes (page 39)

min E researchers nor supported by most other

Dupuytren's contracture (page 46)

research.

Eczema (page

The issue of alpha versus gamma requires much more research before it can be fully understood. Almost all vitamin E research shows that positive rean amount sults require hundreds of units per day

Fibrocystic breast disease (page 51)

49)

Fibromyalgia (page 53)

High

—

easily

cholesterol (page 62)

Infertility (female) (page 75)

obtained with supplements but impossible

Infertility (male)

(page 77)

with food. Therefore, switching to food sources as

Macular degeneration (page

suggested by these researchers

Menopause

more

is

known, people seeking

is

impractical. Until

to

add

gamma

25)

85)

(page 87)

Menorrhagia (heavy menstruation)

toco-

pherol can find mixed natural tocopherol supple-

(page 89)

amount of gamma, but percentage remains much lower than that found

ments. They contain a small

Osgood-Schlatter disease (page 96)

the

Osteoarthritis (page 97)

in food.

Photosensitivity (page 105)

Vitamin E forms are

listed as either

or tocopheryl, followed by the

tached to

it,

name

Premenstrual syndrome (page 109)

tocopherol

of what

is

at-

Rheumatoid

There

is

no

Yellow nail syndrome (page 129)

as in tocopheryl acetate.

arthritis (page 115)

great difference between the two, but tocopherol

may absorb a little better, while tocopheryl forms may have slightly longer shelf life. Both forms are active when taken by mouth. However, there is no evidence that the skin can utilize the tocopheryl forms, so for those planning to apply vitamin E to the skin,

it

makes sense

food stores, the most

buy tocopherol.

common

are d-alpha tocopherol etate or succinate).

to

Who

Is

Likely to

Be Deficient? Severe vitamin

E

deficiencies are rare.

In health

forms of vitamin E

and d-alpha tocopheryl

(ac-

Both of these d (natural) alpha

forms are frequently recommended by doctors of

How Much

Should Take? I

The most commonly recommended dose of vitamin E for adults is 400 IU per day.

natural medicine.

Where Wheat germ

Is It oil,

grains, egg yolks,

nuts, seeds, vegetable oils,

and

Are There Any

Found?

Side Effects? whole

leafy green vegetables all con-

is

widely considered to be

tain vitamin E.

What

Conditions Might Vitamin E Be Supportive? In

Vitamin E toxicity

very rare; supplements are safe.

Are There Any Interactions with

Other Nutrients?

•

Abnormal Pap smear (page

•

Alzheimer's disease (page

•

Angina pectoris

requirements. Vitamin E and selenium (page 203)

•

Atherosclerosis (page 11)

work together

•

Athletic performance (page 14)

body.

Nutritional

Supplements

102)

6)

A

diet high in unsaturated fat increases vitamin

E

to protect fat-soluble parts of the

221

V

N K

NON

(PHY

Where VITAMIN

K

:s

r.eecei

:'::

rrore:

Found?

Is It

Leafy green vegetables are the best sources of

vita-

— .- K

booe formation and blood dotting, in both cases ::i:^:

by helping the bo d

-julcium ::::

144).

What

Conditions Might Vitamin K Be Supportive? In

•

Morning

•

Osteoporosis page l'X

Who

Is

sickness page 93

Likely to

Be Deficient? K

:amin Weeding,

is

deficienc

ran

rt in individuals

K

:d prevent deficiencies that

velop in bi

with certain

-M newborn infants receive

malabsorption disr

mm

;iuses uncontrolled

fhicft

sometimes de-

ifants

How Much

Should

physkia ns sugges :

&

mg of

$-80

I

Take? vitamin

day—a lewd that can be achieved by eating

K

per

vegetables.

Are There Any Side Effects? Vitam in K

Wood

interfere

ththe

thinners. People taking these drugs should

never supplement vitamin physician.

form

.::on of prescription

::

Phylloquinone

:imin

K —has

K

••

::hout consulting a

—

natural

the

vegetable

not been linked with any

Are There Any Interactions with

Other Nutrients? Vitamin K

facilitates the effects

of calcium in build-

ing bone and proper blood clotting.

222

Nutritional

Supplements

WHEY PROTEIN Where WHEY PROTEIN

is

a dairy-

based source of amino acids (protein building blocks).

Whey protein

provides the body with several

Is It

Found?

During the process of making milk into cheese,

whey protein protein

is

is

separated from the milk. This whey

then incorporated into ice cream, bread,

canned soup, infant formulas, and other food prodSupplements containing whey protein are also

ucts.

available.

amino

acids, including leucine (page

177), isoleucine,

and

valine

—

the

branched-chain amino acids (page 138), or

BCAAs, needed

maintenance of muscle

for the

What

Conditions Might Whey Protein Be Supportive? In

tissue.

Athletic performance (page 14)

•

Who Is Likely to Be

Deficient?

Individuals diets

who do not

include dairy foods in their

would not consume whey

amino

acids in

sources, likely.

and

whey protein

protein; however, the

are available

from other

amino acids is unmost Americans consume too much

a deficiency of these

In fact,

rather than too

little

protein.

How Much Should

I

Take?

Most people do not require extra protein such as whey protein. However, athletes in training sometimes take approximately 25 grams of whey protein per day.

Are There Any Side Effects? People to

who

are allergic to dairy products could react

whey protein and should

therefore avoid

tose-intolerant people will also react to tein.

Nutritional

Supplements

As with protein

in general,

it.

Lac-

whey pro-

long-term, excessive

223

intaK-

tion

ssociated with deterioraring kidney func-

s

and possibly osteoporosis. However neither

kidney nor bone problems have been directly associ-

protein, and the other dietary

with

rrotein typical

sour;

the diet than does

ehc

:

:nbute more protein

-

;

:ii.

:

ZINC Where ZINC

is

a

Good

component of more

^od,

wounds, maintain

fertility,

duce, preserve vision, boost

and protect against

pae

nong other

functions.

trial

common coL

shorten the duration of cold symp-

toms. Taking zinc gluconate lozenges every two waking hoir

Athletic pertormar..

•

Benign prostatic hyperplasia page 18)

•

Common cold/ sore throa:

•

Crohn's

•

Diabetes

•

are present. 1

-

_.

ri^e IS

-

-

roe Don Immune funcnoo (page

male

71

r.i;;

•

Infertility

•

Macular degenetatior

•

Night blindness

•

•

Peptic ulcer

•

Recurrent ear infec:

•

Rheum

•

v

•

W3

•

Wound heal:-;

been reported to halve the num'r

symptoms

5

•

•

of days cold

::: ;e:~

;

a nervosa

:d-

men and women

from the

Acne ::;;

free radicals

ing to a double-blind clinical

suffering

-e ed peas,

immu-

Zinc gluconate lozer

involving 100

hb

Conditions Might Zinc Be Supportive? •

nity,

:er>.

What

In

synthesize protein, help cells repro-

Found?

sou:

than 300 enzymes that are needed to repair

Is It

-

ifcrias '.'.

ki e c

Who

~

s

-

Is

page:.

ce

'.

'.'

i r. e

disease

p

ige 126)

Likely to

Be Deficient? :

plementing

w idh

r

marginal zinc deficiencies. Sup25-31

nog

pa

pregnancy- outcome in these group

224

s

Nutritional

Supplements

the

The average diet frequently provides less than recommended daily allowance for zinc. A low-

mg

dose supplement (15

per day) can

in dietary

more common

gaps. Zinc deficiencies are holics

fill

and individuals with

sickle cell

in alco-

anemia, mal-

absorption problems, and chronic kidney disease.

How Much Moderate intakes of

zinc in this disease. 6

The

suggests that zinc

may

condition.

more

Until

latest research,

however,

actually help people with this is

known, people with Alz-

heimer's disease should consult a nutritionally ori-

ented doctor before supplementing zinc.

4

Are There Any Should Take? I

zinc,

15-25 mg, are adequate to

prevent deficiencies. Higher doses (up to 50

certain health conditions, under the supervision of a nutritionally oriented doctor. For the alleviation of

zinc in the zinc gluconate

mg

Other Nutrients?

mg

taken three times per day) are reserved for treating

cold symptoms, lozenges providing 10—15

Interactions with

of

form are generally used

Zinc inhibits copper (page 151) absorption, which can lead to anemia and lower terol (the

"good"

cholesterol).

should be increased ues for

more than

if

8

9

10

HDL choles-

Copper intake

zinc supplementation contin-

a few days (except for individuals

with Wilson's disease). 11

frequently throughout the day.

levels of

Many

zinc supplements, to

prevent copper inhibition, include copper in the for-

mulation.

Are There Any

Zinc competes for absorption with iron (page 173),

Side Effects? Zinc intake

immune

in excess of

function.

lozenges lead to

achache, nausea,

5

300

13

calcium (page 144), 14 and magnesium

(page 182). 15

mg

per day

Some people

may impair

report that zinc

mild problems, such as stom-

mouth

12

irritation,

and a bad

6)

should avoid zinc

supplements

until further studies clarify the role of

Nutritional

Supplements

multiple mineral (page 187) supple-

will prevent

mineral imbalances that can result

from taking high doses of zinc

for

extended periods

of time.

N-acetyl cysteine (page 189), or

taste.

Preliminary research had suggested that patients

with Alzheimer's disease (page

ment

A

crease urinary excretion of zinc.

of

NAC may

16

NAC, may

in-

Long-term users

consider adding supplements of zinc

and copper.

225

PART THREE

HERBS

t

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160

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ennel

261

\

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.

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.

.

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s

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Fenugreek

t5

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sv

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•

:

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iscal

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tu

s

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271

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•

vh

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t

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.

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rsei V

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vv v

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tdbn

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,o> fol

v

-

•

u

Hojrsef

V

hm

>.

•

s

.

w

ft! S

Lucerne

230

Salai

Guggal

238

Ma Huang

259

Sandalwood

304

Maidenhair Tree

268

Sarsaparilla

305

Maitake

288

Saw Palmetto

306

Maleleuca

313

Schisandra

307

anuka

313

Scouring Rush

281

Mangold

241

Scullcap

308

Marshmallov.

289

Senna

309

Melissa

285

Shave Grass

281

Milk Thistle

290

Shiitake

310

Monk's Pepper

317

Siberian Ginseng

257

Mullein

291

Silybum

290

Silymarin

290

Mushroom

288,303,310

Elm

Myrrh

292

Slippery

Nettle

293

St.

John's bread

29

St.

John's

Oats

Wort

311

242 312

Panax ginseng

232

Taheebo

296

Passiflora

295

Tea Tree

313

Passion Flower

295

Turmeric

314

Pau d'Arco

296

Una de Gato

245

Pepper

246

Uva

Ursi

315

Peppermint

297

Valerian

316

Phyllanthus

298

Vitex

317

Plantago Seed

299

White Willow

318

Psyllium

299

Wild Cherry

319

Purple Coneflower

255

Wild Oats

294

Pygeum

300

Wild

Yam

320

Raspberry Leaf

302

Witch Hazel

321

Red Clover

301

Wormwood

322

Red Raspberry

302

Wu-wei-zi

307

Reishi

303

Yohimbe

323

Sabal

306

Yucca

324

Sacred Bark

243

Herbs

229

Mm sum

ALFALFA

What

Conditions Might Alfalfa Be Supportive? In

ALFALFA

is

pea family and

a is

member of

the

native to western

•

High cholesterol (page 62)

•

Poor appetite

Asia and the eastern Mediterranean region. Alfalfa sprouts have

become

a popular food. Alfalfa herbal sup-

plements primarily use the dried leaves of the plant.

Historical or Traditional Use Early Chinese physicians used young alfalfa leaves to disorders of the digestive tract. 1 In India,

treat

Ayurvedic physicians prescribed the leaves and flowering tops for poor digestion.

It

was

also considered

therapeutic for water retention and arthritis.

American Indians recommended

alfalfa

North

to

treat

jaundice and to encourage blood clotting.

Although conspicuously absent from many sic

clas-

textbooks on herbal medicine, alfalfa did find a

home

in the texts of the Eclectic

physicians as a tonic

for indigestion, dyspepsia, anemia, loss of appetite,

and poor assimilation of

nutrients. 2

The

plant was

recommended to stimulate lactation in nursing mothers. The seeds have also been traditionally made into a poultice for the treatment of boils and

also

insect bites.

Active Constituents The

constituents in alfalfa are well studied.

leaves contain

about 2-3%

ies indicate that

saponins.

3

The

Animal stud-

these constituents block absorption

of cholesterol and prevent the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.

4

It

should be noted that excess

consumption of saponins may potentially cause

damage to

red blood cells in the body.

The

leaves also

contain flavones, isoflavones, sterols, and coumarin derivatives.

The

isoflavones are probably the part of

the plant responsible for the estrogen-like effects in

animals. Although this has not been confirmed with

human trials,

230

it is

used popularly to treat menopause

Herbs

symptoms. Alfalfa also contains protein and

vita-

mins A, Bl, B6, C, E, and K. Nutrient analysis also demonstrates the presence of calcium, potassium, iron,

and

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? Moderate use of the dried

zinc.

leaves of alfalfa

lergic to alfalfa. Ingestion of large

Dried

alfalfa leaf is available as a

tablets or capsules. tracts.

I

Take?

bulk herb and

in

also available in liquid ex-

It is

No therapeutic dose of alfalfa has been estab-

lished

for

500-1,000 tincture.

humans.

mg

Some

experts

recommend

of the dried leaf per day or 1-2 ml of

5

al-

amounts of the

seed and/or sprouts has been linked to the onset of

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in animal studies.

6

SLE

is

a dangerous

autoimmune

illness that is

characterized by inflamed joints and potential kid-

ney damage. The chemical responsible for is

this effect

believed to be canavanine. Persons with

SLE or

with a history of SLE should avoid the use of alfalfa products.

ALOE

(Aloe vera, Aloe barbadensis)

What Conditions Might

In

THE ALOE PLANT came from

Africa.

The

originally

Aloe Be Supportive?

leaves are

•

Constipation (page 32)

•

Diabetes (page 39)

•

Maintaining a healthy pancreas

•

Minor burns

•

Wound

used; they are long, green, fleshy,

and have spikes along the edges. The fresh leaf gel

residue

and

left after

latex (the sticky

the liquid from cut

aloe leaves has evaporated) are used for

usually

There have been isolated reports of persons

safe.

How Much Should

is

many purposes.

healing

Historical or Traditional Use Aloe has been historically used conditions tion

and

it is

for

for

many of

same

used for today, particularly constipa-

minor cuts and burns.

In India,

also used to treat intestinal infections

pressed menses.

the

The

and

it

was

for sup-

root was used for colic.

Active Constituents The

constituents that cause the cathartic laxative

effects of aloe latex are

glycosides.

known

These molecules are

as

anthraquinone

split

by the normal

bacteria in the large intestines to form other molecules (aglycones), which exert the laxative action.

Herbs

231

Various constituents have been shown to have anti-

inflammatory healing.

1

effects as well as to stimulate

Preliminary

antibacterial effect.

evidence

wound

suggests

also

an

2

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? Except ical

How Much Should

I

Take?

mg capsule for a maximum

For constipation, a single 50-200

of

aloe latex can be taken each day

of

person

who

application of the gel

is

medical attention vere burns

is

Topically for

stabilized aloe gel

applied to the affected area of skin three to five

more

times per day. Treatment of

should only be done after

first

serious burns

consulting a health

harmless. For any burn

and wounds, aloe

pede healing.

allergic to aloe, top-

otherwise severe,

is

absolutely essential. In gel

may

some

se-

actually im-

3

Laxative preparations,

minor burns, the

is

that blisters significantly or

ten days.

is

in the rare

if

used for more than ten

consecutive days, can aggravate constipation and

cause dependency. Constipation that does not

re-

may

re-

solve within a few days of use of laxatives

quire medical attention.

care professional. For internal use of aloe gel, 30 ml three times per day

is

used by some people.

ASIAN GINSENG (Mm psemj What

In

COMMON NAMES:

Korean

is

a

member

of the Araliaceae family, which also

Might Asian Ginseng •

Aerobic capacity

•

Alzheimer's disease (page

•

Atherosclerosis (page 11)

•

Athletic performance (page 14)

• •

Chemotherapy support (page Chronic fatigue syndrome

•

Common cold/sore throat

•

Diabetes (page 39)

includes the closely related Ameri-

can ginseng, Panax quinquefolius,

and

less-similar Siberian ginseng,

Eleutherococcus senticosus, also

known

as eleuthero (page 257)

Asian ginseng commonly grows on

mountain slopes and vested in the

fall.

The

is

Conditions

Be Supportive?

ginseng, Chinese ginseng

ASIAN GINSENG

a %erj 6)

25)

(page 28)

•

Endurance and

•

Fibromyalgia (page 53)

•

Influenza

•

Male reproductive system support

stress

(flu)

usually har-

root

is

used.

Historical or Traditional Use Asian ginseng has been a part of Chinese medicine for over 2,000 years.

232

The

first

reference to the health-

Herbs

enhancing use of Asian ginseng dates to the

first

How Much Should

I

Take?

century A.D., in which the writer mentions ginseng's use as follows: "It

is

used for repairing the

emotion,

viscera, quieting the spirit, curbing the

stopping agitation,

five

removing noxious influence,

brightening the eyes, enlightening the mind, and increasing wisdom. Continuous use leads one to

longevity with light weight." Ginseng

monly used by

was com-

elderly persons in the Orient to im-

prove mental and physical

The primary group

are the

ginsenosides, which are believed to increase energy, stress,

and enhance

intellec-

and physical performance. Thirteen ginseno-

tual

have

been

herbal

ized

4-7% be

extracts

ginsenosides;

less effective

that

approximately

supply

more concentrated

extracts

due to reduction of panaxan

People often take 100-200

mg

may

levels.

per day. Nonstan-

dardized extracts require a higher intake, generally

1-2 grams per day for tablets or 2-3 ml for fresh is

usually used for

three

weeks continuously, followed by

week

"rest" period before resuming.

two

to

a one- to two-

Are There Any Side

Ginseng's actions in the body are due to a complex

counter the effects of

best researched forms of ginseng are standard-

herb tincture. Ginseng

vitality.

Active Constituents interplay of constituents.

The

Asian

Effects or Interactions? recommended dosage, ginseng is generally safe. In rare instances, it may cause overstimulation and possibly insomnia. Consuming caffeine Used

at the

ginseng.

with ginseng increases the risk of overstimulation

Ginsenosides Rgl and Rbl have received the most

and gastrointestinal upset. Persons with uncon-

sides

attention.

identified

in

1

trolled high

Other constituents include the panaxans, which

blood pressure should not use ginseng.

Long-term use of ginseng may cause menstrual ab-

help lower blood sugar, and the polysaccharides

normalities and breast tenderness in

(complex sugar molecules), which support immune

Ginseng

function. 2

ing

ASTRAGALUS

(jkfrajo/i/s

is

some women.

not recommended for pregnant or lactat-

women.

mmbtdmevs)

While there are over 2,000 types of astragalus world-

COMMON NAME:

Huang qi

wide, the Chinese version has been extensively tested,

ASTRAGALUS

is

both chemically and pharmacologically.

1

native to

northern China and the elevated regions of the Chinese provinces

Yunnan and Sichuan. The portion of the plant used medicinally

is

the

What

Conditions Might Astragalus Be Supportive? In

four- to seven-year-old dried root

collected in the spring.

Herbs

•

Alzheimer's disease (page

•

Chemotherapy support (page

•

Common cold/sore throat

•

Immune function

6)

25)

(page 28)

(page 72)

233

Historical or Traditional Use

pears to restore T-cell

Shen Nong, the founder of Chinese herbal medicine,

relatively

herb's immune-potentiating actions. Astragalus ap-

cell

classified astragalus as a superior cal treatise

Nong

Shen

qi translates as "yel-

low leader," referring to the yellow color of the root

and

its

one of the most important tonic

status as

is

type of white blood

part of the lymphocyte family) counts to

normal ranges

in

some cancer

patients.

classi-

Pen Tsao Ching (circa A.D.

The Chinese name huang

100).

herb in his

that

(a specific

How Much

Should Take? I

Textbooks on Chinese herbs recommend taking 9-15 grams of the crude herb per day in decoction

herbs. Traditional Chinese medicine utilized this

form.

herb for night sweats, deficiency of chi

water for a few minutes and then brewing the

(e.g., fatigue,

weakness, and loss of appetite), and diarrhea. 2

A

decoction

is

made by

boiling the root in

Supplements typically contain 500

mg of

tea.

astragalus.

Two to three tablets or capsules or 3-5 ml of tincture three times per day are often

recommended.

Active Constituents Astragalus contains numerous components, including flavonoids, polysaccharides, triterpene glycosides (e.g., astragalosides I— VII),

trace minerals.

3

LB

I

acids,

and

Research conducted by the M.D.

Anderson Hospital

D

amino

in

Houston, Texas, confirms

RY

n

E

this

(lfacc//i/i//n

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? Astragalus has no

relative of

American

blueberry, bilberry grows in north-

The

The

leaves

ficial

ripe berries are used.

may

as

What

Conditions Might Bilberry Be Supportive? •

Atherosclerosis (page 11)

•

Bruising

•

Cataracts (page 24)

•

Circulation

•

Diabetes (page 39)

•

Macular degeneration (page

•

Night blindness (page

•

Retinopathy

•

Varicose veins

also contain bene-

compounds.

when used

myrffc]

ern Europe, Canada, and the United States.

side effects

recommended.

In

A CLOSE

known

85)

95)

Historical or Traditional Use The dried berries and leaves of bilberry have been recommended for a wide variety of conditions, in-

234

Herbs

eluding scurvy, urinary tract infections, and kidney stones. Perhaps the

tion

is

most sound

the use of the dried berries for the treatment

of diarrhea.

Modern

based on

use by British World

its

research of bilberry was partly

War

pilots,

II

noticed that their night vision improved

jam prior to night bombing

ate bilberry

How Much

Should Take? I

historical applica-

who

People often take 240-480

mg

per day of bilberry

herbal extract in capsules or tablets standardized to

provide

25%

anthocyanosides.

when they

raids.

Are There Any Side Active Constituents

Effects or Interactions?

Anthocyanosides, the bioflavonoid complex berries, are potent antioxidants.

mal formation of connective capillaries in the body.

1

in bil-

They support norand strengthen

tissue

Anthocyanosides may also

improve capillary and venous blood

In

recommended amounts,

effects

grows

commonly prescribed drugs, and there are no known contraindications to its use during preg-

(tonb ckwntia) What

fruit

of this plant

—

name

it

lives

up to

leaves,

of bitter melon have

all

Diabetes (page 39)

•

HIV

•

Psoriasis (page 112)

support

The

its

tastes very bitter. Al-

though the seeds,

•

used

as a food as well as a medicine.

Conditions

Be Supportive?

East Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, it is

inter-

Might Bitter Melon

in

tropical areas, including parts of

and South America, where

with bilberry extract. Bilberry does not

side

act with

In

MELON

no known

nancy or lactation.

flow.

BITTER MELON BITTER

there are

and vines

been used,

Historical or Traditional Use Being a relatively

was

common

food item, bitter melon

traditionally used for a dazzling array of condi-

Numerous infecamong the most

tions by people in tropical regions.

the fruit

is

the safest and

most tions,

prevalent part of the plant used medicinally.

cancer,

common The

conditions

leaves

ally to

and diabetes

and

make

fruit

teas

it

are

was purported

to improve. 1

have both been used occasion-

and beer or

to season soups in the

Western world. The berries also produce wax, which can be made into candles.

Herbs

235

Are There Any Side

Active Constituents At ter

least three different

groups of constituents

melon have been reported

in bit-

hypoglycemic

to have

vblood sugar lowering) or other actions of potential benefit in diabetes mellitus. These include a mixture

of steroidal saponins like peptides,

of these gether.

and

most

is

Two

alkaloids.

2

effective or

proteins,

momorchann,

known

inhibit

as charantin, insulinIt is still if

all

unclear which

three

work

to-

known as alpha- and betathe AIDS virus, but this re-

search has only been demonstrated in test tubes and

not in humans. 3 bitter

melon

An

as yet unidentified constituent in

inhibits the

enzyme guanylate

Effects or Interactions? Excessively high doses of bitter

melon

can

juice

cause abdominal pain and diarrhea. Small children or anyone with hypoglycemia should not take bitter

melon because

this

herb could theoretically trigger

or worsen low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Further-

more, diabetics taking hypoglycemic drugs (such as chlorpropamide, glybunde, or phenformin) or

in-

melon only under medical

su-

sulin should use bitter

pervision, as the drugs

it

may

potentiate the effectiveness of

and lead to severe hypoglycemia.

cyclase,

an act that may benefit people with psoriasis.

Special United

How Much

Should Take? I

Kingdom

Considerations melon

either not available or

may

require a

For those with a taste or tolerance for bitter flavor, a

Bitter

small melon can be eaten as food or up to 50 ml of

prescription. Please check with your nutritionally

fresh juice can be

who do

drunk per day An option

for those

is

oriented physician.

not care for the bitter taste are bitter melon

tinctures, of

which 5 ml

is

generally taken

two

to

three times per day.

BLACK COHOSH

(Gm/c/fi/jo

The

BLACK COHOSH like

forests of

is

a shrub-

1

When

wild harvested, the root

black in color. Cohosh, an Algonquin Indian

meaning "rough,"

refers to

its

is

word

gnarly root structure. 2

North America,

ranging from southern Ontario to Georgia, north to Wisconsin and west to Arkansas.

236

dried root and rhizome are the constituents uti-

lized medicinally.

plant native to the eastern decid-

uous

lacemso)

What

Conditions Might Black Cohosh Be Supportive? In

•

Menopause

•

Painful menstruation

•

Uterine spasms

(page 87)

Herbs

many

Historical or Traditional Use many

pausal

Some

bites.

nineteenth-

century American physicians used black cohosh for

problems such as

and insomnia.

fever,

menstrual cramps,

women.

secretions in

meno-

4

it

conditions, ranging from gynecological

problems to rattlesnake

LH

black cohosh decreases

Native American Indians valued the herb and used for

have demonstrated that an alcohol extract of

arthritis,

How Much Should

I

Take?

Black cohosh can be taken in several forms, includ-

mg per (250 mg

ing crude, dried root, or rhizome (300-2,000

day) or as a solid, dry powdered extract

3

three times per day). Tinctures can be taken at 2-4

ml per

Active Constituents

available

Black cohosh contains several important ingredients, including triterpene glycosides (e.g., acetin

and

tin).

the active element in the herb that

binds to estrogen receptor gen-like

activity

proaches ovaries

in

body.

the

menopause,

sites,

the

inducing an estro-

As

a

signals

mg

1

of deoxyacteine per

40

is

mg

twice per day. 6

it

should be discontinued.

acids,

tannins, resins, fatty acids, starches, and sugars. Foris

and contain

formonone-

Other constituents include aromatic

mononetin

Standardized extracts of the herb are

Black cohosh can be taken for up to six months, and then

(e.g.,

5

The usual amount

tablet.

cimicifugoside) and isoflavones

day.

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions?

woman

ap-

Black cohosh has an estrogen-like

between

the

who

and pituitary gland diminish, slowing down

effect,

and

women

are pregnant or lactating should not use the

may cause abdominal

herb. Large doses of this herb

pain, nausea, headaches,

mone (LH)

ing estrogen therapy should consult a physician be-

these

secretions.

Hot

hormonal changes.

flashes

can result from

Clinical studies

from Ger-

and

Women tak-

estrogen production and increasing luteinizing hor-

dizziness.

fore using black cohosh.

BLESSED THISTLE ftwkitej What

Conditions Might Blessed Thistle Be Supportive? In

ALTHOUGH NATIVE Europe and Asia, blessed

to

thistle is

now cultivated in many areas of

the

•

Indigestion and heartburn

•

Poor appetite

world, including the United States.

The

leaves, stems,

and flowers are

used in herbal preparations.

all

Historical or Traditional Use Folk medicine utilized blessed thistle tea for digestive

problems,

including

gas,

constipation,

stomach upset. This herb was also used for

Herbs

liver

and and

237

gallbladder diseases, in a similar

known

relative,

milk

thistle

way

as

its

well-

page 19\

the dried her t> ca n ilso be added to 250 boiling

make

Active Constituents The sesquiterpene the

main

lactones, such as cnicin, provide

terness of these

compounds

gastric juice,

bit-

digestion. 2 There

is

some evidence

cup) of

drunk each c

a tea. Three cups can be

Effects or Interactions? ^ed thistle

and secretion of

which leads to improved appetite and

(1

and beeped ten to fifteen minutes to

Are There Any Side

stimulates digestive ac-

tivity including the flow of saliva

tle

The

beneficial effects of blessed thistle.

am

ml

is

and

relatively safe

Anyone with

free

from

side ef-

allergies to plants in the daisy

family should use blessed thistle caution

s

that blessed this-

also has anti-inflammatory prop--

How Much Many

Should

I

Take?

people take 2 ml three times per day of

Approximate

blessed thistle tincture.

_

-rams of

BOSWEUIAfeyAsemito. What

Conditions Might Boswellia Be Supportive?

In

COMMON NAME:

Salai

•

guggal

BOSWELLIA

is

a

moderate

to large branching tree

found

the dry, hilly areas of India.

the tree trunk oleoresin

is

is

tapped, a

exuded.

extract of this resin

modern herbal

Bursitis

\

_

•

Osteoarthn::> ::::-"

•

Rheum

rthrins

page 115

in

When

gummy

Historical or Traditional Use

A purified

In the ancient Ayurvedic medical texts of India, the

used in

gummy exudate from boswellia is grouped with other gum reams, vhich are referred to collectively as

is

preparations.

guggals. Historically, the

gnggak were recommended

for a variety of conditions, including arthritis, diar-

rhea, dysentery

pulmonary

disease,

and ringworm.

Active Constituents The gum

oleoresin consist

Terpenoids.

boswell

238

.s.

:

;_~.

The terpenoid :hat have been

s

:

...c ~.

—

Herbs

1 constituents in boswellia. Today, extracts are typi-

37.5-65% boswellic

cally standardized to contain

be taken three times per day. Treatment with boswellia generally lasts eight to twelve weeks.

acids.

Studies have

shown

that the boswellic acids have

an anti-inflammatory action ventional

— much

like the

drugs

anti-inflammatory

nonsteroidal

(NSAIDs) used by many

for

con-

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions?

inflammatory condiBoswellia

tions. Boswellia inhibits

is

generally safe

when used

as directed.

pro-inflammatory media-

tors in the body, such as leukotrienes.

2

Rare side

As opposed

to

nausea.

NSAIDs, long-term use of boswellia does not

effects

joint condition should

lead to

monitored by a nutritionally oriented

be closely irritation or ulceration of the

can include diarrhea, skin rash, and

Any inflammatory

stomach. physician.

How Much Should

I

Take?

