The Digital Way: Photography [1 ed.] 9781717993977

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The Digital Way

Photography

1St Edition

Photography Basics and Technique Lightroom® The ISBN is: 9781717993977

Created and written by: Zac DeLane

The basic copyright stuff Adobe trademarks may be used in the titles of publications, conferences and seminars that provide in-depth training on Adobe products or technology beyond that available from Adobe product tutorials, training and reference material. Publishers of such publications and hosts of such conferences or seminars do not need to obtain further permission from Adobe if the use of Adobe trademarks complies with all of the following requirements: The subject of the publication, conference or seminar should be the specific Adobe product, service or technology to which the title refers. The Adobe trademarks may not appear larger or more prominent than the rest of the full publication, conference or seminar title, and your name or logo should be displayed more prominently on the cover of the publication and in all materials related to the conference or seminar. The Adobe trademarks may not be used in the stylized form used by Adobe, and no Adobe logos, taglines, or Adobe product imagery may be used on your publication’s cover or your publication, conference or seminar’s website, advertising, or promotional material, without express written permission from Adobe. You may not use an Adobe trademark in the domain name of your publication, conference or seminar website without a written license or equivalent authorization from Adobe. You may not shorten or abbreviate any of Adobe’s trademarks. Always spell and capitalize Adobe’s trademarks exactly as they appear in the Adobe trademark database for general distribution. You must include the following trademark attribution statement: "[List of marks used, with 'Adobe' first, if used, followed by other Adobe marks used, in alphabetical order] are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States and/or other countries." You must include a conspicuous disclaimer, preferably on the front or back cover of your publication, but at a minimum, it must appear on the copyright page of the publication, or on the website of your conference or seminar, and state in all capital letters: THIS PRODUCT [or TITLE OF PUBLICATION, CONFERENCE or SEMINAR] IS NOT AUTHORIZED, ENDORSED OR SPONSORED BY ADOBE SYSTEMS INCORPORATED, PUBLISHER OF [INSERT ADOBE PRODUCT NAME(S)]. You must otherwise comply with the guidelines for third parties who use Adobe's trademarks; and There should be nothing else in the use of Adobe trademarks or in the circumstances that would lead consumers to believe there is an association with, or endorsement by, Adobe that does not exist, and the Adobe trademarks should be used only to refer to the Adobe products that are the subject of the publication, conference or seminar.

THE DIGITAL WAY AND TGGEDU IS NOT AUTHORIZED, ENDORSED OR SPONSORED BY ADOBE SYSTEMS INCORPORATED, PUBLISHER OF Lightroom® Lightroom® are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States and/or other countries. Adobe product screenshot(s) reprinted with permission from Adobe Systems Incorporated

About... Well, me! Zac DeLane is the main author of The Digital Way series. He is currently a High Schooler and has a deep passion for education, photography, videography and design. He holds Adobe Certifications in Visual Arts, Web Technologies and Graphic Design. As well, he has won awards from the UIL of Texas for his work on videos and is a certified Apple Teacher. He resides in Austin, Texas with his family.

About Zac DeLane

Larry Hammer is Zac’s Grandpa who resides in San Antonio, Texas. He is a retired engineer and Vietnam War Vet He has developed a passion for photography, and participates in a photography forum, The Ugly Hedgehog. He is a contributer and fact checker for this book. He and his wife like to travel across America, taking photos along the way.

About Larry Hammer

As well, I self published this book. My editors were my Grandma and Mom. However, there is bound to be some mistakes and typos. If you do stumble upon a mistake, be sure to report it on thedigitalway.club.

Your new BFF, Your Camera 12 Camera Models 13 Knowing the Body 16 Lenses 21 Additional Equipment

24

Setting the Scene 30 Types of Photography 31 Understanding Mood 33 Using Lighting 36 Positioning your Subject Prepping the Camera 51

43

Working with Clients 59 Photography Rights 60 Project Management 62 US Copyright Laws 66 Image Purpose 69

The Nifty Gritty 74 Design Principles Image Properties

75 81

Using CC 93 Using CC 94

A photo a week, activities and vocabulary 100

The Digital Way has teamed up with tggEdu, a private educational company, determined to develop a new way to introduce modern day job skills to the current youth. The Digital Way, Photography 1st Edition, aligned lessons with tggEdu Photo (PH) standards for students and teachers to link these standards to state and common standards. Be sure to look for the tggEdu logo when a chapter starts to see what standards are covered in the chapter. Here is a guide of all the PH standards and what chapters they link to:

tggEdu Photography (PHOT) Standards for Photography classes and equivalent

Updated: June 2018

1.1PH

Students will be able to describe the body of the DSLR model camera, including labeling a basic model.

1-1

1.2PH

Students will be able to understand the structure of a lens and understand why a variety of lenses exist.

1-2

1.3PH

Students will be able to identify additional equipment and be able to identify how to use it with a DLSR Camera

1-3

1.4PH

Students will be able to understand how a person feels when looking at a photo using the concept of colors and mood.

2-1

2.1PH

Students will be able to understand common photography rules, such as the Rule of 3rds, that should be followed.

2-2

2.2PH

Students should be able to manipulate the features and settings of the camera before taking a photo, including zoom and focus.

2-3

2.3PH

Students should be able to manipulate the features and settings of the camera before taking a photo, including zoom and focus.

2-4

While not the Photo Standards, Chapters 3 and 4 will cover some of the DE (Design) standards. These chapters are a copy and paste from my Design Books, however, content has been modified to fit the Photography lens.

Get activity files, videos and more at thedigitalway.club. Plus, you can enroll in our Graphic Design course (for $2.99) and get professional feedback on your designs and activities, plus be eligible to be tggEdu certified in Graphic Design and Photo Manipulation. Just go to thedigitalway.club, under the Courses tab to start today!

Part #1:

Technique

In Part 1, we will discuss some photography tips and techniques you need to know as a photographer

Part #1: Technique Chapter #1: Your new BFF, Your Camera Section 1: Knowing the Body Section 2: Lenses Section 3: Additional Equipment

Chapter #2: Setting the scene Section Section Section Section

1: 2: 3: 4:

Understanding Mood Using Lighting Positioning your Subject Preparing the Camera

Chapter #3: Working with Clients Section 1: Project Management Section 2: Copyright Laws Section 3: Image Purpose

Chapter #4: The Nifty gritty Section 1: Design Principles Section 2: Image Properties

Get start files, videos and more with our online course at thedigitalway.club

Chapter

#1

Your new BFF, Your Camera As a photographer, you need to understand the features of your camera, including the terminology of the features built into a modern day DSLR camera.

Standards in this Chapter

Lessons: Preface: Camera Models

Students will be able to describe the body of the DSLR model camera, including labeling a basic model. Students will be able to understand the structure of a lens and understand why a variety of lenses exist.

Section 1: Knowing the Body Section 2: Lenses Section 3: Additional Equipment

Students will be able to identify additional equipment and be able to identify how to use it with a DLSR Camera

Guiding Questions: What are some vocabulary words that involve the camera? What is a Lens? How do you know the difference between lenses?

Chapter Summary: By understanding some of the additional terminology, the overall build of a DSLR camera and some examples of equipment, you will become a more proficient and professional photographer.

What are some examples of additional equipment that one can use with their camera?

Chapter

Section1

1

Preface Although it may seem like a simple machine, the DSLR Camera is a powerful and commonly used camera model. There are plenty of camera models out there, differing in size, shape and functionality. Yet, they all convey the same ability, to take a photo. In the preface, I want to introduce you to some common camera builds, including some of the pros and cons of each.

Camera Models

Vocab:

DSLR Camera: A heavy bodied

camera. DSLR Camera stands for Digital Single Reflex Camera

The 4 most common types of cameras on the market are: - Camera-phones (Smart-phones) - DSLR Cameras - Camcorders - Point and Shoot cameras

The Camera Phone

Ah yes, the modern, everyday mom photographer. The social media bloggers and instant stars unite for this common invention, sticking a camera on the back of your phone. I’m not complaining, the camera phone actually has made photography more accessible and user friendly for all. While it may be simple and care free on the outside, without a highly specialized app, the features are lackluster. One would need a separate app to manipulate the features you would find on a DSLR camera. But, the camera phone has proven to be an instant success. The use of Social Media networking has allowed anyone to take a photo and share across the world to other users. The Smart-phone has been a modern marvel and made photography an instant success. And if you find the right one, your images may turn out clearer than what a DSLR can provide. You’ll start to notice that the camera types we talk about will fit some sort of “lifestyle”. For instance, the Camera Phone may fit someone who enjoys capturing memories, without having to bang out the extra bucks for additional hardware.

Vocab:

Camera Phone: A phone that has

smart technologies enabled, including the use of a Camera attached to the device, generally including an Inner and outward camera.

Vocab:

Social Media: A networking technology that allows instant communication through text or images across means of Internet. Generally, it’s used to interact and share with friends.

Analyzing the Camera Phone

Front Facing Camera

Back Facing Camera

PREDICT:

Why would a photo look better taken on a phone than a more expensive DSLR camera?

Preface

Chapter

1

The DSLR Camera

Vocab:

Studio: A place where photos or videos are taken, generally involving dynamic and artificial lighting.

Analyzing the DSLR Camera

Camera Frame and Lens

PREDICT:

Why would a DSLR camera involve multiple lenses?

Vocab:

Camcorder: A longer bodied camera, designed mainly to take videos, but it can take photos if desired.

Analyzing the Camcorder

Camera Screen and Controls

PREDICT:

Why would developers add the function to take photos on a video camera?

The Big Bertha of camera technologies. The DSLR Camera, or Digital Single Reflex Camera is one of the most common Camera builds. For say, models and photographers use this camera within Studios, including using professional lighting (see 2-2). This build of the camera is used less by hobbyists, as the hardware is somewhat bulky and can be pricey sometimes, considering the smart-phone in your pocket may have better quality. The DSLR camera fits the professional lifestyle. Although some professionals and avid hobbyists argue that a DSLR camera is overall better than a Smart-phone camera, the price and hardware calls for it to be used only where additional flexibility to control and change the camera settings for many occasions. In this book, we will be analyzing and digging deep into the features of the DSLR camera.

The Camcorder

Some memories of old home videos and mom pulling out tape decks may float back to you. Ah the nostalgic days of Old Tape Recorders. Yet, those old recorders we would classify as having a Camcorder build. The word comes from Camera and Recorder. Camcorders allow for the multi-action of taking photos and videos. Yet, if you don’t find the right one, your photos may turn out bad. Camcorders are mainly focused on taking videos rather than photos. However, find the right one and you’ll be able to take clear pictures without dragging the heavy DSLR camera and lenses that go with it. The Camcorder lifestyle is for the casual home and professional videographers, depending on the model. Generally, you won’t buy a camcorder to just take photos, but the ability to take photos on a camcorder is an added bonus.

The Point and Shoot

Vocab:

Point and Shoot: The simplest of the cameras, comparable to a Camera Phone. Just Point and Shoot!

Analyzing the Camcorder PREDICT:

What would be one reason someone uses a point and shoot camera?

The name says it all. Just point the camera and shoot. In one button, the camera adjusts all the settings to make the perfect photo. Although it may seem simple and lackluster, some Point and Shoot cameras will offer the same customizable features as a DSLR camera. They are a good alternative to Camera Phones, yet they can be bulky and one more thing to carry for the common photographer. As I noted, the point and shoot lifestyle is similar to the one of a camera phone. It’s just a matter of carrying a dedicated device.

Chapter

1

Preface

In Conclusion, The variety of cameras have made cameras and photography more accessible in the world, from the richest people to the common folk. Although features and accessibility differ across models and builds, all the builds share one thing in common: they can take photos for the world and families to enjoy.

ON A PERSONAL NOTE... When did you get your first DSLR Camera? I got my first DSLR in 2007. Prior to that my camera was a 35mm film SLR.

How much did it cost? $629.00

Why did you choose a DSLR camera? It was a digital replacement for my 35mm SLR camera.

As a hobbyist, why did you invest so much money into this profession? As an avid amateur photographer you’re always striving to get better and equipment upgrades are thought of as a way to do that. However, you learn that it is not always the equipment you use as much as it is the photographer using the equipment. Still there are some advantages to using good equipment, especially lens quality.

Chapter

1

Section 1

Section1

Knowing the Body

tggEdu Standards

Guiding Question

Students will be able to describe the body of the DSLR model camera, including labeling a basic model.

What are the features of a DSLR Camera? What are some terms and definitions that will appear in the photography world?

It may seem complex, but a DSLR camera is one of the most powerful and professional cameras you’ll find out there. It also may seem confusing at first. In this section, I want to describe the body of the camera and clear the confusion of any terminology that may appear on a modern day DSLR camera. As you can see in this picture to the left, this is known as the DSLR Camera. You’ll see the body of the camera and the lens next to it. This is a major feature of the DSLR camera too. The ability to detach a lens from the frame and switch it to another frame allows for maximum customization and opportunity for photographers. Some retailers will only sell the Frame without a lens so that photographers can pick and choose what lens they want vs paying for the default ones that they may not want.

Most, if not all, cameras will have different preset modes for users to choose from. These modes makes it easier for photographers and commoners to easily customize the presets to the environment their in. For instance, some cameras will include a Sport mode, increasing the shutter speed to capture high and fast moving objects. These presets make it easier for anyone to pick up a DSLR camera to use it.

Chapter

1

Section1

Vocab:

Body: Just the Screen and controls of

the DSLR Camera. Can also be called the Body of the Camera.

Lens: The part of the camera that al-

lows photos to be taken, like a human iris.

Yet, as professional photographers will tell you, these presets won’t cut it. In order to be successful, you’ll need to break past the presets to customize to your specific scenario.

