Table of contents : Cover......Page 1 Half Title......Page 2 Title......Page 4 Copyright......Page 5 Contents......Page 6 Contributors......Page 10 Preface......Page 14 Glossary......Page 16 PART ONE Introduction......Page 30 1 The approach to maintenance......Page 32 2 Bricks......Page 46 3 Natural stonework......Page 50 4 Mortar......Page 54 PART TWO Inspection, investigation and assessment......Page 62 5 Inspection and recording......Page 64 6 The experimental investigation of defects......Page 92 7 Assessment of the load carrying capacity of arch bridges......Page 110 PART THREE Deterioration: causes, characteristics and countermeasures......Page 144 8 Deterioration of materials......Page 146 9 Defects originating in the ground......Page 170 10 Defects due to wear and tear......Page 186 11 Defects due to water......Page 212 12 Defects due to human actions and accidents......Page 226 13 Defects due to vegetation......Page 246 PART FOUR Remedial techniques......Page 250 14 Mechanical (or pressure) pointing......Page 252 15 Grouting......Page 258 16 Sprayed concrete......Page 268 17 Mini pile underpinning......Page 282 18 Stitching......Page 292 19 Ground anchors......Page 300 20 Waterproofing......Page 312 PART FIVE Special types of structure......Page 320 21 Tunnels......Page 322 22 Sewers and culverts......Page 350 23 Structures in maritime locations......Page 366 24 Dry stone walls......Page 378 25 Structures of historic interest......Page 390 26 CODA......Page 394 Index......Page 398