The Greek Herbal of Dioscorides

Citation preview

Martha S. Gratton Library MARY

BALDWIN

Presented

COLLEGE

by

Library Associates,

1974

THE GREEK HERBAL OF DIOSCORIDES

Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2022 with funding from Kahle/Austin Foundation

https ://archive.org/details/greekherbalofdio0000dios

; cs ibs $3

mM oe

Areaa

JeAreep at |

“ae{PDasias Bioforides¥cae

yreeeh

s me

>

7}

oy

eequarwy pak PAarey fe

atecad — ke g

yes.i

a Casey “< ‘Ciengwoy #Grne--

Longcee

trees , $

: a

om

€

p18 Cys a Xerrguarane9cs is

€ unebs 1 €

iuices,

ap ; ey Gre

¢

» Aexbs.

ove ralagre dead

ones . H ee bom 25 Jp fewer 2sfhe meee er pili A es estay

=

Kerk,

ads

: AEs

; gs

GOODYER’S

INTERLINEAR

o

i an

song =.ees i

hey, an 4/8

a

rie

TRANSLATION

ie

\

bP rates

hs ie)

he ni

OF DIOSCORIDES

THE GREEK HERBAL OF DIOSCORIDES ILLUSTRATED BY A BYZANTINE ALD. 512 ENGLISHED BY JOHN GOODYER A.D. 1655 EDITED AND FIRST PRINTED A.D. 1933 BY

ROBERT

T.

GUNTHER

M.A., Hon, LED:

(Facsimile of the 1934 Edition)

With Three hundred and ninety-six Illustrations

HAFNER

PUBLISHING

LONDON

AND

NEw

COMPANY YorRK

1968 - (On

ARY

BRA yh ARTON , LI MRE ARTHA 2 GR COLLEGE N WI ii MARY BALO Vex

ORIGINALLY

PUBLISHED

IN

1934 AND REPRINTED BY ARRANGEMENT

FIRST PRINTING

1959

SECOND PRINTING

1968

Printed and Published

HAFNER

PUBLISHING 31 New

LIBRARY

OF

CONGRESS

East

by COMPANY,

INC.

10th Street

York, N.Y.

CATALOG

10003

CARD

Printed in U.S.A. by NOBLE OFFSET PRINTERS, INC.

NEW YORK 3, N. Y.

NUMBER

59-7041-

PAR BBs

Car

THE great work compiled during the first century a.D. by DioscorIDEs of Anazarba in Cilicia has been the chief source whence, for fifteen centuries and more, herbalists

of all nations have drawn their inspiration, yet no English translation has hitherto been published. The first English writer to realize the importance of rendering this fountain-head of medical and botanical knowledge available for his fellow-countrymen was JOHN GOODYER, the great Botanist of Petersfield. Between the years 1652 and 1655 he laboriously wrote out the entire Greek text with an interlinear English translation on 4,540 quarto pages; and this, so far as I am aware, is the

one and only attempt at an English Dioscorides. Even as Philemon Holland is worthy of the highest praise for having had the courage to translate the works of the elder Pliny, and so to cause him, with his natural

curiosities, to live again for the delectation of Englishmen in the seventeenth century, so the translation of John Goodyer does reflect the extent to which the Dioscoridean Materia Medica might have been available to such Elizabethan

and Jacobean

Herbalists—as

Gerard,

Parkinson,

and others. It is therefore a source of the first importance from the point of view of the History of the English Herbal. Goodyer’s work was never printed. Perhaps he failed to find a patron such as Holland’s Sir Robert Cecil; and in his day ‘to set foot forward in forreine ground without the countenance of some worthie personage’ was too‘ fearefull’ a risk for a publisher. But whatever the cause of its non-appearance by 1664, Goodyer’s manuscript translation, with his fine botanical library, came to Magdalen College. For centuries it has remained unnoticed and unused by generations of classical tutors who, in lectures

on the classics, have preached the sterile joys of reading

vi

PREFACE

dead languages in the original, rather than the duty of making the contained information available to their fellow-countrymen. The justification for the present and largely uncorrected edition of Goodyer’s translation is that it reproduces the atmosphere of his style, that it is a valuable historical document, and that it may still stimulate the curious to sift the indigenous from the exotic, and to discover the sources of much fictitious matter. While certain needful changes have been made in punctuation and order of words to make their meaning clearer, no drastic attempt has been made to alter the spelling, or even to make it uniform or to accord with*nineteenth-century practice. If our text presents a Greek work of the first century as understood in Hampshire in the sixteenth century, the illustrations have yet higher interest. They are the work of a Byzantine artist of about A.D. 512, for presentation to Juliana Anicia, daughter of Anicius Olybrius, Emperor of the West in 472. And although I cannot quite assume with my friend Dr. Singer that the Byzantine artist was incapable of faithfully representing living plants, save by making slavish copies from older drawings, there is good internal evidence that he did as a matter of fact base his drawings upon originals that were not far removed from sketches by the famous CRATEUAS, whose plant-descriptions are occasionally quoted in the text. Pliny, who was well acquainted with

the

technical

difficulties,

mentions

several

Greek

artists who had made the attempt of illustrating floras, but he did not write very enthusiastically about their success. They painted every herb in their colours, and under their portraits they couched and subscribed their several natures and effects. But what certainly could there be therein ? pictures, you know, are deceitfull ; also, in representing such a number of colours, and especially representing the lively hew of Hearbs according to their nature as they grow, no marvell if they that limned and drew them out, did fail and degenerat from the first pattern and originall. Besides they came far short of the mark, setting out hearbs as they did at one only season (to wit, either in their floure,

PREFACE

vil

or in seed-time) for they change and alter their form and shape every quarter of the yeare.

Crateuas,

however,

was

among

those

whom

he con-

sidered worthy of special mention for having written on Herbs in a most pleasant and plausible manner. He was a rhizotomist as well as an author. He had had the advantage of being body physician to Mithridates VI Eupator (120-63 B.c.), the most enlightened ruler of Pontus, who described the plants of his kingdom by his own hand,! and who had the reputation of knowing more about poisons and their antidotes than any one else in his day: that most potent

antidote,

the mithridate,

preserved

his name

all

through the Middle Ages. The illustrated work of Crateuas was of first-rate significance in the history of botany, for it is reported to have comprised the most life-like pictures of plants drawn at that time. So skilful was he that he has been justly called the ‘father of plant illustration’. And, it is remarkable that the best of the Anician drawings are just those which are associated with explanatory texts containing quotations from Crateuas. Dr. Singer has indicated eleven figures of plants, as presumably by Crateuas ; and they have been identified by Mr. A. J. Wilmott as Asavum europaeum (1.9) ; Plantago sp. (2.153); Asphodelus sp. (2.199) ; Papaver dubtum (2.207) ;* Adonis aestivalis (2.208) ; Anagallis arvensis and A. foemina (2.209); Aristolochia pallida (3.4); Aristolochia sempervirens (3.5) ;Salvia multifida (4.36) ;* Silene linifolia (4.120.)? In addition to these, though nos. 2.154 and 4.35 are doubtful, the merit of the figure of Thlaspi Bursapastoris (2.186) is excellent, as too are many of the other figures, some of which have evidently got attached to the wrong descriptions, e.g. Moly (3.54). Yet another of the plants of Crateuas is specially mentioned by Pliny,? and for the sn

2Abahia, OQ

rove

2 These identifications are to be preferred Daubeny printed in the text. 3 Pliny, Natural History, xxii. 22.

to those

of Sibthorp

and

viii

PREFACE

sake of completeness we may quote Holland’s translation hee: ALIMON.

Crateuas hath made mention of a third sort, which hath

longer leaves than the rest, and more rough in the hand, in smell resembling the Cipres tree; who saith that it delighteth to grow principally under the Yvie tree; which if it be taken to the weight of 3 oboli in a sextar of water, helpeth those that have their heads and bodies drawn

far back, and such as are troubled with the

contraction and shrinking of sinews.

This may or may not be the ‘ Alimos’ of Dioscorides, 1. 20. Many of the figures seem hopeless of interpretation. Nevertheless, we have printed them, in the hope that fieldbotanists when travelling in the special localities whence the Dioscoridean flora was derived, may thus recognize a few of the plants which through mistaken features it has been impossible to identify in a herbarium of dried plants. The specific names with which we have headed every chapter are perhaps less justifiable. In the present state of uncertainty we have thought it better to abstain from adding to the long lists of suggested synonyms which have been proposed, and to quote names from the list of identifications appended by Charles Daubeny to his ‘Lectures on Roman Husbandry’ 1857, and reprinted with a few corrections as an appendix to this book on page 600. In other cases the names suggested have been derived from Sprengel’s edition of Dioscorides. The Labiate and Composite identifications have been revised by Mr. E. Baker and by Messrs. H. W. Pugsley and Cecil Norman respectively. Unfortunately in many cases the plant described is apparently not the same as the plant figured, so the name quoted may apply to either one or the other, but not to both.

Still, if these imperfect identifica-

tions stimulate by their falsity the production of a revised version, they will not have been printed in vain. I desire here to make mention of the great loss which such historical studies as these have suffered through the recent death of Dr. Otto Stapf of Kew. For many years he

PREFACE

iX

had had the intention to publish an account of the Dioscoridean flora, but what with the abundance of its insoluble problems, and with pressure of other work, he was never

able to find the time to go as fully into the matter as he considered necessary. Death has robbed Botany of an invaluable coadjutor. A few words must also be added in acknowledgement of help received from the Librarians of Magdalen College and of the Royal College of Physicians for the continued loan of the Goodyer Manuscript and of Sprengel’s edition of Dioscorides. Also our thanks to Mr. Sprague of Kew for the identification of three species of plants, and especially to Miss F. A. Boustead, who with great skill and patience has made the admirable copies of the drawings in the Vienna

Codex, with which

this book is illustrated, and

without which it would not have been printed to-day. The text of the book was set up at the University Press in Oxford, but, where the figures are numerous, was repro-

duced with them by the Replika process, Messrs. Lund Humphries & Co. at Bradford. which the figures have been reduced may by the size of the accompanying captions: the space available on each page.

executed by The scale by be estimated it varies with

R. T. GUNTHER,

CONTENTS BOOK

AROMATICS,

I

OILS, OINTMENTS,

TREES

BOOK

LIVING

CREATURES,

MILK

PAGE

:

I

II

AND

DAIRY

PRODUCE,

CEREALS AND SHARP HERBS

93

BOOK

iit

Roots, JuIcES, HERBS

; BOOK

HERBS AND Roots

‘

a

eR

-

399

IV

:

: BOOK

V

VINES AND WINES, METALLIC

ORES

.

;

OO

APPENDIX

Dr. CHARLES

DAUBENY’S

IDENTIFICATIONS

Te

OOY

;

~

leon

;

.

695

INDEXES

I. SARACEN’S LATIN INDEX.

1598 EDITION. II. SUPPLEMENTAL INDEX

REPRINTED FROM THE

Of Pedacius Dioscorides, of Medicinall matter, the first Booke Bnelyy27 Apr: 205208610 a: Graec. 29 Aug. 1655 ho. 2 p.

DEAREST AREIUS,

Although many writers of modern times, as well as of antiquity, have composed Treatises on the preparation, power and testing of medicines, I will try to show you that I was not moved to this undertaking by any vain or senseless impulse. It was because some of these authors did not perfect their work, while others derived most of their account from histories. IoLas the Bithynian and HExaCLIDES the Tarentine did indeed slightly touch upon the subject, but they entirely omitted the Treatise on Herbs, and failed to record all metallics and spices. CRATEUAS, the rhizotomist, and ANDREAS, the physician, appear to have been better versed in this part of the subject than the others, but have passed over many very serviceable roots and have given insufficient descriptions of several herbs. Yet it must be confessed that though the matters, which they have transmitted, are few, yet the ancients have used

great diligence in their work. We may not be wholly in agreement with the modern writers, among whom are JULIUS BAssus, NICERATUS and PETRONIUS,

NIGER

and DIopoTus,

all Asclepiads.

They

have in a manner deigned to describe familiar facts wellknown to all, but they have transmitted the powers of Medicines and their examination cursorily, not estimating their efficacy by experience, but by vain prating about the cause, have lifted up each medicine to a heap of controversy: and besides this they have recorded one thing by mistake for another.

Thus NIGER, who seems to be a man

of special note amongst them, states that Euphorbion is the juice of Chamelaia growing in Italy, that Androsaimon is the same as Hypericon, and that Aloe is a mineral B

2

DIOSCORIDES,

BK. I

growing in Judaea, and in the face of plain evidence he sets down many more such falsehoods, which are tokens that he acquired his information not by his own observation, but had it only from the false relation of hearsay. Moreover, they have offended in the classification of medicines: some couple together those of quite contrary faculties, others follow an alphabetical arrangement in their writing, and have separated both the kinds and the operations of things that are closely related, so that thereby they come to be harder to remember. But we, as I may say from our first growth, having an unceasing desire to acquire knowledge of this matter, and having travelled much (for you know that I led a soldier’s life), have by your advice gathered together all that I have commented hereupon, and have committed it into five books. This compilation I dedicate to you, thus fulfilling my grateful affection for the goodwill you have towards us. It 1s your nature to show yourself a familiar friend to all who are led by learning, but especially to those who follow the same profession, and yet more particularly to myself. But the great affection that that most excellent man, Licrnius BaAssus (doth bear) unto thee, is no small token of the lovable goodness that is in thee, which I know, beholding when I lived with you, the goodwill worthy of emulation, that passed between you both. But I beg that you, and all who may peruse these Commentaries, will not pay attention so much to the force of our words, as to the industry and experience (that I have brought to bear in the matter. For with very accurate diligence, knowing most herbs with mine own eyes, others by Historical relation agreeable to all, and by questioning, diligently enquiring of the Inhabitants of each sort, we will endeavour both to make use of another arrangement, and also to describe the kinds and forces of every one of them. Now it is obvious to everybody that a Treatise on Medicines is necessary, for it is conjoined to the whole Art of

INTRODUCTORY

3

Healing, and by itself yields a mighty assistance to every part. And because its scope may be enlarged both in the direction of methods of preparation, and of mixtures, and of experiments on diseases and because a knowledge of each separate medicine contributes much hereunto, we will include matter that is familiar and closely allied, that the book may be complete. Before all else it is proper to use care both in the storing up and in the gathering of herbs each at its due season, for it is according to this that medicines either do their work, or become quite ineffectual. We ought to gather herbs when the weather is clear, for there is a great difference whether it be dry or rainy when the gathering is made. The place also makes a difference: whether the localities be mountainous and high, whether they lie open to the wind, whether they be cold and dry ; upon this the stronger forces of drugs depend. Medicinal plants found growing on plains, in plashy and shady localities, where the wind cannot blow through, are for the most part the weaker ; and especially those that are not gathered at the right season, or else are decayed through weakness. It must also not be forgotten that herbs frequently ripen earlier or later according to the characteristics of the country and the temperature of the year, and that while some of them by an innate property bear flowers and leaves in winter, others flower twice in a year. Now it behoves anyone who desires to be a skilful herbalist, to be present when the plants first shoot out of the earth, when they are fully grown, and when they begin to fade. For he who is only present at the budding of the herb, cannot know it when full-grown, nor can he who hath examined a full-grown herb, recognize it when it has only just appeared above ground. Owing to changes in the shape of leaves and the size of stalks, and of the flowers and fruits, and of certain

other known characteristics, a great mistake has been made by some who have not paid proper attention to them in this manner. For this very reason, some authors

4

DIOSCORIDES,

BK. I

have blundered when they have written of some plants that they bear neither flowers, nor stalk, nor fruit, citing

Gramen, Tussilago and Quinquefolium. Therefore the man who will observe his herbs oftentimes and in divers places, will acquire the greatest knowledge of them. We must likewise be aware that only those Medicinal Herbs,

the White and Black Hellebore, Veratrum album and niger, retain their power for many years; the others, for the most part, will only keep good for use for three years. But herbs which are full of branches, like Stoechas, Chamaidrus, Polion, Abrotonum, Seriphium, Absinthium, Hyssopum,

and the like should be gathered whilst they are great with seed ; flowers ought to be gathered before they fall; fruits when they are ripe, and seeds when they begin to be dry, and before they fall out. To extract the juice of herbs, take their stalks when they have newly sprouted ; and so too with the leaves. But for taking juices and tears, the stems should be cut while yet in their ripeness. Roots for storing or for the extraction of juices and the peeling of barks, should be collected when the herbs are beginning to lose their leaves, when those which are clean may be set to dry forthwith in dry places, but those which have earth or clay sticking to them must be washed with water. Flowers and sweet-scented things should be laid up in dry boxes of Lime-wood: but there are some herbs which do well enough if wrapped up in papers or leaves for the preservation of their seeds. For moist medicines some thicker material such as silver, or glass, or horn will agree best. Yes, and earthenware if it be not thin is fitting enough, and so is wood, particularly if it be box-wood: Vessels of brass will be suitable for eye-medicines and for liquids and for all that are compounded of vinegar or of liquid pitch or of Cedria, but fats and marrows ought to be put up in vessels of tin.

(5) THE

AROMATICS

1. IRIs. Iris Germanica ov I. florentina Iris [Somme call it Iris Ilyrica, somme Thelpida, somme Urania, somme Catharon, somme Thaumastos, the Romanes call it Radix Marica, somme Gladiolus, somme Opertritis, somme Consecratrix,

the Egyptians call it Nar] is soe named from the resemblance of the

t.

TRIS

% )

v

rainbow in heaven, but it beares leaves like unto a little sword but

greater & broader & fatter [or thicker]: the flowers on the stalke, are bended in, one

ouer against another, & diuers, for they are

either soon white or pale or black or purple or azure. Whence for the varietie of colours it is likened to the heauenly rainebow. The rootes under are knotty, strong [or sound], of a sweet savour,

which after the cutting ought to be dryed in the shade, & soe

6

DIOSCORIDES,

BK. I

(with a linnen thread put through them) to be layd vp. But ye best is that of Illyria & Macedonia, & of these the best is that which hath a thick roote, stumped, & hard to breake, & in color of a faintyellow, & exceeding well-scenting, & very bitter to the tast, of a

sound smell, & not enclining to nastinesse, & moving to sneesing in ye beating. The second is that of Lybia, [or Africa] white according to the colour, bitter according to the tast, next in strength (to the former), but when they grow old they will be worm-eaten, yet then they smell the sweeter. But all of them haue a warming, extenuating facultie, fitting against coughs, & extenuating grosse humors hard to get up. They purge thick humors & choler, being dranck in Hydromel to the quantity of seven dragms they are also causers of sleep & prouokers of tears & heale the torments of ye belly. But dranck with vinegar they help such as are bitten by venomous beasts, and the splenitick and such as are troubled with convulsion fitts, & such as are chilled, & stiff with cold, & such as let fall their food. But dranck with wine, they bring out the menses,

yea, & the decoction of them is fitting for women’s fomentations which doe mollify & open the places, & for the Sciatica being taken by way of infusion, & for Fistulas, & all hollow sores, which

it fills up with flesh. But being applyed as a Collyrium with hony, they draw out the Embryons. Being fed, & layd on by way of Cataplasme, they doe mollify the struma & the old Scirrhus, but being dryed they fill up vicers, & cleanse them, & with hony they fill vp with flesh the bare of the bones. They are good also for the head-ache being layd on by way of cataplasme with acetum & Rosaceum: being dawbed on also with white Veratrum, & twice soe much hony, they cleanse off the Lentigo, & sun burning; they are mixt also with the Pessi, with ye Malagmata & with the Acopi, & in generall they are of very much use. z.

Acorum

AKORON.

Iris

Pseudacorus

[somme call it Chorus or Aphrodisia, the Romans call it

Venerea, somme call it the Mariner’s roote, the Frenchmen

call it

the pepper of bees, Piper apum]! hath leaues much resembling those of Iris but narrower,

& roots not vnlike, but one

wrapt

in the

other, not growing downe right, but sydelong in the vpper part of the earth, distinguished with knots of a pale white, sharp in

tast,

& not vnpleasant in smell.

But that is best which is thick &

white, not worm-eaten, full & odoriferous.

in Colchis

and

that

out of Galatia

Now this is that which

is called Asplenium.

t Other MS. reads zezepaxiov.

The

AROMATICS

7

roote hath an heating power, & the decoction thereof dranck, moueth vrina. It is good for the paine of ye Latus, & of the Thorax, & of the Hepar, for ye Tormen, for the Ruptures, for the

Convulsions, it abates the Spleen, & it helpes the sick of ye Stilliciidum, & them that are a beluis venenatis demorsi. It is profitable

2.

>

'G y

AKORON

de {

MAAS syoyt oy by insessus, as Iris, for the muliebria.

The succus of the roote doth

cleanse off such thinges as darken the Pupillae. also is profitably mixed with Antidotums.

3.

MEON.

The roote thereof

Meum Athamanticum

That Meum, which is called Athamanticum, doth grow abundantly in Macedonia & Spain, is like in the stalke & leaues to Anethum, but thicker than Anethum, somme tyme rising up to two cubits, underscattered

with

thinne,

winding,

& streight,

long,

rootes,

sweet-smelling, warming the tongue. Which being sod with water, or being beaten smooth [or small] without seething, & soe dranck, doe assuage the paines caused by stoppage about ye vesica and the Renes; & they are good for the vrinae difficultas, & for the Inflatio stomachi, & for the Tormen, & for diseases of the matrix,

& ye paine of the joints. Being beaten small with hony, & taken in

8

DIOSCORIDES,

Bki

manner of an Eclegma, they helpe a Rheumatick Thorax: being boiled for an Insessus, they draw ye bloud by ye Menstrua: being layed on playster-wise to ye lower part of children’s bellies, they move the vrina. But being dranck more than is fitting, it causeth the Dolor capitis.

4.

KUPEIROS.

Cyperus rotundus

[The Romans (call it) the roote of the Bullrush, others the Bulrush|] Somme call Cyperus, as well as Aspalathus, by the name of Erysisceptrum. It hath leaues like to Porrum, but longer & more slender; a stalke of a cubit high or higher, with corners like a Iuncus, vpon the top whereof there is a growing-out of ye little leaues & of ye seed, the roots lie under, of which also there is vse,

long as of ye oliva, cleaving together, or round, black, well-smelling, bitter. It growes in tillowed places, as also in marishie. But that is ye best [roote] which is heaviest, thick, full, hard to breake, rough,

with a certaine sharpenesse, but such as this is ye Cilician & the Syrian, and that from the Cycladean Islands. There is a warming power in it, opening ye narrow mouths of the vasa & it is diureticall, being dranck it helps such as are troubled with the Calculus, & ye Hydropicall & also for them that are a scorpione morsi, & it is good for the prefrigeratio vuluae, & the obstruction thereof, it being applyed by way of fomentation, drawing downe the menstrua. It is good also for the vlcera oris, yea although they be feeding [or fretting], being dryed & beaten to powder. It is mixed also with ye malagmata calfacientia, & it is usefull for the thickning of oyntments. Somme speake also of another kinde of Cyperus which growes in India, like Ginger, which being chewed, is found to tast like saffron & to be bitter, & being applyed like an oyntment, presently it gets off the hayre.

5. KARDAMOMON.

Elettaria Cardamomum

The best Cardamomum is that which is brought out of Comagene, & Armenia, & Bosphorus ; it growes too in India, & Arabia. Chuse thou that which is hard

to be broken, full, close shut

(for that

which is not such is out of date), & that which with the smell doth offend [the head], sharpe in tast, & sommewhat bitter. It hath vim calfactoriam, beeing dranck with water, it is good for such as have the morbus Comitralis, the Tussis, the Sciatica, & the

Paralysis, the Ruptures, for the convulsions, the Tormina, & it doth expell the Latus Lumbricus. But dranck with wine it is good for such as haue ye Vitium renum, the Difficultatem meiendi.

AROMATICS

9

It is good also for them that are a Scorpione icti, & for all that are hurt by the poyson of other beasts. But being dranck to ye

4.

KUPEIROS

quantitie of a dramme with ye barck of ye roots of a Bay, it breakes the stone. It kills the Embrya being taken by way of Suffitus, & being dawbed on with Acetum it takes away the Psoras. It is mixed also for the thickning of ointments, & other Antidots.

10

DIOSCORIDES,

6. NARDOS.

BK!

(1) Nardostachys Jatamansi (‘Indian’)

There are two kindes of Nardus.

For the one is called Indian, the

other Syrian: not that it is found in Syria, but because one part of ye mountaine whereon it growes turnes towards Syria, & the other towards the Indians. And of that which is called Syrian,! that is the best which is new, smooth, full of haire, of a yellow color, very

odoriferous, & besydes that it doth resemble Cyperus in ye smell, it hath a short eare, it is of a bitter tast, & much drying of ye tongue, continuing a long tyme in its sweet smell. Of the Indian one kinde is that which is called Gangeticall, from a certain river named Ganges running by the hill where it growes. Being somewhat weaker in strength because it commeth out of watry places, & it is higher, & hath more eares comming out of the same roote, both full of haires, & one wrapt in ye other, hauing a poysonous smell. But that which growes more vpon the Hill,” is a great deale the sweeter, short-eared, resembling Cyperus in the sweetness of its smell, & hauing other qualities in it, such as that hath which is surnamed the Syrian Nardus. There is also another kinde of Nardus called Samphariticall from the name of the place, very little, yet great eared, hauing a white stalke, growing somme tymes in the middle, in scent, too much like to ye smell of a goate.

This ought vtterly to be refused: it is sold also infused, which fault is found out heereby, that the eare thereof is white, withered,

& hauing downe on it. They doe adulterate it by blowing of Stibium with water or wine of dates into it, for to make it ye more close, & that it may be heauier. When you are now to vse it, if any dirt stick to ye roots thereof, you are to take it off, & to sift it,

separating ye dust thereof which is good to make a washing water for the handes. They haue a warming, drying & vreticall facultie, whence they both stop ye Alvum being dranck, & being layd to, they stay ye fluxes of ye wombe & ye whites. But, being dranck

with cold water they help both the Nauseas, & the Stomachi rosiones & ye troubled with flatuosities & with the morbus hepaticus, & with the morbus regius, & with the dolor renum ; but sod in water,

either by fomentation or by Insessus, they heale the Inflammatio Vuluae; they are good also for the superflous humors of the lids of the eyes, binding, & thickning the eye-lids. And for moyst bodies the inspersion of them [is profitable to take away the smell of ye sweat}. They are mixed also with Antidots; being ground smooth, & made into balls with wine they are layd up for eye medicines in a new vessell, not pitchie. ' Patrinia scabiosaefolia (‘Syrian’).

2 Valeriana Havdwicku, Wallich,

AROMATICS

7. NARDOS KELTIKE.

rae

Valeriana celtica

The Celtick Nard growes on the Alpes of Liguria, tongue called Gallica. It growes also in Istria. shrub [& short] which is gathered together with vp into hand bundles. It hath sommewhat long

in that countrieIt is but a little ye roots & made leaues of a pale

The vse and ye sweetnesse

yellow, with an yellow flower.

of the

smell is only of the stalkes & roots. Wherefore you ought, (hauing ye day before sprinckled the bonds with water) & taken off the earthly stuffe [about them] to lay them in a more moyst ground, hauing first layd paper under them & the next day to make them cleane againe, for that which is good in it is not taken away by the strength of the moisture, together with the chaffie & strange stuff. This Herb is often counterfaited by another herb like it gathered together with it, which for the poysonous smell that it hath, they call the goate, but the difference [between these

twoe] is easy to be known, for this herb is without stalke and whiter, & hath lesse long leaues, neither hath it a bitter, or sweet

smelling roote, as in the true Nardus. Chusing therefore the little stalkes, & ye roots, but casting away the leaues, but if you will lay them vp you must first have them ground smooth [or small] & mixt with wine, & hauing made them into little balls, keep them in a new fictile vas, stopping them carefully. That is best which is new, & odoriferous, full of roots, plump, not easie to be broken.

It

is good for all thinges that the Syriack is, but it is more Diureticall & better for Stomach griefs. It helps also the Inflammations about ye Liver, & the Ictericall, & ye Inflatio ventriculi, being dranck with the decoction of Wormwood. In like sort it is good for the

Spleen, for the Bladder,

& for the Reines;

as also mixed

with wine for the Bitings of Venemous beasts. It is vsed also to be put into malagmata & into Potions, & into warming oyntments. 8.

NARDOS

OREINE.

Valeriana tuberosa

Mountain Nard The mountaine

Nardus, which of some

is called Thylacitis, and

Nevis, growes in Cilicia & Syria, hauing stalkes & leaues like to Eryngium, but lesse, yet not sharpe and prickly. The roots that lye vnder, are black, odoriferous, twoe or more, as of Asphodelus,

but thinner & a great deale lesse. Neither doth it beare stalk, nor fruit, nor flower [any long tyme]. The roote is good for all those things that the Celtick Nardus is

12

DIOSCORIDES,

9. ASARON.

BK. I

Asarum europaeum

Asarum, somme call it Nardus Syluestris, [the Magi Sanguis Martis, the Osthanes Thesa, the Aegyptians Cereera, the Romans Perpensa, somme call it Baccharis, the Thuscans (or Hetruscians) call it Succinum,

Baccar.]

somme

It hath leaues

9.

ASARON

Nardus

Rustica,

like vnto

4P~.

a flower between

French

Ivie, but much

call it

thicker

&

ue

(bir

rownder,

the

the leaues, neere

\)

to ye roote,

of an

azure colour like to the Cytinus or Hyoscyamus, wherein lyes the seed like the kernell in grapes; the roots vnder are inany [in smell like to Cinnamon. It loves rough & vnmoist grounds. The roote of this doth help the Ruptures, the Convulsions, the Vetus Tussis, the

Difficultas Spirandi, the Difficultas vrinandi. It expelleth the Menses also, & being dranck with wine it is good for those that are a venenato animali morsi. But the leaues being of a binding qualitie, being layd on help the Oculorum inflammationes, the Dolores capitis, the Aegilops beginning, and the inflammed duggs after child-bearings, & the Erysipela; & the smell (of it) is somnificus. And Crateuas the Herballist, (speaks) to this purpose.]

AROMATICS

13

The roots that lye vnder, being manie, knottie, slender, crooked: likevnto grasses, yet a great deale slenderer, and well smelling, heating, & biting the tongue verymuch. The force of them is diureticall, warming, & causing vomiting, good (therefore) for the Hydropicall, & an inveterate Ischias and they bring downe also the menses. The roots being dranck the quantitie of six dragms with Melicrate doe purge after ye manner of Veratrum album. They are mixed also with ointments. It growes on shadie mountaines, but very much in Pontus, & Phrigia, & in Illyricum, & Vestinum of Italie.

10.

PHovu.

Valeriana Dioscoridis not V. officinalis

Phu, which some call also Syluestris Nardus, growes in Pontus, & it hath leaues much like to Elaphoboscon, or to Hipposelinon, it hath a stalk of a cubit high or more, smooth, soft, inclining to a

purple colour, hollow in the middle, distinguished by knotts ; the flowers are sommewhat like those of Narcissus, but greater & tenderer, & purple in a pale white. The roote in the upper part of

it is about the thicknesse of the little finger but it hath capillamenta,

like as

Iuncus,

or

Veratrum

nigrum,

which

grow

one

within another, of a pale yellow, well scenting, & resembling Nardus in ye smell, with a certaine poysonous kinde of heauinesse. It being dryed, & giuen to drinke, hath a facultie to warme, & to prouoke vrine, & the decoction thereof may doe the same, & (it is good) for the Dolor lateris, and prouokes the Menses, & it is mixed with Antidots. It is adulterated by being mingled with ye roots of Ruscus but ye knowledge heereof is easy, for these are hard, & not

easy to be broken, & without any good smell. Ir. MALABATHRON! Somme doe imagine Malabathrum to be ye leafe of ye Indian Nardus, being deceaved by the likenesse according to the smell for there are many thinges like to Nardus in smell, as Phu, Asarum,

Neris. But it is not soe, for it is a peculiar kinde (of herb) growing in the Indian Marishes, the leafe being swimming vpon the water as the Palustris Lens in ye marishes, hauing no roote, which hauing gathered forthwith they pierce it through with a linnen thread, & so drying it, lay it vp. They say also that the water, being dryed vp by the summer heate, that the earth is burnt with the shootes of it, & vnlesse this be donne they spring no more. That is best which is newest, & of a pale white enclining to blacknesse, & hard to breake, & sound, biting the nose with ye smell & long continuing ! Cinnamomum is this plant.

Malabathrum has doubtless been so named in the belief that it

14

DIOSCORIDES,

BK. I

in the sweetnesse of its smell; like Nardus in rellish without any tast of salt.

But

that which

is weake,

and that breaks

small,

hauing a mustie scent, is naught. It hath the same vertue with Nardus, but that doth doe all things more forcibly. Yet ye force of Malabathrum is more Diureticall, & better for ye stomach, & it doth conduce for the inflammations of the eyes, being boyled in wine, beaten small, & soe anointed on.

It is put also vnder the

tongue for the sweetnesse of the breath; & it is put amongst cloaths, for it keeps them from moths, & (makes them haue) a sweet scent.

12.

KasstA.

Cinnamomum iners

There are many kindes of Cassia growing about Arabia, bearing store of Aromaticall thinges. It hath a twigge of a thick barck, & the leaues, as of Pepper; chuse that which is fulvescens, well coloured, resembling Corall, very slender, long, and thick, full with pipes, of a biting tast & astringent with much heate, aromaticall, resembling wine in the smell. Such, by the inhabitants of the Countrie, is called Achy, but it is called Daphnitis by ye merchaunts in Alexandria. Before this is preferred the black kind, enclining to a purple, & thick, which is called Gizir, hauing the

smell of a Rose, most fitting of any for Physicall vses; & that formerly spoken of is next to this. But the 3" is that which is called Mosyleticus! blastos. But the rest are of noe account, as that which is called Aphysemon, black, & vnsightsomme, & thinne barked, or hauing it full of chinckes, as also that which is called Kitto, & Dacar. There is also a certaine bastard Cassia, vnspeakably like, which yet is found out by the tast, which is neither sharpe nor aromaticall, & it hath a barck cleaving to ye medulla. There is found also a broade Fistula, tender, light, full of branches, which

is better than the other. But reiect that which is of a pale white, rugged, & that smells like a goate, & hath not a thick Fistula, but rugged,

and

thinne.

It hath

an

vreticall,

warming,

drying,

&

gently astringent qualitie. It is fitt for those eye medicines which are made for clearing the sight, & for malagmata. It takes away the Lentigo, [being layd on with Hony, & prouokes the Menstrua. Yea, & being dranck, it helps those that are a vipera dimorsi.] It is good too being dranck for all inward inflammations, & for ye Reines, for women too by Insessus and Suffitus for ye Dilatatio Vteri.

If there be noe Cinnamon at hand, then twice as much of

this mixed with medicines will doe ye same (that the other would). It is very profitable for many thinges. ™ Cape Guardaful.

AROMATICS

13. KINAMOMON. Of Cinnamon

there are many

15

Cinnamomum Cassia kindes, named

by seuerall names,

proper to the countries where they grow, but that is best which they call, Mosulum, because it doth in a manner bear a similitude

to that Cassia which they call Mosulitis, and of this that which is newest, black in colour, enclining to an ashie colour in that of wine, with slender shootes, & smooth, full of continued knotts,

exceeding odoriferous. For most commonly the discerning of that which is best, doth consist in the proprietie of the sweetness of the smell.

For there is found with that which is the best, & the most

special, a smell resembling that of Rue, or like to Cardamomum & moreouer sharp, & biting to ye tast, & sommewhat salt with heate, & in the rubbing not soone rough, & in the breaking languinous, hauing smoothnes between the knotts. Prove it hereby, in taking a shoot from one roote, for this triall is easie, for there

are somme fragments mingled, & at the first tryall the best casting about a sweet

savour,

& filling the nose with the scent thereof,

doth hinder the discerning of ye worst. There is also a mountaine (Cinnamon) thick, dwarfish, of a very glittering color. Anda third, from

Mosul,

black, & of a very sweet

sauor,

shrubbie,

and not

hauing many knotts. The fourth kinde is white, fungosum, puft up to sight, and vile, & brittle, hauing a great roote, smelling like Cassia.

The fifth sort, bites the nose with the smell, is fulvescens,

& [in the barck,] very like to red Cassia ; but to the touch it is solid, not very nervosus hauing a thick roote. Of these, that which smells of Franckincense,

Cassia or Amonum

is the worst in smell.

Chuse that which is white, rough, and of a rugged barck: but pass by that, which is smooth & woody about ye roote, as vnprofitable. And there is another thinge sommewhat like it, which is called bastard Cinnamon, vile, of a faint smell & of as weake a strength.

And it is also called Ginger being Xylocinnamomum hauing yet somme likenesse to Cinnamon. There is also woody Cinnamon that hath long, & strong shoots, but much inferior (to Cinnamon) for the sweetnesse of the smell. It is sayd of somme also, that this Xylocinnamomum,

doth differ also in kinde from Cinnamon,

as

being of another nature. Now all Cinnamon hath a warming, vreticall, mollifying, & concocting facultie. It driues out also the menstrua, & the foetus, being drancke with myrrh, or else layd to. It is good also against beasts that cast out their poyson & against deadly poysons, & it doth cleanse away, heate & attenuate the

16

DIOSCORIDES

PBK 1

matters that did darken the apples of ye eyes, and it is Diureticall, & being anointed on with hony it takes away the Lentigo, and the Sunburning. It is good also for coughs, & falling downe of rheumes, the Dropsies, the diseases of the kidnies, the Difficultates vrinae. It is also mixed with precious ointments, & in generall it is profitable for many thinges. Being beaten small, and put into wine, & dryed in the shade, it is put up for to be kept.

14.

AMOMON.

Amomum

subulatum or Cissus vitiginea

Amomum is a little shrub, winding out of ye wood within itself, in manner of ye Racemus, & it hath a little flower like that of the Leucoion,! but leaues like ye Bryonia. That is best which is brought out of Armenia, of a good colour, of a pale reddish wood,

of a very fragrant smell. But that (which commes out) of Media, because it growes in plaine & watry places, is the weaker. It is great & of a pale green, & soft to touch, & full of veines in ye wood, resembling Origanum in the smell. That which commes from Pontus is of a pale redd neither is it long, nor hard to be broken,

clustery, full of fruit, and biting to the smell. Chuse that which is new & white, or of a faint red, not that which is close and cleaving together, but that which is loose & diffused, full of seeds, like the

kernells of grapes, heauie,

very fragrant

without

rottennes

or

mustinesse, & sharp, biting ye tast, of a single, & not many colours.

It is a warming, binding, and drying. It causeth sleep, assuaging paine, being layd onas a Cataplasme to the forehead. It doth ripen and dissolve both inflammations, & scald sores of ye head. It is good also for those that are percussi a Scorpione being layd on as a cataplasme with Ocimum; It helps the podagricall, & it helpeth & assuageth ye inflammations of ye eyes, & those in ye bowells with uva passa, & for muliebria vitia, both by [Pessums] and by insessions it is profitable. The potion thereof being dranck is good for the liuer-sick, for ye vitium

renum,

for the Podagrical, it is

mixed also with Antidots, & with ye most pretious of ointments. But somme doe adulterate Amomum with [an herb] called Amomis,

being like to Amomum,

yet without

smell, & without

fruit, yet growing in Armenia, hauing a flower like to Origanum, but wee must in the proof of such as these avoyd the fragments, and chuse those which haue perfect branches out of one roote. ! Goodyer

ch. 138.

translated Aevxotov by white violet here and elsewhere.

See bk. iii,

AROMATICS

15. Kostos.

307)

Saussurea Lappa

Of the Costus, the Arabick is the best,} being white & light, hauing

a great & pleasant smell; next after it, is the Indian, being full & light, & black, like Ferula, but the third is the Syriack, heauy, of the colour of box, of a biting smell. That is the best which is new, white,

full throughout,

thick,

dry, not

worm-eaten,

not

of a

stincking smell, of a biting and hott tast. It hath a warming diureticall facultie, & with all power to expell ye menstrua, & it, is good for the diseases of the Vterus, being applyed in Pessums, either by irrigations or by fomentations. It helps those which are bitt by a viper, being dranck to ye quantity of twoe ounces, (it is good) for the Pectoris affectus, for the Convulsions, for the Inflatio, [being taken] with wine & Wormewood, & it prouokes Venerie, being taken with Mulsum, & taken in water it driues out the Lumbricus Latus. An ointment thereof, with oyle, helps such as haue ye Rigor of an ague, before ye comming of ye fitt, as likewise the Paralyticall: being anointed on with water or Hony it takes away ye Sun burning: it is mixed also in the malagmata & the Antidota. But somme adulterating it, mix the strongest roots of Commagene Helenium (with it). But ye difference is easily discerned. For this Helenium doth neither burne ye tast, neither doth it yield a pleasant smell, strong, and biting.

16. SCHOINOS. Cymbopogon Schoenanthus Iuncus Odoratus, somme growes in Libya & somme in Arabia, & againe somme in that part of Arabia which is called Nabataea, which is the best

But the Arabick is the next, which somme

call

Babylonian, others Teuchitis, but that of Libya, is vnprofitable. Chuse that which is new, red, & full of flowers, which when it is cut

or cleft enclines to a purple colour, & thinne, & smells sweet like a rose when it is rub’d between the handes, & bites the tongue with much burning. The vse (is only) of the flower, & of ye reeds, & of the root. It hath a Diureticall facultie, bringing downe ye Menstrua, dissoulving Inflations. It causeth the Capitis gravedo. It is indifferently binding. It hath a breaking, digesting, & opening power. The flower thereof therefore being vsed in drinck is good for ye Sanguinis reiectiones, & for the Dolor Stomachi, of the Pulmones, of the Iecur, of the kidnies. It is mixt also with Antidote,

but the root is the more binding, & therefore is giuen to such as haue a fastidiosum Stomachum. It is good also for the hydropicall, & Convulsions, (being giuen) to the weight of one dramme, with I Costus arabicus.

Cc

18

DIOSCORIDES

BS

1!

the like quantitie of Pepper, for some daies. But ye Decoction thereof is by Insession most convenient for the inflammations about the Vulua.

17. KALAMOS EUODES.

Acorus Calamus

Sweet Flag Calamus Aromaticus growes in India, but that is the best of it, which is fulvus, thick with knots, and which being broken falls into

many pieces, hauing ye fistula full of spiders’ webbs, sommewhat white, but slammie in ye chewing, binding, & sommewhat sharpe Being dranck it is of force ad Vrinam Ciendam. Wherefore being sod either with grapes, or the seed of Apium, & dranck, it is good for the hydropsicall, for the vitium Renum, for the strangurie, and for ye Ruptures. It driues out the menstrua also, being dranck, & layd to. It helps the Cough, being suffited either of itself, or with Resina Terebinthina, the smoke thereof being taken in at the mouth through a funnell. It is sod also for muliebres insessus, & for Infusions, it is mixed also with Malagmata, & with

perfumes to make them smell the sweeter.

18. BALSAMON.

Balsamodendron Opobalsamum

Balsamum, the tree, is seen according with the bignesse of Lycium, or Pyracantha, hauing leaues like to Rue, but whiter a great deale,

& euer more flourishing. It growes only in Judaea in a certaine vallie, & in Egypt. Itself differing from itself in ruggednesse, & tallnesse, & slendernesse, that [part] of the shrub which is thinne & hairie, is called Theriston, it may be because it is easily mowed by reason of the slendernesse of it: but that which is called Opobalsamum, is that iuyce which is got, the tree beeing cut with iron nailes in the heat of ye Dog dayes. But it drops soe little, that at euerie yeare they can get no more but six or seven Congii! of it, & a weight of it is sold in that place for double the weight in silver. But that iuyce is good which is new, of a strong smell, & pure, & not enclining to sweetnesse, dilui facilis, smooth, astringent,

and a little biting the tongue. But it is sophisticated diuers waies, for there are somme that mix oyntments with it, as ye Terebinthinum, Cyprinum, Lentiscinum, Susinum or Liliaceum, Balaninum, and Metopium, Hony, Ceratum Myrtinum, or Cyprinum valde liquidum. But such as this is easily discerned, for the ' The Greek xon was a libation, here used as a fluid measure, a congius =5:76 pints. See note on p. 26.

AROMATICS vnmixt

being let fall upon

19

a woolen cloth, & that afterward

washed out, it makes noe staine nor spot vpon it, but that which

is counterfaited, sticks. Againe the pure, being put into water or milk, is easily diffused, & turnes like milke, but that which is counterfaited swimmes on the top like oile, turning round or

diffusing itself like a starre. But in tyme, the pure, also turning thick, prooues worse than itself. But they are deceaved which thinke that this which is pure, being dropt into water, doth goe downe to ye bottome first, & afterward being easily diffusable, to

rise up againe.

But the wood which is called Xylobalsamum,

is

best liked, which is new, & slender-stalked, redd, sweet-smelling,

sommewhat resembling the smell of the Opobalsumum. Of the fruit (for there is necessary use of this too) chuse that which is yellow, full, great, heauy,

biting in tast, & hot in the mouth,

sommewhat scenting of the savour of Opobalsamum. There is brought from the towne Petra a seed like vnto Hypericum,! whereby they counterfait this fruit which you may know heereby, because that it is greater, & emptie, of noe strength, of ye savour of pepper. But the iuyce hath most strength as which doth heate most, cleansing away the thinges that darken the Pupillae, & curing the Perfrictio circa Vuluam, being applyed with Ceratum Rosaceum,

& it expells the menstrua,

& the Secundas,

& the

Foetus, & it dissolueth Rigor, being annointed on, & the filthy

matter of boyles. It is also Concoctionem iuvans, and Vrinam ciens, being dranck ; it is good also for the difficult breathers and for such as haue drank Aconitum, being giuen with milke, as also for those that are a vipera demorst. It is mingled also with Acopus, & Malagma, & Antidotums. And generally, the iuyce of the Balsamum

hath most

force; next to that, the fruit; but the wood

hath the least strength of all. The fruit being dranck is good for pleuriticall, for the Peripneumoniall, for the Tussical, for the

Sciaticall, for ye Epilepticall, for the Vertiginous, for Orthopnoeicall, for the Torminosi, for the difficultas meiendi, for them that are

a vipera demorst.

It is fitting also for muliebres suffitus, & being

sod for Insessions it opens the Vulua and drawes out the moisture. The wood hath the same

vertues the fruit hath, but in a lower

degree, Being sod in water, & dranck, it helps ye Cruditas, the Tormina, them that bee a vipera demorsi, ye Convulsi, and it expells the Vrine, & with drie Iris it is good for the Vulnera Capitis. It drawes out also Squamas ossium. Also it is mixed for the thickning of ointments. ' Hypericum revolutum.

20

DIOSCORIDES;

19.

ASPALATHOS.

Bhat

Cytisus lanigerus ov Genista acanthoclada

(Aspalathus, somme call Sphagnon, somme Phasganon,.but ye Syrians call it Diaxylon.] Somme Erysisceptron. It is a woody, kinde of shrub hauing many prickly thornes, growing in Istrus, & Nisyrus, & Syria, & Rhodes, which

the thickning of their ointments. after it is barked about, enclining odoriferous, & bitter in the tast. Spartium horridum or Cytisus any smell, which

the oyntment-makers vse for

That is good which is heauie, & to a red ora purple colour, thick, There is also another kinde of it, spinosus white, woody, without

is also reckoned

the worst.

It hath an heating

with a binding qualitie, whence, being sod in wine, & gargalized, it is good both for the tetra vlcera oris, & for the Nomae in genitalibus, & for ye Immunda

eluvies, & for the ozoena,

being

infused ;& beeing put into a Pessum it brings out the Embryon. But the decoction thereof Alvum sistit, & being dranck stops the Reiectio sanguinis, & it dissolues the Dysuria, & the Inflations.

20.

BRuUON.

Usnea sp.

Muscus, but of somme it is called Splanchnon.

Being found vpon

trees, as the Cedars, the white Poplars or the oakes: that is best

which growes vpon the Cedar, next that which growes vpon the white Poplar. Of it that which smells sweetest! & is white is the best, but that which

is blackish

is the worst.

Muscus

hath

an

astringent qualitie, hot and cold. Being good in Decoctions made for all those griefs insessus about ye Vulua. It is mixt also with oyntments made for suppositories, & with [other] ointments, for the binding qualitie in it, & (it is good) also for ye preparing of perfumes, & to be put into Medicines called Acopi.

21. AGALLOCHON.

Aloexylon Agallochon?

Agallochum is a kinde of wood, that is brought out of India, & Arabia, like to Thyne wood, distinguished with spots of a sweet scent, somewhat

astringent in the tast, with somme

bitternesse,

hauing a barck like to soft skinne, & sommewhat diuers coloured. Beeing chewed, & also the decoction thereof gargalized up and. downe ye mouth, causeth a sweet breath. And the powder thereof being sprinckled vpon it, doth serve for ye sweetning of the whole body. It is vsed also in perfumes, instead of Franckincense. But the roots of it, being dranck to ye weight of one dramme doth t Alectovia avabium is strongly scented.

3 Thyine-wood, Callitris quadrivalvis.

2 Possibly Thuia articulata.

AROMATICS

aI

assuage the moyst griefs of ye stomach, & the weakenesse, & the heate of it. It is good also for them that have dolorem lateris, &

for the Hepar, & for the Dysentericall & for the Torminosi, being dranck with water.

22. NASKAPHTHON Nascaphthum, somme call Narcaphthon, and this also is brought out of India.

But it is barkie, like the rinde of the Mulberrie tree;

vsed for a perfume for the sweet smell it hath, and put into artificiall perfumes. Being taken by way of suffitus, it is good for a vulua astricta.

23. KANKAMON.

Amyris sp.!

Cancamum is the Lachryma of an Arabick tree resembling Myrrhe, poysonous in the tast, which they use as a perfume. They make a perfume also heerewith for their cloaths, with Myrrh and Storax. It is reported to have ye power of making fatt bodies leane, the quantitie of a Triobol,? being dranke

with water,

or

oxymel for many days together. It is giuen also to the spleneticall & the Epilepticall, and to the Astmaticall. And it brings downe the Menses, being taken with Melicrate, & it doth quickly take off the Cicatrices in oculis and heales the Hebetudines of them, being diluted in wine; & for ye rotting of the gums by moysture, and tooth-ache, it doth doe as nothing else can doe.

24. KUPHI Cyphi is the Composition of a perfume, wellcomme to ye Gods: the Priests in Egypt doe vse it abundantly. It is mixt also with Antidots, & it is giuen to the Asthmaticall in drinkes. There are many waies of the making of it carryed about, in which this also is. Take one half a Sextarium of Cyperus, of full Juniper berries as much, of plum raisins of the Sun stoned twelve poundes;? Resinae repurgatae 5 lb., of Calamus Aromaticus, of Aspalathus, & of Iuncus odoratus, of each a pounde, of Myrrh twelue dragms, of old wine nine sextarios, of Hony twoe lb. Hauing taken out the stones of the raisins, pound the Raisins, & worke them together with wine and Myrrh, & pounding and sifting the other thinges mix them with these, and let them drinck vp the liquor one day. Afterward seething the Hony, till it comme to a glutinous Consistence, mix

the Rosin

being melted

carefully with it, & then

hauing pounded all the other thinges diligently together, put them up into a vas fictile. 1 A species of Amyris known as katafis like Sorbus domestica, 2 Two 3-obol pieces weighed 1 drachma or about 663 grains. I mina (or ‘pound’ of 15:2 02.).

100 drachmas =

22

DIOSCORIDES,

25.

Kroxkos.

BK. I

Crocus sativus Crocum [somme call Castor, others Cynomorphos, the Magi (call it) Sanguis Herculis]. The Corycian is the best in physicall vse, being new, & well coloured,

hauing sommewhat of white in Capreolo, sommewhat 25.

Kroxos

long,

hauing all its parts hard

to be broken,

without fatnesse, full, colouring the handes with ye Dilutuny

of

St

not

carlosum, or moyst, alluring with yescent & a little sharper, for that which is not such, is either old or macerated.

The next best

to the Corycian is that which commes from that tract of land neer Lycia & that which is of Olympus [a mountaine] of Lycia, then that which is ex Aegis Aetolia ; but the Cyreniacum & that which is of Centuripinum are the weakest for strength of all which are in Sicilie, all of them being sative as potherbs. Nevertheless because it is full of iuyce, & well coloured, they in Italie, dying Thyne wood heerewith, doe vse this, & for this it is sold at an high rate. But for Physick that which is ye formerly described is the more vsefull. But it is Adulterated with the mixture of Crogomagma beaten, or daubed with Sapa, Lithargurum or Plumbago, being beaten together with it to make it weigh the heauier. But all this is discovered by the dustiness that is found amongst it, &

by the smell of the Defrutum that it beares with it. It hath a concocting, mollifying, sommewhat binding, & vreticall facultie. It causeth a good colour, & it is good against the Crapula being dranck with Passum. It stops the flux of the eyes, being layd on with womans milk. It is also profitably mixed with drinkes that are taken inwardly, and with Pessums, & for Cataplasmes, which are for the vterus, & the Sedes.

It stirrs vp also to venerie, and

AROMATICS

23

being anointed on, it asswageth the inflammations accompanied with an Erysipelas, and it is good for the inflammations of ye eares. They say also that it will kill one, if the quantitie of 3 dragms be dranck with water. But that it may be beaten ye smaller, it must be dryed in the sunne in an hott earthen vessell, & it must be often quickly turned. The root of it also beeing drank with Passum, moves vrine. 26.

KROKOMAGMA

Crocomagma is made of Oil of Saffron, the aromatical part of it squeesed out, & made into Pastilli. That of it is good which is sweet-smelling, sommewhat resembling the savour of Myrrh, heauy, black, hauing noe woodinesse

in it, & which being suffi-

diently diluted, is of ye color of saffron, smooth, subflavus, strongly colouring ye teeth & tongue, & abiding on many houres together, & such is that from Syria. It hath a vis detergens, to cleanse away those things which darken the pupillae, a vreticall, mollifying, concocting, & warming facultie. And it doth sommewhat resemble ye strength of Saffron for it doth partake much of this.

27.

ELENION.

Inula Helenium.

Elecampane

Helenium [somme call Symphyton, somme Perfica, some Medica, somme Orestion, somme Nectarion, somme Cleonia, somme Rubus Idaeus, somme Verbascum Idaeum, the Romans call it Termina-

lium, others Inula Campana, the Aegptians call it Lone].

It hath

leaues like to Verbasculum, which hath narrow leaues (but the leaues of this) are sharper, & sommewhat long. In somme places it puts out no stalks at all. The roote (is) subruffa, odoriferous, great, sommewhat

sharpe, out of which for consition, as in Lillies,

or Arum the fairest shoots are taken. It growes in hilly, & shadie & moyst places. The roote is digged vp in the summer, & being cut is dried. The Decoction thereof being dranck, doth mooue the vrine, & ye Menstrua. But the root itself being taken in an eclegma with honye, helps the Tussis, the Orthopneas, ye Ruptures, the Convulsions,

the Inflations, the bitings of venemous

beasts,

being generally of a warming facultie. The leaues thereof sod in wine are profitably applyed to such as haue the Sciatica. The roote is good for ye stomach being condited in Passum. For ye Confectioners, drying it a little, then afterward hauing sod it, they macerate it in cold water, then passing it into ye decoction they set vp for vse. Beeing pounded, & dranck, it is good for the Excreantes sanguinem.

24

DIOSCORIDES,

BK at Ass

Re ce

See)

Mirai 7-2 33 RPP? ED) ia)

“UAW

neon’ SIN py

ahha

I UES

Oy

Uy Q

ay:

Swe

28. ELENION AIGUPTION. Calamintha incana Calamint Crateuas makes mention of another Helenium, that growes in Aegypt. It is an Herb having branches of a cubit long, spreading vpon ye ground like Serpyllum, the leaues like to those of Lenticule but longer & many about the branches, the rootes of a pale color, the thicknesse of the little finger, below thinne but aboue thicker,

hauing a black rinde. It growes in places bordering vpon the sea & vpon hillocks & rocks. One roote of it dranck with wine hath power to help those who are tctz a serpentibus.

(25) HES, 29. ELAION OmoTRIBES.

Oil of Unripe Olives

Oleum aorpiBes, which is also called Omphacinum,

is best for

the vse in health. Of this that is reckoned the best which is new, not biting, of a sweet smell. Such as this is also vsefull for the

preparation of ointments. It is also good for ye stomach, because it bindes ; & being held in the mouth it contracts the loose gummes & strengthens the teeth; & it doth represse sweating.

30. ELAION KOINON. Olive Oil That which is the oldest & ye fattest is the fittest for Physicall vses. Commonly all oile is califaciens and emolliens carnem, keeping the Body from being easily chilled with cold, making (ye body) ye more ready for ye performaunce of actions. It is good for the belly, & is of a mollifying facultie, dulling ye force of exulcerating medicines in ye mixtures. It is giuen also against poysons, soe it be taken immediately, & vomited vp againe. It purgeth, the quantitie of an Hemine thereof being dranck with ye like quantitie of ye iuyce of Ptisana, or with water. It is giuen also profitably (being sod with Rue, & soe dranck, the quantitie of six Cyathorum,

to such as are troubled with the Tormon. & it casteth out wormes. The same also infunditur especially for the Iliosi affectus, but the older is the magis excalfaciens & the vehementius discutiens, & it is a good ointment to sharpen ye eyesight. But if there be noe old oyle at hand, (then that which you haue) must be mixed thus: Pouring out into ye best vessell which you haue at hand, seeth it till it haue got the thickness of Hony. And soe vse it, for it is of equall force with that formerly spoken of.

31. Ervaron Acrias Exvatas.

Wild Olive Oil

But ye oyle which is of the wild Oliue is more binding & the second in vse for ye state of health. It is convenient instead of Rosaceum for ye Caput dolentibus, stays sweatings, & the haire falling. It doth cleanse Furfures, & Vlcera capitis manantia, & Scabiem, &

Lepras, & it keeps off gray haires a long tyme from them which are anointed therewith dayly.

32. ELaion LEuKon.

To whiten Oil

Oile is made white, thus. Taking that which is white in color, & for age not aboue a yeere old, poure it out into a new broad-mouth’d earthen vessell. Let there be in quantitie of it, an hundred

26

DIOSCORIDES,

BK

wt

Heminae.' Afterward, putting it in the sunne, poure it back againe with a spoone, euerie day about noone, vsing ye downfall from on high, that with the often rolling & beating it may be altered & foam: then the eighth day macerating of cleane Foenigreek, fiftie dragms in warme water, cast it, being thus softened, into the former

oyle, without straining out the water.

Adde also heervnto Taedam

Pinus, as fat as may be, and cut into small pieces, the like weight ;

and soe let eight dayes more passe over. But after these daies, stirre the oile vp and downe againe with aspoone. Finally, if here haue attained its end, pouring it out into a new vessell (first rinsed about with old wine), put it vp, hauing first strowed therein of the corolla of Melilot flowers eleuen dragms, & as much more of Iris. But if it be not (yet white), it must be set abroade againe in the sunne, & be wrought till it becomme white.

33.

ELAION SIKUONION.

Sicyonian Oil

By that which hath been formerly spoken, wee may prepare Sicyonium after this manner. Pouring out of new Oleum Omphacinum and of ye white (oil) one Congius! into a broad-mouth’d kettle covered with tin, & half a Congius of water, seeth it with

a gentle fire, stirring it softly. But when it hath sod twice about, take away the fire, and hauing cooled it, skim off ye oil with a spoone, afterward giuingit other water, seeth it together, & (hauing done the other thinges as hath been showed, put it vp. This oyle is chiefly made in Sicyonia, (& is therefore) called Sicyonium. It hath a facultie sommething warming, fitting in Febribus, & the affectibus nervorum.

Women

also use it, to make

them

haue a

cleane skinne.

34. Rupos.

Grime from Baths

The Strigmenta which are taken vp in Baths, haue the faculties of to heate, to mollify, to discusse, and are good for the Fissurae sedis,

and for the Condylomata by anointing.

35. Rupos PALAISTRA. That layd being fotus

Grime from the Wrestling School

which hath got dust in the Palaestra, like vnto filth, being on, doth help ye Nodos & Collectiones about the ioints, & applyed warme, helps also the Ischiadici, being vsed as a or Malagma.

1 Liquid Measure.

1 choa or congius =6 sextarii=12

kuathoi =5'76 pints. A cyathus =about ;}, pint.

kotulai or heminae

=72

OTES

27

36. Rupos GYMNASION. Grime from the Gymnasium Walls And the Sordes which is on ye walls Gymnasiorum, or that which is scraped off from Images, warmeth, & dissolueth tubercula which

will hardly be brought to ripening, and it is conducible for the Abrasiones & Desquamationes, & for old vlcers.

37. ELAIOMELI Elaeomeli (an oyle) doth flow out of a certaine Caudex growing in Palmyra, a region of Syria, more thick then Hony, & sweet in tast, which being dranck, in quantity of two Cyathi with one Hemina of water, driues out through the alvum, the Crudum & biliosum humorem, but they which take it becomme torpentes & viribus deficientes, whereof yet wee must not be afrayd. But they are to be stirred vp, & not suffered to be overborne by too deep a sleep. There is also an oyle prepared out of the fatnesse of the Germina Oleagina,! of which, that is the best which is old, and thick, fatt, not turbidum. It warmes, & being anointed on is

properly good against such thinges as darken the Pupillae, & being daubed on, it is good for the Leprosie & for ye dolores nervorum.

38. KIKINON ELaAron.

Castor Oil or Croton Oil

Cicinum Oleum is prepared after this manner: taking Maturorum Ricinorum,? as much as you thinke fitting, & drying them in ye Sun, strowing them along, as they vsed to do grapes, till the barck, that doth compasse them in, being broken assunder, do fall off, then gathering ye flesh, or pulp, together, cast it into a mortar, & hauing beaten it carefully, cast it into a kettle, hauing a tinnen cover, having water in it, & putting fire vnder make it seeth. But when they have layd asyde all the moysture, taking away the kettle from the fire, take away with a spoone the oyle that swimmes vpon, & lay it vp. But the Aegyptians because they use it in great abundance, order it otherwise. After they haue pickt them putting the Ricinos? into a mill, they grinde them carefully, then casting that which is ground into basketts, they squeese it out with a press. The Ricini? are tempestivi or ripe, when they are rid of the small bladders that enfold them. This Oyle of Cicinum is good for ye vlcera manantia capitis, & for ye Psoras, & for the inflammationes Sedis, & for obstructiones & euersiones vteri, as also for cicatrices faedas, & ye dolores aurium, and being

mixed with Emplastris, it makes them the more effectuall. Being dranck, it driues out watry matter per alvum, & it drives out wormes also. ! Young shoots of the Olive.

2 xporwv, in the Greek text,

28

DIOSCORIDESF

BK

39. ELation AMYGDALINON.

I

Almond Oil

Amagdalinum Oleum, which somme call Metopium, is ordered after this manner. Hauing pickt & dryed four chenices of bitter almonds, beate them gently with an wooden Pestell in a mortar till they becomme a masse, & pouring vpon them two heminas of hot water,

tyme

beate

let them

it stronger

drinke

it in half an

againe,

then

hour, from

which

pressing it ad tabellam,

squeeze it out, & take that which sticks, off from thy fingers, into

a spoon.

Then afterward, pouring on, into that which is squeesed

out, an Hemina aquae, which suffer it to drinck in; doe the like

againe. Four choenices make one Hemina. It is effectuall contra vuluarum dolores et strangulatus, & for the Conversiones & the Inflammationes of the same places, and for the Dolores Capitis, and for ye Aurium aegritudines, & for their sonus & tinnitus. It helps also the Nephriticos, and ye aegre meientes, & ye Calculosos, & the Asthmatices, & ye Lienosos. Furthermore it takes away spots from ye face, and ustiones solis, & rugas Cutis, being mixed

with Hony & with the roote of Lillie, & with Cyprino Rosaceo Cerato.

It doth mend also, the hebetem aciem oculorum, & with

wine, it doth doe away the vicera manantia & ye Furfures.

40.

BALANINON ELAION.

Oil of Balanites

aegyptiaca After the like manner is ye Oleum Balaninum prepared. It hath ye power of cleansing spots, lentiginum, down on the face, catricum nigritias, purging the belly also. But it is bad for ye stomach.

It is good also for ye dolores aurium,

& ye sonos, &

for ye tinnitus, beeing poured in cum anserino adipe.

