The Geometrical Tolerancing Desk Reference: Creating and Interpreting ISO Standard Technical Drawings 0750668210, 9780750668217, 9780080460857

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The Geometrical Tolerancing Desk Reference Creating and Interpreting I S 0 Standard Technical Drawings

Paul Green IEng MIED IngEurEta European Commission Oficial Engineering Designer

AMSTERDAM BOSTON HEIDELBERG LONDON NEW YORK *OXFORD

PARIS SAN DIEGO

ELSEVIER

SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO Ncwnes is an imprint of Eltcvicr

~ewnes

Newnes An imprint of Elsevier Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 30 Corporate Drive, Burlington, MA 01803 First published 2005 Copyright O 2005, Paul Green. All rights reserved The right of Paul Green to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England WIT 4LP. Applications for the copyright holder's written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publisher Permissions may be sought directly kom Elsevier's Science and Technology Rights Dcpartmcnt in Oxford, UK:phonc: (+44) (0) 1865 843830; &:( 2 4 ) (0)?865 853333; e-mail: p&ssion's@else~er.co.uk You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier Science homepage (http://www.elsevier.com), by selecting 'Customer Support' and then 'Obtaining Permissions'

British Library Cataloguing in PublicationData A catalogue record for this book is available finm the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguingin Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available fiom the Library of Congress ISBN 0 7506 6821 0 For information on all Newnes publications visit our website at http://newnespress.com Printed and bound in Great Britain

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PART 1 Introduction and how to use this book

8 The Georn&leal Tderaneing tMc Rehenee

Step 3 Read the

page m r m k in go to next.

-

step 3

Step 4 Read t h e p a g e ~ m e x p l a n a t m o f y o u r ~ ~ t o ~ a n d h o w ~ s p p I your yitto drawing.

** How ta apply

the tolwance to your drawing *

Do nOt aO1R fhis information on

The tolerance shown and explained 3D)

Quick snmmnry reference b o ~

The tolermw shown in front and Gde

12 The GwrnrdrW Tderanclng Desk Referenat

step 4 R e d t h e d ~ p a g e ~ t o g o t o ~

Step 5 Read the page for an expWm ofyour s e k b d toI-e.

your drawing *

This infarm* will not appmr on the drawing (it is for explanation only]

The tolerance shown and explained 3D)

The tolermw shown in front and Gde

PART 2 Key aspects of geometrical tolerancing

PART 3 Geometrical tolerancing examples

GEOMETRICAL TOLERANCING EXAMPLES

19

2- Tolerance zone baa been abbmhted to Tol. zone @mwghrta e d m 19)

88 The GeorneMcalToleranclng Desk R e f e m

Axis ~f the Q8 hole

Tolerance zone t o be inclined

Geometrical tolerancho examples

a

70 The GeorneMcalToleranclng Desk R e f e m

Geometrical toleranting examples 71

72 The GeorneMcalToleranclng Desk R e f e m

Geometrical Zolemncing rimmples 73

74 The GeorneMcalToleranclng Desk R e f e m

Tolerance zane t o be inclined

What is constrained

4

Tolerance zone

Size of tol, zone

2 concentric circles 2 coaxial cylinders

2 parallel planes

% 0

04 Paralleleplped

@ 9

0.01 0.02 0.03

0.1 0.15 0.2

0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08

0.25

0.3

zf

0.35

0.4 0.45

Tol, zone positioned

Axes

Lines Mean axis Median plane Inclined a t 55" to datum Plane A Pal

d

76 The GeorneMcalToleranclng Desk R e f e m

to the datum axis A

Geometrical tolemncing emmples 77

Parallelepiped Circular element of a surface

4

Conical section

@

0.07

0.4

0

0.OU 0.09

0.45 0.5

8

J

78 The GeorneMcalToleranclng Desk R e f e m

Geometdcal toleranclng cmramples 79

Measured normal

Parallelepiped Circular element of a surface

J

Conical section

@

0.07

8

0.0U 0.09

8

0.4 0.45 0.5

To be at 90' to datum plane A J

80 The GeorneMcalToleranclng Desk R e f e m

One complete revolution

Geometrical toleranting examples 81

Example: Cra 7

Tolerance zone axis

ne camplete revolution

I

What is constrained

I

Tolerance zone

Size of tol. zone

82 The GeorneMcalToleranclng Desk R e f e m

Example: Cro 8

FIM {full indicator movement] t o not

What is constrained Axis Circumference Edge Line Median plane Point Profile Surface Circular element of a surface

