The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland; New Series [7, 1 ed.]

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THE

JOURNAL

KOYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY OF

GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. TsTEW

SEieXES.

VOLUME THE SEVENTH.

LONDON: TEUBNER AND

CO., 57

&

59,

MDCCCLXXV.

LUDGxATE HILL.

STEPHEN AVSTIN AND SONS,

PRINTERS, HERTFORD.

CONTENTS OF VOL. [new

VII.

series.]

ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS. Art.

I.

PAGE

— The

Upasampadd-Kammavdcd being the Buddhist Manual of the Form and Manner of Ordering of Priests and Deacons. The Pali Text, with a Translation and Notes.

By

sometime

Christ

now Art. II.

Student

of

Oxford, 1

Megalithic Monuments of the Coim-

By M.

batore District, Madras.

Art. III.

Dickson, B.A.,

Church,

of the Ceylon Civil Service

—Notes on the late

J. F.

J.

Walhouse,

Madras C.S

—Notes

17

on the Sinhalese Language.

No.

1.

— On

the Formation of the Plural of Neuter Nouns.

By B. Art.

C. Childees, late of the Ceylon C.S.

Commentary, with a Translation.

By

B.

Childers, late of the Ceylon Civil Service

Art.

.

.

35

IV. — The Pali Text of the Mahdparinibhdna Sutta and

V.

—The

Brhat-Sahhita

;

Complete

or,

Natural Astrology of Varaha-mihira.

from Sanskrit into English by Dr. H. Art. VI.

—Note

System

Kern

—The Name of Egypt.

of the Twelfth

By H.

Imam

of

....

.

.

—Three

135

on the Coinage

Satjvaire and Stanley

Lane

Poole Art. VIII.

81

Dr. A.

Campbell, late Superintendent of Darjeeling Art. VII.

49

Translated

By

on the Valley of Choombi.

C.

....

140 Inscriptions

of

Parakrama

Bahu

the

Great from Pulastipura, Ceylon (date circa 1180 A.D.).

Art.

IX. — Of the

By

T.

W. Bhts

Kharaj or

Davids

Muhammadan Land Tax

152 ;

its

Application to British India, and Effect on the

Tenure of Land.

By N.

B. E. Baillie

172

CONTENTS.

IV

FADE

Art. X.

—

Sienir, the

Lion Kock, near Pulastipura, Ceylon

and the Thirty-ninth Chapter of the Mahavamsa. T. W. Ehts Davids

By Art. XI.

—The Xorthern Frontagers

of China.

Origines of the Mongols.

Art. XII.

—Inedited

Arabic

Part

I.

By H. H. Howorth By Stanley Lane .

Coins.

.

Poole Art. XIII.

—

—The The

243

262

Northern Frontagers of China. Origines

of

the

Manchus.

Part II.

By H. H.

Howorth Art.

305

XV. — Notes on the Old Mongolian Capital By S. W. Bhshell, B.Sc., M.D

Art. XVI.

— Oriental lore,

of Shangtu.

329

Proverbs in their Eelations to Folk-

History, Sociology

;

with Suggestions

their Collection, Interpretation, Publication.

the Eev. J.

Art. XVII.

for

By

Long

— Two Old

339

Simhalese Inscriptions.

The Sahasa

Malla Inscription, date 1200 a.d., and the Euwanwaeli Dagaba Inscription, date 1191 a.d. Text, Translation, and Notes. By T. W. Ehts Davids Art. XVIII.

—Notes on

Samvat Era. Art.

XIX.

221

Notice on the Dinars of the Ahbasside Dynasty.

By Edward Thomas Bogers Art. XIV.

191

The

353

a Bactrian Pali Inscription and the

By

Prof. J.

Dowson

376

—Note on a Jade Drinking Vessel of the Emperor Jahangir.

By Edward Thomas, F.E.S

Index

384 391

Appendix.

A

Specimen of a Syriac Version of the Kalllah wa-Dimnah, with an English Translation. By

W. Weight

1

LIST OF

THE MEMBERS OF THE

ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND

22,

ALBEMAELE STEEET, LONDON.

CORRECTED TO NOVEMBER, M.DCCC.LXXIII.

LONDON TEUBNEE &

CO., 67

and

59,

LUDGATE HILL,

E.C.

EOTAL ASIATIC

SOCIETY,

PATRON

HER MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY THE QUEEN. VICE-PATRONS

:

ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES. THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR INDIA. THE CHAIRMAN OF THE HON. EAST INDIA COMPANY. HIS

PRESIDENT

SIR H.

BARTLE

E.

ERERE,

DIRECTOR

MAJOR-GENERAL SIR

:

G.C.S.I., K.C.B.

:

RAWLINSON,

H. C.

VICE-PRESIDENTS

K.C.B., D.C.L., F.R.S.

:

THE RIGHT HON. SIR EDWARD RYAN. M. E. GRANT DUFF, Esq., M.P. SIR THOMAS EDWARD COLEBROOKE, Bart., JAMES FERGUSSON,

COUNCIL

BAILLIE, N.

M.P.

Esq., F.R.S., D.C.L.

:

B. E., Esq. E. L., Esq.

BRANDRETH, BROWN, C. P.,

Esq.

DICKINSON, JOHN,

Esq,

DRUMMOND, THE HON. EDMUND. EASTWICK, E. B. Esq., C.B., F.R.S., M.P. GROTE, ARTHUR, Esq. KEMBALL. COLONEL SIR A. B., C.B., K.C.S.I. MACKENZIE, THE RIGHT HON. HOLT. MILES, LIEUT.-COLONEL JOSEPH, BOMBAY St. C. PHAYRE, MAJOR-GEN. SIR A. P., K.S.I. PRIAULX, OSMOND DE BEAUVOIR, Esq. RUSSELL, LORD ARTHUR, M.P. STANLEY OF ALDERLEY, THE RIGHT HON. LORD.

WALHOUSE,

M.

J.,

Esq.

—

TREASURER EDWARD THOMAS, Esq., F.R.S. SECRETARY AND LIBRARIAN—JULIUS EGGELING, ESQ. HONORARY SECRETARY PROFESSOR THOMAS CHENERY.

—

HONORARY LIBRARIAN

ROBERT

N.

CUST,

ESQ.

MEMBERS.

LIST OF

3

EESIDENT AisD NON-EESIDEOT.

{

N.B.— The marks prefixed to the Original Members.

names

signify

Members. t Members who have compounded for their Subscriptions. ft Members -who, having compounded, have again renewed • Non-resident

their Subscriptions, or given

Donations. II

Members whose

Subscriptions are in abeyance during absence.

His Eotal Highness the Prince of Wales. f His Highness

Hassan Pasha, Oxford.

^fHis Highness the Eao of Kutch,

Bhooj, India.

^Alabaster, Henry, Esq., Siam.

Alexander, Major-Gen.

Sir Jas.

United Service Club, S. W.

;

Edward, K.C.L.S., F.E.G.S.,

Westerton, Bridge of Allan, N.B.

Ali Mahomed Khan. Allen, John Lucas, Esq., Buchliurst Hill House, Essex. *Alves, Colonel N.,

Ameer

St. Helier, Jersey.

Ali, Moulvi Syed, M.A.,

terrace, Maida-hill,

Ameunet, Professor Anderson,

Sir

LL.B., 11,

St.

Leonard’s-

W.

A., 87, Seymour-street, Hyde-parh,

H. Lacon, K.C.S.I., India

*Ansorge, Prof. W.J., LL.D., Boy. Anstruther, Major-General

Coll,

Office,

W.

S.W.

of Mauritius, Port Louis.

P., Airth, Stirlingshire,

Arbib, Dr. Enrico, 42, Elgin-road, Kensington-parh,

K.B.

W.

*-'fARDASEER, Cursetji, Esq., Bombay. ^''j’ARDASEER, Hormanji, Esq.,

fARROWSMiTH,

J.,

Bombay.

Esq., 35, Hereford-sq., South Kensington,

Arthur, Eev. W., M.A., •j-AsTELL, J. H., Esq.,

Battersea-rise,

W.

Clapham-common, S.W.

Union Club, W.C.

'Austen, Major H. H. Godwin, Chilworth Manor, Guilford.

^^Babbage, Major H.

P.,

Gujeranwala, Punjab.

Baillie, N. B. E., Esq., 93, L loucester-ter., Hyde-parh,

W.

4

LIST OF MEMBERS.

\ Baker, Major-General Sir W. §Ball, Samuel, Esq., Sion

E., K.C.B., India Office,

S.W.

Hill, Wolverley, Kidderminster.

Baskerville, Henry, Esq., Crowsley Park, Henley-on-Thames.

Batten,

J. H., Esq., F.R.G.S., 2, Mansion-ter., Heavitree, Exeter.

f Baxter, H.

Pemhridge-villas, Bayswater,

J., Esq., 5,

W.

*^'Bayley, E. C., Esq., C.S.I., Bengal C.S., Calcutta.

fBAYNES, A. H., Esq., F.R.G.S., street,

Beal, Rev. *''^Beames,

M.S.A., 19,

F.S.S.,

Castle-

Holhorn, E.C. S.,

Malvern-villas, Southsea.

Jolm, Esq., Bengal C.S.

Bell, Major Evans,

1,

Elgin-crescent, Notting-hill,

W.

f Benson, Robert, Esq. ||Bettington, Albemarle, Esq.,

*fBHAU

Bombay

C.S.

Daji, Dr., Bombay.

Bicknell, Herman, Esq., 20, Boyal-crescent, Bamsgate. •'Blunt, J. E., Esq., H.M. Consul, Adrianople.

^Bolton, Major H.

Bosanquet,

Bowring,

j.

F.,

Bombay

W., Esq.,

Staff Corps.

73, Lombard-street, E.C.

L., Esq., C.S.I., Lavrockbere, Torquay.

j-BRANDRETH, E. L., Esq., 32, Elvaston Place, S.W.

^Branson, George, Esq., Madras.

ff Briggs, General John, Burgess

F.R.S., Oriental Club,

W.; Bridge Lodge,

Hill, Sussex.

•'Broadley, A.M., Esq., Bengal C.S,

Brown, Chas. P.,Esq., 22, Kildare-gardens,

Westbourne-grove,

W.

•‘'fBuRGESS, James, Esq., Bombay.

Burnell, Arthur, Esq., Madras

C.S.

•‘fBuRNS, David Laing, Esq., Allahabad.

f BuRT,Major T.

S.,

F.R.S., M.S.A. Par., Pippbrook House, Dorking.

*|Burton, Captain R. F. fCABBELL, Benj. Bond, Esq., F.R.S.,

Caldwell, Colonel Hugh, •^'Caldwell, R. ^-j-CAMA,

C., Esq.,

late

1,

Brick-court, Temple, E.C.

of the Bengal Army.

Madras

C.S., Tricbinopoly.

K. Rustomji, Esq., Bombay.

''Carmichael, David F., Esq., 3Iadras C.S., Ganjam.

5

MEMBERS.

LIST OF

*Caekoll, Charles, Esq., H.M. First Vice-Consul, Foochow,

Chenert, Thomas, Esq., Lord Almoner’s Professor of Arabic, Oxford

;

*Cheyalliee,

17, Connaught-square,

W.

E., Esq.

^Churchill, H.

A., Esq., C.B.,

H.M. Consul-General, Zanzibar.

*Clark, the Eev. Dr. •[•Clark,

72, Great Tower-street, E.C.

Gordon W., Esq.,

Clerk, the Eight Hon. Sir G. E., K.C.B.,G.C.S.I., Athenceum, S.W.

^CooHRAX, W., Esq., 289, Kennington-road. *CoLE, Captain E.A., Madras Staff Corps, Coorg. •[fCoLEBROOKE, Sir T. E., Bart., M.P., 37, South-st., Park-lane, SV

.

^^'CooMARAS'WAMT, M., IModeliar, Colombo, Ceylon.

Co'WRLL, Professor

Edward

f Crawford, E. W., Esq.,

*fCRUTTENDEN, Captain

B., 24, Fitzioilliam-st., Cambridge.

71,

C. J., E.N., 16, Talbot-road,

^Cunningham, Major-General CuRZON,

A., Esq., 189,

A., C.B.,

Bayswater,V^

.

Bengal Army.

Hampstead-road.

CusT, Eobert N., Esq., 64,

Dadabhai Naoeoji,

Old Broad-street, E.C.

St.

George’ s-square, S.W.

Esq., 32, Great St. Helen’s, E.C.

^fDADABHAi Pestonji,

Bombay.

Esq.,

"'D’Alwis, James, Esq., Colombo, Ceylon.

*Dalyell, Sir Eobert A.

0.,

H.M.

^'Dashwood, H. W., Esq., Bengal

Consul, Eoustchouk. C.S.,

Agra.

Davies, the Eev. John, 14, Belsize-square, •[•Davis,

Sir

John Francis,

Bart.,

N.W.

K.C.B.,

Athenceum,

S.W.

;

Hollywood, near Bristol. ^'-'Dennys,

N. B., Esq., Hongkong.

•[•Derby, the Eight Hon. the Earl

of, 36, St.

James’ s-square, S.W.

‘'Deshmukh, Krishnarao Gopal, Esq., B.A., Barrister-at-Law,

Bombay High

Court.

*Dickins, F. V., Esq.,

9,

Dickinson, John, Esq.,

Old-square, Lincoln’s Inn, 1,

Upper Grosvenor-street,

W.C.

W.

•[•Dickinson, Sebastian S., Esq., Brown’s Lodge, Stroud.

^Dickson, C. H., Esq., H.M. Consul, ^Dickson,

J. E. L., Esq., M.D.,

H.M.

Crete.

Legation, Teheran, Persia.

LIST OF AIEMBERS.

6

‘••'Dickson,

W., Esq., Teheran.

Douglas, E. K., Esq., Professor of Chinese, King's

London

;

Coll,

Museum.

British

Dowson, Prof. John, Crowthorne, Wokingham, Berks.

Drummond,

the Hon.

Edmund,

104, St. George's- square, S.W. 4, Queen' s-

fDuFF, Mountstuart Elphinstone Grant, Esq., M.P., gate-gardens, So^^th Kensington,

Dymes, Daniel

f|EASTWiCK, Captain Wm. f Eastwiok, E.

W.

D., Esq., 9, Mincing-lane, E.O. J.,

W.

12, Leinster-terrace, Myde-park,

B., Esq., C.B., F.K.S., M.P., Athenaeum,

S.W.

88, Holland-road, Kensington.

^Edgeworth, M.P., Club,

Esq., Mastrim House, Anerley, S.

;

Athenceum

S.W.

^'Egerton, Ph. H., Esq., B.C.S., Dharmsala, Kangra, Punjab. Elliot, Sir Walter, K.C.S.I., Wolfelee, Hawick; Travellers', S.W.

f Erskine, Claude

J.,

Esq., 87, Harley-street,

W.

Fergusson, James, Esq., F.E.S., D.C.L., 20, Langham-place,

W.

Forbes, Charles, Esq., Boynbay C.S. II

fFoRBES, James Stewart, Esq., Athenceum Club, S.W. Forster, the Eight Hon.

Foulkes,

the

gardens,

Eev.

W.

E., M.P.,

Beform Club, S.W.

S.W.

80, Eccleston-square,

T.,

12,

Westbourne-street,

Hyde-park-

W.

Franks, A. W., Esq.,M.A.,British Museum; 103, Victoria-sL, S.W.

Freeland, H. W., Esq., Athenceum, S.W. Frere, Sir H. Bartle

E., G.C.S.I., K.C.B., India Office,

22, Prince's Gardens,

Frere,

W.

S.W.

;

W.

E., Esq., Bitton Rectory, Bristol.

Frost, the Eev. George, M.A., 28, Kensington-square,

W.

Fryer, Captain George, Madras Staff Corps, Rangoon.

Gallenga, Mrs. f Gayner,

W.

A., Llandogo, Coleford,

C., Esq.,

M.A., F.E.S. Ed.,

Monmouths.

3, Merton-street,

Oxford.

Gillett, William Stedman, Esq., Harefield, Southampton. *'Glasfurd, Captain C. L. E., Nagpore. *“'Goldenblum, Dr. A.

J.,

Odessa.

LIST OF MEMBERS.

i

Goldsjiid, Sir Francis H., Bart., M.P., Q.C., 8t. John's Lodge, Begeni's-park,

N.W.

-j-GoLDSMiD, Colonel Sir F. J., C.B.,

K.C.S.I.,

1,

Southwell-

gardens, South Kensington.

^'Gordon, Sir Arthur, Governor of Trinidad.

Graham, Cyril

C., Esq., 9,

Cleveland-roio, St. James's,

S.W.

;

House, Watford.

JDelroe

“*Grant, Charles, Esq., Bengal C.S.

Grey, the Eight Hon. Sir Charles E. II

’^Griffin, Lepel H., Esq., Bengal C.S., Lahore.

^Griffith, E. T. H., Esq., M.A., Benares. *‘*Grindlay, Captain Eohert Melville.

Grote, Arthur, Esq., Athenoeum Club, S.W. f Guest, E., Esq., F.E.S., LL.D., Master of Cains Col., Cambridge. Guthrie, Colonel C. Seton, late Bengal Engineers, 107, Great Bussell-street,

W.C.

^Harcourt, Captain A. F.

*Hart, F.

P., Oriental Club,

E., Esq., F.E.G.S.,

Geographie, Paris

Sir J.

H.

M. de

la Societe de

Trinidad.

;

Hay, the Eight Hon. Lord W., ’-•*Hay,

M.P.L.S.,

W.

5b,

The Albany,

W.

D., K.C.B., H.M.^ Minister, Morocco.

^Hauvette-Besnault, Esq.,

Heath, the Eev. D.

I.,

16,

Bue JDusommerard, Paris.

Esher, Surrey, S.

^“"Heeley, Wilfred L., Esq., B.A., Calcutta,

{•Heming, Dempster, Esq.

HENTY,Walter, Esq., Northlands, Chichester; Windham Club, S.W. f Heywood, James, Esq., F.E.S., Athenceum, S.W.

fHoDGSON, Brian Houghton, Esq., Alderley

Grange,

Wotton-

under-Edge.

fHoDGSON, David, Esq.

Hogg,

Sir

-j-HoLROYD,

James Weir, Bart.,

4, Carlton-gard. ;

Thomas, Esq., Oriental

Club,

India

Office,

S.W.

W.

fHoLROYD, Captain W. E. M., Bengal Staff Corps, Director of Public Instruction, Lahore.

Holt, H. F. W., Esq.,

6,

King's-road, Clapham-park, S.

8

MEMBERS.

LIST OF

^Hughes, T.

Esq.,

F.,

Oriental

H.B.M. Embassy,

Secretary,

Constantinople.

Hughes, Captain

Ely House, Wexford.

Sir F.,

^Hunter, W. W.,

Esq., B.A., Bengal C.S., Calcutta.

Hutt, Benjamin, Esq., East India U.S. Club, S.W. **flMADAD Ally, Moulvi Syud, Judge of S. Jacob, Major-Gen. SirG.

Le Grand,

C.B., K.C.S.I., 12, Queens-

borougJi-terrace, Kensington-gardens,

James,

S.

C. Court, Mozuffurpoor.

W.

Harvey, Esq., Bengal C.S.

® fjEEJEEBHOY, Sir Jamsetji, Bart., Bombay.

Kaye,

Sir

John W.,

fKEMBALL, Colonel

K.C.S.I., India Office,

Sir A. B., C.B.,

S.W.

K.C.SL,

Queen' s-gate,

79,

W.

Eyde-parh,

fKENNEDY, E. H., Esq. fKERR, Mrs. Alexander, ^Kielhoen, Dr.

56, Yorh-terrace, Regent' s-parlc,

F., Principal

Deccan

College,

N.W.

Poona.

Knighton, W., Esq., LL.D., Eastgate House, Rochester

;

Junior

Atheneeum Club, S.W. ‘•'Knox,

Thomas George,

Esq.,

H.M. Consul-General, Siam.

,

La'idlay, J. W., Esq., Seacliff House, North Berwick, N.B.

fLA\v, J.

S.,

Esq., Oriental Club,

j-LAWFORD, Henry

S.,

W.

Esq., M.A., 28, Austin Friars, E.C.

Lawrence, the Eight Hon. Lord, G.C.B., Athenceum 26, Queen' s-gate, ‘•'Lees,

W.

Colonel

‘•'’Le

S.W.

W.

Nassau, LL.D., Athenceum, S.W.

‘^“Leitner, Gottlieb

Maida-vale,

Club,

W., Esq., Ph.D., M.A., 22, Aberdeen-place,

N.W.

Mesurier, Hy.

P., Esq.,

Chief Engineer, Jubbalpore Railway.

Lewis, Lt.-Col. John, 27, Dorchester-place, Blandford-sg., N.W.

Lewis, Henry, Esq., E.N., Oriental Club, W. ‘^Lindsay, C. E., Esq., Bengal C.S., Muradabad.

fLiNWOOD, the Eev. Wm., Loch, Henry

Birchfield, HandsioortJi,

B., Esq., C.B., Douglas, Isle

Birmingham.

of Man.

*Locke, H. Hover, Esq., Principal of the School of Art,

Loewe, Dr. L.,

ilf.8. A.

Par., 1

Calcutta.

& 2, Oscar Villas, Broadstairs, Kent.

MEMBERS.

LIST OF

fLow, General

9

Sir John, K.C.B., Clatto, Cupar, Fifeshire.

Ludlow, Major-General *^Lumsden, Col. P.

Oriental Club,

J.,

W.

Gloucester-terrace, Kensington, S.

S., C.S.I., 5,

*‘Lutchmeepathy Naidu Garoo,

F.S.S., Barrister-

C.P.,

at-Law, Madras.

Lynch, T. K., Esq., 31, Cleveland-square. ^•'Lyall, a. C., Esq.,

fMAcDouALL,

Bengal

C.S.,

Comm. W. Berar.

Prof. C., M.A., Queen’s College, Belfast.

Mackenzie, the Eight Hon. Holt, 28, Wimpole- street,

W.

^"'Maokinlay, John, Esq.

fMACKiNTOSH, Eneas, Esq.,

Macleod, Eight Hon. street,

Hyde-parh,

§*fM‘NEiLL,

Sir

J.,

Hijde-parh-square,

9,

Sir J.

W.

MacPh., K.C.S.I.,

1,

Stanhope-

W.

G.C.B., F.E.S., Granton Mouse, Edinburgh.

^'fMAHDEWDAS, Kuksondas, Esq., Bombay.

Malcolm, Major-General G.

A., 67, Sloane-street,

S.W.

^'fMANDLiK, Eao Sahib Vishvanath Narayan, Bombay. *'^fMANOCKjEE CuESETjEE, Esq., Bombay.

Makshman, John Clark,

Esq., C.S.I.,

7,

Palace-gardens, Ken-

W.

sington,

Maetin, Sir

J.

Eanald, F.E.S., 37, Upper Brooh-street,

W.

^Mason, the Eev. Francis, D.D., Tounghoo, Burmah. ^'"Masson,

M. I’Abbe

E.,

Membre de

la Soc. As. de Paris, 22, rue

de Londres, Paris.

atheson, Sir James, Bart., M.P., 13, Cleveland-roio, S.W.

f

Matheson, Farquhar, Esq., Oriental

Mayee,

j.,

^•'"Mayees,

Club,

W.

Esq., F.S.A., 68, Lord-street, Liverpool.

W.

F., Esq., China.

Melvill, Philip, Esq., Ethy House,

Lostwithiel.

Melyill, Major-Gen. Sir P. M., C.B., 27, Palmeira-sq., Brighton. f Mexboeodgh, the Eight Hon. the Earl *'Miles, Lieut. -Colonel Joseph, ’-'Miles,

Captain

S.

B.,

of. Travellers’

Bombay

Bombay

Club,

W.C.

Staff Corps.

Staff Corps

;

Assist. Besident,

Guadur, MeJcran. f Milligan,

J.,

Esq., F.G.S., F.L.S., 15, Northumberland-st.,

W.C.

10

LIST OF

*Minayeff,

MEMBERS.

Esq., St. Petersburg.

J.,

^•'Minchin, Major, President of Bahawalpur, Punjauh.

*Mitfokd, a.

B., Esq., St. James’s

Club;

1a, Albert-terrace,

Kniglitsbridge.