41. ELAION SESAMINON KAI KARUINON. and Walnut Oil

Oil of Sesame

In like sort to ye forespoken of, is prepared both Sesaminum of Sesama, & Caryinum which is made e Iuglandibus Nucibus. But they haue the same force as Balaninum.

42. YOSKUAMINON ELAION. Hyosciaminum

is thus prepared.

Oil of Henbane

Taking

ye white

seed, drie,

new, & hauing beaten it, macerate it in hot water, as it is aforesayd

in Amagdalino.

Then sunning the drier parts thereof, which are

vnder hand, mix them with the whole, & doe soe till it grow black

& haue a strong smell, then hauing strained it through a linnen cloth, & squeezed it, put it vp. It is both good ad Aurium dolores, & is mixt with Pessums being of a mollifying qualitie.

Ores

43.

KNIDELAION.

29

Oil of Daphne

In like sort also is prepared that, which is made of ye Gnidium, the graine being pilled, & beaten ; being dranck it hath ye power of loosening ye bellie.

44.

KNIKELAION.

Oil of Bastard Saffron (Carthamus

tinctorius) After the same manner, Cnicinum is made, it hath ye like force with ye Gnidian graine, but sommewhat more remisse.

45.

RAPHANELAION.

Oil of Radish Seed

Raphaninum, is made of its owne seed, as likewise the rest are. It is good for such which by somme sicknesse haue got the Pthiriasis, & it cleanseth away the scabritias about the face: but they which are in Egypt vse it, seething it with their sawce.

46. MELANTHELAION.

Oil of Chamomile

And Melanthinum hath the same force, and preparation with ye Raphaninum.

47. SINAPELAION.

Oil of Mustard

But Sinapinum is prepared by grinding the mustard seed small & macerating of it in warme water, then mixing ye oyle to it, & straining it out together. It is good for ye Morbi Diuturni, drawing out the faultie humors from farr within.

48. MURSINELAION.

Oil of Myrtle

Myrtinum Oleum is prepared thus, taking ye tender leaues of black Myrtle, whether wilde or planted, beat them, pressing out the Juice, then mixing the like quantitie of Omphacine oyle to ye iuice, warme

it ouer the coales vntil it be sod together, taking

away that which is vppermost.

But ye more easy way of prepara-

tion is, to seeth the most tender of the leaues pounded) in water & oyle, & to skimme off that the top, & after a peculiar manner, hauing layd Sun, to macerate them in oyle. But there are some oyle first with Malicoria,

Cupressus,

Cyperus,

(after they are which swims on the leaues in ye who thicken the

Iuncus

odoratus.

But the most effectuall is that enclining to bitternesse in ye taste, & oilie, green, transparent, smelling of Myrtle. The force of it is binding, hardening, wherefore it is effectual, being mixed obducentibus medicamentis. It is good also ad Ambustiones, vlcera capitis manantia, Furfures, Papularum eruptiones, Rhagadas, galls, Condylomata, articulos laxatos, it represseth sweats, & is good for all thinges that haue need of binding or thickning.

30

DIOSCOKIDES,

49. DAPHNELAION.

Bicrr

Oil of Laurel

But Laurinum is made of Bay berries (being over ripe, & ready to fall from the tree) sod in water, for out of the Cortex compassing them about, they send vp a certaine kinde of fatnesse, which squeesing it out with their handes, they take vp in spoones. But somme first thickenning the Oleum Omphacinum with Cyperus, & Iuncus odoratus,

& Calamus,

& after this, casting in the tender

leaues of ye Bay, they seeth it together. There are somme which add heereto the bay berries vntill it be sufficient in smell, somme also mix Styrax, and Myrrhe. Now for the making heereof that Bay is best, which

is mountainous,

& broad leaued.

But of ye

oyle of Bay, that is best which is new & greenish in colour, very bitter, & sharpe. It hath a warming, softning, spiracula venarum aperiendi facultie, & of Discutiendi lassitudines. It is good also for all the infirmities about the sinewes & for the Dolores aurium, & for such as are troubled with distillations, & it is an excellent

ointment as good as anything else for such as are Nephriticall by reason of cold. But being dranck, it is nauseous.

50. SCHINELAION.

Lentiscinum and Terebinthinum

Lentiscinum in like sort, being made of the ripe berries, as & thickened before, doth heale the scabies lumentorum & It is profitably mixt with the Pessums, & with Acopa, and Medicamenta Leprica. It stayes sweatings also. Terebinthinum also is made after ye like manner. It bindes.

51. MASTICHELAION.

the Bay, of doggs. with the cooles &

Mastich

Mastichinum is made of Mastich beaten small, it is good for all [diseases] in the womb, gently warming, binding, mollifying, as also for the Scirrhi iniecti circa stomachum,

& for the Coeliaca &

Dysenterica, cleansing away the spots vpon the face, and causing a good colour. The best is compounded in the Isle of Chios.

The following chapters differ in style from the preceding ones. Locahties are less frequently mentioned ; and the quantities prescribed are very large, and are defined in Sicelo-Greek units, the litra or pound of 12 oz. and the xestes or sextarius or pint, and in almost unnecessary detail. After chapter 67 the descriptions become qualitative once more.

(31) OINTMENTS

52. MURON SUNTHESIS.

Medicinal Ointments

Seeing that oyntments also are profitable for somme diseases, either by being mixed with other Medicines, or by beeing dropped, or poured on, or smellt vnto, wee thought it consequent to make this (following) discourse of them, to which they that prove them, must looke (to see), if the oyle smell aright of that whereof ye mixture of it is made. For this iudgement is the best. Yet in somme, [oyles] this is not obserued, for the prevalencie of stronger mixtures, as in Amaracinum, Crocinum, & Telinum, as also somme others, which

are to be proved by the often trialls about them.

53.

RHODINON.

Preparation of Rosaceum

Rosaceum Oleum is made thus. (Take) of Iuncus odoratus five powndes eight ounces, of oyle twentie powndes five ounces, hauing bruised

(the Iuncus),

& macerated

it in water,

seeth it,

stirring it vp & downe, then hauing strained it out into the 20 lb. 5 ounces of oyle, cast in a thowsand not wett Rose-leaues by number into it, & hauing anointed ye hands with Hony, stirr them vp & downe, every now & then squeesing them gently, then leauing them soe a night, presse them out. But when the faeculentum is sunck downe chaunge the vessell that is the receaver,

& put it vp in Craterem,

dawbed

round

about

with

Honye. Then casting the strained Roses in Labellum, pour vpon them 8 lb. & 5 ounces of ye thickned oyle, and straine them out againe, & this shall be vnto thee the second [oyle]; & if you will, to the third or fowrth tyme powre in oyle againe vnto ye roses, & straine them out againe. For there is made a first, a second, a third, & a fowrth oyle. But as often as you shall doe it, anoint the

vessells first round about with Honye, And if you meane to make a second insertion, cast in the like number of new vnwett Roses, into the oyle, first prest out, & stirring it vp & downe

with ye

handes first besmeared with Hony, presse it out, & doe after the same manner, the second, third, & fowrth tyme, pressing it out againe, & as often as you doe this, paring off ye nailes of them, [ie. ye whites] cast in fresh roses, for heereby it becommes the stronger. The oyle doth take this putting in of the Roses to the seauenth tyme, but by noe meanes any farther. But let the Presse also be anointed with Hony. You ought also diligently to part the oyle from the iuyce, for if ever soe little heereof be left therein, it doth corrupt the oyle. Some againe (take) the Roses alone, cutting off their nailes or whites, & sunning them infuse them

32

DIOSCORIDES, BK. I

hauing ye quantitie of half a pounde in one Sextarius of oyle, & changing them for eight dayes together, & sunning them for 40 dayes, even to the third Infusion, and so they put it up. Somme doe thicken the oyle first by putting in Calamus, & Aspalathus. Somme put in also Anchusa to make it haue a faire colour, & salt that it may not be corrupted. It hath a binding, cooling facultie, fitt for irrigationes, & to be mixed with Cataplasmes. Also beeing dranck it looseth ye Alvum, & doth extinguish Ardorem Stomachi. It is also a filler vp of hollow boyles, & malignantium demulcens, an inunction, of the Capitis vlcera manantia, & of the fervidarum

eruptionum, and a lotion of ye head-ach. A collution in the beginning of the toothache. Being anointed on, it is also good for ye eye-lids that are growne hard, & being giuen as a glister it is good for the rosiones, or irritationes intestinorum, ac vuluae.

54. ELATINON.

Preparation of Elatine

Having broken & bruised the Elate, cast it into a washing vessell,

& poure vpon it Oleum Omphacinum, soe letting it continue for three dayes, & taking it vp into a basket, press it out. But let there be the like weight of either, then hauing put it vp in a cleane vessell, vse it. It hath ye like force to the Rosaceum, but that it

doth not mollifie the Alvum.

55. MELINON.

‘Preparation of Oil of Quince

Oleum Melinum is prepared after this manner:

hauing mingled

together six sextarii of oil, and ten sextarii of water, cast in there-

vnto 3 ounces of Spatha or Elata bruised, one ounce of Iunci odorati, & after letting them lye together for one day, seeth them. Afterward, hauing streigned out ye oyle, put it into a broadmouthed

vessell, and laying ouer

it a matt

of reeds, or somme

thin couering, & putting Mala Cydonia on ye top vpon it, & couering them with cloaths, suffer them (soe to stand) for many dayes, till ye oyle shall haue extracted the strength from the Quinces, But somme cover the Apples with cloaths for ten dayes, that the sweet smell may be kept in & not breath out, after they macerate them in oyle twoe dayes & twoe nights, & then pressing it out, they lay it vp. It hath a binding, cooling power, effectuall for scabiosa vlcera, & Furfures Perniones, & the Herpetae & being instillatum it is good for the Exulcerationes in vulua, and being giuen as a glister, it stays Vrinam Concitatam and represseth sweatings. It is dranck also against the Cantharides, the Buprestes, and the Pinorum Erucas. That of it is approued of for ye best, that smells of the Mala Cydonia.

OINTMENTS 56. OINANTHINON.

33

Preparation of Oil of Wild Grapes

Hauing dryed the sweet smelling Oenanthe which is of the wilde grape, cast it into Oleum Omphacinum, & stirre it about, turning it upside downe, and leauing it soe for twoe dayes, afterward straine it out, & put it vp. It hath an astrictive power, aunswerable to that of the Rosaceum, but that it doth neither loosen, nor

soften the belly, & of this that also is ye most approved, which doth represent ye smell of the Oenanthe.

57. TELINON.

Oil of Fenugreek

Taking 5 Ib. of Foenigreek, 9 lb. of oyle, 1 lb. of Calamus, 2 Ib. of Cyperus, macerate them in the oyle for seven dayes, stirring it vp & downe three tymes a day, afterward presse it out, & put it vp. Somme there are which instead of Calamus (take) Cardomomum, & instead of Cyperus, Xylobalsamum, & macerate them together. Others doe first thicken the oyle with these, & afterward macerating the Foenigreek therein, straine it out. It hath a power molliendi maturandi Apostemata, but especially it is gooc for all ye Durities circa vterum, and for the difficile parientibus being Instillatum when it comines to be drye about those places, the moyst humors hauing been formerly euacuated. Vtiliter infunditur for the Inflammationes in Sede, & for the Tenesmus.

It doth cleanse the

furfures, & ye vicera capitis manantia, and it is good for Ambusta and Perniones. With wax it gets off ye spotts of the sun-burning, & it is mixed with medicines made to cleane ye face. Chuse that which is new, & which doth not smell too much of the Foenigreek, which doth scower ye handes, bitter-sweet in tast. For such as that

is the best.

58. SAMPSUCHINON.

Oil of Marjoram

Taking of Serpyllum, Cassia, Abrotonum, ye flowers of Sisymbrium, of ye leaues of Myrtell, of Sampsuchum, of (as much) of each of these, by guesse, (as you shall think fitting) hauing a respect to the strength of each of them. Beate all these together, & pour vpon them as much Omphacine oyle as may not be enough to oversway the strength of those thinges which are macerated in it, & soe let it alone for four daies, &

afterward

straine

it, &

afterward taking the like quantitie of the same new thinges againe, macerate them as much longer for it will be the stronger. But chuse that Sampsuchum, which is of a black greenish colour, strong of scent and pretty sharpe. It hath a warming, extenuating, sharpe facultie. It is good both for the praeclusio, & ye Distortio vuluae, D

34

DIOSCORIDES,

BK. I

& it drawes out both the Menstrua, the Secundae, & the Embrya, & it doth refresh ye strangulatus Vuluae. It doth assuage the paines Lumborum et Inguinum. It is best to vse it with Hony, since it doth harden ye places with its too much binding, & being anointed on, discutit Lassitudines. It is fitly mixed both amongst ye Cataplasmes for the Opisthotonici, & such as are troubled with other kindes of Convulsions.

59. OKIMINON.

Oil of Basil

Taking 20 lib. of oyle and lib. rr & 8 ounces of Ocimum in weight hauing taken off ye leaues, macerate them in ye oyle fora night & a day, then presse it out, & lay it vp. Then taking ye leaues out of the baskett, poure in the like quantitie of oyle vpon them againe, & presse it out: this is called Secundarium, for it doth not admit a third maceration.

Then taking the like quantitie of new Ocimum,

macerate it againe, as it is sayd in cap. de Rosaceo, then pouring in the oyle of the former maceration, letting the leaues to lye & soak therein the like tyme, afterwards streyne it out & lay it vp. And if you wish to macerate it three or four tymes, allwaies put in new Ocimum. It may also be made of Omphacinum, but the other way is the best. It doth performe the same thinges that Sampsuchinum doth, but not soe effectually.

60.

ABROTONINON.

Oil of Southernwood

Abrotoninum. Putting in 8 lib. of the leaues of Abrotonum, 11 libras 5 ounces, of ye oyle aromatized with the Ingredients that goe into Cyprinum, & hauing macerated them a day & a night straine it out. But if you will make it to continue a long tyme, casting away ye first leaues, put in other leaues, & hauing macerated them straine it out. It hath a warming facultie, good for ye Praeclusiones, & ye Duritias in Vulua, expelling the Menstrua, and the Secundas.

61.

ANETHINON.

Oil of Dill

Macerate for the space of one day 11 lib. and 8 ounces of the flowers of Anethum, in 8 lb. 9 ownces of oyle, then squeeze it out with ye handes, & put it vp. But if you would make a second maceration, steep therein againe, new flowers of Anethum. It can mollifie the thinges about ye vulva, & open them, & it is vseful for the periodici rigores, warming, & dissoluing lassitude and it is good for the griefs of the Jointes.

OINTMENTS 62.

SUSINON.

35

Oil of Lilies

Susinum, which somme call [Lirinum], or Liliaceum, is thus made.

After you have mixed together g libras 5 ownces of oyle, [of Calamus 5 libras 3 ownces], of Myrrhe 5 ownces, in odoriferous wine, seeth it, then letting the oyle runne through a strayner, pour it out againe, & put vnto it 3 libras 6 ownces of Cardamomum,

bruised & macerated in raine water, & hauing suffered it

to be sufficiently macerated together, then straine it out. Then taking three libras & an half of the thickened oyle, a thowsand in number of Lillies, hauing stripped off their leaues, put them in a broade, but not deep vessell, & pouring in the oyle, stirre it about, with ye handes being anointed with hony, & soe letting them stand for a day & a night, the next morning putting it into a Pyxis strainer, but presently (when it is strained) sever ye oyle a top from ye water that is strained out with it, for it will not suffer ye water with it, as Rosaceum

will, but being heated to-

gether, it growes hot againe, and is corrupted. Pour it out againe often into other vessells besmeared with Hony, first sprinckling small salt therein, & taking away the filth thereof carefully as it gathers together. Then taking ye strained aromatical stuff out of the baskett, & putting it into a broad vessell, pour in therevpon againe the like quantitie of ye aromatized oyle as at first, & cast in together with it 10 drachmas of Cardamom contusi, & hauing stirred it well about with ye handes, & staying a little, straine it out, taking off ye filth from that which runs out. Then pouring on the oyle againe a third time, doe the like againe casting in with the Cardamomum & the salt, & pressing it out, besmearing ye handes with Hony. That which was ye first strained out will be the best, the second, the next after that, and the third the last.

Then

taking againe a thousand Lillies, & stripping off their leaues, lay them in order, & pour in vpon them the oyle which was first strained out. Worke methodically, doing the same thinges ouer againe as you did at first, mingling Cardamomum [as before, & afterward straining it out.] Doe the same the second, & ye third tyme (as it is sayd) putting to it the Cardamomum, & afterward straine it out, & doe the other thinges in like sort. But by how much the oftener you shall macerate fresh Lillies therein, (by so much) you shall haue ye ointment the stronger. Finally, when it seems vnto you that you haue enough, mixe with euerie preparation 72 drachmas of the best Myrrhe, 10 drachmes of Crocus,

75 drachmes

of Cinnamon.

Somme

taking the like quantity of

36

DIOSCORIDES,

BK.

I

Crocus, & Cinnamon, hauing beaten & sifted it, cast it into a vessell

with water, & pour in vpon it the ointment of the first expression: afterward

letting

it alone a little while, put it into little

dry vessells first besmeared about with gumme, or Myrrhe, and with saffron, & hony diluted with water. Doe the very same thinges in the second, & third expression. Somme againe make it with nothing else but of oleum Balaninum or somme other oyle, & the Lillies. That is thought to excell most which is made in Phoenicia & in Egypt, the best of which is that which smells of ye Lillies. It hath a warming, mollifying, opening facultie, of the praeclusiones & Inflammationes circa vulvam, [and in generall it is the most profitable of all thinges ad muliebria mala. It is good also for the Achora,

for the Vari, for the Furfures,

& for the

Feruidae eruptiones. It doth quickly also alter the Vibices, and makes them to be of ye same colour (as ye rest of the skinne). And generally it is of very rarifying nature. Being dranck also it expells choler per alvum, & it moues vrine; but it is hurtfull for the Stomach, & breeds a nauseousnesse.

63. NARCISSINON.

Oil of Narcissus

Oleum Narcissinum is thickned after this manner. Oil libras 30 vncias 5, of Aspalathum

Take of washed

libras 6, hauing beate it,

& macerated it in water, mixing it with ye third part of oyle, seeth it, after hauing taken out the Aspalathum, cast in 5 libras & 8 ounces of Calamus, & hauing beaten Granum Myrrhae, & sifted it, macerate it in old odoriferous wine, and, hauing mixed it, seeth it, & when it shall haue sod with these, take it off, & when it is

cold, straine out ye oyle, then taking of ye oyle pour it out againe into a vessell, cast therein very much

of ye flower of Narcissus,

stirring it vp & downe for twoe daies. Then as wee haue sayd in Susinum, straine it out, & often pour it out from one vessell to an other, for this also is quickly corrupted. It is good for the Vitia in vulua mollifying the Duritias, & the praeclusiones about it. But it doth cause ye headach.

64. KROCINON.

Oil of Crocus

Intending to prepare Crocinum, you shall first of all thicken the oyle as it is sayd in Susinum, in the very same weight and quantitie. Taking therefore of the thickened oyle into the Susinum three libras & an half, cast therein of Crocus drachmas 8 & stirre it vp & downe many tymes in a day, doing this continually for five dayes together. But on the sixth day pour out the oyle cleane from ye Crocus, & poure in againe vpon the same Crocus, ye like

OINTMENTS

37

quantitie of oyle, & stirre it vp & downe 13 dayes. Then hauing poured it back againe, mixe therewith 40 drachmas of Myrrh, beaten & sifted, & stirre it about in a mortar exactly, & then lay it vp. But somme doe vse as much aromatized oyle for the Crocinum as they doe for the Cyprinum. That is the best of it which doth smell abundantly of ye Crocus, and this is fitt for medicinall vse;

and the next best is that which

smells of the

Myrrhe. It hath a warming soporiferous facultie, whence it is that it is often good for the phreneticall, being moystened with it, or if it be but smelled, or the nosthrills be anointed therewith.

It

doth also move ye Pus, & is a cleanser of boyles, & is good for ye Duritias in vtero, and for the praeclusiones, & other ill affections therein, with wax, & Crocus, & Marrow, and twice as much Oyle.

For it doth concoct, and mollify, and moisten, & lessify. It is good also for the Oculorum glaucomata, being anointed on with water. To this is like that which they call Butyrinum, & Onychinum, & Styracinum, differing only in names, but hauing the like manner of preparation, & the like effects.

65. KUPRINON.

Oil of Cuperos

Take of Oyle Omphacine eloted one part, of rain water a part & an half.

Pour out somme

of this to the Oyle, mix the other with

the Aromata that are to be cast in. Afterward taking libras 5 with half a lib. of Aspalathus, of Calamus lib. 6 & and half, of Myrrh lib. 1, of Cardamomum

lib. 3 and g ownces, & lib. 9, 5 ownces of

oyle. Hauing bruised & macerated the Aspalathus, casting it in ye water, seeth it with the oyle till it boyle together. Then macerating the Myrrh into old odoriferous wine, macerate the bruised Calamus together with the Myrrh, & taking out the Aspalathus, cast in this mixture of the Calamus. But when it shall haue sodde together with this, taking downe the kettle strain out

the oyle, & pour it vpon the bruised Cardamomum, & that was macerated in ye rest of ye water, & stirre it about with a splatter, not leauing off till it be cold. Afterward hauing strained out the oyle, cast into 28 lib. of oyle, of ye flowers of Cyperus lib. 46 ownces

8, and

suffering them

to be macerated,

straine them

through a wicker basket. But if you would haue more of it, putting in againe the like quantity of new flowers, strain it out in like manner again, & if you will, you may macerate it the second & the fowrth tyme, for it is heereby made ye more effectuall. But

38

DIOSCORIDES,

BK. I

that must be chosen which is good, & which smites [ye nosthrills] with its sweet smell. Somme also mingle Cinnamon with it. It hath a warming, mollifying qualitie, opening the mouthes [of the vasa] good for the griefs about the Vulua, & the Nerves, & for the pleuriticall, & for fractures, both by itself, as also by being mixed

with a Cerate. It is put also into mollifying medicines, made to help such as are troubled with ye stiffe convulsions of ye neck, such as are troubled with the Angina, & for inflammatio Inguinum. It is also put into medicines against weariness.

66.

IRINON.

Iris Oil

Taking 6 lib. & eight ownces of Spatha [or Elata], hauing beaten as small as may be, of oyle 73 lib. 5 ounces, mix heerewith of water ten heminae, & putting it into a brasen vessell, seeth it till it take ye smell of ye Spatha; afterward straine it out into a bason besmeared about with Honye. Of this aromatized oyle is ye first Irinum prepared, the Iris being macerated in the thickened oyle, as 1s described below. Or else after this manner of Xylobalsamum lib. 5 ounces 2, 70 lib. ownces 5 of oyle, having beaten them as it is sayd, seeth them together. Afterward taking out the Xylobalsamum [put thereinto of Calamus bruised] lib. 9 ounces Io, the Granum of Myrrhe, macerating it in old odoriferous wine. Afterward taking of the thickned & aromatized oyle lib. 14, macerate the like in weight of bruised Iris therein, letting them alone for ye space of twoe dayes & twoe nights, afterward straine it out, lustily & forcibly. But if you would haue it to be stronger, adde the like quantitie, macerating likewise ye like quantity the second, and third tyme, straine it out. But that is by farre the best, that doth smell of nothing else, but only of Iris. But such as this, is that made in Perga of Pamphylia, & that which is made in Elis of Achaia. It hath a mollifying & warming facultie, & it doth cleanse both the crustas vlcerum & the Putredines, & the Sordes,

and it is good for the Affectus circa vuluam, and for the Inflammations

& the Praeclusions

it opens the Haemorrhoidas.

thereof.

It casteth out the Partus,

And it is good for the noyse of ye

eares, being applyed with vinegar, & rue, & bitter almonds, & for distillations of long continuance ye nosthrills being anointed therewith, & for the Ozaena.! It doth also purge ye belly being dranck to the quantitie of a Cyathus, & it is good also for the ’ Polypus in the nose.

OINTMENTS

39

Cruciatus ei, & it prouokes vrine ; & it is good for those which are hard to vomit, their fingers being anointed therewith, or being giuen with other thinges that cause vomiting. It is good also for ye Anginosi, being anointed on, or being gargalized with melicrate, & for the asperitas Arteriae. It is giuen also to those which haue dranck Cicuta, or fungi, or Coriander.

67. GLEUCINON.

Oil of Must

Gleucinum Simplex is prepared both of Oleum Omphacinum, & Scheenus, & Calamus, & Celtick Nard, & Spatha, & Aspalathus, &

Melilot, & Costus, & Mustum, the Vinacea being layd about the vessell, which doth containe the Aromata & ye wine & ye Oyle. It is stirred vp & downe twice euery day for thirtie dayes together, & then, (the oyle) being strained out, is layd vp in store. It hath a warming, mollifying, & relaxating facultie, good for the Rigores, & the Sinnewy diseases, & for those in the Vulua. It is more profitable than Acopon, being mollifying.

68. AMARAKINON.

Oil of Sweet Marjoram

The best Amaracinum is made in Cyzicum. It is made of the Oyles Omphacinum & Balininum, beeing thickened with Xylobalsamum, Schoenus and Calamus, but sweetened with Amaracus, & Costus,

Amomum, Nard, Carpobalsamum, & Myrrh. But they which make it after a most costly way, mix Cinnamon also. Hony also, & wine are taken, both for the anointing of ye vessells, & for ye macerating of the Aromata being beaten. It is warming, soporiferous, opening the spiracula vasorum,. mollifying, heating, diureticall, profitable

both

for the

Putredines,

& the Fistulas,

& for the

Aquosus Ramex, after the help of Surgerie. It breaks on all sydes the Crustas, and the Efferata ulcera, & it is good both for difficultas vrinae, the seat or fundament being anointed about therewith, & it is good also for the Inflammations of ye same, & for ye opening of haemorhoids, being anointed thereon. Being applyed to the Vterus, it moues ye menstrua, it doth dissolue the Duritias, and the oedemata in the Vulua. It is good also for the hurt sinewes & muscles, being moystned & layd on in thinne bolsters of wool. [There is also a kinde of oyle, which doth naturally & of its owne accord drop out of ye rock, of a sweet smell, cum quadam gravitate. It growes in Arabia & Italie very profitable for many vses. Hath a power to drye, & to unstop, & of glewing the sinewes together. It is good for the scab, & vlcers, it doth also assuage & subdue ye winde.

40

DIOSCORIDES,

BK. I

69. MEGALEION That which is called Megalium! was wont to be made, which now is left off, yet for all that for the Completness of the Historie, it will

not be amisse to speake somme thing of that. The mixture of this is the same with Amaracinum, but that there is Rosin moreouer

put in it,soe that it differs onlyin that. Itis gently mollifying. Now Rosin is mixed with ye oyles, neither for preseruation, nor delight’s sake, but only to colour & thicken them. Turpentine also is mixed therewith, being boyled till it leaue off to smell. The manner of boyling it, shall be declared in the Tract of Resina.

70. HEDYCHROON That also which is called Hedychroon, & which is made in Co, hath the same strength, & the same way of preparing as Amaracinum, but it smells sweeter.

71. METOPION There is also prepared in Aegypt an ointment which is called in their countrie by them Metopium, because of the mixing of Galbanum with it, for.ye wood out of which Galbanum is made, is

(by them) called Metopium.

Of bitter almonds, & oyle Omphacine,

& Cardamomum, Schoenus, Calamus, & of Hony, & wine, Myrrhe, & of the seed of Balsamum, & of Galbanum, & of Resina, is made

a mixture. But that is the best which smells strongly, & is fatt, resembling rather the Cardamomum & Myrrhe, than of the Galbanum. It doth heat & burne exceedingly, and withall it opens ye ora vasorum, it both drawes & purgeth vlcers. It is effectuall also both for sinews & muscles

which

are cut, & also

for the Aquosi Ramices, being applyed with Septicis Emplastris. It is mixed also with Malagmata & Cerats. It is good also for the Rigores, and for the Retrorsum curvato corpore convulsis. It also prouokes sweat, & opens the oscula vasorum vteri, & doth loosen

the hardnesse about it, and in generall it hath a mollifying qualitie.

72. MENDESION That which is called Mendesium, is made of Balanine oyle & Myrrhe, & Cassia, & Resina. Somme after they haue cast in all other thinges by weight, doe moreouer put in a little Cinnamon vnprofitably. For the thinges which are not beaten together, doe not yield foorth their strength. It hath the like vertue with Metopium, yet in a lower degree. ™ Named after Megale, near Syracuse.

OINTMENTS

AI

736-STACTE Stacte, is called the fatnesse of new Myrrhe,! bruised with a little water, & prest out with an Instrument. It is of a very sweet smell, & precious, & of itself makes an oyntment called Stacte. That is

approued which is vnintermixed with oyle, & hath a great deale of vertue in a little quantitie, being of a warming qualitie, aunswerable to Myrrhe, & to hot oyles.

74. KINNAMOMINON Cinnamominum is made of oyle Balanine & of the thicknings of Xylobalsamum,

of Calamus, of Schoenus, and of the sweetnesses

of Cinnamon, of Carpo Balsamum & of foure tymes as much myrrhe as the Cinnamon; and for the incorporating of them Hony is mixed. That is best approoued of, which is not sharpe, of a milde smell, & bearing vpon the Myrrhe, & thick, & sweet smelling, & of a very bitter tast. For such as this hath his thicknesse, not of Rosin, but of Myrrhe. For Rosin doth neither giue it the bitternesse, nor ye sweet smell. It hath a sharpe, warming, & bitter facultie. And therefore it doth open Ora venarum by warming, & it doth dissolue, dissipate, and draw foorth all humors & windinesse, but it doth offend ye head. It is good also for the diseases circa vuluam, with twice as much oyle, & waxe, & marrow,

for heerby it doe abate much of its sharpenesse, & it becommes mollifying.

all other

For otherwise it burns, & hardens more violently than

thickened

ointments.

It is effectually good also for

fistulas, & Putredines, and for ye Aquosi Ramices, the Carbuncles, & Gangrenes with Cardamomum, & for the Rigores Periodici, & the Tremores, & for such as are bitten with virulent beasts, being

anointed on. And to such as are smitten of Scorpions or of the Phalangii, it is to be applyed with green figgs bruised.

75. NARDINON MURON.

Nard Ointment

Nardinum Vnguentum is prepared divers waies, either with ye leafe of Malabathrum, or without it. For the most part it is mixed with oyle Balanine, or Omphacine, & for the thickening of the oil Iuncus odoratus (is added). And for to giue it a sweet smell, Costus, Amomum,

Nardus, Myrrhe, Balsamum.

That is the best

which is thinne, not sharpe, hauing the sweet smell in it of the dryed Nardus, or Amomum. It hath an extenuating, sharpe, cleansing, rarifying of humors, & warming facultie. But it is moyst & not of the thicknesse of a strigment, vnless it haue Resina in it. There is somme of lesse value made of Omphacine oyle, & Iuncus & Calamus, & Costus, and Nardus. ' Myrrha stillatitia.

42

DIOSCORIDES,

BK. I

76. MALABATHRINON Malabathrinum, [or Foliatum] hath ye same thicknings that Nardinum hath, (but it hath) more Myrrhe, wherefore it is of a warming facultie, being equall in strength to Crocinum, or Amaracinum.

[IASMELAION] But that which is called Jasme is made amongst the Persians of the white flowers of the violett, of which there being cast in twoe ownces into an Italian Sextaria of Sesamin oyle, they being rechaunged & mollifyed again, as hath been sayd in the making of the Liliaceum. The vse of this is entertained amongst the Persians in their banquets, for the sweet smells’ sake that it yields. It is good for the whole body after bathing for such as want Calfaction & Relaxation.

But it hath an heavy sweet smell, soe

that many doe not willingly vse it. [Note.

This chapter does not occur in all the MSS.

It appears td) have

been taken from Aetius.]

DAKRUA

TEARS

77. SMURNA.

Or GUMS

IORVEREES

Amyris Hafal.

Myrrh

Myrrhe, is the Lachryma of a tree, growing in Arabia, like to the Egyptiaca Spina,! wherein an incision being made, the teares distill downe vpon the matts spread vnder, but somme congeales about the stock of ye tree.

And of this somme

is called Pediasimos,

(as

we should say, Campestris) from which, being prest, Stacte is taken. Another (is called) Gabirea, more grosse, growing in fruitfull & fertill places, which doth also yield much Stacte. But that hath the Prioritie, which is called Troglodytica, from the place that breeds it, it being of a pale green, biting, and transparent. There is gathered also somme that is thinner, next in esteem to the Troglodyticall, being soft like Bdellium, of a poysonous smell as it were,

growing in sunny places.

There is an other kinde also called

Caucalis, which is exoleta, nigra, and retorrida.

But the worst of

all is that which is called Ergasima as which is squalida, & minime pinguis, & sharp, resembling

gumme

both in sight & strength.

That which is called Aminea is also disallowed. There are expressions made of these, of ye fatt, odoriferous & fatt: of the dry, expressions, neither fatt nor well-smelling, weaker because they did not take in the oyle in their making or forming. It is counterfaited by Gumme, macerated in ye water in which Myrrh was infused & mixed.

Chuse that which is new, brittle, light, of ye same tT Acacia arabica.

RESINS

43

colour throughout, & that which being broken, hath within diuers white vaines, of ye colour of a nayle, smooth, & of small pieces, bitter, sharpe, odoriferous, & warming. But that which is

ponderous & weighs heauy, & hauing the colour of pitch, is vnprofitable. It hath a warming, rheum-stopping, soporiferous, glutinating, drying, astringent facultie. It doth mollifie & open the Vuluam praeclusam and it doth expell ye Menstrua & the Partus speedily, being applyed with wormwood, or the Dilutum of Lupines, or ye iuyce of Rue. The quantitie of a beane is taken like a Catapotium, against a long continuing cough, the Orthopnoea, & the paine of the syde, & the Thorax, & the loosenesse of the belly, and Dysenteries. It doth dissolue the Rigores [in agues] [especially the quartan ones] being dranck to ye quantitie of a beane with Pepper & water, twoe hours before the fitt. Being put vnder the tongue & melted, it doth help both the sharpnesse of the Arterie and the hoarsnesse of the voyce. It doth also kill the wormes, & it is chewed for the stincking of the breath. And for the griefs of the Arme pitts, it is anointed on with liquid Allum. Being colluted with wine & oyle it doth strengthen the teeth & ye It doth cure broken eares and bared bones, being gummes. anointed thereon with ye flesh of a Snayle, as also, the Purulencie of the eares & their inflammations, with Meconium, & Castorium,

& Glaucium. It is anointed on also for ye Vari with Cassia & Hony. It doth cleanse away Impetigines [being applyed] with vinegar, & it doth stay the haire falling being anointed on with Ladanum & wine & Oleum Myrtinum. It doth also mitigate long defluxions if it be anointed on ye Pinna narium. It doth fill vp the Vlcers in the eyes, & it doth weare off the Albugines, and such

thinges as darcken the Pupillae. And it doth also make smooth scabritias seu asperitudines. There is also made of it, as there is of Franckincense, a Fuligo, effectuall for the same purposes, as wee will show heereafter.

78. BOIOTIKE SMURNA.

Boeotian Myrrh!

But the Boeoticall Myrrhe, (doth come of) the cut root of a certain tree growing in Boeotia. Chuse that which doth resemble Myrrhe in the sweet smell. It hath a mollifying, warming, dissoluing facultie. It is also profitably mixed in Fumigations.

79.

STURAX.

Styrax officinalis

Styrax is the Lachryma of a certaine tree like vnto a Quince tree. That of it is best which is yellow, fatt, full of Rosin, hauing ™ Ithas been suggested that thisis (wmocehwov, Alexanders, Smyrnium Olusatrum, because Theophrastus notes that it produces tears like Myrrh.

44

DIOSCORIDES, BK. I

subalbos Grumos, which continues a long tyme in its sweet sauce, & which when it is mollified doth send foorth of it a certaine Honyish kinde of Moysture. Such is the Gabalites, & the Pissiadicus & the Cilicius. That is naught which is black & brittle, and brannie or scurfie. There is found also a Lachryma like to the gumme,

transparent

like to Myrrhe,

but there is but little that

growes of this. They doe counterfeit it by the powder of ye same tree, which is made by the gnawing of wormes, by mixing Hony heerewith, & the Crassamentum Iridis, & certaine other thinges. Somme also, aromatizing wax or tallow in the sharpest Sunns doe

worke it together with Styrax, & through a Colander with broade holes doe press it out into cold water, making as it were little wormes

thereof, & they sell it, calling it Vermiculatum ; & they

which are vnskillfull, doe approue of it as of the right, not heeding the great vehemencie of the smell, for that which is without deceit is very sharpe. It hath a warming, mollifying, & concocting facultie.

It

cureth

coughs

&

distillations,

the

Coryzas,

the

Raucitates, & ye losse of the voyce. It is good also for the praeclusiones & ye Duritias which are in ye Vulua, & it doth driue out the Menstrua, being dranck & applyed: & it doth gently soften the Alvum,

Terebinthina.

if a little thereof be swallowed

downe, with Resina

It is also profitably mixed with Malagmatis dis-

cutientibus & Acopis.

It is burned, & roasted, & scorched, & it is

made into a Fuligo as Thus, and the Fuligo heereof is good for ye same purposes as that of Thus is. But the Vnguentum Styracinum which is made thereof in Syria doth warme and doth powerfully mollify, but it doth procure the paine & heauiness of the head & causeth sleep.

80. BDELLION.

Gum of Doum

Palm, Hyphaene thebaica

Bdellium somme call Madelcum, somme Bolchum, is ye Lachryma

of a Saracenian tree.! That which is best approoued is bitter in tast, transparent, fatt, like to Bull’s glue, fatt in insyde of it, & easily growing soft, without wood or other filth, of a very sweet smell in the burning, like vnto vnguis odoratus. There is another sort of it, that is filthy & black, of greater pieces, rolled vp into gobbets brought out of India: it is brought also out of a towne called Petra, drie, resinie, subliuidum, next in strength to ye first.

It is counterfaited by mixing gumme with it, but such as this is not alike bitter to the tast, & in ye suffumigation of it, it doth not smell soe sweet. It hath a warming, mollifying, dissoluing facultie ' The Palm, Borassus flabelliformis, is a possible source of Bdellium.

RESINS

45

of Duritias, & of turgentia Guttura, & of Aquosae Herniae, being

diluted with the spittle of one fasting. It doth open the spiracula vuluae, being applyed, & suffumigated, & It doth draw out the Embrua & all moysture. It doth breake in pieces ye stones, being dranck, and it doth expell the vrine. It is profitably giuen Tussientibus, & a virulentis bestiis demorsis. It is good also for Ruptures, Convulsions, & the paine of the side, & for ye discursiones flatuum It is put also into Malagmata which are good for the Duritias & ye Nodos neruorum. Being bruised, it is wrought together with wine or hott water poured thereon. 81.

LIBANON THUS.

Frankincense.

Gum of Boswellia

Carteri

Thus growes in Arabia, which is called Thurifera. The chief of which is the Masculum called Stagonias, naturally round. And such as this, when not cutt is white,

& when it is broken, fatt

within, & when it is put to the fire it burnes streight. Indian is both subfulvum, & luridum in colour.

But the

It is made round

also by art & industrie. For cutting it into foure-square pieces, & casting them into vasa fictilia, they roll them vp & down so long therein till they take a round forme. But such Thus as this, growes yellow in tyme, being called Atomum, or Syagrium. Next to this is that of Arabia, & which growes in Amelum. Somme call it Copiscum, & it is lesse and more yellow. And there is somme called Amomites which is otherwise white, but being mollifyed is yielding like Mastick. All Thus is adulterated with Rosin of ye Pine,! and with Gumme, being artificially handled. But ye discerning heereof is easy. For the Gumme, when it is put into ye fire, doth not flame out, the Rosin doth evaporate into smoake, but ye Thus is kindled, & by scent doth manifest

itself.

It is of force

to warme, to binde, to cleanse away such thinges as darcken the

Pupillae, & filling vp the hollownesse of vlcers & to drawe them to a Cicatrix ;to glue together bloudy wounds, & it (is of force) to suppresse all flux of bloud, yea and that of the Meninges, beeing beaten small, and applyed with linnet dipt in milk, it doth assuage malignant vlcers about the Seate, and other parts.

And it takes

away the Myrmecia at first, and the Impetigines, being smeared on with vinegar & pitch. And it doth cure Ambusta igni vicera, and the Perniones, with Adipe Suille or Anserino and being rubd on with Nitre it doth cure ye manantia Capitis vlcera, & with Hony

(it doth cure) the Paronychias, & the Contusiones aurium with 1 Juniperus hispanicus.

46

DIOSCORIDES,

BE:

I

pitch, & for other griefs of ye eares being poured in with sweet wine. Being anointed on with Cimolia and Rosaceum it is good for women’s breasts which were inflamed from ye tyme of their deliuerance. It is also profitably mixed with medicines made for the Arteries & for the bowels, & being dranck it doth help such as spitt bloud, but being dranck by such as are healthy, it brings madnesse, & being dranck in any great quantitie with wine it kills. But Thus is burnt, being put in a cleane earthen vessell, & being set on fire by a piece thereof lighted by a candle, till it be burnt, but you must (after it is fully burnt) stop it with something till it be quencht, for soe it will not be turned into ashes.

Some also put

about ye pot a hollow, brasen vessell, with holes in the middle, for the receiving ye Fuligo, as we will show in ye description of ye fuligo of Thus. Somme putting it into Ollam crudam & wrapping it about with clay, burne it in ye furnace. It is also burnt in a new earthen vessell with hot burning coales, till it bubble vp noe more, nor send out any more fatinesse, or vapor, & that which is thoroughly burnt is easily broken. 82.

PHLoIOS LIBANOU.

Bark of Frankincense tree

That Cortex Thuris is the best, which is thick & fat & odoriferous,

new, smooth, and not rugged nor skinnie. But it is counterfaited by mixing with it ye barck of Strobilinum, or the barck of ye Pine. But ye fire also will betray these. For the others being put into ye fire, do not kindle, but smoking without any sweet smell, are soe

extinguisht. But the barck of Thus kindles, & incense is made of it. It hath the same

virtue as Franckincense,

but is more effectuall

& more binding. Wherefore being dranck, it is better for such as spitt bloud, or for such as are troubled with a flux [alvi aut vter1] noduli vice subditus. It is good also for the Cicatrices oculorum, and the Cavitates, & the sordes, & being tostus, it is effectuall for

their Scabrae Lippitudines.

83. LiBANou MANNA.

Manna of Frankincense

That Manna of Franckincense is approoued of, which is white & cleane, & grainie. It hath the same facultie as Franckincense but that it is sommewhat weake. Somme adulterating it, mix therewith the Rosin of the Pine tree, beeing searced, & ye flour taken, or else the barck of Thus being beaten. But fire doth prove all these, for it will not be incensed alike either with ye like strength, or with the like cleare aery smoake (as the other), but with a fuliginous & an impure one, and the sweet smell hath a certaine kinde of sowre one mixt with it.

RESINS 84. LIBANOU AITHALIE.

47

Fuligo of Frankincense

Make the Fuligo Thuris, thus. Holding a graine of Thus with a little pair of tongs to a lamp, put it into a new hollow earthen vessell, then cover it about with a brasen vessell, being hollow

within, full of holes in the middle, and carefully wiped very clean ; then put ouer, on one syde thereof, or on both, little stones of four

fingers in height, for to see whether they burne, or noe; and that there may be a place whereat to put vnder other graines allwaies, before the first graine be quite out. And doe this, till you thinke that you haue gathered Fuligo enough. But yet allwaies keep the outsyde of ye brasen kiver moyst with a spong dipt in cold water. For soe all the fuligo cleaves the faster therevnto, that being not too hott, which else by reason of the lightnesse thereof, falls off, & is mingled with the ashes of the Frankincense. Hauing scraped off therefore the first Fuligo, doe soe againe as often as you shall thinke fitting, & withall take away the ashes apart out of the Thus that hath been burnt. It hath a power to lenifie the inflammations

of the eyes, of repressing fluxes, of cleansing vlcers, of

filling Concavities, of repressing Carcinomata.

85. LIGNUOS SKEUASIA. After ye same manner

is Fuligo made

of Myrrh, & of Rosin, of

Styrax, & they are good for the same purposes. And from ye other Lacrymae, procure Fuligo after the like manner.

86. Pitus. PEUKE.

Pinus halepensis

Pinus maritima ov P. Cembra

Pine is a knowne tree. There is another of the same kinde, which is

called Peuke (Picea) differing in shape. The bark of both of them is binding. Being beaten small, & a cataplasme made thereof it is good both for the Intertigines and for the superficiaria vlcera, & for Ambusta with Lithargyrum & Manna, but beeing taken with a Myrtle Cerat, it brings to a Cicatrix the boyles in such as are tender skind, & beeing beaten small with Atramentum Sutorium it represseth the Serpentia. And it casteth out ye Partus & the Secundas out of the Vterus, being taken by way of Suffitus; & being dranck it stops the belly & prouokes vrine; and their leaues, being beaten small & a Cataplasme made thereof, doe assuage inflammations, & doe keep wounds from being inflamed. Being beaten small & sod in Acetum, they assuage ye paine of the teeth beeing washt therewith, ye liquor being warme. One dragme of the leaues thereof is good also for the liuer-sick, being dranck with

48

DIOSCORIDES, BK. I

water or Melicrate. The Cortex Strobili, & ye leaues also being cleft being dranck are good for the same purposes. And also a Toeda [or a piece of ye heart of the tree] out of them being in small pieces, & sod with vinegar, doth assuage the paines of the teeth, the decoction being held in to ye tooth that suffers. Of them also is made a Spatha, fitting for ye praeparations Acoporum & Pessorum. And when they are burning a Fuligo is taken, good to make writing incke, and good also to be put in medicines which are good for the eye-lidds. It is good also for ye Erosi anguli Oculorum, and for weeping eyes, and ye bald eye-lidds.

87. PITUIDES.

Pine-seeds

They are called Pityides, which are the fruit of the Pines, [& of the Pinus picea,] which are found in ye cones. They haue a binding, and sommewhat warming facultie. They help ye cough & the griefs about ye brest, being taken either by themselues or with Hony.

88. STROBILOI.

Pine-cones!

The Strobili being made cleane, & soe eaten, or being dranck with Passum & Cucumbers seed, are vreticall, & dulling of the acri-

monies about the bladder & the reines. They also assuage the rosiones stomachorum ; being taken with iuyce of Purcelane, they both corroborate the infirmitie of ye body, & they dull ye corruption of humors. But the Strobili being gathered whole from the trees, & being beaten while they are new, & sod in Passum, are

good for old coughs & the tabitudines, if ye quantity of three Cyathi of the liquor of them be taken euerie day.

89.

SCHINOS.

Pistacia Lentiscus Mastich

The Lentisck is a knowne tree, being wholly binding for ye fruit of it, & the leafe, and the barck of the boughes, & of ye roote, are of equal force. There is also made a iuyce of the barck, & of the root & of the leaues sufficiently sod in water. Then after they are sod, the leaues being cast away, & the water sod againe to the consistence of Hony. Being of a binding nature it is good for ye reiectiones sanguinis, & for the profluvia alvi, and Dysenteries being dranck, & for ye sanguinis eruptiones ex vtero & for the procidentias vteri, & sedis. And generally, it may be vsed instead of Acacia & Hypocistis ; and the iuyce strained out of the leaues doth performe ye same, and the decoction of them being fomented on caua explet, & doth consolidate the broken bones, & stops the ™ Cones of Peuke

= Pinus Cembra.

RESINS

49

fluxiones ex vtero, & it is nomas arcens, & vreticall, and it doth settle vnstable teeth beeing washt therewith. The green spriggs thereof being rubbed on the teeth instead of reeden tooth-pickers,

doe cleanse them. There is also made of ye fruit of it an astringent oyle, fitting for those thinges which haue need of astriction.

90. Of Lentiscum,

SCHININE RETINE.

there commeth

Mastick

a Resina called Lentiscina,

& of

somme called Mastick: being dranck, it is good for the reiectiones sanguinis & for an old cough. It is also good for the stomach, causing belching. It is mixed also with Dentifrices, and with oyntments for the face, making it clearer. It doth glue [& fatten] ye falling haire of the eyes, & being chewed it causeth a sweet breath and doth strengthen the gummes. The best, & most growes in Chios and the choisest is that which is cleare and like in whitenesse smelling, but

to Tyrrhenian wax, full, drie, friabilis, & sweetthat which is green is worse. It is adulterated,

franckincense & Resina Strobilina being mixed with it.

gi.

JERMINTHOS.

Pistacia Terebinthus

Terebinthus is a knowne tree, of which ye leaues & ye fruit & the barck being binding, are good for the same thinges that the Lentisck is, being ordered & taken after the same manner. The fruit of it is edible, yet hurtfull to the stomach, vreticall, warming;

but is excellent to stirre vp venerie. Being dranck with wine it is good contra Phalangiorum morsus. The Resina thereof is brought out of Arabia Petraea. It growes also in Judaea.and in Syria & in Cyprus, & in Africa, & in the Islands called Cyclades. That is praeferred which is most cleare, white, of a glassie colour & enclining to an azure, odoriferous, smelling of Terebinthum. The

Resina Terebinthina doth surpasse all other rosins, & after it the Lentiscina, then the Pituine, & Elatine.

After these are reckoned

both the Peukine, & ye Strobiline. Now all Resina is of a mollifying, warming, discussing cleansing qualitie, good for ye Tusses and the Tabes, taken in Eclegmas, either by itself, or with Hony, purging what should be purged out of the Thorax. It is vreticall also, & helps the concoction,

& softens

the belly, & it is good in the

glutinating of the haire on the eye-browes, & also for leprosies with ye rust of brasse, and Atramentum

sutorium, and Nitrum, & for

eares which run with filthy matter, being applyed with oyle and

Hony, & it is profitable also for the Pruritus genitalium.

It is

mixed also with Emplasters & Malagmata & Acopa, it helps also the paines of ye syde, being anointed, or layd on of itself.

E

50

DIOSCORIDES,

92. RETINA ALLAS.

BK

FI

Resins of various Conifers

There commes moyst Rosin also out of ye Pinetree, & out of the Pitch tree, brought from Gallia, & Hetruria, & heeretofore it was

sommetyme brought from Colophon, whence also it had the surname of Colophonian, as also from Galatia, which is by the Alpes, which the Inhabitants of that place in their proper tongue call the Larch tree, which is singular good for lasting coughes, being taken in a Lohoc or of itself. They are also different in colour, for one is white, another of oyle colour, another lookes like

Hony, as that of ye Larch tree. There commes also moyst Resina out of the Cypresse tree, which is good for ye same purposes. Of that which is dry, there is somme called Strobilina, & Elatine, & this Peucine, & that Pituine. Of all, chuse that which smells sweetest, and is cleare, neither too drie nor too moyst but like wax, & brittle. Of these, that of ye Pitch tree, & that of the Fir tree doe excell, for they are of a sweet smell, and resemble Franckincense in

their odour.

The best are brought out of Pityusa an Island which

lyes neere Spaine, but that of the Pitch tree, of the Strobilus, & of

the Cypresse are of a meaner sort, & are not alike in strength to the others, yet they are made vse of for the same purposes. But the Lentiscina is correspondent in strength to the Terebinthina.

93. LicNuos RETINES.

Soot from Resin

All liquid Rosin is burnt in a vessell, containing 4 tymes as much as the quantity of the liquor that is to be poured into it. For they must (when they have cast in a Congius of Resina & twoe Congii of Raine water into a vessell) seeth it ouer a cole fire gently, allwaies stirring it till it be without any smell, and brittle & drie, &, as it were, yield to the fingers.

At last hauing cooled it,

it must be put vp ina vas fictile aconitum [that is to say, minimo picatum,] & soe it becommes extraordinarily white: but first they must straine all the Rosin, melting it that the filth thereof may be parted from it. They are burnt also without water vpon coales gently at first, but more violently when they beginne to thicken, & putting many coales vnder, & seething them without intermission for 3 dayes and three nights, till they shall haue left behinde them ye foresayd propertie. Then (as it is sayd) lay it vp in store. But it shall suffice to seeth those which are drie for the space of one whole day and soe to put it vp. And these being thus burnt are good for giuing a sweet smell to ye Malagmata & Acopa, & for the colouring of ointments. A Fuligo is also taken of Resinas as well as there is of Thus, which is good [to be mixed] with

PITCH

51

medicines both to make ye eyelids faire, and for the circumrosi oculorum anguli, & for the mucosae palpebrae and weeping eyes. And there is made of it also Ink wherewith we write.

94. PISsA UGRA.

Liquid Pitch or Stockholm Tar

Pix Liquida, which somme call Conum, is gathered of the fattest wood of the Pitch tree, and of the Pine tree.

best, which is glittering, smooth & cleane.

That is reckoned the

It is good for lethalia

medicamenta, for the Phthisicos, for ye purulenta excreantes, for the Tusses, for the Asthmata, & for the humors in the Thorax

which are hardly excreable, being taken with Hony in a Lohoc to the quantitie of a Cyathus. It is good also being anointed on for the inflammations of the Tonsille, & the Uva & ye Anginae, as also for the aures purulentae with Rosaceum, and for the biting of Serpents being layd on with salt, ground small. Being mixed with the like quantitie of wax it drawes off rugged nayles, and it doth dissolue the tubercula vuluae, & the Duritias Sedis. Being sod with Barly meale & the vrine of a boy it breakes the Strumas round

about:

with

Brimstone,

the barke

of the Pine, or Bran

beeing anointed on, it stops Serpentia vlcera. Being mixed with the Manna [of Thus] & Ceratum it conglutinates Sinuosa vlcera, & is good for the Fissurae pedum et Sedis, being anointed on, & with Hony it fills vp vicers, & doth cleanse them. With raisins of the Sun and Hony, it doth Circumscarificate Carbuncles and rotten vicers. It is also profitably mixed with Septick Emplasters.

95.

PISSELAION.

Of Pitch is made, oleum

Pitch Oil

Picinum, the watry matter of it which

swims on ye top as whey doth of milke, being separated. This is taken away in ye seething of the Pitch, by laying cleane wool ouer it, which when it is made moyst by the steam thereof ascending vp, is squeesed out into a vessell and this is donne as long as the Pitch is seething. It is available for the same purposes as liquid pitch. Being layd on as a cataplasme with barly meale it doth restore the haire fallen by ye Alopecia. The liquid pitch doth also doth cure ye same, & being anointed on it doth also cure the boyles & scabs which are vpon cattell.

96. LIGNUOS UGRAS PISSES.

Soot from burning Pitch

The Fuligo of moyst Pitch is made thus. Hauing lit a new lamp put a match of somme pitch into it, & couering the lamp with

52

DIOSCORIDES,

BKaI

a new earthen vessell made in the manner of a Clibinus, aboue round & narrow, and below hauing a mouth as ovens haue, & soe

let the lamp burne; and when the first liquor is spent, put in other, till you shall haue fuliginated Fuligo enough, & then vse it. It hath a sharpe & binding facultie. It is to be vsed amongst medicines to make the eye-lids faire, and for Circumlitiones, and

when haire ought to be restored to eye-lids ouercharged with watery humors; and it is good for weake and weeping & exulcerated eyes.

97. PISSA XERA.

Dry Pitch

The drie Pitch is made of ye Liquid being decocted. It is called of somme Palimpissa [as we should say, Pitch boyled againe]. There is somme of this that is clammie like birdlime, called Boscas, & an

other sort that is drie. That is good which is pure, and fatt, and well-smelling, and subrutila, and Resinosa: such is the Lycian & the Brutian,! partaking of the twoe natures of the pitch and also of the Rosin. It hath a warming mollifying facultie, pus movens, discussing of Tubercula and Pani, & vlcera replens. It is profitably mixed with vulnerarie medicines.

98. ZOPISSA Somme call the Rosin (which together with the wax is scraped off from ships) Zopissa, which by somme againe is called Apochyma, it being of a dissoluing nature, because it is macerated in sea water. Somme haue called the Rosin of the Pine tree by the same name.

99. ASPHALTOS The Judaicum Bitumen is better than others; that is reckoned the best, which doth shine like purple, being of a strong scent & weightie, but the black and fowle is naught for it is adulterated with Pitch mixed with it. It growes in Phoenice also, and in Sidon,

& in Babylon, & in Zacynthum. It is found also moyst swimming vpon wells in the countrie of the Agrigentines of Sicilie, which they vse for lamps instead of oyle, and which they call falsely Sicilian oyle, for it is a kinde of moyst Bitumen.

100.

PISSASPHALTOS

But there is somme called Pissasphaltos, which neere to Epidamnus, which is carryed downe mountaines by the violence of the River, & shore, growing into knobs, which smell of Bitumen. t Pinus brutia Tenore.

growes in Apollonia from the Ceraunian is cast out vpon ye pitch mingled with

PPDCH.

tor.

53

NAPHTHA

There is somme also called Naptha, which is ye straining of the Babylonian Asphaltus, white in colour; there is also somme found which is black. It hath an attractive power of fire, for that it doth draw it vnto itself from a distance; it is good for the suffusiones oculorum, & the Albugines. Properties of Asphaltos. All Bitumen hath a power of repressing inflammation, of conglutinating, of discussing, of mollifying, effectuall for the Vuluae strangulationes, & for procidentias, being applyed, or smelt to, or suffumigated. Furthermore it discouers such as are troubled with the Epilepsie beeing suffumigated, as the Gagate stone also doth. Being dranck with wine & Castorium, it drives out the Menses. It helps inveterate coughes, & such as are troubled with the Asthma, & difficulties of breathing, as also the biting of Serpents, & the paines of the hipps, and of the syde. It is giuen also to such as are troubled with the chollick as a Catapotium, & it doth dissolue clots of blood being dranck with Acetum. It is giuen also by way of Glister to such as are troubled with a Dysenterie being melted with Ptissana. It cures distilations beeing suffited, & being wrapt about them it asswageth the paines of the teeth. But that which is drie, being warmed with a splatter (& soe layd on) doth agglutinate the haire. It helps those also who are troubled with ye Podagra & with the Arthritis, & with ye Lethargie, a plaister thereof being layd on, mixt with barly meale & wax & Nitre. But Pissasphaltos can doe as much as Pix & Bitumen mixed together.

102. KUPARISSOS. Cupressus sempervirens Cypresse doth binde & coole, the leaues whereof beeing dranck with Passum & a little Myrrhe doth help the distilling bladder & Dysuries. But the Pills thereof being bruised, & drancke with wine are good for the Reiectio sanguinis, the Dysenterie, & the flux of the belly, the Orthopnoea, the Cough.

And the decoction thereof doth

the same. It doth also mollifie Duritias being pounded with figgs, & doth cure ye Polpyi which are in the nostrills. It doth draw off rotten nayles also, being sod with Acetum, & beaten small with

Lupines. A Cataplasme thereof being applyed, doth stop the Ramices Intestinorum, & the leaues doe the like. And ye pills thereof together with ye haire, being layd asmoking like a perfume are thought to driue away Culices. But the leaues being beaten small, & a Cataplasme thereof applyed doth conglutinate wounds. It doth also stanch the bloud. Being beaten small with Acetum, it

a4

DIOSCORIDES, BK. I

doth dye the haire. It is layd on as a Cataplasme, either by itself, or with Polenta for the Erysipelata & for the Herpetas, for the Carbuncles, & for ye the inflammations of the eyes. Being mixed with a Cerate, & soe layd to, it doth strengthen the stomach.

103.

ARKEOTHOS MEGALE. Juniperus phoenicea? J. macrocarpa ARKEOTHOS MIKRA. Juniperus communis? J. drupacea

Juniper, somme somine

is greater, somme

call Archeuthis, somme

is lesse.

Mnesitheus,

[Ye lesser Juniper somme

Acatalis,

the

Aphricans Zuorinsipet, the Aegyptians Libium, the Romanes Iuniperus, the Galli Iupicellusum.] Either of the Junipers, [the greater, & ye lesse| are sharpe, diureticall, and warming, & being burned, the fume drives away serpents. Of ye fruit, one sort is found of the bignesse of a Pontick nut, the other equall to a beane, being both round, & odoriferous, sweet, & a little bitter in ye chewing, called the Juniper berrie. It is indifferently warming and binding, good for ye stomach, being good taken in drinck for the infirmities

of the Thorax,

Coughs,

& inflations,

tormina,

& ye

poysons of venemous beasts. It is also vreticall, whence it is good both for convulsions, & ruptures, & such as haue strangled wombes. [But it hath sharpe leaues, wherefore, being layd on as a Cataplasme, & dranck, themselues, or ye iuce of them, with wine, are

good [for] such as are bitten by vipers. The barck being burned, & anointed on with water, doth remove Leprosies, but the scraping or dust of the wood being swallowed downe, doth kill.]

Juniperus Oxycedrus There

is a great Iuniper too, which

syluestris, somme

Mnesitheus, somme

somme

call Cypressus

Acatera, the Romans

Iuni-

perus, & it is knowne to most, lke vnto Cypresse, growing for ye most part in rough places, & such as are neere ye sea. It hath the same properties with ye former.

104.

BRATHUS.

Juniperus sabina (1) var. cupressifolia(2) var. tamariscifolia

Savin somme call Barathrum, [somme Baryton, the Romans call it Herba Sabina]. Of this there are two kindes, the one of which is like to Cypresse in leaues, but more prickly and of a strong smell, sharp, of an hott nature. The tree is but short & extending itself most into breadth: somme vse the leaues for a perfume. But the other kinde is like Tamarix in ye leaues. The leaues of either of

JUNIPER

55

them doe stop Nomas & mitigate inflammations, being applyed as a Cataplasme. They take away likewise all blacknesse & foulnesse,

103.

ARKEUTHIS

being applyed as a Cataplasme with Hony, and they breake Carbuncles round about; being dranck with wine they draw out ye bloud by vrine, & driue out the Partus, (they doe the same) either by being applyed or by suffitus. They are mixed also with hot ointments, & in particular with Gleucinum.

56

DIOSCORIDES

TA

77

BKe

f

Ek

104.

Wes

BRATHU

TREES

105.

57

KEDROS. Juniperus phoenicea KEDROS MIKRA. Juniperus communis

The Cedar is a great tree from which that which is called Cedria is gathered. It hath fruit as of ye Cypresse tree, but much bigger. There is another called Cedar, which is lesse, prickly as Iuniper, bearing round fruit as big as that of ye myrtle berries. But of the Cedria that is the best, which is thick & very cleare, of a strong

scent, which when poured out falls by drops & is not diffused. It hath a power of corrupting liuing bodyes, & is a preseruatiue of dead ones, whence somme haue called it the life of him that is dead. And it doth corrupt cloaths & skins because it doth heate & drie extraordinarily. It is good also for eye medicines, clearing the sight being anointed on. And it doth take away the albugines, & the Cicatrices. Being dropt in with Acetum it doth kill the wormes that are in the eares, and doth quiet their noyse & hissings, being infused with ye decoction of Hyssop. Being dropt into the hollow of teeth, it doth breake the tooth, but doth cease the paine.

It

doth doe the like if it be colluted with Vinegar. Being anointed about the Genitall before Coniunction, it doth cause sterilitie: they also which are troubled with the Angina are anointed about heerewith, & it doth help the inflammations of the Tonsillae. It doth kill lice & gnitts, being anointed on. It doth help the bitings of the Cerasta, a Cataplasma thereof being applyed with salt. It doth help also for poyson dranck of ye Sea-Hare being taken with Passum, & it doth help the Elephantici.

A Lohoc thereof taken,

or ye ointment applyed, doth purge also the vlcers of the Lunges, & doth cure them, as much as a Cyathus being supt vp. It doth also kill the Ascaridae, & other wormes, being taken by way of Glister, & drawes out the Partus. There is also an oyle made of that which is severed from the Cedria, by a fleece layd ouer it in the seething, as wee haue sayd in the chapter of Pitch, good for the same purposes that Cedria is. But particularly the oyle, being strongly rubd in, doth cure the scabs on beasts, & dogs, & oxen, &

being applyed doth kill the Ricinos on them, & being applyed doth heale the vicers of them, which came by sheering. But the Fuligo thereof is to be gathered, as that of Pitch, hauing the like force.

The fruits of it are called Cedrides.

They haue a warming

facultie, bad for ye stomach, but they help coughes, convulsions, ruptures, stranguries. Being dranck with Pepper beaten small,

they driue out ye Menstrua, & they are taken in wine against ye draught of a Sea-Hare, & they driue away serpents also, the bodye anointed with an Harts fatt or marrow. It is also mixed in

Antidotes.

