The History of English: Volume 5 Varieties of English 9783110525045, 9783110522792

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Alexander Bergs and Laurel J. Brinton (Eds.) The History of English Volume 5

The History of English Volume 5: Varieties of English Edited by Alexander Bergs and Laurel J. Brinton

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ISBN 978-3-11-052279-2 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-052504-5 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-052304-1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at: http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Cover image: elf0724/iStock/Thinkstock Typesetting: jürgen ullrich typosatz, Nördlingen Printing: CPI Books GmbH; Leck ♾ Printed on acid-free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com

Table of Contents Abbreviations

VII

Laurel J. Brinton and Alexander Bergs Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Richard W. Bailey Chapter 2: Standard American English

9

Luanne von Schneidemesser Chapter 3: Regional varieties of American English

31

Stefan Dollinger Chapter 4: Canadian English in real-time perspective Sonja L. Lanehart Chapter 5: Re-viewing the origins and history of African American Language 80 Pam Peters Chapter 6: Standard British English

96

Bernd Kortmann and Christian Langstrof Chapter 7: Regional varieties of British English Lynda Mugglestone Chapter 8: Received Pronunciation Ulrike Altendorf Chapter 9: Estuary English Sue Fox Chapter 10: Cockney

151

169

187

Markku Filppula and Juhani Klemola Chapter 11: Celtic and Celtic Englishes Robert McColl Millar Chapter 12: Scots 231

210

121

53

VI

Table of Contents

Jeffrey L. Kallen Chapter 13: English in Ireland

244

Colin H. Williams Chapter 14: English in Wales

265

Marianne Hundt Chapter 15: Australian/New Zealand English Devyani Sharma Chapter 16: English in India

289

311

Rajend Mesthrie Chapter 17: English in Africa – a diachronic typology David Britain Chapter 18: Diffusion

349

Raymond Hickey Chapter 19: Supraregionalization Suzanne Romaine Chapter 20: Pidgins and creoles Index

403

365

385

330

Abbreviations ACC ACT ADJ ADV

AN Angl. AUX

C COMPR DAT DEM DU

EModE EWSax. FEM

Fr. GEN

Ger. Gk. Go. Grmc. IE IMP IND INF INFL INSTR

Kent. LAEME LALME Lt. LModE LWSax. MASC

ME MED ModE NEG

accusative case active adjective adverb Anglo-Norman Anglian auxiliary consonant comparative dative case demonstrative dual Early Modern English Early West Saxon feminine French genitive case German Greek Gothic Germanic Indo-European imperative indicative infinitive inflected instrumental case Kentish A Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English A Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English Latin Late Modern English Late West Saxon masculine Middle English Middle English Dictionary Modern English negative

DOI 10.1515/9783110525045-203

VIII

Abbreviations

WGrmc. WSax.

neuter noun nominative case noun phrase object objective case Old English Oxford English Dictionary Old French Old High German Old Norse person passive past tense Present-day English Proto-Germanic Proto-Indo-European plural preposition pronoun participle present tense preterit subject singular subjunctive mood superlative subject-object-verb word order subject-verb-object word order tense verb verb second vowel verb-object word order verb phrase West Germanic West Saxon

>