**Mockler, Captain E., Bombay

Moffatt,

Guadur.

St. C.,

G., Esq., M.P., 103, Eaton-square,

Montefiore, Sir Moses, Bart,

7,

S.W.

Grosvenor-gate, Parh-lane,

W.

j-MooR, the Kev. A. P., M.A., E.K.G.S., St. Clement’s Vicarage, Truro.

Muir, John, Esq., D.C.L., LL.D.,

10, Merchiston-avenue, Edin-

burgh; Athenceum Club, S.W.

*''^fMuNMOHUNDASS Davidass, Esq., Bombay.

*'fMuRRAT, the Honourable Sir C. A., K.C.B., H.M. Eivoy, Lisbon. ^‘Murray, E. C. Granville, Esq.

^INelson, James Henry, Esq., M.A., Madras

C.S-,

87,

Gower-

W.C.

street,

G. K., Esq., Rotterdam.

^•"'Niemann,

*‘Noer, Count de *^Norris, Major

Henry MacEarlane, Madras Army.

Northcote, the Eight Hon. Sir Stalford H., M.P., Athenceum Club,

S.W.

;

42, Harley-street,

W.

^'Norton, John Bruce, Esq., Madras.

‘'fOsBORNE, Lieut. -Colonel Willoughby, C.B., Bhopal, India. *'Palgrave,

W.

G., Esq., II.M. Consul, Trebizonde.

Palmer, Professor Edward H.,

18, BrooJcside, Cambridge.

Palmer, George, Esq., Bengal C.S.

;

Bijnore, Bengal.

1 1

^'Pandooeung, Crustnarao, Esq., 46, Fore-street, E.C. ||Parbury, George, Esq.

f Parker, John

F.,

Esq.

*”'Pearse, Lieut. -Colonel G. G., B.A., Woolwich.

*Pelly, Lieut.-Colonel Lewis, Bushir.

Perry, Sir T. Erskine, India

Office,

S.W.

Phayre, Major-General Sir Arthur P., Club, St. James’ s-square,

S.W.

;

C.S.I., E. I. United Service

Bray, Co. WicMow, Ireland.

PiLKiNGTON, James, Esq., M.P., Reform Club, S.W.

LIST OF

^'PiSANi,

MEMBERS.

11

Count Alexander, Constantinople.

fPLATT, William, Esq., Conservative Club,

T.,

S.W.

;

W.

115, Piccadilly,

*Platts, John

St. James's,

Esq.

^Pollock, Colonel Sir Fred.

K.,

K.C.S.I.,

Past India United

Service Club.

Poore, Major. Powis, the Eight Hon. the Earl

45, Berlceley-square,

of,

Peiaulx, Osmond de Beauvoir, Esq.,

W. W.

Cavendish-square,

8,

^‘"PucKLE, Lieut. -Colonel James, Mysore.

PusEY,

*fEAJAH

S.

E. B., Esq., Pusey House, Farrinydon.

Jaikishan

EoliaiVkhund,

Dass

Bahadoor,

N.W.P.

Baees

of

Moradabad,

India.

fEANSOM, Edwin, Esq., Eempstone, Bedford. f fEAWLiNSON, Major-General Sir H. C., K.C.B., F.E.S., D.C.L.,

W.; India

21, Charles-street, Berlceley-square,

Eedhouse,

J.

W., Esq.,

16, Eilburn Priory,

Office,

S.W.

N.W.

1|Eicketts, Mordaunt, Esq.

Eipon, the Most Hon. the Marquis *'"Eivett-Carnac, J.

Berars and

*Eogers, E. Eolland,

Commissioner for

Cotton

the

C. Provinces, India.

^'Eobertson, Eev. J. ^•'Eogers, Captain

Esq.,

H.,

Carlton-gardens, S.W.

of, 1,

H.

T., Esq.,

S. S.,

T.,

M.M.

S. E., Esq.,

F.E.G.S., Buncrub Parle, Perthshire.

Madras. Consul, Cairo.

Junior United Service Club,

Eollo, the Eight Hon. Lord, Buncrub

W.

Castle, Perthshire.

*E6nat, Dr. H., Secretary, Hungarian Academy, Pesth. ’"Eoss, Lieut.-Colonel E.C., B.S.C., Political Agent, Muscas.

Eumsey,

a.. Esq., 30, Coleherne-road,

S.W.

fEussELL, Lord Arthur, M.P., 10, South Audley-street,

Eyan, Eight Hon. Sir Edward,

5,

W.

Addison-road, Kensington,

St. John, Captain Eobert, 136, Queen’ s-road, Bayswater,

.

W.

*St. John, Major 0. B. C., Bengal Engineers, 49, Victoria-road, Kensington,

W.

Salisbury, the Most Hon. the Marquis

of, Hatfield.

12

LIST OF

MEMBERS.

’“'Sassoon, Sir Albert D., C.S.I.,

Bombay.

Sassoon, Reuben D., Esq., 95, Lancaster-gate, Hyde-parh,

W.

’“'Saunders, J. 0. B., Esq., 19, Phillimore-gardens, Kensington,

W.

ScARTH, the Rev. Jobn, Milton next Gravesend. ’^Schindler, A. H., Esq., Persia.

^ScHLAGiNTWEiT, Dr. Emil, Wurzburg, Bavaria. ’“'Scott,

Matthew Henry,

Esq., Ahnedabad.

Selwyn, the Rev. W., D.D., Canon of Ely, Lady Margaret's Leader of Divinity, Cambridge. ’^Seshagiri, Shastri, B.A., late Prof, of Sanskrit, Presidency College,

Madras ; Tripat ore.

*Shidiak, Selim, Esq., Constantinople. ’“'Showers, Col. C. L., Bengal Staff Corps, Umballa. ’’^Siva

Prasad, Babu, Inspector of Schools, Benares.

f SiGMOND, George Gabriel, Esq., M.D. ’•'Skene, J. H., Esq., JK.M. Consul, Aleppo. ’•“'Sladen,

fSniiTH,

Major E.

Wm.

B.,

Madras

Staff Corps, Pol. Agent, Mundelay^

Bickford, Esq., Redbrooke, Camborne.

Smith, John B., Esq., M.P., 105, Westbourne-terraee,

W.

Smith, Mrs. M. A., 34, Qt. Cumberland-place, Hyde-parh, f Smith,

Thomas

Charles, Esq., 25, Oxfoi-d-square,

W.

W.

Smollett, Patrick Boyle, Esq., Cameron House, Alexandria, Dumbartonshire

;

Conservative Club,

S.W.

f f Spottiswoode, Wm., Esq., F.R.S., 50, Grosvenor-place, S.W.

Stanley of Alderley, the Right Hon. Lord, gardens,

Straohey, William, Esq., Oriental Club, ’•^Strickland,

15, Grosvenor-

S.W.

W.

Edward, Esq., Barbadoes.

’“'Stubbs,

Major F. W., R.A., Bengal.

j-TALBOT,

W. H.

Fox, Esq., F.R.S., Lacoch Abbey, Chippenham.

’•"'Taylor, J. G., Esq.,

H.M.

Consul, Diyarbehr.

Taylor, Col. Meadows, Old Court, Harold's Cross, near Dublin. ’'Temple, Sir Richard, K.C.S.L, Bengal C.S., Calcutta.

’'fTHAKUR,

Gorparshad,

N. W.P. India.

Esq.,

Talokadar Baiswan,

Alligurh,

13

LIST OF MEMBERS.

•j-TnoMAS,

Edward, Esq., F.E.S., 47,

Victoria-road, Kensington,

W.; Athenaeum, S.W. Thomas, Henry H., Esq., 77, -j-TiEN

Pulteney-street, Bath.

Bey, A., K.C.M.

*~'Tolbort, T.

W.

H., Esq., B.C.S., Mongomery, Punjab.

§Toone, Francis Hastings, Esq., 31, Portland-place, ||Teevelyan, Colonel H. W.,

Trubnek, N., Esq.,

C.B.,

Upper Hamilton-terrace,

29,

W.

Bombay Army. St.

John's

Wood, N.W.

fUEQUHAET, David, Esq.

*V1mbeey, Dr.

fVEENEY, Major lane,

Hungary.

A., Pesth,

Sir

Hany,

Bart., M.P., 32, South-street,

Parh-

W.

fVYATTAN, Sir Ed. Eawlinson, Bart., F.E.S., Athenaeum, S.W.

j-VwYAN, E. H.

*Wade,

Esq., Irewan, St. Colomb, Cornwall.

S.,

T. F., Esq., C.B., Peking.

Walhotjse, M.

J.,

Esq.,

9, Bandolph-crescent,

*Walsh, Captain

Waelow,

of

late

Maida

the Madras Civil Service,

W. Club, W.

Vale,

T. P. B., Oriental

T. Meyler, M.A., LL.D., Hartley Wintney, Winchjield,

Hants.

Waeschawski, P.

I. J.,

Esq., M.C.T., Newton-villa, Dyke-road,

Brighton.

Watson, Dr.

J. Forbes,

India

Office,

S.W.

*Westmacott, E. Vesey, Esq., Bengal

Westwood, John, “^Wheelee,

Civil Service.

Esq., 8 and 9, Queen-street-place, E.C.

j. Talboys, Esq.,

Bangoon.

f White, James, Esq., M.P., 14, Chichester-terrace, Brighton. White, John, Esq., Oriental Club, W. ||WiLBEAHA3i, Majoi' Eichai’d, Gibraltar. •}•

Wilkinson, Eobert, Esq., 22, Cumberland-terrace, Begent'spark,

N.W.

f Williams, Professor Monier, A.M., Oxford. *fWiLLiA3is, the Eev. Thomas, Bombay. *'"WiLMOT, Charles Webster, Esq., Bajmahal, Bengal.

14

LIST OF

f Wilson,

MEMBERS.

Eev. John, D.D., Bombay

tlie

^*WisE, Dr. James

Wise,

Corh

J. P., Esq., Bostellan Castle,

Weight, Professor William, LL.D., Ph.D., Cambridge. *'‘Wrigut, the Ven. Archdeacon H. P., Souihsea.

f Yates, W. Holt, Esq., M.D.,

Young, W., Esq., Bengal

5,

Summer-terrace, Onslow-sq., S.W.

C.S.

^"Yule, Colonel Henry, C.B., Palermo.

Jonoiraijji PembtjrLS.

HIS HIGHNESS

NAWAB IKBAL UD-DAULAH BAHADUE.

Professor T. Aufrecht, Edinburgh.

The Eev. Pandita Dr.

Prof. K.

M. Banerjea,

Bapu Deva

Bhau

Diiji,

S. Birch, Esq.,

Calcutta.

Sastrm, Benares.

Bombay. LL.D., British Museum, London.

Dr. Otto von Bdhtlingk, Jena. Professor

Hermann Brockhaus,

The Eev. Eobert The Eev.

Leipzig.

Caldwell, LL.D., Tinnevelly.

J. Edkins,

China.

Professor H. L. Fleischer, Leipzig.

Don

P. de Gayangos, Madrid.

Signor Gaspar Gon-esio, Turin.

Pandita Isvarachandra Vidyas%ara, Calcutta.

M. N. de Khanikof, Paris. E.

W.

Lane, Esq., Worthing.

Professor Barbier de Meynard, Paris.

Babu

Eajendralal Mittra, Calcutta.

Professor

Max

Muller, Oxford.

Dr. J. Olshausen, Berlin. Professor Jules Oppert, Paris. Professor

Eudolph Both, Tubingen.

Baron McGuckin de

Slane, Paris.

MEMBERS.

LIST OF

15

Dr. Aloys Sprenger, Wabern, Sicitzerland.

Professor A. F. Stenzler, Breslau.

Ahmed Khan, K.C.S.I., AlUgurh. Ahmed Vefik Effendi, Constantinople. Syed

Professor A. Weber, Berlin.

Professor N. L. Westergaard, Copenhagen. Professor

By

W.

D. Whitney, Neivhaven, Conn., U.S.

the regulations of the Society, as amended in 1850, no further additions can he made to the list of the Corresponding or Foreign Members ; the Elections being restricted to Resident, Non-Resident, and Honorary Members.

Baron de

Cetto, Travellers' Club.

M. Alexander de Chodzko,

Paris.

Professor Bernhard Dorn, St. Petersburg. Professor Garcin de Tassy, Paris.

William B. Hodgson, Esq., New York. Professor Christian Lassen, Bonn.

Senhor Joaquim Jose de Costa de Macedo, Lisbon. Dr. Julius Mohl,

Membre de

VInstitut, Paris.

Professor Gustavus Seytfarth, United States.

r

16

LIST OF

MEMBEKS.

Coiii[cs|jon(lin)g [See Note p. 15.]

Sir Rutherford Alcock,

K.C.B.,

H.B.M. Envoy

Extr.

and Min.

Plen. at Peking.

M.

le

CheTalier E. G. Arbanere, Paris.

General Sir George Balfour, K.C.B., Madras Army. Archibald Campbell, Esq., M.D., late of Darjeeling ; Slough, Windsor. Dr. E. Carmoly, Brussels. Dr. J. F. J. Cassel, Paderhorn.

Monsieur N. D’Avezac, Paris.

Maharaja Kali Krishna Bahadur,

Calcutta.

Francis 0. McGregor, Esq.

Colonel James Mackenzie, Bengal Army.

W. H.

Medhurst, Esq., H.B.M. Consul, Hang-how.

Signor G. Michelotti, Turin. Dr. A. D. Mordtmann, Constantinople. Professor F. Neve, University of Louvain. Caesar Maria Noy, Venice.

M.

P. Parker, Esq., M.D., Washington. Sir

Harry P. Parkes, K.C.B., H.B.M. Min. Plen.

The Chevalier Etienne Christian A. Rassam,

M. Augustus

H.B.M.

Vice-Consul, Mosul.

Sekakini, Egypt.

The Rev. W. M. Thompson, J.

in Japan.

Pisani, Constantinople.

W. Walker,

Beyrut.

Esq.

Richard Wood, Esq., C.B., H.B.M. Consul-General, Tunis.

STEPHEN AUSTIN AND SONS, PRINTERS, HERTFORD.

LIST OF THE

MEMBERS

OF THE

ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND:

22,

ALBEMARLE STREET, LONDON.

CORRECTED TO JULY, M.DCCC.LXXV.

LONDON: TRUBNER &

CO., 57

and

69,

LTJDGATE HILL,

E.C.

EOTAL ASIATIC

SOCIETY,

PATRON

HER MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY THE QUEEN. VICE-PATRONS

:

THE PRINCE OF WALES.

HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS

THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR PRESIDENT SIR

INDIA.

:

THOMAS EDWARD COLEBROOKE, DIRECTOR

MAJOR-GENERAL

SIR H. C.

Bart., M.P.

:

RAWLINSON,

K.C.B., D.C.L., F.R.S.

VICE-PRESIDENTS:

THE RIGHT HON. SIR EDWARD RYAN. M. E. GRANT DUFF, Esq., M.P. SIR RUTHERFORD ALCOCK, K.C.B. OSMOND DE BEAUVOIR PRIAULX, Esq. COUNCIL

BAILLIE, N.

B.

;

E., Esq.

BRANDRETH, E. CAMPBELL, SIR

Esq.

L.,

G.,

K.C.S.I., M.P.

DRUMMOND, THE HON. EDMUND. FERGUS.SON, JAMES,

FREELAND,

Esq., F.R.S., D.C.L.

H. W., Esq.

FRERE, the RIGHT HON. SIR H. BARTLE E., G.C.S.I., GOLDSMID, MAJOR-GEN. SIR F. J., C.B., K.C.S.I. GROTE. ARTHUR, Esq. HUNTER, W. W., Esq., B.A., LL.D. LYNCH, THOMAS KERR, Esq. RUSSELL, LORD ARTHUR, M.P. SASSOON, SIR ALBERT

K.C.B.

D., C.S.I.

STANLEY OF ALDERLEY, THE RIGHT HON, LORD. WALHOUSE, M. J., Esq. TREASURER— EDWARD THOMAS, SECRETARY AND LIBRARIAN— PROF.

HONORARY SECRETARY — PROFESSOR

Esq., F.R.S.

J.

EGGELING,

Ph.D.

THOMAS CHENERY.

HONORARY LIBRARIAN— ROBERT

N.

CUST,

ESQ.

MST OF MEMBERS.

3

Pcmbeiis.

EESIDENT AND NON-EESIDENT.

N.B. }

—The marks prefixed to the names signify

Original

Member.

Non-resident Members. t Members -who have compounded for their Subscriptions, tt Members who, having compounded, have again renewed their Subscriptions, or given Donations. Members whose Subscriptions are in abeyance during absence. *

II

His Eoyal Highness the Prince of Wales. fHis Highness Hassan Pasha, Oxford. His Highness the Eao of Kutch, Bhooj, India. ^Acquarone, Luigi, Constantinople. ''^j’AKAMATZ,

S-,

Esq., Japan.

‘^Alabaster, Henry, Esq., Siam.

Alexander, Major-Gen.

Sir Jas.

United Serviee Club, S.W.

Ali

;

Edward, K.C.L.S., F.E.G.S.,

Westerton, Bridge of Allan, N.B.

Mahomed Khan.

Allen, John Lucas, Esq., Buckhnrst Hill House, Essex. *Alves, Colonel N.,

St. Helier, Jersey.

''Ameer Ali, Moulvi Syed, M.A., LL.B., India.

Ameuney, Professor A., 87, Seymour-street, Hyde-park, W. Anderson, Sir H. Lacon, K.C.S.I., India Office, S.W. ^•“Ansorge, Prof.

W.

J.,

LL.D.,

Anstruther, Major-General

J?oy. Coll,

of Mauritius, Port Louis.

P., Airtli, Stirlingshire,

Arbib, Dr. Enrico, 42, Elgin-road, Kensington-park,

N.B.

W.

Ardaseer, Cursetji, Esq., Bombay. o^Ardaseer, Hormanji, Esq., Bombay. -[•Arrowsmith,

J.,

Esq., 35, Hereford-sq., South Kensington,

Arthur, Eev. W., M.A., fAsTELL,

J. H., Esq.,

Battersea-rise,

Union Club, W.C.

*Austen, Major H. H. Godwin, Chilworth Manor, Guilford. -’'Baba, Tatui, Esq.,

Japan.

W.

Clapham-common, S.Wh

LIST OF MEMBERS.

4

*fBABBAGE, Major-General H.

P.,

Dainton House, Park Hoad,

Bromley, Kent. Baillie, N. B. E., Esq., 93, Gloucester -ter., Hyde-park,

W.

Baker, Major-General Sir W. E., K.C.B., India Office, S.W. Baskerville, Henry, Esq., Croicsley Park, Henley-on-Thames. Battes, J. H., Esq., F.K.G.S., o, Manston-terr., Heavitree, Exeter. •^Baxter, H. J., Esq., 5, Pembridge-villas, Bayswater, W. ®Baylet, E. C., Esq., C.S.I., Bengal C.S., Calcutta. fBAYNES, A. H., Esq., F.E.G.S., street,

Beal, Eev.

F.S.S., M.S.A.,

19,

Castle-

Holhorn, E.C. S.,

H. M.'s Dockyard, Devonport.

®Beames, John, Esq., Bengal C.S. Bell, Major Evans, 1, Elgin-crescent,

Notting-hill,

W.

IBenson, Eobert, Esq. ||Bettington, Albemarle, Esq., **Blair, Major

H.

F., E.E.,

Bombay

C.S-

India P.W. Department.

*^Blochmann, Dr. H., Calcutta.

^Blent,

j. E., Esq.,

H.M. Consul, Adrianople. Bombay Staff Coi-ps.

*^Boltox, Major H. F.,

Bosanquet, j. W., Esq., 73, Lombard-street, E.C. Bowrisg, L., Esq., C.S.I., Lavrockbere, Torquay. *Boyd, Prof. Palmer, Oriental College, Lahore. fBRAXDRETH, E. L., Esq., 32, Elvaston Place, S.W. **Branson, George, Esq., Madras.

Brown, Cbas.

P., Esq., 22, Kildare-gardens, Westbourne-grove,\^.

^fBuRGESs, James, Esq., Archeological Surveyor, Bombay. ^Burnell, Arthur, Esq., Madras C.S. *j-BrRNS, David Laiug, Esq., Allahabad. •j-BuRT, Major T. S., F.E.S., M.S.A. Par., Pippbrook House, Dorking. '=fBuRTON, Captain E. F.

"fCALDWELL, Colonel Hugh, *Caldwell, E. C., Esq.

late

of the Bengal Army.

K. Eustomji, Esq., Bombay. Campbell, Sir George, K.C.S.I., M.P., 13, Cornwall Gardens, South Kensington, S.W. ^Carmichael, David F., Esq., Madras C.S., Ganjam.

*-j-CAMA,

®Carroll, Charles, Esq., H.M. First Vice-Consul, Foochow. Charnock, Dr. E. S., F.S.A., 8, Gray's Inn Square, W.C.

Chenery, Thomas, Esq., Lord Almoner’s Professor of Arabic, Oxford 17, Connaught-square, W. ;

MEMBERS.

LIST OF

0

^'Chevallier, E., Esq.

^Churchill, H. A. Esq., C.B., IT.M. Consul-General, Zanzibar.

fCLARK, Gordon W., Esq., 72, Great Tower-street, E.C. Clerk, Sir G. K., K.C.B., G.C.S.I., Carlton, S.W.

^Cochran, W., Esq., 289, Kennington-road. *^'CoLE, Captain Eobert A., Madras Staff Corps, Coorg. 't'lCoLEBROOKE, Sir T. E., Bart., M.P. Collett, Eev.

J. T., Prince's Bisborough, Buclcs.

*CooMARASWAMY,

W.

Cooper,

Sir Mutii, Colombo, Ceylon.

Secretary Soc. of Bibl. Archaeology

E., Esq.,

;

5,

Richmond Grove, Barnsbury, N. Cowell, Professor Edward B., 21, Fitzwilliam-st., Cambridge. fCRAWFORD, E. W., Esq., 71, Old Broad-street, E.C. Crl'ttenden, Captain C.

J.,

E.N., 16, Talbot-road, Baysicater,~W.

^CcNsiNGHAM, Majoi’-General

Army, Archaeo-

A., C.B., Bengal

Government of India. CuRzoN, A., Esq., 189, Hampstead-road. logical

Surveyor

to the

CusT, Eobert N., Esq., 61,

St.

George' s-square, S.W.

Dadabhai Naoroji, Esq. ’“'fDADABHAi Pestonji, Esq., Bombay.

*D’Alwis, James, Esq., Colombo, Ceylon, *-'Daltell, Sir Eobert A. 0.,

*Dashwood, H. W.,

H.M.

Consul, Bonstchouk.

Esq., Bengal C.S., Agra.

Davies, the Eev. John, 11, Belsize- square, fDAVis,

Sir

John Francis,

Bart.,

N.W.

K.C.B., Athenceum,

S.W.

;

Hollywood, near Bristol. ^'Deknvs, N. B., Esq., Hongkong. j-DERBV, the Eight Hon. the Earl

of,

36,

St.

James' s-square,

S.W.

*fDEsnMUKH, Krishnarao Gopal, Bombay High Court.

Esq., B.A., Barnster-at

*'Dickins, F. V. Esq., 9, Old-square, Lincoln’s Inn,

Dickikson, John, Esq.,

fDiCKissoN, Sebastian

^Dickson,

J.

Law,

W.C.

1, Tipper Grosvenor-street, \Y.

S.,

Esq., Brown’s Lodge, Stroud.

E. L., Esq., M.D., H.M. Legation, Teheran, Persia.

W., Esq., Teheran. Douglas, E. K., Esq., Prof, of Chinese, King’s

’"'Dickson,

Brit.

Coll.

London

;

Museum.

Dowson, Prof. John, Crowthorne, Wokingham, Berks. Drummond, the Hon. Edmund, 101, St. George’ s-square, S.W.

6

LIST OF

MEMBERS.

f Duff, Mountstuart Elphiiistone Grant, Esq., M.P., gate-gardens, South Kensington, W.

4,

Queen's-

Dymes, Daniel D., Esq., 9, Mincing-lane, E.O. ffEASTWiCK, Captain Win. J., 12, Leinster-terrace, Ilyde-park,^ fEASTwiCK, E. B., Esq., C.B., F.E.S., AtJienceum, S.W.

