The Medical Language of St. Luke 9781463208455

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T H E MEDICAL LANGUAGE OF ST. LUKE

T H E MEDICAL LANGUAGE OF ST. LUKE

BY

WILLIAM KIRK HOBART TRINITY COLLEGE; DUBLIN

% G o r g i a s Press

2004

First Gorgias Press Edition, 2004. The special contents of this edition are copyright €> 2004 by Gorgias Press LLC. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Published in the United States of America by Gorgias Press LLC, New Jersey. This edition is a facsimile reprint of the original edition published by Baker Book House, Dublin, 1954.

ISBN 1-59333-104-5

GORGIAS PRESS

46 Orris Ave., Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA www.gorgiaspress.com

Printed and bound in the United States of America.

PREFACE

rTIHE words and phrases cited in this work are either peculiar to the third Gospel and the Acts of the Apostles, or else, though not peculiar to them, are for the most part more frequently employed in these writings than in those of the other N. T . authors. The extant Greek medical writers from whom the examples of the medical use of such words are taken are Hippocrates, B. c. 4 6 0 - 3 5 7 ;

Aretaeus,

who lived in the first century after Christ, probably in the reign of Nero or Vespasian; Galen, A. D. 1 3 0 - 2 0 0 ; and Dioscorides, who lived in the first or second century of the Christian era. The edition of these writers quoted is that of Kiihn (Leipsic 1821—30). Hippocrates is quoted by the Sections of Foesius; Aretaeus, by those of the Ed. Oxon., both of which are given in Dioscorides,

by the usual division

Kiihn;

of chapters.

PREFACE.

Till

Galen's works are so extensive, occupying twentyone volumes in Kiihn's edition, that they have been quoted by the volume and page

(appended in

brackets), as well as by the titles and sections of the several treatises. In order to bring the work within reasonable bounds, it was found necessary that the number of examples of the medical use of a word should not, in any case, exceed ten ; in many instances they could be cited indefinitely.

The few cases

in which they are not of very frequent use in the medical authors have been noticed under the words, and the examples have, generally speaking, been taken, as far as possible, from all the medical

authors,

to

show the

continuous

and

varied use of the words in medical language.

An

asterisk has been prefixed to those words which are peculiar to the third Gospel and the Acts of the Apostles,

and also to a few words, which,

though not peculiar to these writings, are used in them alone of the New Testament in a medical sense. A Note has been

appended, at the end of

the book, which, though not strictly connected with the subject of the work, has reference to a question which is of some interest in connexion with St. Luke in his medical capacity.

PREFACE.

ix

The author here desires to express the obligation he is under to the Provost and Senior Fellows of Trinity College, Dublin, for their favour and liberality in having admitted this book into the Dublin University Press Series, and in having given a donation towards defraying the expenses of publication.

He also desires to return his

thanks to the Rev. Henry Wall Pereira, M. A., M. R. I. A.,

of

Sutton

Wick,

Berkshire,

and

William Millar, Esq., Ahoghill, Co. Antrim, for their valuable assistance and suggestions in the correction of the work as it passed through the press.

CONTENTS AN asterisk has been prefixed to those words which are peculiar to the third Gospel and the A c t s of the Apostles.

I t has also been prefixed to some words which, though not

peculiar to these writings, a r e used-in them alone of the N . T , in a medical sense.

P A R T

I

SECTION

I.

II.

PAGE

Luke, iv. 2 3 . — ' I a r p t , 0cfta7rcv(rov creavrov

.

1

Luke, iv. 35.—Healing of the demoniac in the synagogue of Capernaum, . . . .

2

*ptTTTtlV. ßXalTTilV.

III.

Luke, iv. 38, 39, 40.—Healing of Simon's wife's mother, and of divers diseases, .

.

.

3

*rri)p£Tos p-iyaa\.£ia. acrc^aXSs. *£7rtcraAr;s. *irpo)(cipi£t(r0:7r p o i' 7T < I'Tra^vcK'. LXXXY.

Acts, i x . and x . , . 7reipao-Oai. "o8oL7ropeiv.

m •.

CONTENTS. SECTION

LXXXV.

A c t s , i x . and x . — c o n t i n u e d . *apxv*o9ovrj. *etcTKa\e 1v. ¡xtraKaXtiv.

LXXXYI.

A c t s , x i . and x i i . , fjo-v^ä^uv. SiarpißeLv. *Ta/CTOS.

LXXXVII.

