The Kosciuszko Foundation Dictionary: Vol. 2 Polish-English [2nd printing. Reprint 2020 ed.] 9783112319314, 9783112308134

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THE

KOSCIUSZKO

FOUNDATION

II

DICTIONARY

POLAND'S MILLENNIUM

SERIES

OF

THE K O S C I U S Z K O

FOUNDATION

THE KOSCIUSZKO

FOUNDATION

DICTIONARY

ENGLISH-POLISH * POLISH-ENGLISH

VOLUME

II

POLISH-ENGLISH BY

KAZIMIERZ

BULAS,

L A W R E N C E L. T H O M A S ANP

F R A N C I S J. W H I T F I E L D

Second

printing

1964

M O U T O N & CO. LONDON

THE H A G U E

PARIS

© C O P Y R I G H T 1961 BY T H E KOSCIUSZKO F O U N D A T I O N ALL R I G H T S RESERVED N O PART O F THIS BOOK MAY BE R E P R O D U C E D I N ANY F O R M , BY PRINT, PHOTOPRINT, MICROFILM, OR ANY OTHER MEANS, W I T H O U T W R I T T E N PERMISSION

First printing 1961

PRINTED IN T H E NETHERLANDS

PREFACE

This volume completes the Kosciuszko Foundation Dictionary, the EnglishPolish part of which first appeared two years ago. We who are associated with the sponsoring Foundation are proud of the contribution that it has been able to make toward bringing this undertaking to fruition, just as we are gratified by the very favorable reception that the first volume has met both in Poland and America. We consider it particularly fitting, in the best tradition that the Foundation attempts to serve, that this work of collaboration between Polish and American scholarship - represented by Dr Kazimierz Bulas, formerly docent at the Jagiellonian University of Krakow, then professor at the Nicholas Copernicus University of Torun, and now at the Rice University Library in Houston, Texas; Professor Francis J. Whitfield, of the University of California, Berkeley; and, in Volume II, by Professor Lawrence L. Thomas, also of the University of California, Berkeley should be the cornerstone of the Foundation's Millennium Series, offered in celebration of Poland's thousand years of recorded history as a Christian nation. STEPHEN P . M I Z W A

President, The Kosciuszko Foundation New York

FOREWORD

This second volume of the Kosciuszko Foundation Dictionary is not a simple "reversal" of the first volume. To a significantly high degree it is an independent work, although the two parts are complementary. Its somewhat smaller size is explained by the absence of English dialect and slang, of words restricted to Scottish, Australian, South African, Indian, and other usages, and of peculiarly British or peculiarly American expressions replaceable by equivalents used on both sides of the Atlantic. The greatest difficulty faced in the preparation of this volume arose from the lack of a modern Polish dictionary. The Slownik jqzykapolskiego of Karlowicz, Krynski, and Niedzwiedzki (Slownik warszawski) is, of course, obsolete and inadequate. The dictionary edited by Tadeusz Lehr-Splawinski is over twenty years old, and, because of the interruption of the Second World War, scarcely a quarter of it appeared in print. The Polish Academy Dictionary under the editorship of Witold Doroszewski has reached only as far as the letter "K". Under these circumstances, much of the material in the present volume has had to be independently collected. The vocabulary is in principle restricted to twentieth-century standard Polish, with the addition of some older words (e.g. "puf", "patarafka", "profitka") still known to living speakers, and even of archaisms, such as "niewiasta" or "bialoglowa", that are used sometimes for humorous effect. Not included, on the other hand, are provincialisms infrequently encountered in print, many special technical terms (particularly those pertaining to obsolete or obsolescent crafts), the majority of augmentatives and diminutives (e.g. malusienki, maciupenki, etc.), many rare words of Greek or Latin origin for which corresponding borrowings are found in English, and a large number of German loan words that occur only in substandard Polish. Such labels as dawniej, archaiczne, przestarzale (obsolete), and prowincjonalne have been used with caution - many a word so condemned out of existence has turned out to display considerable vitality in the year 1960, and, moreover, in Poland itself. We have assumed that non-Polish users of the dictionary will be reasonably familiar with the general structure of Polish grammar, and grammatical commentary has been restricted to the absolute minimum. Except for personal names and nouns found only in the plural, the gender of each noun is indicated, with masculine nouns subclassified according to inflexion as ma (animate - including all masculine