;

88, Holland-road, Kensington,

{Edgeworth, M.P., Club,

Usq., JIastrim House, Anerley, S.

;

Athenoeum

S.W.

Elliot, Sir Walter, K.C.S.I., Wolfelee, Hawick;

Travellers’,

S.W. {Erskine, Claude J., Esq., 87, Harley-street, W. Fergdsson, James, Esq., F.K.S., D.C.L., 20, iang'Aam-jpZace,W. ||B'’ori5ES,

Bombay

Charles, Esq.,

C.S.

fP'oRBES, James Stewart, Esq., Athenceum Club, S.W. J'oRSTER, the Eight Hon.

W.

E., M.P.,

Reform

Club,

S.W.

;

S.W. Madras.

80, Eccleston-square,

''Foulkes, the Eev. T.,

B^ranks, A.W., Esq., M.A., British

Museum;

103, Victoria-st.,

S.W. Freeland, H. W., Esq., Athenoeum, S.W. Frere, The Eight Hon. Sir H, Bartle E., G.C.S.I., K.C.B., India

Office,

Frere, W.

S.W.

;

Wressil Lodge, Wimbledon.

E., Esq., Litton Rectory, Bristol.

Frost, the Eev. George, M.A., 28, Kensington- square, W. * Fryer, Captain George, Madras Staff Corps, Rangoon. 'T'^uller, Captain, M.A.,

Gallenga, Mrs., The

fGAYNER, W.

C., Esq.,

LL.M., Barrister-at-Law, Madras.

Falls, Llandogo, Colford.

M.A., F.E.S. Ed.,

3,

Merton- sti-eet, Oxford.

Gillett, William Stedman, Esq., Harefield, Southampton.

*Glasfurd, Captain C. L. E., Nagpore. "Goldenblum, Dr. A. J., Odessa. Goldsmid, Sir Francis H., Bart., M.P., Regent’ s-park,

Q.C., St. John’s Lodge,

N.W.

[Goldsmid, Major-Gen. Sir F.

J.,

C.B., K.C.S.I.,

1,

Southwell-

gardens, Sotdh Kensington.

Gordon, Sir Arthur, Governor of Trinidad. Graham, Cyril C., Esq., 9, Cleveland-row, Delroe House, Watford.

*Grant, Charles, Esq., Bengal C.S. ||Grey, the Eight Hon. Sir Charles E.

St.

James's, S.W.

MEMBERS.

LIST OF

* Griffin, Lepel H., Esq., Bengal

7

C.S., Lahore.

^Griffith, E. T. H., Esq., M.A., Benares. *®Grindlay, Captain Eobert Melville.

Grote, Arthur, Esq., Athenaeum

Club,

S.W.

;

14:,

f Guest, E., Esq., F.E.S.,LL.D., Master of Caius *''Harcourt, Captain A. F. P., Oriental Club,

;

3Iall,

S.W.

Cambridge.

W.

M. de

^'Hart, F. E., Esq., F.E.G.S., M.P.L.S.,

Geograpbie, Paris

Pall

Coll.,

Societe de

la

Trinidad.

^'Hauvette-Besnault, Esq., 16, Rue Dusommerard, Paris.

Heath, the Eev. D.

I.,

Esher, Surrey, S.

^'Heeley, Wilfred L. Esq., B.A., Calcutta.

tHeming, Dempster, Esq. Henty, Walter, Esq., Nor thlands, Chichester ; WindhamClub, S.W. fllEY-n-ooD, James, Esq., F.E.S., Atheneeum, S.W. fHoDGSON, Brian Houghton, Esq., Alderley Grange, Wottonunder-Edge. f Hodgson, David, Esq.

Hogg, Sir James Weir, Bart., 4:, Carlton-gard. S.W. fHoLROYD, Thomas, Esq., Oriental Club, W. ^'j-HoLROYD, Captain

W.

;

India

Office,

E. M., Bengal Staff Corps, Director of

Public Instruction, Lahore.

*Holt, H. F. W., Esq., China. “'Hughes, T.

F.,

Esq.,

Oriental

Secretary, H.B.2I.

Embassy,

Constantinople.

Hughes, Captain Sir F., Ely House, Wexford. 'Huntee, W. W., Esq., B.A., Bengal C.S., Calcutta. Hutt, Benjamin, Esq., East India U.S.

Club,

S.W.

^'flMADAD Ally, Moulvi Syud, Judge of S. C. Court, Mozuffurpoor. J.\coB, Major-Gen. Sir G. Le Grand, C.B., K.C.S.I., 12, Queensborough-terrace, Kensington-gardens, “'I James, S.

•'f Jeejeebhoy, Sir Janisetji, Bart.,

Kaye,

Sir

W.

Harvey, Esq., Bengal C.S.

John W.,

^Taels.\ll, John, Esq.,

Madras

“fKEMB.\LL, Colonel Sir A. Hyde-park,

Bombay.

K.C.S.I., India Office,

S.W.

C.S.

B., C.B., K.C.S.I., 79, Queen’s-gate

W.

f Kennedy, E. H., Esq. j-KEER, Mrs. Alexander, 56, York-terrace, Regent' s-partc,

'Kielhorn, Dr.

F., Principal,

Deccan

College,

Poona.

N.W.

8

LIST OF MEMBERS.

Knighton, W., Esq., LL.D., Eastgate House, Bochester; Junior Athenceum Club, S.W.

*Knox, Thomas George, Laidlay,

J.

Esq., IT.M. Consul-General, Siam.

W., Esq., Seaeltff House, North Berwiclc, N.B.

fLAW, J. S., Esq., Oriental Club, W. fLAWFORD, Henry S., Esq., M.A., 28, Austin Friars, E.C. Lawrence, the Eight Hon. Lord, G.C.B., Athenaeum Club, S.W. 26, Queen’ s-g ate,

W.

Lawrence, F. W., Esq., M. North Ch. B.E.A.S.,

OaM'eigh,

Bechenham.

fLEES, Colonel W. Nassau, LL.D., Athenaeum, S.W. *Leitner, Gottlieb W., Esq., Ph.D., IVI.A., 22, Aberdeen-place, Jfaida-vale,

*Le

IVIesurier,

N.W.

Hy.

P., Esq.,

^Lethbridge. Frank, Esq.,

Chief Engineer, Jubbalpore Bailway Calcutta.

^''Lindsay, C. E., Esq., Bengal C.S., Mtiradabad.

f Linwood, the Eev. Wm., Birchfield, Handsioorth, Birmingham. Loch, Henry B., Esq., C.B., Douglas, Isle of Man.

Locke, H. Hover, Esq., Principal of the School of Art, Calcutta.

Loewe, Dr,

L.,

MS. A.

Paris, 1

&

2,

Oscar

Villas, Broadstairs,

Kent.

fLow, General Sir John, K.C.B., Clatto, Cupar, Ludlow, Major-General J., Oriental Club, W. •^Lumsden, Col. P.

S., C.S.I., 5,

Fifeshire.

Gloucester-terrace, Kensington, S.

''Lutchmeepathy Naidu Garoo, C.P., M.I.A., at-Law, Madras.

F.S.S.,

Bamster-

Lynch, T. K., Esq., 31, Cleveland-square. *Lyall, a.

C., Esq.,

fMAcDouALL, Prof.

Bengal C.,

C.S., Commissioner,

W. Berar.

M.A., Queen’s College, Belfast.

Mackenzie, the Eight Hon. Holt, 28, Wimpole-street, W. fMACKiNTOSH, Eneas, Esq., 9, Hyde-parh-square, W. IMacleod, Eight Hon. Sir J. MacPh., K.C.S.I., 1, Stanhopestreet,

Hyde-parh,

M'Neill, Sir

J.,

W.

G.C.B., F.E.S., Granton House, Edinburgh.

*"*fMAHDEWDAS, KuRSONDAS, Esq., Bombay.

Malcolm, Major-General G.

A., 67, Sloane-street,

S.W.

**fMANDLiK, Eao Sahib Vishvanath Narayan, Bombay.

Manockjee Cursetjee, Esq., Bombay. Marshman, John Clark, Esq., C.S.I., 7, Palace- Gardens, Kensington,

W.

LIST OF

*-'Masson,

M. I’Abbe

E.,

9

MEMBERS.

Memhre de

As. de Paris, 22, rue

la Soc.

de Londres, Paris.

fMATHESON, Sir James, Bart., E.E.S., 13, Cleveland-row, S.W. Matheson, Farcpbar, Esq., Oriental Club, W. Mater, Joseph, Esq., F.S.A., 68, Lord-street, Liverpool. *Mayers, W. F., Esq., China. Melvill, Philip, Esq., Ethj House, Lostwithiel.

Melvill, Major-Gen. Sir P. M.,C.B., 27, Palmeira-sq., Brighton. W. E. H., Esq. (^Bengal C.S.),2, Stafford Terrace, Ken-

‘“'Merk,

sington,

W.

f Mexborough, the Eight. Hon. the Earl of. Travellers' Club, W.C. ^"'Miles, Lieut.-Colonel Joseph, Bombay Staff Corps.

*Miles, Captain

S.

B.,

Bombay

Staff Corps

;

Assist.

Eesident,

Guadur, Melcran. f Milligan, J., Esq., F.G.S., F.L.S., 15, Northumberland- st., W.C. ^"Minchin, Major, Eesident of Bahawalpur, Punjaub.

"Mitford, a.

B.,

Esq., St. James's

Club

1a, Albert-terrace,

Knightsbridye.

*Mockler, Captain E., Bombay St. C., Guadur. Moffatt, G., Esq., M.P., 103, Eaton-square, S.W. Montefiore, Sir Moses, Bart., 7, Grosvenor-gate, Park-lane, W. East

Cliff

Lodge, Bamsgate.

fMoOR, the Eev. A.

P.,

M.A., F.E.G.S.,

St. Clement's Vicarage,

Truro.

Muir, John, Esq., D.C.L., LL.D., 10, Merchiston-avenue, Edinburgh; Athenceum Club, S.W. ''"fMuNMOHUNDAss Davidass, Esq., Bombay. *'fMuRRAY, the Hon. Sir C. A., K.C.B., H.M. Envoy, Lisbon. *Narasimmiyengar, V. N., Esq., Assistant Commissioner, Mysore. ’‘fNELSON, James Henry, Esq., M.A., Madras C.S., 87, Goicerstreet,

W.C.

’^Niemann, Professor G. K., Delft, Holland. ^"'Noer,

Count

de.

Major Henry MacFarlane, Madras Army. Northcote, the Eight Hon. Sir Stafford H., M.P., Athenceum Club, S.W. 42, Harley-street, W. *^“Norton, John Bruce, Esq., 1, Warrington-crescent, Maida^'Norris,

;

vale,

W.

Osborn, Major E. D., Bengal

St. C., 11,

Marlborough-road.

*^'fOsBORNE, Lieut.-Colonel Willoughby, C.B., Bhopal, India.

LIST OF MEMBERS.

10

*OvERBURY, E.

W.

‘'“'Palgrave,

N., Esq., G., Esq.,

Madras C.S. H.M. Consul,

Palmer, Professor Edward H., 1|Palmer, George, Esq., Bengal

St.

Thomas.

18, Broolcside, Cambridge.

Bijnore, Bengal.

C.S.-,

*"'Pandoorung, Crustnarao, Esq., 46, Fore-street, E.C.

|]Parbury, George, Esq.

fPARKER, John

F., Esq.

^'"Pearse, Lieut. -Colonel G. G., B.A., Gibraltar.

*"Pelly, Lieut.-Colonel Lewis, C.S.I., Busliir.

Perry, Sir T. Erskine, India

Office,

S.W.

'"Phayre, Major-Gen. Sir Arthur P., K.C.S.I., C.B., Governor of Mauritius. ‘•'Phillips, Eev. Maurice,

Missionary L.M.S.

Salem, South India.

;

PiiYA Eajanattayanuhar, His Excellency, Private Secretary ‘~'f to the King of Siam. PiLKiNGTON, C. Janies, Esq., M.P., Reform Club, S.W. PiNOOTT, Frederic, Esq., 77, Sumner-road, Beckham, S.E.

*'PiSANi,

f

Count Alexander, Constantinople.

latt, William, Esq., 115, Piccadilly,

‘'Platts,

John

S.W.

Conservative Club, St. James's,

W.

T., Esq., 40,

Windsor-road, Ealing,

W.

‘^Pollock, Colonel Sir Fred. E., K.C.S.I., East India

United

Service Club.

Poore, Major. *'PoPE, Eev. Dr. G. U., Bangalore.

Powis, the Eight Hon. the Earl

of,

45, Berkeley-square,

Priaulx, Osmond de Beauvoir, Esq.,

8,

W. W.

Cavendish-square,

‘^'Pritchard, J. C., Esq., Barrister-at-Law, Salem, India. ‘•"‘PucKLE, Lieut.-Colonel

PusEY,

‘'fEAJAH

S.

James, Mysore.

E. B., Esq., Pusey House, Farringdon.

Jaikishan

Dass

Bahadoor, Raees of Moradabad,

Rohailkhund, N.W.P. India.

*'Eamasvami Iyengar, B., Esq., Bangalore. fEANSOM, Edwin, Esq., Kempstone, Bedford. *^'Eatnavelu Chetti, P., Esq., 13, Bruton-street,

fEAWLiNSON, Major-General

Sir

H.

21, Charles-street, Berkeley-square,

Eedhouse,

W.

C., K.C.B., F.E.S., D.C.L.,

W.

J. W., Esq., 16, Kilburn Priory,

;

India

Office,

S.W.

N.W.

*Eeid, Prof. E. T., LL.D., Barrister-at-Law, Hotel Victoria, Rome. ||Eicketts, Mordaunt, Esq.

11

LIST OF MEMBERS.

Riddell, H.

Esq., late

B.,

Bengal Civil Service, Whitfield

House, Bothibury, Morpeth, Northumberland.

Ripon, the Most Hon. the Marquis •'^Rivett-Carnac,

Berars and

Esq.,

of, 1,

Carlton-gardens, S.W.

Commissioner for the

Cotton

C. Provinces, India.

^Robertson, Rev, ‘•"'Rogers,

H.,

J.

J. S, S.,

F.R.G.S., Duncrub Park, Perthshire.

Captain H. T., Madras.

‘'Rogers, E. T., Esq., Minister of Public Instruction, Cairo.

iRolland,

S. E., Esq.,

Junior United Service Club,

W.

Rollo, the Right Hon. Lord, Duncrub Castle, Perthshire.

Ronay, Dr. H.. Secretary, Hungarian Academy, Pesth. *^”Ross,

Lieut.-Colonel E. C., B.S.C., Political Agent, Muscat.

Rdmsey,

a.. Esq., 30, Coleherne-road,

S.W.

f Russell, Lord Arthur, M.P., 10, South Audley-street, W. Ryan, Right Hon. Sir Edward, 5, Addison-road, Kensington,

W.

f Sayce, Rev. A. H-, M.A., Queen's College, Oxford. St. John, Captain Robert, 20, The Terrace; Kensington-gardens Square, Bayswater, '•'St.

John, Major 0. B.

W.

C.,

Bengal Engineers.

Salisbury, the Most Hon. the Marquis

of,

Hatfield.

Sassoon, Sir Albert D., C.S.I. Sassoon, Reuben D., Esq., 95, Lancaster-gate, Hyde-parlc,

Sassoon, C.

J.,

W.

Esq., Ashley Park, Walton-on-Thames.

'•'Saunders, J. 0. B., Esq., 19, Phillimore-gardens, Kensington,

W.

ScARTH, the Rev. John, Milton next Gravesend. '•^Schindler, A. H., Esq., Persia.

''Schlagintweit, Dr. Emil, Wurzburg, Bavaria. ‘'Scott,

Matthew Henry,

Esq.,

Ahmedabad.

*'Seshagiri ShastrI, B.A., Tripatore. ••'Shidiak, Selim, Esq., Constantinople.

‘•'Shortt, Dr. John,

Madras.

‘'Showers, Col. C. L., Bengal Staff Corps, Umballa. ••'Siva Prasad, Babu, Inspector of Schools, Benares.

fSiGMOND, George Gabriel, Esq., M.D. ‘'Skene, J. H., Esq.,

HM.

Consul, Aleppo.

‘'Sladen, Lieut.-Colonel E. B.,

Madras

Staff Corps, Pol. Agent,

Mandelay.

fSMiTH,

Wm.

Bickford, Esq., Bedbrooke, Camborne.

Smith, John B., Esq., 105, Westbourne-terrace,

W.

Smith, Mrs. M. A., 34, Gt. Cumberland place, Hyde-park,

W.

12

LIST OF MEMBERS.

f Smith,

Thomas

Charles, Esq., 25, Oxford-square,

W.

Smollett, Patrick Boyle, Esq., Cameron House, Alexandria, Dumhartonsliire

;

Conservative Club, S.

W.

SouEATTY, G. N., Esq., 35, Great Ormond-street, Bussell-square,

W.C. f fSpoTTiswooDE, Wra., Esq., F.K.S., 50, Grosvenor-place, S.W. Stanley of Alderley*, the Eight lion. Lord, 15, Grosvenor-

W.

gardens, Hyde-parlc,

Stkachey, William, Esq., Oriental Club,

W.

**Strickland, Edward, Esq., Barbadoes.

*Stobbs, Major F. W., E.A., Bengal. f Talbot,

W. H.

^Taylor,

J. G., Esq., II.M. Consul,

Fox, Esq., F.E.S., Lacoclc Abbey, Chippenham. Erzeroum, Kurdistan.

Taylor, Col. Meadows, Old Court, Harold's Cross, near Dublin. ^'Temple, Sir Richard, K.C.S.I., Bengal C.S., Calcutta. *'fTiiAKUR,

Gorpai-shad,

W.

;

'^Thomas,

Taloolcdar

Esq.,

N.W.P. India. fTnoMAS, Edward, Esq.,

Baisivan,

Alligrirh,

F.R.S., 47, Victoria-road, Kensington,

Athenaeum, S.W.

Edward

Croft Greenway%

Esq.,

Madras

C.8., Civil

and Sessions Judge, Vizagapatam. *Thuillier, Col. H. E. L., C.S.I., F.R.S., Surveyor- General Government of India. j-TiEN Bey, the Rev. A., K.C.M., 10, Clifden

to

the

Square, '''Tolbort, T.

N.W. W. H.,

IITrevelyan, Colonel

Trubner,

Villas,

Camden

Esq., B.C.S., Mongomery, Punjab. II.

W., C.B., Bombay Army.

N., Esq., 29,

Upper Hamilton-terrace,

St.

John’s

Wood, N.W.

fURQUHART, David, Esq. Verney, Major Sir Hari’y,

Bt.,

M.P., 32, South-st., Parlc-lane,

•j-VYVYAN, Sir R. Rawlinson, Bart., F.R.S.,

j-VvvYAN, R. H.

S.,

W.

Athenmm, S.W.

Esq., Irewan, St. Colomb, Cornwall.

^•'Wade, T. F., Esq., C.B., Pekitig.

Walhouse, M. J., Esq., late of the Madras crescent, Maida Vale, W. * Walsh, Captain T. P. B., Oriental Club, W.

Warlow,

C.S., 9,

Randolph-

T. Meyler, M.A., LL.D., Hartley Wintney, Winchfield,

Hants.

Watson, Dr.

J. Forbes,

India

Office,

S.W.

LIST OF

^Westmacott, E. Vesey, Westwood, John, Esq., **Wheeler,

MEMBERS.

]3

Esq., Bengal Civil Service. 24, Coleman-street, E.C.

J. Talboys, Esq., Witham, Essex.

fWniTE, James, Esq., St. Fetershurg Cottage, Bayswater, W. ||WiLBKAHAM, Major Richard, Gibraltar. fWiLKiNSON, Robert, Esq., 22, Cuniberland-terrace, Begent'sparh,

N.W.

f Williams, Professor Monier, A.M., Oxford. ^"fWiLLiAMS, the Rev. Thomas, Bombay. ^“'fWiLMOT, Charles Webster, Esq., Deoghur, Bengal.

fWiLSON, the Rev. John, D.D., Bombay. *^'WisE, Dr.

Wise,

James.

J. P., Esq., Bostellan Castle, Cork.

**Wright, the Ven. Archdeacon H. *^'Young,

W., Esq., Bengal C.S.

**Yule, Colonel Henry, C.B.

P., Southsea.

14

LIST OF MEMBERS.

HIS HIGHNESS

NAWAB IKBAL UD-DAULAH BAHADUR.

Professor Dr. T. Aufrecht, Bonn.

The Rev. Prof. K. M. Banerjea, Calcutta. Pandita Bapu Deva Siistrin, Benares. Professor Dr. Theodor Benfey, Gottingen. Professor Ramkrishna Gopal Bhandarkar, Bombay. S. Birch, Esq.,

LL.D., British Museum, London.

Dr. Otto von Bolitlingk. Jena. Professor Dr. Hermann Brockhaus, Leipzig. The Rev. Robert Caldwell, D.D., LL.D.,

Tinnevelly;

Kildare Terrace, Bayswater, AV.

The Rev.

J.

Edkins, Pelcing, China.

Professor Dr. H. L. Fleischer, Leipzig.

Don

P. de

G ay an go s, Madrid.

Signor Gaspar Gorresio, Turin. Professor

AAkassili Grigorielf, St.

Petersburg.

Pandita Isvarachandra Vidyasagara, Calcutta.

M. N. de Khanikof,

Paris.

E. AV. Lane, Esq., Worthing. Professor Dr. Richard Lepsius, Berlin.

Professor Barbier de Me3’nard, Paris.

Babu

Riijendralal Mittra, Calcutta.

Professor F.

Max

Mtiller, Ph.D., M.A., Oxford.

Dr. J. Olshausen, Berlin. Professor Jules Oppert, Paris. Professor Ernest Renan, Paris. Professor Dr. Rudolph Roth, Tubingen.

Baron McGuckin de

Slane, Paris.

Dr. Aloys Sprenger. Wabern, Switzerland. Professor Dr. A. F. Stenzler, Breslau.

Syed Ahmed Khan, K.C.S.I., Alligurh. Ahmed A^efik Effendi, Constantinople. Professor Dr. A. AA^eber, Berlin. Professor Dr. N. L. AA^estergaard, Copenhagen.

Professor AAk D.

AA’hitne}'^,

Newhaven, Conn., U.S.

30,

LIST OF MEMBERS.

By

15

tbe regulations of the Society, as amended in 1850, no further additions can he made to the list of the Corresponding oi- Foreign Members ; the Elections being restricted to Resident, Non-Resident, and Honorary Members.

Baron de

Cetto, Travellers’’ Chib.

M. Alexander de Chodzko,

Paris.

Professor Bernhard Dorn, St. Petersburg. Professor Garcin de Tassy, Paris.

William B. Hodgson, Esq.,

New

Yorh.

Professor Dr. Christian Lassen, Bonn.

Senhor Joaquim Jose de Costa de Macedo, Lisbon. Professor Dr. Julius Mohl,

Membre

de VInstitut, Paris.

Professor Gustavus Seyffarth, United States.

LIST OF MEMBERS.

16

p:embers.

Olorrii.‘5|}oiutini9

[See Note p. 15.]

Sir Eutherford Alcock, K.C.B., late

Flen. at Pelcing le

;

H.B.M. Envoy

Extr. and Min.

14, Great Queen-street, Westminster, S.ir.

Chevalier E. G. Arbauere, Paris.

Lieut-General Sir George Balfour, K.C.B., M.P., gardens, Westhourne-terrace,

6,

Cleveland-

W.

Dr. E. Carmoly, Brussels. Dr. J. F. J. Cassel, Paderborn.

Monsieur N. D’Avezac, Paris. Maharaja Kali Krishna Bahadur,

Calcutta.

Francis C. McGregor, Esq. Colonel James Mackenzie, Bengal Army.

W. H.

Medhurst, Esq., II.B.M. Consul, PTang-kow.

Signor G. Michelotti, Turin. Dr. A. D. Mordtmann, Constantinople. Professor F. Neve, University of Louvain.

M.

Caesar Maria Noy, Venice.