A c t s , xiii., *(TVVTpO(f>OS. 'crvyyeveia. *VTrqpeTuv. vTr/jpirrj^. *ir aporpvvfiv. *fTreyeipciv. *'jrpoTp£7re yap ¿xpiXriari jUijSsv, aXX' ov (iXaipei ye fityaXiog. Galen. Morb. Acut. Comm. ii. 20 (xv. 5 2 0 ) : oi vytaivovTSQ /uaXXov. IKGVWC

^ r r o v ¡3Xa7TTOVTai, oI

Galen. D e Y e n . Sect. 7 ovS'

fiXcnrrovTai w^eXijite

piv

Galen. Comp. Med. vi. 7 (xii. 983):

sflXaipE 0 ovSiv.

ovSe j3Xaipai piya

voaovvTeg (xi. 1 7 4 ) :

weXfiaai.

§ HI. crvvixeoOai. The

healing

of Simon's

*irvp£Tog wife's

pi'yap.

mother.—Luke,

iv. 3 8 ,

39:

And Simon's wife's mother was taken ((Twex°f*evv) with a great fever (wvpeTcj) fieyaXy); and they besought him for her. And he stood over her, and rebuked the fever; and it left her: and immediately she arose and ministered unto them. AKT I.

Kal vvtrrayfiov Kal citprig irXi'ipstg. Hipp. Morb. 487 : odvvt] anaoav Trjv k«paXijV fiaXtara 2E otti) arair} r\ Xeyfiaair\ Kal ra ovara r)x>IC irXr'ipea yivsrat. Hipp. Intern. Affect. 541 : al Se 6aoaoa

Trvperuv o^vrriTt. H

Hipp. Eat.

irpooavakicTKUv.

TOV O^eog

[PART I.

wpoaavaXinTai. u

St Kal

po\9r]povg

irnaog

o

%ypovg

r)

7rpoaavaX(I)drjvai

TY TWV

Galen. Morb. Acut. Secund. Hipp. 4

rig

irepl

TrpoaavaXwOdarig

Tijv

aKfiTjv

Trig dv

oAotrxspevTepag

airatru

va/xewg.

i^,ava\icFKtiv and KaravaXioKuv medical writers (a).

are also thus used in the

§ XIV. OcpaTTtia.

Luke, ix. 11 : And the people, when they knew it, followed h i m : and he received them and spake unto them of the kingdom of Grod, and healed them that had need of healing (joiig xptiav (\0VTag Ospamiag laro). Ocpaneia, in this sense, is used by St. Luke only, and once in Rev. xxii. 2. I t was the usual word in the medical writers for " medical treatment," &c. Hipp. Morb. Acut. 399 : rovg ci ¿Kara0r}aav). And he leaping up (i^aXXofievog) stood and icallicd, and entered with them into the temple, walking, and leaping, and praising God. * (3«trie peculiar to St. Luke. The words employed to describe the seat of the lameness tend to show that the writer

$ XXIII.]

T H E MEDICAL LANGUAGE OF ST. LUKE.

35

was acquainted with medical phraseology, and had investigated the nature of the disease under which the man suffered. flams is thus described by Galen. Usus Part. iii. 6 (iii. 195) : TO

VWOKUFXIVOV Trj KVL'lfXri fdpOQ TOV 1TO$bg,

tTriictiTai

tear' ev6v,

TOIOVTOV,

olov

Tpitjjv

tea). Tapaog

OOTwv bvofiara

crvvi'idwg

TOig

avaTOfiiKuv

cv \ctpl

Iipyava.

ra

oXov

7roSwv, tv plv bvopa X>VK e'x ei ' avyKUTai cT IK

Kal neSiov, Tpirov

Se TOV (TKafonSovg,

OVTU) TsOivTog-

aXXa

Hipp. Artie. 8 2 4 :

fiiv

aKpc(3wg

(3ae (5aaXov

avrov.

* aijivpa, the technical term for the ankles, thus defined by Galen. Medicus 10 (xiv. 7 0 8 ) : ru SI iripara TCIV rfig Kvijfir\c ¿(Trail; clg TE TO eVSOV fxepog Kal eig TO e£cu E^E^ovra, ^vvcaraXpivat. Dioscor. Med. Parab. li. 6 3 : 6c av 4/cavwe o oyKog avQei 07rr XSTTTI^ TtpoaruXai, orav Si cnroiriay 17 l\ovTui, &C.

I XXXIII.]