The standardized extract of the gum oleoresin of boswellia is recommended. For rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis,

many people

times per day. As an example,

37.5% boswellic

acids,

400

if

take 150

three

an extract contains

mg of

BURDOCK

mg

the extract should

(ktim

Special United

Considerations Boswellia

is

Europe. The root

native to Asia is

and

the primary

chewing and

soft

tastes sweet,

mucilaginous texture.

either not available or

may

require a pre-

ented physician.

km) What Conditions Might

Burdock Be Supportive? •

Acne (page

•

Psoriasis (page 112)

•

Rheumatoid

source of most herbal preparations.

The root becomes very

is

scription. Please check with your nutritionally ori-

In

BURDOCK

Kingdom

5)

arthritis (page 115)

with

with a

Historical or Traditional Use In traditional herbal texts,

burdock root

as a blood purifier or alterative.

1

is

described

Burdock root was

believed to clear the bloodstream of toxins.

used both internally and

psoriasis as well as to treat painful joints uretic.

In

traditional

It

was

eczema and

externally for

and

as a di-

Chinese medicine, burdock

root in combination with other herbs

is

used to treat

2 sore throats, tonsillitis, colds, and even measles.

It is

eaten as a vegetable in Japan and elsewhere.

Herbs

239

Burdock root has recently become popular

as

How Much

Should Take?

Traditional herbalists

recommend 2—4 ml of burdock

I

part of a tea to treat cancer. To date, only minimal research has substantiated this application. 3

root tincture per day. For the dried root preparation

common amount to take is 1-2 times per day. Many herbal preparations

in capsule form, the

Active Constituents Burdock root contains high amounts of mucilage. This

may

explain

grams three

and

inulin

soothing effects on

its

combine burdock root with other

will

alterative

herbs, such as yellow dock, red clover, or cleavers.

the gastrointestinal tract. Bitter constituents in the

root

may

also explain the traditional use of burdock

to improve digestion. that have been

shown

Burdock root and slightly

It

also contains polyacetylenes

to have antimicrobial activity.

fruit

also have the ability to

lower blood sugar (hypoglycemic

ef:

Even though test-tube and animal studies have cated

some antitumor

results

activity for

have not been duplicated

indi-

burdock root, these in

human

Are There Any Side

4

studies."*

BUTCHER'S BROOM

Effects or Interactions? - E

of

erally safe. ties

may

spiny, small-leafed evergreen

is

a

bush

native to the Mediterranean region

and northwest Europe. ber of the

lily

family and

to asparagus in

roots

many

a

It is

is

ways.

are used medicinallv.

listed here

However, burdock root

is

gen-

in large quanti-

stimulate the uterus and therefore should be

What

Conditions Might Butcher's Broom Be Supportive? •

Atherosclerosis page

•

Chronic venous insufficiency

•

Hemorrhoids page

•

\

1

tv

ancose veins

The

and young stems of butcher's

broom

dosages

«m «**)

mem-

similar

in the

used with caution during pregnancy.

In

BUTCHER'S BROOM

burdock root

Historical or Traditional Use Butcher's

broom

is

so

named

bei

.

:he mature

branches were bundled and used as brooms by butchers.

The young shoots were sometimes eaten

food. Ancient physicians used the roc in the

ts

is

I

d

as

i

treatment of urinary problem >

Active Constituents Steroidal molecules called

ruscogemn and neor--

genin are responsible for the medicinal acmor

240

-

Herbs

butcher's

wild

yam

broom. 2 Similar to diosgenin, found

(page 320), ruscogenins decrease vascular

permeability

matory

in

—which accounts

mg

of rusco-

genins per day can be taken.

for the anti-inflam-

broom

activity of this herb. Butcher's

causes small veins to constrict.

dardized extracts providing 50-100

also

3 4

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions?

How Much Should

There are no significant side I

Take?

butcher's

broom

is

effects or

used in the amounts

problems

if

listed here.

Ointments and suppositories including butcher's

broom

are typically used for hemorrhoids.

These are

often applied or inserted at night before going to bed. Encapsulated butcher's

combined with vitamin for systemic

1,000

mg

broom

in the

be used

amount of

three times per day. Alternatively, stan-

CALENDULA

Considerations Butcher's

CALENDULA

broom

is

either not available or

may

re-

quire a prescription. Please check with your nutritionally oriented physician.

(Calendula officinalis)

What

Conditions Might Calendula Be Supportive? In

COMMON NAME:

Kingdom

extracts, often

C or flavonoids, can

venous insufficiency

Special United

Marigold

grows as a com-

mon garden plant throughout North

•

Eczema (page 49)

•

Gastritis

•

Minor burns

•

Wound healing

America and Europe. The goldenorange or yellow flowers of calendula have been used as medicine

(including sunburn)

Historical or Traditional Use

for centuries.

Calendula flowers were historically considered beneficial

and

for reducing inflammation,

as

an

to eczema.

antiseptic.

1

wound

healing,

Calendula was used to treat

Internally, the soothing effects of calen-

dula have been used for stomach ulcers and inflam-

mation.

A sterile tea has also been applied in cases of

conjunctivitis.

Active Constituents The

flavonoids, found in high

account for much of

Herbs

its

amounts

in calendula,

anti-inflammatory activity; 2

241

triterpene saponins

may

also be important. 3 Calen-

Investigations into anticancer tions of calendula are continuing.

calendula for cancer. There use of calendula for

some

is

day.

Tincture

At

similarly used

is

ml each time. The

tinc-

antiviral ac-

ture can be taken in water or tea. Prepared oint-

this time, there

ments are often useful for skin problems, although

and

recommend

insufficient evidence to

drunk per

three times a day, taking 1-2

dula also contains carotenoids.

is

generally

clinical use of

wet dressings made by dipping cloth into the tea

evidence suggesting

(after

The con-

ment

viral infections.

stituents responsible for these actions are not en-

it

has cooled) are also

for eye conditions

solute sterility

is

effective.

Home

treat-

not recommended, as ab-

must be maintained.

tirely clear.

How Much Should

I

Take?

A tea of calendula can be made by pouring 200 ml of

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? who

boiling water over 1-2 teaspoons of the flowers,

Except for the very rare person

which

steeped, covered for ten to fifteen minutes,

endula and therefore should not use

and then drunk. At

known

is

strained,

CAR OB

least 3

cups of tea are

(Cetatom

St.

John's

bread

CAROB

is

originally

mostly

in

The pods

it is

grown

Mediterranean countries. are used.

Carob pods

evergreen trees; the

from carob seeds bean gum.

is

there are

no

side effects or interactions.

What Conditions Might

Carob Be Supportive? •

Diarrhea (page 44)

•

Indigestion and heartburn

Historical or Traditional Use Carob has long been eaten as food. John the Baptist is said to have eaten it, and thus it is sometimes called St. John's bread.

come from

it,

from the

Mediterranean region and the western part of Asia. Today

allergic to cal-

s/ft/wjj

In

COMMON NAME:

is

gum

Carob pods have been used

to treat diarrhea for centuries.

called locust

Active Constituents The main

constituents of carob are large carbohy-

drates (sugars) and tannins.

gummy

The sugars make carob

and able to act as a thickener to absorb

water and help bind together watery

stools.

Tannins

from carob, being water insoluble, do not bind proteins as

some tannins

do.

Carob tannins do bind

to

(and thereby inactivate) toxins and inhibit growth of

242

Herbs

bacteria

—both of which

are beneficial in the treat-

with plenty of water. Please note that infant diar-

and sugars may

rhea must be monitored by a health care profes-

ment of diarrhea. Dietary

make food more terfere

fiber

viscous in the stomach and thus in-

with reflux of acid into the esophagus.

How Much Should Commonly,

15

Take?

I

grams of carob powder

1

is

mixed with

applesauce for children. Adults should take at least

The powder can be mixed in applesauce or with sweet potatoes. Carob should be taken

20 grams a

day.

and that proper hydration with

sional

electrolyte fluid

is

critical

a

high

during acute diarrhea.

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? Carob

is

generally very safe; only rarely have allergic

reactions been reported.

CAS CA R A (tkmvs (mish'mi cortex) What

Conditions Might Cascara Be Supportive? In

COMMON NAMES:

Cascara

sagrada, sacred bark

CASCARA medium-size

is

•

Constipation (page 32)

a small- to

tree native to the

provinces and states of the Pacific coast, including British

Columbia,

Historical or Traditional Use Northern California Indians introduced

this herb,

which they called sacred bark, to sixteenth-century

Washington, Oregon, and Northern California.

The bark of

the tree

is

Spanish explorers. Being

dried for one year before being used

in its laxative

action than the herb buckthorn, cascara

popular

removed, cut into small pieces, and

much milder

Europe

in

as a treatment for constipation.

Cascara has been part of the since 1890.

became

U.S.

Pharmacopoeia

1

medicinally. Fresh bark has an

emetic, or vomit-inducing, property

and therefore

is

not used.

Active Constituents Cascara

bark

is

high

in

hydroxyanthraquinone

glycosides called cascarosides. Resins, tannins, and lipids ents.

make up

the bulk of the other bark ingredi-

Cascarosides have a cathartic action, inducing

the large intestine to increase

its

muscular contrac-

tion (peristalsis), resulting in bowel

Herbs

movement. 2

243

How Much Should

Take?

I

Only the dried form of cascara should be used. Two capsules containing dried cascara can be taken up to

two times per

day.

generally taken.

As

It

is

a tincture, 1-5

ml per day

important to drink eight 6-

ounce glasses of water throughout the should be taken for a

is

maximum of

day.

Cascara

3 eight to ten days.

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? Women who

are pregnant or lactating should not

use cascara without the advice of a physician. Those

with an intestinal obstruction should not employ this herb.

Long-term use or abuse of cascara may

cause a loss of electrolytes (especially the mineral

potassium) or weaken the colon. Loss of potassium

may

potentiate the action of digitalis-like medica-

tions with fatal consequences.

CAIN IP

%efocoforaj

What

Conditions Might Catnip Be Supportive? In

THE CATNIP PLANT in

grows

North America and Europe. The

leaves

and flowers are

medicine.

•

Cough

•

Insomnia (page 79)

utilized as

Historical or Traditional Use Catnip

is

famous

state in felines.

been used

in

for inducing a delirious, stimulated

Throughout

humans

history, this

herb has

1 to produce a sedative effect.

Catnip tea was a regular beverage

in

England before

the introduction of tea from China. 2 Several other

conditions (including cancer, toothache, corns, and hives) have

been treated with catnip by traditional

herbalists.

Active Constituents The

essential oil in catnip contains a

monoterpene

similar to the valepotriates found in valerian, an even

more widely renowned

sedative.

3

Animal

cept those involving cats) have found sleep.

4

The monoterpenes

How Much

it

studies (exto increase

also help with coughs.

Should Take? I

A catnip tea can be made by adding 250 ml

(1

cup) of

boiling water to 1-2 teaspoons of the herb; cover,

244

Herbs

then steep for ten to fifteen minutes. Drink 2-3 cups per day. For children with coughs, 5 ml of tincture three times per day can be used.

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? Using reasonable doses, no side

effects

with catnip

have been noted.

CAT'S

CLAW

(Ita/ff tomntoso)

What Conditions

In

CAT'S

CLAW

forests of the

grows

in the rain

Andes mountains

South America, particularly

The

root bark

is

in

Might Cat's Claw

Be Supportive?

in Peru.

•

Immune

•

Inflammation

function (page 72)

used as medicine.

Historical or Traditional Use Cat's claw has been reportedly used by indigenous

peoples

in the

Andes

to treat inflammation,

rheuma-

and

as birth

tism, gastric ulcers, tumors, dysentery,

control.

1

Cat's claw

is

popular

in

South American

folk medicine for intestinal complaints, gastric ulcers, arthritis,

and to promote wound healing.

Active Constituents Oxyindole alkaloids appear to of

its activity, 2

much immune

give cat's claw

particularly to stimulate the

The

alkaloids and other constituents, such

as glycosides,

may account for the anti-inflammatory

system.

and antioxidant actions of Although

cat's

scientific

3 4

claw has become very popular

North America and is little

this herb.

is

in

used for cancer and HIV, there

evidence to support the use of cat's

claw for these conditions.

How Much Should

I

Take?

A cat's claw tea is prepared from 1 gram of root bark by adding 250 ml

Herbs

(1

cup) of water and boiling for ten

245

to fifteen minutes. After cooling

cup

is

and

straining,

one

drunk three times per day. Alternatively, 1-2

ml of tincture can be taken up to two times per or 20—60

mg

day,

of a standardized dry extract can he

multiple sclerosis, and tuberculosis. European prac-

combining

titioners avoid

herb with hormonal

this

drugs, insulin, or vaccines. Cat's claw, until proven safe,

should be taken only with great caution by

pregnant or lactating women.

taken per day

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? No

serious adverse effects have yet been reported.

Cat's claw

is

contraindicated in

autoimmune

illness,

1

l

J

(Cofskm

mum,

(apskm

What

Conditions Might Cayenne Be Supportive? In

ORIGINALLY FROM

South

America, the cayenne plant h spread across the globe both as

Bursitis

•

Diabetic neuropathy

•

Osteoarthritis (page 97)

is

•

Psoriasis page

•

Rheumatoid

•

Shingles herpes zoster) postherpetic

very closely related to bell peppers, jalapenos, paprika, and other simi-

peppers.

The

fruit

is

page 20)

•

a

food and as a medicine. Cayenne

lar

fritfesce/is]

1

12

arthritis (page 115)

|

neuralgia

used.

Historical or Traditional Use The

potent, hot fruit of cayenne has been used as

medicine for centuries. various

conditions

was considered helpful

It

of

the

gastrointestinal

for

tract,

including stomachaches, cramping pains, and gas.

Cayenne was frequently used to circulatory system.

It

is

still

treat diseases of the

traditionally used in

herbal medicine as a circulatory tonic believed to improve circulation).

cayenne

is

termed

something that causes it is

A

the skin,

modern, remedy

arthritis

a counterirritant effect.

substance

Rubbed on

a traditional, as well as

for rheumatic pains and

(a

due to what

eounterirritant

irritation to a tissue to

is is

which

applied, thus distracting from the original irrita-

tion (such as joint pain in the case of arthritis).

246

Herbs

Active Constituents

accidentally

reaching the eyes, nose, or mouth,

which would cause a burning sensation.

Cayenne contains

known

a resinous

and pungent substance

as capsaicin. This chemical relieves pain

on sensory

itching by acting

and

nerves. Capsaicin tem-

apply the cream to areas of broken skin. tincture can be used in the

times

amount

A

Do

not

cayenne

of 0.3-1 ml three

daily.

porarily stimulates release of various neurotransmitters

from these nerves, leading to

their depletion.

Without the neurotransmitters, pain signals can no longer be sent. 1

The

effect

and other constituents

is

temporary. Capsaicin

cayenne have been shown

in

to have several other actions, including reducing platelet stickiness

and acting as antioxidants.

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? Besides causing a mild burning for the plications (or severe burning in sensitive areas,

How Much

Should Take? are gen-

There may be a burning sensation for

cream

the first several times the

is

the necessary

must be carefully and thoroughly washed

the

the daisy family,

is

a

member of

native to

Europe

and western Asia. German

chamomile used.

The

is

the

most commonly

dried flowers are utilized

medicinally.

ulcers, but

rarely achieved with sen-

may have an

first

to the skin,

allergic reaction to the

some

cream, so

application should be to a very small area

of skin.

mm In

CHAMOMILE,

is

As with anything applied people

CHAMOMILE uumm

amount

may cause

sible intake.

should gradually decrease with each use. The hands

or gloves should be worn, to prevent the cream from

accidentally placed

from use of the capsaicin cream. Very high

intake of cayenne internally

applied, but this

after use,

few ap-

such as the eyes), there are no side

I

Creams containing 0.025-0.075% capsaicin erally used.

effects

if

first

What

Conditions

Might Chamomile

Be Supportive? Blocked tear duct

Canker sores (mouth

ulcers) (page 21)

Colic

Diarrhea (page 44)

Eczema (page

49)

Gingivitis (periodontal disease) (page 56)

Indigestion and heartburn

Insomnia (page 79) Irritable

bowel syndrome (page

81)

Peptic ulcer (page 103)

Skin irritations

Herbs

247

Historical or Traditional Use

:: :

:

:"

:>:

—

-

~

::

': ""*:"__:: \\:r:

'

~ -.

.

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions 7

Active Constituents

rcro-T .

-

ztm

.

i~ i:

~

:

:

:

.":

:.~ .

.~

: -

'

.

:

~ .

'

.

~

:;."""• v:

;

i~ :•".

.

"

~

-

;? ;

•

::~s~

tit -

.:"

.l

-

-

:

.

'

:

.

:

:*•:•;•

:>z.i

r

:

:

'

;

;

.

~

:>i.

.

:

l.~>i

ZZH fcUMBU-MI

i*-t'

i

How Much Should Take 7 I

t:»u!

:

~:

,,'EED

u

IStellow media)

In

THE UBIQUITOUS, ;•

-

:

:

r

.

soul

.

r

-

-

i:r: -si

What

Conditions

Might Chickweed Be Supportive 7

•:

Historical or Traditional Use i

"-: .""

-

:

;

v-,ic

7f.~L-T.

~: ~

i.:~r.

">__

_'

x .

-"*-"

___"

Chinese herbalists used a tea made from

tional

chickweed to

How Much Should Although formerly used as a use today

Active Constituents The

active constituents in

known.

It

chickweed are largely un-

contains relatively high amounts of vita-

Although some

practice.

this

has

not

is

as a

tea,

cream applied

chickweed's main

liberally several times

been validated in

tions (e.g., eczema) to ease itching tion.

As

a tincture, 1-5

and inflamma-

ml per day can be taken.

its

older information suggests

a possible benefit for chickweed in rheumatic conditions,

Take?

each day to rashes and inflammatory skin condi-

mins and flavonoids, which may explain some of effect.

I

treat nosebleeds.

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions?

clinical

2

No

side effects with

chickweed have been reported.

CRANBERRY (MKUMMtnapN) What Conditions

In

CRANBERRY the

same family

is

a

member of

as bilberry.

bogs.

The

ripe fruit

is

Be Supportive?

It is

from North American and grows

Might Cranberry

in

•

Urinary tract infection (page 120)

used.

Historical or Traditional Use Cranberry has been used to prevent kidney stones

and "bladder gravel" as well

as to

remove toxins

from the blood. Cranberry has long been recom-

mended

for persons with recurrent urinary tract in-

fections (UTIs).

Active Constituents Cranberry prevents E.

coli, the

most common cause

of UTIs and recurrent UTIs, from adhering to the cells lining the wall of the bladder. This antiad-

herence action renders the bacteria harmless urinary tract.

1

2

The

in the

constituents in cranberry re-

sponsible for this antiadherence activity have yet to

be identified.

Herbs

249

How Much

Should Take? I

People ofren take one capsule or tablet of a concentrated cranberry juice extract Several glasses ity

two

to tour times per

16 ounces total

cranberry juice ^not the cocktail

approximate the

effect of the

of a high-qual-

each day can

cranberry concentrate.

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? There are no known side

and

centrate, lactation.

it is

effects

with cranberry con-

safe for use during

pregnancy and

Cranberry should not be used as a substian acute urinary tract

tute for antibiotics during infection.

knew

diffusa.

What

Conditions Might Damiana Be Supportive? In

THE LEAVES

of

damiana were

originally used as medicine by the

•

Depression page 56

•

Impotence

infertility"

(male)

page

indigenous cultures of Central

America, particularly Mexico.

Today the plant

humid

is

found

in hot,

Historical or Traditional Use

climates, including parts

Damiana has been of Tex

hailed as an aphrodisiac since an-

cient times, particularly by the native peoples of

Mexico.

1

Other folk uses have included asthma,

bronchitis, neurosis,

and various sexual disorders. -

It

has also been promoted as a euphoria-inducing subice at various time

Active Constituents Most

research has been done on the essential

oil

of

damiana. which includes numerous small, fragrant substances called terpenes. As essential oil

ana.

The

stance

is

truly the

it is

unclear

active fraction of

if

the

dami-

leaves also contain the antimicrobial sub-

arbutin.

How Much a tea.

and other potentially

alkaloids,

important compounds.

To make gram of

main

yet,

3

Should Take?

add 250 ml

I

1

cup! boiling water to

1

dried leaves; allow to steep ten to fifteen

minutes. Drink three cups per day To use in tincture

250

Herbs

form, take 2-3 ml three times per day. Tablets or cap-

Are There Any Side

amount of 400-800 mg three times per day. Damiana is not usually used alone; it is believed to be more effective when com-

Higher doses of damiana may induce a mild sense of

bined with other herbs of similar or complementary

euphoria.

activity.

which

sules

may

also be used in the

Effects or Interactions?

is

The leaves have a minor laxative effect, more pronounced at higher intakes, and

may cause loosening of

stools.

4

DANDELION (imwm officinale) What

Conditions Might Dandelion Be Supportive? In

CLOSELY RELATED chicory, dandelion

is

a

to

common

Leaves:

plant worldwide and the bane of

those looking for the perfect lawn.

The

plant grows to a height of about

•

Constipation (page 32)

•

Indigestion and heartburn

•

Pregnancy support (page 107)

•

Water retention

12 inches, producing spatula-like leaves

and yellow flowers that bloom

year-round.

Upon

Root:

maturation, the

flower turns into the characteristic puffball containing seeds that are

dispersed in the wind. Dandelion

grown commercially States

in the

and Europe. The

Alcoholism Constipation (page 32)

•

Indigestion and heartburn

•

Liver support

•

Pregnancy support (page 107)

is

United

leaves

•

•

and

Historical or Traditional Use

root are used in herbal supplements. Dandelion

is

commonly used

are used in salads

and

as a food.

The

leaves

teas, while the roots are often

used as a coffee substitute. Dandelion leaves and roots have been used for hundreds of years to treat

and

liver,

gallbladder, kidney,

some

traditions, dandelion

purifier

and

and

cancer.

is

is

joint problems.

In

considered a blood

used for ailments as varied as eczema

As

is

the case today, dandelion has

also been used historically to treat

water retention, and diseases of the

poor digestion, liver,

including

hepatitis.

Herbs

251

Active Constituents

How Much

The

As

principal constituents responsible for dande-

Should Take? I

a general liver gallbladder tonic

and

to stimulate

liver are the

digestion, 3-5 grams of the dried root or 5-10 ml of

bitter principles. Previously referred to as taraxacin,

these constituents are sesquiterpene lactones of the

made from the root can be used three times per day. Some experts recommend the alcohol-

eudesmanolide and germacranolide type and are

based tincture because the

lion's effect

on the

digestive system

unique to dandelion.

1

Dandelion

source of vitamins and minerals. very high content of vitamin

A

and

also

is

The

a

rich

as well as

moderate vita-

mins, iron, silicon, magnesium, zinc, and manganese.

which

is

The

leaves are a rich source of potassium,

interesting since the leaves are used for their

diuretic action. This

soluble in alcohol.

As

leaves have a

amounts of vitamin D, vitamin C, various B 2

a tincture

may make dandelion

a

bitter principles are

more

6

mild diuretic or appetite stimulant, 4-10

grams of dried

leaves can be

added to 250 ml

(1

cup)

of boiling water and drunk as a decoction; or 5-10

ml of ture

from the

fresh juice

made from

leaves or

2-5 ml of

tinc-

the leaves can be used three times

per day.

the only

naturally occurring potassium-sparing diuretic, al-

though

diuretic action

its

is

likely different

from that

Are There Any Side

of pharmaceuticals.

At high doses, the leaves have been shown to possess diuretic effects comparable to the prescription diuretic frusemide (Lasix). in

humans

sparse,

is

it is

3

Since clinical data

advisable to seek the guid-

ance of a physician trained

in herbal

medicine be-

fore using dandelion leaves for water retention.

The

bitter

compounds

in the leaves

in

bitter principles also increase bile

the gallbladder

makes them

and root

diet.

bile flow

The

liver

tion by persons with gallstones.

If

there

an ob-

is

struction of the bile ducts, then dandelion should be

tritis,

dandelion should be used cautiously, as

it

may

production

riencing fluid or water retention should consult a

This

nutritionally oriented doctor before taking dande-

liver.'

persons

increase in bile flow will help improve

metabolism

and root should be used with cau-

cause overproduction of stomach acid. Those expe-

function due to alcohol abuse or

fat (including cholesterol)

252

from the

leaf

4

a particularly useful tonic for

with sluggish

poor

and

Dandelion

avoided altogether. In cases of stomach ulcer or gas-

help stimulate digestion and are mild laxatives.

These

Effects or Interactions?

in the body.

lion leaves. People taking the leaves

should be sure

that their doctors monitor potassium levels.

milky latex

in the

may cause an

The

stem and leaves of fresh dandelion

allergic rash in

some

individuals.

Herbs

DEVIL

S

CLAW

(Hoipogophytm piocmbens)

What Conditions

In

DEVIL'S

CLAW

is

a native

plant of southern Africa, especially the Kalahari desert, Namibia, the island of Madagascar. devil's

claw

is

and

The name

derived from the

herb's unusual fruits, to be covered with

which seem

Might

Ciaw

Devil's

Be Supportive? •

Indigestion and heartburn

•

Rheumatoid

arthritis (page 115)

Historical or Traditional Use

numerous small Numerous

hooks. The secondary storage roots, or tuber, of the plant are employed

tribes native to southern Africa have uti-

lized devil's

claw for a wide variety of conditions,

ranging from gastrointestinal difficulties to arthritic conditions. 2 Devil's claw has been widely used in

in herbal

supplements.

1

Europe

as a treatment for arthritis.

Active Constituents Devil's claw tuber contains three important constituents belonging to the iridoid glycoside family:

harpagoside, harpagide, and procumbide. The sec-

ondary tubers of the herb contain twice as much harpagoside as the primary tubers. As such, these

secondary tubers contain the preferable concentration of active ingredients. iridoid glycosides

found

sible for the herb's

actions.

3

Harpagoside and other

in the plant

may be

respon-

anti-inflammatory and analgesic

However, research has not entirely sup-

ported the use of

devil's

claw in alleviating arthritic

pain symptoms. 45 Devil's claw

is

also considered by herbalists to be

a potent bitter. Bitter principles, like the iridoid gly-

cosides found in devil's claw, stimulate the stomach to increase the production of acid, thereby helping to improve digestion.

How Much Should

I

Take?

For use as a digestive stimulant, the dose for the

powdered secondary tuber

Herbs

is

1.5-2 grams per day.

253

For tincture, the recommended amount day.

For arthritis,

many people

is

1—2 ml per

take 4.5—10

grams

per day. Again, recent studies do not suppor: fa

claw as a treatment for arthr:

DONG

-

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? ::::.:r: ::'

I

QUA

I

kieko

I

is

a member of the

celery family Greenish-white

bloom from May plant

i

s

-

illy

to

-

fie

_

:

>

'.

»::~::: 2:2.

z: :~\ .:z-

''

:~

i~.

t

mm What

Conditions Might Dong Quai Be Supportive? In

DONG QUA

..

die

found growing

damp mountain nverbanks, and < root

is

used.

Ik

Historical or Traditional Use "

'

"

-r

~ Z

2

-.

-

~z~ -:-..:.-

-

:~t~

*

--

\-

Z-~

•••

— I re — rr : both men and women with :

-

:

22

-

~.z r

:-.

_

"

:.

:

2 z

npheral circulation.

..

-z-

.

:

-

::: r

:

;:

:

: :

22

:.':

—!

/

~i:r~i. _

z

izr.z

::::

.::::-.:-;:::r^::.:r:

-

.:

"z~ 1

z

:::

~.i

>:::::>-:: ~zz-:z..z

~

>

~::

rse

~ :z- :-

.::i

I

:

-.-

:

:

.

.

z' .- .1

-

•

:

:

:::- :-::•

:

-.

..•::::'

cardiovascular disease,

-z :.~ z z

-

z

z~i

~

.::

:::

1

Active Constituents 7:- .:.;-.!..-. z:~z

" 2'

254

z.i

i

:-:

z

zz:

r.a

r

M6-CS

How Much Should The powdered root can be used tinctures, or as a tea.

I

Take?

in capsules, tablets,

Many women

take 3-4 grams

per day.

become more sensitive to sunlight. Persons using it on a regular basis should limit prolonged exposure

to

to the sun or other sources of ultraviolet radiation.

Dong

quai

tating

women.

is

not recommended for pregnant or lac-

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? Dong quai low

is

generally considered to be of extremely

toxicity. It

may cause some

fair-skinned persons

ECHINACEA

(f chimeo

pmpwo, hhimeci fl/pf/Mo]

What Conditions Might

In

COMMON NAME:

Echinacea Be Supportive?

Purple

coneflower

ECHINACEA

is

a wildflower

Canker sores (mouth

•

Common cold/sore throat

•

Crohn's disease (page 34)

•

Gingivitis (periodontal disease) (page 56)

•

Immune

•

Influenza

•

Recurrent ear infection (page 47)

•

Yeast infection (page 127)

North America. While

native to

echinacea continues to grow and

is

harvested from the wild, the majority

•

ulcers) (page 21)

(page 28)

function (page 72) (flu)

of that used for herbal supple-

ments

is

from cultivated

plants.

The

root or aboveground part of the

plant during the flowering growth

phase

is

used medicinally.

Historical or Traditional Use Echinacea was used by American Indians for a bites

and

was introduced into

U.S.

ety of conditions, including

other external wounds.

It

venomous

vari-

medical practice in 1887 and was touted for use conditions ranging from colds to syphilis.

in

Modern

research started in the 1930s in Germany.

Active Constituents Echinacea supports the

immune

system.

Several

constituents in echinacea team together to increase the production

lymphocytes,

Herbs

and

and

blood

cells,

Echinacea

also

activity of white

macrophages.

255

increases production of interferon, an important

extracts are typically taken as

part of the body's response to viral infections such

per day.

and

as colds

flu.

3-4 ml, three times

1

Are There Any Side

How Much Should

I

Take?

As an immune system stimulant, echinacea is best taken for a specific period of time. At the onset of a cold,

can be taken three to four times per day for

it

ten to fourteen days.

To prevent

a cold,

many

people

take echinacea tablets or capsules three times per

day for

six to eight weeks.

mended ish

in

if

A

"rest" period

after this, as echinacea's effects

used longer.

about 900

If

mg

preferred,

is

recom-

may dimin-

powdered echinacea,

amounts, can be taken. Liquid

ELDEnBEn n Y

Effects or Interactions? Echinacea

in

flowers

elderberry grows

and

when taken

orally.

a physician

if

they have an

autoimmune

illness,

such

as lupus, or other progressive diseases, such as tu-

berculosis or multiple sclerosis. gic

to

flowers

Those who

are aller-

of the daisy family should take

echinacea with caution. There are no

known

con-

traindications to the use of echinacea during preg-

nancy or

lactation.

(Stimkcvs n/jraj

Europe and North America.

The

essentially nontoxic

People should not take echinacea without consulting

What Conditions

In

ELDER OR

is

Might Elderberry

Be Supportive?

berries are used

•

Common cold/sore throat

•

Herpes simplex

•

Inflammation

•

Influenza

therapeutically.