P. Parker, Esq., M.D., Washington. Sir

Harry

P. Parkes, K.C.B., II.B.M. Min. Plen. in Japan.

The Chevalier Etienne

Pisani, Constantinople.

Christian A. Eassam, II.B.M. Vice- Consul, Mosul.

M. Augustus

Sekakini, Egypt.

The Eev. W. M. Thompson, J.

W. Walker,

Beyrut.

Esq.

Eichard Wood, Esq., C.B., II.B.M. Consul-General, Tunis.

BTEPHEN AUSTIN AND SONS, PRINTERS, HERTPORD.

JOUE^AL OF

THE ROYAL ASIATIC Art.

The

I.

Manual of

Upasampadd-Kamniavdcd being the

and Deacons.

By

Notes.

SOCIETY.

Form and Manner The Pdli

J. F.

Text,

the

Buddhist

of Ordering of Priests

with a

Translation and

Dickson, B.A., sometime Student of

Christ Church, Oxford,

now

of the Ceylon Civil Service.

In May, 1872, I was invited by my learned friend and pandit Kewitiyagala Unnans4, of the Malwatte Monastery in

Kandy, to

to

be present at an ordination service, held, according

custom, on the full-moon day of Wesak, (May, June),

being the anniversary of the day on which Gautama Buddha attained Nirvana, B.c. 543.

I gladly availed myself of this

opportunity of witnessing the celebration of a rite of which

Englishmen have but if ever,

little

knowledge, and which has rarely,

been witnessed by any European in Ceylon.

Nothing could be more impressive than the order and It was impossible not to feel that the ceremony was being conducted precisely as it was more than two thousand years ago. The chapter house (Sinhalese, Poya-ge) is an oblong hall, with rows of pillars forming an inner space and leaving broad aisles at the sides. At the top of this inner space sat the aged Abbot (Sinhalese, Maha Nayaka), as president of the chapter; on either side of him sat the elder priests, and down the sides sat the other priests in number between thirty and forty. The chapter or assembly thus formed three sides of an oblong. The president sat on cushions and a carpet the other priests sat on mats covered with white calico. They all sat crosssolemnity of the proceedings.

;

legged.

On

behind the VOL. VII.

the fourth side, at the foot, stood the candidates,

pillars

on the right stood the deacons, the

— [new series.]

left 1

was

THE BUDDHIST MANUAL OF THE FORM AND MANNER

2

given up to the

visitors,

and behind the candidates

at the

bottom was a crowd of Buddhist laymen.

To form a chapter

for this purpose not less

than ten duly

ordained priests are required, and the president must be not less

The

than ten years’ standing from his Upasampada ordination. priests attending the chapter are required to

give their

and devout attention throughout the service. Every priest is instructed to join heart and mind in the exhortations, responses, formulas, etc., and unremitting,

undivided,

to correct every error, lest the oversight of a single mistake

should vitiate the efficacy of the the

ordination

candidates

are

Previously to the

rite.

subjected

to

a

strict

and

searching examination as to their knowledge of the discoui’ses of Buddha, the duties of a priest, etc.

ordination

is

An

examination and

held on the full-moon day in Wesak, and on the

three succeeding

Poya

days, or days of quarters of the moon.

After witnessing the celebration of this

Upasampada-Kammavaca or book manner of ordering of priests and

rite,

I read the

setting forth the form

and

deacons, and I was subse-

it. This manual was translated by Padre Maria Percoto (Missionary in

quently induced to translate into Italian in 1776,

Ava and Pegu), under

the

title

of “ Kammuva, ossia trattato

della ordinazione dei Talapoini del secondo ordine detti Pinzi,”

was edited in 1841, in Pali and Latin, by Clough translated it in 1834, and Hardy Professor Spiegel. has given an interesting summary of it in his Eastern Monachism but neither the text nor any complete translation is readily accessible, and I have therefore thought that and a portion of

it

;

this edition

might possibly be acceptable

to those

who

desire

information respecting the practice of Buddhism in Ceylon,

where, as

is

Dictionary,

almost

well pointed out

(s.v.

Nibbanam,

its pristine

With regard system adopted Dictionary.

by Mr.

Childers, in his Pali

p. 272, note),

“Buddhism

retains

purity.”

to

the

(after

transliteration,

Fausboll)

I

have used

by Mr. Childers

in

the his

In the translation I have placed in italics the the text, and all explanations and

rubrical directions in

amplifications of the text I have placed in square brackets.

OF ORDERING OF PRIESTS AND DEACONS.

3

I have thus endeavoured to give a translation of the text as

same time, to set out the ordination and completely, precisely in the form in use in Ceylon at the present time, as I have myself witnessed it. No one who compares this form with that given in article XV. of Hodgson’s “Literature and Religion of the Buddhists in Nepaul,” can fail to be struck with the purity and simplicity

it

stands, and, at the

service fully

of the Ceylon rite as contrasted with that in use

among the

Xorthern Buddhists. J.

Kandy,

9an

Gando.

N’atthi bhante.

N’atthi bhante.

Soso.

te sacca-

sahghamajjlie pucchante santaih attihti

vattabbaih, asantaih n’attbiti vattabbaih.

maiikn abusi.

•

me

anusaseyyaih. Suuasi Ndga. Ayarii

Yam jdtaiii taih

kdlo bhiitakalo.

bhante.

Sundtu

Nago ayasmato Tissassa upasampaddpekho. Yadi sahghassa

sahgho.

Md

ti.

kbo

Ma

vittbasi.

kho

Santi te evarupa dbddhd,

N’atthi bhante.

Apamdro. N’atthi

N’atthi

Kildso.

bliante. Manusso’si.

Puriso’si. Ama bhante. Bhujiso’si. Ama bhante. AnaAma bhante. N’asi rdjabhato. Ama bhante. Aunnuato’si mdtdpitiihi. Ama bhante. Paripnnnavisativasso’si. Ama bhante.^ Paripiiunaih te pattacivaram. Ama bhante. Kinndmo’si. Abam bhante Ndgo

Ama

bliante.

no’si.

udma. Kondmo

Upajjhayo

te npajjhdyo.

me

bhante dyasmd Tissatthero

ndma. Soudtii me bhante sahgbo. Ndgo dyasmato Tissassa upasampaddpeklio. Amisittho so

maya. Yadi saiighassa pattakallam Ndgo dgaccheyya

dgacchdhiti vattabbo. mi.

Sahgbaih bhante iipasampadaih ydcd-

Agacchdlii,

Ulliimpatu maih lihante saugho anukampaih iipddaya.

bhante saiighaih upasampadaih ydcdmi.

anukampaih mi.

Tatiyam

iipaddya.

Dutiyam

bhante sanghaiii upasampadaih ydcd-

pi

Ullnmpatu maih bhante sahgho anukampaih upadaya. Sundtu

bliante sahgho.

Ndga. Ayaih

Sautaiii

attihti

te

ahaiii

Ndgaih antardyike dhamme puccheyyaih.

saccakdlo bbutakdlo.

vattabbaih.

N’atthi bhante.

Asantaih

Yaiii jdtaih taih

ii’atthiti

N’atthi bhante.

evanipd dbddhd, kutthaih. Kildso.

me

Ayaih Ndgo dyasmato Tissassa upasampaddpekho. Yadi

sahghassa pattakallaih Suniisi

pi

Ullnmpatu maih bhante saugho

Gando.

N’atthi bhante.

Soso.

pucchami.

vattabbaih.

Santi

te

N’atthi bhante.

Apamdro.

N’atthi

Ama bliante. Puriso’si. Ama bhante. Bhujisso’si. Ama bhante. Anaiio’si. Ama bhante. N’asi rdjabhato. Ama bhante. Aniihndto’si matd|>itulii. Ama bhante. Paripunnavisativasso’si. Ama bhante. Paripuiinan te civaraiii. Ama bhante. Kiiindmo’si. Aham

bliante.

Maiuisso’si.

bliante

Ndgo ndma.

Kondmo

ayasind Tissatthero ndma.

te

Sundtu

inato Tissassa upasainpadapeklio. Psri|iiinnassa

pattaeivaraiii.

dyasniatd Tisseua upajjhayena.

upajjhdjo.

Upajjhayo

me

bhante

me bhante sanglio. Ayaih Ndgo ayasParisuddlio aiitardyikehi dliammehi.

Ndgo

saiighaih

upasampadaih

ydcati

Yadi sahghassa pattakallaih saugho

OF OEDEEIXG OF PEIESTS AXD DEACONS.

0

Nagam npasampclde3’ya dj-asmatd Tissena npajjhayena, esd natti. Sundtu me bhante sanglio. Aj’aiii Ndgo dyasmato Tissassa upasatnpadapekho. Parisuddho antardjdkehi dbammehi. Paripunnassa pattacivaraih. Nago sanghaifa

Ndgam

upasampadam

khamati

ayasmata Tissena

upasampada

Ndgassa

vadami.

Sundtu

me bhante

Ayam Ndgo

so

etam attham

dyasmato Tissassa

Ndgo

sahghaiii

upasampadam

ydcati aj'asmata Tissena

Sangho Ndgaiii upasampddeti ajasmata Tissena upajjhd-

upajjh'dyena.

Yass’ayasmato, khamati Nagassa upasampada dj'asmata Tissena

Yassa na khamati so bhdseyya.

npajjhayena so tunTiassa.

etam attham vadami.

Sundtu bhante sangho.

upasampaddpekho.

Tissassa

Parisuddho

dyasmatd Tissena upajjhdj’ena. Tissena upajjhdj-ena.

Yass’dyasmato khamati Ndgassa upasampada

Khamati sahghassa tasma

tahbd cattdri

tunhi.

metabhd.

bhdgo dcikkhitahbo.

Yassa na kliamati so bhd-

dj’asmatd Tissena upajjhdyena.

Evam etam

Utupamdnam

dhdraj'dmiti.

Tattha

te

Divasa-

dcikkhitahharii.

Cattdro nissayd dcikkhi-

Sahgiti dcikkhitabhd.

Pindiyalopabhojanam

ca akaraniydni dcikkhitabbdni.

nissdya pabhajjd.

j’dcati

Sangho Ndgara upasampddeti dyasmata

Upasampanno sahghena Ndgo

chdj’d

dyasmato

dhammehi,

antardjdkehi

dj'asmatd Tissena upajjhdyena so tunh’assa.

Tdvad eva

Tatiyam pi

Ayam Ndgo

Ndgo sahgham upasampadam

paripunn’assa pattacivaram.

seyya.

pi

Parisuddho antarajdkehi dhammehi, paripnnn’assa

upasampadapekho. pattacivaram.

sangho.

Yass’aj-asmato

npajjhayena

Dutiyam

blidsej-ya.

Saiigbo

iipajjbdj'ena.

Tissena

aj^asmatd

Yassa na khamati so

tunh’assa.

yena.

ydcati

upasampadeti aj^asmata Tissena upajjhdj’ena.

ydvajivam ussdho karanij’O. Atirekalabho,

sahghabhattam uddesahhattaih nimantanam saldkabhattam pakkiiikarh uposathikaih pdtipadikam. pahbajjd.

Tattha

kappdsikam

te

Ama

hhante.

koseyyam

Tattha

Ama bhante.

hammiyam

bhante ussdho

guha.

Piitimuttabhesajjam nissdya pabhajjd. Tattha te j’dvajivam

ussdho karanij’O.

Ama

khomam

Ama

te j’dvajivam

Atirekaldhho, vihdro addhaj’ogo pdsddo

karaniyo.

Atirekaldhho, sappi navanitaih

bhante.

patisevati

telaiii

madhupphdni-

Upasampannena bhikkhund methuno dhammo

na patisentahho, antamaso tiracchdnagatdya pi.

dhammam

Atirekalabho

kambalam sdnam bhangam.

Rukkhamiilasendsanaiii nissdya pahhajjd.

tam.

Pahsukiilacivaram nissdya

j’dvajivam ussdho karaniyo.

Yo bhikkhu methunam Sej’j’athd pi ndma

assamano hoti asakyaputtiyo.

puriso sisacchinno ahhabbo tena sarirabandhanena jivitum

evameva

THE BUDDHIST MANUAL OF THE FOEM AND MANNER

6

bhikkhu metluinam Taih

te ydvajivaih

dhammam

patisevitva assamaiio hoti asakyaputtiyo.

Ama

akaraiuyaih.

bhante.

Upasampanneua bhikkhund adiiinaih theyyasankhataih na adatabbarii, antamaso tinasalakam updddya. vd adiniiaih

atirekapadarii

baritattdya,

evameva bbikkhu

assamauo hoti

pddaiii va paddrabaiii va atireka-

padaiii va adinnaiii theyyasankhataiii adiyitva

Taiii te yavajivaiii akaraiuyaih.

puttiyo.

vd pddarabaih va

adiyati

Seyyatha pi udma paiidupaldso baiidliand pamutto

asakyaputti}'0.

abbabbo

Yo bhikkhu pddam

tbeyyasaukhdtaiii

Upasampaniiena bhikkhuna sancicca

Ama

assamano hoti asakyabhante.

pdiio jivita iia voropetablio, anta-

maso kuiithakipillikaih updddya. Yo bhikkhu sancicca manussaviggaham jivitd voropeti,

antamaso gabbhapdtanam updddya, assamano

hoti asakya-

Scyyathd pi ndma puthusild dvedhdbhinnd appatisandhikd

puttiyo.

evameva bhikkhu sancicca manussaviggahaih Taih

hoti asakyaputtiyo.

te ydvajivaih

Ama

akaraiuyaih.

Upasampanneua bhikkhund uttarimanussadhammo na antamaso suundgdre abliiramdmiti.

Yo bhikkhu

hoti,

voropetvd assamano

jivdtd

bhante. ullapitabbo,

papiccho icclidpakato

asantaih abhutaih uttarimanussadhaiumaih ullapati jhdnaih vd vimokiiaih vd sainddliiih vd

puttiyo. Seyyathd pi

maggaih vd phahuii vd assamano

ndma

tdlo

evameva bhikkhu papiccho icchapakato inanussadhammaih

ullapitd

yavajivaiii akaraiuyaih.

hoti asakya-

matthakacchinno abhabbo punavirulhiyd, abhutaih

asantaih

assamano hoti asakyaputtiyo.

Ama

uttari-

Taiii

te

bhante.

THE ORDINATION

SERVICE.

Praise be to the Blessed One, the Holy One, to the knowledge of

[The candidate, accompanied by

all

him who has

arrived at

Truth.

his Tutor, in the dress of a layman,

but having the yellow rohes of a priest in his arms, makes the usual olieisance

and offering

to the President of the chapter,

and standing

says,]

Grant

me

Again,

Lord, graciously grant

leave to speak.

deacon’s orders. lord, I

Kneels doivn.

Lord,

these yellow' robes,

and

let

me

me

admission to

pray for admission as a deacon.

pray for admission as a deacon.

pray for admission as a deacon.

all

I

A

third time, lord,

I

In compassion for me, lord, take

be ordained,

in

order to the destruction of

sorrow, and in order to the attainment of Nirvana.

To

be repeated

OF OEDEKING OF PRIESTS AND DEACONS.

me, lord,

g-ive

me those

yellow robes, and

to the destruction of all sorrow,

To

In compassion

[The President takes the bundle of robes.]

three times. for

of robes, the yellow

and

be ordained, in order

order to the attainment of Nirvana.

in

[And

be repeated three times.

me

let

i

the President then gives the bundle

band of which be

round the neck of the

ties

candidate, reciting the while the tacapancakarii, or formula of meditation

human

on the perishable nature of the

body, as follows

kesa loma

:

the body, nails,

hair of — taco dantd nakhd lomd kesd. Hair of the hair of the body, hair of teeth, skin — skin, teeth,

The

candidate then rises up, and retires to throw off the dress

nakha danta taco

the head.

he'ad,

nails,

AVhile changing his dress

of a layman, and to put on his yellow robes.

he recites the following

:

—Patisankha yoniso civaram patisevami yavad

eva sitassa patighdtaya unhassa patighdtaya daiiisamakasavdtatapa-

sirimsapasamphassanam patighdtaya yavad eva hirikopinapaticchddanIn

atthaiii.

wisdom

I

put on the robes, as a protection against cold,

as a protection against heat, as a protection against gadflies and quitoes, ness,

wind and sun, and the touch of serpents, and

i.e.

I

or show.

wear them

for

ornament

Having says,]

Grant

and

lord.

Lord, forgive

my

be shared by

my

me

me

all

lord.

lord.

leave to speak. precepts.

and not

mus-

naked-

put on the yellow robes, he returns to the side of his

tutor,

gained by

in all humility, for use only,

to cover

leave to speak.

my

It is fitting to give

It is

good,

make

I

obeisance to

Let the merit that

faults.

it is

good.

me I

I

my

have gained

to share in the merit

share in

Grant

it.

me

Graciously give me, lord, the three refuges and the

[He kneels down.]

Lord, I pray for the refuges and the

precepts.

[The tutor gives the three refuges and the ten precepts the candidate

still

kneeling, and repeating

them

after

a‘s

sentence. I.

Buddhaih saranam gacchami.

Dhammam

saranam gacchami.

Saughaih saranam gacchami.

Dutiyam

pi

buddhaih saranaiii gacchami.

Dutiyam

pi

dhammam saranam

Dutiyam

pi sanghaiii saranaih

Tatiyam

pi

buddhaih saranam gacchami.

Tatiyam

pi

dhammam

Tatiyam

pi sahghaiii

gacchdml.

gacchdmi.

saranam gacchdmi.

saranam gacchami.

follows,

him sentence by

Saranattayaih.

THE BUDDHIST MANUAL OF THE FORM AND MANNER 2

.

Pdndtipatd veramani sikkhapadaih.

Adinnadana veramani sikkhdpadaih. Abrahmacariya veramani sikkhapadaih.

Musavada veramani sikkhapadaih. Siirdmerayamajjapamadatthana veramani sikkhdpadaih. Vikalahiiojana veramani sikkhdpadarii.

Naccagitavdditavisukadassand veramani sikkhdpadam.

Malagandhavilepanadharanamandanavibhiisanatthana

veramani

sikkhapadaih.

Uccasayanamahdsayaiid veramani'sikkhapadaih. Jataniparajatapatiggahana veramani sikkhapadaih.

Dasasikkha-

padaih. 1

.

The Three Refuges. I

put

I

put

I

put

my my my

trust in

Buddha.

trust in the

Law.

trust in the Priesthood.

Again

I

put

Again

I

put

Again

I

put

my my my

trust in

Buddha.

trust in the

Law.

trust in the Priesthood.

my trust in Buddha. my trust in the Law. put my trust in the Priesthood.

Once more

I

put

Once more

I

put

Once more

I

2

The

.

ten precepts or laws of the Priesthood.

Abstinence from destroying Abstinence from

life

;

theft

Abstinence from fornication and

all

uncleanness

Abstinence from lying Abstinence from fermented liquor,

spirits

and strong drink which

are a hindrance to merit

Abstinence from eating at forbidden times Abstinence from dancing, singing, and shows

Abstinence from adorning and beautifying the person by the use of garlands, perfumes and unguents

;

OF OEDEEING OF PEIESTS AND DEACONS.

9

Abstinence from using a high or a large couch or seat Abstinence from receiving gold and silver

means

are the ten

[The candidate I

my

Give

me

share in

to his Tutor.]

May

faults.

a moral

life).*

says,]

[He

Permit me.

have received these ten precepts.

makes obeisance all

(of leading

Lord,

I

make

my

lord.

It is

good,

me

Forgive

my

the merit I have gained be shared by

to share in the merit of

and

rises up,

obeisance.

it is

lord.

good.

I

it.

[This completes the ordination of a deacon, and the candidate retires.]

The

foregoing ceremony

a priest in

all cases,

as a deacon.

is

gone through previous

If the candidate is duly qualified for the priestly office,

can proceed at once from deacon’s to priest’s orders pass a term of instruction as a deacon deacon’s orders must solicit

ceremony when presented

The up

to the ordination of

even where the candidate has already been admitted

;

hut a candidate

:

he

otherwise he must

who has

received

them again, and go through the above

for priest’s orders.

candidate, being duly qualified, returns with his tutor, and goes

presenting an offering, and makes

to the President of the chapter,

obeisance, saying,]

Permit support.®

me to speak. Lord, He kneels down.

me

graciously grant

Lord,

I

your sanction and

pray for your sanction and

support; a second time, lord, I pray for your sanction and support;

a third time, lord, superior. well.

This

[And

three times. to

my

lord.

is

I

pray

for

your sanction and support.

[The President

repeated three times.

the candidate replies,]

From

this

I

my

day forth

am lord

content. is

[This vow of mutual assistance]

[The candidate rises

up,

makes

obeisance,

of the assembly, where his alms-bowl tutor then goes down, takes

him by

placing him in front of the President.

is

my is

and

This

charge.

Lord, be says,] is

I

tutors.**

The

charge

repeated three times. retires alone to the foot

the hand, and brings

His

him hack,

of the assembled priests

stands up, and places himself on the other side of the candidate,

stands between two

repeated

am

strapped on to his back.

One

my

It is

who thus

tutors say to the assembly,]

With

your permission, [and then proceed to examine the candidate as to his 1

See Khuddakap&tha, by E. C. Childers, pp.

2, 3.

the BUDDHIST MANUAL OF THE FORM AND MANNER

10

fitness to

be admitted

so, lord.

Your superior

Your name

to priest’s orders].

the venerable Tissa? It

is

N%a?

is

It is

[Tlie

lord.

is so,

two tutors together say,] Praise be to the Blessed one, the Holy one,

him who has arrived

commands

the following

knowledge of

at the

of Buddha.]

AVlieii the superior

superior.

all

[They then

Truth.

First

right to appoint a

is

it

has been appointed,

to

recite

right to inquire

it is

whether the candidate has alms-howl and robes [which they do as follows].

robe?

your alms-howl?

Is this

Go and stand

It is so, lord.

going backwards

The

of them says,]

Priests,

hear me.

Now

down

President, and go

whom

candidate,

Naga.

This

assembly, say that

if it

he true, not.

is

it

they

When

has occurred.

lord.

obeisance to the

instruct

and examine as

meet

it is

to say so

;

if it

he not true,

Have you any such

man?

Are you a

from debt? Yes,

Are you exempt from military

Have you come with

Are you of the

full

Naga.

superior

is

What

is

them

says,]

Priests,

the venerable Tissa.

the

make

hear me.

He

him

to approach.

free

Yes,

service.

lord.

What

name

of

is

Are your alms-

your name? Lord,

your

superior?

[The two

[One

I

Lord,

tutors here

go

am my

to the

obeisance to the President, and one of

The candidate

desires ordination under

has been duly instructed by me.

time of the assembly of priests. tell

Are

lord.

the permission of your parents? Yes, lord.

called the venerable Tissa.

top of the assembly, and

to

inquire

Are you

Yes, lord.

age of twenty years? Yes, lord.

howl and robes complete? Yes, called

free

meet

Asthma? No,

Are you a human being? Yes,

Epilepsy? No, lord.

it is

diseases as these?

Itch? No, lord.

you a male? Yes, lord.

lord.

what

state

They

Conceal nothing.

not hesitate.

Bolls? No, lord.

lord.

Listen,

follows.]

the truth, to

asked concerning anything in the midst of the

Do

lord.

make

tutors

the foot of the assembly, and join the

to

of the candidate as follows. Leprosy? No,

and one

the time of the assembly of priests.

is

the time for jmu to speak

is

under

retires,

Tlie candidate desires ordination

[The

the candidate.

instruct

[The candidate here

there.

tutors remain in front of the President,

under the venerable Tissa. will

Is this the

It is so, lord.

a reverential posture, and stands at the lower corner

in

of the assembly.

I

Is this the stole?'

It is so, lord.

upper robe?

Is this the

It is so, lord.

If the candidate is here,

of the tutors says.]

Come

candidate comes up, and stands between the tutors,

Now it is

is

the

right to

hither.

[The

makes obeisance

to

the assembly, and kneels down. Priests, I ask tbe assembly for ordination. Priests,

have compassion on me, and

lift

me

up."^

A

second time, lords.

OF ORDERING OF PRIESTS AND DEACONS. I

ask the assembly for ordination

lift

me

A

up.

lords,

;

11

have compassion on me, and

third time, lords, I ask the assembly for ordination.