THE MEDICAL LANGUAGE Of ST. LUKE.

49

Hipp. Praedic. 79 : fic rrjv avpiov tiopwaavTa, KaTEV£\Olvra. Hipp. Epid. 1155 : iraXiv È T T E T E Ì V E T O T(F> 7rvperijj KUI Karerpépiro KOÌ avavSog >)V. Hipp. Epid. 1137 : OVTOI Kw/uarwSeec KAL iv roTaiv virvoiaiv KARAPEPÓFIEVOI. Hipp. Epid. 1085 : a'ÀÀ' aXXy TIVI Kara r o i c irvpiTolt;

§ xxxv.]

THE MEDICAL LANGUAGE OF ST. LUKE.

fij) XvdiVTOQ TOV irvpcTOv /lavrivat aifia

iover rj Svtrsvreplri

Si Kai irvptTOQ rj cvaevTipu/. rcpiai

%vv TrvpeTqi fiiv

Otpeoc

Svtrevrepiai

Trvptroi. riplti

re

avaytci),

iTrtytvo/iivrt-

Aitti

Ik rwv

avsv

oSvvt]ceyeuero

H i p p . A e r . 2 8 3 : TOV yap

TTOXXat Ifnr'mTovaiv Hipp. kat

icai Siappoiat

Epid.

1207:

o

TOV Oeptog nvptTovg

yivtadai. TiXtvTa. SvmvTtpiac. aXiaKtoQai

'EpiaToAaou

Trvptroc S'X 6 , O^UQ Kal OSe. H i p p . R a t . V i c . 5 4 1 :

vcTai.

vópcvov.

(¡ivovTat.

tpvovrat—at Sivircp al

Hipp. Affect. 517 : pcv

TroXvirog

ocra ¿7rò rijc KCtpaXijg

D i o s c o r . M a t . M e d . i. 6 : vapSog 14:

ap.wp.ov

1 1 9 : pàpvog

Si

vovaot

caßat.

tpvcTai.

116:

Mupiicrj

(frvópcvog.

For the use of LN/XAC and QVCADAI together, see Hipp. Morb. 498, in which he compares the juices of the body with those of the earth : i7rr)v òì tpàyy rj irirj ò avOpwirog, CXKCI TO aio pa eg civ uro CK Ttjg KOtXhig rijc hpaSog nnyai TÌJV

2Xkou(t 1 Sta TQÌV Xcßwv ano

ò/xohiv,

CXKCI

yil ìv airy

ano

Kai SiaSiSiotrt

rtiQ yric ri

cwvry (piicTai,

Svvàpiag näaiv

rijc clptjpcvtjg,

ri/c koiXi'ijc, ij

Ttji auipaTt,

wcnrep

ójuonj tKpàg tjjv Ó/uoi'jjv. navrotag fapaSa

ópoitiv

ÌKpàg

tiri twv VTÜ>v T\U

kai àvapidpovg,

irapcxc

Ójuoui

K ai at

yàp

wSe ri

ÒKoaa yàp

CKaorw.

cv

otov KAI

§ XXXVII.]

a v r ò r ò VÓ/xevov

aim¡J

iKaaTOV ¿7TÒ TJJC póSov

SXKEC

Svvafiei

OVTWC ÒTTY

£

Kal TO aKopoSov

'X£V>

BXKCI

Bvvàftei

èyévero

EXH>

7ToAA(j) irXéwv

tXaacrwv

TOV Kaipov,

tari,

CKCIVO

VOffhl

irapiyei

iravra

rà

el yap

VTOV.

avaiverai.

rjv '¿XKU Kara

avrò

iKfiaSa

ofioia

ÌKFIÀE:

yàp

Kal

yijg

Kal raXXa

r à (pvófitva

TO Ti

nep

¡¡Kacrrov.

¿XKCI

Kal

ólóv

¿7rò rijg

lari,

¿ F TIG yy

Séovroc

iKfxàg TTJ) ,

^vyyevèg

rotavrqv

ek TRIG yt\g KaO' SWVTO

Sè TO)V (pvofiivoiv

Svvairo.

