The Hērbedestān and Nērangestān, Volume IV Nērangestān, Fragard III 2910640027, 2910640035, 2910640043, 2910640086, 2910640094

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S T U D l A I R A N I C A. C A H I E R 3 8

THE .H ERBEDESTAN AND NERANOESTA .N OLUME 'I V: NBRANGESTAN, FRA.G ARD 3

FIROZE M KOTWAL AND PHILIP G. KREYENBROE

S QCI. ~f'"ION POU

L .A 'V NCEM .JNT DE

PA .l 2(t09

E'I UDES 'I l~ANl l~N NES 1

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'l'HE HF.RBEDESTAN AND NERANGESTAN

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STUDIA JRANICA C.AHlER 38

T E HERBE . EST .• · __ DER ·T OLUME _V: NERANGESTA.N, FRAGARD 3

EDITED AND TRA.NSLATED BY AROZE M . KOTWALAND PHJLIPG. KREYENBROEK

PA S 2009 •

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LES CAHIERS DE STUDl J. NJC · sont publies p . •

L'ASSOC ATION POUR L'AV _· ·cE1v1ENT DE ETUD -_,

Direction des ,Cahie,rs de Studza'lranzca Ph GIGNOUX et R. GY EL' . ,

DIFFUSION

PEETE.RS PRESS., Bondgenot nlaan 153 PB 41, B-3000 La corrcspcndance scientifique oit etr. ail'fl"'Dssee · . M. P:hilippe Gignou, . AJ ·e d Maconna , 7'71 O ·r r -Attilly

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Mm R' " Gy selen, 13 rue du Fond Garant, 9 440 B es-sur.. v

ISSN 0993 8699

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ISBN 97·8·2 9106 0-24-:

0 ASSOCIATION POUR L'AVANCEMENTDES ETUDES IRA'NJE.NNES, PAR.IS 200 '.

This tmal volume is dedica:ted o ·, •W.AZ . OTWAL AND MrEKE K.REYENB OEK

without whos·e patience and support this work could not have be -n finished

CONTENTS

Abbreviations ........................................... ................................................. 9 A Select Bibliography .............................. .............................. ................. 13 Introduction ...................................................... ..................................... .. 1.9 Chapter 67 (85):l on wearing the sacred girdle (1) ................................ 26 Chapter 68 (86): on wearing the sacred girdle (2) ................................. 30 Chapter 69 (87): on size and quality of the sacred garments ................. 30 Chapter 70 (88): on the barsom twigs .................................................... 34 Chapter 71 (89): on spreading the barsom twigs .................................... 34 Chapter 72 (90): on taking the barsom twigs ......................................... 36 Chapter 73 (91): on under and upper garments .................. .................... 40 Chapter 74 (92): on clothing and the girdle (1) ....................................... 42 Chapter 75 (93): on clothing and the girdle (2) ....................................... 44 Chapter 76 (94): on clothing and the girdle (3)....................................... 46 Chapter 77 (95): on clothing and the girdle (4) ....................................... 48 Chapter 78 (96): on clothing and the girdle (5) ....................................... 50 Chapter 79 (97): on the barsom (1) ........................ ................................. 52 Chapter 80 (98): on the barsom (2) ...... ........... ........................................ 66 Chapter 81 (99): on the barsom (3) ......................................................... 68 Chapter 82 (100): on the barsom (4) .................................................. ..... 70 Chapter 83 (101): the barsom and agricultural pursuits ............. ............ 72 Chapter 84 (102): on the use of the barsom during rituals .................... 76 Chapter 85 (103): rituals concerning the fire and the barsom..... .. .......... 84 Chapter 86 (104): on sharing the performance of rituals ........................ 90 Chapter 87 (105): on collecting firewood and twigs for the barsorn ..... 92 Chapter 88 (106): on the minimal quantity of firewood ......................... 94 Chapter 89 (107): on the pestle and mortar ............................................ 96 Chapter 90 (108): on aspects of the baoma offering .............................. 98 Chapter 91 (65): on fetching water and reciting Avestan .................... 100 1

The Chapter numbers in brackets are those found in J. Darmesteter, Le ZendAvesra m, 91-103, cf. Kotwal and Kreyenbroek 1995: 13.

7

CAHIERS DE STUD/A TRAN/CA 38, 2009.

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NE k A NG ,E s T'A N

Colophon Avestan Glossary Pahlavi. Glossary

106

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ABBREVIATIONS

JOURNALS AND OTHER COMPOSITE WORKS Air AO BB BSO(A)S E!r

IF Ill IA JAGS JCOJ IRAS KZ MSS

RHR SBE

TPS

ZDMG

Acta lranica Acta Oriencalia Beitriigc zur Kunde der indogermanischen Sprachen Bulletin of the School of Oriental (and African) Scud.ies Encyclopaedia Iranica., ed. E. Yarshater lndogermanische Forschungen lndo-Iranian Journal Journal Asiatique Journal of the American Oriental Society Joumal of che K.R. Cama Oriental lnstiwte Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society aitschrift fiir ve.rgleichende Sprachforschung auf dcm Gcbietc derindogennanischcn Sprachen MUncbener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft Revue de 1'Histoire des Religions Sacred Books of the East, ed. F. Max Muller Transactions of the Philological Society aitschrift der Deutschen Morgenllind.ischen Gesellschaft IRANIAN TEXTS

Afr. a.v. AWN DD Dk DkM DkS EM GBd Herb.

MHD

MX Ner. Ny. Phl. Vend. Phl.Y. Phl. Yt. Purs.

Afrinagan af;1m vohiJ Arday W°IIBZ Niimag Diidestan I Denlg

Denkard Denkard ed. Madan [ = Madan 1911] Denkard ed. Sanjana [= Sanjana 1874-1928) Episdes of Manuscihr Greater Bundahisn Herbedestan Madayan I Hazar Diidesc.an Menog i Xrad Nerangestan Niyiiyisn

Pahlavi Vendidiid Pahlavi Yasna Pahlavi Yast Pursisniha

9

CAHJERS DE STUDU IRAN/CA 38, 2009.

NERANGESTAN

Riv. RivAd RivDd RivEA RivHor Sir.

sns

SupplSnS SY Vend. Visp. Y. y.a.v. YH y.h. Yt. XA Zadsp. ZWY

Riviiyat The Pahlavi Riviiyac of .Adur-Fambag and Fambag~Sros The Pahlavi Riv!)'at Accompanying the Dadestan I Denig The Rivayat of Emed i Aswahiscan The Rivayat of Honnazyar Froman Siroza Sayist-ne-Sayist The Supplementary Texts to the Siiyist-ne-Siiyist Scaota Yesniia Vendidad VTspered Yasna jafra ahii vairiio Yasna Haptanghaici ye,jhe hat~ Yast Xorda Avesta Wizidagiha I Zadsparam Zand i Wahman Yasn GENERAL

abl. abst.

acc. adj. adv. AirWb Av.

Col. comp. compar. conj. dat.

dem. denom. du. encl. et al.

excl. f.

ablative abstract accusative

adjective adverb Alciranisches Worterbuch [= Bartholomae 1904] Avestan Colophon compound comparative conjunction dative demonstrative denominative dual enclitic et alii exclamation

gen. gloss.

feminine fin.ite gen.itive glossary

Guj.

Gujarati

ibid. id. i.e. imp. impers.

ibidem

ind.

indicative

inf. interr.

infin.itive instrumental interrogative

Ir.

Iranian

lit.

literally

loc.

locative

fin.

inst.

idem that is

imperative impersonal

FRAOARD 3 Joe. cir.

J,oco citato

m.

masculin.e Manichaean .i\1.iddle Persian

· anMP m d.

medium

Middle Persian M - S)

manuscript(s)

n.

noun

e. neut. nom

, e 0 ative

neuter nominative Ne ,Persian numeral Old ·nclian Old Iranian, 1

num

O.....d Olr

om. OP pt

onut{s)

Old Persian optative

Op. Cll.

operc e1•ra,t o

part. pass. P rs. r . pro

panicipl • pas ve P -rsian per,sonal pronoun

pf. Ph] pl. stpos. ,prep.

perfi .-ct

•

T_V.,

pr n~

pr st. pron. pr part.

p '' q r.

Pahl - vi plural postpo . ition . prepos -tlon preverb proper noun pres nt stem · rono n

pre· n participle

pa.ra,cl .· Parthlan ,quo vid . e to

reflex1v · r lat1ve g.

singular

-anskrit s.o s.th subj.

s -. s.v.

b.

!V&.Ll·w

O

-

som thing subjunctive ' uffi . sub voce e o V b -rbal no n

I1

e--

A SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Andreas, F.C. and W .B. Henning (1932, 1933, 1934), 'Mitteliranische Manichaica aus Chinesisch Turkestan', Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Anklesaria, B.T. (1949), Pahlav£ Vendidad, Bombay Anklesaria. B.T. (1956), Zand-Akasih: Iranian or Greacer Bundahisn, Bombay Ank.lesaria, B .T. (1957), Zand-i Vohiiman Yasn and Two Pahlavi Fragments, Bombay Ank.lcsaria, B.T. (1962), Rivayat-I Hemit-i Asavahistan, vol. I: Pahlavi Text, Bombay Ank.lesaria, B.T. (1964), Vichiraldha-i Zatsparam, ~- 1 [all published], Bombay Ank.lesaria, B.T. (1969), The Pahlavi Rivayac of Aturfambag and Fambag-Sros, 2 vols, Bombay _ Ank.lesaria, T .D. (1883a), Bajdham_E, Bombay Anklcsaria, T.D. (1883b), Fravasi Afringano ane Afrino, Bombay nd Anlclesaria, T.D. (1957), Yazishna ba rv-mwg, repr. Bombay [lsi ed. 1888; 2 ed. 1926] Anklcsaria, T.D. (n.d.), The Datiscan-i Dinik: part I, Purs. I-XL, Bombay Anklesaria, P.K. ( 1958), A Critical Edition of the Unedited Portion of the Dadestan-i Din'ik [Thesis London University J Anon. (1957), Yazishna ba rv-mwg, sec Anklesaria, T.D. (1957) Antia, E.K (1909), Pazand Texts, Bombay Asmussen, J. (1968), 'Iranica', AO 31, pp. 9-20 Azami, C.A. (1988), 'Parmgar Fire Temple', JCOI 55, pp. 200-06 Back, M (1988). 'K.irdegan', in: Duchesne-Guillernin, Sundermann and Vahman (eds.), A Green Leaf: Papers in Honour of Professor l. Asmussen [Acta Iranica 28], Leiden, pp. 45-60 Bailey. H.W. (1934), 'Iranica 11', IRAS, 1934, pp. 505-18 Bailey, H.W. (1943), Z.Oroastrian Problems in the Ninrh-centu.ry Books, Oxford [2"" ed. 1971] Bailey, H.W. (1954), 'lndo-Iranian Studies', TPS, pp. 129-56 Bailey, H.W. (1954a) 'Avestan Driwi', Prof. Jackson Memorial Volume, Bombay, 1-6 Bailey, H .W. (1957) 'Adversaria Indoiranica', BSOASXIX, pp. 49-57 Bailey, H .W . (1960), 'Indagatio Indo-Iranica', TPS, pp. 62-88 Bailey, H.W. (1975), 'Excursus Indocaucasicus', in: Duchcsne-GuiJlemin (ed.), Monumentum Nyberg, vol I, Leiden [Acta Iranica 4), pp. 31 -5 Bajan, P.M. (1991), 'On the Middle Persian Word st6s', K..R. Cama Oriental Institute Platinum Jubilee Volume. Bombay, pp. 36-42 Bartholomae, Chr. (1895), ' Vorgeschichte der iranischen Sprachen', in: Geiger and Kuhn (eds.), Grundriss der iranischen Philologie, 1.1, Strassburg, pp. 1-160 Bartholomae, Chr. (1896), 'Arica VIII', JF7, p. 229ff. Bartholomac, Chr. (1904), Altironisches Worterbuch, Strassburg Bartholomac, Chr. (1916-25), 'Zur Kenntniss der mitteliranischen Mundarten I-VT, Siczungsberichte der Heidelbergischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Benveniste, E. (1935). infinicifs avestiques, Paris

us

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CAHIERS DE STVDU IRANICA 38. 2009.

14

Nl!RANGF.STAN

Benveniste, E. (1964), 'La racineyac- en indo-iranien', in: Redard (ed.), lndo-Iranica: Melanges presences a Georg Morgensdeme, Wiesbaden, pp. 21 -27 Bhesania, N.K. (1943), Vandidad ba Nirang, Bombay Boyce, M. (1964), · Some Middle Persian and Parthian Constructions with Governed Pronouns', in: Jamasp-Asa (ed.), Dr. J.M. Unvala Memorial Volume, Bombay, _ pp. 49-56 _ Boyce, M. (1966), 'Atas-Z6hr and Ab-Zonr', IRAS, pp. 100-18 Boyce, M. (1968a), 'Middle Persian Literature', in: Spuler (ed.), Handbuch der Orient.a.listik l . 4. 2, Leiden and Cologne Boyce, M. (1968b), 'On the Sacred Fires of the Zoroastrians', BSOAS XXXI, pp. 52-68 Boyce, M. (1969), 'Rapithwin, No Ruz, and the feast of Sadeh', in: Heestennan ec al. (eds.), Pracidanam: Indian, Iranian and Inda-European Studies presented co F.B.J. Kuiper, The Hague, pp. 201-15 Boyce, M. (1970a), 'On the Calendar of Zoroastrian Feasts', BSOAS XXXIII, pp. 51339 Boyce, M . (1970b), 'Haoma, Priest of the Sacrifice', in: Boyce and Gershevitch 1970. London, pp. 62-80 Boyce, M. (1975, 1982), A History of Zoroastrianism, 2 vols, Leiden and Cologne [Handbuch der Oriencaliscik I. viii, 1, 2) Boyce, M. (1977a), A Word-list of Manichaean Middle Persian and Partman, Tehran and Liege [Acta lranica 9a] Boyce, M. (1977b), A Persian Stronghold of Zoroastrianism, Oxford Boyce, M. and I. Gershevitch (eds.) (1970), Henning Memorial Volume, London Boyce, M. and F. Grenet (1991), A History of Zoroastrianism III: Zoroastrianism under Roman and Macedonian Rule, Leiden, New York, etc. [Handbuch der Orientalistik I. viii, 1, 2. 2) Boyce, M. and F. Kotwal (1971), 'Zoroastrian baj and d.ron', BSOAS XXXIV, pp. 5673, 298-313 Brunner, Chr. ( 1977), A Syntax of Wescem Middle Iranian, New York Bulsara, S .J. (1915), Aerpatast.in and Nirangastan, English translation with notes, Bombay Christensen, A. (1944), Codices A vestici et Pahlavici Bibliochecae Universica£is Hafniensis, vol. XIT: Selections from Codices K7 and K25, with an Introduction by K. Barr, Copenhagen nd Darmesteter, J. (1895), The Zend-Avesta, New York [SBE 4, 2 ed.] Darmesteter, J. (1960), Le and-Avesca. 3 vols, Paris [1" ed. 1892-3] Dastoor, H.J. (1907), Vendidad, 2 vols, Bombay Dhabhar, B.N. (1909), Sad!JM N;J¥and Saddar Bundehesh, Bombay Dhabhar, B.N. (1913), The Pahlavi Rivayac Accompanying the Dadestan-I Dinik, Bombay Dhabhar, B.N. (1927), Zand-f Khurtak Avistak, Bombay Dhabhar, B.N. (1932), The Persian Riv.iyat of Hormazya.r Franulrz, Bombay Dhabhar, B.N. (1949), Pahlavi Yasna and Vispered, Bombay Dhabhar, B.N. (1953), 'lranica', M.P. Khargat Memorial Volume I, Bombay, pp. 136-41 Dhabhar, B.N. ( 1955), Essays on Iranian subjects, Bombay Dhabhar, B.N. (1963), Translation of Zand-f Khartak A vist.ik, Bombay Dhalla, M.N. (1908), The Nyaishes or Zoroastrian Litanies, New York Duchesne-Guillemin, J. er al. (eds.) (1988), A Green Leaf: Papers in Honour of Professor Jes P. Asmussen, Leiden [Acta Iranica 28] Geiger, W. and E. Kuhn (eds.) (1895-1901: I; 1898-1901: 1. 2; 1896-1904: II), Grundriss der iranischen Sprachen, Strassburg Geidner, K.F. (1896-9-0), Avesta.. The Sacred Books of che Parsis, 3 vols, Stuttgart Gershevitch, I. (1959), The A vestan Hymn to Mithra. Cambridge Gignoux Ph. (ed.) (1987), Transition Periods in Iranian History, Paris [Studia Iranica, Cahier 5) Gignoux, Ph. (1995), 'La controverse dans le mazdeisme card.if', in: A. Le Boulluec (ed.), La controverse religieuse et ses formes, Paris, pp.127-49 [Patrimoines religions du livre)

FRAOARD 3

15

Gignoux, Ph. and A. Tafazzoli (eds.) (1974), Memorial Jean de Menasce, Louvain Gignoux, Ph. and A. Tafazzoli (1994), Anthologie de Zadspram, Paris [Studia Iranica, Cahier 13) Haug, M. (1862), Essays on che Sacred Languages, Writings, and Religion of the Parsees, Bombay Heesterman, J.C. et al. (eds.) (1968), Pratida.nam: Indian, Iranian and Inda-European Studies Presented to Franciscus Bernardus Jacobus Kuiper on his Sixtieth Birchday, The Hague and Paris Henning, W.B . (1937), 'A list of Middle Persian and Parthian Words'. BSOS IX, 79-93 Henning, W.B. (]940), Sogdica, London Henning. W.B. (1977), Selected Papers II, Tehran and Liege [Acta Iranica 15) Henning, W.B. and E. Yarshater (eds.) (1962), A Locust's Leg: Studies in Honour of S.H. Taqizadeh, London Hoffmann, K. (1975, 1976, 1992), Aufsiitze zur Indoiranisrik, 3 vols, Wiesbaden Horn, P. (1894), Grundriss der Neupersischen Etymologie, Strassburg Humbach, H. (]961). 'Textkritische und sprachliche Bemerkungen zum Nirangistan', KZ 77, pp. 106-11 Jarnasp-Asa, K.M. (1985), 'On the Dron in Zoroastrianism', Papers in Honour of Professor Mary Boyce [Acta lranica 10), Leiden, pp. 334-56 Jamasp-Asa, K.M. and H. Humbach (1971), Pursisniha: a Zoroastrian Catechism, 2 vols, Wiesbaden Jamasp-Asa, K.M. and M. Nawabi (eds.) (1975ff.), refers to a series of MSS edited by these scholars, published in Shiraz Junker H.F.J. (1912), Frahang i Pahlavig, Heidelberg Justi, F. (1895), lranisches Namenbuch, Marburg Kapadia, D.D. ( 1953), Glossary of Pahlavi Vendidad, Bombay Kellens, J. (1974), Les noms-racines de l'Avesta, Wiesbaden Kellens, J. (1984), Le verbe avesdque, Wie~baden KHngenschmitt, G. (1968), Farhang-i Olm: Edition und Kommenlllr (Teildruck) [unpublished thesis, Erlangen and Ntirnberg] Kotwal, F.M. (1969), The Supplemenuuy Texts to the Sayist ne-Sayist, Copenhagen Kotwal, F.M. (1974), 'Two ritual terms in Pahlavi, the datu§ and fragam', in: Gignoux and Tafazzoli (eds.), pp. 270-2 Korwal, F.M. (1975), 'Some Notes on the Pahlavi Visperad', Monumentum Nyberg, vol I [Acta Iranica 4], Leiden, pp. 493-97 Kotwal, F.M. (1985), 'An ancient Iraru Ritual for Tending the Fire', Papers in Honour of Professor Mary Boyce [Acta Iranica 11], Leiden, pp. 365-70 Kotwal, F.M (1988), 'Initiation into the Zoroastrian Priesthood: Present Parsi Practice and an old Pahlavi Text' , in: Duchesne-Guillemin et al. (eds.), pp. 299-307 Kotwal, F.M. and J.W. Boyd (1977), 'The Zoroastrian parag{Ja ritual', Journal of Mithraic Scudies II, pp. 18-52 Kotwal, F. M. and J.W. Boyd {1980), Srbadfstan ud Nirangistan: Facsimile Edition of the Manuscript TD, Cambridge, Mass. and London Kotwal, F.M. and J.W. Boyd (1991), A Persian Offering. The Yasna, a Zoroastrian High Liturgy, Paris [Studia Iraruca, Caruer 8] Kotwal, F.M. and P.G. KJeyenbroek (1992), The Herbedescan and Nerangestan: Volume I, Herbedestan, Paris [Studia Iranica, Cahier 10] Kotwal. F.M. and P.G. Kreyenbroek (1995), The Herbedesta.n and Nerangescan: Volume II, Nerangestlin, Fragard 1, Paris [Scudia Iranica, Cahier 16) Kreyenbroek, [P.] G. (1985), Sraosa in the Zoroastrian Tradition, Leiden Kreyenbroek., [P.] G. (1987a), 'The Zoroastrian Priesthood after the Fall of the Sasanian Empire', in: Gignoux (ed.), pp. 151-66 Kreyenbroek, [P.] G. (1987b), 'The Dadescan I Denlgon Priests', IIJ30, pp. 185-208 Kreyenbroek, P.G. (1994), 'On the Concept of Spiritual Authority in Zoroastrianism', Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 17, pp. 1-15 Kreycnbroek, P.G. (1995), 'The Introduction to the Dadestan f Denig', in: R. Gyselen (ed.), Au Carrefour des Religions: Hommages a Philippe Gignoux [Res Orientales VII], Bures-sur•Yvette, pp. 171-6