58

DIOSCORIDES, Bet

106. DAPHNE. Laurus nobilis Sweet Bay Laurus [which somme call Danaben, somme Stephanos (as we should say a Crowne), somme Daphnos, but somme call it Mythracice, somme Mithrios, others Hypoglossion.] Somme of it is of a smaller leaf, somme of a broader. Both of them are warming & mollifying, wherefore ye decoction of them is good by insession for ye griefs about the Vulua & Vesica. The greene of the leaues are sommewhat astrictiue, being beaten small & applyed they are good for the stingings of waspes & of bees. The same also being layd on with barly flour and bread is of force to assuage any inflammation. But being dranck it doth make tender the stomach & moues vomitings, but the bay berries doe heate more then ye leaues. They are good therefore, being taken in a Lohoc (after they are beaten small) with hony or Passum for the Tabes & the Orthopnoea, and for the distillations about ye Thorax. They are also dranck with wine against ye stinging of ye scorpion & they doe away the Vitiligines. But ye iuyce of them doth help the paines of the eares and hardnesse of hearing, being dropt into them with old wine & Rosaceum. It is mixed also with Acopall medicines & with hot oyntments and such as haue a discussing facultie. But the barck of the roote breakes the stone, kills the partus, & is good for ye liver-sick, the quantitie of three Oboli being drancke thereof with odoriferous wine.

107.

PLATANOS.

Platanus orientalis

The tender leaues of Platanus being sod in wine & applyed as a Cataplasme, doe stay the fluxes of the eyes, & doth mitigate the Oedemata, & inflammations. But the barck sod in Vinegar is a Lotion for the paine of the teeth. But the Pillulae virides being dranck with wine, help such as are bitten by serpents. Beeing taken in Adeps they cure Ambusta. But the Lanugo of the leaues & ye Pilulae, [falling into the eares & eyes} doth hurt the hearing and the sight. 108. Fraxinus

is a knowne

MELIA. Fraxinus Ornus Manna Ash tree, the iuice of the leaues of which,

&

themselues, being dranck with wine & applyed as a Cataplasme

doe help such as are bitten by vipers, but the barcke being burned & anointed

on

with

water

doth

remooue

Leprosies;

but

the

Ramenta of the wood, being dranck, are reported to be deadly.

BARKS

109.

OF TREES

59

LEUKE. Populus alba White Poplar

The barck of the white Poplar tree, being dranck to the quantitie of one ounce doth help Sciaticaes, & Stranguries. It is reported also to take away Conception, it being dranck with a mules kidney ; and the leaues thereof being dranck after ye menstruall Purgation, with wine, are sayd to effect the same. The luke-warme juice also of ye leaues is good, being dropt in for the paines of the eares. But the Pilulae which put out at the first springing of the leaues, being bruised small & anointed on with Hony doth cure the dullnesse of the eyes. And somme say that the barck. of the white and of ye black poplar, being cut into pieces of a small bignesse, & being scattered (or as it were sowen) in beds that are dunged, that it doth bring foorth edible mushrumps in any tyme of ye yeare.

110.

MAKER

Mace is a barke brought out of Barbarie, of a pale yellow, thick, & according to the tast very astringent. It is dranck for the spitting of bloud, & dysenteries & the flux of ye belly.

111.

PTELEA.

Ulmus campestris

Of the Elme, both the leaues & the boughes and the barck are binding. The leaues beaten small with vinegar, & soe applyed are good for the leprosie, & doth conglutinate wounds, but especially the barck,

if it be wrapt about

like a swathing

band, for it is

flexible like a girdle. But the thicker barck being dranck with wine, or cold water, the quantitie of an owner, doth expell ye flegme. And the decoction of the leaues, or of the barck of the roots being fomented thereon, doth consolidate (by drawing a callum! over it) the fracture of a bone the sooner. But the moisture which is found in the bladders, at the first springing out, doth cleare the face being anointed thereon. But the same moisture being dried, is resolved into little creatures like unto gnats. But the new comme-out leaues are vsed for sawce like pothearbs.

112.

SAPROTES XYLON.

Dry rot

But the rotten stuffe like meale, which is gathered out of old wood,

& stocks of trees, being layd vpon them, doth cleanse vlcers and bring them to cicatrix. It doth also stay Serpentia, being kneaded together with ye like quantitie of Anis & wine, as also being beaten small, put into linnen, & soe applyed. 1 Hard

skin.

60

DIOSCORIDES?

113.

AIGEIROS.

BES

Populus nigra.

I

Black Poplar

The leaues of black Poplar being applyed with Vinegar, doth help goutie paines, but the Rosin that commes thereof, is mixed with mollifying medicines ;the seed thereof being dranck with vinegar is good for the epilepticall. It is also reported that the Lachryma

which distills from them by the riuer Padus doth grow becommes that which is called Amber, but by somme phorum, yielding a sweet smell in the rubbing, & looking like gold, which being ground small, & soe dranck, doth flux of the stomach & of the belly.

114.

KavtAmos NAstos.

Cenchrus frutescens

SURIGGIOS. Donax.

hard, & Chrysoin colour stay the

Erianthus Ravennas

Arundo Donax

PHRAGMITES.

Phragmites communis

Of the Calami, one kinde is called Nastos

of which arrowes

are

made, the other, ye female, of which are made Ligulae for ye Tibia. Another is called Syringias, of much flesh [or pith] very knotty, fitt for the writing of bookes. Another that is thick, & hollow, growing about riuers, which is called Donax, and by somme Cypria. And another there is called Phragmites, thinne, enclining to whitenesse, known to all, whose roote being bruised small & soe

applyed, either by itself or with Bulbi, doth draw out splinters and thornes. And with vinegar it doth asswage limbes that are out of joint and the paines of the loines, but the green leaues, being beaten & applyed, doe heale Erysipelata & other inflammations. But the barck being burned, & layd on with vinegar, doth cure the Alopecia: but the paniculae flos [or Cats tailes] of the Calami, falling into the eares, cause dunchnesse. And the Harundo which is called Cypria, is of the like efficacie.

115. PAPUROS.

Papyrus antiquorum.

Papyrus

Papyrus of which Paper is made is knowne vnto all. It is of singular vse in Physick for the vnstopping the mouth of ye Fistulas, being praepared, that is being macerated in somme liquor & a linnen thread being tyed about it till it be drie. For being thus streightned and put in, it is filled with moisture, and swelling, it opens the Fistulas. But ye root hath sommething of it that doth nourish. Wherefore they in Egypt chewing of it, suck out the iuce, spitting out that which they haue chewed. They vse them also instead of wood. But ye Papyrus being burnt vntil the turning of it into ashes doth restraine the fretting vlcers in the mouth & euerie part. But burnt paper doth doe this better.

SHRUBS 116.

Morris.

MURIKE.

on

Tamarix Gallica

Myrrhis odorata, Gaertner

Tamarisck is a known tree, growing by marishie grounds & standing waters, bearing a fruit as a flower, of a mossy consistence. There is somme of it, that is planted in gardens growing in Egypt, in

62

DIOSCORIDESS

BK!

other things like vnto the wilde, bearing fruit like vnto a Gall, vnequally binding, according to the tast, & serving instead of Galls in Medicines for the mouth and the eyes, & for the spittings of bloud, in drinck, & for women troubled with the Colick, & such

as haue ye profluvium vuluae, & for the morbus regius, & for such as are bitten with Phalangii, being layd on as a Cataplasme it doth stop Oedemata, & ye barck doth doe the same things as well as the fruit. But the decoction of ye leaues being dranck with wine, doth melt ye spleen, & being gargalized in ye mouth, it doth help the paines of the teeth, and the Insession is good for women troubled with the fluxiones vuluae, & the Circumfusion thereof is good for such as breed lice, & nitts. And the ashes of the wood being applyed, doth stop the fluxionem ex vtero. There be somme that make Cups of ye stock of it, which they vse instead of Cups for such as are troubled with ye spleen, as though the drinck which was giuen them out of such Cups, should doe them good.

117.

EREIKA.

Erica herbacea ov E. arborea

Erica, is a shrubbed tree, like vnto Tamarisck, but a great deale

lesse, to gather of ye flowers whereof whilst bees doe vse, they make hony that is not good. The leafe and the flower heereof, being applyed as a Cataplasme, doe heale the bitings of serpents. 118.

AKAKALIS.

Tamarix orientalis

Acacalis is the fruit of a shrub growing in Egypt, like in a manner to the fruit of the Tamarisck, the Dilutum whereof is mixed with

eye medicines which are good for sharpning of the sight.

119. Khamnus

RAMNOS TRISSUS. Paliurus aculeatus Christ’s Thorn

[somme

call it Persephonion, somme

cantha, the Romans call it Spina alba, somme

call it Leuca-

Spina Cerualis, the

Aphricans call it Atadin] is a shrub growing about hedges, bearing vpright rods, and sharp thorns, as the Oxyacantha, but the leaues of it are small, somewhat long, somewhat grosse, and soft. There is another also besyde this that is whiter, & a third hauing blacker and broader leaues, & a little enclining to be red hauing long rodds, as of five cubits, & more thornie, but the prickles that it hath are lesse strong & stiffe. But the fruit of it is broade, white, thinne, of the fashion of a little Pouch, like vnto a verti-

cilum.

The leaues of all of them are profitable, being anointed on

SHRUBS

63

for the Erysipelatas & Herpetas. And it is said that the branches thereof, being layd in gates or windowes, doe driue away the enchantments of witches. [If any take vp Rhamnus, ye moone

119.

RAMNOS

decreasing, & beare it, it is profitable against poyson & against naughty men, and it is good for beasts to beare it about them & to be put about shipps, & it is good against ye paine of ye head, & against devills & their assalts. ]

64

DIOSCORIDES,

120. Halimus

[somme

Britannica,

BK. I

ALIMOS. Atriplex hortensis Garden Orache call Damassonium,

somme

Rabdion,

quasi

somme virgula,

Erymon, somme

somme Basilion,

Bye

or ws

120.

quasi regia, the Magi Mercurii Osiridis

diadema,

somme

Sacer

somme

Caulis,

Asontir?, somme

basis, likewise

Heliostephanon,

Pythagoras

Asphe, somme

Sapsis.

quasi

Anthenoron,

Asealuri, somme

ALIMOS

Solis

Somme corona,

the Aegyptians Asariphen, the

Romans Albucus, and somme Ampelucia] is an hedgie shrub like vnto Rhamnus, sommewhat white without prickles, but the leaues doe neerely resemble those of ye Oliue tree, yet they are

SHRUBS

AND

TREES

65

broader & tenderer. It growes in maritime places & hedges. The leaues thereof are sod like potherbs, being sodd for meate. But ye quantity of 1 dragme of the roote being dranck with melicrate doth mitigate the convulsa, Rupta & Tormina, and it causeth milke in abundance.

I2I.

PALIOUROS.

Zizyphus vulgaris

Jujube Paliurus is a knowne shrub, prickly, strong, the seed whereof is found fatt, smuttie, which being dranck doth help coughes, and doth breake the stones in the bladder, & it is good for the stinging of serpents, the leaues & ye roote therefore binding, the decoction whereof being dranck doth Sistere alvum and driues out vrine, & is good against poyson, & the bitings of poisnous beasts. The root being beaten small & soe applyed as a plaister doth dissolue all new-come Tubercula & Oedemata.

122.

OXUAKANTHA.

Crataegus Pyracantha

Oxyacantha, which somme call Pyrina, somme Pytyanthe is a tree, like vnto a wild peare tree, but lesse, & very prickly, but it beares a fruit like vnto that of the Myrtle, full, redd, easily broken,

hauing a kernell within, a root diuided into many parts and deep. The fruit whereof doth stop the Profluvium alvi, and the fluxum muliebrem, being dranck or eaten; the root being bruised small, &

soe applyed doth draw out splinters and thorns. It is sayd also that the roote, hath the power to cause abortments, the belly being thrice smitten therewith gently, or it being anointed thereon.

123.

KUNOSBATON.

Rosa sempervirens

The Doggs bush, which some call Oxyacantha, is a shrub much greater than a common bush, drawing neere to the bignesse of a tree. It beares leaues a great deale broader than the Myrtle, but strong prickles about the spriggs, a white flower, a fruit sommewhat long like to the kernell of the Oliue, which when it is ripe, growes redd, but that within is downie. The fruit thereof being dryed stops the belly (the lanuginous stuff thereof being taken out, for this is naught for the Arterie) it being made hot in wine, and dranck.

124.

KuprRos.

Lawsonia alba.

Henna

Cyprus is a tree hauing leaues vpon the spriggs thereof like the Oliue, but broader and softer & greener, the flowers thereof being white, mossie, & of a sweet smell, but ye seed black, like vnto the

fruit of Sambucus: the best growes in Ascalon and Canopus. The leaues haue a binding power, wherefore being chewed, they help the vicers of the mouth, & being applyed as a Cataplasme they cure all F

66

DIOSCORIDES,

BK. I

other hott inflammations, & Carbunckles.

A decoction of them is

a fomentation [to be vsed] by such as are burnt with fire. The leaues macerated

in the

iuice

of Struthium,

&

beaten

small,

&

soe

anointed on, doth dye the haire yellow. The flower being beaten small with Vinegar & layd to the forehead, doth cause the paines of the head to cease. But the vnguentum Cyprinum that is prepared of it, becommes heating & mollifying of the Sinewes, being of a sweet smell, that it takes vnto hot medicines when mixed with them.

125.

PHILLUREA.

Phillyrea latifolia

Phillyrea is a tree like vnto the Cyprus for its bignesse, but the leaues are like those of the Olive tree, but broader and blacker. It hath a fruit like vnto the Lentisck, black sommewhat sweet,

lying in bunches like grapes.

It growes in rough places, the leaues

thereof binde, as doe those of the wilde Oliue, vsefull for such

things as need astriction, & especially for the vlcers in the mouth, it either being chewed, or the sore washed with the decoction thereof, & being dranck it driues out ye vrine and the menstrua.

126. KUSTOS ARREN. Cistus villosus KUSTOS THELUS. Cistus salviaefolius Rock Roses Cistus, which somme call Cistharon or Cissaron, is a shrub growing in rocky places, hauing many branches, full of leaues, not high, hauing round, black, rough leaues: the flowers of the male, as of

the Pomegranat, but vpon the female white. It hath a binding qualitie. Wherefore the flowers being beaten small, & dranck twice a day in sharp wine, are good for dysenteries, but being layd on as a cataplasme by themselues, they stay the Nomas, & witha Cerate, they heale Ambusta & old Vlcers.

127.

UPOKUSTIS.

UPOKISTIS ETERA.

Cytinus Hypocistis

Cynomorium coccineum

[The Africans call it Phyllesade]. That which is called Hypocistis growes about the roots of the Cistus, called of somme Robethrum or Cytinus, like vnto the Citynus of the Pomegranat, & somme of it is yellow, somme green, somme white. Which is iuiced, as Acacia ; but somme, drying and breaking of it, doe both macerate it, and seeth it, & doe other thinges to it after the same manner as they

doe to Lycium. It hath the like force to Acacia yet more binding & drying, good for such as are troubled with ye Collick, with ye Dysenterie, Spitters of bloud, womanish flux, being either dranck or infused.

SHRUBS

127.

UPoxusTIs.

AND

TREES

UPOKISTIS ETERA,

AT

esse

67

68

DIOSCORIDES, 128.

LADANON.

BKS!

Cistus creticus.

Gum Cistus

There is also an other kinde of Cistus called of somme

Ledum,

a

shrub, growing after ye same manner that Cistus doth, but it hath longer, & blacker leaues, contracting somme fatnesses in the Spring. The strength of whose leaues is binding, making for all thinges that Cistus doth. Now, that which we call Ladanum, is made of this plant. For the Hee Goats, & shee goates, feeding on

the leaues heereof, doe manifestly beare away the fatnesse of them on their beards and on their thighes, because it is of a viscous nature, which taken off thence they straine, & hauing fashioned them into little balls, lay them vp in store. Somme also doe drawe little cordes across the shrubs, and taking off ye pinguous matter that cleaves to them, soe forme it. The best of it is that which is of a sweet smell, sommewhat green, easily made soft, fatt,

vnpartaking of sand, or foulenesse, rosinie. And such is that growing in Cyprus, but the Arabick & Lybick is of lesse esteem. It hath an astringent warming, mollifying facultie, as also of opening the Oscula vasorum. It staies the falling haire, being mixed with wine, & Myrrhe, & oile of Myrtle. It also makes scars looke ye handsommer being anointed on with wine. And it cureth the paines of ye eares, being dropt in with Hydromel, or Rosaceum. It is suffumigated for casting out of ye Secundae, & it doth cure the hardnesses that are in the wombe, being mixed in a Pessum. And it is profitably put in to Anodyna, & to cough-medicines, & into Malagmata. It stops the belly also, being dranck with old wine, and it is also vreticall.

129.

EBENOS. Diospyrus melanoxylon oy Ebenoxylon verum

The Aethiopick Ebenus

is best, and black, & not hauing veines,

like in smoothnesse to an horne that hath been wrought, which being broken showes thick [close or compact], being biting in the tast, and gently binding, being layed vpon coales & burning like incense yields a sweet smell, and without smoake.

But that which

is new, being put vnto ye fire, is quickly kindled by reason of its fatnesse, & it growes somewhat yellow [when rubd] on a whetstone. There is another called, Indian, hauing streakes of white and yellow running between, as likewise many spots. But the former is the better. Somme sell ye wood of Sesamon & of Acanthus (because they are somewhat like), for Ebenus. But they are knowne by this:—they are hollow like a spunge, & are resolued

ROSES

69

into small pieces inclining to a purple colour, hauing nothing biting in the taste, nor smelling sweet in ye burning. Ebenus hath the power of cleansing away such things as darcken the Pupillae Oculi, & it is good for old fluxes and pustles. But if any, making a Coticula! of it, vse it to rub Collyries on it, it will

worke the better. It is made also into or dust thereof being steeped in Chian being carefully beaten, & soe digested beating of it first, then sift it, & then manner. Somme vse water instead of

eye-medicines, the scraping wine a day & a night, then into Collyries. But somme order the rest in that same wine. It is burnt also ina

raw earthen vessell till it becomme coales, & it is washed as burnt

[black] lead. And such as this is good for the scabrities Oculorum, & for the Arridae Lippitudines.

130. Rodon

RHODON.

Rosa lutea

{of the Latins, Rosa] doth coole & binde, but they which

are dryed doe binde more. The iuice must be prest out of them whilst they are yet but young, cutting off first that which is called the Naile, which is the white that is in the leafe, but the rest must

be beaten and pownded in ye shade in a mortar till it grow thick, & soe be set up for eye salves. The leaues too are dryed in the shade, which must

be turned ouer now

they should putrifie or grow mustie.

& then, least otherwise

The straining of the drye

Roses sod in wine is good for the head-ach, for the eyes, the eares,

ye gummes, for ye paine of ye seat, of the Intestinum rectum, of the Vulua, being anointed on with a feather or washt ouer with it. The same without straining, being bruised & sod, applyed, are good for the inflammations of the Hypocondria, & the moistnesse of the stomach, & the Erysipelata: being dryed and beaten small, they are sprinkled on the thighes. And they are put in the Compositions called Antherae and in wound Antidots. They are burnt also for medicines to make the eye-lids looke faire. But the flower that is found in the middest of the Roses, being dryed & sprinkled on, is good for the fluxes of the Gummes. The heads being dranck doe stop a loose belly and the spitting of bloud.

131.

RHODIDES.

Pomanders of Roses

Pomanders of Roses, which they call Rhodides, are made after this fashion. Of fresh Roses, which beginne to fade, before they have

taken any wett, dragms 40: of Indian Nard, ten dragms, of Myrrh six dragms. These being beaten small are made into little balls, of the weight of three Oboli, and they are dryed in the shade, I Coticula = a small mortar.

DIOSCORIDES,

BK.

I

TREES

71

and layd vp in vase fictili non picato, close stopped round about. Somme adde also of Costus 2 dragms, & as much of Illyrick Iris, mixing also Chian wine with Hony. The use of it is to be put about women’s necks instead of necklaces, dulling the vnsauourie smell of the sweat. They vse the same also being beaten small in medicines made to represse the sweat, & in ointments to anoint withall after bathing, & being dryed in, they are washed off with cold water.

132.

LuKION. Rhammus infectorius, Sibth. Yellow-berry Buckthorn

Lycium (which somme call Pyxacantha), is a thornie tree, hauing rods of three cubits, or longer, about which the leaues grow thick, like vnto Box. It hath a black fruit, like Pepper, bitter,

thick, smooth, and a pale barck like to Lycium being moistned, and many roots, winding and woody. It growes very much in Cappadocia and Lycia & in many other places. It loues rough places. The iuice is drawen out, the leaues with ye shrubbie stuff being beaten together, and macerated together for many daies, then being sod, and the woodie matter thereof cast away, and the liquor sod againe, till it comme to the consistence of Hony. It is counterfaited, ye lees of oile being mixed with it in the seething, or the iuice of Wormewood, or an oxes gall. The froth, which swims on the top in the seething being taken away, lay it vp for eye medicines, but vse the rest for other purposes. There is likewise a luice made

of the fruit, pressed

out, and

sunned.

But

that

Lycium is ye best which takes fire, and, as it is quenched, hauing a red foame, outwardly black, but when it is cut, yellow, not of a stinking smell, binding with bitternesse, of the colour of Saffron, such as is the Indian, better than the rest, & more effectuall. It

hath a binding facultie, and it doth remooue those thinges which darken ye Pupillae. It doth also heale the scabs on the eye-lids, and their itching, and old fluxes. It is good also ad aures purulentas, & for the Tonsillae, and vlcery gummes, and chapt lips, and chaps in ye seats, and the affritus sedis, being anointed on. It is good also for such as are troubled with ye colick, and Dysenterie, being either drank or giuen by way of glister. It is giuen also in water to such as spit bloud, and to such as are troubled with ye cough, and to such as are bitten with a mad dogge, swallowed downe like pills, or dranck with water. It doth also make the hair looke yellow. It doth also heale the Reduviae, and the Herpeta and putrifying vlcers. It doth also stop fluxum muliebrem. And it

72

DIOSCORIDES,

BK. I

doth help such as are bitten by mad beasts, being dranck either with milke, or swallowed downe like pills. It is sayd also that the Indian Lycium, is made of the shrub which is called Lonchitis. It is a kinde of thorne, that hath vpright rods, three cubits long or more, growing many out of ye bottomme, thicker than the bush, the barck when it is broken looking red, but the leaues are like to those of the Oliue tree. The whereof being sod in vinegar, & soe dranck, is sayd to cure the inflammations of the spleen, and ye Morbus regius and to expell women’s courses. The same also being raw, & beaten small, & soe dranck is sayd to haue the like effect.

Two Mystra! of the seed being taken in drinke, doe purge out watrie matter, and is a remedie against deadly medicines.

133.

AKAKIA.

Acacia vera

Acacia growes in Egypt. It isa Thorne, growing well neere to the bignesse of a tree, hauing many boughes ; which growes not vpright, hauing a white flower, but the fruit of it lying in cods as that of the Lupin, from which is prest out a iuice, this, dryed in the shade,

lookes black if it be made of the ripe fruit, but of a pale yellow if it be made of the vnripe. Chuse that which is a little yellow, sweet smelling, as farre as is fitt in Acacia. Somme also iuice the leaues together with ye fruit, there is also a gum that comes out of this Spina (thorn). It hath a binding, cooling qualitie. The iuice thereof is good for eye diseases, Erysipelata, creeping sores, the Perniones, the Pterygia, and vlcers of the mouth, and the falling downe of the eyes. It stops also the fluxum muliebrem, as also the procidentias vuluae, as also it bindes a loose belly, being dranck or taken by way of glister, and it dyes the haire black. It is also washt for eye diseases being beaten with water, that which is concreted on being poured out vntill the water remaine cleane, and soe it is made vp into little balls. It is burnt also in a raw earthen vessell in the furnace, till the vessell itself be thoroughly

burned. It is also burnt on the coales, the fire being kept kindled with the bellowes. But the decoction of Spina doth close together loose ioints being fomented on. The gumme of that Spina is the best, that is Vermiculatum, resembling glasse, transparent, not woody ; next to this, is that which is white, but that which is of a Rosiny substance & fowle, is vnprofitable. It hath a power of stopping the pores, of dulling the strength of sharp medicines wherewith it is mixed, as also being dawbed on with an Egge, it

doth not suffer Ambusta to breake out into Pustules. ' 4 mustra = 1 cyathus.

TREES

73

Spartium Scorpius Another Acacia growes in Cappadocia & in Pontus, like to the Aegyptian, but a great deale smaller, growing low, & being tenderer, beset round with prickles cross-wise, & hauing leaues like to Rue. But in the Autumn it beares a seed somewhat less than ye Lentill, in Cods ioined together, each of them containing 3 or

foure seeds apiece. The iuice also of this, being drawne out of the whole plant doth binde, but yet it is of lesse strength, being vnprofitable to be put in any eye medicines.

134. AMORGE.

Amurca

This chapter was obviously intended to follow chapter 140 on Amurca is the Sediment of the oyle being pressed out, which sod in a vessell of Cyprian brass to the consistence of Hony, binde, being effectuall for the same purposes that Lycium moreouer,

for tooth

aches

& woundes,

being anointed

Oil. being doth is, &

on

with

wine, or vinegar, or honyed wine. It is mixed also with medicines that are good for the eyes, and for stopping the Pores. But growing old it becommes the better. Being taken by way of Infusion, it is good for the Seate, for the Genitall, & exulcerated

vuluaes.

It

drawes out corrupted teeth also, with Omphacine, being sod to the Consistence of Hony, & soe smeared about them. It heales also the scab of beasts, with the decoction of Lupines and Chamaeleon anointed on, but taken without seething and new, it doth profitt

such as are troubled with the gout in their feet and ioints in a warme fomentation. Being put into a fleece, and soe layd on vpon such as haue the dropsie, it doth represse their swelling.

135. Vitex barren,

AGNOS.

[Somme somme

Vitex Agnus-castus.

call it Agonon, Lygon,

quasi

Chaste-tree

as we should say vnfruitfull or vimen,

somme

Amictomiaenon,

somme Tridactylon, ye Magi Semnon, quasi venerandum, somme call it Sanguis Ibis, the Aegyptians call it Sum, the Romans Salix marina, others call it Piper agreste, somme Ligusticum] is a shrub neere as high as a tree, growing neere and in waterish fields, & in rough and vneven places, bearing long spriggs, and hard to be broken, but leaues are like those of ye Oliue Tree, yet

tenderer & greater. Somme of them beare a white flower enclining to purple, others a purple flower, but the seed, as of Pepper. It hath a warming, binding facultie, but ye fruit of it being dranck, doth help such as are stung with Serpents, the Spleneticall, and hydropsicall. It both brings downe the milke, and expells ye menstrua, being dranck to ye quantity of a dragme in wine. It destroys generation, it annoies the head, drawing on a deep sleep.

74

DIOSCORIDES,

BK. I

The decoction of the herb and of the seed is good by insession for ye griefs and inflammations about the wombe. The seed being dranck with Pulegium, and being suffumigated, and applyed, causeth purgation, it doth dissolue head-aches, being applyed as a

yh

HfW\| A

Nosy

we |

2R

S

AY,

cataplasme and it is gently poured with vinegar & oyle vpon the Lethargicall & Phreneticall. And the leaues, being either suffumigated, or strawed vnder, doe driue away venemous

beasts, and

being layd on Cataplasme-wise vpon such as are stung by such, it doth help them. Being applyed with butter & Vine leaves, they doe mollifie the Duritias Testium. The seeds thereof being smeared on with water, doe lessify the chaps in ye seate, & with the leaues it doth heale disjointures & wounds, & it is thought to be a preseruative from gallings, if any (as he trauailes) hold a rod thereof in his hand. It is called Agnus, because in the sacrifices of Ceres the chast matrons did vse it for a strawing vnder them, & it is called Lygos, that is, Vimen, because of ye difficultie of breaking the rods thereof.

TREES 136. ITEA.

75

Salix sp. Cynodon dactylon Pers. Willow

Salix is a tree knowne to all whose fruit and leaues & barck & juice haue an astringent qualitie. The leaues being beaten small, & dranck with a little pepper & wine doe help such as are troubled with the Iliaca Passio. Being taken of themselues with water they cause inconception. The fruit being dranck is good for such as spitt blood, & the barck doth doe for the same.

Being burnt, &

macerated in vinegar, it takes away the calli & the clavi, being anointed on them.

But the iuice out of ye leaues & barck, being

warmed with Rosaceum in a cup of Malum Punicum, doth help ye griefs of the eares, and the decoction of them is an excellent fomentation for ye Gout. It doth also cleanse away scurfe. There is a iuice also taken of it at ye tyme of its flowring, the barck being cut, for it is found concreted within.

It hath a power of cleansing

away such thinges as darken ye Pupillae.

137. AGRIELAIA. The

wilde

Olive

Olea Oleaster.

tree, which

somme

Wild Olive

call Cotinon,

somme

the

Aethiopick Olive tree, hath leaues of an astringent nature, which being beaten small, & soe layd on, haue a power of restraining of Erysipelata, of Herpetae, of Epinyctidae, of Carbunculi, of Nomae, of Reduviae, & take away the crust [or scurf of wounds & sores] being layd on with Hony. They doe also cleanse foule vlcers, & they dispell the Pain & Inflammations being applyed with Hony, they agglutinate the skin that is rent from the head. They doe also heale the vicers in the mouth, & the Apthae, being chewed, & the

iuice of them & the decoction doth doe the same. The iuice being applyed doth stay the eruption of the blood, and ye fluxum muliebrem,

and the Staphylomata

in ye eyes, and

ye Pustulas,

moreover the ulcers and old distillations. Wherefore, if they be put into Collyries they are good for the erosions of the eye-lidds. But to get out ye iuice you must beate the leaues small, and pouring in wine or water, straine it out, and hauing dryed it in the sunne, make it vp into little balls. But that which is strained out with wine is farre stronger & fitter to be layd vp in store, than that which is strained out with water. It is good also for matterie & vicerous eares. The leaues being smeared on with barly meale are good for ye Coeliaci. The leaues also (& it doth serue instead of Spodium) are burnt together with the flowers in a raw earthen vessell,

whose

mouth

thoroughly baked.

must

be well

luted,

till the

vessell

be

Afterward they are quenched with wine, &

76

DIOSCORIDES,

BK. I

being kneaded together againe with wine, they are burnt after ye same manner, afterwards they are washt as Cerussa is, and made

vp into balls. But it seems that such burning as this doth comme nothing short of Spodium for eye medicines, wherefore it is to be thought to be of equall strength.

138. ELAIA.

Olea Europaea.

Olive

The leaues of the Olea Sativa are good for ye same purposes, but are of lesse strength, whence they are better for eye medicines, in respect of their mildnesse. But the moisture which comes out of ye green wood thereof when burnt, doth heale the Furfures, & ye Scabiem, and the Lichenas by being anointed thereon; and ve fruit of them, being applyed as a Cataplasme, doth heale ye furfures & ye Nomas. But that which is within the Nucleus, with Adeps and Farina, doth pull off scabious nailes.

139.

ELAIA KOLUMBADES.

Pickled Olives

Pickled Olives, being beaten small, & applyed as a Cataplasme will not suffer burnings to grow into blisters, & they doe cleanse foule vlcers, but the liquor of them out of ye brine by collution doth strengthen ye gumms and strengthen loose teeth. The Oliue which is of a pale yellow & new, is naught for the belly, but good for the stomach. But that which is black and ripe, is easily corrupted and bad for the stomach, as also hurtfull to the eyes, as

also causing head-ach. But being roasted and soe applyed as a Cataplasme, it staies the Nomae, & doth emarginate Carbuncles.

140. Oil of Wild Olive But the oyle of the wilde Olive is a collution for moist rotten gummes & a settler of wagging teeth. And ye fomentation of it, being warmed & colluted, is a fitt medicine for rheumatick gummes ; but wool must be placed round about by an instrument dipt into the oyle, & soe applyed to the gummes, till they looke white.

141.

DAKRUON

ELAIAS AITHIOPIKES.

Elaeagnus spinosa

Tears of the Ethiopian Olive The Lachryma of the Aethiopick olive tree, doth in a manner resemble Scammonie, of a deep yellow, consisting of little drops of a biting nature. But that which is like gumme and Ammoniacum, blackish, & not biting in ye tast, is vnusefull.

The Oliue tree,

& wild Oliue tree doe beare such a kinde of teare with vs. It is good for ye dullnes of the sight, & being anointed on it doth cleanse the Cicatrices and the Albugines of the eyes, and it doth move the vrine and the menses, and it is effectuall for ye paine of teeth being

TREES

put into their concavitie.

a7

It is reckoned also amongst medicines

that are destructiue, and it doth expell the Partus, and it doth cure

the Impetigines, and the Lepra. The wilde Oliue tree also is called ye Aethiopicall Olive tree.

142.

DRus.

Quercus Aegilops.

Dyer’s Oak

Each part of the oake hath an astrictiue power, but that filme bindes most which lyes between ye barck & ye stock, as likewise that which is vnder the Cup of the acorne. But ye decoction of them is giuen to ye Coeliaci and ye Dysentericall & to ye bloodspitters, and being beaten small they are put in Pessums for women troubled with ye flux of ye wombe.

143. BaLANnol.

Acorns

The Acornes also produce the same effects, they are also vreticall, being eaten for meat, they cause the head-ach & are windie, but

being eaten they help poysnous bitings. And the decoction of them & of the Barck help Toxicum, being dranck with Cowes milke. But the vnripe ones being beaten small, and soe layd on as a Cataplasme doe asswage inflammations, and with swines grease salted, they are good for ye malignae duritiae, and for ye malefica vicera, but they of the Ilex are of greater strength, than those of ye Oake.

144. PRINOS.

PHEGOS. Quercus Aesculus Quercus coccifera. Kermes Oak

Fegus & Ilex, being both a kinde of Oake, worke the like effects,

but ye barck of the roote of the Ilex being sod in water till it becommes tender and rotten, & being layd on for a whole night, doth dye the haire black, being first made cleane with Cimolian earth; the leaues of all of them being bruised and beaten small, doe

help Oedemata, and doe strengthen the feeble parts.

FRUILTS 145. The Sardian

Acornes,

OF TREES

KASTANA.

Castanea vesca

which somme

call Lopima,

or Castana, or

Mota, or Juppiter’s Acornes, being binding too, are operative of the like effects, & especially the tunicles which are between the flesh & ye shell, but ye flesh is good for such as haue dranck Ephemerum.

146. KEKIDES.

Oak Galls

Galla is a fruit of the Oake, somme of it is called Omphacitis, little,

knobby, heavy, without an hole, but the other is smooth & light and hauing an hole in it, but the Omphacitis ought to be chosen,

78

DIOSCORIDES,

BK. I

being ye most effectuall: either of them doe strongly binde. Being beaten small, they stay the excrescencies of ye flesh and stop the fluxes of the gummes, and of the Columella, as also ye exulcerations

of ye mouth. That which is in the middle of them, being put into the hollownesse of teeth, doth ease the paines. Being layd vpon hott coales till they be set on fire, and quenched either with wine or vinegar, or brine made of vinegar, soe they becomme stanchers of bloud. The decoction of them is good by insession, for ye procidentes vuluas & ye fluxes. They doe also make the haire black, being macerated in vinegar, or water. They are good also for ye Coeliaci & ye dysentericall, being beaten small and soe anointed on, or dranck with wine or water as also being mingled with sawce,

or first sod whole in water with which you must seeth sommething else too, of things that are good for them. And generally where there is need to binde or to stop or to drie, there you ought to make vse of them.

147.

Rous.

Rhus Coriaria.

Tanning Sumach

Rhus which is sprinckled amongst sawces, and which somme call Erythrum, is the fruit of that which is called Rhus Coriaria, which

is soe called, because Tanners doe vse it for ye thickning of their hydes. It is but a little tree growing upon rocks, as it were two cubits high, on which ye leaues are sommewhat long, sommewhat red, jagged round about; but the fruit is like to little bunches of grapes, thick according to ye bignesse of ye Terebinth, somewhat broad, of which that which compasseth ye fruit about is very vsefull. The leaues haue a binding facultie, good for ye same purposes that Acacia is. The decoction dyes ye hair black, & it is a glister for Dysenteries, & a potion, & an insession, and an instillation of matterie eares: the leaues being layd on as a Cataplasme, with Vinegar or Hony, doe stay Pterygia, & Gangraens. And ye juice of ye dryed leaues, being sod with water, to ye consistence of Hony are availeable for as many thinges as Lycium is. And ye fruit likewise doth doe ye same things, being food, in mixing it with ye meate for ye Coeliaci, and Dysenterici, being applyed as a Cataplasme with water, it keeps from inflammation, fractures, desqua-

mations or peelings, blewnesse of wounds. It cleanseth the roughness of ye tongue with Hony. It staies ye flux called ye whites, & cures ye Haemorrhoids being layd on with Oaken coales beaten small. And ye liquor of this being sod gathers a creame, being better for the sayd purposes than ye fruit. It leaves also a gumme, which is put into ye Concauities of teeth to take away their paine.

FRUIT TREES

79

148. PHOINIX. Phoenix dactylifera Date Palm The Palme tree growes in Egypt. The fruit is gathered in the Autume ye ripening tyme being half ouer, like to ye Arabick Myrobalan,

& it is called Poma,

of a green colour, like vnto

a

Cydonium in smell, but if it be let alone till it comme to ye full ripenesse, it becommes Phoenicobalanus. It is sour, binding, being dranck with hard wine, for the Alvi profluvia, and ye fluxus muliebris. It stops the Haemorrhoids also, and glues wounds together being anointed on. But ye Phoenicobalani, are more binding than ye drie. But they cause the head-ach, & being eaten in too great abundance with meate, they inebriate. The drie being eaten with meate, are good for blood-spitters, the stomachici, dissenterici. And being beaten small with Cydonium, and Ceratum Oenanthinum, being anointed on for ye griefs about ye bladder; but especially the Caryotae being eaten doe heale ye asperities of ye Arteries.

149.

PHOINIKES THEBAIKAI. Hyphaene coriacea Doum Palm

The decoction of the Thebaean Palm being dranck doth allay the burning heate of a feaver, & being taken with old Hydromel, doth restore the strength, & ye same being eaten with meate doe performe ye same. There is also made a wine of them of ye same facultie with ye fruit. And the decoction of them being dranck of itself, and gargarized vp & downe, is strongly astringent and binding. But the Nuclei of ye Dates are burnt in a new earthen vessell, as all others are, then being quenched they are washed in wine, & soe they serue well instead of Spodium to make the Palpebrae faire, and if they be not sufficiently burnt, they must be soe serued againe. They haue an astringent facultie & of stopping the Pores, beeing good for the pustles in the eyes, for ye Staphylomata, for ye defluvium Palpebrarum, hauing somme Nard mixed with them, & with wine they stay the excrescencies

of ye flesh, and bring vlcers to a Cicatrix. Chamaerops humilis But those Nuclei are ye best which comme out of Egypt, which

are of ye low-growing Palmes. 150. Palma,

which

[or Cuppe]

somme

PHOINIX ELATE.

call Elate,

or

Spatha,

is the

enclosure

of ye fruit of ye Date trees as yet flourishing: the

80

DIOSCORIDES,

BK.

I

Vnguentarii vse it for the thicknings of their ointments.

That is the

best of it, which is sweet smelling, binding, weightie, stopt before,

hauing that within it fatt. It hath an astringent facultie staying ye feedings of vlcers, and it drawes together ye looseness of joints, if, being beaten small, it be mixed together with Malagmata and Cataplasmata. It is good also for the Praecordia, and a stomach that is out of tune, & ye griefs of the liver, being mixed with Cataplasmes fitting for this purpose. The decoction of it doth dye the haire black, being rubbed therevpon for some continuance. Being giuen in drinck, it is good for ye Nephriticall, and ye griefs about ye bladder, and ye bowells. It stops the belly, & ye wombe that is troubled with a flux. [Being sod] whilst it is but tender, and soe layd on with rosin and wax, and soe suffered to continue for 20 dayes together, thus it cures the Psorae. The fruit also which is contained vnder that, is called Elate, and of somme

Borassus,

and that also being binding doth produce ye same effects that Spatha does, but that it is not soe good in ointments. And the white marrow of ye stalk too, & ye same eaten while it is new, or else sod, is good for the same things that Borassus is.

151.

RHOA.

Punica granatum

All sorts of Pommegranats are of a pleasant taste & good for ye stomach, yet nourish not; yet of these, the sweetest is ye best for ye stomach, begetting somme heate about ye stomach, and are flatulent, wherefore vnfitting for such as are aguish. But that which is sharpe, helps a burning stomach, is more contractiue & more

vreticall, but doth rellish ill to the mouth, and is binding.

That which tasts like wine is of a middle strength. The Nucleus of ye sharpe one being dryed in ye sun, and soe sprinckled vpon meate, and sod together with it, stop ye belly and stay ye flux of ye stomach; being macerated in raine water, and soe dranck, it doth help ye bloudspitters, & it is good for Insessions of ye Dysenterici, and of ye laborantes profluvio. The iuice of the kernells prest out, being sod and mixed with Hony, are good for the vlcers that are in ye mouth, & in ye Genitalls, and in the seate,

as also for the Pterygia in digitis, and for the Nomae, and ye excrescencies in vlcers, and for ye paines of ye eares, and for the griefs in ye nosthrills. Especially if this iuice be prest out of ye graines of sharp Pommegranats.

FRUIT

152.

KutTiNor1.

TREES

81

Pomegranate Flowers

But ye flowers of this, which are also called Cytini, are binding & drying, and restringent, and agglutinating of bloudy wounds, good for the same purposes that ye Pommegranat is. The decoction of them is a Collution of moist flagging Gummes & of loose teeth, & being put into Cataplasmes it is a glue for such as are broken, [to close up their hurts]. Somme relate, that whosoeuer shall swallow downe three Cytini (though never so little) shall not be troubled with eye griefs for all that yeare. They are iuiced, as the Hypocisthis is.

153.

SIDIA.

Pomegranate Rinds

And ye rinde of the Pommegranat which somme call Sidia, they also hauing a binding faculty are good for the same purposes that ye Cytini are, but ye decoction of ye roots doth expell & kill the Latas tineas ventris.

154.

BALAUSTION.

Wild Pomegranate Flowers

Balaustium is the flower of ye wilde Pommegranat of which there are many kindes, for somme are found of a white, somme of a red,

& somme of a rosie colour. It is like vnto Cytinus of ye Pommegranat, & it is iuiced in ye like manner as ye Hypocisthis is. It hath a binding facultie, good for the same purposes that the Hypocisthis and the Cytinus are.

155.

MuRSINE.

Myrtus communis

Garden Myrtle The sative Myrtle that is black, is more profitable in physicall vses than the white, and of this, that which growes vpon the hills is

the best, yet it hath ye weakest fruit. The facultie both of it & ye fruit is binding. The fruit of it both green & drie is giuen to be eaten

of such

as spit blood, & to such as are troubled erosione

vesicae, & the iuice of green myrtles being presst out of them doth performe ye same effects, being good for ye stomach, & vreticall being good demorsis a phalangio, & for such as are stung with a scorpion with wine. The decoction of ye fruit also doth dye the haire. Being sod with wine & applyed as a Cataplasme, it doth heale the vlcers that arise in ye utmost parts of ye bodye. Being applyed with ye flour of meal, it doth assuage ye inflammations in the eyes. And it is anointed on for the Aegilops ; & the wine that is made of it, the fruit being prest, and a little sod (for that which G

82

DIOSCORIDES,

BK. I

is not thus ordered quickly growes sowre) being dranck before doth prevent surfetting, being good for ye same thinges that ye fruit is. The Insessions are good for ye procidentias vuluae et Sedis, and for women troubled fluxione vuluae; it doth also cleanse ye furfures, & ye Achoras, and the Exanthemata,

& it staies falling

haire. It is mixed also with gentle plaisters [which they call Liparas], as ye oyle also that is made of the leaues of it. And likewise the decoction of the leaues is good both for insessions, & for ioints that are loosed & such as doe hardly grow together ; as also fractures hard to grow together are profitably fomented heerewith. It doth also cleanse ye Vitiligines. It is dropt in, to cure matterie eares, & for the blacking of the haire, and ye iuice of ye same doth performe the like. But ye leaues themselues being beaten small, & applyed as a Cataplasme with water, are good for ye moyst of vlicers, and for all places subiect to a flux, & for ye Coeliaci.

For

oyle Omphacine,

or a little Rosaceum

and

wine,

being mixed together, are good for the Herpetae, & for ye Erysipelata and for the inflammationes testium, and for ye Epinyctidae & Condylomata. But the dry leaues being beaten small are profitably strawed on ye Paronychiae, & the Pterygia, & vpon arme pits & thighes that are moist, & it staies ye sweats of the Cardiaci.

But

being burnt, or else raw, with Cerate

they heale

Ambusta and the Pterygia, and the Paronychiae. The leaues are iuiced by pouring in old wine, or raine water vpon them, & soe it is strained out. It must be vsed when it is new made, for being drie, it doth putrifie & lose its strength.

156. MURTIDANON But that which is called Myrtidanum is that which growes to ye Myrtle, vnequall & standing out like a wart, & of one colour, like

handes clasping about ye body of ye Myrtle. It bindes more than the Myrtle. Being bruised & mingled with hard wine and made into pellets, it is dryed in ye shade & soe set vp in store. It is more effectuall than the fruit, & ye leafe is mixed with Cerats & Pessums & Insessions and Cataplasmes, and Insessions where there is any need of binding.

157.

KERASIA.

Prunus Cerasus.

Cherry

Cerasia, if they be taken while they are new, are good for ye belly, but being dried they stop the belly. But the gumme of the Cerasia,

FRUIT

TREES

83

heales an old Cough, if it be taken with diluted wine, & it causeth a good colour and sharpenesse of sight & appetite. And being dranck with wine, it is good for such as are troubled with the stone.

158. KERATIA.

Ceratonia Siliqua.

Carob

Siliquae being taken while they are new, becomme bad for ye stomach & are loosers of ye belly, but being dryed they stop the belly, being better for ye stomach & diureticall, especially those which are layd together out of ye refuse rellicks left after ye expression of ye grapes.

159. MELEA.

Pyrus Malus.

Apple

The leaues & ye blossomes & the sprigs of all sorts of Apple trees are binding, especially of ye Quince tree, & ye fruit being vnripe is binding, but being ripe, not soe; but those apples which are ripe in ye spring tyme, breed choller, being hurtfull to all that is sinewy & flatulent.

160.

KuDONIA.

Cydonia vulgaris.

Quince

Quinces are good for ye stomach, vreticall, but being rosted, they becomme the more milde, being good for ye Coeliaci, for ye

Dysenterici, and such as spit vp purulent matter, and for the Chollerick, especially those which are raw; & ye water wherein these haue been macerated, is good to be giuen for a drinck to such

as are troubled with a flux of ye stomach or of ye belly. The iuice of ye raw ones of them being taken is good for the Orthopnoici, but ye Decoction is a fomentation for ye falling-downe of the sedes, & the vulua. But those of Hony (or which are preserued in Hony) also are vreticall, but the hony doth take their strength vnto itself, & becommes astringent & binding. But those which are sod with Hony, are good for ye stomach & pleasant to ye tast, but they are lesse binding. But ye same being raw are put into Cataplasmes for the stopping of the belly, as also for the ouerturning & burning

of ye stomach,

for inflamed

breasts,

& for spleens

growne to a Schirrhus, & for ye Condylomata. There is made of them moreouer, after being well pounded & prest, a wine, and there is mixed with it, that it may keep the longer, for 16 Sextaries

of iuice one of Hony, for else it would growe sowre. This is good for all the thinges forespecified. There is an ointment also made of these called Melinum,

which

we vse, when

we haue need of an

astringent oyle. But you must choose out the right Quinces, such

84

DIOSCORIDES,

BKe1

as are small, & round, and of a good scent; but they which are

called Struthia, & are bigge, are lesse profitable. But ye dryed blossoms of them, as also ye green, are fitt to be put in Cataplasmes made for such things as haue need of binding, & besydes they are good for the inflammations of ye eyes, & for the reiectiones sanguinis, & for ye Alvi profluvium, & they are good for the Impetus mensium, being dranck with wine.

161.

MELIMELA.

Pyrus malus grafted on Quince Honey-apple

Melimela soften ye belly & drive Animalia thence ; they are bad for ye stomach, and causers of burning heate. They are called of somme Glycymela, as we should say, sweet apples.

162. MELA EPEIROTIKA.

Apples of Epirus

Epirotica Mala, which the Latines call Orbiculata, are good for ye stomach, but they binde ye belly, provoke vrine, yet they are lesse effectuall than Quinces.

163. AGRIOMELA.

Pyrus malus

Crab Apples But wilde Apples are like to Spring Apples and binde, but for such thinges as haue need of binding, you must vse such of them as are least ripe.

164. PERSICA MELA.

Citrus medica

Citron Perfica Mala are good for the stomach & for ye belly too if they be ripe, but they which are vnripe binde ye belly, but being dryed they are more

binding,

& the decoction

of them

when

they are

dryed being taken doth stop a stomach, & belly that is troubled with a flux.

165. ARMENIACA The lesser, which are called Armeniaca, & in Latin, Praecoqua, are

better for ye stomach than ye former.

166.

MEDIKA.

Citrus

Those which are called Median, or Persian, or Cedromela, but in ye Latin Citria, are knowne vnto all, for it is a tree that beares

fruit throughout ye whole yeare, one vnder another. But the Apple itself, is sommewhat long, wrinckled, resembling gold in

FRUIT

TREES

85

colour, smelling sweet with heauinesse, hauing a seed like a peare. It hath a facultie, being dranck in wine, to resist poysons and subducere alvum, & the decoction or iuice of it is a collution

for to make a sweet breath. It is eaten especially by women [as a remedy] against their lusting. And they are thought to preserve cloaths from being moth-eaten, being put into the chests where ye cloaths lye.

167. APION.

Pyrus communis.

Pear

There are many kindes of Peares but they all binde, & therefore they are fitt to be put into repellentia Cataplasmata. The decoction of the dryed ones, or if they be taken raw, stop ye belly, but being eaten they hurt such as eate them fasting.

168.

ACHRAS.

Pyrus amygdaliformis

Wild Pear Achras is a kinde of wild Peare, which is long aripening. It hath a more binding force then ye Peare, wherefore it is good for the same purposes.

The leaues of it also are binding.

The ashes of the

wood of it doth effectually help such as are suffocated by eating of Mushrommes. There are some who say, that if any seeth wilde Peares together with the Mushromms, they become harmelesse.

169.

MESPILON. Crataegus tanacetifolius or C. Azarola

Mespilus (which of somme is called Aronia) is a prickly tree, like in leaues to the Oxyacantha, bearing a fruit like the little apple, sweet,

hauing

three

stones

within,

from

which

somme

call it

Tricoccos, (as we should say triplici grano praeditum), being long in ripening ; being eaten it is astringent, it is good for ye stomach, and bindes ye belly.

170.

MESPILON ETERON.

Mespilus Germanica.

Medlar

There is an other kinde of Mespilus growing in Italie, which somme call Epimelis,

& others call Setanium.

It is a tree like vnto an

apple-tree, eeuen in the leaues, for it is not lesse. This also hath a round edible fruit, hauing a broade Vmbilicus, sommewhat binding,

& slowly ripening.

171.

Lotos. Celtis australis Nettle-tree

The tree Lotus is a stirps of a good growth, and it beares a fruit bigger than Pepper, sweet, edible, good for ye stomach, binding of ye belly. The decoction of ye scrapings or sawdust of ye wood,

86

DIOSCORIDES

BK. I

being dranck, & taken by way of Glister, doth help the Dysenterici & women troubled with their fluxes. It also doth dye ye haire yellow, and stops a loose belly.

172. KRANIA.

Cornus mascula.

Dog-wood

Cornus is a strong tree bearing a fruit like ye Oliue, sormmewhat long, green at first but being ripe it growes yellow or of the colour of wax, edible, binding, good for ye flux of ye belly and ye dysenteries, whether it be mixed with Sapa, or eaten with meate.

They are also preserued in a pickle as oliues are. But the moisture which commes out of ye green leaues when they are burnt is good for ye Lichenes being anointed thereon.

173.

OUA.

Sorbus domestica.

Service-tree

Sorba looking of a yellowish colour & not yet ripe, being cut asunder & dryed in the sunne haue a qualitie of binding the belly when they are eaten, & the meale of them being ground & taken instead of Polenta, and ye decoction of them being dranck, doth

performe ye same.

174. Prunus

KOKKUMELIA. is a

knowne

tree,

Prunus domestica. whose

fruit

Damson

is edible,

bad

for ye

stomach, softning the belly; but of those of Syria, & especially of those growing in Damascus, the fruit being dryed, is good for the stomach, and bindes the belly. But ye decoction of the leaues ordered (or praepared) in wine, and gargarized, doth stop the flux that falls vpon the Uva, the Gingiuae, & ye Tonsillae. The fruit of the wild Plumms, being dryed when it is ripe doth performe the same. But being sod with Sapa, it becommes better for ye stomach, & more binding of the belly. But the gumme of the Plumme tree, is conglutinating, & breakes ye stone if it be dranck with wine. Being anointed on with vinegar, it heales the Lichenas that are vpon children.

175.

KoMAROS.

Arbutus Andrachne

Arbutus is a tree like ye Cotoneae mala, hauing a thinne leafe, bearing a fruit of ye bignesse (as it were) of a prune, hauing noe kernell, called Memacyla, which being growne ripe is of somme what a yellowish or reddish colour, chaffie ; being eaten it is bad for the stomach, & causeth head-ach.

176.

AMUGDALE.

Amygdalus communis.

The Roote of the bitter Almond

Almond

tree, if it be bruised & soe sod,

doth take away the spots in ye face that were caused by sun

FRUIT

TREES

87

burning, which things also ye Almonds themselues (being layd on as a Cataplasme) doe performe. Being layd to, they drive out the menstrua, & help head-aches, being applyed to the forhead or temples, with Acetum

and Rosaceum.

They are good also with

wine for the Epinyctides ; & for rotten vlcers ; & for the Herpetae, & for the bitings of doggs, with Hony. Being eaten, dolores adimunt, they soften ye belly, cause sleep, & are vreticall, & they are good for the reiectio Sanguinis, being taken with Amylum [and Minte]. They are good also for ye nephriticall and peripneumonicall, being dranck

with water, or taken

as a Lohoc with Resina

Terebinthina. Being taken with Passum, it helps such as are troubled with ye Dysurie & ye Stone; and the Hepatick, & Coughs, & ye inflationes Coli, being taken in a Lohoc with milke & Hony to ye quantitie of a Nux Avellana. It keeps off drunckennesse if about flue or 7 of them be taken beforehand. It kills foxes, it being eaten with sommething else. But the Gumme of ye tree doth binde & heate, & being dranck is a remedie for ye reiectio sanguis, & being anointed on with Acetum it takes away the Impetigines in summa cute. It cures an old cough, being dranck with diluted wine, & it is good for such as are troubled with ye stone, being dranck with Passum. But the sweet & edible almond commes a great deale short in strength of the bitter; yet that also is extenuating and vreticall. But the green almonds eaten with their shells, doe amend ye moystnesse of ye stomach.

177.

PISTAKIA.

Pistacia Lentiscus.

Lentiscus

Pistacia which grow in Syria, like to Pine nuts, are good for ye Stomach being eaten, or else being beaten small & soe dranck in wine they help such as are bitten of serpents.

178.

KARUA BASILIKA.

Juglans regia.

Walnut

Nuces regiae, which somme call Persica, being eaten are hard of digestion, they hurt ye stomach, engender choler, breed headach, are naught for such as haue ye Cough, but good to make one vomit if they be eaten by one fasting. They are Antidots against poysons, being eaten before, or after, with figgs & Rue: being eaten in a great quantitie they expell ye broade wormes. They are layd also upon inflamed breasts, to suppurations, & luxations, with a little

Hony & Rue. With Onions & salt & Hony, they are good for such as are bitten by doggs, or bitten of men. Being burnt together with their calyx, & applyed to the navill, they assuage tormenta.

88

DIOSCORIDEST

But the Putamen

BI: I

being burnt, & beaten in oyle and wine, &

anointed on the head of children, is good to make the haire faire,

and fills vp the Alopecia. But [ye Nucleus] within, being burnt, beaten small and layd on with wine, doth stop the Menses. That within [or ye kernells] of old nutts, being chewed, & soe layd on as a Cataplasme, doth cure Gangraenes, and Carbuncles, and Aegilopses, & Alopecias, out of hand. There is also an oyle made of them being bruised and prest out. But the green [or new ones] being sweeter, are lesse hurtfull to ye stomach, wherefore they are vsed to be mixed with garlick to take away the tartnesse of it. Also they take away black & blew spotts being layd thereon.

179.

KARUA PONTIKA. Corylus Avellana Hazel Nut

But the Pontick nuts, which somme call Leptocarya, [as we should say small nutts] are naught for ye stomach, yet they being beaten small and dranck with Melicrate, cure an old cough; and

being roasted, & eaten with a little pepper, they concoct a distillation, but being burnt

whole,

& beaten

small with Axungia,

or

Beares grease, & anointed on, soe it restores ye haire that was fallen away by the Alopecia. Somme say that the shells being burnt, and beaten small together with oyle, doe make black the Pupillae of gray-eyed children, the forepart of the head being kept moystned therewith.

180.

MOREA. Morus nigra Mulberry

Morus or Sycaminus is a knowne tree, ye fruit whereof makes ye belly soluble: it is easily corrupted, is bad for the stomach & the iuice of it doth worke ye like effects. Being sod in a brasen vessell or sunned it is made more binding. A little Hony being mixed therewith makes it good for ye fluxiones & the Nomas & for ye Tonsillas inflammatas. But ye strength of it is encreased if Alumen scissile, galls, & Myrrhe, & Crocus, be mixed therewith, as also the fruit of ye Tamarisck, & Iris, & Franckincense. But ye vnripe Mulberries, being dryed, & soe beaten are mixed with sawces, vice

Rhois, & they doe helpe the Coeliaci.

And the barck of ye roote

being sod in water & dranck, doth loosen ye belly, & expells the

broade wormes [of the belly] & helps those which haue drunck Aconitum. The leaues being beaten small & applyed with oyle heale Ambusta.

Being sod with raine water, with wine, & black

figge leaues, they dye ye haire.

But

a Cyathus

of ye iuice

FIGS

89

of ye leaues being dranck doth help such as are Demorsi a Phalangio. The decoction of the barck & ye leaues is a good collution for ye toothach. It is iuiced about Haruest, the roots being digged round about and cut in, which ye next day after is found somme concreted which is both good for ye toothach, dissolues swellings, & purgeth the belly. [There seeme also to beesomme wilde mulberries like to (the fruit) of ye Bramble, but more binding, the iuice of which is lesse corrupted, a fomentation

for in-

flammations & healing of vlcerated jawes, & for filling vp wounds with flesh. They grow in shady, & cold places]. 181.

SUKOMORON

Sycomorum, somme also call Sycaminum, the fruit of it also is called Sycomorum, for the faintnesse of ye tast of it. It is a great tree, like vnto a Figge tree, very full of iuice, in leaues like to ye Mulberry tree: it beares fruit twice or four times a yeare, not from the highest (boughs) as on ye fig tree, but from ye stock like ye wilde figge, sweeter than the green figgs, but not hauing graines & not growing ripe, vnless it be scratcht with ye nayle or with iron. It growes much in Caria and in Rhodes, & in places not very fertill of wheate. It helps in tyme of penurie of corne by the still continuance of its fruit-bearing. The fruit of it is good for ye belly, yielding little nourishment, bad for ye stomach. But ye tree is iuiced at ye first entrance of ye spring before it bring foorth fruit, the outsyde of ye barck being broken with a stone, for if it be broken deeper in, it sends nothing foorth. The Lachryma of it is gathered in a spunge or fleece, which being dryed & formed (into little balls) is layd vp in vase fictili. This iuice hath a mollifying facultie, conglutinating of wounds, and dissolving of such thinges as are hard to ripen. It is also dranck & likewise anointed on, against ye bitings of serpents, & for the spleens growne hard with a Schirrhus, & for the dolores, and ye Algores stomachi. But ye iuice is quickly corrupted with wormes.

182. SUKON EN KupRO. Ficus Sycomorus var. Sycomore Fig There growes in Cyprus (a Tree) differing in kinde; for being an Elme, yet it hath leaues like to the Sycamine, but fruit about the bignesse of prunes, and sweeter. But in all other thinges, they are

like to the afore-spoken of.

go

DIOSCORIDES,

183. SUKA.

BK. I

Ficus Carica Fig

Ripe Figgs being new are bad for ye stomach, loosening ye belly, but ye loosenesse that commes of them is easily stopt: they call out ye Papulae, & ye sweat, they quench the thirst, & are extinguishers of heate. But the drye ones are nourishing, warming, more causing thirst, and good for the belly, but they are vnprofitable for ye fluxes of ye stomach & of ye belly, but good for ye throate & the Arterie & ye bladder, & ye kidneys, & for such as are ill-coloured by a long sicknesse, & for ye Asthmaticall, & for the Epilepticall, & for the Hydropicall. Being sod with Hysop, & soe dranck, they doe also cleanse away the thinges in ye brest. They are good also for old coughes, & for ye long continued griefs about ye lunges, & they soften the belly, being beaten together with Nitre, and Cnicus, & soe eaten. But the decoction of them is good for ye inflammations about ye Arterie and the Tonsillae, being taken in a Gargarisme & it is mixed also in Cataplasmes of barly meale, & for women’s fomentations with Foenigreec, or Ptissana ;but being sod with Rue, it is a glister for ye Tormina. Being sod, and afterward beaten small, & soe applyed, they dissolue hardnesses, mollify the Parotidae & ye Furunculi. They ripen the Pani, & ye more effectually with Iris, or Niter, or Calx viua. And being beaten when they are raw with the thinges forespecified, they doe ye same. With a pommegranat rinde it cleanseth away the Pterygia, and with Calcanthum it cures the hardly curable & malignant fluxes in ye Tibiae.

Being sod in wine

& mixed

with wormewood,

&

barly meale soe are they good for the Hydropicall being layd on as a Cataplasme. But being burnt, and put into a Cerat, they cure the Perniones. The raw ones being beaten small, & taken with moist mustard, & put into ye eares, doe cure ye noyse & ringing of them. The (milkie) iuice both of ye wilde & the sative figge, is a coagulater of milke, like as Rennet is, and doth dissolue ye same being coagulated, as Vinegar doth. It hath a qualitie of making bodyes breake out into boiles, and of opening ye pores, & of loosening ye belly, & of relaxating ye wombe, being dranck with almonds beaten small. It expells the Menses, being applyed with ye yolks of an egge, or Tyrrhenicall wax. It is good to be put into Cataplasmes made for ye Gout, together with Foengraec flower & vinegar. With Polenta, it doth cleanse Leprosies & ye Lichenas & the spots made by ye heate of the sunne, and ye vitiligines, and the Psoras, and the running sores of the head. Being dropt vpon

FIGS

gI

the sore, it helps such as haue been stung of Scorpions & ye stroakes by poysonous beasts, and such as haue been bitten of doggs. It helps ye toothach being taken on wool, & put into ye concauitie of them. And it takes away the formicosam verrucam, the flesh round about it being anointed with Adeps.

184. SUKE AGRIA.

Ficus Carica

Wild Fig

The same thinges doth ye iuice of the tender leaues of ye wilde Figg tree doe, when they are great with childe (as it were), but yet the eye (or budde) hath not put out, then being beaten are they prest out, and ye iuice being dryed in ye shade is layd vp. Both the liquor & ye iuice are taken for the force they haue to raise vlcers. The spriggs of this tree being sod with beef, makes it to be soone sod. And they make milke the more loosening, if instead of a Spatha, it be stirred about in ye seething with them.

185. OLUNTHOI.

Unripe Figs

Grossi, which of somme are called Erinei, being sod & applyed as a Cataplasme, doe soften all knobs & strumas, being applyed raw; with Nitre & meale, they take away ye formicosas verrucas & ye Thymos. And ye leaues can doe the same. Being applyed as a Cataplasme with vinegar and salt, they heale the running vlcers in the head, the Furfures, & ye Epinyctidas; the figlike & scabrous cheeks are rub’d with these. But ye vitiligines albae are cataplasmed with ye leaues or ye boughes of ye Black Figge. They are good also with Hony for ye bitings of doggs, & for vlcers called (Favi by the Latins, but by the Greeks) Ceria. The Grossi with ye leaues of wilde Poppie doe draw out (broken) bones, & with wax they dissolue Furunculos. And being applyed with Ervum & wine they are good against ye bitings of ye Mus Araneus and of the Scolopendra.

