The Clementine Atlas of the Moon 9780521141017, 052114101X

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The Clementine Atlas of the Moon The highly successful Clementine mission gave scientists their first global look at the Moon. Based on information gathered from this mission combined with data from recent missions, this unique atlas contains 144 maps covering the entire lunar surface, along with colour plates showing the Moon’s composition and physical properties. The first part of the atlas describes the origin and geological evolution of the Moon and gives a brief history of lunar science and exploration, while the second features doublepage spreads consisting of Clementine images paired with newly created shaded-relief maps generated from LROC topography data. This edition has been fully revised and extended to cover the armada of new missions that have launched since 2004. With one of the most complete and up-to-date lunar nomenclature databases, this is an indispensable reference for professional planetary and space scientists, amateur astronomers and lunar enthusiasts. B E N B U S S E Y is a Senior Staff Scientist at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel Maryland. He obtained his PhD in Planetary Geology at University College London, and since then has worked in various locations including the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, the European Space Agency in Holland, and the University of Hawaii in Honolulu. His research speciality is remote sensing of planetary surfaces, with a particular interest in the lunar poles. He is the Principal Investigator of the Mini-RF radar instrument on NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft. He is also the Principal Investigator of a NASA Lunar Science Institute team that is researching the scientific and exploration potential of the lunar poles. PA U L D . S P U D I S was deputy leader of the science team for the Clementine mission to the Moon. He obtained his PhD in Geology at Arizona State University, and since 1982 he has been a Principal Investigator in the Planetary Geology program of the NASA Office of Space Science, Solar System Exploration Division, specialising in research on the processes of impact and volcanism on the planets. He is a Senior Staff Scientist at the Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, Texas. He was the Principal Investigator of the Mini-SAR radar instrument that flew on the Indian Chandrayaan-1 mission.

Praise for this book: ‘The Clementine Atlas has quickly become one of the lunar references that I use the most. It’s the most convenient and accurate resource for identifying named features. It’s also a great research tool . . . This Atlas reigns as the most comprehensive atlas of the entire Moon.’ Charles A. Wood, Sky & Telescope ‘For students of the Moon, this is one of the best photographic lunar atlas reference books, because it covers almost the entire lunar surface (99%) . . . Overall I highly recommend this book for all lunar observers of all expertise levels.’ Robert A. Garfinkle, Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers ‘[I]t will most certainly appeal also to serious amateur astronomers with a keen interest in the Moon . . . The Clementine Atlas of the Moon is undoubtedly the most authoritative source of lunar nomenclature currently available . . . an indispensable reference to lunar surface features (especially on the far side), the geology surrounding features and lunar nomenclature.’ Astronomy & Space ‘A substantial book, intended as a complete reference work for both professionals and the serious amateur. The text throughout is both accessible and non-technical . . . Technically, the authors have achieved their aim of placing the entire Moon between two covers.’ Journal of the British Astronomical Association ‘This is a very comprehensive Atlas of the Moon . . . an essential reference work for those who study and/or observe our near neighbour.’ Spaceflight ‘This splendid book is timely in view of the growing interest in stepping up exploration of the Moon, and will stand as a landmark publication in lunar studies. A ‘must’ for all those interested in the Earth’s satellite.’ Geological Magazine This book won a Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory best book prize in 2004.

The Clementine Atlas of the Moon Revised and Updated edition Ben Bussey Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory

Paul D. Spudis Lunar and Planetary Institute

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS

Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Mexico City Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521141017 © D. B. J. Bussey and P. D. Spudis 2004, 2012 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge Unversity Press. First published 2004 Revised and updated paperback edition 2012 Printed and bound in the United Kingdom by the MPG Books Group A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library ISBN 978-0-521-14101-7 Paperback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.

In Memory of Our Friends and Colleagues,

Graham Ryder 1949–2002

Ron Greeley 1939–2011

John Guest 1938–2012 Ex Luna, Scientia

Contents

Preface to original edition Preface to revised edition

Page ix xi

Part I The Moon Introducing the Moon – its motions, properties and history A short history of early lunar exploration Recent lunar exploration: from Clementine to today A new golden age of lunar exploration Atlas details

xiii xv xx xxxviii xlvii liv

Part II

The Clementine lunar atlas

Gazetteer

1 291

Colour plates between pages xxxii and xxxiii.

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Preface to original edition An atlas serves many purposes: the need to have a ready compilation of maps to locate features, a desire casually to explore an unknown territory, or a summary of existing knowledge about a barely familiar place. In our case, the impetus and inspiration to make an atlas based on data from the highly successful Clementine mission in 1994 began many years ago, even before the Clementine mission. An out-of-print book, The Times Atlas of the Moon (edited by H. A. G. Lewis, Times Newspapers Limited Printing House, London, 1969) has been a boon to serious lunar students for many years. This book, although containing much ‘slick’ front matter hyping the impending landing of Apollo 11 on the Moon, conveniently bound together all of the published US Air Force LAC (Lunar Astronautical Charts) series of lunar maps, originally published separately at a scale of 1:1 000 000. The LAC series consisted of airbrushed, shaded-relief maps, overlain by topographic contour lines (determined from Earth-based telescopic images) and the nomenclature of lunar features. Having this wonderful map series in a single, bound, easy-to-reference volume was very handy and this book is both used and treasured by working lunar scientists to this day (hence, its rarity and cost on the used-book market). As wonderful as the Times Atlas was and is, it has several drawbacks, aside from its unavailability. It uses old versions of the LAC charts – these maps were drawn in the early 1960s, from telescopic images, and the subsequent 40 years of spacecraft exploration have produced an abundance of exciting, new images and data with which to compile an atlas. Prior to the 1960s, we could see only the near side of the Moon and only 44 LACs that cover the near side are included in the Times Atlas (and were all that were ever drawn by the Air Force Chart and Information Center in the 1960s). The whole Moon consists of 144 LAC charts and no atlas in existence shows the entire lunar surface in uniform scale and format. Finally, the wonderful new data about the Moon returned from the Clementine (1994) and Lunar Prospector (1998) missions have greatly augmented our understanding of lunar processes and history. As these data are processed and studied, we have felt an even greater need for a new atlas that covers the whole Moon, in a form that makes it useful for both ready reference and detailed, protracted study. We have also heard from many colleagues, both professional and amateur, who have expressed similar wishes for such a product. This book is our attempt to address that need. It is the first atlas in history to portray the entire Moon using the LAC standard quadrangle series. We have endeavoured to render both the surface morphology of the Moon (using the excellent US Geological Survey global shaded-relief image) and the albedo and colour of the lunar surface (using the image data from the Clementine mission). In addition, The Clementine Atlas of the Moon represents the most complete lunar nomenclature database in existence. Since the mid 1970s, lunar nomenclature has been somewhat in disarray. The International Astronomical Union (IAU) maintains the official nomenclature database (available online at http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/moon/moonTOC.html) and includes entries on all officially named craters, but does not include entries on the myriad satellitic craters (known to lunar students as the Mädler system) that surround the named craters on the Moon. In 1982, Leif Andersson and Ewen Whitaker published the NASA Catalogue of Lunar Nomenclature (NASA Reference Publication 1097, US Government Printing Office, Washington D.C.). The names in this catalogue reflect both the old Mädler nomenclature of longstanding use by the astronomical community (for details on the lunar ‘nomenclature controversy’, see E. A. Whitaker, Mapping and Naming the Moon,

ix

Preface to original edition

Cambridge University Press,1999) and many new names for features added by the Apollo astronauts and other terms of ‘unofficial status’. For this work, we have merged these two nomenclature databases into a single, consistent database of all named craters and other features on the Moon. In The Clementine Atlas of the Moon, feature names and crater names are displayed on an annotated LAC shaded-relief map. Virtually all prominent satellitic craters (i.e. those designated by a patronymic crater name and Roman letter, e.g. Hadley C) are also shown, another first for the entire Moon. The atlas highlights some details about the Moon, its history and evolution, exploration, and the Clementine mission, to give the reader some context to their own lunar exploration as they page through this book. Finally, we include, again in a standard, uniform format, some of the key new global data sets that are currently revolutionising our understanding of the Moon and its history. These global maps are shown as colour plates. It is our wish that this new atlas both serves old lunar friends and makes new ones for the Moon. We believe the Moon is a fascinating and wonderful object – a world unto itself, full of rich history and fascinating stories. Our Moon will someday become one of humanity’s first footholds off-planet. The most valuable real estate in the Solar System lies in Earth’s own backyard. We should investigate property where we have in the past, and will again in the future, invest our time, interest, money, and dreams. One should always have a prospect of property in which one is investing. This atlas is our attempt at such a prospect. Ms Linda Xie compiled an early digital version of the 1982 lunar nomenclature database and Mrs Anne Spudis both revised it and proof checked it against our global maps – both spent many hard hours in these tasks and we thank them for their efforts. Dr Cari Corrigan (a.k.a. Mrs Ben Bussey) also helped us put many of the LAC maps into a final form for publication, and we are grateful for her efforts.

x

Preface to revised edition This edition of The Clementine Atlas of the Moon represents a significant enhancement over the first edition. The primary improvement is that we use new mission data for the annotated pages of the atlas. Specifically we use a new global topography product generated using data acquired by LROC, the imaging camera on board NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. For allowing us to use these wonderful data we wish to thank Dr Mark Robinson, the LROC team, and Frank Scholten and colleagues at the DLR Institute of Planetary Research in Berlin, Germany. We’d like to acknowledge the LOLA team whose high-resolution topography of the lunar polar regions was used for LACs 1 and 144. Also since the initial release of the atlas, the Astrogeology branch of the United States Geological Survey has released a comprehensive set of annotated LACs that use Lunar Orbiter data as their basemap. We thank Jenny Blue and her colleagues for this invaluable resource for lunar scientists and enthusiasts. Finally we thank Danny Caes of Ghent, Belgium, whose meticulous and careful reading of the atlas uncovered several typographical errors in the first edition.

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Part I

The Moon

Introducing the Moon – its motions, properties and history Earth’s Moon is mankind’s first offshore island in space, an exotic world with its own unique properties. The Moon’s motions and environment create challenges and opportunities. The following is a brief description of the general properties of the Moon, its motions and environment, surface, geology and history.

Basic properties and motions The Moon is quite large in relation to the planet it orbits, measuring about one-quarter the radius of the Earth (Table 1). In surface area, the Moon at 38 million square kilometres is slightly larger than the continent of Africa. The tenuous lunar atmosphere is a near-perfect vacuum; no weather affects its terrain and the sky is perpetually black. Stars are visible from the surface during daytime, but difficult to see because the glare reflected from the surface dilates the pupils. At high noon, the surface temperature can be over 100 °C and, at midnight, as low as 150 °C. The lunar day (the time it takes to rotate once on its spin axis) is about 29 Earth days or 708 h, and daylight on the Moon (sunrise to sunset) lasts almost two weeks. Because the Moon has only 1% of the mass of the Earth, its surface gravity is only one-sixth as strong. Thus, an astronaut who weighs 200 lb on the Earth will weigh 34 lb on the Moon. The Moon moves in an elliptical path around the Earth, completing its circuit once every 29 days. This equals the amount of time it takes for the Moon to rotate once on its axis (the lunar day). In consequence, the Moon shows the same hemisphere (the near side) to the Earth at all times. Conversely, one hemisphere is forever turned away from Table 1. Basic data about the Moon Mass Radius Surface area Density Gravity Escape velocity Orbital velocity Inclination of spin axis (to Sun) Inclination of orbital plane (to Sun) Distance from Earth closest farthest Orbital eccentricity Albedo (fraction light reflected) Rotation period (noon-to-noon; average) Average surface temperature Surface temperature in polar areas

7.35  1022 kg (1% mass of Earth) 1738 km (27% radius of Earth) 3.79  107 km2 (7% area of Earth) 3340 kg/m3 (3.34 g/cm3) 1.62 m/s2 (17% of Earth) 2.38 km/s 1.68 km/s 1.6° 5.9° 356 410 km 406 697 km 0.055 0.07–0.24 (average terrae: 0.11–0.18; average maria: 0.07–0.10) 29.531 Earth days (708 h) 107 °C day; 153 °C night 30 °C to 50 °C in light; 230 °C in shadows

xv

The Moon

Figure 1. The Moon orbits the Earth once every 28 days, which also happens to be the period of its revolution, resulting in our seeing only one side of it. As the Moon orbits the Earth, we see different parts of it illuminated by the Sun, resulting in its phases. Credit: Mutch, Thomas A.; Geology of the Moon. © 1970 Princeton University Press, 1998 renewed PUP. Reprinted by permission of Princeton University Press.

us (the far side) (Figure 1). Before the space age, the far side of the Moon was completely unknown territory and was first revealed to human gaze when it was photographed by the Soviet spacecraft Luna 3 in 1959. The elliptical orbit of the Moon results in a variable distance between Earth and Moon. At perigee (when the Moon is closest to the Earth), the Moon is a mere 356 410 km away; at apogee (the farthest position), it is 406 697 km away. This difference is enough so that the apparent size of the Moon in the sky varies; its average apparent size is about one half of a degree, or about the size of a pea held at arm’s length. In works of art, a huge lunar disc looming above the horizon is often depicted, but such an appearance is an optical illusion – when the Moon is seen near the horizon it can be compared in size with distant objects on the horizon, such as trees, making it seem large while a Moon near zenith (overhead) cannot be compared easily with earthly objects and hence, seems smaller. The plane of the Moon’s orbit lies neither in the equatorial plane of the Earth nor in the ecliptic plane, the plane in which nearly all the planets orbit the Sun (Figure 2). The spin axis of the Moon is nearly perpendicular to the ecliptic plane, with an inclination of about 1.5° from the vertical. This simple fact has some really significant consequences. Because its spin axis is nearly vertical, the Moon experiences no ‘seasons’, as does the Earth, whose spin-axis inclination is about 24°. So, as the Moon rotates on its axis, an

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Introducing the Moon – its motions, properties and history

observer at one of its poles would see the Sun hovering close to the horizon. A large peak near the pole might be in permanent sunlight while a crater floor could exist in permanent shadow. We now know that many permanently shadowed regions exist, the majority are in the polar regions, but small areas also exist as far away as 58° latitude. As the Moon circles the Earth, they occasionally pass in front of and block the Sun for each other, causing eclipses. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon gets between the Sun and the Earth and can only occur at new Moon (the far side of the Moon is facing the Sun). Because of the variable distance between Earth and Moon, the Moon’s inclined orbital plane and smaller size, solar eclipses are quite rare (years may pass between total solar eclipses), so their occurrence is always subject to much excitement. A lunar eclipse, in contrast, occurs when the Earth gets between the Moon and the Sun. These events happen much more frequently, as the Earth’s shadow has a much larger cross-sectional area than the Moon’s shadow. Lunar eclipses can occur only during a full Moon (or new Earth). As the shadow of the Earth slowly covers the full Moon, the lunar surface takes on a dull red glow, caused by the bending of some sunlight illuminating the Moon through the thick atmosphere of the Earth. The Moon is gradually receding from the Earth. Early in planetary history, the Earth was spinning much faster and the Moon orbited much closer than now. Over time, energy has been transferred from the Earth to the Moon, causing the spin rate of the Earth to decline and the Moon to speed up in its orbit, thus moving farther away (the current rate of recession is about 3 cm/year). Such recession will continue; some day, the Moon will be too far away to create a total solar eclipse! Fortunately for lovers of cosmic spectacles, this will not happen for at least another few million years. As the Moon orbits the Earth, we can peek around its edges because of a phenomenon known as libration. Libration in latitude is caused by the 7° inclination of the plane of the Moon’s orbit to the Earth’s equator. This inclination allows us to ‘gaze over the top and bottom edges’ of the Moon as it moves slightly above or slightly below the equatorial plane. Libration in longitude is caused by the Moon’s elliptical orbit, which permits Earth viewers to look around its leading or trailing edge. An additional longitudinal libration is caused by parallax, the effect that allows you to see more by moving side to side, in this case by the diameter of the Earth as it rotates on its axis during the terrestrial day. All told, these libration effects permit us to see slightly more than a single hemisphere, and over the course of time we can see about 59% of the lunar surface from the Earth.

Figure 2. The Moon’s orbit is in neither the equatorial plane of the Earth nor the ecliptic plane of its orbit about the Sun. However, the lunar spin axis is tilted only about 1.5° from normal to the ecliptic, resulting in very little seasonal variation in lighting at the lunar poles. Credit: Mutch, Thomas A.; Geology of the Moon. © 1970 Princeton University Press, 1998 renewed PUP. Reprinted by permission of Princeton University Press.

xvii

The Moon

Figure 3. Clementine 750 nm mosaics of the near and the far side, in Lambert equal-area projection. Note that most of the dark smooth mare deposits occur on the lunar near side (left), while the far side (right) is dominated by bright highlands. The slightly dark region in the southern far-side hemisphere is the floor of the South Pole–Aitken basin, the largest impact feature on the Moon.

The gravitational influence of Sun, Earth and Moon upon each other results in tides, which are bulges in the radius of the Earth induced by gravitational attraction. Tides most often are associated with oceans, but the solid Earth also undergoes an up and down motion caused by tides. Because the Earth attracts the Moon just as much in reverse, the Moon also experiences a tidal bulge, one that mirrors the tidal effects on the Earth. The raising and lowering of solid-body tides on the Earth and Moon cause friction inside the two planets creating a heat source called tidal dissipation. This energy source may have been very important early in the history of the Solar System, when Moon and Earth were closer together, but is currently only a minor source of planetary heat.

Surface features The Moon’s surface (Figure 3) consists of two major types of terrain: the bright, rugged highlands (or terrae in Latin) and the darker, smoother plains, sometimes called the lunar ‘seas’ (or maria). The terrae consist of light grey, high-standing blocks of terrain covered by a seemingly endless sequence of overlapping craters, ranging in size from small craters at the limit of resolution on even the best photographs to large multi-ringed basins (some of which exceed 2600 km in diameter). All the basins and nearly all of the craters are created by the impact of solid bodies on the Moon. The great number of impact craters in the highlands reminds us that the Moon’s early history was exceedingly violent. The top few kilometres of the crust has been broken up, crushed, and repeatedly mixed by the force of these collisions. The dark maria cover about 16% of the lunar surface and are concentrated on the hemisphere facing Earth (near side). While the maria occur almost everywhere as the fill within impact basins, they are geologically distinct. It is important to distinguish between such features as the Imbrium basin (a large, ancient impact structure) and Mare

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Introducing the Moon – its motions, properties and history

Table 2. Lunar geology – events and ages System

Age (109 years)

Remarks

Pre-Nectarian

Began: 4.6 Ended: 3.92

Includes crater and basin deposits and many other units formed before the Nectaris basin impact; includes formation of lunar crust and its most heavily cratered surfaces.

Nectarian

Began: 3.92 Ended: 3.85

Defined by deposits of the Nectaris basin (a large multi-ring basin on the lunar near side); includes almost four times as many large craters and basins as the Imbrian system; may also contain some volcanic deposits.

Imbrian

Began: 3.85 Ended: 3.15

Defined by deposits of the Imbrium basin; includes the striking Orientale basin on the Moon’s extreme western limb, most visible mare deposits, and numerous large impact craters.

Eratosthenian Began: 3.15 Ended: about 1.0 Copernican

Includes those craters that are slightly more degraded and have lost visible rays; also includes most of the youngest mare deposits.

Began: about 1.0 Youngest segment in the Moon’s Ended: (to present) stratigraphic hierarchy; it encompasses the freshest lunar craters, most of which have preserved rays.

Imbrium (the dark, smooth volcanic plains that later filled the basin). The maria are significantly younger than the highlands and thus have accumulated fewer craters. This difference in crater density is quite pronounced and easily seen through a small telescope or binoculars. Long before Apollo astronauts visited it, geologists recognised that a substantial amount of time had elapsed between the heavy bombardment of the highlands and the final emplacement of the visible maria. In the very best telescopic photographs, arcuate raised lobes can be seen in some mare regions, giving rise to the idea that the maria consist of volcanic lava flows. Photographs taken by spacecraft in lunar orbit show evidence, including lava channels (sinuous rilles), domes, cones and collapse pits, confirming such an origin. Chemical analyses made in 1967 by automated Surveyor landers – and later the study on Earth of actual lunar samples – showed that the maria are indeed volcanic outflows. They appear darker than the terrae because of their higher iron content. Geologists can go beyond the scrutiny of the Moon’s impacts and volcanic landforms. They can assess the lunar surface in a fourth dimension – time – by determining the relative ages of geologically discrete surface ‘units’. According to the geologic Law of Superposition, younger materials overlie, embay, or intrude older ones. This simple but powerful methodology has allowed us to make geologic maps of the entire Moon and to produce a formal stratigraphic sequence for events throughout its history (Plate 6; Table 2). However, stratigraphic analysis by itself cannot determine the absolute ages of surface units. Our understanding of those ages, as well as compositions and rock types, waited until the return of samples from the lunar ‘field trips’ undertaken by the Apollo and Luna missions.

xix

A short history of early lunar exploration The early history of the space program was dominated by the ‘space race’ between the United States of America and the (former) Soviet Union (USSR). The launch of the Soviet satellite Sputnik in October 1957 sent shock waves through the American psyche. With the successful launch of Explorer 1 into Earth orbit by Wernher von Braun and his colleagues in January 1959, America entered the race and the battle was joined. Over the next several years, the United States seemed to be catching up to the Soviets as it orbited many satellites and prepared to send men into the unknown, but once again, the Soviets struck first, as Yuri Gagarin was launched into Earth orbit in April 1961. The new American president, John F. Kennedy, searched desperately for a field to challenge the Soviets successfully. After due consideration, Kennedy set a decade-long goal of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to Earth. Important information was needed about the Moon in advance of human missions to assure a safe voyage and landing. We needed to learn how to control spacecraft at lunar distances, how to maintain an orbit around the Moon, and how to land and operate safely where we didn’t know the surface conditions. Having these knowledge requirements ensured the need for precursor missions, missions that would not only blaze the trail for the people to follow, but would invariably advance our understanding of the Moon and its environment in major ways (Table 3).

Ranger, Surveyor, and Lunar Orbiter Three flight projects by the United States added to our pre-Apollo understanding of the Moon and data from those missions still provide scientific insight. They showed that the surface, while dusty, did not contain deep pools of quicksand-like dust waiting to swallow unsuspecting spacecraft. Smooth, boulder-free areas in the maria were identified and mapped. Nearly the entire surface of the Moon was photographed at resolutions ten times better than could be obtained from the Earth, allowing us to extend geological mapping to the entire globe and illustrating the nature of the terrain types and their implications for lunar history. We even made the first chemical analyses of the surface, confirming the volcanic origin of the maria and found something unusual and unexpected in the highlands. The Ranger programme started in late 1959. It was a hard lander designed to take close-up images of the Moon. It would destroy itself upon impacting the Moon at near escape velocity (2.5 km/s). Several Ranger flights either blew up on launch, missed the Moon completely, or silently crashed into the lunar surface without transmitting a single picture. Finally, on 31 July 1964, the Ranger 7 spacecraft returned a spectacular series of close-up photographs of a portion of Oceanus Procellarum, the largest expanse of maria on the Moon. Each image showed a smaller and smaller area at greater resolutions than ever before (Figure 4). From the Ranger 7 mission, we discovered that craters on the surface continue downward in size to the limits of resolution. The Ranger photographs allowed us to decipher the nature and dynamics of the ground-up, powdery surface layer (the regolith) that covers the Moon everywhere. The next mission, Ranger 8, was sent in early 1965 to the western edge of Mare Tranquillitatis. Once again, we saw the crater-upon-crater texture typical of the lunar surface at close ranges. Having scouted two different regions of the maria, the last Ranger

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A short history of early lunar exploration

Table 3. Lunar exploration missions: robotic and human

Mission

Launch date (month/year)

Country

Type

Luna 1 Luna 2 Luna 3 Ranger 3 Ranger 4 Ranger 5 Luna 4 Ranger 6 Ranger 7 Ranger 8 Ranger 9 Luna 5 Luna 6 Zond 3 Luna 7 Luna 8 Luna 9 Luna 10 Surveyor 1 Lunar Orbiter 1 Luna 11 Luna 12 Lunar Orbiter 2 Luna 13 Lunar Orbiter 3 Surveyor 3 Lunar Orbiter 4 Explorer 35 Lunar Orbiter 5 Surveyor 5 Surveyor 6 Surveyor 7 Luna 14 Zond 5 Zond 6 Apollo 8 Apollo 10 Luna 15 Apollo 11 Zond 7 Apollo 12 Apollo 13 Luna 16 Zond 8 Luna 17

01/1959 09/1959 10/1959 01/1962 04/1962 10/1962 04/1963 01/1964 07/1964 02/1965 03/1965 05/1965 06/1965 07/1965 10/1965 12/1965 01/1966 03/1966 05/1966 08/1966 08/1966 10/1966 11/1966 12/1966 02/1967 04/1967 05/1967 07/1967 08/1967 09/1967 11/1967 01/1968 04/1968 09/1968 11/1968 12/1968 05/1969 07/1969 07/1969 08/1969 11/1969 04/1970 09/1970 10/1970 11/1970

USSR USSR USSR USA USA USA USSR USA USA USA USA USSR USSR USSR USSR USSR USSR USSR USA USA USSR USSR USA USSR USA USA USA USA USA USA USA USA USSR USSR USSR USA USA USSR USA USSR USA USA USSR USSR USSR

Flyby Hard lander Flyby (pictures of far side) Hard lander (missed Moon) Hard lander (hit far side) Hard lander (missed Moon) Flyby (missed Moon) Hard lander (TV failed) Hard lander Hard lander Hard lander Soft lander (crashed) Soft lander (missed Moon) Flyby (pictures of far side) Soft lander (crashed) Soft lander (crashed) First soft landing First lunar orbiter First American soft lander Orbiter Orbiter Orbiter Orbiter Soft lander Orbiter Soft lander Orbiter Orbiter Orbiter Soft lander Soft lander Soft lander Orbiter Flyby and return Flyby and return First humans to orbit Moon Test of LM in lunar orbit Sample returner (crashed) First human landing on Moon Flyby and return Pinpoint landing at Surveyor 3 Flyby–aborted after explosion First robotic sample return Flyby and return Surface rover

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The Moon

Table 3 (cont.)

Mission Apollo 14 Apollo 15 Luna 18 Luna 19 Luna 20 Apollo 16 Apollo 17 Luna 21 Luna 22 Luna 23 Luna 24 Muses A Clementine Lunar Prospector SMART-1 Kaguya Chang’E 1 Chandrayaan-1 Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter LCROSS Chang’E2

Launch date (month/year)

Country

Type

01/1971 07/1971 09/1971 09/1971 02/1972 04/1972 12/1972 01/1973 05/1974 10/1974 08/1976 01/1990 01/1994 01/1998 09/2003 09/2007 10/2007 10/2008 06/2009

USA USA USSR USSR USSR USA USA USSR USSR USSR USSR Japan USA USA ESA Japan China India USA

Landing at Fra Mauro highlands Hadley–Apennines; lunar rover Orbiter (crashed) Orbiter Sample returner Landing in Descartes highlands Landing; last Apollo mission Surface rover Orbiter Sample returner (failed) Sample returner Orbiter Orbiter (global mapping) Orbiter (global mapping) Orbiter (tech demo) Orbiter (global mapping) Orbiter (global mapping) Orbiter (global mapping) Orbiter (global mapping)

06/2009 10/2010

USA China

Impactor Orbiter (global mapping)

mission (Ranger 9, March 1965) was sent to the spectacular ancient crater Alphonsus, a highlands area on the eastern edge of Mare Nubium. Alphonsus represents a class of feature called a floor-fractured crater; cracks found on the floor of the crater, in addition to small, dark-rimmed craters that might be cinder cones, are thought to be manifestations of volcanism. As Ranger finished giving us our first close look at the Moon, preparations were being made to soft land and touch its surface for the first time. Surveyor was originally a spacecraft with orbiter and lander elements, but the orbiter portion was dropped and work concentrated on the lander to best support Apollo. After much effort, the Soviets beat the Americans to the punch once again (for the last time, as it later turned out) and succeeded at a soft landing on the Moon in February 1966 with their Luna 9 spacecraft. Television pictures showed a surface similar to hard-packed sand, covered with a thin layer of dust. The first American landing, Surveyor 1 in early June 1966, returned hundreds of detailed pictures of the surface, showing us the Moon as it would appear to an astronaut standing on the surface. The Surveyor pictures recorded the ground-up regolith, documenting that it was strong enough to support the weight of the people and machines that would soon be visiting. Five Surveyors (1, 3, 5, 6 and 7) successfully landed on the Moon; Surveyor 3 carried a trenching tool, designed to dig into the surface and study its properties and strength at depth. This trenching scoop and TV camera were returned to the Earth three years later by the Apollo 12 astronauts (Figure 8), proving that hardware

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A short history of early lunar exploration

Figure 4. First image of the Moon taken by the hard-landing US spacecraft, Ranger 7. The area photographed is centred at 13° S, 10° W and covers about 360 km from top to bottom. The large crater at centre right is the 108 km diameter Alphonsus. Mare Nubium is at centre and left. The Ranger 7 impact site is off the frame, to the left of the upper left corner. (Ranger 7, B001.) Credit: NASA/JPL.

could withstand long exposure to the lunar environment. Surveyor 5 carried the first experiment designed to measure the Moon’s composition, an instrument designed to determine the chemistry of the surface. From these data, we found that the maria were rich in magnesium and poor in aluminium, results consistent with a composition of basalt, a very common type of lava on the Earth. Having landed Surveyor 6 at another mare site (Sinus Medii), the last mission, Surveyor 7, was sent to one of the most spectacular locales on the Moon, the rough, hazardous rim of the crater Tycho (LAC 112), deep in the southern highlands. Surveyor 7 beat the odds by safely landing at Tycho in January 1968. Although Surveyor 7 returned fascinating views of a complex crater rim (Figure 5), its most significant experiment was the first determination of the chemistry of the highlands. The data showed a surface relatively rich in aluminium and depleted in magnesium, a reversal of the trends seen in the data from the maria. The team analysing this information suggested that unusual rock types, including one called ‘anorthosite’, might be the main components of the highlands. Anorthosite and related rocks are made up mostly of a single type of mineral, plagioclase feldspar, a calcium- and aluminium-rich silicate. If this supposition was correct, it would have significant implications about the history of the Moon. The last major task for the robotic precursors to Apollo was the making of detailed maps of the Moon. Five Lunar Orbiter spacecraft flew in the span of a year between

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Figure 5. Mosaic of the rim area of Tycho from the highland region of the crater taken by the Surveyor 7 spacecraft. This lander landed on 10 January 1968 at 40.88° S, 11.45° W and took about 21 000 photos over a month, some of which were used to make up this mosaic. The block in the foreground is about 0.5 m across and the crater is about 1.5 m in diameter. The hills on the horizon are about 13 km away. (Surveyor 7, 68-H-40.) Credit: NASA/JPL.

August 1966 and August 1967. Each one was an overwhelming success. Unlike the other precursor missions designed from scratch, the Lunar Orbiter camera design was based upon the design of classified, espionage spacecraft, designed to photograph features at high resolution from space. The first three Orbiters were placed in near-equatorial orbits, similar to those to be used by the upcoming Apollo missions, and returned dozens of very high-resolution pictures of the proposed landing sites. Features as small as 0.5 m in size were recognised, classified, and mapped. With the scouting of the landing sites accomplished, the last two Orbiters were sent into near-polar orbits so that the entire surface would come into camera view. Lunar Orbiter 4 mapped the entire near side at a resolution ten times better than the very best views from the Earth (Figure 6(a)). Lunar Orbiter 5 made very detailed, high-resolution mosaics of sites of high scientific interest, including the fresh craters Copernicus, Tycho and Aristarchus, and volcanic regions such as the Marius Hills, Rima Bode and Hadley Rille, a future Apollo landing site (Figure 6(b)). The pictures returned by the Lunar Orbiter series paved the way for the Apollo missions and gave us images of the Moon that are still used extensively today. The Lunar Orbiters also revealed an unexpected hazard for the Moon voyagers. The orbits of the spacecraft changed with time because subsurface zones of high-density material tugged at the Orbiters, gradually pulling the spacecraft towards the Moon. These regions, called ‘mascons’ for ‘mass concentrations’, are associated with the large, circular maria and were our first unintended ‘probe’ of subsurface conditions. Thus, the Orbiters made our first gravity map of the Moon. We now think that the uplift of mantle rocks is the dominant cause of the mascons, but some contribution from lava flooding is probable. More importantly for lunar exploration, the mascons were a potential hazard for the upcoming Apollo missions, and their effects on the orbits of spacecraft around the Moon had to be comprehended before the missions could be successful.

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(a)

Figure 6(a). Lunar Orbiter 4 image of Orientale basin, 930 km in diameter, only the extreme eastern part of which can be seen from Earth. The basin forms a giant ‘bulls-eye’ on the western limb of the Moon, with three distinct circular rings. The basin was formed by a giant impact early in the Moon’s history. The north is towards the top. (LO IV-187 M.) Credit: NASA/LRC.

The Apollo program – Man goes to the Moon The first humans to look at the Moon close-up were Frank Borman, Jim Lovell, and Bill Anders, the crew of Apollo 8, who orbited the Moon in December 1968. Apollo 8 was only the second manned Apollo flight (Apollo 7 conducted an Earth-orbiting mission in October 1968) and was the first manned flight of the Saturn 5 rocket. Apollo 8 made ten orbits of the Moon, making detailed visual observations of the surface, taking photographs of the far side and of the far-eastern Apollo landing site, finding it to be unexpectedly rough. As had been feared from the Lunar Orbiter data, the spacecraft orbit was indeed disturbed by the presence of the high-density, subsurface ‘mascons’ and this hazard would have to be understood and dealt with during the upcoming landing attempts. One of the most significant emotional impacts created by the Apollo 8 mission

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Figure 6(b). Image acquired by the Lunar Orbiter 5 showing the location of the Apollo 15 landing site, the Hadley Rille and the surrounding regions. The rille is the sinuous depression running from the top to the bottom of the image. To the right are the Apennine mountains, which rise over 5 km above the mare plain. Apollo 15 landed near the very rightmost extension of the rille, near the top of the image. The large crater in the centre of the image is the 30 km diameter Hadley C (see LAC 41). North is up. (LO V-105 M.) Credit: NASA/LRC.

(b)

was its famous photograph of a beautiful, blue–green Earth appearing to rise slowly above the stark, grey ‘wasteland’ of the Moon (Figure 7). Two additional missions tested the Apollo spacecraft, paving the way for the first landing on the Moon by Apollo 11 in Mare Tranquillitatis (LAC 60). This mission accomplished quite a bit of science as well. Astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin set out a small seismometer, which documented that the Moon is extremely quiet and ‘moonquakes’ are small and rare. They also deployed a laser reflector, with which the distance between Earth and Moon was measured to within a few centimetres. Such precision measurements allowed us carefully to track the Moon’s orbital motion and the drift of the continents on the Earth. The astronauts collected about 40 kg of rock and soil samples from the immediate vicinity of the LM. The return of this material to the Earth

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answered some of the most important questions about the Moon that had accumulated over the years. The results of the Apollo 11 mission showed that the maria are very old and made of volcanic rock. Because basaltic lava forms by partial melting of a certain type of rock, the Apollo 11 basalts showed that the interior of the Moon was not primitive in composition, but created in an earlier melting episode. The surface layer (regolith) is made of groundup bedrock, partly crushed into powder and partly fused by impact melting. One finding yielded a major insight into lunar evolution: tiny, white fragments found in the soil are clearly different from the local bedrock. These fragments are pieces of the highlands, thrown to the Apollo 11 site by distant impacts, a result foreshadowed by the chemical analysis of Tycho ejecta made by the Surveyor 7 spacecraft. If the highlands were really made of this unusual rock type, ‘anorthosite’, it implied that the early Moon may have been nearly completely molten, an astonishing concept for a planet as small as the Moon! This concept, called the ‘magma ocean’, was reinforced by subsequent mission results. The second lunar landing occurred in November 1969. Apollo 12 astronauts Pete Conrad and Alan Bean made a pinpoint landing that corrected for the effects of the dreaded mascons and landed only a few tens of metres from the Surveyor 3 spacecraft in eastern Oceanus Procellarum (LAC 76). This landing site, like that of Apollo 11, was in the maria and featured deposits that were slightly less cratered (therefore younger) than those sampled at Tranquility Base. This mission featured two moonwalks, each over 3 h long, and the emplacement of a nuclear-powered geophysical network station, the

Figure 7. Although the Earth is stationary in the sky from the lunar surface, the motion of spacecraft in lunar orbit caused the Earth to appear to ‘rise’ above the horizon on each revolution. This is the famous ‘Earthrise’ picture, taken by Apollo 8, the first human mission to the Moon in December 1968. (AS 08-13-2252.) Credit: NASA/JSC.

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Figure 8. The Surveyor 3 spacecraft, with the Apollo 12 Lunar Module ‘Intrepid’ in the background. The Surveyor, which landed on 20 April 1967, is about 180 m from the LM and, on the second EVA (extra-vehicular activity), astronauts Pete Conrad and Alan Bean visited the craft, took pictures, and removed some parts for return to Earth. This northwest-looking photo was taken by Alan Bean. The Surveyor 3 spacecraft is about 3 m from the ground to the highest point on the solar panels. (AS 12-48-7100.) Credit: NASA/JSC.

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ALSEP (Apollo Lunar Surface Experiment Package). The crew collected more rock samples than the Apollo 11 crew had collected, and visited the rims of several impact craters at their landing site. The Surveyor 3 spacecraft (Figure 8) was visited and sampled to assess the effects of long-term exposure to space while on the surface of the Moon (not very noticeable – a few microcraters). The Apollo 12 basalts showed the same extreme age and lack of water as the other lavas, but with some important differences. The basalts of the Apollo 12 site were lower in titanium than those from Tranquility Base, demonstrating that different regions of the interior had melted to make them. Also, these lavas, themselves representing several different lava flows, were ‘only’ 3.1 billion years old, almost 500 million years younger than the other site. These results showed that the maria did not all result from a single, massive volcanic eruption, but instead represented a complex series of lava flows poured out over at least a half a billion years of time. Rare fragments of highland rocks from the Apollo 12 site included some that were quite different from those found at the Apollo 11 site, demonstrating that the highlands similarly varied from place to place. An impact breccia (see p. xxxvi) from this site is an extremely complex mixture of unusual rock types, foreshadowing similarly complex breccias to be returned by future missions to the

A short history of early lunar exploration

highlands. A strange enrichment in certain elements, including potassium, phosphorous and some radioactive elements, was first recognised in soils and rocks from this site. This material, called KREEP (see p. xxxv), is an important clue to the origin of the crust. The Apollo 13 mission in April 1970 was to be sent to the Fra Mauro highlands, just east of the Apollo 12 landing site. Unfortunately, an oxygen tank in the Service Module of the spacecraft exploded on its way to the Moon and, after a truly heroic emergency effort, including use of the Lunar Module (LM) as a ‘lifeboat’ to support the crew, Jim Lovell, Fred Haise and Jack Swigert returned to Earth safely after looping around the Moon. When lunar spaceflight was resumed in January 1971, the Apollo 14 mission was re-directed to the unvisited site. Fra Mauro (LAC 76) was considered to be important because the site was on the regional blanket of debris thought to be thrown out of the Moon by the impact that created the huge Imbrium basin, a crater over 1000 km in diameter. Alan Shepard, America’s first spaceman, and Edgar Mitchell directed their LM Antares to a pinpoint landing on the Fra Mauro ejecta blanket. The Command Module was piloted by Stu Roosa, who conducted an extensive programme of observations from orbit. During two moonwalks, Shepard and Mitchell set up another ALSEP station and fired small explosive charges to ‘profile’ the subsurface with seismic lines (much as is done on the Earth during oil prospecting). The crew also trekked up the slopes of a hill 3 km distant and 100 m high to explore the ejecta from Cone Crater (300 m diameter), an impact that excavated the Fra Mauro debris blanket, bringing up rocks from depth for our examination and collection. Some of the most complex rocks in the lunar sample collection were returned by the Apollo 14 mission. They are all breccias, complex mixtures of older rocks, including breccias contained within breccias from previous events. Nearly all are enriched in the strange KREEP chemical component first identified at the Apollo 12 site and are considerably different than expected in bulk composition. It had been thought that highland rocks would be extremely rich in aluminum, made of ‘anorthosite’, as found at the Apollo 11 site. In fact, the bulk composition of the Apollo 14 breccias is basaltic, not as iron-rich as the mare samples, but still much less aluminous than anorthosite. This unusual composition told us that the highlands are composed of different provinces, possibly reflecting different geological histories and evolution. In this case, the composition of the Fra Mauro breccias is related to their origin as ejected debris from the giant Imbrium impact basin. The last three Apollo missions in 1971 and 1972 introduced a new and exciting scale of exploration, one not surpassed or equalled to this day. Each mission consisted of an upgraded, expanded spacecraft, allowing more experiments and more sophisticated equipment to be carried to the Moon. The orbiting Command and Service Module (CSM) carried a special package of cameras and sensors to study the Moon from orbit. Each mission carried an electric cart, the Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) or ‘rover’ to the surface, a valuable exploration tool that permitted the astronauts to venture farther from the LM (by navigating across the surface) and to stay longer at scientifically important sites (by permitting the crew to rest and conserve their air and water while travelling to distant sites). In July 1971, the Apollo 15 mission was sent to the rim of the Imbrium basin at the spectacularly beautiful Hadley–Apennine landing site (Figure 6(b); LAC 41). The huge chasm of the sinuous Hadley Rille (over 2 km wide and 900 m deep) winds across the mare plain, surrounded by one of the steepest, highest (7 km or over 3 miles) mountain ranges on the Moon. Apollo 15 returned a variety of impact breccias from the highlands and mare basalts from the plains. But there were also a few surprises in the sample box.