(page 28)

(flu)

Historical or Traditional Use Elderberries have long been used as food, particularly in the dried

form. Elderberry wine, pie, and

some of the popular ways to prepare this plant as food. The leaves were touted to be pain relieving and to promote healing of injuries when lemonade

are

applied as a poultice. 1 Native Americans used the plant for infections, coughs, and skin conditions.

Active Constituents The

flavonoids, including quercetin (page 201), are

believed to account for the therapeutic effects of the

256

Herbs

elderberry flowers and berries. According to laboratory research, an extract from the leaves,

with

St.

combined

John's wort (page 312) and soapwort,

in-

A

tea

made from 3-5 grams

steeped in 250 ml teen minutes

may

(1

of the dried flowers

cup) boiling water for ten to

also be

drunk three times per

fif-

day.

2 hibits the influenza virus and herpes simplex virus.

A

study in

derberries

Animal

humans determined is

an

effective

inflammatory properties.

flowers to have anti-

Liquid elderberry extract (for children) to

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions?

4

There are no known adverse reactions to elderberry.

How Much Should ml

el-

treatment for influenza. 3

shown the

studies have

that an extract of

is

I

Take?

taken in amounts of 5

10 ml (for adults) twice per day.

ELEUTHERO (tleufaiococciis sentkosus,

konhpam sentkosvs) What Conditions Might

In

COMMON NAMES: ginseng,

ci

Eleuthero Be Supportive?

wu ju

ELEUTHERO

belongs to the

Araliaceae family and relative of

Siberian

is

a distant

•

Alzheimer's disease (page

•

Athletic performance (page 14)

•

Attention deficit disorder

•

Chemotherapy support (page

•

Chronic fatigue

•

Common cold/sore throat

•

Diabetes (page 39)

•

Fibromyalgia (page 53)

•

Influenza

•

Stress

Asian ginseng {Panax

ginseng). Also

known commonly

touch-me-not and

as

devil's shrub,

eleuthero has been most frequently

nicknamed Siberian ginseng

6)

25)

syndrome (page 28)

(flu)

and fatigue

in this

Taiga region of the Far East (south-

Historical or Traditional Use

eastern part of Russia, northern

Although not as popular as Asian ginseng, eleuthero

country. Eleuthero

is

native to the

China, Korea, and Japan). The root

use dates back 2,000 years, according to Chinese

medicine records. Referred to as

and the rhizomes (underground stem) are used.

medicine,

it

was used

was

Herbs

wu

ju in

Chinese

to prevent respiratory tract in-

fections as well as colds

to provide energy

ci

and

and

flu. It

vitality.

was also believed

In Russia, eleuthero

originally used by people in the Siberian Taiga

257

region to increase performance and quality of

and to decrease In

life

times, eleuthero's ability to in-

crease stamina and endurance led Soviet athletes to use

it

to

enhance

Olympic

their training.

Ex-

plorers, divers, sailors,

and miners used eleuthero to

prevent stress-related

illness.

accident,

and chemotherapeutic

After the Chernobyl

many Russian citizens were given

eleuthero

to counteract the effects of radiation.

Evidence

hances and supports the thero

may be

cold and

flu

may prove

1

of various diseases of the

HIV

charides

2

infection, chronic fatigue synillnesses

such as lupus. 9

standardized on eleutherosides B and E, 300-400

kind of sugar molecule). 3 These con-

tracts,

8-10 ml

torically,

immune

mg

per day, can also be used, as can alcohol-based exin

two

eleuthero

is

to three divided dosages. His-

taken continuously for six to

stituents play a critical role in eleuthero's ability to

support

Use?

I

Dried, powdered root and rhizomes of 2-3 grams

Eleuthero also contains complex polysac(a

sys-

per day can be used. Concentrated solid extract

of the research attention focusing on eleutherosides E.

immune

Seven pri-

eleutherosides have been identified, with most

B and

valuable in the long-term

How Much Should

constituents in eleuthero that have received the

most attention are the eleutherosides.

response. Eleu-

season. Recent evidence also suggests

that eleuthero

management

immune

useful as a preventive measure during

tem, including

Active Constituents

mary

Eleuthero

mounting that eleuthero en-

also

is

drome, and autoimmune

The

agents.

also reduces the side effects of radiation exposure. 8

infections.

more modern

toxoid,

eight weeks, followed by a one- to

two-week break

function.

before resuming.

As an adaptogen, eleuthero helps the body adapt to

stress. It

does this by encouraging normal

functioning of the adrenal glands, allowing them to

when challenged by stress. Eleuthero has been shown to enhance mental

function optimally

and physical endurance without the letdown

acuity

5

comes with caffeinated products. Research has shown that eleuthero improves the use of oxygen by that

the exercising muscle. This

means

that a person

able to maintain aerobic exercise longer

ery from workouts

is

much

quicker.

is

shown

to

combat harmful

is

and recov-

6

Another way that eleuthero reduces

body

Effects or Interactions? Reported side

effects have

been minimal with use of

eleuthero. Mild, transient diarrhea has been reported

number of users. Eleuthero may cause insomnia in some people if taken too close to bedtime. Eleuthero is not recommended for individuals in a very small

with uncontrolled high blood pressure. stress

on the

toxins. Eleuthero has

a protective effect in animal studies against

chemicals such as ethanol, sodium barbital, tetanus

258

Are There Any Side

4

It

can be used

during pregnancy or lactation. However, pregnant or lactating

women

using eleuthero should avoid prod-

ucts that have been adulterated with

Panax ginseng

or other related species that are contraindicated.

Herbs

EPHEDRA IBM What

Conditions Might Ephedra Be Supportive? In

COMMON NAME: EPHEDRA found

is

a shrublike plant

in desert regions

the world.

It is

Ma huang

throughout

dried green stems of the three

Asian species

Asthma (page

•

Congestion

•

Cough

•

Weight

loss

9)

and obesity (page

distributed from

northern China to Inner Mongolia.

The

•

(E. sinica,

intermedia,

equisetina) are the plant parts

em-

Historical or Traditional Use The Chinese have used ephedra medicinally 5,000 years. Ephedra

365 herbs from the

ployed medicinally. The North

124)

for over

listed as

one of the original

classical first

century A.D. text on

is

Chinese herbalism by Shen Nong. Ephedra's tradi1

American species of ephedra does

tional

not appear to contain the active

sweating, lung and bronchial constriction, and water

in-

medicinal

its

Asian counterparts.

include

the

alleviation

of

Coughing, shortness of breath, the com-

retention.

gredients of

uses

mon

cold,

tions

for

and its

fevers use.

without sweat are

While the

ephedrine, was isolated in 1887,

active it

all

indica-

constituent,

was not

until

1924

that the herb became popular with physicians

the U.S. for

its

in

bronchodilating and decongesting

properties. 2

Active Constituents Ephedra's active medicinal ingredients are the alka-

ephedrine and pseudoephedrine. The stem

loids

1-3% total counting for 30-90% contains

alkaloids, with ephedrine ac-

of this total, depending on the

plant species employed. 3 Both ephedrine and

its

syn-

thetic counterparts stimulate the central nervous

system, dilate the bronchial tubes, elevate blood pressure,

and increase heart

(the synthetic form)

remedy

is

rate.

Pseudoephedrine

a popular over-the-counter

for relief of nasal congestion.

How Much

Should Take? I

The crude powdered stems of ephedra than

Herbs

1

%

(with less

ephedrine) are employed at a dose of 1-4

259

grams per day

in tea

form. Tinctures or

1

—

1

times per day can he taken. Over-the-counter

di

_-

containing ephedrine can be safely used by adult a

dose of 12.5-25

mg

every tour hours. Adults

should take no more than 150 hours. Pseudoephedrine at a

dose of 60

mg every

is

mg every

-

tt

1

taking MAO-inhibinng antidepressants should consult

with a physician before using any type of prodwith

ephedra.

Pseudoephedrine

a

can

s

drowsiness and should be used with caution operating

or

driving

six hours.

pressure, heart condi-

/.coma, thyroid disease, and

tions, d:.

twenty-tour

recommended

typically

Anyone with high blood

ml three

if

Ephec:

machinery.

products should be avoided during pregnancy and

and used with caution

:ion

Are There Any Side

the

under

in children

six years.

_.

Effects or Interactions? Ephedra has

a long history oi safe use at the

mended amount. However, abuse especially for weight loss

—can

[

recom-

:he dru^z

lead to

amp.

mine-like side effects, including elevated blood pressure,

muscle disturbance-,

a,

is

dry mouth,

Considerations Ephedra

is

either not available or

heart palpitations, nervousness, and even death due

scription. Please check with

to heart failure.

ented physician.

lYEBRIGHT

(tvphwsia

may

require a pre-

your nutritionally

ori-

officinalis,

What

Conditions Might Eyebright Be Supportive? In

EUPHRASIA OFFICINALIS

Kingdom

Special United

has been used to refer to a vast genus

::on of

•

Blepharitis

•

Conjunctivitis

•

Irrit

:

containing over 450 species, Euro-

pean wild plants grow in pastures, garia,

meado

and grassy places

in Bul-

Hungary, and the former

Yugoslavia. Eyebright

is

also

Historical or Traditional Use

grown _

Europe. The plant

commercially

in

flowers in late

summer and autumn.

The whole herb cial

is

preparations.

used in commer-

was and continues to be used prim

-right

a poultice for the topical treatment of eye inflamma-

k

iiding blepharitis, conjunctivitis

:?:c>>

made from

-

usual'

ment.

It

m

from

give rapid relief

disturbances

ebrigh:

g

e

ha-

internally along with the lis

eye fatigue and disturb

260

.veiling,

nd subacute eye infections

in

herbalists have

less,

-

-

^n. In

recommended eyebright

for

I

:ment of addition,

problems

Herbs

Internally, eyebright tea,

made

using the same

formula above, can be drunk

in the

amount

of the respiratory tract, including sinus infect

coughs, and sore throat.

to three cups per day.

times per day.

Active Constituents Eyebright

may

Dried

of two

h;.

2-4 grams three

T

.ally

be taken.

taken in 2-6 ml doses three times per day.

high in iridoid glycosides, flavonoids.

is

and tannins." The plant has astringent properties that probably account for

its

usefulness as a topical

treatment for inflammatory stares and

its

ability to

reduce mucous drainage.

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? Due

to

limited

information on the active con-

stituents in eyebright

How Much

Should Take? I

and the need

substances used topically in

:

for sterility in .

the traditional

use of eyebright as a topical compress currently

herbal

Traditional

made with with 0.5

1

a

compress

tablespoon of the dried herb combined

liter

of water and boiled for ten minutes.

The undiluted cooling. This

recommend

texts

liquid

is

used as a compress after

cannot be recommended. Used internally at the

amounts

listed above,

However,

its

ght

is

generally

during pregnancy and lactation

has not been proven.

was commonly combined with antimi-

crobial herbs, such as goldenseal.

man monograph on

The

current Ger-

eyebright does not support this

application, due to potential bacterial concerns.4

FENNEL (hmwlm

rofpt,

What

Conditions Might Fennel Be Supportive? In

THE FENNEL PLANT originally still

in

from Europe, where

grown. Fennel

many

came

is

it is

•

Colic

•

Indigestion

•

Irritable

also cultivated

bowel syndrome page 81

parts of Asia and Egypt.

Fennel seeds are utilized for medicinal purposes.

Historical or Traditional Use One author

reports that fennel

may

have best

immortality in the Greek legend of Prometheus. Fennel seeds are a larly for use

with

common

fish.

cooking

ce,

-

:icu-

After meals, they are used in

several cultures to prevent gas and upset stomach.

The

seeds are also used in Latin

: -

the flow of breast milk. Fennel has also been used as a

Herbs

remedy

for

cough and

colic in infants.

261

Active Constituents

(1

cup) of water for ten to fifteen minutes, keeping

the pot covered during the process. Cool, strain, and

The main

active constituents,

penoid anethole, are found hole and other terpenoids activity-

and

inhibit

spasms

which includes the

in the volatile oil.

may have in

ter-

Anet-

in

production of

ing,

bile),

and antimicrobial

pain-reducing, fever-reduc-

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions?

3

No

How Much Whole

seeds

a tea, boil

1

may

/i

day.

smooth muscles, such

diuretic, choleretic (increase

actions.

can be taken three times per

estrogen-like

as those in the intestinal tract. Recent studies have

found fennel to possess

then drink three cups per day. As a tincture, 2-4 ml

Should Take?

significant adverse effects have been reported.

Pregnant or lactating women, as well as anyone

I

be chewed or used in tea. To

teaspoon of crushed seeds

FENUGREEK

in

make

250 ml

with an estrogen-dependent cancer, should avoid fennel in large quantities until the importance of estrogen-like activity

is

clarified.

(liwnek ioefim-gmcm)

What

In

Conditions

ALTHOUGH ORIGINALLY

Might Fenugreek

from southeastern Europe and west-

Be Supportive?

ern Asia, fenugreek grows today in

many

•

Atherosclerosis (page 11)

•

Constipation (page 32)

•

Diabetes (page 39)

•

High

•

Hypertriglyceridemia (high triglycerides)

parts of the world, including

India, northern Africa,

its

and the

United States. The seeds of fenu-

cholesterol (page 62)

(page 69)

greek contain the most potent

medicinal effects of the plant.

Historical or Traditional Use A

wide range of uses were found

cient times. Medicinally

ment of wounds,

it

for fenugreek in an-

was used

for the treat-

abscesses, arthritis, bronchitis,

and

digestive problems. Traditional Chinese herbalists

used

it

for kidney

problems and conditions affecting

1 the male reproductive tract. Fenugreek was, and re-

mains, a food and a spice

commonly

eaten in

many

parts of the world.

262

Herbs

Active Constituents

ferred.

The

typical range of intake

with each meal or 15-90 grams

The

steroidal saponins

eficial effects

account for

many

of the ben-

-'')

'

once with

at

all

grams

one meal.

of fenugreek, particularly the inhibi-

tion of cholesterol absorption

and synthesis.- The

seeds are rich in dietary fiber page

be the main reason

it

1

59

.

which may

can lower blood sugar

levels in

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions?

diabete

Use

How Much Due

to the

somewhat

Should Take?

than 100

-

i

intestinal upset

g

daily can cause

i

and nausea. Othe-

renugreek

is

I

bitter taste of

extremely

safe.

fenugreek seeds,

debittenzed seeds or encapsulated products are pre-

FEVERFEW (tae to Mimemiim, What

Conditions Might Feverfew Be Supportive? In

FEVERFEW

gf

idely aero

Europe. The leaves are used.

•

Migraine headaches page 91

Historical or Traditional Use :-: was mentioned ture as a

remedy .

used

and

it

in

Greek medical

for inflammation

and

litera-

for menstrual

Traditional herbalists in Great Britain

to treat fevers, arthritis,

and other aches

pains.

Active Constituents ntains a range of

sesquiterpene lactones. Over

compound

compounds known

85%

as

of these are a

called parthenolide. Parthenolide helps

prevent excessive clumping of platelets and inhibits the release of certain chemicals, includir

and some duce

th

inflamrr.

mediators.

1

2

_

This

ma

duration, and frequency of mi-

graine headaches and improve blood vessel tone.

Herbs

263

How Much

Should Take? I

Feverfew leaf extracts with at least 0.2% parthenolide

content are generally used. Herbal extracts in

capsules or tablets providing at least 250

parthenolide per day are taken. six

It

may

mg

of

take four to

weeks before benefits are noticed.

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? Taken

recommended,

as

standardized

Minor

causes minimal side effects.

feverfew

side effects in-

clude gastrointestinal upset and nervousness. Fever-

few

not

is

recommended during pregnancy

or

and should not be used by children under the age of two years.

lactation

F

T

-

(Nygom mltihm)

I

What

Conditions Might Fo-Tl Be Supportive? In

COMMON NAME: He-shou-wu

FO-TI

is

where

continues to be widely

it

grown.

a plant native to China,

It is

also

grown

once

sometimes used. However,

is

it

liquid

has been boiled in a special

made from

Atherosclerosis (page 11)

•

Constipation (page 32)

•

Fatigue

•

High cholesterol (page

•

Immune

black beans,

it is

considered a superior and rather different medicine according to tra-

ditional Chinese medicine.

white red

fo-ti

fo-ti.

is

function (page 72)

The un-

Historical or Traditional Use The Chinese common name for fo-ti, he-shou-wu, was the name of a Tang dynasty man whose infertility was supposedly cured by fo-ti; in addition, his long life was attributed to the tonic properties of this herb.

1

used

fo-ti to treat

Since then, traditional Chinese medicine has

nal discharges,

processed root

62)

extensively in

Japan and Taiwan. The unprocessed root

•

sometimes called

premature aging, weakness, vagi-

numerous

infectious diseases, angina

and impotence.

pectoris,

and the processed root

Active Constituents The

active constituents of fo-ti have yet to be deter-

mined. The whole root has been shown to lower cholesterol

levels,

according to animal and

human

research, as well as to decrease hardening of the arteries,

or atherosclerosis. 2

3

Other

fo-ti

investigated this herb's role in strong tion, red

action.

4

blood

cell

research has

immune

func-

formation, and antibacterial

The unprocessed

roots possess a mild laxa-

tive effect.

264

Herbs

How Much Should A

tea can be

3-5 grams

in

made from processed 250 ml

(1

I

Take?

roots by boiling

cup) of water for ten to

fif-

more cups are drunk each each in the amount of 500 mg, are

teen minutes. Three or day. Fo-ti tablets,

also available.

Many

people take

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? The unprocessed Some people who skin rash.

five tablets three

the

may cause mild diarrhea. are sensitive to fo-ti may develop a Very high doses may cause numbness in

arms or

roots

legs.

times per day.

GARLIC (Mm sotim) What Conditions Might

In

GARLIC onion and

is

closely related to

chives.

The

largest

mercial garlic production tral California.

The bulb

is

is

Garlic

com-

in cen-

used.

Be Supportive?

•

Atherosclerosis (page 11)

•

Congestive heart failure (page 30)

•

High

•

Hypertension (high blood pressure)

cholesterol (page 62)

(page 67) •

Hypertriglyceridemia (high triglycerides) (page 69)

•

Immune

•

Intermittent claudication

•

Recurrent ear infection (page 47)

•

Yeast infection (page 127)

function (page 72)

Historical or Traditional Use Garlic

is

mentioned

in the Bible

and the Talmud.

Hippocrates, Galen, Pliny the Elder, and Dioscorides all

mention the use of

number

garlic for a large

of conditions, including parasites, respiratory problems, poor digestion, and low energy.

China was

first

mentioned

in A.D. 510.

Its

use in

Louis Pasteur

confirmed the antibacterial action of garlic

in 1858.

Active Constituents The

sulfur

or chewing

compound

compounds: ajoene,

Herbs

allicin,

fresh garlic, in

produced by crushing

turn produces other sulfur

allyl sulfides,

and

vinyldithiins.

265

Circulatory Effects More than 250

publications have

shown

supports the cardiovascular system.

and

cholesterol

triglyceride levels in the blood, in-

—which

coagulation.

antioxidant

It

results in a

and increase

mildly antihypertensive and has

is

activity.

1

in check, a

ben-

persons at risk for cardiovascular disease.

efit for

cannot

replace

effectively its

primary value

is

pounds. Animal and garlic,

and

its

sulfur

test

tube studies also

compounds,

of different types of cancer

—

inhibit the

especially breast

stronger

It

anticlotting

How Much

I

Some people chew one whole clove of raw garlic day. For those who prefer it, odor-controlled, can be taken at 400-500

Alternatively, a tincture

Garlic has antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal

times

sites.

It

may work

against

some

Garlic appears to have roughly

it is

%

the strength

not a substitute for antibiotics, but

it

can

be considered as a support against some bacterial infections. garlic,

and

Candida albicans growth garlic has

en-

mg

meg

of

once or allicin).

of 2-4 ml can be taken three

daily.

intestinal para1

of penicillin against certain types of bacteria. This

means

per

teric-coated tablets or capsules with standardized allicin potential

as a preventive.

Should Take?

Antimicrobial Actions 3

and

skin tumors.

twice per day (providing up to 5,000

activity

growth

slowing of blood

Note: Garlic only keeps clotting

drugs;

may lower

It

hibit platelet stickiness (aggregation),

fibrinolysis

that garlic

comshow that

to reduce the formation of carcinogenic

ity

is

shown long-term

inhibited by

benefit for re-

current yeast infections.

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? Most people enjoy als

who

and

are sensitive to

flatulence.

erties,

However, some individu-

garlic. it

may experience heartburn

Because of

garlic's anticlotting

prop-

persons taking anticoagulant drugs should

check with their nutritionally oriented doctor before

Anticancer Actions

taking garlic. Those scheduled for surgery should

Human

form

population studies show that eating garlic

regularly reduces the risk of esophageal, stomach, 4

and colon cancer. This

is

partly due to garlic's abil-

their surgeon

ments. There are no

if

in-

they are taking garlic supple-

known

contraindications to the

use of garlic during pregnancy and lactation.

GENTIAN (brim Into) What

Conditions Might Gentian Be Supportive? In

THIS PLANT meadows is

in

comes from

Europe and Turkey.

also cultivated in

The root

is

It

North America.

•

Indigestion

•

Poor appetite

used medicinally. Several

other similar species can be used interchangeably.

Historical or Traditional Use Gentian root and other highly been used for centuries

266

in

bitter plants have

Europe

as digestive aids

Herbs

(the

well-known Swedish

bitters often contain gen-

How Much Should

I

Take?

tian). Other folk uses included topical use on skin

tumors, decreasing fevers, and treatment of diarrhea.

1

Its ability

to increase digestive function, in-

cluding production of stomach acid, has since been validated in

modern

Up

to 20 drops of gentian tincture dissolved in a

small glass of water should be sipped, at least fifteen

minutes before meals.

times.

Are There Any Side Active Constituents Gentian contains some of the most

known,

Effects or Interactions?

bitter substances

particularly the glycosides gentiopicrin

and

amarogentin. The taste of these can be detected even

Gentian should not be used by people suffering from excessive

stomach

acid, heartburn,

stomach

ulcers,

or gastritis.

diluted 50,000 times. 2 Besides stimulating se-

when

mouth and hydrochloric acid stomach, gentiopicrin may protect the liver. 3

cretion of saliva in the in the

GINGER

(Z/flj/ier officinale)

What Conditions Might

In

GINGER grows

is

a perennial plant that

in India,

China, Mexico, and

several other countries. (the

Ginger Be Supportive?

underground stem)

•

Atherosclerosis (page 11)

•

Chemotherapy support (page

•

Migraine headaches (page 91)

•

Morning sickness (page 93) Motion sickness Nausea and vomiting following surgery Rheumatoid arthritis (page 115)

The rhizome is

used.

• • •

25)

Historical or Traditional Use Traditional Chinese medicine has ger for over 2,500 years.

It

is

recommended

used for abdominal

bloating, coughing, vomiting, diarrhea, tism. Ginger

is

commonly used

Tibb systems of medicine flammatory

gin-

in the

and rheuma-

Ayurvedic and

for the treatment of in-

joint diseases, such as arthritis.

Active Constituents The

dried rhizome of ginger contains approximately

1-4% Herbs

volatile oils.

These are the medically

active

267

constituents of ginger; they are also responsible for ginger's characteristic

odor and

principles include zingiberene

the pungent principles are

shogaols.

1

The pungent

taste.

The aromatic

and bisabolene, while

known

as gingerols

constituents are credited

ginger.

Ginger

is

sified as

System Actions bitter,

it

stimulates digestion.

also keeps the intestinal muscles toned.

human

less likely to

aggregate, although not

all

research has confirmed this. This action re-

duces a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. 7

How Much Should

I

Take?

Most people

take 2-4 grams of the dried rhizome

powder two

to three times per day or a tincture of

1.5-3 ml three times daily. For treatment of nausea,

a classic tonic for the digestive tract. Clas-

an aromatic

and

and

with the antinausea and antivomiting effects of

Digestive

sticky

-

It

This action

eases the transport of substances through the digestive tract, lessening irritation to the intestinal walls.

people try single doses of approximately 250 every two to three hours, for a total of day.

For prevention of motion sickness,

1

mg

gram per

many people

start taking ginger tablets, capsules, or liquid herbal

3

extract

two days before the planned

trip.

Ginger may protect the stomach from the damaging effect of alcohol

and nonsteroidal anti-inflamma-

tory drugs (such as ibuprofen) and ulcers.

may

help prevent

4

Effects or Interactions?

Antinausea/Antivomiting Actions Research

Are There Any Side

is

inconclusive as to

leviate nausea.

how

ginger acts to

al-

Ginger may act directly on the gas-

trointestinal system or

it

may

affect the part of the 5 6

when used as recommended. However, some people may be sensitive to the taste or may experience heartburn. Persons with Side effects of ginger are rare

a history of gallstones should consult a nutritionally

may

oriented doctor before using ginger. Short-term use

be that ginger exerts a dual effect in reducing nausea

of ginger for nausea and vomiting during pregnancy

and vomiting.

appears to pose no safety problems; however, long-

central nervous system that causes nausea.

It

term use during pregnancy

is

not recommended.

Circulatory Effects

A

Ginger also supports

fore surgery to counteract possible postanesthesia

a healthy cardiovascular sys-

tem. Like garlic, ginger makes blood platelets

less

doctor should be informed

if

ginger

is

used be-

nausea.

GINKGO BILOBAfttjroA/M The

COMMON NAME: Maidenhair

tree

GINKGO

BIL OB A

is

leaves of the tree are used.

prominently States

the world's

and

in

in

the southern

Ginkgo grows most and eastern United

China.

What Conditions

In

oldest living species of tree; individ-

Might Ginkgo Biloba

ual trees live as long as 1,000 years.

Be Supportive?

268

•

Alzheimer's disease (page

•

Atherosclerosis (page 11)

6)

Herbs

of blood vessels. 4 In other words,

•

Cerebrovascular insufficiency

ticity

•

Congestive heart failure (page 30)

culation

•

Depression (page 36)

lation

•

Diabetes (page 39)

(arteries)

•

Impotence/infertility (male) (page 77)

•

Intermittent claudication

•

Macular degeneration (page

•

Migraine headaches (page 91)

•

Multiple sclerosis

•

Raynaud's phenomenon

•

Tinnitus

more

extends

and smaller

culatory system.

makes

cir-

This improvement in circu-

efficient.

efficiency

it

both

to

large

vessels

vessels (capillaries) in the cir-

5

Antioxidant Properties

85)

GBE may

have antioxidant properties in the brain,

and the cardiovascular system. 6

retina of the eye,

Its

antioxidant activity in the brain and central nervous

may

system

help prevent age-related declines in

brain function. GBE's antioxidant activity in the

Historical or Traditional Use

brain

Medicinal use of ginkgo can be traced back almost

widely accepted as being a contributing factor in

radical attack. Free radical

was

It

rec-

tract ailments as well as

rely

many

brain and central

damage

in the brain

is

disorders associated with aging, including

Alzheimer's disease. 7

One

of

primary

the

protective

of

effects

the

benefits of ginkgo biloba extract

(GBE)

ginkgolides are their ability to inhibit a substance

on the proper balance of two groups of

active

known

components: the ginkgo flavone glycosides and the terpene lactones. designation on

The 24% ginkgo

GBE

flavone glycoside

labels indicates the carefully

measured balance of bioflavonoids. These

bioflav-

onoids are primarily responsible for GBE's antioxidant (page

8) activity

and

ability to inhibit platelet

aggregation (stickiness). These two actions help

may

GBE prevent circulatory diseases, such as ather-

osclerosis,

and support the brain and central ner-

vous system. 1

in

The

Nerve Protection and PAF Inhibition

Active Constituents The medical

of particular interest.

nervous system are particularly susceptible to free

5,000 years in Chinese herbal medicine.

ommended for respiratory memory loss in the elderly.

is

crease circulation to the brain

cells.

on nerve Ginkgolides may improve circulation and in-

hibit platelet-activating factor (PAF). Bilobalide protects the cells of the

PAF

damage

are associated with

is

a

causes platelets to

aggregate (clump together). High amounts of to nerve cells,

PAF poor

blood flow to the central nervous system, inflamma9 tory conditions, and bronchial constriction.

like free radicals,

ated with aging.

higher

10

PAF

levels are also associ-

nervous system from

damage during periods of ischemia ive for

persons

Much

Ginkgolides and bilobalide pro-

tect nerve cells in the central

who

11

This effect

oxygen

(lack of

may be support-

have suffered a stroke.

How Much Should Many

people take 120-160

2

nervous system. Recent animal

studies indicate that bilobalide cells.

cells that

8

and other parts of the

as well as exert a protective effect

damaged nerve

mediator released from

to tissues in the body).

The unique terpene lactone components found GBE, known as ginkgolides and bilobalide, in-

body

as platelet-activating factor (PAF).

may

help regenerate

3

ized

to

flavone

contain

6%

glycosides,

Amounts up

to 240

mg

of

I

Take?

GBE, standard-

terpene lactones and

two

mg

to

three

24%

times per day.

per day are used by

some

people with cerebrovascular insufficiency, confusion

GBE and GBE

Circulation

and memory

increases circulation to both the brain

tremities

of the body.

platelet stickiness,

Herbs

GBE

In

and ex-

addition to inhibiting

regulates the tone

and

elas-

may need

loss,

and

resistant depression.

to be taken for six to eight

desired effects are noticed.

weeks before

Ginkgo may

taken as a tincture of 0.5 ml three times

GBE

also be

daily.

269

Are There Any Side

There are no known contraindications to the use of

Effects or Interactions? Ginkgo biloba extract is esse rious side e::ec:s. :

:

r.

rially

devoid of ar

Mild headaches lasting for a day

GBE

by pregnant and lactating women.

It

people using GBE.

Individuals should seek proper medical care and rate

GBE.

What

Conditions Might Goldenseal Be Supportive? In

is

native to

c

em North America and is cur in

Oregon an.

lington.

medical diagnosis prior to self-prescribing

Mb mfcn

GOLDENSEAL GOLDENSEAL

important to remember that circulatory

conditions in the elderly can involve serious disease.

vo and mild upset stomach have been repc::;;

in a very small percentage of

is

The

•

Common cold/sore throat

•

Crohn's disea-.

•

Recurrent ear infection page 47

•

Urinary

dried root and rhizome are used.

tract infection

page

_

.

2

8

L2C

Historical or Traditional Use Goldenseal was used by the American Indians as a

ment

for irritations

and inflammation of the

mucous membranes of

the respiratory, digestive,

urinary tracts

commonly used

skin

and eye

activity,

infections.

Because of

its

and

topically for

antimicrobial

goldenseal has a long history of use for in-

fectious diarrhea, upper respiratory tract infections,

and vaginal

infections. Goldenseal

is

often recom-

led in combinanon with echinacea for the treat-

ment of colds and

flu.

Active Constituents The two primary

alkaloids

are

hydrastine

and

berbenne. along with smaller amounts of canadine. Berberine, which ranges from 0.5-6.0% of the alkaloids present in goldenseal root

been the most

270

e

and rhizome, has :hed.