Camera Terminology

As you get to customizing the settings of the camera to your needs, you may encounter some terms you may not know. I’ll discuss and show some examples of these terms in action. First theres Exposure. Exposure is the fundamental principle of photography. This determines how much light is allowed to inter the camera’s body through the lens’s aperture and expose an image on the sensor. Lighting, as we will discuss later, will make or break your photography. It sets the mood and tone of your photos. Having bad lighting will result in a poor photo.

Vocab:

Exposure: The amount of lighting

in your photo per square unit. Exposure helps set the tone and mood of a photo.

Vocab:

Shutter Speed: The rate at which

Exposure Terminology

Shutter Speed is the speed of the shutter opening and closing. A photo is created by the shutter (within the lens) opening and closing repetitively. By altering this speed, you can create different effects and photos. Aperture refers to the through the diaphragm of the lens. This helps set the exposure. Generally, this is represented in the form of f/.

the camera lens opens and closes to create a photo.

Vocab:

Aperture: The amount of light that passes through the diaphragm of the lens. This is represented in f/ notation.

The lower the f/stop—the larger the opening in the lens—the less depth of field—the blurrier the background. The higher the f/stop—the smaller the opening in the lens—the greater the depth of field—the sharper the background. -via https://www.nikonusa.com

Just know that Aperture is one of the controls in the lens that you can change as needed to capture an image with good exposure. The only thing you can alter is the Aperture Priority on the camera.

Vocab:

Aperture Priority: An exposure system that can be customized on the camera.

Section1

Chapter

1

I want to discuss how important Exposure is. While many cameras have automatic technology to adjust the lighting and exposure in a shot to prevent over exposure, you need to be able to understand how and why exposure works the way it works.

Camera set to -3.0 Exposure

Camera set to Auto Settings

Camera set to 3.0 Exposure

Couple of things. First, we can see that exposure matters. Second, we can see that the automatic settings are probably the best thing to leave the camera on. Yet, you still need to know how exposure works. As I stated earlier, its a fundamental of photography, its how your shot is lit. Lastly, we can tell the Exposure Scale. Exposure ranges from -3 to 3. The lower the number, the darker the image will come out. Vocab:

ISO: The measure of sensitivity of the

image. A higher ISO will mean the camera will be more sensitive to light.

ISO refers to the measure of sensitivity of the image sensor. A higher ISO means that your camera will become more sensitive to light, which would be better in a darker situation. Here’s an example, 2 images with differing ISOs in differing environments:

Camera set to 25 ISO

Camera set to 2000 ISO

You’ll start to notice my statement from earlier. The photo with the higher ISO setting means that we can barely, yet still, see the book on the ground. A higher ISO will yield better results in a dark environment. Consider the factors, such as an action shot, before adjusting the ISO. Adjusting the ISO to make it higher will make your photo more grainy, so thats something else to consider.

Chapter

The Frame of the camera

Let’s take a look at the body of a basic DSLR camera. Note that bodies will differ in structure and placement of buttons, so be sure to view your camera’s manual to see detailed diagrams on where everything is. Presets Wheel: Allows the swapping

of camera presets.

Flash: Pops out when you need a flash for low light situations.

Shutter Button: Takes the photo, and activates the Auto Focus.

Lens Mount: Allows the mounting of an

external lens

Viewfinder: Allows you to see what your taking a photo of.

Power Switch: Turns the camera On

and off.

Playback Button: View Images and

photos you’ve taken.

I labeled most of the features commonly found on a camera. Since my camera is a little older, some newer buttons may exist on the camera. Like I said earlier, be sure to check your cameras manual to see a detailed diagram and functionality of your specific model.

Now that we know and understand the basics of the DSLR camera, we can begin to discuss Lenses. In the next section, we will continue elaborating on some of the terms we discussed in this chapter and apply what they mean in the lens.

1

Section1

Section1

Chapter

1

In Conclusion, The Camera body and terms are important to understand when we get started talking about adjusting those settings in certain situations. While it may seem confusing and overwhelming at first, you’ll start to understand what you’ll need to adjust at what time.

ON A PERSONAL NOTE... How did you learn how to use a DSLR? For a long time when I first acquired my camera I shot pretty universally in auto mode. The camera would focus, measure the light on the subject or scene, and automatically set the ISO, aperture, and shutter speed. On occasions of low light it would signal a flash should be used. As I got more familiar with the camera and got involved with other photographers it became apparent that the auto setting did a fairly decent job making the exposure but certain circumstances it could definitely be improved upon. Additionally now that I wasn’t buying film and paying for it to be processed and printed, I could shoot a whole lot more images, and experiment with the settings in manual mode, aperture priority mode, shutter priority mode, and any of the other programmed features the camera offers.

What are some tips for memorizing and adapting to all of these terms? 1. The automatic or program modes will preset all the exposures controls for you. Al you need to do is compose the image in the view finder and press the shutter release button. 2. Aperture priority mode means that you set the aperture, that being the size of the opening that allows light into the camera to expose the sensor. The camera will automatically set the shutter speed. 3. Shutter priority mode means that you set the shutter speed that you want to shoot with and the camera automatically selects all the other settings to make the exposure. 4. Manual mode means you control all you settings. You set the ISO, you set the aperture, you set the shutter speed and you can also turn off the auto focus and manually focus the lens. 5. My best tip to help remember these things is repetition ....practice, practice, practice!!! Experiment a lot, especially since once you have the camera and memory card it isn’t costing anything but your time and enthusiasm.

Chapter

1

Section 2

Section1

Lenses

tggEdu Standards

Guiding Question

Students will be able to understand the structure of a lens and understand why a variety of lenses exist.

What is a Lens and why do so many exist? What is the structure of a Lens?

Lenses are the life stone of the camera. Obviously, without one, your camera would be a bare bones body. Yet, as we will begin to discover, lens come in all different shapes and sizes. With that, this will require you to pick and choose the correct lens to fit the job. As we discussed earlier, a lens is a finely ground and polished piece of glass that is coupled with a shutter to attach to a camera. They can be mounted in a cylinder that can move the lens back and forth to allow focusing the image on the sensor or film plane. Simple lenses may be a single piece of glass like you see in a magnifying glass. They could have a convex or concave shape depending on the application and purpose intended for the lens. More complex lens will be made up of multiple pieces of glass. Lenses are primarily identified by their focal lengths such as 35mm, 50mm, or 125mm for example. The focal length meaning distance from the lens to the plane that will capture the image. The shorter the focal length the wider area you can capture on the image sensor of film. The longer the focal length the less area will be captured on the sensor or film. Also available are zoom lenses that allow you to vary the focal length.

Vocab:

Lens: A cylinder shape that allows the camera to “see”.

Vocab:

Simple Lens: A simple lens with minimal features.

Chapter

Fixed focal length of 28mm (also known as wide angle lens). Wide angle lenses are good for landscape photography.

1

Fixed focal length of 50mm (fairly common fixed lens also know as “nifty-fifty”). Fixed focal length lenses from 50mm to 70mm are good for portrait work and generally any kind of photography. Variable focal length, 55-300mm Zoom Lens, at 55mm focal length.

Photos courtesy of Larry Hammer

Section 2

Variable focal length, 55-300mm Zoom Lens, at 300mm focal length. Zoom lenses provide flexibility for capturing wild life or other images where you may be limited in your access for a closer look or composition. For example a 35-80mm zoom lens means that you can manipulate the focal length of the lens from 35mm up to 80 mm and any of the focal lengths in between those numbers. When it comes to using Lenses across camera brands, the answer if confusing, as each camera manufacturer has its own specific connecting interfaces between camera body and any electronic controls for the lens that the camera will communicate. Examples are any of the automatic features the lens may contain like auto focus, and of the automatic program features the lens may contain. Yet, a provisional answer to the question is yes but an additional adapter that may be available that will allow you to use one lens brand on a different brand camera. Any automatic features of the lens may or may not be available, however. The parts of a lens include the glass elements, and a shutter. The shutter has an aperture that can be opened to allow light to enter the camera that can also be held open for a period of time. The size of the shutter opening will also help you determine the lens you want to have for your camera. Now that we have a basic understanding of Lenses, we can begin to develop our knowledge of the Camera and begin to take some photos.

Chapter

1

Section 2

In Conclusion, The Lens is the most important part of the camera. Without it the camera would essentially be “naked”. Understanding the difference between Lenses is essential to picking the best camera for the job.

Expand your thinking

Lens Care and Safety You need to handle your lens very carefully when placing it on the camera body or storing it in you camera bag. Try to do this in a dust free environment as much as possible, protecting that dust will not enter the camera body or the into the exposed lens parts. - Keep a lens cap on whenever you are not shooting. - Learn how to properly clean your lens and the exposed parts of the camera body to prevent unwanted dust spots on the images you capture. There are many kits available that include cleaning fluid, lint free wipes, perhaps a fine soft brush and possibly a bulb type blower to blast away any dust. There are good instructions available on line to help learn good techniques to clean and care for your equipment. - It is very important to keep body and lens caps firmly attached when they are being stored separately. Damage can occur to the equipment too easily it they are not, and repairs or replacement can be very expensive.

Chapter

1

Section 3

Section1

Additional Equipment

tggEdu Standards

Guiding Question

Students will be able to identify additional equipment and be able to identify how to use it with a DLSR Camera

What are some common accessories for Cameras?

The best part about DSLR cameras is that they can be customized to the brim. There are plenty of accessories to add to improve your experience, as well as make your camera better. I want to discuss a few common accessories that you can use with your camera.

Tripod

Coming from the Greek prefix of TRI, a Tripod has 3 legs, standing your camera up so no one has to hold it. This allows users to take photos without having to be at the realm of controlling the camera. It also allows for stable shots and easy framing

Monopod

Coming from the Greek prefix of MONO, the Mono pod allows for easy holding and on-the-go transport of the camera. Instead of setting up a clunky tripod, this one legged stick allows you to get a stable shot of landscapes. It is also known as the Photographers Walking Stick.

Chapter

Umbrella Light

The Umbrella Light helps balance the lighting by emitting a soft white light onto the subject, making the lighting balanced and look better on the final image.

1

Section 3

Diffuser Light

Like the Umbrella light, this helps by diffusing light onto the subject, balancing and emitting light onto just the subject through a window-like white screen

SD Card

These little buddies are the lifeblood of your camera. They allow your photos to be stored and saved for sharing and editing. Without it, you won’t be able to take photos, so be sure to not lose it!

XTRA Information Understanding File Measurements

The base measurements are Bytes. After that, prefixes help define the rest of the measurements. If you know these prefixes by heart, then this will be easy for you. Byte Kilobyte Megabyte Gigabyte Terabyte Pentabyte Exabyte Zettabyte Yottabyte

1 10241 10242 10243 10244 10245 10246 10247 10248

So, for instance in 1 Kilobyte, there would be 1024 Bytes. In 1 Gigabyte, there would be 1,073,741,824 bytes.

Section 3

Chapter

1

In Conclusion, These accessories are some of the most common you’ll run into as a photographer. Sure, there are plenty more to explore as you become more acquainted to Photography, but these accessories are the most common.

Grandpa Larry’s Review Corner

ISO ISO is simply an index number related to the sensitivity of the camera’s sensor or the film to light. It really doesn’t have anything to do with the lens itself, but rather how much light it takes to expose an image properly on the camera’s sensor or film. The higher the ISO number then the more sensitive to light or the less light is needed to capture the exposure. The issue with higher ISO exposures is that there will likely be more noise captured with the image which tends to degrade the quality of the image. I always shoot with the lowest ISO number that I can and still obtain a good exposure of the image. Examples where you might want to push the ISO to a higher number is to capture an image in low light conditions or to be able to increase the shutter speed faster in order to capture fast action as in a sports competition or capturing wild life in action.

Chapter

1

Wrap Up

Chapter #1

A Word from Zac

Although it may seem like a tsunami of vocabulary, understanding these terms will lead to your amazing success in Photography. Yet, it’s important to know one thing: All cameras differ. Some cameras will require you to focus, while others will not. As Grandpa Larry discussed in Chapter #2, some lenses have features built into them that require the branded lens. For instance, a Sony lens may require a Sony camera. These connections and realizations are important to understand and comprehend, as you don’t want to be throwing your money at a wall.

Vocabulary from this Chapter:

Good Ol’ Grandpa Advice:

- DSLR Camera

Learn how to use your equipment:

- Camcorder

- Read the manual.

- Camera Phone

- Practice in different light conditions.

- Social Media

- Experiment with the different set-

- Studio - Point and Shoot - Full Frame - Body

tings. - Look for interesting things to capture. - Learn how to keep your equipment clean and in good working order.

- Lens - ISO

Now that you are familiar with your

- Simple Lens

equipment you can start thinking about

- Tripod

some of the other aspects involved in

- Mono pod

photography. BUT don’t forget these ba-

- Umbrella Light

sics and practice, practice, practice!

- Diffuser Light - SD Card

Wrap Up

Chapter

1

Chapter Assessment Answer the questions using the knowledge gained from this chapter. 1. Of the following, which is NOT a most common Camera used? A. Camera Phone B. DLSR Camera C. Polaroid Model D. Point and Shoot 2. Which of the following photos have the LOWEST ISO?

3. Use the Diagram provided below to Label the DSLR Camera:

4. Of the following, what items can you mount a camera to? A. Tripod B. Monopod C. SD Card D. Diffuser Light

Chapter

Visual Assessment

1

After reading this chapter, read this prompt and take a photo that best fits the prompt.

PROMPT:

Susan works for Landscaping Services INC. She needs a photo of a nice scenic background for the website. Consider the information presented in this chapter and take a Photo for Susan to use on her website.

#advicefromzac

In this book, you’ll be given prompts like the one above. First things first, you need to read the prompt. These prompts are built to be interpreted and allow for creativity, yet sticking to the prompt is key. After reading the prompt, read the directions. In this case, the directions say to consider the information you’ve learned in this chapter and to apply it to this prompt. That means, you will NOT be evaluated on anything else presented in this chapter (such as the use of lighting techniques, framing, etc). Instead, you’ll be evaluated on your camera use and photo quality. Make sure that your ISO settings are correct, white balance is in order, and that you take an appropriate photo for the situation.