Lords, have compassion on me, and

The

and makes obeisance.

lift

tutors

me

[The candidate

up.

of priests.

examine

will

I

respecting the disqualifications for the priestly

This

the time for you to speak

is

I will

inquire of you concerning facts.

is

a thing

;

if

is

diseases as these

not,

Leprosy ? No,

?

Asthma? No,

lord.

right to say

Itch

lord.

No,

?

Are you a human Are you

lord.

AVhat

lord.

Are

the permission of your parents? Yes, lord.

is

the

What

lord.

name

is

Are your alms-bowl

your name? Lord,

of your superior?

My

[Here ends the examination

called the venerable Tissa.

in

the midst

He

candidate desires ordination under the venerable Tissa.

from disqualifications.

He

am

I

superior, lord,

of the assembly, and one of the tutors reports the result as follows.] is

has his alms-bowl and robes complete.

This free

The

assembly for ordination under his superior the

candidate asks the

The assembly

venerable Tissa.

gives the candidate ordination under

his superior the venerable Tissa.

If

any of the venerable assembly

approves the ordination of the candidate under the venerable Tissa,

him be

silent

matter.

;

if

Priests,

any objects, hear me.

He

venerable Tissa.

is

let

him speak.

A

second time

let

I state this

This candidate desires ordination under the free

from disqualifications

His alms-bowl and robes are complete.

office.

it

from

and robes complete? Yes,

is

No,

?

age of twenty years? Yes, lord.

full

is, it is

free

Have you come with

Ndga.

Boils

lord.

Naga,

what has occurred.

Have you any such

not.

Epilepsy? No, lord.

lord.

Are you a male? Yes,

debt? Yes, lord.

called

it is

candidate

the

Are you exempt from military service? Yes,

beiug? Yes, lord.

you of the

If a thing

right to say

is

it

the

is

Listen,

office.

the truth, to state

This

Now

candidate desires ordination under the venerable Tissa.

time of the assembly

rises up,

hear me.

Priests,

say,]

for

the priestly

The candidate asks

the priestliood for ordination under his superior the venerable Tissa.

The assembly

gives the candidate ordination under his superior the

venerable Tissa.

If

tion of the candidate silent

;

if

any

Priests, listen.

Tissa.

He

is

any of the venerable assembly approve the ordinaunder his superior the venerable Tissa,

objects, let

him speak.

let

him be

third time I state this matter.

This candidate desires ordination under the venerable free

from disqualifications for the priestly

alms-bowl and robes are complete. for ordination

A

The

office.

His

candidate asks the priesthood

under his superior the venerable Tissa.

The assembly

12

the BUDDHIST MANUAL OF THE FORM AND MANNER

gives

tlie

candidate ordination under

superior the venerable Tissa.

liis

any of the venerable assembly approves the ordination of the candidate

If

under his superior the venerable Tissa, let him he let

him speak. and

dent,

The

say,]

hood under

:

therefore

[The ordination

silent

if

;

any

objects,

obeisance to the Presi-

candidate has received ordination from the priestTlie assembly approves

his superior the venerable Tissa.

the resolution

So

keeps silence.

it

understand your wish.

I

here ended, and the candidate retires to the foot of

is

the assemhlj-, in which the tutors is

make

[Tlie tw o tutors here again

now resume

repeated with each candidate, and when

The ceremony

their seats.

the candidates have been

all

ordained, one of the assembly (generally one of the tutors) rises up, and

addresses the following exhortation to the recently ordained priests,

who

stand in a reverential attitude.]

meet to measure the shadow of the sun.®

It is

season.

It is

meet

these together.

meet

meet

It is

alms-bowl

strive so

long as

So

a requisite of a priest.

is

The

shall last.

life

whole body of the priests

number

;

offered

moon

of priests

by

the foot of a tree

is

It is

collected

for

you to :

a certain

in

fifteen

days; rice

on the day following

full-

long as

coM^s butter

;

life

cream

last.

So

;

shall last.

life

large halls ;

;

;

rape

oil

must not indulge

a female of any kind.

If

;

it is

The

Thus

The honey

Yes, lord.

So lodged,

Lodging it is

at

good of

following exceptions are

houses of more than one story

rock caves.

shall last.

clad,

Tlie following ex-

of linen, of cotton, of silk, of wool,

a requisite for a priest.

is

priest

life shall

a requisite for a priest.

monasteries

to strive so

A

good

rice offered to

;

materials together.**

five

houses surrounded by walls

medicine

made

robes

;

you to strive so long as ;

fed, it is

pieces of rag are a requisite of a priest.

hemp, or of these

allowed

Food

commit.

once

offered

rice offered

;

you to strive so long as

ceptions are allowed of

to tell all

Yes, lord.

day.

for

to tell the

meet

on special invitation to a particular

rice

lot;^

on the full-moon days

Rohes made of good

rice offered

offered

rice

meet

following exceptions are allowed

rice offered to the

priest;

It is

to tell the four requisites for a priest.^

to tell the four sins forbidden to priests to

in the

It is

to tell the division of the day.

Yes, lord. provided,

Cow’s urine as

it is

good

for

you

following exceptions are allowed ;

sugar.

Yes, lord.

in sexual intercourse, in short not

any priest indulges

even with

in sexual intercourse,

he

OF ORDERING OF PRIESTS AND DEACONS. ceases to be a priest, and

whose head

is

cut off

is

is

no longer a son of Sakya.

unable to

does a priest

live, so

in sexual intercourse cease to be a priest, or to

be avoided by you as long as

is to

A

priest

must not

Yes, lord.

take, with dishonest intent, anything

given to him, not even a blade of grass.

which

as a sere leaf loosed from priest

its

who, with dishonest

by you as long as

to he avoided

A the

priest life

If

ant.**

much

become green,

so a

has taken anything which has not

be a son of Sakya.

priest, or to life

shall last.

must not knowingly destroy human

of an

dis-

no longer a son of Sakya. J ust

stalk can never again

intent,

been given to him, ceases to he a is

is

not

is

any priest takes, with

If

honest intent, either a quarter of a pagoda,* or anything worth as or more, he ceases to be a priest, and

man

Just as a

who has indulged

he a son of Sakya. This

shall last.

life

13

This

Yes, lord. in short not ev'en

life,

any priest destroys human

life

even by causing

abortion, he ceases to be a priest, or to be a son of Sakya.

Just as a

large rock once cleft in two can never be iT-uuited, so does a priest

who has knowingly

destroyed

be a son of Sakya.

This

last.

A

human

is to

cease to be a priest, or to

life,

be avoided by you as long as

life

shall

Yes, lord. priest

saying,

“I

must not lay claim

for sake of gain untruly fection,

to

more than human

perfection, even

delight in a solitary hut.” If any priest with evil intent

and

falsely lays claim to

by

and

more than human per-

whether a state of mystic meditation,* or freedom from passion,”

or perfect tranquillity,” or a state of absorption removed

from

all

worldly influence," or attainment of the four paths, or of the fruition of those paths,** he ceases to be a priest, and

Just as a palm)Ta

tree, the top of

is

no longer a son of Sakya.

which has been cut

off,

can never

sprout again, so a priest who, with evil intent and for sake of gain,

untruly and falsely has laid claim to more than to be a priest, or to be a son of life shall last.

Sakya.

This

is

human

perfection, ceases

to be avoided so long aS

Yes, lord.

NOTES. ”

Nissayo.

Without the consent and promise of assistance of a

priest of ten years’ standing, the candidate cannot obtain ordination.

Nissayo involves mutual assistance and association for at least

The

elder

who

five years.

gives nissa becomes the spiritual superior or preceptor

(upajjhdyo), and the one

who

receives nissa

becomes his co-resident or

THE BUDDHIST MANUAL OF THE FORM AND MANNER

14

The

pupil (nissantevdsiko). detail

in tlie

Vinayapitaka.

his co-resident,

and

to

relative duties of the

two are laid down

Briefly the superior

to advise

perform towards him

The

sickness and in health.

co-resident

treat his superior with all

him

the respect due to a father, and to perform for

personal attendant.

Buddha

directs that

the duties of a

all

and well-

fluent-speiiking

informed priests shall remain as pupils for

in

and instruct

the duties of a parent in

all

is to

is

They who

five j’ears.

are

not fluent-speaking' shall remain as pupils as long as they live. **

The

Tutors [Kammavdcdrino).

conduct the examinations on

tutors represent the assembly,

Compare the

behalf.

its

and

relations of the

proctors at Oxford to Convocation. ®

Sanghdfi.

This part of the dress

Stole.

folded to about five inches in breadth, which

is is

a large double robe

thrown over the

shoulder, and fastened close to the body by a waist-belt.

left

This robe

is

used by a priest when travelling as a cloak. Lift

me up

commentary

The meaning

(ulhiinpaAi).

to he,

lift

me up from

dry land of merit (kusald), or

of this

is

explained in the

the slough of demerit (nkusala) to the

me up from

lift

deacon (sdiiiandra) to the higher order of a

fully

the lower order of a

ordained priest (upa-

ftampadd). ®

The

hour, day and month

order of seniority ^

The

ascetic

among

are

carefully recorded,

four nissayd or requisites are

all

that are necessary for an

hut the exceptions under each head, which were allowed in early

;

times only occasionally, have

now been

and the

in fact, destroyed.

strictly

^

ascetic principle

by

is,

generally adopted as the rule

Saldka, by

lot or tally.

Each householder names

The

practice

writes his

name on

Bhangam,

hemp

in

is occ.asionally

to the priests

for several

of a monastery.

a piece of ola or palm-leaf

put into an alms-howl, and each priest draws a

ai'e

goes to the house thus indicated, whether

cloth” and

the priests live

Still

and with the utmost simplicity.

rule,

householders to agree together to give food

the

the

to settle

the newly ordained priests..

it

is

given as

Monier Williams’ Sanskrit Dictionary hhangd ;

;

all

and

he rich or poor.

In Childers’ Pfdi Dictionary this

(Caniiahis sativa)

lot,

hut the commentary explains

it

is

“hempen given as

as cloth

made

of the five materials mentioned in the text: '

A

quarter of a pagoda, somewhat less than two shillings.

sin to take even

It is a

a blade of grass, hut a priest must he guilty of theft to

the value of about two shillings to be expelled from the priesthood.

OF ORDERING OF PRIESTS AND DEACONS. KtinthakipiUikam,

To

ant.

take

curing abortion

is

a sin

but to take

;

human

life

even

bj'

pro-

a sin involving e.\pulsion from the priesthood.

is

The

Jhdnani, abstract or mystic meditation.

^

is

a large-black-ant, and the-smallest-kind-of-

lit.

at all

life

15

taken from Childers’ Pali Dictionary,

following explanation

“Jhdna is a religious

s.v.

exercise

productive of the highest spiritual advantage, leading after death to

Brahma

re-birth in one of the

heavens, and forming the principal means

The

of entrance into the four Paths.

four Jlidnas are four stages of

mystic meditation, whereby the

believ^er’s

earthly emotions, and detached as

it

plunged

in

retires to

The

a profound trance.

some secluded

mind

his

becomes still

templation

same

;

filled

priest desirous of practising

mind upon a

Jhdna

and shutting

single thought.

Gradually

reasons upon and investigates the subject chosen for con-

Jhdna.

Still fixing his

thoughts upon the

he then frees his mind from reasoning and investigation,

while the ecstasy and serenity remain, and this

Next, his thoughts

still

fixed as before,

and attains the third Jhdna, which

is

is

the second Jhdna.

he divests himself of ecstasy, a state of tranquil serenity.

Lastly, he passes to the fourth Jhdna, in which the mind, exalted purified, is indifferent to all emotions, alike of pleasure

™ Vimokkho in the

The term

(from muhcati, to loosen).

nlvaranehi

virnukkho

muccatiti

kilesehi muccatiti vimokkho.

It is

and

and of pain.” is

thus explained

Patisambhiddpakaranam of the Khuddakanikdya.

jhdnena

all

which remains

with a supernatural ecstasy and serenity, while

this is the first

subject,

purged from

is

bodj',

spot, seats himself cross-legged,

out the world, concentrates his his soul

mind

were from the

Pathamena

arahattamaggena

sahha-

a loosening of the bonds formed by

the elements of existence, and hence freedom from the ten evil passions. It is discussed 1.

under

sixty'-eight heads, of

which the three principal

are,

Suhhato vimokkho, the regarding the body as mere emptiness; the

contemplation of the Void,

i.e.

a state which has no

self.

2.

Animitto

v.,

the freedom from passion which results from the contemplation of the

unconditioned, or from regarding the perishable nature of the elements of existence.

3.

Appanihito

v.,

the freedom from longing or desire

resulting from a contemplation of the sorrow attaching to the elements of existence.

By

attained by those

these three the four paths and the four phala are

who have

vipassand, or the

power of supernatural

sight.

“

Samddhi, a

and insensible

state of meditation in to that

which

is

which the mind, shut up

in itself

passing around, contemplates only the

THE BUDDHIST MANUAL,

16 virtues of

Buddha,

Mahavansa

etc.

The

Tumour’s

(see

following illustration

tr.anslation, pp. 261,

stripped the king naked, and casting wall,

embedding him

in

it,

him

and exposing

taken from the

is

262)

“ The usurper

:

up a

into iron chains, built

his face only to the East,

Thus

plastered that wall over with clay.

murdered by

ETC.

the

and

monarch Dhatusena was

his son in the eighteenth year of his reign.

This

raja, at

the time he was improving the Kdlawapi tank, observed a certain priest

absorbed

samddhi meditation, and not being able

in the

to rouse

him

from that abstraction, had him buried under the embankment he was This was the retribution manifested

raising by heaping earth over him.

Buddhdnussati nussati

s.,

5.

s.,

The

impious act.”

in this life for this

2.

Dhammdnussati

Cdgdnussati

s.,

s.,

six kinds of 3.

Devatdnussati

6.

Samddhi are

Sanghdnussati s.

;

s.,

1.

4. Sild-

abstract meditation

on Buddba, the Law, the Church, moral duties, alms-giving, the Gods. °

Samdjjatti

is

of eight kinds,

Pathamajjhdnasamdpatti,

1.

yajjhdinas., 3. Tatiyajjhdnas., 4. Catutthajjhdnas., 5. tanas., 6.

Vihhanahcdyatanas.,

nasuhmyatanas tion resulting

note

’),

;

Akincahhdyatanas.,

Duti-

8.

Nevasahhd-

the perfect accomplishment of the state of abstrac-

from the practice of each of the four jhdnas [vide

and from

thought only

7-

2.

Akdudnahcdya-

5.

exists,

mastering the idea that space 7-

is

suprh,

infinite, 6.

that nothing exists, 8. that there

is

that

neither

consciousness nor unconsciousness. P

Phala, the higher stages of the four paths, the fruition of the four

paths.

There are thus eight grades of

Nirvdna,

viz.

sotdpattimaggo,

sanctification in the road

sotdpattiphalaik,

to

sakaddgdmimaggo,

sakaddgdmiphalath, andgdmimaggo, andgdmiphalani, arahattamaggo,

arahattnphulum.

which

it is all

Arahattaphala necessarily ends

but identical, and

See Childers’ Dictionary,

it is

in

Nirvdna, with

sometimes called simply nibbdnam.

s.vv. rnaggo,

nibbdnam.

7*

‘•

v:

.

i-

i

> 4i'j

•

5r.

m.

-a*-

ANCIENT

IMPLEMENTS OF SOUTHERN

1 S. 3.

INDIA.

triangular

Jlxe.

G-rairu-ear-cutter ?

S.

5

Jirrow-head.


8 g bhumiD puna SY pathavi SZ -vedheti *8 D puna D omits kampati, Z sampavedhati D D ossajati, Y pathavi DSYZ hetu Y atth’ ima, D me /or kho Y samanaomits yada, Y pathavi '

DY sannismnapubham eva.

MAHAPAEINIBBANASUTTAM.

80

[Bhan.

2.

sallapitapubban ca sakaccba ca samapajjitapubba, tattba yadi-

vanno hoti tadisako maybaiii vanno boti yadisako mayham saro boti, dbaramiya ca kathaya sandassemi samadapemi samuttejemi sampabaihsemi, bbasamanan ca mam na jananti, ko nu kho ayam bbasati devo va manusso va ? ti; dbammijm ca- kathaya sandassetva samadasako

tesarii

tesam saro boti tadisako

petva samuttejetva sampabaiiisetva antaradhayami, antarahi-

mam na jananti ko nu kho ayam antarahito devo va manusso va? ti. Abbijanami kho panaham Ananda anekasatam brabmanaparisam pc gabapatiparisam samanaparisam catummaharajikaparisam tavatiiiisaparisaih maraparisam brabmaparisaiii upasankamitva tatra pi maya sannisinnapubban tan ca

.

.

.

.

c’eva sallapitapubban ca sakaccba ca samapajjitapubba, tattba

vanno boti tadisako mayham vanno boti mayham saro boti, dbamkathaya sandassemi miya ca samadapemi samuttejemi sampabamsemi, bbasamanan ca mam na jananti, ko nu kbo ayam dbammiya ca katbaya bbasati devo va manusso va ? ti sandassetva samadapetva samuttejetva sampabainsetva antaradbajAmi, antarabitafi ca mam na jananti, ko nu kbo ayam antarabito devo va manusso va ? ti. Ima kbo Ananda 5’adisako tesam

3’adisako tesaiii saro hoti tadisako

;

attba parisa.

Attba kbo imani Ananda abbibbayatanani, katamani attba? Ajjbattam rupasanni eko babiddba rupani passati parittani suvannadubbannani, tani abbibbuyya janami passamiti evamsanni

idam patbamam abbibbayatanam.

boti,

Ajjbattam

rupasanni eko babiddba rupani passati appamanani suvanna-

dubbannani, tani abbibbuyya janami passamiti evamsanni boti,

idam 'dutiyam abbibbayatanam.

Ajjbattam arupasanni

eko babiddba rupani passati parittani suvannadubbannani,

abbibbuyya janami passamiti evanisanni boti, idam Ajjbattam arupasanni eko bahiddba rupani passati appamanani suvannadubbannani, tani

tani

tati5mm abbibbayatanam.

^

D

samapajjitapubba

D

pubbam eva imani, -sanifii,

tani,

D

D me

for kbo

-manani -sariiiii

^

S omits

mam

samapajjitam pubba

D

D

''

*®

D

-samfii

passamiti, -samni

S arupa-,

DZ

-sanifii

(To

SZ -hitam

®

DY

DY omit ca

omits

-samni, S hoti

DZ

-sarimi

J)Y -manani.

be continued.)

DY sanisinna-

neka

D

j)

Z

mam

Y

at^’

arupasanni,

.dubbani

D

D

omits

81

The Brhat-Sahhita;

Art. V.

or,

Astrology of Varaha-mihira. into English,

Complete System of Natural Translated from Sanskrit

by Dr. H. Kern. {Continued from Vol. VI. p. 338.)

Chapter LXV. Signs of Goats.

Such as and may be kept

I will tell the lucky and evil signs of goats.

1.

have eight, nine, or ten

teeth, are lucky,

such as have seven teeth, should be removed. 2.

A

black circle on the right side of a white goat

favourable mark.

Likewise a white

circle

on the right

of one having the colour of an elk, of sable hue, or

is

a

side

red.'-

The udderlike part hanging down from the neck of A goats is known by the name of “ neck ornament.” ® 3.

goat with one dewlap brings happiness

;

extremely lucky are

those having two or three dewlaps. 4.

All goats without horns, and those that are entirely

Lucky

white or entirely black, promise good. as are half black, half white 5. first

A

goat that marches in front of the flock, and the

that plunges into water,

blazes® on the forehead, '

Or “ dark

^

Anglic'e

—

is

—that has the head white,

acceptation

is

red.”

Manx

dewlap or wen.

very

common

in

Vedic

;

is

taken in the sense of Latin

it is

known

well

same

that the

writing's.

Utpala reads krttikd instead of tikkiku, explaining

The word

by tilakdh.

it

krttikd, evidently in the acceptation of “ blaze, star, white

dot,” occurs also in the Crautasutra of Katyayana 20,

krttikdnji

is

interpreted by the commentator in this xfltl^ |(t1J.

34,

1,

where

way

The man understood

purport, but was evidently unacquainted with the technical

the general

meaning of

krttikd. '

A goat

VOL. YII.

or

favourable.''

monile, Norse me^i, Old Saxon meni

®

also are such

or half russet, half black.

;

of this description

— [nE-W

SEB.IES.]

is

termed kuttaka

;

see below,

st.

9. 6

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

82

6. One that has the neck or head speckled, the colour of pounded sesamum, and the eyes red, is esteemed of good

Likewise a white one with black legs, or a black

augury.

one with white 7.

A white

legs.'

goat with black testicles and a black patch in

the middle, or one whose step

is

resounding and slow,

is

auspicious.^ 8.

A

goat with horns and feet like an

elk’s,

the forepart and black behind, promises good.®

matter there 9.

is

About

a stanza of Garga’s, running as follows

The various kinds

(“

or white in

of goats denominated) Kuttaka,

Kutila (or Kuttika), Jatila and Vamana, are to Fortune, that

this

:

do not dwell

in places

all

four children

from whence she has

fled.”

10. Inauspicious are such

donkey, a wretched

tail,

goats as have a voice like a

misshapen claws, a bad colour,

stunted ears, an elephant’s head,

or

a black palate

and

tongue. 11.

Such

as

have a colour and dewlap of favourable ap-

when properly

pearance, are hornless and red-eyed, will,

attended to in the dwellings of men, yield pleasure, renown,

and fortune.

Chapter LXVI. Signs of Horses. 1. is

A courser will be perfect in

all its limbs,

when

the neck

long, the prominences above the eyes^ extensive, the

'

Such goats go hy the name of kutila.

’

An

*

The term

'

In a quotation, not unlikely from Paraqara,

animal of

akshikuta

for

this description is it is

csWeA jatila.

vamana.

we

find a definition of

:

cTH:

•^^Tlt

rump

?ra!T

^

II

I

THE BRHAT-SANHITA. and heart broad, the

83

and tongue

palate, lips

red, the skin,

hair and tail fine, the hoofs well formed, the pace

good, the ears, lips and

and

face

the legs, knees and thighs

tail short,

round, the teeth equal and white, the shape and appearance

Such a horse kept by the king

nice.

will always tend to the

destruction of the foe. 2.

(Turnings in the hair) under the eyes, on the jaws,

cheeks,

heart,

throat,

nose,

temple,

hip,

abdomen, knee,

scrotum, navel, shoulder, or breech, and on the “ right ”) loin or leg, are ill-omened.^ 3.

Turnings of hair on the muzzle, throat,

left

(or

ears, back,

eyes, lips, haunches, forelegs, loins, flanks, along with those

on the brow, are of very good augury.^ 4.

Amongst them

there

is

one “constant turning” on

the muzzle, one in the hairs of the forehead, two on the

R RTUfJJ

I

ii

’

In a

work on

large by Utpala,

The term

horsecraft, ascribed to

we read

chill

is

the following

defined

in

Katya Vararuci, and

cited at

:

another quotation (probably from

Paraqara)

^

Comm.

^ ftwi%

fnT

u

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

84

two on the adjoining two on the breast.^ groins,

two on the head, and

parts, ^

5. A colt is marked by six white teeth, which become tawny when the horse is two years old; at three years it loses, and (at four years) recovers its middlemost incisors; at five (and six) years the eyeteeth. The same teeth will after every subsequent period of three years become darkish,

yellow, white, coloured like

become hollow,

slack,

and

black

salt,

wax, conch- shell,

at length fall out.®

Chapter

LX VI I.

Signs of Elephants. 1.

Elephants with tusks of the colour of honey, with

well-proportioned body, being neither too fat nor too lean, fit

with even members, a back curved like a bow,

for use,

and buttocks

like those of a boar, are

2.

The

dull) are

characteristics of the species called

Manda

{i.e,

a slack breast, slack folds on the waist, a paunch-

:

belly, a thick skin

and the look of a ‘

denominated Bhadra

well-favoured).

{i.e.

and neck, a huge

loin

and root of the

tail,

lion.

Utpala:

I

rlrl

I

I

am ^

unacquainted with the English terms.