Tolerance zone

2 concentric circles 2 coaxial cylinders 2 lines 2 parallel planes Circle Cylinder Parallelepiped Sphere Conical section

@ 0

@

0

8 If

Size of tol. zone

0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.01 0.0s 0.09

0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5

Tol. zone axis Must coincide with datum axis 0 Axes

Line Lines Mean axis Median plane To be at 90' t o datum plane A J

Geometrical Zolemncing rimmples 83

84 The GeorneMcal Toleranclng Desk R e f e m

Example: Coa 1

019 0.04

[

*-*

]@

Implied datum Ino datum call outl, Now regarded as an old drawing standard. Shown for reference to drawings prepared to earlier standards.

g0.04 cylinder1

s. m o

1

,------

c

A+

P

a

--I--------

\

-8

86 The GeorneMcalToleranclng Desk R e f e m

Geometrical blerancing examples 87

88 The Geometrleal Toleranclrg Desk Referenea

-

Any cross-section (ACS)

Geometdcal toleranclng cmramples 8!3

Example: Cyl 1

I Tolerance zone

i M u s t lie between the two coaxial cylinders)

C

Sphere

I

I

90 The Geometrleal Toleranclrg Desk Referenea

12

1010,

Example: Fla 1

o 41

-

------

I-@ I

Surf ace

I

-

@ I

(Two parallel planes)

I

92 The Geometrleal Toleranclrg Desk Referenea

Geometrical blerancing examples 93

94. The Geometrleal Toleranclrg Desk Referenea

W The Geometrleal Toleranclrg Desk Referenea

Geometrical blerancing examples 97

ga The Geometrleal Toleranclrg Desk Referenea

Example: Par 7

I

I

Tolerance zone=0.15

Surface of the feature

I

100 The Geometrical Tolerancing Desk Reference

r",

f'

2 ---

Tolerance zone=0.06 (Must lie between the two parallel lines and lie in a plane parallel t o datum 81

-1-111-11~-1-1-

u l - ~ e l - l e

--

a plane par,allel to dat.unplane 0

Geometrical toleranclng examples I03

104 The Geometrical Toleming Desk Rhrence

Geometrical toleranclng examples 105

108 The Geometrical Tolerancing Desk Reference

Geometrical toleranclng examples 1W

108 The Geometrical Tolerancing Desk Reference

Geometrical toleranclng emmples I09

1 10 The Geometrical Tolemirig Desk Reference

Example: Per 8

CPI

a

I

I

l - l i

I

[Two parallel planes)

What is constrained Axis Circumference Edge Line Median plane Point Profile Surface

4

Tolerance zone 2 concentric circles 2 coaxial cylinders 2 lines 2 parallel planes Circle Cylinder Parallelepiped Sphere

Size of tol, zone

10.01 @ 10.02 10.03 ~10.04 0 10.05 10.06 @ 10.07 0 10.08 10.09

-

0.1

0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5

Tol. zone positioned Axis A Axes Line Lines Mean axis Median plane Perpendicular t a the datum plane A Parallel to the datum plane B

!/, Geometrical folemncing examples 111

Example: Per 9

-\

--%

7

+ p1

I I

Axis af the 816 feature arallelplanes0.1apart nd the two parallel planes

T T Ifolerance zone

I

I

,R I

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

What is constrained Axis Circumference Edge Line Median plane Point Profile

4

Tolerance zone

Size of tol, zone

2 concentric circles 2 coaxial cylinders 2 lines 2 parallel planes (2x1 Circle 0 Cylinder Parallelepiped @

S

0

d

0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0,09

0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45

0,5

4 4

= I l l e l =

!

k l r l r l r ~ r ~ d

Tol, zone positioned Axis Axes Line Lines Mean axis Perpendicular to the datum plane A (Both pair5 of !Jlanesl