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A transparent, emerald green glass was discovered scattered about the site. Analysis showed that the glass is a form of ash deposit from a volcanic eruption over 3 billion years ago. Small fragments of lava rock with aluminium-rich composition were our first sample of ‘non-mare’ or highland volcanism. Detailed photographs showed unusual benches in the mountains of the surrounding highlands, possibly exposing layered rocks from the period of early bombardment. Similarly, astronauts Dave Scott and Jim Irwin visited the rim of Hadley Rille, which exposed layered rocks in its walls, mute testimony to a prolonged filling of the Imbrium basin by separate lava flows over a period of many years. The Apollo 15 mission was the most extensive exploration of the Moon yet, a tribute to the scientists and engineers who were determined to make Apollo a genuine tool of great exploration. The Apollo 16 mission in April 1972 was sent to the lunar highlands, near the ancient crater Descartes (LAC 78). Prior to this mission, the LM crew, veteran pilot John Young and newcomers Charles Duke and Command Module pilot Ken Mattingly, were given extensive training in geologic exploration (Figure 9). Essentially two geological units were sampled during the Apollo 16 mission: the wormy-textured Descartes mountains and the smooth, light-toned Cayley plains. The rocks are made up of regolith breccias (which are found at all sites), fragmental breccias (made up of fragments of older rock), and impact melt breccias (comparable to those returned previously by the Apollo 14 and 15 missions). This mission completely changed the way we think about the highlands; we now think that impact processes of various types, usually associated with basins, are responsible for the units that make the terrae like a patchwork quilt and the role of volcanism is believed to be minor. The final Apollo mission to the Moon was sent to the rim of the ancient Serenitatis basin, where mare lavas partly flooded an ancient mountain valley. Astronauts Gene Cernan and Jack Schmitt, the first (and so far, the last) professional geologist to explore the surface, landed in the Taurus-Littrow valley (LAC 43) in December 1972. The Apollo 17 crew travelled the farthest (almost 30 km), explored the longest (over 25 h), and collected the most samples (more than 120 kg) of any of the Apollo missions. While exploring the Moon, the astronauts found and sampled giant boulders that had rolled down the mountains, a bright ‘landslide’ triggered by the formation of the crater Tycho (LAC 112), over 2200 km away, and beautiful orange soil that glistened in the bright sunlight of the surface. Two major terrains were explored during the Apollo 17 mission: the mare fill of the valley and the highlands of the surrounding Taurus mountains. The mare lavas of the valley are basalts from many different flows that are very rich in titanium, similar to the lavas sampled by the first landing, Apollo 11. The orange soil discovered at Shorty crater (100 m diameter) turned out to be an unusual black and orange glass, similar to the green glass from Apollo 15; both are products of fountains of liquid rock sprayed out onto the surface during volcanic eruption. Study of samples from the bright ‘landslide’ across the valley indicates that the crater Tycho formed 108 million years ago, providing an important time marker to the lunar geological column. The highlands, sampled at two different mountains (or massifs) at different ends of the valley, are made up of a complex mixture of rocks cooled slowly at depth and excavated from the deep crust by the giant impact that created the Serenitatis basin. A variety of impact melt breccias collected represent the ‘melt sheet’ created during the impact which formed the Serenitatis basin. These advanced Apollo missions carried sophisticated experiment packages in lunar orbit. Two cameras and a laser altimeter measured the topography and shape of the Moon and took detailed, high-resolution stereo photographs, permitting detailed

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geological studies of different regions and processes. Sensors measuring X-rays and gamma-rays permitted us to measure the chemical composition of the lunar surface. From these remotely sensed data, we first learned about regional provinces of different composition in the highlands. On the Apollo 15 and 16 flights, a small subsatellite was launched from the CSM, carrying a magnetometer to measure the small magnetic-field anomalies on the surface. Measurements of the magnetic field of the Moon showed that local areas of the crust are magnetised, but the Moon does not possess a global magnetic field like that of the Earth. Together with the relatively low bulk density of the Moon (about 3.3 g/cm3 (grams per cubic centimetre), compared with 5.5 g/cm3 for the Earth), the lack of a global magnetic field suggests that the Moon has no large, liquid iron core, which generates the Earth’s field by a process known as a core dynamo. The Apollo missions were outstanding successes by any objective measure and form the cornerstone of our understanding of the Moon and its history. They are lasting testimony to the value of people in the exploration of the Solar System.

Figure 9. Apollo 16 Lunar Module pilot Charles Duke stands on the rim of Plum crater, Descartes highlands. Note the Lunar Rover, the battery-powered cart that transported the astronauts on the surface, in the background. (AS 16100-75837.) Credit: NASA/JSC.

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Soviet robotic lunar landers The Soviet lunar program had significant scientific accomplishments that add to and enhance our understanding of the Moon. These small missions also foreshadowed the rich possibilities of robotic spacecraft as tools for the exploration of the Solar System. Luna 16 successfully landed on Mare Fecunditatis in February 1971 on the eastern edge of the near side. It entered space history by becoming the first robotic sample-return mission in the history of spaceflight; it returned about 100 g of soil with an ingenious drill core that was wound into a ball-shaped return capsule. The soil from this site consists of mare regolith, including several fragments of lava that were large enough to measure their ages. The Luna 16 samples are mare basalts with relatively high aluminium content that erupted onto the surface 3.4 billion years ago. Abundant fragments of impact glass are also present, giving us clues to the existence of other, unsampled rock types on the Moon. The Luna 20 mission landed on the Moon in February 1972. It returned soil samples from the highlands surrounding the Crisium impact basin. The small samples are made up of tiny rock fragments of the highlands crust and impact breccias, as at the Apollo 16 site. The final Soviet sample return mission, Luna 24 in August 1976, returned the largest sample to date; a core sample 2 m in length from the interior of Mare Crisium. These basalts are also a high-aluminium variety but contain much less titanium than any Apollo sample (similar very low-titanium basalts were subsequently discovered in the soil at the Apollo 17 landing site). The Luna 24 basalts show that the lava flows in Mare Crisium erupted between 3.6 and 3.4 billion years ago. The three Soviet samplers demonstrated that the robotic return of surface samples is a technically feasible tool to explore the Moon. Because of launch, flight-control and landing constraints, these missions were confined to landing sites on the eastern limb. The Luna missions also showed that there is not only a quantitative difference between human and robotic missions, but a qualitative difference as well. We learned more about the Moon from any single Apollo mission than we did from the totality of the three Luna missions. This difference is not solely related to the small mass of the returned sample from the Luna missions, but is also caused by the geologically guided sampling that people can do – we understand the context of the Apollo samples much better than we do those of the Luna missions. A variety of flybys, orbiters, hard landers and rovers were also sent to the Moon by the Soviet Union. The two Lunakhod spacecraft were small rovers, remotely controlled from the Earth. Although having crude instruments that returned mostly television pictures and some data on the physical properties of the soil, they demonstrated that remote control of machines on the Moon is feasible. Future robotic sample-return missions should include the ability to operate the spacecraft remotely (teleoperation), so that the most significant samples can be obtained. Because the surface of the Moon is complex and varies from place to place, the ability to rove across its surface will be highly beneficial in future sample-return missions.

Lunar samples Over 300 kg of rock and soil returned by the Apollo missions, along with smaller amounts from the three Soviet landers, gave us a database that revolutionised our understanding of the Moon. Samples from the Moon are of three principal types: (1) the regolith, or lunar soil, which is produced by the impact bombardment of the surface by

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Figure 10. The regolith of the Moon is the powdery, ground-up layer of soil that covers the entire surface. Viewed close-up, it is revealed as being made up of broken bits of rock and melted glass, all produced during bombardment of the surface by micrometeorites. Ruler at bottom left has 1 mm markings. Credit: NASA/JSC.

micrometeorites; (2) mare samples, which are mostly chunks of lava rock, although some volcanic ash has been recovered; and (3) terra samples, which are crushed, broken and re-assembled fragments of the original crust of the Moon. Each type of sample gives us unique information on lunar history and processes. Regolith Over the history of the Moon, micrometeorite bombardment has pulverised the surface rocks into a chaotic mass of fine-grained material called the regolith (also informally called ‘lunar soil’, although it contains no organic matter). The regolith consists of single mineral grains, rock fragments, and combinations of these that have been cemented by impact-generated glass (Figure 10). Because the Moon has no atmosphere, its soil is directly exposed to the high-speed solar wind, gases flowing out from the Sun that become implanted directly onto small surface grains. The regolith’s thickness depends on the age of the bedrock that underlies it and thus how long the surface has been exposed to meteoritic bombardment; regolith in the maria is 2–8 m thick, whereas in highland regions its thickness may exceed 15 m. The composition of the regolith closely resembles that of the local underlying bedrock. Some exotic components are always present, perhaps having arrived as debris flung from a large distant impact. But this is the exception rather than the rule. The contacts between mare and highland units appear sharp from lunar orbit, which suggests that relatively little material has been transported laterally. Thus, while mare regoliths may contain numerous terrae fragments, in general these derive not from far-away highland plateaus but are instead crustal material excavated locally from beneath the mare deposits. Impacts energetic enough to form metre-size craters in the lunar regolith sometimes compact and weld the loose soil into a type of rock called regolith breccia. Once fused into

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Figure 11. A mare basalt from the Apollo 15 landing site. This rock is a fragment of the lava that fills the Imbrium basin on the Moon. Note the many holes in the rock, caused by the escape of gas contained in the erupted lava when it spilled out onto the lunar surface. This rock was erupted onto the Moon over 3.3 billion years ago. Credit: NASA/JSC.

a coherent mass, a regolith breccia no longer undergoes the fine-scale mixing and ‘gardening’ taking place in the unconsolidated soil around it. Thus, regolith breccias are ‘fossilised soils’ that retain not only their ancient composition but also the chemical and isotopic properties of the solar wind from the era in which they formed. Maria Thanks to our lunar samples, there is no longer any doubt that the maria are volcanic in origin. The mare rocks are basalts, which have a fine-grained or even glassy crystalline structure (indicating that they cooled rapidly) and are rich in iron and magnesium (Figure 11). Basalts are a widespread volcanic rock on Earth, consisting mostly of the common silicates pyroxene and plagioclase, numerous accessory minerals, and sometimes olivine (an iron–magnesium silicate). But the lunar basalts display some interesting departures from this basic formulation. For example, they are completely devoid of water – or indeed any form of hydrated mineral – and contain few volatile elements in general. Basalts from Mare Tranquillitatis and Mare Serenitatis are remarkably abundant in titanium, sometimes containing roughly ten times more than is typically found in their terrestrial counterparts. The mare basalts originated hundreds of kilometres deep within the Moon in the total absence of water and the near-absence of free oxygen. There the heat from decaying radioactive isotopes created zones of partially molten rock, which ultimately forced its way to the surface. The occurrence of mare outpourings within impact basins is no

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Figure 12. A microscopic view of the famous ‘orange soil’ from the Apollo 17 landing site reveals it to consist of tiny fragments of volcanic glass. This material is ash from a lunar volcanic eruption, caused when magma is shot out of a vent under high pressure. This volcanic ash was erupted more than 3.7 billion years ago. Width of image 2.2 mm. Credit: NASA/JSC.

coincidence, for the crust beneath these basins must have been fractured to great depth by the cataclysmic impacts that formed them. Much later, molten magmas rose to the surface through these fractures and erupted onto the basin floors. Although they may appear otherwise, the maria average only a few hundred metres in thickness. These volcanic veneers tend to be thinner near the rims that confine them and thicker over the basins’ centres (as much as 2–4 km in some places). What the maria may lack in thickness they make up for in sheer mass, which frequently is great enough to deform the crust underneath them. This has stretched the outer edges of the maria (creating fault-like depressions called grabens) and compressed their interiors (creating raised ‘wrinkle’ ridges). Basalts returned from the mare plains range in age from 3.8 to 3.1 billion years, a substantial interval of time. But small fragments of mare basalt found in highland breccias solidified even earlier – as long ago as 4.3 billion years. We do not have samples of the youngest mare basalts on the Moon, but stratigraphic evidence from high-resolution photographs suggests that some mare flows actually overlie (and therefore postdate) young, rayed craters and may be no older than 1 billion years. A variety of volcanic glasses – distinct from the ubiquitous, impact-generated glass beads in the regolith – were found in the soils at virtually all the Apollo landing sites. They were even scattered about the terrae sites, far from the nearest mare. Some of these volcanic materials are similar in chemical composition, but not identical, to the mare basalts and were apparently formed at roughly the same time. One such sample, tiny beads of orange glass, came from the Apollo 17 site (Figure 12). They are akin to the small airborne droplets accompanying volcanic ‘fire fountains’ on Earth, like those in Hawaii. The force of the eruption throws bits of lava high into the air, which solidify into tiny spherules before hitting the ground. The Moon’s volcanic glass beads have had a similar origin. The orange ones from the Apollo 17 site get their colour from a high (more than 9 wt%) titanium content. Some glasses are coated with amorphous mounds of volatile elements like zinc, lead, sulphur, and chlorine.

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Figure 13. A breccia, formed by the crushing and welding back together of existing rocks, struck by an impacting asteroid on the Moon. All of the highland rocks show evidence of damage by impact and breccias are the most common rock type on the Moon. Credit: NASA/JSC.

Terra The highland samples are mostly mixtures of crushed and broken rock fragments, cemented together as breccias (Figure 13). Other samples include several fine-grained crystalline rocks with a wide range of compositions. In these cases, the shock and pressure were so overwhelming that the ‘target’ melted completely, creating in effect entirely new rocks from whatever ended up in the molten mass. The impactors become part of this mixture, and these impact–melt rocks contain distinct elemental signatures of meteoritic material. Based on the samples in hand, virtually all of the highland breccias and impact melts formed between about 4.0 and 3.8 billion years ago. The relative brevity of this interval surprised researchers – why were all the highland rocks so similar in age? Perhaps the rate of meteoritic bombardment on the Moon increased dramatically during that time. Alternatively, the narrow age range may merely mark the conclusion of an intense and continuous bombardment that began 4.6 billion years ago, the estimated time of lunar origin. To resolve the enigma, we must return to the Moon and sample its surface at carefully selected geologic sites. The highland samples returned by the last four Apollo crews provided other surprises. Unlike glasses and basalts, which quench quickly after erupting onto the surface, some of the clasts in the highland breccias contained large, well-formed crystals, indicating that they had cooled and solidified slowly, deep inside the Moon. At least two distinct magmas were involved in their formation. Rocks composed almost completely of plagioclase feldspar, with just a hint of iron-rich silicates, are called anorthosites (Figure 14). These rocks are widespread in the highlands and indicate that the early Moon was probably completely molten. Absolute dating of the anorthosites has proved difficult, but it appears that they are extremely ancient, having crystallised very soon after the Moon formed (4.6–4.5 billion years ago). The highlands’ other dominant rock type is also abundant in plagioclase feldspar, but

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Figure 14. A sample of the original lunar crust, an anorthosite, a rock type made up almost completely of plagioclase feldspar. The widespread distribution of this rock type on the Moon indicates that the outer part of the early Moon must have been completely molten. Credit: NASA/JSC.

it contains substantial amounts of olivine and a variety of pyroxene low in calcium. This second class of rocks is collectively termed the Mg-suite, so called because they contain considerable amounts of magnesium (Mg). These rocks appear to have undergone the same intense impact processing as the anorthosites, and their crystallisation ages vary widely – from about 4.3 billion years to almost the age of the Moon (4.5 billion years). The anorthosite and Mg-suite rocks could not have crystallised from the same ‘parent’ magma, so at least two (and probably more) deep-seated sources contributed to the formation of the early lunar crust. Conceivably, both magmas might have existed simultaneously during the first 300 million years of lunar history. This would contradict our notion of the Moon as a geologically simple world and greatly complicate our picture of the formation and early evolution of its crust. During early study of the Apollo samples, an unusual chemical component was identified that is enriched in incompatible trace elements – those that do not fit well into the atomic structures of the common lunar minerals plagioclase, pyroxene and olivine as molten rock cools and crystallises. This element group includes potassium (K), rare-earth elements (REE) like samarium, and phosphorus (P); geochemists refer to this element combination as KREEP. KREEP represents the final product of the crystallisation of a global magma system that solidified aeons ago. The global map of thorium produced by the Lunar Prospector mission shows the current surface distribution of KREEP (Plate 7).

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Recent lunar exploration: from Clementine to today The United States has always had two parallel space efforts. The main impetus for the race to the Moon from the beginning was national security. In the 1980s, research efforts in the military space programme centred around the needs of space-based strategic missile defense, the so-called Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) or ‘Star Wars’. A concept studied in SDI was the deployment of thousands of lightweight, high-technology sensors in a myriad of small satellites, a project referred to as ‘Brilliant Pebbles’, the brainchild of Edward Teller and his crew at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The concept behind Brilliant Pebbles was simple – because space-based defense assets were vulnerable, make thousands of them and make them small and inexpensive, so that with many spacecraft in orbit, the loss of a few wouldn’t destroy the integrity of the system. Although Brilliant Pebbles was a good way to work around one aspect of space-based strategic defense vulnerable to criticism, one of its development problems was how to do a systems test. The 1970 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty prohibited tests of space-based defense hardware in low Earth orbit. During a discussion with colleagues, Stewart Nozette of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory sketched out the concept for a mission that could test and qualify SDI technology in space while avoiding treaty probFigure 15. The insignia of the Clementine mission, showing its intended targets – the Moon and an asteroid. The ‘#9’ alludes to the song My Darling Clementine (‘number 9 mine shaft’), while the shield with three stars was the symbol of the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization, the Defense Department group that built and flew Clementine. Credit: Dept. Defense.

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Recent lunar exploration: from Clementine to today

Table 4. Clementine instruments and experiments – description and specifications Cameras

Array

FOV

Filters (nm)

Resolution

UV–VIS NIR

288 384 256 256

4.2° 5.6° 5.6°

100–500 m 150–500 m

Long IR High-resolution Star tracker

128 128 288 384 384 576

1.0° 0.3° 0.4° 28° 43°

415, 750, 900, 950, 1000 1100, 1250, 1500, 2000, 2600, 2780 BBa: 8000–9000 BB, 415, 560, 650, 750 BB

Instrument Laser ranger

Wavelength 1064 nm

Vertical Res. 40 m

Horizontal Res. 100 m

Experiment Bistatic radar

Wavelength 13.2 cm

Beam width 8°

Power (W) 6

A spacingb 1–2 km

55–136 m 8–35 m (sky images) C spacingc 40 km

Notes: a Broad-band filter, 400–1000 nm. b Along-track spacing of data points, running north–south along direction of Clementine’s orbital path. c Cross-track spacing of altimetry groundtracks, fixed by period of Clementine orbit and rotation rate of the Moon.

lems: send the spacecraft into deep space and use the Moon and an asteroid as targets for sensor tests. A quick study effort by an ad hoc team at Livermore and the Applied Physics Laboratory near Washington D.C. determined that the Brilliant Pebbles sensors could indeed return useful scientific data for these bodies. Accordingly, NASA signed a memorandum of agreement with the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO), Department of Defense, to conduct a joint mission to the Moon and a near-Earth asteroid. The goals of the Clementine mission were to space-qualify the SDIO hardware and to map the Moon and an asteroid with these small, advanced sensors. With a nod toward the old song My Darling Clementine (the daughter of an 1849 California gold-rush miner), the mission was christened Clementine because it would assess the mineral content of the Moon and an asteroid, possibly with an eye towards the ‘mining’ of those bodies in the future (Figure 15). After the asteroid flyby, the spacecraft would fly off into deep space, just as the song says, ‘you are lost and gone forever’. With the high-technology, but rugged and inexpensive Brilliant Pebbles sensor suite, a superb scientific mission could be flown, including not only global multispectral mapping but also laser altimetry to measure the topography of the Moon (Plate 1; Table 4). Normally, missions are studied for years before gradually taking shape; the proposed Lunar Polar Orbiter mission was studied for 20 years – and then, not flown! Clementine was to be different: the object was to build, launch, and fly the complete mission within three years of its approval. Clementine was launched on 25 January 1994 (Figure 16), a mere two years after an initial meeting to review the design concept. The Clementine spacecraft (Figure 17) was built by the Naval Research Laboratory under the supervision of the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization. Careful management of the programme

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Figure 16. Launch of the Clementine spacecraft on 25 January 1994 from the US Air Force Titan II pad at Vandenberg Air Force Base in southern California. This facility is home to most of America’s military space missions, but that’s not why Clementine was launched from there – Vandenberg has the only Titan II launch facility in operational existence, the Titan pads at Cape Canaveral, Florida, having been dismantled years ago. Credit: USAF.

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Recent lunar exploration: from Clementine to today

Figure 17. Artist rendering of the Clementine spacecraft. The small door in the middle of the spacecraft covers the sensor deck, where the imaging cameras are mounted. Overall length is slightly more than 1 m; the spacecraft weighed only about 200 kg (dry mass, without propellant). Credit: US Naval Research Laboratory.

brought the spacecraft along on schedule and on budget. Much of the reason the Clementine project was done so well and so quickly was because it was kept small; no more than about 300 people ever worked on the mission, even during times of peak activity. The total cost of Clementine was about US$80 million (1992 dollars), including the use of a surplus ICBM Titan II rocket as the launch vehicle. The Clementine instrument suite, although designed for entirely different purposes, was able to accomplish significant scientific mapping of the Moon. Clementine had six different instruments including four scientific cameras (Figure 18), each performing a specific function or covering a certain part of the spectrum. The images most useful for compositional mapping are the ultraviolet–visible (UV–VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) cameras (Table 4). These imagers cover the visible and near-infrared parts of the spectrum. Each camera had filters that permitted only light of selected wavelengths to pass. These filter bandpasses were carefully chosen by the Clementine Science Team before

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Figure 18. Types of image and their respective fields of view taken by the Clementine sensors. The images used for this atlas were all taken by the UV–VIS camera, which mapped the moon in five colours. Credit: US Naval Research Laboratory.

flight to allow certain parts of the spectrum where mineral bands are found to be measured and mapped. For example, a very abundant mineral on the Moon is pyroxene, an iron- and magnesium-rich silicate mineral, common in lunar igneous rocks. Pyroxene has a distinctive absorption band around 1000 nm. Thus, both UV–VIS and NIR cameras had many filters between 900 and 1200 nm to allow the absorption band to be mapped globally on the Moon. Thus, with these multicolour data, we can map the mineral content and composition of the Moon (Plate 4). In addition to this compositional mapping, Clementine carried other instruments that collected a variety of other lunar science data (Table 4). A far-IR camera measured the thermal properties of the surface in selected areas. A high-resolution camera took selected images at a resolution ten times higher than the UV–VIS camera (Figure 18), but the spacecraft did not orbit the Moon long enough to get global coverage with this instrument. A ranging experiment used a laser pulse to measure precisely the distance of the spacecraft to the surface whenever it was closer than about 500 km. By subtracting the orbital altitude, these data can be used to make a map of the topography of the Moon. The two star-tracker cameras were used mostly to navigate the spacecraft, but they were capable of producing many beautiful images as well (Figure 19). Finally, although not technically a scientific instrument, the spacecraft radio transmitter was capable of bouncing radio signals off the Moon that could be received by the large antennas of NASA’s Deep Space Network on Earth. Study of those reflected radio waves would provide one of Clementine’s biggest surprises and discoveries. After a month-long trip from Earth (on a circuitous route of ‘phasing loops’ of the Earth, taken to conserve spacecraft fuel), Clementine arrived at the Moon on 20 February 1994 and spent the next two and a half months orbiting and mapping its surface (Figure 20). The mission was controlled from a renovated National Guard warehouse in

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Recent lunar exploration: from Clementine to today

(a)

Figure 19. In addition to general scientific mapping cameras, the Clementine spacecraft carried two star-tracker cameras for the optical navigation. These cameras were also used to take some spectacular general views during the mission. These two images are examples of such pictures. (a) The earthilluminated Orientale basin is clearly visible while the zodiacal light (illuminated dust that orbits the Sun) creates a glow from behind the Moon; Venus is at left. (b) The lunar south pole is shown along with the Earthshine terminator, which delineates the near side from the far side; Venus is again at left. Credit: US Naval Research Laboratory.

(b)

Alexandria, Virginia, a facility nick-named the ‘Batcave’. A small team of Naval Research Laboratory engineers and the NASA-selected science team, led by Gene Shoemaker and Paul Spudis, worked around the clock, making sure that data were being taken properly and marvelling at our first, global look at the Moon. After 330 orbits and taking over 2.5 million pictures, Clementine blasted out of lunar orbit on 3 May 1994 on its way to the asteroid Geographos, scheduled for encounter in August of that year. A software malfunction in the spacecraft computer caused Clementine to spin out of control and forced

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Figure 20. Clementine orbited the Moon in an elliptical orbit, whose perilune (closest approach) was at 30° S latitude during the first month’s mapping and then rotated to 30° N during the second month. This strategy allowed us to map the entire Moon over the course of only 71 days. Credit: US Naval Research Laboratory.

Recent lunar exploration: from Clementine to today

the cancellation of the asteroid phase of the mission. The spinning spacecraft swung by the Moon on 20 July 1994 and entered solar orbit, 25 years to the day after Apollo 11 landed on the Moon. Clementine conducted our first global compositional and topographic mapping of the Moon. Some of the scientific results from the mission are discussed elsewhere in appropriate topical sections. The global, digital, multispectral image of the Moon (Plate 4) was taken in 11 wavelengths, all filters being carefully selected by the science team to assure that we could extract the appropriate mineral information. From these data, we have be able to map the rock types that make up the crust. Because impact craters have excavated the Moon to a variety of depths, we can reconstruct the structure and composition of the crust in three dimensions. Strips of images taken by the high-resolution camera will allow us to interpret surface process in many areas. We have infrared, thermal images of selected areas that have allowed us to determine the physical properties of the surface layer at many different sites with diverse geological settings. One of the most striking results from Clementine is the global topographic map we obtained from the laser altimetry (Plate 1). For the first time, we see the huge basins in all of their glory. The gigantic South Pole–Aitken basin on the far side was determined to be the biggest (2500 km diameter), deepest (over 12 km) impact crater yet found in the Solar System. Other degraded, almost obliterated impact basins stand out prominently in the topographic data. An astonishing result for some of these basins is their great depth; basins that appear nearly obliterated in the photographs appear to be as deep as the day they were created. This topographic information, combined with the compositional data provided by the multispectral maps (Plates 1–4), will allow us to probe the crust to great depths and is revolutionising our knowledge of the processes and history of the Moon. Data at different wavelengths can also be combined to produce an approximate true-colour picture of the Moon (Plate 5). This shows the Moon to be slightly brown in colour (as reported by some of the Apollo astronauts) with the fresh impact features appearing relatively blue. Our first good view of the polar regions allowed us to identify areas of great importance for future exploration. In particular, the Clementine view of the south polar region (LAC 144) shows some interesting properties. There is a large area of darkness near the pole, much greater in extent than might be expected by the 1.5° tilt of the Moon’s spin axis (Figure 2). This dark region must be the result of the pole lying within the rim of the South Pole–Aitken basin. It thus lies below the topographic level in which the Sun is visible. Dark regions near the pole never receive heat from sunlight and become ‘cold traps’, zones in which the temperature never exceeds about 230 °C, only 43 K greater than absolute zero! If water molecules (for example, pieces of an icy comet) were to land in such cold traps, they could never get out again. Over geological time (the South Pole–Aitken basin dates back at least 4 billion years), significant amounts of water could have accumulated in the traps. Clementine did not carry instruments that would allow it to ‘see’ into the dark areas, but an experiment was improvised while Clementine was orbiting the Moon, using the spacecraft transmitter to beam radio waves into the dark areas. Analysis of the reflected radio waves indicates that deposits of ice exist in the dark areas near the south pole of the Moon. A small area near the south pole appears to protrude above the local horizon placing it in almost constant sunlight. On the basis of Clementine data, this site is illuminated more than 80% of the lunar day during southern ‘winter’ (the time of illumination would be even greater during the ‘summer’). The site, on the rim of the 21 km diameter crater Shackleton near the pole, will be an interesting one for a future landing. Such a

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site would not only permit a lander to use solar panels for electrical power, but is also thermally benign, seeing neither of the extremes of the heat of the lunar noon (over 100 °C) nor the cold of the lunar midnight (150 °C) found at sites on the equator. The simple, nearly constant temperature here greatly simplifies the thermal design required of a spacecraft. Finally, the site’s location among targets of such great scientific interest (the South Pole–Aitken basin massifs) and resource potential (ice deposits) assure its importance as the site of a future mission. In the longer term, such a locality would be highly desirable as an outpost site for human habitation. With these data from Clementine, we may have identified the most valuable piece of real estate in the inner Solar System.

Lunar Prospector Lunar Prospector (LP), the first of NASA’s new, cheaper, ‘Discovery’-class missions, was launched to the Moon on 6 January 1998. LP orbited the Moon in a 100 km altitude, polar orbit for over 18 months. It carried a variety of instruments that, in many ways, complemented the instrument package of the earlier Clementine mission. In part, LP’s stated objectives were to map the resources of the Moon, including assessments of polar volatiles and basic elemental composition. In addition, it would map the gravity and magnetic fields of the Moon over the course of its one-year nominal mission. The spacecraft was a spin-stabilised microsat, about 100 kg in dry mass. It carried a gamma-ray spectrometer, designed to measure lunar-surface chemical composition, a neutron spectrometer (to measure hydrogen in the regolith and search for ice in the polar regions), a magnetometer, and radio tracking for gravity-field measurements. Because all instruments were non-pointing, with 4 fields-of-view, the resolution of compositional maps is fixed by the orbital altitude. For the gamma-ray and neutron maps, nominal surface resolution is about 100 km. As the orbital altitude was lowered during the extended mission, some higher-resolution data (about 30 km) are also available. Of particular interest in the LP data is the distribution of the element thorium (Th) on the Moon (Plate 7). This element tracks the distribution of KREEP (mentioned earlier). Most of the thorium in the upper crust of the Moon is highly concentrated in a large, regional oval centred on Oceanus Procellarum; smaller concentrations are observed

Plates – global maps of selected lunar properties The distributions of many physical or chemical parameters on the Moon are most easily shown in global maps of selected properties. A popular practice is to render maps of some variables in a graduated colour scale, such that the distribution of certain numerical ranges are shown in selected colours. In this section, we present global maps of some key lunar variables – topography, mineralogy and chemistry – in this ‘pseudo-colour’ format for quick reference. To aid in the determination of which surface features correlate with selected properties, we use the global shaded-relief base map (also presented in the 144 LAC charts with nomenclature) under selected variables. All maps are in the Lambert equal-area projection and show the near-side hemisphere on the left and the far-side hemisphere on the right. Approximate scale for these global maps is 1 cm ~ 450 km.

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Recent lunar exploration: from Clementine to today

associated with the floor of South Pole–Aitken basin. The Procellarum terrain’s enrichment in Th is unexplained. It may represent an original heterogeneity in the crust of the Moon (inherited from global differentiation) or, it could be the result of material excavated and thrown across the surface by the impact that created the Imbrium basin. The (lower in magnitude) Th anomaly associated with the South Pole–Aitken basin floor suggests that the enrichment in Th here may be the result of the exposure of lower crustal material. Lunar Prospector’s neutron spectrometer detected high concentrations of hydrogen at both poles. In the form of water ice, the latest results from LP show an amount of hydrogen equivalent to about 10 km3 of ice, with the south pole having slightly more than the north pole. Moreover, the low-altitude (high-resolution) neutron data show that these high concentrations of hydrogen are correlated with the large areas of darkness seen in the Clementine mosaics (LACs 1 and 144). This result almost certainly means that large quantities of water ice exist in these dark areas, confirming the earlier result of the 1994 Clementine bistatic radar experiment. Measurements of the interaction of the geomagnetic field of Earth with the orbiting Moon from LP has confirmed that the Moon possesses a small, metallic core, about 400 km in diameter, or about 2% of the mass of the Moon. This core is mostly iron, but may contain significant amounts of iron sulphide (FeS). Numerous, intense zones of magnetism are associated with bright swirl material on the Moon. LP has found that some of these magnetic anomalies are intense enough actually to deflect the solar wind from the surface. If such fields are geologically old, there should be enhanced solar-wind gas implantation along the margins of these anomalies, and shielded areas beneath the magnetic ‘bubbles’. At the end of its mapping mission, the Lunar Prospector spacecraft was deliberately crashed into the Moon, near the south pole, in the hope that a cloud of water vapour might be released, which could then be seen by telescopes on Earth. This experiment was conducted on 31 July 1999; no vapour cloud was detected. This negative result does not mean there is no water ice on the Moon; it means only that we did not detect it in this experiment. The LP spacecraft also contained a small portion of the ashes of Gene Shoemaker, Science Team Leader of Clementine, who was tragically killed in an automobile accident in 1997. Gene had wanted to become an astronaut early in the Apollo program, but a medical condition prohibited it. He finally made it to the Moon – and into a crater near the south pole that will bear his name forever (LAC 144).

A new golden age of lunar exploration Since the end of NASA’s Lunar Prospector mission in 1999, six new international robotic spacecraft have been sent to explore the Moon and new lunar data has been taken by three other spacecraft on their way to other destinations. These new data are of such abundance and quality that we are truly entering a new ‘golden age’ of lunar exploration and science. In 2003, the European Space Agency sent the SMART-1 spacecraft to the Moon. This mission was similar to Clementine in that it was primarily a technology testbed for a collection of new and advanced technologies for future space missions. SMART-1 was launched in September 2003 and using low-thrust, electric propulsion, entered lunar orbit a little more than a year later, in November 2004. SMART-1 carried a variety of

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The Moon

Figure 21. Mosaic of frames from the SMART-1 imager of the lunar crater Pythagoras (140 km diameter; 63.5° N, 63° W). Credit: Space-X and ESA.

sensors, including an imaging camera that allowed us to see the south pole of the Moon in higher resolution than was possible with Clementine, and instruments to measure lunar surface chemistry and mineralogy. SMART-1 was not designed to systematically map the Moon, but it did return a variety of useful data (Figure 21), including measurements of polar lighting conditions that complemented and extended the knowledge we had obtained previously from Clementine images. The next step in lunar exploration was the launching of two global mapping spacecraft: the long-awaited SELENE mission of Japan finally rocketed to the Moon in September 2007 and China’s entry into lunar exploration (the Chang’E 1 mission) was launched a month later. Both spacecraft were sent into circular, polar mapping orbits, with SELENE (since renamed Kaguya) put into a 100 km orbit and Chang’E into a 200 km orbit. At over one metric tonne, Japan’s large Kaguya spacecraft carried imagers, optical, X-ray and gamma-ray spectrometers, magnetometers, and other instruments designed to conduct a complete geological, geochemical and geophysical survey of the Moon. Kaguya also carried a high-definition television camera that produced spectacularly beautiful images as it orbited the Moon, silently floating above the dramatic landscape (Figure 22). Kaguya collected data for over 2 years until it was de-orbited in June 2009. Among its many contributions are the first direct mapping of the far-side gravity field, high-resolution mapping of surface magnetic anomalies, a topographic map more detailed and precise than that of Clementine, and global imaging at favourable sun illumination at better than 20 metres/pixel surface resolution (Figure 23). The Chang’E 1 mission likewise obtained global maps in stereo of the surface (Figure 24) and also mapped the chemistry and topography of the Moon. In addition, the Chang’E 1 spacecraft carried a microwave sounder, designed to measure the physical

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A new golden age of lunar exploration

Figure 22. Kaguya HDTV image of the north pole of the Moon, looking back towards Earth from the lunar far side. The two large craters in the foreground are Plaskett (109 km diameter; 82.1° N, 174.3° E) and Rozhdestvensky (177 km diameter; 85.2° N, 155.4° W). Credit: JAXA/NHK.

properties of the lunar regolith on a global basis. The mission was completed by crashing the spacecraft into the Moon in March 2009. A second Chang’E mission was launched in October 2010 and mapped selected areas on the Moon in high detail in preparation for a lander and surface rover mission in the near future. On 9 June 2011, the Chang’E 2 spacecraft left lunar orbit for a Lagrange-point as a test of cislunar space navigation and maneuverability. Two other missions have been sent to the Moon to conduct global mapping. India’s Chandrayaan-1 was launched in October 2008 on a mission to map the Moon with a variety of chemical and geophysical sensors. It also carried a separate Moon Impact Probe, designed to de-orbit and descend to the south pole of the Moon, making measurements and taking pictures along the way. In addition to an Indian payload of cameras, spectrometers and an altimeter, Chandrayaan-1 carried an international contribution of six additional instruments, including two from the United States: the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3), an imaging spectrometer to map the mineral composition of the Moon and the Mini-SAR radar imager, designed to map the permanently shadowed areas near the poles and detect water ice deposits that might exist there (Figure 25). The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) mission from the United States was designed to collect strategic information about the lunar environment and resources to support the return of people to the Moon. The LRO spacecraft carried cameras that would produce the most detailed images ever taken from lunar orbit, a laser altimeter to map the shape of the Moon in unprecedented detail, and sensors to measure the temperature, environment and physical nature of the polar deposits of the Moon. LRO also carried a second-generation radar instrument, called Mini-RF, which was an improvement upon the Chandrayaan-1 radar instrument. This radar mapper was capable of mapping the surface in two wavelengths at a resolution an order of magnitude higher than Mini-SAR (Plate 8; Figure 26). The results from these missions have revolutionised our understanding of the

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Figure 23. Kaguya Terrain Camera (TC) image mosaic of the Mare Moscoviense, an impact basin on the far side of the Moon (see LAC 48, 49). Credit: JAXA.

deposits and processes of the poles of the Moon. The M3 instrument on Chandrayaan1 discovered spectral evidence for water at high latitudes (Figure 25). This water occurs as an extremely thin layer found on the surfaces of mineral and glass fragments and is both temporally and spatially variable, increasing with cooler surface temperatures and higher latitudes. The existence of this surficial water was confirmed by two other spacecraft that flew by the Moon, the Cassini mission (on its way to Saturn in 1999) and EPOXI, the former ‘Deep Impact’ spacecraft, during a flyby a decade later. The Moon Impact Probe of Chandrayaan-1 found evidence for water vapour near the south pole, in concentrations more than 100 times greater than those near the equator. The LRO DIVINER measurements of lunar surface temperature reveal extremely cold temperatures in the polar dark areas, with temperatures as low as 25 K, colder than the sunlit surface of Pluto. Moreover, surfaces colder than 100 K (in which water ice is stable) are widespread in the polar areas. Finally, the Mini-SAR and Mini-RF instruments mapped craters near both poles that are in permanent darkness and contain material with high circular polarisation ratio (Plate 8). This material is probably water ice mixed with lunar regolith occurring within the cold traps of the poles.