The corresponding passage from Paraqara has

TtHTTTT

I

fr

I

tt

:

I

I

II

’

Comm.

:

cfTT^

%ri

Sr%

I

THE BRHAT-SANHITA. 3.

The elephants of the and penis

lip, tail

species

Mrga

85 {i.e.

short, the feet, neck, tusks,

deer) have the

trunk and ears

smaU, the eyes large. The sort called Sankirna (he. mixed) shows the characteristics of those before described intermingled.

The height of the Mrga

4.

cubits, the length

five

is

These numbers increased by one are those of the Manda by two, of the Bhadra, The “ mixed ” elephant has no fixed measure. of 5. The colour of the Bhadra’s frontal juice is green of the the Manda’s, turmeric hued of the Mrga’'s, sable mixed elephant’s, mixed. seven, the circumference eight.

;

;

;

;

Auspicious are such elephants as have the

6. 7.

lips,

and mouth red the eyes like a sparrow’s the tusks smooth and turned up at the extremity the face broad and long; the backbone arched, long, not protruding, and lying deep the frontal globes like a tortoise’s back, and covered with thin and scanty hairs the ears,, jaws, navel, front and palate

;

;

;

;

;

genitals big;

or twenty

;

number

the claws convex, to the

of eighteen

the trunk round and covered with three fines

the hairs of the

tail

nice

;

the frontal juice, and the wind

from the trunk’s point, of good odour. 8. Elephants with a long finger ^ and a red point of the trunk, with a voice like the din of rainclouds, and with a big, long

many

and round neck, bring luck

But elephants devoid of

9.

or too few claws

and limbs

tusks similar to ram’s horns

lacking the extremity of

;

;

or without sex

;

;

having too

crooked, undersized, with

with prominent

the trunk

dusky, dark-blue, spotted or black tusks at all

to the king.

frontal juice;

;

;.

testicles

having the palate

with small tusks or no

those,

as well

as a female

elephant that shows some characteristics of the male, and

one that

moved

is

pregnant,

should

to another place, as

the

king order

quences. ^

^

Comm.: 71^

1

j

II

to

be re-

they produce very dire conse-

I

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

86

Chapter LXVIII. Signs of Men.

By duly observing tbe height, weight, gait, compacttemperament, colours, sleekness, voice, natural character,

1.

ness,

physiognomy, division of limbs, ^ and complexion, the skilled 80 othsa 5'^er may reveal the past and the future. 2. Feet not sweaty, hued like the calix of a lotus, warm, curved like a

tortoise’s back,

with soft

soles,

connected

toes,

bright and red nails, well-shaped heels and no projecting ancles, are those of a monarch.® 3.

Feet shaped like a winnowing basket, rough, with crooked,

whitish nails,

covered with veins,

meagre, with

from each other, bring poverty and pain. Feet elevated in the middle are fit for travelling; tawny ones lead to the extirpation of the lineage feet with soles of the toes standing far

;

hue of burnt clay cause Brahman murder

;

yellow ones go to

forbidden ground.®

83.

Any

limb being coarse, lean and covered with veins,

>

Cf. ch. Ixx. 24-26.

*

Comm.

®

Comm. N»

©*v

xnxift

II

wr?fr

Os.

The

translation from

st.

4-82

is

i

^

here omitted, as

it

affords very little

THE BRHAT-SANHITA. pronounced ill-favoured

is

87

in the contrary

;

case

entirely

auspicious.

body should be broad

84. Three parts of a king’s

others deep

;

six lofty

;

four short

seven red

;

;

five

;

three

long and

fine.

and character

85. Navel, voice

have deep.

— these three —these

Breast, forehead and face

should

men

three being

happy sign in men. six members (which should be) lofty are breast, The girdle, nails, nose, face, and raised part of the neck. four limbs that bestow benefits by being short, are penis, back, neck and legs. 87. The outer corner of the eye, feet, hands, palate, lips, tongue and nails these seven, to be sure, bring happiness by being red. Five parts, viz. teeth, finger-joints, hair, skin and nails, being fine,* are proper to happy people. 88. Jaws, eyes, arms, nose and the space between the paps these five will not be long in men, unless they be kings.^

broad 86.

is

a

The

—

—

interest,

and as some stanzas are couched

be decent in an English garb.

may

It

in a

language too free

to

be noticed that the signs of

beauty, such as described in this chapter, generally agree with the

32 lakshanas and 80 anuvyanjanas of the ideal image of Buddha e.g.

sunigudhagulplia in

vistara 122, 17

;

583, sqq.

unknown ‘

Any

;

and so

in the

forth.

Cf.

distinction between

same stanza and

st.

lakshana and anuvyanjana

to our author.

In the text read

of course.

Utpala quotes from Garga

II

W

^

^

41 with

Burnouf, Lotus de la bonne

Cs ^

;

2 corresponds with gudhagulpha in Lalita-

ruciratdmranakha

tdmranakha of Cakya loi,

st.

I

I

II

is

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

88

On

who

Complexion.

from men, the marks on the body, observe the complexion of quadrupeds and birds, as it announces lucky and unlucky consequences. For it is like the shining of a lamp within a 89. Let those

the

are able to predict

crystal jar, revealing the qualities of the

future

inward light to the

outside.

90.

A complexion

that originates in the element of earth

wr

\

II

I

^

CTT^TW ^

I

ti?n»TT

II

f ^xr|qn

ftiT:

q^Sri:

i

II

qq

ftTwr:

q-^wt

Tlcra N

i

NJ

^

ii

q^Wrr: qi^'^: NJ C\

i

q^wf^fq^i§rwTqftT: qn^w qr^ qqiqTT =qTfq f qqqfr qqr ii

^iRftT5fiTtq qg^tq:

i

ii

q ^q

^qT qqqq

1

qqqrq qqq qq^ qiiqiq qwroi|1^qTfi!r ^qn ftqifqr q qqr q^q q^rqiq qwq^: Cs ii

q^

ii

qqTfqqqffq qqr

q^ qq ifqTfqqrr

q^qq f^q: qq%q: qijqiq qTfqnrr^ qqr qTqi

qrq\

i

ii

q^ q^ qrq^ q^ii:

qw TWrfq qqn^qq^ qqrf^^q q^q qqjq q fqfq^^ q^qiq q^q

i

q tqqqftt qnqiq

II

l

ii

i

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

89

manifests itself in the sleekness of teeth, skin, nails, hairs

on the body and the head,^ and smell.

It causes contentment,

and daily progress

connected with a sweet

is

acquisition of wealth, bliss

in virtue.

91. A. complexion

due to the element of water

is

white or clear yellow, and delightful to the eye. aflPection,

meekness, pleasure and

smooth, It gives

Like a mother

bliss.

causes that wants get fulfilled, and grants to mortals

its

it

bene-

ficial effects.

The “

” complexion

showing like red lotus, gold or fire. Allied with energy, valour and ardour, it leads men to victory, and effects that the object aimed at is soon attained. 93. A complexion derived from the element of wind will 92.

fiery

is

harsh and

be smutty, coarse, black and of bad odour death, captivity, sickness, misery

complexion arising from crystal, is bright,

the

and

aerial

fierce,

;

engenders

it

loss of

wealth.

element

shows

A like

very noble, allied with good fortune, and

a treasury, so to say, of

felicity.

The complexions enumerated are the products, severof earth, water, fire, wind and sky. Some teach that

94. ally,

there are ten of them, to wit (besides the foregoing), those

derived from the Sun, Vishnu, Indra, successively.

they

are, to state it briefly,

Voice.

chariots, battle-drum, tabor, lion or thunder.

voice like a donkey’s, or broken

men

however,

Kings have voices resembling the sound of an elephant,

bull, host of

A

effects,

equal to the others.

On 95.

Yama, and the Moon,

In their characteristics and

and harsh,

is

proper to

deprived of wealth and enjoyments.

On Temperament, 96. There are seven constituents of temperament fat, marrow, skin, bone, sperm, blood, and flesh. The effects of :

Road

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

90

the different temperaments of

men may

be stated, in short,

as follows

Those in whose temperament blood

97.

element have corners, anus,

the

palate,

hands and

lips,

feet red,

is

the prevailing

gums, tongue, outer eyeand are blessed with many

enjoyments, wives, goods and sons. 98. Persons with a

have the skin

Those in

thin.

smooth skin are rich men

will be beloved

soft,

whom marrow

handsome form, and

of a

A

99.

bones,

Men

is

man

who

men have

it

and goods.

the bones predominate, has thick

strong, an accomplished scholar

much and heavy sperm

with

those

;

or fat prevails, are possessed

rich in sons

whom

in

;

intelligent

are

and good-looking. happy husbands,

learned and handsome.

One

100.

in

whose constitution flesh plays the foremost wealthy and comely. The being

part, is corpulent, learned,

well knit of the joints racteristic of a

man

is

called compactness.

It

is

a cha-

enjoying a good fortune.

show a sleeky appearance, viz. nails. They are sleek with wealth and popularity rough with the

101. Five parts ought to

mouth, tongue, teeth, eyes and

men

rich in sons,

;

poor.

On

A

102.

Colour.

bright, sleek colour

is

proper to kings

;

the same,

but in inferior degree, marks persons possessing sons and

wealth

a coarse colour

;

is

proper to indigent people.

On Physiognomy. 103.

The

peculiar character implied

by

one’s physiogno-

mical appearance, must be studied from the countenance.

Those who have a face like a are

endowed with

ing

foes.

104.

Men

bull, tiger, lion or sun-eagle,

irresistible valour,

and monarchs conquer-

with countenances like a monkey,

buffalo,

or buck, are owners of sons, riches and happiness.

marked by

faces

and forms resembling those of

camels have neither wealth nor enjoyment.

boar

Persons asses

and

THE BRHAT-SANHITA. On The number

105.

men’s height height, 96

;

Height.

A man

106.

;

for those of

;

Weight.

an unhappy

man

than

less

the weight of very well to do people

is

of

middle

happy circumstances weighs half a

living in

(=1000 joa/as)

bhdra

108

for the shortest, 84.

On hhara

make the measure

of digits which

for the tallest,

is,

91

that. ;

One

one and

a half, that of monarchs.

A female

107.

has her full weight and height at twenty

years of age, but a male at twenty-five years, or else in the fourth period of

life.^

On Natural

Man

108.

is

Character.

born with a character that

earth, water, fire, wind, aether, gods,

The marks

beasts.

A

109.

man

are the following

is

A

110.

imps or

with his fellow-

One of a watery drinking much water, fond of

and constant.

in the habit of

is

congenial to

:

liberal in sharing

creatures, of sweet breath,

women, and

is

giants,

of the nature proper to earth has the odour

of fragrant fiowers,

genius

men,

relishes liquids.

man

of

the nature of

fire is

fickle,

very keen,

hungry and gluttonous. One of the nature proper wind is restless, lean, and soon swayed by anger. cruel,

*

The words meaning.

tinct

how can

it

year

It

?

weight.

wrong

;

to

of the text are clear in themselves, but convey no dis-

The Comm.

says

^ ?TT^-

:

may grow in height after his fortieth may be supposed that the author had only in view the As to the interpretation of the commentator, it is wholly be said that any person

the four periods are

(prime of age), and the fourth

(boyhood),

(infancy),

The

coincides

with the juvenilis aetas of the Romans, and extends to the fortieth year

;

cf.

Su 9 ruta,

i.

129.

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

92 111.

One

of aetherial nature

face, is skilled in

his

A

body.

is

ingenious, has an open

the knowledge of sounds, and porous of

man who

has the genius of gods will he

generous, placable and affectionate. 112.

and

A

person of the genius of mortals delights in song

and

finery,

is

always ready to share with his fellow-

creatures.

One endowed with the character of giants is irascible, One who is congenerous with imps will be fickle, dirty, talkative and very plump of body. 114. One that is timid, greedy and voracious, you may 113.

knavish, and wicked.

man of bestial character. Such men which by the soothsayers

take to be a

is

the different

nature of

is

called “^the

character."

On

Gait.

115. In gait kings resemble tigers, swans, elephants in

Likewise persons whose pace is and peacocks. and quiet will be great lords ; while the step of poor fellows is swift and skipping. rut, bulls

noiseless

116.

A carriage

when

tired

;

a meal

when hungry

•

— the

when vexed by thirst a guard when in danger who can command these things in time is called ;

drink

man

fortunate,

by those skilled in telling a man’s character and marks on his person. 117. Herewith have I, with (due) attention to the opinions He of the Sages,' succinctly expounded the signs of men. who studies it will become esteemed by the king and a

indeed,

future from the

favourite with everybody. *

That

is,

statement.”

he wishes

make

to

in other

words

Appealing

to

“ myself

the Sages

is

am

not responsible for any

usual with our author whenever

disburden himself from responsibility.

a similar observation

:

(Ch. ’^XIT

:

II

ix.

7)”

Utpala

fails

not to

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

93

Chapter LXIX. Signs of the Five Great Men, 1.

By

the planets being powerful, standing in their

asterisms, in their culmination, or in the centres

seventh and tenth houses), will be

fourth,

exalted personages I 2.

By

am now

the

own first,

born the

five

of.

power will be born (the perby Saturn, the man Qaca by by Mercury, the Bhadra and by Venus,

Jupiter being in

its

sonage denominated) Hansa Mars, the Rucaka

going to speak

{i.e.

;

;

;

;

the Malavya. 3. 4.

the

Sun

The

person’s character, in its fulness, derives from

(in full

power)

the qualities of body and mind,

;

man will show the same characteristics with (the lord of) any subdivision Sun and Moon happen to stand in so that he will agree in from the Moon’s power.

Moreover, the

;

temperament,

elements,

nature,

When

racter, shape, etc.^

complexion,

colour,

cha-

Sun and Moon, while occupy-

the

ing such and such a subdivision, are weak, the persons to be

born will have characteristics of a mixed nature. 5.

From Mars comes

Jupiter the voice; colour.^

The

spirit from Mercury weight from from Venus grace; from Saturn the ;

;

qualities will be

the planets being well or

ill

good or bad, according to

circumstanced.

6. Persons with qualities of mixed nature will not become sovereigns, but have a similar course of life and become happy men. The difierences arise from the benign planets (i.e. full moon. Mercury, Jupiter and Venus) being stationed in the house of their enemy, or in descension, or from their being looked at by the evil planets. 7. The length and stretch of the Hansa ^ is of 96 digits.

^

6

;

For the dhdtu or for the character

sdra, cf. Brli. Jataka,

and shape, 8-11

;

ii.

^

Cf.

Brh. Jataka,

ii.

®

i.e.

what we

Phenix, metaphorically.

call

11

:

for the five elements,

for the colour, 5.

1.

THE BRHAT-SAI^HItI.

94

The personages going by the names of Qaca, Rucaka, Bhadra and MMavya, are each taller than the preceding by three digits. 8.

A

whom

person in

the quality of goodness predomi-

nates will possess charity, steadiness, uprightness of character

and piety

to

to poetry, art,

Gods and Brahmans.

One

in

whom

the

uppermost will have the mind addicted sacrifices and women, besides being a great

quality of passion

is

hero. 9.

He

in

whom

the quality of gloom prevails will be a

cheat, stupid, lazy, irascible

and

goodness, passion and gloom

sleepy.

may

As

the qualities of

be differently combined,

there will be seven kinds of persons with

mixed

characters,

bating the minor varieties. 10.

The Malavya

members and

marked by arms resembling an by hands reaching to the knees. His

will be

elephant’s trunk, and

joints are fleshy

;

and neat frame, and a slender

he has a well-proportioned waist.

His

face, of

oblong

form, measures thirteen digits, the transverse measure be-

tween the ears being three digits less. He has fiery eyes, comely cheeks, even and white teeth, and not too thick lips. 11.

Having by

his valour obtained wealth,

he

will, resid-

ing in the recesses of Mount Pariyatra, reign as a wise king over Malava, Bharoach, Surashti’a, Late, Sindh, and so forth. 12. This

Malavya

will at the age of seventy years piously

—

Having in due form indicated the characteristics of this man, I now proceed to mention those of the others. depart from

13.

life

at a place of pilgrimage.

The man Bhadra

is

marked by having the arms

thick,

round and long arms from one side to the other his cheeks are covered with soft, small and dense hairs. 14. In his constitution skin and sperm are predominant his prevailing quality is goodhis breast is broad and thick

equal,

;

his length is equal to the stretch of

his

;

;

ness.

He

virtuous,

has a tiger-like

grateful

knows many 15.

He

is

;

face,

is

steadfast,

forbearing,

he has the pace of an elephant, and

sciences.

sagacious, handsome, clever in the arts, con-

THE BRHAT-SANHITA. an adept

stant,

at ascetic philosophy

95

has the forehead and

;

the loins likewise the hands and feet hued like the lotus calix the nose fine the eyebrows even and well-knit. 16. His person smells like earth when moist from fresh

temples well-shaped

;

;

;

;

rain, or cassia-leaf, safiron, frontal juice of elephants, agal-

The

lochum.

hair of his head

each single hair has

that

is

black, curled,

own

its

and such

Sicut equi vel

pore.

pudenda ejus non conspicua. His hands and feet are marked by the figure of a

elephantis, 17.

plough,

pestle,

club,

sword,

conch-shell,

elephant,

quoit,

His imperiousness will he fully people, for, self-willed as he is, he does

sea-monster, lotus, chariot.

experienced by his

own

not spare even his

kin.

Should his length come to 84

18.

digits,

and his weight

one hhara, then he will be lord over the Middle country but if he have the full measure implied in the words “ taller to

by three

digits ”

(st.

7),

he will be emperor of the whole

country. 19. After dutifully ruling the

country he acquired by his

bravery, the Bhadra, at eighty years of age, will depart

from

life at

a place of pilgrimage,

The Qaca

and go

to heaven.

have somewhat projecting, otherwise fine teeth, fine nails, blubber eyes a swift pace he takes delight in science, mining and trade has full cheeks is 20.

will

;

;

;

false

;

a good general

other men’s wives

and attached

;

;

;

fond of love’s sport and partial to

restless, valorous,

obedient to his mother,

and wildernesses. 21. The same Qaca is suspicious, and a keen observer of another’s weak points. He is 92 digits in length, and, not to woods, hills, rivers

being very heavy, has a

soft step.

The

chief constituent of

body is marrow. 22. His waist is slender the lines on his hands and feet show the figures of a buckler, sword, lute, couch, garland, drum, trident, and run in an upward direction.

his

;

23. This

Qaga

will be a border chieftain

or provincial

His body afflicted with colic or a fistula on the buttocks, he will, seventy years old, reach Yama’s home. governor.

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

96

Hansa are the the mouth red and showing thick cheeks and an elevated nose the head round the eyes honey like the nails wholly red; the figures (formed by the lines on hands and The marks

24.

of the

:

;

face gold-coloured, ;

similar to garlands,

feet)

and

pots

lotuses

well-shaped 25.

;

fillets,

elephant’s

hooks,

conch-

intertwined fishhraces, sacrificing implements, water-

shells,

He

him

in

;

is

;

the voice sweet as a swan’s

;

;

the feet

the senses subdued.

delights in water

sperm

;

his weight

;

the predominant constituent comes to 1600 palas, whereas

his length, according to the statement of the Sages, will be

96

digits.

The

26.

Hansa

will

possess

the

country of

Khasa,

Qurasena, Gandhara, and the land between the Ganges and

Jamna. After exercising the royal power for 90 years,’ he will meet death within a wood. 27. (The worthy Rucaka by name) will have good eyebrows and hairs a red-tinged dusky colour a neck marked with three folds like a shell an oblong face. He is brave, cruel, an egregious counsellor, a chief of robbers, and a ;

;

;

practised soldier. 28.

The measure

of Rucaka’s face, in length, being taken

His skin is temperament blood and flesh are the chief parts. a killer of foes, and attains his objects by dint of

four times, gives the measure of his middle.

thin

He

;

in his

is

reckless audacity. 29.

His hands and

feet

are

marked with

club, lute, bull, bow, thunderbolt, spear,

figures like a

moon and

trident.

He

shows piety towards his gurus, to Brahmans and deities. His length is a hundred digits his weight a thousand palas. 30. He is an adept in charms and spells, and has thin knees and legs. When this Rucaka has reigned as king ;

*

This

is

evidently a mistake of the autlior’s

“at ninety years of age the H. different

meaning.

Better

in

will die,” hut his

is

he certainly means,

words convey quite a

the Saravali It

author of the Saravali

;

must, however, be noticed that the

posterior to Varaha-mihira.

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

97

over the Yindhya, Sahyagiri and TJjein, he

will, on reaching by the sword or fire. 31. There are five other men, who will be the attendants of the fore-mentioned monarchs, viz. Yamanaka, Jaghanya, Kubja, Mandalaka and Samin.^ Now listen by what tokens these men, generally called the “ mixed ones,” are character-

seventy years, find his death

ized.

Yamanaka

32.

is

corpulent, hunchbacked, and

famous servant of king Bhadra, prosperous,

somewhat

He wiU

broad in the middle and between the armpits.

be a

liberal in giving,

and devoted to Yasudeva.

He

33.

Jaghanya

called

will be a servant to Malavya.

His ears are similar to a crescent

good is

sperm

;

the joints of his body are

;

the principal part of his temperament

is

;

he

a denunciator, a poet, rough of skin, and has gross hands

and

fingers.

34.

The same Jaghanya

will be cruel, rich, of

comprehen-

and a and hands, he shows the

sive® intellect, generally famous, red of complexion,

On

jocose fellow.

his breast, feet

figure of* a sword, spear, noose

As

man

and

axe.

name

of Kubja, he shows no defects in the lower members, but is somewhat shrunk in the forepart of the body and crooked. He will be an attendant on Hansa, an atheist, rich, learned, brave, an 35. 36.

informer,

to the

grateful,

of the

ingenious

in

arts,

plenty of retainers, and be wife-ridden.

have

quarrelsome,

This said Kubja,

always stirring, will on a sudden leave this world to which

he was 37.

so

much

attached.

He named Mandalaka

will be a follower of Bucaka’s,

and devoted to acts of witchcraft, ghost-banning and the like, and to sciences. 38. He looks elderly, has rough and coarse hair, is able in destroying enemies, devoted to the Brahmans, deities, religious worship and ascetic philosophy swayed by his an adept in

spells, clever,

;

wife,

is

and

intelligent.

*

Also Savin.

^

It is

not a

little

curious that in one codex of the

explained by voL. yn.

— [new gERiES.]

in the other

Comm.

by 7

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

98 39.

As

to Samin, lie 'will be a retainer to Qaca, very mis-

shapen of body, liberal in giving, and a

For the

deeds by powerful enterprise.

man rest,

that performs

he

will in his

qualities resemble Qaca.

Chapter LXX. Sipns of Women. 1.

him

If one aspire to become lord of the country, let

marry a

whose feet are sleek, elevated, thin at the extremity, with red nails and ancles equal, not bony, nice and not protruding with connected toes and rosy soles. 2. Of good augury are feet marked with fishes, hooks, lotuses, barley-corns, thunderbolts, ploughs and swords not sweaty and soft on the soles. So, too, legs not hairy, without prominent veins, and quite round knees even and not fat at girl

;

;

;

the joints.^ 4. Broad, plump and heavy hips to support the girdle, and a navel deep, large and turned to the right, are held of good omen in women. fi. A female middle with three folds and not hairy breasts round, close to each other, equal and hard a bosom marked devoid of hair and soft, and a neck with three lines, bring wealth and joys. 6. A swelling lip hued like the blossom of Pentapetes or the brilliant Bimba fruit, and equal teeth white as jessamine ;

;

buds, are such qualities in wives as will be conducive to the

husband’s joy and immense advantage. 7.

*

A

tone of voice sweet as the kokila’s and swan’s,

Comm. f^refr fTT^ST^t Cs.

The

translation of the third stanza

is

omitted.

^

I

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

99

genteel, sincere, not grovelling, is attended witli much, happiness.

A

handsome

straight,

nose, with even nostrils,

and an

eye vicing with the lustre of the petals of the dark lotus, are esteemed of good foreboding. 8.

Auspicious are brows curved like a crescent, not knit

Likewise a forehead

together, not too broad, not hanging.

neither low nor lofty, of the shape of a crescent,

and not

hairy. 9.