186. KoONIA SUKES.

Extract of Figs

There is also made a Lye of ye ashes of the boughes of the wilde & Sative Figgetree, being burnt. But you must macerate the ashes long & often. It is good both for caustick medicines and for Gangraened parts, for it doth cleanse & consume ye thinges which are superfluous. But it must be vsed thus, moistning a spunge often in it, & soe forthwith applying it. To somme giuing it by way of Glister, as to ye dysentericall, & in old fluxes, & in hollow vndermining, and great vlcers. For it doth cleanse, & conglutinate, & incarnate, & close together like to plaisters made for bloudy

92

DIOSCORIDES

BK

SI

wounds. It is giuen also for ye clotting together of bloud, & against precipitations, ruptures, convulsions, being newly strained out with a Cyathus of water, & a little oyle being mixed. It doth also by itself help the Coeliaci & the Dysenterici, it being giuen (in) the quantitie of a Cyathus. It is a convenient ointment with oyle for such as are troubled with griefs of ye Sinewes & Convulsions, as causing sweats. It is dranck against the drincking of Gypsum & ye bitings of the Phalangii. The other sorts of Lyes haue ye same effects, but especially that of ye oake, but they are all of a binding nature.

187.

PERSEA.

Mimusops Schimperi

Persea is a tree in Egypt, bearing fruit fitt to be eaten & good for the stomach, on which the Phalangia called Cranocolopta are found, especially in Thebais. The drie leaues being beaten small, and soe applyed haue ye power to stop the breaking out of bloud. Somme have related that this tree when it grew in Persis, was deathfull,t but being translated into Egypt it was altered, and became good to eate.

[188.2 Iberis

IBERIS.

Lepidium graminifolium ov L. Iberis

or Cardamantica

hath

leaues

like

to

Nasturtium,

more

flourishing in the spring, the length of it as much of a cubit or sommewhat lesse. It growes in vntilled places. In the summer it puts out a milkie flower, & then it is more effectuall. It hath twoe roots like Nasturtium, of a warming & caustick qualitie. For ye roots themselues are good for such as are diseased with ye Sciatica, if a Cataplasme be made thereof & ye lard of a salted sow, like a plaister, (& soe applyed & let lye) for four howres. Afterward let him be put into a bath & anointed on ye places affected with oyle & wine dipt in wool.] 26 ffebruarij 1652 Graec. 31 Octobris 1655. * Owing to a confusion with Herba persea, Solanum sodomeum. * Chapter 188 is believed to be a spurious addition which would appropriately placed in Book II, chapter 205.

END

OF BOOK

I

be more

BOOK

II

In the first booke, most louing Areius, that we made of Medicinall matters, we haue discourst of Aromata, of Oyles, of Ointments, of Trees, & of ye Liquors and Teares and Fruits that come of them.

But in this being ye second book, we shall comme

to discourse

both of Liuing creatures, and of Hony, and of Milke, and of Adeps,

and of those thinges which they call Frumentacea, as also of Pothearbs, annexing vnto those such Herbes as are endued with a sharpe qualitie, because

such are neare

of kinne, as are garlick

& onions, & mustard seed, that the qualities of those thinges soe like of nature should not be severed.

LIVING CREATURES. 1. Ecutnos Echinus call; the amongst burnt it ye flesh.

1-74

Tuarassios. Perhaps Echinus esculentus and E. melo

marinus is good for ye stomach, good for ye belly & uretiraw shell of which being roasted does well to be mixed detergentia medicamenta made for ye Psorae. Being cleanseth foule vlcers & doth represse excrescencies of

2. ECHINOS CHERSAIOS. Hystrix cristata Porcupine And ye skinne of ye Earth Hedgehog being burnt, is good for the Alopecia, being anointed thereon with moyst pitch. But ye flesh dryed and drank with hony, or Oxymel, helpeth the Nephriticall & the Aquae intercuti, & such as haue convulsions, or the Elephantiasis, or the Cachexie. It dries up also ye fluxes about the bowells: & ye liver of the same being dryed in a Sunn-burnt vessell of earth, & layed up, being giuen, doth doe as much good for ye like vses.

3. HIPPOKAMPOS.

Syngnathus Hippocampus

Sea-horse Hippocampus is a little living creature of the Sea, which, being burnt & the ashes thereof taken either in Axungia, or liquid pitch, or vnguentum Amaracinum, & anointed on, doth fill up the Alopecia with haire.

4. PORPHURA.

Murex brandaris, &c.

Purple Murex The Purpura being burnt, hath a facultie of drying & cleansing ye teeth, of repressing excrescent flesh, of drawing boyles & healing them.

G4

DIOSCORIDES,

5. KUREKES.

BK. II

Buccinum sp. Whelks

And the Buccina doe performe the same being burnt, but they are more causticall by nature. But if any filling them with salt, burn them in a raw earthen vessell, they are good for dentifrices, and for ambusta, being anointed on. But ye medicin must be let alone till it grow hard like a shell, for after ye healing of the ambustion, it falls off, of its owne accord. There is made of them a Calx viva, as we will show, when we comme to treate of Calx.

6. IontA.

The columella of molluscs!

They are called Ionia which are ye middle part in ye Buccinae & ye Purpurae, about which is ye turning-in, or winding-about of ye shell. It is burnt after the ike manner, hauing a more caustick force than the Buccina & ye Purpurae, because of ye nature that they haue of cleaving less. But the flesh of ye Buccina is of a good tast & good for ye stomach, but they doe not soften ye belly.

7, MUAKES.

Pontic Mussels

The Pontick Mytuli excell most: being burnt, they worke the like effect as ye Buccina doe, but more peculiarly, being washt after ye manner of lead, they are good with Hony for eye medicines, as they doe consume the crassitudines genarum, cleansing away the albugines & what otherwise else doe darcken ye pupillae. The flesh of them is profitably layd on upon such as are bitt with a dogge.

8. TELLINAI Tellinae whilst they are fresh & new, are good for ye belly, but especially the broth of them. But being seasoned with salt, burnt and beaten small, and dropt on with Cedria they doe not suffer the haires of ye Palpebrae after they are once pluckt out, to spring up againe.

9g. CHAMAI.

Soup made from Bivalves

The broth also of Chamae & of other shell-fish sod in a little water,

doth stirr ye belly, but it is taken with wine.

10. ONUX.

Operculum of Strombus lentiginosus

Onyx (or Unguis) is ye couering of ye shell-fish, like to that of the Purpura, found in India in ye Nardus-bearing lakes ; wherefore it smells sweet, the shell-fishes feeding vpon the Nardus.? It is gathered after that the lakes are dryed vp by extremitie of drought. That is the best which is brought from ye Red Sea, being sommewhat white & fatt. But ye Babylonian is black & ' The columella of the sacred Indian ‘sank’ or conch shell (Turbinella pyrum) was much used in India. Cf. Sir J. Marshall Mo henjo-daro 1931. 2 A traveller’s tale.

LIVING

CREATURES

95

smaller. Both of them, if they be layd on ye coales, are of a sweet smell, sommewhat resembling Castor in the scent. These also being suffumigated, doe rayse vp such women as are troubled with strangulatus vteri, & such as haue ye falling sicknesse, but being dranck they trouble the belly. But the shell-fish itself being burnt doth performe the same thinges that ye Purpura and the Buccinum doth.

11.

KOCHLIAS.

Helix pomatia

and other Snails The earth Snaile is good for the stomach, hardly corrupted. That is the best which is in Sardinia, & Africa, & Astyypalia, & in Sicilia, & Chios, as also that which is in the Alpes by Liguria, surnamed Pomatias (because of its covering). And ye Sea Snaile also is good for the stomach, & is easily transient, but ye River Snaile is poysonous. The Field snaile which hangeth upon bushes & shrubs, which

somme

call Sesilon or Seselita is a troubler or

disturber of ye belly & stomach, causing vomiting.

But the shells

of all of them being burnt, haue the power to heate & burne, to

cleanse Leprosies, the Vitiligines & the teeth. Being burnt whole with their flesh & beaten small, & anointed on with hony, they take away the Cicatrices in the eyes, & the Albugines, and ye sunspots, & ye dullnesse of ye sight. But being applyed raw with their shells, they dry up hydropicall tumors, & doe not fall off till all the moisture be exhausted. They doe also lenifie podagricall inflammations & draw out thornes, being applyed after the like manner. Being beaten small, & soe applyed, they expell the Menstrua. But the flesh of them being beaten small, & layd on as a Cataplasme with Myrrhe & Franckincense, doth conglutinate wounds, & especially those about the Sinewes; & they stay the bleeding out of the Nosthrills, being beaten small with vinegar. But the live flesh, especially of ye African, being devoured, doth pacifie the paines of the stomach. But being whole with ye shell & a little of it dranck with wine & Myrrhe it doth cure such as are troubled with the colick & the paines of the bladder. The earth snaile doth conglutinate the falling haire if one, thrusting a needle through ye flesh of ye snaile, doe touch the haire with the slymie matter that ariseth thence.

12.

KARKINOI.

Thelphusa sp.

The ashes of burnt Crevises or River Crabs, to ye quantitie of twoe spoonefulls, with one spoonefull of ye roote of Gentian, & being dranck in wine for three dayes together, doth manifestly help such as are bitten of a mad dogge. And with sod Hony they doe lenifie

96 the and raw the

DIOSCORIDESS

BKaiit

chaps which are in ye feet, and those which are in the seate, ye Perniones, & ye Carcinomata. Being beaten when they are & dranck with Asses milk they help the bitings of Serpents & stroakes of the Phalangii & Scorpions. But being sod, and

eaten with their broth, they are good for such as are in a consumption, & such as haue swallowed a Sea Hare. But being beaten together with Ocimum, & layd vnto them, they kill Scorpions. The Sea Crabs can doe ye same things, but they worke somewhat lesse effectually than these.

13.

SKORPIOS

CHERSAIOS!

The earthly Scorpion, being taken raw, beaten small and soe layd on, is a remedie for ye hurt donne by it: it is found also rosted for ye same purpose.

14. SKORPIOS

THALASSIOS.

Scorpaena Scrofa

The Gall of ye Sea Scorpion is good for the suffusiones oculorum, for their Albugines, and hebetudines,

15. DRAKON

THALASSIOS.

Trachinus Draco!

The Sea Dragon, being opened & soe applyed, is a cure for ye hurt donne by his prickles. ' The figures of animals in this Book have been sketched from those illustrating the Eutecnit Sophistae Paraphrasis in Nicandri Theriaca in the Vienna Codex.

LIVING

16. SKOLOPENDRA.

CREATURES

97

Nereis or other Polychaet Worms

ree Sp einetestcte shay ” PyViec The Sea Scolopendra, being sod in oyle, & soe anointed on, doth get off the haire, but being toucht it breeds the itch.

17. NARKE.

Raia Torpedo

The Sea Torpedo being applyed in griefs of long continuance about ye head, doth assuage the fiercenesse of the grief: the same too applyed doth stay up the seate, being either overturned, or else fallen downe.

18. ECHIDNE.

Coluber aegyptius, C. Ammodyles, C. Bero Viper

The flesh of the Viper being sod, & eaten, makes the eyes quick sighted, & it is good also for the griefs of the Nerves, & it doth represse the encreasing Strumae, but you must, when you strip it, cut off ye head & the tayle, because they are without flesh. For the cutting off of ye extreme parts by a measure is but a tale. Then the entrailes being taken out, washing that which is left & cutting it in pieces, you must seeth it with oyle & wine & a little salt and Dill. Somme say that in feeding on them, lice are bred in such as eate them, but it is a lye. Somme againe say that they who eate them are long lived. There are salts also made of them for ye same uses, but they doe not worke alike. The liuing Viper is put into a new pot, & with it a Sextarius of salt, & [the same of] dry figs well beaten, with six Cyathi of Hony. The cover of the pot is close stopt with clay, & they are baked in an Oven till the salt be turned to coales, after this being beaten small they are layd vp. And sommetymes that it may agree ye better with ye stomach there is somme Spikenard, or Phullon, or a little Malabathrum mixed with it.

19. OPHEOS GERAS.

The Slough of Snakes

The Senecta anguium, (which is the skinne that ye snake casts in ye spring tyme) being sod in wine, is a remedie for ye paine in the eares if it be poured into them, & for ye paine of the teeth when taken by way of collution. They mix it, especially that of the sea viper, with eye medicines. H

98

DIOSCORIDES

20.

Lacoos

BK

ait

THALAssIOS. Aplysia depilans The Sea-Hare

The Sea-Hare is like the little Cuttlefish. It hath ye propertie of being beaten small & soe applyed, either by itself, or with sea nettles, to make any place voyd of haire.

21.

LAGOOS

CHERSAIOS.

Lepus timidus

Hare The braine of a Land Hare, being eaten roasted, is good for ye trembling that commes of a feare, as also for ye toothing in children, being rubbed on, oreaten. The head thereof being burnt, and anointed on with Beares grease, or vinegar, doth cure the Alopeciae.

The Coagulum thereof being dranck after three dayes after ye menstrual courses, is reported to cause sterilitie. Likewise it stops the flux of ye wombe & of the belly. It helps them also which haue ye falling sicknesse; and dranck with vinegar it is good against poisons, especially for ye curdling of ye milke, and the bitings of vipers. But ye blood thereof being anointed on while it is warme, doth cure ye sun-spotts, & ye vitiligines, & ye Lentigines. 22.

ITRUGON THALASSIA.

Raia Pastinaca

. Sting-Ray

The Radius of the Pastinaca marina which growes out of his tayle, with scales turned backward, doth assuage a pained tooth, for it breakes & casteth him out.

23. SEPIA.

Sepia officinalis

The black (incke) of ye sodden Sepia, being eaten, is hard of digestion, it softens ye belly. But ye shell of it, being formed into Collyrias, is good to be rubed vpon Scabrae genae. But being burnt in its owne shell vntill ye crustie matter thereof be gone, & afterward beaten small, it cleanseth the vitiligines, ye furfures, the teeth

& yesun spots. It is mixt also, beeing washt, with eye medicines. It is good also for ye albugines (in ye eyes) of cattell, if it be blowed into them. It doth also consume the Pterygia in oculis, being beaten small with salt, & soe applyed.

LIVING

24. TRIGLA.

CREATURES

99

Mullus barbatus

The Mullus being often eaten, is thought to cause dullnesse of sight, but being cut asunder whilst he is raw, & soe layd on, he doth heale ye hurts giuen by the Sea-dragon, ye Scorpion, and the

Spider.

25. ORCHIS

HIPPOPOTAMOU.

Hippopotamus

The stones of the Hippopotamus, being dryed, & beaten small, is dranck in wine against the bitings of Serpents.

26. KASTOROS ORCHIS.

Castoreum of Beaver

The Castor is a living creature of a double nature, being nourisht for ye most part in ye waters with ye fishes & Crabs. The stones thereof are good against ye poysons of serpents. It is good also to cause sneesing, & generally, it is vsefull for many purposes. For two dragms thereof being dranck with Pulegium, doe provoke the menstrua, & doe cast out ye Embryons and the secondines. It is also dranck with vinegar against the Inflationes, the tormina, the singultas, deadly poysons, the Ixia. Being moystened with vinegar & Rosaceum, it doth fetch againe the lethargicall, or those which are borne downe by any manner. And it doth doe ye like being smelt to, or being suffumigated. It is good also for tremblings & convulsions, & for all ye diseases of the Nerves,

being either dranck or anointed on, and generally it hath a warming facultie. But ever choose those stones, which are connexed together from one beginning; (for it is impossible to finde two folliculi knit together in one Membrane); & hauing that within it waxie, of a strong smell, & poysonnous,

sharp,

biting taste, easily crumbled, ever distinguished by their naturall

tunicles.

Somme doe adulterate it by pouring in Ammoniacum, or

gumme tempered with blood & Castoreum into the folliculus, and drying it. But it is a vaine report, that this beast when it is pursued, doth bite off his stones & cast them away, for it is impossible that hee should touch them, being knit under, as those of

a Boare. But they who take off the skinne, must take the liquor therein looking like hony, together with ye tunicle that containes it, & soe hauing dryed it, lay it vp in store.

27. GALE

KATOIKIDIOS.

Mustela Putorii?

The houshold Weasell, flammis ambusta, after ye bowells are taken out, it being salted, & soe kept a long tyme & afterwards dryed in the shade, is a very effectuall remedie against all kinde of serpents, being dranck to the quantitie of twoe dragms in wine. It is

100

DIOSCORIDES

BKe It

likewise taken as an Antipharmacum of Toxicum. the same

being stufft with Coriander,

The belly of

& soe kept till it be old,

being dranck doth help those which are bitten of poysonous beasts & the Epilepticall. But being burnt wholly together in a pot, it is good for ye gowtie, the ashes thereof being anointed on with vinegar, but the bloudof it being anointedon doth help the strumae. It is also good for the Epilepticall.

28. BATRACHOI.

Frogs

Frogs are an Antidot against the (poyson) of all serpents, they being sod into a broth in salt & oyle, the broth being likewise taken, & for ye diuturnos abscessus tendinum. But being burnt, & soe cast upon, they stanch bleeding, & they cure ye Alopecias, being anointed on with liquid pitch. But the blood of Green Frogs being dropt on, doth forbid the haire euer to comme up againe, where it hath once been pulled off from the eye lidds. They are good also for the toothache, being sod together with water & vinegar, & ye teeth being washt therewith.

29. AILOUROS.

Silurus glanis

The Silurus being eaten whilst it is new, is nourishing & good for ye stomach, but being salted it yields noe nourishment. Yet it cleanseth the arteries, & maketh the voyce cleare. The flesh of that which is salted doth draw out splinters. And the brine of it is good by Insession for ye dysentericall, in ye beginning (of ye disease) drawing the fluxes to the outsyde; & being taken by way of glister, it doth cure such as haue ye Sciatica.

30. SMARIS. The head of the Salted Smaris

Smaris vulgaris being burnt, doth stop the excres-

cencies of (proud) flesh, & doth stay the Nomae, & doth consume the Clavi,

& the

Thymi.

The

flesh

thereof,

as also

all salted

meate, is good both for such as are smitten of a Scorpion, & for such as are smitten by a dogge.

31. The

head

MAINIS.

of the Moena

Sparus Maena

being burnt,

and

beaten

small,

& soe

sprinckled on, doth amend the callosas fissuras in Sede, but ye Garum thereof being rolled up & downe about the mouth, doth assuage ye rotten ulcers therein.

32.

KopBios.

Gobius niger

If putting a Sea Gudgeon newly taken into a swines maw, & sewing it up againe, you

seeth it with

12 sextaries

of water,

till they

LIVING comme

CREATURES

IOI

to twoe sextaries, & then straining it & cooling it in the

open ayre, you giue it to one to drinke, you shall heerby bring downe his belly without any perturbation. Being applyed it doth help such as are bitten of doggs or serpents.

33.

OmoraricHos.

Tunny-flesh

That which is called Omotarichos, is the flesh of the salted Tunny. This being taken doth help such as are bitten of ye viper called Prester. But they which eate it must be compelled to drinke great store of wine, & soe to vomitt. It is excellent good also for ye same purposes that the eating of sharpe meates are. It is also profitably applyed to ye bitings of doggs.

34.

GARRON.

Garum from Salt Fish

All Garum, (which is the liquor) that commes out of salted flesh or fish, being applyed, doth represse the Nomas, & heales such as are bitten of doggs, and it is giuen somme-tyme by way of glister to the Dysentericall & ye Ischiaticall, to those that it may represse the exulcerations (of the bowells), to these that it may provoke to exulceration ye parts not exulcerated to voyd ye humors vexing ye hipps.

35. ZOMOS

NEARON

ICHTHUON.

Fish Soup

But the broth which is made of ye new fish, sommetimes of itself

& sommetimes being dranck with wine, hath a propertie of mollifying ye belly, but that broth is most proper for this which is made of ye fishes called Phycides, Scorpions, Tulides,! Percae, &

other tender rock fishes, & such as are not of a poysonous nature, sod with nothing else but water, & oyle, & Annise, (& salt).

36. KoreIs.

Bed Bugs

Cimices of ye bed, (being taken) to the number of seven of them & put in meate with beanes, and swallowed downe before the fitt,

doe help such as haue ye quartaine ague. And being swallowed downe without beanes, (they help such as are) bitten by an Aspick. Being smellt vnto, they call back such againe as are fallen into a swoune by the strangulation of the Vulua. Being dranck with wine or vinegar, they expell horse leaches. Being beaten small & put into the Urinaria Fistula they cure the Dysuria.

37. KOUBARIDES Millepedae, which are found vnder water vessells, are creatures

with many feet, which roll themselues up round when they are toucht with ye hand. These being dranck with wine doe help the 1 Labrus Julis.

102

DIOSCORIDES eb

Kath

dysurie, & the yellow jaundise. Being anointed on with Hony they help such as haue the squinzy, & being warmed in a Pommegranat rinde with Rosaceum, & soe dropt in they are good for ye paine in ye eares.

38. SILPHE.

Blatta orientalis

Cockroach The inward parts of that kind of Blatta which is found in Bakehowses, & millhowses, being beaten with oyle, or sodd & dropt into the eares doth assuage their paine.

39. PNEUMON THALASSIOS. Jelly-fish Pulmo Marinus being beaten small whilst it is new & soe applyed, doth help such as are troubled with kibes & chilblanes, & such as haue ye goute.

40. PNEUMON

CuHorRIos.

Lungs of Swine, Lamb or Bear

The lunges of a Swine, Lamme, or Beare, being layd to gallings in ye feet made by the rubbings of ye shooe, doe keep them from inflammations.

41. PNEUMON

ALOPEKOS.

Lungs of Fox

And the Lunges of a Fox, being dryed, & dranck, doth help the Asthmaticall;

& the grease of the same, being melted, & poured

in, doth assuage the paine of ye eare.

42. HEPAR

ONEIRON.

Ass’s Liver

An Ass’s Liuer being eaten roasted, is good for the Epilepticall, but let them take it fasting.

43. AIDOION

ARRENOS ELAPHOU.

Testes of Deer

The genitall of a male Hart, being beaten small, & dranck with

wine, doth help those who haue been bitten of Vipers.

44. ONUCHES

ONoN.

Ass’s Hoofs

An Ass’s hoofes being burnt, & the quantitie of twoe spoonefulls thereof being dranck for many daies together, are sayd to cure the Epilepticall; but being macerated in oyle, they dissolve ye strumae, being sprinckled on also they heale ye Perniones.

45. LEICHENES Hippon.

Spavins of Horses

The Lichenes of Horses, are (according todescription) that obdurate substance, which growes hardened at their knees, & at their hoofs,

which being beaten small, & dranck with vinegar, are sayd to cure Epilepses.

PARTS

46. ONUCHES

OF ANIMALS

AIGON.

103

Goats’ Hoofs

The Ungulae of ye Goates being burnt, and anointed on with vinegar cure the Alopeciae.

47. HEPAR

AIGos.

Goat’s Liver

The sanies that doth distill from ye liver of ye Goate whilst it is a roasting, being anointed on is good for such as are troubled with ye Nyctalopia. And if any receaue the smoake thereof with open eyes, whilst it is a-seething, he doth receave benefitt thereby ; being also eaten when it is roasted, it is good for the same purposes. They say that the Epilepticall may be heerby found out, by eating the liuer, especially of ye Buck goate.

48. HEPAR

Kaprou.

Boar’s Liver

The liuer of a Boare, (taken whilst it is) new, and dryed, & beaten small, & soe dranck with wine, is a remedie against ye bitings of Serpents, & beasts...

49.

HEeparR

Kunos

LussonTos.

Liver of Mad Dog

The liuer of a mad Dogge, being eaten roasted by those which haue been bitt by him, is thought to keep them safe from ye feare of water. For a precaution they also use the dogge tooth of that dogge which did bite, putting it into a bagge, & soe tying it to the arme.

50.

HEPAR

AITHUAS.

Liver of the Diver

The liver of the Mergus, being dryed, & dranck with Hydromel to ye quantitie of twoe spoonefulls, doth expell ye Secondines.

51. KATTUMATA.

Old Leather

The old leather of old soles of shooes, beeing burnt, beaten to powder, & soe layed on, do help burnings, intertrigines, gallings occasioned by wearing of shooes.

52. ALEKTORIDES.

Parts of Fowls

Hens being cut asunder, & applyed whilst they are yet warme, help the bitings of Serpents, but they must be changed often.

53. ENKEPHALOS

ALEKTORIDOS.

Parts of Fowls

But the braine of them is giuen to be dranck in wine to such as are bitten of venemous beasts, & it stops ye fluxes of blood from ye Meninx. But that (membrane) of the cocks which lyes in the inward part vnder the ventricle, (hard & cleare) like an horne, & which vseth to haue skinne taken off when it is sod, is good for

104

DIOSCORIDES

Bike!

ye stomachici, being dryed, beate to a powder, & dranck with wine. But the broth of a chick drest simply (without anything else) is especially given for ye temperating of foul humors, and for such as haue hot burning stomachs. But the broth of old cocks is giuen for the purging of ye body. Hauing taken out his gutts you must put in salt instead thereof, & then hauing sewed up his belly, seeth him

in twenty

sectaries

of water,

till they

comme to three Heminae, all which must be giuen after it hath stood a-cooling awhile in the open ayre. There are somme which seeth Sea Colewort, or Mercurie, or Cnicum, or Polypodie, together with it. It driues out thick, raw, glewy, (or clammie) black (humors). It is good for long continuing agues, for ye Asthmaticall for ye Arthriticall, & for stomachs labouring with Inflation. [But the maw of those, being salted and dryed in the shade, is the best help, being taken to ye weight of three dragms, against immoderate evacuations by purging medicines, for it presently stops the evacuating, but it must be beaten into powder and mixt with water, & soe given.

54. Oon.

Eggs and their Yolk

A soft egge doth nourish more

than that which is sorbile, & the

hard more than the soft. The yolke of it is good for ye griefs of ye eyes, being roasted with Saffron & Rosaceum. It is good also for ye inflammations about ye seate and for the Condylomata with Melilot. Being fryed in a pan with ye seed of Sumach, or Galls, & eaten, or else given of itself, it stops the belly.

55. LEUKON Tou oov.

White of Egg

The white of it being raw doth coole, it stops (the pores of the skinne) & being dropt vpon inflamed eyes it doth lenifie them; & being anointed on presently (after ye hurt taken) it doth not suffer burnings to breake out into pustules. It keeps faces from sunne burning. It is a glutinamentum of such as are troubled with fluxes, to represse them, being layed with franckincense vpon the forehead. It doth assuage ye inflammations of the eyes, being taken in wool, and Rosaceum,

& wine, & hony mixed therewith.

But if it be supt up raw, it doth help the bitings of ye serpent called Haemorrhois; & being a little warmed, it is good for ye frettings of ye bladder, & the exulceration of ye kidnies, & for ye roughness of the aspera Arteria, & ye casting up of blood, and Catarrhs, & rhumes of ye Thorax.

LIVING

CREATURES

56. TETTIGES.

105

Grasshoppers

Grasshoppers if they be eaten roasted, doe help the griefs about the bladder.

57. AKRIDES.

Locusts

Locusts being suffumigated, doe help the difficulties of pissing, especially in women folke, but they haue a flesh that is vnprofitable. But that kinde of Locust, which is called Asiracos, or Onos, is

without wings, hauing great members when it is young.! This being dryed, & dranck with wine doth greatly help such as are bitten of Scorpions, but the Africans which inhabit Leptis feed on these abundantly.

58. PHINIS.

Falco Ossifragus.

Ossifrage

Phinis, a fowle, which in Latin they call Ossifragum, of this being

giuen little by little in drincke, is sayd to expell ye stone by urine.

59. KORUDALLOS. Alauda cristata Crested Lark The Larck is but a little bird, hauing vpon ye top of his head a tuff standing up, like to that of the Peacock.

This bird being eaten

roasted is good for such as are troubled with ye colick.

60. CHELIDON.

Stones of Swallows

Cutting asunder at ye increase of ye moone young Swallowes which are of the first hatching, you shall finde stones in their bellyes, of which taking two, (you shall haue) one of diuers colours, & the other cleare [& of one colour]. Putting these in an heyfer’s or hart’s skinne before they touch the ground, & tying them to ye arme or neck, you shall hereby ease, & many tymes wholly recouer ye Epilepticall. But they being eaten, as also ye Ficedulae,? are a medicine for causing sharp sight; & the ashes of them & of their dammes being burnt in an earthen pott, & anointed on with Hony doth cause sharpenesse of sight. It is good also, being anointed on, for such as haue ye squinancie, & for the inflamma-

tions of ye Uvae, & ye Tonsillae. But they themselues, & their young ones being dryed, & dranck, ye weight of one dragme with water, doe help such as haue ye Squinancie.

61. ELEPHANTOS

ODONTOS

RINISMA.

Elephant’s Tooth

The scraping of Elephant’s tooth, being layd on doth cure the Reduvias unguium. It hath a binding facultie. ' Larva of Gryllus migratorius.

2 Motacilla Ficedula L.

106

DIOSCORIDES FB Ka

62. ASTRAGALOS

Uos.

Knuckle-bone of Pig

The Talus of a Swine being burnt till from black it become white, then being beaten to powder, & soe dranck doth heale the inflationes coli, and tormina of long continuance.

63. ELAPHOU KERAsS.

Burnt Hartshorn

The horne of an Hart being burnt, & washt, if it be dranck the quantitie of twoe spoonfulls, is good for blood-spitters, for ye dysentericall, for ye Coeliaci, for the ictericall, and for the griefs of ye bladder with gumme Tragacanth. It is good also for women troubled with ye flux (of ye wombe) being giuen with somme liquor fitting for that grief. It is burnt in an Oven, being beaten & put into a raw earthen pott, luted about with clay (where it must stand) till it is white, (& then afterward) it is washt in like manner as Cadmia is. And such as this is good for ye fluxes, & vicers in ye eyes, & being rubbed on it doth cleanse ye teeth. If it be burnt, being raw, it driues away serpents (with the smell): being sod with vinegar, & ye mouth washt therewith it assuageth the paine of the inner teeth.

64. KaAmpaAI.

Caterpillars

The Erucae, which breed vpon pot-herbes, being anointed with oyle about anyone, are sayd to save him harmelesse from the biting of poisnous beasts. ;

65. KANTHARIDES.

(1) Meloé Proscarabaeus (2) Mylabris Dioscoridis

Blister-beetles Those Cantharides (1) are fitt for store which are gathered from ye corne, putting them into an unglazed vessell, & binding about the mouth thereof with a cleane thinne linnen cloth: turne them towards ye smoake of very sharpe vinegar warmed, & there hold them till they be stifled; then thrusting them through with a thread, lay them up. Those are the most effectual, which haue most diuersitie of colours (2) & haue yellowish crosse strakes [in their winges,] are long bodyed, full, fatt, as the Blattae. But those of one colour are ineffectuall.

66. BOUPRESTEIS After the like manner are the Buprestes layed vp for store, being a kinde of the Cantharides, & the Erucae of the Pine-tree.!

And

these being a little roasted in hot ashes, are layd vp to be kept in a sieve that hangs up. The common force of them is Septicall, 1 Liparis monacha or Lasiocampa pini.

LIVING

CREATURES

107

exulceratorie, & excalfactorie, whence it is that they are mixed in medicines that cure the Carcinomata, & Leprosies, and the wilde Impetigines. They provoke the Menses, being mixed with mollifying Pessums. Somme also haue related that Cantharides doe help ye Hydropicall as mouing the vrine. Somme also haue deliuered that ye wings & feet of them, are an Antidot for such as haue dranck Cantharides.

67. SALAMANDRA. Common

Salamandra terrestris Salamander

The Salamander is a kinde of Lizard, lazie, diuersely spotted, in vaine thought that it will not burne. It hath a Septicall, exulcerating, calfactorie power. It is mixed in Septicall and Lepricall Medicines as also Cantharides are, & it is layd up in store after the like manner. Being moystned with oyle it doth doe away the haire. But being vnbowelled, the head & ye feet taken away, it is preserued in Hony for the selfsame use.

68. ARACHNE.

(1) Aranea retiaria (2) Aranea domestica Spiders

The Spider, that creature which somme call Holcos, or Lycos [that is, Raptor, vel Lupus]! being wrought into one masse with a plaister, and spread vpon linnen, & soe layed to ye forehead or temples, doth cure the periodicall circuits of tertian agues. The Cobweb of it being layd on doth stanch bloud, and keeps such vlcers as breake out at ye top of the skinne from inflammation. There is another kinde of spider, which spinns a white web, thinne, and

thick, of which it is sayd that being put into a purse of leather & hanged about the arme, it doth cure the courses of quartane agues. Being sod together with Rosaceum, & soe poured in, it doth help the paine of the eares.

69. SAURA The Head of the Lizard, being beaten small, and soe applyed, doth draw out splinters, or whatsoeuer else doth stick to (ye bodye), & it doth take away the formicantes verrucas, & ye Pensiles which they call Acrochordonas, and Cornes. But ye liver of it being put 1 “ Anglice’ the Hauler or the Wolf.

108

DIOSCORIDES,

BK. II

into ye hollownesse of teeth, causeth the paine to cease.

But being

cut quite asunder, & layed on, it doth ease them that haue been

smitten of a Scorpion.

70. SEPS.

Seps, which somme

Seps chalcides ov Zygnis tridactyla

call ye Calchidicen Lizard, being dranck in

wine, doth heale those which are bitten by him.

71. SKINKOS.

Scincus officinalis

The Schinchi, somme are bred in Egypt, somme in India, & somme at the Red Sea, & somme are found in Libya, a river of Mauritania. It is an earth Crocodile, of its own

kinde, preserued in salt with

Nasturtium. They say, that that part of it which lyes about ye kidnies, being dranck the quantitie of a dragme in wine is a great provocatiue to lust, (& yet for all that), that by ye decoction of Lentills being dranck with hony, or ye seed of Lettuce dranck with water, the vehemencie of this inclination is represt. It is also mixed with Antidots.

72. ENTERA Ges. Earth-worms The Wormes of the earth, being beaten small, & soe layd on, doth

glue together Sinews cut asunder. And they doe also dissolue tertians. But being sod with Goose-grease, they doe cure ye diseases of the eares being dropt therein. And being sod together with oyle, & poured into ye contrary eare, they help tooth-aches. They being beaten small, & dranck with Passum doe expell the urine.

73. MUOGALE.

Sorex araneus.

Shrew-mouse

The shrew mouse being cut asunder, & applyed, is a remedie for his owne biting.

74. Murs.

House-mouse

That howse mice, being cut asunder, are applyed profitably to those which

are smitten

of Scorpions,

is confest, & that being

eaten roasted they do drye the spittle in the mouths of children.

MILK

AND

DAIRY

75. GALA.

PRODUCE

109

Milk

All milke commonly is of good juice, nourishing, mollifying the belly, causing the stomach & bowels to be pufft vp with inflation. But that is of a more waterie substance which is of ye spring, than that of the summer, & that which commes of green pasture doth more mollify the belly. That milke is best which is white, & of an equall thicknesse, & which standes when it is dropt on ye nayle. But goat’s milke doth lesse stirr the belly, because goates for ye most part do feed on binding food, on ye oake & Lentisck, & the leaues of the Oliue tree, and Terebinth, wherefore it is also good

for the stomach. But sheep’s milke is both thick & sweet & very fatt, but not soe good for ye stomach. But cow’s milke, and ass’s, & mare’s milke make the belly more laxative & trouble it. But all milke overturnes the stomach & ye belly where ye pasture is Scammonie, or Ellebor, or Mercurie, or Clematis, as hath

been obserued by vs in the Vestin mountaines. For ye goates which feed vpon the leaues of ye white Ellebore when they first shoot out, they themselues doe vomitt, & their milke is an ouerturner of ye stomach, & of a nauseous nature. But all milke when it is sod becommes binding of the belly & especially that which is evaporated by burning flints; & in generall it doth help all inward vlcers, especially of the throate, of ye lungs, of the entrailes, of ye kidnies, of the bladder. And against all itchings of appearance, pustules, & corrupt humors, it is giuen new, with raw hony, & a little water tempered together, salt also being mixed with it. But that which hath been once sod, is lesse inflative.

But

that which is sod to half with peeble stones doth help the fluxes of the belly, which are accompanyed with exulceration.

76. ORROS GALAKTOS.

Whey

All milke hath whey wrapt within it, which being severed (from ye milke) is ye fitter for purging, being giuen vnto such whome wee

would purge without acrimonie, as vnto the melancholy, epilepticall, leprosie, Elephantiasis, and the pustules that breake out about

ye whole bodye.

77. GALA

SCHISTON.

Junket

All milk is divided if it be sod in a new earthen vessel & be stirred with a figge-tree branch new cut downe, & after it hath sod twice or thrice, there be poured into it a Cyathus of Oxymel for everie Hemina of milke: for soe is the whey parted from ye cheesie matter.

IIO

DIOSCORIDES

TDK it

But that the milke may not seeth over, you must euer in the seething rub the brimme of the vessell with a sponge dipt in cold water, and let down a Sextarie made of Silver full of cold water

into it. The whey is giuen to drinck at intervals in quantity of from

one

Hemina

to five, and

let them

that

drinck

it walke

about during the tyme. New milke also is good for the erosions and inflammations occasioned by deadly medicines, as of the Cantharis, or the Pityocampa, or the Salamandra, or ye Bupreste, or Hyoscyamus, or Dorycnium, or Aconitum, or Ephemerum. But for this Cow’s milke doth most properly conduce. It is also gargarized for the exulcerations of mouths and ye Tonsillae. But especially Ass’s milke being gargarized in ye mouth, doth strengthen the gummes and the teeth: sheep’s milk, or cow’s or goates milke doth stop the fluxes accom-

panied with exulceration, if it be sod by putting hot burning flints into it. It is giuen also by way of Glyster, either by itself, or with Ptissana (Barley water), or the Creame of Halica (Gruel), greatly assuaging ye gnawings of the entrailes. It is also injected into an exulcerated vulua.

78. GALA GUNAIKOS.

Woman’s milk

But woman’s milke is ye sweetest and most nourishing. Being sucked it is good for the gnawing of ye stomach & the Consumption. It is good also for 6ne that hath dranck downe a Sea-Hare. Being mixed with Franckincense beaten small, it is dropt into eyes that are bloudshot by a blow. And it is good for the goutie being anointed on with Meconium & Ceratium. But all milke is naught for ye spleneticall, the Hepaticall, for ye Vertiginous, Epileptical, & such as are troubled in their sinewes, for such as haue feauers, or whose heads doe ake, unless at any tyme one give them whey for purgation sake, as hath been formerly showed. Some say that the milke of a bitch when shee doth first whelp, doth do away haire being anointed on, & that being dranck, it is an Antidot against Poysonous medicines, & that it is a caster out of dead Embryos.

79. TUROS NEAROS.

New Cheese

New cheese being eaten without salt, is nourishing, good for ye stomach, easy of digestion, encreasing the flesh, & indifferently mollifying ye belly. Yet somme is better than other according to

ye nature of the milke of which it is made.

But being sod, &

strained out, afterward roasted, it doth binde the belly, and being

layed on it is good for the inflammations, & sugillations of ye eyes.

DAIRY

PRODUCE

irae

But the new salted is more nourishing, being eaten is fitt for ye abating of the flesh, is bad for the stomach, grieuing the belly and the bowels. But that which is older binds ye belly ;& ye whey that is made of cheese, is very good nourishment for doggs.

80. Hippace.

Horse-cheese

That which they call Hippace is Horse-cheese, of a poysonous smell, yet very nourishing, proportionally aunswering to that which is made of kine. Yet somme haue called the Horse’s Rennet by the name of Hippace.

81. BuTuron.

Butter

Good butter is made of ye fattest milke, such as is ewe milke: it is made also of that of goates, the milk being stirred about in vessells till ye fatt be separated. It is of a mollifying facultie & hath the qualitie of oyle. And being largely dranck of, it doth loose the belly, & oyle being not present, it is good against poyson. Being mixt & rubbed on with Hony, it doth help toothing and itching of ye gummes in children, & ye vlcers of ye mouth (aphthae). Being anointed on outwardly, it keeps the body in good habit & preserues it from breaking out into pustules. That of it also which is neither stincking nor old, is good against ye inflammations & hardnesses of ye wombe. Also it is giuen by way of Glister for Dysenteries and for ye exulceration of the Colus. It is also profitably mixed in suppurating medicines, and especially in ye wounds about ye nerves, and ye Meninges, & ye bladder, & ye neck.

The selfsame doth fill, & cleanse, and breed flesh ; and being

applyed, it is good for such as are bitten by an Aspick. That which is new is put in sawce for meates instead of oyle, & in Cakes instead of fatt. But there is a Fuligo gathered out of butter after this manner: Pour some Butter into a new lamp, set it on fire, & hauing couered it, let it burne in an earthen vessel made like a Siphunculus, narrow above, but vnderneath having holes like ye Clibani. And when the first Butter is consumed, pour in other, & do after the like manner, till you have got as much fuligo as you desire. Then scrape it off with a feather or wing and use it. It hath force in eye medicines, to drye and to binde. It stops fluxes, & quickly brings ulcers to a Cicatrix.

82. Erta.

Wool

The best vnwasht wool is ye soft, & that which commes from ye neck & from the thighes. Being good in ye beginning for wounds, bruises, peelings, black & blue squatts, breakings of bones, being moystened in vinegar and oile, or wine. For they doe easily

T12

DIGSCORIDES,

BKeIL

drinke vp the liquors into which they are dipt, & by reason of ye [filth sticking to them, they call it] Oesypum, they are mollifying. They are good also for ye headach, & for ye paines of the stomach, & of any other place, being applyed with vinegar & Rosaceum.

83. ERIA KEKAUMENA.

Burnt Wool

But burnt wools haue ye power of incrustating, & of repressing excrescencies of flesh, of drawing ulcers to a cicatrix. They are burnt, as ye rest, being made cleane & carded, in a raw earthen vessell.

After the same

manner, locks of wool, which haue been

dyed with sea purple, are burnt. But somme carding wool with the filth on, & moystening it with Hony, soe burne it. Somme againe laying little spitts in an earthen vessell with a broade mouth, distant one from the other, and laying thinne chipps of the Teda! therevpon, & putting the woll carded & moystned with oyle, vpon them, yet soe that it may not drop, & againe laying the chipps & the wool againe one vpon the other by turne, they set the Teda! vnder gently on fire, & take them away being burnt. And if any fatnesse, or pitch fall downe from the Teda, they are taken

& layd vp together. But (that ashie part of ye wool) is washt for eye medicines in an earthen vessell, water being poured thereon & lustily stirred about with the handes; & after it is settled, the water being poured out,& other poured on, & stirred about againe. And this is done till being put to ye tongue, it doe not bite, but sommewhat binde.

ADEPS OR FATS. 84-95 84. OIsuPON. Wool Fat or Lanolin The greasinesse of unwasht wool is called Oesypum, which you shall prepare thus. Taking soft wool unwasht, (not) scowred with the herbe Sopeweed, wash them in hott water, withall squeesing out all the filth, and casting it into a broade-mouthed vessell, and powring water thereon, pour it from on high back againe with a great spoone, tumbling it downe forcibly till it foame, or with a stick stir it about lustily, till that much & a foul

foame be gathered together.

Afterwards

sprinckle it with sea-

water. And when the fat that did swim upon it, is settled, put it into another earthen vessell, & pouring water into the vessell,

stirr it about againe, and sprinckle ye foame with water, & take it againe. And do this, till there be no more foam standing vpon it, the greasie matter being spent. Then tempering with ye hand ye Oesypum that is gathered, presently, if it haue any filth (remaining t A torch of Pitch pine.

WOOL FAT—RENNET

113

vpon) take it away. And letting ye first water fall away drop by drop, & pouring in other, & stirring it about with ye hand, till being put to the tongue, it do not bite, but somewhat bind, and it looks

fatt, & cleane, & white, & soe put it vp into an earthen vessell. But somme But let all this be done when the sunne is warme. pressing out the grease, doe wash it in cold water, rubbing it with their handes as women

do Cerats, & this is the whiter.

Somme

againe, washing the wool & pressing out ye filth, seeth it with water in a kettle over a gentle fire, & taking away the grease that stands uppermost, wash it in water as is allready sayd, & straining it out into an earthen platter that hath warme water in it, & couering it ouer with a linnen cloth, they set it abroade in ye sunne till it becomme sufficiently thick and white. And somme after two dayes pouring out ye first water, poure in other. But that is best which is not made cleane with ye Radicula, & is smooth, smelling of unwasht wool, and which being rubbed with cold water in a shell growes white & hath nothing in it hard or compacted, as that which is counterfaited with Cerat or Adeps. Now it hath the power of warming, mollifying & of filling of ulcers, especially of those about the seate & the Vulua, with Melilot and butter, and being applyed in woll, it driues out the Embrya & the Menses, (and it is good) for ye griefs in the eares, & ye genitall with goose grease. It is good also for ye corners of the eyes, that haue been eaten into round about, & are scabbed, & for eye-lids which are growne hardened and shed their haire. But Oesypum is burnt in a new earthen vessell, till being turned into ashes it loses all its fatnesse. There is also a Fuligo gathered of it, after ye same manner as wee haue formerly showed, good for eye medicines.

85. PiTuA.

Kennet

The Rennet of an Hare, being dranck to the quantitie of three Oboli in wine, is good for such as are bitten of venemous beasts &

ye Coeliaci, & for ye dysentericall, & for women that are troubled with a flux from ye wombe, & for the clotting together of blood, & for ye casting it out of ye breast: being layd after the cleansing, [that is monthly, & a little before the lying together] to the Vulua with Butter, it causeth conception. But being dranck it doth destroy the Embrya, & after ye menstruall purging it hinders conception. But the Rennet of an Horse, which by somme is called Hippace, is particularly good for the Coeliacall, and Dysentericall.

But the Rennet of a Lambe, of a Kidde, and of a Fawne,

& of a Doe, of ye Platyceros, of ye Dorcas, & of ye Hart, & of the I

II4

DIOSCORIDESABiewil

Calfe, and of the Bugle,! haue the like vertue, being good if they be taken in wine against Aconitum being dranck, & for the clotting of milke if it be taken with vinegar. And in particular the rennet of a Fawne, being applyed ye third day after ye monthly purgation, doth hinder conception. But ye Rennet of the Sea-calf, is for ye strength of it, much like vnto Castorium. And it is thought to be especially good for the Epilepticall, being dranck, & for ye stranglings of the womb. Now to know whether it be ye right Rennet of the Sea-calf it is tryed thus. Take the Rennet of somme other creature, especially of a Lambe, and hauing put water vnto it, let it alone a little while, then afterward, pour the liquor in which that lay vpon ye Rennet of the Sea-calf. For if it be the right, it forthwith melts into water, & if it be not the same,

it

remaines as it was. Now (this Sea-calves Rennet) is taken from ye young ones when not yet able to swimme together (with ye old). But in generall all Rennet doth gather together thinges that are scattered, and doth dissolue things which are gathered together.

86. STEAR.

Goose-grease

The fatt, soe it be new, either of geese or of pultry, or if it be kept long yet without salt, is good for the griefs about ye wombe. But that which is salted, or turned into Sowrenesse through age, is an enemie to ye wombe.. Taking any of these new, & stripping off ye skinne

from

it, cast it into a new

earthen

vessell, which

may

containe twice as much as ye fatt that you meane to provide. Then hauing couered ye vessell carefully, set it abroade vnto a very hot sunne, then strain out that which is melted of it into another

earthen vessell vntill all be spent, then set it into a very cold place & use it. But somme instead of the Sunne, doe set the vessell ouer hott water, or ouer a little & gentle coale fire. There is also another way of preparing it, after this manner. After that ye skinne is taken off from ye fatt, it is beaten, & being cast into a platter, is melted, a little small salt being cast vpon it, then being strained through a linen cloth, it is set vp. And such fat as this, is good to be mixt with such medicines as take away

wearinesse.

87. STEAR HUEION KAI ARNEION. Grease

Lard and Bears

The fatt of Swine & of Beares is prepared after this manner. Taking that which is new & grosse such as is that which growes ' Antilope Bubalis.

SUET

115

vpon the kidnies, & the skinne being taken off, cast it into a good quantitie of very cold raine-water, rubbing it carefully with ye handes and as it were reviuing it againe. Then having washt it often in other water, put it into an earthen vessel that will hold twice as much as that commes to, and, putting in as much water as may cover the fatt, set it ouer a gentle fire of coales, & stirr it

with a splatter; & when it is melted strain it through a strainer into water, & soe letting it coole; then putting out all the water gently from it, carefully put it againe into another vessell ready washt beforehand, & putting in water vpon it, melt it gently. Then hauing taken it downe, & suffered the dreggs to settle a little, put it out into a mortar moystened with a sponge. And when it is growne together, taking it downe, & taking off ye filth lying in the bottom, melt it againe the third tyme without water, and pouring it againe into ye mortar, and hauing made it cleane, put it vp into an earthen vessell, and hauing stopt it close, set it up in a very cold place.

88.

STEAR TRAGEION, KAI PROBATEION, KAI ELAPHEION

Mutton Suet, &c. Goates, sheeps, & moreover Harts sewett, is thus to be prepared. Take ye fat of either of these, as is before sayd, & hauing washt it, as is formerly exprest in ye preparation of that of swine, & pulled off the skinne from it, put it into a mortar to temper it, & beate it

pouring in a little water vpon it, till nothing like blood comme from it, nor noe fatt swimme vpon it, & it becomme cleare. Then casting it into an earthen vessell, & adding vnto it as much water as may couer it ouer, put it ouer a gentle coale fire, & stirr it about.

But when all is melted, hauing poured it into water and cooled it, & hauing washt ye vessell, melt it ye second tyme, and doe according to ye directions formerly set downe. Then hauing melted it the third tyme, without

water,

straine

it out into a mortar

moystned with water, and when cold lay it vp in store, as hath been sayd of that of swine.

89. STEAR BoEION.

Beef Suet

From Oxe, or Cowes suett also, which is of the kidnies, the skinne is to be taken off, and it must be washt in sea water taken out of ye

deep, then it must be cast into a mortar & beaten carefully, sprinckling the sea-water vpon it. When all is dissolued, it must be put into an earthen vessell, and soe much sea-water poured into it, as may stand noe lesse than a spanne aboue it, & it must be sod till it hath lost its owne smell. Afterward for euerie Attick pounde

I16

DIOSCORIDES,

BK.

II

of ye Suett, you must cast in 4 dragms of Tyrrhenian wax. Then, hauing strained it & taken away the filth that lyes in ye bottomme, it must be put vp into a new vessell. Afterward, being couered, it is to be set abroade euery day into ye Sunne that it may growe white & cast away its ranck savour. 90.

STEAR

TAUREION, PARDALEION Bulls Suet, &c.

KAI

LEONTEION

Bulls suett must be prepared after this manner. Taking of this also that which is new & from ye kidnies, wash it with running water of the riuer, & hauing pulled off the skinne put it into a new earthen vessell, sprinckling a little of Salt thereon, & soe melt it. Then straining it out into cleare water, when it beginnes to con-

geale, rubbing it diligently with ye handes, againe pouring out, & pouring on water, till it be thoroughly washt; then putting it into the vessell againe, seeth it with the lke quantitie of sweetsmelling wine. And when it shall haue sod twice, taking away ye vessell from the fire, let the fatt continue therein all night. The day after, if there be any ranck smell left in it, putting out ye aforesayd into another earthen vessell, pour in againe sweetsmelling wine vpon it, & doe soe to it as hath been formerly showed, till it cast off all rancknesse of smell. It is melted also without salt, to be made vse of in somme griefs to which salt is

contrary. But that which is prepared after this manner is not very white. After the same manner are both the Panthers, and the Lyons, and the wild Boares, and the Camells, & ye Horses, & other ye like fatts prepared.

91. STEAR POS AROMATISTEON. The Blending of Fats with Scent Calves fatt, as also the fatt of Bulls, & of the Hart & ye marrow of

this creature are made to haue a sweet smell after this manner. Hauing taken off ye skinne from that fatt which you would haue to smell sweet, & washing it as wee haue sayd, and seething it in odoriferous wine, & that without any sea-water in it, afterward

taking it downe & soe letting it continue all night. Then pouring in more wine of the same kinde & of ye same measure with that formerly giuen & melting it, & carefully skimming of it, vnto nine Heminae of the fatt, cast in 7 dragms of Iuncus Arabicus. But if you would make it smell sweeter, adde heerevnto forty dragms of the flowers of ye same, & as many dragms of Palma, Cassia, & Calamus, & one dragme of Aspalathus, & Xylobalsamum,

FATS

sip /

& mix herewithall of Cinnamon, of Cardamomum,

of Nardus, of

each one ounce.

After pour in

But let all be beaten very small.

odoriferous wine, and hauing stopt the vessell close, set it fast over coales and seeth alltogether thrice, and taking it from the fire, let

it there abide all night.

Then the day following pour out the

wine, & put in more of the same kinde, seeth it together thrice in

like manner, & take it off. On ye morrow after hauing taken out the salt poure out ye wine, then hauing washt ye vessell & taken away ye filth that stuck in ye bottomme, & hauing melted it & hauing strained it, set it vp & use it. After the same manner is that which was prepared before, made to smell sweet. The aforesayd fatts are thus first thickned, that they may the more readily receive the strength of the sweet odoure. Taking which of those you will, seeth it with wine, putting thereto a Myrtle branch, Serpyllum, and Cyperus, as also Aspalathus, all thoroughly beaten. But somme are content with one of these for this vse. When it hath sod the third tyme, take it off gently, and hauing strayned it through a linnen cloth, then aromatize it as is allready showed. Furthermore, fatts are also thickned after this manner. Hauing beaten which of them you will, yet such as is new & vnmixt with blood, & hauing other marcks which haue been often spoken of, cast them into a new vessell, and pouring in old odoriferous white wine, that it may exceed 8 fingers in depth, seeth them

together,

vsing

a slack

fire, till it haue

lost

its natiue

scent & doe rather smell of the wine. Then taking downe ye vessell & cooling it, take out 2 pound of fatt, and putting it intoa vessell and adding therevnto 4 Heminae of the same wine, & of ye seed of the Lote tree, of that tree whose wood those who make Pipes doe vse, beaten, fowre poundes, seeth it with a

gentle fire, stirring it about continually ;& when it shall haue cast away all its strong greasie smell, hauing strained it, let it coole. And taking of bruised Aspalathus one pounde, & of the flowers of Amaracinum 4 poundes, steep them in old wine, & let them drinke one night. Then the day following, putt them & the fatt into a new earthen vessell that will hold three Congij, and add heerevnto half a Congius of wine, & seeth all together. And when the fatt shall haue receaued all the strength & smell of ye thicknings, hauing taken it downe & strayned it, melt it, & soe set it vp. But if you would make it to smell sweeter, mix heerewithall eight dragms of ye fattest Myrrhe, diluted in wine of many yeares standing..

118

DIOSCORKIDESS

BKeerr

But poultries or goose grease is made to haue a sweet scent after this manner. Take of either of these which haue been already prepared 4 Heminae, & putting them into an earthenware pot, mix with it of Erysisceptrum, & of Xylobalsamum, furthermore of Palma elata, & of Calamus, exactly beaten, of each

12 dragms, & hauing added heerevnto one Cyathus of old Lesbian wine, set it ouer the coales and make it seeth thrice, then taking the vessell from the fire, & suffering the thinges which are in it to cool for one day & night, the day following melt them & iuice them through a cleane linnen cloath into a cleane vessell. But when the fatt shall congeal, taking out with a spoon ye aforesayd, cast it into new earthen vessell, & stopping it close, set it vp ina very cold place. But all this must be donne in the winter, for in ye summer it will not cleave together. But somme for ye standing of them, and making them cleave together, doe mix a little Tyrrhenian wax. After the same

manner,

are both swines fatt, & beares fatt, &

ye like, made to haue an odoriferous smell.

g2. STEAR

POS SAMPSUCHITETAI.

To Perfume Fat with

Sampsuchum Fatt is made to smell of Sampsuchum thus, Taking one pounde of fat well praepared, (but Iet it be especially Bulls fatt) & of ripe Sampsuchum, accurately bruised, a pound & an half, mix them, and sprinckling thereon good store of wine, forme them into little cakes, afterward putting them into a vessell & couering them, let them stay for that night. In the morning casting them into an earthen vessell & pouring water vpon them, seeth them gently. But when the fatt shall cast off his own proper savour, strayning it, and letting it stand well-couered all that night, the morrow taking out ye paste, hauing cooled it & wiping away ye filth in ye bottomme, mix againe of bruised Sampsuchum, as was formerly sayd, another

pounde

& an

half, & make

it againe into little

cakes, doing therewith all ye other thinges as haue been formerly sayd. Aboue all things, seething it, & straining it, & withal taking away filth if any be in ye bottomme, & soe set it vp ina very cold place.

93. STEAR CHENEION KAI ORNITHEION To preserve Fat of Geese and Poultry If anyone would keep ye fatt which is not prepared, either of geese, or of pultry, or of calues from putrifying, thus it is to be

FATS donne.

119g

Taking which of these you will, new, wash it well, & after

you haue thoroughly cooled it on a sieue in ye shade, cast it when it is drie, into a cleane linnen cloth, and press it out strongly with thine handes. Then hauing put a string through it, hang it vp in a shadie place. Then after many dayes, wrapping it in new paper, set it vp in a very cold place. (Fatts) also doe remaine vnputrified, when layd vp in Hony.

94. STEATON

Dunamis.

The medicinal Power of Fats

All fatts haue a warming, mollifying, and rarifying power, yet that of Bulls, & of cowes

& of calues doth sommewhat

binde, & the

Lyons is like vnto these, which they say also is an Antipharmacum to defend from such as intend treacherie. But ye fatt of Elephants & of Harts being anointed on, doth driue away serpents. But that of Goates is more binding, whence it is giuen to the Dysentericall being sod with Polenta, & Rhoe,! & Cheese, and with ye iuice of

Ptissana it is giuen for a Glyster. The broth of them also being supt vp, is good for such as are in a Phthisis, & is profitably giuen to such as haue dranck Cantharides. But that of Goates being of ye most dissoluing nature, doth help the Gowtie, being tempered with the Berries of a goat. [7.e. with goat’s dung.] and Saffron, & soe applyed. And to this sheep’s fatt is aunswerable in proportion. But swines fatt is applyed for the griefs about the wombe & the seate, & is good also for such as are burnt with fire. The same being kept in salt, and growne very old therein, as it were, doth warme

and mollifie. But being washt in wine it is good for the Pleuriticall. The same being applyed with ashes or chalk (is good) for the Oedemata, the Inflammationes, & the Fistulae. And they say that Asses fatt doth make the Cicatrices to looke of one colour. And the fatt of Geese, & of Pultrie are good for womens griefs, & for the

chaps of the lipps, and for clearing ye face, & for ye griefs of ye eares. Bear’s fatt is thought to make ye haire which was destroyed by the Alopecia to spring vp againe & is good for ye Perniones. But Foxes fatt doth cure ye griefs of ye eares. The fatt of riuer fishes being melted in the Sunne & mixt with Hony, being anointed on the eyes, doth cleare their sight. The fatt of a viper, being mixed (in equall parts) with Cedria and Attick Hony & old oyle, is alike good for the dullnesse of ye sight, & for ye suffusions of ye eyes. But it doth make the haire that was pulled off in the arme pitts neuer to come up againe being layd on of itself at the roots {of ye Haire. ] 1 Possibly Pomegranate.

120

DIOSCORIDES=

95. MveELor. Of marrowes,

BK

Ir

Marrows

the Harts is the best, then that of the calf, after

that of ye Bull, then the goates, & the sheeps. They are gathered at the tyme when ye spring is drawing on towards the Autumne ; for at other tymes of the yeare it is found in the bones, looking bloudy & like flesh that is easily friable. But it is hard to be knowne, except by him who takes it out of the bones, & lays it up. But all marrowes are mollifying, rarifying, healing, and filling up ye concauities of vicers. And ye marrow of an Hart, being anointed on, doth also drive away venemous beasts. It is prepared, like as fat is, being taken out of ye choisest & new bones, and water poured vpon it, then afterward

strained through a linnen cloth, & like-

wise washt till the water becomme cleane: afterward being melted in a double vessell, the filth that swimmes vpon it being taken off with

a feather,

& strained

out into a mortar.

And

after it is

grown together it is layd vp in a new earthenware vessel, the filth that lyes at ye bottomme being carefully scraped away. But if you would put it up vnprepared, doe all things, accordingly as wee haue shewed in the fatt of Pultry & of Geese.

96. CHOLE PASA. Gall of various Animals All kinde of Gall is to be layd vp in store after this manner.

Hauing

taken that which is new,-& bound ye mouth of [the bladder] with a linnen thread, put it into seething water, & then let it stay soe long a tyme as one may be going ouer three furlongs, afterward taking it out, drie it ina shadie & vnmoist place. But such as you

meane to mix with eye medicines, binding them with a linnen thread, put them into a glasse bottle hauing Hony, & tying the beginning of the thread to ye mouth of the bottle, hauing stopt it, set it vp. Now all kindes of gall are sharpe, warming, differing more or lesse according to ye strength of them in respect of one another. For the galls of ye Sea Scorpion, & of the fish called Callionymus,! & of ye Sea Tortoise, & of the Hyaena seem

to be

of more efficacie, as likewise of ye Partridge, and of ye Eagle, & of a white Hen, & of a wild shee goate, seruing properly for ye beginning suffusions & darkenesse of the eyes, and for Argema, & rugged eyelids. A bulls gall is of more efficacie than that of a sheep, of a swine, of a goate, as also of a Beare. They doe all of them worke an inclination to laxatiuenesse, & especially in children, if

a man dipping a lock of wool therein, apply it to the seate. But Bulls gall with Hony, is properly anointed on such as are troubled ' Uranoscopus scaber.

GALL

AND

BLOOD

£21

with ye squinancie, and it doth heale [the vlcers] on ye seate to a cicatrix ; & purulent eares, & the chaps in them, being dropt in with goates milke or womens, & it is good also for the noyse in the eares (being dropt in) with the iuice of leeks. It is put also into wound plaisters, & in oyntments to be anointed about the body against poysnings. It is good also with Hony against Phagedaenicall vicers, & the privities paines, & of ye Scrotum. It is an excellent cleanser for Leprosies & the Furfures (being applyed) with Nitre, or Terra Cimolia: & sheeps & Beares gall, are good for the same purposes, but they are somewhat weaker: Beares gall being taken as a Lohoc, doth help such as haue ye falling sicknesse. And the Gall of the Tortoise is good for the Squinancie, & for ye Nomae in ye mouths of children, & for the Epilepticall, being put into the nosthrills. But the gall of ye wild shee-goate doth properly cure the dimme-sighted, being anointed on. And that of ye he-goate doth doe the like, it takes away ye Thymia, & being anointed on, it doth represse the extuberancies of the Elephantici. But the gall of swine is profitably taken for ulcers in the eares, & for all the other things.

97. PERI HaAIMATON.

Blood

The blood of a Goose & of a duck or drake, & of a kidde are profitably mixed with Antidots. And that of an wood Culver, & of a Turtle, & of a pidgeon, & of a Partridge are anointed on new sores of eyes & on such as are bloodshott & are dull of sight. But in particular, that of the Pigeon doth stop the bleedings e Meningibus. But that of the Hee goate, & of the shee goate, & of ye Hart, & of the Hare, being fryed in the panne & soe taken, doe

stop Dysenteries and the fluxes of the Coeliacall, & being dranck with wine it is good against poyson. And the Hares bloud being anointed on warme, doth cure sun-burnings & ye Lentigines. And doggs bloud being dranck, is good for such as are bitten of a mad dogge, & for such as haue drancke poyson. But ye bloud of an earth Tortoise being dranck, is sayd to be good for the Epilepticall, & that blood of a Sea Tortoise, being dranck with wine & ye Rennet of an Hare and Cummin, is good for the bitings of venemous beasts, & for ye drinking of a toade. But the blood of a Bull being applyed with Polenta, doth discusse & mollify ‘hardness.