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A new golden age of lunar exploration

Figure 24. Image mosaic of Mare Australe taken by the Chinese spacecraft Chang’E 1. Credit: Chinese Space Agency (CNSA).

In addition to detailed mapping of the Moon from orbit, the LCROSS lunar surface impactor provided the final piece of evidence in the lunar ice debate. LCROSS was a co-manifest launch with LRO (two spacecraft sharing the same launch vehicle). It consisted of the Centaur upper stage of the Atlas launch vehicle that sent LRO to the Moon, and together with a small satellite that accompanied this stage into the Moon. The LCROSS satellite precisely steered the Centaur into Cabeus crater near the south pole, before detaching itself a few minutes before impact so that it could observe the impact ejecta thrown up into sunlight when the upper-stage of the Centaur created a new impact crater on 9 October 2009. Both water vapour and particles of water ice crystals were observed, in addition to a variety of other volatiles, including carbon dioxide,

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Figure 25. Image of the Moon taken by the Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) experiment aboard the Chandrayaan-1 mission. On the left is an albedo image from the 750 nm wavelength band. On the right is an image made from the 2800 nm (water) band, showing the increasing amounts of adsorbed water with increasing latitude above 65° at both poles. Credit: NASA/JPL.

ammonia, methane and a number of simple organic compounds. All of these species would be expected if the polar volatiles were derived from the impact of comets on the Moon over geological time. These results suggest, but do not prove, that at least some of the lunar polar ice is of cometary origin. Collectively, all the new results suggest that a complex and previously unappreciated water cycle exists on the Moon, with water being present as exospheric molecules, monolayers on surface dust grains, mixed within regolith in the polar regions and, finally, as ice deposits within certain polar craters. Water ice is present in a greater quantity and variety of settings than had been imagined. Based on the results of these recent missions, we have revised the book of the Moon. The Moon has a hydrosphere, in which water is made or deposited, moved around, lost to space and sequestered in permanent cold dark areas near the poles. Although such processes had been postulated, we now have direct evidence for a portion of lunar history that had only previously been imagined. We have found new rock types in the lunar highlands, unusual landforms, subsurface caverns, spectacular flows of impact melt, subsurface layering and new basins and craters to explore. One of the original motivations for the Clementine mission was to document the resources and habitability of the Moon. Based upon the clues that mission gave to us, we planned and executed a whole new series of exploratory missions. Those missions have confirmed many of Clementine’s initial findings and added new layers of complexity with many additional discoveries of great significance. The Moon is a complex planetary body with a unique and interesting history. It contains the resources we need to live and work productively on it. It will become humanity’s first new home off the Earth. More astonishing discoveries await us there.

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A new golden age of lunar exploration

Figure 26. The 41km diameter crater Kopff as viewed by both LROC and Mini-RF. The radar can detect changes in surface roughness that are not immediately apparent in the optical image. Using both optical images and radar data synergistically enhances the scientific analysis of such features. Credits: NASA/LRO Project/ASV (left image), NASA/LRO Project/APL (right image).

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Atlas details The Clementine data The Clementine spacecraft entered a 400–3000 km elliptical lunar orbit on 19 February 1994. It remained in this 5 h period orbit for 71 days, systematically mapping the surface of the Moon with its instrument suite (Table 4). Because of the elliptical nature of the orbit, perilune (the point of closest approach the lunar surface) was moved from 28° S to 30° N approximately half-way through the mapping phase of the mission (Figure 20). This ensured that the entire surface of the Moon was mapped at approximately the same resolution. The imaging data set shown in this atlas comes from Clementine’s ultraviolet–visual (UV–VIS) instrument. The UV–VIS camera was essentially a digital camera with a 384 288 pixel array. This camera contained five filters and imaged over 99% of the lunar surface at an average resolution of 200 m/pixel. The images used here were taken with the 750 nm filter as they are close to the visible part of the spectrum and are of better quality than the 415 nm images. Because of the redundant overlap in surface coverage at high latitudes between consecutive orbits, the Clementine team devised a mapping strategy that conserved data volume. In a type A orbit the spacecraft (travelling from south to north) began mapping at 70° S and finished imaging when it was above the North Pole. In a type B orbit, mapping began at 90° S and finished at 70° N. Type A and B orbits were alternated on each revolution, resulting in a seamless, global digital image of the Moon (Figure 20). Processing of the images is achieved using the Integrated Software for Imaging Spectrometers (ISIS) produced by the Astrogeology branch of the United States Geological Survey in Flagstaff, Arizona. The raw images are radiometrically and photometrically calibrated; essentially, they are converted from the original data to a set of quantitative brightness values of the Moon at a variety of wavelengths. These calibrated images are then cartographically reprojected and mosaicked into the atlas pages contained in Part II of this book. Mosaicking is required because each individual Clementine image only covers a small part of the lunar surface. A typical LAC atlas page is made from roughly 80 UV–VIS images. The goal of the Clementine UV–VIS camera was to collect multi-spectral data. This required that the data were collected with as high a Sun angle as possible, i.e. close to local noon. This minimises the amount of shadow, thus maximising surface coverage, but has the slight negative aesthetic effect of making some of the equatorial LACs appear slightly washed out.

The atlas Back in the 1960s, a standardised mapping scheme to cover the planets was devised by the United States Air Force Mapping and Information Center. Standard quadrangles called Lunar Aeronautical Charts (LAC; later changed to Lunar Map, LM) were devised at a scale of 1:1 million along standard parallels of latitude and longitude. The Moon was covered in 144 standard maps. The projections of the individual LACs vary as a function of latitude (see Figures 27–30). Maps near the equator are in Mercator projection; mid and high latitudes use the Lambert conic conformal projection. Polar regions (within 10°

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Atlas details

of each pole) are shown in polar stereographic projection. Figure 29 shows how the LACs were laid out for the Moon, using a global shaded relief as the base. The map projections used for this atlas are based on those of the LACs with one minor change. Figure 27 shows that, in the original LACs, at medium–high latitudes several LACs all use the same mapping parameters, e.g. maps 2, 3, 10, 11 and 12 all use the Lambert projection with a centre latitude of 64° N and centre longitude of 35° W. In order to ensure that north is always ‘up’ in the atlas pages, we have slightly modified this projection scheme. Using the same batch of LACs as an example, in this atlas LACs 2 and 3 are both projected using a centre latitude of 72° N, whilst 10, 11 and 12 are projected around 56° N, i.e. the latitude used for projecting a LAC is equal to the centre latitude of the region covered by that LAC. Similarly, instead of using one centre longitude for a batch of LACs, the centre longitude used for an atlas page LAC is always equal to the centre longitude of the area covered by the LAC. The result of these slight modifications to the projection scheme is shown in Figure 27. A summary of the projections used is shown in Table 5.

Figure 27. A close-up of the LAC 2 ‘block’ of high latitude Lambert conformal maps, showing how we have re-oriented each LAC from its longitude of projection to a consistent ‘north-at-top’ orientation.

Table 5. Key cartographic parameters of the atlas maps LAC

Latitude range of LAC

Longitude range of LAC

Name of map projection

Centre latitude of projection

1 2–9 10–21 22–36 37–54 55–72 73–90 91–108 109–123 124–135 136–143 144

80° N–90° N 64° N–80° N 48° N–64° N 32° N–48° N 16° N–32° N 0°–16° N 16° S–0° 32° S–16° S 48° S–32° S 64° S–48° S 80° S–64° S 90° S–80° S

360° 45° 30° 24° 20° 20° 20° 20° 24° 30° 45° 360°

Polar stereographic Lambert conformal Lambert conformal Lambert conformal Lambert conformal Mercator Mercator Lambert conformal Lambert conformal Lambert conformal Lambert conformal Polar stereographic

90° N 72° N 56° N 40° N 24° N n/aa n/a 24° S 40° S 56° S 72° S 90° S

Note: a n/a not applicable.

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The Moon

Figure 28. The image shows a portion of LAC 18 containing the craters Chappell and Cooper as well as the satellite craters Cooper G and Chappell T. Note the displacement of the letter labels on the satellitic craters towards their host craters. The right-hand side of the figure show the azimuth-dependent labelling scheme used for the satellitic craters on the lunar far side.

Each double page of the atlas consists of a pair of maps that depict the same region of the lunar surface. The left-hand page (or top page if the atlas is rotated so that north is ‘up’) consists of a Clementine 750 nm photomosaic. The other map is an annotated shaded relief image. This shaded relief image has been made using the ‘shade’ program in ISIS on a new global topography file generated by the LROC team. The topography data are generated predominantly from LROC stereo data, merged with LOLA data in the polar regions. The ‘shade’ program generates a shaded relief image using this topography file and a user-chosen Sun position. For the shaded relief images used in this atlas we placed the Sun at a 30° elevation, with the light coming from the east. We then generate the atlas LACs by reprojecting this shaded relief image. These annotated shaded relief mosaics have all major craters and physical features (e.g. mountain ranges, mare areas) labelled. Both pages have the same latitude and longitude grid and are reproduced at the same scale (in the maps printed in this book, 1 cm on the map corresponds to approximately 25 km on the Moon). Exact map scale varies slightly with the different projections used; a good rule of thumb for the Moon is that 1° of latitude equals 30 km on the Moon, so the 2° lines of latitude printed on each atlas page are always 60 km apart. It is not feasible to give a name to every crater on the Moon. As mentioned in the Preface, the annotated atlas pages show crater names and also identify the satellitic craters associated with these pricipal craters (defined by the Mädler system; for details see E. A. Whitaker’s Mapping and Naming the Moon, Cambridge University Press, 1999). In this system, craters surrounding a major crater are given a letter identification. These satellitic craters are usually, but not always, smaller than the principal crater they are associated with. On the lunar near side this was a slightly haphazard affair because the satellitic craters were chosen in order of importance. As this work was based on telescopic studies, the craters’ appearances are dependent on the direction of solar illumination. The result is that there is no obvious reason why certain satellitic craters were chosen instead of others. For the lunar far side a systematic approach was taken by Whitaker. The identification letter for a satellitic crater is dependent on its direction from the host crater. If the satellitic crater is directly to the north of its host crater, it has the letter Z; a crater due south is M. The letters of the alphabet (except I and O) are used in a clock-like format with A being slightly east of due North. This is shown in an example on Figure 28 which is the portion of LAC 18. Often a satellitic crater may reside close to more than one principal crater. In order

lvi

Figure 29. Index of the LAC scheme for the lunar mapping.

The Moon

Figure 30. Index of the LAC maps in The Clementine

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Atlas details

Atlas of the Moon. Lambert equal-area projection.

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The Moon

to try and aid the reader in identifying the host crater with ease, the atlas uses a consistent labelling scheme. Satellitic crater letters are set 2 points smaller than the text used for the host craters. Additionally the labelling position is intended to ‘point’ towards the host crater. In Figure 28 the crater labelled by the letter T could theoretically refer to either Cooper or Chappell. There are three clues as to the crater’s identity: first, the text size is slightly smaller than Chappell and the same size as Cooper, suggesting that the crater belongs to Chappell. The second clue is that if you trace a line from the centre of the crater, through the identification letter, and extend the line, it points towards Chappell. If the crater lies on the far side, as is the case here, a third clue as to the satellite crater’s identity is if the letter is in the correct relative location to the host crater, using the clock system. ‘T’ should be located approximately in the 9 o’clock position to its host crater, Thus all these three clues indicate that the crater is ‘Chappell T’. Whilst this method may not be foolproof, it should work for almost all satellite craters. But if in any doubt, the reader can look in the Gazetteer for the location and size of all the satellitic craters. Two different index maps are provided to help the reader locate the LAC associated with a particular location. Figure 29 shows the Moon projected using the original LAC mapping scheme. Figure 30 shows near- and far-side shaded relief images in a Lambert equal-area projection. LAC boundaries are indicated together with latitude and longitude on these images. Sometimes the astute reader will notice a slight discrepancy in the position of a crater in the Clementine mosaic and the annotated shaded relief map. This is normally due to small positional errors in the hand-airbrushed image and the reader should trust the location in the annotated shaded relief map. For absolute certainty, the reader can check on the position as indicated in the Gazetteer at the back of the atlas.

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Part II

The Clementine lunar atlas

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289

Abbe – Anders D

Gazetteer This index shows the feature name, the latitude and longitude of the centre of the feature, the diameter (D) of the crater in kilometres, and the LAC number where it can be found in the atlas. Some craters that originally were known by their Mädler name have since been given a new name, e.g. Taruntius G is now also known as Anville. Most scientific literature will refer to this crater as Taruntius G, and hence this is the name shown in the atlas LAC. For completeness these features are listed in the gazetteer twice, with the alternative name shown in parenthesis. Feature Name Abbe Abbe H Abbe K Abbe M Abbot (Apollonius K) Abel Abel A Abel B Abel C Abel D Abel E Abel J Abel K Abel L Abel M Abenezra Abenezra A Abenezra B Abenezra C Abenezra D Abenezra E Abenezra F Abenezra G Abenezra H Abenezra J Abenezra P Abetti Abul Wafa Abul Wafa A Abul Wafa Q Abulfeda Abulfeda A Abulfeda B Abulfeda Ba Abulfeda C Abulfeda D Abulfeda E Abulfeda F Abulfeda G Abulfeda H Abulfeda J Abulfeda K Abulfeda L Abulfeda M Abulfeda N Abulfeda O Abulfeda P Abulfeda Q Abulfeda R Abulfeda S Abulfeda T Abulfeda U Abulfeda W Abulfeda X Abulfeda Y Abulfeda Z Acosta (Langrenus C) Adams Adams B Adams C Adams D Adams M Adams P Aepinus Agatharchides Agatharchides A Agatharchides B Agatharchides C Agatharchides E Agatharchides F

Lat. 57.3° S 58.2° S 59.6° S 61.6° S 5.6° N

Long. 175.2° E 177.9° E 177.3° E 175.5° E 54.8° E

D 66 25 28 29 10

LAC 132 132 132 132 62

34.5° S 36.6° S 36.7° S 36.0° S 37.7° S 37.8° S 35.5° S 35.0° S 34.4° S 32.2° S 21.0° S 22.8° S 20.8° S 21.3° S 21.7° S 21.4° S 21.5° S 20.5° S 21.1° S 19.9° S 19.9° S 20.1° N 1.0° N 1.4° N 0.2° N 13.8° S 16.4° S 14.5° S 14.6° S 12.8° S 13.2° S 16.7° S 16.2° S 13.1° S 13.8° S 15.5° S 14.9° S 14.1° S 16.2° S 15.1° S 15.4° S 15.5° S 12.8° S 12.8° S 12.2° S 14.8° S 13.0° S 12.5° S 15.0° S 12.8° S 14.7° S 5.6° S

87.3° E 86.0° E 82.8° E 81.0° E 87.7° E 86.5° E 79.0° E 77.2° E 82.6° E 83.6° E 11.9° E 10.5° E 10.1° E 11.1° E 9.7° E 9.4° E 10.3° E 11.0° E 12.8° E 10.7° E 9.9° E 27.8° E 116.6° E 116.8° E 115.7° E 13.9° E 10.8° E 16.4° E 16.8° E 10.9° E 9.5° E 10.2° E 13.0° E 9.0° E 9.6° E 10.0° E 10.6° E 10.7° E 12.1° E 12.2° E 11.2° E 11.5° E 12.3° E 13.0° E 13.3° E 13.8° E 13.8° E 13.9° E 14.0° E 14.1° E 15.2° E 60.1° E

122 19 41 31 30 13 11 9 67 81 42 23 14 44 8 14 7 5 4 5 44 1.5 55 16 30 65 14 15 13 17 20 6 13 7 5 5 10 5 10 14 7 5 3 7 5 7 6 5 6 5 5 13

116 116 116 115 116 116 115 115 116 116 96 96 96 96 95 95 96 96 96 96 95 42 65 65 65 78 96 78 78 78 77 96 96 77 77 77 78 78 96 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 80

31.9° S 31.5° S 32.3° S 32.5° S 34.8° S 35.2° S 88.0° N 19.8° S 23.2° S 21.5° S 22.0° S 20.7° S 20.3° S

68.2° E 65.6° E 65.5° E 71.6° E 69.2° E 71.0° E 108.6° W 30.9° W 28.4° W 31.6° W 32.9° W 33.0° W 31.8° W

66 28 10 42 24 24 17.4 48 16 7 12 15 6

98 98 115 115 115 115 1 93 93 93 93 93 93

Agatharchides G Agatharchides H Agatharchides J Agatharchides K Agatharchides L Agatharchides N Agatharchides O Agatharchides P Agatharchides R Agatharchides S Agatharchides T Agrippa Agrippa B Agrippa D Agrippa E Agrippa F Agrippa G Agrippa H Agrippa S Airy Airy A Airy B Airy C Airy D Airy E Airy F Airy G Airy H Airy J Airy L Airy M Airy N Airy O Airy P Airy R Airy S Airy T Airy V Airy X Aitken Aitken A Aitken C Aitken G Aitken N Aitken Y Aitken Z Akis Alan Al-Bakri (Tacquet A) Albategnius Albategnius A Albategnius B Albategnius C Albategnius D Albategnius E Albategnius G Albategnius H Albategnius J Albategnius K Albategnius L Albategnius M Albategnius N Albategnius O Albategnius P Albategnius S Albategnius T Al-Biruni Al-Biruni C Alden Alden B Alden C Alden E

20.1° S 20.4° S 21.6° S 21.0° S 21.1° S 21.1° S 19.2° S 20.2° S 18.3° S 17.7° S 18.2° S 4.1° N 6.2° N 3.8° N 5.2° N 4.4° N 3.9° N 4.8° N 5.3° N 18.1° S 17.0° S 17.6° S 19.3° S 18.2° S 20.7° S 18.2° S 18.7° S 18.7° S 19.0° S 20.4° S 19.2° S 17.8° S 16.7° S 15.8° S 19.6° S 17.2° S 19.2° S 17.5° S 18.9° S 16.8° S 14.0° S 14.0° S 16.8° S 17.7° S 12.0° S 15.1° S 20.0° N 10.9° S 14.3° N

26.7° W 33.9° W 32.5° W 27.4° W 26.7° W 29.6° W 26.6° W 28.7° W 30.7° W 30.5° W 27.7° W 10.5° E 9.4° E 6.7° E 8.5° E 11.4° E 6.2° E 10.7° E 8.9° E 5.7° E 7.7° E 8.5° E 4.9° E 8.5° E 7.6° E 7.3° E 7.0° E 5.8° E 6.1° E 7.5° E 7.6° E 8.2° E 8.3° E 8.4° E 8.8° E 9.4° E 9.4° E 9.2° E 10.2° E 173.4° E 173.7° E 175.8° E 174.2° E 172.7° E 173.2° E 173.3° E 31.8° W 6.1° W 20.2° E

6 15 13 11 8 22 5 66 5 3 5 44 4 20 5 6 13 6 32 36 13 29 34 7 38 5 25 9 4 6 1 8 5 7 7 5 40 5 4 135 13 74 7 7 35 33 2 2 12

94 93 93 94 94 94 94 94 93 93 94 60 59 59 59 60 59 60 59 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 77 95 95 95 95 96 86 86 86 104 104 86 86 39 77 60

11.7° S 8.9° S 10.0° S 10.3° S 11.3° S 12.9° S 9.4° S 9.7° S 11.15° S 9.95° S 12.1° S 8.9° S 9.8° S 13.2° S 12.9° S 13.3° S 12.6° S 17.9° N 18.4° N 23.6° S 20.5° S 22.5° S 23.2° S

4.3° E 3.2° E 4.0° E 3.7° E 7.1° E 6.4° E 1.9° E 5.2° E 6.2° E 2.0° E 6.3° E 4.2° E 4.5° E 4.2° E 4.5° E 6.1° E 6.1° E 92.5° E 93.0° E 110.8° E 112.6° E 111.4° E 112.4° E

114 7 20 6 9 14 15 11 7 10 8 9 9 5 5 6 9 77 9 104 17 50 28

77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 46 46 101 101 101 101

Alden V Alder Alder E Aldrin Alekhin Alekhin E Alexander Alexander A Alexander B Alexander C Alexander K Alfraganus Alfraganus A Alfraganus C Alfraganus D Alfraganus E Alfraganus F Alfraganus G Alfraganus H Alfraganus K Alfraganus M Alhazen Alhazen A Alhazen D Aliacensis Aliacensis A Aliacensis B Aliacensis C Aliacensis D Aliacensis E Aliacensis F Aliacensis G Aliacensis H Aliacensis K Aliacensis W Aliacensis X Aliacensis Y Aliacensis Z Al-Khwarizmi Al-Khwarizmi B Al-Khwarizmi G Al-Khwarizmi H Al-Khwarizmi J Al-Khwarizmi K Al-Khwarizmi L Al-Khwarizmi M Al-Khwarizmi T Almanon Almanon A Almanon B Almanon C Almanon D Almanon E Almanon F Almanon G Almanon H Almanon K Almanon L Almanon P Almanon Q Almanon R Al-Marrakushi (Langrenus D) Aloha Alpes A Alpes B Alpetragius Alpetragius B Alpetragius C Alpetragius G Alpetragius H Alpetragius J Alpetragius M

22.5° S 48.6° S 47.6° S 1.4° N 68.2° S 67.2° S 40.3° N 40.7° N 40.3° N 38.5° N 40.5° N 5.4° S 3.0° S 6.1° S 4.0° S 4.6° S 3.5° S 2.6° S 4.4° S 5.3° S 5.6° S 15.9° N 16.2° N 19.7° N 30.6° S 29.7° S 31.3° S 32.6° S 33.1° S 30.4° S 32.7° S 33.3° S 31.8° S 31.4° S 31.9° S 29.6° S 30.1° S 30.0° S 7.1° N 9.0° N 6.9° N 6.0° N 6.2° N 4.6° N 3.9° N 3.1° N 7.0° N 16.8° S 17.7° S 18.3° S 16.1° S 18.6° S 17.9° S 15.9° S 17.8° S 19.0° S 15.8° S 18.9° S 18.5° S 18.1° S 18.2° S 10.4° S

110.1° E 177.4° W 172.3° W 22.1° E 131.3° W 124.1° W 13.5° E 14.9° E 15.2° E 14.9° E 19.3° E 19.0° E 20.3° E 18.1° E 20.1° E 19.0° E 20.8° E 21.2° E 19.1° E 19.5° E 19.6° E 71.8° E 74.3° E 75.2° E 5.2° E 7.4° E 3.2° E 5.4° E 6.9° E 2.3° E 3.9° E 4.7° E 6.1° E 6.2° E 5.3° E 6.9° E 7.4° E 4.6° E 106.4° E 107.4° E 107.1° E 109.2° E 107.6° E 107.6° E 107.4° E 107.0° E 104.5° E 15.2° E 15.3° E 15.3° E 16.0° E 15.6° E 13.7° E 14.3° E 14.6° E 15.3° E 15.4° E 16.6° E 17.0° E 17.0° E 15.9° E 55.8° E

19 77 16 3 70 38 81 4 4 5 4 20 13 11 8 4 9 6 13 4 3 32 14 33 79 14 16 8 10 9 5 8 6 7 11 4 5 4 65 62 95 50 47 26 35 18 15 49 10 25 16 6 5 5 5 6 8 6 8 5 4 8

101 132 120 60 142 143 26 26 26 26 26 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 63 45 45 95 95 95 112 112 95 112 112 95 95 95 95 95 95 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 96 96 96 78 96 96 78 96 96 78 96 96 96 96 80

29.8° N 51.4° N 45.8° N 16.0° S 15.1° S 13.7° S 18.2° S 18.0° S 18.0° S 16.5° S

53.9° W 0.3° W 0.9° W 4.5° W 6.8° W 6.1° W 6.5° W 6.0° W 5.7° W 3.2° W

3 11 5 39 10 2 12 5 4 24

38 12 12 77 77 77 95 95 95 95

Alpetragius N Alpetragius U Alpetragius V Alpetragius W Alpetragius X Alphonsus Alphonsus A Alphonsus B Alphonsus C Alphonsus D Alphonsus G Alphonsus H Alphonsus J Alphonsus K Alphonsus L Alphonsus R Alphonsus X Alphonsus Y Alter Alter K Alter W Ameghino (Apollonius C) Amici Amici M Amici N Amici P Amici Q Amici R Amici T Amici U Ammonius (Ptolemaeus A) Amontons Amundsen Amundsen A (Hedervari) Amundsen C Anaxagoras Anaxagoras A Anaxagoras B Anaximander Anaximander A Anaximander B Anaximander D Anaximander H Anaximander R Anaximander S Anaximander T Anaximander U Anaximenes Anaximenes B Anaximenes E Anaximenes G Anaximenes H Andel Andel A Andel C Andel D Andel E Andel F Andel G Andel H Andel J Andel K Andel M Andel N Andel P Andel S Andel T Andel W Anders Anders D

16.7° S 17.7° S 18.1° S 17.95 15.6° S 13.7° S 14.8° S 13.2° S 14.4° S 15.1° S 12.3° S 15.6° S 15.1° S 12.5° S 12.0° S 14.4° S 15.0° S 14.7° S 18.7° N 16.3° N 20.4° N 3.3° N

3.8° W 5.1° W 5.8° W 6.0° W 5.7° W 3.2° W 2.3° W 0.2° W 4.8° W 0.8° W 3.3° W 0.5° W 2.5° W 0.1° W 3.7° W 1.9° W 4.4° W 1.8° W 107.5° W 106.0° W 109.2° W 57.0° E

11 14 17 27 32 108 4 24 4 23 4 8 8 20 4 3 5 3 64 22 52 9

95 95 95 95 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 54 72 54 62

9.9° S 11.8° S 11.8° S 12.3° S 12.0° S 11.4° S 9.7° S 8.7° S 8.5° S

172.1° W 171.9° W 172.5° W 174.1° W 175.7° W 175.2° W 174.0° W 175.5° W 0.8° W

54 105 39 31 47 34 43 96 8

86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 77

5.3° S 84.3° S 81.8° S

46.8° E 85.6° E 83.1° E

2 79 101 144 74 144

80.7° S 73.4° N 72.2° N 70.3° N 66.9° N 68.0° N 67.8° N 65.4° N 65.2° N 66.2° N 68.3° N 67.2° N 64.1° N 72.5° N 68.8° N 66.5° N 73.8° N 74.6° N 10.4° S 10.8° S 9.0° S 10.8° S 12.0° S 8.3° S 11.0° S 6.7° S 7.5° S 5.8° S 9.7° S 10.2° S 11.6° S 11.4° S 11.2° S 12.4° S 41.3° S 40.4° S

83.2° E 10.1° W 6.9° W 11.4° W 51.3° W 50.2° W 60.7° W 50.1° W 40.8° W 54.9° W 53.4° W 52.0° W 48.3° W 44.5° W 37.9° W 31.4° W 40.4° W 45.3° W 12.4° E 11.3° E 11.2° E 11.7° E 12.2° E 11.1° E 12.4° E 11.3° E 11.4° E 11.6° E 11.1° E 11.4° E 12.3° E 12.7° E 13.3° E 12.3° E 142.9° W 140.5° W

27 50 18 5 67 16 78 92 9 8 7 7 8 80 9 10 56 43 35 14 3 6 6 9 4 6 6 4 27 8 19 4 4 12 40 23

291

144 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 121 121

Anders G – Balmer P

Feature Name Anders G Anders X Anderson Anderson E Anderson F Anderson L Andersson Andronov Ango Angström Angström A Angström B Ann Annegrit Ansgarius Ansgarius B Ansgarius C Ansgarius M Ansgarius N Ansgarius P Antoniadi Anuchin Anuchin B Anuchin L Anuchin N Anuchin Q Anuchin V Anville (Taruntius G) Apennine Front Apianus Apianus A Apianus B Apianus C Apianus D Apianus E Apianus F Apianus G Apianus H Apianus J Apianus K Apianus L Apianus M Apianus N Apianus P Apianus R Apianus S Apianus T Apianus U Apianus V Apianus W Apianus X Apollo Apollonius Apollonius A Apollonius B Apollonius C (Ameghino) Apollonius D Apollonius E Apollonius F Apollonius G (Townley) Apollonius H Apollonius J Apollonius K (Abbot) Apollonius L Apollonius M Apollonius N Apollonius P Apollonius S Apollonius T (Bombelli) Apollonius U Apollonius V Apollonius W (Petit) Apollonius X Apollonius Y Appleton Appleton D Appleton M Appleton Q Appleton R Arago Arago B Arago C Arago D

292

Lat. 41.8° S 39.7° S 15.8° N 16.9° N 16.3° N 14.6° N 49.7° S 22.7° S 20.5° N 29.9° N 30.9° N 31.7° N 25.1° N 29.4° N 12.7° S 11.9° S 14.8° S 11.3° S 11.9° S 13.0° S 69.7° S 49.0° S 46.7° S 50.2° S 51.6° S 51.1° S 48.1° S 1.9° N

Long. 141.9° W 143.8° W 171.1° E 173.4° E 173.6° E 170.9° E 95.3° W 146.1° E 32.3° W 41.6° W 41.1° W 44.1° W 0.1° W 25.6° W 79.7° E 83.8° E 74.8° E 78.8° E 81.2° E 75.9° E 172.0° W 101.3° E 103.3° E 101.7° E 99.6° E 98.3° E 99.6° E 49.5° E

D 18 21 109 28 49 14 13 16 1 9 6 6 3 1 94 29 14 7 10 10 143 57 24 15 33 50 15 10

LAC 121 121 68 50 50 50 135 102 39 39 39 39 41 40 81 81 81 81 81 81 141 130 130 130 129 129 129 61

25.9° N 26.9° S 25.7° S 27.4° S 28.1° S 26.1° S 28.8° S 28.1° S 28.1° S 28.1° S 26.3° S 27.4° S 29.1° S 24.7° S 28.8° S 25.2° S 25.7° S 25.6° S 27.7° S 27.9° S 25.3° S 25.5° S 28.3° S 36.1° S 4.5° N 4.8° N 5.7° N 3.3° N

3.7° E 7.9° E 6.6° E 9.0° E 10.5° E 10.7° E 8.2° E 6.4° E 7.7° E 8.7° E 8.6° E 9.3° E 10.9° E 10.3° E 9.9° E 9.2° E 8.9° E 8.5° E 9.5° E 9.0° E 10.5° E 7.4° E 7.1° E 151.8° W 61.1° E 56.8° E 57.6° E 57.0° E

6 63 14 10 20 35 9 6 5 7 7 7 5 7 4 40 13 8 12 16 3 9 3 537 53 24 32 9

41 95 95 95 96 96 95 95 95 95 95 95 96 96 95 95 95 95 95 95 96 95 95 121 62 62 62 62

4.2° N 4.4° N 5.6° N 3.4° N

59.3° E 61.9° E 60.0° E 63.3° E

16 16 16 19

62 62 62 62

3.4° N 4.6° N 5.6° N

59.6° E 57.5° E 54.8° E

20 12 10

62 62 62

6.5° N 4.8° N 4.8° N 5.7° N 1.1° N 5.3° N

54.6° E 61.9° E 64.1° E 59.6° E 62.6° E 56.2° E

9 10 9 17 15 10

62 62 62 62 62 62

4.9° N 4.4° N 2.3° N

59.9° E 58.2° E 63.5° E

7 16 5

62 62 62

7.0° N 4.9° N 37.2° N 38.0° N 33.9° N 34.3° N 36.2° N 6.2° N 3.4° N 3.9° N 6.9° N

58.1° E 62.6° E 158.3° E 160.6° E 158.3° E 155.3° E 156.2° E 21.4° E 20.8° E 21.5° E 22.4° E

31 10 63 37 21 26 39 26 7 3 4

62 62 32 32 32 32 32 60 60 60 60

Arago E Aratus Aratus A (Galen) Aratus B Aratus C Aratus CA Aratus D Archimedes Archimedes A (Bancroft) Archimedes C Archimedes D Archimedes E Archimedes F (Macmillan) Archimedes G Archimedes H Archimedes K (Spurr) Archimedes L Archimedes M Archimedes N Archimedes P Archimedes Q Archimedes R Archimedes S Archimedes T Archimedes U Archimedes V Archimedes W Archimedes X Archimedes Y Archimedes Z Archytas Archytas B Archytas D Archytas G Archytas K Archytas L Archytas U Archytas W Argelander Argelander A Argelander B Argelander C Argelander D Argelander W Ariadaeus Ariadaeus A Ariadaeus B Ariadaeus D Ariadaeus E Ariadaeus F Aristarchus Aristarchus A (Vaisala) Aristarchus B Aristarchus C Aristarchus D Aristarchus F Aristarchus H Aristarchus N Aristarchus S Aristarchus T Aristarchus U Aristarchus Z Aristillus Aristillus A Aristillus B Aristoteles Aristoteles D Aristoteles M Aristoteles N Arminski Arminski D Arminski K Armstrong (Sabine E) Arnold Arnold A Arnold E Arnold F Arnold G Arnold H Arnold J Arnold K Arnold L Arnold M Arnold N Arrhenius

8.5° N 23.6° N 21.9° N 24.2° N 24.1° N 24.5° N 24.3° N 29.7° N 28.0° N

22.7° E 4.5° E 5.0° E 5.4° E 9.5° E 11.2° E 8.6° E 4.0° W 6.4° W

6 10 10 7 4 7 4 82 13

60 41 41 41 41 42 41 41 41

31.6° N 32.2° N 25.0° N 24.2° N

1.5° W 2.6° W 7.2° W 7.8° W

8 5 3 7

41 25 41 41

29.1° N 23.9° N 27.9° N

8.2° W 7.0° W 1.2° W

3 4 13

41 41 41

25.0° N 26.1° N 24.1° N 25.9° N 28.5° N 26.0° N 29.5° N 30.3° N 32.8° N 32.9° N 23.8° N 31.0° N 29.9° N 26.8° N 58.7° N 61.3° N 63.5° N 55.6° N 62.6° N 56.2° N 62.8° N 61.2° N 16.5° S 16.5° S 15.5° S 16.3° S 17.6° S 16.7° S 4.6° N 4.6° N 4.9° N 4.9° N 5.3° N 4.4° N 23.7° N 25.9° N

2.6° W 3.2° W 3.9° W 2.5° W 2.4° W 6.6° W 2.7° W 5.0° W 1.9° W 4.0° W 6.2° W 8.0° W 9.5° W 1.4° W 5.0° E 3.2° E 11.8° E 0.5° E 7.7° E 0.9° E 9.2° E 5.2° E 5.8° E 6.8° E 5.1° E 5.7° E 4.4° E 4.2° E 17.3° E 17.5° E 15.0° E 17.0° E 17.7° E 18.0° E 47.4° W 47.8° W

4 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 2 2 2 31 36 43 7 15 5 8 6 34 9 6 4 11 19 11 8 8 4 24 3 40 8

41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 25 25 41 41 41 41 12 12 13 12 12 12 12 12 95 95 77 95 95 95 60 60 60 60 60 60 39 39

26.3° N 27.9° N 23.7° N 21.7° N 22.6° N 22.8° N 19.3° N 19.6° N 19.7° N 25.5° N 33.9° N 33.6° N 34.8° N 50.2° N 47.5° N 53.5° N 52.9° N 16.4° S 15.9° S 17.1° S 1.4° N

46.8° W 47.5° W 42.9° W 46.5° W 45.7° W 42.9° W 46.2° W 46.4° W 48.6° W 48.4° W 1.2° E 4.5° E 1.9° W 17.4° E 14.7° E 27.2° E 26.8° E 154.2° E 155.3° E 154.6° E 25.0° E

7 7 5 18 4 3 4 4 4 8 55 5 8 87 6 7 5 26 19 22 4

39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 25 25 25 13 26 13 13 103 85 103 60

66.8° N 68.8° N 71.6° N 67.5° N 67.3° N 72.6° N 65.9° N 70.8° N 70.2° N 68.3° N 70.2° N 55.6° S

35.9° E 39.8° E 38.3° E 35.2° E 31.4° E 45.3° E 33.7° E 42.8° E 36.1° E 43.6° E 41.9° E 91.3° W

94 57 32 10 11 13 6 29 33 7 18 40

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 135

Arrhenius J Arrhenius P (Blanchard) Artamonov Artem’ev Artem’ev G Artem’ev L Artemis Artsimovich Aryabhata (Maskelyne E) Arzachel Arzachel A Arzachel B Arzachel C Arzachel D Arzachel H Arzachel K Arzachel L Arzachel M Arzachel N Arzachel T Arzachel Y Asada (Taruntius A) Asclepi Asclepi A Asclepi B Asclepi C Asclepi D Asclepi E Asclepi G Asclepi H Ashbrook Aston Aston K Aston L Atlas Atlas A Atlas D Atlas E Atlas G Atlas L Atlas P Atlas W Atlas X Atwood (Langrenus K) Atwood Autolycus Autolycus A Autolycus K Auwers Auwers A Auzout Auzout A (Van Albada) Auzout B (Krogh) Auzout C Auzout D Auzout E Auzout L Auzout R Auzout U Auzout V Avery Avicenna Avicenna E Avicenna G Avicenna R Avogadro Avogadro D Azophi Azophi A Azophi B Azophi C Azophi D Azophi E Azophi F Azophi G Azophi H Azophi J Baade Babakin Babbage Babbage A Babbage B Babbage C Babbage D

57.6° S 58.3° S

88.3° W 93.5° W

18 38

135 135

25.5° N 10.8° N 10.3° N 8.3° N 25.0° N 27.6° N 6.2° N

103.5° E 144.4° W 142.8° W 143.3° W 25.4° W 36.6° W 35.1° E

60 67 60 30 2 8 22

46 70 70 70 40 39 61

18.2° S 18.0° S 17.0° S 17.4° S 20.2° S 18.7° S 18.3° S 20.0° S 20.6° S 20.4° S 17.7° S 18.2° S 7.3° N

1.9° W 1.5° W 2.9° W 3.7° W 2.1° W 2.0° W 1.6° W 0.1° E 0.9° W 2.2° W 1.3° W 4.3° W 49.9° E

96 10 8 6 8 5 4 8 3 3 3 4 12

95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 61

55.1° S 52.9° S 54.1° S 53.3° S 53.5° S 52.1° S 53.3° S 52.7° S 81.4° S 32.9° N 35.1° N 35.5° N 46.7° N 45.3° N 50.4° N 48.6° N 50.7° N 51.3° N 49.6° N 44.4° N 45.1° N 5.8° S

25.4° E 23.0° E 23.9° E 23.4° E 24.1° E 24.1° E 24.8° E 25.1° E 112.5° W 87.7° W 87.8° W 86.5° W 44.4° E 49.6° E 49.6° E 42.5° E 46.5° E 48.6° E 52.7° E 44.2° E 45.0° E 57.7° E

42 14 19 11 18 7 5 19 156 43 14 10 87 22 25 58 23 6 27 4 5 29

127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 144 36 36 36 27 27 14 14 14 14 14 27 27 80

5.8° S 30.7° N 30.9° N 31.2° N 15.1° N 13.8° N 10.3° N 9.4° N

57.7° E 1.5° E 2.2° E 5.4° E 17.2° E 18.3° E 64.1° E 64.3° E

29 39 4 3 20 8 32 22

80 41 41 41 60 60 62 62

9.4° N 8.8° N 9.3° N 9.6° N 8.3° N 8.7° N 9.4° N 9.3° N 1.4° S 39.7° N 40.0° N 39.0° N 38.9° N 63.1° N 64.4° N 22.1° S 24.4° S 23.6° S 21.8° S 24.3° S 23.5° S 22.2° S 23.9° S 25.5° S 21.2° S