They deem

it also

are properly thick,

of good augury that the two ears

equal and close to the head.

soft,

Hairs

and coming forth one by one from the pores, bring joy ; so does a head of moderate size.^ 10. Damsels who bear the following marks on foot or handpalm attain to the state of queen, viz. waterpots, seats, sleek, dark, soft, curled

horses, elephants, Bilva-fruits, sacrificial posts, arrows, garlands,

ear ornaments,

chowries, hooks, barleycorns, rocks,

standards, archways, fishes, crosses, altars, fans, conch-shells,

umbrellas, lotuses. 11.

Hands with not prominent pulses, and similar in young lotuses with slender fingers

colour to the inside of

;

the joints of which are placed far from each other;

A

proper to king’s wives.

and showing good

rising,

palm neither

are

too flat nor too

her who owns it and wealth, and causes

lines, secures to

the possession of children, pleasure

her to be not widowed for a long time.

A line running from

the pulse up to the middle finger, woman’s handpalm or a man’s, as well as a line going upward along the footsole,^ will lead to the joy of 12.

either in a

sovereignty. 13.

The

line that, issuing

from below the

between the fore and middle

to

term of 14.

life

;

the shorter

At the bottom

’

Comm.

^

The author seems

:

it is,

of the

little finger,

the shorter will be one’s

thumb

life.

are the lines of progeny.

31

fiTT:

the heel to the toe.”

runs

finger, insures the longest

to

mean “ a

line

I

on the

footsole

running from

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

]00

Big

lines denote

boys

;

Long-lived persons

thin ones girls.

have them long and uninterrupted

will

and broken off. 15. Herewith has been

;

short-lived ones,

short

anything contrary to

mention

briefly

the

told

it

is

what promises good in females

pronounced

consequences

that

will

I

evil.

are

;

now

particularly

execrable. 16.

A

wife whose

little toe

or the one next to

it

does not

touch the ground, or whose second toe extends beyond the great toe,

is

a most vile whore.

Legs either lean or ^ too plump, covered with veins, hairy, with the calves drawn up a pudendum wry to the leftward, low and small, and a potlike belly, are proper to unhappy females. 17.

;

18.

A

short neck with a

woman announces

long one, the ruin of the family

;

poverty;

a

a broad and prominent

one, malignancy.

She who has squint,® or tawny, or grey and fickle bad character, and she who, when smiling, shows dimples in her cheeks, is pronounced unquestionably * to be an unchaste wife. 20. If the forehead is hanging over, she will kill her brother-in-law is it the beUy that projects, she is to kill 19.

eyes, will be of a

;

her father-in-law This

is

the

;

is

the buttocks,

it

meaning of ca

var. reading, obviously a

A

;

^ ^:f%rTT A

her husband.

g^Tif^f^cn

ii

^

had conjecture, exhibits

;

gushka

and vimdmsa mean exactly the same. ®

The Comm,

explains kekara by kdcara, a

word denoting the colour

of a cat’s eyes in Kathasarit-s^gara, 65, 162, and 167. in a parallel pas.sage, probably

rTT

It is

WT

by no means likely that in this passage kdcara

of kekara.

It

occurs also

from Garga

||

is

used in the sense

,

THE BRHAT-SANHITA. female being excessively

101

and having the upper

tall,

lip

covered with too thick hair, brings no good to her husband. 21. Hairy, smutty looking and lumpish breasts,

teeth bode misery,

Hands

22.

lean,

and un-

Big, protruding and unequal

equal ears, produce misery.

and black gums thievishness. showing thick veins, unequal, and marked

with figures like beasts of prey, wolves, rooks, herons, worms

and owls, are proper

to

women

deprived of joy and wealth.

A female having the upper lip very high, and the hair

23.

coarse at the ends, likes quarrel.

Generally speaking, vices

found with the ugly, whereas the virtues reside there

will be

where beauty dwells.

On The

24.

the Division of the first

;

General.

division (of the limbs) consists of the feet

along with the ancles

pans

Human Body in

;

the second, of the legs with the knee-

the third, of the sexual member, thighs and scrotum

;

the fourth, of the navel and hip. 25.

They

call

the belly the

heart along with the paps

nape of the neck

;

fifth division

the sixth

;

is

the

the seventh, the shoulder and

the eighth, the lips and neck. The eyes along with the brows make the ninth division head and forehead the tenth. The feet and farther divisions being ill-favoured, are indicative of an unhappy ;

26.

;

lot

;

their being auspicious, of a lucky lot.

Chapter LXXI. Omens from

Slits of

Garments.

In the corners of a cloth dwell deities ^ in the middle part of the upper and lower ends men whilst the remaining 1.

;

;

’

It

must be understood that the

compartments

cloth

is

to

he divided into nine

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

102 three portions

The same

When

2.

fall to

the share of the spirits of darkness.

and shoes. by ink, cowdung, mud and singed or rent, you may reckon

applies to couches, seats

a cloth gets soiled

the like,

—when

that the

effects,

it is slit,

—

good or bad,

shall be complete, if the cloth

be new but always decreasing the more it has been used. The effects are more intensive, in case of an upper garment. ;

A

3.

bodes

in the portions of the spirits of darkness

etc.,

slit,

illness,

not death

if

in one of the portions of

;

bodes the birth of a son and power

it

;

A

over by deities, increase of enjoyments. is

men,

in a part presided

flaw in any tip

declared unfavourable.

A

4.

in figure like a heron, pelican, owl, pigeon,

slit

crow, beast of prey, jackal,

camel or snake, although

ass,

appear in a portion presided over by men a danger amounting to death.

A

5.

should

it

among

of the shape of an umbrella, standard, cross,

slit

Vardhamana, Qrivrksha, waterpot, like,

deities, causes

it

demons, brings

lotus,

archway, and the

even be found in the parts allotted to the

men

speedy fortune.

The asterism Acvini Bharani takes them away. 6.

^

gives plenty of garments, but

A

worn

cloth (being

time) at Krttika will be burnt

at Bohini,

;

it

for the first

will bring

wealth and success.

garment being first used) at Mrga 9 iras, there to it from mice at Ardra, the very death at the asterism next to it {i.e. Punarvasu, good luck 7.

(From

will ensue at

a

danger

;

;

Pushya), acquisition of riches. 8.

(If a

Magha,

at

new

it

cloth

is

put on) at

announces death

from the sovereign.

;

at

A 5 lesha,

it

will be torn

Purva-Phalguni, danger

Uttara-Phalguni

conducive to ac-

is

quisition of wealth. 9.

luck

is

By Hasta

enterprises will succeed by Citra good The putting on a new garment at Svati is by doing so at Vijakha, one wiU become gene;

coming.

auspicious

;

rally beloved. '

i

e.

if

worn the

A^vini be

first

tiie

asterism of the day on vvhich a garment

time, the consequences mentioned are to ensue.

is

THE BRHAT-SANHITA. Meeting with a friend

10. at

is

the result (of a

103

new garment)

The cloth will be ruined, if used for the first Jyeshtha, and it will get a ducking in water, if put

Anuradha.

time at

on at Mula.

Diseases (attend one’s using a

P urva- Ashadha. 11, 12. He who

wishes to use a

Ashadha may,

deemed, expect dainty food

ophthalmy

it is

at

;

new

new garment ;

Dhanishtha, acquisition of corn

cloth) at

at TJttara-

at Qravana, ;

at Qata-

danger occasioned by poison; at Purva-Bhadrapada, danger from water at Uttara-Bhadrapada, getting of bhishaj, great

;

and at Revati, as they state, possession of jewels. 13. Using a new garment, even at an unlucky asterism, will have satisfactory efiects, if it be worn with permission of Brahmans, or if it have been bestowed by the king, or

sons,

^

procured for the wedding ceremony.

(Using a new garment, even at an unlucky asterism, approved of on the wedding day, as a token of royal

14. is

favour, or with permission of Brahmans.)

Chapter LXXII. Siffns of Chowries. 1.

They say the gods have created the Yacks in the dens Snowy Mountains for the tail’s sake. The hairs of tails are some yellowish, some black, some white.

of the their 2.

Sleekness, softness, density of the hairs, brightness,

the being connected with a small bone, and whiteness, are

pronounced

to be the

good qualities in chowries.

are defective, small or broken

The handle

off)

Such

as

are bad.

must measure one cubit, or ell. Made from favourable wood, decked with gold and silver, and ornamented with 3.

one and a

variegated gems, 4.

pies,

to the chowrie

half, or

it

otherwise an

will be to the benefit of kings.

Clubs, umbrellas, elephant’s hooks, canes, bows, cano-

and chowries with sticks of pale Brahmans of the hue of Cocculus cordi-

halberds, standards

colour, are

fit

for

;

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

104 folius for

Kshatriyas

honey-coloured ones for Vaicyas

witli

;

;

with black ones for Qudras. 5.

number

Sticks with an even

up

forth

so

mother,

of

to

twelve,

wealth,

land,

of knots, two, four, and

produce, successively family,

of

loss

:

a

engender sickness, and

death. 6.

seven,

The same having an odd number and

of knots, three,

five,

so on, will secure to the

owners success in journey-

much

gain, acquisition of land,

ing, destruction of enemies,

increase of cattle,

and fulfilment of wishes.

Chapter LXXIII. Signs of Umbrellas.

A

1, 2, 3.

white umbrella constructed either

‘

of feathers

of swans, cocks, peacocks and cranes, or covered entirely

with new silk-cloth

;

down

;

lands hanging of pure gold or a single

covered;

high

;

;

dark with gar-

six cubits long containing nine, seven knots having three cubits in extension all over well ;

;

adorned'^

aloft,

studded with pearls

with a pommel of crystal and a stick

will

tend to

;

—such

an umbrella, kept a sovereign’s benefit and bring

with jewels

;

victory. 4.

The umbrella

sticks of a prince royal,

queen, com-

and general, must be made such 4|, 5, 4 and 2 digits. Let other officers have their umbrellas decorated

mander-in- chief

measure, in succession 5.

top with gold

fillets

as

to

:

as tokens of royal favour

;

at the

furnished

with hanging wreaths and jewels, and made from peacock’s feathers. 6.

Private persons should have the umbrella stick of a

square form, but the umbrella of Brahmans

with an entirely round '

^

In the text read

Read

^

is to

stick.

and

in the printed text

not, as

it is

not

printed,

^— rl.

be

made

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

105

Chapter LXXIY. Women}

Praise of 1.

mount place,

In the domain^ of a country there is one city parain the city one mansion, and in that mansion one and in this a couch, and on the couch a choice wife, ;

with

brilliant

jewels,

who

the quintessence of royal

is

enjoyment. 2.

Jewels are set off by women, but these latter do not

lovely splendour from the lustre of j ewels maidens captivate the heart, even without gems, whereas derive their

:

gems do not, unless connected with a woman’s form. 3. For princes who are anxious to conceal their inward emotions who exert their strength to subdue the power of the enemy who are pondering on policy entangled by the ramifications of business consequent upon so many things ;

;

committed or omitted their counsellors

;

who have

have reasons

;

to follow

for suspicion

or are plunged into a sea of troubles,

embrace a dear 4.

gem,

There

is

woman

the decisions of

^

—

it is

on every

side,

a drop of joy to

love.

not anywhere by the Creator produced a

excepted, that on being heard, seen, touched,

yea remembered, awakens gladness in men. For her sake do virtue and wealth exist from her are children and ;

worldly pleasures

:

esteem then

women

like the goddesses of

Fortune in the house by giving them honour and influence. 5.

And

women and

those

who from

aversion proclaim the faults of

pass over their virtues, I inwardly suspect to be

malicious men, whose sayings do not proceed from honest motives. »

This chapter forms, with the four following, the Antahpuracint^ or

Womankind. The word jaya is explained by Utpala

Reflections on ^

with vijaya, quite right,

the latter be taken in the sense of domain, dominion.

vijitam occur in this acceptation tion

is

noticed in the translator’s disserta-

“ Over de jaartelling der Zuidelijke Buddhisten,”

Read

if

That vijaya and

p.

90 and

p. 106.

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

106

Speak out tke truth, what offence is there in females that is not committed by males ? They are outdone by men 6.

in impudence, but excel

them

in virtues.

And

so says

Manu

about this matter “ Soma has given them purity, the Gandharvas a 7. :

Agni the faculty of eating Hence women are like unto pure gold.

trained voice, and food.

“Brahmans

8.

back

;

are clean at the feet

goats and horses in the face

;

all

cows are so on the

;

but

women

are clean all

over. 9.

sorts of

%

“

they be

They

are objects of matchless purity

defiled, for

in no

;

way can

every month do their courses carry off

all

faults. V

10. “

Those houses that are cursed by their female inmates

being undutifully treated shall totally perish, as

if

struck

by

witchcraft. 11. “ that)

Whether

it be your wife or your mother, (do consider sprung are from women. What pleasure ^ can

men

you expect,

0

ungrateful

men

!

in reviling both ?

12. “ It has been established in the moral code that there

where man and wife go astray, both have equal guilt. do not regard it women then are better in this respect.

Men

;

13.

“On

man may

transgressing against his wife, a

piate his sin

by wearing

for six

months an

ass’s

ex-

hide with

the hair turned outward. 14. “

(A

amorous inclination will not in a hundred years pass away. Men leave off from it by impotence,

women by 15.

“

wife’s)

self-command.

0

for the

impudence of the wicked

!

who

revile

blameless females, and like thieves, themselves engaged in ” the act of stealing, cry out hold, thief hold, thief.’ ‘

16.

The coaxing words ^ a man

privacy, he

is

!

utters to the sweetheart in

apt to forget afterwards, but a wife will from

gratitude embrace her lifeless husband, and so enter the (of the pile).

*

Utpala reads gubham, “ good, boon.”

“

In the text read

with the a short.

fire

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

He who

17.

so poor,

women

is,

107

him be never Dainty dishes and

possesses a jewel of a wife, let

my

to

judgment,^ a king.

royalty, the rest being but

are the quintessence of

fuel to kindle the fire of appetite.

18.

A

voluptuous delight equal to that you feel

when

embracing a paramour in the prime of youth, with swelling bosom, and murmuring sounds,

soft, lovely,

tender and sup-

mean, in Brahma’s heaven. you demur to this, please) tell me what pleasure is there, owing to gods. Sages, seraphs and heavenly choristers attending on the Fathers and other worshipful beings, such as not to be found in embracing a woman in privacy ? 20. This whole universe, from Brahma downwards to the very worms, depends upon the union of male and female. Why then should we feel ashamed of it, when the Lord himself, from desire of a maiden,^ assumed four faces ?

pressed, is not to he found, I

19. (If

Chapter LXXV. Winning of 1.

All genuine enjoyment of love

beloved far

Affection.

;

his only,

is

who

is

others do not get but the shadow, as the mind^is

away. 2.

soil,

Like a

tree’s

cutling broken

sown

in

or a seed

it,

and planted

ofi“

in the

retains the nature of the plant,

even so one’s very nature

is reborn within the wife, though some difference may be produced by the varying circum-

stances of the 3.

organs ^

The ;

In the

soil.

soiil

combines with the mind

;

the

mind with the

the organs with their objects, and that in quick te.\t

change

^

into Tit-

The sentiment

half stanza reminds one of Burger’s “

Wie selig wer seia Liebchen Wie selig lebt der Mann.

hat,

Er lebt wie in der Kaiserstadt Kein Eiii-st und Graf es kann.” Tilottamb, of course.

expressed in this

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

108 succession.

This being the natural process, what would be

mind

unattainable for the

?

And

whither the mind goes,

thither goes the very soul (the principle of

This soul

4.

may

life).

own

concealed within one’s

lies

heart, but

be observed by an attentive mind through continual

Now,

application.

since every one identifies himself with

the person he cherishes in his mind, therefore their thoughts with the beloved one, 5.

Genteelness, in the very

women

and with no

first place,

are in

other.

the cause that

is

you will be beloved a contrary behaviour produces aversion. Charms, philters and such-like quackeries are attended with many evils, but no help. 6. You will get beloved by forsaking pride arrogance ;

;

engenders

The arrogant man

dislike.

will with great diffi-

man

culty accomplish his ends, where the afiable

will with

ease. 7.

It is not indicative of vigour, to be partial of violent

Those are

measures, and to speak odious, ill-devised words. strong,

who perform

their

work calmly

;

not those

who

are

boasting. 8.

If you wish to be generally liked,

good parts in his absence.

you

By

tell

everybody’s

dwelling on another’s

many charges, even unmerited. man tries to benefit every one, the world

faults,

will incur 9.

If a

him

will try to benefit shall

get by bestowing benefits

shall prove of

10. Virtue

no

little

may

at large

and the reputation you upon enemies in distress,

in every way,

value.

be obscured for a while

;

it will, like fire

concealed by grass, grow the stronger, and he efface his fellow’s virtues will reap

who

desires to

nothing but the character

of a bad man.

Chapter LXXVI. Erotical Remedies. 1.

When

(at

the time of coition) the blood exceeds the

sperm, a female will be conceived

;

in the contrary case, a

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

109

male; when blood and sperm are equal, a hermaphrodite^

Hence one should

avail

oneself of

potions

fit

to

increase

sperm.2

The

2.

roof of a mansion, moonbeams, lotus, spring,

flat

a sweet girl languid with the effects of wine, a lute, privacy,

and garlands

By

3.

:

these constitute the ensnaring net of love.

swallowing a mixture of mineral honey, bee’s

honey, quicksilver, iron dust, yellow myrobalan, bitumen,

vermifuge and ghee,^ during twenty-one

days, one will, however old, be he an octogenarian, pleasure a girl as if he were a young man. 4. If one drink milk boiled with cowach roots, or pease cooked in milk and ghee, every sixth portion being followed by a potion of milk, he shall not be exhausted by women. 5. A man having numerous vdves should take powder of Batatas paniculata with its own sap, repeatedly commixed, and then dried, and drink along with it milk boiled with *

sugar.

On

6.

own

swallowing powder of emblic myrobalan with

its

commixed, and joined to honey, sugar and ghee, and on drinking milk after, a man may at heart’s content indulge love, when the remedy has been digested. 7. Siquis amasius lacte una cum testibus hircinis concocto sap, well

saepe conspersa sesama, deinde bene siccata, ederit, posthac lac biberit, 8.

quomodo

Men who

ei

passer antecellet ?

take boiled Shashtika rice with ghee and

pease porridge, and after

drink milk, shall over night not

it

abate in the sport of love.^ *

^

Cf. Suqruta,

Cf.

Suqruta,

i.

p. H21. ii.

p.

153, sqq., with the contents of this chapter

throughout. ®

Comm.

:

TlrlTf^

I

{i.e. pill) *

It is strange that all

MSS.

author ought to have written

II

agree in exhibiting

—

I

;

the

dare not say, has written

TTirf^*

The Commentator has

not understood the passage, because he

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

110 9.

A

mixture of Batatas paniculata and Shashtika-rice,

pounded, with sesamum, Physalis and cowach

root, the

whole

soaked in goat’s milk and ghee, then boiled, will be a very invigorating pudding. 10. After applying Asteracantha longifolia with milk, or

eating the bulbs of Batatas paniculata, one

exhausted (in sexual intercourse), digested.

if

will

not be

the remedy be well

Should the digestion be slow, you

may

apply the

following powder. 11.

Yellow myrohalan with Ajowan and

pepper with

salt;

ginger (take equal portions of them, and pound the whole)

have the powder soaked in vinous liquor, buttermilk, sour gruel and boiling water. This is a mixture for promoting digestion. 12.

One who

takes to the habit of eating excessively sour,

pungent things, and meals chiefly consisting of saline potherbs, will lose the power of sight, sperm and manhood, and so, after getting a woman, he will, however young, make several sham attempts, as if he were an old man.

bitter, salt or

Chapter LXXVII. Preparing of Perfumes. 1. etc.,

Since wreaths, perfumes, pastils, garments, ornaments,

are not beseeming in a

have care of dyeing the

man

with white hairs, one should

no

hair,

less

than of unguents and

ornaments. 2.

Put

into

an iron vessel grains of Paspalum, boiled in pound the whole fine apply it to

vinegar, with iron dust

;

;

the head after wetting the hair with vinegar, and keep the

head covered with wet

*

leaves.

to he

wrongly takes

«T

Hence

?1^H^

his e.vplanation

one word, in the instrumental case. is

quite

wrong;

means

here the same as *

According

to the reading" of the

term of the printed text

is

rendered

:

Comm.,

viz.

drdrapatraih.

“ with leaves of Calotropis.”

The

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

Ill

3. After sis hours take them off; thereon apply to the head an unguent of emhlic myrobalan, and have it for six On being washed, the head shall hours wrapt in leaves.

become black. 4. Thereupon remove the smell of iron and vinegar from the head by means of scented hair-waters and scented oils, sweet perfumes and sundry pastils, and so indulge in the royal pleasure in the female apartments.^ 5.

A

scented hair-water

fit

for kings is prepared

equal proportions of Cassia-bark, costus, Renuka,

JN^ali,

from

Trigo-

myrrh, Tabernaemontana and Andropogon schoenanmingled with Mesua^ and Tamala leaf (Xanthochymus). 6. Hair oil of the scent of Oampaka is made from powder of madder, .cuttlefish bone, Xakhi (shell perfume).

nella,

thus,

and myrrh, which, should be mixed with

after being

Cassia-bark, costus in the sun’s 7.

ra}'s,

From

proportions

equal

of

Tamala-leaf,

Andropogon schoenanthus, and Tabernaemontana a perfume (going

by the name

of)

Bet«'een stanzas 4 and 5 the

The

®

inserts the following-

I

identification of the

rests chiefly

prepared

grass ^ and fumi-

I

Cs

^

Comm,

olibanum, is

“Incentive of love.”

The same, combined with fragrant Dhyama ^

parched

oil.

remarks

TRi-

^

drugs enumerated here and in the sequel

upon the authority of the Commentator.

With two MSS., read

because something else

quired hut a term for kushtha, which occurs in the next line. the

word

is

a

synonym

and a much suspected right

is

this:

(leprosy).”

knshtha

As we have

is

re-

Now

though the dictionaries give

of

The proof denotes

that

an d

“costus,” and

means “disease,”

synonymous, and, according sequently

:

the

“a

are

certain

words are considered

to Indian fashion, interchangeable.

to look for another

synonym

disease

in

Con-

This word

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

112

gated witli Areca nut and Assafoetida/ yields a perfume “ Bakula-scent.” The same with costus is termed “ Lotus-scent,” and with sandal, “ Campaka-scent.” Allied

(called)

Cassia-bark and coriander,

with nutmeg,

goes

it

by the

denomination of “ Gaertnera-scent.” for one-half 8. For one-fourth anise and pine-resin Nakhi^ and olibanum and for one-fourth sandal and fragrant Priyangu ^ these make a perfume which is to be fumigated by sugar and FTakhi. Andropogon schoenanthus, lac, cyperus 9. Bdellium, grass, Nakhi and sugar (in equal proportions), constitute a compounded perfume. Another is made from spikenard, Andropogon schoenanthus, Nakhi and sandal. 10. Many nice compounded perfumes are prepared from yellow myrobalan, Nakhi, Cassia-bark,^ myrrh, Andropogon ;

;

:

is

wanting- in the dictionaries in the sense of “ disease,” hut there

not the slightest doubt of etc., is

its

common enough.

giH, therefore

and

Consequently

Herewith

^

N*

established the existence of

is

vydrna in the acceptation of “disease, evil,” and

reading

'*n

one

“what

remains:

MS.

of the

According

should he Solanum Jacquini list

may

it

(v.

(v.

:

1.

qrr^T^i)

1.

Another question

paraphrases

to the

(so in

dictionaries the latter

he, but is as yet rather doubtful.

Comm, we

of botanical terms to be found in the

happily corrupted, line

find this, (v.

'^ifl')

1.

un-

^*t^)

i

The term devudagdhnha

is

unknown

(either

with Utpala’s dictionaries

know

only a fern.

Comm,

takes

Mngu

*

;

follows that the

it

corrupted.

is

He

did Utpala read?”

the MSS.) with

In a

Comm,

is

=

existence, because

to

I

to the dictionaries

masc. or neut. and not ,

;

it is

fern.,

the same

though the

etc.).

be bdellium or vermilion;

I see

no reason for

this, as

Assafoetida

is

ex-

tensively used in India.