And the blood of Stalion Horses, is mixt with medicines

that are septicall. But ye blood of the Camaeleon is believed to make the eye-lids bare of haire, & that of green froggs likewise is thought to be of the like efficacie. But ye menstrous blood of an woman, being anointed round about her, or if shee goe ouer it, is

122

DIOSCORIDES,

BK. II

thought to keep them from conception; yet being anointed on it doth mitigate ye paines of ye gowte & the Erysipelata.

98. APoPpaTos.

Dung

The dung of a Cow of the Herd, if it be applyed whilst it is newly dungd, doth assuage the inflammations that comme of wounds. It is wrapt in leaves, & warmed in hot ashes, & soe layd on, & ye

applying of it after ye like manner serues for a fomentation mitigating of the Sciatica. Being applyed with vinegar it doth dissolue ye Duritias & ye Strumas and the Panos. And in particular the dung of a male beast of the herd, by way of suffumigation, doth restore the Vterus that was fallen downe before, & the fume

of ye same too doth driue gnatts away. And the berries of ye goates especially of such as live vpon the mountaines, being dranck with wine doe cure the yellow jaundise. But being dranck with spices, they move ye Menstrua, & cast out the Embrya. Being dryed & beaten small, & layd to in wool with franckincense, they stop the fluxum muliebrem, & with vinegar restraine other fluxes of blood. But being burnt they cure the Alopeciae, being anointed on with vinegar or Oxymel. Being applyed with swines grease they help the gowtie. And being sod with vinegar or wine, they are layd to the bitings of serpents, & to creeping vlcers, & to the Erysipelata, and ye Parotides. But the burning of them is profitably taken by such as haue ye Sciatica, after this manner. In that hollow middle space between thumb & forefinger, where the thumb approacheth towards the handwrist, first lay wool moystened in oyle, then lay therevpon one by one hott pills of goates dung, till the sense thereof comme through the arme to the hippe, & assuage the paine. And such kinde of burning as this, is called Arabicall. But ye dung of sheep being applyed with vinegar doth heale ye Epinyctidae. the Clavi, the Thymi, and the hanging warts, as also the Ambusta, being taken with a Ceratum Rosaceum. But ye drie (dung) of a wilde swine being dranck with water or wine, staies casting up of blood, & doth assuage a long continuing paine of ye syde. But for ruptures & convulsions it is dranck with vinegar, and it cures disjointures being taken with Rosaceum Ceratum. The dung of Asses, as also of Horses, stanch bleeding, whether

taken

raw, or burnt & mixt with vinegar. But the dung of one of the drove that goes at grasse, after it is drie, being macerated in wine & dranck, doth very much help such as are bitten of Scorpions. Doves dung, being more hott & burning, being profitably mixed with Barly meale but with vinegar it doth dissolue the Strumas

URINE

123

and breake Carbuncles round about, being beaten together with Hony and Hempseed & oyle, & it heales ambustions. And Pultrye dung doth doe ye same, but lesse effectually, yet in particular it is good against the deadly mushrumps and the cruciatus Coli, being dranck with vinegar or wine.

And

the dung of the

Storck, being dranck with water, is thought to be good for the Epilepticall. And the dung of a Vultur being suffumigated is reported to draw out the Embrya. The dung of mice being beaten small with vinegar, & anointed on, doth cure ye Alopaeciae ; being dranck with franckincense & honied wine it doth expell ye stone. And mouse dung being giuen to children [by way of a Suppositorie], doth prouoke ye belly to ejection. Dogge dung, which is taken vp in the heate of ye Dogge daies, being drie, & dranck with water or wine, doth binde the belly. But that of men, new made, being applyed as a Cataplasme doth keep wounds from inflaming, with also conglutinating them together ; & being dryed, and anointed on with Hony, it is reported to help such as are troubled with the Squinancie. But ye dung of an earth Crocodile! is good for women for ye well colouring of ye face, & making it to shine. That is the best which is the smallest & soone crumbled, smooth as Amylum, and quickly melted in liquor, & which being beaten, is sommewhat soure, resembling leaven in the smell. But they doe counterfaite it, feeding starlings with Rice, & selling their dung, being like it (instead of ye same). Others tempering Amylum, or Cymolia, & colouring it with Anchusa through a thinne Sieve, doe sift it small, & drying it till it lookes like little wormes, they sell it instead of this. [But it is found amongst secrets, that mans dung, as also Doggs dung, being tempered with Hony & applyed to the throate, is a remedie for such as haue ye Quincie.] 99. PERI OuRON. Urine A man’s owne water being dranck is a remedie against the bitings of a viper and against deadly medicines, & ye beginning Dropsies, & for the bitings of Sea Vipers, and of ye Sea Scorpions, & of ye Dragon, being fomented on. Doggs pisse is a fomentation for such as are bitten of mad doggs, & with Nitre a cleansing for leprosies & itches. But the older is the more cleansing of the Achorae, of the Furfures, of the Psorae, & of hott breakings out, & it doth

represse the Nomae, yea, euen those in the Genitalls. Being put into purulent eares, it doth represse their mattering, & being sod in a pommegranat rinde it doth driue out the wormes in them. But ' Perhaps Lacerta nilotica.

124

DIOSCORIDES,

BK. II

the Vrine of an vncorrupt boy being supt vp is good for the Orthopnaea, & being sod in brasse with Hony, it doth cleanse the Cicatrices, & the Argema, & ye Caligines. There is also made of that & of Cyprian brasse a glue seruing for the soldering of gold together. But the subsistence of the Vrine, being anointed on, doth mitigate Erysipelata. It doth ease ye paine of the wombe, being sod with Cyprinum, & applyed. It doth ease such as are troubled with the stranglings of the wombe, & it doth cleanse the eyelids, & purge the Cicatrices in ye eyes. Bulls pisse, being beaten together with Myrrh, & dropt in doth assuage the paines of the eares. Boares pisse hath the like vertue, but, more particularly being dranck, it doth breake & expell ye stones in ye bladder. But ye pisse of a goate being dranck with Spica Nardi, with water to ye quantitie of two Cyathi euerie day (is sayd) to expell the Urine through ye belly, & being dropt in to cure griefs of the eares. But that of an Asse is sayd to cure ye nephriticall.

too.

LUNGOURION.

Lyncurium and Amber

But that [urine] of the Lynx, which is called Lyncurium, is thought as soone as it is pist out, to grow into a stone, wherefore it hath

but a foolish report. For it is this that is called by somme, Succinum! pterygophoron [because it drawes feathers to it], which being dranck with water is good for the stomach & for a belly that

is troubled with a flux. ©

tor.

MeELI.

Honey

Attick Hony is the best, & of this that which is called Hymettium, afterward that of the Cyclad Islands, & that which commes out of Sicilie, called Simblium.2

That is best liked of, that is sweetest,

and sharpe, of a fragrant smell, of a pale yellow, not liquid, but glutinous & firme, & which in ye drawing, doth (as it were) leap back to ye finger. It hath an abstersiue facultie, opening the pores drawing out of the humors, whence being infused it is good for all rotten & hollow vlcers. Being boyled, & applyed, it conglutinates bodies that stand asunder one from the other, and it cures the

Lichenes, being sod with liquid Allom, & soe applyed, asalso the noyse in the eares, & ye paines, being dropt in luke-warme with Sal fossilis beaten small; & being anointed on, it kills lice, &

nitts, & it doth restore againe the bared nut of ye yard, which were not soe by Circumcision, the praeputium being mollifyed with Hony, especially after bathing, for 30 daies together. It also cleanseth away the things that darcken the Pupillae oculi. ' “HXextpov.

2 Probably Hyblaeum,

HONEY

125

And it doth also heale [inflammations] about the throate, and about ye Tonsillae, & the Squinsies, being either anointed on or gargarized; it doth also moue vrine, & cures coughes, & such as are bitten of Serpents, & for ye drinking of Meconium, being taken warme with Rosaceum; and for the Fungi, & such as are bitten of mad doggs, being either lickt in or dranck. But that which is raw, is inflatiue of ye belly & prouocatiue of the Cough, wherefore you ought to vse that which is despumated. But the Spring Hony is the best, then that of the Summer,

but that of the winter, being

thicker is the worst, & causing wheales & blisters.

102.

MELI SARDOON.

Sardinian Honey

The Hony that is made in Sardinia, is bitter, because of the food of

wormewood, yet it is good for Sunne burnings, & spots in the face, being anointed on.

103. MELI PonTIKON.

Heraclean Honey

There is made in Heraclea of Pontus at somme tymes (of the yeare) hony, which by the propertie of certaine flowers, makes the eaters of it besyde themselves with sweating, but they are holpen by eating rue & salt meate and drinking mulsum, taking the same againe as often as they shall vomitt. But it is sharp, and prouoking sneesing by the smell. Being anointed on with Costum it heals Sun-burnings, but with Salt it takes away blacks & blues.

104. SAKCHARON.

Sugar

And there is a kinde of concreted Hony, called Sugar, found in reeds! in India & in Arabia ye Happy, like in consistence to salt, and brittle to be broken between the teeth, as salt is. It is good for the belly and stomach being dissolued in water, & soe dranck; helping the pained bladder & the reines. Being anointed on it doth discusse those thinges which doe darken the Pupillae.

105.

KEROS.

Bees-wax

The best Wax is that which is of a pale yellow, sommewat fatt, & of a sweet sauour, and hauing ye scent, as it were, of the Hony, yet pure ; which by kinde is either Pontick or Cretick. The next in place to it, is that which is somewhat white by nature, & fatt. Now wax is made white after this manner. Hauing cut white & cleane wax into small pieces, cast it into a new vessell,

and pouring therevpon as much sea-water, taken out of ye deep, as shall be sufficient, boyle it, sprinckling a little nitre vpon it. And when it shall haue boyled twice or thrice, taking off ye t Arundo saccharifera, Saccharum officinale & Bambusa arundinacea all yield sugar.

126

DIOSCORIDES,

BK. I

vessell & letting it coole, take out the Cake, & scraping off the filth, if there be any about it, seeth it a second tyme, putting other sea-water to it; & when

the wax

shall haue sod againe, as

hath been formerly shewed, take away the vessell from ye fire, and taking the bottomme of a little new vessell first moystened in cold water, let it downe gently into the wax, dipping it in a little with a soft touch, that a little of it may be taken and that it may be concreted together of itself. Hauing taken it vp, pull off the first cake and againe let downe ye bottomme, cooling it in water anew, & doe this soe long till you haue taken vp all the wax. Then piercing the little cakes with a linnen thread, hang them vp at somme distance the one from ye other, & in the day-tyme setting them

in the Sunne, sprinckle them

euery

now

and then

with water, & at night set them vnder the moone till they becomme [perfectly] white. But if any would make it extraordinarie white, let him worke the other things in like manner, but let him seeth it often.

But somme

instead of sea-water

taken out of ye deep,

doe seeth it after ye manner aforesayd once or twice in very sharpe brine, then afterward they take it out in a thinne and round bottle hauing an handle, afterwards laying the little round cakes vpon thick grasse, they sunne them till at last it becommes wonderfull white. But they doe advise to set about this work in ye Spring when the Sunrie doth both remitt of his vehemencie, & doth yield dew, that it should not melt.

All wax hath a warming

mollifying, & reasonably filling facultie. It is mixt also in broths for the Dysentericall, and it being swallowed downe ye bignes of ro graines of Milium, doth not suffer the milk to curdle in such

as giue suck.

106.

PROPOLIS.

Bee-glue

The Yellow Bee-glue that is of a sweet scent and resembling Styrax, is to be chosen, & which is soft in ye excessiue drynesse of it, and easy to spread after the fashion of Mastick. It is extremely warme, and attractiue, & drawing out of thornes & splinters. And being suffumigated it doth help old coughs, & being applyedit doth take away the Lichenes. It is found about ye mouthes of Hives, in nature like vnto wax.

(127) FRUMENTACEA. 107.

PuROI.

CEREALS

Triticum vulgare.

Wheat

That wheate is most useful for ye preseruation of health which is new & full ripe and is of a yellowish colour; then after this is that Trimestre [soe called because it is ripe in three months] of somme called Sitanium, which being eaten raw, doe breed ye Teretes Lumbricos, but being chewed, & soe applyed, doe help such as are bitten of a madde dogge. But bread made of the flour of it is more nourishing than the Panis Cibarius, but that of the meale of ye Trimestris is lighter & quickly distributed. But the meale of it, with iuice of Hyoscyamus, is applyed as a Cataplasme for ye fluxes of the Nerues, & for the puffing vp of the bowells; with Oxymel it takes away the Lentigines. But the branne of it, being sod with sharpe vinegar, being applyed as a warme Cataplasme, doth remoove Leprosies, & is a convenient cataplasme for all inflammations at the beginning. But being sod with ye decoction of rue, it doth represse swelling duggs & is good for such as are bitten of vipers, & such as are troubled with the Tormina.

The leaven of the meale, being of a warming & extrac-

tiue facultie, doth properly lessen callos in the soles of the feet, and with salt it doth ripen & open other extuberancies and the Furunculi. But the meale of the Sitanian wheate is good for such as are bitten of venemous beasts, being applyed as a Cataplasme with vinegar or wine. But being sod after the manner of glue, & taken as a Lohoc, it doth help such as spit bloud. And it is gogd against ye coughs & the exasperations of the Arterie, being sod together with minte & butter. And ye flour of wheate, being sod with Melicrate, or oyle mingled with water, doth dissolue any inflammation,

and the bread, either raw or baked,

being applyed with Melicrate doth assuage all inflammation, as which doth very much mollify, and is sommewhat cooling, being mixed with somme herbes or iuices.

But that which is old and drie,

both by itself or mixt with other things, doth stay a loose belly. But that which is new, being macerated in brine, & soe applyed doth cure the old Lichenas. But the glue that is made either of fine flour, or ye finest meale for ye gluing of bookes, is good for such as spit bloud, if being made more liquid & luke warme the quantity of a spoonefull be supped vp.

128

DIOSCORIDES,

108.

KRITHE.

Hordeum sativum.

That Barly is best which is white & ing than wheate, yet the Ptissana Polenta that is made of it by reason it in the seething, being good for about

the Arterie,

BK. II

& exulcerations,

Barley

cleane, but it is lesse nourishis more nourishing than the of the creame that commes off acrimonies & ye roughnesses for which

also the wheaten

Ptissana is good, being more nourishing & more vreticall. It doth also cause abundance of milke, being sod together with Fennell seed, & soe supt vp. But, [barly] is ureticall, abstersiue, flatulent, bad for the stomach, ripening Oedemata. But ye meale of it being sod with figgs and Melicrate, doth dissolue Oedemata and inflammations. It doth also concoct hardnesses with pitch & rosin, & doues dung. But with Melilot & the heads of Poppies it bringes ease to them which are troubled with a paine in their syde. And against the inflations of the entrails it is applyed as a Cataplasme, with Flax seed, Foenograec & Rue. But with moyst pitch & wax, & the vrine of an vnccorrupted childe, & oyle, it doth ripen the Strumae; & with Myrtle, or wine, or wild peares, or the bramble

or Pommegranat rindes, it stops the fluxes of the belly. With Quinces or vinegar it is good for podagricall inflammations. Being sod with sharpe vinegar as a pultis made of barly meale, & applyed warme, it doth cure leprosies. The meale hauing its iuice extracted out with water, and sod with pitch and oyle, is good for the fluxes of the joints. But ye meale of them doth stop the bellie and assuage inflammations.

tog. ZUTHOS.

Soured Barley Water

Zythum is made of Barly. It is diureticall, but hurting the kidnies & the nerues, & especially bad for the Meninges, & it is windie, and begetting of bad humors, & causing ye Leprosie. But Ivorie macerated therein, is made thereby fitt to worke vpon. tro. KOURMI. Fermented Drink And that which is called Curmi is made of Barly, which also they doe often vse to drinke instead of wine, but it is a causer of the headach, and a breeder of ill humors, & an hurter of the Sinewes. There are like sorts of drinke made of wheate in Iberia Occiden-

talis, & in Britanny.

CEREALS 11z.

ZEIA.

129

Triticum dicoccum

Rice-wheat Zea is of twoe kindes, for one is single, & the other Dicoccos, hauing the seed conioyned in twoe huskes. It is more nourishing than Barly, well relishing to the mouth, but being made into bread it is lesse nourishing than wheate.

112.

KRIMNON.

Crimnum is the coarsest of ye meale that is made of Zea & wheate, of which Puls is made. It is abundantly nourishing & easy of digestion, but that of Zea is more binding of the belly, especially if it be dryed by the fire before-hand.

113.

OLURA. Tritici dicocci varietas Rice-wheat

Olyra is of the same kinde with Zea, but sommewhat lesse nourishing. Yet it is made into bread also, & Crimnum is likewise made

of it.

114. ATHERA.

Meal from Rye or from

Triticum monococcus Athera is made of Zea ground very small. It is a spoon-meate like liquid Puls, fitting for children, & it is good to be put into cataplasmes.

115.

TRAGOS.

Ephedra distachya

Tragos for ye fashion of it, is sommewhat like vnto Chondrus, but it is much lesse nourishing than Zea because it hath much chaffe,

wherefore it is hard of digestion, & softning of ye belly. 116.

Bromos.

Avena sativa

Oats The Oate is a reed like vnto wheate in ye leaues, but distinguished by knotts, but it hath fruit vpon the top, as it were twoefooted little locusts, wherein is the seed profitable for Cataplasmes

as Barley. And Puls also is made of it, binding ye belly. But the creame of it being supt vp doth help such as are troubled with the cough.

117.

ORUZA.

Oryza sativa Rice

Rice is a kind of corne growing in marishie and moyst places, moderately nourishing, and binding of the belly. K

130

DIOSCORIDES,

118.

118.

BK.

II

CHONDROS

CHONDROS.

Hordeum?

But Chondrus is made of that which is called Zea dicoccos, more

nourishing than rice, & more binding of the belly, but farre better for the stomach. It takes away Leprosies, being sod with vinegar & anointed on, and drives away rugged nailes, & cures beginning Aegilopses, & ye decoction thereof is a fitt glister for such as haue Dysenterie with much paine.

CEREALS

131

119.

KENCHROS

\

ia

119.

KENCHROS.

Vw

Panicum miliaceum Millet

Kenchros [the Romans call it Milium], is lesse nourishing than other corne, but being made into bread, or ordered as Puls, it stops the belly & mooves vrine; being heated and put warme into baggs, it is an help for the tormina and other griefs.

132

DIOSCORIDES,

120.

II

ELumos

Agv4 120.

BK.

ELumos.

NS

Wa

Setaria Italicum

Italian Millet Panicum, [the Romans call it Panicum] others call it Melinen, is of Corne seeds like vnto Milium, being made into meate after the same

manner,

and profitable for the same

vses, being yet lesse

nourishing than Milium, & lesse binding.

IZI. SESAMON. Sesamum indicum Sesame Sesamum is hurtfull for the stomach, and causes a stinking breath

of ye mouth, if after it be eaten it abide between the teeth. Being applyed it doth discusse the thicknesses in the nerues ; & the fractures,

& inflammations

in the eares,

& Ambusta,

and the

griefs of ye Colon & ye biting of the Cerastes, it doth heale.

But

with Rosaceum it doth lenify the paines of the head that comme by heate. And ye Herb sod in wine doth doe the same. But especially it is good for the inflammations and griefs of ye eyes. There is also an oyle made [of ye seed] of it, which the Aegyptians doe vse.

CEREALS

RRS é

~"=a:

133

=

\

122.

AIRA.

Lolium temulentum

Darnel Aira [the Romans call it Lolium] somme calle it Thyaron, which growes amongst wheate, being ground hath ye power of emarginating of the Noma, & of rotten vlcers, & of the Gangraene, being applyed as a Cataplasme with Radishes & salt. And with Sulphur vivum and vinegar it doth cure the wilde Lichenae and Leprosies. But being sod in wine with pidgeons dung & Flaxseed it doth dissolue the Strumae, & breakes that which is hard to ripen. Being sod with Melicrate, & applyed as a cataplasme, it is good for those that haue ye Sciatica. But being suffumigated with polenta, or Myrrh, or satfron, or Franckincense, it doth help conceptions.

134

123. AMULON. Starch

Amylum is soe called because it is made without the help of the mill. But that is the best which is made of that wheate which is ripe in three months and growes in Crete, or Egypt. But it is made of this clean three moneths wheate,! being macerated in water fiue tymes a day, and if it be possible in ye night too. But when it is become soft, you must pour out the water gently without jogging, that the best be not poured out together with it. And when it appears to be very soft, hauing poured out the water, it must be trod with ye feet, & hauing poured in (other) water againe, it must be beaten; then the branne that lyes vnder

must be taken away with a Skimmer, & that which is left must be strained, & when it is strained, you are to drie it vpon new tiles in a very warme sunne. For if it continue moyst neuer soe little, (presently) it growes sour. It is effectuall against ye fluxes of the eyes, & hollow vicers, & pustules. It doth stop also the castings vp of bloud being dranck, as also afterwards the griefs about the Arterie. It is mixed also with milke & sawces. There is starch also made of Zea, being steeped & macerated for one or twoe daies, & kneaded with ye hands as dough, & dryed in a very hott sun, as hath been formerly sayd.

But such as this is not fitt for

physicall vse, but for other vses it is fitt enough.

TACGHANA= POIMMERBS 124-178 124. TELEOS ALEURON. Flour of Fenugreek TELIS. Trigonella Foenum-graecum. Telis, [which somme call Carpon, others Buceras, others Aegoceras, others

Ceraitis,

others

Lotos,

the

Latins

Foenumgraecum,

the

Aegyptians Itasin] and the meale of Foenigraec hath a mollifying and discussing power. This being beaten small with sod Melicrate, & applyed as a Cataplasme, is good for inflammations both inwards & outward. Being beaten small, & applyed as a Cataplasme with nitre and vinegar, it lessons the spleen. But the decoction of it is an Insession for women’s evills which proceed either from inflammations or from the preclusion (of the vulua). But ye creame of it being sod in water & strained out, doth cleanse the haire, and the Furfures, & ye Achoras.

But with goose grease

it is put vp instead of a Pessum, mollifying & dilating the places about ye wombe. And the greens of it with vinegar, is good for weake & exulcerated places. But ye decoction of it, [is good] for the Tenesmi and for the stinking laskes of ye Dysentericall. And the oyle of it with Myrtle doth cleanse the haire and the cicatrices in ye priuities. * Sitanian Wheat.

Ay © =

ao} a a4

BK.

DIOSCORIDES,

136

125.

LINON.

I]

Linum usitatissimum Flax

Linum [Somme call it Linocalamis, somme Anion, some Linon agrion, the Romanes Linomyrum, the Africanes Zeraphis] is commonly knowne, but the seed hath ye same power to Foenigraec discussing and mollifying all inflammation inwardly & outwardly, being sod with Hony, & oyle, & a little water, or being taken in sodden Hony. And being raw it takes away sun-bumings and the Vari, being applyed as a Cataplasm with nitre & figgs. But with Lye it doth discusse the Parotidas & hardnesses, & being sod with wine it doth cleanse away the Herpetas & ye Favos. It takes off rugged nayles also, taken with the like quantitie of Nasturtium & Hony. It brings out also thinges from ye Thorax, being taken with Hony instead of an Eclegma, & it doth asswage the coughs. It doth also provoke to Venery, being mixt with Hony and pepper, as a Placenta, and soe taken largely. But the decoction of it is giuen for a glister for the erosions of the bowells and the wombe, as also for ye expelling of the excrements, & it is

very good, as that of Foenigraec, being taken by way of insession for the inflammations which are in the wombe.

126.

EREBINTHOS.

Cicer arietinum

‘Chick-pea Cicer that is set, or sown, is agreeable to the stomach, vreticall, engendring of windes, causing of a good colour round about, expelling of ye Menstrua & the Embrya, and breeding of milke. It is applyed as a Cataplasme, especially being sod with Ervum, for the inflammations of the stones & for ye Myrmeciae, and for ye scabs, and for the running vlcers of the Heads,

and for the

Lichenae, & for Cancrous & malignant vlcers, with barly, and hony. The

other

kinde

of them

is called

Arietinus,

but

both

of

them are diureticall, the decoction of them being giuen with Libanotis! for the yellow jaundice and the dropsie but they do also hurt an exulcerated bladder, & the reines. Somme touching the top of euery wart with a Cicer when ye moone is at New, somme with one, somme with another, & binding them vp in a linnen cloth, commaund them to be cast backward, as though ye warts would by these meanes fall away. There is also a wilde Cicer, like in leaues to that which is set or sown, sharpe in smell but different in the seed, seruiceable

for ye same vses as ye set plants. * Goodyer translates

Libanotis

by Rosemary.

POT

HERBS

137

7

J \

ays

S000

24/4 2%

ONS WAVRESD ye SE

126.

EREBINTHOS

138

DIOSCORIDES,

127.

KUAMOS

BK. II

HELLENIKOS. Bean

Vicia Faba

The Greeke beane is windy, flatulent, hard of digestion, causing troublesomme dreames ; yet good for the Cough, & breeding flesh being in ye midst of hott and cold. Being sod with Oxymel, and eaten with the shucks, it stayes dysenteries and the fluxes of the Coeliaci, and being eaten it is good against vomiting. But it is made lesse flatulent, if the first water in which it was sod be cast

away: but the green is worse for ye stomach and more windie. But the meale of the beane being applyed as a Cataplasme, either by itself or with Polenta, doth assuage the inflammations that comme

of a stroake, & makes skarrs to be of one colour, & helps

swelling and enflamed duggs, & doth extinguish milke. But with Hony and the meale of Foenigraec it doth dissolue ye Furunculi and the Parotidae, and ye bluenesse vnder ye eyes ;with Roses, & franckincense, and the white of an egge, it doth represse the Procidentias Oculorum, & their Staphylomata, & ye Oedemata. Being kneaded with wine it helps the suffusions & stroakes of the eyes. And being chewed without the Huske it is layd on the forehead as an acollema for fluxes. Being sod in wine it cures ye inflammations of ye stones. And being applyed as a Cataplasme to ye place where the Pubes growes in children, it keeps them impuberes a long tyme ; & it cleanseth ye vitiligines, but if the shucks of them be applyed as a Cataplasme, it makes ye haire that is extirpated to grow starveling and thinne. Being also applyed with Polenta, and Alumen Scissum, and old oyle, it dissolues ye Strumae, and ye decoction thereof dyes wool. It is applyed also to the fluxes of bloud

occasioned

by Leeches,

being shuckt

& divided

in twoe

partes, according as it grew, and the cutt half being closely prest

on, it doth suppresse it.

128. KuUAMOs AIGUPTIOS.

Nelumbium speciosum

The Aegyptian beane, which somme call Pontican, growes much in Egypt and in Asia and in Cilicia, it is found in marishie places. It hath a leafe great as an hatt, a stalke of ye heighth of a Cubit the thicknesse of it about the thicknesse of a finger. But the flower of it is of a rose colour, twice as bigge as ye flower of a Poppie, which hauing donne blowing, beares cods like vnto little

baggs, in which is a little beane, standing out above the Couering, like a little bladder. But it is called Ciborium, or Cibotium |as we should say, Loculamentum] because the setting of the beane is made by it being put in moyst land, and soe left in ye water.

140

DIOSCORIDES,

BK.

II

But the roote being thicker than that of ye reed lyes vnderneath, and this either sod or raw is called Collocasia. The beane it self also is eaten green, but being drye it growes black and is greater than the Greek one, hauing an astrictiue power and good for the stomach. Wherefore the meale of them being sprinckled on instead of Polenta is good for ye dysentericall & Coeliacall, & it is giuen also, made into a Puls. But the huskes being sod in Mulsum, and giuen to drinck to ye quantitie of three Cyathi, worke more; and the green in the middle of them is good for ye paines in ye eare, being bitter in tast, it being beaten small, and sod with Rosaceum, and soe dropt in.

129. PHAKOS. Ervum Lens Lentil Phakos {the Latines call it Lens or Lenticula] being vsually eaten, is dulling of ye sight, hard of digestion, naught for the stomach, puffing up with winde the stomach and entrailes, but yet binding the belly if it be eaten with the huskes. But that is the best of it which is easily digested, and leaues nothing black in ye macerating of it. It hath a binding facultie, whence it bindes the belly, if, the shucks being taken away first, it be well sod, the first water in which it was sod being cast away, for the first seething of it is solutive of ye belly. But it is a cause of troublous dreames, bad for the sinewie parts, and the lunges, and the head.

But it will performe its proper worke the better against ye fluxes of the belly, if it be mixed therewithall with vinegar, Intubus Endiue or Purselaine, or black beet, or myrtle berries, or, Pommegranat rindes, or drie Roses, or Medlars, or Seruices, or Thebaick peares, or dates, or mala Cotonea, or Cichorie, or Plantaine, or

whole Galls which are cast away after they are sod, or Rhoe which is sprinckled vpon meates ;but ye vinegar must be carefully sod with it, otherwise it troubles the belly ; and thirtie graines of Lens being pilled, and soe swallowed doe help ye subversion of the stomach. Being first sod, & sod againe with Polenta and soe applyed, it doth assuage the gowte, but with Hony it doth conglutinate the hollownesse of sores, it breakes the Scabs of vicers round about, and cleanseth the vicers. But being sod with vinegar it doth discusse hardnesses and the Strumae. With Melilot or Malum Cotoneum, it doth heale the inflammations of the eyes & of the seate, Rosaceum being mixed therewithall. But in ye greater inflammations of the seate and in large concauities of sores it is sod with

Pommegranat

rindes or drie Roses, Hony too

being mixed with it. It is good also for Nomae growne to Gang-

POT

HERBS

141

129.

PHAKOS

142

DIOSCORIDES, BK. JI

raenes, sea-water being added also vnto it. It is good also for ye Herpetae and for ye Pustulae & ye Erysipelata and the Perniones, being taken after the manner aforesayd. But being sod in seawater, and soe applyed it doth help swollen breasts, and the curdlings of milke in women’s breasts.

130.

130.

PHASIOLOS.

PHASTIOLOS

Phaseolus nanus

Phasiolus is flatulent stirring vp of winde and hard of digestion, but if it be sod green, & eaten, it is mollifying of the belly but it is apt to make one vomitt.

POT

HERBS

144

DIOSCORIDES,

131.

OROBOS.

BK.

It

Ervum Ervillia

Bitter Vetch Orobos [the Latines call it Ervum,] is a little shrub well knowne, with narrow thinne leaues, bearing little seeds in the huskes, of which is made a meale called Ervina, which is fitt for physicall vses but if it be eaten,

it doth annoy

the head, trouble

the belly &

brings out bloud by the vrine. But it fatts beasts if it be sod and soe giuen them. But ye Ervina flour is made thus. Hauing chosen out the fullest and whitest seeds, sprinckle them with water, stirring them together, and when

you haue suffered them

to drincke together sufficiently, parch them, till their huskes be quite broken, then hauing ground them and sifted them through a fine sieve, lay them vp. It is good for the belly, vreticall & causing of a good colour.

But

being taken

ouer

much

either

in meate, or drincke, it brings out bloud through ye belly and bladder with torments. It cleanseth vlcers with Hony and the Lentigines, and sunne burnings, & spotts, & the rest of ye body, and it stops the Nomae, and the scleromata, and the Gangraens, and it softens the hardnesses in the breasts, and doth emarginate

wilde boyles and Carbuncles, and the Favos. Being kneaded with wine, and soe applyed, it cures the bitings of doggs, and the bitings of men, and the bitings of vipers; with vinegar it doth assuage the Dysouries, and the Tormina, and the Tenesmos. Being toasted, and taken to the quantitie of a nut with Hony, it is good for such whose meate doth not nourish them. But ye decoction of it, being fomented on, doth cure the Perniones and the itchings which are in the body.

132. Thermos that tians Brechu} a Lohoc with & ye Lupines

THERMOS EMEROS. Lupinus Cultivated Lupin

pilosus ?

is set, [which the Latines call Lupinus, the Aegypis commonly knowne. The meale, being taken as hony [or dranck with vinegar] doth expell wormes, themselves being macerated and eaten bitter doe

performe the same, and the decoction of them doth doe the like

being dranck with rue and Pepper, after which manner also it doth help the Spleneticall. It is a good fomentation of the Ganggreane, & of wilde vicers, of ye scab when it beginnes, of the Vitiligines, of spotts, & of the Exanthemata, and of the running vicers of the head. And ye same also being giuen in a Pessum with Myrrh & hony doth extract the menstrua & the Embrya. The meale doth cleanse the skinne, and ye blackness & bluenesse, and

POT

HERBS

145

My

132.

THERMOS

EMEROS

D ey with

Polenta

& water

it doth

assuage

inflammations.

With

Vinegar it doth assuage the paines of the Sciatica, and swellings.

Being sod in vinegar, and applyed as a Cataplasme, it moues the strumae out of their place, and breakes Carbuncles round about. And Lupines, being sod with raine water till they creame, doe cleare the face, and being sod with the roote of black Chamaeleon, they cure the scabs of sheep washt with ye decoction of it luke warme; and the roote being sod with water, and soe dranckc, doth expell vrine. But the Lupines themselues beeing sweetened, beaten small, and soe dranck with vinegar, doe assuage ye nauseousnesse of the stomach and cure the want of appetite. i

146

DIOSCORIDES, BK. II

© an. (i, 133. THERMOS AGRIOS.

Lupinus angustifolius; L. alba

Wild Lupin

And

there is a wilde Lupine [which the Latines

call Lupinus

agrestis] like vnto that which is set, yet euery way lesse effectuall

for the same purposes that the set Lupine is.

POT

134.

134.

HERBS

147

GONGULIS

GONGULIS. Brassica Rapa Turnip

Gongule [others call it Gongilida, others, Golgosium, the Romans

call it Rapum]. The roote of it being sod is nourishing, yet very windie, and breeding moist & loose flesh, and prouoking to venerie. But the decoction of it is a fomentation of ye gowte and of the Perniones. But the same of itself, being beaten small, and soe applyed, is good for ye same too. If any hauing made the roote hollow,

doe melt

ceratum

rosaceum

therein

in hott ashes, it is

effectuall for exulcerated perniones. But the tender tops of them are eaten sod, and provoke vrine, and the seed of it is good to be

put into Antidots & treacles that cease paine. Being dranck it is good against deadly medicines, and doth prouoke to venerie. But Rapum being pickled in brine, & soe eaten, is lesse nourishing, yet

it restores the Appetite.

148

DIOSCORIDES,

135.

GONGOLE AGRIOE.

BK. II

Condylocarpus laevigata

The wilde Rapum, growes in fields, a shrub of twoe cubits high,

bearing many boughs, smooth on the top; [the roote] of the thicknesse of a finger, or more. It beares the seed in huskes like cups. These couerings that containe the seeds being opened, there is another huske within like an head wherein are little black seeds, which when they are broken, are white within. It is put into the Smeemata for clearing the face & other parts of the body, such as are made of the meale of lupines, or of wheate, or of Lolium, or

of Ervum.

136.

BouNIAS.

Bunias Erucago ov Brassica

Bunias, and the roote of this also being sod, is windie and lesse

nourishing. The seed thereof being dranck beforehand, makes poysons ineffectuall to work. It is also mixed with Antidotes, the roote also of this is preserued in salt.

137. Radish

[Somme

RAPHANIS.

Raphanus

sativus

Radish call it Polyides eryngium, the Latines call it

Radix nostratis, the Africans call it Thorpath] and that also breeds winde and heates, wellcomme to the mouth, but not good

for ye stomach, besydes’it causeth belching and is vreticall. It is good for ye belly if one take it after meate, helping concoction ye more, but being eaten before, it doth suspend the meate; wherefore, it is good for such as desire to vomit to eate it before meate. It

doth also sharpen the senses. Being sod, and soe taken, it is good for such as haue had the cough a long tyme, and who breed thick matter in their breasts, but the skinne of it being taken with Oxymel is stronger to make one vomit, being good for the hydropicall, and being applyed as a Cataplasme it is good for ye spleneticall. With hony it stops ye Nomae, and takes away black & blue spots vnder the eyes. It helps also such as are bitten by

vipers, & doth thicken the Alopeciae, and with meale of Lolium it doth take off the Lentigines, being also either eaten or dranck it doth help such as are like to be strangled by eating mushrumps, and doth driue downe ye menstrua. But the seed of it is vomicall, vreticall, lessening of the Spleen being dranck with vinegar, and being sod with warme oxymel it serues for a gargarisme to helpe ye squinzie, and being dranck with wine it doth help the biting of

the Cerasta, and being smeared on with vinegar it doth emarginate gangraenes powerfully.

POT

HERBS

DIOSCORIDES,

150

BK. II

138. RAPHANOS

138. The wilde

AGRIA

RAPHANOS AGRIA. Raphanus Raphanistrum Charlock Radish,

[which the

Romanes

call Armoracia],

hath

leaues like vnto that which is set, or rather more like those of Lampsana. The roote of it is slender, soft, sommewhat sharpe:

both ye leaues and the roote of it are sod instead of potherbes. is of a warming, vreticall and burning nature.

139.

SISARON.

It

Pastinaca sativa

Siser is commonly knowne, whose roote being sod is pleasing to ye tast and profitable for ye stomach, vreticall and stirring vp of the Appetite.

POT

140.

LAPATHON.

HERBS

Rumex patientia.

151

Dock

Lapathum, one sort of it is called Oxylapathum growing in marishie places, hard, sommewhat

picked towards the top, but that

of ye garden is not like vnto ye former: there is a third kinde of it that is wilde, small like vnto plantaine, soft, low. There is also a fowrth kinde of it, which somme call Oxalis, or Anaxuris, or

Lapathum whose leaues are like vnto ye wilde & small Lapathum, the stalke not greate, ye seed picked, red, sharpe, vpon the stalke, and branches round about: the herbes of all these being sod doe mollifie the belly. But being applyed as a Cataplasme raw, with Rosaceum, or saffron, it doth dissolue the Meliceridas,

But the

seed of the wilde Lapathum, & of Oxylapathum, & of the Oxalis is profitably dranck with water or wine for Dysenteries and Coeliacall affections, and the stroake of a scorpion, and for ye nauseous-

nesse of the stomach, and if any drinck it beforehand, he shall take noe hurt being striken (by a Scorpion). And ye roots of them being sod with vinegar, or raw and applyed as a Cataplasme, doe

152

DIOSCORIDES,

BK. II

7,

hy?

oF?

POT HERBS 153 cure Leprosies, the Impetigines, and Scabrous nailes, but you must first thoroughly rub the place in the sunne with Nitre or vinegar. The decoction of them being fomented on, or mixed with a Bath, doe allay itchings. They doe also assuage the paine of ye eares, and the paine of the teeth, being washt therewith after they are sod in wine. They doe also dissolue the strumas, and the Parotidas, being sod in wine, & soe applyed, and they lessen the spleen, being

decocted sod in vinegar.

Somme

vse ye rootes as an Amulet

hanging them about the neck, for ye Struma. They doe also stop ye muliebrem fluxum, being beaten small, and soe layd to. Being sod with wine, & dranck, they help the ictericall, they breake the stones in the bladder, draw out the menstrua, and help such as are

smitten of Scorpions.

141.

141.

HIPPOLAPATHON

HIPPOLAPATHON. Rumex aquaticus Water Dock

Hippolapathum is a great Olus growing in Marishes, it hath the like vertue to those formerly spoken off.

154

DIOSCORIDES,

BK. II

142. LAMPSANE

142.

LAMPSANE. Sinapis arvensis Mustard

Lampsana [the Latines call it Napium, ye Aegyptians Euthmoe} is a wilde Olus, more nourishing and more agreeable to ye stomach than Lapathum, whose stalkes and leaues are eaten being sod.

POT

143.

BLITON.

HERBS

Amaranthus

55

Blitum

Blite Blitum [the Aegyptians call it Eclotoripam, others Riplam, the Latines Blitum, ye Dacians Blesj this also is eaten like a potherbe, hauing noe medicinall vertue.

156

DIOSCORIDES, BK. II

144.

144.

MALACHE AGRIA. MALACHE

MALACHE

KEPAIA

Malva sylvestris

Mallow KEPAIA. Alcea rosea

Hollyhock Malva

[that

Anthema,

is sown

Zoroastres

Magi Caprae

the Latines Diadesma,

lien, others

call

Muris cauda.]

fitt to be eaten than that which

Hortensis,

the Aegyptians

that

Pythagoras

Chocorten,

is sown

the

is more

is wilde, but it is bad for the

stomach, and good for the belly, & especially the stalkes which are profitable for the entrailes and the bladder. The raw leaues being chewed with a little salt, and anointed on with Hony haue ye power to cure the Aegilopia, but when it is to be brought to a Cicatrix, then it must be vsed with salt. And being anointed

POT HERBS 157 on it is available for ye stingings of bees and waspes, and if a man beforehand be anointed therewith raw, beaten small with oyle, hee

remaines

vnstrikable.

Being applyed with vrine, it cures

running sores of the head, and the Furfures;

the sodden

the

leaues

being beaten small and applyed with oyle, doe help Ambusta & Erysipelata. But the decoction of it is a mollifying Insession for the wombe, and is fitt for glisters for ye gnawing of ye entrailes, and of ye wombe, & of the seate. But the broth of it being sod together with ye rootes doth help all poysonings, but they which drinke it must continually vomit it vp. It is good also for such as are bitten by the Phalanx, & it brings out milke. But ye seed of ye wilde Lote being mixed therewith, dranck with wine, doth assuage the griefs about ye bladder.

158

DIOSCORIDES,

145.

BK. II

ATRAPHAXIS

N 145.

ATRAPHAXIS. Atriplex rosea Orach Arpaga£éis, which somme call Chrysolachanon, [the Latins call it Atriplex, the Aegyptians Ochi] is a knowne potherbe, of twoe sorts, the one wilde, the other sowne in gardens. This last is eaten as a Pothearb being sod; but being besmeared on, either raw

or sod, it doth dissolue the Panos,

but the seed of it being

dranck with Melicrat, doth cure ye Icterus.

POT

HERBS

159

KRAMBE

146.

KRAMBE

EMEROS.

EMEROS. Brassica oleracea Cabbage

Brassica, that is sown or sett [Somme call it Crambe Cepaea, 1.e. garden Brassica, the Latines Brassica] is good for the belly, being eaten when it is but a little sod, for being thoroughly sod it bindes

160

DIOSCORIDES,

BK. II

the belly, & much more that which is twice sod and that which is sod in Lye. But the Summer Brassica is naught for the stomach, and sharper, but that which growes in Egypt is vnedible for its bitternesse. Being eaten, it helps such as are dull-sighted, and such as are troubled with tremblings ; being taken after meate, it doth extinguish the maladies that comme of gluttony, and wine. But the young tendrell of it is better for the stomach, yet sharper, and more vretical].

Being condited

in salt, it is bad for the stomach

and troubling of the belly. The iuice of it being raw, and swallowed with Iris, & Nitre, doth mollify ye belly. And being dranck with wine, it helps such as are bitten of a Viper. But with the meale of Foengraeck and vinegar, it helps such as haue the gowte in their feet, and in their joints, and being applyed it is good for fowle and old vicers. Being itself poured into the nosthrills, it doth purge the head. It expells the Menstrua being taken as a pessum with the meale of Lolium. The leaues being beaten small, & applyed, either of themselues, or with Polenta, are good for any inflammation, and the oedemata, and they doe also heale the Erysipelata,

and ye Epinyctides, and the Lepraes. But with salt they breake Carbuncles round about. And they stay the falling of the hayre off from ye head. Being sod, and mixed with Hony, they are good against ye fretting Gangraenes, and being eaten raw with vinegar, they are good for ye spleneticall. Being chewed, and ye iuice swallowed downe, they restore the losse of ye voice. And the decoction of it being dranck doth moue the belly, and the menstrua.

But the flower being applyed in a Pessum after childe birth, doth hinder Conception. The seed especially of that which growes in Aegypt, being dranck doth expell the wormes. It is put also into Theriacall Antidots. It doth cleare ye countenance, & cleanse away ye Lentigines. But the green stalkes being burnt together with

the rootes,

being mixed

with

old swines

grease,

and

soe

applyed, doe assuage long continued paines of the syde.

147.

KRAMBE AGRIA.

Brassica cretica

Wild Cabbage

.

Wilde Brassica [which the Latines call Brassica Rustica] doth grow most commonly in maritim and steep places, like vnto that which is set, but it is whiter, & rougher, and bitter. But the young tendrells of it sod in Lye, are not vnsauoury to the mouth. But the leaues being applyed as a Cataplasme, haue a power of conglutinating wounds, and of dissoluing Oedemata and Inflammations.

POT

HERBS

147.

148.

KRAMBE

KRAMBE THALASSIA.

161

AGRIA

Crithmum maritimum

But that which is called the Sea Crambe,

is alltogether different

from the Sative, having many thinne leaues like vnto ye round Aristolochia. But euerie one of them springes from reddish branches out of one stalke, like Ivie.

It hath also a white iuice, but

not in any great abundance. It is saltish to ye tast, and sommewhat bitter, of a fat substance, But the whole herbe is an enemy to ye stomach, sharp, and mightily loosening the belly if it be eaten sod. But somme because of ye sharpenesse of it, doe seeth together with it the fatt of Rams.

ae

148. KRAMBE M

THALASSIA

162

DIOSCORIDES,

BK. II

\

%

SH

\! mall

149. TEUTLON

149. TevrAov,

TEUTLON MELAN AGRION. Beet

MELAN

AGRION

Beta vulgaris

[the Great, the Latins call it Beta siluatica],

is of

twoe sortes, of which ye black doth more binde the belly, being sod with Lens, and most of all the roote, but the white is good for

the belly. They are both of them of bad iuice for the nitre that is in them. Whence the iuice of them being put into the Nosthrill with Hony doth purge the head, and doth help the paines of the eares. But ye decoction of ye rootes & the leaues, is a cleanser of the Furfures,

& ye Lendes,

and an

assuager

of the Perniones

being fomented on. But with the raw leaues you must anoint the Vitiligines with Nitre, and the Alopeciae being first shaven, and

fretting vicers. But being sod they doe heale the Exanthemata, and the Ambusta, & the Erysipelata.

POT

HERBS

163

150. ANDRACHNE Portulaca hath an astrictiue power.

Being applyed with Polenta,

it doth helpe the paine of the Head, and the inflammations of the eyes, and other (inflammations), and the burnings of the stomach; and the Erysipelata, and the griefs of the bladder. But being eaten, it doth assuage the stupiditie of ye teeth, and the burning of the stomach & entrailes, and the flux, and doth help the eroded kidnies,

and

the bladder,

and

doth

dissolue

the hot

desire

to

conjunctions. The iuice of it also being dranck doth worke the like effects, being good also in burning feauers. And being much sod (it is good) for thé Teretes Lumbrici, and for the spitting of bloud, and Dysenteries, and for the Haemorrhoids, and the eruption of bloud, & for the bitings of the Seps. And it is profitably mixed with eye medicines, and it is a glister for ye bowells troubled with a flux, or for an Erosa vulua. And (it is) an irrigation with Rosaceum, or oyle, for head-aches that comme of heate.

And with

wine a cleansing oyntment for ye pustules on ye head, & for wounds growing to a Gangraene being applyed with Polenta.

Ne 2 GN

HK

(/ZL)

US

151. ANDRACHNE AGRIA

|

"“

164

DIOSCORIDES,

151.

ANDRACHNE AGRIA.

BK. II

Portulaca oleracea

Purslane Portulaca Syluestris, {called Aizoon agrion 1.e. Semperviuum Syluestre, somme call it Telephium, the Latins (call it) Hlecebra, somme Portulaca, the Aphricans Maemoem, the Dacians Lax, the Aegyptians Mochmutim] hath broader, and thick little leaues, than the former Portulaca. It growes in rocky places, somme tymes also it is in Gardens. It hath leaues like those of the Oliue tree, but much smaller, yet more and tender. Red stalkes, many out of one roote, leaning to ye earthward,

which

being chewed

(are found to be of good iuice, clammie, and sommewhat saltish. It hath a warming sharpe, exulcerating facultie, and being applyed with Axungia, dissoluing of ye Strumae.

152. ASPHARAGOS. Asparagus acutifolius Asparagus Asparagus [which somme call Myon] growing in rocky places is a knowne herbe, the small stalke whereof being sod and eaten doth mollifie the belly and prouoke vrine. But the decoction of the roots being dranck doth help the Dysureticall, Ictericall, Nephriticall, and Ischiadicall, as also such as are bitten of ye Phalanx, being sod in wine such as are troubled with the toothach,

the

decoction being kept on the pained tooth. And the seed also being dranck is good for the same effects. They say also that doggs drincking ye decoction of them will dye. And some haue related that if one hauing beaten rammes hornes in pieces do bury them, Asparagus commes vp, which yet is incredible to mee. Now this Asparagus is a plant of many branches, hauing many leaues long, like vnto Fennill; with a round roote, great, hauing a knob, of

which the stalke being beaten small with white wine, doth assuage the griefs of the kidnies.

And being taken either boyled, or roasted

it doth lenifie stranguries, and Dysuries, and dysenteries.

But the

roote

assuage

of it being sod either

in wine

or vinegar,

doth

dislocations. Being sod with figgs, & Cicers, & soe taken it doth cure the Icterus, and it doth assuage the Ischias, and the strangurie. Being hanged about {as an Amulet], and the decoction of it dranck, it makes one barren, and not fitt for generation.

POT

HERBS

165

153. ARNOGLOSSON. Plantago major ARNOGLOSSON MIKRON. Plantago Lagopus Plantain Plantago, [Somme call it Arnion (as we should say of a Lambe) Somme Probation (as we should say of a sheep). Some Cynoglosson, (that is Doggs tongue), somme Heptapleuron, somme Polynervon (that is hauing many sinewes); The Magi call it Eurechneumonis, the Aegyptians Aschat, the Latins Plantago minor, (the French) Tarbidolopion, ye Spaniards Thesarican, the Africans Atiercon.]

is of twoe

kindes, this lesser, the other greater.

smaller sort hath narrower smoother,

The

leaues, and lesser, and softer, and

and thinner, with a Cornery stalke, bending downe

as

it were vpon the ground. The flowers are pale, the seed is vpon ye top of the stalks. But the greater kinde is more flourishing, broade leaued, of the kinde of an Olus. The stalke vpon this is cornery, sommewhat red, of the heighth of a cubit, compassed about from the middle to ye toppe with a thinne seed. The rootes lye vnder, being tender, rough, white, a finger thick.

It growes in

marishies, & hedges, and moist places. But ye greater is the better for vse. The leaues haue a drying binding facultie. Wherefore being anointed on, they are against all malignant and leprous, running, and filthy vicers. They doe stop also the flux of bloud, and the Nomae, & ye Carbunculi, the Herpetae, the Epinyctidae,

and they cicatrize old and irregular vlcers, and heale the Chironian and conglutinate the hollow creeks thereof. And they are good for dogg

bitings,

& ambustions,

inflammations,

the

Parotides,

the

Panos, the Strumae also, and the Aegilops, being applyed with

salt. But the herb being sod, and taken with water and salt, helps the Dysentericall & the Coelicall. It is giuen also, being sod with Lenticula, instead of Beets. & The herbe also being sod is

giuen for ye Dropsie called, Leucoplegmatia after ye eating of drye meates, yet soe, that it must be taken in the midst of ye eating them. It is good also being giuen to ye Epilepticall and the Asthmaticall. But the iuice of the leaues doth cleanse the vlcers of the mouth, if it be washt ever now & then with it. With Cimolia

or Cerussa, it heales the Erysipelata, and it helps Fistulaes beeing poured into them; the iuice being dropt in, or mixt in Collyries doth help the paines of the eares, and the griefs of the eyes, and it is good for bleeding gummes, & for such as cast bloud vpward, being dranck. And it is good for the dysentericall being giuen by

way of Glister. And it is dranck- against consumption, & for the Stranglings of the womb, and for an wombe troubled with a flux

166

DIOSCORIDES,

it is giuen in a Pessum in woll.

BK.

II

And the seeds being dranck in

wine doe stop the fluxes of the belly, and the spitting of bloud. But the roote being sod, and ye mouth either washt with the decoction, or the roote chewed, doth assuage the toothache.

roote and the leaues is giuen in Passum

The

for the vlcers in the

bladder, and kidnies, But somme say, that three roots being dranck

with three Cyathi of wine, and as much of water doe help a Tertian and that four rootes (doe help) a quartane Ague. Somme also doe vse ye roote in manner of an Amulet for the Strumae, and they doe dissolue them. [The Syrians say that the broth of this, and Calaminth, with Hony, will cure the Paralyticall, being giuen, on

the second and fowrth day, to ye Parasciue, (that is the Fry day), but take this as a secret, for it is most true, and according to experience}.

153.

ARNOGLOSSON

POT

1§4. SION

154.

TO

EN

HERBS

167

ODASIN

SION TO EN ODASIN.

Sium nodiflorum

Sium Aquaticum [Somme call it Anagallis aquatica, somme Schoenos Aromatica, (quasi Iuncus odoratum) somme Daren ion, somme Lauer] is a little shrub, which is found in ye water, vpright, fatt, hauing broade leaues like to Hipposelinum, yet sommewhat lesse, and aromaticall, which being eaten either sod or eaten raw doe breake the stones, & cast them out. They doe also moue the vrine, and expell ye Embrya, and the Menstrua, and they

are good for the dysentericall, being eaten. thus.

It is an herbe

like a shrub,

Crateuas speakes of it

little, hauing round

leaues,

greater than Minte black, drawing neer vnto Eruca [sativa, the Rocket.]

168

DIOSCORIDES,

BK.

155.

155. SISUMBRION.

II

SISUMBRION.

Stachys germanica

Sisymbrium, somme call it Serpillum syluestre [somme Veneris corona, the Latines Austeralis, others Herba Venerea] growes in vntillowed groundes. It is like vnto Garden Minte, yet broader leaued, & of a sweeter scent, which is vsed to be put into crownes.

It hath a warming

facultie.

The

seed

with wine is good for the stranguries

and

thereof

being dranck

the stone, and doth

allay the Tormina, and the Singultus. But the leaues are layed vpon the temples & the forehead for the head-ache; they are good also for ye stingings of waspes & of bees, and being dranck

it stayes vomitings.

POT

156.

HERBS

SISUMBRION ETERON.

169

Sisymbrium nasturtium

This other Sisymbrium, there be somme

who call it Cardamine &

somme call it Sion. It is a watery herbe, growing in the same places that Sion does. But somme call it Cardamine because it doth resemble Nasturtium in ye tast.

It hath round leaues at first,

but being growne they are diuided as that of Eruca. But it is warming, and vreticall, & it is also eaten raw. It takes away the

Lentigines, & ye sun burning, being layd on all night, & wiped away in ye morning.

157. Crithmon,

KRITHMON. Crithmum maritimum Samphire

somme

call it Critamon,

is a little shrubbie

herbe,

thick of leaues, the height of it is ebout a cubit, growing in rockie and maritime places, being full of fatt, and whitish leaues, like vnto those of Purcelane, yet thicker & longer, & salt to ye tast. It beares white flowers, and a soft fruit like that of Libanotis,

sweet smelling, round, which being drye cleaues asunder, & hath a seed within it like wheate, and rootes the thickness of a finger, odoriferous, & of a pleasant tast.

The seed, and the roote, and the

leaues beeing sod in wine, & soe dranck are effectuall to help the Dysureticall & the Ictericall, and they moue the menstrua. It is used like a potherbe, being eaten either sod or raw, and it is also preserued in brine.

170

DIOSCORIDES,

1§8.

158.

KORONOPOUS.

BK. II

KorRONOPOUS.

Lotus ornithopodioides

Bird’s foot trefoil

|

Coronopus [somme call it Ammonos, somme Astrion, the Aphricans call it Atirsipte, the Latins Caciatrix, somme

Stilago, somme

Sanguinaria] is a little Herb sommewhat long, spreading vpon ye ground, hauing leaues indented, & this is also eaten as a pot herbe being sod, hauing a thinne roote, binding, which being eaten

is good for ye Coeliaci, it growes in vntilled places & on hillocks, & by the high-waies.

POT

HERBS

i

1§9. SONCHOS

159.

SONCHOS

AKANTHODESTEROS.

TRUPHEROS

Helminthia

echioides

SONCHOS TRACHOS. Sonchus arvensis SONCHOS TRUPHEROS. Sonchus oleraceus Sow-thistle Of

Sonchus

[Somme

call

it Asperum,

somme

Cichorium,

the

Romans Cicerbita, the Aphricans Gathuonem.] & of this there are two kindes, the one is more wilde & more prickly, the other more

tender,

and

edible.

The

stalke

is angulosus,

and

within

sommewhat red, it hath leaues ragged at a distance round about.

172

DIOSCORIDES,

BK.

II

4 bey, ‘4, ey : OSSCA,

XN

Mee,

.

«%

rb TEE ZL

a PENI

ow

oe

\

(i'sreper Ve

aN

The facultie of them is refrigeratiue, and moderately binding, whence, being applyed, they are good for a burning stomach & inflammations. The iuice being supt vp doth assuage the gnawing of the stomach, & drawes downe the milke, & being applyed in wool, it doth help the inflammations of the seates, and of the wombe. But the herbe and the roote being layd on, doe help such as are smitten of a scorpion. There is also another kinde of Sonchus, which is tender also, & growes like a tree, and broade leaued, but the leaues diuide the stalke.

for the same purposes.

And this also effectuall

POT

160.

HERBS

178

SERIS.

Chicorium Endivia Endive Seris [Somme call it Picris, the Aegyptians Agon, the Romans Intybus agrestis] is of two kindes, wilde, & Satiue, of which the wilde is called Pickris or Cichorum, but ye other kinde broader leaued, and better rellishing the mouth, which is that of ye Garden. And this is of a twoefold kinde, for the one is more like lettuce, and broade leaued, the other is narrow leaued, and bitter.

But they are all of them binding, cooling, and good for the stomach. Being sod they stop ye belly, being taken with vinegar, and especially the wilde are best for ye stomach, for beeing eaten they comfort a crazie & burning stomach. Being layd on with Polenta, or of themselues, they are good for the Cardiacall; they help gowtes, & inflammations of the eyes. But the Herb, and ye roote being anointed on doe help such as are smitten of a Scorpion, and with Polenta they doe heale the Erysipelata. With Cerussa and Vinegar the iuice of them is good to be anointed on such as haue need of refrigerating

161.

KONDRILLE.

Chondrilla ramosissima

or

C. juncea

KONDRILLE ETERA.

Thrinsia tuberosa oy Apargia

Condrilla, which some also call Cichorium or Seris, hath leaues and

a stalke and flowers like vnto Cicorie, wherevpon somme haue sayd that it is a kinde of wilde Seris. But it is wholly much smaller, about the branches of which there is found a gumme like vnto mastick, of the bignesse of a beane, which being beaten small with myrrh, & the bignesse of an Oliue applyed in a linnen cloth doth driue out the menstrua. But the herbe being pounded together with the roote, and hony mixed with it, is formed into Trochiscks

which being diluted, and mixed with nitre, doe take away Sun burnings. But the gumme doth glutinate the haire againe. And the roote, being taken whilst it is new, is good for ye same purposes, a needle being dipped [into the iuice of] it, & soe put to the haire. It is good also against vipers being dranck with wine, and the tuice of it being sod with wine and soe dranck, or else taken of itself doth stop the belly. There is also another kinde of Condrilla, but it hath a leafe gnawne about, sommewhat long, strawed on ye ground, and ye stalke full of iuice, but a slender roote, liuely, smooth, round, of a pale yellow, full of iuice.

The stalke & the

leaues haue a concocting facultie, but this iuice is good for conglutinating the haire on the eye lids. But it growes in fertill, & cultivated fields.

DIOSCORIDES,

BK.

II

eae

ZSS aweWNViz

“Say We

161.

KONDRILLE

POT

162.

HERBS

175

KOLOKUNTHA. Cucumis sativus Cucumber

The edible Cucurbita, being bruised, & layd on raw, doth assuage

the Oedemata, & suppurations of vlcers. The scraping of it is profitably layd to the upper part of the head of children, which are troubled with the heat of the head called ye Siriasis, and for ye inflammations of the eyes, & those of ye gowte likewise. But the iuice of the Scrapings bruised, being dropt in, either by itself, as also with Rosaceum, doth help the paine of the eares. The same likewise being anointed on is good for appearance of burning by heate. But the herb being sod whole, & the iuice thereof strained out, & drancke with a little Hony & Nitre, doth gently

loose the belly. And if any excavating it when it is raw, and put wine thereinto, and set it abroade in the open aire, and afterward diluting it, drincke it fasting, it doth gently mollifie the

belly. 163.

SIKUOS EMEROS. Melon

The Sative Cucumer,

Cucumis Melo

is good for the belly & the stomach, cooling

if it be not corrupted, profitable for the bladder, being smellt vnto calling back such as are in a swoone, and the seed of it is indifferently vreticall. And with milke, or Passum, it is good for ye exulcerations of ye bladder. But the leaues thereof being applyed with wine doe heale ye bitings of doggs, and with Hony the Epinyctidas.

164.

PEPON.

Cucurbita

Pepo

Pompion The Pulp also of Pumpions is vreticall being eaten, but being applyed, it doth mitigate the inflammations of the eyes. But the scraping of it is layd vpon the top part of the head of children that are troubled with ye Siriasis, & it is layd) as an Anacollema to the forehead for rhumatick eyes; but the iuice together with the seed, being mixed with meale and dryed in the sunne, is a scowrer to purge away filth, and to make the countenance cleare. But the dry roote being dranck with Hydromel to ye weight of a dragme, doth cause vomitings. But if any would vomit gently after supper, two oboli, will be sufficient. It doth also heale the Favos, being anointed on with Hony.

176

DIOSCORIDES,

BK. II

165.

165.

THRIDAX EMEROS. Lettuce

THRIDAX

EMEROS

Lactuca sativa

G@pdcg {the Romans call it Lactuca, the Egyptians Embrosi] the garden Lettuce is good for ye stomach a little refrigerating, causing sleep, softning the belly, drawing downe of milke. But being sod, it is more nourishing. Being eaten vnwasht it is good for the stomachici. But the seed of it being dranck, doth help such as dreame continually, & doth avert conjunction. But they being eaten too often are causing of dullnesse of sight. They are also preserued in brine. But when they shoot vp into a stalk they haue somme thing like to the virtue of the iuice, & milke of the wilde Lettuce.

POT

HERBS

166.

177

THRIDAX

AGRIA

166.

THRIDAX AGRIA. Lactuca Scariola Wild Lettuce Alpia Opdag, [which the Magi call Sanguis Titani, Zoroastres Pherumbras, ye Romans Lactuca Syluestris], is like vnto the satiue, but larger stalked,

& whiter in the leaues, & thinner, &

sharper, but bitter to ye tast.

It is sommewhat

in virtue like

vnto Poppy, whence some doe mixe the milkie iuice of it with Meconium. The iuice of it being dranck, ye quantity of two

Oboli with Posca, belly. It doth also eyes, & it is good anointed on with & easing of paine. to be dranck also Phalangii.

doth purge away watry matter through the weare off the Albuginem, & ye Caliginem of the also against the burning heate of them, being woman’s milke. It is in generall soporiferous, Also it driues out the Menstrua, & it is giuen for such as are smitten of Scorpions, and ye

But the seed of it as well as that of the Satiue being

dranck, doth avert wanton dreames, & venerie.

good for the same purposes, yet weaker.

The iuice also is

The milkie iuice of it,

being first insolated as other extracted iuices is layd vp in new earthen vessells. N

178

DIOSCORIDES,

BK. II

167.

GINGIDION

167. GINGIDION Gingidium, {the Romans call it Bisacutum, the Aegyptians Dory-

sastrum, the Syrians Adorion, the Aphricans Tiricta] somme call Lepidium, growes plentifully in Cilicia, and Syria, a little herbe, like vnto wilde Pastinaca, yet thinner, & thicker, a little roote whitish and bitterish. It is ordered as a Pothearb, & is eaten both raw &

sod; or pickled it is good for the stomach, vreticall, & ye decoction of it being dranck with wine, is good for the bladder.

POT

168. Scandix

SKANDUX.

[the Romans

HERBS

179

Scandix Pecten Veneris

Wild Chervil call it Herba Scanaria,

and this also is a wilde potherb, sommewhat

somme

Acicula]

sharpe, and bitter,

edible whether eaten raw or sod, good for the belly and ye stomach. But the decoction of it being dranck is good for ye bladder, and ye kidnies, and the Liuer.