65.7° E 65.3° E 62.3° E 60.6° E 61.3° E 60.1° E 61.0° E 61.4° E 81.4° E 97.2° W 91.1° W 92.0° W 100.1° W 164.9° E 169.5° E 12.7° E 11.2° E 10.6° E 13.1° E 13.4° E 13.8° E 13.9° E 12.3° E 11.8° E 13.1° E

20 16 10 17 9 6 8 7 9 74 25 26 21 139 20 47 29 19 5 9 5 6 53 21 8

62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 81 36 36 36 36 18 7 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96

44.8° S 20.8° S 59.7° N 59.0° N 57.1° N 59.1° N 58.6° N

81.8° W 123.3° E 57.1° W 55.1° W 59.7° W 57.3° W 61.0° W

55 20 143 32 7 14 68

109 101 10 10 10 10 10

Babbage E Babbage U Babbage X Babcock Babcock H Babcock K Baby Ray Back (Schubert B) Backlund Backlund E Backlund L Backlund N Backlund P Backlund R Backlund S Baco Baco A Baco B Baco C Baco D Baco E Baco F Baco G Baco H Baco J Baco K Baco L Baco M Baco N Baco O Baco P Baco Q Baco R Baco S Baco T Baco U Baco W Baco Z Baillaud Baillaud A Baillaud B Baillaud C Baillaud D Baillaud E Baillaud F Bailly Bailly A Bailly B Bailly C Bailly D Bailly E Bailly F Bailly G Bailly H Bailly K Bailly L Bailly M Bailly N Bailly O Bailly P Bailly R Bailly T Bailly U Bailly V Bailly Y Bailly Z Baily Baily A Baily B Baily K Balandin Balboa Balboa A Balboa B Balboa C Balboa D Baldet Baldet J Ball Ball A Ball B Ball C Ball D Ball E Ball F Ball G Balmer Balmer M Balmer N Balmer P

58.5° N 60.9° N 60.2° N 4.2° N 3.0° N 1.2° N 9.1° S 1.1° N 16.0° S 15.5° S 18.2° S 17.8° S 18.9° S 16.8° S 16.8° S 51.0° S 52.8° S 49.5° S 50.8° S 51.6° S 52.9° S 50.4° S 54.4° S 51.9° S 54.7° S 53.9° S 49.5° S 49.2° S 50.8° S 52.1° S 50.8° S 52.3° S 49.2° S 49.4° S 53.7° S 52.4° S 53.3° S 53.0° S 74.6° N 75.7° N 73.0° N 75.0° N 73.6° N 74.3° N 75.7° N 66.5° S 69.3° S 68.8° S 65.6° S 65.2° S 62.5° S 67.5° S 65.6° S 63.5° S 62.8° S 60.8° S 61.4° S 60.5° S 69.6° S 59.6° S 64.8° S 66.5° S 71.3° S 72.0° S 61.3° S 60.2° S 49.7° N 48.6° N 51.0° N 51.5° N 18.9° S 19.1° N 17.4° N 20.3° N 19.6° N 18.2° N 53.3° S 54.6° S 35.9° S 34.7° S 36.9° S 37.7° S 35.6° S 36.5° S 36.9° S 37.7° S 20.3° S 20.7° S 19.9° S 20.4° S

61.4° W 51.3° W 49.9° W 93.9° E 96.5° E 95.2° E 15.4° E 80.7° E 103.0° E 105.3° E 103.5° E 102.8° E 102.0° E 101.5° E 100.6° E 19.1° E 20.2° E 16.6° E 14.8° E 16.4° E 16.2° E 17.7° E 17.2° E 18.9° E 19.3° E 17.6° E 16.7° E 18.0° E 16.3° E 19.9° E 19.6° E 18.7° E 21.0° E 18.5° E 19.8° E 19.3° E 21.1° E 15.0° E 37.5° E 48.8° E 33.3° E 51.4° E 49.7° E 36.0° E 53.7° E 69.1° W 59.5° W 63.1° W 69.6° W 72.2° W 65.7° W 69.2° W 59.1° W 62.1° W 76.5° W 70.9° W 68.4° W 63.6° W 56.7° W 60.6° W 80.0° W 72.8° W 75.8° W 85.0° W 66.6° W 65.6° W 30.4° E 31.3° E 35.1° E 30.5° E 152.6° E 83.2° W 81.9° W 82.3° W 79.1° W 79.7° W 151.1° W 149.5° W 8.4° W 9.3° W 9.1° W 8.7° W 10.3° W 8.1° W 8.5° W 10.1° W 69.8° E 71.5° E 69.9° E 67.7° E

7 5 5 99 63 10 0 35 75 15 56 18 27 23 21 69 39 43 14 8 28 6 9 6 19 29 7 7 23 9 5 20 18 18 5 6 9 7 89 56 17 11 16 14 20 287 38 65 20 23 13 16 18 12 20 20 23 11 16 15 18 18 20 29 12 12 26 16 7 3 12 69 47 62 27 40 55 17 41 29 10 31 21 5 12 28 138 5 8 13

10 10 11 64 64 64 78 63 82 82 100 100 100 100 100 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 136 136 136 136 136 124 136 136 124 124 124 124 124 136 124 136 136 136 136 124 124 13 13 13 13 103 37 37 37 37 37 133 133 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 98 99 98 98

Balmer Q – Bohnenberger J

Feature Name Balmer Q Balmer R Balmer S Banachiewicz Banachiewicz B Banachiewicz C Banachiewicz E Banachiewicz F Bancroft (Archimedes A) Banting (Linne E) Barbier Barbier D Barbier F Barbier G Barbier H Barbier J Barbier K Barbier U Barbier V Barkla (Langrenus A) Barnard Barnard A Barnard D Barocius Barocius B Barocius C Barocius D Barocius E Barocius EC Barocius F Barocius G Barocius H Barocius J Barocius K Barocius L Barocius M Barocius N Barocius O Barocius R Barocius S Barocius W Barringer Barringer C Barringer Z Barrow Barrow A Barrow B Barrow C Barrow E Barrow F Barrow G Barrow H Barrow K Barrow M Bartels Bartels A Bawa Bayer Bayer A Bayer B Bayer C Bayer D Bayer E Bayer F Bayer G Bayer H Bayer J Bayer K Bayer L Bayer M Bayer N Bayer P Bayer R Bayer S Bayer T Bayer U Bayer V Bayer W Bayer X Bayer Y Bayer Z Beals (Riemann A) Bear Mountain Beaumont Beaumont A Beaumont B

Lat. 18.7° S 18.7° S 18.4° S 5.2° N 5.3° N 7.0° N 7.5° N 5.3° N 28.0° N

Long. 70.5° E 69.1° E 67.6° E 80.1° E 78.9° E 75.4° E 74.7° E 80.2° E 6.4° W

D 7 4 6 92 24 19 7 12 13

LAC 99 98 98 63 63 63 63 63 41

26.6° N 23.8° S 23.0° S 23.8° S 24.4° S 25.3° S 26.0° S 26.5° S 22.8° S 22.3° S 10.7° S

16.4° E 157.9° E 160.2° E 158.1° E 160.1° E 160.5° E 160.1° E 159.4° E 155.1° E 154.6° E 67.2° E

5 66 24 14 17 17 43 7 38 29 42

42 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 80

29.5° S 31.8° S 31.4° S 44.9° S 44.0° S 43.1° S 46.0° S 47.1° S 48.1° S 45.8° S 42.4° S 46.7° S 44.9° S 45.2° S 42.4° S 42.4° S 43.1° S 45.6° S 43.9° S 42.4° S 45.6° S 28.0° S 26.5° S 25.0° S 71.3° N 70.5° N 70.1° N 73.1° N 68.9° N 69.1° N 70.1° N 69.2° N 69.2° N 67.6° N 24.5° N 25.7° N 25.3° S 51.6° S 51.3° S 48.8° S 49.7° S 47.9° S 51.7° S 53.0° S 51.7° S 53.5° S 52.2° S 50.2° S 47.5° S 50.6° S 48.3° S 51.6° S 52.5° S 52.3° S 49.2° S 48.4° S 47.5° S 48.0° S 53.4° S 49.2° S 49.0° S 37.3° N

85.6° E 84.5° E 89.3° E 16.8° E 18.3° E 17.6° E 19.1° E 22.2° E 22.5° E 21.6° E 21.0° E 21.6° E 21.5° E 19.6° E 18.9° E 19.5° E 19.8° E 21.9° E 21.6° E 21.8° E 16.2° E 149.7° W 148.8° W 150.3° W 7.7° E 3.8° E 10.5° E 11.1° E 3.3° E 1.8° E 0.2° E 6.0° E 11.8° E 9.2° E 89.8° W 89.6° W 102.6° E 35.0° W 30.3° W 28.2° W 31.2° W 29.8° W 32.3° W 31.6° W 35.3° W 32.5° W 33.6° W 34.0° W 33.6° W 31.0° W 29.2° W 29.5° W 35.5° W 36.4° W 30.1° W 31.3° W 31.6° W 33.5° W 33.6° W 35.7° W 33.4° W 86.5° E

105 13 47 82 39 33 8 26 8 15 27 11 27 15 13 17 10 5 14 8 20 68 19 24 92 28 16 29 18 19 30 5 46 6 55 17 1 47 18 18 22 20 29 20 7 27 18 16 14 10 9 4 9 13 8 10 9 9 8 31 7 48

99 99 99 113 113 113 113 113 127 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 106 106 105 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 3 45 45 100 125 125 125 125 111 125 125 125 125 125 125 111 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 111 111 125 125 125 29

20.0° N 18.0° S 16.3° S 18.6° S

30.7° E 28.8° E 27.7° E 26.8° E

0 53 14 16

43 96 96 96

Beaumont C Beaumont D Beaumont E Beaumont F Beaumont G Beaumont H Beaumont J Beaumont K Beaumont L Beaumont M Beaumont N Beaumont P Beaumont R Becquerel Becquerel E Becquerel F Becquerel W Becquerel X Becvar Becvar D Becvar E Becvar J Becvar Q Becvar S Becvar T Becvar X Beer Beer A Beer B Beer E Behaim Behaim B Behaim BA Behaim C Behaim N Behaim S Behaim T Beijerinck Beijerinck C Beijerinck D Beijerinck H Beijerinck J Beijerinck R Beijerinck S Beijerinck U Beijerinck V Beketov (Jansen C) Bela Bel’kovich Bel’kovich A Bel’kovich B Bel’kovich K Bell Bell E Bell J Bell K Bell L Bell N Bell Q Bell T Bell Y Bellinsgauzen Bellot Bellot A Bellot B Belopolsky Belyaev Belyaev Q Bench Benedict Bergman Bergstrand Bergstrand G Bergstrand J Bergstrand Q Berkner Berkner A Berkner B Berkner Y Berlage Berlage R Bernouilli Bernouilli A Bernouilli B Bernouilli C Bernouilli D Bernouilli E Bernouilli K Berosus

20.2° S 17.0° S 18.8° S 18.3° S 20.3° S 17.2° S 19.9° S 17.5° S 14.4° S 19.4° S 16.9° S 19.9° S 17.9° S 40.7° N 41.0° N 40.9° N 42.2° N 42.2° N 2.9° S 1.5° S 2.0° S 3.6° S 2.9° S 3.0° S 1.8° S 0.6° S 27.1° N 27.2° N 25.7° N 27.8° N 16.5° S 16.1° S 16.4° S 16.7° S 16.1° S 16.6° S 16.1° S 13.5° S 11.0° S 12.8° S 14.2° S 14.8° S 14.7° S 14.2° S 12.4° S 12.7° S 16.3° N

28.0° E 26.2° E 27.5° E 26.6° E 27.1° E 28.4° E 26.5° E 30.1° E 30.0° E 28.6° E 27.7° E 29.6° E 30.7° E 129.7° E 131.5° E 132.9° E 126.9° E 128.1° E 124.5° E 126.5° E 127.8° E 126.6° E 124.0° E 121.1° E 121.9° E 124.2° E 9.1° W 8.6° W 9.0° W 7.8° W 79.4° E 76.8° E 76.0° E 77.8° E 73.5° E 81.4° E 81.3° E 151.8° E 153.7° E 153.1° E 153.3° E 153.7° E 149.2° E 147.2° E 149.0° E 150.1° E 29.2° E

6 11 18 10 8 6 5 6 4 10 5 17 4 65 32 21 27 34 67 15 15 45 28 14 27 26 9 4 2 3 55 24 14 13 9 25 11 70 20 14 16 40 28 27 18 42 8

96 96 96 96 96 96 96 97 78 96 96 96 97 30 31 31 30 30 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 41 41 41 41 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 87 87 87 87 87 88 88 88 87 42

24.7° N 61.1° N 58.7° N 58.9° N 63.8° N 21.8° N 22.0° N 19.9° N 18.3° N 19.7° N 19.5° N 20.7° N 21.9° N 25.4° N 60.6° S 12.4° S 13.4° S 13.5° S 17.2° S 23.3° N 20.6° N 3.2° S 4.4° N 7.0° N 18.8° S 20.0° S 20.4° S 20.1° S 25.2° N 27.6° N 29.3° N 27.8° N 63.2° S 64.0° S 35.0° N 36.4° N 36.9° N 35.3° N 35.7° N 35.3° N 36.7° N 33.5° N

2.3° E 90.2° E 86.0° E 85.0° E 93.6° E 96.4° W 95.8° W 94.0° W 95.1° W 95.8° W 96.9° W 97.2° W 98.9° W 96.7° W 164.6° W 48.2° E 47.7° E 47.8° E 128.1° W 143.5° E 139.4° E 23.4° W 141.5° E 137.5° E 176.3° E 179.4° E 178.2° E 175.1° E 105.2° W 104.8° W 104.1° W 106.2° W 162.8° W 167.6° W 60.7° E 60.9° E 65.6° E 67.2° E 66.5° E 63.0° E 62.7° E 69.9° E

11 214 58 13 47 86 15 18 18 23 18 23 52 23 63 17 8 7 59 54 50 0 14 21 43 34 25 59 86 22 33 31 92 25 47 22 22 19 12 26 20 74

41 15 15 15 15 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 133 79 79 79 107 48 48 76 66 66 104 104 104 104 54 54 54 54 133 133 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28

Berosus A Berosus F Berosus K Berzelius Berzelius A Berzelius B Berzelius F Berzelius K Berzelius T Berzelius W Bessarion Bessarion A Bessarion B Bessarion C Bessarion D Bessarion E Bessarion G Bessarion H Bessarion V Bessarion W Bessel Bessel A (Sarabhai) Bessel D Bessel E (Bobillier) Bessel F Bessel G Bessel H Bettinus Bettinus A Bettinus B Bettinus C Bettinus D Bettinus E Bettinus F Bettinus G Bettinus H Bhabha Bianchini Bianchini D Bianchini G Bianchini H Bianchini M Bianchini N Bianchini W Biela Biela A Biela B Biela C Biela D Biela E Biela F Biela G Biela H Biela J Biela T Biela U Biela V Biela W Biela Y Biela Z Bilharz (Langrenus F) Billy Billy A Billy B Billy C Billy D Billy E Billy H Billy K Bingham Bingham H Biot Biot A Biot B Biot C Biot D Biot E Biot T Birkeland Birkeland M Birkhoff Birkhoff K Birkhoff L Birkhoff M Birkhoff Q Birkhoff R Birkhoff X Birkhoff Y

33.1° N 34.0° N 32.1° N 36.6° N 36.8° N 32.6° N 32.8° N 35.5° N 36.2° N 38.2° N 14.9° N 17.1° N 16.8° N 16.0° N 19.8° N 15.4° N 14.9° N 15.3° N 15.0° N 16.7° N 21.8° N 24.7° N

68.1° E 66.6° E 70.9° E 50.9° E 48.9° E 43.1° E 46.0° E 47.0° E 48.0° E 53.0° E 37.3° W 39.8° W 41.7° W 42.6° W 41.7° W 37.3° W 40.3° W 41.4° W 35.0° W 36.9° W 17.9° E 21.0° E

12 22 6 50 7 23 12 7 9 6 10 13 12 9 9 8 4 5 3 3 15 8

28 28 28 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 57 39 39 57 39 57 57 57 57 57 42 42

27.3° N 19.6° N 21.2° N 21.1° N 25.7° N 63.4° S 64.9° S 63.6° S 63.3° S 65.0° S 63.2° S 62.9° S 61.5° S 64.6° S 55.1° S 48.7° N 47.6° N 46.7° N 48.0° N 48.4° N 48.5° N 48.5° N 54.9° S 52.9° S 56.5° S 54.3° S 55.8° S 56.4° S 56.3° S 56.2° S 57.9° S 57.0° S 53.8° S 53.4° S 53.6° S 55.1° S 54.9° S 53.8° S 5.8° S

19.9° E 15.5° E 13.8° E 14.7° E 20.0° E 44.8° W 48.8° W 51.0° W 37.7° W 46.4° W 42.1° W 43.3° W 44.3° W 43.7° W 164.5° W 34.3° W 35.8° W 32.7° W 32.7° W 30.6° W 31.0° W 33.7° W 51.3° E 53.3° E 49.6° E 53.5° E 56.3° E 56.3° E 54.5° E 53.9° E 54.2° E 52.9° E 49.9° E 49.0° E 48.5° E 49.6° E 58.0° E 57.0° E 56.3° E

5 7 1 1 4 71 26 24 20 9 7 6 7 8 64 38 7 4 7 4 5 9 76 26 43 26 14 8 9 10 8 14 7 16 6 16 15 48 43

42 42 42 42 42 125 136 124 125 136 124 125 125 125 133 11 24 24 11 11 11 11 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 80

13.8° S 14.3° S 12.2° S 16.1° S 14.9° S 15.0° S 15.6° S 12.9° S 8.1° N 7.5° N 22.6° S 22.2° S 20.4° S 22.0° S 24.3° S 24.6° S 21.4° S 30.2° S 32.0° S 58.7° N 57.8° N 56.6° N 54.7° N 56.6° N 57.5° N 62.1° N 59.9° N

50.1° W 46.3° W 47.6° W 49.0° W 48.3° W 49.6° W 49.6° W 48.7° W 115.1° E 116.2° E 51.1° E 48.9° E 49.6° E 51.1° E 50.3° E 50.9° E 49.9° E 173.9° E 174.1° E 146.1° W 144.3° W 144.8° W 144.8° W 150.8° W 153.0° W 149.7° W 146.6° W

45 7 25 6 11 2 3 4 33 26 12 15 28 8 9 8 5 82 23 345 58 37 23 43 27 77 25

74 75 75 93 75 75 75 75 65 65 98 97 97 98 98 98 97 104 104 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19

Birkhoff Z Birmingham Birmingham B Birmingham G Birmingham H Birmingham K Birt Birt A Birt B Birt C Birt D Birt E Birt F Birt G Birt H Birt J Birt K Birt L Bi Sheng Bjerknes Bjerknes A Bjerknes B Bjerknes E Black Blackett Blackett N Blagg Blancanus Blancanus A Blancanus C Blancanus D Blancanus E Blancanus F Blancanus G Blancanus H Blancanus K Blancanus N Blancanus V Blancanus W Blanchard (Arrhenius P) Blanchinus Blanchinus B Blanchinus D Blanchinus K Blanchinus M Blazhko Blazhko D Blazhko F Blazhko L Blazhko R Bliss Block Bobillier (Bessel E) Bobone Bode Bode A Bode B Bode C Bode D Bode E Bode G Bode H Bode K Bode L Bode N Boethius Boguslawsky Boguslawsky A Boguslawsky B Boguslawsky C Boguslawsky D Boguslawsky E Boguslawsky F Boguslawsky G Boguslawsky H Boguslawsky J Boguslawsky K Boguslawsky L Boguslawsky M Boguslawsky N Bohnenberger Bohnenberger A Bohnenberger C Bohnenberger D Bohnenberger E Bohnenberger F Bohnenberger G Bohnenberger J

61.3° N 65.1° N 63.6° N 64.5° N 64.4° N 65.0° N 22.4° S 22.5° S 22.2° S 23.7° S 21.0° S 20.7° S 22.3° S 23.1° S 23.0° S 23.0° S 22.4° S 21.6° S 78.3° N 38.4° S 36.0° S 37.2° S 38.0° S 9.2° S 37.5° S 39.9° S 1.3° N 63.8° S 64.4° S 66.5° S 63.3° S 66.6° S 65.1° S 63.3° S 65.5° S 60.6° S 63.4° S 64.0° S 60.9° S 58.5° S

145.3° W 10.5° W 11.3° W 10.2° W 10.6° W 13.1° W 8.5° W 8.2° W 10.2° W 8.3° W 9.8° W 9.6° W 9.1° W 8.2° W 9.1° W 9.4° W 9.7° W 9.3° W 148.4° E 113.0° E 113.7° E 113.8° E 115.0° E 80.4° E 116.1° W 116.2° W 1.5° E 21.4° W 21.6° W 28.0° W 16.5° W 21.5° W 27.4° W 25.3° W 23.5° W 23.3° W 25.8° W 20.9° W 20.2° W 94.4° W

30 92 8 5 7 6 16 7 5 2 3 5 3 2 2 2 2 3 55 48 18 20 54 18 141 23 5 117 6 46 24 37 9 9 7 11 11 7 9 40

19 3 12 3 3 3 95 95 94 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 7 117 117 117 117 81 122 122 59 125 137 137 126 137 137 125 137 125 125 125 125 129

25.4° S 25.2° S 25.0° S 24.8° S 25.2° S 31.6° N 33.0° N 31.4.° N 29.3° N 30.0° N 53.0° N 3.2° S 19.6° N

2.5° E 1.6° E 4.2° E 5.1° E 2.6° E 148.0° W 145.2° W 146.7° W 147.6° W 149.8° W 13.5° E 23.4° W 15.5° E

61 8 7 9 5 54 34 34 44 53 20 0 7

95 95 95 95 95 52 34 52 52 51 13 76 42

26.9° N 6.7° N 9.0° N 8.7° N 12.2° N 7.2° N 12.4° N 6.4° N 12.2° N 9.3° N 5.6° N 10.9° N 5.6° N 72.9° S 74.4° S 73.9° S 70.9° S 72.8° S 74.2° S 75.3° S 71.5° S 72.8° S 72.2° S 73.5° S 70.6° S 70.6° S 74.0° S 16.2° S 17.8° S 18.5° S 18.3° S 17.4° S 14.7° S 17.2° S 14.8° S

131.8° W 2.4° W 1.2° W 3.1° W 4.8° W 3.3° W 3.4° W 3.5° W 6.5° W 2.3° W 3.8° W 3.9° W 72.3° E 43.2° E 44.3° E 61.0° E 27.7° E 47.3° E 53.6° E 52.5° E 34.5° E 29.1° E 28.9° E 50.9° E 36.6° E 35.2° E 33.3° E 40.0° E 40.1° E 41.1° E 42.6° E 42.1° E 39.6° E 40.1° E 40.3° E

31 18 12 10 7 4 7 4 4 6 5 6 10 97 6 63 36 24 14 30 21 19 36 46 22 9 28 33 30 16 14 13 10 12 5

52 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 63 138 138 139 138 138 138 138 138 138 138 138 138 138 138 79 97 97 97 97 79 97 79

293

Bohnenberger N – Capella C

Feature Name Bohnenberger N Bohnenberger P Bohnenberger W Bohr Bok Bok C Boltzmann Bolyai Bolyai D Bolyai K Bolyai L Bolyai Q Bolyai W Bombelli (Apollonius T) Bondarenko (Patsaev G) Bonpland Bonpland C Bonpland D Bonpland E (Kuiper) Bonpland F Bonpland G Bonpland H Bonpland J Bonpland L Bonpland N Bonpland P Bonpland R Boole Boole A Boole B Boole C Boole D Boole E Boole F Boole G Boole H Boole R Borda Borda A Borda D Borda E Borda F Borda G Borda H Borda J Borda K Borda L Borda M Borda R Borel (Le Monnier C) Boris Borman Borman A (McNair) Borman L (Husband) Borman V Borman X (Resnik) Borman Y (McAuliffe) Borman Z (Jarvis) Born (Maclaurin Y) Bosch Boscovich Boscovich A Boscovich B Boscovich C Boscovich D Boscovich E Boscovich F Boscovich P Bose Bose A Bose D Bose U Boss Boss A Boss B Boss C Boss D Boss F Boss K Boss L Boss M Boss N

294

Lat. 17.9° S 19.1° S 18.2° S 12.4° N 20.2° S 19.1° S 74.9° S 33.6° S 32.5° S 36.3° S 36.3° S 36.1° S 32.2° S 5.3° N

Long. 41.9° E 41.4° E 41.1° E 86.6° W 171.6° W 170.2° W 90.7° W 125.9° E 128.0° E 126.8° E 126.2° E 122.5° E 123.9° E 56.2° E

D 6 11 10 71 45 27 76 135 34 29 73 28 50 10

LAC 97 97 97 55 104 104 143 117 107 107 117 117 117 62

17.8° S

136.3° E

30

102

8.3° S 10.2° S 10.1° S 9.8° S

17.4° W 17.4° W 18.2° W 22.7° W

60 4 6 7

76 76 76 76

7.3° S 11.6° S 11.4° S 11.4° S 7.5° S 9.4° S 10.9° S 10.7° S 63.7° N 63.6° N 63.6° N 65.4° N 64.0° N 62.9° N 64.2° N 64.8° N 61.6° N 64.4° N 25.1° S 26.8° S 24.5° S 24.0° S 26.3° S 26.2° S 26.7° S 26.9° S 27.5° S 27.0° S 25.4° S 27.4° S

19.3° W 18.8° W 19.9° W 20.4° W 21.2° W 21.4° W 21.5° W 18.6° W 87.4° W 80.6° W 77.3° W 82.5° W 83.5° W 84.6° W 79.4° W 90.9° W 88.9° W 78.0° W 46.6° E 51.0° E 46.3° E 45.5° E 47.5° E 45.4° E 46.7° E 47.0° E 47.2° E 47.7° E 43.9° E 50.5° E

4 4 4 3 3 3 1 3 63 56 9 18 10 16 34 41 75 13 44 19 6 12 11 6 10 17 12 12 15 17

76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 9 21 10 21 9 21 9 9 21 9 97 98 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 98

22.3° N 30.6° N 38.8° S 35.7° S 40.1° S

26.4° E 33.5° W 147.7° W 147.3° W 147.2° W

4 10 50 29 28

42 39 121 121 121

37.4° S 33.8° S 33.0° S

150.6° W 28 150.2° W 12 148.9° W 19

121 121 121

34.9° S 6.0° S

147.5° W 38 66.8° E 14

121 80

86.8° N 9.8° N 9.5° N 9.8° N 8.5° N 9.0° N 9.0° N 10.6° N 11.5° N 53.5° S 49.3° S 52.7° S 52.8° S 45.8° N 52.3° N 52.0° N 52.2° N 44.9° N 54.5° N 49.6° N 50.9° N 52.0° N 52.2° N

134.4° E 11.1° E 12.6° E 9.2° E 12.0° E 12.2° E 12.7° E 11.4° E 10.3° E 170.0° W 166.5° W 166.1° W 174.6° W 89.2° E 80.3° E 77.1° E 76.4° E 87.4° E 86.8° E 80.7° E 82.3° E 83.8° E 85.2° E

1 60 60 59 60 60 60 60 60 132 132 132 132 29 15 15 15 29 29 15 15 15 15

18.4 46 6 5 3 5 21 5 67 91 28 20 38 47 27 12 21 15 36 19 40 13 16

Bouguer Bouguer A Bouguer B Boussingault Boussingault A Boussingault B Boussingault C Boussingault D Boussingault E Boussingault F Boussingault G Boussingault K Boussingault N Boussingault P Boussingault R Boussingault S Boussingault T Bouvard B Bouvard C Bouvard D Bouvard E Bouvard F Bouvard G Bouvard M Bouvard N Bouvard P Bouvard R Bouvard S Bowditch Bowditch M Bowditch N Bowen (Manilius A) Bowen-Apollo Boyle Boyle A Boyle Z Brackett Bradley H Bradley K Bragg Bragg H Bragg M Bragg P Brashear Brashear P Braude Brayley Brayley B Brayley C Brayley D Brayley E Brayley F Brayley G Brayley K Brayley L Brayley S Bredikhin Bredikhin B Breislak Breislak A Breislak B Breislak C Breislak D Breislak E Breislak F Breislak G Brenner Brenner A Brenner B Brenner C Brenner D Brenner E Brenner F Brenner H Brenner J Brenner K Brenner L Brenner M Brenner N Brenner P Brenner Q Brenner R Brenner S Brewster Brianchon Brianchon A Brianchon B Brianchon T Bridge

52.3° N 52.5° N 53.3° N 70.2° S 69.9° S 65.6° S 65.1° S 63.5° S 67.2° S 68.8° S 71.4° S 68.9° S 71.5° S 67.1° S 64.3° S 64.1° S 63.0° S 41.7° S 37.1° S 42.8° S 41.9° S 42.5° S 42.1° S 40.6° S 38.6° S 39.0° S 35.5° S 35.6° S 25.0° S 26.7° S 26.6° S 17.6° N

35.8° W 33.8° W 33.0° W 54.6° E 54.0° E 46.9° E 48.2° E 44.9° E 46.8° E 39.4° E 51.8° E 50.9° E 62.1° E 45.1° E 48.6° E 46.9° E 43.2° E 79.7° W 77.3° W 80.5° W 77.4° W 76.4° W 74.6° W 77.4° W 76.5° W 75.0° W 84.2° W 80.5° W 103.1° E 103.3° E 102.8° E 9.1° E

22 8 7 142 72 54 24 9 98 16 5 29 15 13 12 16 20 25 16 26 14 11 21 69 66 13 8 12 40 16 16 8

11 11 11 138 138 138 138 128 138 138 138 138 139 138 138 128 138 109 109 109 109 109 109 109 109 109 109 109 100 100 100 41

20.3° N 53.1° S 50.8° S 51.3° S 17.9° N 22.9° N 23.3° N 42.5° N 41.7° N 39.1° N 40.0° N 73.8° S 76.8° S 81.8° S 20.9° N 20.8° N 21.4° N 20.1° N 21.2° N 21.1° N 24.2° N 21.2° N 20.9° N 25.0° N 17.3° N 19.0° N 48.2° S 47.0° S 47.6° S 48.9° S 48.0° S 47.7° S 48.4° S 46.9° S 39.0° S 40.4° S 37.4° S 36.5° S 36.2° S 38.9° S 40.6° S 36.9° S 37.7° S 38.0° S 38.1° S 38.8° S 39.0° S 38.8° S 39.2° S 40.7° S 38.4° S 23.3° N 75.0° N 76.7° N 72.2° N 75.8° N 26.0° N

30.9° E 178.1° E 178.3° E 177.7° E 23.6° E 0.3° W 0.7° W 102.9° W 101.0° W 102.5° W 104.4° W 170.7° W 175.7° W 159.1° E 36.9° W 34.3° W 39.4° W 32.8° W 39.7° W 34.0° W 36.5° W 41.7° W 42.6° W 36.7° W 158.2° W 157.4° W 18.3° E 17.4° E 18.1° E 18.8° E 18.7° E 19.1° E 19.4° E 19.1° E 39.3° E 40.0° E 41.8° E 41.9° E 38.7° E 40.5° E 37.0° E 38.7° E 36.6° E 37.3° E 36.6° E 36.9° E 36.7° E 35.3° E 35.9° E 38.3° E 36.2° E 34.7° E 86.2° W 86.3° W 89.1° W 99.8° W 3.6° E

0 57 21 52 8 5 4 84 40 45 30 55 71 11.3 14 10 9 6 5 5 5 3 4 3 59 18 49 7 7 6 5 8 7 16 97 32 10 7 8 14 14 8 8 7 5 7 7 7 8 10 6 10 134 50 31 30 1

43 132 132 132 42 41 41 36 36 36 36 141 141 144 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 51 51 127 113 113 127 113 113 127 113 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 43 9 9 9 9 41

Bridgman Bridgman C Bridgman E Bridgman F Briggs Briggs A Briggs B Briggs C Brisbane Brisbane E Brisbane H Brisbane X Brisbane Y Brisbane Z Bronk Bronte Brouwer Brouwer C Brouwer H Brouwer P Brown Brown A Brown B Brown C Brown D Brown E Brown F Brown G Brown K Bruce Brunner Brunner L Brunner N Brunner P Buch Buch A Buch B Buch C Buch D Buch E Buffon Buffon D Buffon H Buffon K Buffon V Buisson Buisson V Buisson X Buisson Y Buisson Z Bullialdus Bullialdus A Bullialdus B Bullialdus E Bullialdus F Bullialdus G Bullialdus H Bullialdus K Bullialdus L Bullialdus R Bullialdus Y Bunsen Bunsen A Bunsen B Bunsen C Bunsen D Burckhardt Burckhardt A Burckhardt B Burckhardt C Burckhardt E Burckhardt F Burckhardt G Burg Burg A Burg B Burnham Burnham A Burnham B Burnham F Burnham K Burnham L Burnham M Burnham T Busching Busching A Busching B Busching C Busching D Busching E

43.5° N 46.7° N 44.1° N 44.0° N 26.5° N 27.1° N 28.1° N 25.0° N 49.1° S 50.0° S 50.3° S 50.4° S 51.4° S 52.8° S 26.1° N 20.2° N 36.2° S 33.4° S 35.9° S 38.6° S 46.4° S 48.1° S 44.7° S 47.6° S 46.0° S 46.8° S 46.9° S 45.5° S 46.6° S 1.1° N 9.9° S 12.4° S 11.4° S 12.5° S 38.8° S 41.0° S 37.8° S 37.3° S 39.6° S 39.0° S 40.4° S 40.2° S 42.3° S 46.3° S 39.2° S 1.4° S 0.6° S 1.6° N 1.4° N 0.0° S 20.7° S 22.1° S 23.4° S 21.7° S 22.5° S 23.2° S 22.7° S 21.8° S 20.2° S 20.1° S 18.5° S 41.4° N 43.2° N 44.2° N 44.2° N 40.9° N 31.1° N 30.5° N 29.9° N 31.6° N 30.6° N 31.4° N 32.1° N 45.0° N 46.8° N 42.6° N 13.9° S 14.8° S 15.3° S 14.3° S 13.6° S 14.2° S 14.1° S 14.7° S 38.0° S 38.3° S 39.0° S 37.2° S 38.6° S 36.6° S

137.1° E 140.2° E 141.7° E 141.2° E 69.1° W 73.7° W 70.9° W 66.9° W 68.5° E 71.2° E 64.9° E 67.4° E 69.8° E 72.4° E 134.5° W 30.7° E 126.0° W 122.1° W 124.4° W 126.5° W 17.9° W 17.4° W 16.1° W 17.0° W 16.1° W 17.6° W 18.3° W 16.8° W 15.6° W 0.4° E 90.9° E 91.3° E 90.7° E 90.1° E 17.7° E 17.6° E 17.0° E 17.2° E 16.5° E 16.5° E 133.4° W 131.7° W 128.5° W 128.0° W 137.1° W 112.5° E 110.8° E 111.6° E 112.6° E 112.5° E 22.2° W 21.5° W 21.9° W 23.9° W 24.8° W 23.6° W 19.3° W 25.6° W 24.4° W 19.8° W 19.1° W 85.3° W 88.9° W 88.2° W 90.0° W 86.9° W 56.5° E 58.8° E 60.1° E 59.0° E 55.7° E 57.2° E 57.5° E 28.2° E 33.1° E 23.5° E 7.3° E 7.1° E 7.3° E 6.9° E 7.4° E 7.6° E 9.0° E 9.6° E 20.0° E 20.4° E 22.8° E 19.6° E 22.0° E 18.4° E

80 35 29 51 37 23 25 6 44 56 43 20 17 64 64 0 158 26 19 29 34 16 12 13 20 22 6 5 16 6 53 34 18 19 53 19 6 28 7 6 106 20 26 18 38 56 22 21 36 98 60 26 21 4 6 4 5 12 4 17 4 52 39 20 18 14 56 28 11 6 39 43 7 39 12 6 24 7 4 9 3 4 9 4 52 6 17 7 33 15

31 31 31 41 38 37 37 38 128 129 128 128 128 129 52 43 122 122 122 122 111 125 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 59 82 82 82 82 113 113 113 113 113 113 122 122 122 122 122 83 83 65 65 83 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 22 36 36 36 36 44 44 44 44 44 44 27 26 26 26 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 113 113 113 113 113 113

Busching F Busching G Busching H Busching J Busching K Butlerov Buys-Ballot Buys-Ballot H Buys-Ballot Q Buys-Ballot Y Buys-Ballot Z Byrd Byrd C Byrd D Byrgius Byrgius A Byrgius B Byrgius D Byrgius E Byrgius H Byrgius K Byrgius N Byrgius P Byrgius R Byrgius S Byrgius T Byrgius U Byrgius V Byrgius W Byrgius X

39.0° S 39.5° S 37.4° S 39.5° S 37.9° S 12.5° N 20.8° N 19.4° N 19.5° N 22.9° N 22.5° N 85.3° N 84.7° N 85.4° N 24.7° S 24.5° S 23.9° S 24.1° S 23.5° S 23.7° S 23.0° S 22.3° S 22.6° S 26.5° S 26.2° S 25.1° S 25.8° S 26.0° S 26.1° S 25.7° S

21.0° E 21.6° E 21.1° E 22.2° E 18.7° E 108.7° W 174.5° E 179.5° E 172.7° E 174.0° E 174.5° E 9.8° E 26.8° E 32.7° E 65.3° W 63.7° W 60.8° W 67.1° W 66.2° W 62.4° W 61.8° W 63.1° W 64.1° W 60.7° W 61.4° W 61.5° W 67.2° W 67.8° W 68.5° W 65.4° W

6 8 5 7 5 40 55 22 58 31 58 93 52 24 87 19 23 27 18 27 14 20 19 7 43 5 13 9 14 6

113 113 113 113 113 72 50 50 50 50 50 1 1 1 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92

C. Herschel C. Herschel C C. Herschel E C. Herschel U C. Herschel V C. Mayer C. Mayer B C. Mayer D C. Mayer E C. Mayer F C. Mayer H Cabannes Cabannes J Cabannes M Cabannes Q Cabeus Cabeus A Cabeus B Cailleux (Poincare R) Cai Lun Cajal (Jansen F) Cajori Cajori K Calippus Calippus A Calippus B Calippus C Calippus D Calippus E Calippus F Calippus G Camelot Cameron (Taruntius C) Campanus Campanus A Campanus B Campanus G Campanus K Campanus X Campanus Y Campbell Campbell A Campbell E Campbell N Campbell X Campbell Z Cannizzaro Cannon Cannon B Cannon E Cantor Cantor C Cantor T Capella Capella A Capella B Capella C

34.5° N 37.2° N 34.2° N 36.2° N 36.4° N 63.2° N 60.2° N 62.1° N 61.1° N 62.0° N 64.1° N 60.9° S 62.2° S 64.2° S 63.3° S 84.9° S 82.2° S 82.4° S 60.8° S

31.2° W 32.5° W 34.7° W 31.5° W 33.5° W 17.3° E 15.6° E 18.6° E 16.0° E 19.5° E 14.7° E 169.6° W 167.2° W 170.2° W 174.5° W 35.5° W 39.1° W 53.0° W 153.3° E

13 7 5 3 4 38 36 66 12 7 43 80 34 48 49 98 48 61 50

24 24 24 24 24 13 13 13 13 13 4 132 133 141 132 144 144 144 131

80.1° N 12.6° N 47.4° S 49.1° S 38.9° N 37.0° N 36.0° N 39.6° N 36.3° N 38.9° N 40.5° N 41.3° N 20.2° N 6.2° N

113.8° E 31.1° E 168.8° E 169.8° E 10.7° E 7.9° E 10.0° E 9.1° E 11.3° E 11.9° E 10.0° E 11.5° E 30.7° E 45.9° E

42.8 9 70 32 32 16 7 40 4 5 6 4 1 10

1 61 119 132 26 25 25 25 26 26 25 26 43 61

28.0° S 26.0° S 29.2° S 28.6° S 26.6° S 27.8° S 27.8° S 45.3° N 52.2° N 46.4° N 43.2° N 47.7° N 48.8° N 55.6° N 19.9° N 17.5° N 19.2° N 38.2° N 39.5° N 37.9° N 7.5° S 7.6° S 9.4° S 5.7° S