Karà

-yije ìic/iaSa

Trep Kal avrò

SXKSI

òfioii\v

TpOSy av

jUIJ ivy fiXaaTrjcrai

O T I , el fir) 'é%ei I K / x a S a Kara

vmv

tò «pvTÒv oìi (òXatrravBt, &c., &c. See also Nat. Puer. 242, 243, where iKfxàg and c wad 9po/x(3oi aifiarog) on his human frame of the inner anguish of our Lord. Luke, xxii. 4 1 - 4 6 : " And he was withdrawn from them about a stone's cast, and kneeled down, and prayed, saying, Father, if thou be willing, remove this cup from me : nevertheless not my will, but thine be done. And there appeared an angel unto him from heaven, strengthening him (ivtaxiwv avrbv). And being in an agony (iv aywvta), he prayed more earnestly: and his sweat (o ISpwQ avrov) was as it were great drops of blood (wrrei Opo/ufioi alfiarog) falling down (tear a (3 a ivovrts) to the ground. And when he rose up from prayer, and was come to his disciples, he found them sleeping for sorrow (airo rrje Avmje), and said unto them, W h y sleep ye? rise and pray, lest ye enter into temptation." * harxvHv. With respect to this word, it is remarkable that, outside the L X X . , its use in the transitive sense, " to

T H E MEDICAL LANGUAGE OF ST. L U K E .

i I-VI.]

81

strengthen," is confined to Hippocrates and St. Luke. All other writers who employ it do so in the intransitive sense, " t o prevail," " b e strong." Hippocrates uses the simple form iaxvtiv also in the same sense, " t o impart physical strength." Travra,

Hipp. Lex,

wc; rpafijvai

Xpijadat,

otvov

Xeirròv,

vSapéa'

XiJ(',J"i'

ravra

tinaxvau

Hipp. Affect. 526 :

TtXttug.

rjv p.tv viràyttv

yXvKW

2 : ó Sì

Kai r?jv

WéXyg rrjv KoiXiav rjv oè

rj fitX'iKpaTov'

r) ytvu—¿701 viae fitvToi Kai TI rijv àÀ-yjjoóva. Galen. Meth. Med. xii. 5

(x. 8 4 1 ) : Kat Xwrat Se Kai àyuviai

Kai Ov/uóì Kai (ppovriSeg,

01(f) rpÓTTif) Kai ai TrXtiovQ àypvnviai

fÒXawTovm naTaXiiovaai

tv rfjv

Èv /lèv Sri TOVTOIQ airaaiv avrrj KtavTrjv ri \PV\FI KivHTat. Graien. Progn. ex Puis. i. 1 (ix. 219) : Kai rtjv t O I V apTripiójv KÌVTJy£

kal

a/ia

ai/uaroQ

Opo/ufiovQ

83

Hipp.

aTrofiiitrar/.

Morb. 4 8 3 : Kal firiaaEi afxa otaXty Opo/ifiovQ (Ufiarog. Hipp. Intern. Affect. 531 : eiriira Opo/ifiovg alfxaTOt; hcfipaooiTai Kar oXlyov Kal dafiiva. Hipp. Ulcer. 881: Kal dpofifiov Dioscorides, Mat. Med. 101: ai/iarog iv TOLCJ -¡(aajioim fn) lav6po/x(5ovg aifxarog SiaXvu aiiv o%ei TroOttcra• Dioscor. Mat. Med. iii. 38 : ai/iaTog Opo/ufiove SiaXvei. Galen. Temperament. Medic, vii. (xiii. 824) : koi 0po/xj3ovg a't/uarog tt)kuv TttiriaTiVTai. Galen. Medicus 13 (xiv. 750) : Sia Opopfiov aifiarog

cnroicXiLOVTa

rrjv

SioSov.

Aristotle mentions " a bloody sweat," arising from the blood being in a poor condition. De Part. Animal, iii. 5 : ySij

Se TMTIV iBpHxrai TOV /uev

¡Ztav, alfiarog

(pXtfiioig

crvvef3T) ai/uaraiSei

rrui/iarog

i^vypavOevTog dep/ioTifToc

Si

l)(wpoeiSig

Kal

aweipiav,

ireaauv,

mal. iii. 19 : (atjuaroe) rai yap

pvaSog Si

TOV Se

yivofiivov,

TI\g iv TOIQ

aSvvarovtrrig

oAi-yortjra.

i^vypaivo/itvov

Kal SioppovTai

Sia KA%E-

irepirrtiijuari

fxavov

And Hist. Anivoaovaiv,

yive-

o u r w c S o t e tjSjj Tiveg

Si Xiav

ISicrav

al/iarwSr) tSpwra. And Theophrastus, De Sudor. 11, mentions a physician who compared a species of sweat to blood : ¿7m, KOI XeTTTOTtfg Tig Kai Tra\VTrig woXaiog

Kal jrpwTog

fiaXXov

fiapvrepog,

Tivtg

(¡>aal Kal aifiari

e o t u ' iv TOig top Wfflj O jU£V yap

vSarwSr/g woTrep tiKaaai,

o Sk ek

Tig Kal Xewrog, (TwrrjKOfiivrig KaOairep

Ttjg

Movag

aapKog,

eXeyev

6

£7Tifiadovg

vSi

Si

iarpog.