Rubric: Category Quality - The photo turned out good and professional. Originality - The Photo was original and on subject. Knowledge - The correct settings, lenses, etc were well chosen and executed. Use of Equipment - The photo taking process was smooth and professional.

Poor

Average

Excelling

Wrap Up

Chapter

#2

Setting the Scene As a photographer, you need to understand your surroundings and be able to prepare and adapt to them as quickly and efficiently as possible.

Standards in this Chapter Students will be able to understand how a person feels when looking at a photo using the concept of colors and mood. Students will be able to understand and properly light a photo, including being able to use recommended strategies. Students will be able to understand common photography rules, such as the Rule of 3rds, that should be followed. Students should be able to manipulate the features and settings of the camera before taking a photo, including zoom and focus.

Lessons: Preface: The tggEdu Types of Photography Section 1: Understanding Mood Section 2: Using Lighting Section 3: Positioning your Subject Section 4: Preparing the Camera

Guiding Questions: What are some common Photography Rules that should never be broken? What are some common lighting strategies?

Chapter Summary: As we get to understand more and more about the technology and terms behind the camera, you’ll need to be able to execute and use your knowledge, plus some common photography rules, to take the perfect photo.

Where do I place the subject or subjects? How do I prepare the camera for a Photo shoot or session?

Preface As a photographer, you’ll need to be able to think on your feet. When preparing to take a photo, it’s best to classify it as one of the types of photography. Truly, no photo session or shoot is alike; there are certain circumstances for each case. You won’t be using artificial lighting for a football game, or use natural light for a professional shoot. tggEdu, a private educational organization, developed 5 unofficial methods of photography that I’ll be referring back to later in this chapter. Sports Photography will require you to think on your feet, as most of the time, people will be moving at a fast rate. You need to set up the settings and shot BEFORE the game. Consider your lighting and the time of day. As well, Gym lighting generally is bad, but an easy fix is to turn the White Balance to the INDOOR setting, if that is an option on your camera. You need to be able to take a lot of photos, fast. Some cameras will have a built in preset for Sports photography, auto adjusting the settings for you. Event Photography will be somewhat more laid back than Sports. You’ll be hired or be taking pictures of events, like weddings, at your own pace. Sure, it’ll require maximum attention, but the pace will probably be slower than Sports. Be sure to consider your conditions. Is the venue outdoors, what time of day will it be, do I need to bring any accessories like a Tripod, are all good questions to ask yourself. Landscape and Nature photography is probably the easiest to capture. The land and nature is not going anywhere, so you can sit back, listen to the sound of the stream and take some beautiful photos. Be sure to consider the conditions, too. Remember that Rain exists and your technology probably won’t come cheap.

Types of Photography

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Subject Photography is probably one of the most common. The subject can generally be a dog or human. They’re working on your time, so feel free to adjust settings to get the perfect shot. Be sure to use artificial lights when working indoors or reflectors to get more natural light on the subject. I’ll refer back to these terms when talking about special photography conditions in this chapter. Be sure to know what type of photography you’re dealing with BEFORE heading to the scene to take photos.

Section 1

Understanding Mood

tggEdu Standards

Guiding Question

Students will be able to understand how a person feels when looking at a photo using the concept of colors and mood.

What is Mood? How to we establish Mood in a Photo?

A lot of photographers don’t understand the power and impact of tone and mood. While tone is important, mood refers to the viewer’s impression. This means, when a viewer looks at a photo, they get an initial reaction. That reaction refers to their mood, whether it be happy, sad or nostalgic. I want to discuss some common moods and how to plan a mood for your photos. First, there’s the subject. The subject is the overarching premise for your mood. They’re the focal point of the photo. Yet, you can manipulate the subject to affect the mood. Some obvious examples would be to manipulate the subject. For instance, if the subject was smiling, then the viewer may feel happy and cheerful. Yet, if the subject was frowning or crying, then the viewer may feel said. These are some ways to achieve mood in Subject Photography. Nature and Sports photography are kind of hard to manipulate, as the subject is concrete or non-controllable. Yet, you can still influence the photos in other ways. Framing is another element of achieving good mood. In the next section, I’ll discuss how to properly achieve framing, but the way you frame your subject depends on the mood you’re trying to achieve. Say you take a long shot of the city using a wide angle lens. You would probably think differently of these photos. Let’s take Grandpa Larry’s example of the flowers and apply mood to it

Vocab:

Subject: The focal point of an image, generally a person or animal.

Vocab:

Framing: The composition of your photo, what the viewer can see edge to edge

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While these are all the same subject, they have different meanings and moods. Take the photo on the far right. The focal point is the flower. Yet, the focal point on the far left is still the flower “technically,” as it has a longer shot of the entire garden. It gives viewers a broader picture of the setting and where the flower is compared to the flower itself. Vocab:

Lighting: The brightness of an Image, illuminates, creates shadows.

Finally, and its probably the biggest, is Lighting. Ah yes, its 8th grade me. As we learned in this assignment in Middle School Newsmedia, lighting is key to capturing mood and impressions. Take this cringe worthy photo for instance. Notice my expression, its kind of happy, yet the lighting is dark and somewhat gloomy. This is a perfect example of Lighting. Plenty of photos use lighting to capture and influence the viewer’s mood about the photo. Blank and White may make a dramatic statement, while shadows create a ominous and dramatic effect. As we will discuss in the upcoming section, lighting is key to making your photography work for you. In time, you’ll learn how to influence mood in your photos. You can’t concretely think and say what your viewers will think, but you can influence what they may think with these 3 areas.

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In Conclusion, Understanding mood is a great way to help plan your photos. By manipulating your subject, framing your subject or image and using lighting, you’ll be able to influence your mood to the utmost possibility.

Personal Project

White Backdrop Portraits As I mentioned, we did a great assignment our teacher dubbed, “White Backdrop Portraits,” where we were given 5 minutes to take photos using artificial lights against a white backdrop. Write 3-5 moods and take photos of a friend against a white backdrop, using artificial lights. After uploading them to your computer, ask another friend what they think and describe the photo in one or two mood-like words. See if they were close to what you were going for.

Section 2

Using Lighting

tggEdu Standards

Guiding Question

Students will be able to understand and properly light a photo, including being able to use recommended strategies.

What is Lighting? How can we develop a great looking photo in terms of Lighting?

Lighting is one of the key factors in establishing mood. I made that clear in the previous section. There are some common ways to position your lights and subjects developed by industry professionals that I think it’s worth a chat. These methods, of course, are recommended, and not required. But, they’ve been tested and used with Industry professionals, so I definitely think its worth a try to use and execute. Just know that these methods are designed for Subject Photography.

Split Lighting A modified version of Split Lighting is one of the most commonly used methods. This method involves one subject, one light or natural light and one camera. All the objects form a Right, 90 degree angle at the subject, allowing for a dramatic effect or shadow on the subject.

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Loop Lighting Loop Lighting is great for outdoor shoots. In this diagram, 2 subjects are presented against a backdrop, with a reflector reflecting Natural Light thats coming from behind. Loop Lighting allows for a somewhat evenly placed light with limited conditions and room for Artificial light.

Rembrandt Lighting Rembrandt Lighting allows for limited resources, focusing on the element of Natural Light. In this example, the blue Box represents a Window. You want to position your camera and subject so that the Window or source of Natural Light can be sandwiched by the Subject and Camera.

Butterfly Lighting Butterfly Lighting is the most simplistic. It involves a straight line of sight. The light source is positioned at eye level with the subject and placed behind the camera, allowing for evenly lit situations.

Broad Lighting Broad Lighting is just like Rembrandt Lighting, EXCEPT there is no concrete background. This means that the light won’t be bounced or absorbed by the background, allowing for flexibility with the shot.

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Short Lighting Short Lighting may look like Loop Lighting, but notice the Angle of the subject. The subject is facing the source of Natural Light, meaning the lit side of the face is now on the left side of the face rather than the right, which would be Loop Lighting.

Face and Shadows Diagram I want to present this diagram on how your subjects will be lit in each lighting setup. Notice that the Black side will have the shadow and the no color or normal side means that it will be brighter or more prevalent.

Split Lighting

Light

ht

Lig

Loop Lighting

Reflector

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Rembrandt Lighting

al ur t Na ght Li

Butterfly Lighting

Light

Broad Lighting

al ur t Na ght Li

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Lighting Do and don’ts

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Lighting is a KEY element in any photo. Let’s discuss some DO’s and DONT’S for working with Lighting.

DO use natural light when you can

Vocab:

Natural Light refers to any sunlight coming through a Window. Natural Light makes any photo look more realistic than Artificial Light does, so if you have natural light, USE IT! However, you need a BALANCE of natural light so you don’t have shadows, so be careful when using Natural Light!

Natural Light: Light that is created

Photo courtesy of Melinda Barrett

by the sun or nature.

DO adjust your settings

It’s important to adjust your Camera Settings, such as White Balance and ISO BEFORE you start shooting. For instance, a Gym or School has TERRIBLE lighting, so play around with your settings before you take a photo in order to ensure the maximum quality and exposure.

< Using Overhead Bedroom Lights (Fluorescent)

> Using Natural Ring Light

DO use artificial lights when you can

If you’re in a room with no windows, you NEED to use Artificial lights! The tone of normal, overhead lights generally appear yellow and are not balanced. By following one of the methods presented in this chapter, you’ll be able to evenly and properly light your photo and subject.

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Don’t let the settings auto adjust

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If you’re in a setting with BAD LIGHTING, ALWAYS ADJUST YOUR SETTINGS MANUALLY! This is a good rule to follow, as the Automatic settings generally make your image more white than the natural yellow. Instead, adjust your settings to find a BALANCE between white and yellow.

Section 2

Don’t wash your photo out!

A Washout refers to your photo being overexposed and appearing too white. This makes your photo look weirdly white on the subject rather than balanced. Be sure to adjust the position of your artificial lights and how bright they are so you can avoid your subject being washed out.

Vocab:

Washout: The image is over-lit and

appears like it is washed out with White.

Avoid Grain at All costs!

Grain occurs when the settings of your camera aren’t balanced or are adjusting weirdly, causing your photo to have “fuzz”. This makes the photo appear like it’s older and less clear. Instead, adjust your settings and turn off automatic functions when you’re in badly lit areas, like gyms. Using too much overhead lighting can cause a unbalance of lighting in your image. Plus, in this example, a Washout of natural light occurs because of the far off window. It’s important to understand the setting and what is around you when taking a photo, so be sure to remain aware!

Grain: A fuzzy result thats produced when the camera is on auto or the settings don’t match up.

Photo courtesy of Rustin Farsi

Don’t use overhead lighting!

Vocab:

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In Conclusion, Understanding these common methods of lighting subjects help establish mood, but also provide a basis on how to properly light your photos.

Grandpa Larry’s Review Corner

Natural vs Artificial Lights Natural light is provided by outside conditions of the sun while you are shooting. It can be outside in bright sunlight, under partial cloud cover, or completely overcast with clouds. It could also be indoors coming through a window or a skylight. Artificial light either outdoors or indoors can be provided by many different kinds of light sources. They all have their own light “temperature”. Just know that this light “temperature” impacts the white balance and that you will need to experiment with the programmed settings to get the true colors of your image to look correct in your photograph. As you progress you will eventually learn to manually set the white balance for the light source you have to work with. In the meantime, the camera’s auto white balance or the presets for white balance will provide decent results.

Section 3 Positioning your Subject

tggEdu Standards

Guiding Question

Students will be able to understand common photography rules, such as the Rule of 3rds, that should be followed.

What is the Rule of 3rds? How can we apply these practices to your common photos?

Let’s discuss some rules of Photography that will help us not only establish a good shot, but also are some general practices that if followed, will result in some great looking photos.

The Rule of 3rds

This is the biggest and most common rule in Photography. The Rule of 3rds is a rule for positioning your subject in a quadrant of 3 by 3 diagram. The idea for the rule is to not frame the subject in the center, but to compose the image with the main subject of interest positioned on one of the grids or at one of the intersections of the grids.

Here’s an example:

Vocab:

Rule of 3rds: The general rule for framing your subject on a photo.

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In this example, the photo has the main greenery with the three branches of blooms on the plumaria pretty well centered on the intersection of the upper and right grid lines. Let’s look at the photo with a Grid.

Now see how the plant is positioned? Let’s apply this to other types of photography, say Sports Photography. Now, I know what you’re thinking, “Zaaaac, this can’t work because the subject is moving, not standing still!” Oh, but yes it can work, through the power of editing. You see, later in the book, I’ll discuss basic importing and editing of photos, and we will discuss how to crop photos, to which you can “cheat” and apply the Rule of 3rds, even if you didn’t follow the rule the first time. Let’s take another look at the rule in action in Sports Photography. Rather than the subjects or people playing being the focal point, the basketball is the focal point, as it is at the center of the intersecting lines.

Photos courtesy of Larry Hammer

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Let’s look at some ways to position your subject.

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In this example, the Yellow area represents Empty Space, something that “deters” the subject of the photo. By having Empty Space, you distract the viewer from the subject. As well, you’re working your eyes to find the subject, instead of looking in the center.

Vocab:

In this example, the Yellow area represents Headroom. You want to have a minimal amount of headroom, but you still want to have headroom. If you have no headroom, then your subject’s head will start to get cut off, making the photo look bad and wondering if the subject has a forehead at all.

Vocab:

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Empty Space: Space on your photo that has no meaning or is blank.

Headroom: The space above the subjects head.

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Leading Lines

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Leading Lines is another great strategy to use. This strategy is more aimed for Nature photography rather than Subject Photography. Leading Lines refers to the composition where the viewer of your photo gets a sense of infinity. Let me show you an example.