27.8° W 28.6° W 29.2° W 31.3° W 28.3° W 27.3° W 28.2° W 151.4° E 155.2° E 158.6° E 152.3° E 149.4° E 152.9° E 99.6° W 81.4° E 80.0° E 79.1° E 118.6° E 120.3° E 113.4° E 35.0° E 37.2° E 36.8° E 36.3° E

48 11 6 10 5 4 4 219 20 15 23 24 28 56 56 31 22 81 21 23 49 13 10 11

94 94 94 93 93 94 94 31 17 32 31 31 17 21 45 45 45 30 30 30 79 79 79 79

Capella D – Cleomedes R

Feature Name Capella D Capella E Capella F Capella G Capella H Capella J Capella M Capella R Capella T Capuanus Capuanus A Capuanus B Capuanus C Capuanus D Capuanus E Capuanus F Capuanus H Capuanus K Capuanus L Capuanus M Capuanus P Cardanus Cardanus B Cardanus C Cardanus E Cardanus G Cardanus K Cardanus M Cardanus R Carlini Carlini A Carlini B (Mcdonald) Carlini C Carlini D Carlini E Carlini G Carlini H Carlini K Carlini L Carlini S Carlos Carmichael Carnot Carnot F Carol Carpenter Carpenter T Carpenter U Carpenter V Carpenter W Carpenter Y Carrel (Jansen B) Carrillo Carrington Cartan Carver Carver K (Kozyrev) Carver L Carver M Casatus Casatus A Casatus C Casatus D Casatus E Casatus H Casatus J Casatus K Cassegrain Cassegrain B Cassegrain H Cassegrain K Cassini Cassini A Cassini B Cassini C Cassini E Cassini F Cassini G Cassini K Cassini L Cassini M Cassini P Cassini W Cassini X Cassini Y Cassini Z Catalan Catalan A

Lat. 6.7° S 7.5° S 9.2° S 6.8° S 8.1° S 9.4° S 4.4° S 6.0° S 6.9° S 34.1° S 34.7° S 34.3° S 34.9° S 36.4° S 37.5° S 36.9° S 39.4° S 37.9° S 38.3° S 37.5° S 35.3° S 13.2° N 11.4° N 11.3° N 12.7° N 11.5° N 14.2° N 14.9° N 12.3° N 33.7° N 35.4° N 30.4° N

Long. 37.6° E 37.7° E 35.4° E 36.9° E 37.4° E 36.0° E 37.0° E 35.2° E 34.2° E 26.7° W 25.6° W 27.7° W 25.3° W 26.2° W 27.1° W 26.6° W 27.2° W 26.5° W 26.3° W 25.6° W 28.3° W 72.5° W 73.8° W 76.2° W 70.7° W 74.9° W 76.8° W 77.1° W 73.4° W 24.1° W 26.6° W 20.9° W

D 8 16 14 12 9 9 12 7 6 59 13 11 10 22 29 8 4 9 11 7 78 49 13 14 6 8 8 9 21 10 7 8

LAC 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 24 24 40

35.0° N 33.0° N 31.6° N 32.6° N 32.4° N 31.1° N 31.3° N 37.9° N 24.9° N 19.6° N 52.3° N 52.5° N 8.5° N 69.4° N 70.2° N 70.6° N 71.8° N 72.3° N 71.9° N 10.7° N 2.2° S 44.0° N 4.2° N 43.0° S 46.2° S 45.2° S 45.0° S 72.8° S 73.0° S 72.2° S 77.2° S 79.1° S 72.0° S 74.3° S 75.0° S 52.4° S 49.0° S 53.1° S 55.0° S 40.2° N 40.5° N 39.9° N 41.7° N 42.9° N 40.9° N 44.7° N 45.2° N 44.0° N 41.3° N 44.7° N 42.3° N 43.9° N 41.9° N 43.4° N 45.7° S 45.7° S

22.9° W 16.0° W 20.5° W 25.0° W 24.4° W 23.7° W 24.8° W 27.2° W 2.3° E 40.4° E 143.5° W 138.9° W 122.3° E 50.9° W 58.3° W 57.0° W 54.1° W 59.8° W 62.7° W 26.7° E 80.9° E 62.1° E 59.3° E 126.9° E 128.5° E 127.8° E 126.8° E 29.5° W 38.9° W 30.2° W 44.3° W 53.2° W 21.3° W 32.8° W 41.4° W 113.5° E 114.0° E 115.6° E 113.5° E 4.6° E 4.8° E 3.9° E 7.8° E 7.3° E 7.3° E 5.5° E 4.1° E 4.5° E 3.7° E 1.9° E 4.3° E 7.9° E 2.2° E 2.3° E 87.3° W 89.2° W

4 9 1 4 4 4 3 4 4 20 126 35 8 59 9 26 6 10 9 15 16 30 15 59 60 33 76 108 56 17 36 41 35 22 36 55 39 28 17 56 15 9 14 10 7 5 4 6 8 4 6 4 3 4 25 21

24 24 40 24 24 40 40 24 41 43 19 20 65 2 2 2 2 2 2 60 81 28 62 117 117 117 117 137 136 137 136 136 137 137 136 130 130 130 130 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 123 123

Catalan B Catalan U Catena Abulfeda Catena Artamonov Catena Brigitte Catena Davy Catena Dziewulski Catena Gregory Catena Humboldt Catena Krafft Catena Kurchatov Catena Leuschner (GDL) Catena Littrow Catena Lucretius (RNII) Catena Mendeleev Catena Michelson (GIRD) Catena Pierre Catena Sumner Catena Sylvester Catena Taruntius Catena Timocharis Catena Yuri Catharina Catharina A Catharina B Catharina C Catharina D Catharina E Catharina F Catharina G Catharina H Catharina J Catharina K Catharina L Catharina M Catharina P Catharina S Cauchy Cauchy A Cauchy B Cauchy C Cauchy D Cauchy E Cauchy F Cauchy M Cauchy U Cauchy V Cauchy W Cavalerius Cavalerius A Cavalerius B Cavalerius C Cavalerius D Cavalerius E Cavalerius F Cavalerius K Cavalerius L Cavalerius M Cavalerius U Cavalerius W Cavalerius X Cavalerius Y Cavalerius Z Cavendish Cavendish A Cavendish B Cavendish E Cavendish F Cavendish L Cavendish M Cavendish N Cavendish P Cavendish S Cavendish T Caventou (La Hire D) Cayley Celsius Celsius A Celsius B Celsius D Celsius E Celsius H Censorinus Censorinus A Censorinus B Censorinus C

45.6° S 45.1° S 16.9° S 26.0° N 18.5° N 11.0° S 19.0° N 0.6° S 21.5° S 15.0° N 37.2° N 4.7° N

88.4° W 90.6° W 17.2° E 105.9° E 27.5° E 7.0° W 100.0° E 129.9° E 84.6° E 72.0° W 136.3° E 110.1° W

14 20 219 134 5 50 80 152 165 60 226 364

123 123 96 46 42 77 46 83 91 55 31 71

22.2° N 3.4° S

29.5° E 10 42 126.1° W 271 89

6.3° N 1.4° N

139.4° E 188 66 113.4° W 456 71

19.8° N 37.3° N 81.4° N 3.0° N 29.0° N 24.4° N 18.1° S 20.2° S 17.0° S 20.3° S 16.8° S 17.1° S 19.5° S 17.4° S 19.2° S 19.4° S 20.0° S 21.0° S 19.2° S 17.2° S 18.8° S 9.6° N 12.1° N 9.8° N 8.2° N 10.0° N 8.9° N 9.6° N 7.6° N 8.8° N 9.0° N 10.6° N 5.1° N 4.5° N 6.0° N 5.8° N 8.6° N 7.7° N 8.1° N 10.3° N 10.4° N 10.3° N 10.1° N 6.9° N 9.2° N 10.7° N 11.0° N 24.5° S 24.0° S 23.2° S 25.4° S 26.1° S 21.7° S 22.0° S 22.1° S 24.2° S 23.8° S 24.8° S 29.8° N

31.8° W 112.3° E 86.2° W 48.0° E 13.0° W 30.4° W 23.4° E 22.3° E 24.3° E 24.4° E 21.4° E 21.3° E 23.1° E 24.9° E 25.4° E 22.2° E 23.9° E 24.3° E 20.7° E 23.3° E 23.3° E 38.6° E 37.9° E 35.8° E 38.9° E 40.3° E 38.6° E 36.8° E 35.1° E 42.3° E 41.5° E 41.6° E 66.8° W 69.5° W 71.0° W 69.2° W 65.3° W 69.9° W 65.3° W 69.2° W 70.2° W 71.5° W 67.4° W 67.3° W 66.6° W 69.8° W 69.5° W 53.7° W 52.7° W 55.1° W 54.2° W 54.0° W 53.6° W 53.8° W 54.3° W 51.6° W 52.4° W 55.2° W 29.4° W

9 247 173 100 50 5 104 14 24 28 9 7 7 17 6 6 7 5 6 46 16 12 8 6 4 9 4 4 5 5 5 4 57 14 39 8 52 9 7 10 10 12 7 7 4 7 4 56 10 10 24 18 5 6 4 4 5 4 3

39 30 1 61 40 39 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 56 56 55 56 56 56 56 56 55 55 56 56 56 56 56 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 40

4.0° N 34.1° S 33.0° S 34.6° S 34.7° S 32.9° S 33.8° S 0.4° S 0.4° S 2.0° S 3.0° S

15.1° E 20.1° E 20.5° E 19.7° E 19.1° E 20.1° E 20.1° E 32.7° E 33.0° E 31.4° E 34.1° E

14 36 14 6 19 11 6 3 7 8 28

60 113 113 113 113 113 113 79 79 79 79

Censorinus D Censorinus E Censorinus F (Leakey) Censorinus H Censorinus J Censorinus K Censorinus L Censorinus N Censorinus S Censorinus T Censorinus U Censorinus V Censorinus W Censorinus X Censorinus Z Cepheus Cepheus A Ceraski Ceraski K Ceraski P Chacornac Chacornac A Chacornac B Chacornac C Chacornac D Chacornac E Chacornac F Chadwick (De Roy X) Chaffee Chaffee F Chaffee S Chaffee W Challis Challis A Chalonge (Lewis R) Chamberlin Chamberlin D Chamberlin H Chamberlin R Champollion Champollion A Champollion F Champollion K Champollion Y Chandler Chandler G Chandler P Chandler Q Chandler U Chang Heng Chang Heng C Chang-Ngo Chant Chaplygin Chaplygin K Chaplygin Q Chaplygin Y Chapman Chapman D Chapman M Chapman V Chappe (Hausen A) Chappell Chappell E Chappell T Charles Charlier Charlier Z Chaucer Chaucer B Chaucer P Chauvenet Chauvenet C Chauvenet D Chauvenet E Chauvenet G Chauvenet J Chauvenet L Chauvenet P Chauvenet Q Chauvenet S Chauvenet U Chawla Chebyshev Chebyshev C Chebyshev N

1.9° S 3.6° S 3.2° S

35.8° E 34.8° E 37.4° E

10 12 13

79 79 79

1.8° S 1.0° S 1.0° S 2.5° S 1.9° S 3.8° S 3.2° S 1.5° S 0.6° S 1.0° S 0.5° S 3.7° S 40.8° N 41.0° N 49.0° S 53.0° S 51.3° S 29.8° N 29.8° N 29.0° N 30.8° N 30.6° N 29.4° N 29.2° N 52.7° S

33.7° E 31.3° E 28.8° E 31.2° E 36.5° E 36.1° E 31.1° E 34.4° E 35.4° E 37.5° E 37.2° E 36.8° E 45.8° E 46.5° E 141.6° E 144.6° E 139.6° E 31.7° E 31.5° E 31.9° E 32.6° E 33.6° E 33.7° E 32.9° E 101.3° W

10 5 4 4 36 17 5 3 4 9 18 12 39 13 56 45 33 51 5 6 4 26 22 26 30

79 79 78 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 27 27 131 131 131 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 135

38.8° S 38.8° S 39.5° S 38.2° S 79.5° N 77.2° N 21.2° S

153.9° W 152.5° W 156.6° W 155.3° W 9.2° E 2.3° E 117.3° W

49 35 19 25 55 32 30

121 121 121 121 3 3 107

58.9° S 57.5° S 59.8° S 60.0° S 37.4° N 41.1° N 37.3° N 36.5° N 40.8° N 43.8° N 43.3° N 41.7° N 41.2° N 45.5° N 19.0° N 20.4° N 12.7° S 40.0° S 6.2° S 7.7° S 7.7° S 2.8° S 50.4° N 51.4° N 49.0° N 51.0° N 61.2° S

95.7° E 102.1° E 99.9° E 92.3° E 175.2° E 177.1° E 177.8° E 176.4° E 174.7° E 171.5° E 175.8° E 170.3° E 169.2° E 166.7° E 112.2° E 114.0° E 2.1° W 109.2° W 150.3° E 151.2° E 147.8° E 149.7° E 100.7° W 96.8° W 100.7° W 103.8° W 91.5° W

58 21 27 38 58 27 21 22 22 85 33 67 16 14 43 25 3 33 137 19 12 29 71 39 38 21 59

129 130 129 129 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 47 47 77 123 85 85 84 84 21 21 21 21 135

54.7° N 55.8° N 54.8° N 29.9° N 36.6° N 39.7° N 3.7° N 6.5° N 1.8° N 11.5° S 10.4° S 10.6° S 11.4° S 12.7° S 13.9° S 13.3° S 14.5° S 13.3° S 12.3° S 11.0° S 42.5° S 33.7° S 30.3° S 37.7° S

177.0° W 171.5° W 178.9° E 26.4° W 131.5° W 131.6° W 140.0° W 137.4° W 141.3° W 137.0° E 138.0° E 139.7° E 140.7° E 141.0° E 139.3° E 137.5° E 135.8° E 135.4° E 134.4° E 135.2° E 147.3° W 133.1° W 127.2° W 134.4° W

80 59 28 1 99 46 45 27 13 81 48 14 27 26 77 10 12 42 38 11 14.3 178 27 24

18 18 18 40 35 35 70 70 70 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 84 121 122 107 121

Chebyshev U Chebyshev V Chernyshev Chernyshev B Chevallier Chevallier B Chevallier F Chevallier K Chevallier M Ching-Te Chretien Chretien A Chretien C Chretien S Chretien W Christel Cichus Cichus A Cichus B Cichus C Cichus F Cichus G Cichus H Cichus J Cichus K Cichus N Cinco Clairaut Clairaut A Clairaut B Clairaut C Clairaut D Clairaut E Clairaut F Clairaut G Clairaut H Clairaut J Clairaut K Clairaut M Clairaut P Clairaut R Clairaut S Clark Clark F Clausius Clausius A Clausius B Clausius BA Clausius C Clausius D Clausius E Clausius F Clausius G Clausius H Clausius J Clavius Clavius C Clavius D Clavius E Clavius F Clavius G Clavius H Clavius J Clavius K Clavius L Clavius M Clavius N Clavius O Clavius P Clavius R Clavius T Clavius W Clavius X Clavius Y Cleomedes Cleomedes A Cleomedes B Cleomedes C Cleomedes D Cleomedes E Cleomedes F Cleomedes G Cleomedes H Cleomedes J Cleomedes L Cleomedes M Cleomedes N Cleomedes P Cleomedes Q Cleomedes R

33.3° S 33.5° S 47.3° N 48.5° N 44.9° N 45.2° N 46.1° N 43.5° N 46.0° N 20.0° N 45.9° S 43.9° S 44.5° S 46.5° S 44.3° S 24.5° N 33.3° S 34.8° S 33.2° S 33.5° S 35.7° S 35.5° S 32.8° S 32.0° S 36.6° S 30.5° S 9.1° S 47.7° S 48.9° S 48.3° S 48.1° S 47.3° S 46.4° S 46.0° S 47.2° S 48.9° S 45.7° S 49.7° S 46.1° S 49.0° S 48.0° S 47.5° S 38.4° S 38.4° S 36.9° S 36.3° S 36.0° S 35.7° S 35.4° S 38.2° S 36.4° S 36.5° S 37.1° S 37.8° S 37.2° S 58.8° S 57.7° S 58.8° S 51.5° S 55.4° S 52.0° S 51.9° S 58.1° S 60.4° S 58.7° S 54.8° S 57.5° S 56.8° S 57.0° S 53.1° S 60.4° S 55.8° S 60.0° S 57.8° S 27.7° N 28.9° N 27.2° N 25.7° N 29.3° N 28.6° N 22.6° N 24.0° N 22.4° N 26.9° N 23.8° N 24.2° N 24.8° N 24.8° N 24.9° N 29.5° N

137.0° W 133.6° W 174.2° E 175.7° E 51.2° E 51.9° E 56.5° E 50.9° E 51.2° E 30.0° E 162.9° E 163.6° E 165.3° E 160.5° E 160.8° E 11.0° E 21.1° W 21.4° W 19.3° W 21.8° W 22.4° W 23.5° W 22.4° W 21.3° W 19.9° W 21.7° W 15.5° E 13.9° E 14.8° E 12.6° E 13.5° E 14.2° E 12.6° E 14.5° E 11.7° E 12.1° E 12.7° E 14.0° E 13.8° E 11.8° E 15.9° E 16.3° E 118.9° E 122.5° E 43.8° W 43.9° W 40.1° W 40.1° W 38.9° W 44.6° W 45.5° W 38.1° W 41.0° W 39.6° W 42.7° W 14.1° W 14.2° W 12.4° W 12.6° W 21.9° W 13.9° W 15.8° W 18.1° W 19.8° W 21.2° W 11.9° W 16.5° W 16.4° W 7.7° W 15.4° W 14.9° W 16.0° W 17.6° W 16.0° W 56.0° E 55.0° E 55.9° E 54.9° E 61.9° E 54.4° E 56.9° E 57.3° E 57.6° E 56.8° E 54.4° E 51.6° E 52.5° E 56.4° E 56.9° E 60.2° E

295

36 23 58 20 52 13 9 6 16 4 88 13 63 40 34 2 40 21 14 11 8 23 7 13 6 8 0 75 36 43 17 12 29 23 6 9 14 12 5 9 15 22 49 27 24 7 23 17 15 18 6 26 6 7 4 245 21 28 16 7 17 34 12 20 24 44 13 4 10 7 9 6 7 7 125 12 11 14 25 21 12 20 6 10 7 6 6 9 4 15

121 121 32 18 27 27 27 27 27 42 119 119 119 119 119 42 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 94 111 94 78 113 127 127 127 113 113 113 113 127 113 127 113 127 113 113 117 117 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 126 126 126 126 125 126 126 126 126 125 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44

Cleomedes S – De Roy N

Feature Name Cleomedes S Cleomedes T Cleostratus Cleostratus A Cleostratus E Cleostratus F Cleostratus H Cleostratus J Cleostratus K Cleostratus L Cleostratus M Cleostratus N Cleostratus P Cleostratus R Clerke (Littrow B) Coblentz Cochise Cockcroft Cockcroft N Collins Colombo Colombo A Colombo B Colombo E Colombo G Colombo H Colombo J Colombo K Colombo M Colombo P Colombo T Compton Compton E Compton R Compton W Comrie Comrie K Comrie T Comrie V Comstock Comstock A Comstock P Condon (Webb R) Condorcet Condorcet A Condorcet D Condorcet E Condorcet F Condorcet G Condorcet H Condorcet J Condorcet K Condorcet L Condorcet M Condorcet N Condorcet P Condorcet Q Condorcet R Condorcet S Condorcet T Condorcet Ta Condorcet U Condorcet W Condorcet X Condorcet Y Cone Congreve Congreve G Congreve H Congreve L Congreve N Congreve Q Congreve U Conon Conon A Conon W Conon Y Cook Cook A Cook B Cook C Cook D Cook E Cook F Cook G Cooper Cooper G Cooper K Copernicus

296

Lat. 29.5° N 25.8° N 60.4° N 62.7° N 60.9° N 61.5° N 61.2° N 61.3° N 62.0° N 62.2° N 61.5° N 60.6° N 59.6° N 58.9° N 21.7° N 37.9° S 20.2° N 31.3° N 29.1° N 1.3° N 15.1° S 14.1° S 16.4° S 15.8° S 13.9° S 17.4° S 14.3° S 15.8° S 14.6° S 15.1° S 18.9° S 55.3° N 55.4° N 52.6° N 58.6° N 23.3° N 22.1° N 23.1° N 24.6° N 21.8° N 24.8° N 20.1° N 1.9° N 12.1° N 11.5° N 9.8° N 11.3° N 8.2° N 10.7° N 12.4° N 13.1° N 9.0° N 10.1° N 9.0° N 9.0° N 8.7° N 11.4° N 11.7° N 10.6° N 11.8° N 12.2° N 10.0° N 13.9° N 10.1° N 12.8° N 3.7° S 0.2° S 0.9° S 1.2° S 3.6° S 3.4° S 1.4° S 0.6° N 21.6° N 19.7° N 18.7° N 22.3° N 17.5° S 17.8° S 17.3° S 18.2° S 20.1° S 18.4° S 17.6° S 18.9° S 52.9° N 52.6° N 51.1° N 9.7° N

Long. 59.0° E 57.7° E 77.0° W 77.3° W 79.6° W 80.4° W 81.9° W 83.8° W 81.1° W 79.3° W 74.9° W 73.1° W 72.9° W 72.9° W 29.8° E 126.1° E 30.8° E 162.6° W 163.7° W 23.7° E 45.8° E 44.4° E 45.2° E 42.4° E 43.9° E 44.1° E 43.5° E 46.4° E 47.8° E 48.0° E 45.4° E 103.8° E 113.4° E 91.5° E 97.2° E 112.7° W 112.3° W 115.3° W 115.9° W 121.5° W 121.2° W 122.7° W 60.4° E 69.6° E 67.3° E 68.5° E 68.1° E 73.1° E 68.0° E 65.0° E 65.0° E 75.8° E 73.7° E 73.1° E 72.9° E 70.4° E 73.3° E 74.8° E 75.6° E 65.8° E 65.7° E 75.4° E 66.9° E 69.9° E 68.9° E 17.4° W 167.3° W 163.7° W 165.2° W 166.3° W 168.2° W 169.6° W 170.7° W 2.0° E 4.5° E 3.0° E 1.9° E 48.9° E 49.2° E 51.7° E 51.3° E 53.4° E 55.1° E 55.4° E 48.7° E 175.6° E 178.5° E 178.1° E 20.1° W

D 8 11 62 35 21 50 13 20 17 11 9 4 7 6 6 33 1 93 56 2 76 42 16 17 10 14 7 5 17 5 10 162 19 37 16 59 73 43 29 72 21 26 34 74 14 22 6 37 7 23 16 11 12 9 4 46 31 15 9 15 14 9 33 8 13 0.3 57 17 37 30 31 59 59 21 7 4 4 46 6 9 5 4 5 7 9 36 20 30 93

LAC 44 44 10 10 10 21 21 21 21 10 10 10 10 10 42 117 43 51 51 60 79 79 97 79 79 97 79 79 79 79 97 16 16 15 15 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 62 62 62 62 62 63 62 62 62 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 62 62 63 62 62 62 76 87 87 87 87 87 87 68 41 41 41 41 97 97 98 98 98 98 98 97 18 18 18 58

Copernicus A Copernicus B Copernicus C Copernicus D Copernicus E Copernicus F Copernicus G Copernicus H Copernicus J Copernicus L Copernicus N Copernicus P Copernicus R Cori Cori G Coriolis Coriolis C Coriolis G Coriolis H Coriolis L Coriolis M Coriolis S Coriolis W Coriolis Y Coriolis Z Couder (Maunder Z) Coulomb Coulomb C Coulomb J Coulomb N Coulomb P Coulomb V Coulomb W Courtney Cremona Cremona A Cremona B Cremona C Cremona L Crescent Crile (Proclus F) Crocco Crocco E Crocco G Crocco R Crommelin Crommelin C Crommelin W Crommelin X Crookes Crookes D Crookes P Crookes X Crozier Crozier B Crozier D Crozier E Crozier F Crozier G Crozier H Crozier L Crozier M Cruger Cruger A Cruger B Cruger C Cruger D Cruger E Cruger F Cruger G Cruger H Ctesibius Curie Curie C Curie E Curie G Curie K Curie L Curie M Curie P Curie V Curie Z Curtis (Picard Z) Curtius Curtius A Curtius B Curtius C Curtius D Curtius E

9.5° N 7.5° N 7.1° N 12.2° N 6.4° N 5.9° N 5.9° N 6.9° N 10.1° N 13.5° N 6.9° N 10.1° N 8.1° N 50.6° S 50.9° S 0.1° N 1.9° N 0.0° N 0.5° S 1.9° S 1.4° S 0.1° N 3.1° N 3.6° N 4.2° N 4.8° S

18.9° W 22.4° W 15.4° W 24.7° W 22.7° W 22.2° W 21.5° W 18.3° W 23.9° W 17.0° W 23.3° W 16.0° W 16.8° W 151.9° W 147.0° W 171.8° E 173.3° E 174.7° E 174.2° E 172.7° E 171.7° E 169.7° E 168.0° E 171.2° E 171.5° E 92.4° W

3 7 6 5 4 4 4 5 6 4 7 5 3 65 20 78 19 17 12 32 31 17 37 31 53 21

58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 133 133 86 68 68 86 86 86 67 67 68 68 90

54.7° N 57.4° N 53.1° N 50.6° N 50.5° N 55.6° N 56.5° N 25.1° N 67.5° N 69.6° N 67.9° N 67.2° N 66.1° N 2.9° S 14.2° N 47.5° S 46.8° S 47.8° S 48.3° S 68.1° S 66.4° S 66.0° S 66.3° S 10.3° S 9.6° S 11.7° S 6.6° S 13.5° S 12.5° S 13.4° S 12.7° S 12.8° S 12.1° S 14.0° S 10.0° S 8.9° S 16.7° S 16.0° S 17.2° S 16.8° S 15.3° S 17.5° S 14.2° S 17.9° S 18.0° S 0.8° N 22.9° S 21.1° S 22.4° S 23.6° S 23.7° S 26.3° S 28.4° S 28.4° S 22.0° S 20.5° S 14.6° N 67.2° S 68.5° S 63.7° S 69.2° S 64.8° S 67.2° S

114.6° W 110.8° W 111.6° W 115.8° W 117.4° W 118.1° W 120.4° W 30.8° W 90.6° W 91.0° W 92.4° W 92.2° W 90.0° W 23.4° W 46.0° E 150.2° E 152.0° E 152.3° E 147.5° E 146.9° W 144.8° W 152.7° W 150.0° W 164.5° W 162.8° W 165.8° W 166.2° W 50.8° E 52.4° E 51.7° E 52.0° E 51.0° E 50.1° E 49.4° E 51.4° E 53.4° E 66.8° W 62.7° W 71.6° W 61.9° W 64.5° W 65.2° W 64.4° W 68.0° W 65.2° W 118.7° E 91.0° E 94.1° E 96.2° E 94.8° E 92.7° E 92.8° E 92.5° E 90.1° E 90.4° E 92.2° E 56.6° E 4.4° E 2.7° E 4.7° E 4.4° E 8.1° E 8.2° E

89 34 35 32 38 36 34 1 85 47 20 15 23 1 9 75 17 42 57 94 44 24 26 49 41 21 24 22 8 21 6 5 4 11 6 6 45 27 13 12 12 16 9 8 7 36 151 47 43 53 12 21 34 26 21 25 2 95 12 41 10 61 15

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 39 9 9 9 9 9 76 61 118 118 118 131 142 142 142 142 87 87 87 87 80 80 80 80 80 80 79 80 80 92 92 91 92 74 92 74 92 92 65 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 62 137 137 126 137 137 137

Curtius F Curtius G Curtius H Curtius K Curtius L Curtius M Cusanus Cusanus A Cusanus B Cusanus C Cusanus E Cusanus F Cusanus G Cusanus H Cuvier Cuvier A Cuvier B Cuvier C Cuvier D Cuvier E Cuvier F Cuvier G Cuvier H Cuvier J Cuvier K Cuvier L Cuvier M Cuvier N Cuvier O Cuvier P Cuvier Q Cuvier R Cyrano Cyrano A Cyrano B Cyrano D Cyrano E Cyrano P Cyrillus Cyrillus A Cyrillus B Cyrillus C Cyrillus E Cyrillus F Cyrillus G Cysatus Cysatus A Cysatus B Cysatus C Cysatus D Cysatus E Cysatus F Cysatus G Cysatus H Cysatus J

66.5° S 65.9° S 69.4° S 69.1° S 68.2° S 65.5° S 72.0° N 70.6° N 70.1° N 70.4° N 72.0° N 70.7° N 69.9° N 69.4° N 50.3° S 52.4° S 51.7° S 49.9° S 51.3° S 52.3° S 52.2° S 50.8° S 48.6° S 49.3° S 52.2° S 48.9° S 53.3° S 53.4° S 51.6° S 50.0° S 51.6° S 51.0° S 20.5° S 18.1° S 18.3° S 19.6° S 20.1° S 21.6° S 13.2° S 13.8° S 11.7° S 12.3° S 15.8° S 15.3° S 15.6° S 66.2° S 64.2° S 65.7° S 63.8° S 65.0° S 66.7° S 63.9° S 65.8° S 66.8° S 63.0° S

2.7° E 3.1° E 8.2° E 9.8° E 9.4° E 8.6° E 70.8° E 64.0° E 64.5° E 60.8° E 72.3° E 73.3° E 76.9° E 59.4° E 9.9° E 12.0° E 13.8° E 11.7° E 7.8° E 12.9° E 11.2° E 7.5° E 8.5° E 8.8° E 10.0° E 9.8° E 10.9° E 12.1° E 12.1° E 12.7° E 10.6° E 13.1° E 157.7° E 158.6° E 159.7° E 162.2° E 161.2° E 156.8° E 24.0° E 23.1° E 21.7° E 21.5° E 25.3° E 25.5° E 26.6° E 6.1° W 0.8° W 1.8° W 0.6° E 6.0° W 1.3° W 3.5° W 0.3° W 0.0° E 0.8° E

6 6 10 6 7 5 63 16 21 25 10 10 10 8 75 18 17 9 17 19 16 8 10 6 8 13 6 4 10 11 13 7 80 26 23 24 21 19 98 17 33 12 11 44 8 48 14 8 27 5 48 5 6 8 10

137 137 137 137 137 137 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 126 127 127 127 126 127 127 126 126 126 126 126 127 127 127 127 127 127 103 103 103 103 103 103 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 137 126 137 126 137 137 126 137 137 126

Da Vinci Da Vinci A Daedalus Daedalus B Daedalus C Daedalus G Daedalus K Daedalus M Daedalus R Daedalus S Daedalus U Daedalus W Dag Daguerre Daguerre K Daguerre U Daguerre X Daguerre Y Daguerre Z Dale d’Alembert d’Alembert E d’Alembert G d’Alembert J d’Alembert Z Dalton Daly Damoiseau Damoiseau A Damoiseau B Damoiseau BA Damoiseau C Damoiseau D Damoiseau E

9.1° N 9.7° N 5.9° S 4.1° S 4.1° S 6.6° S 8.3° S 8.1° S 7.7° S 6.8° S 4.2° S 3.5° S 18.7° N 11.9° S 12.2° S 15.1° S 14.0° S 13.9° S 14.9° S 9.6° S 50.8° N 52.8° N 50.9° N 47.5° N 55.4° N 17.1° N 5.7° N 4.8° S 6.3° S 8.6° S 8.3° S 9.1° S 6.4° S 5.2° S

45.0° E 44.2° E 179.4° E 179.8° W 178.9° W 177.4° W 178.5° W 179.5° E 175.2° E 172.9° E 174.9° E 177.5° E 5.3° E 33.6° E 35.8° E 35.7° E 34.5° E 35.4° E 34.7° E 82.9° E 163.9° E 168.2° E 167.5° E 170.4° E 165.6° E 84.3° W 59.6° E 61.1° W 62.4° W 61.6° W 59.0° W 62.5° W 63.3° W 58.3° W

37 18 93 23 68 33 24 13 41 20 30 70 0.5 46 5 4 4 3 4 22 248 22 18 20 44 60 17 36 47 23 9 15 17 14

61 61 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 41 79 79 79 79 79 79 81 18 18 18 32 18 37 62 74 74 74 74 74 74 74

Damoiseau F Damoiseau G Damoiseau H Damoiseau J Damoiseau K Damoiseau L Damoiseau M Daniell Daniell D Daniell W Daniell X Danjon Danjon J Danjon K Danjon M Danjon X Dante Dante C Dante E Dante G Dante P Dante S Dante T Dante Y Darney Darney B Darney C Darney D Darney E Darney F Darney J D’Arrest D’Arrest A D’Arrest B D’Arrest M D’Arrest R D’Arsonval D’Arsonval A Darwin Darwin A Darwin B Darwin C Darwin F Darwin G Darwin H Das Das G Daubree (Menelaus F) Davisson Davy Davy A Davy B Davy C Davy G Davy K Davy U Davy Y Dawes Dawson Dawson D Dawson V D. Brown De Forest De Forest N De Forest P De Gasparis De Gasparis A De Gasparis B De Gasparis C De Gasparis D De Gasparis E De Gasparis F De Gasparis G De Gerlache De La Rue De La Rue D De La Rue E De La Rue J De La Rue P De La Rue Q De La Rue R De La Rue S De La Rue W De Moraes De Moraes S De Moraes T De Morgan De Roy De Roy N

7.9° S 2.5° S 3.8° S 4.1° S 4.6° S 4.5° S 5.1° S 35.3° N 37.0° N 35.9° N 36.6° N 11.4° S 12.8° S 13.8° S 13.9° S 10.0° S 25.5° N 28.3° N 26.7° N 24.9° N 23.6° N 24.9° N 25.8° N 27.1° N 14.5° S 14.8° S 14.1° S 14.5° S 12.4° S 13.3° S 14.3° S 2.3° N 1.9° N 1.0° N 1.9° N 0.5° N 10.3° S 8.4° S 20.2° S 21.8° S 19.9° S 20.5° S 21.0° S 21.5° S 21.0° S 26.6° S 26.9° S 15.7° N

62.1° W 55.6° W 59.8° W 62.0° W 60.4° W 59.3° W 61.3° W 31.1° E 25.8° E 31.5° E 31.8° E 124.0° E 125.6° E 125.1° E 124.1° E 122.8° E 180.0° E 177.1° W 177.0° W 178.6° W 179.4° E 177.3° E 176.6° E 179.5° E 23.5° W 26.4° W 26.0° W 27.0° W 25.4° W 26.4° W 21.4° W 14.7° E 13.7° E 13.6° E 13.6° E 15.6° E 124.6° E 125.0° E 69.5° W 73.0° W 72.2° W 71.0° W 71.0° W 70.7° W 68.8° W 136.8° W 135.2° W 14.7° E

11 4 45 7 23 14 54 29 6 3 5 71 23 17 12 65 54 54 43 24 27 17 20 27 15 4 13 6 4 4 7 30 4 5 23 19 28 17 120 24 56 16 18 17 30 38 32 14

74 74 74 74 74 74 74 26 26 26 26 83 83 83 83 83 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 60 60 60 60 60 83 83 91 91 91 91 91 91 92 106 106 60

37.5° S 11.8° S 12.2° S 10.8° S 11.2° S 10.4° S 10.2° S 12.9° S 11.0° S 17.2° N 67.4° S 66.6° S 66.6° S 41.7° S 77.3° S 79.5° S 80.0° S 25.9° S 26.7° S 27.0° S 26.3° S 25.7° S 26.4° S 26.3° S 27.0° S 88.5° S 59.1° N 56.8° N 56.8° N 59.0° N 60.5° N 61.5° N 62.1° N 62.9° N 55.7° N 49.5° N 48.9° N 49.3° N 3.3° N 55.3° S 59.7° S

174.6° W 8.1° W 7.7° W 8.9° W 7.0° W 5.1° W 9.5° W 7.1° W 7.1° W 26.4° E 134.7° W 131.7° W 137.0° W 147.1° W 162.1° W 164.7° W 176.0° W 50.7° W 51.3° W 52.5° W 51.7° W 50.1° W 49.4° W 49.3° W 49.3° W 87.1° W 52.3° E 46.2° E 49.7° E 52.8° E 61.4° E 60.5° E 61.1° E 61.6° E 46.9° E 143.2° E 140.7° E 139.5° E 14.9° E 99.1° W 103.1° W

87 34 15 7 3 16 3 3 70 18 45 39 58 17.2 57 41 18 30 37 12 6 4 7 8 6 32.4 134 17 32 14 10 10 9 12 18 53 45 46 10 43 26

120 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 42 142 142 142 121 142 142 141 92 92 92 92 92 93 93 93 144 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 17 17 17 60 135 135

De Roy P – Egede B

Feature Name De Roy P De Roy Q De Roy X (Chadwick) De Sitter De Sitter A De Sitter F De Sitter G De Sitter L De Sitter M De Sitter U De Sitter V De Sitter W De Sitter X De Vico De Vico A De Vico AA De Vico B De Vico C De Vico D De Vico E De Vico F De Vico G De Vico H De Vico K De Vico L De Vico M De Vico N De Vico P De Vico R De Vico S De Vico T De Vico X De Vico Y De Vries De Vries D De Vries N De Vries R Debes Debes A Debes B Debus (Hansky H) Debye Debye E Debye J Debye Q Dechen Dechen A Dechen B Dechen C Dechen D Delambre Delambre B Delambre D Delambre F Delambre H Delambre J Delaunay Delaunay A Delia Delisle Delisle K Dellinger Dellinger B Dellinger U Delmotte Delporte Deluc Deluc A Deluc B Deluc C Deluc D Deluc E Deluc F Deluc G Deluc H Deluc J Deluc L Deluc M Deluc N Deluc O Deluc P Deluc Q Deluc R Deluc S Deluc T Deluc U Deluc V Deluc W

Lat. 58.4° S 58.1° S 52.7° S

Long. 102.4° W 103.6° W 101.3° W

D 35 22 30

LAC 135 135 135

80.1° N 80.2° N 80.2° N 78.9° N 78.8° N 81.3° N 77.8° N 79.1° N 79.4° N 80.3° N 19.7° S 18.8° S 18.8° S 17.8° S 20.6° S 21.1° S 21.1° S 19.1° S 19.0° S 19.9° S 20.1° S 19.9° S 21.1° S 19.8° S 20.4° S 19.4° S 19.5° S 18.7° S 20.5° S 20.4° S 19.9° S 18.9° S 21.5° S 20.7° S 29.5° N 28.8° N 29.0° N 10.5° S 49.6° N 50.4° N 48.4° N 47.5° N 46.1° N 46.0° N 44.2° N 45.9° N 46.2° N 1.9° S 1.7° S 1.1° S 1.0° S 1.0° S 0.3° S 22.2° S 21.9° S 10.9° S 29.9° N 29.0° N 6.8° S 5.5° S 6.3° S 27.1° N 16.0° S 55.0° S 54.1° S 52.0° S 51.4° S 56.4° S 60.3° S 60.0° S 61.6° S 54.2° S 53.3° S 60.8° S 54.9° S 60.6° S 62.7° S 58.9° S 59.0° S 55.4° S 61.9° S 55.8° S 59.0° S 61.8° S 61.6° S