The particular word Karafiaiveiv, employed by St. Luke to describe the falling down of the sweat, was applied by the medical writers to the descent of humours, &c., from the upper to the lower parts of the body. Hipp. Nat. Puer. 241: T(jj i>ypaXfiG KaTafiaivovrai. Hipp. Morb. 450 : TO SE (pXty/xa ¿7ro rije Kt yvvij Svuâvtoç ÈK X V T T T I Ç jutrà Trpotpâmoç opOocrTaSi)v iykviTO aypvirvoç TE icaî a a r r o ç K a î SiipwSriç, K a î àawSijç. In this instance we have Xinrri producing sleeplessness, which we may assume to have been the case of the disciples up to the point of their being worn out by this want of sleep and anxiety. Hipp. Epid. 1115: Trvptrbç (ppiKwciriç, i&ç, ¡K X V T T T I Ç ïXafiev. Galen. Comm. i., Nat. Horn. ii. (xv. 114) : wâtrt roiç i^wOev alriotç, waircp ys Kai VTTO àypvwviaç Kai voaovç âyovTui. Galen. Comm. ii. 28, Humor, (xvi. 309) : ravTO TOÏITO yivcaOai avpfiaivei ov /xovov ëià Xi/uov Kai tvêciav Tporjç Kai àypvirviav àXXà K al—XVTT tjv cr(j>o$pâv. Galen. De Opt. Const. Corp. 3 (iv. 743) : ai fiXâfiai TO7Ç iTwfiaatv fifiûv ai fiïv ànb TWV Î^wOtv alrtwv—Èv TOVTQ Se ra» yévei Kai KOTTOVÇ K al Xvwaç K al âypvTTvlaç Kai vypûv OVK à(j>aipurai KaQâ7r£p tir' aypvirviaç Kai Xinrriç Kai (ppovTiStiç. Galen. Loc. Affect, iii. 10 (viii. 193) : roiavTii psXay\oXîa hriylyvtTai Sà Kaî AVvrig ol fiaadol yvvrj

opolkig

rrjg KVKXaplvov

tyicvoc; rj yevat]rai

D i s s e e . 2 (ii. 8 8 9 ) : ¡ueyadog ar)g fxtt^wv Se 17 rijg

yvvalKa.

Kvei,

evxpovg

Dioscorides, Medic. Parab. ii.

KAI rr/v KaXov/uevr/v iroav

yvvrj eav vrrepjiy

yvvrj

ovoa/ua

eKrirpwaKei.

•nroXv yap

eXarrw

eyKVog

eicri-

laropovaiv

on

Gralen. XJter. /uev r) rijg

Kvriaa-

eyKvov.

H i p p . A p h . 1 2 5 4 : ¿Koaoi ev yaarpl—yvvr/

ev yaarpl

t\ovmv—g upiyrai, cntapyavwOtvTa yaXaicri TS xpiioQw Tporj. Gralen. Caus. Morb. 7 (vii. 27) : Stvrepa St, fj rt Kara TTji» aTTOKvriaiv avTr/v Kav rtj) cnrapyavovaQai irXijpptXtia. Gralen. Caus. Morb. 7 (vii. 2 7 ) : OVK opOwg tvtiXirrovirüv rt Totg UTTapyavoig. Gralen. Caus. Morb. 7 (vii. 27) : TV TS T^ yaXa waptytiv Kai tv r(j> Xoiisiv Kal cnrapyavovv- Hipp. Fract. 776 : fixnrep ra iraioia tv rycri KOiryai UTrapyavovTai. Hipp. Aer. 292 : poiKa Si ytverai Ta owpara Kai wXarta irpwrov piv OTI ov airapyavovvrai wairsp 6v ' AIYVTTTQ. Dioscor. Met. Med. iii. 33 : •\jy?i St iJTEVtj) awapyavoj avartXXtLv16. "And they came with haste, and found (avtvpov) Mary, and Joseph, and the babe lying in a manger." * avtvpivKtiv, peculiar to St. Luke, occurs again, Act!, xx. 4, and is employed by the medical writers of finding out the seat of a disease. Hipp. Aphoron. 6 7 8 : N)V vovaov avtvpwv fjv '¿xoviTiv at pi)rpai. Hipp. Loc. in Horn. 4 2 2 : IriTpiKrj Sri poi SoKtsi r'/oi] avtvptjuOai öXr). Hipp. Artie. 806 : sTrei TWV yayyXiwStwv ivia oaa av 7rXaSapa ty kcu pv^wSta

[PART 11.