16

NERANGESTAN

Kreyenbroek, P.G. (2004) 'Ritual and Rituals in the Nerangestan', in: M. Stausberg (ed.), Zoroastrian Rituals in Context Srurues in the History of Religions, Leiden, pp. 317-31 Kutar, K.M. (1954), 'Pahlavi anhast, Pazand anahast, "untruth, falsehood"', in: Prof. Jackson Memorial Volume, Bombay, pp. 165-70 MacKenzie, D.N. (1964), 'The "Indirect Affectee" in Pahlavi', in: Jamasp-Asa (ed.), Dr. J.M Unvala Memorial Volume, Bombay, pp. 45-8 MacKenzie, D.N. (1970), •A Zoroastrian Master of Ceremonies', in: Boyce and Gershevitch (eds.), pp. 264-75 MacKenzie, D.N. (1971), A Concise Pahlavi Dictionary, London Macuch, M. (1981), Das Sasanidische Rcchtsbuch "Matakdan i Hazer Datistan" (feil II). Wiesbaden Macuch, M. (1993), Rechtskasuistik und Gerichtspraxis zu Beginn des siebenten

Iahrhunderts in Iran: die Rechtssammlung des Farrobmard i Warhranan. Wiesbaden Madan, D.M. (1911 ), The Complete Text of the Pahlavi Dinkard, 2 vols, Bombay Malandra, W.W. (1980), 'Avestan zanu.drajah: an obscene gesture', Ill 4, pp. 283-6 Mayr, J. and B. Spuler (1961), WUstenfeld-Mahler'sche Vergleichungs-Tabellen, Wiesbaden Meherjirana, E.S. (1941), Purses-Pasox, Bombay Menasce, J.-P. de (1964), Feux et fondations pieuses dans le droir sassanide, Paris Menasce, J.-P. de (1973), Le troisieme livre du Denkart, Paris Modi, J.J. (1922), The Religious Ceremonies and Customs of the Parsees, Bombay Modi, J.J. (1924), The Persian Farziat-Nameh and Kholaseh-i Dfn of Dastilr Darab Pahlan, Bombay Monumentum H.S. Nyberg (1975), 3 vols, Tehran and Liege [Acta Iranica 4, 5, 6] Oliphant, S.G. (1920), 'The Vedic press-stones', Studies in Honor of M. Bloomfield, by a Group of his Pupils, Oxford and New Haven, pp. 225-6 Pavry, H.M. (1938), Bajdhamane Jagti pawmahalnI kriyao, Bombay Redard, G. (ed.) (1964), Indo-Iranica: Melanges presentes a Georg Morgenstierne a ]'occasion de son soixante-dixieme anniversaire, Wiesbaden Reichelt, H. (1900), 'Der Farhang i Oim', Vienna Oriental Journal (Wiener Zeitschrift filr die Kunde des Morgenlandes) XN, pp. 177-213 Renou, L. ( 1925), La valeur du parfait dans Jes hymnes vediques, Paris Reichelt, H. ( 1909), A wesdsches Element11rbuch, Heidelberg Russell, J.R. (1987), Zoroastrians in Armenia. Cambridge, Mass. Sanjana, D.P. (1894), Nira.ngistan: a Photozincographed Facsimile, Bombay Sanjana, D.P. (1895), The Dina f MainO i Khrat, Bombay Sanjana, P.B. and D.P. (ed. tr.) (1874-1928), Dinkard, 19 vols, Bombay Schmidt H.-P. (1969), 'Avestan una and iina--', K.R. Cama On'ental Golden Jubilee Volume, Bombay, pp. 124-32 Shaked, Sh. (1969), 'Esoteric Trends in Zoroastrianism', Proceedings of lhe Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, pp. 175-221 Shaked, Sh. tr. (1979), The Wisdom of the Sasanian Sages (Denkard VI), by Arurpat-i Emetan, Boulder, Colorado Sha.Iced, Sh. (1987), 'Payman: an Iranian Idea in Contact with Greek Thought and Islam', in: Gignoux (ed.), pp. 217-40 Ste.ingass, F. (1975), A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary, repr. Beirut [l" ed. 1892) Tavadia, J.C. (1930), Sayest-ne-sayest, Hamburg Unvala, J.M. (1921), The Pahlavi Text 'King Husraw and his Boy', Paris Unvala Festschrift(1964), Dr. J.M Unvala Memorial Volume, Bombay Utas, B. (1988), Frahang i Pahlavik: edited with Transliteration, Transcription and

Commentary from the Posthumous Papers of Henrik Samuel Nyberg, Wiesbaden Vahman, F. (1986), Arda Wmiz Namag: the Iranian 'Divina Com.media', London and Malmo [Scandinavian Institute of Asian Sturucs Monograph Series 53)

FRAGARD 3

17

Waag A. (1941), Nirangistan: der Awestatrnkrat iiber die riwellen Vorschriften, Leipzig [Iranische Forschungen, Band 2] West, E.W. (1880), Pahlavi Texts. Part I, Oxford [SBEV] Westergaard, N.L. (1852-4), Zendavesta or the Religious Books of the Zoroastrians I, Copenhagen Williams, A.V. (1990), The Pahlavi Riviiya.t Accompanying the Diidestiin f Denig, 2 vols, Copenhagen [Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Historiskfilosofiske Meddelelser 60: 1, 2) Zaehner, R.C. ( 1955), Zurva.n: a Zoroastrian Dilemma, Oxford

INTRODUCTION

The third and last part of the extant Nerangestiin ends with the customary a. v. prayer, but is not marked by formal opening sentences. In this respect, and also in length, it is similar to the first Fragard of the Ner. but strikingly different from the second, which is much longer and has introductory formulas similar to those of the Herbedestan. As will be shown below, however, the topics discussed correspond to those given in DenlaJ.rd II (see Kotwal and Kreyenbroek 1995: 19-23). This either shows that no part of the text has been omitted at the beginning of the Fragard or, alternatively, that the extant version was the one known to the author of the Dk. passage. The fact that the extant version of the Ner. ends with the equivalent of topic no. 30 in the Dk. , omitting chapters 27, 28 and 3042 (i.e. possibly as much as a third of the original text), argues against the latter possibility. It seems likely, therefore, that at least one Fragard of the original text of the Ner. is missing in the extant version. Another peculiarity of the extant text is that Ch. 67, 68, (69) .. . 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78 are concerned with the sacred girdle and shirt (sudreh and kustJ) (cf. Dk. 23: 'On the sacred shirt and girdle'), whereas Ch. 70, 71, 72 ... 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 88 discuss questions related to the barsom (cf. Dk. 24: 'On gathering and tying the barsom '). This makes it seem likely that Ch. 70-72 were originally transmitted together with the other teachings on the barsom (Ch. 79ff.), while the Chapters on the sacred shirt were transmitted as a continuous whole. After these subjects, some other key elements of ritual life are discussed: the pestle and mortar, haoma, and the recitation of Avestan. The chapters of the final Fragard deal mainly with the following qaestions: Ch. 67, 68: On the fact that one must wear the kusti while reciting the Giithiis, how it is to be worn, the materials from which it should be made, and the required length.

19

CAHfERS DE STUD/A £RAN/CA Jll. 2009.

20

NERANGESTAN

Ch. 69 discusses the sacred shirt (sudreh) as well as the kusti. It is stressed that one should not wear the sacred girdle directly over an 'ordinary' shirt. Ch. 70, 71, 72: In the extant text the passage about the sacred garments is followed by one about the barsom: the fact that Jamasp excelled at spreading it, the plants it may be made from, and the number of twigs required for various services. Ch. 73 continues to discuss the difference between 'sacred' and 'ordinary' shirts (first referred to in 69.5), and how the kusti is to be worn over these clothes. Ch. 74, 75, 76, 77 and 78 continue to discuss types of clothing and the way they should be combined with the kusti Ch. 77 also refers to the places where the kusti may be put on. Ch. 79 resumes the topic of th~ barsom, the plants from which the twigs may be taken, the prayers to be said when cutting the twigs, mishaps during the process of cutting, and the other plants whose twigs may be interspersed with the barsom twigs proper. Ner. 79.16 refers to the 'date-palm leaf' with which the twigs are tied. Ch. 80 and 81 are concerned with the question of separating joint barsom twigs (i.e. those that grew from the same branch or stalk). Certain details of the subject matter of Ch. 81, however, remain obscure. Ch. 81 seems to imply that if one makes incorrect use of a barsom that meets the formal requirements (being 'more than knee-high'), the act is unsatisfactory. The same is true if the bars om is not long enough. If, on the other band, one puts together a barsom of the correct length (and uses it correctly?), this is satisfactory. Ch. 83 mentions the requirement that a barsom should have the right length when it is used, it seems, during a ceremony held while sowing certain crops. The chapter goes on to discuss the question of spreading a barsom that has been used, a second time. At the end of the Phl. Commentary, it is stated that the person who should be 'in authority', apparently during the Dron ceremony, is a person who owns a garden, since such a person has access to the plants and flowers needed for the service. Ch. 84 lists the early morning services for which the barsom should be spread. Ch. 85 begins with a passage dealing with the fragrant herbs to be offered during the boy ceremony, and the points in the ritual when the offering should be made. The ceremony referred to in the Phl. Commentary has many similarities with the modern Yasna with Vis pered. The Av. text, on the other hand, appears to refer to rituals performed while a tribe was on the move. The passage is

INTRODUCTION

Ch.

Ch.

Ch. Ch.

Ch.

21

less than clear, but may reflect the culture of the period when the A vestan text came into being. 86 states that, if a priest has prepared the barsom for a service he intends to perform, as long as he is present, no other priest may perform it for him ('spread his barsom'). If he is away, however, another priest may do so. 87 deals with the question of sending one's children or dependents to co1lect fuewood and twigs for the barsom. Interestingly, the Av. text seems to imply that a demon-worshipper or mortal sinner may be sent to do this pious work, apparently because the action itself redeems him to some extent. 88 is concerned with the amount of firewood that should minimally be offered. 89 and 90 describe the required quality of the pestle and mortar used for the haoma service. Ch. 90 goes on to describe other aspects of that service, including the minimal quantity of water to be used. 91 returns to the subject of water, describing the obligation on the celebrants to go looking for water. However, if no water can be found one is not culpable. Similarly, in spite of the absolute obligation to recite Avestan, those who are unable to do so do not commit a sin. The Chapter-and indeed the Fragard and the Nerangestan as a whole-ends with the a. v. prayer with a Phl. Commentary. The latter, incidentally, differs considerably from the commentary to the same text which concludes the first Fragard of the Ner. (22.6-8, see Kotwal and Kreyenbroek 1995: 124-5).

The corresponding topics listed in Dk. II (see Kotwal and Kreyenbroek 1995: 19-23) are: (23) Abar sabig ud kustfg kil az ce sayed ud ce andar im dar. On the sacred shirt and girdle, from what is permissible (to make them), and what belongs to this subject (corresponding to Ch. 67, 68, (69) ... 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78). (24) Ud abar barsom cidan ud basum ud *ce andar im dar. And on gathering and tying the barsom, and what belongs to this subject (70, 71, 72 ... 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 88). (25) Abar paymanag I esm I andar ezisn. On the quantity of firewood in the ritual (88). (26) Ud ewen I fra.z-barisnih. And the manner of offering it (90). (27) Han I ataJcs I kadagih ud adurig ud ataJcs I warhran. The one (i.e. the gift of firewood) for the household fire, for the A.dung and for the Bahram Fire (not in this text).

22

NERANGESTAN

(28) Abar ezisn I andar meh, ud ban I andar mayanag, ud han T andar keh tuwanigfh. On the worship with the greatest, intermediate and lesser ability (not in this text). (29) Ud wizir I abar atuwanTgih. And the judgement concerning lack of ability (to perform the ritual properly) (91).

*** The introductory formulas found at the beginning of two Fragards of the Herb. and Ner. state that the texts in question follow the teaching (ca.stag) of a particular Commentator: the Herb. is said to be based on the teachings of Pesagsar, while Ner. ll follows that of Sosans. In fact, in both Herb. and in the Ner. as a whole, references to Sosans predominate, followed by Abarag. Dadweh and WehUhbuhr play a strikingly prominent role in Ner. II. The following table gives a survey of the references to the Commentators in the Herb. and Ner.: Commentators

Abarag

Herb. (sn6. vaybana, 'with rounded headcover', on the basis of the Phl. translation (see next footnote) is unlikely because the object in question is expected the be girded. The form uzpr.>snauuaiio, which is very uncertain, is here taken to be a locative dual, perhaps referring to two layers of clothing, the lower of which should be girded. The phrase appears to be the standard rendering of Av. zpr.>sno. vay{Jann- ·with a rounded head', which is used for a pestle in Vend. 14.10. The translation is clearly based on Av. uz~sn ... , but in all probability the original Av. word or phrase was not understood, and misinterpreted on the basis of the parallel with the Vend. passage. The gloss suggests that the later Commentators understood the Phl. term to refer to a garment that can be wrapped around the body. For a discussion of the Av. and Phl. terms, see Bailey in Boyce and Gershevitch (ed.) 1970: 29-30. In Ner. 73.3? It is also possible that the word guft belongs to the gloss of Ner. 76.1. Lit. 'both of which they gird'. The Commentators obviously failed to make sense of this passage, and took it to refer to a case where two men shared a single kasti. Meaning, presumably, that the sacred shirt needs to be girded by the kusti, while the other garment should be worn over it Lit. 'over the other'.

48

NERANGESTAN

[Had paydagenen d ku nest a sayed.] 76.5)

TRAN SCRIPTI ON

ka-s sar kard ested *a 114 sayed; ka-s *sar 175

jezi *ii.a.[ n6i1 aJ)tan *ddr.Jzaiiaiti 176 uua aratufrii6. Agar ne (*andarag) bandend [ce pad ek abaz estend] harw do-en aradTha. CHAPTER 77 (95) [HJ 171 r.10- -172r.5]

77.1)

yoi 177 aif3ii.i1Jhaii~ti (*apa.u)rosta Awesan ke ebyanghanend abar

77 .2)

11s nmiinlii *nmaniiaeca 119• *mask 180 ud wiyan [pardag],

yezi tarasca ai{3iiA.ghana *ai{3i. varzdJ;Jti 181 ratufriio. agar *tarist ast] radTha.

182

*ebyanghan

183

abar warzend [kO pad han paymanag

77.3)

(*para *va) pasca va *paiti 184 .bar.JQti aratufriio. (*Agar) *pes 185 [kii-s ~ ast u-s pas nest] ayah pas [ku-s pas ast 186 u-s pes nest] abar barend aradiha.

77.4)

yo VaJJhaiti na6~sca *sac,aiiaJJ.tlsca

174

HJ: 2. HJ: LYSN. HJ: d.>r;}ziiaiti. HJ: yo. HJ: rusca. HJ: nmanaii~ca. HJ : msk'. HJ: aipi. Var;}Caipti. HJ: tylyst'. HJ: 'yypy'hn'. HJ: pain. HJ: 'XL. HJ: YT. HJ: sat5aiia.ptisca. HJ: huld.

175

176 177 178 179 180 181

182 183

184 185

186 187 188

187

Car.Jm/j.Dca *hi.ku.

188

FRAGA RD 3

TRANSLA TION

76.5)

49

[Now they concluded that, if he has completed 104 (the act of tying the kusti), it is permissible; if he does not complete it, then it is also permissible.] But if it is not tied inside, both fail to satisfy the Ratus. If they do not tie it inside [since they refrain in the case of one 105 (garment) 106) they do not act in an authorised manner.

CHAPTER 77: ON CLOTHING AND THE GIRDLE (4) 77.1)

77.2)

When they put on girdle in a secluded area, 107 in a dwelling or a place belonging to a dwelling, Those who put on the sacred girdle near a pavilion or tent [covering], if they handle the girdle 108 to the side (of this place), they satisfy the

Ratus.

io9

If they employ the girdle beyond [where its limit is], they act in an 77.3)

77.4)

104

105 106 107

108

109 110 111 112 I 13

authorised manner. If they offer (the ritual act) 110 in front or behind, they fail to satisfy the Ratus. If they offer (the ritual act) in front [that is, one is in front of it (i.e. the dwelling) and not behind it] or behind [that is, one is at the back of it and not in front], they fail to act in an authorised manner. Those who wear 11 1 caps 112 and trousers 113 Elild dry skins,

Later Commentators evidently did not understand the meaning of the first sar,

which musr here be a preposition. Lit 'the other'. Lit. 'they stand away with respect to the other'. The emendation is based on the context. It assumes that the three nouns following aillliA,;haiiA{iti arc all locatives, the first ending in -ta. The Av. word 3 may have been a noun in -ti deriving from Av. apa. raod- 'to exclude' (Bartholomae 1904: 1493), for which a meaning 'secluded area' can be postulated. Lit 'engage in activity with the girdle' . It seems likely that the act of 'doing the kusci' is referred to. The purport of the passage seems to be that one may put on the girdle (i.e. 'do the kusd') beside a dwelling, but not in front or at the back of it On Av. paid.bar- 'to offer, sacrifice' see Kotwal and Kreyenbrock 2003: 289. Both verb and relative pronoun are in the singular here, but the context clearly requires a plural. The text has plurals. For the translations ·cap(s)' and 'trousers' see Waag 1941: 137, 140.

50

NERANGESTAN

Awes,an ke

*nihumbend

IR

CRl

nay u :

ndu ,_ ·

90

ud < · -

T'lO

191 >

*carm-iz 192 husk, 77 .5) *mayn~

193

*tan ,iim

astriiemti_196 Ag,ar 1a I *brahnag

194

197

·msiielflO ] s, n61t anm'f3Ji- .ti

ai/Ji1iistfµn tan *'be

t 9,R

eb ,ana,hanen · 199 - re- e ,

-

pad *anebyanghaoih 201 istarend- 202 5 · . U in . 1 *mavnam lO) *taniim 204 *a1'Rija,5tam, 2 , ... /J *a.nai{jai.iasti 207 iis'triJ.einti. 2os Agar ne ban i brahnag tan pa -· *-=byang .an1 - 20 re . .end han - P-*,anebyanghanih 210 *astarend. 2 11

77.6) Jvezi '

§at DOit -

~

I,,

1

CHAPTER 78 96) [HJI72r.6-l 72v~6] '

78 l) 1

•

189 190

191 192 193, 194

195

196

joi 212 *gaffanam 213 *ratufritis 214 paiti paraiJan,,ti, Awesan ke gahan pad rad-frao,amismn be franame gahambar payend],

HJ: 'wm,b nynd. HJ: W sdn ;k'd., HJ: KN. HJ· Jycny., HJ: mayan,pn. HJ: dn¥J11. HJ: irlifs. HJ: astldnti~

J97

HJ:, pl ''hn.k'.

198 199

HJ: PWN. HJ: 'yypy hngn'yk. HJ· 1 ys nd. H.J: 'n )'Yby'ysnyh.

200 201

202 203 204

205 206 207

208 209 210 211

212 213

214

HJ: stlynd. HJ: mayanlpll. HJ: Canu. HJ aiBii&.lfiTl HJ: rin$i a HJ: anaifJiiasta HJ: stn,nti. HJ. 'hby'yh 'nsnyh HJ: 'n ,yypyb 'nyh. HJ: 'sdynd. HJ. jo.

HJ:gatJi. HJ,: rarufris.

_ a gosp,and

i

T'R

77,.5,)

77 ,6

FR

SLAT IO

5]

GARD

os w cover hem-, elv·e with. (garments ot) reed, (fibres·) broca e l 14 land dry .· _n,, if the (sacred) girdle is wom on the,naked body they suffer damage but they do not c .nunit a sin by' n·ot weann,a t/1e girdle. If they wear th,e sacred girdle on, the nake , body, they htut (the -_ ody) (but) th.ey do not co ·~· .. · sin by not wearing the sacred .m1"'dl e,,.U.' But , - he (sacred) girdle 1s not wom on the naked body, they suffer, damage ,and com1,1nt a, in by not · earing th r(sacred) gkdle. ey o ot hurt tl1e naked body by - ·earing the sacred girdle (on ,. ) b. t] y comnn .:- · by o W a thre acred ,girdle 115 ,

.