It

:s

to

Herbs

Goldenseal powder as a tea or tincture

have a wide spectrum of antibiotic activity against

use.

pathogens, such as Chlamydia species, E.

soothe a sore throat.

coli, Sal-

may

monella typhi, and Entomeba histolytica}

Are There Any Side

How Much Most people

Should Take? I

take 4-6 grams of powdered gold-

enseal root and rhizome supplements per day as tablets or capsules. For liquid herbal extracts,

4-6

Effects or Interactions? Taken

as

recommended, goldenseal

However, as with

may

high amounts

all

generally safe.

is

alkaloid-containing plants,

lead to gastrointestinal distress

ml are used. Continuous use should not exceed three

and possible nervous system

weeks, with a break of at least two weeks between

not recommended for pregnant or lactating women.

G

QTU KQ LA

GROUND-HUGGING

plant grows in a widespread distribution in tropical,

swampy

What Conditions Might

Lanka, Madagascar, and South

Africa.

It

also

grows

Gotu Kola Be Supportive? •

Chronic venous insufficiency

•

Mental function

•

Minor burns

•

Scars

•

Scleroderma

•

Skin ulcers

•

Varicose veins

•

Wound

areas, in-

cluding parts of India, Pakistan, Sri

is

(Centelk asMica)

In

THIS

Goldenseal

effects.

in eastern

Europe. The roots and leaves are

healing

both used medicinally.

Historical or Traditional Use Gotu kola has been important

tems of central Asia for centuries. in Sri

Lanka

to prolong

life,

medicinal sys-

in the It

was purported

as the leaves are

com-

monly eaten by elephants. Numerous skin diseases, ranging from poorly healing wounds to leprosy, have been treated with gotu kola. Gotu kola also has a reputation

for

boosting

function

cognitive

and

for helping a variety of systemic illnesses, such as

high blood pressure, rheumatism,

vous disorders.

Some

of

its

fever,

common

and ner-

uses in Ayur-

vedic medicine include treating heart disease, water

Herbs

271

retention, hoarseness, bronchitis,

dren, and as a poultice for

many

and coughs

in chil-

skin conditions.

allowing

it

to steep for ten to fifteen minutes. Three

cups are usually drunk per

1

day.

Tincture can also be

used at a dose of 10-20 ml three times per day. Stan-

Active Constituents Saponins also called triterpenoids

known

as asiati-

dardized extracts containing up to

100%

penoids are generally taken as 60

mg

total triter-

once or twice

per day.

coside, madecassoside. and madasiatic acid are the

primary

active constituents.-

These saponins benefi-

makes up

cially affect collagen

the material that

connective tissue

example, inhibiting

,

for

its

pro-

duction in hyperactive scar tissue.

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? Except for the rare person

How Much

a

nausea

tea by

adding 1-2 teaspoons to 150 ml of boiling water and

GREEN TEA

(ComlliQ

ALL TEAS

green, black, and

oolong) are derived from the same plant. Camellia sinensis. in

prepared.

The

gotu

the plucked leaves are

The

leaves of the tea plant

excessively high doses are used. in

Gotu kola

pregnancy and while breast-

feeding.

sinensis.

What

Conditions Might Green Tea Be Supportive? •

Cancer

•

Gingivitis (periodontal disease) (page 56)

•

High cholesterol page 62

•

Hypertension (high blood pressure) (page 67)

•

Hypertriglyceridemia (high triglycerides)

differ-

how

if

should be avoided

In

is

allergic to

I

Dried gotu kola leaf can be made into

ence

is

problems encountered are occasional

kola, the only

Should Take?

who

risk reduction

page 69 are used both as a social

nal beverage.

and oolong

Green

tea.

is

and medici-

tea, unlike black

Immune

•

Infection

function page 72)

not fermented, so

the active constituents remain unaltered in the herb.

•

Historical or Traditional Use According to Chinese legend, tea was discovered accidentally by an then,

traditional

mended

emperor 4,000 years ago. Since Chinese

medicine

pains, digestion, depression,

recom-

immune enhancement,

detoxification, as an energizer,

Modern

has

green tea for headaches, body aches and

research

has

and to prolong

life.

confirmed many of these

health benefits.

272

Herbs

Active Constituents

typically

drunk

Asian countries

in

cups per day (providing 240-320

Green

and

tea contains volatile oils, vitamins, minerals,

caffeine, but the active constituents are polyphe-

nols, particularly the catechin called epigallocate-

(EGCG). The polyphenols

chin gallate

to be responsible for

most of green

are believed

tea's roles in pro-

moting good health. 1

many

against cardiovascular disease in tea lowers total cholesterol levels

cholesterol profile

HDL cholesterol

),

To brew green tea, 1 teaspoon of green tea leaves are combined with 250 ml (1 cup) of boiling water and steeped for three minutes. Tablets and capsules

cholesterol to

reduces platelet aggregation, and

lowers blood pressure.-

'

containing

polyphenols,

standardized

particularly

are decaffeinated

polyphenol content

EGCG,

extracts are

available;

and provide up to

—which

is

of

97%

equivalent to drink-

ing four cups of tea.

and improves the

LDL

the ratio of

ways. Green

mg

three

of polyphe-

nols).

some

Research demonstrates that green tea guards

—about

The polyphenols

in

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions?

green tea have also been shown to lessen the risk of several types of cancers, stimulate the production of

immune system

several

properties

— even

cells,

and have antibacterial

against the bacteria that cause

How Much fits

tea

is

The most common adfrom consuming large amounts

extremely

verse effect reported

of green tea

is

safe.

insomnia, anxiety, and other symp-

toms caused by the caffeine content

dental plaque."

Much

Green

in the herb.

Should Take? I

of the research documenting the health bene-

of green tea

G U

is

based on the amount of green tea

AR AN A

(

Wi/i/j

am What

Conditions Might Guarana Be Supportive? In

THE VAST is

grown

Brazil.

rived

majority of guarana

in a small area in

northern

Guarana gum or paste

from the seeds and

herbal supplements.

is

is

•

Athletic performance (page 14)

•

Fatigue

•

Weight

de-

loss

and obesity (page 124)

used in

Historical or Traditional Use The indigenous people

of the

Amazon

rain forest

used crushed guarana seed as a beverage and a medicine.

Guarana was

said to treat diarrhea, decrease fa-

tigue, reduce hunger,

and help

arthritis.

1

It

also has a

history of use in treating hangovers from alcohol

abuse and headaches related to menstruation.

Herbs

273

Active Constituents

How Much Should

Guaranine (which

A

is

nearly identical to caffeine) and

the closely related alkaloids theobromine and the-

ophylline

make up

guarana.

Caffeine's

guaranine) are well

the primary active agents in effects

(and hence those of

known and

and having

a mild diuretic effect.

term study found no significant or mental function in feine

may have

2

One

long-

on thinking

effects

humans taking guarana. Caf-

Guarana

astringents

crushed seed or resin to 250 ml

(1

cup) of water and

boiling for ten minutes, can be drunk three times per day.

Each cup may provide up to 50

mg of guaranine.

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? As with any

caffeinated product, guarana

adverse effects on the blood vessels as well as

on

may cause

insomnia, trembling, anxiety, palpitations, urinary developing

a

Guarana should be

frequency, and hyperactivity.

and presumably guaranine would have similar

effects.

cup of guarana, prepared by adding 1-2 grams of

3

and other body systems fetus,

Take?

include stimulating

the central nervous system, increasing metabolic rate,

I

also contains tannins, which act as

avoided during pregnancy and lactation. Long-term use

and may prevent diarrhea.

may cause decreased and

ease,

several

fertility,

cardiovascular dis-

forms of cancer, according to epi-

demiological studies of caffeine use.

GUG GU

(Comiphow mkul)

L

Gugulipid,

gum

What

Conditions Might Guggul Be Supportive? In

COMMON NAMES: guggulu

THE MUKUL

MYRRH

(Commiphora mukul)

tree

is

•

Atherosclerosis (page 11)

•

High

•

Hypertriglyceridemia (high triglycerides)

a

cholesterol (page 62)

(page 69)

small, thorny plant distributed

guggulu are the names given to a

Historical or Traditional Use

yellowish resin produced by the stem

The

throughout India. Guggul and

gum

of the plant. This resin has been

classical

treatise

on

Ayurvedic

Sushrita Samhita, describes the use of guggul for a

wide variety of conditions, including

used historically and source of

modern

is

also the

extracts of

arthritis

and

One of its primary indications was a condiknown as medoroga. This ancient diagnosis is

obesity.

tion

very similar to the

guggul.

medicine,

rosis.

modern

description of atheroscle-

Guggul was primarily used

dition by lowering

to prevent this con-

serum cholesterol and

triglyceride

levels.

274

Herbs

Are There Any Side

Active Constituents Guggul contains

resin, volatile oils,

and gum. The

compounds known These compounds have been

extract isolates ketonic steroid as

guggulsterones.

shown for

to provide the lipid-lowering actions noted 1

guggul.

triglycerides

VLDL

Guggul

significantly

and cholesterol

cholesterols (the

same time, "good"

it

"bad"

raises levels of

cholesterol).

LDL

as well as

cholesterols).

HDL

Guggul has

2

and

At the

cholesterol (the

shown

also been

reduce the stickiness of platelets

serum

lowers

—another

to

effect

that lowers the risk of coronary artery disease.

Effects or Interactions? Early studies with the crude oleoresin reported nu-

merous

abdominal pain, and skin

rash.

by persons with

liver disease

and

and/or triglycerides.

Should Take? I

in the ex-

intake of guggulsterones

Most

Many

physician

should be consulted for any case of elevated choles-

Considerations

guggulsterones.

A

3

based on the amount of guggulsterones

three times per day.

in cases of inflam-

matory bowel disease and diarrhea.

Special United

A common

extracts are

long-term use. Guggul should be used with caution

Daily recommendations for guggul are typically

tract.

Modern

more purified, and far fewer side effects (e.g., mild abdominal discomfort) have been reported with

terol

How Much

side effects, including diarrhea, anorexia,

is

25

mg

5-10%

extracts contain

people take the extracts daily

Guggul

is

Kingdom

either not available or

may

require a pre-

scription. Please check with your nutritionally ori-

ented physician.

for twelve to twenty-four weeks.

(Cym/ie/no sf/i/esfre]

G. sylvestre

is

known

as "periploca of the

woods"

in

COMMON NAME:

English and meshasringi (meaning "ram's horn") in

Gurmarbooti

ability to taste sweetness,

Sanskrit.

woody climbing plant

when chewed,

interfere

with the

which explains the Hindi

is

that grows

in the tropical forests of central

and

southern India. The leaves are used in herbal

leaves,

name gurmar— "destroyer of sugar."

GYMNEMA SYLVESTRE a

The

medicine preparations.

What Conditions

In

Might

Gymnema

Be Supportive? •

Diabetes (page 39)

Historical or Traditional Use Gymnema

has been used in India for the treat-

ment of diabetes

Herbs

for over 2,000 years.

The primary

275

application was for adult-onset diabetes

which

a condition for

mended today

in India.

(NIDDM),

continues to be recom-

it

The

leaves

were also used for

stomach ailments, constipation, water retention,

and

ongoing use

leaves. In adult-onset diabetics,

riods as long as eighteen to twenty

proven successful.

6

In

IDDM

amount has been used

betic patients, a similar

grams of the

leaf

months has

(juvenile onset) dia-

adjunct to ongoing use of insulin.

liver disease.

for pe-

powder per day

an 2-4 Traditionally,

is

as

used.

Active Constituents The hypoglycemic (blood sugar-lowering) gymnema leaves was first documented in 1920s.

1

This action

many

effect of

glycemic drugs.

Gymnema

according to research

in

prescription hypo-

leaves raise insulin levels,

healthy volunteers. 2

leaves are also noted for lowering triglycerides.

3

the late

The

serum cholesterol

While studies have shown that a

water-soluble acidic fraction of the leaves provides

hypoglycemic actions,

it is

constituent in the leaves tion.

Some

not yet clear what specific is

responsible for this ac-

researchers have suggested

acid as one possible candidate.

4

Further research

is

is re-

sponsible for this effect. Gurmarin, another con-

shown

and gymnemic acid have been

to block sweet taste in

How Much a

humans. 5

ally safe

have used 400

HAWTHORN

only use

HAWTHORN

gymnema

NIDDM

should

to lower blood sugar under the

clinical supervision of a health care professional.

Gymnema trol

cannot be used

in place of insulin to

blood sugar by persons with

Special United

con-

IDDM or NIDDM.

Kingdom

Considerations Gymnema

Crataegus

is

either not available or

may

require a

raamm)

is

commonly

ers.

medicinal extracts use the leaves and flow-

Traditional preparations use the ripe fruit.

Europe, western Asia, and

What Conditions Might

In

276

safety of

(Crataegus laevigata ar

oxprntk

nothern Africa.

The

during pregnancy and lactation has not

been determined. Persons with

Modern

in

side effects.

gener-

is

I

gymnema

found

and devoid of

gymnema yet

amounts suggested, gymnema

Should Take?

water-soluble acidic fraction of the

Crataegus

at the

oriented physician.

per day of

in India

Used

prescription. Please check with your nutritionally

mg

Recent studies

Effects or Interactions?

gymnemic

needed to clearly determine which constituent

stituent of the leaves,

Are There Any Side

gradual in nature, differing

is

from the rapid

and

effect of

Hawthorn Be Supportive? •

Angina pectoris

•

Atherosclerosis (page 11)

Herbs

• •

The

tremity circulation.

Congestive heart failure (page 30)

bioflavonoids in hawthorn 3

Hawthorn extracts may mildly lower blood pressure in some individuals

Hypertension (high blood pressure)

are potent antioxidants.

(page 67)

with high blood pressure but should not be thought of as a substitute for cardiac medications for this

Historical or Traditional Use

condition.

Dioscorides, a Greek herbalist, used hawthorn in the

first

How Much Should

Take?

I

century A.D. Although numerous passing

mentions are made for a variety of conditions, support for the heart

is

main

the

benefit of hawthorn.

Extracts of the leaves and flowers are most com-

monly used by

nutritionally oriented doctors.

Haw-

thorn extracts standardized for total bioflavonoid content (usually 2.2%) or oligomeric procyanidins

Active Constituents The

leaves, flowers,

and

berries of

18.75%) are often used.

80-300

mg

of the herbal extract in capsules or

two

to three times per day or a tincture of

hawthorn contain tablets

a variety of bioflavonoid-like

complexes that appear

4-5 ml three times

daily. If traditional

to be primarily responsible for the cardiac actions of

the plant. Bioflavonoids found in

hawthorn include

oligomeric procyanidins (OPCs) (page 199), vitexin, quercetin (page 201), and hyperoside. these

compounds on

led to the

the

muscle.

-

Also,

it

Hawthorn may

grams per

day.

months

maximum

for

effect

is

at least

take one to two

and should be consid-

in

leaf

and flower

extracts,

Are There Any Side

Europe.

inhibit angiotensin-converting

Effects or Interactions? Hawthorn are

is

extremely safe for long-term use. There

no known interactions with prescription cardiac

enzyme (ACE) and reduce production of the potent

medications or other drugs. There are no

blood vessel—constricting substance angiotensin

contraindications to

II.

This reduces resistance in arteries and improves ex-

HOPS

its

known

use during pregnancy or

lactation.

(tay/i/s lupuk)

Hops

THE HOPS PLANT,

Humulus

are the cone-like, fruiting bodies (strobiles) of

the plant and are typically harvested from cultivated

female plants.

lupulus,

4-5

ered a long-term therapy.

and the contractions of the heart

may

recommendation

berry prepa-

action of

Hawthorn has numerous beneficial effects on heart and blood vessels. It may improve coronary

artery blood flow 1

rations are used, the

people take

the cardiovascular system has

development of

which are widely used

The

Many

(usually

is

a climbing plant native to

Hops

are

most commonly used

as a

flavoring agent in beer.

Europe, Asia, and North America.

What

Conditions Might Hops Be Supportive? In

Herbs

•

Anxiety

•

Insomnia (page 79)

277

Historical or Traditional Use

valerian (page 316).

Soothing the stomach and promoting healthy diges-

How Much

bine hops with

more potent

sedative herbs, such as

Should Take? I

tion have been the strongest historical uses of this

Hops

herb.

tea

was

and remedy

sedative

recommended

also

as a mild

for insomnia, particularly for

those with insomnia resulting from an upset stomach.

1

It

was also

common

with hops to encourage

sleep.

were also thought to have

A

treat sexual neuroses.

topically to treat sores lieve

for a pillow to be filled

Traditionally,

a diuretic effect

and to

was used

poultice of hops

and skin

hops

and to

injuries

re-

The

dried fruits can be

made

into a tea by pouring

150 ml of boiling water over 1-2 teaspoons of the fruit.

Steep for ten to fifteen minutes before drinking.

Tinctures can be taken in amounts of 1-2 ml two or three times per day. Dried hops in tablet or capsule

form can also be taken

two or three times per

many

at a day.

dose of 500-1,000

mg

As mentioned above,

herbal preparations use hops in combination

with herbal sedatives, including valerian, passion

muscle spasms and nerve pain. 2

flower (page 295), and scullcap (page 308).

Are There Any Side

Active Constituents Hops

bitter principles are

lone.

The two primary humulone and lupu-

are high in bitter substances.

3

These

known

as

bitter principles are

thought to be

re-

sponsible for the appetite-stimulating properties of

hops.

Hops

also contain about

Hops have been shown ties.

Many

1-3%

volatile oils.

to have mild sedative proper-

herbal preparations for insomnia

com-

HOnSc CHESTNUT

Effects or Interactions? Use of hops

known

is

native to Asia

tree

and northern Greece,

generally safe, and there are

no

contraindications or potential interactions

with other medications. There are some reports of persons experiencing an allergic skin rash after handling the dried flowers; this

is

most

likely

due to

a

pollen sensitivity.

(kscuk Traditionally,

THE HORSE CHESTNUT

is

topcosto/ii/mj

many

of the aerial parts of the horse

chestnut tree, including the seeds, leaves, and bark,

were used

in medicinal preparations.

Modern

ex-

tracts of horse chestnut are usually extracts of the

but

it is

now

cultivated in

of Europe and tree

produces

many

areas

fruits that are

three large seeds,

278

which are high

in the active constituent aescin.

North America. The

made up

of a spiny capsule containing one to

chestnuts.

seeds,

known

as horse

What

In

Conditions

Might Horse Chestnut

Be Supportive? •

Chronic venous insufficiency

•

Edema

•

Hemorrhoids (page

60)

Herbs

•

Sprains and other injuries

•

Varicose veins

How Much Should Traditionally, 0.2-1.0

Take?

I

grams of the dried seeds were

used per day. However, only standardized extracts

Historical or Traditional Use Horse chestnut

remedy and

leaves have

should be used

isolated aescin preparations are often

been used as a cough

arthritis

to a

and skin cancer. Other

and external application

cose veins and hemorrhoids.

The

vari-

topical prepara-

2 circulation through the veins. Aescin

promotes nor-

of the veins, thereby promoting

return of blood to the heart. This has

in

made both

and internal horse chestnut extracts popular

topical

Europe

ficiency

for the treatment of chronic

and varicose

veins.

venous insuf-

Aescin also possesses

anti-inflammatory properties and has been shown to

reduce edema (swelling with

fluid)

following

trauma, particularly those following sports

injuries, is

is

A

is

usually reduced

mg

of aescin per

and trauma of other kinds.

A

gel of aescin

typically applied to the affected area three to four

times per day.

is

often

combined with witch hazel (page

321).

injuries,

Effects or Interactions? Internal

use of

purified

horse chestnut extracts

standardized for aescin at the doses listed here generally safe. There have been

two reports of

is

kid-

ney

damage

ties

of aescin. Horse chestnut should be avoided by

anyone with is

in

persons consuming very large quanti-

liver

or kidney disease.

Its

internal use

also contraindicated during pregnancy

tion.

"*

and

lacta-

Topically, horse chestnut has been associated

with rare cases of allergic skin reactions. Since culation

very popular in Europe for the treatment of

swelling

injury.

noted, this

4

Topical aescin preparations are used in Europe

topical aescin prepara-

surgery,

tion

and head

3

of aescin per day.

Are There Any Side

which has been shown to promote

in the walls

recommended

For hemorrhoids and varicose veins, horse chest-

Extracts of the seeds are the source of a saponin

mal tone

(16-21%) or

for hemorrhoids, skin ulcers, varicose veins, sports

to treat phlebitis.

Active Constituents as aescin,

is

mg

maintenance dose of 35-70

day.

nut

known

dose of 90-150

and inflammation of

problems of venous circulation, including

was also used

initial

Once improvement

uses include the internal

tion

an

also be-

1

and rheumatism. Poultices of the seeds were used

for

at

They were

topically to treat skin ulcers

Horse chestnut seed ex-

tracts standardized for aescin content

to reduce fevers.

lieved to reduce pain

internally.

disorders

may be

cir-

and trauma associated with

the sign of a serious condition, a

acute sprains during sporting events. Horse chest-

health care professional should be consulted before

nuts also contain flavonoids, sterols, and tannins.

self-treating with horse chestnut.

Herbs

279

HORSERADISH (UVtamM*) What

Conditions Might Horseradish Be Supportive? In

HORSERADISH

likely origi-

nated in eastern Europe, but today is

cultivated worldwide.

The

root

it

is

•

Bronchitis

•

Common cold/sore throat

•

Indigestion

•

Sinus congestion

used as food and medicine.

(page 28)

Historical or Traditional Use Horseradish,

known

for

its

pungent

taste,

has been

used as a medicine and condiment for centuries in

Europe. tice

name

Its

is

derived from the

of naming a food according to

its

common

prac-

similarity with

another food (horseradish was considered a rough substitute for radishes).

Horseradish was used both internally and exter-

Applied to the skin,

nally.

was used on nally,

it

it

causes reddening and

arthritic joints or irritated nerves. Inter-

was considered primarily

was used

for kidney stones or

ommended found use

edema.

It

was

and

also rec-

as a digestive stimulant. In addition,

in the

sore throats.

to be a diuretic

it

treatment of worms, coughs, and

1

Active Constituents Horseradish contains mustard, which

Among

is

in

many compounds the

similar to

same botanical

these constituents are volatile

oil,

family.

isothio-

cyanates, and glycosides. Horseradish has antibiotic properties,

which may account

for

its

easing of

throat and upper respiratory tract infections.

The

glycosides are responsible for the reddening effect (by increasing blood flow to the area)

radish

280

is

when

horse-

applied topically.

Herbs

How Much Should The of

l

I

Take?

freshly grated root can be eaten in the /2-l

tincture

teaspoon three times per is

also available

amount of 2-3 ml

day.

amount

Horseradish

and can be used

in the

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? Very high doses of horseradish can cause vomiting or excessive sweating. Direct application to the skin or

three times per day.

may cause

eyes

irritation

and burning. Horseradish

should be avoided by patients with hypothyroidism.

H

RS

ETA

I

L

(fy/isefi/m

Qmnse)

What

Conditions Might Horsetail Be Supportive? In

COMMON NAMES

Shave

grass, scouring rush

HORSE T A

I

L

is

widely distrib-

•

Brittle nails

•

Osteoarthritis (page 97)

•

Osteoporosis (page 100)

•

Rheumatoid

•

Water retention

uted throughout the temperate

arthritis (page 115)

climate zones of the northern hemisphere, including Asia, ica,

North Amer-

1

and Europe. Horsetail

is

a

unique plant with two distinctive types of stems.

One variety of stem

Historical or Traditional Use Since

in spring

and looks

like tis,

asparagus, except for

its

brown

color and the spore-containing

was recommended by the Roman physician

Galen, several cultures have employed horsetail as a folk

grows early

it

remedy

for kidney

and bladder troubles,

arthri-

bleeding ulcers, and tuberculosis. Additionally,

the topical use of horsetail ing of

said to stop the bleed-

is

wounds and promote

rapid healing.

The use

of this herb as an abrasive cleanser to scour pots or

cones on top. The mature form of the herb, appearing in

summer,

has branched, thin, green,

stems and looks very feathery

shave

wood

mon names

illustrates the origin of horsetail's

—scouring rush and shave

grass.

com-

2

sterile

much

Active Constituents like a

Horsetail

is

very rich in

silicic

tail.

which provide approximately

acid

2-3%

and

silicates,

elemental

sili-

con. Potassium, aluminum, and manganese along

with fifteen different types of bioflavonoids are also

found

in the herb.

The presence of

these bioflav-

onoids are believed to cause the diuretic action, while the silicon content

Herbs

is

said to exert a connective

281

tissue— strengthening

and

antiarthritic action. 3

Some

experts have suggested that the element silicon vital

component

for

in preventing osteoporosis.

ment of

may be

may be

tail is

4

horsetail,

beneficial

Anecdotal reports sug-

of

some use

in the treat-

brittle nails.

How Much Should

I

used; Equisetum palustre

a

bone and cartilage formation.

This would indicate that horsetail

gest that horsetail

is

concern would be that the correct species of horse-

Take?

is

another species of

which contains toxic alkaloids and

well-known

a

is

livestock poison.

The Canadian Health Protection Branch requires supplement manufacturers to document that their products do not contain the enzyme thiaminase, found in crude horsetail, which destroys the B vitamin thiamin. Since alcohol, temperature, and kalinity neutralize this potentially harmful

al-

enzyme,

Horsetail can be taken daily as a tea at 1-4 grams

tinctures, fluid extracts, or preparations of the herb

A tincture can also be used at 2-6 ml per day.

subjected to 100°C temperatures during manufac-

per day.

turing should be the preferable form of the plant utilized for medicinal use.^

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? Horsetail

is

generally

considered

safe

for

non-

pregnant adults at the recommended dose. The only

Wperas commis) What

Conditions Might Juniper Be Supportive? In

JUNIPER, tree,

a type of evergreen

grows mainly

in the plains re-

•

Urinary tract infection (page 120)

•

Water retention

gions of Europe as well as in other parts of the world.

The medicinal

portion of the plant a berry, but

it is

is

referred to as

Historical or Traditional Use

actually a dark blueAside from being used as the flavoring agent in gin,

black scale from the cone of the tree.

Unlike other pine cones, the juniper

juniper trees have contributed to the

everything from

many cones are fleshy and

soft.

soap to perfume.

making of Medicinally,

conditions have been treated with juniper

berries, including gout, warts cer,

1

and skin growths, can-

upset stomach, and various urinary tract and

kidney diseases.

Active Constituents The

volatile oils, particularly 4-terpineol, cause

increase in urine volume.

282

-

Some

an

evidence suggests

it

Herbs

may lower

uric acid levels, although further study

required to confirm

is

Although juniper lignans

this.

inhibit the herpes simplex virus in laboratory studies,

human

treatment for

has yet to be proven.

J

added

to

its

traditional

ml of

tincture can be taken three times per day.

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? Due

is

tablespoon of juniper berries and allowed

taking diuretic drugs should not take juniper. Appli-

Should Take? I

250 ml

1

cup

of boiling water

to steep for twenty minutes in a tightly covered container.

day, or 1-2

damage to the kidneys, juniper should never be taken for more than six weeks continuously. Anyone with serious kidney diseases or

a tea, 1

grams can be taken three times per

Juniper contains bitter sub-

use in digestive upset and related problems.

To make

a capsule or tablet, 1-2

herpes infections by juniper

stances, at least partly accounting for

How Much

and antimicrobial herbs. As

One cup can be drunk each morning and

night. Juniper

is

often

KAVA

combined with other

(Pipsf

diuretic

to potential

cation of the essential rash. Pregnant

mav cause

is

family and

Ocean stock)

a

member

is

is

of the pepper

native to

islands.

used.

women

skin can cause a

should avoid jumper, as

it

uterine contractions.

mthptkm,

What

Conditions Might Kava Be Supportive? In

K A VA

oil directly to

many

The rhizome

•

Pacific

Anxiety

(root

Historical or Traditional Use A

nonalcoholic drink

made from

the root of kava

played an important role in a variety of ceremonies in the Pacific islands, including

royalty, at

welcoming

visiting

meetings of village elders, or as part of so-

cial gatherings.

Kava was valued both

for

ing effects and to encourage socializing.

its It

mellow-

was

also

noted for initiating a state of contentment, a greater sense of well-being, and enhanced mental acuity.

memory, and sensory perception. Kava has

also been

used traditionally to treat pain.

Active Constituents The

kava-lactones, sometimes referred to as kava-

pyrones, are important active constituents in kava herbal extracts. High-quality kava rhizomes contain

Herbs

283

53-83% kava-lactones.- Medicinal extracts used in Eir-.r-t

-

-

12:1

-"

:

i-it!

-:--;-;

-

-

:".

i-

".

i

-.z

~

2f:

^-Z,ztr:T

-

•:

t-rt!i:ciz

"2t

•

i

21 i

Are There Any Side

-r=

mav hate annamaert

Kara-Iactones : i

-2

-.

_

:

:

Effects or Interactions?

analgesic

211;.—

-

:2ii

ii2t!2t

rti"

'-..\

:r;-

:t:i:

":

itr.iti i~;"i".:: i

•

n

2rt

_--t

i

:"

"tr:*"r;;:-T*"

Z2«ir. ittjt

:

-

~

:

:

the limbic system, the ancient: pait of the brain asso-

bances in some people. Long-term consumption of

dated with emotions and other brain actmtks. 3

•neiy

mar

high doses of kava

torn the skin yellow

temporarily; If ihis occurs, people should simply dis-

How Much :•::-

it::

-

Should 12'.

A

wrfji

".-

-.:

.

i

•

>

_:-t

:

:::- :i-z:

it.

trz.:

:

'

:•:

re-

action, such as a rash, mar occur.

:.i

it:

"t

Take? 1—3 ml of

:

Kara is not recommended for use by pregnant or ~ -.!-.. : i:t it :: :tr '>:::: .: _ '.:

•

with other substances that also act on the central

:

nercons system, such as alcohol, barbiturates, ano-

:~::~"7: 21:1 : zr_Z:

i-z '----".

'hwtiok:': _::_

*

COMMON NAME: KUDZU

-

-

t

-

-

:

-

r r .

- zi

:

~.

.-

:

:i2 2t:

::

i:t2:

—

.r.

:_.-.-

along roadsides, thickets and thin

tains, fields,

Ge-gen

-.

i".

-

_:

:

-

Zr

: :

; :

Tr.t

1

::

:

:

21-

:

:

other Asian species of kndzn, Puemria tbomsonis. :s

a coarse, high-climbing,

2>: .:-::--

7--

:

2.

-12

is

~=

.

twining, trailing perennial rine.

The huge root, which can grow to the size of a

human body, is the

Conditions Might Kudzu Be Supportive?

source of medicinal preparations .>::

:r.

:ri_.:.::i.i. Zr.r.t-z

What

In

-

~±i:z:r.±

•

-

•

-

.

--

-

-

-

_

.

mgh blood pressure,)

Hypertension

•

(page

-.

7

Historical or Traditional Use •

'.;:.

ti.

1

2

.

--7--

-.2=

::•::

1 1 1 t>t .

-

:

:

--7

:

rhmpop

.

:

21:

herbal test of Shen rional

.«-_-.:

it-tr

~12

.