T H E MEDICAL LANGUAGE OF ST. LUKE.

100

aaptca t\rt TTOXXOI arofiovcnv oló/uevoi ptv/ia avivpvjauv. Hipp. Yuln. Cap. 904 : Trpo(ré\ovTa ròv vóov àvevpiaKCiv ori irtirovOe TO òorcov. Hipp. Epid. 1184 : àvtvpiaKU 77 vv ùprì/iévuv Caus. Puis. i. 7 (ix. 24) : ov xa^e7r°"

Gralen. De Dieb. Deeretor. ii. (ix. 885) :

àvtvpio-Kuv. Siopuìg

Se KCIÌ ravra

rà

fiìv

avrbg

àiró

npoa-

otjjUeìwv,

rivwv

OIOV

Kpacrewg, Wovg icaì rjXiKiag àvevpiaKSiv, 'èvia Sì icaì TOV voaovvTog avairvvQavofxtvog, Gralen. TJsus Part. ii. 7 (iii. 117) : àii£vpi(TK£iV) iìXr](pÓTag t}St) TOuavrag

ov \aXtnòv tvpéaEwg• àvivpev

Gralen. Antidot. ii. 1 (xiv. 2) : È7TÌ V Kavaov AR\fiaiv6vrwv. Hipp. Coac. Progn. 202 : ai TOiavrat inroarpotpai rrjai TrXelirrrjrn ytvo/icvai FIERA ri)v AIWQ KTUVOVVI. Hipp. Coac. Progn. 2 0 9 : ovpov iv TrvptTto Aevki7V ' ¿ X ° V ¡cat Xt'irjv uTiorrraaiv iSpvfiivriv raxtiav acpimv crri/uaivei. Hipp. Progn. 40 : arpicriv r/jf (pvai)Q Troir]ai)Tai. Hipp. Morb. 4 8 9 : ri)g Se atytaiog ravra navra ri yXwava atymtvii. Aretaeus, Sign. Morb. Diutur. 69 : aiaisg RWV vypiov afiovXrirot. Aret. Cur. Acut. Morb. 83 : KE^aXjj Se ^wpog fiiv alaOrimog Kai vevpwv atytaioq. Aret. Cur. Morb. Diuturn. 133 : ig virvov a^emg. Aret. Cur. Morb. Diuturn. 138 : apaiai cs Kai iiaXOaKal oaptceg priitrrai 7rpog aiptuiv rov vocrrifjiarog. Aret. Sign. Morb. Diuturn. 75 : TTtiyvv/xivov rov vypov airtivieg at atpeatsg. 14. " And he said unto them, do violence to no m a n " [f2t]Siva Siaaeiaiire). * Statrsisiv is peculiar to St. Luke, and a medical term for shaking with some degeee of force. *Karaadsiv and avamittv, used by St. Luke, were also medical terms. * Siaiructv. Hipp. Morb. 4 8 8 : jurjS' t/xirvov iovra Staaeiovra ytvtixTKCtv. Hipp. Morb. 453 : oire yap ciatreirravra Irrriv elSevai, yivdjcrKtrai SE /xaXitrra nj oSiivy tvOa ty. Hipp. Aphoron. 6 7 9 : E7r?)v SI kAvrrgg, avaarriaag, iripatvai KtXivuv OKUig TO KXVpiov

ioTW—£K

av

TOUTtojv

—ravra fitvTOt viroKarafÒrivai

e^iOvvQijvai—

eitcog

Karaatitiv

paXiara

av

OVT'ITVwov KaTaaeiaOehj

Séoi èv

«XipaKi

Galen. San. Tuend. iii. 13 (vi. 231) : wc rà

aiTia

raìg

Kivr/asat

òpOiaig

KaraaeioOh'TII.