I

1

1

•

•

-

CL THING AND 'IliE ·GIRDLE (5)

Thos _ who .go forth to -- tify th,e Rat , with Ga{}fi reci'tations, 116 T o .· . 0 go fo ......:: for t e_·tolling o ·.- th.e Rat us wit11 the Gath as . h t 1 , they guard _e -· l ep of tl1 Gahimba.r] 118 1

1

IIJ l .·

117

l. undus s, . _ ·or -rocade) gann=::::t s e As,musscn 1968. I. the.Y w · 0· cl th ·- un :· r t.h kusti, they hur ·, : . body but do not co"',IT"l ..._t , · ·, if -y do no wear th kust1 they do not hurt th . •body b'Ut do commi th . si.o of not · anng th lcusti The . t xt 'Pf'Obably , fi · to those who in t nd to perfo11n the giih prayers, cf K,o - 'al - d Krey nbr, · .. 2003: 65 n 1S9. Th g]o s l a es, little do·ub't that th Phl. te t r-efers: to the recitation ,o f the Gathas · in.g th Gihamba:r festi·vals · 'D -

t

1

16 117

1

1

1

-

18

Th · lo ap· ars to fer o ' Gihimba.rob . TV'ances 1

h,O' -

who intend to sacrifice an ani·mal as part of

52

78 2)

NERA

jezi

asp:JF-:lfJO 215

T

GEST ,

~as:trahe

1

A . CR PTIO

rupuas,

*astrilein,ti. 216

-agar awesan uspurr;g-wastarag p · . 2. 7 , -b an.,...·,,1 pad · anebyanghanih 219 *ast-:-- -n • _20 . 78.3) .rezi aa1 na11 a5J)ann6 vastrahe *a.J~IJ'a s am:22.1 01 · anaif3nasti 222 ( astriieipti). Agar ne awesan uspunig- · astarag .. a · - y- g , ih,'2? · a:r- npad anebyangharun 224 astare.. . 225 [- a . -h pay ~,aen - mard brahnag raftan ne wmah.] ~

-"::'"11.... _

CHAPTE .

79 97)

[HJ172v .6 l 79r'. 0]

791)

-yoi 226

bansmfIJ

frastan,nte 227

aom~ca 22

•

tfan·uuasca aptar:>.da.ta, · t.are- d-·. pad · . w·e-x.~an k-e b·. arsom fr-• .. az w1s

*tigr> 2.Jo *ew-cand 231 az pad .an .

I

-

_

~

-. -- . ua.1 .....= ... ·229 c· d~s es.te •

diren], 79.2) yezi frris *ha{)rakaebis 232 *yatauel.{lti 23 ra - _froo agar 3 agenen o ham darend [* u 2·34 3 tag - as

*raru.na . 235

215

216 217 218,

21 '9

220 221

222 223

224 22.5 226 221 228 229 230 231

232

233 23 235

HJ· HJ. HJ: HI: HJ: HJ· HJ· HJ· HJ:

aspk~.(lt6.

strand •

P4 yypy h'nyh1 1

'yypy'hnyh _ 'stlyn,d. ai~iiastn1n.

aIJai{3iiiista.

'yypy'hnnyh. HJ~ 'n 'yby•yh 'nyh. HJ: 'stlynd.

HJ: jor HJ: frastar:,l)d, HJ: haomfjSca . HJ· km 'nk ,t'J. HJ. k tgr'.

.

HJ 'y- . HJ: ha-Bra ka HJ yaneil)O. -

c·-

HJ om. HJ: ,Jtyh '.

bis.

- .· be J!lfen

TRANSLATION

FRAOARD 3

53

78.2) if they possess a full set of clothes 119 (to wear with) the sacred girdle, 120 they commit a sin when they do not wear the girdle. If they have full clothing (to go) with the sacred girdle, they commit a sin by not wearing the girdle. 78.3) But if they do not have a full set of clothes (to wear with) the sacred girdle, they do not commit a sin when they don't wear the girdle. If they do not have full clothing (to go) with the sacred girdle, they do not commit a sin by not wearing the girdle. [Thus they conclude that it is not a sin for a man to go uncovered. 121 ]

CHAPTER 79: ON THE BARSOM ( 1)

79.1)

Those who spread out the bansman, and intersperse 122 (the twigs) with haoma twigs, roses, 123 and ivy, 124 Those who spread the barsom (are like) 125 archers who have laid 126 some arrows upon 127 the bow [(i.e.) a bow made of wood].

79.2) if they arrange 128 the three together, they satisfy the Ratus. 129 If they hold the three together 130 [that is, they take three straight twigs], they act in an authorised manner.

119 120

121 122

123 124 125

126

127 128 129

130

Lit. 'completeness of clothing'. So convincingly Waag ( 1941: 95) for aif3iiast.am. Lit. 'naked'. The reference is probably to walking about without the kuscI. The form a.pt~.data is probably corrupt. Waag ( 1941 :96) amends to a{J~.da(da)ta. See Bartholomae 1904: 1369. So Waag 1941: 140. Here the Phl. version departs much further from the Av. original than usual. Av. haoma is apparently left untranslated. The meaning of the passage could be that the priest who has spread out the barsom is like an archer who has placed an arrow (or perhaps several arrows, preparatory to shooting) on hls bow. Lit 'inserted'. The prepositions az pad may have a meaning similar to az abar. See Benveniste 1964. Cf. Ner. 70.1-2. Both Phl. igenen and 6 ham convey the meaning 'together'.

54

TRANSCRIPTION

NERANGESTAN

79. 3) yezi aa1 {Jris nail 236 *ha1'frakaebis 237 *yiitaiieirJti 238 aratufriio. agar (*ne) 3 pad agenen 6 ham darend aracfiha.. 79.4) [Had ta ka o kar gired a-s tis ne a.mar. U-s pas be soyisn u-s andar o kar girisn; nerang edon ciyon barsom. Ast ke edon gowed ay pes srisum az-is be girisn.] 79.5)

yo ra~sca pasuuarnzd5sca *bar:,smaine 243

ud

4 2 o

h?JD. *v;;J~~auuai.r}ti. pahwarzd pad barsorn 6 ham 239

79.6) [En kii az ce be grift ested. 3 tag (*az) humat hiixt *huwarst; 5 tag az han 5 roz I andar gah; a 7 tag az 7 amahraspand; 9 az humat hiixt huwarst ud az ban 6 gah i gahambar; 12 tag az at:;,m vohii; 13 tag az humatanam; 245 20 ud ek tag az ya1'fa aha vairiio; 33 tag az yaiJa aha vairiio ud ~;;Jm vohil; ew tag kem kii 70 tag en harnag racfiha; 550 ud ek tag *550 246 ud ek fragard. 244

236 237 238

239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246

HJ adds: 1'Jris. HJ: hii1'Jrak~bis. HJ: jacaiia.(ld. HJ: b~smaene. HJ: h~n. van]Jtaii;,IJti. HJ: ls. HJ: wltynd. Cf. Ch. 69, text, n. 75. HJ: hwlst'. Written in Phl. script. HJ: 500.

TRANSLATION

79.3)

FRAGARD3

55

But if they do not ammge the three together, they fail to satisfy the

Ratus. If they do not hold the three together, they fail to act in an authorised manner. 79.4) [Now, (this) is of no account whatever until he uses them. He should then wash them and begin using them; the ritual direction is as for (any) barsom. There is one who says thus: "he should first take one-third 131 of it"] 79.5) If they insert 132 vine leaves or ... 133 into the barsman, 134 79.6)

131

132

133 134 135

136 137 138 139

[This (concerns) where (the numbers of barsom twigs) have been taken from: 3 twigs from good thoughts, good words, good deeds; 5 twigs from the 5 days corresponding to the Gathas: then the 7 twigs from the 7 Amahraspands; 9 from good thoughts, good words, good deeds plus the 6 times of the Gahambar; 12 twigs from the a. v. prayer; 135 13 twigs for the huma~ prayer (Y.35.2); 136 21 twigs from they.a. v. prayer; 33 twigs from they.a. v. and a. v. prayers; 137 one twig Jess than 70 twigs is authorised for all these (ceremonies); 138 551 twigs on account of the 551 fragards. 139

The Phl. expression srisum derives from Av. tJ-risum 'a third'. The emendation is based on Av.h~. v~~nauuai.{Jti, 'they put into, insert' in Vend. 18.31, cf. Bartholomae 1904: 1360. ? Waag (1941 : 140) translates Av. pasuuar.x5a- as 'Viehblume'. The text occurs in fol. I 66r. l 3-l 4. The text found in fol. 173r.11.2-14 clearly belongs to Ch.72. 11 and is given there (see above, Ner. 72. 11 text, n. 117.) The prayer contains 12 words. The prayer contains 13 words. Together these prayers contain 33 words. In modem practice. 70 twigs are used in all ceremonies except the Vispered (where 33 are used). Evidently 551 fragards of Avestan texts were (or were thought to be) extant when this text assumed its final form.

56

NERANGESTl.N

TRANSCRIPTION

79.7)

U-s any tag-tagTh ray, dwazdah-hornast I *ratwo-berezad 247 pad harw *2-an 248 hambarisn pad *zastofren; 249 tag marag I abarig ka ek hambared a sayed; *any gyag kO mard gowed ham-ciyon en *zastofren 250 han ku ek gowed *zasto 25 l ratus *mnii.. 252

79.8)

En *wimand 253 I pad barsom; nem ham-ciyon barsom pad dast kardan ne nerang be *wezisn; 254 ka-s tis-e abar az-is be girisn.

79.9) Ka *oh cined be 6 *war 255 I wesag sawisn u-s abestag pad war 256 T wesag gowisn: ~dm vohu 3, frauuarii.ne mazdaiiasno, ce gah dared, u-s pad urwar: uruuaraii.i VaJJhuiil mazdat5ii.taii§ ~aoniiA xsnao{}ra ta sar. U-s waz fraz girisn. 79.10)

En lcti az wesag

tii 6 wesag cand *padixsay 257 *sudan ay *daxsmest 258 gowed. Ast ke edon gowed ay be ka az harw *bun-e 259 tag-e tii ne sayed. Ast ke eden gowed ay ka* wang 260 asnawed a sayed.

79.11) U-s pad a$dm fraz girisn, u-s pad vohii kard abar nihisn, u-s pad vahistdm be bnnisn ta 3 tag pad abestag be cined; hame ka ew tag apadyab be bawed a-s waz abaz girisn ka-s 3 tag pad abestag cined ka harw 3 apadyab be bawed a-s waz abaz *ul 261 girisn.

247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261

HJ: Jtwpwkblzt'. HJ: 2'w'n'. HJ: zscwplynt. HJ: zscw nplyn '. HJ: nzata. HJ: fr.me. HJ: wynmnd. HJ: NSHWNyh. HJ: wls. HJ: XDYY'. HJ: p'rxs'. HJ: dxsm'sr'. HJ: bn' ". HJ: K'L 'y. HJ: L'.

TRANSLATION

79. 7)

79.8)

79.9)

79.10)

79 .11)

140 141 142 143

144 145

146 147 148

FRAGA RD 3

57

As to various other numbers of twigs, for the Dwazdah-Homii.st for Ra{}f,o-Bdfdzat 140 (twigs) should be collected by both (zot and riispi) 141 by the handful; if there is a different number of twigs when only one (priest) collects (them), it is permissible. Another passage where one 142 says something just like this "by the handful" (zastofren), is the passage where one says: zast6 ratus mna. 143 This is the limit as far as the barsom is concerned. For taking in hand half (the number of twigs) as a barsom there are no special directions, except selecting (the twigs). When anything is lying on it, one should remove it. When he gathers (the barsom twigs), he should go to 144 the thicket and recite the (following) Avesta by the thicket: a. v. (3); frauuarane mazdaiiasn6; the appropriate ga.h prayer, and for the plants: UJ11uara.iiA Y81Jhuii.i mazdaoiitaii.i a$aonii.i xsnaoiJra ... up to the end. And he should take the biij. As to the (question) of how much distance it is permissible to go from thicket to thicket, he (the teacher) says: "A daxsmest." There is one who says thus: "Unless (he gathers) a twig from each tree, it is not proper." There is one who says thus: "If be can hear a call, 145 then it is pennissible." At tJ$~m 146 he should seize it; at vohil he should place the knife on it; at vah.ist;,m he should cut it off; so that he picks 3 twigs (while reciting) the A vestan text When one twig becomes ritually impure, he should take the ba.j again; when he gathers 3 twigs with (recitation of) the A vestan text and all 3 become ritually impure, he should talce the entire 147 baj agam. 148

Cf. Ner. 43.3. Or 'with both hands'. Lit. 'the man'. The text is no longer extant. Lit. 'to the side or. I.e. if he is within shouting distance from the other thicket. I.e. the first word of the a. v. prayer. Each twig is cut ceremonially with the recital of one a. v. This appears to be the sense of Phl. ul here. I.e. he should repeat the entire ritual.

58

NERANGESTAN

TRANSCRIPTION

79.12) Ka sar husk u-s be brinisn pas oh cinisn. Sosans guft had ka ne brined a sayed ce husk I az tarr be rnst ested edon bawed ciyon any, ce husk apadyab ne *bud 262 ested ud tis apadyab ne kuned.

79.13) Andar waromandih, ay ka ew ayab wes, pad ed darisn kii apadyab ne bud ested, ka waz cased a sayed. Ast ke edon gowed ay ka harw tag li$:]m vohii--e gowed *a 263 sayed. Ast ke edon gowed ay ka oh driined a sayed; ka pad kard andar *skened 264 a ne sayed.

79.14) Ka pad zor Ikard *pad 265 *wisist 266 ayed a sayeci. Ka az bun be ayed a ne sayed. Ka *abaz 267 skast ested lea ab ha.wand ast a sayed. Barsom brahnagrh ne sayed (*pad) *ebyanghan 268 sayed.

79.15) Ka cid ested ud tis--e *bazagwar 269 abar nismed a ne sayed. Ast ke edon gowed ay ka *oh ne ofted a sayed. Ka ew tag *apadyab 270 be hawed ka edon ciyon dared be abganed ii sayed; 271 dast ne soyisn; ka abaz o dast I did gired a-s harw 2 oh soyisn.

79.16) Ka gyag wisist andar dast *abaz 212 griftan kar nest. *Ebyanghan 213 az harw *ce 274 tarrag a sayed; az han gyag paydag ~ci1 va vaxsis;µn. *Any ne sawed ud ested ta *abar 275 zamig *agust 276 be bawed.

262

HJ: YXWWNyc'.

263

HJ: HJ: HJ: HJ:

264 265 266 267

268 269

270 271

272 273 274 275 276

'y. !ykn'yc', the first y with deletion marks. BR'.

'sst'. HJ: L'W.xL. HJ: 'yypy'hn'. HJ: nbwc 1. HJ: 'p'ty'hn'. HJ: T.

HJ: L'WXL. HJ: 'yypy'n'. HJ: C. HJ: L'WXL. HJ: 'YK st.

TRANSLATION

FRAGARDJ

59

79 .12) If the top is withered, one should cut it off and pick the twig afterwards. Soslins said: "If one does not cut it off it is permissible, because a dry (shoot) that has sprouted from a fresh (one) is like another (shoot), for the withered (part) has not become ritually impure and does not make things ritually impure." 79.13) In case of doubt, i.e. whether it concerns one (twig) or more, 149 one should consider that they have not become ritually impure, and it is permissible for him to enunciate 150 the baj. There is one who says thus: ''If he recites one a. v. for every twig it is permissible." There is one who says thus: "If he plucks it, 151 then it is permissible; if he breaks it off with a knife, it is not permissible." 79.14) If it becomes split from the force of the knife, it is permissible. If (the split) goes down to the bottom, 152 it is not permissible. When it bas been broken repeatedly and when it is like water, 153 it is permissible. Leaving the barsom uncovered 154 is not permissible, (with) the date-palm leaf 155 (tied over it) it is proper. 79.15) When it has been plucked and anything impure 156 settles on it, it is not permissible. There is one who says thus: "If it does not fall on it, it is permissible." When a single twig becomes ritually impure, if one throws it out as one holds it, 157 it is permissible and one need not wash the hand If one takes it in the other hand, then one should wash both (hands). 79.16) If it is split somewhere, there is no need to take it back in one's hand. The date-palm leaf may be (made) from any fresh (leaf); this is evident from the following passage: ~ci.t va vaxsis;µn ('of any growing plants whatsoever'). 158 It does not become different-nor is it (different) 159 -as long as (the plant) hangs above the ground. 160

149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156

157 158 159 160

Cf. 79.11, above. Phl. cased. The text is probably corrupt Cf. MacKenzie (1971: 28): dn1dan 'to reap, mow'. Lit. 'comes from the bottom' . I.e. if repeated cutting has reduced one end of the twig to pulp. Lit. 'naked' . Phi. ebyanghan refers to the date-palm cord used to tie the barsom in high rituals like a sacred girdle (kustfg). See Kotwal and Boyd 1991 : 72-4.

Lit. 'sinful'. I.e. if one flicks it off with a movement of the hand holding the barsom, not using the other hand The Av. text is not extant. The verb esred is probably redundant here. I.e. it should not touch the ground.

60

NERANGEST.AN

TRANSCRIPTION

79 .17) Ast ke edon gowed ay ta barsom drahnay be rust han I nog rust ested ta edon fraz sayed bastan. Han I-s res pad-is ne bawed a sayed. 79.18) YastagTh paymanag ed ka ew tag frod gired abarig frod ayad, moytag 277 sayed ta-s niyayisn pad-is paydag hawed. Ast ke edon gowed ay ta-s gab I pes pad-is andar ayed. Ast ke edon gowed ay pad (*harw) gyag sayed ce urwar hame waxsisn. 79.19) Ast ke edon (*g6wed *ay) ciy6n *tag 278 cined a-s gah pad-is andar ayed a-s waz be gowisn; a-s waz abaz girisnih; han ciyon pad cid darisn pad dast; sab walisn be *adwadad 279 ray *tag 280 ne padix.say 28 1 cidan. 79.20) Ka-s cid pad dron a 282 sayed. Pad sab ka padixsay cidan a-s ataxs rosnTh oh abayed. Ast ke edon nerang ray gowed: ay ka-s cid ested ud abar 5 draxt nihed u-s sab pad-is andar ayed a ne sayecl

79.21) Ay *p6ry6tkesan 283 barsom abar draxtan nihad u-s sari *sab 284 ne bast ud cid ested, u-s waran pad-is hawed han I yast *oh 285 be warde(*ne)d a sayed. 79.22) Han I dron ka ew tag sarasar be *xused 286 a pad dron *oh 287 Myed.

277 278 279 280 281 282 283

284 285 286 287

HJ: mw 'y t'k. HJ: 'D. HJ: 'd'p pt' d't'. HJ: 'D. HJ: p'cI'y. HJ: 'y. HJ: pwlywkty§'n'. HJ:LGLH HJ: gwn. HJ: xwyst'. HJ: ".

TRANSLATION

FRAOARD 3

61

79.17) There is one who says thus: "If it has grown the length of a barsom (twig), the part that is newly grown may be tied up to that length. 161 " One that has no blemish on it is pennissible. 79.18) The standard for ritual use is this: when one takes a single twig and others come down, one as thin as a hair is permissible, as long as adoration 162 is expressed thereby. There is one who says thus: "Until the next watch sets in. 163" There is one who says thus: "It is permissible anywhere, for plants always grow." 164 79.19) There is one who says thus: "If, while 165 one gathers the twigs, the (next) giih sets in, one should leave the baj, then one should take the baj again; one should hold them in one's hand as they were gathered. At nightfall, 166 except in case of 'abandonment', it is not permissible to gather twigs." 161 79.20) If it is gathered for the Dron service it is permissible (to gather twigs at night). When it is permissible to gather them at night, one needs the light of a fire. There is one who says thus: "(It should be done) according to the ritual direction: i.e., when one collects 168 the twigs and puts them on the 'tree' 169 and the night sets in during this, it is not permissible." 79.21) That is, the First Teachers placed 170 the barsom on the 'trees' 11 1 and didn't gather or bind them at nightfall. When there is rain on it, it is permissible when the one who performs the ceremony turns it over. 79.22) As to the Dron service, if one twig dries up 172 completely, it is still permissible (to use it) for the Dron.