Vocab:

Leading Lines: Aligning elements

https://www.maxpixel.net/static/photo/1x/Pier-Lines-West-Pier-Whitby-LeadingLines-2779706.jpg

within your photo to tell a story or lead somewhere.

As you can see, you kind of get a sense that the wall goes on forever because the way the photographer angled the camera, the lens they chose and the overall composition. This strategy, yet, breaks the rule of 3rds, but for good reason. Instead of straining the eye, your eye directly jumps to the sensation of the wall, then your eye may start to follow the wall to see where it goes. This sensation can help your photos tell a story or give the viewer a sense of Illusion.

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Diagonals

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Diagonals are another great strategy to follow in Nature and Landscape photography. Diagonals refers to creating lines to draw a viewer through a photograph rather than tell a specific story. Here’s an example:

Vocab:

Diagonals: Using diagonal lines

within a photo to guide the viewers eye through the photograph.

https://pxhere.com/en/photo/478312

The items in this photo create some diagonal lines, creating some illusion and drawling your eye to the lines. While this is not the best example, it does demonstrate the concept well. I encourage you to look up Diagonal photos on the internet, as some are really clever and unique.

Consider This

As we’ve discussed, there are 3 main strategies or illusions to keep in mind when positioning your subject and adding depth to your photo. But, I want to bring up a few points when taking photos that may seem like common sense, yet I see people break this all the time. 1. Consider your Location. If your taking photos of someone that’s not on a neutral background, then that background better show some depth. For instance, say your taking a photo of a student for a Yearbook quote. First, make sure you have a neutral background, like a white or black background with no posters or flyer’s on the wall. If that’s not possible, adjust the focus and see if you can take it in the hallway and blur the background. Rather than having just

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a beige locker, you have a background that is blurred showing depth and a focused subject. As well, be sure to not throw all the framing tips we’ve learned out the window. Center your subject, with minimal headroom and empty space. 2. Consider your Circumstance. Think about the photo you’re taking. Will it have multiple subjects, and if so, do you need a wider lens? 3. Consider the Situation Finally, its important to consider your situation. You need to be aware of what you’re taking a photo of, where you’re taking the photo, and the reason you’re taking that photo. Be prepared and have anything you need ready.

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Camera angles

Camera Angles refer to the distance between your subject and the camera. Let’s discuss a few camera angles to use. A close up is showing the subject, but the focus on one part of the subject. This may be the face, or a profile of the subject.

A medium shot may show the subject in view, but not completely in view. This may be from the torso up, or the torso down. This will show an equal amount of details and the subject. A long shot shows the subject in its entirety. This means, the subject is in view from head to toe. The details may be in view, but that is not the focal point of the shot. An extreme long shot shows the subject barely in view. The focus is mainly the setting or scenery, and the elements that fill it.

Note that these shots to still require you to use the Rule of 3rds, it applies to ANY shot at ANY angle!

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In Conclusion, Framing your subject is key! In terms of subject photography, It’s important to center your subject so your viewers don’t have to do the heavy work of playing Hide and Seek with the focal point. Yet, with Nature Photography, one can implement Diagonals and Leading Lines to add some illusion and depth to photos,

On a personal note How do you take photos with bad lighting, like at a sporting event? Get set up early and check your exposure on a few practice shots. Your white balance set on automatic may be ok, or learn how to custom set the light source temperature using a gray scale card or I have just shot plain gray concrete that is fully illuminated (no shadows) to measure and set the temperature of the light reflected by the concrete. You will also want a major portion of your photo to be in focus, so large depth of field will be necessary. Therefore, you will want an f/stop at f/8 or above. Next depending on the speed of the action you will be shooting, you will want a shutter speed that can stop the action with no blur in the image. For hand held images a general rule of thumb that is suggested by some is a fraction of the focal length of the lens you are shooting with. If you are shooting with a 80mm lens you will want a minimum shutter speed of 1/80th second. I like to go even faster with the shutter speed and then adjusting the ISO higher to get an acceptable exposure.

Section 4

Prepping the Camera

tggEdu Standards

Guiding Question

Students should be able to manipulate the features and settings of the camera before taking a photo, including zoom and focus.

What is Focus? How do I edit the settings on my DSLR Camera?

Now that we’ve learned all the basics and options provided by the camera, how do we apply this to initial situations? In this section, we will cover some missed ground that was presented in this section, plus discuss some ways to set up your camera in situations. Vocab:

Focus: Refers to the clarity of your

subject in relation to the background.

Focus refers to your subject being clear. You can manipulate the focus to make unique and interesting photos. Yet, focus can lead to your downfall, especially in Sports Photography, where the subjects are moving at a higher rate of speed than you are. It’s important to be aware, as I’ve started multiple times, of your situation and come well prepared. Here are some examples of good use of focus and not so good:

A

B

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Let’s try zooming in on the bird-feeder to see the difference up close: In this example, the focus is somewhat blurry. If you focus in on the flower/ending part of the bird-feeder, you may see that it is blurry. The image shows the flower with the focus being less than sharp. Although it may not appear blurry, put next to Example A, it does appear blurry.

B In this example, the background is blurred and the feeder, or the subject is in focus, it is as well clear. This Image represents sharp focus on the flower on the feeder

a

Before venturing out for a photo shoot, and you have gone through your check list for all the items you will need with you, and they are all packed in your bag. Now you need to think about the conditions you will encounter during the shoot and what settings you should preset on your camera. The following things should be considered if your camera has all the capabilities of most modern DSLR cameras. In manual mode these are the settings that you can set:

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Vocab:

Manual Mode: A camera mode that requires users to configure all settings and options.

White balance. ISO. Aperture. Shutter speed. Of course they can be changed if different conditions are encountered as your shoot progresses. White balance is affected by the type of light that will be available and you should preset the camera for the lighting anticipated. For example bright sunlight, cloudy, full shade, incandescent, or fluorescent. Custom settings are also available. Review your owner’s manual, and be aware of these alternatives also. ISO is a setting for the light sensitivity of the camera’s sensor. The brighter the light you expect the lower the ISO number should be set. Aperture setting will depend on your subject whether stationary, or moving. The lower the number the larger the opening of the lens’s aperture to allow more light into the exposure. The lower the smaller the opening. A sweet spot for a lot of lenses is an aperture setting of f/8. The shutter speed is also dependent on your subject whether stationary, or moving. Moving subjects will require a faster shutter speed to stop the action without a blur.

Vocab:

White Balance: The balance and relevance of colors in your photo.

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Vocab:

Preset: A defined and configured mode of a camera, set to specific circumstances.

Camera Presets

Most, if all, cameras have preset modes that you can toggle between to help the camera adjust in different situations. Generally, these are the same across cameras. Look for the Dial Wheel (I call it the Preset Dial) and see the icons. Some cameras have more icons, others have less icons.

Presets are great, as they configure all the hard stuff for you. However, there are certain situations, such as flash, that will require the manual mode. Be sure to read your camera’s provided manual to see what each preset does and means. As we begin to conclude the learning part of learning actual photography and instead jump into the technicalities of being a freelance photographer, I want to emphasize that you now have the basic skills to use a DSLR camera. The only way to get better now is to try. I’ve simply defined some terms for you that may confuse you, but you need to use these terms and skills to execute photography by taking some photos. You can only get better by trying. We’re rooting for you!

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Section 4

In Conclusion, After all the heavy lifting of framing and configuring your lighting, you need to make sure that your camera is ready to go. As Grandpa Larry discussed, there are 4 essential things to configure: The White Balance, ISO, Aperture, and the shutter speed (be aware of them all, and remember, you can configure each one).

On a personal note How do you use the presets on your camera? I try to remember to set the white balance for the light source I expect to shoot in. A good use of aperture priority is to capture close shots where you get just the main subject of your image in focus. A good use of shutter priority is for fast action shots where you want the action stopped and still be in focus. On occasion I will use burst mode at a sporting event or a wild life shoot, where the camera will shoot 12 frames in rapid succession hoping to catch a good image at the most dramatic moment.

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Wrap Up

Chapter #2

A Word from Zac

Now that we understand how to prepare the actual camera settings, we can begin to connect the vocab to the camera and certain situations. We learned how to frame our subject using the Rule of 3rds and some neat photography tricks, plus some lighting strategies and key elements, like Focus and White Balance. It may seem like another overload of vocabulary, but in time and with a little practice, your camera will become your soul-mate.

Vocabulary from this Chapter: - Subject

- Extreme Long Shot

- Framing

- Focus

- Lighting

- White Balance

- Split Lighting

- Preset

- Loop Lighting - Rembrandt Lighting - Butterfly Lighting - Broad Lighting - Washout - Grain - Rule of 3rds - Empty Space - Head Room - Close Up - Medium Shot - Long Shot

Chapter Assessment Answer the questions using the knowledge gained from this chapter. 1. Which image DOES NOT follow the Rule of 3rds?

2. Which of the following is a Long Shot?

3. Which of the following is a Washout?

4. Considering the Blue Box is where the natural light is coming from, draw the subject, background, etc, so that the diagram creates BROAD LIGHTING.

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Wrap up

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Visual Assessment After reading this chapter, read this prompt and take a photo that best fits the prompt.

PROMPT:

Bill is a photographer. Yet, he is struggling to take a photo of a subject. Use a DSLR Camera and artificial lights (pick a lighting strategy to mimic) to capture a subject’s photo.

Rubric: Category Quality - The photo turned out good and professional. Originality - The Photo was original and on subject. Knowledge - The correct settings, lenses, etc were well chosen and executed. Use of Equipment - The photo taking process was smooth and professional.

Poor

Average

Excelling

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Working with Clients As a photographer you need to understand project management and US copyright laws for specific images and how to give proper attribution.

Standards in this Chapter Students will be able to understand the efficient steps of managing and executing a project with client, including terminology and professionalism. Students will understand the basics of US Copyright Law and ways on how to prevent it interfering with designs. Students will be able to identify images that “fit” a project based on Target Audience and demographics.

Chapter Summary: Understanding the actual process and “laws” of designing for a client help make you a better, smarter and more efficient designer.

Lessons: Preface: Photography Rights Section 1: Project Management Section 2: US Copyright Law Section 3: Image Purpose

Guiding Questions: What is Project Management? How does it make the work-flow more efficient? What is Copyright? How does it affect the use of assets in your designs? What is Image Purpose? How does it influence the look of your designs? What is a Target Audience and Demographics? What is the difference?

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Preface

Photography Rights

If you’ve read a Digital Way book before, this section may seem familiar. In fact, I copy and paste this section into each book that needs it. For instance, my Design books require students learn the skills and nature of using copyrighted work. Although its important for photographers to understand the nature of copyright, project management and more, I want to introduce some things in the preface before I begin that involve to photography in terms of the skills that will be presented in this chapter.

Your rights as a photographer

America may seem like the land of the free and the home of the brave, yet you don’t have the freedoms you may think you have as a photographer.

Privacy and Property Vocab:

Release Form: A legal contract

set forth by the photographer and the subject.

Story Time:

On a personal note, my video teacher in High School worked for the local news station. She was doing a shoot in the park for a commercial, yet she failed to get releaser forms from everyone that appeared in the background. One person was actually escaping another person, which led to her filing a lawsuit. Point being, release forms are not only necessary, they are generally legally necessary.

First and foremost, you have to observe privacy when taking photos. If someone does not want their photo taken, then you need to observe that right. If you keep persisting, that could turn into harassment and you could be criminally punished. Ask your subjects before taking there photo, always! A great way to ensure permission is through the use of Release Forms. These are like contracts, and sometimes, they are generally required by parents and guardians of minors. Release form not only ensure the subjects participation, but it legally defends your use of their face. This also applies to property, too. States generally have trespassing laws in place, so if your shooting on location, make sure you have permission to be there. Public places, like parks are a great place to shoot. One thing you need to be aware of though are background elements. If you can visibly identify a face, thats one more person you need to get a release form from.

Copyright

As a photographer, you have the right and exclusive right to your photos. Any photo YOU take is owned by you, and no one else can use it or mimic it in any way, unless they get permission from you. If someone attempts to mimic you or steals your photos, take them to court! A great way that we will discuss is the use of Creative Commons Licenses. If your planning on taking photos to then sell, be sure to lay out the rights of what the buyer can and can’t do, such as alter or mimic the photo. Failure to do this can result in your work being “leaked” or resold to the community, loosing and leading to community altering of your hard work. As a photographer you need to avoid miming anything that is copyrighted. If its for your personal use that will never be shared, then its generally OK. But, if it will appear in ANY printed work, be sure to give credit where its due. But, some people just don’t take credit when its due. Some people will “fine” you for mimicking a photo. Best thing to do is avoid mimicry and instead focus on taking original photos.

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Preface

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Project Management

tggEdu Standards

Guiding Question

Students will be able to understand the efficient steps of managing and executing a project with a client, including terminology and professionalism.

What is Project Management? What organization developed the industry-wide model? How should you act with clients?

Understanding how to make a project work efficiently is key to working with a client, your peers, and even yourself. Project Management is a system developed by the PMI (Project Management Institute) that sets key steps and strategies to efficiently manage a project.

is it professional?

Vocab:

Professionalism: An aspect of a

designer to maintain a quality and good reputation by remaining Professional.

Vocab:

Pitch Meeting: The Initial meeting between the client and designer that outlines the basics of the project.

Maintaining professionalism with your clients and peers is a key strategy used by many. As a starting graphic designer, you need to understand that professionalism comes from the way type and speak, as well as your body language to the client. Wearing business attire, spelling words correctly, and speaking professionally are key elements to professionalism. Scheduling frequent meetings with your client is another great way to be professional, plus provide updates to your client. The Pitch Meeting is the initial meeting with the client to discuss the ideas for your project.

Chapter At the Pitch Meeting, • Talk budget for the project • Discuss your target audience and demographics • Lay out a timeline of start/end dates of each step of the project • Discuss what they want you to make, and why they want you to make it.