VIII

nouns with G s. and A s. alike and N pi. and A pi. alike), mi (inanimate), and mp (personal). Nouns found only in the plural are labeled pi. and the genitive is invariably given. Nouns whose stems alternate between forms with and without -(i)e- are marked with an asterisk (e.g. ksiqzka, G pi. ksiqzek; skazaniec, G s. skazanca, etc.); other stem alternations are reported explicitly (e.g. karp -pi-, dqb -gb-, dowod -od-). Declensional irregularities (and, occasionally even some regularities) are noted except for compound nouns (thus, for the declension of arcyksiqz^, refer to ksiqzq). Endings are identified by case and number only where there might be risk of ambiguity, and it has not been considered necessary to label such frequently given endings as -a (G s., recorded when found with inanimate nouns), -owie (N-V pi., recorded for personal nouns except proper names and the many nouns in -olog which have N pi. -ogowie or -odzy), or -i, -y (G pi. of some soft-stem masculine nouns; N-V pi., without stem-change, of some hard-stem personal nouns). Where both singular and plural endings are given, they are separated by a semicolon. Simple comparative forms (e.g. starszy, lepszy, pigkniejszy) are given with the positive degree of the adjective. Some comparative and superlative forms with special meanings are separately entered. Unless they require individual definitions, imperfective and perfective verbs are normally given together whenever possible without violation of alphabetic order (e.g. domierz~ac, ~yc\ donaj~qc, ~mowac; dopelni(a)c). A perfective verb appearing alone (e.g. dojesc) is regularly followed immediately by a reference to the corresponding imperfective verb, under which both imperfective and perfective uses are treated. In all other situations the aspect is specifically indicated - e.g., if a perfective verb is not immediately followed by a reference to the corresponding imperfective (dogodzic vp), if reference is made from an imperfective to a perfective verb (doganiac vi), or if a verb has both aspects (ranic vip). Pronunciation, when it would not be immediately evident to the non-Pole, is indicated by respellings, or partial respellings, in brackets following the entry, e.g. szescset [szejset], diak [djak], marznqc [r-z] (i.e. not [mazn^c]), sinus [s-i] (i.e. not [sinus]). Irregular stress is also noted, such as the antepenultimate stress in trisyllabic forms of chemik ['chemika itd.]. As in the first volume, words have been nested together by use of the sign ~ , which stands for the form appearing at the head of the entry, e.g. ciqg, ~nqc, ~nik, ~oty; ustn~ie, ~ik, ~y. The several preposition-object phrases formerly written as one word will usually be found under the noun, e.g. za bezcen, although they are occasionally registered under the preposition, e.g. bez liku. Adjectives and participles written with separate and with prefixed nie (e.g. nie dopieczony, niedowarzony) are listed together following nie - in a number of instances, both spellings are possible, depending on the meaning. This volume is based on the same authorities as the first, with one exception:

IX

the orthographic authority for this volume is St. Jodlowski's and W. Taszycki's Slownik ortograficzny, 1958 - hence certain minor differences between the orthographies of the two volumes. The authors gratefully acknowledge the aid of Professor Wiktor Weintraub, of Harvard University, who read a large part of the manuscript, and of Professor George Guion Williams, of Rice University, who contributed many excellent suggestions of English equivalents. KAZIMIERZ B U L A S L A W R E N C E L . THOMAS F R A N C I S J . WHITFIELD