161

162 163

164

165 166 167

168 169

170

171 172

Lit. 'up to so'. Llt. 'prayer'. Here the word evidently refers to a quality that shows that the object is used for purposes of prayer. Phl. pad-is here probably means 'during it, while the action is taldng place'. Since this is implied in the present context, jc is left untranslated. Lit. 'plants always have growth' . 'While' translates both Phi. ciy6n and pad-is. Phl. walisn, lit. 'growth, increase'. In current Parsi priestly practice, the dare-palm leaf (ebyanghan) and pomegranate rwig (urwsram) are gathered during the daylight galls. Lit. 'has collected'. In view of the information in 79.21, it seems likely chat the tenn draxc(an). 'tree(s)', refers to an early equivalent of the mahruy (on which see Korwal and Boyd 1991: 34-5), on which the barsom is laid when it is not held by a priest. It seems possible that a ne, 'not' is missing here. See above, n. 169. Cf. NP. xusidan 'to dry up'.

62

NER.

TR

N

GEST

·, CRIT O .

79.23) Kaaz bunih aber xttb *c1d>? 88 e ted pas•-· ::~_:.......... i a _ g1.____ifi ~"~m vohu 3 frauuarane. ce gab dar-d. ahurahe maz ,~ _ lll)h xsna6i1ra ta frasastailaeca. U-s b sar p-b be ra· ab- u.......- n 1

..

han 289 kunisn

Kiic,ak ka-z h-

gumania

1

kun . a

79.24) Mahgusnasp gu.f t had ka az bunih ,a -r ub c1d ( e , ) :"" -~ p, d resisnn1 a ban we,h U-,. barSO'm b- n _90 ' Zarrlll' ' 'ih 29 vaye '' sar . zamnandih 292 sayed, gird ¥ayed, ka , araaun 293 a . e ~ay d- ·a- · - s,ar es.t-d ;:;:.,.I ka - tan ._ - , aras, - ar .,u_d. . b_un ab-·.ag e a- ne- say¥\.J. .- tanuk--a.ne sa,yed ban i stabr ka barsom zaha sfid e ed a e ayed 1

1

~

¥-

il!'!li M 'W",,

79.25) Ka-s bun a.bag brid ested a ne sayoo, .· _.....&ed ud barsom drahnay wid -red 295 .a ·~ayed. .·. s ke e - ,.,.,. .,"ayed ce 296 bodyozed· az ew *ta,g d -w tag 29,7 sa_-e-.··

79.26) *Fragam-e 298 ay ka bar om gired - fragarn 2 Ast ke edo,n gow,ed ay barsom-e *fragam 3 ·. 1

ew tag apadyab, be hawed ban ud *any ·I dastag bast ested

288 289

290 291

29' 293 294

295 296

297

298 ,99 3 0 I ) ]

30? 303

304

HJ: X'Wptyt'. H.J: 'n'. HJ: BR HJ: YXBmndyh. HJ: YXB1nn•dyh HJ: L 'YSH 'kwn'_ HJ· sykyhyt'. HJ: NTL WNyn. HJ'. cy. HJ: t' HJ: pl'xw g -m,y. HJ: pl'xw g ,.m 'y _ J: end. HJ: pl 'xw,. m ty. HJ· end. HJ: zh •. HJ pylmw.

9 -.

~ 303,

-

az)

TRANSLATION

FRAGA RD 3

63

79.23) When one has plucked (twigs) very well from the root, then a priest of undoubted virtue (should recite): a.v. (3); frauuariine; the appropriate gah prayer; ahurahe mazd.i up to xvanna.IJhat6 xsnaotJra, up to frasastaiiaeca. He should arrange (the rite) well from beginning to end; a (priest) of undoubted virtue should do this. Even if one about whom there is a little 173 doubt does it, it is still permissible. 79.24) Mabgusnasp said: "If one has plucked (a twig) very well from the root and then finds it has a blemish, 174 that one is (still) better. The lower part of the barsom may be gold-coloured; 175 the head of the barsom may (also) be gold-coloured; it may be round; if its (twigs) are upside-down it is not permissible; if the heads of some are aligned with the stems of others, it is not permissible; if the very thin ones have all got together, 176 it is not permissible; if the thick ones have (all) got to the bottom of the barsom, it is not permissible." 79.25) If the root 177 has been cut off with it, it is not permissible; if it was broken off and it is longer than 178 the (normal) length of a barsom twig it is permissible. There is one who says thus: "It is not permissible, since it is a b&lyozed sin"; 179 (if the barsom consists) of a few single twigs(?), 180 it is permissible. 79.26) Regarding the fragam (twigs), 181 note that when one talces the barsom (twigs), a few fragam (twigs) are permissible. There is one who says thus: "For a barsom a few fragiim (twigs) are permissible." If one twig becomes ritually impure, that one and others that were around it when the bundle was tied (are impure?).

173 174 175

176

177 178 179 180 181

The word kiica.k 'little, small', appears to be used adverbially here. Lit. 'then for him (it is) with blemish'. The reading of the word is very uncertain. Lit •the thin and thin have gone head to head', i.e. when the very thin twigs are not interspersed with thicker ones. I.e. if the 'twigs' arc plants that have been pulled up by the roots. Lit 'passes'. I.e. 'a sin of causing intentional injury'. referring to cutting off twigs that are too long. It is not clear what is meant here. On the fraglim twigs see Kotwal 1974; Kotwal and Kreyenbroek 2003: 57. n. 200.

64

NERANGESTAN

TRANSCR I PTION

79.27) Harne ka *bixromand 305 be bawed han ud any I-s peramon ka pad dastag bast estecl; ka pad abestag bast ested hamag. Harne ka dastag *brined ayab (*pad) kard be skened a-s padyab andak-e abar frod hilisn. Ast ke &ion gowed ay kardag oh hilisn budag ne hilisn.

79.28) Xrafstar hamag apadyab. Ast ke *suragig 306 sya *babrag 307 agarTh gowed. Humay 308 ud *rasug 309 pes-iz sayed pas-iz sayed. Pad *tasng ud karawanig jud-dadestan 310 bend. Parrig tis-e apadyab ne. Ast ke eclon gowed ay han I Ohnnazd oh gired han i Ahreman ne gir&i.

79.29) Ast ke edon gowed ay had han ke az bunih bud ne girecl, han i pas *royed oh gir&i. *Kalazag, 311 Abarag guft had sped sayeci, sya ne sayed. Wehsabuhr guft had ay ka sya ka pad dast be say&i kardan pad 1o dron a sayed. 79.30) Ka fraz bast ne az barsom ne ebyanghan 312 tis-e *padixsay; 313 ka az cidan waz (*be) ne gowed a ne say&i; lea bast, ka ne pad nigerisn waz be ne gowed ud ka az dron waz be gowed a sayed.

305

306 307

308 309 310 311 312 313

HJ: h 'sl'wmnd. HJ: swl'y. HJ: bwplk. HJ: hin". HJ: Jytk' HJ: DYN'sc'n. HJ: kl 'hck. HJ: 'yypy'hn'. HJ: p'txs'.

TRANSLATION

FRAG~RDJ

65

79.27) Whenever it becomes polluted, 182 that one and others that were around it when the bundle was tied (are polluted). If (the bundle) was tied with Avesta (recitation), all (twigs become impure). When one breaks off a handful or cuts it off with a knife, one should pour a little consecrated water on it There is one who says thus: "What was done should be abandoned; what has developed should not be abandoned." 79.28) All noxious creatures 183 are ritually impure. There is one who says: "The burrowing black beaver has no (polluting) effect." The Hornay bird 184 and the weasel are permissible both in front and behind. 185 They disagree regarding bowl-shaped(?) 186 animals and those marching in files (?). 187 There is nothing impure about feathery creatures. There is one who says thus: "One may accept 188 the (creatures) of Ohnnazd; one does not accept those of Ahreman." 79.29) There is one who says thus: "Let him not accept that which was there from the beginning, but let him accept that which grew later." 1s9 AB to magpies, 19o Abarag said: "A white one is permissible, a black one is not permissible." Wehsabuhr said: "If it is black, if it is tamed. 191 it is permissible for 10 Drons." 192 79.30) When (the barsom) has been tied. nothing may (touch) either the barsom or the date-leaf. 193 If one does not leave the baj after gathering (twigs), it is not permissible. If one has unintentionally omitted to leave the baj when tying it, (but) one leaves it after the Dron, then it is permissible.

182 183

1R4 185 186 187 188 189

190 191 192 193

Lit. 'filthy'. On noxious creatures see Dhabhar 1932: 256-7; 520-1; Williams 1990: 1.113-5; 1990: 11.45-6. An eagle? Cf. MacKem.ie 1971: 44. Non liqueL Perhaps 'in all respects'? Such as tortoises? Such as species of ants? Lit 'taJce'. The reference is to twigs that have been touched by the animals in questions. Referring perhaps to plants that have long grown in a spot inhabited by polluting animals, as opposed to those which have not. Cf. NP. bliijag ' magpie'. The word may have denoted another bird in earlier times. Lit. 'in hand'. The implication may be that twigs touched by such a bird cannot be used for the higher rituals, but are amply sufficient for rites such as the Dron. I.e. when these have become part of the tied barsom they may no longer be touched by any animal

66

eR

NGE

T

T

.

,·

CR I ' T 0

79.31) Ka snfiman - Sros ed-1z JUttar ne t K,a ,az b o axezed>3l 4 ayabbe st(··ba ed) ay,ab . ro ..-.. . . . . gahambar pad•-is an.dar ayed. a- · yaz'¥'

. rbali!1sca.

,

-

-

-

T R AN SL A TION

FRAG A RDJ

69

by separating the branches, they satisfy the Ratus; not by not separating (them). When one separates 2°8 the branches one acts in an authorised manner [if one cuts them off]; if one does not separate them one does not. [Especially, if one branch is for the current 209 service, and the other branches are for different services.] 80.3) (It) first they spread many (twigs) with many branches, (If) one spreads very many twigs [30 twigs; that is, (stalks) from each one of which 30 twigs grow 2101, 80.4) whether separating or not separating, one satisfies the Raws. Whether one separates or does not separate, one acts in an authorised manner. [Now they conclude (that) it is permissible if one does not make (the twigs) small.] 80.2)

CHAPTER 81: ON THE BARSOM (3)

81.1)

He who fastens or ties the bar.,sman (twigs) together on one side, If one has joined the barsom (twigs) together on one side [thus, or if (one has done this) on two sides], or tied them together,

(by) separating (them), one satisfies the Ratus; not (by) not separating (them). if one separates (them) one acts in an authorised manner, but not if one does not separate (them). [Now, they conclude that they may not be upside-down: if the heads are · lower than the stalks it is not permissible.] 81.3) In such a way that, if one aligns 211 the ones that should be aligned and fastens both halves, 212 one satisfies the Ratus whether one separates (them) or does not separate (them). 81.2)

208 209 210 211 212

Lit. ' talces away' . Lit. 'this', i.e. intended to be used for the service that is being prepared. Lit. 'have grown' . On Av. h~.vaes- ' to put together, align' (Ved. sam.vis-) see Waag 1941: 98, 140. Non liqueL The text may mean that two separate bundles are tied .

70

N .ERANGE.ST

Edon hawed ka (*pad

=t'

TR

N

har,·baw1sruh 339

_, . ·--

ayab- har\V 2 nemag o ham abyo t .· 0 * aydag-nend 342 kii . oh driined , ,a -d, asarasar Slid 344 es,· ed a·sayed] .._La

CHAP

SC

I.

JPT IO

a ........... _- _e

~'": _n>

1

'o

.&M'l,,,I!

-

-

-an _ -a- an

3 3

--Rs·. (100)

[HJ 180v.3 181 v.8]

82. I.)

yo bBIPsma 'taosaiie1 Awesan ·e bars om

· 345 drao .·. 3 '6 va paiti . omma

abar

···''dosene d 3 7

· bar>

p. . .· _

l

siirag, 348 82 2) un'fm va ka1c1J vi paiti s1daranFJ, andar 6 *u.n 349 [and.ar any s,-ra ] ayah an _, ar a - -iz-e ab · o 82.3) yezj tisro *tar6*zanuu6 3'51 hatrr:aci ,n ivhi 1 taJJti3S' ' - ,a n~ 3 3 Agar 3 tar . snfi. 354 pad agenen be ,est( en end a. .. ad ,en . gyag az .ban I zot~ ataxs ud barsom wened y· - ,· , _numan, ud --, • i pad bim az ahlomoyan .J ...

-........a.,

82.4) fol 355 uruuaraiil auua. *vaeca.{Jti,,3s6 Ke urwar [pad ya2.1s.. -... . . yazed , : b · wezed 8:2. 5) yez1 dsro taro. *zanuuo 357 *hafrrac1 , 35 bari_~, . *ra,cufnl agar 3, tar-*sniig 360 pad ha1n be *,estend ra 1 -a. 339 340

341

342

343 . 44

34S 346 .347 34'8 349 350 1

351 352

HJ: 'msnyh. HJ· 'pyww ~.r' Part of the translation is missin ., HJ: sc'yynnd HJ· mw k ' y wtnwk HJ: rZLWNyt'~ HJ: taosiieiti, •

HJ: draos HJ: n6nfi{lti' in Av. scr ,p t HJ: s.wl'Ik~ HJ: ZK.

HJ· glb. HJ: dnano. HJ. nis hiscanti. HJ: fratufris. HJ: d. nwl I

353,

354 355 356 357 358 359 360

HJ ·yo HJ. vaeceipti. HJ: d:,nino

HJ· hatJra ci . HJ: frarufris. HJ d nwl.

I

39

TRANSLATION

FRAGARDJ

71

It is so if one has tied 21 3 them together 2 14 or joined the two halves. 215 [Now they conclude thus, that if one plucks them it is permissible; if the very thin ones come together it is permissible.]

CHAPTER 82: ON THE BARSOM (4)

82.1) He who drops the baldsman in the hole of a tree trunk, 216 Those who drop 217 the barsom into a hole in a tree,

or in a cavity 218 (on the ground) or any hole whatever, or in a fissure [in another opening] or in any cavity whatever. 82.3) if they deposit three (twigs) together which are more than kneehigh, 219 they fail to satisfy the Ratus. If they deposit three (twigs) together (which are) more than the height of a knee, they fail to act in an authorised manner. [This passage is about the one who gazes at the zot, the fire, and the barsom; 220 about the snfiman of the service (ya.zisn), and about that which (is done) in fear of heretics. 22 I] 82.4) Those who select (twigs) of the trees, If one 222 selects (twigs) of the tree [and consecrates them for the service,] 82.5) If they bring together three (twigs which are) more than knee-high, they satisfy the Ratus. If three (twigs which are) more than the height of a knee stand together, it is done in an authorised manner. 82.2)

213 214

215 216 217 218 219 220

221 222

For Phl agist, ' bound, tied', cf, NP agisra 'firmly bound'. Lit 'in union'. The last three Avestan words are not translated here. On the meaning 'tree trunk' for Av. daru-, dru- see H. Humbach, KZ 77 (1961): 108. Phi. nido§enfdan lit. 'to move (?)', cf. the meaning 'to remove' in Ner. 69.6. The compound abar nid6senidan may therefore mean 'to move over, drop into'. For Av . una- 'hole. cavity' see Baileyl954: 2; Schmidt 1969. Cf. above, 72.3 n. 46. I.e. the riispT, cf. Ner. 2.8 (Kotwal and Kreyenbroekl995: 35). The passage seems to mean that these are conditions in which the raspi may not put down the barsom. Lit 'he who'.

72

ER , NOEST

T_ · _

,

C

JP 'T J ·

82.6) jeziaa1noi.It1~srotar6~*zanuu0 361 *h a : rnc1" 362 ba.r:,v, ·a.,; , Ag,ar e 3 tar- snug 363 p,ad am ao nen oft-nd ara 1 a 1

1

82.7)

[Had ka waran bud es eel a sayed. _, a,- .· - e ab abar 364 rez n., . don oowed ay ~ask-e ,365 *abar 366 * I ·. tari -1 . 317 ab 3 ested [[ku gil]J pa _, padya . ne, mask-e - b 169 37'0 ,e -· · I

82.-8) U - pad ajam fraz girlsn, pad valust rn be brinTsn; .._g-- ta abestag be ofted a-s harw tag ray aJ:}rn ahii-11:e 71 be g- h,arw af:;,m vohii ew tag s~yed] CHAPTER

-l

pad

83, ( -0l) 1

[HJ18lv.8 18,3 -.

83 1)

yo z~mo tis O *karsa 3,72 frakarali iti

Ka pad za,riig 3 kis , ared,

a,uua j,fta baldnti *jrauuahe 313 vi gauuanah - va abar O an.oh e bared jorda [ or the Spgl)tii Mainiiu 261 sections. Fourthly, during (the recitation of) the text 262 of the Ustwad or the Spendomad section [at their proper places]. The flfth (is at) jeJJhe me asiiJ. hacii. 263 Fifthly, at jeIJhe me asii1 hacii [at the frfd]. 264 The sixth (is at) daidI m6i. 265 Sixthly, at daidI m6i [at the md]. The seventh (is at) the text of the Ustaauaiiti 266 or the Spgl)tii Mainiiu 267 sections. Fourthly, during (the recitation of) the text of the Ustwad or the Spend6mad section [at their proper places J. But at other ceremonies to satisfy the Ratus, for each one 268 the bar.Jsman should be spread 269 four times. For the other occasions extolling the Ratus [the Vispered of Dwazdah-Homiist] the barsom should be spread four times in any case whatever [that is, one should perform (the rite) at four places]. The first (is at) yeI)he me. The first, at jeIJhe me [at the md]. The second (is at) the ahuna va.inia; the third (is at) daidi moi y~ g~; 270 the fourth (is at the section) of the Ustavaiiti Giith.i 271 or the Sp':JIJW. Mainiiu (Gathii), 272 [as was said (above); at the frfd. Bartholomae (I 904: 1772) translated the word as 'component part' (Bestandteil). If this is correct, the word denotes what we would call a 'text'. Viz at Y. 43.1, 17; 44.21; 45.12 and 46.20. At Y. 47.1, 7; 48.13; 49.13 and 50.12. Phl. hamdahiinih obviously renders Av. ha.pdaca 'component part, text'. At Y. 63.1 (Anklcsaria, 1957: 297; Kotwal and Boyd 1991: 119-20). At Y. 15.2, which fonns a part of the !rid section covering Y. 14-18. At Y. 65.15, where the zotoffers libation to the barsom by touching it with the zohr cup and the mortar. See Anklesaria, 1957: 304-5; Kotwal and Boyd 1991: 121. In the liturgy of Vispe.red f Do-Homast. Y. 43 is recited instead of Y. 47 at the end of Y. 68, as is usual jn the other liturgical ceremonies (JamaspAsa and Nawabi. Vol. 49, fol. lOOr.6-l0lr.2). Therefore the reference must be to the Vispered f Do-Homast, which is no longer familiar to Zoroastrian priests. I.e. Y. 47 recited in Y. 68.24-31 (Ank.lesaria 1957: 318-9; Kotwal and Boyd: 1991: 125). If the emendation is correct, the word means, lit 'of each one whatever'. The emendation, which is very uncertain, interprets the form as a 3rd sg. imp. of the passive stem striia- from the root star- 'to spread' (cf. Bartholomae 1904: 1595). Y. 51.7.

Y. 43-6. Y. 47.50.

80

NSR ,A NQEST- ··

R · ..

C . I PT 0

84.12) Wisparad r·oo-Homast casta.g ast hawa 421 Do- o - · pd c~"tag eden, pad-iz kardag nest. Ka w--p,arad I *Do-Hom- _ 4 ' -2 y ed h.omast harw 2: ban r meh ud •fragard 42J H ·· an i m h ud . 424 harw 2-en ustwad ud *spe.nd,omad 425 ab . gow1v ~ .· . n,domad 426 pes gowisn; homast a.yab pad gab. i xwe.., ayab __ . C

421 422

423 424

42S 4'26

HJ: h 'wn. HJ: dwdh,nm 'st·'.

HJ: plgl. Some word (perhaps fragard) is obviously missing HJ: spynmt'. HJ! spynmt·t.