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Project Management Basics Scope: The work required to output a project’s end result. Change happens, and project scope management includes the process to manage scope changes and make sure the project will still come in on time and within budget. The scope is often defined by a work breakdown structure, and changes should take place only through formal change procedures.

Vocab

Method Mismatch: Methods on older/different scaled projects that may not work on a new project Scope and Method Mismatch are important concepts to implement into your project. Knowing the effort, it will take to produce a product is important, so you can allocate resources efficiently through your design company. Using methods you used on a smaller project, such as a project management software, would be very inefficient. Say you use Project Management Plus, a project management computer program designed for small scale projects, like business cards, on creating posters for a fast food firm. This would be an example of Method Mismatch. Understanding your project scope can help prevent Scope Creep, additions to a project without approval from the client that leads to your project growing out of control. Scope Creep can be common in many projects, and understanding and setting your scope and proper methods before starting can be key.

Vocab:

Scope Creep: Your project continuously grows uncontrollably, without oversight.

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IRL

The Project Management Institute® is the leader in project management technologies and development. Their model has proven successful and worth wild in many instances across the world. They have 5 simple steps to help streamline the Project Management work flow and process

? Consider this

1. Why would they develop steps for Project Management? 2. Why would they put these steps in the order there in? 3. Make a counterargument against these steps. ® PMI Logo uploaded by Mdseo999 via https://commons.wikimedia.org.

Project Management Steps Steps in completing a project (IN ORDER) (based on PMI®): • Planning and analysis • Design • Building and testing • Proofing and revising • Implementation or publishing These are the steps to completing a project. These are important, as they walk designers through an efficient process of completing a project with lots of planning and preparation. Planning and Analysis involves the initial steps to get the project ideas going. Some designers create Mock-ups or a rough sketch of the design layout. Design involves the overall creation. Whether it’s a poster or business card, this is where the planning is put into action. Designers generally send frequent rough drafts through this phase to the client. Building and Testing is where designers start to test the design. This is more present in web design, but can also be applied to print designs. For instance, designers can hold focus groups and ask other designers for feedback on designs. After testing, designers send the Final Draft to the client. Proofing and Revising come after receiving feedback from the client. This can become one of the longest steps, as receiving lots of feedback can involve a lot of corrections. Implementation and Publishing is the final step. Based on the client’s needs the Final, Final draft will be published either to the web or to print. It’s always good to stay in contact with the client after publishing to see if they need anything else or improvements. Project Management helps simplify the work flow of design. By knowing these steps, including deliverables, you’ll be able to professionally manage a relationship with your client.

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Section 1

In Conclusion, Project Management and professionalism in the workplace are key aspects for your design work flow and reputation. The more professional you are, the more likely you will receive referrals for new clients.

Consider the Following 1. Why is project management important? 2. What is scope creep? Give an example of scope creep. 3. What is method mismatch? How can you prevent it? 4. What is one quality of a designer?

Expand your thinking The Project Management Institute® is an organization that has developed standards in Project Management. These practices has been adopted as an industry standard across many boundaries. They even have certifications and mastery programs to learn the best practices for managing projects and working with clients. You can view their website at www.pmi.org PMI does not endorse this book.

© 2018 Project Management Institute, Inc. The

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Section 2

US Copyright Laws

tggEdu Standards

Guiding Question

Students will understand the basics of US Copyright Law and ways on how to prevent it interfering with designs.

What does Copyright mean? How can you prevent infringement? What is Creative Commons? What are the licenses they offer?

Vocab:

Copyright: The legal right given to a creator that lawfully protects their work or design.

Copyright is one of the MOST IMPORTANT factors that goes into designs! This can affect your entire design, mainly, the images you use within your design. Remember, copyright is the legal right given to creators that protects their work under the strict law. Copyright works last for the creator’s lifetime, plus 70 years after they die. If you are unsure about using a certain image, don’t use it, or contact the owner of the image.

REMEMBER:

Vocab:

Copyright Infringement: When you violate copyright, you are infringing on someone else’s work.

YOU MUST contact the owner of the image, or license through a 3rd party. Just giving credit to the image or in the Metadata IS NOT ACCEPTABLE and could lead to legal actions.

Fair Use

Fair Use is the principle of using copyrighted materials with specific reasons. The overall reasons/justifications for fair use are Criticism, Comment, News Reporting, Teaching, Scholarship, and Research. Some resources to keep in mind to prevent copyright infringement, are using the internet images advance search, and Creative Commons Image Database. The US Government also developed a Fair Use checker, to verify if your use is deemed fair use.

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Vocab:

Fair Use: The acceptable use of

copyright work, protected by the US Government.

Licensing

However, you can avoid copyright laws by licensing an image. This means, you have specific rights granted by an owner of copyrighted work to use the work, with specific terms. These generally require a payment, but some websites provide free to use images for commercial use.

Vocab:

Licensing: The process of gaining

executive rights to a photo that might otherwise be copyrighted.

Some designers use Creative Commons licenses to protect their work. These licenses are free for creators to attach to their work.

Understanding Creative Commons Licenses

As mentioned above, Creative Commons is a non-profit beside to help build a vibrant, global and collaborative workspace for creators by providing a system of copyright thats accessible to all. The licenses will look different, depending on the conditions set forth. For instance, the image pictured to the right states that creators are free to: Share —copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. Under the following terms: Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. As long as you see a license image and follow the policies outlined in the agreement, your aloud to use the image. Be sure to always provide credit when its due and respect the rights of others work.

Specific wording via the Creative Commons Website, under a https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/ license.

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In Conclusion, Copyright is one of the biggest driving forces of design, influencing what graphics you can and can’t use. To avoid legal actions, license or use an image in the public domain.

Consider the Following 1. Why does copyright exist? 2. Define the acceptable uses of fair use. 3. What are some resources you can use to avoid copyright? 4. How long does copyright last?

Expand your thinking

Image found via Wikipedia Commons, original image by Daniel Schwen under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license.

Back in 2011, A street artist by the name of Shepard Fairey created the iconic “Hope” poster, which was widely used in the Obama campaign. Right after printing, he started to sell them on the street, which made the posters grow in popularity. Yet, the image he used in the campaign was a copyrighted image. They both went to court to settle the scandal. At court, the owner argued that Fairey gained over $400,000 in sales from the hope image, while Fairey argued he modified the graphic so much it was covered by Fair Use policies. In the end, both agreed to settle the suit by sharing rights with the owner, although the financial terms remain undisclosed.

Section 3

Image Purpose

tggEdu Standards

Guiding Question

Students will be able to identify images that “fit” a project based on Target Audience and Demographics.

What is a Demographic and a Target Audience? How do they differ? What is Image Purpose?

Every image has a purpose. This purpose can vary from image to image. For instance, say you look at an image of your dog. What do you feel? All images have a connection to our emotions, thoughts, and sometimes your history.

You may find scenarios where you would use each of these images. As well, you may have ties (like emotional, thoughts that come to mind, or your prior experiences) to each of these images.

Common units

https://pixabay.com/en/ people-girl-female-lady-clothing-2557483/

https://pixabay.com/en/baghandbag-leather-bag-purse3068441/https:// pixabay.com/en/dog-pet-cute-puppy-3108509/

https://pixabay.com/en/ dog-pet-cute-puppy-3108509/

As a designer, you need to be able to find images for your client that are useful and fit the purpose of the business. Look at these images:

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Remember that every single image has a purpose. Every person that sees an image thinks of something. As the designer, you need to be able to recognize the purpose behind the image to designate what is appropriate for your project. Understanding your target audience, and the demographics you are appealing to, can make or break your project. Ask your client key questions, like

Vocab:

Demographics: The statistical

information behind your target audience. These can range from age, gender, etc.

• What target audience are you appealing to? (Seniors, young kids, gender, etc) These groupings are called Demographics. • What is the purpose of your business/company? • What reaction do you want from your audience? Remember, the images you choose to use in your project convey messages to audiences. You need to choose images, colors, and elements in your design that appeal to your target audience.

In Conclusion,

All images have a purpose. This will vary between projects, but everyone has an initial reaction or thoughts when they see an image. As a designer, you need to understand your target audience, demographics, and business purpose in order to efficiently design and prepare your design.

Consider the Following 1. Why do images have a “purpose?” 2. What key things, as a designer, do you need to understand? 3. Name some different businesses who would use an image of a puppy.

Expand your thinking As you meet people, you get an initial or first impression. This is the same with art and design. When you see an image or design, you either are attracted or detracted to it, based on your attention and interest. This is what professional designers do today, using eye-popping colors and attention grabbers in advertisements and designs to attract your attention within the first 5 seconds to see if they can hook your interest.

Wrap Up

A Word from Zac

Chapter #3

This is real-life designing, As a photographer, you not only have to take the photo, but conduct research and apply knowledge to what you’re composing. Your client will want a photo that produces something in return, so its important to know these key terms to efficiently produce a good end result.

Vocabulary from this Chapter: - Release Form - Professionalism - Pitch Meeting - Scope - Method Mismatch - Scope Creep - Planning and analysis - Design - Building and testing - Proofing and revising - Implementation or publishing - Copyright - Copyright Infringement - Fair Use - Licensing - Purpose - Demographics

Wrap Up

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Multiple choice Answer each of the questions. There is only one answer unless specified. 1. A concept that defines the nature of the relationship between the client and designer. a. Conduct b. Pitch c. Communication d. Professionalism 2. A concept that is used to describe the initial meeting between the client and the designer. a. Pitch b. Client c. Meeting d. Initial Reunion Use the following box to answer the next question: I. Timeline II. Budget III. Business Purpose IV. Demographics V. Target Audience 3. Using the text box above, what should be drawn up at the initial meeting with the client? a. I and II only b. II and IV only c. All of the options are correct. d. I, II, IV and V only 4. Billy is planning a project. What step should come next? a. Implementation or Publishing b. Proofing and Revising c. Building and Testing d. Design e. Planning and Analysis 5. When you’re working with your co-workers.... a. Maintain a casual environment b. Have frequent office parties c. Maintain a professional environment d. None

6. A project experiences __________ when projects grow uncontrollably. a. Scope Creep b. Slope Creep c. Slope Crash d. Scope Crash 7. ____________ refers to using the same methods across different project scales. a. Method Similarities b. Method Frenzies c. Method Commonalities d. Method Mismatch 8. All images have a… a. Reason b. The Same Quality c. Purpose d. Common Structure

Reasoning

Fill in the blank with the most appropriate term. 9. This term refers to the authorized use of an image by the US Government.

10. This term refers to a thing that gives you permission to use a copyrighted photo.

11. This term refers to the first step in any project, which is also known as a “planning meeting.”

12. This term refers to a sketch of a design that is drawn before moving to the computer.

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Wrap Up

Chapter

#4

The Nifty Gritty Before advancing, here’s some stuff you need to know about images after importing them t your computer.

Standards in this Chapter

Lessons: Section 1: Design Principles Section 2: Image Properties

Guiding Questions: What are the design principles? How do they define “design?” How can we apply the design principles to real life?

Chapter Summary: Although a lot of this chapter appears in my design textbooks, you should know these terms as a photographer to apply them to your photos and other creations.

What are properties of images? Why does this matter for photographers?

Section 1 tggEdu Standards

Design Principles

Guiding Question What are the Design Principles and how can we use them to essentially define “design?”

Although these are important to graphical layouts and spreads, the design principles are a great way to help establish depth and take better photos. The Design Principles are the basic building blocks of design.

Repetition

Repetition refers to an element repeating more than once on a design. It’s good to repeat colors, fonts, and other elements on a design. Having too much diversity within a design gets very visually unattractive and busy for readers.

Vocab:

Repetition: an element, color, or

asset repeating, more than once, on a design.

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tggEdu Educational Center Come to our center to take tests!

tggEdu Educational Center Come to our center to take tests!

Look at the 2 business cards above. While the one on the left demonstrates repetition, the right card shows too many changes in fonts, as well as the font size, does not repeat. Remember when your designing, less is more. Use less colors, repeat less shapes, keep it clean. By using and following those brief tips, the repetition will look constant and visually appealing to the eye. Vocab:

Contrast: The color difference in the background and foreground elements.

IRL

Contrast is one of the most important design elements in the entire world! I remember doing Poetry Presentations in 10th grade and remembering people using a purple highlight with a dark blue font. Could you even read that? Now try imaging to read it from 10 feet away. You may not have realized it, but you may have fallen to this in the past. Be cautious and aware of what you can and can’t read!

? Consider this

1. Why was it hard to read? 2. Why would someone choose one of these combinations? 3. How does visibility (with regards to space) affect perception of colors?

Contrast

Contrast refers to the difference in color between the foreground and background. For instance, if I were to write this textbook in a bright yellow, do you think you could read it? The contrast between white and yellow is poor. Having good contrast between your background and foreground is key to making your design readable and visually appealing.

tggEdu Educational Center Come to our center to take tests!

tggEdu Educational Center Come to our center to take tests!

Looking at the business card examples, the one on the left is readable, with the element (or the text), a nice black with a purple background. Yet, the one on the right is the same purple background with a light pink type. Understanding contrast, with relation to screen size, is crucial. For instance, the contrast of Yellow and Blue may look strong on your normal PC device, yet if you project those colors on a projector, they may look different. This is because of the resolution and PPI, which will be discussed in the next chapter.

Chapter

Proximity

Proximity is the principle of space with meaning. It also can be conveyed as placing related elements together in your design. For instance, placing an email and phone number next to each other makes sense, as they are both information of a business. Being aware of what your elements mean and convey allows for easy placement in your design.

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Vocab:

Proximity:

The spacing your design elements on a canvas with thought and meaning.

tggEdu Educational Center Come to our center to take tests!

tggEdu Educational Center Come to our center to take tests!