S K R Ó T Y - A B B RE V I A T I O N S

A accusative, biernik a. adjective, przymiotnik act. active, strona czynna adv. adverb, przystówek alg. algebra anat. anatomia, anatomy antrop. antropologia, anthropology arch, archaiczne, archaic artyl. artyleria, artillery astr. astronomia, astronomy astrol. astrologia, astrology Bibl. Biblia, Bible bibl. bibliotekarstwo, librarianship biol. biologia, biology bil. bilard, billiards M. Wgdnie, erroneously bot. botanika, botany Br. British, brytyjskie bud. budownictwo, architecture chem. chemia, chemistry chir. chirurgia, surgery comp. comparative, stopien wyzszy conj. conjunction, spójnik cz. cz^sto, often czas. czasem, sometimes D dative, celownik daw. dawniej, formerly dent, dentystyka, dentistry dial, dialektyczne, dialectical dosi, doslownie, literally druk. drukarstwo, printing dypl. dyplomacja, diplomacy dziec. dziecinne, nursery dzienn. dziennikarstwo, journalism ekon. ekonomia, economics el. elektrotechnika, electrotechnics emf. emfatycznie, emphatically ent. entomologia, entomology euf. eufemistycznie, euphemistically f. feminine, rodzaj zenski fil. filozofla, philosophy fiz. fizyka, physics flzj. fizjologia, physiology fon. fonetyka, phonetics.

form, formalnie, formally fort, fortyfikacje, fortification fot. fotografia, photography G genitive, dopetniacz geol. geologia, geology geogr. geografìa, geography geom. geometria, geometry gimn. gimnastyka, gymnastics gl. gtównie, chiefly górn. górnictwo, mining gr. greckie, Greek gram, gramatyka, grammar hand, handel, commerce her. heraldyka, heraldry hist, historyczne, historical hut. hutnictwo, metallurgy I instrumental, narz?dnik icht. ichtiologiar, ichthyology id. idem, taki sam imp. imperative! tryb rozkazuj^cy inf. infinitive, bezokolicznik int. interjection, wykrzyknik introl. introligatorstwo, bookbinding ir. ironicznie, ironically j^z. j^zykoznawstwo, linguistics kol. kolejnictwo, railroads koéc. koscielne, ecclesiastical krystal. krystalografia, crystallography L locative, miejscownik 1. lub, or lit. literackie, literary log. logika, logic lot. lotnictwo, aviation lud. ludowe, rural m. masculine, rodzaj m?ski ma masculine animate, m^ski zywotny mal. malarstwo, painting mat. matematyka, mathematics mech. mechanika, mechanics med. medycyna, medicine metafiz. metafizyka, metaphysics mi masculine inanimate, m^ski niezywotny miern. miernictwo, surveying min. mineralogia, mineralogy

XII mit. mitologia, mythology mp masculine personal, m^ski osobowy muz. muzyka, music mysl. myslistwo, hunting N nominative, mianownik n. neuter, rodzaj nijaki nauk. naukowe, scholarly neg. negative, z przeczeniem nieos. nieosobowo, impersonal niewl. niewlasciwie, improperly num. numeral, liczebnik ob. obecnie, at present obelz. obelzywe, abusive obs. obsolete, przestarzale obsc. obscene, nieprzyzwoite odi. odlewnictwo, casting og. ogólnie, generally ogr. ogrodnictwo, horticulture opt. optyka, optics ora. ornitologia, ornithology os. osoba, person p. przenosnie, metaphorically pari, parlament, parliament part, participle, imiestów pass, passive, strona bierna pat. patologia, pathology pierw. pierwotnie, originally pi. plural, liczba mnoga pld. potudnie, South pin. pólnoc, North poet, poetyckie, poetical pog. pogardliwie, contemptuous poi. polityka, politics popr. poprawnie, correctly pot. potocznie, colloquially pp. past participle, imieslów czasu przeszlego praw. prawnicze, legal prep, preposition, przyimek pron. pronoun, zaimek prow, prowincjonalne, provincial przes. przesadnie, exaggeratedly psych, psychologia, psychology

pyt. pytaj^co, interrogatively rel. religia, religion ret. retoryka, rhetoric rz. rzadko, rarely s. singular, liczba pojedyncza si. slang spir. spirytyzm, spiritism stat. statystyka, statistics stol. stolarstwo, woodworking sup. superlative, stopien najwyzszy szerm. szermierka, fencing szk. szkolne, school szn. w szerszym znaczeniu, loosely t. takze, also tech. technika, technics tel. telekomunikacja, telecommunication telew. telewizja, television teol. teologia, theology uj. ujemnie, pejoratively uniw. uniwersytet, university V vocative, woiacz v. verb, czasownik vi imperfective verb, czasownik niedokonany voc. vocative, woiacz vp perfective verb, czasownik dokonany wojsk. wojskowosc, military w przec. w przeciwienstwie do, in contradistinction to wulg. wulgarne, vulgar w zloz. w zlozeniach, in compositions zam. zamiast, instead of zas. zasadniczo, virtually zb. zbiorowo, collectively zool. zoologia, zoology zw. zwykle, usually zwl. zwlaszcza, particularly z wyj. z wyj^tkiem, except zart. zartobliwie, jocularly zegl. zegluga, termin morski, sailing, marine term zyd. zydowskie, Jewish