TRANSLATION

FRAGARD3

81

84.12) About the VIspered of D6-H6mast 273 there is a teaching (to the effect that it should be done in) the Hawan gab. In theory the DoHomast is performed thus, but in practise it is not. If one celebrates the VIspered of Do-Homa.st, the Homast 274 consists of both: the greater one 275 and the section (proper). 276 Both for the greater 273

The practice among Parsi priests to celebrate the Vispered only during the six Gahambars, Gea-Kharid and Nog-Niiwar, is not supported by the Zoroastrian scriptures. According to MS Fl 1 (Jamasp Asa and Nawabi, Vol. 32, 223), the Vispered may be perfonned in honour of Sros, Gahambar, Horn Yazad, Ohnnazd Xwaclay and other ctivinities, including Arda-fraward (ibid., p. 215). It is unexpected to find the kardag of jii vfsiic5a ( Ye. 13.49-52 and 156-7) in the Irani Vispered written by Rostalun Gustasp Ardasir Gu~tasp in A.Y. 1104, at the end of Y. 62, before the Ab-Zohr section (ibid., p. 215). The term Di5-H6miist refers to the double recitation of the Hom-Kaftan or H6miist section in the Vispered ritual (Y. 22-27), and is longer and more central to the liturgy than the other repeated texts which follow it in the liturgy. In order to identify the additional recitation in the VIspered of D6-Homiist, the following points from Ms. K7 are worth noting: K7, fol. 69r. l 4ff. In the Vispered of D6-Homiist, the usual Av. text of the Visp. is recited up to Visp~ca am:1t;µi Sf];1IJt;µi jazamaide of Y. 42, which occurs at the end of Visp. 15 (Anklesaria 1957: 382). Then follows Visp. 9 (Anklesaria 1957: 360-63) which introduces the Hom-Kofun section beginning with Y. 22 (Anklesaria 1957: 363). The recitation continues up to Visp. 7 recited in Visp. 11 (Anklesaria 1957: 371), and ends at Visp. 17 (Anklesaria 1957: 384). K7, fol. 79v.6ff. (fols. 80r and 81v are missing; Ms. Fl3 (pp. 42-4) completes and complements the ritual directions in K7). The Av. text of the Visp. is recited up to Ch. 23. Then follows the snilman of Zara{}-ustra: a. v. (3); vahistoistois giHJaiiA sraa{}r;Jm iii.iese yesd. xsnamaine zaratJ-ustrahe spitiimahe aJaoni5 frauuaJe xsnaotJra; jasniiica vahmiiica xsaotJriiica frasastaiiaeca; double exchange of baj between zot and riispi', then a second recitation of Y. 53 up to vahBt6ist6is gii{}aiil haJ)datii jazamaide, ending with the greater snaman of Zarathustra: zaraiJustrahe spitamahe ioa afaono aJimca frauua.r1II1ca jazamaide, jerjhe hiiqm up to the end. Then Y. 54 is recited in its entirety (Anklesaria 1957: 395-6). K7, fol. 81 v.8ff. Then Y. 54 is repeated with the following sniiman: a. v. (3); airiiamano Wiehe srao{}r.}m iiiiese jesd. xsni1maine isab vastrahe zara,'J,uscois afaon6 frauua.pc xsnaotlra up to the end; then the double exchange of biij, followed by Y. 54 with the inclusion of the greater snilman of lsadvastar: iS1JI, vastrahe 7.aI'8ftustrois afaon6 frauuafim jazamaide. Finally, the kardag in honour of Isadv~ is recired with the same greater snaman (Anklesaria 1957: 396-7). K7, fol 100r.6ff. In the Vispered of Di5-Hi5miist, Y. 43 is recited instead of Y. 47 at the end of Y. 68 followed by Visp. 18 in place of Visp. 19 (Anklesaria 1957: 396-7, 420-21). These features are peculiar to the ritual of VIspered of D6-

H6ma.sc. 274 275 276

I.e . a ' Hom-pounding service' ( Y. 22-27), see Kotwal and Kreyenbroek 2003: 57, n. 132. I.e., preswnably, the version containing the extra recitations mentioned in n. 24. above. I.e., probably, the text of Y. 22-27 without additions.

82

NERA NGESTAN

TRANSCRIPTION

84.13) Vfsp~ca am:;J!~ sp::JJJt¥J1 jaz.; a$::Jm vohii 3; yeohe 427 me ud haoman¥Jn ud homast *rawag 421! ta *gaodaiieheca 429 nars a!aon6 430 a.iiese jesti; jasnahe hapta1Jhat6is a.iiese jesti; vfspaeibii6 aeibiio ratubiio ta jaf vahistaf ta huoD.JJho jazamaide; ahu!dm m ~ ta ratufritim *yazamaide 431 ta jasn:;Jm silr.;Jm ta aJJhuiia1 haca a.t!dmca i6a ahurahe mazdA kardag I wisparad ta *fraiiastimca; 432 vaca arsux/Ja ta *gaerfaii§ 433 st6is. 84.14) lm::Jm haom;1m B$aiia uzda~m ta aeta1 dim vlspamµn ta sraos::Jm xsaffr.Jmcii 8$:;Jm vohii 3 ud frauuariine ud hiiuuan~ ud sauuaJJh~ ud ra1'Jf3;µn; jatJa aha vairiio jo *iitar;wua.xso; 434 ud j6 zaota ud arfa ratus kardan. 84.15) ~dm vohii 3 *aif3i.g:;JJ'd/Jmahi 435 jasnahe haptlll]hiitois humataca hiixtaca *huuarstaca 436 *aif3i.gdmmahi 437 apm vohii 438 (* 1) 3 bar guftan; jaffii ahii vairiio jo atarauuaxso ud jo zaota. Any bawed (*ka) yasn kardag kem az en; keh az en sayed be *ka 439 ne

427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435

436 437 438

439 440

440

oh kunisn. J

HJ: jel)he. HJ: Jwb' .

HJ: gaidiiaheca. HJ: ataono.

HJ: jaza. HJ: fraitimca. HJ: gaeilJaiia.

HJ: atrauuaxso. HJ aif3i.g;,ld0mahe. HJ: huuaroitaca. HJ aif3i.g;,ld0mahe. HJ: vohu. HJ: MNW. HJ: hm'l'spykyh.

TRANSLATION

FR,1,GARD .3

83

(H6mast) and for the (section proper?), 277 in both cases one should add the Ustauuaiti and the Sp;JI)ta Mainiiu (Gathiis). The Sp;}I)tii Mainiiu should be recited first; the Homasc (Y.22-27) either in its own place or at the end of the ritual. 84.13) VJsp~ca am;i$;µi sp;JJJt;µl yaz.; 278 af,}m vohii (3); 279 jeohe me; haoman~ and the Homa.st continuing to *gaodaiieheca nars ~aono

aiiese jesd; 280 jasnahe haptarJhat6is aiiese jesti; 281 vJspaeibiio aeibiio ratubiio up to yaf vahistat, 282 to hublgho yazamaide-, 21!3 a ahurahe mazd.i up to *fraiiastimca;> 284 vaca arsuxf>a up to *gaeO-aiiA stois. 2115 84.14. (The Vispered of Do-Homast continues): im;im haom;Jm a!aiia uzdat;;Jm 286 up to aeta.f dim vlspan¥f11, 287 up to sra.osdm xsa{}r.Jmca; 288 af.)m vohii (3); frauuariine; hiiuuan~ and sauuaoh;;; and ra{}/3,µn; and performing ya{}a aha vairiio yo *atarnuuaxso; y.a. V. jo *iitar.:1uuaxs6; yo zaota, and a{}a ratus. 289 84.15) a. v. (3); *aif3i.g;,l'dfJmahi yasnahe haptaI]hiit6is; humataca hiixtaca *huuarst.aca ai{3i.[Pl'dCJmahi; at;im vohii to be recited three times; 290 (zot:) yaffa ahil vairiio yo atarauuaxso; (raspi:) jo zaotii. 291 It makes a difference if the ( VIspered of Bagan Yasn) sections 292 in the ritual 277 278 279

280 281

282 283 284 285 286 287

288

289

290 291 292

One or more words appear to be missing in HJ. I.e. Y.42.6 without the Yel)he Hauµn prayer, where the celebrant recites the VTspered of Do-Homa.st described in the text that follows. Here begins VTsp. 9, serving as introduction to the Homasc, which begins with Y. 22 (see Anklesaria 1957: 360-63). I.e. up to VTsp. 1.9 recited in Y. 22 at the end of VTsp. 9 (see Anklesaria 1957: 342, 363). The greater snaman of the Yasna HaptaI]haici (Kotwal and Boyd 1991: 138). I.e. up to the end of Y. 24 recited in VTsp. 11 (Anklesaria 1957: 371 ). The first line of Y. 25 following VIsp. 11 (Anklesaria 1957: 371). VTsp. 16 (Anklesaria 1957: 383-4). VIsp. 7 (Anklesaria 1957: 371). The second line of Y. 25, recited after VTsp. II (Anklesaria 1957: 371). The beginning of Y. 27, recited after Visp. 11 (Anklesaria 1957: 372). I.e. up to Y. 27.11 (Anklesaria 1957: I 77), interspersed with Visp. 12 (Anklesaria 1957: 376). The last part of Visp. 12 (Anklesaria I 957: 376) with a double exchange of baj between zot and raspI (Kotwal and Kreyenbroek 1995: 29-30 n. I 7). Here ends the double recitation of the Homast section (Y. 22-7). The celebrants recite Visp. 17 three times, followed by an exchange of baj as given here. An abbreviated double exchange of baj. Cf. Kotwal and Kreyenbroek 2003:73, n. 192.

84

NJ!RA NGEST.I.N

TRA N SCRIPTIO N

CHAPTER 85 (103) [HJI 85v.9-l 88r.5]

85.1) (*diiiiata) diiitiia 441 pairisti. 442 [han 443 pad ew boy . Han I yazisn juttar nest friirarfni 444 . drajo 445 [han I *hadanbad. 446] *vaJJhar:Jstascil 447 [han I waxs *pasisn 448 harw han zahag 449 *tis 450 pad xwarg rayened. 451 Ast ke eden gowed ay had harw *zahag 452 *tis 453 az abest.ag paydag; gowed ud hame *dahed. 4 54]

a•

85.2)

*kuua 455 *aesmf}m 456 paiti.bara1? a..{ltar.J *airiiamana. 457 KO han esm abar barad? Andarag *ahunawar 458 ud erman.

441

HJ: daiciia.i. HJ: pairisca.i. HJ: st' 'lie 'n' c'llcc. HJ: fraraiJne. HJ: draja1Jh6. HJ: hdtnpt'. HJ: varisstBI)hasca. HJ: p'syn'. HJ: zhy'k. HJ: MND'H. HJ: J' yynyy. HJ: zhy'k. HJ:MND'H. HJ: dhyy. HJ: kuuae. HJ: asmdmd.

442

443

444 445 446 447

448 449

450 451 452 453

454 455 456 457

458

HJ: airiiandmna. HJ: s'nwl.

ahuna

TR

S

85

FRAG. RD J

T 01

(yi jn) e few . than ._· . They n·1ay be fe.wer th y h - · Id no all b, ri ci' ed 93 by raspf ]

·an his, but

(t]1

)

1

(Give) w1_h appropriate choice 29◄ . •. dre _ _ d o e fragr t he bs 295 for one boy ce'l"O· ony 29 · It 1s nod. fe_-ent for the Yasna (yaz1sn).] The · · ngth of an ell [of the ha,dan'bad plant~, 297 ] EVi n co · r,_-- , 298 · o ·, should arrano-e a btt. 299 o , all these e].em nts 300 - t e em - s to· spread 301 the aroma(?) .. 30l There i one ho s.ay·s . us: ''(That on should offer) a bit of all e~:~=. : _· , is ···e: t from t · Av sta Let him r cite and o++·e·r them..'] Men should' one offer ,that fuel?' Between (the recitation of) ya. V,- 3'03 1and a arli5ma isi.Jo.,304 t os - o- e 1

e · (m the -. ·ta ",on) ho,. Id one o,ffer th,e frre.wood? Between the ahuna war an1 d . _ anyaman

.9 29 9'

Lj

don -' Th ~~ v. . ords, .· . c of which appear to have no intelligible function here, are also ound in Phl Vend · 2 4For · al .ig aromatic h rb , cf. · · .ale, alag 'spikena.r·d . The pas·s,ag refi rs to the esm boy cer,ernony i.et the 'fe ding·• o·f the frre, see 0 19'22:, 301 2. . e .. an ar matic pl , t (A · ha6anaepata) whose wood was used to feed the sac1ed and .hos JUJ - fann d part of the liquids offered in · ~bations (see Barthe· mae .904 17S8 9)~ Bailey (1957) takes the word to mean pom-g,aoate Th -. . · ·_ io - 1 fo. d ·· ,. al tim s, in th ·. extant · v sta. (Bartho]omae I 9 ·4.• 1348 . tits f _.nc _·on i this cont xt .is not clear. Jamasp-Asa and Humbach . 97 ! 2 ) e plai , _· · word as 'spars ly cloth d , i .e w aring the sacred shirt b ·t not th L1 om __.. . Phl z~ •· 1 m nt ', such as water, frre, earth, etc. (M'acK.enzic 1971~ 97). ·ere ..._, ~~v -r, th aroma ·c --rb · 1n to be .eant. C NP p •'1dan o, , ca'tt T diffuse .

_97

~ 1

!

. . .QI

29

I

Llt 'spirit' _ The fere .· i t th baJ' praising the y. a. v before the airiiaman prayer in Y. 4 ollo·wc · i - ~ c1al prai~ ·n VJ·sp~ 24 (see. Geldner 1888 · I . 31; -san - 1.957 39.--7· habhar 1949: 322 Bhesan:ia 1993: 355). The word ah n_ w'tho var.ila fa . this prayer occw-s only in thi·. phrase, here and in • J p Y 54. , ,_ - p····~iou: n ......... . ..A,1. 1_ ·

1

L.""T'

•

86

85.3)

Nl:RANGEST.~N

TRANSCR IPT ION

[Esm I 5 puhl sawed en: xsnaoflra; yatahuweryok; yazamaide; pad gahan hamag jasndmca ta 459 gyag I *baraiti 460(aesm:Jm va afaiia)

*baI'dt:Jm; 461 *jasaIJuha 462 atars aesm:Jm dilitiio.aesm;µi.

85.4)

Boy I

o puhl sawed en: niuuae6aiiemi jatJ-a jim ahllldm maz,d;µn

fradatJ-ai n;;,mo.. .*viuuaIJha 463 *jasaouha 464 baoibim, dilitiio.baoi/Jiio.] 85.5)

Iitars

ba6i6im,

ae~

*6ii:Jmci1 465 auua vacim giitJ-amµn asrut:Jm paiti.baro aratufris. Ek-iz gowisn I gahan pad asrayisnih pad abar-barisnih *aradiha 466 (ka abestag *ne 4 67 gowed ud kar be kuned].

85.6)

pasca va *pairi 468 va *paiti.baro 469 *ratufris. 470 Pas [kti fradom kar be kuned ud *pas 471 abestag gowed] ayab pes [kii (*fradom) abestag (*gowed ud pas kar kuned)] (*pad abarbarisnib radiha).

459 460

HJ: DY. HJ: barata.

461

HJ:

462

HJ: aldi&caIJha. HJ: vfuuahuau. HJ: yasaIJha. HJ: UJD;}mcf.t. HJ: ltyh '. HJ: BR'.

463

464 465 466 467

468 469 470 47 1

~J";}t;}m.

HJ: pari. HJ : pairi.bar.u;iti. HJ: ara-8-ufris. HJ : 'X.

TRANSLATI ON

FRAGA RD J

87

85.3) [The (offerings of) firewood that go to the Bridge 305 are these: (at) xsnaotfra, 306 y.a. v., 307 yazamaide, 308 throughout (the recitation of) the Giithas; 309 yasn;>mca up to the passage (containing) baraiti

aesm;>m va 1zyaiia b8Jd~m; 310 Demand, o ti.re, fuel, (materials) made ofproper wood. 31 1 85.4) The (offerings of) incense that go to the Bridge are these: (at)

niuuaeoaiiemi, 312 jim abllr.}m mazd~; 313 fradatfai; 314 n;>m6... *viuuaIJha; 315 Demand, o fire, incense, this incense, (maten·als) made made of proper incense. 3 16] 85.5) But if one offers (fuel) when even a single word of the Gathas is not heard, one fails to satisfy the Ratus. If one fails to recite even a single utterance of the Gathiis while making the offering, one fails to act in an authorised manner. [When one does not recite the Avesta and performs the ritual]. 85.6) If one offers it either after or before (reciting the Giithiis), one

satisfies the Ratus. (When offering the fuel) either afterwards [that is, one perfonns the rite first and (then) recites the Avesta], 317 or before [(that is, one recites) the Avesta (first and then performs the rite)], 318 one acts in an authorised manner.

305 306 307 308

309 310 311 312 313

314 315 316

317

318

On the expresfon o puhl sudan ' to go to the Bridge, be (ritually) significant', see Kotwal and Kreyenbroek 2003: 311, s.v. puhl. I.e. during the recitation of the lesser sn£1man of the divine being in whose honour the ceremony is performed (Kotwal and Boyd 1991 : 138). I.e. during the recital of y.a. v. in high liturgies. I.e. during the recitation of the greater snaman, which ends in yazamaidc (Kotwal and Boyd 1991: 138). This refers to the final part of each chapter of the Gathas, in which that chapter is praised. I.e. from Y. 62.1 up to bar.1t;;m in Y. 62.9 (Anklesaria 1957: 293-5). The Av. text is not e,ctant as part of a known liturgy. Y. l, which begins the high liturgies. Y. 6.21; 17.16; 27.1; 59.16. The initial jathiis out of place here. Y. 4.5; 27.2, and others. Y. 9.3-4, co Hom Yazad. See above, n. 311. The gloss seems to belong to the following pes. Cf. previous note.

88

NERA.NGESTAN

TRANSCRIPTION

85.7) atJ-a ratus mazdaiiasno ahJnI mazdaiiasno zaratJustn"s v~ giiiM ~aonis ustii ahmai ta.

ta

astaitis D;JmO

85.8) fracarato aeuua maz.daiiasna ba.r.}SID¥fl SF.Jr.]l)ti. Pad fraz-rawismn eden awesan *mazdesnan 472 barsom wistarend [abaz o yo anu aes{U11], 85.9) ta1 *hama 473 ta[ *ai{:Ji.giime. 414 Edon pad *hamin 475 edon pad zamestan. 85.10) aa[ aesa yo *anmoi.sto 416 ai{:Ji.;Jr.Jto.gatus Awesan I annestan abar drang gab [ciyon amah pad en tis], 85.11) *aeuuaiiaci1 477 aeso bansmo.striti 478 ratufris. Ek-ek i awesan pad barsom wistarisnih radiha [ka xub be sazend pas oh kune(*n)d]. 85.12) frasauuaiio *ai{:Ji.giime 419 ratufris; noi1 afrasauuaiio. Pad fraz-sawisnTh pad zamestan racfiha [ka ab be 6 barsom bared]; ne pad a-fraz-sawisnTh [lea ne bared].

85.13) ka. frasilitis? ya1 kuuaJ,. Kadar 480 fraz-sawisnih? Kodak-iz oy [xsuuuas vaytibis; pad zamestan ka ab be 6 barsom abayed pas-iz be ka pad en paymanag be sawed ta ne sayed.] 85.14) fra vii apa vii siiuuaiieiti,

472

473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480

HJ: m'sc'n'. HJ: ahma. HJ: aeuue.gama. HJ: hmyn'. HJ: ~moido. HJ: aeuuaiiaiiaci.[. HJ: st;,raici. HJ: aif3i.gami. HJ: krt 'J.

TRANSLATION

85.7)

85.8)

85.9)

89

FRAGARD3

(The fuel should be offered at) a,'Ja ratus, mazdaiiasno ahmi mazdaiiasno zaral'fustris up to astaitis 319 and mimo v~ gfi,'}§ ataonis usta ahmai 320 up to (the end). 32 1 Mazda-worshippers spread the bar.1sman even while moving on, 322 The Mazda-worshippers spread the barsom even 323 while moving on [according to as best one can. 324 ]

whether in summer or in winter.

As in summer, so in winter. 85.10) But he who stands still 325 in a fixed place, Those who remain stationary 326 for a long time [as we

327

do in

these circumstances], 85.11) he sati.sti.es the Ratus even with a single spreading of the bansman. every one of them acts in an authorised manner when spreading the barsom [when they prepare it well and then perform (the ritual)].

85.12) By moving on in winter one satisfies the Ratus; not by failing to move on. Moving forward in winter one acts in an authorised manner [when they offer water to the barsom]; not by failing to move forward [when one does not offer it]. 85.13) How great is the (proper) distance? Short, What (is the required distance for) moving forward? Indeed a small one [(lasting as long as) six utterances; 328 when water is required for the barsom in winter, even then one must 329 absolutely go this distance.] 85.14) whether one goes forward or backward.

319

In Visp. 3, after the zoc has responded to the raspl with afra raruf, and both priescs recite the prayer beginning with mazdaiiasno ahmi (see Anklesarial957: 352).