39.6° E 26.6° E 51.0° E 42.7° E 34.5° E 38.5° E 46.5° E 56.9° E 54.1° E 55.4° E 60.2° W 63.5° W 63.1° W 58.7° W 62.3° W 61.9° W 61.3° W 62.6° W 58.9° W 59.1° W 58.3° W 57.7° W 59.4° W 61.9° W 60.8° W 61.9° W 63.4° W 61.8° W 60.1° W 60.3° W 176.7° W 174.3° W 177.3° W 178.4° W 51.7° E 51.5° E 50.6° E 99.6° E 176.2° W 171.0° W 172.6° W 179.2° W 68.2° W 65.7° W 64.3° W 69.9° W 60.5° W 17.5° E 19.6° E 17.6° E 19.3° E 16.4° E 16.8° E 2.5° E 2.0° E 6.1° W 34.6° W 38.4° W 140.6° E 141.1° E 136.8° E 60.2° E 121.6° E 2.8° W 0.4° W 0.5° E 0.9° E 2.4° W 4.3° W 3.1° W 0.7° E 2.1° W 4.1° W 6.2° E 6.2° W 0.5° E 4.4° W 4.8° W 3.5° W 0.6° E 0.2° E 3.1° W 2.9° W 1.7° E 1.8° W

64 36 22 9 69 81 37 17 40 9 20 32 12 9 12 12 13 12 8 8 8 5 8 6 30 13 10 41 6 6 59 19 30 14 30 33 19 20 142 41 30 26 12 5 6 6 5 51 10 5 5 16 12 46 6 2 25 3 81 53 16 32 45 46 56 38 28 27 12 38 27 26 33 8 19 10 7 7 5 22 6 10 5 9 6

4 1 1 4 4 1 4 5 4 1 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 104 104 104 104 44 44 44 82 18 18 18 33 22 22 22 22 23 78 78 78 78 78 78 95 95 77 39 39 84 84 84 44 101 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126

Dembowski Dembowski A Dembowski B Dembowski C Democritus Democritus A Democritus B Democritus D Democritus K Democritus L Democritus M Democritus N Demonax Demonax A Demonax B Demonax C Demonax E Denning Denning B Denning C Denning D Denning L Denning R Denning U Denning V Denning Y Denning Z Desargues Desargues A Desargues B Desargues C Desargues D Desargues E Desargues K Desargues L Desargues M Descartes Descartes A Descartes C Deseilligny Deslandres Deutsch Deutsch F Deutsch L Dewar Dewar E Dewar F Dewar S Diana Diderot Dionysius Dionysius A Dionysius B Diophantus Diophantus A (Artismovich) Diophantus B Diophantus C Diophantus D Dirichlet Dirichlet E Dobrovol’sky Dobrovol’sky D Dobrovol’sky M Dobrovol’sky R Doerfel Doerfel R Doerfel S Doerfel U Doerfel Y Dollond Dollond B Dollond C (Lindsay) Dollond D Dollond E Dollond L Dollond M Dollond T Dollond U Dollond V Dollond W Dollond Y Donati Donati A Donati B Donati C Donati D Donati K Donna

2.9° N 3.0° N 2.5° N 2.1° N 62.3° N 61.6° N 60.1° N 62.9° N 63.1° N 63.4° N 63.6° N 63.6° N 77.9° S 79.1° S 81.5° S 80.1° S 78.3° S 16.4° S 15.2° S 14.5° S 16.1° S 18.8° S 17.2° S 16.0° S 15.5° S 14.0° S 12.9° S 70.2° N 71.4° N 70.7° N 69.7° N 69.3° N 70.2° N 68.5° N 69.6° N 68.4° N 11.7° S 12.1° S 11.0° S 21.1° N 33.1° S 24.1° N 24.1° N 22.4° N 2.7° S 2.3° S 2.8° S 3.1° S 14.3° N 20.4° S 2.8° N 1.7° N 3.0° N 27.6° N 27.6° N

7.2° E 6.5° E 6.2° E 7.4° E 35.0° E 32.4° E 28.6° E 31.2° E 40.7° E 39.7° E 37.1° E 34.3° E 60.8° E 64.3° E 73.9° E 54.9° E 43.4° E 142.6° E 143.5° E 145.3° E 144.1° E 143.2° E 141.2° E 138.6° E 139.7° E 142.3° E 142.5° E 73.3° W 75.3° W 65.0° W 78.4° W 69.6° W 67.4° W 67.2° W 82.2° W 73.9° W 15.7° E 15.2° E 16.3° E 20.6° E 4.8° W 110.5° E 112.0° E 110.8° E 165.5° E 167.8° E 167.5° E 163.9° E 35.7° E 121.5° E 17.3° E 17.6° E 15.8° E 34.3° W 36.6° W

26 6 7 16 39 11 12 8 7 18 5 16 128 16 19 10 40 44 32 17 14 21 72 30 26 52 14 85 14 50 12 11 31 10 13 30 48 16 4 6 256 66 31 36 50 15 14 23 2 20 18 3 4 17 9

59 59 59 59 13 13 13 13 14 13 13 13 139 139 144 144 138 102 84 84 102 102 102 84 84 84 84 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 78 78 78 42 95 47 47 47 85 85 85 85 61 101 60 60 60 39 39

29.1° N 27.3° N 26.9° N 11.1° N 12.2° N 12.8° S 12.2° S 14.6° S 14.0° S 69.1° S 71.3° S 69.9° S 68.8° S 67.8° S 10.4° S 7.7° S 7.0° S

32.5° W 34.7° W 36.3° W 151.4° W 147.8° W 129.7° E 130.6° E 129.6° E 127.7° E 107.9° W 119.4° W 119.6° W 117.2° W 108.8° W 14.4° E 13.8° E 13.0° E

6 5 4 47 26 38 49 31 24 68 32 32 34 68 11 37 32

39 39 39 69 70 83 83 83 83 143 143 143 143 143 78 78 78

8.2° S 10.2° S 8.7° S 10.1° S 9.4° S 7.3° S 7.9° S 6.7° S 8.4° S 20.7° S 19.6° S 20.4° S 19.9° S 22.1° S 21.1° S 7.2° N

12.5° E 15.7° E 12.5° E 16.9° E 15.0° E 16.0° E 15.5° E 14.6° E 13.2° E 5.2° E 4.5° E 5.7° E 3.4° E 5.8° E 6.8° E 38.3° E

9 6 5 6 3 3 6 11 14 36 9 11 8 5 13 2

78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 95 95 95 95 95 95 61

Donner Donner N Donner P Donner Q Donner R Donner S Donner T Donner V Donner Z Doppelmayer Doppelmayer A Doppelmayer B Doppelmayer C Doppelmayer D Doppelmayer G Doppelmayer H Doppelmayer J Doppelmayer K Doppelmayer L Doppelmayer M Doppelmayer N Doppelmayer P Doppelmayer R Doppelmayer S Doppelmayer T Doppelmayer V Doppelmayer W Doppelmayer Y Doppelmayer Z Doppler Doppler B Doppler M Doppler N Doppler W Doppler X Dorsa Aldrovandi Dorsa Andrusov Dorsa Argand Dorsa Barlow Dorsa Burnet Dorsa Cato Dorsa Dana Dorsa Ewing Dorsa Geikie Dorsa Harker Dorsa Lister Dorsa Mawson Dorsa Rubey Dorsa Smirnov Dorsa Sorby Dorsa Stille Dorsa Tetyaev Dorsa Whiston Dorsum Arduino Dorsum Azara Dorsum Bucher Dorsum Buckland Dorsum Cayeux Dorsum Cloos Dorsum Cushman Dorsum Gast Dorsum Grabau Dorsum Guettard Dorsum Heim Dorsum Higazy Dorsum Nicol Dorsum Niggli Dorsum Oppel Dorsum Owen Dorsum Scilla Dorsum Termier Dorsum Thera Dorsum Von Cotta Dorsum Zirkel Doublet Douglass Douglass C Douglass X Dove Dove A Dove B Dove C Dove Z Draper Draper A Draper C Drebbel Drebbel A Drebbel B Drebbel C

31.4° S 33.2° S 33.5° S 34.3° S 34.4° S 32.1° S 31.1° S 30.5° S 29.7° S 28.5° S 29.8° S 30.5° S 30.3° S 31.8° S 28.9° S 28.8° S 24.5° S 24.0° S 23.6° S 29.5° S 29.2° S 29.1° S 29.2° S 28.1° S 25.9° S 29.8° S 33.6° S 33.1° S 33.0° S 12.6° S 11.8° S 15.4° S 16.9° S 11.0° S 10.3° S 24.0° N 1.0° S 28.1° N 15.0° N 28.4° N 1.0° N 3.0° N 10.2° S 4.6° S 14.5° N 20.3° N 7.0° S 10.0° S 27.3° N 19.0° N 27.0° N 19.9° N 29.4° N 24.9° N 26.7° N 31.0° N 20.4° N 1.6° N 1.0° N 1.0° N 24.0° N 29.4° N 10.0° S 32.0° N 28.0° N 18.0° N 29.0° N 18.7° N 25.0° N 32.8° N 11.0° N 24.4° N 23.2° N 28.1° N 3.7° S 35.9° N 36.7° N 38.4° N 46.7° S 46.9° S 47.1° S 47.0° S 44.5° S 17.6° N 17.9° N 17.1° N 40.9° S 38.9° S 37.8° S 40.4° S

98.0° E 97.1° E 96.3° E 95.6° E 92.3° E 92.9° E 94.8° E 95.7° E 97.8° E 41.4° W 43.1° W 45.4° W 44.1° W 45.8° W 44.9° W 43.2° W 41.1° W 40.7° W 40.5° W 43.9° W 44.6° W 42.7° W 43.2° W 43.6° W 43.2° W 45.6° W 45.6° W 46.1° W 46.4° W 159.6° W 159.4° W 160.0° W 160.5° W 161.7° W 161.3° W 28.5° E 57.0° E 40.6° W 31.0° E 57.0° W 47.0° E 90.0° E 39.4° W 52.5° E 64.0° E 23.8° E 53.0° E 42.0° W 25.3° E 14.0° E 19.0° W 64.2° E 56.4° W 35.8° W 19.2° E 39.0° W 12.8° E 51.2° E 91.0° E 49.0° E 9.0° E 15.9° W 18.0° W 29.8° W 17.0° W 23.0° E 52.0° W 52.6° E 11.0° E 60.4° W 58.0° E 31.4° W 11.9° E 23.5° W 17.5° W 122.4° W 121.0° W 123.8° W 31.5° E 33.5° E 33.1° E 30.8° E 29.2° E 21.7° W 23.4° W 21.5° W 49.0° W 51.0° W 47.3° W 42.9° W

58 19 39 15 15 23 46 19 13 63 10 11 7 9 15 10 6 5 4 15 5 8 4 4 3 8 8 10 10 110 37 25 17 15 18 136 160 109 120 194 140 70 141 228 197 203 132 100 156 80 80 176 85 107 105 90 380 84 100 80 60 121 40 148 60 50 50 268 50 108 90 7 199 193 0 49 28 23 30 13 19 19 8 8 4 8 30 7 18 30

100 116 116 116 116 100 100 100 100 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 87 87 87 87 87 87 42 80 39 61 38 61 64 75 80 62 42 80 75 42 42 40 44 38 39 42 39 41 62 64 61 41 40 76 40 40 42 38 44 42 38 62 39 42 40 76 35 35 35 113 113 113 113 113 40 40 40 110 110 110 110

Drebbel D Drebbel E Drebbel F Drebbel G Drebbel H Drebbel J Drebbel K Drebbel L Drebbel M Drebbel N Drebbel P Dreyer Dreyer C Dreyer D Dreyer J Dreyer K Dreyer R Dreyer W Drude Drude S Dryden Dryden S Dryden T Dryden W Drygalski Drygalski P Drygalski Q Drygalski V Dubyago Dubyago B Dubyago C Dubyago D Dubyago E Dubyago F Dubyago G Dubyago H Dubyago J Dubyago K Dubyago L Dubyago M Dubyago N Dubyago P (Pomortsev) Dubyago Q (Stewart) Dubyago R Dubyago S Dubyago T Dubyago U Dubyago V Dubyago W Dubyago X Dubyago Y Dubyago Z Dufay Dufay A Dufay B Dufay D Dufay X Dufay Y Dugan Dugan J Dugan X Dune Duner Duner A Dunthorne Dunthorne A Dunthorne B Dunthorne C Dunthorne D Dyson Dyson B Dyson H Dyson M Dyson Q Dyson X Dziewulski Dziewulski Q

37.9° S 38.1° S 42.7° S 43.9° S 41.7° S 40.6° S 40.0° S 40.3° S 41.2° S 41.3° S 39.7° S 10.0° N 11.2° N 10.8° N 8.8° N 9.0° N 8.5° N 11.8° N 38.5° S 39.6° S 33.0° S 33.8° S 32.8° S 31.0° S 79.3° S 81.0° S 81.1° S 78.5° S 4.4° N 2.8° N 2.8° N 1.4° N 1.3° N 1.8° N 1.8° N 2.3° N 2.9° N 1.5° N 1.9° N 2.5° N 1.4° N 0.7° N

49.3° W 51.3° W 44.6° W 45.2° W 45.3° W 52.3° W 49.5° W 50.8° W 41.4° W 52.4° W 51.8° W 96.9° E 98.2° E 99.8° E 98.2° E 97.4° E 94.0° E 95.7° E 91.8° W 95.3° W 155.2° W 158.8° W 158.6° W 158.5° W 84.9° W 99.9° W 111.9° W 93.4° W 70.0° E 70.2° E 71.9° E 71.2° E 69.0° E 69.4° E 69.0° E 69.2° E 69.6° E 68.2° E 68.1° E 68.1° E 67.0° E 66.9° E

2.2° N

67.0° E

13

62

2.5° N 2.6° N 4.8° N 5.6° N 5.9° N 6.5° N 6.5° N 4.2° N 3.8° N 5.5° N 9.5° N 8.5° N 6.3° N 7.2° N 8.3° N 64.2° N 61.6° N 67.8° N 26.0° N 44.8° N 47.7° N 30.1° S 28.8° S 31.4° S 29.4° S 30.0° S 61.3° N 63.6° N 59.5° N 58.4° N 59.8° N 62.6° N 21.2° N 20.5° N

66.3° E 73.5° E 72.3° E 72.3° E 70.0° E 69.9° E 73.0° E 68.2° E 70.9° E 169.5° E 170.5° E 171.0° E 170.5° E 168.5° E 168.4° E 103.3° E 108.0° E 98.5° E 3.7° E 179.5° E 179.7° E 31.6° W 32.6° W 31.6° W 32.5° W 34.0° W 121.2° W 117.6° W 113.7° W 120.9° W 125.7° W 122.5° W 98.9° E 98.2° E

8 16 9 10 12 9 8 7 9 39 15 20 32 42 16 50 13 14 0 62 38 15 6 7 7 6 63 45 21 34 89 28 63 32

62 63 63 63 62 62 63 62 63 67 68 68 68 67 67 6 16 5 41 33 33 93 93 93 93 93 20 20 20 20 20 20 46 46

Earthlight Eckert Eddington Eddington P Edison Edison T Edith Egede Egede A Egede B

26.1° N 17.3° N 21.3° N 21.0° N 25.0° N 24.7° N 25.8° S 48.7° N 51.6° N 50.5° N

3.7° E 58.3° E 72.2° W 71.0° W 99.1° E 97.1° E 102.3° E 10.6° E 10.5° E 8.9° E

0 2 118 12 62 48 8 37 13 8

41 44 37 37 46 46 100 13 13 12

297

10 65 15 17 10 13 37 9 8 9 4 61 37 27 29 23 18 30 24 16 51 30 35 30 149 30 144 21 51 36 19 14 12 9 9 8 11 9 7 12 7 23

110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 123 123 121 120 120 105 143 144 144 143 62 63 63 63 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62

Egede C – Fontenelle T

Feature Name Egede C Egede E Egede F Egede G Egede M Egede N Egede P Ehrlich Ehrlich J Ehrlich N Ehrlich W Ehrlich Z Eichstadt Eichstadt C Eichstadt D Eichstadt E Eichstadt G Eichstadt H Eichstadt K Eijkman Eijkman D Eimmart Eimmart A Eimmart B Eimmart C Eimmart D Eimmart F Eimmart G Eimmart H Eimmart K Einstein Einstein A Einstein R Einstein S Einthoven Einthoven G Einthoven K Einthoven L Einthoven M Einthoven P Einthoven R Einthoven X Elbow Elger Elger A Elger B Ellerman Ellerman Q (Konoplev) Ellison Ellison P Elmer Elvey Elvey G Elvey K Emden Emden D Emden F Emden M Emden U Emden V Emden W Emory Encke Encke B Encke C Encke E Encke G Encke H Encke J Encke K Encke M Encke N Encke T Encke X Encke Y End Endymion Endymion A Endymion B Endymion C Endymion D Endymion E Endymion F Endymion G Endymion H Endymion J Endymion K Endymion L

298

Lat. 50.1° N 49.6° N 51.9° N 51.9° N 49.5° N 49.7° N 47.8° N 40.9° N 40.2° N 39.0° N 42.7° N 42.2° N 22.6° S 21.7° S 23.5° S 23.9° S 22.4° S 19.0° S 18.2° S 63.1° S 62.3° S 24.0° N 24.0° N 21.4° N 22.4° N 23.0° N 23.3° N 25.5° N 22.1° N 20.2° N 16.3° N 16.7° N 13.9° N 15.1° N 4.9° S 5.3° S 7.9° S 8.0° S 7.5° S 6.8° S 5.9° S 3.6° S 26.0° N 35.3° S 37.3° S 37.1° S 25.3° S 27.9° S

Long. 13.0° E 10.4° E 12.5° E 6.9° E 12.4° E 11.1° E 10.5° E 172.4° W 170.7° W 173.1° W 174.0° W 172.4° W 78.3° W 76.7° W 76.0° W 78.3° W 80.7° W 79.9° W 83.2° W 141.5° W 136.9° W 64.8° E 65.7° E 66.5° E 61.2° E 69.1° E 61.9° E 64.8° E 64.4° E 67.6° E 88.7° W 88.2° W 91.8° W 91.5° W 109.6° E 111.8° E 111.2° E 110.7° E 109.6° E 108.5° E 107.0° E 108.7° E 3.6° E 29.8° W 31.2° W 32.0° W 120.1° W 124.0° W

D 5 4 4 7 4 4 4 30 25 19 26 28 49 15 7 18 11 11 13 54 25 46 7 11 24 11 8 14 16 13 198 51 20 20 69 34 21 16 52 18 13 45 0 21 8 8 47 28

LAC 13 13 13 12 13 13 13 33 33 33 33 33 91 91 91 91 91 91 91 133 134 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 37 37 55 72 82 83 83 82 82 82 82 82 41 111 111 111 53 107

55.1° N 52.8° N 10.1° S 8.8° N 7.8° N 6.0° N 63.3° N 64.4° N 63.5° N 61.3° N 64.7° N 65.8° N 66.4° N 20.1° N 4.6° N 2.4° N 0.7° N 0.3° N 4.8° N 4.0° N 5.2° N 1.4° N 4.5° N 4.6° N 3.4° N 0.9° N 5.9° N 8.9° S 53.9° N 54.7° N 59.8° N 58.4° N 52.4° N 53.6° N 56.9° N 56.4° N 51.1° N 53.5° N 51.3° N 55.4° N

107.5° W 109.6° W 84.1° E 100.5° W 97.9° W 98.8° W 177.3° W 171.1° W 171.1° W 177.0° W 177.9° E 177.5° E 178.3° E 30.8° E 36.6° W 36.8° W 36.4° W 40.1° W 38.8° W 37.3° W 39.5° W 37.2° W 35.1° W 37.1° W 38.0° W 40.3° W 36.4° W 15.6° E 57.0° E 62.8° E 67.2° E 60.8° E 62.4° E 66.2° E 65.1° E 55.6° E 56.3° E 50.7° E 52.3° E 71.0° E

36 32 16 74 14 22 111 47 20 25 38 35 25 1 28 12 9 9 7 4 5 4 3 4 91 3 3 0 123 30 59 32 20 18 12 15 14 67 7 9

21 21 81 72 72 72 18 7 18 18 7 7 7 43 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 78 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14

Endymion M Endymion N Endymion W Endymion X Endymion Y Engelhardt Engelhardt B Engelhardt C Engelhardt J Engelhardt K Engelhardt N Engelhardt R Eotvos Eotvos B Eotvos D Eotvos E Eotvos F Eotvos T Epigenes Epigenes A Epigenes B Epigenes D Epigenes F Epigenes G Epigenes H Epigenes P Epimenides Epimenides A Epimenides B Epimenides C Epimenides S Eppinger Eratosthenes Eratosthenes A Eratosthenes B Eratosthenes C Eratosthenes D Eratosthenes E Eratosthenes F Eratosthenes H Eratosthenes K Eratosthenes M Eratosthenes Z Erlanger Erro Erro D Erro J Erro K Erro T Erro V Esclangon Esnault-Pelterie Espin Espin E Euclides Euclides B (Norman) Euclides C Euclides D Euclides E Euclides F Euclides J Euclides K Euclides M Euclides P Euctemon Euctemon C Euctemon D Euctemon H Euctemon K Euctemon N Eudoxus Eudoxus A Eudoxus B Eudoxus D Eudoxus E Eudoxus G Eudoxus J Eudoxus U Eudoxus V Euler Euler E Euler F Euler G Euler H Euler J Euler K Euler L Euler P (Natasha) Evans

52.7° N 52.4° N 52.7° N 52.9° N 55.8° N 5.7° N 8.3° N 10.1° N 2.7° N 2.4° N 4.4° N 4.4° N 35.5° S 33.0° S 34.4° S 34.5° S 35.8° S 35.3° S 67.5° N 66.9° N 68.3° N 68.3° N 67.1° N 68.9° N 69.4° N 65.4° N 40.9° S 43.2° S 41.6° S 42.3° S 41.6° S 9.4° S 14.5° N 18.4° N 18.7° N 16.9° N 17.5° N 18.0° N 17.7° N 13.3° N 12.9° N 14.0° N 13.8° N 87° N 5.7° N 6.8° N 4.6° N 3.8° N 5.6° N 6.3° N 21.5° N 47.7° N 28.1° N 28.3° N 7.4° S 11.8° S

70.9° E 69.6° E 69.2° E 50.1° E 58.0° E 159.0° W 157.7° W 156.9° W 155.4° W 157.8° W 159.3° W 162.0° W 133.8° E 134.8° E 136.1° E 138.1° E 136.2° E 130.8° E 4.6° W 0.3° W 3.1° W 0.3° E 8.1° W 7.0° W 6.4° W 5.4° W 30.2° W 30.1° W 28.8° W 27.5° W 29.3° W 25.7° W 11.3° W 8.3° W 8.7° W 12.4° W 10.9° W 10.9° W 9.9° W 12.2° W 9.2° W 13.6° W 14.1° W 28.4° E 98.5° E 100.5° E 99.4° E 99.6° E 96.9° E 97.8° E 42.1° E 141.4° W 109.1° E 111.3° E 29.5° W 30.4° W

9 9 10 6 8 43 136 49 19 18 28 15 99 22 16 23 21 15 55 18 11 10 5 5 7 33 27 15 10 4 26 6 58 6 5 5 4 4 4 3 5 4 1 10.1 61 30 15 17 16 18 15 79 75 35 11 10

14 14 14 14 14 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 118 118 118 118 118 118 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 111 111 111 111 111 76 58 41 41 40 40 40 41 58 59 58 58 1 64 64 64 64 63 64 43 34 46 46 76 75

13.2° S 9.4° S 6.3° S 6.3° S 6.4° S 4.2° S 10.4° S 4.5° S 76.4° N 76.2° N 77.1° N 76.3° N 75.9° N 75.5° N 44.3° N 45.8° N 45.6° N 43.3° N 44.3° N 45.4° N 40.8° N 43.9° N 43.1° N 23.3° N 24.7° N 21.2° N 20.7° N 25.3° N 22.3° N 20.7° N 21.4° N 20.0° N 9.5° S

30.0° W 25.7° W 25.1° W 33.7° W 28.5° W 24.7° W 28.2° W 27.6° W 31.3° E 38.9° E 39.2° E 26.6° E 28.4° E 33.1° E 16.3° E 20.0° E 17.4° E 13.2° E 21.1° E 18.8° E 20.2° E 20.3° E 18.9° E 29.2° W 34.0° W 27.9° W 27.4° W 28.6° W 31.5° W 31.8° W 28.9° W 31.1° W 133.5° W

10 6 4 5 4 6 6 66 62 20 20 16 7 8 67 14 8 10 6 7 4 4 4 27 6 6 4 4 4 5 4 11 67

75 75 75 76 75 75 75 75 4 4 4 4 4 4 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 40 39 40 40 40 39 39 39 39 88

Evans Q Evdokimov Evdokimov G Evdokimov N Evershed Evershed C Evershed D Evershed E Evershed R Evershed S Ewen

11.2° S 34.8° N 33.9° N 31.7° N 35.7° N 38.1° N 38.8° N 35.9° N 35.1° N 34.9° N 7.7° N

136.4° W 153.0° W 150.5° W 153.7° W 159.5° W 156.7° W 156.0° W 158.3° W 161.2° W 162.6° W 121.4° E

137 50 48 27 66 48 49 73 31 45 3

88 34 34 51 33 34 34 34 33 33 65

Fabbroni (Vitruvius E) Fabricius Fabricius A Fabricius B Fabricius J Fabry Fabry H Fabry X Fahrenheit (Picard X) Fairouz Falcon Family Mountain Faraday Faraday A Faraday C Faraday D Faraday G Faraday H Faraday K Faustini Fauth Fauth A Fauth B Fauth C Fauth D Fauth E Fauth F Fauth G Fauth H Faye Faye A Faye B Fechner Fechner T Fedorov Felix Fenyi Fenyi A Fenyi Y Feoktistov Feoktistov X Fermat Fermat A Fermat B Fermat C Fermat D Fermat E Fermat F Fermat G Fermat H Fermat P Fermi Fernelius Fernelius A Fernelius B Fernelius C Fernelius D Fernelius E Fersman Fesenkov Fesenkov F Fesenkov S Feuillee Fibiger Finsch Finsen Finsen C Finsen G Firmicus Firmicus A Firmicus B Firmicus C Firmicus D Firmicus E Firmicus F Firmicus G

18.7° N

29.2° E

10

42

42.9° S 44.6° S 43.6° S 45.8° S 42.9° N 41.9° N 49.0° N 13.1° N

42.0° E 44.0° E 44.9° E 45.2° E 100.7° E 105.2° E 96.7° E 61.7° E

78 45 17 16 184 37 28 6

114 114 114 114 29 29 29 62

26.1° S 20.4° N 20.4° N 42.4° S 41.5° S 43.3° S 43.7° S 45.8° S 45.0° S 42.6° S 87.3° S 6.3° N 6.0° N 5.8° N 5.2° N 6.0° N 5.4° N 5.5° N 5.3° N 4.8° N 21.4° S 21.2° S 22.6° S 59.0° S 59.1° S 28.2° N 25.1° N 44.9° S 43.6° S 43.6° S 30.9° N 33.1° N 22.6° S 21.8° S 23.0° S 21.0° S 20.1° S 19.9° S 22.1° S 19.4° S 23.1° S 23.6° S 19.3° S 38.1° S 38.3° S 37.4° S 38.9° S 38.2° S 38.3° S 18.7° N 23.2° S 23.3° S 23.5° S 27.4° N 86.1° N 23.6° N 42.0° S 40.6° S 43.0° S 7.3° N 6.4° N 7.3° N 7.7° N 5.9° N 8.0° N 6.5° N 6.9° N

102.9° E 30.3° E 30.3° E 8.7° E 9.7° E 8.1° E 9.6° E 10.1° E 10.3° E 10.3° E 77.0° E 20.1° W 20.1° W 19.3° W 18.8° W 18.4° W 20.7° W 17.4° W 16.2° W 16.2° W 3.9° E 3.1° E 4.5° E 124.9° E 122.9° E 37.0° W 25.4° W 105.1° W 104.4° W 105.5° W 140.7° E 139.5° E 19.8° E 19.6° E 21.1° E 18.5° E 18.0° E 19.9° E 20.2° E 20.0° E 20.7° E 19.3° E 122.6° E 4.9° E 3.5° E 4.1° E 4.4° E 6.2° E 6.6° E 126.0° W 135.1° E 137.3° E 133.8° E 9.4° W 40.0° E 21.3° E 177.9° W 175.8° W 175.3° W 63.4° E 65.1° E 65.8° E 66.5° E 64.4° E 63.6° E 61.8° E 61.9° E

3 0 7 69 21 30 14 31 12 7 39 12 10 3 4 5 4 4 3 4 36 4 4 63 14 6 1 38 19 21 23 23 38 17 11 14 13 7 5 7 5 37 183 65 30 10 7 7 6 151 35 16 17 9 18 4 72 26 33 56 8 14 13 11 9 9 9

100 43 43 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 144 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 95 95 95 130 130 39 40 123 123 123 48 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 101 112 112 112 112 112 112 53 102 102 102 41 1 42 120 120 120 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62

Firmicus H Firmicus M Firsov Firsov K Firsov P Firsov Q Firsov S Firsov T Firsov V Fischer Fitzgerald Fitzgerald B Fitzgerald W Fitzgerald Y Fizeau Fizeau C Fizeau F Fizeau G Fizeau Q Fizeau S Flag Flammarion Flammarion A Flammarion B Flammarion C Flammarion D Flammarion T Flammarion U Flammarion W Flammarion X Flammarion Y Flammarion Z Flamsteed Flamsteed A Flamsteed B Flamsteed C Flamsteed D Flamsteed E Flamsteed F Flamsteed G Flamsteed H Flamsteed J Flamsteed K Flamsteed L Flamsteed M Flamsteed P Flamsteed S Flamsteed T Flamsteed U Flamsteed X Flamsteed Z Flank Fleming Fleming D Fleming N Fleming W Fleming Y Florensky Florey Focas Focas U Fontana Fontana A Fontana B Fontana C Fontana D Fontana E Fontana F Fontana G Fontana H Fontana K Fontana M Fontana W Fontana Y Fontenelle Fontenelle A Fontenelle B Fontenelle C Fontenelle D Fontenelle F Fontenelle G Fontenelle H Fontenelle K Fontenelle L Fontenelle M Fontenelle N Fontenelle P Fontenelle R Fontenelle S Fontenelle T

7.5° N 4.1° N 4.5° N 3.1° N 2.9° N 2.3° N 3.6° N 4.1° N 5.1° N 8.0° N 27.5° N 29.1° N 28.7° N 31.0° N 58.6° S 56.1° S 58.2° S 59.2° S 59.8° S 58.7° S 9.0° S 3.4° S 1.9° S 4.0° S 2.0° S 3.0° S 2.9° S 3.0° S 2.1° S 2.9° S 3.7° S 2.2° S 4.5° S 7.9° S 5.9° S 5.5° S 3.2° S 3.7° S 4.7° S 4.8° S 5.9° S 6.6° S 3.1° S 3.4° S 2.4° S 3.2° S 3.4° S 3.1° S 3.6° S 2.3° S 1.3° S 3.7° S 15.0° N 17.0° N 12.7° N 18.0° N 18.2° N 25.3° N 86.8° N 33.7° S 32.7° S 16.1° S 15.7° S 15.5° S 12.8° S 17.0° S 17.6° S 16.2° S 16.0° S 14.0° S 13.2° S 17.2° S 17.2° S 16.7° S 63.4° N 67.5° N 61.9° N 64.4° N 62.5° N 64.4° N 59.5° N 64.1° N 69.6° N 66.5° N 63.1° N 64.0° N 64.1° N 64.3° N 65.3° N 66.3° N

60.3° E 67.2° E 112.2° E 113.0° E 111.1° E 110.0° E 109.8° E 108.6° E 110.7° E 142.4° E 171.7° W 170.9° W 173.8° W 172.7° W 133.9° W 128.5° W 124.5° W 124.5° W 136.3° W 139.9° W 15.5° E 3.7° W 2.5° W 4.5° W 3.7° W 4.8° W 2.1° W 1.4° W 2.4° W 3.0° W 3.2° W 1.4° W 44.3° W 42.9° W 43.7° W 46.3° W 44.9° W 46.1° W 41.1° W 50.9° W 51.7° W 49.3° W 43.7° W 40.9° W 40.6° W 44.1° W 52.2° W 51.6° W 50.2° W 47.3° W 47.8° W 17.4° W 109.6° E 114.0° E 108.8° E 106.2° E 108.2° E 131.5° E 19.7° W 93.8° W 98.5° W 56.6° W 56.1° W 56.3° W 57.1° W 57.3° W 57.9° W 59.9° W 59.2° W 57.9° W 57.3° W 57.5° W 58.3° W 58.3° W 18.9° W 16.1° W 23.0° W 27.2° W 23.4° W 28.2° W 18.3° W 20.1° W 15.6° W 16.6° W 28.8° W 29.7° W 17.2° W 18.8° W 26.7° W 25.7° W

7 42 51 58 15 25 96 26 44 30 110 26 51 34 111 22 19 54 28 62 0 74 4 6 5 5 34 10 7 3 3 4 20 11 10 9 6 2 5 46 4 5 4 4 4 112 4 24 4 3 3 0 106 25 24 50 30 71 63.1 22 10 31 13 11 14 11 13 7 15 9 7 6 6 5 38 21 14 13 17 11 4 6 7 6 9 8 6 6 7 7

62 62 65 65 65 65 64 64 65 66 50 50 50 50 134 134 134 134 134 134 78 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 74 74 75 75 75 75 75 75 74 75 75 75 76 64 47 64 46 46 48 1 123 123 110 74 74 74 92 92 92 74 74 74 92 92 92 12 3 11 3 11 3 3 3 3 3 11 11 3 3 3 3

Fontenelle X – Gerard J

Feature Name Fontenelle X Foster Foster H Foster L Foster P Foster S Foucault Fourier Fourier A Fourier B Fourier C Fourier D Fourier E Fourier F Fourier G Fourier K Fourier L Fourier M Fourier N Fourier P Fourier R Fowler Fowler A Fowler C Fowler N Fowler R Fowler W Fox Fox A Fra Mauro Fra Mauro A Fra Mauro B Fra Mauro C Fra Mauro D Fra Mauro E Fra Mauro F Fra Mauro G Fra Mauro H Fra Mauro J Fra Mauro K Fra Mauro N Fra Mauro P Fra Mauro R Fra Mauro T Fra Mauro W Fra Mauro X Fra Mauro Y Fra Mauro Z Fracastorius Fracastorius A Fracastorius B Fracastorius C Fracastorius D Fracastorius E Fracastorius G Fracastorius H Fracastorius J Fracastorius K Fracastorius L Fracastorius M Fracastorius N Fracastorius P Fracastorius Q Fracastorius R Fracastorius S Fracastorius T Fracastorius W Fracastorius X Fracastorius Y Fracastorius Z Franck Franklin Franklin C Franklin F Franklin G Franklin H Franklin K Franklin W Franz Fraunhofer Fraunhofer A Fraunhofer B Fraunhofer C Fraunhofer D Fraunhofer E Fraunhofer F Fraunhofer G Fraunhofer H Fraunhofer J

Lat. 60.5° N 23.7° N 23.2° N 21.0° N 20.2° N 22.9° N 50.4° N 30.3° S 30.2° S 30.5° S 28.5° S 31.5° S 28.7° S 28.8° S 29.4° S 30.0° S 30.2° S 30.4° S 33.5° S 31.0° S 34.2° S 42.3° N 46.3° N 45.0° N 40.1° N 42.2° N 46.0° N 0.5° N 1.5° N 6.1° S 5.4° S 4.0° S 5.4° S 4.8° S 6.0° S 6.7° S 2.2° S 4.1° S 2.6° S 2.5° S 5.3° S 5.4° S 2.2° S 2.1° S 1.3° S 4.5° S 4.1° S 3.8° S 21.5° S 24.4° S 22.5° S 24.6° S 21.8° S 20.2° S 21.2° S 20.7° S 20.8° S 25.4° S 20.6° S 21.7° S 23.2° S 25.5° S 25.1° S 23.8° S 19.0° S 19.8° S 22.6° S 23.0° S 23.0° S 24.8° S 22.6° N 38.8° N 35.7° N 37.5° N 40.1° N 37.1° N 39.1° N 37.8° N 16.6° N 39.5° S 39.6° S 41.8° S 42.9° S 36.5° S 43.4° S 41.7° S 38.5° S 40.8° S 42.4° S

Long. 27.8° W 141.5° W 139.6° W 140.5° W 143.5° W 143.7° W 39.7° W 53.0° W 49.5° W 52.0° W 51.9° W 50.4° W 50.1° W 52.7° W 51.7° W 54.2° W 52.6° W 53.1° W 56.4° W 54.9° W 51.2° W 145.0° W 145.0° W 141.9° W 146.1° W 150.1° W 150.2° W 98.2° E 98.3° E 17.0° W 20.9° W 21.7° W 21.6° W 17.6° W 16.8° W 16.9° W 16.3° W 15.5° W 18.6° W 16.7° W 17.4° W 16.5° W 15.6° W 19.3° W 16.8° W 17.3° W 16.7° W 14.6° W 33.2° E 36.5° E 37.2° E 34.6° E 30.9° E 31.0° E 38.3° E 30.6° E 37.4° E 34.7° E 33.2° E 32.9° E 34.0° E 33.3° E 33.2° E 33.7° E 31.9° E 37.4° E 35.7° E 31.1° E 32.0° E 33.6° E 35.5° E 47.7° E 44.3° E 47.7° E 48.1° E 43.7° E 51.4° E 43.7° E 40.2° E 59.1° E 61.7° E 67.3° E 64.7° E 55.8° E 61.7° E 59.8° E 58.3° E 61.7° E 63.6° E

D 7 33 25 32 36 36 23 51 32 11 14 21 14 14 11 10 5 4 10 9 9 146 52 32 39 18 31 24 13 101 9 7 7 5 4 3 6 6 3 6 3 3 3 3 4 20 4 5 112 18 27 16 28 13 16 21 12 17 5 4 10 8 8 5 5 14 7 7 12 9 12 56 15 38 7 6 20 6 25 56 29 36 38 17 42 16 11 43 63

LAC 11 52 52 52 52 52 11 92 93 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 110 92 110 34 52 52 52 52 52 64 64 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 43 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 43 114 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115

Fraunhofer K Fraunhofer L Fraunhofer M Fraunhofer N Fraunhofer R Fraunhofer S Fraunhofer T Fraunhofer U Fraunhofer V Fraunhofer W Fraunhofer X Fraunhofer Y Fraunhofer Z Fredholm Freud Freundlich Freundlich G Freundlich Q Freundlich R Friedmann Friedmann C Froelich Froelich M Frost Frost N Fryxell (Golitsyn B) Furnerius Furnerius A Furnerius B Furnerius C Furnerius D Furnerius E Furnerius F Furnerius G Furnerius H Furnerius J Furnerius K Furnerius L Furnerius N Furnerius P Furnerius Q Furnerius R Furnerius S Furnerius T Furnerius U Furnerius V Furnerius W Furnerius X Furnerius Y Furnerius Z

42.5° S 42.1° S 40.9° S 40.9° S 43.5° S 43.1° S 37.9° S 40.2° S 39.0° S 39.4° S 39.7° S 40.2° S 39.9° S 18.4° N 25.8° N 25.0° N 24.5° N 22.7° N 23.8° N 12.6° S 10.5° S 80.3° N 77.6° N 37.7° N 35.0° N 21.3° S

69.3° E 68.8° E 65.6° E 64.4° E 68.7° E 69.9° E 55.7° E 65.1° E 58.0° E 62.8° E 60.6° E 63.0° E 63.9° E 46.5° E 52.3° W 171.0° E 173.5° E 167.4° E 167.8° E 126.0° W 124.5° W 109.7° W 109.3° W 118.4° W 119.2° W 101.4° W

16 8 21 12 11 13 8 24 24 18 6 13 14 14 2 85 25 17 20 102 36 58 29 75 43 18

115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 43 38 50 50 49 49 89 89 1 9 35 35 108

36.0° S 33.5° S 35.5° S 33.7° S 37.0° S 34.8° S 36.2° S 38.25 37.6° S 34.8° S 38.1° S 38.6° S 33.6° S 38.0° S 39.5° S 39.9° S 39.1° S 37.8° S 35.7° S 35.7° S 37.1° S 33.9° S 34.3° S 33.5° S