The card on the left demonstrates a solid knowledge of proximity. The address lines are grouped separately from the title and tag line. Yet, in the image on the right, the description may be aligned, but they are separated, with the address not aligned. This makes the overall design look weird. Remember, you want to group and align simpler information to achieve good Proximity. Vocab:

Alignment:

The in-line/lining up of elements on a canvas.

Alignment

Alignment refers to the overall in-line of elements. This can also refer to elements being centered, aligned to the right/left, or anywhere on the page. Types of alignment: Left

Scale

Center

Right

Scale refers to the size of certain elements on a page. Depending on how big or small something is determines what the scale is. Sometimes, your scale should be bigger than others to emphasize titles or headings.

IRL

Consider the design and layout of cities. Cities, like New York follow some of the design principles. For instance, New York uses Proximity in its ethic neighborhoods, like Chinatown, grouping similar store genres and cultures together.

? Consider this

1. What other design principles apply to cities, like New York? 2. What other cities follow these design principles? 3. How does the design principles apply in other aspects of life, outside of design?

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tggEdu Educational Center Come to our center to take tests!

tggEdu Educational Center

Come to our center to take tests!

Depicted in the business cards above, the scale on the left is good, as the title is bigger than the text that proceeds it. While on the right, the scale of the title forces the other elements off the card, only showing part of the address.

Harmony

There are lots more design principles in the world. Yet, one a lot of people have trouble with is Harmony. All Harmony details are that all parts of the image/design relate and complement each other, it pulls the image into one unified unit.

Chapter

Reading Histograms:

As we will discuss later, you’ll be able to see the spread of colors in a photo using a special panel within the program. This type of graph is known as a Histogram.

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Vocab:

Color Histogram: A Graph that shows the camera information and spread of colors, including the value.

From a Histogram, you can tell - The Lens Size of a Photo (including ISO) - The Shutter Speed of the Camera - The Colors most/least dominant in a photo. In this example, notice where all the color is, on the left. This is because this is a dark photo. Image the X-axis as Value. The farther you are to the left, the darker your image is. The Colors appear to be dark, as well. In this example, the image is still dark, yet the Light is being picked up more than the previous example. The Blue appears to be darker than the Yellow and Red, since it is further to the left. In this example, the image has a more diverse color range, with more shadow. You can tell that the Blue is still dark, while the Yellow ranges from dark to light. Notice the color model, can you tell which one it is? In this example, the image is practically shades of yellow and white. The image is really bright, with little to no value of darkness present on the image.

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In Conclusion, In order to create better photos, we can understand the Design Principles and attempt to apply them in our photos. First, we can start to realize the trends in great photos by looking at the design principles of Proximity, Scale, Contrast, Harmony, Repetition, and Alignment. When there is a balance of all these principles on a design, we tend to notice more and admire these designs. As you start to grasp and develop your designer mind, you will be able to understand when you have bad proximity, contrast, repetition, and scale. By executing and implementing good practices of the design principles, your design will develop Harmony and look better visually to the eye.

Consider the Following 1. Why do these principles exist? 2. Where do you see these principles executed in Reality? 3. Out of all the design principles, which is most important? Why?

Expand your thinking Use the internet to look up designs like logos, posters, or business cards, Then, analyze the design principles and see how professional designers implement the design principles on their designs.

Section 2

Image Properties

tggEdu Standards

Guiding Question

Students will be able to understand image terminology, file types and resolutions.

What are the different file extensions? How do they differ? What is Image Resolution, how does it affect Quality?

All images have a set of properties. Yet, these can differ between images. For instance, a more colorful image may have a set of different properties than an image that is just black and white. These properties are also known as Resolution and File Type. To identify these properties, just look at the file icon on your computer. Resolution (also known as dimensions) is the image size (width by height) which is generally measured in Pixels. There are a few common resolutions to remember when designing.

Vocab:

Resolution: The digital dimensions of an image or graphic.

Common Image Resolutions: Common units px = Pixels, these are small dots on your screen. The resolution specifies how many rows and columns of pixels there are. in=Inches, these measurements are used in Print. pt=Points, used to measure font size. pica=Picas, Used to represent horizontal measurements mm=Millimeters, Smaller than an inch cm=Centimeters, Bigger than Millimeters cicero=Cicero, Measurement used in Europe in the early days. agate=Agate, the original name for 5H type. Used in Typography

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When it comes to resolution, there are a few different types of resolution you need to know about. They all have minimal differences, but are crucial to understanding resolution.

Other Resolution Terms:

Vocab:

Dots Per Inch (DPI): Used for

Printing, how many printing color dots are per inch.

Pixels Per Inch (PPI): Used for

Digital Publishing, how many Pixels are per inch.

A quick thing: If you hear PPI or DPI, these both relate with how many dots and pixels there are per inch. PPI means Pixels per Inch and is for digital imaging, while DPI stands for Dots per Inch and relates to printing.

File Types

When publishing your design, it’s important to be aware of the file type you’re going to publish and the file type you’re using in your design.

IRL

People started to argue on how to pronounce “gif” back in 2011. While some people demanded that it was pronounced g-i-ff, some people made the case of it being pronounced j-i-ff. There is no exact way to pronounce the word, but this “feud” of dialects has been prevalent in pop culture.

? Consider this

1. How does the word “gif” sound different? 2. Why would this argument break out on the internet? 3. Which side do you agree with?

Common File Extensions:

These are some common file types to be familiar with when working with digital imaging applications. Let’s talk about each of these file types and explain the advantages and disadvantages of these file types.

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Section 2

GIF:

This file allows for animation, allowing users to combine pictures into a fast burst of animation. This type of file is most commonly used in Stop Motion Animation, yet it doesn’t have a wide array of colors, and has transparency issues. Vocab:

PNG:

PNG-8: 256 colors and 1

This file allows for transparency and smaller image sizes. It’s better for uploading to the Internet with limited space. Yet, it does not support animation. The .png has two variants, 8 and 24.

bit transparency. Smaller than .gif files

PNG-24: 24-bit colors,

like .jpeg. Can include over 16 million colors, yet has lossless compressions (larger sizes than .jpeg).

JPEG:

This file is most common with photographers. It allows for a lot of colors and details, yet it can come at a hefty file size and does not support transparency.

IRL

TiFF

This file is capable and is the best for printing onto paper or other physical means and also allows for a lot of flexibility in colors. But, these images come at a hefty file size. Also, it can be uncompressed at a high resolution.

TIFF Files are not commonly known in the digital design world, but are one of the most common print files, next to pdf.

BMP

This is known as a bitmap. Bitmap images are great for storing lots of information. They are also vectors, yet they come with a bigger file size.

Raw Image

Simply, this is the “raw” or fresh data from your camera. This means, its unusable code, unless you have an external software that can process it.

FLV/swf

This type of file is used for animation. It’s good to publish to the web and is more dynamic than creating a gif. Instead of registering as a still image, it registers as a video file.

? Consider this 1. What color mode does a TIFF file use? 2. How do TIFF files differ from other types of files?

000000 007000 000007 007970 585858 965855 856854 474848 474884 858589 478484 85

3. Why would a designer use a TIFF file?

Section 2

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FLV/swf

This file is the main video file, usable across all computers. It can be rendered in HD, 4K, and every resolution between and below those. There aren’t a lot of disadvantages, except varying file sizes.

Chapter

Review - File Size

During your life on a computer, you may have encountered terms like Gigabyte or Terabyte. These are known as a File’s Size. Your computer comes with a predefined amount of space, for instance 1 Terabyte, 500 Gigabytes. Your photos, videos and apps will eat away at this predefined amount of storage. As a designer, you need to understand the basics of file storage and size because as you place assets into your design, your file size expands, unless you choose to compress it using an external tool.

4

Section 2

Understanding File Measurements

As we defined above, the base measurements are Bytes. After that, prefixes help define the rest of the measurements. If you know these prefixes by heart, then this will be easy for you. Byte Kilobyte Megabyte Gigabyte Terabyte Pentabyte Exabyte Zettabyte Yottabyte

1 10241 10242 10243 10244 10245 10246 10247 10248

So, for instance in 1 Kilobyte, there would be 1024 Bytes. In 1 Gigabyte, there would be 1,073,741,824 bytes (if you simplify, it would be 1024 Megabytes). Here is another table that may explain it better: Byte Kilobyte Megabyte Gigabyte Terabyte Pentabyte Exabyte Zettabyte Yottabyte

1 1024 Bytes 1024 Kilobytes 1024 Megabytes 1024 Gigabytes 1024 Terabytes 1024 Pentabytes 1024 Exabytes 1024 Zettabytes

As a photographer, your photos will probably only be in the Kilobyte and Megabyte range, rarely dipping into a Terabyte or even a Gigabyte.

Vocab:

Byte: The Base Unit of File Measurement for computer technologies.

Section 3

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In Conclusion, Images and graphics have a varying and differing set of properties. As a designer, you need to make informed choices when choosing what file type, resolution and what type of graphic you will be using. As well, you need to be aware of the file size you’re bringing into the canvas.

Consider the Following 1. Whats the difference between Raster and Vector graphics? 2. When would one use a bitmap image? 3. A .mp4 file is primarily used to do what?

By original: Gunnar Bach Pedersen; for that version: Louis le Grand - Image:Thorvaldsen Cicero.jpg, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2872645

Expand your thinking Marcus Tullius Cicero was a famous Roman politician and lawyer. The Cicero, as discussed in this chapter, is a measurement originated in Europe. Arnold Pannartz and Konrad Sweynheym were some of the first to adapt this size of font in the 15th century. In 1467, the two printers left Subiaco and migrated to Rome, where their family resided. That same year, they published an edition of Cicero’s letters, giving it the name “Cicero”.

By Conradus Sweynheym and Arnoldus Pannartz - Veröffentlichungen der Gesellschaft für Typenkunde des 15. Jahrhundertshttp://www.ndl.go.jp/incunabula/ glossary/glo_30_01.html, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=22537738

Wrap Up

A Word from Zac

Chapter #4

Although it may seem confusing and weird to discuss these terms, I wanted to preface Design with some information that you may not realize you’re using and implementing each day. With Design Principles, you’ll be able to realize and create designs that are effective to a general audience. With Color and Typography terms memorized, you’ll know the language that will be presented within design programs. And finally with Image terminology, like File Size, you’ll be mindful and aware of your designs specs and technical information.

Wrap Up

Chapter

4

Assessment

Answer each of the questions. There is only one answer unless specified. 1. This design principle is known for the consistency of a certain element on screen. a. Scale b. Contrast c. Repetition d. Proximity 2. This design principle is known for the placement of elements in line with each other. a. Scale b. Contrast c. Alignment d. Proximity 3. Which file type is used to send photos quickly to the Internet? a. JPEG b. GIF c. PNG d. TIFF 4. This term refers to how many pixels of these are in an inch (3 letters, please)

5. Circles that are big in size are grouped together, while smaller circles are grouped together. This is a demonstration what design principle?

6. A tall building stands among many small buildings. This image demonstrates what design principle?

7. Rectangles are all in line with each other. This demonstrates what design principle?

Chapter

Visual Assessment

4

After reading this chapter, read this prompt and take a photo that best fits the prompt.

PROMPT:

Jill is a photographer and wants a neat photo idea and some inspiration. Pick one of the design principles you learned to CREATIVELY find something in nature and take a photo of it.

Rubric: Category Quality - The photo turned out good and professional. Originality - The photo was original and on subject. Knowledge - The correct settings, lenses, etc, were well chosen and executed. Use of Equipment - The photo-taking process was smooth and professional.

Poor

Average

Excelling

Wrap Up

Part #2:

Learn

In Part 2, we will learn about what editing tools and strategies you can use to fine tune your photos.

Part #2: Learn Chapter #5: Using CC Section 1: Using CC

First things first, The CC 2018 update introduced a new Lightroom® known as Lightroom® CC. That means, there are two different versions of Lightroom®, CC and Classic. I will only be covering the CC Version, pictured to the Left. This is due to Adobe ending updates to the classic version, somewhat mainly supporting the CC Version. This section will be quick, as the program is fairly easy to use.

Chapter

#5

Using CC

As time evolves, software evolves with time. So too Lightroom® CC. It completely got an overhaul as internet became more relevant, creating a unique cloud photo experience.

Standards in this Chapter

Lessons: Section 1: Using CC

Guiding Questions: What is Lightroom® CC? What are the differences in it between Classic and CC?

Time to use Lightroom® Now it’s time to use Lightroom® CC. Be sure to get a free trial on adobe.com or download it via the CC desktop application.

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Section 1

Using CC

tggEdu Standards

Guiding Question What is Lightroom® CC? What are the differences in it between Classic and CC?

Lightroom® may seem like an odd piece of software to have by novice designers. Yet, it offers so much more than the average designer may first realize. Lightroom® allows designers and photographers to manipulate color and apply dynamic filters to the raw image. Lightroom® can also import photos to your computer from your camera, replacing the computer function, and imminently allow you to apply filters once the import is complete. In the 2018 release, a new version of Lightroom®, dubbed Lightroom® CC which overhauled the process and UI. Adobe left the old Lightroom® alone, calling it Lightroom® Classic.

Chapter

5

The Lightroom® Layout looks like this, your pictures on the left, and edits on the right. Try opening a photo yourself. The main toolbar looks like this: Edit – Edit the content of your photo

Crop and Rotate

Healing Brush

Brush

Linear Gradient

Radical Gradient

Section 1

Section 1

Chapter

5

There are 5 main options to manipulate and edit the color and detail of your photos:

Profile Light Color Effects Details

As I’ve stated in the past few chapters, cropping makes your image smaller or larger, based on what you want to do. We can apply and change our photos to make them follow the Rule of 3rds.

By cropping the image, we can apply this image that did not follow the Rule of 3rds to follow it to a tee.

The healing brush allows you to heal some of your image blemishes, or it can act like the clone stamp tool, replacing some of your image with another part of the image.