A

a n. indecl. nie umie ani a, ani b, he doesn't know chalk from cheese; od a do z, from A to Z; powiedzialo si? a, trzeba powiedzied i b, in for a penny, in for a pound; I'll have to go the whole hog. - int. ah! oh! well; a, to cudowniel oh, that's wonderful! a tak, well, yes; a co, nie mowilem? there, you see! - conj. 1. and; dwa a dwa jest cztery, two and two is four; nic a nic, absolutely nothing, nothing whatever; ja pracuj?, a on si? bawi, I work, and he plays. 2. bl. but. abakus mi -a bud. abacus, abazur mi lampshade. Abdera f. Abdera t. p.; p. Gotham (miasto glupcow). abdyk~acja f. abdication. ~owa6 vip (z czegos) abdicate. abecadio* n. 1. alphabet. 2. ABC, rudiments. ~wy a. alphabetical. Abel* Abel. aberracja f. aberration; ~ umyslowa, mental aberration; ~ komatyczna, opt. coma. Abisy ~ nia f. Abyssinia. ~riczykmp, a ~ nski a. Abyssinian, abiturient mp candidate for the "matura". abluc~jaf. ablution. ~yjny a. ablutionary. abnega~cja f. self-abnegation; self-denial. ~ t mp 1. ascetic. 2. unkempt fellow. abolicjon ~ ista mp abolitionist. ~izm mi abolitionism, abominacja f. abomination. abon~ament mi 1. subscription. 2. season ticket. ~ent mp, ~entka* f. subscriber. ~ owad v. 1. subscribe to. 2. buy a season ticket. abordaz mi hist, boarding (enemy's ship). Abraham Abraham; przeniesc si? na lono ~ a, go to one's last home, abrazja f. geol. abrasion, absces mi abscess. absen ~ cja f. absence. ~teizm mi absenteeism. ~towac si? v. absent oneself; be absent.

absolucja f. absolution, absolut mi absolute. ~nie adv. absolutely. ~ny a. absolute. ~orium n. 1. adoption of the report; udzielid ~ zarz^dowi, adopt the (annual) report of the council. 2. uniw. certificate of studies entitling one to be a candidate for a degree. absoluty~sta mp absolutist. ~styczny a. absolutist. ~ zm mi absolutism. absolwent mp 1. graduate. 2. alumnus; Br. old boy. ~ka* f. 1. graduate. 2. alumna. absor~bowac v. chem. absorb t. p. ~pcja f. absorption. ~ pcyjnosc f. absorbency. ~ pcyjny a. absorbent, absorptive. abstrahowa~c v. abstract; prescind (from od czegos). ~nie n. abstraction; zdolnosc -a, abstractive faculty. abstrak~cja f. 1. abstraction. 2. abstract. ~cyjnie adv. abstractly, in the abstract; rozwazac abstract, consider in the abstract. ~cyjnosc f. abstractness. ~cyjny a. abstract; -ej natury, of an abstract nature, abstractive. ~ 11. mi abstract. 2. mp absent-minded person. abstynen~cja f. abstinence, temperance, teetotalism; ~ wyborcza, abstention. ~ ckl a. abstaining, teetotal; ruch, towarzystwo, liga -a, temperance movement, society, league. ~ t mp abstainer, teetotaler. absurd mi absurdity; sprowadzad do ~ u , reduce to absurdity. ~ alnie adv. absurdly. ~alnosc f. absurdity. ~alny a. absurd, absyda f. zob. apsyda. absynt mi absinthe. aby conj. 1. in order that; to; ~ nie, lest; wycofal si?, ~ polozyd koniec dyskusji, he withdrew (in order) to put an end to the discussion; jemy, ~ zy