-•

1

:tiiir.f:

:::

7i t

1 1 2 r zt-zti 2

•

-72

:

Nong

mpdirinf,,

:

it

.

«

(circa AJ>.

kndzn root

r.

ri

r

:

::::-

Tit 2 1

.1

100

l.

:

:

2. 1

7

1

In tradi-

used in pre-

is

scriptions for the treatment of wei, or "superficial," :

284

-.l:\-.Z

1

2:72-7 "2T

~

2"

*'t

-

T

r

-

:

T

2117.- Tit

surface

—

mild, but with fever), thirst, headache,

neck with pain due to high blood pressure.

stiff

recommended

also

for

allergies,

1

It is

1993 animal study showed that both daidzin and

It is

daidzein inhibit the desire for alcohol. 3

migraine head-

aches, inadequate measles eruptions in children,

diarrhea.

and

and

interesting to note that the historical

application for

drunkenness has become a major

focal point of modern research on kudzu. It is also used in modern Chinese medicine as a treatment for

angina pectoris.

concluded that the root extract may in

in fact

alcoholism. This has not yet been proven in controlled clinical studies with

How Much

humans.

Should Take? I

grams per day of kudzu

root.

the standardized root (10

Kudzu root

is

high in isoflavones, such as daidzein,

as well as isoflavone glycosides, such as daidzin

puerarin. total

Depending on

its

growing conditions, the

in the highest

by daidzin and daidzein.

As

is

suggests 9-15

In China, tablets of

of weight per tablet

equivalent to 1.5 grams of the crude root) are used for angina pectoris. This

two

would equate

to

30-120

mg

to three times per day.

concentration, followed

Are There Any Side

2

the case with other flavonoid-like sub-

stances, the constituents in

kudzu root are

arteries.

A

Effects or Interactions?

associ-

ated with improved microcirculation and blood flow

through the coronary

mg

4

from 1.77-12.0%,

isoflavone content varies

with puerarin

and

be useful

reducing the urge for alcohol and as treatment for

The 1985 Chinese Pharmacopoeia

Active Constituents

The authors

widely publicized

(M'issq

At the dosages recommended

here, there have been

no reports of kudzu

humans.

toxicity in

officinalis)

What Conditions Might Lemon Balm In

THE LEMON BALM

plant

originated in southern Europe and

now found throughout the The lemony

world.

widespread cultivation leaves, stems,

lemon balm

Be Supportive? •

Grave's disease (hyperthyroidism)

•

Herpes simplex

•

Indigestion

•

Insomnia (page 79)

•

Nerve pain

smell and pretty white

flowers of the plant have led to

The

is

its

in gardens.

and flowers of

are used medicinally.

Historical or Traditional Use Charlemagne once ordered that lemon balm be planted in every monastery garden, testifying to

importance and beauty.

Herbs

1

It

was used

its

traditionally to

285

treat gas, sleeping difficulties,

and heart problems.

was

Additionally, topical applications to the temples

at

2-3 ml three times per

topical extracts for herpes can be applied three to

Lemon balm 297) and

terpenes, part of the pleasant smelling essential

from lemon balm, produce

and gas-relieving

this herb's relaxing

Flavonoids, polyphenolics,

effects.

combined with other example, peppermint (page

frequently

lemon balm together

are very effective for

soothing an upset stomach. Valerian (page 316) often

combined with lemon balm

nerve pain. Bugleweed

and other compounds appear to be responsible

for

lemon balm

lemon balm's antiherpes and thyroid-regulating

ac-

disease.

tions.

is

medicinal plants. For

Active Constituents oil

Highly concentrated

four times per day to the herpes lesions. 3

sometimes used for insomnia or nerve pain.

The

day.

for

is

insomnia and

{Lycopus virginicus) and

are usually used together for Grave's

These constituents actually block attachment

to the thyroid cells by the antibodies that cause

Grave's disease. 2

The

(thyroid-stimulating

brain's signal to the thyroid

hormone, or TSH)

is

also

blocked from further stimulating the excessively active

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions? No significant adverse effects from

thyroid gland in this disease.

lemon balm have

been reported. Unlike sedative drugs, lemon balm

How Much Should A

simple tea,

made from

I

Take?

2 tablespoons of the herb

steeped for ten to fifteen minutes in 150 ml of boiling water,

is

often used.

A

tincture can also be used

even while driving or operating machinery.

safe

Lemon

balm's sedating effects are not intensified by

alcohol. Persons with

balm

may

is

glaucoma should avoid lemon

essential oil, as

animal studies show that

raise pressure in the eye.

it

4

LICORICE (Gkqub qkk G/fCFfa mksh) In

ORIGINALLY FROM Europe, licorice across Europe is

central

now grows all

and Asia. The root

used medicinally.

What Conditions

Might Licorice

Be Supportive? Asthma

(page

9)

Bronchitis

Canker

sores

(mouth

ulcers) (page 21)

(DGL)

Chronic fatigue syndrome

Eczema (page 49) Fibromyalgia (page 53) Indigestion and heartburn

(DGL)

Herpes simplex Peptic ulcer (page 103)

286

(DGL)

Herbs

Historical or Traditional Use

drome, or topically

Licorice has a long and highly varied record of uses.

root capsules can be used, 5-6 grams per day. Alter-

It

For respiratory infections, chronic fatigue syn-

glycyrrhizin should be used. Encapsulated licorice

was and remains one of the most important

Among

herbs in traditional Chinese medicine.

most consistent and important uses were demulcent (soothing, coating agent)

and urinary

tracts, to help

sore throats,

and

the

as

a

in the digestive

with coughs, to soothe

as a flavoring.

It

has also been

natively, a tea

root in

two

to three cups of this per day.

Long-term internal

ucts should be taken only with caution

and under

the supervision of a nutritionally oriented doctor.

Licorice creams or gels can be applied directly to

herpes sores three to four times per day.

tuberculosis.

Are There Any Side

Active Constituents

Effects or Interactions?

The two most important

constituents of licorice are

and the flavonoids. Glycyrrhizin

is

anti-

inflammatory and inhibits the breakdown of the Cortisol

can be made by boiling V2 ounce of

pint of water for fifteen minutes, drinking

1

use of high doses of glycyrrhizin-containing prod-

used to treat conditions ranging from diabetes to

glycyrrhizin

for herpes, extracts containing

produced by the body.

1

2

It

also has antiviral

Licorice products that

may

still

contain the glycyrrhizin

increase blood pressure

tion.

Some people

are

more

and cause water

reten-

sensitive to this effect

properties. Licorice flavonoids, as well as the closely

than others. Long-term intake of products contain-

related chalcones, help digestive tract cells heal.

ing

They

are also potent antioxidants

and work

to pro-

more than 1 gram of glycyrrhizin (which is the amount in approximately 10 grams of root) daily is the usual

tect the cells of the liver.

amount

required to cause these effects.

As

long-term

in-

a result of these possible side effects,

How Much Should A

take of high levels of glycyrrhizin are discouraged I

Take?

and should only be undertaken

if

prescribed by a

qualified health care professional. licorice

without the glycyrrhizin

preparation

Deglycyrrhizinated

licorice

extracts

circumvents certain potential safety problems as explained below.

The

result

is

known

cause these side effects because there

is

do

not

no

gly-

as deglycyrrhiz-

cyrrhizin in them.

inated licorice (DGL), which

is

used for conditions

of the digestive tract, such as ulcers. For best effects,

one 200-300

mg tablet

is

chewed three times per day

before meals and before bed. For

mg of DGL powder can

mouth

ulcers

be mixed with 200 ml

200

warm

mouth for three minutes, and then spit out. Licorice may also be taken as a tincture in the amount of 2-5 ml, three times daily. water, swished in the

Herbs

Special United

Kingdom

Considerations Licorice

is

either not available or

may

require a pre-

scription. Please check with your nutritionally ori-

ented physician.

287

MA

I

TAKE

(6iihk fmnioss)

What

Conditions Might Maitake Be Supportive? In

MAITAKE room

is

a very large

(the size of a basketball),

which grows deep

in the

taste

•

Chemotherapy support (page 25)

•

Diabetes (page 39)

•

High

•

HIV

•

Hypertension (high blood pressure)

mountains

Famous

of northeastern Japan. its

mush-

for

and renowned health bene-

cholesterol (page 62)

support

(page 67) fits,

maitake

also

is

known

as the

•

(page 69)

"dancing mushroom." Legend 1

•

holds that those

who found

way

name

the fruit bodies of the

room

Immune

function (page 72)

the rare

to the

Historical or Traditional Use

mush-

Historically,

mushroom began dancing with Others attribute the

Hypertriglyceridemia (high triglycerides)

joy.

overlap each other, giving the

maitake has been used as a tonic and

adaptogen. Along with other "medicinal" mush-

rooms, such as shiitake and

appearance of dancing

Maitake

is

butterflies.

extremely sensitive to

as a food to help ditionally,

reishi,

maitake was used

promote wellness and

consumption

of

vitality.

Tra-

mushroom was

the

thought to prevent high blood pressure and cancer

environmental changes, which has presented

many

cultivating this

challenges to those

mushroom. Only

re-

cently have Japanese farmers suc-

ceeded

in

producing high-quality,

organic maitake mushrooms, allow-

two applications that have been the

modern

research.

Active Constituents A common herbal

denominator among mushroom and

adaptogens

polysaccharides

in

is

the

their

presence structure.

components have the unique ing for wider availability both in

Japan and the United fruiting

States.

The

body and the mycelium of

maitake are used medicinally.

focal point of

munomodulators and,

present

unique structure and are to be studied to date.

beta-D-glucan,

and

is

is

2

well

complex

These

active

ability to act as

im-

as such, are researched for

their potential role in cancer

The polysaccharides

of

and AIDS treatment. maitake have a

in

among

the

most powerful

The primary polysaccharide, absorbed when taken orally

currently under review for the prevention and

treatment of cancer and as a supportive tool for 34 infection.

HIV

mushroom

has

Clinical research with maitake

increased dramatically in the past several years. In

288

Herbs

addition

maitake the

cancer

to is

and

HIV-infection

also being studied as a potential tool in

management of

cholesterol,

diabetes, hypertension, high

and obesity (page

Maitake can be used as

available

the whole fruiting

a

the fruit

I

Take?

as a food or tea.

Maitake

body

is

higher in polysaccharides than

the mycelium, which

Many

why

is

it

is

recommended.

people take 3-7 grams of maitake supple-

ments per

124).

How Much Should also

studies,

day.

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions?

is

capsule or tablet containing

body of maitake. For maitake,

Used

as

recommended

here, there have been

no

re-

ports of any side effects with maitake.

MARSH MALLOW (MtotiMj What Conditions

In

THE

MARSHMALLOW

plant loves water and grows primarily in

Might Marshmallow

Be Supportive?

marshes. Originally from

Europe,

it

now grows

States as well.

The

in the

•

Asthma (page

•

Common cold/sore throat (page 28)

•

Crohn's disease (page 34)

•

Diarrhea (page 44)

•

Peptic ulcer (page 103)

United

root and leaves

are used.

9)

Historical or Traditional Use Marshmallow

(not to

be confused with confec-

tionery marshmallows, which are a product of the

modern food

industry) has long been used to treat

coughs and sore throats. cilage content, this plant

1

is

Because of

its

high mu-

soothing and healing to

inflamed mucous membranes. Additionally,

it

was

used to treat chapped skin, chilblains, and even

minor wounds.

Active Constituents The

active constituents in

carbohydrate (sugar)

Herbs

marshmallow

molecules, which

are large

make up

289

mucilage.

smooth, slippery substance can

This

letting

it

steep.

Drink three to

soothe and protect irritated mucous membranes. Al-

extracts in capsules

though marshmallow has primarily been used

of

the respiratory cilage content

and

may

digestive tracts,

also provide

urinary tract and skin.

its

some

for

high mu-

relief for the

and

five

cups a

day.

5-6 grams

tablets providing

marshmallow per day can

Herbal

also be used, or

be taken as a tincture in the

may

it

amount of 5-15

ml,

three times daily.

2

Are There Any Side

How Much Should Marshmallow can be made tea.

Make

a tea by

I

Take?

into a hot or cold water

adding roots and/or leaves and

MILK THISTLE

Effects or Interactions? Marshmallow

found growing wild

is

(S/'/yii/m /nor/o/ii/mj

commonly

in a variety of

settings, including roadsides, world-

wide.

The

very safe. Reports of allergic reac-

tions are extremely rare.

What Conditions

In

MILK THISTLE

is

Might Milk Thistle

Be Supportive? •

Gallstones (page 55)

•

Liver support

•

Psoriasis (page 112)

seeds of the dried flower

are used.

Historical or Traditional Use Medical use of milk

more than 2,000

thistle

can be traced back

well-known

years. Culpepper, the

eighteenth-century herbalist, cited

use for open-

its

ing "obstructions" of the liver and spleen and rec-

ommended thistle liver,

it

for the treatment of jaundice.

Milk

has also been used to relieve congestion of the

spleen,

and kidneys.

Active Constituents Milk

thistle seeds

known

contain a bioflavonoid complex

as silymarin. This constituent

for the medical benefits of the plant.

made up

is 1

responsible

Silymarin

of three parts: silibinin, silidianin,

cristin. Silibinin is the

most

active

and

is

and

is

sili-

largely re-

2 sponsible for the benefits attributed to silymarin.

290

Herbs

Milk liver

thistle extract

may

protect the cells of the

by blocking the entrance of harmful toxins and

helping remove these toxins from the

with other bioflavonoids, silymarin tioxidant (page jured liver

cells.

8).

5

Milk

is

liver cells.

34

per day. This lower

thistle also regenerates in-

6

also be used for pre-

ventive purposes.

As

a powerful an-

amount may

who

For those tle

12-15 grams of milk

prefer,

seeds can be ground and eaten or

made

this-

into a tea.

This should not be considered therapeutic for conditions of the

liver,

however.

Are There Any Side

How Much Many

people with

function take 420 herbal

extract

70-80% and

in

Milk

thistle extract is virtually

of silymarin per day from an

fects

and may be used by

milk

thistle

standardized

to

experience,

improvement should be

about eight to twelve weeks. Once that oc-

curs, intake

is

Effects or Interactions?

liver

and impaired

silymarin content. According to research

clinical

noted

I

liver disease

mg

of

Should Take?

often reduced to 280

mg of

silymarin

a

devoid of any side

wide range of people,

including pregnant and lactating

marin does stimulate

may have

liver

ef-

women.

Since

sily-

and gallbladder activity,

some cease within two

a mild, transient laxative effect in

dividuals. This will usually

it

in-

to

three days.

(iy (KM hpSUS) What Conditions Might

In IN

EUROPE,

the flowers from

Verbascum phlomoides or Verbas-

•

Asthma

•

Bronchitis

•

Common cold/sore throat

•

Cough

•

Recurrent ear infection (page 47)

cum thapsiforme, both close relatives

of North American mullein,

are the source of

most mullein

herbal products.

The

leaves

and

flowers of mullein are typically used in herbal preparations.

The

9)

(page 28)

leaves

midsummer and

flowers between July

(page

Historical or Traditional Use Mullein

are collected in

Be Supportive?

Mullein

the

and September.

is

classified in the herbal literature as a ex-

pectorant and demulcent herb. Historically, mullein

has been used as a remedy for the respiratory tract, particularly

in

cases

bronchial congestion.

1

of

irritating

coughs

As such, bronchitis

sufferers

often find relief with this herb, particularly

combined with white horehound and

with

lobelia.

when Some

herbal texts extended the therapeutic use to pneu-

monia and asthma. 2 Because of

its

mucilage content,

mullein was also used topically as a soothing emollient for

Herbs

inflammatory skin conditions and burns.

291

Active Constituents

The

tea can be

drunk three

the tincture. 1-4 ml

Mullein contains about 3°o mucilage and small

amounts of saponins and tannins." The mucilaginous constituents are primarily responsible for the soothing effects on mucous membranes noted for mullein. are

Many

herbal experts

responsible

mullein.

for

the

feel that

the saponins

expectorant

actions

is

to four times per day. For

taken three to four times

per day. As a dried product, 1-2 grams

is

used three

times per day. As mentioned above, mullein

is

usu-

combined with other demulcent or expectorant herbs when used to treat coughs and bronchial ally

irritation.

of

4

Are There Any Side

How Much A

tea of mullein

is

Should Take? I

made by pouring 250 ml

1

cup

Effects or Interactions? Mullein

is

generally safe,

and there are no known

use during pregnancy or lac-

of boiling water over 1-2 teaspoons of dried leaves

contraindications to

or flowers and steeping for ten to fifteen minutes.

tation, except for rare reports of skin irritation.

M Yn

n H {ComipkiQ molmol)

What

Conditions Might Myrrh Be Supportive? In

MYRRH

grows as

a

shrub

in

desert regions, particularly in north-

•

Athlete's foot

•

Canker

•

Common

•

Gingivitis periodontal disease)

eastern Africa and the Middle East.

The used

resin in

its

obtained from the stems

is

sores

(mouth

ulcers

page 21

cold/sore throat page 2 N

page

medicinal preparations.

Historical or Traditional Use mummies. It was also numerous infections, including Myrrh was also recommended

utilized in the preservation of

used as a remedy for leprosy and syphilis. for relief

from bad breath and

for dental conditions.

In traditional Chinese medicine,

it

1

has been used for

bleeding disorders and wounds.

Active Constituents The the

three

main constituents of myrrh

gum, and the

volatile oil. All are

are the resin,

important

in

mvrrh's activitv as an herbal medicine. The resin has

292

Herbs

been shown to

macrophages

various microbes and to stimulate

kill

type of white blood

(a

also has astringent properties fect

on inflamed

cell).

and has

2

a soothing ef-

mouth and

tissues in the

Myrrh throat.

Studies continue on the potential anticancer and pain-relieving effects of

myrrh

resin.

plied topically for canker sores

Due

gummy

to the

and

athlete's foot.

nature of the product, a tea can-

made from myrrh. Capsules, containing up to gram of resin taken three times per day, can also

not be 1

be used.

3 4

Are There Any Side

How Much

Should Take? I

usually taken at a dose of 1-2

Tincture of myrrh

is

ml three times per

day.

The

tincture can also be ap-

Effects or Interactions? No

adverse effects from myrrh usage have been

reported.

NETTLE (Mo timet) What

Conditions Might Nettle Be Supportive? In

THE

L AT

meaning

"I

I

N

root of Urtica

burn." This

is

propriate, given that the

on the

uro,

very ap-

little

•

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (page

•

Hay

•

Pregnancy support (page 107)

hairs

18)

fever (page 59)

leaves of this plant cause

small stings that burn is

is

made with

the skin.

when contact The

leaves are used medicinally.

root and

Historical or Traditional Use The tough fibers from the stem have been used to make cloth. Cooked nettle leaves were eaten as vegetables. From ancient Greece to the present, nettle has been documented Nettle has a long history of use.

for

its

use as a medicine for coughs and tuberculosis,

and to

to increase hair growth,

treat arthritis.

Active Constituents There has been a great deal of controversy regarding the identity of nettle's active constituents. thoritative study

saccharides

came

One

au-

to the conclusion that poly-

(complex sugars)

and

(large

lectins

protein-sugar combination molecules) are probably the active constituents.

The

leaf has

been shown

to be anti-inflammatory by preventing the

body

from making inflammatory chemicals known

Herbs

as

293

The root has complicated effects on hormones and proteins that carry sex hormones

per day of the root extract in capsules or tablets.

human

with saw palmetto (page 306) or pygeum (page 300)

prostaglandins. 1

(such as testosterone or estrogen) in the body. This

may

explain

hyperplasia (BPH).

why

it

helps benign prostatic

products for

BPH

will

combine

extracts.

people use two to three 300

Take?

I

mg

nettle leaf

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions?

capsules or tablets, or a 2-4 ml tincture three times

Allergic reactions to nettle are rare.

per day during allergy season to help prevent and

contact

treat

hay

fever.

nettle root

2

How Much Should Many

Many

For

BPH, many people

use 240

mg

is

made with

However, when

the skin, fresh nettles can cause

a rash.

DAIS U\mo satk) What

Conditions Might Oats Be Supportive? In

COMMON OAT

THE

used in

herbal supplements and foods rived

is

de-

•

Anxiety

•

•

Eczema (page 49) High cholesterol (page

•

Hypertriglyceridemia (high triglycerides)

from wild species that have

since been cultivated. For herbal

(page 69)

supplements, the green or rapidly dried aerial parts of the plant are

harvested just before reaching flower.

62)

•

Insomnia (page 79)

•

Nicotine withdrawal

full

Many herbal texts refer to

using the fruits (seeds) or green tops.

Although some herbal

texts discuss

oat straw, there

medicinal ac-

Historical or Traditional Use In folk medicine as well as in current herbal treat-

is little

tion in this part of the plant.

Oats

ments, oats are used to treat nervous exhaustion,

somnia, and "weakness of the nerves."

from oats was thought are

now grown worldwide.

A

tea

in-

made

to be useful in rheumatic

conditions and to treat water retention.

A

tincture

of the green tops of oats was also used to help with

withdrawal from tobacco addiction.

1

Oats were

often used in baths to treat insomnia and anxiety as well as a variety of skin conditions, including burns

and eczema.

294

Herbs

Active Constituents

oats brewed with 250 after cooling

The

fruits (seeds)

and avenine, sides

A

ganese,

contain alkaloids, such as gramine

as well as saponins, such as avenaco2

The seeds are also rich in and zinc. The straw is high in

and

B.

iron, silica.

manOat

alkaloids are believed to account for oats' relaxing effect. It

should be noted that

this action of oats

continues to be debated in Europe; the Commission

E Monographs do not endorse tive.

3

this

(1

cup) of boiling water;

straining, the tea can be

drunk

sev-

day or shortly before going to bed. As a

tincture, oats are often taken at

3-5 ml three times

per day. Encapsulated or tableted products can be

used

amount of 1-4 grams per day. A soothing ease irritated skin can be made by running

in the

bath to

the bath water through a sock containing several ta-

blespoons of oats.

herb as a seda-

However, an alcohol-based tincture of the

fresh plant has proved useful in cases of nicotine

withdrawal.

How

Much Should Take?

Are There Any Side Effects or Interactions?

I

Oats can be eaten as a morning breakfast tea

eral times a

and

ml

cereal.

A

can be made from a heaping tablespoonful of

PASSION FLOWER

Oats are not associated with any adverse

effects,

although individuals with gluten sensitivity

(celiac

disease) should use oats with caution.

»«:v "i

page 5), or the presence This remedy

or pimples or blackheads,

problem on the

back. Although

face, chest,

it is

mc

st c

Indicated

-

:e; c ::e"

and

:nmon

after

a:-.c

washing

to feel itch

acne

may be

shirts in the

lite.

In

red,

s :

:.::

:

condition

lich

may cause

6c cs

d

e

is

worse

the skin

r.ixen three times

recucmc

per

:/.

he condition imp r

women,

triggered by

monthly

become

k

s

vatei

for ten to fourteen

during adolescence, acne can occur at other times in

;n pimples

i

":cv.:ci.

a

is

we'/. :o S. /.:;::.

hormonal

cycle.

Good

hygiene and diet play an important

Hepar Sulfuris 6c This remecj

:.

[

en there are large, red,

painful eruptions similar to boils, or ples have

role in resolving this complaint.

called

-

Qu

it

e

c

become .

infected

rviduals

when

the pim-

and have a thick discharge.

who could

benefit

from the

Hepar sulfuris tend to be somewhat chilly a nd a preference for warm drinks. Hepar sulfuris 6c three to four times per day for up to

use of .

cart .

impr

Homeopathic Remedies

;

-

:he r'recuency

.is

:he

«

r.r:

r.s

e

331

REMEDIES FOR ALCOHOL

WITHDRAWAL SUPPORT Nux Vomica 6c WITHDRAWAL

from the use of

alcohol can be a complex matter.

A

This remedy

helping with the individuals

physician or other health care professional should be consulted

if al-

period of time. dies

may ease

The following reme-

who

known

well

common

for

effectiveness in

its

hangover.

are very irritable

noises. Bright lights

It

can also help

and

sensitive to

and strong odors are disturbing

to people needing this remedy; they are also likely to

be quite

cohol has been consumed for a long

is

chilly,

upset stomach.

exhausted, and suffering from an

Nux vomica

6c can be taken three

times per day for several days.

the difficulties of the

withdrawal process.

Carbo Vegetabilis 6c When

withdrawal symptoms include a

of gas and

remedy may bring

belching, with great fatigue, this relief.

lot

People needing this remedy will not want to be

covered up, despite feeling chilly and having cold sweats, preferring light clothing

Carbo

instead.

and cool breezes

vegetabilis 6c can be taken three

to four times per day for several days or until

symp-

toms change.

Coffea Cruda 6c This remedy may bring

relief to individuals

minds are running wild and ness

is

a

common

sensitive to

full

whose

of ideas. Sleepless-

problem. People will be quite

any stimulation and may experience

headaches that are relieved by cold applications. Coffea cruda 6c can be taken three to four times per

day for up to ten days.

332

Homeopathic Remedies

REMEDIES FOR ANXIETY Gelsemium 30c EVERYONE SUFFERS

from

This remedy iety,

anxiety at times. Anxiety

is

a sensa-

tion of discomfort or apprehension,

the cause of which

is

not always

is

known

for

its

use in anticipatory anx-

example, fears that precede a

for

visit to

the

dentist, a big audition, or delivering a speech. Indi-

viduals with this anxiety

may

experience a sensation

of being paralyzed by fear, with trembling and

weakness. Gelsemium 30c can be taken as needed,

known. Homeopathy can be used

but no more than three to four doses per day.

for cases of general anxiety.

Argentum Nitricum 6c Like Gelsemium, this remedy can help with a panicky sensation that develops before a big event. Indi-

viduals

may have

diarrhea, along with stage fright,

craving for sweets, and a perception of slow passage

Argentum nitricum 6c can be taken as needed, but no more than three to four doses per day.

of time.

Ignatia This remedy grief.

Amara 6c is

best

known

for helping in times of

People needing Ignatia will sigh often and ex-

hibit changeable

temperaments.

It

can help with

melancholy that follows disappointment. Ignatia

amara 6c can be taken up

Homeopathic Remedies

to four times per day.

333

REMEDIES FOR BACKACHE Arnica 6c

MANY

DIFFERENT

factors

When back pain results from nica

can contribute to back pain.

opathy provides safe and pain

relief for

aches.

many

Home-

effective

types of back-

Whether back pain develops

from overwork,

injury, or

during

is

the

first

an injury or a blow, Ar-

remedy of choice. The affected area

often feels bruised and can appear swollen. Arnica

should also be considered whenever overexertion the underlying cause of the problem. This

has a strong reputation for

its

remedy

usefulness after

extreme sports

cult pregnancies,

activities,

is

diffi-

or unex-

pected physical workouts. Arnica 6c can be taken four times per day for a two-day period.

menstruation, the following homeopathic remedies can be considered.

Arnica Ointments and Gels Arnica its

is

a

remedy with

a

well-known reputation

for

usefulness in injuries and pain to soft tissue and

muscles. Applied topically in either the gel or oint-

ment form (and Arnica

in

conjunction with internal use of

6c), topical

Arnica can be useful for

reliev-

ing pain.

Rhus Toxicodendron 6c This remedy can be useful for lower back pain, particularly

when

the pain worsens

ment but improves tion.

after gentle

upon

relieved by

is

move-

and continued mo-

The aching may be brought on by

weather and

first

warm

cold,

damp

applications or

showers. Even in pain, people needing this remedy

may be unable to sit still, pacing restlessly about. Rhus toxicodendron 6c can be taken four times per day for a two-day period.

Actaea Racacemosa 6c If

severe aching

and

stiffness develops in the

during menstruation, extending hips, buttocks, offer relief. sore,

and

down through

thighs, Actaea

and cramped. People needing irritable.

the

racacemosa may

Muscles throughout the back

appear agitated and

back

this

feel heavy,

remedy often

Actaea racacemosa 6c

can be taken every hour for three hours.

334

Homeopathic Remedies

REMEDIES FOR BELL'S PALSY Aconite Napellus 30c BELL'S PALSY

is

may

This remedy

a condi-

offer relief

when

the person's face

has "frozen" after being exposed to a cold wind

tion in which

one side of the face

becomes paralyzed. The muscles and nerves are

rigid

and swollen.

example, riding a bicycle with the

it is

uncomfortable and

disconcerting to the person with it

often resolves

homeopathic remedies are known Other remedies may

be useful; a homeopathic physician

day for three days;

its

use should be discontinued

diminish.

Causticum 30c This remedy

may be more

that develops

on the

helpful for Bell's palsy

right side of the face.

and closing the mouth may be with

weak,

Opening

difficult for individu-

may be better when warm. The prob-

this condition. In addition, they

restless,

and

feel

lem may have started tional stress.

slowly, possibly

due to emo-

Causticum 30c can be taken three times

per day for three days;

when symptoms

Homeopathic Remedies

about the condition.

fearful

Aconite napellus 30c can be taken three times per

als

should be consulted.

in frigid weather).

itself

without treatment. However, two

to bring relief.

down

rolled

and quite

when symptoms this condition,

winter or driving a car

People with this condition will likely be anxious, restless,

Although

window

in

(for

its

use should be discontinued

diminish.

335

REMEDIES FOR BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA Lycopodium 6c BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA (BPH) (page

In cases

where an enlarged prostate

impotence, this remedy

may be

is

coupled with

effective.

Urine

is

often slow in coming, and pain in the back ceases

18)

is

caused when the prostate

gland enlarges or swells, putting

with urination. Flatulence are preferred,

between 4

pressure on the urethra and causing

is

common. Warm

and individuals generally

P.M.

and

8 P.M.

feel

drinks

worse

Lycopodium 6c can be

taken two times per day for three weeks.

problems with urination. In

men

over

fifty

years old,

com-

plaints concerning the prostate

gland are

common. Men should

Apis Mellifica 6c When

an enlarged prostate causes frequent and

sometimes involuntary urination, be helpful. There

is

a stinging

this

medicine may

and burning sensation

have regular examinations to ensure

with urination, often with the

that their prostate problems are not

the greatest pain. Individuals needing this

last

drops causing

often feel worse from heat and in hot

indicative of a

more

serious condi-

tion, such as prostate cancer.

remedy

rooms and

generally feel better in cool air or with a cool bath.

Apis mellifica 6c for

is

often taken three times per day

two weeks.

Sabal Serrulata 6c When

nightly visits to the

ous and there

bathroom become numer-

difficulty in passing urine, this

rem-

edy can be helpful. The sexual organ often

feels

is

cold. Sabal serrulata

6c can be taken two times per

day for three weeks.

336

Homeopathic Remedies

REMEDIES FOR BOILS Tarentula Cubensis 30c BOILS

are

most often the

result of

This ominous-sounding medicine can bring

when a bacterial infection of a hair cle.

Boils range in severity

minor inconvenience

from a

to extreme

a burning, stinging painfulness.

ing the boil this

to

pain.