Notice the arrow shows what is being replaced with what. The finger and the green replace the logo on the shirt.

Next is the brush. This tool allows you to paint a certain area with different edit effects. For instance, say you have a part of an image you want more exposure on than the rest of the image. You can use the brush tool, and paint the area of the image you want more exposure on. This can apply to any of the filters presented in the edit tool area.

Chapter

5

Section 1

Section 1

Chapter

5

Linear Gradients apply a graded difference of edited effects. Like the brush tool, linear gradients allow users to use the same editing tools to apply a gradient. For instance, you can apply a gradient to move from a high to low vibrancy.

The line represents the end of the gradient, and notice how the gradient can be changed from edge to edge.

Chapter

5

A radical gradient works in the same manner that a linear one does. Instead. The gradient is a radical, circular gradient.

Section 1

Activity Files

You can download ALL of the activity files in a WORD format at thedigitalway.club

NAME: Activity A, Lesson #1-1

IDENTIFICATION Look at the following pictures and pick which ISO level the photos are at based on their appearance.

1.

The ISO Is _______________ (1600 or 6400)

2.

The ISO is _______________ (200 or 600)

3.

The ISO is ________________ (400 or 800)

Label the common ISO values from 100  6400.

Brightest

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity B, Lesson #1-1

Exemplification Order the following images from least to greatest shutter speed.

Now, organize the images above based on the Exposure.

What do you notice between these questions and the image organization?

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity C, Lesson #1-1

Chapter Synthesis Using the knowledge gained from the chapter, answer the following questions. Label the body of this camera:

1. What is ISO? a. The measure of the Lens. b. The measure of sensitivity. c. The measure of the White Balance. d. None 2. T or F: Without the lens, the camera is known as the Body.

3. Fill in the blank: The higher the f/stop—the ____________ the opening in the lens

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Essay, Lesson #1-1

Essay Using the knowledge gained from the chapter, write a well-formed paragraph pertaining to the passage below.

DISCUSS: What correlation does Exposure have to ISO?

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Visual Composition, Lesson #1-1

Visual Composition Read the following prompt and explanation, then use your new skills to take a photo.

The power of Water is an amazing one, in fact, it’s really cool to look at. Water has the power to create a reflection. Use water droplets and a shiny ground to creatively mimic the photo seen above. Consider what lens you use, as well as the angle you shoot at.

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity A, Lesson #1-2

IDENTIFICATION Considering what you’ve learned about lenses, PREDICT what lens may have a longer diameter based on the photos presented. DIAMETER: segment passing through the center of the circle and whose endpoints lie on the circle.

Review the textbook on page 22 when these pictures are brought up. What do you notice about the mm measurement of these photos?

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity B, Lesson #1-2

Chapter Synthesis Using the knowledge gained from the chapter, answer the following questions. 1. What is a Lens?

2. T or F: A Lens is categorized by its mm rating.

3. Fill in the blank: _____________ may be a single piece of glass like you see in a magnifying glass.

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Essay, Lesson #1-2

Essay Using the knowledge gained from the chapter, write a well-formed paragraph pertaining to the passage below.

DISCUSS: How do you tell the difference between different lenses?

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Visual Composition, Lesson #1-2

Visual Composition Read the following prompt and explanation, then use your new skills to take a photo.

By lowering the shutter speed in an image, we can create an amazing effect. The rate at which the shutter closes and opens can make it look like the image is slowed down. We can use light to make fun stuff, like shapes. Use lights, such as glow sticks or a flashlight, and LOWER the shutter speed on a DSLR camera to create a look alike photo. Consider what lens you use, as well as the angle you shoot at.

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity A, Lesson #1-3

IDENTIFICATION Based on the loose description, describe and identify the type of camera equipment.

Photo

Identify

Function

I have 3 legs and can hold a camera steady.

I am smaller than your finger yet can hold lots of things.

When your tackling some nature photography, I can be your courtesy walking stick.

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity B, Lesson #1-3

Exemplification Using the XTRA INFORMATION box in the Texbook, answer the following questions.

What is the biggest file measurement?

What is the smallest file measurement?

How many bytes are in a megabyte?

How many bytes are in a terabyte?

How many megabytes are in a gigabyte?

How many bytes are in a byte?

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity C, Lesson #1-3

Chapter Synthesis Using the knowledge gained from the chapter, answer the following questions. Identify the following equipment:

1. Of the following, which one is the BIGGEST? a. Megabyte b. Gigabyte c. Terabyte d. None

2. T or F: A monopod has 3 legs.

3. Fill in the blank: These little buddies are the ____________ of your camera.

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Essay, Lesson #1-3

Essay Using the knowledge gained from the chapter, write a well-formed paragraph pertaining to the passage below.

DISCUSS: Why would someone use a Monopod vs a Tripod?

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Visual Composition, Lesson #1-3

Visual Composition Read the following prompt and explanation, then use your new skills to take a photo.

By Davide Restivo from Aarau, Switzerland - Drops #3, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=29803978

Water splashing on a pond or other body of water looks really cool, especially when you take a photo of it. Take a photo of water creating a ripple on another body of water. Consider what lens you use, as well as the angle you shoot at.

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity A, Lesson #2-1

IDENTIFICATION Look at the photos and write the mood that comes to mind, like happy or sad, then detail why you picked that.

Photo

Mood

Explain

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity B, Lesson #2-1

Exemplification Based on the image displayed, explain why the mood word could apply based on the 3 reasonings for mood.

Nostalgic Lighting

Framing

Subject

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity C, Lesson #2-1

Chapter Synthesis Using the knowledge gained from the chapter, answer the following questions. Identify the 3 main influences of MOOD and give a brief reasoning behind them:

1. Which of the following would NOT be a mood word for this photo? a. Nostalgic b. Angry c. Excited d. Sad

2. T or F: Every photo has a mood.

3. Fill in the blank: Blank and White may make a _______________ statement

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Essay, Lesson #2-1

Essay Using the knowledge gained from the chapter, write a well-formed paragraph pertaining to the passage below.

DISCUSS: Of the 3 factors that influence mood, which would be the most influential? Why?

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Visual Composition, Lesson #2-1

Visual Composition Read the following prompt and explanation, then use your new skills to take a photo.

As I mentioned, we did a great assignment our teacher dubbed, “White Backdrop Portraits,” where we were given 5 minutes to take photos using artificial lights against a white backdrop. Write 3-5 moods and take photos of a friend against a white backdrop, using artificial lights. After uploading them to your computer, ask another friend what they think and describe the photo in one or two mood-like words. See if they were close to what you were going for. Consider what lens you use, as well as the angle you shoot at.

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity A, Lesson #2-2

IDENTIFICATION DIRECTIONS: Look at the type of lightning techniques, and draw out where your light, camera, and subject should be. Be sure to also note other factors, such as windows. Also, note the DISTANCES, and approx. ANGLES! I have done the first one for you.

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity A, Lesson #2-2

Loop Lighting

Draw: Camera, Reflector, Screen, 2 Subjects, Light Source What does this setup do… •

To the subject? _________________________________________________

•

To the picture? _________________________________________________

•

To the wallet? __________________________________________________

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity A, Lesson #2-2

Rembrandt Lighting HINT: Look at the window position.

Draw: Camera, Subject, Screen, Light What does this setup do… •

To the subject? _________________________________________________

•

To the picture? _________________________________________________

•

To the wallet? __________________________________________________

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity A, Lesson #2-2

Butterfly Lighting

Draw: Camera, Screen, Light, Subject What does this setup do… •

To the subject? _________________________________________________

•

To the picture? _________________________________________________

•

To the wallet? __________________________________________________

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity A, Lesson #2-2

Broad Lighting

Draw: Camera, Subject, Light What does this setup do… •

To the subject? _________________________________________________

•

To the picture? _________________________________________________

•

To the wallet? __________________________________________________

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity A, Lesson #2-2

Short Lighting

Draw: Camera, Subject, Light What does this setup do… •

To the subject? _________________________________________________

•

To the picture? _________________________________________________

•

To the wallet? __________________________________________________

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity B, Lesson #2-2

Exemplification Sort the following camera tips into DO’s and DON’T’s

-

Frame your Subject Use Artificial Lighting when you can! Use Natural Light! Wash out your photos! Use overhead lighting where available! Let the settings auto adjust!

DO’s

DON’T’s

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity C, Lesson #2-2

Chapter Synthesis Using the knowledge gained from the chapter, answer the following questions. Draw a Diagram for each listed lighting strategy below: Loop

Butterfly

Short

1. T or F: A Washout is GREAT to have in a photo!

2. Fill in the blank: It’s important to adjust your Camera Settings, such as _________________ and ISO.

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Essay, Lesson #2-2

Essay Using the knowledge gained from the chapter, write a well-formed paragraph pertaining to the passage below.

DISCUSS: Why would a Washout look bad on a subject?

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Visual Composition, Lesson #2-2

Visual Composition Read the following prompt and explanation, then use your new skills to take a photo.

Although a washout is bad, lens flares are a neat effect to pull off in a camera. Attempt to use Natural Light to create a lens flare effect. Consider what lens you use, as well as the angle you shoot at.

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity A, Lesson #2-3

IDENTIFICATION Look at the photos and draw the Grid Lines that would appear to apply the Rule of 3rds. NOTE: Although we discussed the subject should be in the CENTER, it is OK if they appear to the side. DRAW THE LINES SO THE SUBJECT IS IN THE CENTER!

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity B, Lesson #2-3

Exemplification Identify what’s wrong with these photos based on the terms we discussed in this chapter.

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity B, Lesson #2-3 Identify the camera angle based on the photo and DESCRIBE a scenario where it would work.

Photo

Identify

Describe

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity C, Lesson #2-3

Chapter Synthesis Using the knowledge gained from the chapter, answer the following questions. Describe the Rule of 3rds:

Sketch an example of each term: Diagonals

Leading Lines

1. T or F: The Rule of 3rds applies just to Subject Photography.

2. Fill in the blank: First, make sure you have a _______________ background, like a white or black background with no posters or flyer’s on the wall.

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Essay, Lesson #2-1

Essay Using the knowledge gained from the chapter, write a well-formed paragraph pertaining to the passage below.

DISCUSS: Why do we follow the rule of 3rds and why is it important?

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Visual Composition, Lesson #2-3

Visual Composition Read the following prompt and explanation, then use your new skills to take a photo.

Here is a Cookie. Pay close attention to the details of the cookie. Get a cookie of any kind and frame it from different angles. Maybe take a bite of the cookie and capture the crumbs? Make sure you light the background and have a neutral background of one color. Consider what lens you use, as well as the angle you shoot at.

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity A, Lesson #2-4

IDENTIFICATION Look at the images and describe if the image is good or bad. Defend your answer using terminology from this section and chapter.

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity B, Lesson #2-4

Exemplification Based on what you learned, describe the settings that you should adjust for the following situation in Manual Mode.

Susan is taking photos of a sports game with overhead lights at a School Gym.

ISO

White Balance

Shutter Speed

Aperture

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity C, Lesson #2-4

Chapter Synthesis Using the knowledge gained from the chapter, answer the following questions. Describe Focus:

What 4 things can you configure in Manual Mode? 1. 2. 3. 4.

1. T or F: Aperture depends on your subjects placement, like to the left.

2. Fill in the blank: Moving subjects will require a ____________ shutter speed to stop the action without a blur.

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Essay, Lesson #2-4

Essay Using the knowledge gained from the chapter, write a well-formed paragraph pertaining to the passage below.

DISCUSS: How does focus change one's perspective of an image?

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Visual Composition, Lesson #2-4

Visual Composition Read the following prompt and explanation, then use your new skills to take a photo.

After discussing Manual Mode, Take a photo using Manual Mode. The subject is up to you, just use Manual Mode. Consider what lens you use, as well as the angle you shoot at.

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity A, Lesson #3-1

Identification Fill out the table based on the steps of Project Management and give a brief description of each step. Step

Description

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity B, Lesson #3-1

Exemplification Use pmi.org and go on a WebQuest to answer the following questions. How many certifications does the PMI offer?

How many global members are a part of the PMI?

Who is the current PMI President and CEO?

Fill in the blank: “Ethics is the discipline of ___________”

What website does PMI offer other templates on?

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity C, Lesson #3-1

Chapter synthesis Answer the following questions about the chapter. Name the steps of Project Management in order 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Fill in the blank: Maintaining _____________ is key in a client-designer relationship.

When should you show a mock up to a client? Why?

What is Scope Creep and Method Mismatch?

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Essay, Lesson #3-1

Essay Read the following scenario and describe in a paragraph format how to fix or explain it.

Bill is working with a Graphic Design client on a project. He wants to manage his project as effectively as he can. WRITE: An essay to Bill on how to manage his project effectively and efficiently. BE SURE TO: - Answer the question accurately - Use a paragraph format, with effective transitions - Check mechanics – spelling, capitalization and grammar.

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity A, Lesson #3-2

Identification Look at the scenario and write a response.

Bill: Man, this logo from this company is so cool, I think I may use it! You:

Bill: Why not? The logo would be fair use, right? This is a poster for a school bake sale! You:

Bill: How about this kid holding lemonade that has a Creative Commons License? It says we can use it if we provide an attribution… You:

Bill: OK, sounds good. Thanks for the helpful tips!

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity B, Lesson #3-2

Exemplification Use the web to find an image that may be Copyrighted or in the Public Domain and write a scenario that fits the category, either copyrighted or public domain (pick 1). Image

Scenario of Fair Use

Scenario of Public Domain

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity C, Lesson #3-2

Chapter synthesis Answer the following questions about the chapter. Name the acceptable points of Fair Use: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Fill in the blank: Copyright means _______________________________.

What a. b. c. d.

is the amount of time a copyright lasts? 40 years to death 80 years, and 300 years past death All the creators’ life, plus 70 years. The creator’s life.