180

DIOSCORIDES,

169. Caucalis

Bryon,

[somme

the

Aegyptians

KAUKALIS. call

Romans

somme

Gallinaceum,

Seselis], which

II

Handquistia Aegyptiaca

it Caucum,

Pes

BK.

somme

Myitis,

somme

call wilde

Pes

Daucus,

Democritus

Pulli,

the

is a little

stalke of a spans length or more, hauing leaues like vnto Fennill much diuided, & rough, and on ye top of it a white Tuffe, of a fragrant scent ; and this also is vsed as a pothearbe, being eaten either raw or sod, & it is diureticall.

pintado

169. KAUKALIS

Nes

POT

170.

HERBS

181

EUZOMON. Eruca sativa Rocket

Evfwpov [the Romans call it Eruca, ye Aegyptians Ethrekicen, the Africans Asuric] This being eaten raw in any great quantitie doth provoke Venery, and the seed of it also doth work ye like effect, being vreticall and digestiue, & good for ye belly. They doe also vse the seed of it in making of sawces, which that it may endure the longer, hauing macerated it first in vinegar, or milke, making it into Trochiscks, they ,afterward lay it vp in store. There also grows a wild Eruca, especially in Iberia towards ye west, whose seed the men there doe vse instead of Mustard. more diureticall, & farre sharper then the Satiue.

170.

EUZOMON

It is

182

DIOSCORIDES,

171. OKIMON.

BK. II

Ocymum basilicum Basil

Ocimum is commonly knowne, being eaten much it dulls the eyesight, but it is a softner of ye belly, a mouer of flatulencies, vreticall,

and calling out of milke. with the flour of Polenta,

It is hard of digestion. Being applyed & Rosaceum,

& vinegar, it doth help

inflammations, & ye stroke of ye Sea dragon, and of ye Scorpion. Of itself with Chian wine (it is good) for ye griefs of the eyes. But ye iuyce of it, doth take away the dimnesse that is in the eyes, and drie vp the rhumes. But the seed being dranck is good for such as breed melancholy, & for ye Dysureticall and for the Flatulent. It causeth also many sneesings, being drawn vp by the smell, & the herb doth the like. But the eyes must be shut whilst ye sneesing holds. Somme also doe avoyd it and doe not eate it, because that being chewed, and set in the Sunne, it breeds little wormes. But the Africans haue entertained it, because they which eate it & are smitten of a Scorpion, yet remaine without paine.

171.

OKIMON

d

POT HERBS

183

172. OROBANKE. Cuscuta europaea Dodder Orobanche, [Somme call it Cynomorion, somme Leonem, but the Cyprians call it Thyrsine, It is commonly call Lycos, [as we should say, A wolf] is a little stalke sommewhat

twoe

spans

[high] & somme

rough, tender, endowed

tymes

greater,

red, as it were of

fattish

in leaues,

with whitish flowers, or sommewhat

en-

clining to yellow. The roote lyes vnder, of the thicknesse of a finger, eaten through with holes at ye drying of the stalke. It seems that growing among somme pulse, it doth choke them, whence also it had its name. It is vsed as a Pothearb, either raw, or sod, being eaten out of a platter as Asparagus. And being sod together with Legumina, it is thought to make them seeth ye sooner.

173. TRAGOPOGON

173. TRAGOPOGON.

A

~

Tragopogon villosum (T. porrifolius) Goat’s-beard

Tragopogon, or Tetrapogon, somme call it Come, is a short stalke, the leaues like vnto saffron. The roote long, sweet. A great Cup vpon the stalke, & a black fruit out of the top, from which also it tooke its name; it is an edible Herbe.

184

DIOSCORIDES, 174.

ORNITHOGALON.

BK. II

Ornithogalum umbellatum

Ornithogalon is a tender stalke, thinne, whitish, as it were of two

spans, hauing three or 4 tender slips, growing together on the top, from which comme the flowers, which outwardly looke of the colour of Herbes, but being opened they are like milke, and between them a little head cut in as Canchrys, which is baked together with bread, as Melanthium.

The roote is bulbose, which

is eaten both raw, & sod.

175.

HUDNON. Tuber cibarium Truffle

Tuber is a round roote, without leaues and without stalke, of a

pale yellow, being digged vp in ye spring it is edible, eaten either raw, or sod.

716. SMILAX.

Smilax aspera

Smilax Garden

Smilax, whose fruit Lobia (as we should say Siliquae)

is called Asparagus

of somme,

hath

leaues like vnto

Ivie, but

softer, but thinne stalkes, and claspers wrapped about the neighbouring shrubs, which grow soe much, that they serue to be made into bowers. It beares a fruit like vnto Foenigreek, but longer, and more renowned, within which are seeds like vnto kidnies, not alike of colour, but partly sommewhat reddish. The

fruit (or rather the Siliqua) is eaten pot-herb-like together with ye seeds, being boyled as Asparagus. But it moves vrine, & is a causer of troublesomme dreames.

177.

MEDICE.

Medicago sativa

Lucern Medica being but just sprung vp, is like vnto Trifolium that growes in meadowes, but being more growne it becommes to be narrower-

leaued, sending out stalks like vnto Trifolium, vpon the which growes the seed of the bignesse of a lentill wreathed about as a little horne ; which being dryed, is mixed for its sweet savour’s sake to salt sauces. But being layd on whilst it is green, it is good for whatsoeuer hath need of cooling. But they which breed beasts vse the whole herbe instead of grasse.

POT

HERBS

185

Py =]

* (DA

UD

Y]

arvany NO DOO DOD DEE LOAAHS Ca

178. APHAKE

178.

APHAKE.

Lathyrus Aphaca

Yellow-pea Aphaca is a little shrub growing in the fields, higher than the Lentiae, small leaued. But the Siliquae that grow vpon it are greater than those of the Lentill, containing three or four little seeds, great & lesse than the Lentill. The little seeds of it haue a binding facultie, whence they stop both the flux of ye belly and ye stomach, being fryed, or bruised and sod, as ye Lentill is.

e ANG Y

W) ANS

187

DRIMEA HERBS

TON

WITH

BOTANIKON

A SHARP

179. PRASON.

QUALITY

Allium Porrum Leek

The headed Leek [the Latins call it Porrum] is inflative, of bad iuice, causing troublesomme dreams, vreticall, good for the belly, extenuating, causing dullnesse of sight, expelling of ye menstrua, hurting of the exulcerated bladder, & of ye kidnies.

But being sod

with Ptissana or otherwise eaten, it brings out the thinges that stop ye breast.

But ye blades of it beeing sod in sea-water & vine-

gar, is excellent good by way of Insession for the suffocation & hardnesse of the wombe. But it growes sweet & becommes lesse flatulent if it be sod in two waters, & macerated in cold water.

But the seed is the sharper, hauing also sommething of binding. Whence the iuice of it with vinegar and Manna or Franckincense mixed, doth stop the bloud, & especially that which commes from the Nosthrills, and it doth provoke Venerie, and it is good to be

vsed as a Lohoc with Hony for all the griefs in the Thorax, and being eaten (it is also good) against ye Tabes. It doth also cleanse

Spiritalem canaliculam.

But being eaten with a continuance, it is

a duller of the sight, & is also naught for ye stomach. The iuice also being dranck with Melicrate is a remedie for such as are bitten by venemous beasts, & the leek itself too, being applyed doth doe good. The iuice also being dropped in with Acetum, & Franckincense, and milke, or Rosaceum, doth help the paines of ye eares and the noyses of them. The leaues also being applyed with Rhoe obsoniorum, doe take away the varos, & heale ye Epinyctidae. And being layd on with salt, it doth emarginate the crusts of vicers. But twoe dragms of the seeds being dranck with the like quantity of Myrtle-berries doe stop the veteres superne reiectiones sanguinis.

180. AMPELOPRASON Ampeloprasum is worse for ye stomach than the leeke, but it 1s warmer & more vreticall, expelling of the Menstrua ; it is good also being eaten for such as are bitten of poysonous beasts.

188

DIOSCORIDES,

181.

KROMUON.

BK. II

Allium Cepa

Onion The oynion {which somme call Polyides, ye Magi Calabotis, the Latins Caepa] which is long is sharper than that which is round, and the redd than the white, and the drie than the green, and the raw than the roasted, or kept in salt. But they are all of them of a biting qualitie and inflatiue, inviting of an appetite, extenuating,

breeding thirst, causing nauseousnes, purging, good for the belly, opening ye passages of other excrements, soe also of ye Haemorrhoids. They are giuen for a suppositorie, beeing first peeled, and cast into oyle. But the iuice being anointed on with Hony, doth help such as are dull of sight, the Argemae, the Nubeculae, & such as beginne to be troubled with suffusions, and the Anginosi also,

being anointed on. It doth both moove & expell ye menstrua, & being infusus it is a purger of the head, by the Nosthrill. It is a Cataplasme with salt, and Rue, and Hony for such as are bitten of

doggs. And being thoroughly anointed in ye sun with Acetum it doth cure the Vitiligines, and with the like quantitie of Spodium, it doth assuage the scabras lippitudines. And with salt it doth represse the Varos. With pultries grease it is good for shooe galls, and for the flux of the belly, & for hardnesse of hearing, and for noyse in ye eares, and for purulent eares: it is good also for the dropping down of water in ye eares, & for the Alopeciae being rubd on, for it doth sooner call out ye haire than Alcyonium. But oinion being much eaten causeth the head-ach, but being sod it becommes the more diureticall. But being much eaten of in tyme of sicknesse it makes men lethargicall. But this being sod and applyed as a Cataplasme with raisins of the Sunne or figges it ripens and breakes swelling soares.

182. SKORODON. Allium sativum LEUKOSKORODON. Allium ampeloprasum OPHIOSKORODON. Allium Scorodoprasum ELAPHOSKORODON. Allium subhirsutum

Garlic Garluk [somme call it Geboscum, some againe Elaphoboscum, the Latins Allium] somme

of it is Satiue & growes in gardens, & this

in Egypt, being only but of one head as the leeke, sweet, inclining to a purple colour. But elsewhere, it is compacted of many white cloues, the cloues that therein (the Greeks) call Aglithai. But there is another wilde kinde, called Ophioscorodon, (that is Serpent’s Garlick). It hath a sharp, warming biting qualitie, expelling of

NONKONY “7QI

NOGOUOUNSOHRdV1Y

SHARP HERBS 189

hy h! ;

“1gt

TgO

DIOSCORIDES,

BK. II

182. SKORODON

flatulencies, and disturbing of the belly, and drying of the stomach

causing of thirst, & of puffing vp, breeding of boyles in ye outsyde of the body, dulling the sight of the eyes. And the same thinges doth Ophioscorodon doe being eaten, which is called Elaphoscorodon also, (as we should say, Hart’s garlick), Being eaten, it driues out the broade wormes, and drawes away the vrine. It is good, as none other thing, for such as are bitten of vipers, or of

the Haemorrhous, wine being taken presently after, or else that being beaten small in wine, & soe dranck. It is applyed also by ye way of Cataplasme both for the same purposes profitably, as also layd on vpon such as are bitten of a mad dogge. Being eaten, it is good against the chaunge of waters [fauces expediende, easdeings asperas leniendo]. It doth cleare the arteries, & being eaten either raw or sod, it doth assuage old coughes. Being dranck with decoction of Origanum, it doth kill lice and nitts. But being

burnt, and tempered with hony it doth cure the sugillationes oculorum, and Alopeciae being anointed on, but for the Alopeciae (it must be applyed) with vnguentum Nardinum. And with salt & oyle it doth heale ye eruptiones papularum. It doth take away also the Vitiligines, & the Lichenes, & the Lentigenes, and the

SHARP

HERBS

running vlcers of the head, and the Furfures,

IgI & ye Lepras, with

hony. Being sod with Taeda and franckincense, & kept in the mouth it doth assuage the paine of ye teeth. And with figge leaues & Cummin it is a Cataplasme for such as are bitten of the Mygale. But the leafes decoction is an insession that brings downe the Menstrua & the Secundas. It is also taken by way of suffumigation for ye same purpose. But the stamping that is made of it and ye black olive together, called Myrton, doth moue the vrine & open ye mouths of ye veines & it is good also for the Hydropicall.

183. SKORODOPRA

183. SKORODOPRASON. Scordoprasum qualities both a mixt kinde leeke doe, but

Allium descendens

growes of the bignesse of a leek partaking of the of the garlick and the Leek, wherefore also it hath of strength, performing that which ye garlick & ye with lesse efficacie. It is ordered as a pot hearb to be

eaten, as ye leeke is, being sod, & soe made to grow sweet.

DIOSCORIDES,

&

at

BK. II

ip

i i) a

194

DIOSCORIDES,

184. SINEPI.

BK. II

Brassica alba

White Mustard Sinepi, or Napy, [the Romans call it Sinapi} Choose that which is not very drie, & very red, full, but which being broken lookes green within, & as it were iuicie and glaucum. For that which is new & in its prime is such. It is of a facultie to warme, to attenuate, and to draw, and being chewed to purge the Pituita of ye head. But ye iuice of it being mixed with Hydromel & gargarized, is good for the hard swellings of the Tonsillae, and for the old & callosas Scabritias of the Arterie. Being beaten small,

and

put vnto

ye nosthrills

it causeth

snevlings,

it doth

also help the Epilepticall, and revive such as are troubled with the strangling of the Vulua. It is also anointed on the Lethargicall, ye head being first shorne. Being mixed with figgs and layd on the place till it comme to rednesse it is good for Sciaticaes & Spleens, and in generall for any paine of long continuance when wee would draw out any thing from the deep within to the outsyde of the body (to cure it) by diuerting the grief somme other way. And being anointed on also it doth cure the Alopeciae and doth cleanse the face, and takes away the sugillata Oculorum with Hony, or fatt, or Cerat.

With Acetum it is anointed round about

for Leprosies and the wilde Impetigines. It is dranck also drie against ye circuits of feuers, being sprinckled on the drincke like as Polenta. It is also profitably mixed with drawing plaisters & such as are made for the Psora. It is good also for the hardnesse of hearing & ye noyse in the eares, being beaten with figgs and soe applyed. But the iuice of it with Hony is good both for the dullnesse of ye sight and for the Scabritias genarum being anointed on. The iuice is prest out of it whilst ye seed is green, and that which is prest dryed in the Sunne.

185.

KARDAMON.

Lepidium sauvum

Cress Cresses

[Somme

call it Cynocardamom,

somme

Iberis,

others

Cardamina, or Cardamantica, ye Aegyptians Semeth, the Latins Nasturtium], that seems to be best which is in Babylon. The seed of any sort of it is warming, sharpe, bad for ye stomach, troubling the belly, & expelling wormes, lessening ye spleen, killing the Embrya, moving ye menstrua, inciting to copulation: it is like of nature to mustard seed, & rocket seed.

Lepras, & impetigines.

It doth cleanse away

With Hony it keeps low the spleen being

SHARP HERBS

195

185. KARDAMON

anointed on, & it takes away the Fauos, & it brings vp the things sticking in the Thorax, being sod in Sorbitionibus. And _being dranck it is an Antidot against the poyson of Serpents, and with the suffitus of it, it drives away serpents. It staies falling haire. And bringing Carbuncles to suppuration it breakes them round about. Being anointed on with Acetum & Polenta, it is good for the Sciaticall.

and brine.

And it doth dissolue Oedemata and inflammations,

brings Furunculi And

to suppuration

the herb doth

somewhat lesse effectuall.

performe

being anointed

the same

on

with

thinges, yet it is

196

DIOSCORIDES,

BK. II

SHARP

186.

HERBS

197

THLASPI. Thlaspi Bursa-pastoris Shepherd’s-purse

Thlaspi {somme call it Thlaspidium, somme Sinapi Persicum, somme Sinapi syluestre, somme Myiten, somme Myopteron, somme Dasmophon, some Bitrum, the Aegyptians Suitempsum, ye Romans

Scandulaceum, somme

call it Capsella, somme

pes Gal-

linaceum] is a little herb, narrow in the leaues, the height as it were of a finger, bending to the ground, diuided at the toppe, somewhat fatt. It sends out a little stalke of twoe spans heighth, hauing a few little branches, & about the whole of it there is a fruit from the toppe sommewhat broade wherein there is a little seed enclosed like to Nasturtium,

of the fashion of a dish, as it were

broken or bruised, whence also it tooke its name; but the flower of it is sommewhat white, growing in waies, and vpon walls, & in hedges. The seed is sharpe, warming, purging choler vpward and downeward, being dranck to ye quantitie of an Acetabulum. It is made also into a Glister for the Sciaticall. Being dranck it brings out blood, and breakes the internos abscessus. It moues ye Menstrua also, and destroies the Embrya. Crateuas reckons up another kinde of Thlaspi which somme call Persicum Sinapi, broad leaued & bigge rooted, & this also

is mixed in Glisters for the Sciatica.

187. DRABA.

Lepidium Draba

Draba is an herbe hauing the height of a Cubit, and slender Spriggs, with leaues on both sydes as of Lepidium yet more tender and whiter, with a tuft on the top of it like Elder, hauing

white flowers. The herb of this is sod with Ptisana especially in Cappadocia, but the drye seed of it is mixed with sauces instead of Pepper.

188.

ERUSIMON.

Sisymbrium polyceratium

Erysimum [somme call it Chamaeplion, the Magi Herculis Alphita (hoc est Polenta), the Aegyptians Erethmu, the Romans call it Irio] growes about townes and yards of howses and gardens, but it hath leaues like vnto Eruca Syluestris. It hath little stalks plyable & flexible like a reine flowers of an yellowish colour, on the top are little Cods like hornes, slender as those of Foenigraec, in which are little seeds like those of Nasturtium, burning accord-

ing to the tast, which being licked in with Hony are good for the flux

of the

Thorax,

spitting

Icterus, and Sciaticaes.

And

vp of rotten

it is dranck

stuff,

coughes,

the

also against deadly

198

DIOSCORIDES,

188.

drenches.

BK. II

ERUSIMON

Being anointed on with water or Hony, it is good for the

hidden Carcinomata, for hardnesses, the Parotides, the inflamma-

tions of the stones, and the duggs, and in generall it doth attenuate and warme, but it is made the milder for Eclegmaes, being macerated

in water,

and

parched,

or bound

into a linnen

cloth and

SHARP

HERBS

199

wrapt about with kneaded flour, & soe roasted. [Let Erysimum being beaten small with wine be dranck for ye paine of ye belly, & if you cast 7 graines into an house, there shall be contention].

189. PIPERI.

Piper nigrum

Pepper Pepper is sayd to be a short tree growing in India, it sends out a fruit, at first long, like Cods, which is the long Pepper, hauing sommething within it like Milium which will be perfect Pepper, which at its tyme opening itself, it sends out clusters bearing graines such as wee know, of which somme

are vnripe, which are

the white Pepper, which is especially fitting for eye medicines & for Antidots and for Theriacall faculties, but the long is endued with an extraordinarie biting qualitie, and sommewhat bitter because of its vnripenesse and is fitting for Antidots and Thericall faculties. But the Black is sweeter and sharper than the white, and

more

pleasant to the mouth, and more aromaticall

because

it is ripe, & more fitt to be vsed for sawces, but the white and vnripe is weaker than the aforesayd. Chuse that which is heaviest, and full, black, not to much wrinkled, new, and not branny. There is somme found amongst this black, without nourishment, lanck and

light, which is called Brasma. All pepper in generall hath a warming, ureticall, concocting, attracting, dissoluing power, & of cleansing away of those thinges which darken the Pupillae. It is good also being either dranck, or anointed on, for periodicall rigors (of feauers), & it doth help such as are bitten of poysnous beasts, & it driues out ye Embrya. And being applyed as a Pessum it seems to be an hinderer of conception after coniunction. And it is good for all ye passions about the Thorax, and for coughs, being taken either in Lohocs or potions. And it is good for ye Squinancie, being anointed on with hony, and it dissolues the Tormina being dranck with the tender leaues of Lawrell. Being chewed

with Uvae passae, it drawes the Pituita out of the head.

And it is both an easer of paine and healing, & provokes appetite being mixed in sawces. Being taken with Pitch it doth dissolue the Strumae, & with Nitre it doth cleanse away the Vitiligines. It 1s roasted in a new earthen vessell over coales, being shaked about like as Lens.

But the roote of it is not Ginger, as somme

haue

supposed, as wee will shew a little after. Yet the roote of Pepper ts like vnto Costus, warming the tast, and causing spittle. It being anointed on with Acetum doth humble the spleen, but being chewed with Staueacre it draws out the Pituita.

200

DIOSCORIDES,

190. ZINGIBERI.

BK. II

Zingiber officinale

Ginger Ginger is a priuate plant growing plentifully in Troglodyticall Arabia, the green herb of which they vse for many purposes, as we doe Rue, seething & mixing it in oyle for drinkinge, & sod meates.

It hath small little roots, as those of Cyperus whitish,

resembling pepper in tast, and of a sweet smell. Chuse those which are most without rottennesse. But of somme, because of their soone rotting, they are preserued and are carryed into Italie in earthen

vessells fitt for meate,

but

they are taken

to-

gether with their pickle. But they haue a warming concocting power, mollifying of the belly gently, & good for ye stomach. And it is effectuall against those thinges that darken the Pupillae. It is also mixed with Antidots, & in generall in a manner it doth resemble pepper in its strength.

191.. UDROPEPERI.

Polygonum Hydropiper

Water-pepper Hydropiper growes chiefly by standing waters, or such as flow gently. It sends out a stalke that is knottie, strong, about which are the Concauitates

alarum,

and

leaues

like vnto

minte,

but

greater, and delicater, and’ whiter, sharpe in tast like Pepper but not hauing any sweet smell. It hath a fruit growing vpon the little branches growing neere the leaues, hanging close together, & like clusters of grapes, & that also is sharp. The leaues beeing applyed with the seeds haue power to dissolue Oedemata and old hardnesses, and to take away the sugillata. But being dryed & beaten they are mixed with salt, & sawces instead of Pepper. But it hath a little roote that is for noe vse.

192.

PTARMIKE.

Beranthemum annuum

Sneezewort Ptarmica

is a little shrub, hauing small branches,

many,

round,

like vnto Sothernwood, about which are many leaues sommewhatlong, like to those of the Olive tree ; on the top a little head, as of Anthemis, small, round, sharpe according to the smell, provoking of sneesing,

from

whence

also it is named.

The

leaues

being

smeared on with the flowers are of force to take away the sugillata sub oculis. But the flowers moue sneesings most effectually. It growes in mountainous & rocky places.

SHARP

HERBS

201

193. STROUTHION

193.

STROUTHION.

Saponaria officinalis

Soapwort Struthium [of somme it is called Cerdon, of others Catharsis, of others Struthiocamelus, of somme Chamaerrhytos, the Magi call it

Chalyriton, the Latins Radix or Herba Lanaria, the Aegyptians Oeno, the Africans call it Syris} is commonly knowne, which Fullers use for making cleane their wool. The root of which is sharp

&

vreticall.

It

helps

those

which

are

Liver-sick,

and

coughes, & ye Orthopnoeae, the quantitie of a spoonefull thereof being taken with hony, and it doth subducere alvum. And being taken with Panaces and the roote of Capparis, it breakes the stones, & makes

them

to be voyded

by vrine, and

it melts

the

spleen hardned into a Schirrhus, & being subditum, it draws downe menstrua & doth effectually kill the Embrya. Being smeared on with Polenta and Acetum, it takes away the leprosic. & It doth dissolue the Panos, being sod with barly meale & wine. It is mixed also with Collyries made for sharpening the sight, and with mollifying medicines. And it moves sneesing. And being beaten small, & put up into ye nosthrills with Hony it purgeth through ye mouth.

202

DIOSCORIDES,

194.

BK.

II

\

L) 194.

KUKLAMINOS.

Cyclamen graecum

Greek Cyclamen Cyclaminus {[somme call it Cissanthemon, others call it Cissophy]lon, somme Chelonion, others Ichthyotheron, somme call it Chuline, somme call it Zoroastris, or Trimphalites, Osthenes calls it

Aspho, the Magi Miaspho, the Aegyptians Theske, the Romans Rapum terrae, (aut Umbilicus terrae, aut Orbicularis) and somme call it Arcar] hath leaues like vnto Ivie, of a purple colour, diuers,

SHARP with whitish

spots beneath

HERBS

203

and aboue, a stalke of four fingers

high, bare & naked, on which are flowers like Roses, enclining to a purple colour, the roote black, much

like the Rape roote, and

sommewhat broader. Which being dranck with Hydromel, doth drive the flegme & water downeward, and doth moue the Menstrua, being either pota or subdita. They say that if a woman great with childe doe goe over ye roote, that shee doth make abortion, and being tyed about her it doth hasten the birth. It is dranck with wine against deadly poysons, and especially against the Sea-Hare. And being applyed, it is a remedie against ye bitings of serpents and being mixed with wine it causeth drunckennesse.

It doth also drive away the yellow Jaundice being dranck the quantitie of three drammes

with Passum

or diluted melicrate.

But hee who drinckes it, must lye downe vpon his bed in a warme howse, not open to the winde, and be covered with many cloaths that hee may sweate (the more easily). But the sweat that commes out, is found of a Gaully colour.

The iuice of it is put into

the Nosthrills with Hony for to purge the head. And it is put vp in wool into ye seate, for to bring downe the excrements of the belly. And the same being anointed on ye Navill, & ye lower part of the belly & ye hipp, doth mollify the belly, and doth work abortions. And the iuyce anointed on with Hony is good for ye Oculi suffusi and hebetiores. It is mixed also with medicines that cause abortion. The iuice being anointed on with Acetum doth restore the seate againe, when it is fallen downe.

The roote being beaten is iuiced,

& squeesed out, the ‘juice being sod to the consistence

of Hony.

The roote also doth cleanse ye skinne, & stayes the breaking out of pustles,

& cures

wounds

with

vinegar

either

of itself, or with

hony. Being applyed it doth mollify the spleene (and abates it). It doth also take away the sunne-burning & ye Alopeciae. And the decoction thereof being fomented on is fitting for luxations, & the goute, and for little vlcers in the head, & for ye perniones. And it being sod in old oyle, it brings wounds to a cicatrix, the oyle being smeared on. The roote also being made hollow, is filled with oyle, & set ouer warme ashes, & sommetymes there is added vnto it a little of Tyrrhenian wax, that it may be glewy, an excellent oyntment for such as are troubled with the Perniones. The roote of it also is layd vp in store, beeing cut in pieces as that of ye Squill. It is sayd also that it is taken amongst love-procuring medicines being beaten, & soe made into Trochiscks. But it growes in shadie places, & especially vnder trees.

204

DIOSCORIDES,

195.

195.

KUKLAMINOS

BK. II

ETERA

KUKLAMINOS ETERA.

Cyclamen hederifolium

Cyclamen The other Cyclamen, which somme call Cissanthemon or Cissophyllon, hath leaves like vnto Ivie but lesser, thick stalkes, knottie,

rolling about ye trees that grow next to them, like the tendrells of vines. The flowers are white and odoriferous, but the fruit as the Acini uvae,

like vnto

ivie, soft, single, sharpe in the tast, and

viscous. The roote is vnprofitable. It growes in rough places. The fruit of this being dranck as much as ye quantitie of one dragme with twoe Cyathi of white wine for fourtie daies doth melt ye spleene, & is a bringer downe of the belly by vrine. It is also dranck for the Orthopnoea. And being dranck it doth purge away the rellicks after childe-bearing.

SHARP

HERBS

196.

196.

DRAKONTION

MEGA.

205

DRAKONTION

MEGA

Arum dracunculus

Edderwort |Dracontium maius, somme call it Aron, somme Isaron, somme Iaron, somme Hieracicus, somme Biaron, somme Aron agreste,

somme Cyperis, the Romanes call it Colubrina, others Mauriaria, others call it Sigingialios. It growes in shadie places about hedges.

206

DIOSCORIDES,

BK.

II

It hath a smooth stalke, vpright, of the height as it were of twoe cubits, & about the thicknesse of a staffe, diuers coloured according

to ye tyme, soe that it doth resemble a Dragon, and it doth abound in purple spotts. It hath leaues of the fashion of Lapathum folded one within another. It bringes forth a fruit on the top of ye stalke in clusters, at first of an ashie colour, but when it is ripe

enclining to a saffron, and purple, colour. roote,

round,

white,

hauing

a thinne

It hath a very great

barck.

It is gathered

&

iuiced when it is thoroughly ripe & dryed in the shade. But ye roote is digged vp in the harvest, and being washed is cut in small pieces, & thrust through with a thong, but is dryed in ye shade. It is of a warming facultie being dranck with diluted wine. Being either sod or roasted, it is good being taken as a Lohoc with hony, for the Orthopnoici, for ruptures, convulsions, coughs, distillation.

But being dranck with wine, it stirrs vp the vehement desires to coniunction. But being beaten small with hony, and applyed, it takes away the malignancie of vicers, & eating vicers, & especially with the white vine.!- And Collyries also are formed of it with Hony for Fistulas, & for ye drawing out of the Embrya. It is good also for ye vitiligines, being smeared on with Hony. It doth also take away the Polypi & the Carcinomata. The iuice also of it is good for eye medicines,’ for ye nubeculae, the albugines, & ye Caligo. But the smell of ye roote, or of the herbe, is destructiue of late conceptions, as also thirtie graines of the seed being dranck with Posca (are of ye like effect.) But somme haue poured in ye iuice of this -with oyle into the eares of such as haue been pained in them

& haue layd on the leaues, as binding, on new

wounds

&

haue applyed them, being sod in wine, to such as haue ye Perniones. And they say, that such as rub the leaues in their hands, or beare ye roote digged vp about them, shall not be bitten of a viper.| 196. DRAKONTION MIKRON. Arum maculatum Dracontium, or Dracunculus, hath leaues iike Iuie, great, hauing white spots, but an vpright stalke of twoe cubits high, diuers coloured, after the fashion of a serpent, spotted with purple spots,

of the thicknesse of a stalke. The fruit on the top of it, like clusters of grapes, in ye colour at first indeed like grasse, but when it is ripe like saffron, biting the tast.

The roote in a manner

round,

bulbosa, like vnto Aron hauing a thinne barck. It growes in shadie places about hedges and moundes. But the iuice of the 1 Bryonia.

See Book iv, No. 184.

SHARP

HERBS

196.

207

DRAKONTION

MIKRON

seed being prest out, & put with oyle into the eare, doth cease the

paine of the eares. But being put with wool into the nosthrills, (it is of force) to destroy the Polypus. Being anointed on also to stop the Carcinomata. But as much as thirtie graines thereof being dranck with Posca cause abortion. And they say that the smell thereof, after ye withering of the flowers, is destructiue of Embrya newly conceaued. But the roote being of a warming

208

DIOSCORIDES,

BK. II

qualitie, doth help the Orthopnoeae, the rupturae, convulsions, coughs, ye distillation. And it makes the moisture sticking in the thorax to be easily expectorated, (if it be giuen) either sod, or roasted with hony, or else eaten of itself.

But being drye, & small

beaten it is taken as a lohoc with Hony. It is vreticall also, and stirrs vp affections to coniunction being dranck with wine. And it doth cleanse malignant vlcers, and phagedoenica, & brings them

to a cicatrix, being beaten small with white Brionie with Hony. And Collyria are made thereof for Fistulas & for the bringing out of ye Embrya. And they say that if any one doe rubbe his hands with ye roote, he remaines vnbiteable of the viper. It doth also cleanse away ye vitiligines being anointed on with Acetum. But the leaues being beaten small are profitable being layd on ye newly wounded

instead of Linnet, & for the Perniones, being sod

in wine, & applyed. And cheese also wrapped in the leaues, is kept from putrifaction. And the iuice of the roote, is good for ye nubeculae and the Albugines, & ye Caligines oculorum.

The roote

is ordered for vse in health, being eaten either sod or raw. But they which dwell in the Gymnesian Isles called Baleares, mixing the sodden roote with much Hony, doe set it in their banquetts instead of Placentae. But ye roote must be set vp by them who digged it in the harvest, hauing washt it, & cut it in small pieces, & made a thread-goe through them, and dryed them in

the shade. 197.

ARON.

Arum dioscoridis

Cuckoo-pint Aron, which is called Lupha amongst ye Syrians [somme call it Alimon, somme Thymon,somme Dracontium, which the Cyprians also call Colocassion] doth send out leaues like to those of Dracontium, yet lesser, & lesse spotted,

a stalke

of a span

long, of a

faint purple, & of the forme of a Pestle, wherein is a fruit enclining to a saffron colour. The roote is white neere vnto that of Dracontium, which is also eaten when it is sod, being sommewhat lesse sharpe. The leaues are preserued in salt for to be eaten, & when they haue been dryed, they are sodden, and soe eaten alone of themselues.

But the roote, and the seed, and the leaues haue the

same force as Dracontium.

Particularly, the roote being applyed

with bullocks dunge vnto such as are troubled with the gowte, it

doth doe them good.

The roote is to be layd vp after the same

manner as that of Dracunculum.

it is not ouersharpe.

And in brief, it is edible because

SHARP

HERBS

209

198. ARISARON. Arum arisarum Arisarum is a little small herbe, hauing a roote of the bignesse of an oliue, but it is sharper then Aron, whence, being anointed on,

it staies the Nomas. And Collyries are made of it effectuall for Fistulas, but being either put in, or applyed therevnto, it doth destroy the Genitall of any liuing creature.

199.

ASPHODELOS.

Asphodelus ramosus

Asphodel Asphodelus (somme call it Anthericum, ye Romans call it Albucium] is a plant knowne vnto most, hauing leaues like vnto the great Leek, but a smooth stalke, hauing on the top a flower called Anthericon,

the roots are vnder, sommewhat

long, round,

like Suppositories, sharpe to ye tast, and for their facultie warming. These being dranck doe moue the Vrine, and the Menstrua ; they doe also cure the paines of the syde, and coughes, & convulsions, &

ruptures, being dranck the quantity of a dragme in wine.

It

causeth easy vomiting, as much as a knuckle bone being eaten in meate, & it is profitably giuen to such as are bitten of serpents as much as ye quantity of three dragms, and you must lay to the bitings ye Cataplasme made of the leaues & ye roote and ye flowers with wine.

It doth also cure filthy, & feeding vlcers, & the

inflammations of ye duggs & of the stones, & the Tubercula, & ye Furunculi,

the lees of wine

being sod together with

the roote,

but for new inflammations, (it is to be applyed) with Polenta. But the iuice of the roote, taking therewith of old sweet wine & myrrh and saffron, sod together, is an (excellent) medicine to be anointed on the eyes. And either of itself, or warmed together with Franckincense, & hony, and wine, and myrrthe, it is good to be

put into purulent eares. And the iuice of itself being poured into the contrary eare doth assuage the toothach. But the roote being burnt,

and

the ashes

anointed

on, doth

thicken

ye Alopeciae,

(or fill it with haire). But Oyle that is sod in the hollowed roots ouer the fire doth help exulcerated Perniones and ambusta, being anointed on, and it doth help the paine of the eare, being poured

into the eare. And the roote smeared on doth take away ye Vitiligo alba being first rubbed with a napkin in the Sunne. But the seed, and the flowers being dranck in wine are an extraordinary remedie against ye stroakes of the Scolopendrae, and of Scorpions.

But they doe mightily purge the belly. [It beares flowers in the tyme of Harvest. But the white Asphodelus, must be cut downe about the vernall Aequinoctiall before the seed encrease. They P

210

DIOSCORIDES,

BK.

199.

II

ASPHODELOS

say that ye roote being dranck, makes men to haue noe appetite to Venery. And Crateuas the Herbalist sayth ye same, and that the roote being dranck with wine one dragme, doth cure the paines of the gowte].

SHARP

200.

HERBS

BOLBOS EDODIMOS.

211

Hyacinthus comosus

The edible Bulbus, & that which wee eate, is knowne to all, being

good for the stomach & ye belly, red, & brought from Africa, but that which is bitter & like ye squill, is better for ye stomach, & helps concoction, but they are all sharpe, and warming, & prouoking to coniunction, exasperating the tongue & the Tonsillas, being of much nourishment & replenishing with flesh, but they breed winde. Being anointed on they are good for luxations, bruises, splinters, & for the griefs of the jointes, & for gangraenes & gowtes, being applyed either with Hony, or of themselues. As also for the Oedemata of the Hydropicall, and for ye bitings of doggs, being applyed likewise with hony & pepper beaten small. They doe also represse swetts, and mitigate the paines of the stomachs. With nitre roasted they doe cleanse away the Furfures & the running sores of ye head. And they doe also cleanse the sugillata sub oculis being applyed either alone, or with ye yolke of an egge, & ye Varos, as also the Lentigines with hony, or Acetum.

And

with Polenta they are good for ye fractiones aurium, & for ye contusiones vnguium. And they take away the Piles also, being roasted in hott embers, & with ye burnt heads of ye fishes called Maenae, & soe applyed. But being burnt, & mixt with Alcyonium, & anointed on in the sunne, they take away sunne-burnings & black skarrs. Being sod, with vinegar eaten they are good for ruptures. But heed must be taken of feeding too much on them, because they are offensiue to the sinewie parts. [But being sod with Polenta, & applyed with swines grease, it doth quickly bring the oedemata & tubercula to suppuration, & breakes them. |]

201.

BOLBOS EMETIKOS. Ornithogalum stachyoides Bulbus vomitorium

Bulbus called vomitorius, hath Icaues more flexible, like a bridle,

& farre greater than ye edible, a roote like the Bulbus, about which is a black barck, which roote being eaten of itself, as also ye decoction thereof being dranck, doth cure the griefs about ye bladder, & provokes vomiting .

212

DIOSCORIDES,

BK. II

SKILLA 222.

VPA

OQ

y

YO

BoD

QY

0)

bys

RZ HV

SEC)

O

64

Y

©)

Boxsos 200,

SHARP

202.

SKILLA.

HERBS

213

Scilla maritima.

Scilla hath a sharpe & burning facultie, but being roasted, it is made vsefull for many purposes. But it is wrapt about with dough or clay, & put into an ouen, or hidd vnder hott coales, till the dough that doth enfold it, be sufficiently baked, which being off, if ye squill within it be not tender, we shall take ye like course

with it againe, putting other dough or clay about it, for that which is not

thus

roasted,

is hurtfull

to be giuen, especially

if it be

(taken inwardly) carryed to ye bowells. It is likewise baked in an earthen vessell close stopped, & put into an ouen, & of that the very middlemost is taken, that round about the outsyde of it being taken away. And being cut in pieces it is sod, the first water being cast away, & an other water powred vpon it, till ye water becomme neither bitter, nor sharpe. And being cut in pieces, it is dryed in the shade, the pieces being thrust through with a little linnen thread, soe that ye parcells may not touch one another. And those pieces wee vse for making of oyle, and wine, & vinegar of Squills. But for ye chaps which are in the feet, the inward part of the raw squill is applyed, being sod in oyle, or else dissolued with Rosin. Being sod with Acetum, it is a Cataplasme for such as are bitten of vipers. But mixing cight parts of roasted salt, beaten small to one part of roasted squill, wee giue

one spoonfull or twoe hereof to ye fasting for the softning of the belly ; & being put into potions & aromaticall medicines, it is good for such in whom wee would moue the vrine, & for the Hydropicall, & for ye stomachicall in whome theire meate swimms aboue, and for ye Icterus, the Torminosi, for such as haue been

troubled with ye cough a long tyme, for the Asthmaticall, and such as cast vp (bloud). The quantitie of three Oboli, taken as a Lohoc with Hony, is sufficient.

It is sod also together with Hony, & is

eaten for the same purposes, very much cooperating with concoction. It driues out also the slymie stuft that sticks in the belly. But being sod, & taken after ye like manner, it doth doe the like, yet the giuing thereof must be forborne to such in whom there is any inward exulceration. And ye roasted squill being anointed on, is good for hanging

warts,

& the Perniones.

But

the seed

{of it being beaten small, and taken in a drie figge, or Hony, & soe eaten] doth mollify the belly. It is also an Alexipharmacon, being hanged vp whole before the doores.

214

DIOSCORIDES,

BK.

203.

II

PANKRATION

Oe)

203.

PANKRATION.

Scilla Pancratium

or

Pancratium maritimum Pancratium, which somme also call (the little) Squill, is in ye roote like vnto a great Bulbus, of a pale red or pale purple, of a bitter, and burning tast, the leaues like the lillies, but longer. It hath the like force & preparation as the squill hath, and the same dose

(is to be taken thereof), being good for ye same griefs, but this is of a milder nature than the Squill. Whence also the roote of it being

iuiced,

&

mixed

with

flour

of

Ervum,

Pastillos, is profitably giuen with Hydromel & Hydropicall.

&

formed

into

to ye Spleneticall

SHARP

HERBS

215

204.

KAPPARIS

{p 204.

KAPPARIS.

Capparis spinosa

Caper Capparis {somme call it Cynosbatos (as we would say, Dogges bush), some call it Capria, some call it the Apple of a Crow (pAov Kopaxos), some Ophioscorodon, some Ophiostaphylen! (7.e. Serpents grape), some Thallian, some Petraea, some Holophyton, some Ioniten, some Oligocloron, some call it Aconitum, some Hippomanes, some Trichomanes. The Magi call it Potera, some Peuteron, some call it the heart of an Wolf, some Haloscorodon, some the ' Alternatively Phyllostaphylon.

216

DIOSCORIDES,

Lilly, some Thlaspi.

BK. II

The Romans call it Sinapi Persicum, some

Inturis, the Africans Herbiaeathum]

is a prickly shrub, spred in

a round compasse on ye ground, hauing prickles as ye Bush crooked like an hooke, the leaues round like those of the Malicottoon tree, a

fruit like as of the Oliue which opening doth first send forth a white flower, which falling off, there is found somme thing of ye fashion of a long suppositorie, which being opened hath little red graines, like those of the Pommegranat. It hath rootes, woodie, & great, & many, It doth grow alltogether in rough and barren places, & in Islandes, and in courts belonging to howses. Both stalke & fruit of it are preserued in salt to be eaten. But it doth disturbe the belly, and is naught for ye stomach, & causeth thirst, but being eaten sod, it is better for the stomach

than

the raw.

The fruit

thereof doth abate the spleen, the weight of twoe dragms of it being dranck with wine for fortie daies ; it doth also exspell vrine & the

bloudy excrement. The same being dranck doth help the Sciatica, and the Palsie, and is good for ruptures and convulsions. It doth also driue out the Menstrua, & drawes away the Pituita from the head,

& it doth assuage ye paine of the teeth, being sod in Acetum, and the mouth

washed therewith.

But the drie rinde of the roote, is

good for the thinges before spoken, and doth also cleanse away euerie old and filthie and hard vicer. It is also layed with Barly meale vpon such as are troubled with the spleen, & ye roote being bitten doth help a pained tooth, & being beaten small with vinegar it takes away the vitiligines albas. But ye leaues and the roote being beaten together doe dissolue hardnesses and strumas, and the iuice being poured in doth kill ye wormes in the eares. But ye Affrick Caper, especially that which growes with ye people called Marmaridae, doth mightily cause inflations ; that in Apulia, provokes to vomiting, but that from the Red Sea, and Arabia, is

extreame sharpe, raysing pustles in the mouth, & eating vp ye gummes to the bare bone, wherefore it is vnprofitable to be eaten.

205. Lepidium,

which

LEPIDION. somme

Lepidium latifolium

call Gingidium,

knowne, preserued in Brine with milke. leaues

is sharpe,

exulcerating,

wherefore

is a little

. herb

well

But the facultie of the it is a most

singular

plaister for the Sciatica, being beaten small with ye roote of Elycampane, & layed on for a quarter of an hower, & it is good also after ye same manner for ye splenicall & it doth take away Leprosies. But ye roote is thought to take way the paines of ye teeth, it being hanged about ye neck.

SHARP

HERBS

217

206.

BATRAKION

SELINON

206.

BATRACHION.

AGRION

Ranunculus acris

Buttercup BATRACHION ETERON. Ranunculus lanuginosus BATRACHION TRITON. Ranunculus muricatus BATRACHION TETARTON. Ranunculus aquatilis Ranunculus, which somme call Apium! agreste, of this there are many kindes, but ye facultie is one, sharpe, & too much exulcera-

ting. And one of them hath leaues like those of Coriander, yet broader, & sommewhat white, & fatt. The flower of an yellowish colour, & sommetymes of a purple; the stalk not thick, but the height, as it were of a Cubitt. It hath a little roote, bitter, hauing

little fibrous stringes growing out, as that of Hellebore. It growes neere riuers or running waters. But the other kinde? is more Selinon agrion

2 Selinon agrion eteron

218

DIOSCORIDES,

BK.

II

206.

SELINON

AGRION

ETERON

lanuginous & longer stalked, hauing more in-cuttings of the leaues, growing much in Sardinia, extreme sharp, which they also call Apium agreste. savour,

And there is a third, very small, of an hard

the flower like vnto Gold, & a fowrth like vnto this, the

flower of the colour of milke.

The leaues and the tender stalkes,

being anointed on, haue an exulcerating & incrusting power with paine. Whence they take away scabrous nayles, & Psoras, & deface marcks, as also they take away ye formicationes and the hanging warts, & ye Alopecias, being layed on but for a little tyme. But being sod, the decoction thereof luke warme, is a fomentation for those troubled with ye Perniones. And the roote being dryed & beaten small, & put toye nosthrills, causeth sneezing. Being hanged to them, it easeth the paine of ys *eth, but it breaks

them.

SHARP

HERBS

220

DIOSCORIDES,

207.

ANEMONE.

BK.

II

Anemone coronaria

Anemone Anemone somme

[somme

call it wilde, somme

call it Anemion,

somme

black,

Meconium,

somme

somme

purple,

Tragoceros,

somme Ges parine, somme Barbyle. Osthanes Berylius, in like sort Ornios Ceranics, Pythagoras calls it Atractylis, the Magi Cnicus agrestis, the Romas Orci tunica, ye Africans Chuffis] is twofold, one wilde, the other sative; & of ye sative somme

beare flowers of a Phoenician colour, others of a pale, or milky, or purple colour. The leaues like to Coriander, but lesse iagged next ye ground. The little stalkes downie, thinne, vpon the which are flowers as of Poppie, & ye heads between, black or azure, the roote according to the bignesse of ye Oliue, or greater. But the wilde is alltogether greater then the Sative, & broader & harder in ye leaues, & it hath a longer head. The flower of a Phoenician colour, the little rootes small,

& many, & there is one kinde which

hath black leaues beeing ye sharper. But they haue both of them a sharpe facultie, wherefore the iuice of ye roote, being poured into the nosthrills doth avayle for ye purging of the head. But the roote being chewed, drawes out ye pituita. And being sod in Passum, & soe applyed, it cures the inflammations of the eyes, & it doth amend their cicatrices, & their hebetudines, & it doth

cleanse the filthinesse of vicers. The leaues & ye stalkes sod together with ptissana, & eaten, doth draw out milke. In a Pessum it prouokes the menstrua. Being anointed on it takes away the Leprosies. But somme being not able to distinguish that which is called Argemone, & ye Papaver rhoeas, of which wee will speake when wee comme to discourse of Poppies, from the wilde Anenome,

because of the likenesse of the colour of the flowers being of a Phaenician dye, they are deceaued calling Argemone Eupatorium. Yet the Phoenician colour of ye Argemone is sommewhat lesse deep, as also of the Rhoeas, and both it & Argemone doe flower later. And the Argemone doth yield a iuice of a Saffron colour, & extreme sharpe to the tast, but ye Rhoeas a whiter iuice, & sharpe. But both of them haue little heads between, like the wilde Poppie,

but that of Argemone is sommewhat broader at the toppe, & that of Rhoeas sommewhat narrower. But the Anemones doe neither giue out any iuice, neither haue they an head or cup, but as it were the top of Asparagus, & they grow for ye most part in fields.

SHARP

HERBS

221

ARGEMONE

V

208. ARGEMONE. Thalictrum flavum Argemone [somme call it Oenone, somme Anthemis, somme Homonoia, as we should say Concord, somme Flos campestris, the Romans call it Liburnia or Concordialis, somme call it Pergalia,

the French call it Corna] is wholly like vnto wilde Poppie, but it hath a leafe diuided like to Anemone, a flower on ye stalk of the Phoenician

sommewhat

colour, but an head like to Papauer

Rhoeas, but

longer, & broade towards ye vpper parts, a round

roote, but it yields a iuice of a saffron colour, sharpe.

The leaues

being applyed as a cataplasme, doe take away the Argema & the Nubeculas, & doe assuage inflammations ; [Crateuas the Herballist

sayth to ye same purpose, that this Herbe Argemone, being beaten together with swines grease doth dissolue the Strumae. It is good also for ye Vitiligines, it being drie & beaten with nitre, & brimstone that hath not felt ye fire, and sifted, but it doth cure those which vse it in a Bath, being drie rubbed first. It is also

effectuall against the Scab.

222

DIOSCORIDES,

BK.

.

II

ARGEMONE

‘Brepa

e/

208.

ARGEMONE.

(Altera Argemone. The

other

somme

Argemone

Sarcocolla,

Agrimonia Eupatorium

‘Evepa Apyepwr7. | somme

call

the Romanes

Artemone,

somme

call it Artemonia,

Arsclam,

& it ts like

to wilde Poppie in the leaues. But it being beaten small when it is green, and soe applyed, hath power to cure cuts, and to assuage the inflammations of the eyes. It is good also for the Dysentericall, being dranck with water. It is also conglutinative of wounds, & good to be layd to inflammations. In like sort being applyed, it is curatiue of convulsiones & vellications. It is good also for such as are bitten of poysonous beasts being dranck with wine.

SHARP

HERBS

223

0 &

1G)

WsWav,

Me a A}

b

\KK

L

209.

ANAGALLIS.

Anagallis arvensis

Shepherd’s Weather-glass KorkKoros.

Anagallis coerulea

Blue Pimpernel Of

Anagallis

[somme

call

it Punicea,

somme

Acritis,

somme

Aigitis, somme Sauritis, the Magi call it Oculi Sanguis, others Chelidonion, the Romans Macia, the Hetruscans Masitipos, the French Sapana, the Dacians Cerceraphron. But ye common Anagallis,

somme

call

Corchoros,

somme

Halicacabus,

somme

Zeliauros, the Magi Nycteritis, ye Aegyptians call it Micij, the Romans Meciato, the Aphricans Asirrhizi|] there are twoe kindes, differing in the flower, for that which hath an azure flower is called the femall, but that of a Phoenician colour, is called the Male.

224

DIOSCORIDES,

BK.

II

They are little shrubs spreading vpon the ground, hauing small leaues

vpon

their four-cornered

little

stalks,

somewhat

round,

comming neer to those of Helxine, & a round fruit. They both are of a mitigating power, & driuing away of inflammations, and extracting of splinters or thornes (that were run into ye body), and of repressing the Nomas. But the iuice of them being gargarized doth purge ye head of Pituita, and being powred into the Nosthrills it doth cease the paine of the teeth, if it be put in the contrary nosthrill to the grieued tooth. And with Attick Hony it doth mend the Argema & helpeth the dullnesse of the eyes. It is good also for such as are bitten of vipers, being dranck with wine, as also for ye Nephriticall, and Hepaticall, & (for ye Hydropicall), but somme say, that if that which hath the azure flower be applyed it doth stop the procidentia sedis, and that which hath the Phoenician flower doth prouoke it.

210.

SHARP

SIERBS

225

Kissos.

Hedera Helix

Ivy Hedera

[somme call it Cittaros, somme

socarpos, somme

Poetica, somme

we would say, Hederula), somme

Cissaros, somme

Corymbias, somme

Chry-

Cussion, (as

call it Dionysia, (quasi Bac-

chicei), somme Ithutherion, somme Fersis, somme Ceinos, somme Asplenos, the Romans Siluae mater, somme Hedera, the French Subites] hath many differences, according to the sort, but, of the chiefest kindes, three, for somme is white, somme black, & this

Helix. The white therefore beares a white fruite, the black a black one, or anewst a saffron colour, which the vulgar sort also call Dionysium, but the Helix is both without fruit & hath white branches & thinne leaues, is full of corners, and red.

But all Iuie is

sharpe & binding, and touching of the sinewie part. But the flowers thereoi being taken as much as one can take vp of them with three fingers, & dranke in wine, are good for ye dysentericall, but it must be dranck twise a day. The same being beaten small, with Ceratum are good for Ambusta. The tender leaues being sod with Acetum, or the raw ones beaten together with bread heale the spleen. But the iuice of the leaues & of the berries. with Irinum or hony or nitre, is powred into the nosthriils & soe is good for the old griefs of ye head. And ye head is moystened therewith with Acetum and Rosaceum: & with oyle it doth cure grieued & purulent eares. But the iuice, ana the clusters being dranck doe cause Sterilitie, & being taken in too great a quantitie doe trouble the minde. But fiue Acini of the Corymbi being small beaten, & warmed with Rosaceum in a pommegranat coate, & dropt into ye contrarie eare in ye tooth ache, doe assuage ye paine. Aid the Corymbi doe make ye haire black. But the leaues are layed as a cataplasme to any sort of vicers, & layd on as Cataplasmes doe also cure ambusta maligna, & sun burnings, being sod as is afore sayd. And the Corymbi being small beaten, & giuen as a Pessum doe moue the menstrua, & being dranck ye weight of a dragme 2fter womens cleansing, it hinders conception. And the Pediculus foliorum, being moystened with hony, & put into ye vulua, doth expell the menstrua, & the embrya. Ana the iuice being dropt in, doth purge away the stincking smell in ye nosthiills, and their rotten

vicers.

But

the lachryma

of Iuie doth

take oft haire,

& being anointed on doth kill lice. And ye iuice of the rootes being dranck with acetum doth helpe such as are bitten of ye Phalangium.

Nowge)

otN_

A

OK)o

On 5

Ose. ese aN!

SO

CRO

SHARP

211.

HERBS

227

CHELIDONION. Chelidonium maius Greater Celandine.

Chelidonia the greater [somme call it Paeonia, somme Crataea, somme Aoubios, somme Glaucios, somme

Philomedion, somme

Pandionis radix, somme

Othonion, ye Romanes Fabium, ye French

Thona, the Aegyptians

Mothoth,

the Dacians Crustane]

doth

send out a stalke of the height of a cubit or more, slender, hauing branches full of leaues. The leaues are like those of Ranunculum, yet they of Chelidonia are tenderer, & sommewhat of a cerulean colour, and by euerie leafe a flower, as ye Leucoion. But the iuice is of a saffron colour, sharpe, biting, a little bitter, & of a strong smell. The roote at ye vpper end is but one, but at ye lower syde manie, of a saffron colour. The fruit as of horned Poppie, slender, long, like a Conus, wherein are little seeds, greater yet than

those of Poppie. The iuice of this being mixed with Hony, and sod in a brasen vessell vpon coales, is good for ye sharpening of the sight. But the leaues, and ye roote, & the fruit, are iuiced at ye beginning of summer, which is dryed in ye shade, and is made into little balls. The roote being dranck with Anisum and white wine doth cure ye Ictericall, & ye Herpetas, being layd on with wine; and it doth assuage ye paine of ye teeth being chewed. It seems to be called Chelidonia because it springs out of the ground together with ye swallowes appearing, & doth wither with them departing. Somme haue related that if any of ye swallows’ young ones be blinde, the dammes bringing this herbe, doe heale ye blindnesse of it.

212.

CHELIDONION MIKRON. Ranunculus Ficaria Lesser Celandine

Chelidonia minor, which somme haue called syluestre Triticum," is

a little herb, full of little feet, without leaues like Iuie, yet much

sommewhat fatt. ing close together them that grow places. It hath a

rounder,

stalke (compast) with

& smaller, and tender, and

It hath many small rootes out of the same, growlike wheat-cornes, but there are three or fowre of out long. It growes about waters & marishie sharpe facultie like vnto Anemone, exulcerating

the outmost part of the skinne.

It takes away both the Psoras, and

scabrous nayles. But ye rootes being iuiced are goodswith hony to be put into the nosthrills for the purging of the head [as likewise the decoction thereof with Hony, being gargarized, doth power-

fully purge ye head, & all thinges out of the Thorax. 1 Puron agrion.

228

DIOSCORIDES,

BK. II

213. OLHONNA Othonna, somme say, is the iuice of ye Cheiidonia maior, somme of Glaucium, somme say that it is the iuice of the flowers of horned Poppie, somme

that it is the mixture of the iuices of Anagallis

coerulea, and of Hyoscyamus, & of Poppie, & somnie say nat it is the iuice of a certaine Troglodyticall herbe, which is called Othonna, & that it doth grow in that part of Arabia that lyes towards Egypt. It hath leaues like to Eruca, full of ‘oles, as though they were worm-eaten, ill-fauoured or mouldie, & but few leaues. It beares a saffron-coloured flower, broad leaued, wherevpon

somme did thinke it to be a kinde of Anemone. It is iuiced to be put into eye medicines when there is need of cleansing ; it is of a biting nature, & doing away all thinges whatsoever that darken the Pupillae. And somme say that there is a certaine kinde of humor that doth fiow trom the herbe, which washing, & severing

the stones from it, they make into Trochisrks for ye same vse. But somme Say that it is an Acgyptian stone, growing in Thebais, of ye colour of brasse, of a small bignesse, biting the tast, with a certaine

kinde of burning & binding.

214.

Muos oTON.

Lithospermum purpureo-coeruleum

Muris auriculae [Somme call it Myoton, somme Anthyllion,! somme Myortochon, somme Myrtosplenon, the Romans Muris auricula, the Africans Labatholabat] which somme call Myosotis, sends out

many Sstalkes out of one roote, being of sommewhat a reddish colour toward ye lower end, and hollow. The leaues sommevwhat long & narrow, hauing ye back-bone of them standing out, of a blackish colour, by distances, growing vp twoe and twoe, ending in a sharp point. There grow thinner little stalkes out of the winges, whereon are littie flowers of a coerulean colour, small, as those of Anagallis.

The roote is the thicknesse of a finger, hauing many hairie strings. Finaily, the berbe is like to Scoloperdrium, yet smoother & lesser. The route of this being applyed doth heale the i Somme also cal! Alsine Mycsotis.

215. ISATIS EMEROS. Isatis tiactoria Woad Isatis satiua [Some call it Augion, some Egne. the Magi Arusium, ye Romans Ruta] which ye Dyers vse, hath a leafe like to Plantain,

but fatter

& blacker,

& a stalke abcue

twoe

cubits

high. The leaues beiug layed on are of force tu dissolue any Oedeme & tumors, and to conglutinate bloudy wounds, & to stop bleeding,

& to cure Phagedaenas, and ye Herpetas and rotten vlcers. ? Or Alsine.

SHARP HERBS

229

230

DIOSCORIDES,

216.

ISATIS AGRIA.

BK. II

Isatis Lusitanica

Isatis syluestris [somme call it Egne parva, the Romans Ruta minor] being like to ye aboue mentioned, but it hath greater leaues

neere

ye bignesse

of those of lettuce,

but

more

slender

stalkes, hauing many slitts, sommewhat reddish, hauing vpon the toppe many little pods hanging like tongues, in which is the seed, a flower of an yellowish colour, & thinne. It is of the like efficacie, to that spoken of before, & is also good for the spleneticall, being

dranck, and also applyed. [It is to be vnderstood that these descriptions of Isatis containe that which is erroneous, for the Satiue beares both a yellowish flower, & slenderer, & much diuided branches, & little Cods on the toppe, of ye fashion of tongues in which are the seeds, but there is contained in these a black seed

like to Melanthium, & it beares a stalke aboue twoe cubits high, & not only aboue one cubit high. But the wilde sort beares blacker

leaues than this, & a lower & thicker stalke, & a flower of a purple or azure colour, and the fruit in fashion of a crosse, sharpe, in which

are ye seed, seuered or distinguished in a manner by fiue little leaues apiece, & those equall.]

SHARP

HERBS

237.

231

TELEPHION

SoS

217.

TELEPHION.

Cerinthe minor

Telephium {somme call it Sempervivum syluestre, and somme call this Portulaca syluestris, the Romans call it Illecebra, ye Aegyptians Anoth, the Africans Atirtopuris]. This is like to Purcelane both in ye leaues, and ye stalke hauing twoe winges sticking vpon euerie knot of the leaues, from which six or seven small branches from ye roote full of azure-coloured

leaues, both thick,

& tough, & fleshie, the flowers of an yellowish or whitish colour. It growes in the Spring tyme in vineyards & tillowed places. The leaues being layd on for six hours doe cure the alba vitiligo, but after this you must vse barly meale, & being anointed on with vinegar in the sunne, they take away the Vitiligines, but after they are dryed, they must be wiped away. Finis Libri Secundi, Engl. 18 Augustj, 1653 Grae. 18 Januarij, 1655

232

DIOSCORIDES,

BOOK

BK.

III

III

In ye previous books, most loving Areius, we have discoursed of Spices, & of Ointments, & of Oyles, and of Trees & the of Fruits from them, of the Lacrymae,

as also of Living Creatures

& of Frumentacea, & of Potherbs, & of the sharpness-possessing Herbs, but in this being ye third book, we will set upon an account of Roots, and of Juices, & of Herbs, & of Seeds apt both for common

use & for medicament.

ROOTS

1. AGARICON.

Agaricus or Boletus sp.

Agaricum is said to be a root like unto Silphium, not thick on the outside, like as Silphium, but all is thin.

But of it some is male, &

other foemall, of which ye foemall doth excell having straight vaines within, but ye male is round and on all sides growing alike. But in taste both are alike, tasting sweet indeed at first, after by dis-

solving it grows bitter. But it grows in Agaria of the Sarmatian (Country). Some say it to be ye root of a tree, but some, that it grows in the stocks of trees of rottennesse, as the mushrumps. It grows also in Galatia in Asia, and Cilicia upon the Cedars, but brittle and weake. As for ye virtue of it, it is binding, warming, being good both for ye tormina, and crudities, & ruptures, and

falls from on high. Ye quantity of two oboli is given with honeyed wine to ye unfeverish, but to ye feverish in melicrate & to ye Hepaticall,

& Asthmatical, and ictericall & dysentericall, &

nepriticall, & ye dysureticall, & womb stranglings, and sickly looks it is given ye weight of a dragm, but to ye phthysicall with Passum, and to ye Spleneticall with Oxymel, & to ye stomachicall as it is, being chewed

and swallowed

down, no moisture

being

poured upon it. In like sort also it is given acidum eructantibus. It stops also ye rejectiones sanguinis, ye weight of 3 oboli being taken with water. It is good also for ye griefs of ye hipps, & of ye joints, & of ye Epilepsy, an even quantity being taken with oxymel. It provokes also ye menstrua ; & to women suffocated in ye womb, a like weight is profitably given. It dissolves also the shivering being given before ye ague fit. It purgeth also the belly, a dragm or 2 being drank with melicrate. It is also an Antidot of poysons being taken with ye weight of one dragm of diluted wine, & it doth help for ye stroakes, & bitings of serpents being drank to

ye quantity of 3 oboli with wine ; & finally it is good for all inward griefs, being given according to strength & age, to some with water, to others with wine, to others with Oxymel or Melicrate.

ROOTS

2.

RA.

Rheum

233

Rhaponticum

Rhubarb Rha

[some call it Ria, the Romans

Rha

Ponticum],

but some

call it Reon, grows in the places beyond Bosphorus from whence also it is brought. Ye root is outwardly black like unto Centaurie the greater, yet lesse and redder within, without

smell, loose, some-

what light, but that of it is ye best which is not worme-eaten & is slamie according to ye taste with a remiss binding, and being chewed (is) of a pale and somewhat like saffron in the colour. It is good being drank for inflations, ye weakness of ye stomach, all manner of grief, convulsions, spleneticall, Hepaticall, Nephriticall, torminaticall, & ye griefs about ye bladder & ye Thorax, & ye extensions of ye hypochondria, & the affections about ye matrix, Sciaticas, Spittings of blood, Asthmas, the Rickets, dysenteries, coeliacall affections, and courses of fevers, & ye bitings of poysnous beasts. But you shall give it like unto Agarick, for every grief the selfsame quantity & liquors, using with honeyed wine indeed to ye unfeverish but to ye feaverish witli melicrate, to ye phthysical

with Passum, to ye Splenetical with oxymel, to ye stomachicall being chewed as it is, and swallowed down no moisture being supt with it. It takes away also blacks & blues, & ye Lichenas being anointed on with Acetum, and it dissipates all inveterate inflamma-

tions being applied with water, but the chiefest force of it is binding with some heating.

234

DIOSCORIDES,

BK.