Homeopathic medicines can

be quite useful

in

and

a boil appears suddenly

folli-

reducing the

is

this

down

accompanied by

The

area surround-

often purple or blue. People needing

remedy are

sit

is

relief

likely to

for even a

be very restless and unable

few minutes.

Do

not confuse

remedy with Tarentula hispanica. Tarentula

cubensis 30c can be taken four times per day over a

two-day period.

painfulness of boils and, in cases, halting their

growth

some alto-

Hepar Sulf uris 6c

gether. If infection should spread, In cases

seek professional care.

where the boil

slight touch, this

extremely sensitive to even

is

remedy may be

helpful.

The

boil

also has a sharp or prickly pain. Persons benefiting

from

this

remedy

cold drafts.

Hepar

will likely be irritable

sulfuris 6c

and

dislike

can be taken four times

per day over a two-day period.

Echinacea Angustifolia 30c This well-known herb can be used

in its

homeo-

pathic form to help with boils. People needing this

remedy

will likely be lethargic, chilly,

general sickliness

and

achy.

A

present. Echinacea angustifolia

is

30c can be taken four times per day over a two-day period.

Belladonna 6c Belladonna can be used

in the very early stages of in-

flammation, before pus formation. The area will be hot, throbbing,

stabbing pains.

and tender to the touch, with violent

The

movement and cold

boil

may be made worse by

applications. Belladonna 6c can

be taken once an hour for six doses, then three times per day for up to two weeks.

Homeopathic Remedies

337

Silicea

6c

Ten used in conjunction with

remedies mentioned above.

can be used when boils are a recurring prob-

Silicea

lem and when pus formation has begun. rn the ripening of a boil

of

its

contents. Si'...

:

and aid

Silicea will

in the disco

g

can be taken every hour,

for six doses, then three times per

bod has broker

the

If

dx

open, then the mother tincture should he dilutee 1:10 (one part tincture to ten parts water) olied to the i

>e

MT can also K

open wound. Calendula

on broken

day for up to

The tinctnn

25 dilution.

boils at a

and ap

applied three rimes daily.

two weeks.

Hypericum The

liquid

form of

this

MT remedy

will serve well

-

applied undiluted to the unbroken boil to help

re-

REMEDIES FOR BROKEN E

SUPPORT In addition

A BROKEN BONE

t

homeo

".

always be treated by a licensed

broker.

physician. Proper setting of a bone

Two

Calcarea phosphorica 6c: is

essential.

--

should

However, homeopathic

bines per day

then once daily for two weeks :

remedies have a sound reputation

Two

rimes per day for three

en once daily for two weeks for bringing relief

from pain associ-

ated with broken bones as well for accelerating the healing proc,

-

s

Arnica 30c This remedy broken.

It

is

often use

can help re _

ged

It

may

...

_

also help rod

...

_

.

_

_

.

r r

Arr.r'.r. v..h.'.c ar-.v-.-i:

then

338

.

:

r

~.x

:~c

-.-inued thr.

Homeopathic Remedies

~

Ruta Graveolens 6c

This remedy vide

Ruca graveolens can be of good use when the pain

around the area of the fracture or break

is

often given

is

Arnica does not pro-

if

Ruta graveolens 6c can be taken three

relief.

times per day.

extreme.

REMEDIES FOR BURNS Cantharis 6c FOR THE

pain and blistering of

Given shortly after a scalding or a superficial burn, Cantharis

burns that do not

call for profes-

sional medical care,

may

bring prompt

relief.

Homeopathic

physicians note this remedy's reputation for prevent-

homeopathic

ing the formation of blisters. This remedy

remedies can be useful. "The sooner

for

when cold

is

called

applications provide relief from pain.

Cantharis 6c can be taken three to four times

the better"

is

the motto

when

treat-

ing burns. Having these remedies

hand can

on

per day; use should be discontinued diminish.

save a lot of discomfort

and expense.

when symptoms

MT

Calendula

This homeopathic liquid mother tincture can be useful in

promoting the healing of

Calendula

MT

a burn.

are diluted into

1

Ten drops of

ounce of water,

then applied to the burn three times per day.

Urtica Urens 6c When

the burn

is

mild and only redness and stinging

are prominent, this

remedy may

offer quick relief.

Urtica urens can be given to individuals spent too

much time

in the

who

have

sun and whose skin has

developed hot, prickly, or stinging sensations. Urtica urens 6c can be taken three to four times per day for

one to two days;

its

use should be discontinued

when

symptoms improve.

Causticum 6c This remedy

is

noted for

its

special usefulness in re-

lieving the pain of a scalded tongue.

It

can also be

used when an old burn has not healed completely.

The burned

area, including the tongue, throat, or

skin, will have a very

raw soreness. Causticum 6c can

be taken three to four times per day for one day.

Homeopathic Remedies

339

REMEDIES FDR BURSITIS Rhus Toxicodendron 6c BURSITIS ful (a

(page 20)

is

a pain-

Rhus toxicodendron, known remedy,

may be

stiffness

and pain when

condition in which the bursa

small, fluid-filled sac cushioning

pressure points of the body be-

helpful for those

who

getting

first

"rusty gate"

as the

experience

up and moving

about, which gradually improves after continued

motion. The pain worsens with cold,

and

is

damp weather

warmth. Rhus toxicodendron 6c

relieved by

comes inflamed. Homeopathic

can be taken three to four times per day for three to

medicines can work effectively

four days, as needed.

with

many

kinds of inflamma-

tion, thereby reducing or elimi-

nating pain.

Ruta Graveolens 6c This remedy

is

known

for

its

use to relieve

of carpal tunnel syndrome

noted are

may and

feel

stiffness

pain

page 23

.

symptoms Symptoms

and aching. In addition, people

when stretching as well as weakness Rhus toxicodendron, pam is worse

fatigue. Like

with cold and

damp and

better with

warmth. Ruta

graveolens 6c can be taken three to four times per

day for three to four days, as needed.

Belladonna 6c If

there

pain

is

a sensation of strong heat

in the joint,

and

if

even a slight

and throbbing jolt to

causes real discomfort, then this remedy

prompt

relief.

The

joint

may be

painful to even light touch.

from the affected

area.

may bring

swollen, red. and

Heat can be

felt

radiating

Belladonna 6c can be taken

three to four times per day for

340

the area

one to two di

-

Homeopathic Remedies

REMEDIES FOR CANKER SORES Natrum Muriaticum 6c CANKER SORES or

mouth

(page 21),

People

who may

ated sores inside the mouth.

They

are usually caused by bacteria but

will be dry, often

lower

lip.

ing for

result

from

a

combination of

factors, including vitamin deficiencies

and

stress.

Some commonly

used homeopathic solutions are

this

with a crack

remedy may also lips.

The mouth

in the center of the

Dryness and tingling of the tongue, crav-

salt,

be present.

may

from

from herpes on the

suffer at times

ulcers, are painful, ulcer-

benefit

and an aversion to sun and heat may also

Natrum muriaticum

6c can be taken

symp-

three to four times per day, then less often as

toms improve.

Mercurius Sol 6c Mercurius

sol

offered here.

may be

helpful

ably foul and salivation

if

the breath

is

notice-

The

greater than usual.

is

canker sores have a burning pain that worsens at night. In addition, thirst increases and, tion, the sol 6c

tongue

is

upon

inspec-

indented on the sides. Mercurius

can be taken three to four times per day, then

less often as

symptoms improve.

Arsenicum Album 6c Arsenicum album may be useful following haustion, or anxiety. Persons this

remedy

who may

stress, ex-

benefit

from

typically have unhealthy, easily bleeding

gums and burning, stinging ulcers with dry mouth. They are relieved by very hot drinks. Arsenicum album 6c can be taken three to four times per then discontinued when symptoms improve.

day,

Borax 6c Borax may help

in cases in

which the mouth

is

sensi-

tive to acids (such as the acid in citrus fruits), the

canker sores are on the inside of the cheeks and tongue, and the these

symptoms

mouth

feels

dry yet

still

has saliva.

If

are present in a child, the youngster

may be sensitive to all noises and react very strongly to downward motion. Borax 6c can be taken three to four times per day;

its

use should be discontinued

when symptoms improve.

Homeopathic Remedies

341

Rhus Toxicodendron 6c This remedy

mouth

area

may

is

mouth (these are often with cold sores). Rhus toxicodendron the corner of the

be helpful for people whose whole

sore, inside

and out, including the

and gums. Also, ulceration and

taken three to four times per day, then

lips

associated

6c can be

less often as

symptoms improve.

blistering occur at

REMEDIES FOR CARPAL E

Ruta Graveolens 6c CARPAL TUNNEL SYN-

DROME

(page 23)

is

Ruta graveolens may benefit individuals experienc-

a condition

of the forearm and wrist that results

from overuse or

stress to the

mus-

ing weakness in the wrists, particularly

example, from working

computer keyboard. Wear and

at a

tear

on the nerves that move through the

ac-

it is

companied by stiffness. Overuse of the arm and hand is often the culprit that brings on these symptoms, such as repetitive hammering for carpentry

work or cles, for

if

wrist to be

extensive use of a keyboard.

may

feel sore

worse

The arm or

and bruised and the pain

after using the limb.

is

likely

Ruta graveolens

6c can be taken three to four times per day, repeating as needed.

wrist can limit function of the fore-

arm and hand. Symptoms may

in-

Rhus Toxicodendron 6c

clude weakness of the hand, wrist,

Rhus toxicodendron

and arm and sensations of numb-

remedy.

with ness, tingling, or areas.

burning

in these

A well-chosen homeopathic

remedy can be useful

in relieving the

discomforts and limitations of this condition.

sides

may improve

initial

as the "rusty gate"

cases in which pain occurs

motion of the hand or

wrist, then sub-

with continued motion. The discomfort

is

made worse by cold, damp weather, or an impending storm. The wrist joint may crack when the hand is moved in a circle. Rhus toxicodendron 6c can be taken three to four likely to

be relieved by heat and

times per day for five to seven days, with reduced

quency

342

It

known

is

as the discomfort

is

fre-

relieved.

Homeopathic Remedies

REMEDIES FOR

CHEMOTHERAPY SUPPORT Gelsemium 6c THE REMEDIES intended only for the

listed here are relief

of

some

This remedy

is

known

for

usefulness in calming

its

anticipatory anxiety, such as stage fright.

may

It

prove helpful to people experiencing fear and anxi-

of the unpleasant side effects of

ety prior to cancer treatment.

chemotherapy treatment. These

trembling

may be

this remedy.

remedies are not to be considered as

Nervousness and weak

present, indicating the need for

Gelsemium 6c can be taken two

to three

times prior to chemotherapy treatment.

a substitute for or an adjunct to cancer treatments. safe

and do not

They

are,

however,

interfere with the

chemotherapy treatment

itself.

See

Ipecac 30c Persistent nausea

and vomiting are symptoms

indi-

cating the possible usefulness of this remedy. Individuals will likely have a clean tongue with a lot of

also the section

on chemotherapy

support (page 25).

saliva.

They do not

feel better

after vomiting. Ipecac 30c

when

lying

down

or

can be taken three to four

times every fifteen to thirty minutes and discontin-

ued when the nausea subsides.

Nux Vomica 6c may be

This remedy

helpful for individuals with a

hangover feeling accompanied by nausea and vomiting.

They

will likely be very sensitive to all loud

noises, odors, irritability

and

lights.

may be

Symptoms of

present.

chilliness

Nux vomica

and

6c can be

taken three to four times per day for one to two days

and discontinued when symptoms diminish.

Cadmium Cadmium

Sulf uricum 30c

sulfuricum

is

a little-known

remedy

for

the vomiting and debilitating exhaustion that some-

times follows chemotherapy treatment. Individuals

remedy

needing

this

nausea.

Cadmium

will

be very chilly with intense

sulfuricum 30c can be taken three

times per day for one to two days and discontinued

when nausea and vomiting

Homeopathic Remedies

subside.

343

REMEDIES FOR CHICKEN POX Rhus Toxicodendron 6c CHICKEN POX

is

caused by a

This remedy

may be

especially useful

when tremen-

dous itching and restlessness are present. In addi-

highly contagious airborne virus.

The

disease appears ten to twenty-

one days

after exposure,

and symp-

tion, there

Symptoms

may be

stiffness

and muscular aching.

that improve with

this remedy.

warmth

also warrant

Rhus toxicodendron 6c can be taken

four times per day for three to four days or until an-

toms include

fever, lethargy,

itching lesions.

and

Homeopathy

other remedy

Note:

offers

is

indicated.

Many homeopaths recommend

several

doses of Rhus toxicodendron at 30c or higher poseveral

good options

misery of

this

to reduce the

childhood disease.

tency for people recently exposed to chicken pox, in

order to provide a measure of resistence. Rhus toxi-

codendron 30c can be taken three times per day once a

week

for three

weeks by adults and children.

Belladonna 30c Belladonna may be useful at the onset of fever-burning hot skin with a pulsating headache.

The

hot and red, the pupils dilated, but the

mouth may be

pale. Individuals

will have blisters that feel hot

and painful.

is

and

lips

who may

donna 30c can be taken four times per day to four days or until the symptoms subside.

face

benefit Bella-

for three

Sulfur 6c Sulfur

may be of

itching

help with people experiencing great

and intense burning, often

in patches. Indi-

viduals feel hot and cold, and they are drowsy in the

afternoon but hot and bothered at night. In addition, they are aggravated

by heat and contact with

water. Sulfur 6c can be taken four times daily until

symptoms improve.

Bryonia 30c When

a

dry and persistent cough has developed and

the temperature remains high, this

remedy may

Other indicative symptoms are increased irritability

344

help.

thirst

and

and when the expected course of the

Homeopathic Remedies

chicken pox has slowed. Bryonia 30c can be taken three to four times per day

and discontinued when

bothersome than the itching that

water and

Antimonium

fruit.

is

is less

treated with

may be coated may desire cold

the tongue

and white, and individuals

thick

Antimonium tartaricum 6c can be

taken three to four times per day and discontinued

Tartaricum 6c may

itching in this case

Rhus toxicodendron, but

symptoms improve or change.

This remedy

The

the scabs are large.

when improvement

is

noted.

help a rattling cough accompanied

bv fussing and whining.

It

should also be used when

REMEDIES FOR COLIC Cuprum Metallicum 6c COLIC

causes very painful spas-

modic cramps. Homeopathy can bring relief to childhood colic as well as menstrual cramping.

How-

If

abdominal pains are extreme (some describe

the

abdomen is tense, and pain can be made either better or much worse by drinking cold water, then this remedy may be useful. as sharp

physician should be seen

pain and discomfort persist.

if

and stabbing) or

if

the

This remedy can also be used for cramps in the calves

ever, a

it

letes

and the

soles of the feet, particularly in ath-

Cuprum metallicum

or the elderly.

6c can be

taken three to four times as needed and discontinued

when improvement

is

noted.

Chamomilla 6c This remedy

is

noted for

its

usefulness in treating ex-

tremely painful ^sometimes described by people as

unbearable) colicky conditions and those that occur

Children needing this

in sensitive or irritable people.

remedy

will

want

heat. Colic pain

to be carried

may

and

will feel

worse

in

center around the navel and be

accompanied by diarrhea. Chamomilla as "teething granules."

is

often sold

Chamomilla 6c can be taken

three times per day for three to four days.

Colocynthis 30c This remedy, made from bitter cucumber, cated

when

Homeopathic Remedies

who

indi-

severe pain leads to doubling over. Press-

ing hard into the

those

is

abdomen

will benefit

from

brings

some

relief

to

this remedv. Individuals

345

may become

The pain

cutting and harshly contracting (some people de-

The pain worsens with movement but improves when the sufferer bends over. Pain may extend to

"clamped with iron bands"). Diarrhea

bowels, creating a bloated feeling. Belladonna 6c can

may be present as well. Colocynthis 30c can be taken three times per day and discontinued when the pain

be taken in the amount of one dose every hour, up to

diminishes.

ment

Nux Vomica 6c

Bryonia 6c

This remedy

This remedy

very irritable and angry.

scribe feeling

is

indicated for colicky pains following

overeating and overindulgences of

is

not distended. Take

up

teen minutes for

when symptoms

Nux

Symphard abdomen kinds.

all

toms include pinching pain and a that

is

vomica 6c every

fif-

one hour and discontinue

to

diminish.

who may

benefit

from

is

noted.

may

help people

who

accompanied by

stitching pain

The

should be reduced when improve-

an extreme

feel

a bloated feeling.

individuals are also very irritable. For these

people, the slightest

breathing

is

doubling

over.

difficult.

—

movement causes pain even Relief comes from warmth and

Bryonia 6c can be taken in the

amount of one dose every hour, up to six doses; its use should be reduced when improvement is noted.

Belladonna 6c People

six doses; its use

this

remedy

feel a

den onset of gripping pain and have hot, dry

sudskin.

REMEDIES FOR THE COMMON COLD Aconite 30c THE

COMMON COLD

(page

28), a highly contagious viral in-

This remedy can be taken at the

The symptoms

resistance

work,

is

stress,

when immune

compromised by and

anxiety.

over-

The most

common symptoms are sneezing, watering of the eyes and nose, lethargy, aching, sore throat,

coughing.

number of

Homeopathy

fever,

example, after

sitting in front of

on

tioner or riding a bicycle

nose

very suddenly and vio-

is

dry,

an

air condi-

a cool evening).

but individuals sneeze

The

and have

a

scratchy sensation at the back of the throat. Aconite

30c can be taken in the amount of one dose every

two hours, three times

offers a

Kali

only.

Bichromicum 6c

For later stages of a cold,

this

remedy may be useful

when mucus discharge becomes difficult to clear

Mucus may

thick, stringy,

from the head, nose, and

be yellowish-green, and there

at the base of the nose as well as a hoarse

346

wind

and

useful options in alleviat-

ing these symptoms.

(for

come on

sign of a cold.

often following exposure to cold, dry

lently,

fection, often strikes

will

first

and

throat. is

pain

cough

Homeopathic Remedies

with tenacious expectoration. Kali bichromicum 6c

Natrum Muriaticum 6c

can be taken three to four times per day for two to

may be

This remedy

helpful

three days.

if

sneezing

who may

the morning. People

is

worse

in

benefit often have

cold sores and a headache and generally feel unwell.

Rhus Toxicodendron 6c

They

see a watery discharge

rience a loss of taste If

the cold

comes on

as the season changes to cold

and damp, people can look

to this remedy. Early

symptoms will be deep stiffness and body aches. There may also be restlessness, while continued motion somewhat relieves pain and anxiety. Symptoms should improve

in a

warm

hot shower. Other possible

smell.

Euphrasia 6c who may

symptoms

streaming eyes and nose with

and

are fever

a dry

every two

hours, up to six doses.

People

that indicate

Natrum muriaticum

amount of one dose

6c can be taken in the

environment, such as a

remedy

the usefulness of this

and

from the nose and expe-

eyes are red

benefit

from

remedy have

this

much sneezing. Their from burning tears. The symptoms are

cough. Rhus toxicodendron 6c can be taken three

usually worse at night. Euphrasia 6c can be taken

times per day for one to two days.

four times daily, until

symptoms improve.

REMEDIES FOR CONJUNCTIVITIS Argentum Nitricum 6c CONJUNCTIVITIS

can have a

If

discharge from the eye

and yellowish

varkty of causes: a bacteria, a virus, a foreign

body

gic reaction.

in the eye, or

an

aller-

Although homeopathy

in color,

is

profuse, nonirritating,

with the inner corner of the

eye appearing very red and swollen, then this remedy is

indicated. In addition, eyes

and pain

is

may be

tired

and

relieved by cool water or a cold

achy,

com-

press. Individuals generally feel better in cool air,

can address tively, if

condition effec-

this

crave sweets,

a doctor should be consulted

a foreign

body

is

and may experience belching and

Argentum nitricum 6c can be taken times per day for one to two days.

gas.

three to four

lodged in the eye.

A simple, acute episode of conjunctivitis

can be treated with several

homeopathic remedies; however,

Mercurius Sol 6c it is

People needing this remedy will be tired, with an er-

important to obtain medically qualiratic

fied treatment

seen in the

if

first

no improvement

twelve hours.

is

and

body temperature

chilly.

that alternates between hot

The discharge from

the eye will be green-

ish-yellow, causing abrasion to the lids

and margins

of the eye. In addition, individuals will be thirsty

and have excessive sol 6c

saliva

and

foul breath.

Mercurius

can be taken three to four times per day for

one to two days.

Homeopathic Remedies

347

Hepar

Sulfuris 6c

lights.

This remedy

is

called for

when

swelling are pronounced in the eye.

The discharge from

the eyes

is

profuse and yel-

the redness and

lowish, being sticky and dried in the

The

awakening. Improvement

eyes feel as

if

they have sand and grit in them, and they are very sensitive to cold air

any loud noises, strong smells, and bright

sensitive to

and breezes. Also, individuals are

of a

warm

is

morning upon

noticed after application

compress. Hepar sulfuris 6c can be taken

three to four times per day for one to

two

days.

REMEDIES FOR CONSTIPATION Nux Vomica 6c CONSTIPATION is

a

problem

for

(page 32)

many people

This remedy

today's busy world. There are nearly

many

well

known

in

homeopathic

circles

for helping in cases of constipation that develop in

in

individuals

as

is

causes of constipation as

who work

too hard, exercise too

little,

and drink and eat too much. People benefiting from

remedy often have the urge to defecate but

this

are unsuccessful, passing only a small quantity, al-

there are people suffering

Although homeopathy

from

it.

offers several

though

pation.

may

for

who

relief.

Nux

vomica

are dependent

Nux vomica

is

on laxa-

and have headaches that accompany the

tives

dietary and lifestyle changes

does provide some

also helpful for people

gentle alternatives to harsh laxatives,

this

consti-

6c can be taken three times daily

up to ten days.

also be needed.

Sepia 30c This remedy

is

useful for

women who

develop con-

stipation just before or just after menstruation.

women

also

known

cult

bowel movements. This remedy

there

is

a

for helping pregnant

heavy sensation

in the

is

with

It is

diffi-

indicated

if

rectum that remains

even after a bowel movement, stools are hard and difficult to pass

(although they

may be

cise brings relief to the condition,

and

feet are present. Sepia

amount once

a

small), exer-

and cold hands

30c can be taken in the

of three doses in a twenty-four-hour period,

month.

Sulfur 6c Afflicted people

may

alternate between constipation

and diarrhea. They have

348

dry,

hard stools at intervals

Homeopathic Remedies

of a few days or

burning pain; no the stool. Sulfur

more and an inflamed rectum with relief is

may be

experienced from passing

useful in pregnancy. Sulfur 6c

can be taken three times daily for up to ten days; use should be reduced

when improvement

is

its

noted.

REMEDIES FOR DENTAL SUPPORT Arnica 30c

HOMEOPATHIC

remedies for

dental support can be useful in a

number of ways visit to

may

and damage

to soft tissue has occurred. Dentists

who

before and after a

the dentist. Remedies

This remedy

may

help in situations where bruising

use homeopathic remedies often use Arnica,

recommending

before and after surgeries and fol-

it

lowing curettage

(a surgical

a medical instrument

cutting or scraping with

known

as a curette).

When

prove helpful in alleviating painful

soreness and aching follow dental procedures, Ar-

dental conditions while a person

nica

is

may

be useful. Arnica 30c can be taken once be-

fore the procedure

waiting to see a dentist.

and three times per day

for

two

days following the procedure, and discontinued

when

the pain diminishes.

Gelsemium 6c Gelsemium, made from the yellow jasmine, may be useful in reducing the apprehension

and anxiety that

often precedes a visit to the dentist. Individuals

appear dull and lethargic but

fearful.

may semium 6c can be taken one

the back of the head

hours prior to the

liquid

headache

at

also be present. Gelto

two times

in the

visit.

Calendula Made from

A

may

MT

the marigold flower, this homeopathic

mother tincture may help

in accelerating the

healing process following tooth extractions. also help reduce tooth pain.

The mother

It

can

tincture

should be diluted by mixing 25 drops into 4 ounces of water, which can then be used as a mouthwash.

Do Homeopathic Remedies

not swallow the tincture

—

rinse then spit

it

out.

349

Mercurius Sol 6c

night.

People

who may

benefit

There

e salivation.

from is

this

Symptoms

are often loose.

remedy have

ex-

shooting pain radiating

Mercurius

minutes for

sei

sol 6c

are generally worse at

can be taken even"

c:r pain, for

up

to ten doses,

thirty-

and

less

frequently for chronic pain.

out to the ears and spongy receding, tender gums that bleed easilv

Bad breath

is

common, and

teeth

REMEDIES FOR DIARRHEA Arsenicum Album 6c DIARRHEA have

many

page 44 can

This remedy might work for cases of simultaneous diarrhea and vomiting, which can develop after a

causes, including conta-

minated food, teething

in infant:-,

anxiety, dramatic changes in

contaminated meal. Great anxiety;

remedies can treat a whole host of

in cases

cated diarrhea.

who

from

benefit

this

homeopathic preparation. Individuals have wa-

tery

and offensive diarrhea, often with burning pain,

as well as being continually thirsty for sips of

Arsenicum album 6c can be taken every :or

counted on

seen in those

and

cli-

mate, and traveling. Homeopathic

gastrointestinal upsets

may be

exhaustion

restlessness,

and can be

up

v.

min-

thirty

to six doses, then three times daily until

improvements are noted.

of uncompli-

Argentum Nitricum 6c may

Diarrhea be of help

if

be anxiety related. This remedy

may

the diarrhea immediately follows eating

passing straight through.

or drinking, as

if

worse

and with much

at night

flatulence.

It is

often

Argentum

nitricum 6c can be taken every hour for up to six doses; is

its

use should be reduced

when improvement

noted.

Podophyllum 30c This remedy addresses profuse, gushing, and watery -hea.

which

is

not usually accompanied by pain.

jomplete evacuation

In th

soon followed

is

by an urgent sense of having to use the bathroom again.

The abdomen rumbles and

nation. Diarrhea

some improvement

is

worse

in the

gurgles before

morning, with

as the day goes on.

Podophyllum

30c can be taken three to four times per day for one to

350

two c

Homeopathic Remedies

Pulsatilla

may be

Sulfur 6c

6c

Pulsatilla

of help

if

the diarrhea occurs after

eating rich and fatty foods. In this case, the diarrhea is

worse

at night

and

after drinking cold liquids or

weepy and

eating onions. Individuals will tend to be

crave sympathy. Pulsatilla 6c can be taken every

hours for up to six doses.

two

may

Sulfur

diarrhea

is

help in cases of painless diarrhea.

urgent

— usually

in the early

driving the person out of bed.

It

morning,

may be accompa-

nied by hemorrhoids. This type of diarrhea cal of pregnancy. Sulfur 6c

for

up

The

typi-

is

can be taken every hour

to six doses, then three times daily until

symptoms improve.

REMEDIES FOR EAR INFECTIONS Aconite 30c EAR INFECTIONS are

most

common

(page 47)

Aconite may be helpful pears

in

young

somewhat suddenly

children, sure to

with the pain, hot with

for cold drinks.

there

is

inflamma-

tion in the inner ear, often the result

ness

may be

Even with

fever,

a fever, a

and

thirsty

sense of

chilli-

and a pale face could indicate the usefulness of

this remedy. at their

of blocked sinus passages during or

following a cold. There

who showed no

in a child

symptoms of illness, especially after expocold, windy weather. The child may be fear-

ful, restless

casional problem at any age. Ear

when

where ear pain ap-

previous

although the infections can be an oc-

pain occurs

in cases

wakes

Symptoms

calling for Aconite are often

worst around midnight

in the night

(for

example, a child

with ear pain after going to bed

feeling fine). Aconite 30c can be taken every thirty

a

minutes, three to four times as needed, discontinuing

buildup of fluid

in the ear,

which as

dampens hearing, pressure, or

from the

is

ear.

creates a sense of

seen in a discharge

Localized ear pain

be accompanied by a

fever.

may

Not all

ear infections are painful, and a child

symptoms improve.

who shows no

sign of pain

Belladonna 30c Ear infections that may respond to Belladonna are also likely to appear rather swiftly

common intense

may

in the right ear.

The

ear pain

and throbbing, and the cry of

with this type of pain than fearful or whiny.

is

and are more

likely to

a

is

often quite

baby or child

sound angry rather

A hot fever with a hot,

red face

indicate a problem by tipping the

suggests the use of Belladonna. Belladonna 30c can

head consistently to one side or

be taken every thirty minutes, up to four times, discontinuing when symptoms improve.

tugging on an earlobe.

Pulsatilla Pulsatilla

is

the

6c

most

likely

remedy

are unusually clingy, weepy, or

Homeopathic Remedies

for children

who

whiny during an ear

351

infection.

They

are typically comforted by rocking

or walking, and the ear pain ing a cold,

is

damp washcloth

the later stages of a cold or nasal infection with a

often relieved by plac-

greenish discharge from the nose. Pulsatilla 6c can

over the affected ear.

be taken three to four times

These kinds of ear infections often appear during

when improvement

is

daily,

discontinuing

noted.

REMEDIES FOR EYE INJURIES/

EYESTRAIN Aconite 6c EYE STRAIN injuries

When

and minor eye

is

Aconite

eye,

can sometimes be helped

there

irritation

may

and heightened

from foreign matter

in the

bring relief from pain, watering,

sensitivity to light.

Aconite 6c can be

by using homeopathic remedies.

taken three to four times per day and discontinued

Eye strain resulting from too many

when

hours of looking at a computer screen, reading, or detailed

Ruta Graveolens 6c

work

can produce tired eyes that ache and burn, water, have an increased sensitivity to light,

or experience blurry

Minor

eye irritations, from

vision.

smoke, smog, or pollens, and

the discomfort stops.

slight

Ruta

is

most

likely to

be helpful

in cases

of eye strain

where the eyes burn and water

after long periods of

visual effort, such as reading,

computer work, or

embroidery.

The

swollen and

itchy,

may become somewhat and the eyes may be more sensitive eyelids

to light than usual.

two

Ruta graveolens 6c can be taken

to three times, a few hours apart, continuing

only as long as symptoms persist. injuries,

from

may

such as a scratched cornea

a contact lens, dirt, or dust,

Arnica 6c

also be relieved by homeopathy. If

As always,

if

there

is

any doubt

about the severity of a condition volving the eyes,

with a doctor.

it is

the eyes feel sore and bruised, especially after time

spent looking off into the distance, then both rest in-

best to check

and Arnica may

offer

some

relief.

The muscles

of the

eyes

may ache and

two

to three times, a few hours apart, discontinuing

as

feel tired.

Arnica 6c can be taken

symptoms improve.

Apis Mellifica 6c This remedy

may be

helpful in cases of rapid onset

of very watery, burning, and stinging eyes. Symp-

352

Homeopathic Remedies

toms are puffy mellifica light (for

eyelids

and

sensitivity to light.