Define Creative Commons License, and why it’s significant.

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Essay, Lesson #3-2

Essay Read the following scenario and describe in a paragraph format how to fix or explain it.

Susan is writing an essay on how Fair Use affects the use of assets in designs in Schools and Educational Practices. WRITE: An essay to Susan describing the acceptable uses of Fair use and when it would apply to certain situations. BE SURE TO: - Answer the question accurately - Use a paragraph format, with effective transitions - Check mechanics – spelling, capitalization and grammar.

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity A, Lesson #3-3

Identification Use the provided images to write a scenario/situation of each image (find a purpose for each image).

Purpose:

Purpose:

Purpose:

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity B, Lesson #3-3

Exemplification Based on each scenario presented in the chart, find an image on Google that matches the business. Situation Susan has a clothing business, mainly for males.

Bill has a recreation center, designed for seniors to have some extreme fun and live their lives.

Mike has a swim center designed for all ages to come and get healthy!

Write 3-5 sentence of why you chose the images you chose.

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity C, Lesson #3-3

Chapter synthesis Answer the following questions about the chapter. What is purpose?

Fill in the blank: All images have an ______________________________.

What a. b. c. d.

is a target audience? The audience that you are not trying to appeal to The audience who you're directing your content to. The audience your design is trying to appeal to. Not here

Define Demographics. What is the significance of these statistics?

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Essay, Lesson #3-3

Essay Read the following scenario and describe in a paragraph format how to fix or explain it.

Jill wants the definition of Target Audience and Demographics. WRITE: An essay to Susan describing the difference between a Target Audience and Demographics. BE SURE TO: - Answer the question accurately - Use a paragraph format, with effective transitions - Check mechanics – spelling, capitalization and grammar.

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity A, Lesson #4-1

Identification Look at the pictures and identify the Design Principle being executed. If there is more than one, pick which one is stronger.

1. ___________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________________

3. ___________________________________________________

4. ___________________________________________________

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity B, Lesson #4-1

Exemplification Use Google Images or sketch an example that matches the design principles. These should be logos, branding, etc. Principle Harmony

Example

Explain

Contrast

Scale

Repetition

Proximity

Alignment

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity C, Lesson #4-1

Chapter synthesis Answer the following questions about the chapter. Name the 5 main elements of design: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Fill in the blank: Having good ________________ between your background and foreground is key to make your design readable and visually appealing.

What a. b. c. d. e.

element of design refers to the principle of space, with meaning? Contrast Scale Repetition Harmony Proximity

Name the 3 types of alignment: 1. 2. 3.

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Essay, Lesson #4-1

Essay Read the following scenario and describe in a paragraph format how to fix or explain it.

Jill is in Graphic Design Class and is studying the design principles. She is confused what the significance of harmony even is. WRITE: A letter to Jill about the prompt. BE SURE TO: - Answer the question accurately - Use a paragraph format, with effective transitions - Check mechanics – spelling, capitalization and grammar.

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity A, Lesson #4-2

Identification

Wow

1080px

Look at the following examples and define what resolution it is.

Wow

2160px

1920px

8.5in

3840px

Wow Wow

4in

11in

6in

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity B, Lesson #4-2

Exemplification Use Google Images or sketch an example of each type of file. Type of File

Example

Explain

.gif

.png

.jpeg

.tiff

.bmp

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Activity C, Lesson #4-2

Chapter synthesis Answer the following questions about the chapter. Name the 7 common resolutions and define their measurements. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Fill in the blank: For instance, a more ___________ image may have a set of different properties than an image that is just ____________________.

What a. b. c. d.

type of file preserves transparency? .jpeg .flv .gif .png

What is the difference between a PNG-8 and PNG-24 file?

TDW Photography 1st Edition

NAME: Essay, Lesson #4-2

Essay Read the following scenario and describe in a paragraph format how to fix or explain it.

Bill is analyzing the difference between file types and is exploring how and what file type to use for his printing project in Advanced Graphic Design. WRITE: A detailed letter to Bill explaining the difference between file types, AND detail what file Bill should use and why. BE SURE TO: - Answer the question accurately - Use a paragraph format, with effective transitions - Check mechanics – spelling, capitalization and grammar.

TDW Photography 1st Edition

Vocabulary

All of the vocabulary from the book, packed in here, just for you!

agate=Agate: the original name for 5H type. Used in Typography Alignment: The in-line/lining up of elements on a canvas. Aperture Priority: An exposure system that can be customized on the camera. Aperture: The amount of light that passes through the diaphragm of the lens. This is represented in f/ notation. Artificial Light: Light that is generated by electricity, generally fluorescent. Body: Just the Screen and controls of the DSLR Camera. Can also be called the Body of the Camera. Byte: The Base Unit of File Measurement for computer technologies. Camcorder: A longer bodied camera, designed mainly to take videos, but it can take photos if desired. Camera Phone: A phone that has smart technologies enabled, including the use of a Camera attached to the device, generally including an Inner and outward camera. cicero=Cicero: Measurement used in Europe in the early days. Close Up: Showing the subject, but the focus on one part of the subject. This may be the face, or a profile of the subject. cm=centimeters: One centimeter is equal to ten Millimeters Color Histogram: A Graph that shows the camera information and spread of colors, including the value. Contrast: The color difference in the background and foreground elements. Copyright Infringement: When you violate copyright, you are infringing on someone else’s work. Copyright: The legal right given to a creator that lawfully protects their work or design. Demographics: The statistical information behind your target audience. These can range from age, gender, etc. Diagonals: Using diagonal lines within a photo to guide the viewers eye through the photograph. Diffuser Light: A light that uses a screen to diffuse light. Dots Per Inch (DPI): Used for Printing, how many printing color dots are per inch. DSLR Camera: A heavy bodied camera. DSLR Camera stands for Digital Single Lens Reflex Camera

Empty Space: Space on your photo that has no meaning or is blank. Exposure: The amount of lighting in your photo per square unit. Exposure helps set the tone and mood of a photo. Extreme Long Shot: Shows the subject barely in view. The focus is mainly the setting or scenery, and the elements that fill it. Fair Use: The acceptable use of copyright work, protected by the US Government. Flash: Pops up on the camera when you need a flash for low light situations. Focus: Refers to the clarity of your subject in relation to the background. Framing: The composition of your photo, what the viewer can see edge to edge Grain: Digital noise that can be the result of the ISO being set too high. Headroom: The space above the subjects head. in=Inches: these measurements are used in Print. ISO: The measure of sensitivity of the image. A higher ISO will mean the camera will be more sensitive to light. Leading Lines: Aligning elements within your photo to tell a story or lead somewhere. Lens Mount: Allows the mounting of an external lens. Lens: A cylinder containing glass elements that allows the camera to “see”. The part of the camera that allows photos to be taken, like a human iris. Licensing: The process of gaining executive rights to a photo that might otherwise be copyrighted. Lighting: The brightness of an image, illuminates, creates shadows. Long Shot: Shows the subject in its entirety. This means, the subject is in view from head to toe. The details may be in view, but that is not the focal point of the shot. Manual Mode: A camera mode that requires users to configure all settings and options. Medium Shot: May show the subject in view, but not completely in view. This may be from the torso up, or the torso down. This will show an equal amount of details and the subject. Method Mismatch: Methods on older/different scaled projects that may not work on a new project mm=millimeters: Ten millimeters equal one centimeter.

Monopod: A device that mounts the camera, has one singular leg. Natural Light: Light that is created by the sun or nature. pica=Picas: Used to represent horizontal measurements Pitch Meeting: The initial meeting between the client and designer that outlines the basics of the project. Pixels Per Inch (PPI): Used for Digital Publishing, how many Pixels are per inch. Playback Button: View Images and photos you’ve taken. PNG-24: 24-bit colors, like .jpeg. Can include over 16 million colors, yet has lossless compressions (larger sizes than .jpeg). PNG-8: 256 colors and 1 bit transparency. Smaller than .gif files Point and Shoot: The simplest of the cameras, comparable to a Camera Phone. Just Point and Shoot! Power Switch: Turns the camera on and off. Preset: A defined and configured mode of a camera, set to specific circumstances. Presets Wheel: Allows the swapping of camera presets. Professionalism: An aspect of a designer to maintain a quality and good reputation by remaining professional. Proximity: The spacing of your design elements on a canvas with thought and meaning. pt=points: used to measure font size. px = pixels: these are small dots on your screen. The resolution specifies how many rows and columns of pixels there are. Release Form: A legal contract set forth by the photographer and the subject. Repetition: an element, color, or asset repeating, more than once, on a design. Resolution: The digital dimensions of an image or graphic. Rule of 3rds: The general rule for framing your subject on a photo. Scope Creep: Your project continuously grows uncontrollably, without oversight. Scope: The work required to output a project’s result. Change happens, and project scope management includes the process to manage scope changes and make sure the project will still come in on time and within budget. The scope is often defined by a work breakdown structure, and changes should take place only through formal change procedures.

SD Card: A card that stores files, photos, and videos. Shutter Button: Takes the photo and activates the Auto Focus. Shutter Speed: The rate at which the camera lens opens and closes to create a photo. Simple Lens: A basic lens with minimal features. Social Media: A networking technology that allows instant communication through text or images across means of the Internet. Generally, its used to interact and share with friends. Studio: A place where photos or videos are taken, generally involving dynamic and artificial lighting. Subject: The focal point of an image, generally a person or animal. Tripod: The camera is mounted on the tripod for stability. Umbrella Light: A light that uses an umbrella to diffuse light. Viewfinder: Allows you to see what you’re taking a photo of. Washout: The image is over-lit and appears like it is washed out with White. White Balance: The balance of colors in a photo.

A Photo a week

48 prompts for you to complete each week!

Week #1:

Take a Selfie using the Rule of 3rds.

Week #2

Take a long shot of a natural environment.

Week #3:

Place a focus on a subject.

Week #4

Take a photo of a texture, such as fur or a close up of a leaf.

January

February Week #1:

Take a wide shot of a color-diverse environment.

Week #2

Take an extreme close up of a subject.

Week #3:

Take a Greyscale photo with minimal lighting (you may want to use artificial lights)

Week #4:

Take a photo with a low shutter speed.

March Week #1:

Take a photo with “motion”

Week #2

Take a photo of a hobby. Put the focus on one item.

Week #3

Take a Group Photo using a mount (such as a Tripod or Monopod).

Week #4

Use Natural Light as you would Artificial Light (consider mood, tone, etc.)

April

Week #1

Over Expose a Photo.

Week #2:

Use Natural Light as you would Artificial Light (consider mood, tone, etc.)

Week #3:

Over Expose a Photo.

Week #4:

Crank up the ISO on the camera and take a photo.

Week #1:

Take a Photo of your BFF from Head to Toe in their natural environment.

Week #2:

Focus on an insect.

Week #3:

Use a White Backdrop and artificial lighting to take a dramatic photo.

Week #4:

Take a photo of a piece of technology you use every day.

May

June

Week #1:

Take a photo of a clump of Dust.

Week #2

Take a photo of a cozy setting.

Week #3:

Take a blurry photo, but we can still guess what the subject is.

Week #4:

Take a “washed out” photo.

Week #1:

Take a photo with depth.

Week #2:

Focus on an insect.

Week #3

Use a White Backdrop and artificial lighting to take a dramatic photo.

Week #4

Take a photo of a piece of technology you use every day.

July

August

Week #1

Take a photo of a clump of Dust.

Week #2:

Take a photo of a cozy setting.

Week #3:

Take a blurry photo, but we can still guess what the subject is.

Week #4:

Take a “washed out” photo.

Week #1:

Take a photo with depth.

Week #2:

Take a photo with 3 or more colors.

Week #3:

Take a photo with one single color (no filter) with texture.

Week #4:

Take a photo with a dramatic effect (consider shadow and colors).

September

October

Week #1:

Take a photo with high exposure.

Week #2:

Take a photo of an entire room, or wall to wall.

Week #3:

Take a photo of a subject that’s out of the ordinary.

Week #4:

Take a photo of kitchen items arranged in a weird way.

Week #1:

Take a photo of books stacked on a table.

Week #2:

Take a photo of kitchen items arranged in a weird way.

Week #3:

Take a photo of books stacked on a table.

PROMPT:

Take a photo of a figurine or toy in an unlikely setting.

November

December:

Week #1:

Take a photo of a subject in a room or setting that would not match up.

Week #2:

Take a photo of a computer and all its cords.

Week #3:

Take a photo of a phone in a fridge with food items in view.

Week #4:

Put your camera in grass, with a subject in view through the grass blades.

Section 1

Credits

This book is the work of my summer 2018. I started to pick up a passion for photography after my 7th grade year. While it was on the side burner of my bigger passion for Videography, I still had that spark and seed in me. A few thanks are in order. First, thanks to my good ol’ Grandpa Larry for helping me out in the areas I have truly not mastered yet. He helped contribute in some of the Lens and Framing your Subject sections. As well, he helped me take a lot of photos, since I did not have a DSLR camera at the time. (I was stuck with a 4K camcorder for the first half of this book). Plus, thanks to his wife, AKA Grandma Dee, TDW’s exclusive editor and proofreader. Without her, this book would be nominated for Most Typos in an Educational Writing piece. Also, thanks to my friends, Melinda and Rustin, for contributing some photos. Melinda’s photos were featured a lot in Chapter 2’s section headers. Rustin’s photos were featured in some examples of what to do and not to do. Plus, thanks to my sister Claire for being my main model in some subject photos scattered throughout the book! Finally, a big thanks to my middle school ne-media teacher, Mrs. W! She actually planted the seed inside me to become the person I am today, not just in Photography, but in Videography and Design. Without her, I don’t know if I would be writing these books today. And thanks to all my readers! If you made it this far, you truly had some determination. On a final note, keep creating and taking great photos! Remember that you only get better if you try!

Until next time,

Zac DeLane

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