The Makings of Indonesian Islam: Orientalism and the Narration of a Sufi Past [Core Textbook ed.] 9781400839995

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The Makings of Indonesian Islam

Princeton Studies in Muslim Politics Dale F. Eickelman and Augustus Richard Norton, editors A list of titles in this series can be found at the back of the book.

The Makings of Indonesian Islam Orientalism and the Narration of a Sufi Past Michael Laffan

princeton university press princeton and oxford

Copyright © 2011 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 6 Oxford Street, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1TW press.princeton.edu Jacket art: “Hadji Baok,” as drawn by Muhammad Yasin of Lombok, ca. 1900. LOr. 18097s1. Reproduced by permission from Leiden University Library. All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Laffan, Michael Francis, 1969–   The makings of Indonesian Islam : orientalism and the narration of a Sufi past / Michael Laffan.    p. cm. — (Princeton studies in Muslim politics)   Includes index.   ISBN 978-0-691-14530-3 (cloth : alk. paper)  1.   Sufism—Indonesia—History.  2.  Islam—Indonesia—History.  I. Title.   BP188.8.I5L34 2011   297.409598—dc22    2010053108 British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available This book has been composed in Adobe Carlson Pro Printed on acid-free paper ∞ Printed in the United States of America 10  9  8  7  6  5  4  3  2  1

For Mum and Dad

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Contents

List of Illustrations

ix

Preface

xi

Acknowledgments

xv

Abbreviations and Archival Referents

Part One Inspiration, Rememoration, Reform

Chapter One Remembering Islamization, 1300–1750

xvii 1 3

Chapter Two Embracing a New Curriculum, 1750–1800

25

Chapter Three Reform and the Widening Muslim Sphere, 1800–1890

40

Part Two Power in Quest of Knowledge

65

Chapter Four Foundational Visions of Indies Islam, 1600–1800

67

Chapter Five New Regimes of Knowledge, 1800–1865

85

Chapter Six Seeking the Counterweight Church, 1837–1889

101

Part Three Orientalism Engaged

123

Chapter Seven Distant Musings on a Crucial Colony, 1882–1888

125

Chapter Eight Collaborative Encounters, 1889–1892

147

Chapter Nine Shadow Muftis, Christian Modern, 1892–1906

162

Part Four Sufi Pasts, Modern Futures

175

Chapter Ten From Sufism to Salafism, 1905–1911

177

viii  • Contents

Chapter Eleven Advisors to Indonesië, 1906–1919

190

Chapter Twelve Hardenings and Partings, 1919–1942

209

Conclusion

233

Glossary

237

Notes

243

Index

287

Illustrations

Frontispiece.  “Hadji Baok,” as drawn by Muhammad Yasin of Lombok, ca. 1900 Figure 1.  Southeast Asia’s Malay Hubs, ca.1200–1600 Figure 2.  Sharh umm al-barahin, MS ca. nineteenth century Figure 3.  Archipelagic Islam, 1600–1900 Figure 4.  Imam Bonjol, ca. 1848 Figure 5. Royal Procession to the Mosque of Ternate for