Apis

symptoms caused by bright example, snow blindness). Apis mellifica

is

useful for

6c can be taken in the

amount

of one dose every

hour, up to six doses, then three times daily;

should be reduced when improvement

its

use

noted.

is

REMEDIES FOR GOUT Nux Vomica 6c GOUT

is

resulting

from the buildup of

This remedy may be indicated in individuals

a painful condition

from an acid stomach and constipation.

also suffer

acid crystals in a joint. This

uric

is

often

caused by genetics, certain drugs,

who

They might be prone

to indulgence in rich foods

alcoholic beverages and

may be

and odors.

sensitive to noise

and

irritable

and over-

Nux vomica

6c can be

taken three to four times per day for one to two days,

or a diet of rich foods.

The homeo-

pathic remedies listed below

provide a measure of the

most painful

even

A doctor

should be consulted to prevent

the pain subsides.

Belladonna 6c When symptoms

of burning and painful throbbing

in a joint are present, this

bring

further episodes.

when

may

relief for

attacks.

discontinuing

and

homeopathic remedy may

The joint will often appear red, The pain will be sharp, and any

relief.

shiny.

against the inflamed joint aggravates viduals

may

it

swollen,

pressure

greatly. Indi-

be quite thirsty and hot. Belladonna 6c

can be taken three to four times per day for one to

two days, discontinuing when

the pain diminishes.

Calcarea Fluorica 6c This remedy

may

be beneficial in conditions charac-

terized by a stabbing pain in the affected joint, which

may "crack" on movement. There haps deformed

joints.

Pain

is

are swollen, per-

relieved

movement and warmth. Calcarea

by gentle

fluorica 6c can be

taken every two hours, up to six doses, in acute cases. Thereafter

and

in chronic cases, three to four

doses can be taken daily until improvement

is

noted.

Colchicum 6c This remedy

may

serve those with an extremely

painful case of gout, where even slight

worsens the pain. The pain

Homeopathic Remedies

is

movement

often worse at night,

353

and

afflicted individuals will likely be very tired

chilly.

and

Colchicum 6c can be taken three to four times

per day for one to two days.

Rhus Toxicodendron 6c This remedy painful,

may be

helpful for joints that are hot,

and swollen. In

The condition is generally improved on moving about and worsens when individuals are lying down and at rest. The pain is relieved by warmth. Rhus toxicodendron 6c can be taken every affected.

hour, up to six doses, in acute cases. Thereafter and in chronic cases, three to four

daily until

improvement

is

doses can be taken

noted.

this case, the big toe is often

REMEDIES FOR HAY FEVER Euphrasia 6c ACUTE HAY FEVER

page

Euphrasia may be helpful in cases where the eyes are swollen and water

responds well to the following

pathic view

is

that allergies are deep-

the time, burning tears are pre-

bland discharge comes from the nose, and

sent, a

homeopathic remedies. The homeo-

all

symptoms worsen

indoors.

Euphrasia 6c can be

taken every fifteen minutes for up to one hour; dis-

continue with significant improvement.

seated problems requiring two to three seasons of

good constitutional

treatment under the care of a trained

doctor

in

order to overcome them.

However, homeopathy can be used to treat allergy

symptoms.

Allium

Cepa 6c

may be beneficial in cases where nose symptoms are opposite those that call

This remedy

the

eye

for

treatment with Euphrasia: Individuals have watery eyes with nonirritating discharge, burning, runny

nose discharge, and frequent, sudden sneezing. Allium cepa 6c can be taken every fifteen minutes for

up

one hour; discontinue with significant im-

to

provement.

Sabadilla 6c This homeopathic remedy can be tried by individuals

experiencing violent sneezing; watery, swollen, eyes;

and

drinks.

The

and red

warm

a sore throat that

person's thinking

is

is

soothed by

dull

and

slow.

Sabadilla 6c can be taken every fifteen minutes for

up

to

one hour; discontinue with significant

improvement.

354

Homeopathic Remedies

REMEDIES FOR HEMORRHOIDS Hamamelis 6c HEMORRHOIDS

This remedy

(page60),

can affect

all

is

a condition that

ages and both sexes.

indicated

when

is

present in the affected area.

can be taken three times per day for three days,

Although few people are comfort-

continuing when improvement

from

it

is

noted.

as a result of overeat-

ing and inadequate exercise.

opathy

is

dis-

many

able discussing this problem, suffer

and bruised

a sore

The hemorrhoids can ooze blood, and the lower back may ache. The condition worsens with warmth. Hamamelis 6c feeling

also called piles,

is

a safe

Home-

and gentle treatment

of this troublesome condition.

few remedies are

listed below,

A

but

Calcarea Fluorica 6c A

case of hemorrhoids that

remedy

will

be accompanied by itching

region, bleeding, if

may be helped by

and soreness

Flatulence and constipation

in the anal

lower back.

in the

may

this

also be present.

Calcarea fluorica 6c can be taken three to four times

the problem persists, people should

per day for three to four days.

consult a homeopath.

Arnica 30c Although not often thought of orrhoids, Arnica

may

as a

remedy

birth.

two

suffer

hem-

alleviate the effects of strain-

ing and overexertion; consequently,

women who

for

may

it

from hemorrhoids

help

after child-

Arnica 30c can be taken four times per day for

to three days.

Aesculus Hippocastanum 30c With

this

remedy, the bleeding

is

not so

problem as the sharp, shooting pains

much

felt in

the

the rec-

tum and back. The hemorrhoids are purple and painful. The sensation is described by some people as small sticks

poking the rectum. Aesculus hip-

pocastanum 30c can be taken three times per day

for

three days.

Homeopathic Remedies

355

Pulsatilla

6c

lying

down. This

nancy and Pulsatilla

may be

helpful in cases where the

rhoids are bleeding, painful, and

protruding, and individuals

itchy.

may

feel

hemor-

They may be worse when

is

is

remedy duringpreg-

a useful

often associated with heartburn. Pul-

6c can be taken every hour for the

satilla

first six

doses, then three times daily until improvement

is

noted.

REMEDIES FOR HERPES SIMPLEX Natrum Muriaticum 6c HERPES

is

a

common virus that

For those

who

especially

causes cold sores around the as well as genital eruptions.

mouth

These

outbreaks tend to be painful sores;

experience cold sores around the

after

exposure to sun, Natrum muri-

aticum may be helpful. The eruptions may be

may be

corners of the mouth, and there the lip as well.

lips,

Natrum muriaticum

in the

a crack in

6c can be taken

three to four times per day for three to five days, dis-

a

burning or itching sensation may

continuing when symptoms improve.

precede the outbreak by a few days.

They

are

most

likely to

appear

in

times of stress, and the eruptions

tend to reappear in the same locations.

Rhus Toxicodendron 6c For herpes simplex outbreaks cially

in

any location, espe-

accompanied by burning and

toxicodendron may bring

dron 6c can be taken two

relief.

Rhus

itching,

Rhus toxicoden-

to three times per day for

one to two days.

Apis Mellifica 6c When

the herpes outbreak

is

accompanied by

sting-

ing pain and the area looks red and swollen, Apis mellifica could be helpful.

bring

relief

and

is

A

cold compress

another indication for trying

may this

remedy. Apis mellifica 6c can be taken three to four

times per day for two days.

356

Homeopathic Remedies

REMEDIES FOR HERPES ZOSTER SHINGLES Arsenicum Album 6c HERPES ZOSTER. ~

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betes 1988;37:1567-73.

Adherence to high-carbohydrate,

al.

and type I diabetes

Med J Austral 1988;148:141-43.

glucose disposition in non-insulin depen-

Gerstein H.

36.

JP,

fish

NIDDM.

diet

Diabetes Care

1991;14:802-23. 49.

ML,

Hersey

et

al.

III

WC,

Graves JE, Pollack

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Curnow DH.

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Davis RE, Calder JS,

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DSH.

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Grimm J-J, Muchnick

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the risk of cigarette smoking.

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64.

reduced occurrence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

—

Dorman JS, et

diabetes

Circulation 1990;82:37-43.

MJ,

Ragland DR, Leung

SP,

Insulin-dependent

mortality

subjects.

Diabetes Care 1994;17:1203.

LaPorte RE,

63. Scala C, al.

in

Preliminary

89. Passariello et al. Effects of

tarate

N,

report.

Fici F,

Contra-

Giugliano D,

pyridoxine alpha-ketoglu-

on blood glucose and

lactate in type

393

I

and

H

diaiiena. Internal J CLtn :

col The* Toxicol 19*

Solomon LR_ Goher.

90.

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Diabetes 1989: 36:661-66.

anoe in dtahmrs

-

irfmfd sngars and dttrcmTmm,

less

i

"t"i7

i'-

2-2 22.;-.;

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i

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Tt Diabeaes. la

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Mamkr MM.

Andcrscm RA.

108.

Maeba
c

ru .-.:::

5

l-".:

hypertriglyceridemia and.

&ac

See Fish oils c --:

:.

hypertension anc

nutrients for, 49-50

Eicosapentaenoic

-

high cholesterol and, 63-64

50-51

Eggs and cholesterol, 62-63

r

and, 109

fibromyalgia anc

dietary changes for. 49

PMS

for weight loss. 124

fibrocystic breast disease and. 52

Eczema

-

premenstrual syndrome

diabetes and, 40-41

230

-

for peptic ulcers. 103

depression and, 36

74

for yeast infections. 129 Eclectic physicians,

kidney stones anc

M

constipation anc.

for gmgrritis. 57

bowel syndrome. 81-82

for irritable

Alzheimer s disea

Be,

rheumatoid

7,

for athletic performance. 16

diabetes anc. arthritis and, 1 16

chemotherapy suppor: 27

for

common colds, 29, 30

ondirions. See

-

Ca c

r bright for,

Endometriosis, caffeine consumption

160-161 G2

Crohn's disease anc

Glaucc d -

oils,

-

cholesterol and

1-0-261

.

for diabetes for fibromyalgia.

Fish

for weight loss. 124

for

cholesterol and. 62

diabetes and. 40

alar degeneration

260-261

homeopathic remec

eczema.

for

for hypertensior

csl

r;

352—35

hyr

_

.irmia and, 70, ~1

.

for migraine headaches, 9

Endorphins, gamma oryzanol

for osteoarthritis, 98

and. 164

for psoriasis, 113

EPA eicosapentaeno

.

for

-

See Fish oils

:!so Fish oils

Ephedra. 259-260 for

^eed

Crohn's disease anc

program, 126

in weight loss

rheumatoid

fibrocystic breast disease and.

metto ar

:atichyp.

hypertriglyceridemia anc.

Epigallocatechin gallate

immune function anc

Flu.

morning sickness anc

Fluoroura.

unsaturated

Foeniculum vulg

Epilepsy, 91

salts bath,

Eqiasetum anvnse. See Horsetail

Fenugret :-:63 for atherosclerosis, 13

Estrogen

for constipation.

for high cholesterol, 66

for

hay

;-. ;

.

.:>.

~

.:::.

-

v

.

:

:

-~

Ferulic

19.

164-165

for migraine headaches,

57

for eczema, 49—50

methotr^ for osteoporosis. 101

in pregnancy, 108

vitamin Bi: and, 45 -2

A

-

for vitiligo, 122, 123

for consriparior.

Food additives, 134 :hma and. 9— 10

diabetes and, 40

Food

Fiber.

-2

ar.c.

add esters,

Feverfew. 263-264

364

Evening primrose oil, 158—159

;:c:^

iris,

Pap smears (abnormal and, 102-103

109

.

Euphrasia officinalis, 260-2

j

-4

for high cholesterol, 64

for hypertriglyceridemia 71,72

fever. 60.

for measles,

a

atherosclerosis and. 13

forging:,

Ferrum phosphoricum in pregr..

——

.-.

se

~

~r:

Euphrasia -

F e nnel

.

.

for diabetes, 40.

•

360-

for diarrhea -

33

fibrocystic breast disease and. 72 -

for.

I

depression and, 37, 38

-

boron and, 98, 101

t :..:>;.

...

for Crohn's disc

Eauisetum palustre, 99. 101

~i~.

homeopathic remedies

¥ol k

for irritable bowel syndrome, 82, 83

80

2

-

Fennel seeds, 261-:-:

Epinephrine. 2

18

159

1

8

fats.

:

for constipation.

Ephedrine for asthma. 10-1

141

11"

162-163

oil,

forber "2

N

arthritis, 116.

na-redu

p

atherosclerosis and.

asthma. 10—1

Epsom

.

.

159-160

-:nma;

allergic-

MSG

" .

-'

.

-

.

'

.

for irritable bowel for premenstrual

-.

-.

a-.c.

syndrome, 82

syndrome

.10 for

rheumatoid arthritis, 1 16

436

52

for diarrhea -

sensitivity

.

for hemorrhoids, 85

acne and,

high cholesterol anc.

canker sores and 2 i - 1

hypertension anc

constipation anc

h>-permglyceridemia and.

S

.

7

and, 36

Index

Goldenseal, 270-2" 1

Gelsemium

diarrhea and. 45 ear infections and, 47

for anxiety,

eczema and, 49

for

bladder attacks and, 55

gall

333

for dental support.

for ear infections,

for influenza,

hypertension and. 6~

for migraine headaches, 92,

function and. 73

irritable

bowel syndrome and, 82

peptic ulcers and. 104 for psoriasis.

rheumatoid

1

12-1 13

arthritis and,

115-116

lutea,

264-265

367-368

Gout, homeopathic remedies

379

Grape seed

Gentian, 266-267

Graphites for tinnitus, 380-381

Ginger, 26"-268

Grave's disease, 286

as

Green

chemotherapy support, 26

morning

nausea and, 94, 268

for high cholesterol, 66

for

herbs

for.

Fructo-oligosaccharides

FOS

135

.

Cranberry

Fumaric acid

failure, 31

for psoriasis,

1

13

Fungicides, 134

5^-58

Guarana, 237—274

for congestive heart failure, 31

for atherosclerosis, 13

for depression, 38

for high cholesterol, 66 for hypertriglyceridemia. 71, "2

43.44 79

macular degeneration, 86

for migraine headaches, 92

for diabetes. 43

H

nutrients for, 58-59

Glucomannan

56

changes and, 55

nutrients for, 56

Gamma-linolenic acid

GLA

.158-159.

See also Evening primrose

oil

eczema. 49—50

Gamma oryzanol,

164—165

performance and,

Ganoderma lucidum. See Garcinia cambogia Garlic.

Gymnema

-

2 5-2 6

dietary changes and. 59

dietary changes and, 55

athletic

_

Glaucoma, 58-59

Gallstones, 55-56

for

Gum guggulu. See Guggul Gurmarbooti. See

Ginseng. See Asian ginseng; Eleuthero

Galen. 265, 281

for.

Gugulipid. See Guggul

Gymnema,

Ginkgolides, 269

lifestyle

for athletic performance, 16 in weight loss program, 125. 126 _ Guggul. 66. 2 4-275

for infertility (male), 78,

herbs

72

function, 74

Guanylate cyclase. 114

biloba, 268-270

for diabetes,

receptors, 317

immune

Grifola frondosa. See Maitake

for Alzheimer's disease, 7, 8

for

GABA-A

for hypertriglyceridemia, 71, for

for atherosclerosis, 13

and congestive heart

141

for hypertension, 68, 69

as antioxidant, 9

juice

in.

for high cholesterol, 66

117

arthritis.

nutrients for, 57

Ginkgo

zinc and. 224

272—273

for gingivitis. J7

56-58

Gingivitis,

turmeric and, 117

Fruit juice. See also

rheumatoid

tea,

extract. 9

bioflavonoids

92

sickness, 94, 268

for

Free radicals, 8-9

for.

353-354

for migraine headaches,

function, 74

2"l-272

kola,

Genistein, 204

for atherosclerosis, 13

immune

Gotu

266-26"

for constipation, 33

for

48

for urinary tract infections, 121

for atherosclerosis, 13

urinary tract infections and, 120 Fo-ti.

360

for surgery recovery.

Geniana

for Crohn's disease, 35

349

glaucoma and, 59

immune

common colds. 29

for

chemotherapy support. 28. 343

15. 16

Reishi

fruit, 125,

168

Halcion, 81

for weight loss, 124

Hamamelis

Glucosamine

sulfate,

165—166

chondroitin sulfate and, 150

for atherosclerosis. 12. 13

Hamamelis

for osteoarthritis, 98

Harpagoside. 253

Glue

ear.

Devil's claw

Glutamine, 166 athletic

performance and, 15

48

for high cholesterol, 63,

65-66

Hart, James, 18

Hawthorn. 276-277 for congestive heart failure, 31

for peptic ulcers, 104

cisplatin and,

virginiana. See Witch hazel

Harpogophytum procumbens. See

See Ear infections

for hypertension, 68

Glutathione

cancer and, 266

for hemorrhoids, 61, 355 for varicose veins, 383

kidney stones and, 84—85

creatine and, 154

265-266

for ear infections,

diabetes and, 40

Hay

27

n-acetyl cysteine

XAC

hypertension and, 6", 68, 69

Glutathione peroxidase,

hypertriglyceridemia and, 70

Glybunde. 44

9,

fever

and. 189

homeopathic remedies

203

nettle for,

for, 60. 3 ^4

60

nutrients for,

59—60

Glycosaminoglycans, 149, 165

Headaches. See Migraine headaches

Glycosylation, diabetes and, 41

Heart disease. See Atherosclerosis

Gastric acid, 139

Glycyrrhiza spp. See Licorice

Heart

Ge-gen. See Kudzu

Goiter, 1"1

for

immune

function, 74

for yeast infections, 128, 129

Index

failure.

See Congestive heart

failure

437

Heavy menstruation. See Menorrhagia

for

menopausal symptoms, 88

Heavy metals,

for

menorrhagia, 90

8

hypertension and, 67-68

for

104

licorice and,

atherosclerosis and, 12-13

for migraine headaches,

Helicobacter pylori, 103

Hemochromatosis, 16

for osteoporosis, 101

Hemoglobin, iron and, 173

for peptic ulcers,

Hemorrhoids, 60-61

for

dietary changes for, 85

Hops, 277-278 for insomnia, 81

Horse chestnut, 278-279

pregnancy support, 108-109

syndrome

for hemorrhoids, 61

Horseradish, 280-281

(PMS),111 for, 61,

355-356

for

for psoriasis, 113-114 for

rheumatoid

Hemosiderosis, 16

for vitiligo, 123

Hepar

in

sulfuris

arthritis,

117-118

for

128-129

Herpes simplex, homeopathic remedies

337

for conjunctivitis, 348

for,

Herpes

Hepatic encephalopathy, 138 Hepatitis, phyllanthus and, 299

356

Hot

homeopathic remedies

357-358

High

cholesterol,

Hydrazine residues, 134

hydrochloride (HCl)

62-67

for asthma, 10-11

alcohol use and, 63

for atherosclerosis, 13

coffee and, 63

performance, 16

for benign prostatic hyperplasia,

19-20

Hydrogen peroxide, 9 Hydroquinone, 121 Hydroxycitric acid (HCA), 168 in

for canker sores,

22

Hydroxymethylbutyrate (HMB), 138

dietary cholesterol, 62-63

Hypericin, 312

fiber and, 63

Hypericum

herbs

for cataracts, 25

weight loss program, 125

dietary changes for, 62

garlic and, 63

for bursitis, 21

117-118

Hydrochloric acid. See Betaine

High blood pressure. See Hypertension 7-8

arthritis,

Menopause

Huang qi. See Astragalus Humulus lupulus, 277-278

Hesperidin, menopause and, 87

for acne, 6

rheumatoid

flashes. See

Hydrastis canadensis. See Goldenseal

zoster,

for,

Herbs. See also specific herbs

for Alzheimer's disease,

for osteoarthritis, 99

for osteoporosis, 101

weight loss program, 125-127

for yeast infections,

for acne, 6

common colds, 29, 30

Horsetail, 281-282

for urinary tract infections, 121

iron deficiency and, 173

for athletic

low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and, 64

vitamin B12 and, 216

104-105

for premenstrual

61

homeopathic remedies

for boils,

betaine hydrochloride (HC1) and, 140

morning sickness, 94

for osteoarthritis, 99

for,

92

for night blindness, 96

Hemila, Harri, 73-74

herbs

Homocysteine

for,

lifestyle

MT 338

for boils,

65-66

for insect bites,

64-65

for

chemotherapy support, 27-28

nutrients for,

for

common colds, 29-30

olive oil and, 63

362

Hypericum perforatum.

changes, 63-64

See

St.

John's wort

Hyperparathyroidism, 108 Hypertension, 67-69. See also

Pritikin diet

program

for Crohn's disease, 35

small meals

for,

for depression, 38

soy products and, 63

dietary changes and, 67-68

for congestive heart failure, 31

for,

112

Congestive heart failure

63

for diabetes,

43-44

sugar and, 63

herbs

for diarrhea,

45-46

trans fatty acids and, 63

isolated systolic hypertension, 68

High-density lipoprotein (HDL). See

for ear infections, 48

for

eczema, 50-51

also

for fibrocystic breast disease, for fibromyalgia,

52-53

for gallstones, 56 for gingivitis,

immune

for irritable for

72-73

function, 74

for infertility (male),

76

78-79

80-81

bowel syndrome, 82-83

macular degeneration, 86

438

rheumatoid

for,

lifestyle

arthritis and, 116,

See

for irritable

bowel

syndrome, 82

117

AIDS

72-73

changes and, 70

nutrients for, 70-71

Hypnosis

HIV infection.

68-69

for infertility (female),

for insomnia,

herbs

Histidine, 167

for hypertriglyceridemia, for

dietary changes for, 69-70

Hyper-

Histamine, Crohn's disease and, 34

for high cholesterol, 65-66

changes and, 68, 95

nutrients for, 68

Hippocrates, 265, 317

hemorrhoids, 61

for hypertension,

triglycerides. See

68-69

Hypertriglyceridemia, 69-72

triglyceridemia

57-58

for hay fever, 60 for

lifestyle

cholesterol

chromium and, 150 High

54

High

for,

Hypophyllanthine, 299

Homeopathic remedies, 331-384. See also specific ailments

Homeopathy

I

definition of, 330

dosages, 330

Ignatia

mother tincture (MT), 330

for anxiety, 333

succussion, 330

for insomnia, 81, 363

Index

for

menopausal symptoms,

for

postpartum depression, 372

in

88,

365

Interferon, vitamin Intestinal gas,

pregnancy, 109

for restless leg

Immune

for,

syndrome, 376

function, 72-75

dietary changes

herbs

in kelp,

73

innate immunity, 72-73

nutrients for,

(OKG)

and, 191

D

Infertility (male)

75-76

76

Kreb's cycle, pantothenic acid and, 193

for

morning

Kudzu, 284-285

sickness, 94, 468

pregnancy, 109

for hypertension, 68, 69

173-174

performance and,

15, 16

76 Lachesis for menopausal symptoms,

174

menorrhagia, 89, 91

88,

zinc and, 19, 225

77-79

dietary changes for, 79

for,

81-82

herbs

homeopathic remedies

for,

79, 358

changes and, 77, 79-80

nutrients for, 77-78

for,

homeopathic remedies

for,

360-361

82-83

for canker sores,

Lactobacillus acidophilus and, 82, 135

for

changes and, 82

and

for,

361

22

function, 74

bowel syndrome,

82, 135

cholesterol, 63

Isolated systolic hypertension, 68

for yeast infections, 128

Lactobacillus bulgaricus for canker sores,

22

Lactose intolerance, 175

Isothujone, 323

Innate immunity, 72-73

Lactovegetarian diet, 115

Laminaria, 174

Inosine, 169

Inositol,

immune

for irritable

Isoleucine, 138

homeopathic remedies

45

bowel syndrome, 82

for diarrhea, 45

Isoflavones

135

for migraine headaches, 92

nutrients for, 82

See Crohn's disease

athletic

for irritable

iron deficiency and, 173

lifestyle

Inflammatory bowel disease.

as,

Lactobacillus acidophilus, 134-135

food allergies and, 82

78-79

Lactase, 175-176

for diarrhea,

bowel syndrome, 81-83

dietary changes

365-366

acidophilus

Iron-loading anemias, 16 Irritable

Infertility (male),

Injuries,

Korean ginseng. See Asian ginseng

as pregnancy support, 108

and, 192

Influenza,

84-85

chemotherapy support, 28, 343

for

PABA (paraaminobenzoicacid)

lifestyle

changes and, 84

nutrients for,

for

in kelp,

changes and, 75-76

for,

lifestyle

60

for infertility (female),

nutrients for, 76

herbs

for hay fever,

athletic

for,

dietary changes for, 75

lifestyle

calcium supplementation and, 145

for depression, 37, 38

Infertility (female),

for,

Kidney stones, 83-85

172-173

dietary changes for, 83-84

Iron,

359-360

herbs

for vitiligo, 123

Iridoid glycosides, 253

homeopathic remedies

Indigestion,

Khelhn

for asthma, 10

in

and, 219

Impotence. See

174

air,

Ipecac

73-74

ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate

vitamin

Kava, 283-284

Ionizing radiation, 8

changes and, 73

lifestyle

for insomnia,

81,363

Ketoisocaproate (KIC), 138

Ionized

for,

phosphoricum

Kelp, 174-175

74

for,

359-360

fibrocystic breast disease and, 52

245

for,

Kali

homeopathic remedies

Iodine, 134, 171

cartilage and, 147

claw

and, 73, 74

Intrauterine devices (IUDs), 89

adaptive immunity, 73

cat's

C

performance and,

Lapachol, 297

15, 16

Law of

170

Laxatives. See Constipation

diabetes and, 42, 43 Jet lag, melatonin and, 185 Inositol hexaniacinate, 213 for high cholesterol,

Similars, 330

L-carnitine, 146-147

Journal of the American Medical

64

L-dopa, 207

Association, 116

Lead,

hypertriglyceridemia and, 70, 71 Insect bites,

homeopathic remedies

Juniper, 282-283

Lecithin, 176-177. See also

for,

for urinary tract infections, 121

362-363

Juniperus communis. See Juniper

Insoluble fiber, 159

for,

for, 81,

363-364

for, 80,

185-186

nutrients for, 80

Insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM). See Diabetes

Index

K

for insect bites,

363

for osteoarthritis, 99,

function and, 73

melatonin

196

for injuries, 361

80-81

homeopathic remedies

immune

in,

Ledum

Insomnia, 79-81 herbs

Phosphatidyl choline phosphatidylserine

Kali

LEM

bichromicum

for

common

colds, 30,

346-34 T

for migraine headaches, 92, 368 for yeast infections, 129,

384

370

(Lentinan edodes mycelium

extract), 311

Lemon balm, 285-286 for insomnia, 81

439

179-180

Lentinan edodes. See Shiitake

lutein and,

Leprosy, 292

nutrients and, 85—86

performance and,

15, 16

whey protein and.

asthma, 10

soy isoflavones and, 204

performance and, 15,16 cisplatin and, 26—2"

286-287

and congestive heart

asthma, 11

diabetes and. 42. 43

for canker sores. 2

for fibromyalgia. 54

for

tor

nutrients for, 87-88

athletic

Leucovorin, 16 Licorice,

for

eczema, 50-51

for

failure,

for peptic ulcers, 104, 105

for hypertension, 68

syndrome

kidney stones and, 84, 85

Ling chih ling

zhi.

174

for migraine headaches,

for premenstrual

syndrome

for

Liver conditions, 138

Maidenhair

thistle

299

jnd, 291

phyllanthus and, 299

vitamin

C

and, 217

Lou Gehng\

disease, 138

L-phenylalanine, 194-195

Lutein, ,iv

carnitine and. 31

chemotherapy support. 27

F9-180,209

Migraine headaches, 91-92, 36"-368

69

for hypertriglyceridemia. for

iuang. See Ephedra

Manganese,

root,

Milk

Matricaria recutita. See

for.

358

and

for infertility

male

~9 .

for tinnitus, 381

carnitine and, 31

440

313,324

Morning

changes and, 85

diabetes and, 40

93—94

dietary changes

184—185

herbs

15, 16

homeopathic remedies

athletic

triglycerides,

performance and, alter ni folia. See

Tea

tree oil

Mouth

glaucoma. 59

officinalis.

Menopause,

— 8

185-186 See

Lemon balm

— 88

for.

tincture

MT

ulcers. See

for, 94,

468

,

330

Canker

sores

nutrients for, 95

Mucopolysaccharides, 149, 165 Mucositis, 26

herbs

Mukul myrrh

88

93

MSG sensitivity, 94-95

dietary changes and, 8~ for,

for,

94

nutrients for, 93-94

Mother

Melatonin. 185-186

Melissa

86

oils,

sickness,

Medium chain Melaleuca

10

MAO),

oxidase

Monosaturated

sativa. See Alfalfa

for insomnia, 80,

Macular degeneration, 85-86

Monoamine

Meditation, fibromyalgia and, 53

for

M

Molybdenum for asthma, Momordica charantta. See Bitter melon

Medical World News, SO gas, 359

Lysine, 181-182

for,

Chamomile

364

Medicago

for indigestion

lifestyle

as antioxidants, 9

Measles, homeopathic remedies

for impotence,

herbs

specific minerals

Matncin, 248

336

290-291

vitamin mineral supplements;

for peptic ulcers, 104

for benign prostatic hyperplasia,

thistle, 38.

Minerals. See also Multiple

for diarrhea, 46

Lycopodium

for. 92.

-368

for psoriasis. 114

common colds, 29

macular degeneration and, 86

as antioxidant. 9

92

for gallstones, 56

289-290

for Crohn's disease, 35

Lycopene. 180-181.209

91

nutrients for, 91-92

183-184

9,

for.

for,

homeopathic remedies

Malabar tamarind, 168

for

Luteolin.

herbs _

for cataracts. 24. 25

20.

71,72

function, ~4

immune

for herpes zoster,

dietary changes

for asthma, 11

antioxidant. 9

35~- ; 58

for high cholesterol, 66

Marshmallow

>

Methotrexate. 26

Mezereum

for osteoporosis, 101

depression and, 37

Methionine, 186-18"

for diabetes. 4^

Ma

High cholesterol atherosclerosis and, 12

for vitiligo, 122. 12

See Ginkgo biloba

tree.

for hypertension, 68,

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL). See also

Messina, Mark. 204

Maitake, 288-289 for

3~9

Mercury, 8

Ma huang. See Ephedra

hepatitis, phyllanthus and,

350

mumps, 369

for teething pain,

Lipotropics, 186

cirrhosis, carnitine deficiency and. 146

for canker sores, 23, 341

for dental support,

.110

zinc and. 22^

Lipase, 178-179

Peppermint

sol

for conjunctivitis, 34"

vitamin B6, 17

Linolenic acid. 158

milk

91-92

100—101

PMS

for, 90,

PMS

piperita. See

Mercurius

for osteoporosis,

See Reishi

homeopathic remedies

Mentha

Lignans. 159

Ligustrum lucidum

90

Menorrhagia: Premenstrual

in kelp,

299

for,

Menstruation. See Menopause;

glaucoma, 59

Light sensitivity. See Photosensitivity

308

herbs

nutrients for, 89-90

for high cholesterol, 65

in schisandra,

31

Menorrhagia

366-36"

for fibromyalgia, 54

in phyllanthus,

for, 88,

365-366

Magnesium, 182-183

Leucine. 138, 177-178 athletic

homeopathic remedies

tree.