III

%

WS {Ve

S at

RY

or

les

G 3. GENTIANE

3. GENTIANE.

Gentiana lutea

Gentiana [some call it Centaurea radix, some Aloe Gallica, some Narce, some Chironium, ye Troians Aloitis, ye Romans Gentiana others Cicendia, and Cyminalis] seems indeed at first to be found

by Gentius the king of ye Illyrians of whom also it took its surname ; of which ye leaves indeed at the roote are like ye wallnut or

plantain somewhat reddish, but those on ye middle stalke & especially those about ye top are a little jagged: ye stalk is empty

ROOTS smooth,

ye thicknes

of a finger,

but

235 the

heighth

two

cubits,

divided by joints, compast about with leaves at greater distances, but having a broade fruit in cups, light, chaffy, near to that of Sphondylium ; a long root like to Aristolochia ye longer, thick,

bitter. But it grows in the highest tops of mountains, & in shady & watry places. But ye roote hath a warming, binding faculty, & doth help those bitten by venemous beasts, being drank ye quantity of 2 dragms with pepper, and Rice and wine; but as much as a dragm of ye extracted juice is good for ye griefs of ye sides, & falls from on high, & ruptures, and convulsions ; it doth also

help ye Hepaticall & Stomachicall being drank with water. But ye root being layed to as a Collyrie doth cast out ye Embrya. It is also a wound-herb being layed on as Lycium, & a medicine for undermining ulcers, & especially ye juice, & is an ointment of inflamed eyes. But the juice also is mixed instead of Meconium into ye sharper sort of collyries. The root is also cleansing of the vitiligines. But it is juiced, being bruised, & steeped in water for 5 days, afterward being sodden in the water until the roots appear above; and when ye water is cold, it is strained through a linen

cloth, and is sod until it becomes honey-like in consistence, and it is layed up in an earthen vessell.

4. ARISTOLOCHIA STROGGOLE. Aristolochia pallida Round Aristolochia Aristolochia is so called because it is thought to help passing well women in child-bed. This sort is round and called ye femall, but it hath leaves like ivy, sweet smelling, with sharpness, somewhat round, tender, with many shoots on one root, but the branches are

very long, ye flowers white, like unto little hats, but the red (part) in them is of a bad scent.

5. ARISTOLOCHIA MAKRA.

Aristolochia parvifolia,

A. sempervirens (Singer) The Greater Aristolochia But the long Aristolochia is called ye male and Dactylitis (but some call it Melocarpum, some Teuxinon, ye Romans Herba Aristo-

lochia] having leaves somewhat longer than the round, slender branches, ye bigness as it were of a span, a purple flower of a bad scent, which withering becomes like a pear: ye root indeed of the

round (Aristolochia), is round like a turnip, but ye root of ye long kind hath ye thickness of a finger, being a span high, or more. But both of them are much of a boxen colour, bitter according to taste, and poisonous.

238

DIOSCORIDES,

°6. ARISTOLOCHIA KLEMATITIS.

BK.

III

Aristolochia boetica

But there is also a third long sort, which also is called Clematitis, having slender branches full with leaves somewhat long like unto Sempervivum ye lesser, ye flowers like to rue, ye roots longer, slender, having a thick bark, & of an aromaticall smell, being use-

ful properly to ye unguentarians for the thickening of ointments. The round indeed is good for ye poisons, but the long for that of serpents & deadly poisons, being drank ye quantity of one dragm with wine, and also applied, and being drank with pepper and myrrh it doth cast out all the remaining purgaments, & the menstrua and Embrya, and being applied also in a Pessum, it works ye same; and the round is effectual indeed for ye same things as before spoken of. And moreover also it helps ye Asthma, ye Ricket, ye rigor, ye Spleen, ruptures, convulsions, ye pains of ye side being drank with water: it draws out also Splinters, pricks, it takes off ye scales of ye bones, being applied; & with Iris and honey it doth emarginate the rotten, and cleanse foul ulcers and fills up the hollow. It cleanseth also ye gums, & ye teeth.

It is thought that Clematitis is good for ye same things. Yet it is less in strength than those formerly spoken of. [It is called by some Arariza, & Melecaprum,

& Ephesia, and Lestitis, and Pyxionyx,

& Dardanus, & Iontitis. The French call it Theximon,yeAegyptians Sophoeth, ye Sicilians Chamaemelum, ye Italians terrae malum, ye

Dacians Absinthium rusticum. It grows in mountainous, and warme, & level places or else in rough and rocky places. It is good for a grievous fever, but let him which hath ye fever take in ye smoke over ye coals, & the fever shall cease. It heals wounds being applied, and with ye seed of Dracunculus & honey it helps the Carcinomata, in ye nosthrill, but being sodden with oil, or swines grease & anointed on, it cures ye rigors. And Crateuas the Herbalist, and Gallus have said ye same, & that it is good for ye goutie.]

7. GLUKORIZA.

Liquorice.

Glycyrrhiza glabra

But figure 1s unlike

Glycyrrhiza. (Some call it Pontica, some Glyceraton, some Symphyton, some Leontica, some Glycyphyton, some Scythion, some Adipson,

some

Sylithra, some

Libyestaso, some

Homoenomoea,

some Peenthaomoeos, ye Latins Dulcis radix.] Grows much in Cappadocia, and Pontus. But it is a little shrub having branches two cubits high, about which ye leaves are thick, like Lentiscum,

gross and clammy to him that touch them. but the flower is like to

ER

f)

SQ)

0) Zz NY —— SQ

FK\)

f

AY

IN

WI =\ : (

SG} _

W

Ve

Ay

|

= SEZ

Ky We)

>

AY

=

x

en =

>

iD

, 1,

-

3

.

*

=

IIl

.

ee Xs

:

BK.

>

a

L

ra

PS te

:

‘

a=

Sa) Ty.

SSeS

Ze

Fa La » oA

ZZ

Vy

HERBS

45.

281

THUMBRA

45. THUMBRA. Satureia Thymbra Savory. Figure of Micromeria Juliana (A.J.W.) Thymbra, & this also is knowne, growing in barren and rough places, like to Thyme, but yet less and tenderer, bearing a stalk full of flowers of a greenish colour. It can perform ye things as Thyme, being taken after ye like manner, & it is fitting for ye use in health. There is also a sative Satureia, of less vertue in everything than ye wilde, yet more useful for meat because it does not partake so much of sharpness.

DIOSCORIDES,

282

III

BK. ,

ésy

f

2

ae:

> 3

NY

& a

WF

YS —

SN

fy er

46. ERPULLOS.

S

a!

fy 46.

ERPULLos

Thymus Sibthorpii

Figure probably fictitious ERPULLOS ZOGIS. Thymus striatus (PT. Tygris) Serpyllum [which some call Zygis sylvestris, some Polion, the Egyptians Meruopyos, ye Romans Serpyllum, some Cicererraticum] this indeed is ye garden kinde, Sampsuchum-like in ye smell, & used for making crowns. It is so-called from its creeping, & because if any part of it touch ye earth, there it roots. It has leaves & small branches like Origanum yet whiter, yet led down from unmortared walls it becomes more growthful. The other is wilde which is also called Zygis, not creeping, but upright, sending out thin branches, full of spriggs, environed with leaves like unto Rue, yet they are narrow, & longer, and harder. The flower sharp to the taster, sweet to ye smell, ye roote unuseful. It

grows on rocks, being stronger and hotter than ye garden kind, and more fitting for the medicinal use. For being drank it expells ye menstrua, & moves ye urine. It helps ye Tormina, Ruptures, convulsions, inflammations of ye liver, & for serpents, being both drank, & applied. And being sod with Acetum it assuageth ye paine of ye head, Rosaceum

being mixed

thereto, & it be moistened

therewith, but especially it is good for lethargy & frenzy. But ye juice of it being drank, ye quantity of 4 dragms, with acetum, doth cease ye vomiting of blood.

47.

SAMPSUCHON

47. SAMPSUCHON. Origanum Marjorana Figure not tdentifiable: not Marjoram Sampsuchum [but some call it Trifolium, some Amaracum, some Agathides, some Cnecion, some Acapnon, Pythagoras Thrambes, ye Egyptians Sopho, ye Armenians Myurum, ye Magi ye ass of ye priest, others genitura Isidis, ye Romans Maiorana] ye best is the Cyzicenian, & ye Cyprian, but the Egyptian is ye second

of this. But it is called of Cyzicenians, & of those in Sicily Amaracum. But it is an herb of many branches, creeping upon the earth, having rough & round leaves, like the thin-leaved Calaminth, very odoriferous and heating, and plaited into crowns But ye decoction thereof, being drank is good for such as begin to have ye dropsy, & ye dysureticall, & ye Torminicall. But the dry leaves being smeared on with Honey take away ye sugillata, and in a Pessum drive out ye menstrua, and for ye stroke of a scorpion they are anointed on with salt and Acetum, but for luxations they are layd on, being taken with a Cerat, & likewise for Oedemata being taken with a Cerat, & it is anointed on with

ye flour of Polenta for ye inflammations but it is mixed with Acopicall, & mollifying medcines, for warmths sake.

284

DIOSCORIDES,

°48. MELILOTOS.

BK.

III

Trifolium officinale or T. italicum or Trigonella graeca

Melilot, [also called Zoodotion and Ortamon, the Magi Thermuthin,

the Egyptians Haemith, the Romans Sertula or Trypatium] ye best is ye Attick, and that which growes in Chalcedon,! like saffron, & of a sweet scent. It grows also in Campania about Nola, inclining to yellow, & remisse concerning ye sweet smell. It hath ye power of binding, & of mollifying all inflammation, especially of that about the eyes, the matrix, & ye fundament, and ye stones, being sodden with Passum, and applied. And sometimes ye roasted yoke of an egg being mingled, of ye meal of faenigraec or of hemp seed, or of wheat flour, or of ye heads of poppies, or of Intybus. It doth also cure ye meliceride new come, by itself in water ;& ye Achores being anointed on with Chian earth, & wine, or Galls. And ye paine of ye stomach sodden with wine, or raw with some of ye things beforespoken, & being iuiced raw, & droped in with Passum, it easeth ear pains, & being let fall on gently with acetum & Rosaceum it assuageth ye headache.

‘SS YO

iS

QO Z=-e@ Sx “ S

ES

ae j=

3S Y

o==>

DIOSCORIDES,.

BS

fie f

152.

152. SESAMOEIDES.

.te

SESAMOEIDES

MEGA

Drug from Helleborus cyclophyllus Hellebore

Sesamoides ye great [which some call Sesamites, some Sesamis, or Lupina Scutica, or white Ellebore, some Anticyricon] in Anticyra they call it Ellebore because it is mixed in the purgations with white Ellebore.

The herb is like to Senecio, or to Rue, ye flower

white ye root slender, unprofitable, ye seed like to that of Sesama, bitter in ye taste, which purgeth both Phlegm, & choler upward being taken beaten small, as much as 3 fingers with three semioboli of white Ellebore with Melicrate.

HERBS

AND

ROOTS

Gnx,Gi

153. SESAMOERIDES LEUKON

153. SESAMOEIDES

MIKRON.

Reseda canescens

Sesamoides the small [which some call Coronion, some call Sylvestre Sesamon] ye small stalks are a span long, having leaves like to Coronopis, yet rougher, and smaller. But on ye top of ye little stalks, small heads of somewhat purple little flowers, of which ye middle is white, yellowish, ye root Phlegm downward,

in which is ye seed like to Sesama, bitter, thin. But the seed purgeth choler, and half an Acetabulum being drank, with

Melicrate, & being laid on with water, it dissolveth small swellings & Oedemata. It grows in rough places. NN

546

DIOSCORID ES 7sBikeway,

154.

SIKUS AGRIOS.

Momordica Elaterium

Squirting Cucumber Cucumis agrestis [which some call Elaterium, some Grynon, some Balis, some Syncrisis, some Bubalion, some Scopion, some Imbriferum, some Peucedanon, some Notion, ye Romans Agtetum

some Agrestis, ye Africans Cusimezar] doth differ from ye sative Cucumber in ye fruit, only having them much smaller like unto somewhat long little suppositories, the leaves & ye shootes like ye Sative, but ye root white. It grows in ye rubbish of houses, & sandy places, but ye shrub is bitter. But ye juice of ye leaves being dropt in is good for ye ear-paines, & ye root smeared on with Polenta dissolveth every old Oedema, but being laid on with Resina Terebinthina, it breaks small swellings. But being sodden with Acetum, & smeared on it dissolveth goutes, & it is a glister for

HERBS

AND

ROOTS

547

ye Sciatica, & ye decoction is a collution of ye toothache, but being

beaten small when it is dry, it cleanseth ye Vitiligines, Leprosies, & Impetigines, & purifieth black scars, & spots, those in ye face. Ye juice of ye root, ye quantity of three Semioboli at ye least, & the bark also, as much as ye 4th part of an acetabulum, purgeth Phlegm, and choler, especially in ye hydropicall, but without hurting of ye stomach, it causeth ye purging. But he must, taking a selibra of ye root, beat it small with 2 sextaries of wine, especially of ye Lybian, and give of this 3 Cyathos (every third day) until ye swelling be sufficiently abated.

155. ELATERION. Elaterium Extract from seed of Momordica Elaterium But that which is called Elaterium is made after this manner of ye fruit of ye Cucumbers.

Chusing out Cucumbers, those that give

back together with the being touched, lay them aside, leaving them so a night. Then ye next day after set a sarce not thick over some vessell, & having provided a little knife held up with ye edge upward, taking one by one of ye Cucumbers with both ye hands, cut them, & strain out ye moisture through ye sarce into the little vessel that stands under, straining out also ye purply stuff in them which cleaves to the sarce, that it may also pass through, & put that which is strained into a basin standing by, then laying together ye

cut stuff upon the Sarce, having moistened it with fresh water, & strained it, cast away ye remainder. Then having stirred about ye moisture in ye basin, & covered it with a linnen cloth, set it in ye sun, & when it stands pour away all ye water that swims on top with ye concreted matter. And this do often, as long as there remains any water standing on top which clearing out by drops, putting ye sediment into a mortar, beat it, & make it in Trochiscks. But some, that ye moisture may quickly be dried up, strew sifted ashes on ye ground, & hollowing ye midst, spreading out a linnen cloth 3 double, they pour ye Elaterium with ye moisture

upon it, & being dried, they beat it in a mortar, as is aforesaid. But some instead of fresh water, wash it by pouring on seawater. But some in ye last washing pour on Melicrat. But that seems to be the best Elaterium, which with ye whiteness, is pretty moist, light, smooth, extreme bitter to ye taste, & which being put to a candle is soon kindled.

But that which is leekish, & rugged, and foul to

ye sight, full of Ervum, and ashes, is both heavy & naught. And some also do mix starch with ye juice of ye Cucumber, for to counterfeit it white, and light. But that of 2 years old is good for purging, until it be ten. Ye perfect Dose is an Obolus, & ye

548

DIOSCORIDES,

BK. IV

least a semiobolus, & for children two oereola. For more being drank brings danger. But it moves purging this downward, & upward, expelling Phlegm, and choler. But the purging by it, is best for hard-breathers, if therefore you would purge the belly downward, mixing twice as much of salt, & stibium as much as to colour it, give pills as big as Ervum formed with water, & let him

sup them with one Cyathus of lukewarm water. But for vomiting, diluting (ye Elaterium) in water, anoint with a feather ye places under ye tongue, as far in as may be; but if he be hard to vomit, diluting it either in oil or with unguentum

Irinum, but forbid him

to sleep. But to those which are overpurged you must give with a continuance oiled wine for so ye vomiters are restored. But if ye vomitings do not cease cold water must be given, and Polenta, and Posca, & an apple, & as many things as can thicken ye stomach. And Elaterium also in a Pessum doth move ye menstrua & kill ye Embrya.

And

being poured in with milk unto

ye nostrils, it

cleanseth away ye Icterus and drives away headaches of long continuance & it is an effectual ointment with old oil, or honey, or a bulls gall for ye Synanchicall. But ye root of ye sative Cucumber being beaten small, & drank with Hydromel ye weight of a dragm moveth vomitings, but if any after supper would vomit gently, 2 Oboli are sufficient.

156. STAPHISAGRIA.

Delphinium Staphisagria

Staphis agria [which some call Trifolium, some Stesium, some Astaphis, some Phthiroctonon, some Phthirion, some Apanthropon some Polyides, some Pseudopathes, some Arsenote, ye Egyptians Ibesaoide, ye Romans Herba pedicularis] hath the leaves as of ye wild vine jagged, straight soft, black, little stalks, but it bears

a flower like to Glastum, but ye seed in little cods green, as of Cicer three square, rugged, of a tawny yellow in black. But as for that within white, sharp to ye taster. If any give Io or 15 grains of this having beaten it in melicrate, it purgeth thick stuff by vomitings, but let them walk which have drunk it. But yet they must heed them discreetly when giving melicrat because it bringeth dangers by Suffocation, & by burning ye jawes. And it is good being bruised & anointed on with oil for ye Pthiriases, and itches,

& ye Psoras, but being chewed it brings out much Phlegm, & it doth help ye toothache, being sodden with Acetum & ye mouth washed with it & it represseth rhumatick gums, & with honey it heals ye Aphthas which are in ye mouth, & it is mixed with burning Malagmata.

549

ae SSA

550

DIOSCORIDES,

157. THAPSIA. Thapsia

[which

some

BK. IV

Thapsia garganica (cf. Malabaila) call Hypopion,

some

Pancranon,

some

Scammonion, some Thelyteris, the Romans Ferulago, some Ferula

sylvestris, ye Africans Boide] is so-called, because it is thought first to be found in Thapsus an Island of ye like name. But in ye whole nature of it is like to Ferula, but ye stalk of it is more

slender, and ye leaves like to Fennill, but on ye top at every

HERBS

AND

ROOTS

551

breaking out are tufts like to Dill, on which is a yellowish flower. The seed somewhat broad, like to that of Ferula, yet less. The root within white, great, but without black, thick barked, sharp,

which hath its liquor taken by being digged about & having ye berk cut in. Or ye root itself, being made hollow in itself, like an house roof broad beneath & narrow at last, & being stopped that the liquor may

remain

pure.

Then

the next

day after, they must,

going thither, take away ye liquor that is gathered together. But it is juiced, ye root being beaten, and strained through a wicker Colander, & a Press & dried in ye sun with a thick earthen vessel. And some also bruise with it ye leaves, but such as this, is weak.

But the juice of ye root is discerned by being of a stronger scent, & by remaining moist, but that of ye leaves by being dry, & being worm-eaten. But it behoves him that takes ye liquor not to stand against

ye wind,

but

rather

to doe

it in still weather.

For

it

pufts up ye face mightily, & ye naked parts are blistered by the sharpness of ye exhalation. He ought therefore, first to anoint ye nakedness of ye parts with moist binding Cerats, & so to come to it. But both the bark of ye root, & ye juice & ye liquor have a purging faculty, being drank with Melicrat, for they purge choler upward & downward. But there is given 4 Oboli of ye root with 3 dragms of ye seed of Dill, but of the iuice 3 Oboli, and of ye liquor, an Obolus, for more being given is dangerous. But ye purging by it, is good for Asthmaticall griefs, for long continued pains of ye sides, & for expectorations, but to such as are hard to vomit it is given in meats & sauces. And both ye liquor & ye root of all, especially those

of equal

strength,

do possess

a Metasyncriticall

faculty,

whether we ought to draw out anything from far within, or to alter ye state of ye pores, whence ye juice being anointed on, or ye green root rubbed on doth thicken ye Alopeciae. And ye root beaten small, or the juice with franckincense & wax of each alike,

takes away both sugillata and liventia. But it must be let lie no longer than 2 hours, and after this to foment ye place with warm sea-water. It takes away also sun-burnings being smeared on with honey, & removes leprosies. And the juice breaks also Tubercula being anointed on with sulphur. And it is anointed also profitably upon such as have long lasting griefs about the side, or the lungs, or the feet, or ye joint. It is of good use also for reducing ye Preputia, on such as want ye foreskin, so it be not by Circumcision,

raising up a tumor, which being fomented and softened with fat things doth fill up ye defect of ye Preputium.

HERBS

AND

ROOTS

25)

a% on ~AG

GeA 0:9

158. SPARTION

lion FA

158. SPARTION.

Spartium junceum

Spartium [which some call Lobon, some Lygon] is a shrub bearing long rods, without leaves, strong, hard to break, wherewith they bind vines.

But it bears cods, as Phaseoli, in which are little seeds

like Lenticulae, ye flower yellowish, as of ye Leucoion. The seed of this, & ye flowers being drank with Melicrat in quantity of 5 Oboli doth purge upward with violence, as ye Ellebore, yet without danger, but ye seed moveth ye purging downward. And these rods being macerated in water, then beaten and juiced, is an help for ye Ischiaticall & Synanchicall, as much as a Cyathus being drank by them fasting. But some steeping in brine or seawater, doe glisterize ye Ischiaticall, for it expels bloody & strimentous stuff.

DIOSCORIDES,

554

BK.

159.

159.

SILUBON.

IV

SILUBOS

Silybum marianum

Silybum is a broad Acantha, having leaves like white Chamaeleon

which being but newly sprung up is eaten sodden with oil, and salt. But ye juice of ye root being drank with Melicrate, as much as a dragm, doth provoke vomitings.

HERBS

AND

ROOTS

160. BALANOS AUREPSIKE. Tamarisk

8)

Fruit of tree like

Glans unguentaria is ye fruit of a tree like Myrica, suitable to that which is called ye Pontick nut,! of which, that within being prest, like as ye bitter almonds, it yields a moisture, which they use for pretious ointments instead of oil. But it grows in Aethopia, & Egypt, and Arabia, & in Petra, a town by Judaea.

But that of it

which is new & full, and white & easily peeled is ye best. This being beaten small, & drank with Posca, as much as ye weight of a dragm doth abate ye spleen, & it is laid upon it with Loliacean meal, & with Melicrate upon ye Podagricall. And being sodden with Acetum, it raiseth out ye Psora, & Leprosy, but with nitre ye Vitiligines & black scars, & with urine it takes away ye Lentigines, & Vari, & sun-burnings & pustles in ye faces. But with Hydromel it moveth vomitings & looseth ye belly, but it is very bad for ye stomach. And the oil of it being drank doth bind ye belly. But the bark of it is more binding. But ye dreggy stuff that is left, of that which was beaten, & strained out, is mixed with

Smegmata, such as are fitting for Scabrousness and itchings.

161.

NARKISSOS.

Narcissus poeticus

(N. Tazzetta (Penzig)) Narcissus [which some call Narcissus Anydros, some Autogenes, some Bulbus vomitorius, some Lirion, ye Romans Bulbus Morbitarius] some also have called this Lirium, as they do ye Lilly it. Is

like in ye leaves to ye Leek, but they are thinner and smaller by much, & narrower:

it hath a stalk, empty without leaves, longer

than a span. On which is a white flower, but within of a saffron colour, & in some of a purple colour, but ye root white within,

round, Bulbus-like: ye seed as in a little skin, black, somewhat long. The best grows in hilly places, being of a good scent, but ye rest is leekish, and hath an herby smell. The root of this being eaten & drank doth move vomitings. It is good also for ye Ambusti being beaten small with honey, & being laid on it conglutinates ye cuttings asunder about ye sinews. Being beaten small & laid on with honey, it helps both ye luxations of ye Malleoli, and the long continued griefs about ye joints. And with nettle seed & acetum it cleanseth both sun-burnings,

& ye vitiligo.

And with

Ervum, and honey it purgeth away ye filth of ulcers, & breaketh ye hard ripening of botches, & being laid on with Loliacean meal, & honey it draws out splinters. 1 Nux Avellana.

556

DIOSCORIDES, BK. IV

162.

162.

IPPOPHAES.

IPPOPHAES

Hippophae rhamnoides

Sea Buckthorn Hippophaes [which some call Hippophues, some Hippophanes, some Hippion, some Equinum, some Pelecinos, ye Romans Lappago, some Lappolamera] wherewith they full clothes: it grows in maritime and sandy places. But it is a sprigly shrub, thick, putting out on all sides, having long leaves, near to those of ye Olive,

but

narrower,

& softer,

& between

them

dry prickles,

whitish, knotty, distant from one another: ye flowers like Corymbi of Ivy, as clusters of grapes lying upon one another, but smaller,

HERBS

AND

ROOTS

297

and soft, and with ye white enclining to a Phoenician colour in

part. The root thick & soft full of liquor, bitter to him that tasteth

it, which hath its liquor taken like as Thapsia. But ye liquor is laid up of itself, or taken with meal of Ervum, and dried. But it purgeth, cholerick matter, watery matter & phlegmy matter downwards, as much of it, unmixed, as an Obolus;

but of that with

ye Ervum 4 Oboli with Melicrate and ye shrub being dried with ye roots is beaten & being beaten small is given with an half Hemina of Melicrate. There is also made a juice of ye root & of ye herb, as there is of Thapsias. But for purgations, a dragm of this is given.

163.

IPPOPHAISTON

163. IPPOPHAISTON. Cirsium stellatum Hippophaeston, but some also call this Hippophaes, grows in the same places in which the Hippophaes grows, it also being a kind of Fuller’s Acantha, but it is a lyer on ye ground, having only small little leaves, prickly & empty little heads, but it bears neither stalk nor flower, but a thick, & soft root. Having juiced ye leaves, & the root, and the head of this, dry it, and give ye quantity of 3 Oboli with Melicrate to whom you will, for purging by this doth expel water, & Phlegm. But ye purging by this is good properly, for Orthopnoeae & Epilepsies, & ye griefs about the Sinews.

558

DIOSCORIDES,

164. KROTON E KIKI. Ricinus,

or Crotona, which some

BK.

IV

Ricinus commu is call Sesamum

sylvestre, some

Seseli cyprium, some Croton [ye Egyptians Systhamna, some Trixis, the Magi Sanguis febris, ye Romans Ricinus, some Lupa] It is called Ricinus, for the likeness of ye seed to that creature. But it is a tree having ye heighth of a small fig tree, but leaves like ye

HERBS

AND

ROOTS

plane tree, but greater, and smoother,

559

and blacker, but it hath

the trunks & the boughs hollow after ye manner of a reed, but ye seed in rough berries, which being peeled is liked to ye creature Ricinus. Out of which also is pressed the oil which is called Cicinum. It is not to be eaten, but is useful for candles and plasters. But as Many as 30 grains in number being made clean, & drank being beaten

small, drive

out

through ye belly Phlegm,

& choler, &

water. They do also move vomiting, but ye purging after this way is harsh & extremely laboursome, mightily overturning the stomach, but being beaten & laid on cleanse ye Vari, & sun-burnings. But ye leaves being bruised with ye flour of Polenta doe assuage ye Oedemata & inflammations of ye eyes, & doe abate milk-swollen breasts, & extinguisheth ye Erysipelata, when laid on by itself, or with Acetum.

165. TITHUMALOS CHARACHIAS.

Dwarf

Mountain

Euphorbia Characias

Pine

Of Tithymal there are 7 kinds: of which ye male is called Characias, but of some Comatus, or Amygdaloides, or else it is called Gobius, but ye other, female, or Myrtites which also they call Caryites or Myrsinites, ye 3rd Paralius which some have called Tithymalis, ye 4 Helioscopius, ye 5 Cyparissias, ye 6 Dendroides, ye 7 Platyphyllos. But of that which is called Characias, ye stalks are above a cubit red, full of sharp, & white juice. But ye leaves about ye rods, like ye Olive tree but longer, & narrower, ye root gross, & woody. But on ye top of ye stalks ye hair of rush-like little rods, & under them hollow cases like to basins or little hives, in which

is ye seed. It grows in rough & hilly places. But ye juice hath a purging faculty of ye belly below, expelling Phlegm & choler, it being taken ye quantity of 2 Oboli with Posca. But with Melicrate also it moves vomitings. It is juiced about the time of vintage, ye rods being laid together, and so cut. But they must be shut up in a vessel. But some mixing meal of Ervum form pills thereof of ye bigness of Ervum. And some do drop 3 or 4 drops into dried figs, and drying them set them up. But being beaten of itself in a mortar it is formed into pills, & set up. But in the juicing one must not stand against ye wind, nor put his hands to his eyes, but also before the juicing he must anoint his body with grease, or oil with wine, and especially ye face, & ye neck, & ye Scrotum. But it exasperates also ye sharp Artery, whence he ought to wrap ye pills in wax, or sodden honey, & soe to give it. But two or 3 dry figs being taken are sufficient for a purge. Ye juice newly made

560

DIOSCORIDES,

)

A

ee

BK.

IV

EaBN < e)

Wy \!

bas

.

165.

TITHUMALOS CHARACHIAS

—

also being smeared on with oil in ye Sun, takes off hair, & makes those which come up again yellow and thin, & in ye end destroys them all. It is put also into ye concavities of teeth, mitigating the pains.

But

you must

cover

ye teeth about

with

wax,

so that

running beside, it does not hurt ye sharp artery, or the tongue. It takes away also ye Myrmeciae, & hanging warts, and ye Thymi, & ye Lichenas being smeared on. It is good also for ye Pterygia, & Carbuncles,

Phagedenas,

Gangrenes,

Fistulas.

And

the seed

being gathered in ye Autumn, & dried in ye Sun, & beaten gently, & rid of ye chaff, is laid up cleanly & the leaves are dried in like sort. But both ye seed and the leaves; being given to drink in quantity of half an acetabulum, do ye same things as ye juice.

HERBS

AND

ROOTS

And some also do pickle them, mixing with ye milky juice dium & bruised Cheese. And one dragm of ye root being kled upon with hydromel & drank purgeth by ye belly. But sodden with Acetum, & ye teeth washed therewith, it toothache.

165.

TITHUMALOS

561 Lepisprinbeing helps

MURSINITES

165. TITHUMALOS MURSINITES.

Euphorbia Myrsinites

But ye female which some have called Myrsinites, or Caryites, is like in nature to Daphnoeides & it hath leaves like to Myrsine, but greater, & strong, sharp, & prickly on ye top, but it sends out from ye root shoots a span long, and it bears a fruit every second year, like to ye nut, gently biting the tongue. This grows also in

rough places. But ye juice & ye root & ye seed and the leaves have ye like faculty to that before it, yet that is stronger for a vomit than this.

00

562

DIOSCORIDES,

165.

TITHUMALOS

BK.

IV

KUPARISSIOS

= 165. TITHUMALOS KUPARISSIOS. Euphorbia aleppica (E cyparissias (Penzig)) But Cyparissias doth send out a stalk a span long, longer, somewhat red, out of which spring ye leaves like ye Pine, yet tenderer, and thinner, & it is wholly like to come up, whence also it is so-called. And this also is white juice. It hath ye like virtue to those before it.

or rather to those of a pine new filled with

HERBS

AND

ROOTS

563

165. TITHUMALOS ELIOSKOPIOS

165. TITHUMALOS ELIOSKOPIOS.

Euphorbia helioscopia

But that which is called Helioscopius, hath leaves like to Portulaca,

but thinner, and rounder but it sends out from ye root 4 or 5 branches, a span long, thin and red, full of much white juice, but

ye head DilJ-like, and the seed as it were in little heads, ye hair of this is carried about by ye course of ye Sun, whence also it is called Helioscopius. It grows in ruinous places, & about towns. Both ye juice & the seed is gathered after ye manner of ye others; having ye self same virtue with ye former, but not so forcible.

DIOSCORIDES,

564

we

Va NZ

SS ZZSz. U,

IV

ae ay

ANN 2 Ny

WARN

~

Le

NY

BK.

AS

xy

Lp Qik LSI0, \ .D LLL

RES

NY

ANNAN? SANNA Xa OW 8

ie SS 9:

165.

TITHUMALOS

165. TITHUMALOS PARALIOS.

PARALIOS

Euphorbia Paralias

But that which is named Tithymalus Paralios which some have called

Tithymalis,

or

Mecona,

grows

in maritime

places.

It

hath branches a span long, upright, somewhat red, 5 or 6 from ye root about which are ye leaves in order, small, somewhat slender,

pretty long, like to flax; & on ye top a round head in which is the seed as Ervum, diversified, ye flowers white; but ye whole shrub

& ye root are full of white juice, & ye use & laying up of this is like to ye afore spoken of.

HERBS

AND

165. TITHUMALOS DENDRITES.

ROOTS

565

Euphorbia dendroidea

But which grows upon rocks & is called Dendroides is abundantly leafy towards ye top, & full of hair, full of juice, reddish concerning

ye branches, about which are ye leaves like to ye thin Myrtle, but ye seed like to that of Caracia & this also is laid up in like manner & works like to ye aforesaid.

566

DIOSCORIDES,

BK.

165. TITHUMALOS PLATUPHULLOS.

IV

Euphorbia pilosa

But Platyphyllos is like to Verbascum. And ye root and ye leaves purge watery matter by ye belly. It killeth likewise fish being beaten, & diluted with water, & likewise those aforewritten per-

form ye same.

HERBS

AND

ROOTS

567

\

/

ae Mo : AS Ahj ) —TING Z

166.

166. Pityusa which

PiTuousA.

some

call Clema,

SzrPais a.|

Pirvousa

Pinus halepensis some

Crambion,

some

Paralion,

some Canopicon, in kind seems to differ from ye Cyparissian Tithymal, whence also it is reckoned as one of them. But it sends out a stalk longer than a cubit, much knotted, compast about with sharp thin little leaves like to those of ye Pine:

flowers small, as it

were, purple, but ye seed broad, as Lenticula, ye root [which they call Turpeth] white, thick, full of juice, but this shrub is found in some places exceedingly greate. But the root being given in

quantity of 2 dragms with Melicrate doth purge downward, but of ye seed, one dragm & of ye juice as much as a spoonful, is taken with ye meal in a Catapotium, but of ye leaves 3 dragms.

Bi

DIOSCORIDES?

568

167.

167.

LATHUROS.

IV

LATHUROS

Euphorbia Lathyris

Spurge Lathyris, & some

also call this Tithymal, & doe reckon this also

amongst ye Tithymalls, sends out a stalk, ye heighth of a cubit, empty ye thickness of a finger & on ye top of it wings. But the leaves upon the stalk, somewhat long, like to those of ye Almond tree, but broader, and smoother. But those on ye tops of ye little branches, are smaller, like those of Aristolochia ye long, or of Ivy. But it hath seed on the tops of ye branches in 3 heads, round as Capparis, in which 3 little seeds distinguished by tunicles from one another, round, greater than Erua, which being peeled are white, & sweet in ye taste: ye root thin, and white, of on use.

But ye whole shrub is full of juice, like as Tithymal is. And ye seeds have ye power of purging ye belly, as many as 7 or 8 in number being taken in a pill, or eaten & swallowed down with dry figs, or Dates, cold water being supped up upon it. But it expels Phlegm, & cholera, & water. And the juice being taken as that

of Tithymal doth do ye same. But ye leaves also are sod together with an hen or pot-herbs for the same effect.

HERBS

168.

PEPLOS.

AND

ROOTS

569

Euphorbia falcata

Peplus, which some call Syce, some Papaver Spumeum, is a little shrub full of white juice, having a little leaf, like to Rue, but broader. The whole hair as of a span, round, spred upon the

ground & under the leaves a little seed, round, less than that of white Poppy. But ye herb is of much use, having but one root of no use, from which ye whole shrub breaks out. It groweth in gardens, & in vineyards. It is gathered in Harvest, being dried in

ye shade & often turned.

But the seed is laid up in store, being

beaten & made clean. But ye quantity of an Acetabulum being drank with an Hemina of Hydromel expels Phlegm, & choler, and being mixed in meats it troubles ye belly: it is preserved in brine.

169. PEPLION.

Euphorbia Peplis

Peplis which some call Portulaca sylvestris, but Hippocrates calls it Peplion, grows especially in maritime places: a shrub spreading about, full of white iuice, having leaves like to ye garden Portulaca, but round, & from ye parts beneath having a reddish colour, and the seed under the leaves is round, as that of Peplus, hot to ye taste, ye root thin, one, unuseful. But it is gathered, &

laid up, and given as Peplus, & is preserved in brine, & it hath ye same virtue.

DIOSCORIDES,

570

170.

BK.

IV

CHAMAISUKE

170. CHAMAISUKE.

Euphorbia Chamaesyce

Chamaesyce some call Syce [some Papauer spumeum] sends out branches 4 fingers long, lying upon ye ground, round in compass, full of juice, leaves as Lens, like to Peplus, little, thine, close to ye earth; but ye seed under the leaves, round, as of Peplus, but it hath neither flower, nor stalk: a root thin, & unuseful. But ye

branches being beaten small with wine have ye virtue to assuage ye pains about ye matrix, being applied for a Pessum, & being smeared on, they take away Oedemata & hanging warts, & ye Myrmecias ;but being eaten sodden they loose ye belly, & ye juice also of them performs ye same things, & further, being smeared on it helps ye stroke of ye Scorpoin. It is good also for ye dulness of sight, & ye darkness

and beginning suffusions,

Nubecula, being anointed on with honey. dry places.

for scars, ye

It grows in rocky and

HERBS

/, /

AND

ROOTS

171. SKAMMONIA

171. SKAMMONIA.

571

1

Convolvulus farinosus, C. Scammonia

Scamonia [which some call Scamboniae radix, some Colophonia, some

Dactylium,

ye Romans

Colophonium,

the Magi Apopleu-

monos, ye Egyptians Sanilum] sends out many branches three cubits long from one root, fat, showing out something of roughness,

& ye leaves also are rough, like to Helxine or Ivy, yet softer and

three square; ye flowers white, round, hollow as the basketts, of a strong scent; but ye root of a good length, thick as an arm, white, of a strong scent, full of juice. Ye juice is gathered, by the

head being taken away from ye root, & cut into ye hollowness, roof-like for ye juice doth flow into it, and so it is taken up in

572

DIOSCORIDES,

BK.

IV

spoons; but some digging the earth roof-like, putting ye leaves of ye walnut under, pour upon them the juice, & being thus dried take it away. But ye good is transparent, & light, thin, bullglue-like in the colour, having thin fungus-like chaps, and such as this is that which is brought out of Mysia being in Asia. Neither must you look only to ye growing white of it when touched by ye tongue, for this happens also, if the juice of Tithymal be mixed with it; but look rather to ye signes aforesaid, & to this that it burne not ye tongue to much, which comes to pass when Tithymal is mixed with it. But that which is made in Judaea, & ye Syriacall, are worst being heavy, thick, adulterated with Tithymal, & Ervian meal. But ye juice being taken with Melicrate, or water in quantity of a dragm, or 4 Oboli hath ye force to purge downward choler, & Phlegm. But to loose ye belly two Oboli are enough, being taken with Sesama, or some other seed. There is given also for ye more effectual purging of the juice 3 Oboli, & of black Elebore 2 Oboli, & of Aloe 1 dragm. And purging salts also are prepared, 20 dragms of ye juice of Scammonie being mixed with 6 Cyathi of Salt. But it is taken according to ye strength of aman. The full dose is 3 spoonfuls, ye middle two & ye least one. And I or 2 dragms of ye root mixed with ye things aforesaid, doe purge. But some seething it drink it. But being sodden with Acetum, & beaten small with barley meal it is a cataplasme for ye Ischiaticall. But ye juice being laid to ye matrix in wool, doth kill ye Embryo. It dissolveth also Tubercula being anointed on with honey or oil. But being sodden in Acetum & smeared on it takes away Leprosies. With Acetum & Rosaceum it is an irrigation of a long continued headache.

172. CHAMELAIA.

Daphne oleoides

Chamelaea, which some call Pyros achne, or Acnestos, some Coccos Cnidios [some Chamelaea nigra, some Heraclion, some Bdelura, ye Romans Citocacium, some Eleago, some Oloastellum] hath branches a span long. But ye shrub is spriggy, it hath leaves like to the Olive, but slenderer, & thick, & bitter, biting ye tasting & exasperating ye Artery. The leaves of this purge downward Phlegm, & choler, especially being taken in a Catapotium, twice as much wormwood being mixed to one part of ye Chamelaea, but let them be formed with water or honey into a Catapotium: but they are unmeltable for they pass through as big as they were taken. The leaves beaten small being taken with honey do purge ye fowle & crusted ulcers.

HERBS

AND

ROOTS

173.

D729

THUMELAIA

yt

173. THUMELAIA.

Daphne Gnidium

Thymelaea, which some call Chamelaea, some call Pyrosachne, or

Cestron or Cneoron. Of this ye Cnidian grain, being ye seed, is gathered, which the Euboeans call Aetolium, ye Syrians Apolinum, & some call Linum, because ye shrub is like in nature to sown flax.

574

DIOSCORIDESS

Bay

It sends out many, thin fair rods, almost of 2 cubits, but ye leaves are like to Chamelaea, but narrower and fatter, somewhat

viscous, & glutinous in the being chewed ye flowers white, & in ye midst to it the fruit, small as that of Myrtus, round, in ye beginning

green, but afterwards red. But ye covering of it, hard & black, but that within white; which inward part being drank as much as of 20 of ye grains, purgeth downward choler, & Phlegm & water. But it burns ye aspera artery, wherefore it is to be given with meal, or Polenta, or in ye kernel of a grape, or being covered about with sodden honey to swallow it down. And withall, to anoint such as are hard to sweat, it being beaten small with nitre &

acetum. But the leaves which properly are called Cneoron, must be gathered about ye harvest time, and be set up after they have dried them in ye shade. But it behoves ye givers thereof to beat them, & to take off ye strings that are in them. But as much as ye quantity of an acetabulum layed on one with diluted wine, purgeth by drawing away watery matter. It makes ye purging ye more moderate, it being mixed with sodden Lens, and bruised pot-herbs. They are laid up being beaten small, & taken with ye juice of ye unripe grape, to be made into little balls. But ye herb is naught for ye stomach: & given as a Pessum, it kills ye Embryo. It grows in hilly, and rough places. But they are deceived which think that the Cnidian grain is ye fruit of Chamelaea, being beguiled by ye

likeness of the leaves.

174. AKTE.

Sambucus nigra

Sambucus [which some call Arbor ursi, some Sativa, ye Romans Sambucus, ye French Scobie, ye Dacians Seba] is of 2 sorts, for one is of a treeish kind having reed-like branches, round, hollowish, whitish, of a good length. The leaves 3 or 4 by distances about ye rod like to ye Walnut, both of a strong smell and more jagged. But on the top are branches or stalks, round tufts, having white flowers, but a fruit like to ye Terebinth, of somewhat a purplish black, growing in clusters, full of juice, smacking of wine.

HERBS

AND

ROOTS

575

Wy

jee |C/N Y)

iz

175. CHAMAIAKTE.

—

Oe:

Sambucus Ebulus

But ye other kind of it is called Chamiacte

[which some

ve

\S

call

Heliosacte, some sylvestris Sambucus, some Euboica, ye Romans

Ebulus, ye French Ducone, ye Dacians Olma] this being a go-byground is lesser and more herb-like, having a 4-square stalk &

with many joints, but ye leaves spread abroad by distances about every joint, like to ye Almond tree, being incut round about, &

576

DIOSCORIDES,

BK. IV

175.

CHAMAIAKTE

longer, of a strong scent, having a tuft on ye top, like to that before it, & ye like flower, & fruit. The root lies under long, ye thickness of a finger. But there is ye same virtue, & use in them both,

drying, expelling water, yet bad for ye stomach; but the leaves sodden as potherbs, purge phlegm, and choler, & ye stalks being sodden in a plate do the same. But ye roots of it being sodden with wine & given for meat, are good for ye hydropicall, & being drank in like sort it helps ye viper-bitten. But being sodden with water for an Insession, it softens ye Matrix and opens ye passages & sets

to rights ye disaffections about it. And ye fruit being drank with wine performs ye same things, & being anointed on it blacks ye hair. But the new and tender leaves being smeared on with Polenta they assuage inflammations, & being smeared on they are good for Ambustions, & ye dog-bitten. They conglutinate also hollow ulcers & help the podagricall, being smeared on with bulls or goates grease.

HERBS

AND

ROOTS

176.

176.

PUKNOKOMON.

SY!

PUKNOKOMON

Leonurus Marrubiastrum

Figure not of a Labiate Pycnocomon hath leaves like to Eruca, but rough and thick, and sharper, a stalk 4-square, but a flower like to that of Ocimum, but

ye seed as of Marrubium, ye roote black, round, pale, of ye fashion of a little apple, smelling earthly. It grows in rocky places. But the seed being drank as much as a dragm, hath ye force to cause turbulent & grievous dreams. It dissolves also Oedemata being laid on with Polenta, & it draws out prickles & splinters. And the leaves being laid on do dissolve tubercula, and Furunculi; but ye root of it is a looser of ye belly. & a voider of choler. It is given, 2 dragms in Melicrate. PP

578

DIOSCORIDES,

177. APIOS.

BK.

IV

Euphorbia Apios

Apios, which some call Ischias, some Chamaebalanos, some montanus, or sylvestris, some Linozostis [Romani Radix silvestris, ye

Africans Thorphathsadoe] sends out two or three small branches from ye earth, rushy, thin, red, lifting themselves a little above ye ground, ye leaves like to Rue yet somewhat longer, & narrower,

green, ye seed small, ye root coming near to Hastula regia, and to the shape of ye Pear, but rounder, full of juice, having a bark black without, but within white.

Of this, the inward part of ye root

being taken doth draw out choler & Phlegm by vomits, and that at ye root doth purge downward. But being taken altogether it moves both manner of purgings. But if you be willing to juice it beat ye roots & casting them into a vessel of water shake them together, & taking away ye liquor standing on top with a feather, dry it. Three Semioboli of this being drank, do purge upward, & downward.

178. KOLOKUNTHIS.

Cucumis colocynthis, Cucurbita maxima

Colocynthis, which some call Colocynthis capri, some Cucurbitala amara, some Colocynthis Alexandrina, (Zoroastres Thymbra, Osthanes Autogenes, ye Romans Cucurbita syluatica, ye Dacians

Tutastra} sends out small’ branches, & leaves spread upon ye ground like to those of ye Sative Cucumber, jagged upon, but a round fruit like to a midling ball, strongly bitter, which you must gather when it begins to change into a paler colour. But ye pulpe of ye fruit hath a purging faculty, being taken, ye quantity of 4 Oboli with Hydromel; or with nitre and Myrrh, and sod with honey made into a Catapotion. And ye pills themselves, being dried and beaten small are mixed profitably with glysters for ye Ischiaticall, & Paraliticall & Colicall, driving out Phlegm & choler, & strigmenta & sometimes also bloody stuff. And given as a Pessum they kill ye Embrya. And it is a collution for ye toothache, if any having taken out ye pith of one & wrapt it about with clay & having sodden it in Acetum & Nitre, give it to wash ye mouth with. And if any having sodden therein melicrat, or else Passum & having let it cool abroad, give it to drink, it purgeth gross humours, & strigmenta. But it is very bad for ye stomach. And a Suppositorie also of it is put up for ye voyding of ye excrements. And ye juice of it being green is good being rubbed upon ye Ischiaticall.

580

DIOSCORIDES,

179.

BK. IV

EPITHUMON

179.

EPITHUMON.

Cuscuta Epithymum

Epithymum [which some call Cedoes ye Romans Involucrum| is ye flower of ye harder Thyme, & like to Satureia. It hath little heads, thin, light, having tails like hairs. But being drank with honey, it purgeth downward Phlegm, & black choler. It is properly good for ye melancholicall, & ye puffed up with wind, ye quantity of an acetabulum to ye quantity of 4 dragms with honey & salt, anda little Acetum. But it grows abundantly in Cappadocia and Pamphylia.

HERBS

AND

ROOTS

581

180. ALUPON Alypum is a shrubby herb, somewhat red, having thin twigs, thin leaves, full of flowers, soft, and light, ye root as of beet, thin, full of sharp juice, the seed as of Epithymum. It grows in maritime places especially in great abundance, in ye places of Lybia, & much also in other places. The seed of it being taken with the like quantity of salt, with Epithymum, & Acetum purgeth black choler downward, but it exulcerats ye entrailes quickly (or lightly).

181. EMPETRON.

Sedum anopetalum Stonecrop

Empetron, which some call Phacoides, grows in maritime and hilly (places) being salt in taste, but that near to ye earth, is more bitter. But given in broth or Hydromel, it purgeth Phlegm, & choler & watery matter.

182. KLEMATITIS.

Clematis cirrhosa

Clematitis sendeth out a somewhat reddish pliant branch, a leaf

exceeding sharp to ye taster, and exulcerating. It doth winde about trees as Smilax. The seed of this beaten small, being drank with water or Hydromel, drives downward phlegm & choler. But ye leaves being laid to remove leprosies. It is preserved in salt with Lepidium, to be eaten.

183.

AMPELOS

AGRIA

The wild Vine doth send out long sprigs, as of ye Vine, woody, rough, bark-chapped, but ye leaves like to garden Solanum, but broader and longer, a flower as hairs, mossy, but a fruit like to

little small-grape-clusters,

which

ripening

grows

red,

but

ye

figure of ye grains is round. The root of this being sodden in wine, and drank with two Cyathi of sea-water doth purge out watery matter. And it is given also to ye hydropicall, But ye clusters, cleanse away sun-burnings, & every spot; but ye new-put-out shoots are preserved in salt for meat.

* This chapter is also printed as an addition to chapter 7.

582

IV

BK.

DIOSCORIDES,

-.

‘i

.

“aQ

j o°, ce

ey

“©2})9e5

GS

XG

i’ i:

c

—==Gh

.

e@ ~~

@ ae.

2

.

* ¢ &

HERBS AND ROOTS

583

184. AMPELOS LEUKE Vitis alba, which some call Bryony, some Ophiostaphylon, some Chelidonion, or Melothron, or Psilothron, or Archezostis, or Agrostis, or Cedrostis, the branches & the leaves, & ye claspers

like to ye sative Vine, but all rougher, & it is wrapt about ye shrubs standing by, catching hold with ye claspers, but it hath a red, cluster-like fruit wherewith hides are made bare of hair.

The

young tendrils of this, are eaten at ye first putting out, being sodden, moving ye Urine, and ye belly. But ye leaves, & ye fruit, and the root have a sharp faculty, whence being laid on with salt upon the

Chironiall,

&

Gangraenicall,

ulcers of ye legs, they are effectuall.

&

Phagedaenicall,

&

rotten

But ye root cleanseth ye skin

& extends it, & with Ervum, & terra Chia, & Foenograec it takes off

sun-burning, ye Vari, Lentigines & black scars. But being sodden with oil till it be dissolved, it is good for ye same purposes. And it takes away also sugillata, & represseth ye Pterygia in ye fingers. But being smeared on with wine it dissolveth inflammations & breaketh abscessus, & it draws out bones laid on when it is beaten

small. And it is mixed fitly with Septicall medicines. It is drank also for Epilepsies, one dragm every day for a year together. Being taken in ye like manner it helpeth ye sick of Apoplexies, & the Vertiginous. But ye quantity of 2 dragms being drank doth help ye viper-bitten, and kills ye Embryo. And sometimes also it somewhat troubleth ye understanding, & being drank it moves ye urine, & applied as a Pessum to ye matrix, it draws out ye Embryo, & ye secundas, & also a lohoc thereof with honey is given to ye suffocated, and hard breathers, & coughers, & to such as are pained

in ye side and for ruptures & convulsions. And ye quantity of 3 Oboli being drank with acetum, for 30 days it abates ye spleen, & it is smeared on profitably with figs for ye same purposes. It is sod likewise for an Insession, being a cleanser of ye wombe, & a caster

out (of ye Embrya). But ye root of it is juiced in ye spring. And ye juice is drank with melicrate for ye same ends, expelling phlegm. But ye fruit is good for ye Psoras, & leprosies, being both anointed on, & laid on. And ye fruit of it being juiced, and supped up with sodden wheat, doth draw out milk.

HERBS

AND ROOTS

185. AMPELOS MELAINA.

585

Tamus comunis ?

Vitis nigra, which some call black Bryonie, some ye Chironian Vine [some Bucranium, the Romans Oblamenia, some Batanuta, some Betisalca, ye Dacians Priadela, some Pegrina, ye Africans

Lauothen] hath leaves like unto Ivy, but more like to those of Smilax & ye stalks too, but these are greater: and this too takes hold of the trees with its claspers, The fruit cluster-wise, green at ye beginning, but being ripe it grows black. The root black without, but within of a Boxen colour. And the stalks of this at the first putting out are eaten like potherbs, they are also ureticall, & expulsive of ye menstrualls, & abators of ye spleen. They are good for ye Epilelepticall, & ye Vertiginall, and ye Paralyticall. But ye root hath ye like vertue to ye white, and is fitting for ye same use, yet it worketh less. But ye leaves being smeared on with wine are good for ye necks of labouring beasts,

after they are exulcerated, and they are laid on so likewise for luxations.

186.

PTERIS.

Aspidium aculeatum Nephrodium felix mas

Filix, which some call Blechnon, some Polyrrhizon, some Pterion, some Pterineon, some Dasyclonon, some Anasphoron, ye Magi Surculum

Mercurii, ye Romans Filix fanaria, some

Laculla, some

Filix, ye Egyptians ye blood of an Ass] ye leaves are without stalks & without flowers & without seed, out of one stem, the heighth about a cubit, cut in & spred abroad, as a wing, of somewhat a strong smell. It hath a root that lies shallow, black, some-

what long, having many shoots, somewhat binding to ye taste. It grows in hilly and rocky places. The root of this being taken, ye quantity of 4 dragms with Melicrate, drives out ye broad worm. But it is better, if one giveth it with four Oboli of Scamonie or black Ellebore. But it behoves them that take it to eat garlick first. It makes also for ye Spleneticall, to restore them to their former state. And ye root being drank with Axungia, & laid on is good for such as are hurt with a Reed. The proof is this. Where there is much seed, & much fern encompassing it, there ye Fern vanisheth.

586

DIOSCORIDES,

186.

BK.

IV

PTERIS

588

DIOSCORIDES,

BK.

IV

~

187. THELUPTERIS.

Pteris aquilina

Thelypteris, which some call Nymphaea Pteris, [ye Romans Lingua Ceruina] hath leaves like those of that, but not single-stemmed, but having many & higher excrescencies. The roots are under, long, thwarting,

numerous,

yellowish

black,

& some

also red.

And

these also being taken with honey in a Lohoc, do cast out ye broad worm, & being drank with wine ye quantity of 3 dragms, they cast out ye round worm. But being given to women, they cause barrenness, & if any go with child, she makes abortion, but being dried, they are laid on ulcers, which are moist, & hard to cure ;

& they heal ye necks of yoked beasts, but ye leaves of it, new put out, are used as potherbs, being eaten when they are sodden &: they soften ye belly.

HERBS

AND

ROOTS

589

\y 188.

“ye”

188.

POLUPODION,

POLUPODION

|

Polypodium vulgare

Figure of Ceterach Polypodium [which some call Scolopendrion, some Pteris, some Polyrrhizon, ye Romans Filicula Lici talis] it grows on rocks having moss, & on ye wild stocks which are in oaks, having ye heighth of a span, like to fern, somewhat

rough, cut in, but not

divided so thinly, but ye root lies under, being hairy having curled locks like a Polypus, ye thickness of a little finger, but being scraped, within green, sharp, & of somewhat a sweet taste, having a purging faculty. But to purge with it, it is given, being sodden together with an henne, or fish, or beets, or mallowes, but

being dry & powdered & sprinkled into Melicrate, it expels Phlegm & choler, & ye root beaten small being applied is good for luxations and for the chaps which are between ye fingers.

590

DIOSCORIDES,

BK.

IV

HERBS

AND

ROOTS

591

Wi/ a

189. DRUOPTERIS.

rn!

°

C2

-_

ba

~~

189.

DRvUoPTERIS

=

Asplenium Adiantum nigrum?

Dryopteris [which some call Pterion, some Nymphaea Pteris] it grows on ye mossy parts of old oaks, like to Fern, but by much less as for ye incutting: it hath roots enfolded by playting, rough astringent according to tast, inclining to sweetness. This being laid on when it is beaten small with the roots, makes ye hair fall off. But you must wipe away ye first after it hath moistened ye skin, & lay on fresh.

592

DIOSCORIDES,

BK.

IV

HERBS

190.

KNIKOS.

AND

ROOTS

593

Cnicus sp. ov Carthamus tinctorius

Cnicus hath leaves somewhat long, cut in, sharp, prickly, but stalks a cubit long, on which an head of ye bigness of an Olive, ye flower like to saffron, ye seed white, & reddish, somewhat long,

cornery.

This flower they use for sauce with meats.

being bruised, & juiced with Hydromel

The seed

or ye broth of an Hen,

doth purge ye belly, but it is bad for ye stomach. There are made of it also marchpains, mollifying the belly, ye liquor of it being mixed with almonds, & Nitre, and Annisseed, and sodden honey.

But you must, having divided them in 4 parts about ye bigness of a kingly nut, take 2 or 3 of them before supper. And you must prepare it after thismanner.

Take of white Cnicus, one Sextarie, of

Almonds roasted and blanched three Cyathi, of Anisseed one sextuary, of ye foam of Nitre a dragm, of ye flesh of dry figs in number 30. And ye juice also of ye seed doth thicken ye milk, & makes it ye more laxative.

191.

LINOZosTIS.

Mercurialis annua!

Linozostis [which some call Argyros, some Aritrillis, some Chrysitis, ye Egyptians Aphlopho, the Romans Herba Mercurialis mascula, or testiculata, ye Africans Asumes] some call it Parthenium, some

herbula

Mercurii.

It hath leaves, like to Ocimum, suitable

to those of Helxina but smaller, little boughs with 2 joints, having many wings, & those thick, but the seed, of the female growing in clusters & abounding, but of the male as for ye boughs small, round, as it were two little stones lying together, but ye

whole shrub is a span long, or more: but both do move ye belly, being used as potherbs, & eaten. But being sodden in water & ye water drank up, they expel choler & watery stuff. And it is thought also that ye leaves of ye female beaten small & drank & laid after the menstrual cleansing to ye privities, do cause ye conception of a female, & that ye leaves of ye male being ordered after ye like sort, it comes to pass that a male is born.

! The identification is presumably by Maxwell Masters, but the figures do not bear this out, for while the left figure Linozostis theleia is doubtful, the right figure, L. arren, is not unlike Chenopodium rubrum.

QQ

594

DIOSCORIDES, BK. IV

HERBS

192.

AND

ROOTS

595

KUNOKRAMBE

\ 192. KUNOKRAMBE.

Thelygonum Cynocrambe

Cynia, or Cynocrambe, which some call ye wild male Linozostis {ye Africans Harmas, some Asumeslabon] sends out a small stalk

2 spans high, tender, somewhat white, ye leaves like to Mercury, or Ivy, whitish by distances, but the seed lying by the leaves is little & round. Both the stalk & the leaves being drank as potherbs have ye force of moving ye belly. But ye water of them being sod expels choler & watery stuff.

596

DIOSCORIDES,

BK.

IV

193. ELIOTROPION MEGA. Heliotropium europaeum Heliotropium ye great, which some have called Scorpiuron, some Heliotropos, some

Dialion, some

Heliopun, some

Scorpioctonon,

some Sesamon Sylvestre, some Scorpij cauda] from ye form of ye flower, but they call it Heliotrop, from ye turning about of the leaves towards ye setting of ye sun. But it hath leaves like to Ocimum, but rougher & blacker and greater, shoots from ye root as it were 3 or 4 or 5 & of these many wings, on ye tops a flower white, enclining to a purple, winding about like ye tail of a Scorpion ; but ye root thin & of no use. Of this as much as an handful, sodden with water, and drank expels phlegm & choler through ye belly. It is good also for ye Scorpion-smitten, being drank with wine, & also smeared on.

And it is hanged about one to cause

barrenness. And they say that 4 grains of the seed being drank with wine one hour before ye time of ye fit, do cure quartans ; and three, Tertians. But ye seed being smeared on, doth dry up ye Myrmeciae & hanging warts, & ye Thymi, & the Epinyctidi. but ye leaves are smeared on profitably tor gouts & luxations, & children that have ye Siriasis, they move also ye menstrua, and expel ye Embrya, being beaten small, & so applied.

HERBS

193.

ELIOTROPION MEGA

AND

ROOTS

597

598

DIOSCORIDES,

BK.

IV

194.

194. ELIOTROPION MIKRON.

ELIOTROPION

MIKRON

Heliotropium villosum

Heliotropium the little grows in marshy places, & near to lakes, having leaves like to the aforesaid, but rounder, a round seed hanging like hanging warts. But the herb with the seed being

drank with nitre & Hyssop, and Nasturtium & water is of force to drive out ye broad and round worm. And it takes away hanging warts being smeared on with salt.

HERBS

195.

AND

ROOTS

599

SKORPIOIDES

195.

SKORPIOIDES.

Calendula officinalis

Figure of ‘SKORPIOURON ETERON’ Scorpioides, is a little herb, having a few leaves, and like ye tails

of a scorpion, but being smeared on they help mightily ye scorpionsmitten.

Finis quarti Libri 20 Junij 1654 Exam. 14 Feb. 1655.

600

DIOSCORIDES,

BK.

IV

~

YW> SNe \)

pe9ar“4S IRYNS oc d0 606 :

-| 1-79

RACHA

| Styrax officinalis

OLEACE DNC IGNITE.

|

&#.

Ao aii oa oe 1.138.140] Olea Europxa acngten Ga o6 os OC 1.108 | Ornus Europxa

EDINKU PEC a elelai sis)elels vies

1.125 | Phillyrea-latifolia

ASCLEPIADE&. Cynanchum erectum or mars-

INGLIS 5.50 a0 40 OF

4.81

INGTaN PIE sano09 coc .| MYPBI sogano008s 2055

3.106 | Asclepias vincetoxicum 3.134 | Cynanchum nigrum

ts Posie gn ON as

a ; bey Pretty good ...

Pretty good

APOCYNACES. AS eA cna KAnpatis if" 05nd oboe O00 c

4-7 4.82

Vinca minor Nerium oleander

|

GENTIANACES. Kevravptoy To pukpov

... | 3-9

| Chironia centaurium

........ | Good

BORAGINACEX. opal” 5005060000. Grgm” co agdeus

4.23 4.24

Anchusa tinctoria ....+.+65 . | Good Echium creticum,........ .+++| Good

Catalogue of Plants noticed by Dioscorides,

672

BORAGINACE Name given by Dioscorides.

BouvyAwocov* ........ Exvov Suelo: o).eEeveuiet's) 01/0;.0) 6)18..0

“HAvorpomiov peya sere eens KuvoyAwooor INTRONRn 4.6 Oday 00 nOOC

Mvogeartis

CRW

RC, ROR

RPC EChNG

so ogo0cb obese

Zkoprioedes*

Reference to Diose.

(continugp). Character of the Draw. ing of the Plant in the Vienna M8.

Modern Botanical Name.

lib. cap.

4.128 4-27 4-193 4.129 4.26

2.215 Bera 4-195

ZKopmiovpovt.......... eC

&

SCC)

4.9 ore?

| Anchusa paniculata.......... ON WUEETO soongoooooes | Heliotropium Europzeum | Cynoglossum officinale ...... Echium Italicum...........Lithospermum purpureo ceruleum |eOnosmars palncertemrr reir | Lithospermum apulum ...... Boraginea quedam .......... IDE oo co 600 F000 OOOH OOD EEE SHAUAMA SEY cocosnonec || COMO TMNT » oo oo cH casone

Figure bad Good Pretty good

Pretty good Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Good

CONVOLVULACE&. Convolvulus

Aopvxviov™*

4-75 4.39 4.179 4.13 4.14 ZIG

EAéwvn xiocaptredos* EmiOupov KAvpevoy TlepexAupevov 2kappovia

Creorum,

or C.

Doryenium Convolvulus arvensis | Cuscuta Epithymum ........ Convolvulus Sepium ........ AKIN ooonoacegces fai OSUSieEtme rarer

Cuscuta omitted

Figure bad Good Fictitious

SOLANACEX.

“Yooxvapos peAas ......

4-76 4.76 1.119 4.72 ana 4-71 4-73 4.69

AeuKos*

4.69

MavSpayopas* Mavdpayopas popiov .... “Papvos*

Srpvxvos adikaxaBos*.. paviKos pedas Kntratos .. umvetiKos*

4.69

Atropa Mandragora, L. ...... — Belladonna? | Lycium Europeum......... Physalis alkekengi?.......... Solanum Sodomeum = APA oococacnson Physalis somnifera Hyoscyamus niger .....-....

Like nature

Pretty good Good, for somni-

(fera! Good

Pretty good

— albus, L.

——— aureus, L. Physalis alkekengi...........