320 321

3n

323

324 325 326 327 328

329

I.e. the beginning of Y. 43 at the end of Visp. 17 (see Anklesar:ia 1957: 385). This appears to be the significance of Phl. ta, 'up to' here. Bartholomae (1904: 978) derives the form fracararo from a adjective fra.carat' moving forward' . The reference may be to a tribe's ritual actions while on the move. LiL 'thus'. LiL 'who, according to his power', cf. Bartholomae 1904: 34, s.v. aUa-. On Av. •annoist6 see Kellens 1974: 230. Lit 'inactive'. Le. the Zoroastrians of later times? The reference may be to Y. 69, which is recited six times. Ms. K7 (Jamasp Asa and Nawabi 49 (1976), fol. 100 r.l-3) states that 'it is to be recited six times as it is in the Yasn' (ciyon pad yasc bawed 6 Mr guftan). See also Kotwal and Boyd 1991 : 125. Lit. 'even then it is not allowed wtless one goes .. .'

NER . NCE.ST

90

N

T

Fra.z [] 48 l ayab be...,,. .· ed az ust--

. SC

JP

JO

4 R2

85.1 ) aa.1 hama yApaid fraiia1 ti pai ·.- 'to intersperse' , 79.1; opa.~ 'to place upon', 83.7, 8 daiti- f. '(act of) cutting', 87.3, 4 daitiia- adj. 'proper, according to the law', 85.1; 89.4, 5 clrajah- n. ' length', 85.1 dru- n. ' tree', 82.1 druuaena- adj. 'made of wood' , 89.3 paoiriia- adj. 'first', 84.2, 10; -ai adv. 'first', 87 .8 paiti prep. 'in. into, towards, at, up to, because of, 68.2; 78. let passim paiti.VWJba- m. ' upper garment', 73.2 paiti!a- adj. 'different. of another kjnd', 83.7 pa.itiltana- n. 'leg'. 68.2 pai-fnia- pr. st. '(with dative) to be, serve as', 87.6, 8 paunma- adj. 'first'; panruuo.azI-, 'pregnant for the first time', 76.6 para adv. 'before'. 83.8 pairi adv. 'before', 85.6 pairi.urouisti- n. 'narrow trousers' , 74.1 pairut:i- f. ·choice•, 85.1 paru- adj. 'much, many', 80.3; ponru.frauuwa- 'having many branches' , 80.1, 3 pasca adv. prep. '(thcre)after, behind', 69.6; 77.3; 85.6

~~

112

NERANOESTAN

pascaeta adv. ' then, afterwards', 91.7 pasuuarooa- n. '?, (name of a plant)' , 79.5 pux6a- adj. 'fifth', 84.6 baoifli- f. 'incense', 85.4 baf3ri-m. 'beaver', 73.2 bar- vb. 'to carry, bring', 82.5, 6; 87.2; auua.~ ·to put on ', 75.3; 'to sow ', 83.2; upa.~ ' to offer', 85.15 ; 90.6; uz.~ ' to pull up', 75.2; paiti.~ ·to sacrifice, offer (a ritual act)', 77.3; 85.2, 5, 6; 88.1; 90.8; vi.., 'to separate', 80.2, 4; 81.2, 3; 90.5 bar.mnan- n. 'id., (bundle of twigs)', 71.1; 72.1; 79.1, 5; 80.l; 81.1; 82.1; 83.6; 84.l; 87.2; 90.11; -o.striti- '(the act of) spreading the bar.1sman' , 85.11 bali.drajah- adj. 'the length of a finger joint', 90.4 bitiia- adj. 'second', 84.3, 11 bis adv. 'twice', 68.2 frauuuaxJ.. m. 'branch', 80.2; 87.8 frauuadaena- adj. 'made of horn', 89.3 frazu~ adj. 'long-sleeved' , 74.2 fraltiti- f. 'distance', 85. 13 frara-on.i.drajah- adj. 'the length of an ell' , 85.1 frani-f. 'fullness', 79.(7), 33 naema- m. ' half', 81.3; 'side', 75.3; 76.2; 81.l , 3; 86.2, 3 ruwa- m. 'cap', 77.5 nar- m. 'man, male', 68.1; 71.1; 86.3; 88. l; 90. l nairika- f. 'female, woman' , 87 .5 noitadv. 'not', 67.1, 4 et passim nimma adv. 'at least', 68.1; 69.3; 71. 1; 88.l ; 90.1 nmana- n. 'house, dwelling', 77.l nmaniia- adj. ' belonging to a dwelling', 77.l may:1~ta- adj. 'naked', 91.7 mayna- adj. 'naked', 77.5, 6 mail>ila- adj. n. 'middle, mid-', 68.2 masiiah- adj. 'bigger', 69.2 mazdaiiasna- n. 'Mazda-worshipper' , 67.1; 85.8 ya- rel. pron. 'who, which', 76.3 et passim yat-vb. 'to reach (its/one's place)'; yataila- 'to arrange' , 70.1, 2; 79.2, 3 ya-6-a conj. ' when, that, as much as ' , 68.2 et passim yat conj. 'that, when, that is', 69.2 et passim yanua- m. 'barley', 823; yauuo.frattah- adj. 'as broad as a barley com', 73.4 yauuat adv. 'as much as', 91.1 yah- vb. 'to gird' ; aij3i.,., (aiJHi!ghaiia-) ' to wear, put on the (sacred) girdle, to gird', 67.l, 2, 3; 69.5; 73.3, 4; 75.1, 3; 76.3; 77.1; 'to wear, put on', 69.l yezi conj. 'if', 70. l et passim vae7r (vaeca-) vb. 'to select', 82.4 vaed- (vinad-) vb. ' to find', 91.5 vae~-vb. hQII1.- 'to align' , 81.3 vak- (viik-) m. f. ' word' , 85.5 *vWJbar.,b- adj. 'covered, dressed', 85.1 ; 91.7 vlll.)hana- n. 'garment', 74.5 vaghu- adj. 'good', 93.8. See also under vahista-. var- vb. ' to cover', 74.5; h~.~ 'to insert', 79.5 varn6a-m. 'rose(?)', 79.1 var.ma- f. 'woollen jacket', 74.1 varnsa- m. 'hair', (90.10); -o.stauuah- adj. 'as thick as a hair', 72.3; 90.4 var.,z- vb. 'to act, do, perform', 67.4; ai~i.- 'to handle, engage in activity', 77.2

AVESTAN GLOSSARY

113

var:,ma- adj. 'male, virile', 88.2 varnmah- n. 'activity, task', 67.4 vastra- n. 'garment', 68.1; 69.2; 73.3; 75.J; 78.2 vah- (vah-, va.IJh-) vb. 'to wear', 73.1; 74.1, 2; 77.4; ni.~ 'to put on', 76.1 vahUta- adj. adv. 'best', 92.9. va cncL 'or', 77.3 et passim vastriia- vb. 'to perform agricultural labour, work in the field', 91.4 vici-6ta- adj. 'excellent', 90.8 vohu- see Va.JJhUrael- (iritiia-) vb. 'to damage, suffer damage', 77.5, 6 ratu- m. 'id., lord, master, presiding geruus', 84.1; 87.5 ratu.fri- adj. n. 'satisfying, gratifying the Ratu(,s)', 78. l et passim. ratu.friti-f. 'occasion which satisfies the Racu(s), gratification of the Ratu(s)', 84.9 ra&- m. 'vine leaf', 79.5 ras- (rasaiia-) vb. auua.~ 'to reach down, hang below', 67 .4 s26~ti- f. 'trousers', 77.4 soinman- n. 'hole, aperture', 82.1 sidara- n. 'hole', 82.2 supti- f. 'shoulder', 74.5 1 star- vb. •to spread', 84.1, 9: 85.8: fra.~ 'to spread out' . 79. l; 80.1, 3; 83.6, 8; 86.1 2 star- (striia-) vb. 'to sin, be guilty': ii.~ 'to commit a sin', 77.5, 6; 78.2: ii.staraiia- 'to render culpable', 92.8 s~:i;tta- adj. 'beneficent, holy'; ~.mainiiu-, 'containing the words sp;J.Qta mainiiu, referring to the S~JJta Mainiiu Giichii', 84.5, 11 srae§- (snla-) vb. 'to adhere, cling to'; hQIIl.~ 'to tie, fasten', 81.1, 3 srauu- vb. 'to hear'; sriiuuaiia-, 'to recite', 67.1: 91.7;fra.srauuaiia-, 'to recite', 86.3; asrauuaiia:i;tt- see s.v. zam- f. 'earth', 83.1 :t.aSta- m. 'hand', 79.7, 33 z.amaena- adj. 'made of earth, clay', 89.1 Aiiauu- (buua-) vb. 'to go, move': apa.~ 'to move back(wanJ)', 85.14: fra.~ 'to move on, move forward', 85.12, 14 ha- pron. 'this', 87.2 et passim haoma- m. 'kl, (the Haoma plant, twigs, or juice)', 79.1; 90.10: --iia- 'implement for the Haoma ceremony', 90.10 baadnk- adj. 'pointing in one direction, together', 70. l; 79.2, 3; 82.3, 5, 6; 83.3, 4 hapta- nwn. 'seven', 84.1; ...a-a- 'seventh' , 85.8 ham- m. 'summer', 85.9, 15 hama- adj. 'the same', 76.3; ~o.varnlaji- 'having the same stalk', 80. I ~daa- n. 'text', 84.5, 8 hauu- (•hil.xaiia-) vb. 'to press, be able to press', 90.2 hauua- see .:ta-. h ~ - n. 'hem', 67.4 ~z-, vb. 'to release, let flow, wet'; upa.- 'to pour, sprinkle over', 90.7 lmtra- n. 'id. (measure of length or distance)', 86.2, 3; 91.1, 3 hauuana- m. 'mortar', 89.4; (dual) 'pestle and mortar', 89.1; 90.1 hauuani- adj. 'connnected with the Hawan watch (early morning)', 84.l ~ adv. ' together, altogether', 90.5 ~vaeflia.- adj. '(having) to be aligned', 81.3 haiti- f. 'section, chapter', 84.5, 8 hita- adj. 'connected', 89.5 hikn- adj. 'dry', 77.4 •m!.niiato see under hauu-. htiiti- f. 'the act of pressing', 90.2

114

b1ia£ see ja1. huua-, .see >.."'a-. xa- refl . pron own', 87.6, 90. 9, l l

NERAN ,O ESTAN

PAHLAVI GLOSSARY

115

PAHLAVI GLOSSARY In the alphabetical order used here, long vowels precede short ones. Words written in A vest an script in the text are given in italics.

ab [MY' , ''2), n. 'water', 79.14; 82.7; 85.12, 13, 15; 90.7, 8 abadih ['12' ryh], n. 'prosperity ' , 91.9 abustan ['12wstn], adj. 'pregnant', 67.5 agenen ['lcynyn'], adv. 'together', 70.1, 2; 79.2; pad~, ' together', 79.2; 82.3, 4, 6; 83.2. See also under dastan; ham~, 'together', 70. l a.gilt [ ·gst'], adj. 'tied, bound', 81.3 a.gust [' kwst'], adj. part.perf. 'hanging', 79.1 6 ahanen ['snyn], adj. '(made of) metal'. 89.1 a.mar ['m'l), n. 'reckoning, consideration'; ne ' of no account', 79.4 anast [' n'st'], adj. 'spoiled, destroyed', 87.9 alag ('lk'], n. ' herb', 85. l amadan (ay-) [Y''IWN-tn'], vb. 'to come'; trod~, 'to come down, hang down' , 67.5 anoh [TMH], adv. 'there', 83.2 astaridan (istiir-) [' st'l-ytn'], vb. 'to sin, be guilty', 77.5, 6; 78.2, 3; 91.8 ataxJ ['ths], n. 'fire', 79.20; 82.3 awurdan (awar-) [YXYTYWN-tn'], vb. 'to bring', 89.2 axistan (axez-) ['hstn, 'hyc-], vb. 'to rise up', 79.31 abaz [L'WXL, 'p'c], adv. prev, 'back, again' 69.5 et passim; ~ o, 'see, refer (back) to', 91.7 abayistan (abay-) ['p'ysm', 'p'y-], vb. 'to have to, be obliged to, be needed', 79.20; 83.10; pad ... andar ~, 'to count as .. .', 87.9 abar [QDM; \21), prep. adv. prev. 'on, over, upon, upward, concerning', 74.2 et passim; ~ az. 'higher than', 67.2; ~-barHnih, 'the act of making an offering', 85.5, 6; 88.1; 90.6, 8; ~ hili~nih. 'adding to', 90.7; han I ~dom, 'at most', 72.4; ~nihan, see under nihan. Abarag ['plk'], pr. n. 'id.', 67.6, 10; 69.4; 79.29; 90.8 abar-hawan [ 'plh 'wn'), n. 'pestle', 89.4 abegmnan ['izygwm'n'), adj. ' without doubt, well-qualified, of undoubted virtue', 79.23 a.ber ['pyl]. adv. 'very', 69.1; 72.5 et passim abcstag ['nst'k'), n. 'Avesta, Avestan text, (recitation of) Avestan', 67.5; 69.4; 72.5; 79.9, 11, 27; 82.8; 85.1, 6; 86.4; 88.2, 89.5 abgandan (abgan-) [LMYTWN-m'], vb. 'to throw·, 79.15; abar..,, 'to sow on', 69.4; grih andar ..,, 'to tie a knot in', 67 .9, IO abrelom ['plyswm], n. 'silk', 67.6; 69.4 abumay(ag) ['pwln'y(k)], n. 'minor (child)', 87.1, 5 abyoxtan (abyoz-) ('pywhtn', ' pywc-], vb. 'to join, connnect', 81.1, 3. abziidan (abziy-) ['pzwtn', ' pz'y-], vb. 'to increase', 67.6; 72.5 adag ['tk'], n. 'mantle', 74.2 adwadad ('~d't') n. ' id., the sin of abandonment', 79.19 a-fraz-Jawiinlh ('pl'c'ZLWmnyh], n. 'failure to move forward', 85.12. See also under fraz, §udan. a-fraz..sriyi~ ['pl'csl'y~nyh], n. 'failure to recite', 86.4. See also under srildan. agarih [' k'lyh], n. '(the state of) having no effect', 79.28 agar [XT], conj. 'if', 70. l, 2 er passim

~.

116

NERANGESTAN

ahlaw ['hlwb], adj. n. 'righteous', 71.1; 91.8 ahlayenidar ['hl'yynyt'l], n. 'one acting righteously', 91.9 ahlayih ['hl'yyh], n. 'righteousness', 91.9 ahlomoy ['hlmwk'), n. 'heretic', 82.3 ahunawar ('hnwl], n. 'id., the y.a. v. prayer', 84.3; 85.2 Ahrcman ['hlmn'] pr. n. 'id., the Evil Spirit', 79.28 amah [LNH], pers. pron. 'we', 85. 10 amahraspand ['mhrs12I1d], n. 'id., Amesha Spenta', 79.6 anastard ['n'stylt'], adj. 'free of sin', 91.6 and ('nd], adj.adv. 'so many, so much, various', 67.6, 11; 74.2; 83.10;~ .. . cand, 'so much ... that', 90.7 andak ['ndk'J, adj. n. '(a) little', 69.4; 79.27 andar !aYN'J, prep. postpos. prev. 'in', 67.9 et passim; 'corresponding to', 69.6; ~ag, adj. n. 'interior, inside', 76.4; - yazi§n, 'fit for worship', 67 .9 andaron ['ndlwn'J, n. adj. adv. 'inside', 86.2, 3 anebyanghanih ['n'ypy'nghnyh], n. 'the state of being without the sacred girdle', 77 .5, 6; 78.2, 3 ancbyast ['n'ypy'st'J, adj. 'ungirded', 67.l, 11; angust ['ngwst'], n. 'finger'; 'id., (a unit of length)', 67.5, 6, 8; 69.4, 7, 8 *an-ul-sayim ['nL'L's'ysn'J, adj. 'not worn out', 89.2 any ['XRN; ZK'y), adj. adv. 'other, different(ly)', 69.4; 79.7, 12, 27; 82.2; 84.9, 15; 86.2: 87.9; 89.4; 91.3 et passim apadyab ['J2'ty'12J, adj. '(ritually) impure', 67.6; 89.2 aped ['pyt), adj. 'stray'; pad -tar, 'more uncontrolled', 74.5 aradiha ['ltyh'], adv. 'unauthorisedly, illegitimately'. 69.5; 70.2; 73.4; 74.4; 75.2; 76.5; 77.3; 79.3 er passim arme'§t ['lrnyst'], adj. 'stationary, not moving', 85.10 arz ['le; KSP'], n. 'value, worth', 69.1, 2, 3 arzidan (an-) ['lc-ytn'], vb. 'to be worth ', 69.1 a.semen ['symyn], adj. '(made of) silver', 89.1 asrayimih (' sl 'ysnyh], n. 'failing to recite', 85.5. See also under srfidan. ast ['YT], fin. vb. 'is', 67.5; 69.1 et passim asten ['styn], adj. '(made of) bone', 89.3 a!kamb ['skmb'J n. 'belly', 69.5 alnudan (am.aw-) ['SMHN-tn1, vb. 'to hear', 79.10 aJtagih [' stkyh], n. 'mission, assignment', 87 .1, 5, 7 a.tuwanig ['twb'nyk'], adj. 'unable', 91.8 awe'§an ['Lffi'n], pers. pron. ' they', 78.3; 79. I, 5 er passim awinah ['wn's], adj. 'free of sin, free of guilt', 91.6 axwe~ ['NPS'), adj. 'not one's own', 90.9 ay ( 'y], pt. 'that is to say, note that', 79.11 et passim; 'that' (introducing reported speech), 72.3 et passim ayah ['ywp], conj. 'or', 67.10 ct passim az [MN], prep. 'from, than', 69.2 ct passim. azabar [hcpl], adj. adv. 'above, upper', 75.3; 76.2 aur [hcdl], adv. prep. adj. 'below, under, lower', 67.4; 75.2 baydar [b'gd'l], adj. 'possessing a garden', 83.10 babr [bpl], n. 'tiger', 73.2 babrag [bplk'], n. 'beaver', (73.2); 79.28 bacag [bck'], n. 'finger joint', 90.4 barsom [blswm], n. 'id. (bundle of rods or twigs used for ritual purposes)', 69.7; 71. I ; 72.1, 5; 79.1, 4, 5, 8, 14, 17, 21, 24, 25, 26, 30, 32; 81.l; 82.l, 3, 6; 85.8, 12, 13, 14, 15; 87.2, 9; 90.11; ~dan, 'barsom-holder'. 79.32; 89.2; ~ wistari§nill, 'the spreading of the barsom', 84.1, 9; 85.11; 86.1

PAHLAVI GLOSSARY

117

bastan (band-) ['SLWN-tn'], vb. 'to tie, bind', 69.5, 6; 76.4, 5; 79.32 bazagwar [bckwl], adj. 'sinful, impure', 79.15 be [BR'], prep. 'except, besides', 69.7, 8 bun [byrn], n. 'fear', 82.3 bodyozcd [bwtywkzyt'], n. 'id. (the sin of) causing intentional injury', 79.25; 87.9 boy [bwy], n. '(offering of) incense', 85.4 brabnag [blhnk'], adj. 'naked', 67.11; 77.5, 6; 78.3; 91.7; ~Ih, '(state of) being uncovered', 79 .14 biidan (brio-) [PSKWNm': blytn', blyn-], vb. 'to cut off, sever', 67.7; 69.4; 79.11, 12; 80.2 btidan (haw-) [YXWWNtn'; bwtn', b-]. vb. 'to be', passim; ~ag, 'what has developed', 79.27 bun [bn'), n. 'tree', 79.10: 'bottom, end', 79.14, 25; ~ih, 'stem, root, roots, root (system)', 79.23, 24; 80.1; 87.9; 'beginning', 79.29; 91.7; -sar, 'from beginning to end', 79.23; ~ abag sar, 'heads aligned with stems', 79.24 burdan (bar-) [YB.LWN-tn'; bwltn', bl-], vb. 'to carry, take away, remove', 75.2. 3; abar ~, 'to offer, offer (a ritual act), perform', 77.3; 84.l; 85.2. See also abar-bari!nih. boz ['Z, bwc], n. 'goat', 67.6 cUtan (cil-) [c'stn', e's-), vb. 'to teach, pronounce(?)', 79.13; ..✓.lg, 'teaching', 72.11; 84.12 cand [end], adj. adv. 'so many, how many, some', 67.3; 68.1, 2; 90.7, et passim. carm [elm], n. 'skin. hide', 77.4 cc [MH], conj. 'for, because, since', 76.5 et passim cidan (cin-) [cytn', cyn-], vb. 'to gather, pluck', 79.9, 10, 11, 15, 19, 21, 30; 83.9; 87.8, 9 ciyon [cygwn'), adv. conj. 'how, as, like, when', 67.4 et passim dad [d't'], n. 'law, justice'; -ma, 'lawful, legitimately used', 89.4, 5 dadestan [DYN'; d'tst'n'), n. '(religious) judgment', 71.l; jud-~, 'having different opinions', 67.6; 69.4; 79.28 dadlg [d'tyk'), adj. 'id., concerned with the law', 67.5 Dadweh [d't SPYL; d'twyh], pr. n. 'id.', 72.11 danag [d'nk'], n. 'grain', 83.2 danistan (d!n-) [YD'YTWN-tn'; d'n-stn'), vb. 'to know', 83.5, 9 dar [d'l], n. 'tree, wood', 82.l; 87.9; ~en 'wooden', 79.1; 'made of vegetable fibre', 69.4 darenidan (daren-) [d'lyn-ytn'], vb. 'to cause to hold', 67.9 dUtan (dar-) [YXSNNtn'], vb. 'to have, hold', 67.1, 2, 3, 5; 74.1 et passim; (pad) agenen o ham-, 'to hold together', 79.2, 3; pad ed -. 'to coosjder', 79.13 dab-ho.mast [dhhwrn'st'], n. 'id., (name of a ceremony)', 72.11; 84.12, see also under