See Guggul

Index

Mullein, 291-292 for

asthma,

for

common

1

I

colds, 29, 30

187-188 vs. tablets,

187-188

competing ingredients

in,

1

88

for high cholesterol, 64

Ornithine, 190-191

menopausal symptoms, 88

herbs

menorrhagia, 90

nutrients

premenstrual syndrome

and

Nitrous oxide,

Non

remedies

herbs

5

See Diabetes

for

canker sores, 22

Norepinephrine, 207

for

common

Nux vomica

colds, 29, 30

for alcohol

for

N (NAC), 189-190

nutrients

98-99

solanine and

and, 35 Osteoporosis, 100-10! caffeine intake and, 83-84

28, 343

dietary changes

100

for,

exercise and, 100

herbs

for constipation, 33, 348

homeopathic remedies

for

and s 225

for,

Osteomalacia, Crohn's disease

chemotherapy support,

3

in

for, 99,

Osteochondrosis, 96-97

withdrawal support. 332

53

for indigestion

chemotherapy support, 26

99

for colic, 346

for gout,

cysteine

16

5,

370-371

boron compared, 117

for gingivitis, 57, 58

for,

homeopathic remedies

boswellia and, 239

Myrrh, 292-293

zinc

1

(NSAIDs .99

369-370

as

1

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for.

1

D-phenylalanine and, 98, 194

8

[NIDDM).

weight loss program, 125

Mumps, homeopathic

performance and,

glucosamine sulfate and, 165-166

insulin-dependent diabetes

vegetarian multiples, 188

[OKG

dietary changes and, 97-98

arthritis and,

for urinary tract infections. 121

16

5,

Osteoarthritis, 97-99

osteoarthritis, 97

time-released forms, 188

1

Osgood-Schlatter disease, 96-97

95-96

for,

rheumatoid

(PMS), 110

N -acetyl

athletic

Nightshade plants

for osteoporosis, 101

performance and,

Oseillococcinum for influenza, 361

Pi 3

96

for,

1

191 -192

Night blindness, 95-96

76

1

ithine alpha-ketoglutarate

Nicotinamide. Sec Niacinamide-

for

in

athletic

pregnancy, 108

for

for

infections, 121

Ornish, Dean,

Nicotinic acid. See Vitamin

for infertility 'female;,

oils

for urinary tract

diabetes and, 42-43

in

45

SeeYwh

oils.

Oregon grape

photosensitivity and, 106

Crohn's disease, 34—35

for

Oral contraceptives, 37 25

for osteoarthritis, 98

chevvable multiples, 188

for diarrhea,

Niacinamide

depression and, 37, 38

Multiple vitamin/mineral supplements,

capsules

Omega- 3

for cataracts,

for car infections, 48

19,

Niacin. See Vitamin B3

for, 101

lifestyle

and

gas, 359

Otitis media. See

pregnancy, 109

371

changes and, 100

nutrients for, 100

insomnia, 81, 364

for, 101,

101

Ear infections

n, 9

Naphthoquinones, 297

for

Naringeimn, 140-141

for urinary tract infections, 382

ndole alkaloids, 145

pregnancy support, 373

le,

8

Natrum munaticum for

canker sores, 23, 341

for

common

colds, 30, 347

for herpes simplex,

in

3

56

for indigestion

and gas, 359-360 for tinnitus, 381

for ec/.ema, 50, 51

for infertility (female),

hypertriglyceridemia and, 70

for vitiligo. 122, 123

for

Nausea. See also Morning sickness

Palm

insomnia, 81

oil,

;an ginseng

Pancreatic enzymes,

Obesity. See also Weight loss

Negative iron therapy for asthma, 10

atherosclerosis and, 12

Pancreatin, 178

Neoruscogemn, 240-241

gallstones and. 55

Pantethine

Nepta

hypertriglyceridemia and, 70

Nettle,

cataria. See

Catnip

19,293-294

infertility 'female;

199-200,277

19,20 for

as

hay

fever,

Olive

60

Index

84

function, 74

$7

hypertriglyceridemia and, 70 31,

Pantothenic acid, 193-194. See also Pantethine

cholesterol and, 63

Olyindole alkaloids for

pregnancy support, 108, 109

New England journal of Medicine,

oil,

1

for high cholesterol, 64, 65

and, 76

Oligomeric procyanidins (OPCs),

for benign prostatic hyperplasia,

76

62

Panax ginsen

kidney stones and, 84

ginger and, 268

a

192-193

diabetes and. 40

pregnancy, 109

Natrum phosphoncum

Natrum salicyhcum

PARA 'paraaminobcnzoic

Oats, 294-295

postpartum depression, 372

for

immune

for athletic

performance,

14, 16

for high cholesterol, 64 for

rheumatoid

arthritis,

1

16

441

Pap smears (abnormal), 102-103 nutrients for, 102-103

Piper methysticum, 283-284

Prostate cancer

Plantago spp. See Psyllium

Passiflora incarnata. See Passion

Plaque

(arterial).

lycopene and, 180

See Atherosclerosis

Platelet-activating factor (PAF), 269

flower

Passion flower, 295-296

Pliny the Elder, 265

Podophyllum

for insomnia, 81

Pasteur, Louis, 265

Poison

Pau d'arco, 296-297 Pausinystalia yohimbe. See

Yohimbe

for diarrhea, 46,

350

374

Hay

Polycythemia, 16 Fo-ti

high cholesterol and, 63

Postpartum depression, homeopathic

Peppermint, 297-298

remedies

for irritable

bowel syndrome,

82-83

in kelp,

Psoralen drugs, 123 failure, 31

174

herbs

for,

104-105

changes and, 104

Morning sickness

in,

Periodontal disease. See Gingivitis

PABA

and, 192

diabetes and, 40

in,

45

hemorrhoids, 85

high cholesterol and, 63, 66 109, 373

for hypertriglyceridemia, 71, for irritable

changes and, 107-108

bowel syndrome, 82

nutrients supporting, 108

Phenylalanine, 194-195. See also

postpartum depression, 372

Pueraria spp. See

yeast infections and, 128

Pulsatilla

tyrosine and, 207

Phenylketonuria (PKU), 177

for

eczema, 50,51

for gallstones, 56

for diarrhea, 46, 351 for ear infections, 49, for

1

for measles,

exercise and, 109-110

for

for Alzheimer's disease, 7

herbs

depression and, 37, 38

homeopathic remedies

in

lifestyle

morning sickness,

94, 468

378-379

Photosensitivity, 105-106

dietary changes lifestyle

for,

105

changes and, 105-106

Phyllanthine, 299

Phyllanthus, 298-299

changes, 109-110

1

Pritikin diet

program, 111-112

The

Permanent Weight-Loss

Manual The

Pritikin

Phytosterols, 19

soy and, 204

Acne

Pine bark extract as antioxidant, 9

for osteoarthritis, 99, 371

(Pritikin),

postpartum depression, 372

pregnancy, 109

112

Program for Diet

Exercise (Pritikin), 112

as antioxidant, 9 Probiotics, 134-135

Progesterone, 198

Prostaglandin El (PGE1), 158

syndrome (PMS),

111,366

10

Nathan, 111

Pritikin

mumps, 369

in

vitex for, 90 Pritikin,

menorrhagia, 90

for

for premenstrual

Proanthocyanidins, 199-200

Phytate, 38

442

111,

nutrients for, 110

nutrients for, 106

Pimples. See

for,

for

for

vitamin B6 and, 36-37,

pregnancy, 109

for surgery recovery,

111

366-367

Phospholipids, 186

for

for,

364

menopausal symptoms,

88,365

fibrocystic breast disease and,

52-53

351-352

hemorrhoids, 61, 356

dietary changes for, 109

Phosphatidylserine (PS), 196-197

Phosphorus

Kudzu

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS),

tyrosine supplements and, 207

Phosphatidyl choline (PC), 176-177

for weight loss, 124

Pregnenolone, 198-199

109-1

72

for psoriasis, 114

Phenformin, 44

D-phenylalanine

112-113

for constipation, 32, 33

for

108-109

iron deficiency and, 173 lifestyle

for,

113-114

for diarrhea,

and, 163

herbs helping

homeopathic remedies

nutrients for, 104

Peyronie's disease,

folic acid

for,

nutrients for, 113

dietary changes for, 107

iron deficiency and, 173

112-114

Psyllium, 299-300

Pregnancy, 107-109. See also Infertility (female);

Psoriasis,

dietary changes

kidney stones and, 84

dietary changes for, 103-104

Primus serotina, 319-320 Pseudohypericin, 312

as pregnancy support, 108

Peptic ulcers, 103-105

lifestyle

372

hypertension and, 67

lemon balm and, 286

herbs

for,

Proteolytic enzymes, 156—157 for urinary tract infections, 121

Potassium, 197-198

and congestive heart

57

performance and, 15

kidney stones and, 84

Porphyria cutanea tarda, 105

hypertriglyceridemia and, 70

athletic

diabetes and, 40

fever

diabetes and, 40

Pentacyclic triterpenoids, 19

Protein

Crohn's disease and, 34

Pollen allergy. See

Polygonum multiflorum. See

Pectin

20

19,

prostatic hyperplasia

homeopathic remedies

ivy,

for,

for yeast infections, 128, 129

for gingivitis,

saw palmetto and,

Prostatic hyperplasia. See Benign

for

Raynaud's phenomenon, 375

for

rheumatoid

arthritis, 118,

377-378 for varicose veins,

382

for yeast infections, 129,

&

384

Purple coneflower. See Echinacea

Pygeum, 300-301 benign prostatic hyperplasia and, 19,20 Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate for carpal tunnel syndrome, 23-24

Pyndoxine. See Vitamin B6

Index

Pyruvate. 200-201 athletic in

low-fat diet for.

performance and.

15, 16

weight loss program. 125

Pyruvic acid. 200-201

1

osteoporosis and, 100

solanine and. 115

peptic ulcers and. 103

Rhodopsin. 96

Sambucus

Rhus toxicodendron

SAM

334

for backache.

;

for bursitis. 21.

Quercetin, 140-141, 201-202

for carpal tunnel

for atherosclerosis. 12, 13

for chicken pox.

for cataracts. 25

for

chamomile containing. 24S

for gout.

diabetes and. 42

for herpes zoster.

59-60

for

Sandalwood. 304-305 latum album, 304—305

342

syndrome. 24. 342 344

in

354

for osteoarthritis. 99,

for peptic ulcers, 104

for rashes. 3~4

Sarsaparilla. for

370

arthritis.

Riboflavin. See Vitamin

US.

3

B2

for herpes

lifestyle

Rashes, homeopathic remedies for.

Raynaud's phenomenon, homeopathic remedies

Red

clover,

for.

for.

118-119

Red raspberry

idaeus. See

Ri^cogenin. 240-241

for

eczema. 50, 51

fo-ti,

Red

raspberry, 302-303

264

for

chemotherapy support. 27, 28

common colds. 29, 30 Scleroderma. PABA and. 192 for

Scouring rush. See Horsetail

308-309

for insomnia. 81

Scurvy, 218

broken bone support. 338

for bursitis. 21.

Red

Schisandra, 307-308

Scullcap,

Ruta graveolens

for acne. 6 for

changes

Riiscm aculeatus. See Butcher's broom

375

301-302

118

19.20.336

nutrients for. 119

Rubus

374

arthritis, 11".

for benign prostatic hyperplasia.

dietary changes for. 118-119

358

zoster.

rheumatoid

Saw palmetto, 306-30"

IS— 119

calcium deficiency. 144—145

Ranunculus bulhosus

305-306

eczema, 50,51

for psoriasis. 114 for

rheumatoid

1

yucca. 11". 325

Sarcoidosis. 108

35~

herpex simplex. 356

Rickets.

Saponins for high cholesterol. 66

common colds, 30. 34"

for high cholesterol. 64

for

nigra. See Elderberry

S-adenosyl methionine), 163

vitamin B12 and, 216

-

for canker sores. 23.

for hay fever,

migraine headaches and. 91

15

nutrients for. 116—117

340

for carpal runnel

Scutellaria lateriflora. See Scullcap

Selenium.

syndrome.

203-204

9. 134.

for atherosclerosis. 12. 13

macular degeneration and, 86

24. 342

for eye conditions. 352

for Osgood-Schlatter disease, 96. 9~

for diarrhea. 46

for injuries. 361

Pap smears (abnormal) and. 102

as pregnancy support. 108. 109

for osteoarthritis. 99. 371

for

common colds. 29, 30

Reishi, for

303-304

for

chemotherapy support. 2~-2S

rheumatoid

arthritis,

Selenium metallicum 1

18, 3

Rutin for glaucoma, 59

homeopathic

3~6

Resveratrol. 202-203

for

menopausal symptoms.

Sabal serrulate. See Saw palmetto

for

menorrhagia, 90

Saccharomyces

for

morning

John's bread. See Carob

for

postpartum depression. 372

John's wort. 312-313

in

atherosclerosis and, 13

St.

St.

cereiisiae, 143

for depression, 38

See Cascara bark

115-118

dietary changes for, 115-116

for ear infections. - s for vitiligo. 123

D-phenylalanine and. 194

Salah guggal. See Boswellia

exercise and. 116

Salicylic acid.

herbs

for.

11~— 118

homeopathic remedies 3 -3~8

for.

—

iron excess and. 174

Index

319

asthma and.

histidine levels and. 16~

lifestyle

309-310

Sabadilla for hay fever. 60, 354

Rhamnus purshiani cortex. arthritis.

79

for constipation. 33. 348

tunnel syndrome

Rheumatoid

.

Sepia

Repetitive strain injury. See Carpal

for.

leaves.

358

male

for constipation. ;;

for hypertriglyceridemia. 71

remedies

for infertility

Senna

for hypertension, 68, 69

Restless leg syndrome,

for impotence.

changes and. 116

9

for tinnitus. 381

118,

Salix

.ilb j.

See White willow

Salt

hypertension and. 67

kidney stones and, 84

88,

366

sickness, 94. 468

pregnancy. 109

for premenstrual

syndrome PMS),

111.366 for urinary tract infections.

Serenoa

reperts.

See

121,382

Saw palmetto

Serotonin, migraine headaches and. 91

Shave grass. See Horsetail

Shen Xong. 234. 2S4. 307 Shiitake. for

310-311

chemotherapy support. 27

Shingles,

homeopathic remedies

for.

357-358

443

Siberian ginseng. See Eleuthero

Stellaria

Sickle cell anemia, 16

Sterols,

Silicea for boils,

338

media. See Chickweed

164-165

Tanacetum partbenium. See Feverfew

Taraxacum

officinale.

See Dandelion leaf

Stress

fibromyalgia and, 53

Tarentula cubensis for boils, 337

high cholesterol and, 64

Tartrazine, asthma and, 9

Silymarin, 290-291

hypertension and, 67

Taurine, 206-207

Skin conditions. See also Acne; Eczema;

immune

Silicon for osteoporosis, 101

Silybum amrianutn. See Milk

thistle

insomnia and, 80

Psoriasis; Vitiligo

homeopathic remedies

sandalwood

oil for,

Sleeplessness. See

for,

374

irritable

Insomnia

common

bowel syndrome and, 82

Styes, eyebright for,

260

for hypertension, 68

313-314

tree oil,

for acne, 6

Succussion,330

for yeast infections, 128, 129

Teething, homeopathic remedies

Sugar. See also Diabetes

for Crohn's disease, 35

diabetes and, 42

Tea

101,371

colds, 29

failure, 31

cysteine and, 154

Strontium carbonica for osteoporosis,

304

Slippery elm, 311-312 for

and congestive heart

function and, 73

Smilax spp. See Sarsaparilla

common colds and, 28

Smoking, 8

Crohn's disease and, 34

Testosterone,

atherosclerosis and, 24

depression and, 36

Thalassemia, 16

Crohn's disease and, 34

ear infections and, 47

Theobromine, 125

diabetes and, 41

high cholesterol and, 63

Theophrastus, 317

ear infections and, 48

hypertension and, 67

Theophylline, 10, 125

high cholesterol and, 64

hypertriglyceridemia and, 70

Thiamine. See Vitamin Bl

hypertension and, 95

immune

Thujone, 323

hypertriglyceridemia and, 70

peptic ulcers and, 103

Thyroid, iodine and, 171

urinary tract infections and, 120

Thyroid cancer, 171

yeast infections and, 127-128

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

infertility (female)

and, 75

insomnia and, 80

function and, 73

macular degeneration and, 85

Sulfa drugs,

migraine headaches and, 91

Sulfites,

osteoporosis and, 100

Sulfur

PABA

in,

267

Tobacco smoking. See Smoking

344

for constipation, 33, in cysteine,

348-349

154-155

Tocopherol. See Vitamin E

Tomatoes, lycopene

in,

180-181

Sodas. See Soft drinks

for diarrhea, 46, 351

Touch-me-not. See Eleuthero

Sodium. See Salt

methionine and, 186

Trans fatty acids, 63

Sodium ascorbate,

10

for rashes,

Soft drinks

kidney stones and, 84

rickets and,

rheumatoid

Surgery recovery, homeopathic remedies for,

menopausal symptoms and,

87,

204

Spastic colon. See Irritable bowel

syndrome motility.

378-379

Syphilis,

Medium

chain triglycerides

chromium and, 41 flaxseed oil and, 162 oils

Pritikin diet

and, 160

program and, 112

weight loss and, 64

292

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Trigonella foenum-graecum.

See Fenugreek

alfalfa and, 231

See Infertility (male)

clover

Triglycerides. See also

omega-3

Susbrita Samhita, 274

isoflavones in, 204

Red

diabetes and, 40

Superoxides, 9

high cholesterol and, 63, 65

Tri folium pratense. See

Hypertriglyceridemia; 9, 151

manganese and, 183

arthritis and, 115

Soy products, 204-205

in

118-119

Superoxide dismutase (SOD),

and osteoarthritis, 97

Spirulina,

Traveler's diarrhea, 135

384

Sunlight. See also Photosensitivity

Solanine

Sperm

374

for yeast infections, 129,

osteoporosis and, 100

iron excess and, 174

205-206

Triterpene glycosides, 237

Tryamine, migraine headaches and, 91

weight loss program, 125,

Trypsin, 156-157

205-206

Tryptophan, migraine headaches

Spontaneous abortion, 75

379

for urinary tract infections,

121,382

444

and, 91

Tabebuia impestiginosa.

Staphysagria for surgery recovery,

for,

380-381

for chicken pox,

blindness, 353

and, 164

Tinnitus, homeopathic remedies

for acne, 6, 331

Snow

Tibb medicine, ginger

asthma and, 9

peptic ulcers and, 104

C and, 218

gamma oryzanol

(TSH),286

and, 193

pregnancy and, 107 vitamin

for,

379-380

See Pau d'arco

Tagamet, 104

Talmud,

garlic in,

Turmeric, 314-315 as antioxidant, 9 for bursitis, 21

265

for

rheumatoid

arthritis,

117

Index

Turnera diffusa. See Damiana

Type

A behavior

Vanadium, 208-209

Vitamin B5. See Pantothenic acid Vitamin B6, 214-215

diabetes and, 42, 43

atherosclerosis and, 12

Vanadyl

high cholesterol and, 64

Varicose veins, homeopathic remedies

Type I/Type

II

diabetes. See Diabetes

for,

Vegan

Tyrosinase, 151

Tyrosine, 207-208 for Alzheimer's disease, 7

depression and, 37, 38, 207

sulfate,

208

for acne, 5

382-383

for

atherosclerosis and, 13

diet

for athletic

diabetes and, 40

for autism, 17

lysine and, 181

for canker sores,

22

taurine in, 206

for carpal tunnel

syndrome,

D deficiency,

for depression,

cholesterol and, 62

Q10

performance, 14, 16

23-24

144-145

Vegetarian diet

Ubiquinone. See Coenzyme

asthma, 10

cholesterol and, 62

vitamin

u

as antioxidant, 9

36-37

diabetes and, 41,42

diabetes and, 40

fibrocystic breast disease and, 52

gallstones, formation of, 55

fluorouracil and, 27

hypertension and, 67

for high cholesterol,

kidney stones and, 84

hydrazine

multiple vitamin/mineral supple-

kidney stones and, 84, 85

Ulcerative colitis. See Irritable bowel

syndrome

64

compounds and, 134

Ulcers (gastric/duodenal).

See Peptic ulcers

Ulmus

ments

for,

magnesium and, 183

188

elm

rubra. See Slippery

arthritis and, 115

for

morning sickness,

Verbascum tbapsus. See Mullein

for

MSG sensitivity, 95

rheumatoid

(UVA) radiation therapy

Ultraviolet

93, 94

for vitiligo, 122

Vermouth, 322

for osteoporosis, 101

Vitamin A, 209-210.

photosensitivity and, 106

Uncaria tomentosa, 245-246

United

Kingdom melon

availability,

236

36-37,110

and beta-carotene, 209 boswellia in, 239 for cataracts, 24,

butcher's

ephedra

broom

Vitamin B12, 216-217

25

241

in,

availability,

licorice in,

for Crohn's disease, 35

for asthma, 10

for ear infections, 48

atherosclerosis and, 13

hypertriglyceridemia and, 70

for bursitis,

260

287

phyllanthus

in,

299 for

immune

function, 73, 74

Urinary tract infections, 120-121.

for Crohn's disease,

for night blindness, 95, 96

diabetes and, 41,42

and, 45, 164, 216

Pap smears (abnormal) and, 102

folic acid

for peptic ulcers, 104

for high cholesterol, 64, 65

dietary changes for, 120 for,

34

depression and, 37, 38

hyperplasia

121 as

homeopathic remedies

20

menorrhagia and, 89, 91 See also Benign prostatic

herbs

syndrome (PMS),

for premenstrual

for acne, 5, bitter

pregnancy support, 108

for infertility (male), 78

for, 121,

for urinary tract infections, 121

for osteoporosis, 101

381-382 Vitamin Bl, 210-212

in

pregnancy, 108

nutrients for, 120-121 for vitiligo, 122, 123

for canker sores, 22

Urtica dioica. See Nettle for fibromyalgia,

Urtica urens for burns, 339

Vitamin C, 134,217-218

54

adriamycin and, 26

Vitamin B2, 212-213

Uvaursi, 315-316

adriamycin and, 26

as antioxidant, 9

as antioxidant, 9

for

for urinary tract infections, 121 for athletic

Vacciniutn macrocarpon.

performance,

14, 16

asthma, 10

for atherosclerosis, 12, 13

performance and,

for canker sores, 22

athletic

for cataracts, 25

for cataracts, 24, 25

for migraine headaches, 92

chewable

Vitamin B3, 213-214. See also

Niacinamide

See Cranberry juice

for

tablets, 188

common

colds, 28, 29

diabetes and, 41,42

Vacciniutn myrtillus. See Bilberry

as antioxidant, 9

for ear infections, 48

Vaginal dryness, 87

for bursitis, 20

for

eczema, 50

Vaginitis,

127-129

for cataracts, 25

for gingivitis, 57

Valerian,

316-317

diabetes and, 41

for

for high cholesterol, 64, 65

for hay fever, 59,

hypertriglyceridemia and, 70

for high cholesterol, 64, 65

Valeriana officinalis. See Valerian

for osteoarthritis, 98

for hypertension, 68

Valine, 138

in

for insomnia,

80-81

lemon balm and, 286

Index

pregnancy, 108

14, 16

for

glaucoma, 58-59

immune

60

function, 73, 74

445

Vitamin C, cont.

fibrocystic breast disease and,

52-53

macular degeneration and, 86

menopause and, 87 for

morning

Witch hazel, 321-322

317-318

Vitex,

for infertility (male), 77, 78

for infertility (female),

sickness, 93

Pap smears (abnormal) and, 102

for menorrhagia, 90

time-released forms, 188

for premenstrual

for vitiligo, 122, 123

Vitiligo,

Vitamin D, 219-220

herbs

for irritable

bowel syndrome,

WuRi,310 Wu-wei-zi. See Schisandra

123

nutrients for, 122-123

for Crohn's disease, 35

deficiency,

hemorrhoids, 61

Wright, Jonathan, 96, 172

122-123 for,

for

82,83

syndrome

(PMS),111

for urinary tract infections, 120, 121

eczema, 50, 51

Wormwood, 322-323

76

menopausal symptoms, 88

for

for

144-145

hypertriglyceridemia and, 70

kidney stones and, 84 for migraine headaches,

92

w

X potencies, 330 Xylitol, ear infections and, 47

for osteoporosis, 100

Warmbrand, Max,

for psoriasis, 113

rickets and,

97, 115

Water consumption and kidney

118-119

Vitamin E, 220-221

stones, 84

adriamycin and, 26

Water-soluble

for Alzheimer's disease, 7

Weight

loss,

fiber,

159

124-126 Yeast, Crohn's disease and, 34

as antioxidant, 9

dietary changes

for atherosclerosis, 12, 13

exercise and, 124

Yeast infections, 127-129

gallstones and, 55

dietary changes, 127

athletic

performance and,

14, 16

124

herbs and, 125-126

for cataracts, 24, 25 as

for,

chemotherapy support, 26, 27

diabetes and, 41, 42

for high cholesterol,

herbs

Dupuytren's contracture, 46-47

hypertension and, 68

for

eczema, 50

hypertriglyceridemia and, 70 infertility (female)

for fibromyalgia, 54

nutrients for, 125

128-129 129,

for,

383-384

hydroxycitric acid and, 168

for

fibrocystic breast disease and, 52

for,

homeopathic remedies

64

changes, 128

lifestyle

nutrients for, 128

and, 76

probiotic bacteria and, 135

Yellow dock for acne, 6

program and, 112

Yellow dye

#5 and asthma,

for high cholesterol, 64, 65

Pritikin diet

hypertriglyceridemia and, 70

pyruvic acid and, 200

Yellow nail syndrome, 129-130

spirulina and, 124-126, 205-206

Yogurt

for infertility (female),

76

for infertility (male), 78

yo-yo dieting, 124

cholesterol and, 62

macular degeneration and, 86

Wheat bran and kidney

menopause and, 87

Whey

for

menorrhagia, 89

for Osgood-Schlatter disease, 96, 97

BCAAs and, White

photosensitivity and, 106

White willow, 117, 118

rheumatoid

arthritis,

116

syndrome, 129-130

for

morning

sickness, 93

for osteoporosis, 101

Vitamins. See also Multiple

vitamin/mineral supplements; specific vitamins

as antioxidants, 9 toxicity,

446

134

Yo-yo dieting, 124 163, 164,

Yucca, 324-325 for osteoarthritis, 99 for

rheumatoid

arthritis,

117

for osteoarthritis, 99

Wild

cherry,

319-320

Wild indigo for Crohn's disease, 35

Wild

Vitamin K, 222

Yohimbe, 323-324

for infertility (male), 78

264

for bursitis, 21

synthetic forms of, 220 for yellow nail

fo-ti,

45

for depression, 38

318-319

syndrome

(PMS),110 for

15, 16

138

Pap smears (abnormal) and, 102

for diarrhea,

for yeast infections, 128

performance and,

creatine and, 154

for osteoarthritis, 98

for premenstrual

stones, 84

protein, 223-224

athletic

9

oats. See

Oats

Wild yam, 320-321 for high cholesterol,

for

Zeaxanthin,209

66

for hypertriglyceridemia, 71,

72

menopausal symptoms, 88

Wilson's disease, 126-127

macular degeneration and, 86

Zemaphyte, 50 Zinc,

9,

224-225

dietary changes and, 126-127

for acne, 5

nutrients for, 127

athletic

performance and,

14, 16

Index

for benign prostatic hyperplasia,

18,19 for

for

common colds, 28, 29

copper and, 151-152, 225 for Crohn's disease,

diabetes and, 42, 43

Index

for ear infections, 48

34

immune function, 73, 74

for infertility (male), 77, 78

macular degeneration and, 86 for

night blindness, 95-96

for osteoporosis,

100-101

for peptic ulcers, 104

for

rheumatoid

arthritis,

116

for Wilson's disease, 127

Zincum metallicum leg

for restless

syndrome, 376

Zingiber officinale. See Ginger

447

ABOUT THE AUTHORS Schuyler "Skye" W. Lininger, Jr., D.C., Contributor and Editor-in-Chief Dr. Skye Lininger

who

practor

is

He

a nutritionally oriented chiro-

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and

Section Editor of Herbs Dr. Donald Brown is a naturopathic physician who on the

is

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As founder of the "Natural Medicine Forum" on

Sciences where he teaches nutrition and herbal medi-

CompuServe, he heads up the most popular on-line

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former instructor

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A

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Review

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Dr. Jonathan Wright practices nutritional medicine at the

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garded as one of the world's ical

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tutes of Health Office of Alternative Medicine. is

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a

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and Preventing and Reversing Osteo-

nutritional medicine.

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Notes and coauthor of a newsletter called Nutrition

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former Professor of Nutrition at the

Austin has also headed the nutrition departments at

Dr. Eric Yarnell

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in

448

Endowed

a frequent contributor to Health-

Eric Yarnell, N.D., Contributor

You Should

and has collected

Professor of Nutrition at Bastyr University, Seattle,

naturopathic physician in pri-

Known

He

National College of Naturopathic Medicine. Dr.

He

He

over 30,000 scientific papers related to the field of

vate practice at the Center for Natural Medicine in

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porosis (Prima, 1994). With Dr. Wright, he conducts

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cator," he

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R.

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What About

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Know

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is

works as a naturopathic physician

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Ms. Victoria Dolby writes about health a special focus cles

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Her

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four widely acclaimed masters of natural medicine pool their talents, a quality work like The Natural Pharmacy results. A great resource for those looking for a rational, easy-to-use guide to the best researched natural therapies."

—Joseph E. Pizzorno, "From book

Jr.,

N.D., president, Bastyr University, author, Total Wellness

the foremost experts on herbs, homeopathy,

for help with the

most

common

and

health conditions.

nutrition, this reference I

is

an excellent source

think you'll find yourself turning to this book

often!"

—James A. "An

book for those who want

excellent

be without

Duke, Ph.D., author of The Green Pharmacy

to discover natural

ways

to boost their health.

I

wouldn't want to

it!"

—Hazel Courtney, health columnist for the London Sunday Times "The Natural Pharmacy explains in clear and simple terms the true causes of illness and the natural remedies that have been shown to help the healing process. Quite simply, it is a must for anyone who wishes to truly take control of their health."

—John Briffa, BSC (Hons), MB BS (Loud), health columnist for the London Daily Mail Authors: Skye W. Lininger, D.C.

Jonathan

V.

Additional Contributors: Eric Yarnell, N.D. Victoria Dolby

Wright, M.D.

Donald

Steve Austin, N.D.

Ronald G. Reichert, N.D.

J.

Brown, N.D.

Tori Hudson, N.D.

Alan R. Gaby, M.D.

Shane McCamey

Rick Wilkes

ISBN D-7blS-L257-b

PRIMA HEALTH A

Divisi*

W

-

of

Prima Publishing publishing.com

ll

86874»51227

l

6

9

l

780761 512271 ll

5

1999