Goodt

SCROPHULARINES. Avtipptvov

Cet Oe

Tadoyis*

#0) 010 © (0) 00

Evdarivn

DeDarcareecetes © © #10

ifs} sii) wieieie sees) a)e

“EdAeBopos Aevxos*

....

4.133 4-95 4.40 485°

EAfun xvocapmedos.... Dcdyperis rpiryn*

4-39 4-35

)opos*

Pieyt 4.104

Aeukn appynv* Aevkn Onrera peAawva *

4.104 4.104

| Antirrhinum Orontium Scrophularia peregrina ...... Linaria spuria Digitalis ferruginea, Veratium album, e Ve ch cease

Figure pretty gooc

Pretty good

— AXigyptiaca, Sibthp. Scrophularia lucida?

|| MGSO, oo co boson coce.coor — plicatum

Pretty good

Thapsus nigrum

+ N.B. Where no reference to Diosc. is given, as is the case here, the reader may conclude that in the V. MS. a plate to the name attached occurs, although the latter has not been foun in the edition of Diosc. in my possession.

¢ More like this plant than the drawing of 3. eAtcaxaBa.

arranged according to the Natural System.

673

OROBANCHACEZ. Réference to Diosc. lib. cap.

Name given by Dioscorides.

OpoBayxn*

2.172

Modern

Botanical Name.

Character of the Drawing of the Plant in the Vienna MS.

| Orobanche caryophyllea

ACANTHACEX£. Axav0a eprrexavOa*

-| 3-15

| Acanthus spinosus

..........

LABIAT A: Ayptopryavos ..........

AtOtoms

Pech OOinat is

a Dat One)

Axivos* BO

wo

Ooch

Oo

0).3) Bl'silei s) 0a Pwla) 6\0)\6 -e

ado EdeAirpakov

“EpmvAAos

— Cvyis*

“Hévocpoy ayprov NeEpov cece

ewe

Aevkas

AcBavewris Mapov* ee MeAtocoduAdov Optyavos npakXcoriKn evetis* Ping OyDe e46.0 ‘Oppuvov nyepov......+TloAcov* Sie elee,e gs 0)00,1019. (¢ *

.

TIpaciov........0+005-

Zapyuyxov Zdnpiris*

Cr

ZcoupBprov ZKopdiov

Zrixas* rr Tpayoptyavos*

peer

eens

aAdos*

‘Yoowmros * es ®)opos aypia* Cy

Origanum vulgare 4.105 | Salvia Aithiopis 3.50 (Ny WS AVGINOS aonccascoccs Byiot) if (evertibhi) Gasecnige Casoosoooc 3.36 Mentha pulegiumys. 4-1 3:37 Origanum Dictamnus........ 3°39 3.40 Salviaroiiicinalismeerr rynes eice 3.46 Thymus Serpyllum .......... 3.46 —- striatus (? T. Tygris) 3-42 Menthargentilisismenien eer 3.41 SEINE aatislnd Og GO0500 3.45 Satvurclasubymbrameerererinr its 3-44 GAMBLE soosoocadoss Mentha sylvestris, vel set 3-43 jissaaltissima ac) roe 4.1 Betonica alopecurus.......... a Melissa Clinopodium, el eb nopodium vulgare 3-113 | Lamium maculatum 3.89 Rosmarinus officinalis ........ 3.49 Origanum sipyleum ......... gpiiitss | WANS) OHNE so poco un 0c ud 3.32 Origanum heracleoticum...... 3-33 ONES coosetoos5506 2.148 | Salvia horminum)........-.-3.124 | Teucrium Polium~......... 3.119 | Marrubium vulgare.......... 3-47 Origanum Marjorana ........ 4-33 Sideritis Romana............ 2.155 |vientha nirstitameeiies est 3.125 | Teucrium Scordium ........ 3.120 | Stachys Palestina .......... Bayi Lavandula Stoechas.......... : Thymus graveolens.......... oe Microrserta Juliana (Sibthp.) Byars |vel Thymus Tragoriganum (Sprengl.) 3-30 Thymbra spicata ............ 4.104 | Phlomis fruticosa.........¢..

Pretty good Pretty good Some resemblance Fictitious Fictitious Good Bad

Pretty Pretty Slight Pretty

good good resemblance good

Pretty good Doubtful

Slightly resembling Pretty good Pretty good Good Fictitious Pretty good Slightly resembling Doubttul Pretty good Doubtful Doubtful Fictitious Pretty good Doubtful

Pretty good

Catalogue of Plants noticed by Dioscorides,

674

LABIAT& | Reference | to Diose.

Name given by Divscorides.

(continvep). Modern

Character of the Drawing of the Plant in the

Botanical Name.

lib. cap.

Xapaidpus

rr

Xapatkicoos Xapacmirvus

a ee

ee

er

tore

TplTn

Vienna MS,

3.112

| Teucrium Chamedrys........

Figure doubtful

4.126

| Glechoma hederacea

Fictitious

3.175 3.176 3-38

| Ajuga Chamepitys .......... Pretty good Chamepitys .......... Marrubium pseudo-Dictamnus | Fictitious

........

VERBENACEZ. 1.135

| Vitex agnugs castus

‘Iepa Botan Ilepiotepewy 6 opOos.... 6 Umrvos a

4.61 Ade) 4.60:

Verbena officinalis || ATES ISIS codaoscoodeadc “WeVerbena;Sp; gic. soc. ae

AvayadMs .... eres pleus 6:6. 0) 9 2) > KuxAapuvos érepa

2.209 2.194 2.195 4:3

Ayvos*

er

..........

Good

PRIMULACESZ.

Avoipaxvov

Cr

6

| Anagallis arvensis | Cyclamen hederifolium

Good Good Doubtful Doubtful

Lysimachia vulgaris

PLANTAGINEX. ApvoyAwooov

.......-.

ptkpov WvAALov

re

ce

2.153 | Plantago major et P. Lagopus | Good 2.153 Lagopus | 4.70 lvaliiiii, Iby scooasoc Good

AMARANTHACES. INR?

| 2.143

Goonoood eke

| Amaranthus Blitum

| Good

CHEIROPODIACEX. AAupos

Pie

eC

MP

Ye at CC

i$

Atpakruhts ee Bortpus ee

TeutAoy pedav ayptov

[isr20N Atriplex hortensismecrmnicr rie: | |3.107 hortensis, Sprengel 3.130 | Chenopodium Botrys | 2149) |) Betaivulgatis mera ete tele

POLYGONACEZ. 2004 Tam PeRUMeGaquallcusir statirte. Pretty good Thelygonum Cynocrambe ....} Bad FYI) || Wie HOMEY acancancounc Pretty good aN { bucephalophorus, or R.

ey ee

[atkpov

sels 6 60

«0

ofvAatrabov .... TloAvyovoy appev....... Sa ODP OLOvte tens

EY.Oporremepe)

sections

ac

a t4>

4:4 3.2 2.191

scutatus crispus,

acetosa,

aceto-

{ sella, or acutus aliorum

Polygonum aviculare ........ Pretty good Radix Rhei Rhapontici ...... ' ‘Tolerable |! Polygonum hydropiper |

arranged according to the Natural System. THYMELACE f Name given by Dioscorides.

Reference to Diose. lib. cap.

Aadvoedes.. 2.2.2.6... OupieNata® alesis) csi XapeAaia.........00..

4.148 4.173 4.172

675

2.

| Character of the Drawing of the Plant in the Vienna MS,

Modern Botanical Name.

| Daphne Mezereon, L......... Gnidiumiyaee eer OWOWGS sooccassvooe

ee

i

Figure doubtful Ditto Fictitious

ASARINES.

| RURIRAD Pde On eOa Goes | 19

|

| Asarum Europeum.......... | Good

SANTALACESE.

i

|ROOLUPS Sicseaersls coleelastics | 4-143

| Osyris alba

|

i

CYTINACEX. NENTMGRES 900000000 | oy) ETEPAT recs oes

| COMMIS IOYGVOE TS. ooocecones |Cynomoriuin coccineum

Pretty good

ARISTOLOCHI. AptoroAoxia KAnparitis 3-6 LAK PG Seer tetas |3.5 atpoyyuvAn* ....| 3-4

Aristolochia beetica | panvifolial eraserer Good pallidayermits vesrrate ters Ditto

EUPHORBIACESZ. RB no odocorsn0o dann Kporoy 7 Kixt* ........ MEE cp oonseocbadnd INTIS Cat 55 680.0 OO OO00 RENE a5 cno BoD ooDnOe

4-177. 4-164 4.167 4.192 4.169

| Euphorbia Apios | Ricinus communis .......... | Euphorbia Lathyris.......... | Mercurialis annua ........... | Euphorbia Peplis............

Tet NOS Hote xete seers eers Mer VOUC Crete tstie is: TiOuparos Sevdpirns* ...| nAtockomios ....|

4.168

falcata Os. B0SSbine s6 BOGaKeoo dendroidesiee eine helioscopia ..........

——-

kumapioouos....| pupowitns* ....| mapadwos ...... mratupuddos ...| xapaxias ......

Biparylouraorraiaccct cree

CONNIE

4.165 4.165

4.165 4.165 4.165 4.165 4.165 4-49

nobcuesacounse

| ———

Good Bad Pretty good Ditto Fictitious Good ; Answers to paralias

aleppica, or Cyparissias | Pretty goo MEPIS) Go dabooooot Ditto

Paraliag’ vues cis «eyeswee Answers to helios-

| ——-—

(NCEA oopoosacoedoode

Fictitious

characias ............

Good

Oficinalisie aera

Ditto

Mer cutialisttnnentcrtscntiiotstelets

Fictitious

URTICACE. INZPANTAS) 5 606000600000 Gaque Ssodgo00r ENStyn) facdetrek 04 ssc a [email protected] oriole cae alsie9s TONE cob uncecocs J

; [copia

4.94 4.94

Urtica pilulifera — urens 4.86 Parietariagerrrcrrrier en screens 4.12 | Celtis australis 1.184 | Ficus Carica a

tae Fictitious

Catalogue of Plants noticed by Dioscorides, ULMACE&. Name given by Dioscorides.

TireNeat

Reference to Diose.

Modern

r.i1x

| Ulmus campestris

lib. cap.

wo ee

Botanical

Character of the Draw. ing of the Plant in the Vienna MS,

Name.

CUPULIFERS. A pustiacrec isis ota Kapva movtika ........

1.142 1.179

| Quercus A%gilops

Kao, avov nn ernie Koxkos Badixn ........

1.145 4.48

| Castanee vesce nux Quercus coccifera _

TIptvostspcsawe oe eee ese On yoscies te eee

1.144 1.144

| Quercus Ilex? Q. coccifera — /Esculus

RI TRRTES 660 000606

1.102

| Corylus Avellana

| Cupressus sempervirens

SALICACES. WOV SES oon FOB G DOE | 3.113

| Populus alba

|

PLATANACEA. WONG

5 sco po nooeee

1.107

| Platanus orientalis

CONIFER ApkevOos peyadn ...... SHU acdoa on or

1.103 1.103

Kd pose crete cco oars

1.105

URINE? o 5000 t50% Ec ee scents WMS. on odoonaoooDN? TDpayoserrenceriae sa

1.105 1.86 1.86 2:15

Devan

|

&.

| Juniperus pheenicea? ........ | ————— communis?........

| { ete — oxycedrus, or J. phecommunis Pinus maritima

— pinea | ephedradistachyala

ci ier

Doubtful

MONOTOCYLEDONE~®. ALISMACES. INNO o&osossnan : INR) oaocsagooce Erpatiwrns dev toisvdacw|

3.169 | Alisma Plantago — Plantago ..... 5400.08 4.102 | Stratiotes aloides ....... Sb oKO0

Fictitious Pretty good

POTAMOGETONEZ. cay Soanen | 4 )LOles ETEDOS ilies

ci

PpLotamopetonmennn mrt rts MALANS

Doubtful

socierodclselensteless4 Ditto

arranged according to the Natural System. ARACEX. Reference Name given by Divscorides.

Axopoy

©) 1610) 8!6 ee

to Diosc. lib. erp.

bite. @ a.tee

Me?) S108

.19

Apov*

Cone

RO) Cet

ptxpov Zrapyaviov

Tupy

ORCC

6 2)6 Oe

© 6

.......48.

ee

@akos 6 em rw rehparov

Character of the DrawModern

Acorus Calamus -Arum

arisarum,

Rapp (ate

CORSA

at

35.0460 60.0008

epvOpoviov™ .... érepov Zeparias

Dh alfemesteiehie> x0..0'ale! =

'

............ or

ing of the Plant in the Vienna MS.

Figure pretty good

Arisarum

vulgare 2.197 — Dioscoridis 2.196 |———dracunculus .......... 2.196 SHEVOMATIIN 6 oc oo0a6dne 4.21 Sparganium ramosum........ B31 33m leLypharlatitoliavaere erat | PpeI) |) LATA WMO? 50000090000006

ORCHIDE “EdXcBopwn

Botanical Name.

Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditco Fictitious

+.

Orchisitarrs peers setae 2 TOL ms eoeraplasilinguaseeemneer i 3-141 | Orchis rubra Ophryst. cx aeaac ones ores 3-144 | Serapias cordigera........... Ophtysts accion eet ORCHISS ao cesioke eos pier

Fictitious Pretty good Pretty good itto Ditto Ditto

IRIDACEZ. OO

wos

OO

Dod

(0)(0| 9a. e@) 8) 6.8) © 8 0,10 er

ey

1.1

Iris|Germanica, sss

Good

oats 4.20 4.22

(GOeHS CADIS oc0 co 60060006 Gladiolus communis......... risifcetidissimawy- eee

Slight resemblance Pretty good Good

AMARYLLIDACES. BodBos epetixos

eee

ee

es

HpakAevov 7 mavkpatiov*

Napkiocos*

Narcissi species, forsan N. Jonquilla Pancratium maritimum....... Doubtful 4.161 | Narcissus pveticus, or Tazetta | Pretty good

2.201

MELANTHACEXZ. Uvularia amplexifolia

Idaia pita KoA xtkov

4.84

Colchicuin autumnale

LILIACE Akon Aorapayos*

Aogode)os BodBos edwdipos — epeTiKos ......Aagdyn — adefavdpera

EXadooxopoSov* “HpepoxaAXs Kpwvov BactAckoy

Kpoppvov* Aevkookopodov*

oye 618) 8)© ele.

B25 2.152 2.199 2.200 2.201 1.106 4.147 2.182 3.136 3.116 pits 2.182

&.

Mloewulgarisie tnt errr | Asparagus acutifolius | Asphodelus ramosus......... | Hyacinthus comosus ........ | Ornithogalum stachyoides | Ruscus aculeatus..........-. hypoglossum | Allium subhirsutum ......... | Lilium chalcedonicum........ Candidumer err er ra || AME CFE) oo ooocooadoaancc ampeloprasum........ |

Good Ditto Doubtful

Pretty good Some resemblance Ditto Pretty good Ditto

678

Catalogue of Plants noticed by Dioscorides, LILIACE

&

(contivep).

Name given by Dioseorides.

Reference to Diose. lib, cap.

Modern

Mupown aypia ........ Mote sets arreecaeeiecker Opuioyadov .......... Odtockopodoy .........

3.54 2.174

Character of the Dr ing of the Plant in Vienna MS,

Botanical Name.

4.182 | Ruscus aculeatus Allium Dioscoridis .......... | Ornithogalum umbellatum Ie Allium Scorodoprasum.......

Figure fictitiou

Pretty good

[et Pancratium, alias Pan-

OORT”

oo goco nen.

2.202

cratium maritimum,

nec

S.

maritima

Tlo\vyovaroy .......... Wipacovay 7. ee SKIANG ses ners oreo coreiae Zkopodompacoy* ....... SKOPOCOV EE eae eee HONS

NAGE o3c000606

4.6 Convallaria Polygonatum .....| ii) || LAM OTHE o coogcnoconar 25202 POCillanmanitinams rr tietr tes 2.183 | Allium descendens .......... 2.182 | ———sativum ............ 4.80

Smilax

———..............

Fictitious Pretty good No flower shew Figure pretty g Pretty good Fictitious

GUICGE oocccove METS “socacgoeanec ‘ImmoyAwoooy......... CRANE RTOD? co sgcaosoc

4-144 4.63 4.132 3.122

— AS Pela) Guiscsaessiccr se Scillaibifoliaraerarreeeeeecee | Ruscus hypoglossum | Anthericum Grecum ........

Pretty good More like S. am

Xapadadyn

4-129

| Ruscus hypophyllum, L.

Good

........-.

JUNCACE DDG,

«00 06 00Dor | 4-52

Kusre(posmminiactel necro TXOVOS

.....-

200s

—akaptos ....... SYOWOS aie eestor

1.4 4-5

,

4-52 4-52

Fictitious

&.

| Juncus acutus ............4, | Pretty good

CYPERACE O\neea ae

....|

&.

eghene OATS

cooonsgnes

Pretty good

..........

Good

{ cirpus_ mucronatus, or Claavai Gecmanicun

Elececharis palustris Isolepis holoscheenus

GRAMINE&. QTONGES* 5 000 0000000"

4.30

ING INES pcbasosoonvel| Alpaca craterscr veins Bpoposmey ast yore statics

“oiley) || AdAIIS OE oooccoonnocecn 2.122 | Lolium timuientum.......... ATEXS), || ACHETER 50.05 00000000006

AOvabs lyn trier ive oe EAUL08) Scns esos see ZEUG incr Fa Mer ORores Kadapaypworis........ Kadayos cuptyyios* ....| Key yposer ieee nee:

1.114 | Arundo Donax 23120 ee ADICUM talicummeie tne iter 2.111 | Triticum Spelta 4-31 Cynosurus Atgyptiaca........ 1.114 | Erianthus Ravenne 2 VIO Me|eeanicumpsmnillaceumicrsyseiister

INGOTS odocoobsan060K OXDarn ste ener OpuCavgren erees tye HONG 56000000060¢ Doavistrnsr ete yee Dowie ener ete ORIG. 66 000000500076

1.114 2.113 2.117 3.119 1.114 4-43 reveites

Panicum dactylum

| Cenchrus frutescens | Tritici Spelte varietas | Oryza sativa | Phalaris canariensis.......... | Phragmites communis i:ordeum murinum? ........ MIsGNIE rocadooocooguace

Pretty good Pretty good Good Good

Pretty good : Good

Pretty good Pretty good Good

arranged according to the Natural System.

679

FILICES. Name given by Dioscorides.

Reference to Diosc. lib. cap.

AomAnvioy

4.136 2161

Apvorrepis

4.189

Ondurrepis

4.187

“Inmoupis

4.46

érepa Aoyxitis éTepa TloAvrrodiov

4-47 3-162 4.188 4.186

ZKodorevptov Tptxopaves

@udhiris

4-137 Baler

Modern

Botanical

Name.

Adiantum capillus veneris .... Gymnogramma ceterach Asplenium adiantum nigrum? Pteris aquilina . Equisetum sylvaticum arvense Aspidium Lonchitis Polypodium vulgare Aspidium aculeatum Scolopendrium vulgare Gymnogramma ceterach Asplenium Trichomanes Scolopendrium vulgare

Character of the Drawing of the Plant in the Vienna MS.

No resemblance

Doubtful [drium Like a ScolopenDoubtful Like Hippuris Pretty good Pretty good Good Good Pretty good Fictitious

ICHENES. | Pretty good

Atyny 6 emt Tov TeTpaV. , |

EE GaN Gils Ayaptxkoy Muknres

2.175

Boletus laricis Fungi varii | Tuber cibarium

ALG 4.100

&.

| Fucoidearum species varie

Ke? Od IS % EORVM

QVAE

LIBRIS _ YV.

de materia eWedica continentur.

Prior

numerus hibrum , posterior caput indicat.

Bey Abiga

3» 1753176 §277

Adepstaurinus, patherinus,

Abrotoniniconfeétio

1,60

ex Abrotonovinuin

5,62

Abrotonum Abfinthites vinum Abfinchium Abfinthium marinum

3029 —5,49 3526 3,27

45136

Abortiuum vinum

Abfinthium Santonict 3,18 Acacalis 1,118

Acacia Acantha

1,133 3,19

Acantha fylueftris

3,20

Acanthium Acetum

3,18 §o2t

Acetum fcillinum Acetum {teechadites Achillea

{25 5,53 4536

Acinus Aconitum

3550 4977378

Acorites vinum $973 Acorum 152 Adarces $9137 Adeps 2586 Adeps anferinus & gallinaceus

25,93

Adeps quomodo fampfachi odoreimbuatur 2592

Adeps fuillus & vrfinus 2,87

ac leoninus Adiantum Adipum vis

.gilops ris flos ris {quama AZ rugo rafilis A.rugo fcolecia 4s vitum A.thiopis Actites lapis Agallochum Agaricum Ageratum

Alabaftrites lapis. Alcea

Alcyonium Alga Alifma

Allium Aloé Alfine Althza Alumen Alypum

Alytfon

2,90 2194 4139 5288

$989

§91

5.92

587 43106

JIL 1520 Zo 4559

§91§3

32164 §>136 4,100

33169 2,182

302 4987

3.163 §2125 4,180 3105

TaNe Der

682 Amaracinum

1,68

Ambrohia Amuiantus lapis

3,129 $9156

Ammi Amomum Ampelitis terra

3,70 114 518k

Ampeloprafon

2,180

Amurca

14134

Amygdalz Amylum Anagallis Anagyris

Aachufa Aadrofaces Androfemon

1,176 2,123 25209 45167

4523524525 3,150 33173

Avemone

2,207

Argemone

Argenti fcoria

2,208

5.101

Argenti fpuma f 102 Argentum vioum §o110 Anfacum 2,198 Ariftolochia Clematitis 3,6 Ariftolochia longa 35 Aiitolocbia rotunda Armeniaca Atrmeniom Aromatites vinum Aron

Arfenicum Artemifia Actemifiatenuifolia Arundo

354 1, 165 § 105 564 25,197

g 124 3527

3,128 1,4

Anethini compofitio

1,61

Alarites yinum

Anethinum vinum Anethum Anguium feneca Anifum

$979 3567 2519 3,65

Alarum

Anonis

3521

Afpalathus

119

35154

Aiparagus

2,162

35143/

Afphodelos Alplenon Alter Atticus Attragalus Athera

2,199 30158 43120 4,62 2,114

Atractylis

3,107

Anthemis

Anthyllis Antipathes Anurrhinon

$5140 45133

Antifpoda Aparine

§236 3,104

Aphaca Apiaftrum

2,178 3,118 43177

Apios

463 89

Afclepias Afcyron

3,106 3,172

Afius lapis

$2142

Atramentum librarium 5,183 Atramécom metallicum 5,8

Apite vinum

$32

Atramentum futorium 5,114

Apium

3974

Apium paluftre Apocynon Apollinaris herba

3575 481 4:69

Atriplex Avena

2,545 2.5116

Auricula muris

2,214

Aurtipiginentum

§ 120

Aqua

$218

Aqua marina

§919

Baccharis

3541

Aqua mulfa

ca17,

Balauftium

1,154

Ballote

S517

Balfamum Barbola hirci

1,18 25173

Bdellium Beta

1,80 2,149

Arabicus lapis

§9149

Araneus

2,68

Arbutus

1,175

Atcion ArQion Arena

4.107 4,106 55167

Beta fyiueftris

416

IN

Braffica Braffica marina

-DZE~ Xx, Catorchites vinum Caucalis 2,38 25143 Cedrinum vinum 35130 Cedrites vinum Cedrus 2,146 Centaurium maius 2,148

Bratlca fylueftris

25147

Cenrautium minus

Britannica Bromus Buccina Bugloffum

4.2 45140 256 4128

Cepxa Cera Ceratia

Bulbusefculentus

2,200

Cerufla

$9103

Bulbus vomitorius Bunias Bunites vinum

2,201 25136 {956

Ceftrites yvinum

$354

Chalcitis

soll

Bunivum

4124

Bitumen

683 §o4l 29169 $45 §°47 1,105 3.8

1,99

Blatra Blitum Rotrys

Buphthaimum

35156

Buprettis 2,66 Butyrum,& eius fuligo 2,81

Cc

359

3,168 25105 1,157

Cerebrum gallinarum

2,53

Chame

259

Chamzacte

45176

Chameciffus Camadaphne

AliG 45149

Chamadryites vinum Chamaeleon albus Chameleon aiger

435" 3,10 3.11

Cacalia Cachry

45123 3,88

Chamzpeuce

Cadmia Czpa Czruleum

6984 2,181 §2106

Chamazpitys Chamefyce

30175 49170

Calamintha

3243

éCalaminthavinum Calamus odoratus Calx viua Cancri Cancamum

5,62 1517, $9133 2,12 1523

Chamelza Chamelaitesvinum

43172 5,79

Cannabis fatiua Cannabis fylueftris Cantharides

39165 3,166 2565

Capnos Capparis

Cardamomura Carduus Caries lignorum

410 2204

1,5 3316 1,112

Carum

366

Cafeus recens Caffia

2579 1,12

Caftanez Caftorium Catanance

1,145 2526 49134

4127

Chamapityiou vinum

4,80

Chelidonia

25218

Chelidonia minor Chia terra

25212 §9174

Chondros

2,018

Chryfanthemon

458

Chrylocolla Chryfocome

F104 4,55

Chryfogonon

4056

Cicadz Cicer

2356 25126

Cicuta

4979

Cimices

Cimoliaterra Cinis farmentitius Cinnabari Ginnamomum Cinnamominum oleum 74

2,36

59176 $9135 $109 113 1,

684

Cionia

beN

:

2,6

Cyparifliastithym.

4,165

45119

Cyperus Cyphi

1,4 1,24

1,126

Cyprini {piffamétum ac prz

Circza

33134

Cirfium Ciftus Clematis

Aa7

Clematitis

4182

Clinopodium Clymenon

3,109 413

Coicus Coagulum Coccum tindtile

Cochlea Colchicum

DoE OX:

45190 2585 4.48

2,11 4,84

paratio

1,65

Cyprus

1,124

Cytini Cytifus

1,152 413

D Daphncides Daucites vinum Daucus

4,148 §:70 3,83

Delphinium Dendroides

384,85 45165

Colocynthis 45178 Colymbades oliuz — 1,139 Condrylla 2,161 Conyza 35136

Dictamnites vinum

§9§7

Didamnem

3337

¢Conyza vinum

Diphryges

{120

Dipfacus Dorycnion

3903 417§

Corallium

$63

$9139

Coriandrum Coris

71 3,174

Cornu cerui

263

Cornus

1172

Cos

5168,

Coronopus Coftus Cotonea Cratzogonum

25158 1,15 1,160 3139

Crimnon

2,112

Crithmon Crociniconfectio

25157 1,64

Crocodilium Crocomagma Crocum Cucumis fativus

Cucumis fylueftris Cucurbita Cuminum fatiuum Cuminumfylueftre Cupreflus Curm1

Cyanus Cyclaminus

Cydonites vinum Cynocrambe

yi 1,26 1526 2,163

4,154 25162 3,68 — 3.69 1,102 2,110

$7 L06 251945195

5228 4,192

Di@amnum Creticum

3,39

pete 25187 Draco marinus 2516 Dracunculus fiue Dracontia 25196

Dry opteris

4,189

E

Ebenus Ebur Echinus marinus Echinus terreftris Echion Elzomeli

Elaphobofcon Elaterium Elatine

L139 2,61 2,1 252 4,27 1,37

3,80 A155 440

Elatini confectio Elichryfon

hhy4 457

Elleborites vinum Empetrum

5982 $0180

Ephemerum

Epimedium Epipactis Epithymum E quifetum E. etria terra

4385.

4,19 4109 45179 4146947 §oI7E

IN

DE

X Galerita

685 2559

Erica Erinus Ecuca

IIT 429 2,170

Erucz Eruum Eryngium

2,64 2,131 3,24

Galline

2,52

Gallium

496

Eryfimon

2,188

Garum

2334

Genitaleceruimafculi

2,43

Eupatorium Euphorbium

4.41 3,96

Gentiana

F

Faba Agyptia

2.128

Faba Greca Fabrilis rubrica

23127 fetid

Fex

§9'32

Fagus Fel

L144 2,96

Ferrirecremetum feu {coria 594

Galropfis Galla

Geodes lapis

4995 1,146

393

§3169

Geranium

Z5138

Gingidium

2,167

Gith Glandes Glaftus Glaucium Glaux Gleucini compofitio Glutinum

393 1,146 25216 3,100 45141 1,67 3,101

Ferrugo

$993

Glycyrrhiza

307

Ferula

3,91

Gnaphalium

35132

4139

Gobius

pees

2526

Gramen

4330

Fici

1,183

Ficus Cypria Ficus fyiueftris

1,182 1,184

Gramen arundinaceum 4,31 Gramen Parnaffium 4,32 Grofl

1,185

Filicula

45188

Gypfum

$913.4

Filix Filix femina Fimus

45186 4,187

$9144 1,120 3,98 25199 2,210 4,126

Feftuca

Fibri teftes

Flos falis Feniculus Fenigtzci farina

$2129 3,81 25124.

H Hematites lapis Halimus Hammoniacum Haftula regia Hedera Hederahumirepens

Fornacum terra Fraxinus

$9179 1,108

Hedy farum

Fucus marinus

4,100

2,98

Flos zris

588

Fuligo ex myrrha, refina &

{ty race

1,85

Fuligo pictoria

5.182

Fumaria

4,110

Fungi

4,83

G

Gagates lapis Galact:tes lapis Galbanum

59146 G15 §997

Hedychroon Helenium

Helenium Agyptium Heleofelinum Heliofcopius tith

170 3,146 1527

1,28 176

45166

Heliotropium magna 45193 Heliotropium paruum 4,194

Helleborumalbum — 4,150 Helleborum mgtum — 45161 Helxine

Hemerocallis

4539386

33137

686

INDEX.

Hemionitis Hepar afininum

Hierabotane Hieracium magnum Hieracium paruum Hippace

Hippocampus Hippolapathum Hippomarathrum Hippophaes Hippophatton

3,192

Iuncus

452

2542

Iuncus odoratus

1,16

461 = 3,72 3573 2,80 253 2,141 382 4162 4163

Hippopotami tefticulus 2,25 Hippofelinum

3,78

Hirundo Holoftium Hordeum Horminum

2,60 411 2,108 35145

Hyacynthus

4,63

Hydrargyrom Hydromelon

§2110 5230

Hydropiper

25191

Hyofcyamus

4,69

Hypecoon Hypericum

468 3,171, 1127 45132

Hypociftis Hypogloffon

Iuniperinum vinum = §,46 Iuniperus 1,103

lufculum recentium pifciam 2139

i

Labrufca

§o2

Lac

2575

Lac muliebre Lac {chiftum

2,78 2977

Lacerta

2369

Lacryma olez Athiopice 1,14

Lactariz herbe Ladctucafylueftris

4,165 25165 2,166

Ladanum Lagopus

1128 4517

Lampfana

2,142

Lane Lanz vite

2,82 2583

Lapathum

2,140

Lactuca fatiua

Lapides fpongiarum — 5,163 Lapis actites Lapis alabattrites

§r164 $9153

Hydopites yinum

5250

Lapis amiantus

52156

Hy (fopus

3,30

Lapis Arabicus

§9149

Lapis Afius

§o142

lafpis

$160

Lapis Gagates

1,188 3,102

Lapis galactites

§146

Iberis Ichthyocolla

Lapis geodes

52169

Tecur aprinum

2,40

Lapis hamatites

$9144

Iecur canis rabidi

249

lecur caprinum

2,47

Lapis iafpis Lapis ludaicus

fr 60 S155

2,50

Lapis magnes

9148

Lapis Lapis Lapis Lapis Lapis

§o1§T 5158 Sr 152 j 162

I

Iecurmergi llex

1,144

Indicum Trini (pifamentum ex Iride vinum

§2107 1,66 5.65

Irio Iris

2,188 LI

Ifatis fatiua Ifatis fylueftris Iudaicus lapis

2,216 25216 $9185

Melitites Memphites morochthus ophites oftracites

Lapis Phrygius Lapis pyrites

59150

§165 §:t41 5143

Lapis Samius

5173

Lapis fapphitus

§01§7

TNS

Lapis foi lilis Lapis felenices

Eee

145 $9159

Lycopfis Lyncurium

Lapis {myris

52166

Lyfimachia

Lapis Thracius

§t47

687

4,26 2,100 43 M

Lapis thyices

Qly4

Macer

Lathyris

49167

Lauius Laucus Alexandrina

Menez

1,106 4,147

Magnes Mala Epirotica

Lemniaterra

F013

Lens

2,129

Lenticula paluftris

4588

Lentifcinum vinum — 5,38

1,164

Mala fylueftria

1,163

Malabathiinum oleum

eMalabathrovinum

1,89

Leontopetalum

Malabathrum

3,110

Malicorium

Leontopodion

413k

Malua

Lepidium

2,205

Malum Punicum

2,20 2521

Leucas Leucoion Libanotis Libanotiscoronaria Lichen Lichenes equorum

3,113 35138 3,87 3,89 453 245

Leucacantha

Ligufticum Lilium Linum

Limonium

3,22

358 35116 25125

2531

5.148 1,162

Mala Perfica

Lenufcus

Lepus marinus Lepus terre(tris

1,110

1,76

5,67 11

15153 2st 4g

Lgl

Malus Mandragora

1,159 4.76 Mandragorites vinum §,81 Marathrices vinum $275 Marrubium 3,119 Marum 3,49 Medica re, Medica mala 1,166 Medium 4,18

$Medulle

2595

Megalium Mel

1,69 2101

4:16

Mel Ponticum

25103

Linozoftis Lithocolla Lithofpermon

4,19 $2164 3158

Mei Sardoum Melanteria Meianchium

2102 5118 3295

Lixiuium ficus Locufta

1,186 2,57.

Melhiaterra +Melilotus

5-180 3,48

Melimela Melini compofitio

1,161 1555

Loliom Lonchitis

2,122 391G61,162

Lotus Lotus Agyptia

1171 Aott4

Melirites lapis Melitites vinum

G04 $915

Lotus fativa Lotus fyluettris Lupinus Lupinus fylueftris Lychnis cotonaria

4,111 4 tht 25132 25133 39114

Melomelhi Memphites lapis Mendefium

§929 5158 172 34! 342

Lychnis fyluc(tris

3,115

Menta fatiua ; Menta (ylueftris Mercutualis

Lycium

1,132

Mefpilus

45191 131695170

688

INDEX.

Metalla 584 Merallicum atramentit 5,118 Metopium Meum Milium

1571 13 2119

Millefolium

45115

Millepedz Mify

237 $9117

Molibdzna Moly Morochthus lapis Mullus

§stoo 3354 $152 Dba |

Multum

516

Mures

2574

Nafcaphthum

122

Nafturtium Nedtarites vinum Netion Nitri fpuma

2,185 5:66 458 §o131

Nitrum Nuces avellanz

§213,0 L179

Nuces iuglandes Nymphza

1,178 3,148,649

Ochra

5 108

Ocimaftron Ocimini prxparatio Ocimoides

4528 1,59 4528

Ocimum Oenagra

217k 4-118

Mutia

5.128

Mus araneus

2573

Mufculi Mufcus

257 1,20

Oenanthe 39135596 Oenanthini confectio 1,56

Mufcus marinus

499

Mattela domeftica

2,27

Oenanthinum vinum — 5,33 Ocfypus 2,84 Olea 1,138

Myagros

45117

My ofatis

2,214

Mytica Myriophyllon Myrcrha Myrcha Beotica

1,116 4yI1S 1,77 1,78

Olez fylueftris oleum 1,140 Oleafter

1,137

Oleum balaninum Olevm candidum

1, 40 1532

Oleum amygdalinum

1,39

565

Oleum caryinum

1,41

Myrthis Myrfinites vinum Mytteum vinum

4,116 §237 $936

Oleum cicinum Oleum cnicinum

1,38 1144

Oleum commune

1,30

Myctidanum

1,156

Oleum Gnidicum

1, 43

e Myrrha vinum

Myrtus Myctus fylueftris

Mytali

15155 4146

257 N

Naphtha 1,101 Narciflinum 1,63 Narciffus 4.161 Nardinum vnguentum 1,75

e Nardo Celtica vinum 5,67 e Nardo fylueftri vinum 5,69 e Nardo Syriaca vinum 5,67 Nardus

1,6

Nardus Celrica

“7

Nardus montana

1,8

Oleum hyofcyaminum 1,42 Oleumltaurinum 1,49 Oleum lentifcinum 1,50 Oleum maftichinum Oleummelanthinum Oleum myrtinum Oleuinomphacinum

Oleum Oleum Oleum Oleum Oleum Oleum

Olyra

so 51 1, 46 1,48 1,29

rhaphaninum 14, 45 fefaminum 1,41 Sicyonium 1,33 finapinum Ly 47 fylucttris olive 1,31 terebinthinuim 1,50

ere

1 N2D- ETS. Omotarichos

Rats

Omphacites vinum Omphacium Omphacomeli

552 $06 §,31

Paronychia Parthenium Paftinaca Paftinaca marina

3533

689 454 3095 3.59 2522

Pedicalaris herba

49156

Onobrychis

35170

Peplis

45169

Onofma Onyx

35147 2510

Peplos

4168

Pepo

2,164

Onttis

Ophites lapis Orchis

5.162 35141,142

Oreofelinon Origanites vinum Origanum

3576 §> 61 g 732

Origanum fylueftte

3,34

Periclymenon

414

Periftereon

4,60

Perfea Perfonata

1,187 45107

Perafites Petrofelinum

4,108 3377

2,174 25172

Peucedanum Phalangium

Oryza*

2,117

Ofyris

45143

Phalaris Phafiolus Phillyrea Pheeniceaherba

3) 92. 3,122 35159 24130 1,12

Ornithogalon Orobanche

Otlifcagus

2,58

Oftraciies lapis Othonna Oui candidum Ooum Oxalme Oxymelt Pp Pzonia Paliarus

5165 a5 713 2.55 2554 § 23 oe)

Palma

1,148

Palme elare Palme Thebaicz Palmeum vinum

1,150 1149

Panaces Panaces Afclepij Panaces Chironium Panacites vinum Pancratium

3,17 ae ea

f> 40

3556 3356 — 3357 §972 24203

Panicum Papaver cornurum Papauer erraucum Papaver fariunm

25020 4:66 4:64 4:65

Papauer {pumeum Papauer fylueftre Papyrus

4,67 4165 Ih1'§

Paralius

416§

4943

Phrvgius lapis

pt4r

Pherhorium vinum

Phu Phylliris Phyllon Phyteuma

§977

1,10 3,121 3,140

Picatum vinum Picinum oleum Picis liquide fuligo

49130 5°48 195 1,96

Pingue aromatibus

ve im-

buator Pinus 1,86 é Pipere vinum Piffafphaltum Piftacia Pityides

2591 Piper 25189 565 1,100 S70 1,87

Pityufa

Pix liquida Pix (pifla,fiue arida

4166

1,94 L97

Plantago Platanus

2,193 1,107

Platyphyllastithym.

4.165

Plumbago Plumbartus lapis Plumbi lorura

§2100 598 $995

690 Plumb: fcoria

Plumbum vitum Pmgitis terra

INDEX. 5997 Radix Idea Radix Rhodia $996 §9'77

Polemonia

458

4044 4245 2,28 2,206

Ranz Ranunculus

Polium Polycnemon

3124 3,108

Rapum

2) 34

Rapum fylueftre

25135

Polygala

45142

Rafilis zrugo

$991

Recrementum ferri

594

Refina lentifcina

1,90

Plygonatum

46

Polygonon foemina Poly gonon mas Polypodium Pompholyx

4 434 45188 5°85

Refinz variz 92 Refing vrendz modus,eits-

Populus alba

1,109

Refinatum yinum

Populus nigra

1,113

Porrum Portulaca Portulaca fylueftris

25179 2,150 25161

Poramogeton

4,101

Poterium

B17

Prafices vinum Propolis

5958 2,106

Prunus Pfeudobunium

1,174 4125

que fuligo

1,93

Rha

$243 3,2

Rhamnus

1119

Rhaphanus

25137

Rhodites vinum Rhoites vinum

5°35 5934

Rhus

1,147

Ricinus

4:164

Rofa

31,1306

Rofacei preparatio Rofei pafblli

1,53 1,131

Pfeudodi&amnum

3.38

Rubia

Pforicum

(oe

Rubigo ferci

3) 60

Pfyllium Ptarmica é Pulegio vinum

4970 25192 5,62

Rubricafabrilis

5993 got

Rubrica Sinopica

gout

Rubus canis

1,123 4937

Pulegium

3336

Rubus

Pulmo marinus

2539

Rubus Idzus

Pulmo fuillus Pulmo vulpinus

2540 2,41

Rumex

25140

Rufcus

4,146

Pumex Purpura

§o125 2,4

Ruta

4,38

3052

Ruta fylueftris

39§3

S

Pycnocomon

45176

Pyrethrum Pyrites lapis

3,86 $9143

Sabina

1104

Saccharum

2104

Pyrum

1,167

Sagapenum

3H

Pyrum fylueftre

1,168

Sal é Salis fore vinum

$126 $975

Quercus Quinquefolium

1,142 442

Salis flos

§9129

Salis fpuma

§0127

Salamandra

2,67

R Radicula

Radicula fylueftris

251379193

2,138

Saliuaris herba

386

Salix

1,136

Salfugo

Saluia é Saluiavinum Sambucus

i N-b;

EUxX

§2128

Seris

$5.40 574 4174

Sambucus humilis

4.175

Samia terra

ol72

691 2,160

Serpyllum Sertula Campana Serum lactis

3946 3548 2576

Sefamoides magnum Sefamoidesparuum

4,152 — 45153

Samius lapis 50173 Sampfuchinicdpofitio 1,58 Samptuchum 3.47

Sefamum Sefeli Athiopicum Sefeli Maftilienfe

2,121 3564 3,60

Sandaracha

p.122

SefeliPeloponnenfe

3,62

Sanguis

2,97

Seuum bubulum

2589

Sapphicus lapis

sas7

Sarcocolla

3.99

Sarmentitius cinis

5,135‘

Satytium Satyriumerythronid

3,143 3,144

Scammonia

4.171

Scammonitesvinum — ;,83 2,168 Scandix 5 14s Schittus Bt yor) Scilla $25 Scillinum acerum

Seuum hircind, ouillum, 8¢ ceruinum

Sideritis

Silique Silphium

2,71

Sium

Sciflilis lapis

$145

Smaris

Scolecia zrugo Scolopendra

692 2,16

Smilax afpera Smilax horcenfis

Scoly mus Scordium Scoria argenti

3,6 325 sior

dmilax lauis Smytis Smyrnium

5994 $97 25183

Scoria ferri Scotia plumbi Scordoprafon Scorpio terreftris

Pe

1,158 3594 2726

Silurus

Sifymbrium

Scincus

4133934035

Silybum Simapi Sinopicarubrica Oller Sifon

5.26

Scillinum vinum

2,88

49159 25184 go Tt 2,139 364 251552156

2,154 2,30

4, 44 2,176 45145 §9166 3979

Solanum halicacabum 4,72 471 Solanum hortenfe fufive manicum, Solanum riale

4°74

4,73

Scorpioides

4.195

Solanum fomnificum

Scorpius marinus Selenites lapis

2414 50159" 574 $176

Solarisherba maior Solez veteres

4189

Sparganium

4,21

Sparuum

45158

Selinites vinum Selinufia terra Semperuiuum

magnu

Semperuiuum paruum 4,90

Semperuiuum cettium 4,91 4.97. Senecio Sepia

Seps

2523

2,70

Sonchus Sorba 1,173

Sphondylium Spinaacuta Spina alba

Spina Arabica

4193 2551

25159

Sory §2119

3290 1122 3014

3916

692 Spodi fuccedanea Spongiz

Spongiarumlapides

INDExX. 4986 Terra Cimolia 52138 Terra Eretria

—_§,163

Spuma argenti Spuma marisarida Spuma nitri

§2102 §2127 §o131

Spuma falis

§9127

Squama zris

§>89

SquamaStomomatis

5,90

Stacte Stachys

1,73 3,120

Scaphifagria

49156

Subiom Stabe

9999 4512

§220 4598

5952 3531

Theacius lapis

$9147

Thuris cortex Thuris fuligo

1,82 1,34

Thuris manna

1,83

5.90 4,102

1534

Strigmenta gymnafiord 1,36

Stugmentapalaftrica

1,35

Strobili

1,38

Srobilites yinum

Thalaffomeli Thalietrum

4> ‘$7

Stratiotes millefolius 4,103 Sctrigmentaabalneis

§2178 Z14ly142 3111

47187 2,186

Steechadites vinum

Stratiotes

Teftz Tefticulus Teucrium

Thelypteris Thlafpt

—553

Stomoimatis [quama_

$917! §9'79 §o1'3 5180 §°177 §t72 35175

fornacum Lemnia Melia Pnigitis Samia Selinufia

Thapfia

Steechaditesacetum Sctachas

Terra Terra Terra Terra Terra Terra

$9176

5944

Thus Thyites lapis Thymbra Thymbritesvinum

1,81 §ol54 3345 — 5,60

Thymelza

43173

Thymelaites vinum Thymites vinum Thymoxalme Thymum Tithy mali

5,78 $2 §o24 3.44 4165

Tithymalusfoemina

4,165

Symphytum petrzd 4,9,10 48

Tordylium Torpedo Tragacantha

3263 2517 Boreas

Talus fuillus

Tragium

Struthium Styrax Sulphur

Sufini compofitio

25193 179 $124

1,62

Sutorium atramentum 4,114

eSycomorisvinum Sycomorus

Tamarix Taxus Tclephium

= 5,42 1,181 2,62 1,116 4,80 e217

454950

Tragoriganites vinum

5,55

Tragoriganum

3235

Telling 2,8 Terebinthinum vinum 5,39

Trichomanes

Terebincthus Terra

1,91 $2170

Tripolium

Triflago

Tragus 4,51 4015 45137 39123 45135 3112

Terra ampelitis Terra Chia

§2181 $2174

Triticum Tuber

2,107 25175

Telinicompohitio

1,67

Tragos 2,115 Tribulus

Trifolium

Tuffilago Typba

I ND 3,126 33133

E_X: Vinum lenti(cioum Vinum mandragorites

693 5:38 5,8:

Vinum marathrites Vinum melittes Vinum ex myrrha

5°79 $915 5°55

Vinum myrfinites

§937

Veratrum album Veratrum nigtum Verbafcum

41150 411 43104

Verbenaca recta Verbenaca fupina

4.60 4561

Vinum myrteum §936 Vinumé nardo Celtica 5,67

Vermes terreni 2572 Vettonica 4,1 Vini natura pro ztatis ratio-

Vinuu, é nardo fylueftrs 5,69

ne 4,coloris 5,8. pro fapo-

rum, eorumg; quzilli mi{centur, differétias,9. pro locord differétia 5,10. pro

Vinum é nardo Sytiaca 5,67 Vinum nectarites Vinoum enanthinum

{4.66 — 5,33

Vinum origanites 961 Vinum palmeum — 4,39, 40 Vinum panacites

§o72

Vinum phthonum Vinum picatum

§77 5248

Vinum ¢ pipere

5:55

5249

Vinum ptalites Vinum € pulegio

Vinum anethinum §275 Vinum apite {532 Vinu aqua marina fai 5,27

5958 $062 $943

Vinum rhodites Vinum rhoites

Viaum atomatites

§96 +

Vinum € faluia

Vinum afarites Vinum ¢ betonica Vinum bunites

5268 $954 §9§6

Vinum (ammonites

—_5,83

Vinum fcillinum

$226

Vinum écalamintha

5,62

vini generum facultate ¢,11

Vinum abortiuum

Vinum exabrotono Vinum abfinthites

Vinum acorites Vinum adynamum

5977

5,62

§73 §713

Vinum catoichites

§941

Vinum cedrinum Vinum cedrites

5244 9947

Vinumchamedryites 4,51 Vinum chamezpityioum 5,80 Vinum chamelaices

§: 9

Vinum conyzites

$953

Vinum refinatum Vinum é falis lore

$935 §934 §»75 §o7L

Vinum fecundarium — 513 Vinum felinites 974 Vinum ftaechadites = 552 Vinum ftrobilttes

044

Vinuméfycomoris Vinum terebiathinum

542 4,39

Vinum thymbrites

5:60

Vinumthymelaites Vinum thy mites

—5,78 $259

Vioum cydonites Vinum daucites Vinum dictamnites

528 §979

Vinum elleborites

5082

122

Vinumn hy flopites

§259

Vipera

2,18

Vinum ex itide 5265 Vinum iuniperinum — §946

Vifcus

3103

Vinu élabrufca exprefsi 5,14 Vinumé malabathro —_ 5,67

Vitis alba Vitis nigra

547

Vinum tragoriganites

Violaalba

5,55

3,138

Viola nigra feu purpurea 4,

Vitex

1,135

4,184 41185

694 Vitis fylueftris Vitis vinifera Vimus

INDEX. 4,183. §,2 fot

$73 494

1,1It

Vmbilicus Veneris 4,92,93 Vnguentorum compofitio 1,62 Vnguis

Vua

Vua paffa Xanthium

4138

Xipbion Xyris

4,20 4522

2510

Vngule afinorum

2544

Zea

Vngule caprine

2,46

2,190 2,109

Vrina

2399

Zingiber Zopifla

Vetica

4294

Zythum

2,1

1,98

SUPPLEMENTAL

INDEX

The numbers refer to the Chapters of the several Books I-5.

Acaluphe 4. 94 Acantha 3. I4-15 Acanthoda 3. 10-25, 4. 159 Accipenser 3. 102 Achillea 4. 59 Acorus I. 17

Acte 4. 174 Aeizoon 4. 89-91 Agnus-castus I. 135 Agrostis 4. 30 Aigeiros I. I13 Ajuga 3. 175-6 Alexanders 3. 78 Alkanet 4. 23 Allium 3. 54

Almond 1. 176 Alum 5. 123 Amanus Mt. 3. 63, 79 Amaracum 3. 155 Amber 2. 100 Ampelos 4. 183

Amyris I. 23, 77 Andrachne 2. 150-1 Andreas p. I Anthemis 3. 156 Antimony sulphide 5. 99 Aplysia 2. 20 Apple I. 159 Arabia Thurifera 1. 81 Arabic stone 5. 149 Arkeuthis I. 103

Arnoglosson 2. 153 Arum 2. 196-7 Asbestos 5. 133, 156 Asparagus 2. 152 Asphaltos 1. 99 Asplenium 4. 137 Ass 2. 42, 44 Astragalus 4. 18, 141-2 Autumn Crocus 4. 84 Axe weed 3. 146 Azurite 5. 105 Balm 3. 118 Barley 2. 108 Barley water 2. 109 Basil 2. 171 Bassus p. I Batos 4. 37 Batrachion 2. 206 Bean 2. 127 Beaver 2. 26 Bechion 3. 126 Bee-glue 2. 106 Beeswax 2. 105 Beetles 2. 65-6 Betonica 4. I Bitumen 5. 146 Blood 2. 97 Boar 2. 47 Brassica 2. 134 Brathus I. 104

696

SUPPLEMENTAL

Bruon I. 20, 4. 99 Bryony 4. 184-5 Bug 2. 36 Bulrush 3. 133 Butter 2. 81 Buttercup 2. 206 Blacking 5. 118 Blite 2. 143

Cabbage 2. 146-7 Calamine 5. 84 Calamus I. 114 Calcium chloride 5. 137 Caper 2. 204 Cardamon 2. 185 Capnos 4. IIO Carob 1. 158 Carrot 3. 59 Carthago 3. 69 Caterpillar 2. 64 Celandine 2. 211-12 Celery 3. 74 Celtis I. 171 Cerastes 2. 121, 137 Cerinthe 2. 217 Ceterach 3. 151 Chalk 5. 150 Chamaerops I. 149 Chamaicissus 4. 126 Charlock 2. 138 Cheese 2. 79 Cheiranthus 3. 138 Cherry I. 157 Chervil 2. 168 Chian Earth 5. 174 Chick pea 2. 126 Cirsium 4. 163 Cissos 2. 210 Citrus I. 164-5 Clay 5. 177 Cinquefoil 4. 42 Coccumelia I. 174 Cockroach 2. 38 Colla 3. 101

INDEX

' Colocyntha 2. 162 | Coltsfoot 3. 126, 4. 108 Coluber 2. 18

| Conium 4. 79 | Convolvulus 4. 13-14, 145, I7I Copper 5. 87-9 Copper carbonate 5. 105 Copper ore 5. I15 Copper pyrites 5. 143

| Copperas 5. 117 Copperas-water 5. II4 | Corcoros 2. 209 Coriander 3. 71 | Corydalis 4. 121 Cotyledon 4. 92-3 Coubarides 2. 37 Crabs 2. 12 Cranocolopta 1. 187 Crateuas p. I, I. 28 Crateuas

quoted

3. 6, 2. 186,

2. 199, 4. 35, 75 Cress 2. 185 Crinon 3. 116 Cromuon 2. 181

Croton 4. 164 Cucumber 2. 162 Cucumis 4. 178 Culices 3. 26

Cuscuta 4. 179 Cynocephalion 4. 133 Cynomorium I. 127 Cynosbaton I. 123 Cytisus I. 19 Dakrua I. 77 Damson I. 174 Daphne 1. 106, 4. 147-8, 172-3 Darnek27 122 Datura 4. 74 | Daubeny’s List pp. 663-79 Daucus 3. 59, 83

Delphinium 4. 156 Dicaearchia 5. 102 | Dill 3. 67

SUPPLEMENTAL Diodotus p. I Diospyrus I. 129 Dittany 3. 37 Diver 2. 50 Dock 2. 140-1 Dodder 2. 172 Dog 2. 49 Dog-wood I. 172 Donax I. 114 Doronicum 4. 77 Drus I. 142 Diyc0b L112 Duckweed 4. 88 Dung 2. 98 Eagle-stone 5. 161 Earth 5. 170 Echidne 2. 18 Echinops 4. 17 Eduosmos 3. 41-2

Eggs 2. 54-5 Elate I. 150 Elecampane I. 27, 3. 57 Elelisphakon 3. 40 Elephant 2. 61 iDiiemo gee Enalia Drus, p. 600

Endive 2. 160 Eretrian Earth 5. 171 Erigeron 4. 97 Euphorbia 4. 165-170, 177 Euzomon 2. 170 Fats 2. 84-95 Fats see Adeps Fennel 3. 81 Fenugreek 2. 124 Ferula 3. 55, 87, 91, 94-8 Feverwort 3. 9 Fig 1. 181-6 Fish soup 2. 35 Hlax 2.125 Fowls 2. 52-3 Frankincense I. 81

INDEX

Frogs 2. 28 Fuligo 1. 84-5 Furnace Earth 5. 179 Gale 2. 27 Galena 5. 100 Galium 3. 104 Gall 2. 95 Gallus quoted 3. 6 Garlic 2. 182 Ginger 2. 190 Gladiolus 4. 20 Glechon 3. 36 Goat 2. 46 Goat’s-beard 2. 173 Gongulis 2. 134 Goodyer 3. 138 Grapes 5. 3 Grass 4. 30 Grasshopper 2. 56 Groundsel 4. 97 Gums I. 77 et seq.

Gypsum 5. 134, 153 Haematite 5. 144 Halicacabum 4. 72-3 Hartshorn 2. 63 Hate 2a Hart’s tongue 3. 121 Hatchett, C. 5. 158 Hazel nut I. 179 Helix 2211 Hellebore 4. 150-2, p. 4 Hemlock 4. 79 Hemp 3. 165 Henbane 4. 69 Henna I. 124 Hexaclides p. I Hierapolis 3. 29

Hippuris 4. 5, 46 Hollyhock 2. 144 Honey 2. 101 Honey-stone 5. I5I

Hordeum 4. 43

697

698

SUPPLEMENTAL

INDEX

Horehound 3. 119 Horse 2. 45 Horsetail 4. 5 Hounds-tongue 4. 129 Houseleek 4. 89-90 Hydroid 3. 150

Lentil 2. 129 Lentiscus I. 177 Lepus 2. 21 Lettuce 2. 165-6 Leuke 1. 109 Leukoion 3. 138 Lilium 3. 137

Ierobotane 4. 61 Ilex 4. 80 Indigo 5. 107 Ink 5. 183 Ink-stone 5. I19 Inula 3. 136, I. 27 Iolas p. I Ion 4. 122 Ionia 2. 6 Iris 4. 22 Iron 5. 93-4 Isinglass 3. 102 Isis coral 5. 139 Itea r. 136

Linaria 4. 40 Lipari 5. 124 Litharge 5. 102

Ixos 3. 103

Jasper 5. 160 Jelly-fish 2. 39 Juglans 1. 178 Junket 2. 77 King-fisher castings 5. 136 Krambe 2. 146-8 Krimnon 2. 112

Lizards 2. 69-71 Load-stone 5. 148 Locust 2. 57 Lotus 2. 158 iLucerm2 077, Lungs 2. 40 Lupin 2. 132-3 Lupus 2. 68

Mace I. I10 Madder 3. 160 Maenae 2. 200 Malache 2. 144 Malachite 5. 104 Mallow 2. 144 Malva 3. 164 Mandrake 4. 76, p, 662 Manna I. 83 Marathron 3. 81 Marrow 2. 94 Marsh Mallow 3. 163 Masters, Maxwell p. 661

Lanolin 2. 84 Lapis Lazuli 5. 157 Lark 2. 59 Laserpitium 3. 58 Lathyrus 2. 178, 3. 158 Lavender 3. 31 Lead 5. 95-8 Lead, white 5. 203 Leather 2. 51 Leek 2: 179 Lemna 4. 88 Lemnian Earth 5. 113

Mastich 1. 89 Meal 2. 114 Mecon 4. 64-7 Medicago 4. 113 Melia 1. 108 Melian Earth 5. 180 Melissa 3. 118 Melon 2. 163 Mercurialis 4. I9gI Mercury 5. I10 Metals 5. 84 Micromeria 3. 45

SUPPLEMENTAL Milk 2. 75 Millet 2. 119 Mistletoe 3. 103 Mouse 2. 74

Mulberry 1. 180 Mullein 4. 104 Murex 2. 4 Muriophyllon 4. 115 Mustard 2. 142, 184 Mycetes 4. 83 Myrrh I. 77 Myrrhis I. 116 Myrtle I. 155

Narce 2. 17 Nelumbium 2. 128 Nepeta 3. 43 Nereis 2. 16 Nicander 3. 34 Niceratus p. I Niger p. I Night-shade 4. 71 Nuphar 3. 149

Oak galls 1. 146 Oats 2. 116 Ochre 5. 108 Ocimum 3. 50 Oenanthe 3. 86 Oenothera 4. 118 Oils 1. 29 et seq. Ointments I. 52 et seq Oleander 4. 82 Olive I. 137-141 Olive oil 1. 30 Omphacitis 1. 146 Onion 2. 181 Ononis 3. 21 Opopanax 3. 55 Orpiment 5. 121 Orach 2. 145 Origanum 3. 30-7 Orobos 2. 131 Ossifrage 2. 58

INDEX

| Oxyacantha I. 122 Oysters, fossil, 5. 165 Palm 1. 148 Palmyra I. 37 Parietaria 4. 86-7 Parnassia 4. 32 Parsley 3. 76 Pastinaca 2. 139 Pea 2. 178 Peganon 3. 52-3 Pelius Mt. 3. 57 Pennyroyal 3. 36 Pepon 2. 164 Pepper 2. 189 Perdikion 4. 86 Periwinkle 4. 7 Persis 1. 187 Personata 4. 107 Petronius p. I Peuke 1. 86 Phakos 2. 129 Phlomos 4. 104 Phragmites I. 114 Physalis 4. 72 Pig Z,.62 Pimpernel 2. 209

Pine cones 1. 88 Pinus 4. 166 Pistacia I. 9I Pitch 1. 94 Pitch-oil I. 95 Plane tree I. 107 Plantago 4. 70 Plantain 2. 153, 4. 134 Pommegranate I. 151-4 Pompion 2. 164 Poplar I. 109-13 Poppies 4. 64-6 Porcupine 2. I Potentilla 4. 42 Pot-herbs 2. 124-78 Prasion 3. I19 Prason 2. 179

699

700

SUPPLEMENTAL

Psoralea 3. 123 Pteris 4. 186-7 Pulegium 3. 43 Pumice 5. 125 Pumice with alum 5. 141 Punica I. 151 Puron’ 2, 212 Purslane 2. 151 Puteoli 5. 102 Pyrethrum 3. 155 Pyrus 1. 159-68 Quercus 4. 48 Quicklime 5. 133 Quince I. 160

INDEX

Santolina 3. 132

Saprotes I. 112 Sarmentian ash 5. 135 Saturela 3. 45 Savory 3. 45 Saxiphragum 4. I5B Schinos 1. 89 | Schoinos I. 16, 4. 52

| Scilla 4. 63 Scolopendrium 3. I2I Scorodon 2. 182 Scorpion 2. 13 Sea Buckthorn 4. 162 Sea foam 5. 127 Sea-hare 2. 20 Sea-horse 2. 3

Radish 2. 137 Raisins 5. 4 Raphanus 2. 137-8 Realgar 5. 122 Red ochre 5. 112 Rennet 2. 85 Retinasphaltum 5. 158 Rhamnus I. 132 Rhubarb 3. 2

Rice 2. 117 Rice-wheat 2. III Rocket 2. 170 Roots 3. I-23 Osage 23 Rosemary 3. 89 Rubia 3. 160 Rupos I. 34-6

Ruscus 4. 132, 146-7, 149 Rush 4. 52

Saffron 4. 85 Sage 3. 40 Salers. 120 Saltpetre 5. 128 Salvia 4. 105 Samphire 2. 157 Sand 5. 167

Sanfoin 3. 170

Sea-urchin 2. 2 Sea-urchin spines 5. 155 Securigera 3. 146 Sedum 4. 90 Selenite 5. 159 Selinone2.. 20093474 Service tree I. 173 Sesame 2. I2I Seseli 3. 88 Sharp-herbs 2. 179-217 Shepherd’s-purse 2. 186 Shrew-mouse 2. 73 Sibthorpe p. 663 Sikus 4. 152 Silver dross 5. IOI Sinope earth 5. I1I Sion 2. 154 Snakes 2. 18-19 Snakestone 5. 162 Snapdragon 4. 133 Sneezewort 2. 192 Soapstone 5. 152

Soapwort 2. 193 Soda 5. 129 Soot 5. 182 Southernwood 3. 29, 128 Sow-thistle 2. 159 Sphaeritis 3. 54

SUPPLEMENTAL Spider 2. 68 Sponge 5. 138 Stachys 3. 108 Staphulinos 3. 59 Starch 2. 123 Sting-ray 2. 22 Stock 3. 138 Stonecrop 4. 181 Strombus 2. 10 Struchnon 4. 72-4 Sugar 2. 104 Sulphur 5. 124 Sumach I. 147 Swallow 2. 60 Tarentum 3. 68 Teazel 3. 13

Teucrium 3. 124-5 Teutlon 2. 149 Thelphusa 2. 12 Thermos 2. 132, 133 Thistles 3. 10-22 Thracian stone 5. 147 Thridax 2. 165-6 Thyine-wood I. 21 Thyme 3. 44 Torpedo 2. 17 Trachinus 2. 15 Trefoil 2. 158 Trifolium 3. 48-9, 4. 17, III Trigla 2. 24 Triphullon 3. 123 iruitie 2.175 Trygon 2. 22 Tunny 2. 33

INDEX

| Turnip 2. 134 Turquoise 5. 154 Tutsan 3. 173 Tutty 5. 120 Urine 2. 99 | Usnea I. 20

Valeriana 1. 7-8, 10 Veratrum 4. 150 Verdigris 5. QI Vervain 4. 60-1 Vetch 2. 131 Vine 4. 183, 5. I-5 Violet 4. 122 Wallflower 3. 138 Walnut 1. 178 Water-lily 3. 148 Weasel 2. 27 Wheat 2. 107, 112,123

Whelk 2. 5 Whetstone 5. 168 Whey 2. 76 Willow 1. 136 Willow-weed 3. 139 Wines 5. 7-83 | Wine lees 5. 132 | Woad 2. 215 | Wool 2. 82 Worms 2. 72 | Yarrow 4. 115

Zizyphus I. 121

701

_ Mary Baldwin College MARTHA

STACKHOUSE

,

GRAFTON LIBRARY

220

308097

STAUNTON, VA 24401 540-887-7085

DATE DUE

Diosc of

herbal GreekThe Pedanius Diosc

1968 .D65 R126 LIBRARY COLLEGE BALDWIN MARY

7