4

Perpendicular 10.2 wide) and parallel 4' 10.1 wide) to the datum plane B

1 12 The Geometrical Tolerancing Desk Reference

Tolerance zone 13x1

Parallelepiped

@ 0

0.07

0.4

0.00 0.09

0.45 0.5

Planes A and 0

Geometrical toleranclng emmples 113

Paint

\

The tolerance zane lies on this surface

/(Centre Toleranr~zone of the circle Is at the true position of the point1

1 14 The Geometrical Tolerancing Desk Reference

Parallelepiped

@

0.07

0

0.00 0.09

0.4 0.45

0.5

Planes A and B

Geometrical toleranclng emmples I15

What is constrained

Tolerance zone

4

2 concentric circles 2 coaxial cylinders

0

0 -

2 parallel planes

0

0.01 0.02 0.03

0.1 0.15 0.2

Axes

0.04

0.25

Lines

0.05

0.3

04 0.06 d Parallelepiped

@

0.07 0.08

0.35 0.4 0.45

Median plane Its axis is to be coincident with

116 The Geometrical Toleranclng Desk Relerenca

) *

"\

3 = ' #

Od5x0.1 parallelepiped tolerance zone (6x1 (Symmetrically disposed about the, exact true poslt~onof the hole axis I

== -E

0.15

16~1 {Tolerance zone]

UJ

N

Anis of the $6 hole 16x1

What is constrained

2 concentric circles 2 coaxial cylinders 2 lines 2 parallel planes Circle Cylinder Parallelepiped Sphere

Axis Circumference Edge Line Median plane Point Profile -

Surf

Cirum

ss-section

sizeof to[, zone

Tolerance zone

0 -

% 0

0.01 0.02 0.03

0.1 0.15 0.2

0.04 0.05 0.06

0.25 0.3

@ 4 0.01 8

0.0a 0.09

0.35 0.4

0.45 0.5

Tol. zone symmetrically disposed with respect to the datum

Axis Axes Line Lines Mean axis Median plane Planes A, B and C

-J

-

-

Geometrical toleranclng examples 117

1 18 The Geometrical Tolemirig Desk Reference

120 The Geometrical Tolemirig Desk Reference

The tolerance zone is at

The tolerance zone is at

122 The Geometrical Tolerancing Desk Reference

The tolerance zone is at any cross-section parallel to this plane and envelopes

Geometrical toleranclng examples 123

-----

Series o f 90,OS circles

with their centres on

The tolerance zone is at any cross-section parallel to this plane and envelopes

124 The Geometrical Toleranclng Desk Relerenca

The tolerance zone is at any cross-section parallel

to this plane and envelopes the 80.08 circles

Geometrical toleranclng examples 125

128 The Geometrical Tolemirig Desk Reference

Geometrical toleranclng examples 127

128 The Geometrical Tolemirig Desk Reference

Series of fl0.1 spheres with their centres on the theoretical surface

Geometrical toleranclng emmples

Example: Rou 1 Engraved line

00

CV

e

Tolerance zone 0.06 [Tolerance zone]

(Must lie between the two concentric circles]

130 The Geometrical Tolerancing Desk Reference

Geometrical folemncing examples 131

The tolerance zone is a t

I

132 The Geometrical Tolerancing Desk Reference

The tolerance zone is at the circumference o f a20 and perpendicular to the axis

Geometrical toleranclng emmples

134 The Geometrical Tolerancing Desk Reference

Example: Str 1

-10.04

0 i

Tolerance zone

Geometrical toleranclng emmples 135

Example: Str 2

--l@0,05

rD -

7

s

,

,

I n

X

P

-E

::

b--@

al

9

C 0

g

N

al Y C

m

L

a l

+ 0

+

60.05cylinder]

C

Sphere

I

z

138 The Geometrical Tolerancing Desk Reference

Geometrical toleranclng examples 137

Example: Str 4

--10.04

a

-rpl

h

k.

J!'