Wfsparad.

dahin [dhm], n. pr. n. 'pious man', 86.1, 2, 3; 87.1; 'id., (a divine personification)', 79.32 dard [dlt'], n. 'pain', 69.4 dast [YDH], n. 'hand', 79.8, 15, 16, 19, 29; 83.9; ~ag, 'bundle', 79.26, 27 dastwar [dstwbl], n. 'id., one who is in authority', 87.l, 5, 7, 10; 'authorised', 83.9; 'authority, permission', 86.2; ,..,ih. 'authority', 83.10; ~Iha, 'in an authorised manner', 90.9 damneh [dMmyst'J, n. 'id. (a measure of distance)', 79.10 did [TWBJ, adj. 'other, second', 79.15, 32 dewesn [~DY'ysn), n. 'demon worshipper', 87.7 do ffL YN'], num. 'two', 67.4; ---en, 'two, both', 67.4, 5; 89.5 do-Mmast [dwhwm•st'], n. 'id., (name of a ceremony)', 72.11; 84.12 dok [dwk'), adj. 'spindle'; -ris, 'spun on a spindle', 67.6 dosen [dwsyn), adj. 'plastered', 89.2 do! [dwn n. 'shoulder', 88.2

118

NERANOESTAN

drayidan (dray-) [dl'd-ytn'), vb. 'to chatter, recite sinfully', 72.8 *drab- [dlp-], vb. pr. st 'to wear, dress', 74.5; 76.1 drahnay [dlhn'd], n. 'length, duration', 72.4, 6; 79.17, 25; 90.4; 91.4 drang [dlng), n. adj. 'duration, long period, long', 85.10 draxt [dlht), n. 'tree', 79.20, 21 dron [dlwn'], n. 'id., (the ceremony, or the marked sacred cake consumed there)', 72.5, 8, 9, 10; 79.20, 22, 29, 30, 32; 83.10; ....j gospand, ' the - with (the head of) a sheep', 72.10; ....j ~allansah, ' the - of the king of kings', 72. 10 driidan (driln-) [XCDLWN-tn'). vb. 'to reap, pluck, pick' , 79.14; 81.3; 83.7, 8; 87.3, 4 drust [drwst'], adj. 'right, correct, healthy', 67.8 dndigar [dtygl], adj. 'second', 84.3 dwazdah-homast [dw'cdhhwm'st'), n. ' id. (name of a ceremony)', 72.J I ; 79.7; 84.9; ~I ~two-berczad. 'id., (name of a ceremony)', 79.7 ebyanghan ['ypy'nghn'], n. 'sacred girdle', 67.3; 68.1; 79.14, 30; ' the date leaf (around the barsom)', 79.30; 83.5; 90.10; --1h, ' (the state of) wearing a sacred girdle, the quality inherent in the sacred girdle', 67.7, 69.1; 72.9; 73.5; 74.3; 77.2; 78.2, 3 ebyanghanidan (ebya.nghan-) ['py'ngh(n)-ytn'J, vb. 'to put on the sacred girdle' , 67.2; 69.5; 73.3, 4; 74.4; 75.1.3; 76.3; 77.1 , 5; -imill, '(the state of) being girded' , 69.1,3,6 ebyast ['ypy'st'), adj. 'girded', 67.l ed [XN'], dem. pron. 'this', 67.5 et passim edar [LTMH), adv. 'here', 67.2 edon ['ytwn'), adv. 'so, thus', 67.5 et passim ek ['ywk'], num. 'one', 72.7, 10 et passim; ek-ek, 'every one', 85.11 ek-homast ('ywk'hwm'st'], n. 'id. (name of a ceremony)', 72.11; b.adoxt I~, 'id., (name of a ceremony)', 72.11 en [ZNH], dem. pron. dem. adj. 'this', 69.3; 85.3 et passim er ['dl), adv. 'down, below, under', 74.3 crlw ['ylks], n. 'armpit', 67.2 erman ['ylmn], n. pr. 'the a airii5ma isiioprayer (Y. 54.1)', 85.2 esm ('(y)sm], n. 'firewood', 85.2, 3; 87.2, 8; 90.11 esn ['ysn], n. 'act of worship, service', 72.9 ~ ['yn n. 'plough, ploughshare'; ...-drab.nay, 'as long as a ploughshare', 72.4, 5 ew [XD], adj. 'one'; ...-cand, 'some, several' , 79.1; 80.l; ~-tag, ' of, in one piece·, 67.6, 9, 10; 69.4; 74.1 et passim; ~-saz, 'made single' , 67.10 ewar ['ywl], adj. adv. 'certain, reliable' , 83.9 ewenag ['dyw'nk'], n. 'fonn, manner, custom·, 72.2; 90.3 estadan (est-) (YK'YMWN-tn'; 'st-'tn'], vb. 'to stand, stand up', 82.5: abaz ~, 'to refrain ', 76.5; estenidan (est.en-), 'to deposit', 82.3 fragam [pl'g'm), n. 'id., ti-agam twig'. 79.26 fraz [pr'c], adv. prev. 'forth, forward', 68.2; 69.5, 6 et passim; az ban~, ' more than that', 67.6; -lawimih, '(the state of) being on the move, moving on', 85.8, 12 (see also a-fraz-sawisnih, sudan); ~-sriiyilnlh, '(the act of) reciting', 86.4 (see also a-fraz-srayisnih, sradan) fradom ['WL', pltwm], adj. adv. 'first', 84.2; 88.1 fragard [plglt'J, n. 'id., section (a unit of text)', 79.6; 84.12; 91.7, 8 franaftan (franam-) [pln'12tn', pln'm-), vb. 'to promote, extoll', 78.l; rad-franami§n:Jh, see under rad. franaftan (franam-) [plnptn'. plnm-], vb. ' to proceed', 85.15 frid [plyt'], n. ' id., name of certain sections of the Yasna', 84.2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11 frod [plwt'], adv. prev. 'down', 67.5; 69.6; 79.18 1 gah. [g's], n. '(proper) time', 79.6; 85.10; 'watch', 79.9,18, 19, 23, 31 2 gall (g's], n. 'Gathif, 67.1; 78.1; 79.6; 85.3, 5 3 gah [g's), n. 'place, throne', 83.5; 84.5, 8, 12

PAHLAVI GLOSSARY

JI 9

gahambar [g's'nb'l], n. 'id. (one of the six yearly festivals in which a Zoroastrian must take part)', 71.1; 78.l; 79.31 gabr [gpl], n. 'hollow, cavity'. 82.2 gannag [gn 'k'], adj. 'corrupt, unsuitable', 74.2 gdtan (gard-) [gstn', gld-], vb. 'to turn, roll'. 79.33. See also wa!can. gawmag [gwyn.k'J, n. 'sorghum', 83.5; cf. 83.2 gil [TYN'; gl], n. 'clay, mud', 82.7 gird [glt'], adj. 'round, (wound) around', 67.8; 79.24 gon [gwn'], n. 'colour', 90.7 gospand [KYN'; gwspnd], n. 'sheep, sacrificial animal', 72.10; 78.1 go~t [BSLY'], n. 'meat', 90.11; 'animal produce', 90.8, griftan (gir:) f'X!)WN,-tn'; ~ptn', gyl-J,,vb. 'to ~ke, seize,_hold, catch', 69.6: 79.4 ec passim; fraz ~, to seize, take up , 79.11; 8_.8 et passllll grih [glyh], n. 'knot', 67 .9 guftan (gow-) (YMRRWN-tn', YMLLWN-tn'; gwptn', gwb-], vb. 'to say, speak, pronounce', 67.5; 69.8 et passim; be~. 'to finish reciting', 89.5 gumanig [gwm'nyk'), adj. 'doubtful', 72.8; 79.23; 91.8 gum [gw~n], n. 'male, youth', 88.2 gyag [gyw'k'], n. 'place', 67.2, 5; 69.8: 74.2; 79.7, 16, 18: 82.3; 83.6: 84.l, 11: 85.3; 90.8. See also under kD. 1 hiid [XWHt'], pt. 'now, then, thus'; 'that (introducing direct speech)', 72.3 et passim hai [h't'), n. 'section, chapter', 84.5 had a roansrig [h 't.km 'nslyk1, adj. 'id., concerned with ritual matters', 67.5 h~xt [h'twht']. n. 'id., (name of a ceremony and a liturgy)', 72.11. See also under ek-

homast.

hamin [h 'myn], n. ' summer', 85. 9, 115 hisar [h'sl], n. 'id., (measure of length or distance)', 86.2, 3; 91.1, 3 hiwan [h'wn']. n. 'id., a watch of the day' 84.l, 12; abar~, see s.v.: ydt i -. ' the service of the ~ watch•, 72.11 hiwand [h'wnd], adj. 'similar, like', 79.14. See also ham-haw-and. biiwih (h'w~t'], n. 'disciple, priestly student', 72.10 •hadanbad [hrnpt1, n. 'id., (a type of plant, pomegranate?)', 85.I haft [hpt'], mun. 'seven', 84.1 hamag (hm 'k'], adj. 'all', 69.6 et passim bambar [hmb'l], n. 'store', 91.9 bambmdan (hambiir-) [hmb'l-ytn'), vb. 'to collect', 79.7 hambarag [hmblk'), n. 'equal', 87.8 hambawimih [hmbw~nyh], n. 'un.ion; (state of) being together', 81.3 hambud [hmbwt'], adj. 'mixed', 90.7 hamdahimlh [hmdhmyh], n. '(recitation ot) text', 84.5, 8 hame [hm'y], adv. 'always, continually'; (untranslatable), 67.10 ham-ha.wand [hmh'wnd}, adj., n. 'equal', 83.10 ham-bayyir, see under hayyar. hammoxtan (hammnz-) [hmwhtn', hmwc-] vb. 'to Leach'. 91.9 ham-ruunaz(Ig), see under namaz. hamnd [hmlyt'), adj. 'directly polluted', 79.33 bandazag [hnd'ck'], n. 'measure', 72.3 hanjidan (hanj-) [hnc-ym'], vb. 'to draw (water)'; u1 ~, 'to draw up (a garment)', 75 .2 hayyar [hdyb'l], n. 'friend': ham-, 'close friend', 73.1 barw [KR'], adj. 'all, any, each', 69.4, 8 et passim hi§tan (bjl-) [~.liKWN-tn1, vb. 'to leave, abandon, omit, let go, allow', 79.27; f:rod-, 'to abandon', 79. 27; ab!z ~, 'to leave behind', 89.2. See also under abar. hi.xr fhyhl), n. 'filth, excrement'; -omand, 'impure, filthy, dirty', 79.27; 89.2 hom (hwm], n. 'id., (the Haoma plant or the divinity)', 90.2, 5. IO

· ER

120

HG ESTA

.· omist [hwm 'st~], n ,·d. (.a cere1nony) , 72,.1 l · 84.12, 3 dwa.zdah -homast,. -k-ho1nas1t. b 1 [hwy], adj. ' eft', 7·4_5 1

hilxt [hwht'], n. 'what is w,e I said, g ·od. word'' 79.6 H · -y [hm 'y ], pr. n. 'id. (name o, a bird)'*' 79 .28 humat [hwn1t In. 'what is well thought, good thou 0 ht ' 79.6 hunidan [hwnytn'], vb" ' _o extrac_ , ,'ess, expr -s.s (j ·ce) · pre.s,s , 90 2, buwarlt [hwls,t'],, n. wh.at is well done ,d action' 79 6 bulk [hwsk'], adj. .dry', 77.4, 79,12 J,amasp 'Ll'm'sp pr,. n~ ·1d.y, 71.l J1aw (y :- ], n. 'b,a rl ~y (co·r n)' , 83.5; s,eed , 8.3.21 ,.., . . p ...._, corn,, 72.,4. 5 Jlw [cyw] n. •cons crated milk', 90,,,8 Jordi [ywlt'y], n., 'com' ,83 2 jud [ywdt],. adJ adv. 'differ n (ly) sep,a rate( y)T , 80 2~ .... Ii o ·, ·. p.ara. , ,. 67 11, 72 .5; 79 32·· 85.4, 87.8, 9, r---dides~-.. -.· · ·, nd r dadestin~ jl1 11 •dli'o [jwmd'n], n~ 'container of milk' _89 2 kar [k I ·- n. 'wor~ · affair,, r1.tual wo'.Fk,, use, nee ', 6 ,•4 (see , so, _n_:. r wan1li 1_· ) du71 -1; pad ,-,tar "most useful' 67.10 -.- .n -, it is no ne __ - ,- .· . 79 6: 8 I kit ,[SKYN ], n. 'knife , 79. 13- 14. 27 kirawanlg [k'lw'nyk'] adj. D. 'trave]ling trav ll _ (?)', 1'9 ,28 ka [ ' ~- conj. ·whc.n,', 7'9. 14,, I ,, 16 et passim kabih [kp h] n_ 'gannent 74 2 kac [kc , n. 'coarse silk'. 67 .6 kedir [k , ] _ ~nt rr . pron. 'wh"ch', 8:5~13, -1Z-- , , y. , wh er 82.2; 8 '9 · - 7 1, • 91, . ,2 9 kaJa7ag [kl'ck'], n. ·magpie', 79.29 ka,uan [km"n ], n. ·'bow' . 79'. l. --di?, 'arch,e r ,, 79 1 1

_I

_

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1

1 ],

1

.......;,,&. ...

1

1

bmar prmil~ n •~e 67.l~, ~9.4 . . .. kardag [kltk ], n. d ed, practice , pad .,..,,, m pra u -- 69.4 , 1

o. ,ee

._..., - - kard....lli.

katdag [kltk'], n. a sectton of th.e liturgy, sp, fro,, __ . , ed o B - ·y: ~ ... ·, 84 l .5 kardan (lam-) [ B.YDW -tn', krtn', kwn-], vb. ,-o do, ·, ~ssim; -1.g, done' 79 27 s 'Y'S], n., person' 87 8 · O.;, .-an, 'the peopl -, 83.6', 91.9 - ~· • n o ,e dependents', 87 9 K.ay-Adur-boz&l [kd 'twr bwcyt'], pr. IL id ' , 6 .8 1 72 3 ke [MNW], interr pron. rel .Pron," fwho -. 78 .1 et passim · - · [ks) adj, 'lesser~, 72.S, 11; 84.1S kem [km], adj., adv. ~less' 79.6 84 ..15 kirb [klp], n.. ody, form 1 , , 73.1, S; 88 2 kirbag [klpk'], n, ~merit virtue', 67 6:, 7'2 5•' 79 .33 91 .9 ld11Caidag [k]ynytk•J n. 'cut shirt, s.hirt made of more th- ,. one p· of ma er , . "I [lcys], n •furrow· .. SJ, l; pad ,..;,dJ. ·n furrows'', 8 · · . tan (kir ) [ZLYTWN m'] - vb o plo,ugh,, draw, s,o · , :- 3. lmdag _ wtk], adj. 's,mall. young, 85.13; 90 6, '1TI1nimal 6 1 [ YK], co,nj. ' that, than•, 67 .2 et passim; ,.,, gy- : here- whe h.at · ·. · - 7 ... kiicak [kwck'], adj. n~ '( ) littl small:',, 79.23 knst [kwst'], n. •ctirectJo,n, sid .:- , 67.5; 72.3 . 8 .,14 .-,ag 'sid,_· 74.5 kusttg [kwstyk1, n •sacre.d gird c kusti', 6? .1,. 6,, 11, 69 5, 75. l ,; 76,.3 kustldan (kust-) [ ws,t-ytn'] . vb abar •, to put on th ·· k ust1,. 69 midagwar [m'tkwl], adj. adv. ' s ntial(ly) nainly 80.2 1'

1

1

1

,

1

1

1

1

•

-

PAHLAVI GLOSSARY

121

Mahgumasp [m'hgsn'sp], pr. n. 'id', 79.24, 33 mazdesn [m'z,dysn'], n. 'Zoroastrian', 67.l; 85.8 marag [mlk'], n. 'number', 79.7 mard [GBR'; mlt'], n. 'man, priest', 67.2, 5, 10, 11; 71.1; 76.3; 78.3; 79.7, 23; 83.10; 86.1, 3, 4; 87.9; 88.l; 90.11; 91.8 ID.dk [msk'], n. 'pavilion', 77.1; 'skin bag, piece of skin', 82.7 mayiin [mdy'n'], n. 'middle', 67.11; 79.31 Medyomab [mytywkm'h], pr. n. 'id', 67.6; 76.1 mch [ms]. adj. 'greater, large, prominent', 69.2; 84.12 mcnim [mnsn'], n. 'thought', 90.9 mowbcd [mgwpt'], n. 'id., (a priestly ran.le)'. 72.9; may fmwd], n. 'hair', 67.6; ,..-tag, 'a hair's breadth', 74.2; 79.18 nmg [n 'ylyk'], n. 'woman, female', 87 .5 .naedl, pad-, 'barely permissible', 72.6 namu [nm'c), n. 'prayer'; ham-, 'companion al prayer', 73.l; ham---1g, 'used for prayer', 73. l nay (KNY'], n. 'reed', TI.4 no [L'], adv. 'not', 67.5 et passim nek fnywk'], n. 'good', 91.9 nem [nym], adj. adv. n. 'half, 79.8; -ag, n. 'half, 68.2; 75.3; 81.1, 3; 86.2, 3 ncrang [nylng), n. 'ritual direction', 79.4, 8, 20 nest [L'YT'], fin.vb. 'is not', 67.5; 69.3 et passim •nidoffdan (*nidoI-) vb. 'to remove', 69.6; abar .-enidan, 'to drop(?)', 82.l nidom [nyrwm'], adj. 'least, smallest', 69.3; 72.l; 88.l; 90.l; pad'"', 'at least', 68.1; 75.2, 3 nigeridan (niger-) [nkyl-ytn']. vb. 'to look at, gaze at, observe'; pad ~Un, 'intentionally, on purpose', 72.8; 79.30 nihadan (nib-) [XNHTWN-tn'], vb. 'to put, place', 69.5; 79.20, 32; 83.5, 9; abar ~ 'to place on top', 79.11 nihan [nyh'n), adj. 'hidden', 73.5; abar--, 'hidden', 74.2; pad ~,'covered', 74.5 nihuftan (nihumb-) [nhwptn', nhwmb-], vb. 'to conceal, hide, cover', 68.2; 73.2; 74.l; 77.4 Irihstan (nilin-) [Y1YBWN-stn'], vb. 'to sit, sit down, adhere co', 79.17 niyayiln [nyy'ysn'), n. 'adoration', 79.18 nag [nwk'J, adj. 'new', 79.17; 83.7 nog-nawar [nwkn 'wl; owkn 'pl], n. 'id. (Miao Nawar, name of a ritual)', 72.9 o ['L). prep. 'to, at', 79.20 et passim obastan (oft-) [NPLWN-tn'; 'wpstn', 'wpt-], vb. 'to fall', 79.15; 82.6, 8 oh [KN], adv. 'thus, so, still, nevertheless', 67.6; 72.5 et passim 1 ozarak ['wc'llc ], adj. 'small, little', 69.l oy ['LH), pers. pron. 'he, she', 67.6 etpass.im Obnnav:I [' whr.mzd], pr. n. 'id., Ahura Mazda', 79.28 pMan (pay-) [NTLWN-tn'], vb. 'to stand, remain steadfast'; ' to guard', 78.l padix&y [SLYT; p'bd'(d)], adj. 'permissible, proper', 72. 8 et passim padyiib [p'ty' l1], adj. n . 'ritually pure', 72.8; 79.27; 82. 7; 83.9; 89.2; 90.10 pasbiin [p'sp'n'], n. 'protector', 67.11 paiidan (pa!-) [p'fytn', p'~-]. vb. 'to sprinkle, spread', 85.l ply [LGLH], n. •foot', 75.2; az ~, 'standing', 67.4 paybanag [p'dp'nk) n. 'stocking', 68.2 padiftan [ptyst'n'], n. 'leg', 68.2 padrid [pclyt'J, adj. 'indirectly polluted', 79.33 pahlom [p'hlwm], adj. 'first, best, foremost', 91.9 pahnliy [p'hn 'y], n. 'width, breadth', 72.4, 5. See also under jaw.