Comm. ^ *

:

I

In the text read ^nafr. Reading and rendering equally doubtful.

Comm,

it

is

here written

qq,

elsewhere

qq

,

In

my MSS.

of the

Utpala gives here no

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

113

schoenanthus, sugar, costus, benzoin and cyperus- grass, by increasing tbe proportion of each subsequent drug out of tbe i, and so forth. Four proportions of sugar, benzoin and cyperus-grass one of Nakhi and two of turpentine and Saltree-resin bdellium let all this be made into a lump with honey, and The result is a let the scent be excited by camphor.^ termed Kopacchada {i.e. concealing compounded perfume anger), worthy of kings. 12. A powder from Cassia-bark, Andropogon muricatus and Tamala-leaf, in three portions, allied with half a portion of small cardamums, is an excellent perfume for clothes, when the scent has been revived by musk and camphor. 13. 14. An immense number of perfumes can be made from sixteen substances, if every four of them are permuted at will, and that in one, two, three or four proportions.^

nine by 11.

;

;

:

paraphrase, but in

however,

is

apart in

st.

st.

29 he explains

it

by paripelavarn.

synonymous with musta, and as the

we

prefer

however *

st.

enumerated

10 and 24, Utpala must be mistaken, unless, contrary to

the authority of the dictionaries, paripelavarn be not if

This term,

latter is

ghana, we

=

are not sure that Cassia-bark

is

Even

musta. intended

;

cf.

12 and 24.

The Comm,

gives a definition of the terms vedlia

^

and bodha

^

I

:

I

He

quotes for the purpose a distich in Prakrit, from I(jvara, an author on the art of preparing perfumes

The

last

words should be corrected, or

^

:

= Skr.

1

think, into ;

(or

the rest

is

clear.

Comm.

(such a receptacle

VOL. VII.

— [new semes.]

is

called a

I

8

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

114

Andropogon schoenanthus, benzoin, Curcuma Zerumbet,^ Andropogon muricatus, Mesua,

The

drugs

are

:

Cassia-bark,

Trigonella, agallochum, Artemisia, Nakhi, Tabernaemontana, coriander, Cora and sandal. 15. Always take only one proportion of coriander, and

cuttlefish-bone,

still

less of

camphor

of neither add two or

;

tions, because otherwise their scent

more proporwould be too powerful.

The enumerated drugs must be fumigated with

16.

pine-

sugar and Nakhi, severally, not combined. the fragrancy, add musk and camphor. revive means to a As 17. The number of perfumes resulting from sixteen inresin, turpentine,

gredients (being

mixed in

+70000+100000-4-720 18. Each drug taken

(

all possible

combinations)

is

4000

= 174720). combined

in one proportion, being

with three others in two, three and four proportions, suc-

makes six sorts of scents. Likewise when taken and four proportions.® As in this manner four substances combined in dif-

cessively,

in two, three, 19.

ferent proportions yield twenty-four perfumes,

other tetrads.

Hence the sum

20. If a quantity of sixteen substances different ways, the result will be a

21. Since this quantity

number

St.

18 sq.)

is

Ct

I

I

I

I

i

I

I

I

Read

®

Cf. foregoing note.

71^

^ II

I

I

II

'

varied in four

combined in four ways admits of

1

’THIT:

II

the

of 1820.

I

(see

too

so

will be ninety-six.

and so

forth.

1

^

i

I

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

115

number of 1820 must be multiplied Tbe product will be tbe total of possible

ninety-six variations^ the

by

ninety-six.

combinations of perfumes.^

Take two proportions of agallocbum, three of

23, 24, 25.

five of

Tamala-leaf,

olibanum,

eight of

benzoin,

of

five

Priyangu, eight of cyperus- grass, two of myrrh,

fragrant

three of Andropogon, four of Trigonella, one of Cassia-bark,

seven of Tabernaemontana, six of spikenard, seven of sandal, six of

Nakhi, four of pine-resin and one of Deodar-resin.

Mix them

four by four in a receptacle of sixteen divisions. The mass of eighteen proportions (in each tetrad) constitutes a compound for perfumes, etc.

same be blended with Nakhi, Tabernaemonrevive the fragrance by nutmeg, camphor and musk fumigate with sugar and Nakhi. In this way are made scents called Sarvatobhadra {i.e. “ good for all 26. Let the

tana and olibanum

;

;

use ”).

Many

27.

perfumes for the mouth

collection of four substances

muted

sprinkled

^

are prepared from a

the fore-mentioned, per-

After the fragrance has been excited by

at will.

nutmeg,

among

musk and camphor, the compound should be with mango juice and honey.

compounded perfumes into whose composition and pine-resin are modified, so that the place of turpentine and pine-resin is taken by Andropogon schoenanthus and Cassia-bark, they become scents for washing. 29. 30. Take Lodh, Andropogon muricatus, Tabernaemon28. If the

enters turpentine

tana, agallochum, cyperus-grass, fragrant Priyangu, Cassia-

bark '

^

and yellow myrobalan

The

translation of

st.

permute and vary them three

22 (recurring in Brh. Jataka,

omitted, as, without the copious

would be hardly

;

intelligible.

13,

4) is

commentary and some diagrams,

The

explanation also

is

found

in

it

the

printed edition of the Brh. Jataka. ^

Comm.

^

Reading and rendering doubtful.

:

Tnfr^lTrTT:

word by paripelava.

I

Tlie

Comm,

paraphrases the

But, this being the same with mustu,

out of question, because

we

find

mustd

in the

same

line.

is

wholly

As vana

is

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

116

by three in a receptacle of nine compartments join to each compound one proportion of sandal, one of olibanum, onehalf of Nakhi and one-fourth of anise; fumigate with In this manner are prehellebore (?), vermilion and sugar. ;

pared eighty-four perfumes for the hair. 31. for a

(To perfume) tooth sticks used for brushes, put them

week

into cowstale

mixed with yellow myrobalan, and

again into scent-water. 32, 33. This scent-water

is

to

be prepared from small carda-

mums. Cassia-bark, Tamala-leaf, antimony, honey, pepper, Mesua and costus. Keep the tooth sticks for a while ^ in it then powder them with a mixture of four proportions of nutmeg, two of Tamala-leaf, one of small cardamums, and three of camphor, and let them dry in the sun’s rays. 34.

Tooth

him who

sticks (so prepared) will procure to

uses them, freshness of colour, brightness of the face, purity

and fragrance

mouth, and an agreeable voice.

to the

35. Betel stimulates love,

phlegmatic diseases, and 36.

the countenance, in-

fragrance to the mouth,

gives

gratiates,

sets off

is

Used with a moderate dose of

when 37.

much

lime,

it

quells

tonic,

lime, it gives colour

with too excessive a dose of areca-nut,

with too

is

producive of yet other advantages.

it

destroys colour

;

gives a bad smell to the mouth, but

the betel-leaf predominates, a pleasant smell.

At night

a quid of betel

is

salutary, if

it

consists

and at day-time, if it is mixed with lime in any other fashion than those here prescribed to apply betel When the fragrance of betel is enis a mere abuse of it. hanced by Kakkola, Areca, Averrhoa and Erythrine,® it awakens the joys of amorous intoxication. chiefly of leaf,

;

one of the terms for water, and any word for water denotes Andropogon

schoenanthus

(Jirtvera),

possible that our author,

it is

if

he really wrote

vana, meant lirivera, ‘

Half a day, says Utpala.

^

The Comm, he says

takes

to

mean

:

;

would say phala instead of pushpa? have meant “ scents

and about

for the

mouth”

As

of course wrong, for

to purijdta, the author

in general.

who

may

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

117

Chapter LXXVIII. Union of

Man

and Wife.

by

Tradition says that Viduratha was killed

1.

queen with a weapon concealed in her plaited

king of Kaci-land

^

by

hair,

his

own

and the

queen through means

his disaffected

of an ankle-ring smeared with poison.^ an erratum for

is ^

Utpala quotes from Kamandaki a passage, which in the Calcutta

Some

ed. of the Nitisara is vii. 49, sqq.

Comm,

my MSS.

readings in

are better,

some worse than >»

in the Calcutta ed.

;

the passage runs thus Cs

NJ

wun

II

?ng:

hct:

ii

^nwrf^qxir

^

is

i

H

11

^ It

(v. 1 .

II

obvious that the reading

terous, because

it is

half-learned reader,

meaning “

in the Calc. ed.

prepos-

is

distinctly prescribed in the next following verse that

the king should not go

;

gaccket

is

a would-be emendation, from some

who was unaware

On

to receive one’s visit.”

with the Calc. ed.

about

of the

(which need not be exactly those Utpala himself wrote down),

of pagyati {drg, darganam, etc.),

we have

the other hand,

and

•

1

but judge them preferable, as they

T|«|tl«lt

harmonize with the tenor of the whole passage, which tends cate the necessity of being suspicious.

mandaki and our author are poisoned ankle-ring.

to read

doubtful

at

It

variance

may be

to incul-

noticed that Kfi-

anent the story of the

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

118 2.

So do disaffected wives occasion deadly mischief

need we mention other examples fully try

Therefore, let

?

whether their wives are affected or

men

:

why care-

disaffected.

from amorous passion is indicated by expressions of feeling, by showing the navel, 3.

Affectionateness springing

arms, bosom, ornaments, by tightening the garments, by

untying the plaited Teyebrows, 4.

by

hair,

by twitches and tremblings of the

side- glances.

(Other tokens of

are

affection

:)

in

her husband’s

presence, she will spit with noise, laugh loud, rise

up from

have slight convulsions and yawn, ask little when for things easily to be had, fondle and kiss her child he has turned his face, she will look at her female companion, couch or

seat,

;

follow 5.

who

him with the

You may

eye,

mention his

hold that she,

virtues, scratch her ear.

also, is affectionately

disposed

talks kindly, shares her wealth, gladdens at seeing her

husband, and, forgetting her anger, wipes out any fault of

by extolling his good parts. be 6. She will honour his friends, hate his enemies grateful, feel sad at his absence offer him her breast and lips, clasp him in her arms, sweat, and be the first to apply a

his

;

;

kiss. 7.

The gesture of a disaffected wife is frowning the away the face, ingratitude, want of eagerness,

brows, turning 10. fretfulness,

kindness towards her husband’s enemies, and

harsh language.^ 8.

On

touching or beholding him, she shudders

the proud part

;

receiving a kiss, sleeps the 9.

;

plays

him when he is going on she wipes her mouth she rises the last, and

tries

not to retain

;

;

first.

Buddhistic nuns, female ascetics, handmaids, nurses,

errand-girls, laundresses, flower-sellers, vile

women, female

companions, barbers’ wives, serve as go-betweens.

As go-betweens families,

occasion

the

ruin

of

respectable

one should carefully keep any wife from them,

that the reputation ‘

and honour of the family may

Cf. Raja-taranglni

iii.

503, sqq.

increase.

THE BRHAT-SANHITA. 11.

Nocturnal walks,

vigils,

119

pretended sickness,

visits to

another’s house, consultations with soothsayers, and immoral festivals, are occasions for

he taken heed 12.

rendezvous at which wives must

of.^

A loving wife will,

show no

at first,^

and

desire,

will

not leave off the amorous chat, though somewhat abashed

In the midst of the action she

and drooping.

will be devoid

Then,

of shame, and, on the close, bashfully drop her face. again, she will

perceiving

the

show various expressions of

sentiment*, and,

humour of her husband, attentively acto him in movements indicative of weari-

commodate herself ness or otherwise. 13.

Good

qualities in a wife are youth, beauty, fashionable

dress, genteelness, discreetness, sprightliness,

and

so on.

If

they are possessed of good qualities, they are called “jewels of wives,” whereas “ nuisances.” 14.

>

A

wife,

when

others,

for

an

intelligent

in privacy with her husband, should not

Comm.

r{W[>

The

II

third stanza has been received into VetMa-pancavimjati

works

is

vouched by unimpeachable authorities, and as in the Diet,

of B. and R. yet,

it is

vdsam has

distinctly noticed that the neuter

been discovered,

it is

worth while

to

remark that

passage above. ^

and other

many corruptions and reading. The neuter gender

(see Bohtlingk, Ind. Spriiche, 2217), with

unsuccessful attempts to restore the true of

man, are

Comm.

:

TT!!R%^

I

it

not, as

occurs in the

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

120

be smutty, not talk in boorish terms, not speak of unseemly parts of the body, nor mention other business, for

the

mind

that

Love takes

it

is

in

his origin.

Sending forth her breath equally with her husband, offer him her arm for a pillow and her breasts, the hair scented and the amorous desire soon aroused, she goes to slumber after he has fallen asleep and awakes before him. 15.

ready to

Avoid ill-tempered females, and such

16.

Nor

in times of pressure. is

as are impatient

are those approved whose blood

dark, blue, yellow or slightly copper-red.

A woman

17. 18.

that

is

much

sleepy, has too

blood and

vexed with the whites, of a rheumatic and phlegmatic constitution, gluttonous, sweaty, with deformed limbs, shorthaired and with (prematurely) grey hairs further, one whose bile, is

;

who

flesh is not solid,

those

who

is

paunch-bellied and lisping

declared wicked

:

;

besides,

on the signs of women have been

in the chapter

with any such should a

man

not play the

sport of love.

The menstrual blood

is sound if it is tinged like hare’s and fades after washing.^ 20. Such blood not attended with noise and pain, and

19.

blood or similar to

lac,

ceasing to flow after three days, will unquestionably, subse-

quently to coition, develope into an embryo. 21.

Let a woman during those three days not indulge in

bathing, wearing wreaths, and anointing the body, and

let

her bathe ^ on the fourth day according to the injunction pre-

work of

scribed in a

authority.

22. Let her use for her bath the herbs enumerated in the

chapter on the Inauguration ceremony (Oh. xlviii.), mixed

with water

;

on the same occasion the prayer there taught

will serve.

In the even nights, in the odd ones, females 23.

;

so ^

they say, males are procreated in the even nights, each fourth

night * omitted, long-lived, handsome and lucky males. '

Cf.

Su 9 ruta,

i.

p. 315.

^

Cf. Siiqruta,

i.

p. 321.

'

Comm.

:

WW

Cf. Suqruta,

^

I

i.

p.

316.

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

On

24.

the

the right side (of the

a female one

left,

;

womb)

lies

121 a male child

twins occupy both sides

lying in the middle of the

womb may

;

;

on

a fetus

be held to be a

hermaphrodite. 25. Let a

man have

sexual intercourse with his wife

when

the central houses {i.e. the 1st, 4th, 7th and 10th) are occupied by benign planets when the Moon is stationed in the first house and in conjunction with good planets ; when the ;

malign planets occupy the

third, eleventh, sixth houses, or

the constellations are of a kind to portend the birth of

when sons.

26. During the space of time fit for coition should a man by no means hurt his wife with nails or teeth. The fit time for coition is sixteen days, but in the first three nights he

had better have no intercourse with

her.

Chapter LXXIX. Signs of Couches and Seats.

I

1.

am

going to

tell

the signs of couches and

seats,

because this science will constantly be of use to everybody, and especially to kings.

Good

2.

trees (for beds

and

seats) are

Asan, Dalbergia,

sandal-tree, yellow sandal-tree. Deodar, ebony, Sal, Gmelina,

Morunga, Padmaka, Tectona and Sissu. 3. 4. Unfit are trees overthrown by thunderstrokes, water, wind those in which bees and birds have taken up their abode those growing on a hallowed spot, cemetery, road, or being sear at the top, and entwined with creepers or spinous trees, those growing at the confluence of great rivers or near temples, and such as have fallen down in a south-western ;

;

;

direction. 5.

From

the use of couches and seats constructed from

forbidden trees ensues the ruin of the families, and diseases, peril, expenses, quarrels 6.

and

all sorts

of misfortunes arise.

Or should the timber have been hewn

formerly, then

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

122

behoves to be examined at the time the work

it

hand.

If a

little

lad climb

upon the timber,

it

is

taken in

will procure

sons and cattle.

You may deem

7.

a lucky token, if at the beginning

it

work you happen

of the

to see white blossoms, a rutting

elephant, curdled milk, barley-corns, fiUed water-jars, gems,

and other auspicious things. 8.

A

digit, as

used in workmanship,

is

equal to eight

barley-corns deprived of the husks and laid in such a

way

A bed of

that they touch each other on the swelling part.

the greatest length, amounting to a hundred digits,

is fit

for

kings and promises victory. 9.

Couches of ninety, eighty-four,

seventy-two digits are

fit

seventy-eight,

for princes, ministers,

and

army com-

manders and court-priests, successively. 10. The width is, after the prescript of Vicvakarman, oneeighth less than half the length.^

with swelling part and top included,

The height is

of the legs,

equal to one-third of

the length of the couch. 11.

riches

A

couch constructed wholly of Gmelina, wdl bestow

one of Asan, removes sickness

;

;

one of the hardest

ebony, gives wealth. 12.

One exclusively fabricated from Sissu, promotes well many ways one of sandal-wood, repels enemies and

being in

;

promotes virtue, renown and long 13.

A

learning

life.

Padmaka secures longevity, fortune, and wealth one made of SM timber, produces couch of

;

happiness; so does one of Tectona.

A

monarch who reposes upon a couch constructed and decked with gold, studded with variegated gems, will be honoured by the very gods. 15. Ebony and Sissu produce no good effects, if joined with other wood nor do Gmelina, Deodar, and Asan. 16. Tectona and Sal, however, bring luck, whether combined or separate. Likewise yellow sandal and Nauclea are 14.

exclusively of sandal-wood

;

lucky, whether single or united. *

50

Taken roughly,

—^ =

nearly 43.

e.g. the

width of a royal couch will be equal to

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

A

17.

couch,

made wholly

of Dalbergia

whilst one of tamarind- wood

is

123 is

not favourable,

destructive of

Asan

life.

being joined with other timber, will soon produce

many

evils.

18. The legs may be made from tamarind-wood, Tectona and sandal-wood, but the best from Tectona. Couches and seats from the timber of any fruit-tree will have favourable effects.

19.

They approve

of using ivory in connexion with any

timber before mentioned, provided the ornamental work be

made from irreproachable 20.

Cut

off

ivory.

from an elephant’s tusk a part equal

to thrice

little more in case of tusks marshy grounds, a little less in case

the circumference at the bottom, a of elephants frequenting

of hdl elephants, and thereon carve the rest. 21. If in cutting figures appear resembling a Qrivatsa,

Yardhamana, umbrella, standard or chowries, good health, triumph, increase of wealth and joy are to be expected. 22. A figure similar to some weapon bodes victory one ;

like a spiral turning to the right, bodes the recovery of land lost

;

one resembling a clod, the complete possession of land

formerly acquired. 23. If

some figure showing

will be lost

;

if it

like a female turns up, riches

be a vase, a son will be born.

indicates the getting of a hidden treasure,

A water-pot

and a rod im-

pediment to a journey. 24. Figures of lizards, monkeys, snakes, portend famine, sickness, oppression

by a

foe;

forms like vultures, owls, rooks

or hawks, bode pestilence. 25. If the figure resembles a noose or headless trunk, the

sovereign will die

;

if

blood

is

oozing, calamity befalls the

If the cut be black, grey, rough and bad-smelling,

people.

disaster is near.

26. luck.

A

white, even, good-smelling

The being

auspicious

produces corresponding 27.

or

effects to

and sleek cut

will bring

inauspicious of the cuts,

the couches.

According to the precept of the masters, one ought,

in fitting the sidebeams, to lay the points of the

beams

in a

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

124

direction from left to rigKtd

If they be laid contrariwise,

or all turned to one direction, there will he danger from Spirits.

28. TVIiere

one leg^ stands topsy-turvy, there will the

where two legs are in the same predicament, food remains indigested where there are three or four in such a condition, will be misery, death and owner’s foot get crippled

;

;

captivity.

29. If there is a hollow or discoloured spot in the upper

part of the leg,

it

portends sickness

a

;

knob on the swelling

part of the leg threatens disease of the belly. 30. Beneath the swelling part is the lower leg, a knob in which causes unsafety. There below is the base a knob in ;

this place will occasion the ruin of goods.

31.

A

knob

at the hoof (so called) will,

cause distress to hoofed animals.

it

is

Inauspicious also

declared, is

a

knob

occurring at a third of the whole length of the sidebeams

and crossbeams. 32. The different sorts of flaws in the wood may be summed up in the following nomenclature cavity, boar’s eye, hog’s eye, calf’s navel, freckle and Dhundhuka.® 33. The flaw called cavity looks like a waterpot, hollow the other termed in the middle and narrow at the mouth boar’s eye is as large as a Catjang-pea and blackish. 34. The “hog’s eye” is distinguished by being rough, discoloured, and by extending over one knot and a half. The “calf’s navel” is a fissure running from right to left, and extending over one knot. 35. The defect termed freckle is black, and the Dhundhuka If a faulty spot shows the same colour with the is a cleft. ;

;

rest of the

36.

The

property

;

wood,

it is

pronounced

defect going

i.e. in

“

i.e.

^

The

be not so very bad.

by the name of cavity causes

the boar’s eye, ruin to the family

danger from the sword; the '

to

calf’s navel,

;

the hog’s eye,

danger from sickness.

a direction following the course of the sun.

support of the couch. true form of this

word

is

uncertain

;

loss of

cf.

var. readings.

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

125

and Dhundhuka, as well as In general, timber spots vitiated with insects, bring no good. with numerous knobs will in no case be favourable. 38. A couch made from one kind of good timber will be lucky yet more lucky one of wood of two trees one con-

The

37.

flaws termed freckle

;

;

structed from three promotes the well-being of one’s children;

one from four insures wealth and eminent renown.

He who

39.

on a couch constructed from five kinds A couch made from the life on it.

rests

of trees will lose bis

timber of

six,

seven, or eight trees occasions the ruin of the

house.

Chapter LXXX. Trying of Diamonds. 1.

A

good luck; a bad one, connoisseurs examine Destiny as con-

good jewel insures

Hence

disaster.

let

to kings

nected with jewels. 2. The word “jewel” is applied women, etc., if they excel in the good

kind; but here are stones, 3.

we

tell,

to Dadhica.

of precious stones

is

their birth to Bala, the

Others

demon

;

teach that the variety

still

a result of earth’s nature.^

(The most common gems are

4. 5.

own

rest.

Some say that gems owe

as others

elephants, horses,

to treat of jewels in the sense of precious

diamonds and the

i.e.

to

qualities of their

:)

diamond, sapphire,

emerald, agate, ruby, bloodstone, beryl, amethyst, Yimalaka,

quartz

(?),

crystal,

conch, azure-stone, solite (?), pearl, 6.

pure

;

and

moongem, sulphur-hued gem topaz,

that from the Kocala-country ;

opal,

coral.

The diamond found on the hank

blossom

(?),

Brahma-stone, Jyotirasa, chry-

the Surashtrian diamond

is

of the

is

Yena

is

quite

tinged like Sirisa-

somewhat copper-red

that from Supara, sable. 7.

The diamond from the Himalaya 1

Cf. also

Atharva-Veda,

is

iv. 10.

slightly copper-

THE BRHAT-SANHITA.

126 coloured

the sort derived from

;

wheat-blossom

;

Matanga ^ shows the hue of is yellowish, and from

that from Kalinga

Pundra, grey.

A

8.

hexagonal, white diamond,

is

consecrated to Indra

a dark one, of the shape of a snake’s mouth, to

hued

like a plantain stalk, of

9.

hued

A

any shape,

to

Yama

;

one

Yishnu.

diamond of the shape of a female pudendum and Pterospermum, will be Varuna’s; a

like the flower of

trigonal one, of the colour of a tiger’s eye,

is

consecrated to

Agni.

A diamond having

10.

hue of Acoka-blossom,

is

the form of a harley-com and the declared to be Yayu’s.

are found in three different

ways

:

Diamonds

in rivers, in mines, and

sporadic.

A

11.

one, for

red or yellow diamond

Brahmans

;

is fit for

Kshatriyas; a white

one of the hue of Sirisa-flower,

for

Yaicyas; whereas a diamond of the dark tinge of a sword

deemed good

is

for Qudras.

Eight seeds of white mustard make one grain. diamond weighing twenty grains is two lakhs The Karshas silver a diamond weighing eighteen (200,000) grains is worth two lakhs lessened by j (/.