I

.i.,*

7

L-4

Tolerance zone=0.04 4

.e

Two straight lines

=

on any plane

::

e

l

-5 ---- -

1fi1

Any plane

What is constrained Axis Circumference Edge Line Median plane Point Profile Surface

Tolerance zone

4

2 concentric circles 2 coaxial cylinders 2 lines 2 parallel planes Circle Cylinder Parallelepiped Sphere

Size of tot, zone 0.01

0.1

@

0.02 0.03

0.15 0.2

%

0.04

0.25

0

0.05 0.06

@ 0

0.07

0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5

=4

0.08 0.09

Where,does the tolerance zone Ile Axis Axes Line Lines Mean axis Median plane On any plane

4

138 The Geometrical Toleranclng Desk Relerenca

Example: Str 5

I

m

-6 UI

C

-.--------

The tolerance zone can be at any position

Geometrical toleranclng examples 139

Axis of the feature

140 The Geometrical Toleranclng Desk Relerenca

Example: Str 7

--1@0,04 f

rlr Obsolete I#

4

2 % al C 0

N

aJ U C

rn L

aJ + 0

+

(Must lie in the @0.04 cylinder)

-r

142 The Geormkical Talemncing Desk Referenee

Example: Sym 1

z10.04[~-~

@9

-

I

/

G

I I

b

I

I ~ l m . l ~ l @ ~ n l ~ l n l -

l

:a 1-1-

UJ

I

Tolerance zone

4

-g I=

~ w parallel a planes

Axis Circumference Edge Line Median plane Point Profile Surface

= aI

4

-

1 What is constrained

EN

2 concentric circles 2 coarial cylinders 2 lines 2 parallel planes Circle Cylinder Parallelepiped Sphere

size

10.01 @ 10.02 - 10.03 410.04 0 10.05 10.06 @ 10.07 0 l0.08 10.09

of

4

tolazone

0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45

0.5

ToI. zone positioned symmetrically

with respect to the datum Axis Axes Line Lines Mean axis Median plane A-0 Plane

d

-

Geometrical toleranclng emmples 143

Example: Sym 2

IzlO. -

11~1

-

ot

Datum median plane A

E --

Median plane of slot/ {Must lie between the the two parallel planes) What is constrained

-$ I

4

I=

Tolerance zone

Awis

Circumference Edge Line Median plane Point -Profile

0

2 concentric circles 2 coaxial cylinders 2 lines 2 parallel planes Circle Cylinder Parallelepiped Sphe

sizeo f to[, zone

@ -

0.01 0.02 0.03

4 0.04 0

0.05 0.06

@

0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35

0.07 0.08

0.4

0.09

0.5

0.45

4

ToI. zone positioned symmetrically with respect to the datum A~is Axes Line Lines Mean axis Median plane A 4 Plane

144 The Geometrical Tolerancing Desk R&rence

Parallelepiped

@ 4 0.07 0.4 0 0.08 4 0.45

Median plane C-D

Plane

148 The Geometrical Tolemirig Desk Reference

Example: S y m 5

pG3 f 1 11 1 1

Datum median plane A {feature dimension 341

What is constrained Axis Cirrumf erence Edge Line Median plane Point Profile Surface

1-

If,

0

o

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

#ki

-2

size o f tot, zone ToI. zone positioned symmetrically with respect to the datum Axis 2 concentric circles 10.01 0.1 2 coaxial cylinders @ 10.02 0.15 Alces 2 lines - 10.03 0.2 Line 2 parallel planes 0.25 410.04 Lines Circle Mean axis 0 10.05 4 0.3 Median plane A Cylinder 0.35 10.06 4 @ 10.07 0.4 Plane Parallelepiped Sphere 0 10.00 0.45 Tolerance zone

4

1

10.09

0.5

Geometrical toleranclng examples 147

148 The Geometrical Toleranclng Desk Relerenca

Geometrical toleranclng examples 149

Parallelepiped Surface elements

@

0.07

0

0.0U 0.09

0.4 0.45 0.5

150 The Geometrical Toleranclng Desk Relerenw

All surface elements

Geometrical folemncing examples 151

Parallelepiped

@

0.07

Q

o.oa 0.09

0.4 0.45 0.5

PART 4 Quick reference tables

PART 5 Indexes