Galen. Alimen. Faeul. i. 1 (vi. 465) :

òXiaOaivei

KaraaeiecrOai

KaTaKtipevog.

paXXov

T) e'i Tig

àrpepriaei

Caus. Sympt. iii. 5 (vii. 236) : fiivToi

òpOHjg

Tig

av

sì iravTwg

Troieria

ÌTÙ

paXXov

OKOV Karaaeleig,

iva

KaraaKEVwv

TOiOVTOrpóirwg

KaTaaeioOrivai.

Tig tOtXei

ovv

5)Se aKeva^oi—TO

paXXou

TOVTOIOIV

vj3topa

ye àvaSomv

èpyatracr&ai

Siare irpò

yàp

pìv

KaTaatìaai

TOV Kaipov,

èv T/{>

Galen. avrà, pi)

arvpfiaivei

yap

tv Tate Karaaeiaeaiv. Luke, xxiii. 5 : " And they were the more fierce, saying, He stirreth up (avaaeiei) the people." This word is also used by St. Mark, xv. 11 : it is not so frequent in the medical writers as the two preceding, and is used of similar operations. Galen. Muse. Anat. (xviii. B. 999) : SvvavTat Si airavreg TI TOIOVTOV

àvaaeieiv,

oi

irpoeipr)p.ivoi

avaaeieiv àvaaeiea6ai à£ioì.

pveg

Kivi'toeig.

wapiyeiv

Kaì rag

Se TOV TOV Kapvovrog

Sipov

Hipp. Exect. Foet. 914:

VTroaTopéoaoav èv TOVTIF)

iv

RQJ Siatreleiv

TE KCU

Galen. Comm. i. 14, Artie, (xviii. A. 14) :

àvaicXivat

Se T6iig

Do. vi. 6 (930): 7-fje ottwq av WeXyc

KAI CTUVE^OJC

(friarl

arvTrrqpifig

Do. (939):

irpoariOtpivwv.

KCKavfiivwv—prj

TrpooOaig

TrpoiTTiBifxevog.

aXXaiv

Sc TrpotrriOsitrtic—twv

pr^Sl avrog

tSu Se

irpoudiivaL

to KSKavptvov.

D o . vii.

4 (xiil. 81): fiiXiTOs ovSev oXw? avrij) irpoaidriKev 6 avvQtig. Do. viii. 6 (194): TrpotTriQirai t Xo7raSi(j>. 101 :

vcrripiKac

tuv

131:

(rriXXei.

1 3 4 : TO airtppa Kal alpoppayiav poiKatg

1 0 4 : tpfipva

irpoardhfAvi].

1 1 6 : ri utto

yvvai^iv.

npOOTldtlQ

ffllV

ZiiXwv ivtoi

reippa

rtj

77:

pnrpq.

Kal wpoareOiv

7rpo

7TapaxQVfia (v. 39, § 57).

17. " And when he had opened (avairTv'^ag) the book, he found the place where it was written. The Spirit of the Lord is upon me." 20. " And he closed (-rrrv^ag) the book." * avairrvoauv and *irTvpevag. Hipp. Intern. Affect. 558: TO

Oy Trpog

Kai avairTvaarerai TO

riirap

Trpog

avcnrTvyri

rag

wpog

typivag rag

vno

(pptvag

TOV

avaTTTv^' nwap

olciii

olSri/IATOG—okotciv

napatppovtei.

Hipp.

Pistul. 885 : avairTvaaoptvn ri crvpiyZ O'VTE iraXiv ^vpniaoi. Dioscor. Animal. Yen. 26 : 17 pvyaXij avanTvacropivrj KO! tTriTiOefiivt) rF/e ISiag irXiiyTig avTiap/j.aicov sort. Dioscor. Animal. Yen. 25 : avTO~i avaTrrvyJiLvrtg Kai tiriTiOiVTtg Tolg Tpavpaai Tag ISiag luivrai JrArjyag. Galen. Anat. vi. 13 (ii. 581):

£/c Ttjg

TOV

i'£aXog. Hipp. Morb. 467 : Kat irveiipaTog ipir'nrXaTai. Hipp. Morb. 472 : iTtpog irdiXvwog. ¿PTTLTTXCITCII f/ pig Kpiam. Galen. Comm. ii. 3, Aliment, (xv. 2 3 4 ) : orav TO RIIRAP stij i/nrtTi-Xrjijpivov—ip.TriirXr)ap.ivov Sc ui] TO airXayxyov. Gralen. Comm. iii. 2, Morb. Acut. (xv. 6 3 6 ) : oi yap laxvpot g OepfxaivovTeg I/xirnrXaai TI)V KiaXr}v flivTOL

T H E MEDICAL LANGUAGE OP ST. L U K E .