NE RAN O c ST.~ N

122

pahwarzd [pswlzd). n. ' id.,?', 79.5 pambag [pmbk'], n. 'cotton'; -en, 'made of cotton' , 67.6, 9 pardag [pltk'], n. 'covering, curtain', 77.l pargast fplgst'], 'lee it not happen, heaven forbid', 69.4 parrag [plg, plk'], n. 'end', 67.2, 4, 6 pamg [plyk'), adj. 'feathery', 79.28 parzagmog fplzkmwk], n. 'velvet', 74.1 pas ['XL), adv. prev. 'later, afterwards, then, thus', 69.6, 7, 8; 77.3; 79.4, 12, 23, 28, 29; 83.9; 85.6, 11, 13; 89.5; 90.9; 91.6 pwn [psm], n. 'wool', 67.6 paydag [pyt'k], adj. 'evident, clear, present', 67.5; 69.4 et passim paydagenidan (payda.gen-) [pyt'kyn-ytn'], vb. 'to conclude, base a claim' , 76.4; 78.3; 80.4; 81.3 payman [ptrn'n'], n. 'measure, section'; -ag, 'limit, measure', 67.5; 77.2; 69.1, 4, 18; 85.13 peramon [pyl'mwn'], adv. 'around', 67.9, 10; 79.26. 27 pa [L'YN'; py~]. prep. adj. 'before, fuse', 69.7, 8; 77.3; 79.4, 18; 83 .8; 84.12; 85 .6 pOryOtke§an [pwlyw(k)cky~·n1, n. ' the First Teachers (of the faith)', 79.21 puhl [pwhl], n. 'bridge'; o ~dan. 'to go to the Bridge (i.e. to be ritually significant)'. 85.3, 4; 86.4; 90.8; 91.8 purr [M'LH, pwl], adj. 'full'; --tag, 'with many branches', 80.1 ranag [l 'n.lc'], n. 'thigh', 67.4; riinban [l'np' n'], n. 'garment covering the thighs', 76.1 raspig [l'splk'], n. 'raspI. officiating priest other than the zot'; _,ih. 'the collective, group of raspt.', 84.15 rayenidan (rayen-) [l 'dyn-ytn], vb. 'to arrange, manage', 79 .23; 85.1 rad flt], n. 'ratu, (s.o. having) religious authority' , 87.3, 6; - franiimi~nlh. 'the act of extolling or promoting the Ratus', 78.l; 84.9 rast [l'st], adj. adv. 'straight, in alignment', 70.l ; 79.2; 83.4 ; ~ kardan, 'to coordinate', 89.5 radibi [ltyh'), adv. 'proper(ly), authorized', 68.1; 69.1, 5 cc passim rattan (raw-) [SGYTWN-tn'J, vb. 'to go, walk', 67.11 ; 78.3; fraz-rawisnih, see under fraz. rapihwin [lpytpyn'], n. 'id., (name of a ceremony)', 72.9 rasidan (ras-) [YXMTWN-tn'; ls-ytn'J, vb. 'to reach, arrive', 67.5; 'to be done, observed', 84.1; fraz-, 'to approach', 86.1 rasfig [lswk'], n. 'weasel', 79.28 ratwo-bcrezad [lt'pwblzt'), n. 'id., the Ra{}~o.b;irnat service (i.e. the Gaha.mbar)' , 72.9: 79.7 rawenidan (rawen-) [SGYTWNyn-ytn'), vb. 'to make go, align', 70.1, 3 raz [le, lz). n. 'vine leaf', 79.5 ref [lys], n. 'wound, blentish', 79.17 raidan (rel-) [lys-ytn'], vb. 'to wound, hurt, damage', 77.5, 6; ---imnl. 'blemish', 79.24 rextan (rez-) [lyhtn', lye-], vb. ' to pour', 82.7 rosn [lwsn'), adj. 'light'; -ag, 'clear', 69.4; ~'ill, 'light', 79.20 roz [YWM; lwc], n. 'day', 91.4; -ag, 'day', 72.8 -rudag [lwtk'], adj. 'scraped', 73.2; 74.2; 80.3 rostan (roy-) [lwstn', lwy-], vb. 'to grow, sprour', 79.12, 17, 31; 80.3 ruwan [lwb'n], n. ' soul', 67.11 saxtan (saz-) [s'xtn', s'c-], vb. 'to make, prepare, dedicate, intend', 86.4 sang-rez [snglyc], n. 'gravel', 83.9 sanwar [snwl], n. 'bow', 79.1 sar [L' YSH] , n. prep. ' head, end, completion; outside, over' , 76.4; ..., kardan. 'to complete', 76.4; sarasar, 'entirely, from top to bottom' , 67.9; 79.22. 24; 81.3

~

PAH L AVI GLOSSARY

123

saragiin [L'YSH ' kwn'], adj. 'upside down', 79.24; 81.2 sidigar [srykl], adj. ' third', 84.4 So!ans [sws'ns], pr. n. 'id.', 67.6, 9; 69.7; 72.3; 79.12 sped [spyt'], adj. 'white', 79.29 spendomad [spntwkmt'], pr. n. 'id., (name of a Gacha)], 84.5, 8 sprahm [splhm], n. 'flower', 72.6; 83.10 sraw [slw], n. 'recitation', 72.11 sruum [slyswm], n. 'a third', 79.4 Sro! [slws], pr. n. 'id., the Yazata Sraosa', 79.31 sriidan (sray-) [slwtn', sl'd-], vb. 'to recite', 67.l; 91.7. See also asrayisnih, a-frazsriiyisn.Ih, traz-srayimih. sruwen [slwbyn], adj. '(made of) horn', 89.3 stabr [stpl], adj. 'strong ', 79.24 stadan (stan-) [YNSH.WN-tn'], vb. 'to seize, take'; ul 'to take up', 90.9 st.endag [styndk'], adj. 'standing up, erect', 67.4 sura.g [swl'k'], o. 'hole', 72.6; 82.1, 2; -Ig, 'burrowing', 79.28 suft [swpr'), n. 'shoulder', 74.5 snndus [swndws], n. 'brocade', 77.4 sust [swst'], adj. 'slack, drooping', 79.31 sya [syd'], adj. ' black', 79.28, 29, sahansah [MLK'n MLK'), n. 'king of kings', 72.10 §ayed [!'yyt'), impers. vb. 'may, is allowed, permissible, proper, in order', 67.5; 69.4; 98.2 et passim !ab [LYLY'; sp], n. 'night', 67.I, 11 ; 75.1; 79.19, 20, 21 !abik [spyk'], n. 'sacred shirt', 67. 1; 69.4; 73.1; 75.l ~astan (fun-) fIBLWN-tn'; skstn', skyn-). vb. 'to break, break off. 79.13: fienlh-, 'to be broken' , 79.25 •mug [mwk'), n. 'knee', 72.3; 82.3 mflman [snwmn'], n. 'id., (dedicatory formula)', 79.31 mdan(§aw-) [' ZLWN-tn'), vb. 'to go, to become', 79.9, 10, 16 ecpassim mstan (ooy-) [XLLWN-tn'), vb. 'to wash', 79.4, 15, 32, ta ['DJ, prep. conj. 'so that', 67.6; 'up to', 68.2; 72.5; 79.10; 'as long as, until', 79.4 9; ,.. ne, ·unless'. 79. IO tabidan (tab-) [t'p-ytn'], vb. ' to shine' , 74.2 tabig [t' byk], adj. 'shiny', 74.2 tag [t'k'], n. 'piece, item: twig' 72.7, 8: 79.6 et passim; 'twig', 79.6, 7, 10, 11. 13. 19, 25 et passim; --tagih, 'various numbers of twigs', 79.7; 2--, 'made of two pieces ' , 69.4: 3-, 'made of three pieces', 69.4. See also ew-rag. tabangog [tpngwk'], n. 'box, chest', 69.4 tan [tn'J, n. 'body, self, life' , 67.2; 69.4; ........bastag, 'shift, body-wrapping', 73.1 , 5; drahnay, '(a thing's) entire length, 72.6 taniipuhl [tn'12whl], n. adj. 'id. (a degree of sin or merit)', 79.33; -fg, 'tanapuhl sinner' , 87.7 t.anuk [tnwk'), adj. 'thin'; --a-tanuk, ' very thin' , 79.24; 81.3 tar [tl], prep. ' beyond', 72.3; 82.3; -•miug, 'higher than the knee' , 82.5 , 6; 83.3, 4, tarist [tlyst), prep. 'beyond', 77.2 tarmenimlh [tlmynsnyh], n. ' contempt, breach, defiance', 72.5 tarr [tl], adj. 'fresh, moist', 79.12 taftsuag, [tsknk'], n. 'sacred shirt', 67.9; 76.1, 9 tdt:Ig [t!tyk'], adj. ' bowl-shaped'. 79.28 tigr [XTY' ], n. ' arrow', 79.1 tis [MND'M), n. ' thing, something', 67.6, 7: 69.4; 85.10 et passim ; ...... ne, 'none whatever', 79.4 tuwan [twb'n'], impers. vb. 'can', 86.2: --Ig, 'able', 91.8

~.

124

NERANGESTAN

uI [L'L'], adv. prep. 'up(wards), on', 75.2; 79.11, 33; 90.9. See also under stlldan,

waz.

on ['wn], n. 'fissure', 82.2 uruspar ['wlwspl], n. 'belly, womb, intestines', 67.8 nrwar ['wlwl], n. 'plant', 72.1, 2, 6; 79.9, 18; 80.l; 82.4; 83.7 uspumg ['wspwlyk], adj. 'complete, full', 78.2, 3. See also under wascarag. uftar ['wstl'; GMR'], n. 'camel', 67.6 uitwad ['wstwt'], pr. n. 'id., (name of a Gatha)], 84.5, 8 uzenidan (uz.en-) [' wcyn-ytn'], vb. 'to cause to go out, remove', 79.33 walidan (wiil-) [w'l-ytn'), vb. 'to increase, grow'; ~ih, 'growth'; §ab ~im, ' nightfall', 79.19 wang [K'L'; w'ng], n. 'sound, call', 79.10 warin [w'l'n'], n. 'rain'. 79.21; 82.7 wiistarenidan (wiistaren-) [w'stlyn-ytn']. vb. 'to work in the fields, work as a husbandman', 91.4 waz [w'c], n. 'baj. (the ritual formula, or the service of the same name)' 67.6; 79.13, 19, 30; - be guft.an. 'to leave the baf, 79.19; - fraz griftan, 'to take the baf, 79.9 et passim; - abaz griftan, 'to take the biij again', 79.11, 19 et passim; - abiiz nl griftan, 'to take the entire bajagain', 79.11 wardenidan (warden-) [wltyn-ytn'], vb. 'to turn over, pass around', 79.21; o ham~, 'to mix', 79.5 waromand [wl'wmnd], adj. 'doubtful'; ""1h, ' doubt', 79.13 waydan [wyt'n' ], adj. (?) 'round-topped' (?), 76.l war [wl), n.yrep. '(in the) direction (of), to', 79.9 warr [LBWSY'J, n. 'garment', 74.1 wars [wls], n. '(consecrated) hair', 73.2; 90.8, lO warzidan (warz-) [wlc-ytn'), vb. 'to act, do, corrurut', 67.4; abar -. 'to employ', 77.2; kar--i'§nlh, 'doing work', 67.4 was [KBD. ws), adj. 'much, many', 69.3; 72.5 wastarag [wstlk], n. 'garment', 68.1, 2; 69.2; 73.3, 4; uspumg ~, 'full clothing', 78.2, 3 w~g [wstk], adj. 'ill, sick', 67.10 wdtan (ward-) [w~tn•, wlt-}, vb. 'to change, turn', 90.7. See also gastan. waxJ [wxs], n. 'spirit; aroma(?)', 85.1 waxfidan (waxJ-)[wx~-ytn'], vb. 'to grow'; --im, 'growth'. 79. 18 wemar [wym'l], adj. 'ill, sick', 67.5 we§ [wys], adj. adv. 'more', 79.13 we§ag [wysk1, n. 'thicket', 79.9, 10 wextan (wez-) [NSXWN-tn'], vb. 'to select, choose, separate', 79.81 82.4 weh [SPYL], adj. 'better, best', 67.6; 74.5; 79.24; 91.8 Weh§abuhr [wyhs''1whl], pr. n. 'id', 79.29 Wisparad [wysplt'], o. • Vfspered. (name of a text and a ritual)', 72.11; - r Do-bomast, 'id. (name of a ceremony)', 84.12; - I Dwazdahhomast. 'id., (name of a ceremony)', 84.9; ~ i Arto-k.artcn, 'id. (name of a ceremony)' 72.11 widardan (wider-) [wtltn, wtyl-), vb. 'to pass, be longer than', 79.25 widest [wtyst'J, n. 'span', 72.5 wihez- [wyhyc-], pr. st. 'to move (towards the end ?)' .91.8 wimand [wymnd), n. 'limit', 79.8 win.ah [wn's), o. 'sin', 67.11; 78.3; 79.33; 91.6 windadan (wind-) [XSKXWN-tn'; wnd'tn', wnd-], vb. 'to find, obtain', 91.4, 5 wisistan (wisinn-) [wsstn', wsyn-], vb. 'to split, break'. 79.14, 16 wistardan (wistar-) [wstl-tn'], vb. 'to spread out', 71.1; 79.1; 80.1, 3; 82.7; 83.6, 8; ,.;iJn1h, 'the act of spreading', 84.1, 9; 85.8, 11; 86.1. See also under barsom. wiliidan (wiiay-) [~LY1WN-tn'J, vb. 'to open', 79.32 wiUd [ws' t], adj. part. 'open'; ~ag, 'loosely dressed', 91.7; --dwarimlh, 'running loose (i.e. a sin)', 67.11; 73.5

PAHLAVI GLOSSARY

125

wiyan [wyd'n'), n. 'tent', 77. l wizfid [wyzwt1. adj. part. 'damaged', 69.4 •wzg, 'skin?', 73.2, 5; 74.2

xan (h'n1, n. ' spring', 91.1. 2, 3, 4, 5, xanag [h'nk'), n. ' house', 72.9 xar [XMR'J, n. 'ass, donkey', 73.2 xast(ag) (xst(k')), adj. 'tom, not whole' 73.2, 5; friiz-, 'in many pieces', 74.2 xub [hwp), adj. adv. 'good, valid', 67.11; 75.2; 79.23, 24; 85.11; 89.5; 91.4 xuftan (xufs-) [XLMWN-tn'; hwptn', hwps-), vb. 'to sleep, go to sleep', 67.11 •xusidan (xus-) fxws-ytn'], vb. 'to dry up', 79.23 xwastan (xwah-) [B 'YXTWN-stn'), vb. 'to desire, ask (for), seek' , 86.2; 90.9; 91.5; abar ...., 'to seek', 90.1, 2, 3, 4 xwad [BNPSH), prcm. 'self, own', 72.9 et passim xwardan (xwar-) ['STH-tn'), vb. 'to eat, drink, consume' , 90.2 xwarg [hwlk.), n. 'ember', 85.1 xwe'§ [NPSH], adj. 'own', 87.8, 9; 90.9, 11 et passim yasn [yasn'], n. 'act of worship, service', 85.12, 15 ya!t [yst'], n. 'act of worship, service, Yasna·, 72.5; ~ I keb, 'lesser service·, 72.11; 86.1; ""llgih, 'ritual use', 79.18 yahan (yaz-) [YDBXWN-tn'), vb. 'to celebrate, consecrate, perform, offer', 71.1: 72.8; 79.21 el passim; -ag, 'celebrated', 72.9 yatahilweryo [yt"hwkwylywk'), pr.n. 'id., the y.a.v. prayer', 85.2 yaz(a)d [yz.cit], n. 'id., divine being', 90.5 yazim [ycsn'), n. 'act of worship, service, ceremony, Yasna', 67.9, 10; 79.31, 32; 80.2; 86.1; 90.8; 91.4, 6, 8 zahag (z'hk'), n. 'element' , 85. l ;r.ah!i [zh'(k)), n. 'depth, bottom, thickness' , 72.3; 79.24; 90.4 zamcstan wnst'n'), n. 'winter', 85.9, 12 zamig [zmyk], n. adj. 'earth, floor, (made of) clay', 79.16; 83.1, 5; 89.1 zan [NYSH), n. 'woman', 67.5, 11; 83.10 zamln [znsn'), n. 'beating, stroke', 91.4 •zamnandih [ZXB ' mndyh], n. '(the quality of) being gold-coloured', 79.24 •zast.ofren [zsrwfryn']. n. adv. '(by the) handful'. 79.7 zohr [zwhl), n. 'id., offering, oblation, liba · , 90.8 zor [zwl), n. 'force'. 79.14 zot [zwt'], n. 'id., chief officiating pde ', 74.2; 82.3

CAHIERS DE STUDIA IRANICA ISSN 0993 - 8699 Cahier 16 (1995)

F. M. KOTWAL / P. G. KREYENBROEK

THE HERBEDESTAN AND NERANGESTAN. VOL. II. NERANGESTAN Cahier 17 (1995)

R. GYSELEN

SCEAUX MAGIQUES EN IRAN SASSANIDE Cahier 18 (1996)

[ISBN 2-910640-02-7]

flSBN 2-910640-03-5]

A. S. MELTKIAN-CHIRVANI

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W. FLOOR

THE AFGHAN OCCUPATION OF SAFAVID PERSIA 1721-1729 Cahier20 (1998)

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M. PFISTERER

EIN SILBERSCHATZ VOM SCHWARZEN MEER. BEOBACHTUNGEN ZUM GEWUMLAUF IM ACHAIMENIDENREICH Cahier 23 (2000)

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LE CINQUIEME LIVRE DU DENKARD Cabier 24 (2002)

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M. SZUPPE (ed.)

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Le Neitl11gestln, ou « Llvre d'indications rituelles », vient, dans Jes manuscrits, a la suite du Herbedestan mais represcnte un lexte a part qui a essentiellement trait a !'education religieu e. Les deux textes appartiennent ?I. la tradition savante du Zoroastrh,me, et Jes longs passages du commentaire pehlevi sont souvent plus eclairants que le sont les phrases laconiques en avestique. Toujours est ii que peu de passages sont faciles a lire paroe que la plupart des iranistes occidentaux ont une connaissance peu approfondie des differents rituels zoroastriens, tandis que l'objectif du Nerongestln eta.it d'elucider des points qui semblaient obscurs meme aux pretres pratiquants de l'epoque. Le deuxieme Fragard du Nerangest§n est fonde sur l'enseignement de Sosans, mais n'a probablement cte consigne dans sa forrne actuelle que plusieurs g6tcrations apres ce grand commentateur. C'est de loin le chapitre le plus long du texte, et la richesse d'informations qu'il contient procure de nouveaux ape~us dans different.-. a,;pects de la vie rcligieuse et rituelle de la communaute zoroastrienne. The Nerangestan, the "Book of Ritual Directions··. follows the Herbedesliin in the manuscripL'i but is in fact a separate text, dealing with matters of ritual where the Herbedestan is mainly concerned with religious education. Both texts belong to the learned tradition of Zoroastrianism, and the lengthy passages of Pahlavi commentary are often more illuminating than the terse Avestan sentences. Still, few part.,; of the text make ~sy reading; mosl Western lranists have at best a passing acquaintance with the various Zoroastrian rituals, while the Nerangestan was intended to elucidate points which seemed obscure even to the practising priests of its lime. The Second Fragard of the Nerangest5n is based on the Teachings of So~ans, but was probably written down in its present fonn several generations after this great Commentator. It is by far the longest ext.ant chapter of the text, and the wealth of infonnation it contains affords new insight,; into several aspects of the religious and ritual life of the Zoroastrian community.

Da-;tur Firoze M. Kotwal , haut responsable a Bombay d'un Atas Bahram. est probablement l'un des demiers spcciaJistes dans le doma.ine du rituel zoroastrien. II possede un doctoral de J'Universite de Landres et est l'auteur de nombreusc.,; publications sur le Zoroastrisme.

a

Philip G. Kreyenbroek est professeur d ' Etudes ironiennes l' Universite de Gottingen. Ses nombreuses publicalions portent sur le Zoroastrisme et sa tradition textuelle, les traditions religieuses oroles. le Yezidisme. le Soulismc et la lil.tbaturc kurde. ISSN 0993 · 8699

ISBN 978-2-910640·2+8