60.6° E 59.0° E 59.9° E 57.8° E 55.9° E 57.1° E 64.0° E 65.4° E 69.5° E 64.2° E 68.1° E 69.9° E 61.1° E 61.8° E 67.3° E 69.1° E 68.0° E 63.1° E 68.2° E 65.6° E 71.1° E 63.6° E 65.2° E 63.0° E

135 12 22 22 16 22 43 34 44 24 36 13 9 18 30 17 15 10 20 58 32 8 12 8

115 115 115 114 114 114 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115

G. Bond G. Bond A G. Bond B G. Bond C G. Bond G G. Bond K Gadomski Gadomski A Gadomski X Gagarin Gagarin G Gagarin M Gagarin T Gagarin Z Galen (Aratus A) Galilaei Galilaei A Galilaei B Galilaei D Galilaei E Galilaei F Galilaei G Galilaei H Galilaei J Galilaei K Galilaei L Galilaei M Galilaei S Galilaei T Galilaei V Galilaei W Galle Galle A Galle B Galle C Galois Galois A Galois B

32.4° N 31.6° N 29.9° N 28.2° N 32.8° N 32.1° N 36.4° N 38.6° N 37.8° N 20.2° S 20.5° S 23.5° S 19.4° S 15A° S 21.9° N 10.5° N 11.7° N 11.4° N 8.7° N 14.0° N 12.3° N 12.7° N 11.5° N 13.0° N 13.0° N 13.2° N 13.3° N 15.4° N 16.2° N 17.1° N 17.8° N 55.9° N 53.9° N 55.4° N 57.8° N 14.2° S 14.0° S 11.3° S

36.2° E 36.8° E 34.7° E 34.8° E 37.3° E 38.3° E 147.3° W 145.9° W 148.3° W 149.2° E 150.5° E 149.2° E 144.5° E 149.4° E 5.0° E 62.7° W 62.9° W 67.6° W 62.7° W 61.8° W 66.2° W 67.1° W 68.7° W 61.9° W 62.7° W 58.5° W 56.8° W 64.7° W 61.4° W 60.3° W 60.5° W 22.3° E 22.3° E 17.4° E 24.5° E 151.9° W 152.5° W 151.8° W

20 9 33 46 31 14 65 32 35 265 14 19 24 29 10 15 11 15 1 7 3 1 7 4 3 3 3 2 2 3 4 21 6 7 11 222 54 20

27 43 43 43 27 27 34 34 34 102 103 102 102 102 41 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 38 38 38 11 13 13 13 87 87 87

Galois C Galois F Galois H Galois L Galois M Galois Q Galois S Galois U Galvani Galvani B Galvani D Gambart Gambart A Gambart B Gambart C Gambart D Gambart E Gambart F Gambart G Gambart H Gambart J Gambart K Gambart L Gambart M Gambart N Gambart R Gambart S Gamow Gamow A Gamow B Gamow U Gamow V Gamow Y Ganswindt Garavito Garavito C Garavito D Garavito Q Garavito Y Gardner (Vitruvius A) Gartner Gartner A Gartner C Gartner D Gartner E Gartner F Gartner G Gartner M Gassendi Gassendi A Gassendi B Gassendi E Gassendi F Gassendi G Gassendi J Gassendi K Gassendi L Gassendi M Gassendi N Gassendi O Gassendi P Gassendi R Gassendi T Gassendi W Gassendi Y Gaston Gator Gaudibert Gaudibert A Gaudibert B Gaudibert C Gaudibert D Gaudibert H Gaudibert J Gauricus Gauricus A Gauricus B Gauricus C Gauricus D Gauricus E Gauricus F Gauricus G Gauricus H Gauricus J Gauricus K Gauricus L Gauricus M Gauricus N Gauricus P

12.4° S 13.9° S 15.2° S 15.5° S 16.1° S 15.2° S 14.5° S 13.2° S 49.6° N 49.5° N 47.8° N 1.0° N 1.0° N 2.2° N 3.3° N 3.4° N 1.0° N 0.1° N 1.9° N 3.2° N 0.7° S 3.9° N 3.3° N 5.4° N 0.5° S 0.6° S 0.1° S 65.3° N 67.3° N 66.4° N 66.7° N 66.3° N 67.8° N 79.6° S 47.5° S 45.0° S 46.6° S 49.6° S 45.5° S 17.7° N

150.5° W 146.4° W 150.9° W 152.0° W 152.4° W 154.7° W 154.9° W 154.7° W 84.6° W 89.0° W 88.3° W 15.2° W 18.7° W 11.5° W 11.8° W 17.7° W 17.2° W 16.9° W 12.0° W 10.6° W 18.2° W 14.2° W 15.3° W 11.7° W 14.9° W 20.8° W 13.2° W 145.3° E 148.8° E 149.5° E 137.0° E 139.7° E 143.9° E 110.3° E 156.7° E 159.0° E 158.8° E 153.6° E 155.6° E 33.8° E

22 13 19 51 18 132 18 35 80 15 13 25 12 11 12 6 4 5 6 4 7 4 4 4 5 4 3 129 31 26 39 49 27 74 74 25 33 42 52 18

87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 9 21 36 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 76 58 58 58 76 76 76 7 7 7 6 6 6 140 119 119 119 131 119 43

59.1° N 60.7° N 59.4° N 58.5° N 61.5° N 57.5° N 59.5° N 55.5° N 17.6° S 15.5° S 14.7° S 18.4° S 15.0° S 16.8° S 21.6° S 18.7° S 20.4° S 18.6° S 18.0° S 21.9° S 17.2° S 21.9° S 19.0° S 17.6° S 20.8° S 30.9° N 9.0° S 10.9° S 12.2° S 12.3° S 11.5° S 10.5° S 13.8° S 11.1° S 33.8° S 35.6° S 35.3° S 35.2° S 35.1° S 32.5° S 33.0° S 33.9° S 38.1° S 32.3° S 33.3° S 34.0° S 34.4° S 32.4° S 35.1° S

34.6° E 37.8° E 31.0° E 33.9° E 43.8° E 30.1° E 39.8° E 37.0° E 40.1° W 39.7° W 40.6° W 43.5° W 45.0° W 44.6° W 37.0° W 43.6° W 41.8° W 39.0° W 39.2° W 35.1° W 40.6° W 37.7° W 35.4° W 43.7° W 38.3° W 34.0° W 15.6° E 37.8° E 37.9° E 38.5° E 37.8° E 36.3° E 36.7° E 39.1° E 12.6° W 13.4° W 12.2° W 10.7° W 11.4° W 11.8° W 12.6° W 11.0° W 13.3° W 11.9° W 13.9° W 13.8° W 13.6° W 12.7° W 12.4° W

115 14 8 8 7 14 33 11 101 33 26 8 8 8 9 6 6 3 3 11 2 3 10 6 5 2 1 34 21 21 9 5 11 10 79 38 23 11 13 7 12 18 8 10 5 4 6 7 6

13 13 13 13 14 13 13 13 93 75 75 93 75 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 39 78 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112

Gauricus R Gauricus S Gauss Gauss A Gauss B Gauss C Gauss D Gauss E Gauss F Gauss G Gauss H Gauss J Gauss W Gavrilov Gavrilov A Gavrilov K Gay-Lussac Gay-Lussac A Gay-Lussac B Gay-Lussac C Gay-Lussac D Gay-Lussac F Gay-Lussac G Gay-Lussac H Gay-Lussac J Gay-Lussac N Geber Geber A Geber B Geber C Geber D Geber E Geber F Geber H Geber J Geber K Geiger Geiger K Geiger L Geiger R Geiger Y Geissler (Gilbert D) Geminus Geminus A Geminus B Geminus C Geminus D Geminus E Geminus F Geminus G Geminus H Geminus M Geminus N Geminus W Geminus Z Gemma Frisius Gemma Frisius A Gemma Frisius B Gemma Frisius C Gemma Frisius D Gemma Frisius E Gemma Frisius F Gemma Frisius G Gemma Frisius H Gemma Frisius J Gemma Frisius K Gemma Frisius L Gemma Frisius M Gemma Frisius O Gemma Frisius P Gemma Frisius Q Gemma Frisius R Gemma Frisius S Gemma Frisius T Gemma Frisius U Gemma Frisius W Gemma Frisius X Gemma Frisius Y Gemma Frisius Z Gerard Gerard A Gerard B Gerard C Gerard D Gerard E Gerard F Gerard G Gerard H Gerard J

34.8° S 33.9° S 35.7° N 36.5° N 35.9° N 39.7° N 39.3° N 35.3° N 34.8° N 34.2° N 33.2° N 40.6° N 34.5° N 17.4° N 19.6° N 15.0° N 13.9° N 13.2° N 16.2° N 15.4° N 14.6° N 14.0° N 13.8° N 13.4° N 11.7° N 12.6° N 19.4° S 21.8° S 19.0° S 22.1° S 19.3° S 20.5° S 19.9° S 17.9° S 20.0° S 17.5° S 14.6° S 16.0° S 16.3° S 15.7° S 12.7° S 2.6° S

13.3° W 10.1° W 79.0° E 82.7° E 81.2° E 72.1° E 73.8° E 77.6° E 78.3° E 78.6° E 77.1° E 72.6° E 80.2° E 130.9° E 131.9° E 132.5° E 20.8° W 20.4° W 21.1° W 22.5° W 21.0° W 19.6° W 18.9° W 23.2° W 21.7° W 20.9° W 13.9° E 14.7° E 13.0° E 14.9° E 11.9° E 12.9° E 13.2° E 12.5° E 15.9° E 10.6° E 158.5° E 159.9° E 159.3° E 156.5° E 158.1° E 76.5° E

6 15 177 18 37 29 24 8 20 18 11 14 18 60 26 38 26 15 3 5 5 5 5 5 3 2 44 14 19 11 5 6 5 4 4 5 34 11 6 40 29 16

112 112 28 29 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 48 48 48 58 58 40 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 85 103 103 85 85 81

34.5° N 31.5° N 34.2° N 33.9° N 30.6° N 33.5° N 32.1° N 30.8° N 31.6° N 31.9° N 31.4° N 34.3° N 30.7° N 34.2° S 35.8° S 35.5° S 35.6° S 34.3° S 37.2° S 35.8° S 33.2° S 32.4° S 35.1° S 37.4° S 34.8° S 34.3° S 32.5° S 31.8° S 35.8° S 37.1° S 35.2° S 34.9° S 34.5° S 36.9° S 34.7° S 37.4° S 35.1° S 44.5° N 45.1° N 46.4° N 45.9° N 46.2° N 44.5° N 43.8° N 45.7° N 44.5° N 46.9° N

56.7° E 51.8° E 52.3° E 58.7° E 47.4° E 48.5° E 51.1° E 48.6° E 48.9° E 48.5° E 47.7° E 47.4° E 46.7° E 13.3° E 15.2° E 17.1° E 18.8° E 10.9° E 12.8° E 10.3° E 11.4° E 12.2° E 18.1° E 11.0° E 11.8° E 12.5° E 12.9° E 12.8° E 14.8° E 15.3° E 15.1° E 16.4° E 16.8° E 13.3° E 15.8° E 13.5° E 9.6° E 80.0° W 82.3° W 88.3° W 79.2° W 79.9° W 81.0° W 82.3° W 88.3° W 87.0° W 88.7° W

85 15 10 16 16 67 22 14 15 11 24 6 26 87 68 41 35 28 19 9 37 28 12 10 6 5 6 4 9 5 6 8 8 15 15 28 10 90 17 14 27 5 5 5 22 13 10

27 44 27 27 43 43 44 43 43 43 43 43 43 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 22 22 36 22 22 22 22 36 36 36

299

Gerard K – Harriot A

Feature Name Gerard K Gerard L Gerard Q Inner Gerad Q Outer Gerasimovich Gerasimovich D Gerasimovich R Gernsback Gernsback H Gernsback J Gibbs Gibbs D Gilbert Gilbert D (Geissler) Gilbert J Gilbert K Gilbert M Gilbert N Gilbert P Gilbert S Gilbert U Gilbert V Gilbert W Gill Gill A Gill B Gill C Gill D Gill E Gill F Gill G Gill H Ginzel Ginzel G Ginzel H Ginzel L Gioja Giordano Bruno Glaisher Glaisher A Glaisher B Glaisher E Glaisher F Glaisher G Glaisher H Glaisher L Glaisher M Glaisher N Glaisher V Glaisher W Glauber Glazenap Glazenap E Glazenap F Glazenap P Glazenap S Glazenap V Glushko (Olbers A) Goclenius Goclenius A Goclenius B Goclenius U Goddard Goddard A Goddard B Goddard C Godin Godin A Godin B Godin C Godin D Godin E Godin G Goldschmidt Goldschmidt A Goldschmidt B Goldschmidt C Goldschmidt D Golgi (Schiaparelli D) Golitsyn Golitsyn B Golitsyn J Golovin Golovin C Goodacre Goodacre B Goodacre C

300

Lat. 44.0° N 43.2° N 46.7° N 46.7° N 22.9° S 22.3° S 24.1° S 36.5° S 38.2° S 37.7° S 18.4° S 13.1° S 3.2° S 2.6° S 4.3° S 5.5° S 1.9° S 1.3° S 0.9° S 1.9° S 1.4° S 1.5° S 1.1° S 63.9° S 63.6° S 61.7° S 62.2° S 63.4° S 63.3° S 63.8° S 63.5° S 63.9° S 14.3° N 13.7° N 12.7° N 13.1° N 83.3° N 35.9° N 13.2° N 12.9° N 12.6° N 12.7° N 13.7° N 12.4° N 13.8° N 13.4° N 13.1° N 13.1° N 11.1° N 12.4° N 11.5° N 1.6° S 1.4° S 1.5° S 5.0° S 21° S 0.6° S 8.4° N

Long. 77.2° W 76.4° W 84.1° W 84.1° W 122.6° W 121.6° W 125.9° W 99.7° E 103.5° E 101.9° E 84.3° E 85.9° E 76.0° E 76.5° E 72.7° E 73.2° E 78.3° E 77.2° E 75.6° E 75.6° E 81.4° E 79.9° E 78.9° E 75.9° E 72.9° E 69.9° E 67.4° E 79.8° E 70.4° E 65.1° E 68.2° E 70.2° E 97.4° E 100.2° E 100.1° E 97.8° E 2.0° E 102.8° E 49.5° E 50.7° E 50.1° E 49.2° E 50.0° E 49.5° E 49.6° E 48.8° E 48.6° E 47.5° E 49.9° E 47.6° E 142.6° E 137.6° E 139.0° E 139.7° E 136.0° E 134.3° E 136.0° E 77.6° W

D 7 4 67 191 86 26 55 48 43 18 76 13 112 16 38 38 31 33 18 19 9 15 19 66 13 31 30 15 13 23 32 8 55 42 50 28 41 22 15 19 18 21 7 20 5 7 5 7 12 46 15 43 14 11 57 28 22 43

LAC 22 22 22 22 107 107 107 116 116 116 99 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 129 129 128 128 129 129 128 128 129 64 64 64 64 1 29 61 62 62 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 66 84 84 84 84 84 84 55

10.0° S 6.9° S 9.2° S 9.3° S 14.8° N 17.0° N 16.0° N 16.5° N 1.8° N 2.7° N 0.7° N 1.5° N 1.0° N 1.7° N 1.9° N 73.2° N 72.5° N 70.6° N 71.1° N 75.3° N 27.8° N

45.0° E 50.4° E 44.4° E 50.1° E 89.0° E 89.6° E 86.8° E 85.1° E 10.2° E 9.7° E 9.8° E 8.4° E 8.3° E 12.4° E 11.0° E 3.8° W 2.5° W 6.7° W 6.0° W 7.7° W 60.0° W

72 12 7 22 89 12 12 49 34 9 12 4 5 4 7 113 7 10 7 14 5

79 80 79 80 63 45 45 45 60 59 59 59 59 60 60 3 3 3 3 3 38

25.1° S 21.3° S 27.6° S 39.9° N 40.8° N 32.7° S 31.8° S 32.3° S

105.0° W 101.4° W 103.0° W 161.1° E 163.1° E 14.1° E 13.7° E 14.2° E

36 18 20 37 16 46 9 5

108 108 108 32 32 113 96 113

Goodacre D Goodacre E Goodacre F Goodacre G Goodacre H Goodacre K Goodacre P Gore Gould Gould A Gould B Gould M Gould N Gould P Gould U Gould X Gould Y Gould Z Grace Grachev Graff Graff A Graff U Grave Greaves (Lick D) Green Green M Green P Green Q Green R Gregory Gregory K Gregory Q Grigg Grigg P Grignard Grimaldi Grimaldi A Grimaldi B Grimaldi C Grimaldi D Grimaldi E Grimaldi F Grimaldi G Grimaldi H Grimaldi J Grimaldi L Grimaldi M Grimaldi N Grimaldi P Grimaldi Q Grimaldi R Grimaldi S Grimaldi T Grimaldi X Grissom Grissom K Grissom M Grotrian Grotrian X Grove Grove Y Gruemberger Gruemberger A Gruemberger B Gruemberger C Gruemberger D Gruemberger E Gruemberger F Gruithuisen Gruithuisen B Gruithuisen E Gruithuisen F Gruithuisen G Gruithuisen H Gruithuisen K Gruithuisen M Gruithuisen P Gruithuisen R Gruithuisen S Guericke Guericke A Guericke B Guericke C (Kundt) Guericke D Guericke E Guericke F Guericke G Guericke H Guericke J

33.4° S 32.9° S 31.9° S 33.3° S 32.8° S 30.9° S 34.0° S 86.2° N 19.2° S 19.2° S 20.5° S 17.7° S 18.4° S 18.8° S 18.2° S 20.9° S 20.6° S 19.5° S 14.2° N 3.7° S 42.4° S 41.2° S 42.1° S 17.1° S 13.2° N 4.1° N 0.9° N 1.0° N 2.8° N 3.4° N 2.2° N 0.4° S 0.6° N 12.9° N 11.4° N 84.5° N 5.5° S 5.4° S 2.9° S 2.6° S 3.7° S 3.7° S 4.0° S 7.4° S 4.9° S 2.9° S 8.5° S 8.0° S 7.6° S 8.0° S 4.8° S 8.5° S 6.4° S 7.7° S 5.8° S 47.0° S 49.5° S 49.1° S 66.5° S 64.5° S 40.3° N 37.4° N 66.9° S 67.2° S 64.6° S 65.9° S 68.1° S 63.6° S 62.9° S 32.9° N 35.6° N 37.3° N 36.3° N 36.6° N 33.3° N 35.3° N 36.9° N 37.1° N 37.1° N 37.5° N 11.5° S 11.1° S 14.5° S 11.5° S 12.0° S 10.0° S 12.2° S 14.0° S 12.4° S 10.6° S

15.0° E 15.5° E 14.6° E 13.9° E 16.1° E 13.5° E 16.7° E 62.2° W 17.2° W 17.0° W 18.4° W 17.2° W 17.6° W 16.6° W 14.9° W 16.9° W 15.8° W 15.1° W 35.9° E 108.2° W 88.6° W 86.1° W 90.7° W 150.3° E 52.7° E 132.9° E 132.9° E 131.8° E 131.7° E 131.0° E 127.2° E 128.5° E 125.7° E 129.4° W 131.1° W 75.8° W 68.3° W 71.2° W 69.2° W 61.5° W 65.5° W 64.4° W 62.7° W 64.9° W 71.4° W 70.6° W 66.7° W 67.0° W 66.6° W 68.3° W 64.8° W 71.2° W 65.0° W 70.9° W 72.3° W 147.4° W 145.7° W 147.7° W 128.3° E 125.5° E 32.9° E 31.7° E 10.0° W 11.8° W 9.0° W 15.3° W 14.4° W 7.1° W 6.3° W 39.7° W 38.8° W 44.3° W 37.9° W 43.9° W 38.4° W 42.7° W 43.2° W 40.5° W 45.3° W 45.6° W 14.1° W 17.3° W 15.3° W 11.5° W 14.6° W 12.0° W 15.3° W 15.0° W 14.2° W 13.4° W

8 6 5 16 4 11 22 9.4 34 3 3 41 17 8 2 3 3 2 1 35 36 21 20 40 13 65 37 21 16 33 67 26 68 36 32 13 172 15 22 10 22 13 29 13 9 16 19 18 8 10 21 9 11 12 9 58 26 38 37 20 28 3 93 20 31 13 5 9 7 15 9 8 4 6 6 6 7 11 7 7 63 5 16 11 8 4 21 5 6 8

113 113 96 113 113 96 113 1 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 61 90 123 109 123 102 62 66 66 66 66 66 65 83 83 71 70 1 74 73 74 74 74 74 74 74 73 73 74 74 74 74 74 73 74 73 73 121 133 133 140 140 26 26 137 137 137 137 137 137 137 23 23 23 24 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76

Guericke K Guericke M Guericke N Guericke P Guericke S Guillaume Guillaume B Guillaume D Guillaume F Guillaume J Gullstrand Gullstrand C Gum Gum S Gutenberg Gutenberg A Gutenberg B Gutenberg C Gutenberg D Gutenberg E Gutenberg F Gutenberg G Gutenberg H Gutenberg K Guthnick Guyot Guyot J Guyot K Guyot W Gylden Gylden C Gylden K

15.1° S 12.9° S 12.5° S 15.0° S 10.3° S 45.4° N 47.3° N 46.6° N 45.4° N 43.7° N 45.2° N 46.8° N 40.4° S 39.8° S 8.6° S 9.0° S 9.1° S 10.0° S 10.9° S 8.2° S 10.2° S 6.0° S 6.7° S 7.2° S 47.7° S 11.4° N 8.3° N 8.3° N 14.0° N 5.3° S 5.8° S 5.5° S

13.3° W 12.5° W 9.9° W 14.6° W 13.3° W 173.4° W 172.6° W 170.5° W 169.4° W 170.6° W 129.3° W 126.6° W 88.6° E 85.0° E 41.2° E 39.9° E 38.3° E 41.1° E 42.8° E 42.4° E 42.6° E 40.0° E 39.0° E 40.8° E 93.9° W 117.5° E 119.6° E 118.7° E 115.5° E 0.3° E 1.0° E 0.6° E

3 2 3 3 11 57 26 26 33 17 43 15 54 33 74 15 15 45 20 28 8 32 5 6 36 92 14 14 21 47 6 5

76 76 76 76 76 33 33 33 33 33 35 35 116 116 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 123 65 65 65 65 77 77 77

H. G. Wells 40.7° N H.G. Wells X 43.3° N Haber 83.4° N Hadley A (Joy) 25.0° N Hadley B 27.7° N (Santos-Dumont) Hadley C 25.5° N Hagecius 59.8° S Hagecius A 58.2° S Hagecius B 60.4° S Hagecius C 60.7° S Hagecius D 57.1° S Hagecius E 63.3° S Hagecius F 62.3° S Hagecius G 61.8° S Hagecius H 60.4° S Hagecius J 62.6° S Hagecius K 61.2° S Hagecius L 61.5° S Hagecius M 60.0° S Hagecius N 60.2° S Hagecius P 59.8° S Hagecius Q 59.2° S Hagecius R 58.7° S Hagecius S 59.0° S Hagecius T 60.6° S Hagecius V 61.9° S Hagen 48.3° S Hagen C 48.0° S Hagen J 49.0° S Hagen P 52.1° S Hagen Q 50.0° S Hagen S 48.3° S Hagen V 47.1° S Hahn 31.3° N Hahn A 29.7° N Hahn B 31.4° N Hahn D 27.5° N Hahn E 27.7° N Hahn F 32.2° N Haidinger 39.2° S Haidinger A 38.6° S Haidinger B 39.2° S Haidinger C 39.0° S Haidinger F 38.7° S Haidinger G 39.6° S Haidinger J 37.9° S Haidinger M 37.4° S Haidinger N 39.4° S Haidinger P 38.5° S Hainzel 41.3° S Hainzel A 40.3° S Hainzel B 38.0° S Hainzel C 41.1° S Hainzel G 37.5° S Hainzel H 37.0° S Hainzel J 37.8° S

122.8° E 121.3° E 94.3° W 6.6° E 4.8° E

114 25 56.8 6 9

30 30 1 41 41

2.8° E 46.6° E 47.2° E 48.9° E 47.5° E 47.0° E 49.1° E 44.8° E 47.6° E 50.7° E 57.8° E 52.0° E 55.7° E 52.0° E 53.1° E 53.2° E 53.0° E 52.7° E 54.6° E 57.4° E 58.3° E 135.1° E 135.5° E 137.2° E 133.7° E 132.7° E 133.2° E 132.2° E 73.6° E 69.7° E 77.0° E 68.6° E 70.0° E 73.0° E 25.0° W 24.6° W 24.4° W 22.1° W 23.1° W 22.6° W 24.4° W 22.0° W 26.1° W 25.6° W 33.5° W 33.9° W 33.4° W 32.8° W 33.0° W 33.1° W 37.8° W

6 76 61 34 24 17 44 36 30 13 14 31 8 10 16 7 20 15 10 14 14 55 22 47 26 20 23 12 84 17 15 15 15 23 22 9 11 19 5 11 15 23 6 4 70 53 15 38 5 11 13

41 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 131 131 131 131 131 131 118 45 44 45 44 44 45 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 11 111 111 111 111 111 111

Hainzel K Hainzel L Hainzel N Hainzel O Hainzel R Hainzel S Hainzel T Hainzel V Hainzel W Hainzel X Hainzel Y Hainzel Z Haldane Hale Hale Q Halfway Hall Hall C Hall J Hall K Hall X Hall Y Halley Halley B Halley C Halley G Halley K Halo Hamilton Hamilton B Hanno Hanno A Hanno B Hanno C Hanno D Hanno E Hanno F Hanno G Hanno H Hanno K Hanno W Hanno X Hanno Y Hanno Z Hansen Hansen A Hansen B Hansky Hansky F Hansky H (Debus) Hansky K Hansky M Hansky S Hansteen Hansteen A Hansteen B Hansteen E Hansteen K Hansteen L Harden Harding Harding A Harding B Harding C Harding D Harding H Haret Haret C Haret Y Hargreaves Harkhebi Harkhebi H Harkhebi J Harkhebi K Harkhebi T Harkhebi U Harkhebi W Harlan (Marinus D) Harold Harpalus Harpalus B Harpalus C Harpalus E Harpalus G Harpalus H Harpalus S Harpalus T Harriot Harriot A

37.5° S 38.1° S 42.6° S 38.6° S 38.7° S 41.1° S 40.2° S 41.3° S 40.6° S 36.7° S 40.8° S 37.7° S 1.7° S 74.2° S 76.5° S 9.0° S 33.7° N 34.7° N 35.4° N 35.5° N 35.7° N 36.4° N 8.0° S 8.5° S 9.9° S 9.1° S 8.6° S 3.2° S 42.8° S 42.6° S 56.3° S 53.4° S 52.6° S 55.9° S 59.1° S 59.3° S 52.3° S 58.0° S 57.6° S 53.5° S 54.6° S 55.3° S 55.3° S 55.1° S 14.0° N 13.3° N 14.3° N 9.7° S 9.6° S 10.7° S 12.5° S 12.0° S 10.2° S 11.5° S 12.7° S 12.7° S 10.5° S 13.9° S 13.5° S 5.5° N 43.5° N 40.4° N 41.9° N 42.4° N 42.9° N 40.8° N 59.0° S 57.2° S 55.7° S 2.2° S 39.6° N 39.3° N 37.4° N 35.7° N 40.1° N 40.8° N 43.5° N

32.3° W 34.9° W 40.2° W 38.6° W 36° W 37.7° W 37.2° W 38.7° W 38.7° W 36.8° W 39.9° W 35.4° W 84.1° E 90.8° E 83.1° E 15.5° E 37.0° E 35.8° E 36.9° E 34.2° E 37.8° E 36.9° E 5.7° E 4.5° E 6.6° E 5.6° E 5.9° E 23.4° W 84.7° E 82.1° E 71.2° E 63.2° E 68.6° E 68.9° E 78.3° E 73.0° E 68.2° E 70.6° E 74.4° E 76.9° E 60.1° E 67.7° E 66.0° E 65.1° E 72.5° E 74.3° E 79.9° E 97.0° E 99.0° E 99.7° E 98.4° E 97.1° E 94.7° E 52.0° W 52.2° W 52.4° W 50.5° W 53.2° W 52.9° W 143.5° E 71.7° W 75.5° W 76.3° W 74.7° W 67.7° W 64.4° W 176.5° W 172.8° W 175.5° W 64.0° E 98.3° E 99.8° E 103.4° E 100.8° E 95.7° E 97.0° E 95.7° E

14 16 24 14 19 8 8 20 31 5 22 5 37 83 24 0 35 6 8 8 4 4 36 6 5 5 5 0 57 32 56 38 36 22 18 18 9 16 57 25 10 13 8 10 39 13 80 43 9 21 13 14 22 44 6 6 28 3 3 15 22 14 17 8 7 6 29 30 27 16 237 30 40 27 16 18 17

111 111 110 110 111 111 111 110 110 111 110 111 81 139 139 78 27 27 27 27 27 27 77 77 77 77 77 76 116 115 129 128 128 128 129 129 128 129 129 129 128 128 128 128 63 63 63 82 82 82 82 82 82 74 74 74 74 74 74 66 23 22 22 22 22 22 132 132 132 80 29 29 29 29 29 29 29

38.5° S 10.9° S 52.6° N 56.2° N 55.5° N 52.7° N 53.6° N 53.8° N 51.4° N 50.0° N 33.1° N 35.6° N

79.5° E 6.0° W 43.4° W 43.7° W 45.1° W 50.8° W 52.3° W 53.2° W 49.9° W 49.4° W 114.3° E 114.9° E

65 2 39 8 10 7 11 8 5 4 56 63

115 77 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 30 30

Harriot B – Hommel

Feature Name Harriot B Harriot W Harriot X Hartmann Hartmann K Hartwig Hartwig A Hartwig B Harvey Hase Hase A Hase B Hase D Haskin Hatanaka Hatanaka Q Hausen Hausen A (Chappe) Hausen B (Pilatre) Haworth Hayford Hayford E Hayford K Hayford L Hayford P Hayford T Hayford U Hayn Hayn A Hayn B Hayn C Hayn D Hayn E Hayn F Hayn G Hayn H Hayn J Hayn L Hayn M Hayn S Hayn T Head Healy Healy J Healy N Heaviside Heaviside B Heaviside C Heaviside D Heaviside E Heaviside F Heaviside K Heaviside N Heaviside Z Hecataeus Hecataeus A Hecataeus B Hecataeus C Hecataeus E Hecataeus J Hecataeus K Hecataeus L Hecataeus M Hecataeus N Hedervari (Amundsen A) Hedin Hedin A Hedin B Hedin C Hedin F Hedin G Hedin H Hedin K Hedin L Hedin N Hedin R Hedin S Hedin T Hedin V Hedin Z Heinrich (Timocharis A) Heinsius Heinsius A Heinsius B Heinsius C Heinsius D

Lat. 33.4° N 35.0° N 35.0° N 3.2° N 1.8° N 6.1° S 5.7° S 8.3° S 19.5° N 29.4° S 29.0° S 31.6° S 31.0° S 81.5° N 29.7° N 26.1° N 65.0° S 61.3° S

Long. 114.5° E 111.7° E 113.0° E 135.3° E 136.0° E 80.5° W 79.8° W 77.4° W 146.5° W 62.5° E 62.9° E 60.3° E 63.3° E 133.3° E 121.5° W 124.2° W 88.1° W 91.1° W

D 37 39 24 61 13 79 10 11 60 83 14 17 56 56 26 20 167 54

LAC 30 30 30 66 66 73 73 73 52 98 98 98 98 1 53 53 143 135

60.3° S 87.2° S 12.7° N 13.5° N 9.6° N 8.2° N 11.1° N 13.3° N 14.0° N 64.7° N 62.9° N 65.2° N 65.0° N 65.5° N 67.1° N 68.0° N 67.2° N 63.4° N 66.7° N 64.4° N 62.9° N 68.0° N 68.4° N 3.0° S 32.8° N 30.2° N 30.9° N 10.4° S 5.5° S 5.7° S 6.7° S 10.2° S 10.8° S 13.3° S 11.8° S 8.8° S 21.8° S 22.0° S 19.5° S 19.0° S 18.5° S 22.6° S 19.1° S 19.1° S 20.9° S 21.0° S 81.8° S

86.4° W 7.5° E 176.4° W 172.1° W 174.2° W 175.9° W 177.6° W 179.5° E 179.9° E 85.2° E 70.5° E 64.1° E 88.0° E 62.0° E 66.4° E 84.0° E 85.6° E 68.5° E 64.2° E 68.0° E 66.5° E 66.1° E 74.4° E 23.4° W 110.5° W 108.8° W 110.8° W 167.1° E 169.3° E 171.1° E 171.8° E 169.2° E 172.8° E 168.5° E 166.6° E 166.8° E 79.4° E 81.6° E 75.6° E 73.2° E 72.8° E 80.8° E 79.8° E 79.0° E 84.1° E 80.8° E 84.0° E

69 51.4 27 21 26 16 21 31 21 87 54 25 13 20 42 59 21 14 39 27 7 10 7 0 38 42 42 165 23 28 18 12 14 110 18 12 167 11 69 22 13 11 76 21 18 10 69

135 144 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 5 15 5 5 5 5 5 6 14 5 5 14 5 5 76 35 54 53 85 85 86 86 85 86 85 85 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 144

2.0° N 5.5° N 4.4° N 4.4° N 4.0° N 3.8° N 3.0° N 2.9° N 5.1° N 4.9° N 5.3° N 5.7° N 4.2° N 5.2° N 1.9° N 24.8° N

76.5° W 78.1° W 83.7° W 84.6° W 74.4° W 73.4° W 72.2° W 73.0° W 71.3° W 71.7° W 75.9° W 75.1° W 72.8° W 73.7° W 78.9° W 15.3° W

150 60 20 10 19 14 11 11 10 24 7 8 7 9 10 6

55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 40

39.5° S 39.7° S 40.0° S 40.6° S 38.8° S

17.7° W 17.6° W 18.6° W 17.9° W 20.7° W

64 20 23 23 7

111 111 111 111 111

Heinsius E Heinsius F Heinsius G Heinsius H Heinsius J Heinsius K Heinsius L Heinsius M Heinsius N Heinsius O Heinsius P Heinsius Q Heinsius R Heinsius S Heinsius T Heis Heis A Heis D Helberg Helberg C Helberg H Helicon Helicon B Helicon C Helicon E Helicon G Hell Hell A Hell B Hell C Hell E Hell H Hell J Hell K Hell L Hell M Hell N Hell P Hell Q Hell R Hell S Hell T Hell U Hell V Hell W Hell X Helmert Helmholtz Helmholtz A Helmholtz B Helmholtz D Helmholtz F Helmholtz H Helmholtz J Helmholtz M Helmholtz N Helmholtz R Helmholtz S Helmholtz T Henderson Henderson B Henderson F Henderson G Henderson Q Hendrix Hendrix M Henry Henry A Henry B Henry D Henry J Henry K Henry L Henry M Henry N Henry P Henry Freres Henry Freres C Henry Freres E Henry Freres G Henry Freres H Henry Freres R Henry Freres S Henyey Henyey U Henyey V Heraclides A Heraclides E Heraclides F Heraclitus

37.8° S 40.5° S 38.3° S 37.4° S 39.3° S 38.5° S 41.2° S 40.9° S 37.3° S 38.8° S 39.4° S 39.9° S 40.2° S 39.6° S 39.7° S 32.4° N 32.7° N 31.7° N 22.5° N 23.4° N 21.8° N 40.4° N 38.0° N 40.1° N 40.5° N 41.7° N 32.4° S 33.9° S 30.0° S 34.0° S 34.5° S 31.7° S 29.7° S 34.0° S 30.6° S 30.3° S 30.0° S 32.5° S 33.0° S 32.7° S 33.4° S 33.7° S 33.4° S 32.8° S 32.5° S 32.0° S 7.6° S 68.1° S 64.4° S 67.8° S 66.3° S 64.3° S 64.5° S 64.8° S 65.2° S 64.8° S 63.5° S 64.3 65.7° S 4.8° N 7.6° N 4.7° N 3.6° N 3.4° N 46.6° S 48.4° S 24.0° S 24.5° S 24.3° S 24.9° S 22.8° S 23.2° S 25.5° S 25.8° S 26.1° S 25.8° S 23.5° S 24.6° S 24.6° S 22.8° S 22.3° S 21.5° S 20.5° S 13.5° N 14.2° N 14.7° N 40.9° N 42.9° N 38.5° N 49.2° S

19.5° W 19.7° W 14.5° W 18.5° W 20.4° W 18.5° W 18.4° W 15.3° W 14.7° W 14.8° W 13.8° W 14.5° W 20.7° W 16.9° W 16.5° W 31.9° W 31.9° W 31.1° W 102.2° W 100.6° W 101.2° W 23.1° W 21.3° W 26.2° W 24.1° W 24.9° W 7.8° W 8.4° W 5.8° W 6.4° W 6.1° W 3.8° W 6.9° W 5.3° W 4.7° W 4.7° W 5.0° W 5.7° W 4.4° W 6.5° W 6.2° W 7.0° W 9.1° W 8.8° W 8.6° W 9.1° W 87.6° E 64.1° E 51.5° E 68.4° E 54.3° E 60.1° E 65.2° E 67.8° E 51.1° E 50.1° E 54.7° E 56.6° E 59.7° E 152.1° E 153.2° E 155.7° E 155.8° E 151.0° E 159.2° W 158.9° W 56.8° W 57.1° W 56.3° W 59.1° W 55.4° W 55.5° W 57.4° W 57.6° W 58.3° W 59.0° W 58.9° W 59.7° W 60.0° W 58.0° W 56.6° W 57.8° W 56.4° W 151.6° W 153.0° W 153.9° W 34.2° W 32.7° W 33.7° W 6.2° E

17 7 11 8 8 5 8 14 7 5 40 35 5 7 7 14 6 8 62 70 29 24 6 1 3 2 33 22 22 14 10 5 6 5 6 10 4 4 4 3 4 5 5 7 7 4 26 94 16 10 46 53 18 22 21 13 12 31 31 47 18 14 46 17 18 21 41 8 5 7 5 6 6 13 9 6 42 37 4 4 6 7 6 63 45 26 6 4 3 90

111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 112 112 111 111 111 24 24 39 54 54 54 24 24 24 24 24 112 112 95 112 112 95 95 112 95 95 95 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 81 139 138 139 138 139 139 139 138 138 138 139 139 67 67 67 67 67 120 133 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 69 69 69 48 48 48 126

Heraclitus A Heraclitus C Heraclitus D Heraclitus E Heraclitus K Hercules Hercules A Hercules B Hercules C Hercules D Hercules E Hercules F Hercules G Hercules H Hercules J Hercules K Herigonius Herigonius E Herigonius F Herigonius G Herigonius H Herigonius K Hermann Hermann A Hermann B Hermann C Hermann D Hermann E Hermann F Hermann H Hermann J Hermann K Hermann L Hermann R Hermann S Hermite Hermite A Hero Hero H Hero Y Herodotus Herodotus A Herodotus B Herodotus C Herodotus D (Raman) Herodotus E Herodotus G Herodotus H Herodotus K Herodotus L Herodotus N Herodotus R Herodotus S Herodotus T Herschel Herschel C Herschel D Herschel F Herschel G Herschel H Herschel J Herschel N Herschel X Hertz Hertzsprung Hertzsprung D Hertzsprung H Hertzsprung K Hertzsprung L Hertzsprung M Hertzsprung P Hertzsprung R Hertzsprung S Hertzsprung V Hertzsprung X Hertzsprung Y Hesiodus Hesiodus A Hesiodus B Hesiodus D Hesiodus E Hesiodus X Hesiodus Y Hesiodus Z Hess Hess M Hess W Hess Z Hess-Apollo