112

[PART II.

Comp. Med. vi. 9 (xii. 990): avv iXatq tKfxaaai SoktvX^ Toirovg. Galen. Comp. Med. vi. 9 (xii. 991): tKfiaaawv ra TraptaO/Ma Kai rrjv virepwav. Galen. Remed. Parab. i. 3 (xiv.331): aXXa Kai Sia pr/XwriSog TrspiKelfitvov i\ovar)C tptov TOVQ

paXaKov

tKfxaaauv.

¿7TOXOVUV,

Xovtrai

rag

Acts, xxii. 16 : "

thy sins" (¿7ro-

Wash away

a/iapriag).

Acts, xvi. 33 : " And he took them the same hour of the night, and ivashed their stripes" (iXovaev airo rwv 7rXrjywv: sc. fo alfia, washed the blood from off their stripes; compare Galen. Comp. Med. iii. 2 (xiii. 580): TO alpa row Xovuv,

TCTpw/xivov

fxtpovQ

aTroirXvval).

Hipp. Nat. Mul. 571: alytipov KPIJTTKOV KOKKOvg evvia Iv oi'vif) StSovai irivnv, TOVTU^ Of Kai airoXovaaaQai rjv SvtTTOKey. Hipp. Aph. 1260 : oSvvag 0 , àvaaràg ÌK TOV K A Ì V I S / O U ÒTT^'H TOT e iavrov Trovi Sia ri}? iróXtwc; olnaSc vyuic. Plutarch. Coriolan. : Kal TOO (TwfiaTog a(j>V(t) wapeOivTOe ¿(cparjjc yiviadai. ravra iv KAiviSlip (j>opaSì)v KO/IKTOÙQ tic rrjv KartKtifirivamOi GOV ÈTTI TO KXivapiov' § LXII. L u k e ,

* Stavvurepevetv.

*

a7raiTuv.

Y I .

* cnreXiriZetv.

TIS^UV.

iraparrìpuv (verse 7, § 72). èvo\XtÌv (v. 18, § 7). spirÌTrXripL (V. 25, § 60). *nXrìppvpa (v. 48, § 36). *vpoapiyvvpi (v. 48, § 36). *prnpa (v. 49, § 36). * avpit'nrTtiv (v. 49, § 36). 12. " A n d it came to pass in those days, that he went out into a mountain to pray, and continued all night {r\v ciavvKTtptvwv) in prayer to Grod." * SiavvKreptvHv. Peculiar to St. Luke. SiavvKTspevtiv, tvvvKTtpsiieiv, and wKTtptvttv were all used in medical language. Galen. Comp. Med. ii. 3 (xii. 840) : ptrà Sì rrjv TOV V/uévog à(J>aipe.aiv èiridécrei ra'iviSiov KO V(J> IRIE&V/ISVOG FMIXOAAATTIN. Hipp. Morb. Mul. 641 : 61/ rot caKTvXtf). Hipp. Progn. 38 : 0K0cra oitirj/xara ¡xaXOana re Kat avwOvva Kat rtj! OaKTvXt^ meZo/ueva VTTHKU. Hipp. Morb. 504: Kal Trie^ev/uivivv TWV Xifiiov vwo rrjg IRXT)9wpi]g. Hipp. Morb. Mul. 600 : airoyivtTai Kal ovrwg TO iraiSiov TRICZEVFIEVOV WTO TRIG KOIXIIIG. Aretaeus, Sign. Acut. Morb. 25 : ARFIVYNOL GFIIKPOL, IRVKVOTAROI OKOIOV te TTITUEIJFJITVOI. Galen. Comm. ii. 3, Progn. (xviii. B . 118): TO Sepua irav olSaXeov re yiverai Kai H iriitraiQ avro r

[pakt II.

SOKTVA(j>

TTIV

Galen. Comm. ii. 30, Offic. (xviii. B .

TOV aXXiiov.

8 0 8 ) : £t TtitaavTiQ TO Sep/xa ri)v sv

THJV j(eiXwv

\wpav

nXiipov/xev.

F.LOTOIG

§ LXIII. Luke, * SiaXtiirsiv. Staawgciv

(verse 3, § 9 8 ) .