49.3° S 48.8° S 50.4° S 49.7° S 49.5° S 46.7° N 51.2° N 47.8° N 42.7° N 44.8° N 45.7° N 50.3° N 46.4° N 51.2° N 44.1° N 44.2° N 13.3° S 13.8° S 15.5° S 15.3° S 17.0° S 12.8° S 0.9° S 0.4° N 0.3° S 0.2° S 2.3° S 0.1° N 1.3° N 0.9° N 2.6° N 2.4° N 2.4° N 0.6° N 1.0° N 86.0° N 87.8° N 0.7° N 0.2° N 1.4° N 23.2° N 21.5° N 22.6° N 21.9° N 27.0° N

4.7° E 6.3° E 5.2° E 6.7° E 3.5° E 39.1° E 43.6° E 36.6° E 35.3° E 39.7° E 38.5° E 41.7° E 39.2° E 40.9° E 36.4° E 36.9° E 33.9° W 35.6° W 35.0° W 32.4° W 33.2° W 36.4° W 57.0° W 58.2° W 57.1° W 60.6° W 54.0° W 52.0° W 55.4° W 61.8° W 57.4° W 58.3° W 59.1° W 55.6° W 55.5° W 89.9° W 47.1° W 119.8° E 120.7° E 119.7° E 49.7° W 52.0° W 55.4° W 55.0° W 55.1° W

6 7 52 7 17 69 33 9 9 8 9 14 14 7 8 7 15 7 5 3 4 3 15 4 5 3 3 4 5 4 4 3 3 3 4 104 20 24 20 15 34 10 6 5 11

126 126 126 126 126 27 14 27 27 27 27 14 27 14 27 27 75 75 75 75 93 75 74 56 74 74 74 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 1 1 65 65 65 39 38 38 38 38

29.5° N 24.7° N 26.8° N 24.5° N 26.1° N 23.7° N 27.3° N 27.7° N 27.9° N 5.7° S 5.0° S 5.3° S 5.8° S 6.5° S 6.3° S 6.4° S 5.2° S 5.3° S 13.4° N 2.6° N 3.3° N 1.3° S 0.5° S 0.4° N 7.5° S 0.0° N 0.1° S 0.6° N 5.2° N 3.8° N 8.8° N 29.4° S 30.1° S 27.1° S 29.3° S 27.8° S 27.3° S 28.3° S 28.7° S 54.3° S 55.9° S 52.6° S 52.0° S 20.1° N

51.8° W 50.2° W 50.0° W 51.9° W 53.2° W 50.0° W 53.9° W 53.4° W 53.8° W 2.1° W 3.2° W 4.0° W 4.4° W 2.4° W 3.4° W 4.3° W 1.1° W 2.7° W 104.5° E 129.2° W 125.4° W 124.4° W 127.6° W 127.8° W 128.9° W 129.3° W 131.8° W 132.5° W 133.3° W 129.1° W 131.2° W 16.3° W 17.0° W 17.5° W 16.4° W 15.3° W 16.2° W 17.2° W 19.4° W 174.6° E 173.7° E 171.4° E 174.0° E 30.7° E

48 4 6 5 4 4 4 4 5 40 10 20 7 14 5 5 15 3 90 591 45 21 27 33 36 22 33 47 39 24 23 42 15 10 5 3 24 17 4 88 27 28 73 1

38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 64 71 71 89 89 71 89 71 88 70 70 71 71 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 132 132 132 132 43

Hevelius Hevelius A Hevelius B Hevelius D Hevelius E Hevelius J Hevelius K Hevelius L Hevesy Heymans Heymans D Heymans F Heymans T Heyrovsky Hilbert Hilbert A Hilbert E Hilbert G Hilbert H Hilbert L Hilbert S Hilbert W Hilbert Y Hill Hind Hind C Hinshelwood Hippalus Hippalus A Hippalus B Hippalus C Hippalus D Hipparchus Hipparchus B Hipparchus C Hipparchus D Hipparchus E Hipparchus F Hipparchus G Hipparchus H Hipparchus J Hipparchus K Hipparchus L Hipparchus N Hipparchus P Hipparchus Q Hipparchus T Hipparchus U Hipparchus W Hipparchus X Hipparchus Z Hippocrates Hippocrates Q Hirayama Hirayama C Hirayama F Hirayama G Hirayama K Hirayama L Hirayama M Hirayama N Hirayama Q Hirayama S Hirayama T Hirayama Y Hoffmeister Hoffmeister D Hoffmeister F Hoffmeister N Hoffmeister Z Hogg Hogg E Hogg K Hogg P Hogg T Hohmann Hohmann Q Hohmann T Holden Holden R Holden S Holden T Holden V Holden W Holetschek Holetschek N Holetschek P Holetschek R Holetschek Z Hommel

2.2° N 2.9° N 1.4° N 3.1° N 2.9° N 0.7° N 1.5° N 2.0° N 83.1° N 75.3° N 76.8° N 75.0° N 75.2° N 39.6° S 17.9° S 15.9° S 160° S 19.0° S 18.2° S 21.2° S 18.1° S 17.1° S 15.6° S 20.9° N 7.9° S 8.7° S 89.4° N 24.8° S 23.8° S 25.1° S 24.1° S 23.6° S 5.1° S 6.9° S 7.3° S 4.5° S 4.2° S 4.2° S 5.0° S 5.4° S 7.6° S 6.9° S 6.8° S 4.8° S 4.7° S 8.5° S 7.1° S 6.7° S 5.0° S 5.7° S 8.5° S 70.7° N 69.0° N 6.1° S 4.2° S 5.8° S 6.4° S 8.3° S 9.4° S 9.2° S 7.2° S 8.0° S 6.5° S 6.4° S 4.5° S 15.2° N 16.9° N 14.7° N 13.7° N 17.8° N 33.6° N 34.1° N 31.1° N 32.5° N 33.9° N 17.9° S 21.8° S 17.8° S 19.1° S 20.7° S 20.4° S 19.0° S 18.4° S 19.0° S 27.6° S 30.2° S 30.0° S 29.0° S 26.3° S 54.7° S

67.6° W 68.1° W 68.8° W 60.8° W 65.7° W 69.7° W 70.0° W 70.3° W 149.1° E 144.1° W 132.3° W 133.6° W 155.4° W 95.3° W 108.2° E 108.7° E 111.8° E 114.0° E 109.6° E 108.9° E 105.8° E 107.6° E 107.5° E 40.8° E 7.4° E 7.4° E 52.1° W 30.2° W 32.8° W 30.1° W 30.5° W 31.9° W 5.2° E 1.7° E 8.2° E 2.1° E 2.3° E 2.5° E 7.4° E 2.3° E 3.2° E 2.2° E 9.0° E 5.0° E 2.8° E 2.9° E 3.6° E 3.6° E 7.8° E 4.9° E 9.1° E 145.9° W 148.0° W 93.5° E 95.4° E 97.2° E 96.8° E 94.9° E 94.4° E 93.5° E 93.6° E 91.3° E 92.3° E 91.5° E 93.2° E 136.9° E 140.3° E 141.0° E 136.4° E 136.7° E 121.9° E 124.9° E 123.5° E 121.4° E 119.0° E 94.1° W 98.1° W 97.5° W 62.5° E 61.1° E 61.5° E 64.2° E 62.1° E 60.1° E 150.9° E 150.1° E 149.5° E 147.5° E 150.9° E 33.8° E

301

115 14 14 8 9 14 6 7 50 50 25 50 31 16 151 11 49 50 14 32 12 20 28 16 29 7 13.4 57 8 5 4 24 138 5 17 5 5 9 15 5 14 12 13 6 5 8 8 8 5 17 6 60 35 132 23 35 18 39 24 29 17 40 29 18 50 45 21 19 42 29 38 21 19 26 27 16 15 13 47 18 15 9 10 12 38 19 16 69 30 126

56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 1 8 8 8 8 123 100 82 101 101 100 100 100 100 82 43 77 77 1 93 93 93 93 93 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 8 8 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 66 48 66 66 48 30 30 47 30 30 108 108 108 98 98 98 98 98 98 103 103 102 102 103 127

Hommel A – Kekule S

Feature Name Hommel A Hommel B Hommel C Hommel D Hommel E Hommel F Hommel G Hommel H Hommel HA Hommel J Hommel K Hommel L Hommel M Hommel N Hommel O Hommel P Hommel Q Hommel R Hommel S Hommel T Hommel V Hommel X Hommel Y Hommel Z Hooke Hooke D Hopmann Horatio Hornsby Horrebow Horrebow A Horrebow B Horrebow C Horrebow D Horrebow G Horrocks Horrocks M Horrocks U Hortensius Hortensius A Hortensius B Hortensius C Hortensius D Hortensius E Hortensius F Hortensius G Hortensius H Houssay Houtermans Houzeau Houzeau P Houzeau Q Hubble Hubble C Huggins Huggins A Humason (Lichtenberg G) Humboldt Humboldt B Humboldt N Hume Hume A Hume Z Husband (Borman L) Hutton Hutton P Hutton W Huxley (Wallace B) Huygens A Hyginus Hyginus A Hyginus B Hyginus C Hyginus D Hyginus E Hyginus F Hyginus G Hyginus H Hyginus N Hyginus S Hyginus W Hyginus Z Hypatia Hypatia A Hypatia B Hypatia C

302

Lat. 53.7° S 55.3° S 54.8° S 55.8° S 59.0° S 58.4° S 58.1° S 52.6° S 52.0° S 53.5° S 55.5° S 56.1° S 59.8° S 59.3° S 58.5° S 56.9° S 56.1° S 52.6° S 56.6° S 57.6° S 53.5° S 60.9° S 60.4° S 59.8° S 41.2° N 40.7° N 50.8° S 20.2° N 23.8° N 58.7° N 59.2° N 58.7° N 56.9° N 57.9° N 59.7° N 4.0° S 4.0° S 3.2° S 6.5° N 4.4° N 5.3° N 6.0° N 5.4° N 5.2° N 7.1° N 8.1° N 5.9° N 83.1° N 9.4° S 17.1° S 19.7° S 19.0° S 22.1° N 19.6° N 41.1° S 40.6° S 30.7° N

Long. 34.3° E 37.0° E 29.6° E 32.5° E 31.0° E 32.0° E 27.4° E 30.9° E 30.5° E 27.9° E 27.0° E 27.9° E 27.5° E 28.8° E 28.2° E 31.7° E 38.4° E 32.6° E 36.2° E 26.3° E 33.5° E 32.2° E 30.8° E 30.4° E 54.9° E 55.8° E 160.3° E 30.7° E 12.5° E 40.8° W 40.4° W 42.7° W 36.0° W 38.7° W 41.7° W 5.9° E 7.6° E 4.8° E 28.0° W 30.7° W 29.5° W 26.7° W 32.3° W 25.4° W 25.6° W 26.1° W 31.1° W 98.5° E 87.2° E 123.5° W 125.0° W 124.7° W 86.9° E 85.3° E 1.4° W 2.2° W 56.6° W

D 51 33 53 28 14 21 30 43 8 18 16 18 7 14 6 34 29 11 22 22 13 6 4 4 36 19 88 0 3 24 25 13 5 5 8 30 5 4 14 10 6 7 6 15 6 4 6 26.7 29 71 25 18 80 50 65 11 4

LAC 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 27 27 132 43 42 11 11 11 11 11 11 77 77 77 58 57 58 58 57 58 58 58 57 1 81 107 107 107 45 45 112 112 38

27.0° S 30.9° S 26.0° S 4.7° S 3.8° S 3.6° S 40.3° S

80.9° E 83.7° E 80.5° E 90.4° E 90.6° E 90 4° E 147.9° W

189 21 14 23 25 14 29.2

99 99 99 82 82 82 121

37.3° N 35.7° N 39.1° N

168.7° E 167.4° E 166.7° E

50 42 23

32 32 32

20.2° N 19.7° N 7.8° N 6.3° N 7.6° N 7.7° N 11.4° N 8.7° N 8.0° N 11.0° N 6.0° N 10.5° N 6.4° N 9.7° N 8.0° N 4.3° S 4.9° S 4.6° S 0.9° S

4.5° W 1.9° W 6.3° E 5.7° E 5.1° E 8.3° E 4.3° E 8.5° E 8.6° E 6.0° E 7.0° E 7.4° E 8.0° E 7.7° E 9.5° E 22.6° E 22.2° E 21.3° E 20.8° E

4 6 9 8 6 5 5 4 4 4 4 11 29 22 28 40 16 5 15

41 41 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 78 78 78 78

Hypatia D Hypatia E Hypatia F Hypatia G Hypatia H Hypatia M Hypatia R

3.1° S 0.3° S 4.1° S 2.7° S 4.5° S 5.3° S 1.9° S

22.7° E 20.4° E 21.5° E 23.0° E 24.1° E 23.4° E 21.2° E

6 6 8 5 5 28 4

78 78 78 78 78 78 78

Ian Ibn Bajja Ibn Battuta Ibn Firnas Ibn Firnas E Ibn Firnas L Ibn Firnas Y (Melissa) Ibn Yunus Ibn-Rushd Icarus Icarus D Icarus E Icarus H Icarus J Icarus Q Icarus V Icarus X Ideler Ideler A Ideler B Ideler C Ideler L Ideler M Idel’son Idel’son L Il’in Ina Index Ingalls Ingalls G Ingalls M Ingalls U Ingalls V Ingalls Y Ingalls Z Inghirami Inghirami A Inghirami C Inghirami F Inghirami G Inghirami H Inghirami K Inghirami L Inghirami M Inghirami N Inghirami Q Inghirami S Inghirami T Inghirami W Innes Innes G Innes S Innes Z Ioffe Isabel Isaev Isaev N Isidorus Isidorus A Isidorus B Isidorus C Isidorus D Isidorus E Isidorus F Isidorus G Isidorus H Isidorus K Isidorus U Isidorus V Isidorus W Isis Ivan Izsak Izsak T

25.7° N 86° N 6.9° S 6.8° N 7.5° N 5.9° N 8.1° N

0.4° W 72.7° W 50.4° E 122.3° E 125.5° E 123.0° E 121.8° E

1 12 11 89 42 21 15

41 144 80 65 65 65 65

14.1° N 11.7° S 5.3° S 4.3° S 5.2° S 7.8° S 7.3° S 7.8° S 3.9° S 2.2° S 49.2° S 50.1° S 50.6° S 51.2° S 49.2° S 48.8° S 81.5° S 84.2° S 17.8° S 18.6° N 26.1° N 26.4° N 25.8° N 24.0° N 27.3° N 27.4° N 29.7° N 30.3° N 47.5° S 44.9° S 44.1° S 49.8° S 51.1° S 50.2° S 49.6° S 46.0° S 45.6° S 48.9° S 48.0° S 49.3° S 49.8° S 44.4° S 27.8° N 26.7° N 27.6° N 29.8° N 14.4° S 28.2° N 17.5° S 18.7° S 8.0° S 8.0° S 4.5° S 4.8° S 4.2° S 5.3° S 8.7° S 6.4° S 3.9° S 8.9° S 7.9° S 8.9° S 9.4° S 18.9° N 26.9° N 23.3° S 23.2° S

91.1° E 21.7° E 173.2° W 171.2° W 168.8° W 169.4° W 170.9° W 176.2° W 176.0° W 175.5° W 22.3° E 22.0° E 22.3° E 23.2° E 23.6° E 25.6° E 110.9° E 115.8° E 97.5° W 5.3° E 3.7° E 153.1° W 150.4° W 153.0° W 156.2° W 155.3° W 154.1° W 153.3° W 68.8° W 65.3° W 74.5° W 71.4° W 74.1° W 72.7° W 73.9° W 61.0° W 60.3° W 66.8° W 72.9° W 68.4° W 67.8° W 67.4° W 119.2° E 122.3° E 117.3° E 119.2° E 129.2° W 34.1° W 147.5° E 147.3° E 33.5° E 33.2° E 33.0° E 31.7° E 34.1° E 32.6° E 34.2° E 31.6° E 32.6° E 33.3° E 31.5° E 30.8° E 32.3° E 27.5° E 43.3° W 117.1° E 114.8° E

58 32 96 68 21 32 32 41 36 43 38 11 11 7 36 20 60 28 13 3 0 37 55 27 28 27 23 25 91 34 18 23 29 18 23 13 14 14 42 11 9 68 42 22 33 33 86 1 90 24 42 10 30 9 15 15 20 7 7 7 6 4 4 1 4 30 14

64 78 86 86 87 87 86 86 86 86 127 127 127 127 127 127 144 144 108 41 41 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 109 109 109 124 124 124 124 109 109 124 124 124 124 109 47 47 47 47 89 39 102 102 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 42 39 101 101

J. Herschel J. Herschel B J. Herschel C J. Herschel D J. Herschel F J. Herschel K

62.0° N 59.9° N 62.3° N 60.4° N 58.8° N 62.9° N

42.0° W 38.8° W 39.9° W 38.0° W 35.4° W 39.3° W

165 7 12 10 19 8

11 11 11 11 11 11

J. Herschel L J. Herschel M J. Herschel N J. Herschel P J. Herschel R Jackson Jackson Q Jackson X Jacobi Jacobi A Jacobi B Jacobi C Jacobi D Jacobi E Jacobi F Jacobi G Jacobi H Jacobi J Jacobi K Jacobi L Jacobi M Jacobi N Jacobi O Jacobi P Jacobi Q Jacobi R Jacobi S Jacobi T Jacobi U Jacobi W Jacobi Z Jansen Jansen B (Carrel) Jansen C (Beketov) Jansen D Jansen E Jansen F (Cajal) Jansen G Jansen H Jansen K Jansen L Jansen R Jansen T Jansen U Jansen W Jansen Y Jansky Jansky D Jansky F Jansky H Janssen Janssen B Janssen C Janssen D Janssen E Janssen F Janssen H Janssen J Janssen K Janssen L Janssen M Janssen N Janssen P Janssen Q Janssen R Janssen S Janssen T Janssen X Jarvis (Borman Z) Jeans Jeans B Jeans G Jeans N Jeans S Jeans U Jeans X Jeans Y Jehan Jenkins (Schubert Z) Jenner Jenner M Jenner X Jenner Y Jerik Joliot Joliot P Jomo

61.0° N 57.3° N 60.0° N 63.5° N 62.5° N 22.4° N 21.1° N 25.2° N 56.7° S 58.5° S 54.4° S 59.8° S 60.8° S 58.5° S 58.5° S 58.4° S 58.5° S 58.0° S 56.7° S 55.4° S 57.8° S 56.3° S 55.7° S 57.3° S 55.8° S 55.3° S 57.5° S 56.0° S 55.0° S 56.0° S 59.1° S 13.5° N 10.7° N 16.3° N

40.0° W 32.9° W 32.8° W 32.8° W 30.6° W 163.1° W 164.7° W 164.3° W 11.4° E 16.0° E 13.9° E 10.6° E 10.6° E 11.8° E 9.6° E 13.9° E 10.6° E 10.3° E 10.8° E 15.4° E 12.1° E 11.8° E 11.9° E 13.8° E 14.0° E 13.8° E 14.9° E 15.2° E 13.2° E 10.8° E 11.9° E 28.7° E 26.7° E 29.2° E

7 9 7 6 9 71 13 17 68 28 14 35 21 24 42 42 9 19 9 9 10 8 17 15 4 5 5 6 7 7 5 23 16 8

11 11 11 11 11 51 51 51 127 127 127 127 127 127 126 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 60 60 60

15.7° N 14.5° N 12.6° N 9.3° N 11.4° N 11.5° N 14.7° N 15.2° N 11.4° N 11.9° N 10.2° N 13.4° N 8.5° N 9.5° N 8.8° N 7.8° N 45.4° S 43.2° S 42.8° S 48.5° S 48.8° S 49.7° S 46.3° S 43.4° S 46.1° S 45.9° S 41.8° S 41.4° S 45.3° S 46.2° S 48.1° S 50.4° S 48.8° S 42.9° S 34.9° S

28.4° E 27.8° E 31.1° E 26.0° E 28.4° E 29.7° E 30.1° E 28.8° E 33.5° E 32.3° E 29.5° E 28.6° E 89.5° E 91.2° E 92.2° E 91.3° E 40.3° E 34.4° E 34.9° E 41.1° E 39.9° E 41.9° E 41.7° E 36.6° E 42.3° E 43.4° E 35.4° E 32.2° E 39.7° E 39.4° E 38.7° E 41.9° E 42.2° E 33.3° E 148.9° W

7 7 9 6 7 6 7 25 5 4 3 4 72 20 50 11 199 22 7 29 25 36 11 30 16 12 16 5 5 5 17 8 31 24 38

60 60 61 60 60 60 61 60 61 61 60 60 63 64 64 64 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 113 114 114 114 114 114 113 121

55.8° S 52.4° S 56.0° S 58.7° S 56.8° S 54.7° S 53.5° S 51.2° S 20.7° N 0.3° N

91.4° E 94.8° E 93.3° E 90.5° E 86.8° E 86.5° E 89.4° E 90.5° E 31.9° W 78.1° E

79 11 22 64 56 57 44 17 5 38

129 129 129 129 129 129 129 129 39 63

42.1° S 46.0° S 37.4° S 38.6° S 18.5° N 25.8° N 22.2° N 24.4° N

95.9° E 95.5° E 93.7° E 94.7° E 27.6° E 93.1° E 91.9° E 2.4° E

71 11 13 29 1 164 12 7

116 116 116 116 42 46 46 41

Jose Joule Joule K Joule L Joule T Joy (Hadley A) Jules Verne Jules Verne C Jules Verne G Jules Verne P Jules Verne R Jules Verne X Jules Verne Y Jules Verne Z Julienne Julius Caesar Julius Caesar A Julius Caesar B Julius Caesar C Julius Caesar D Julius Caesar F Julius Caesar G Julius Caesar H Julius Caesar J Julius Caesar P Julius Caesar Q

12.7° S 27.3° N 25.8° N 26.1° N 27.7° N 25.0° N 35.0° S 33.2° S 35.1° S 38.0° S 36.9° S 32.1° S 31.3° S 32.5° S 26.0° N 9.0° N 7.6° N 9.8° N 7.3° N 7.2° N 11.5° N 10.2° N 8.8° N 9.2° N 11.2° N 12.9° N

1.6° W 144.2° W 141.9° W 144.1° W 148.2° W 6.6° E 147.0° E 149.7° E 150.0° E 145.1° E 140.9° E 145.2° E 146.0° E 146.8° E 3.2° E 15.4° E 14.4° E 14.0° E 15.4° E 16.5° E 12.9° E 15.7° E 13.6° E 13.8° E 14.1° E 14.0° E

2 96 16 69 37 5 143 30 42 62 49 15 30 20 2 90 13 7 5 5 19 20 3 3 37 32

77 52 52 52 52 41 118 118 118 118 118 118 102 118 41 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60

Kaiser Kaiser A Kaiser B Kaiser C Kaiser D Kaiser E Kaiser R Kamerlingh Onnes Kane Kane A Kane F Kane G Kant Kant B Kant C Kant D Kant G Kant H Kant N Kant O Kant P Kant Q Kant S Kant T Kant Z Kao Kapteyn Kapteyn A Kapteyn B Kapteyn C Kapteyn D Kapteyn E Kapteyn F Kapteyn K Kapteyn Z Karima Karpinsky Karpinsky J Karrer Kasper Kastner Kastner A Kastner B Kastner C Kastner E Kastner F Kastner G Kastner R Kastner S Katchalsky Kathleen Kearons Kearons U Keeler Keeler L Keeler S Keeler U Keeler V Kekule Kekule K Kekule M Kekule S

36.5° S 36.3° S 36.6° S 36.5° S 37.0° S 34.9° S 34.3° S 15.0° N

6.5° E 7.3° E 5.6° E 9.7° E 7.4° E 7.1° E 7.2° E 115.8° W

52 20 6 12 5 5 4 66

112 112 112 112 112 112 112 71

63.1° N 61.2° N 59.6° N 59.2° N 10.6° S 9.7° S 9.3° S 11.5° S 9.2° S 9.1° S 9.9° S 12.0° S 10.8° S 13.1° S 11.5° S 11.3° S 10.4° S 6.7° S 10.8° S 14.2° S 15.6° S 13.3° S 14.5° S 8.8° S 14.5° S 13.1° S 11.2° S 25.9° S 73.3° N 71.5° N 52.1° S 8.3° N 6.8° S 4.5° S 6.3° S 8.0° S 8.1° S 9.2° S 4.2° S 6.9° S 8.0° S 5.9° N 25.4° N 11.4° S 10.5° S 10.2° S 13.3° S 11.4° S 9.1° S 8.9° S 16.4° N 13.9° N 12.2° N 15.4° N

26.1° E 27.0° E 23.1° E 25.3° E 20.1° E 18.6° E 22.1° E 18.7° E 19.5° E 20.8° E 19.7° E 17.2° E 17.4° E 18.8° E 19.7° E 20.2° E 17.5° E 87.6° E 70.6° E 71.3° E 71.0° E 70.2° E 70.6° E 69.3° E 70.3° E 71.9° E 72.5° E 103.0° E 166.3° E 175.1° E 141.8° W 122.1° E 78.5° E 77.3° E 80.7° E 76.9° E 77.6° E 80.4° E 79.0° E 82.3° E 83.2° E 116.1° E 0.7° W 112.6° W 115.9° W 161.9° E 163.2° E 158.0° E 156.9° E 158.3° E 138.1° W 135.8° W 137.4° W 143.0° W

54 5 7 10 33 16 20 52 32 7 10 7 5 5 5 5 3 34 49 31 39 48 12 31 9 8 6 3 92 25 51 12 108 25 20 19 10 18 72 17 30 32 5 23 13 160 71 30 29 53 94 16 19 21

13 13 13 13 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 81 80 81 81 81 81 80 81 81 81 100 7 7 142 65 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 65 41 89 89 85 85 85 85 85 52 70 70 70

Kekule V – Lalande E

Feature Name Kekule V Keldysh Kelvin A Kelvin B Kelvin C Kelvin D Kelvin E Kelvin F Kelvin G Kepinski Kepinski C Kepinski N Kepinski W Kepler Kepler A Kepler B Kepler C Kepler D Kepler E Kepler F Kepler P Kepler T Khvol’son Khvol’son C Kibal’chich Kibal’chich H Kibal’chich Q Kibal’chich R Kidinnu Kidinnu E Kies Kies A Kies B Kies C Kies D Kies E Kiess Kimura Kinau Kinau A Kinau B Kinau C Kinau D Kinau E Kinau F Kinau G Kinau H Kinau J Kinau K Kinau L Kinau M Kinau N Kinau P Kinau Q Kinau R King King J King Y Kira Kirch Kirch E Kirch F Kirch G Kirch H Kirch K Kirch M Kircher Kircher A Kircher B Kircher C Kircher D Kircher E Kircher F Kirchhoff Kirchhoff C Kirchhoff E Kirchhoff F Kirchhoff G Kirkwood Kirkwood T Kirkwood Y Kiva Klaproth Klaproth A Klaproth B Klaproth C Klaproth D Klaproth G Klaproth H

Lat. 18.4° N 51.2° N 27.5° S 27.6° S 27.6° S 27.9° S 26.7° S 26.7° S 26.2° S 28.8° N 30.2° N 26.6° N 30.1° N 8.1° N 7.2° N 7.8° N 10.0° N 7.4° N 7.4° N 8.3° N 12.2° N 9.0° N 13.8° S 13.5° S 3.0° N 2.0° N 0.7° S 0.6° N 35.9° N 36.3° N 26.3° S 28.3° S 28.7° S 26.0° S 24.9° S 28.7° S 6.4° S 57.1° S 60.8° S 62.1° S 61.6° S 60.6° S 60.6° S 60.1° S 62.1° S 61.5° S 59.8° S 59.6° S 58.6° S 59.3° S 60.4° S 61.4° S 61.4° S 62.4° S 59.9° S 5.0° N 3.2° N 6.5° N 17.6° S 39.2° N 36.5° N 38.0° N 37.4° N 39.0° N 39.2° N 39.5° N 67.1° S 66.1° S 65.0° S 66.9° S 67.5° S 69.1° S 66.1° S 30.3° N 30.3° N 30.7° N 31.5° N 29.8° N 68.8° N 69.4° N 72.2° N 8.6° S 69.8° S 68.2° S 72.0° S 69.1° S 70.2° S 68.6° S 69.4° S

Long. 142.0° W 43.6° E 31.5° W 32.1° W 32.5° W 33.1° W 31.7° W 35.6° W 33.9° W 126.6° E 128.0° E 126.2° E 124.9° E 38.0° W 36.1° W 35.3° W 41.8° W 41.9° W 43.9° W 39.0° W 34.0° W 34.6° W 111.4° E 111.9° E 146.5° W 144.2° W 149.0° W 150.1° W 122.9° E 124.5° E 22.5° W 22.7° W 21.9° W 26.1° W 18.5° W 22.7° W 84.0° E 118.4° E 15.1° E 20.0° E 19.2° E 20.5° E 18.5° E 20.0° E 13.5° E 12.7° E 19.7° E 16.0° E 18.1° E 18.8° E 14.3° E 15.5° E 17.4° E 21.1° E 11.6° E 120.5° E 121.8° E 119.8° E 132.8° E 5.6° W 6.9° W 6.0° W 8.1° W 7.0° W 4.0° W 9.9° W 45.3° W 42.1° W 43.1° W 37.5° W 49.8° W 50.1° W 38.9° W 38.8° E 39.7° E 40.4° E 40.9° E 40.2° E 156.1° W 165.2° W 157.5° W 15.5° E 26.0° W 21.6° W 24.7° W 19.5° W 20.4° W 31.2° W 33.1° W

D 67 33 8 7 5 7 4 4 3 31 20 40 25 31 11 7 11 10 6 7 4 3 54 15 92 40 25 29 56 60 45 16 9 5 6 6 63 28 41 35 8 30 27 7 10 25 6 5 10 11 12 7 5 11 61 76 14 48 3 11 3 4 3 3 3 3 72 29 12 11 39 20 10 24 23 26 23 22 67 19 19 1 119 30 11 8 8 30 41

LAC 50 14 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 47 47 47 47 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 83 83 70 70 88 69 30 30 94 94 94 94 94 94 81 130 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 65 65 65 102 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 136 136 136 136 136 136 136 43 43 43 43 43 8 8 8 78 137 137 137 137 137 137 137

Klaproth L Klein Klein A Klein B Klein C Kleymenov Klute Klute M Klute W Klute X Knox-Shaw Koch Koch R Koch U Kocher Kohlschutter Kohlschutter N Kohlschutter Q Kohlschutter W Kolhorster Komarov Kondratyuk Kondratyuk Kondratyuk A Kondratyuk Q Konig Konig A Konoplev (Ellerman Q) Konstantinov Kopff Kopff A (Lallemand) Kopff B Kopff C Kopff D Kopff E Korolev Korolev B Korolev C Korolev D Korolev E Korolev F Korolev G Korolev L Korolev M Korolev P Korolev T Korolev V Korolev W Korolev X Korolev Y Kosberg Kostinsky Kostinsky B Kostinsky D Kostinsky E Kostinsky W Kovalevskaya Kovalevskaya D Kovalevskaya Q Koval’sky Koval’sky B Koval’sky D Koval’sky H Koval’sky M Koval’sky P Koval’sky Q Koval’sky U Koval’sky Y Kozyrev (Carver K) Krafft Krafft C Krafft D Krafft E Krafft H Krafft K Krafft L Krafft M Krafft U Kramarov (Lenz K) Kramers Kramers C Kramers M Kramers S Kramers U Krasnov Krasnov A

70.1° S 12.0° S 11.4° S 12.5° S 12.5° S 32.4° S 37.2° N 35.1° N 38.2° N 39.5° N 5.3° N 42.8° S 44.5° S 42.3° S 84.4° S 14.4° N 11.6° N 13.2° N 16.3° N 11.2° N 24.7° N 14.9° S 15.1° S 14.2° S 15.7° S 24.1° S 24.7° S 28.5° S

36.5° W 2.6° E 3.0° E 1.8° E 2.6° E 140.2° W 141.3° W 141.1° W 143.0° W 143.0° W 80.2° E 150.1° E 146.3° E 147.4° E 134.1° W 154.0° E 153.7° E 153.0° E 151.2° E 114.6° W 152.5° E 115.5° E 115.1° E 115.5° E 114.7° E 24.6° W 24.0° W 125.5° W

11 44 9 6 6 55 75 24 31 40 12 95 20 25 22 53 27 20 32 97 78 108 106 25 28 23 3 25

136 77 77 77 77 121 34 34 34 34 63 118 118 118 144 67 67 67 67 71 49 83 83 83 83 94 94 107

19.8° N 17.4° S 14.3° S

158.4° E 89.6° W 84.1° W

66 41 18

49 91 73

16.9° S 18.3° S 19.9° S 16.0° S 4.0° S 3.9° S 1.3° S 0.8° S 3.9° S 4.6° S 6.0° S 6.0° S 8.8° S 8.1° S 4.4° S 1.3° S 0.4° S 0.6° N 0.7° S 20.2° S 14.7° N 16.3° N 16.0° N 15.1° N 17.2° N 30.8° N 32.7° N 29.4° N 21.9° S 20.8° S 20.9° S 22.5° S 23.8° S 22.4° S 23.5° S 21.1° S 20.8° S 46.8° S

86.2° W 86.1° W 89.8° W 89.8° W 157.4° W 156.1° W 153.2° W 151.5° W 153.2° W 152.6° W 153.3° W 156.7° W 157.3° W 159.9° W 157.7° W 161.8° W 160.3° W 159.0° W 158.2° W 149.6° E 118.8° E 119.9° E 122.8° E 122.4° E 115.6° E 129.6° W 124.4° W 131.0° W 101.0° E 101.5° E 103.0° E 102.6° E 100.8° E 100.3° E 98.7° E 98.1° E 100.5° E 129.3° E

8 14 13 12 437 22 68 26 37 31 12 30 58 17 22 20 34 28 19 15 75 20 32 26 24 115 21 101 49 28 19 37 18 25 35 25 19 65

91 91 91 73 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 69 87 102 65 47 65 65 47 53 35 53 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 117

16.6° N 16.4° N 15.1° N 15.9° N 17.0° N 16.5° N 16.0° N 17.8° N 17.2° N 2.3° S

72.6° W 72.3° W 73.3° W 71.7° W 77.8° W 74.5° W 76.3° W 75.5° W 64.7° W 98.8° W

51 13 12 10 15 11 20 10 3 20

55 37 55 55 37 37 37 37 37 90

53.6° N 55.0° N 50.4° N 52.8° N 54.2° N 29.9° S 29.9° S

127.6° W 125.6° W 126.9° W 132.2° W 132.4° W 79.6° W 80.4° W

61 60 30 26 38 40 10

20 20 20 20 20 91 91

Krasnov B Krasnov C Krasnov D Krasovsky Krasovsky C Krasovsky F Krasovsky H Krasovsky J Krasovsky L Krasovsky N Krasovsky P Krasovsky T Krasovsky Z Kreiken Krieger Krieger B (Van Biesbroeck) Krieger C Krieger D Krishna Krogh (Auzout B) Krusenstern Krusenstern A Krylov Krylov A Krylov B Kugler Kugler N Kugler R Kugler U Kuhn Kuiper (Bonpland E) Kulik Kulik J Kulik K Kulik L Kundt (Guericke C) Kunowsky Kunowsky C Kunowsky D Kunowsky G Kunowsky H Kuo Shou Ching Kurchatov Kurchatov T Kurchatov W Kurchatov X Kurchatov Z La Caille La Caille A La Caille B La Caille C La Caille D La Caille E La Caille F La Caille G La Caille H La Caille J La Caille K La Caille L La Caille M La Caille N La Caille P La Condamine La Condamine A La Condamine B La Condamine C La Condamine D La Condamine E La Condamine F La Condamine G La Condamine H La Condamine J La Condamine K La Condamine L La Condamine M La Condamine N La Condamine O La Condamine P La Condamine Q La Condamine R La Condamine S La Condamine T La Condamine U La Condamine V La Condamine X La Hire A

29.4° S 26.2° S 33.9° S 3.9° N 6.1° N 3.7° N 2.7° N 3.2° N 0.4° S 1.0° N 0.8° N 3.6° N 5.9° N 9.0° S 29.0° N 28.7° N

80.2° W 81.4° W 80.1° W 175.5° W 173.6° W 172.5° W 171.4° W 174.1° W 174.8° W 176.0° W 177.3° W 177.1° W 175.6° W 84.6° E 45.6° W 45.6° W

13 12 13 59 23 15 46 32 58 22 41 100 15 23 22 8.7

91 91 109 68 68 68 68 68 86 68 68 68 68 81 39 39

27.7° N 28.9° N 24.5° N 9.4° N 26.2° S 26.9° S 35.6° N 38.9° N 37.3° N 53.8° S 56.3° S 55.5° S 54.0° S 84.4° S 9.8° S

44.6° W 45.0° W 11.3° E 65.7° E 5.9° E 5.9° E 165.8° W 165.1° W 163.6° W 103.7° E 102.8° E 98.6° E 101.5° E 152.1° W 22.7° W

4 5 3 19 47 5 49 63 40 65 42 13 37 17.1 6

39 39 42 62 95 95 33 33 33 130 130 129 130 144 76

42.4° N 40.6° N 39.1° N 40.8° N 11.5° S

154.5° W 151.4° W 151.6° W 153.5° W 11.5° W

58 46 42 33 10

34 34 34 34 76

3.2° N 0.2° S 1.5° N 1.7° N 1.1° N 8.4° N 38.3° N 38.0° N 40.4° N 41.3° N 41.0° N

32.5° W 32.4° W 28.8° W 30.7° W 30.0° W 133.7° W 142.1° E 138.0° E 140.4° E 139.9° E 141.8° E

18 3 5 4 3 34 106 27 33 17 27

57 75 58 58 57 70 31 31 31 31 31

23.8° S 22.8° S 20.9° S 21.2° S 23.6° S 23.5° S 23.6° S 20.5° S 24.7° S 22.5° S 21.0° S 24.6° S 22.3° S 21.9° S 22.5° S 53.4° N 54.4° N 58.8° N 52.4° N 53.5° N 57.7° N 57.3° N 54.8° N 53.1° N 56.0° N 51.9° N 53.6° N 54.2° N 53.8° N 55.1° N 52.9° N 52.6° N 55.0° N 57.3° N 59.2° N 54.5° N 54.5° N 57.2° N 28.5° N

1.1° E 0.4° E 1.4° E 1.4° E 2.2° E 2.8° E 3.4° E 2.0° E 0.8° E 0.9° E 0.6° E 1.4° E 1.6° E 1.3° E 0.0° E 28.2° W 30.1° W 31.5° W 30.2° W 30.8° W 31.9° W 31.0° W 28.1° W 26.6° W 19.3° W 25.5° W 26.7° W 26.6° W 25.6° W 25.6° W 23.5° W 23.9° W 21.3° W 25.2° W 29.6° W 22.7° W 24.1° W 21.4° W 23.4° W

67 8 7 15 12 27 8 11 6 5 30 5 15 10 25 37 18 17 10 10 8 7 8 6 7 7 6 7 9 7 6 9 7 4 6 7 6 4 5

95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 40

La Hire B La Hire D (Caventou) La Perouse La Perouse A La Perouse D La Perouse E Lacchini Lacroix Lacroix A Lacroix B Lacroix E Lacroix F Lacroix G Lacroix H Lacroix J Lacroix K Lacroix L Lacroix M Lacroix N Lacroix P Lacroix R Lacus Aestatis Lacus Autumni Lacus Bonitatis Lacus Doloris Lacus Excellentiae Lacus Felicitatis Lacus Gaudii Lacus Hiemalis Lacus Lenitatis Lacus Luxuriae Lacus Mortis Lacus Oblivionis Lacus Odii L. Perseverantiae Lacus Solitudinis Lacus Somniorum Lacus Spei Lacus Temporis Lacus Timoris Lacus Veris Lade Lade A Lade B Lade D Lade E Lade M Lade S Lade T Lade U Lade V Lade W Lade X Lagalla Lagalla F Lagalla H Lagalla J Lagalla K Lagalla M Lagalla N Lagalla P Lagalla T Lagalla V Lagrange Lagrange A Lagrange B Lagrange C Lagrange D Lagrange E Lagrange F Lagrange G Lagrange H Lagrange J Lagrange K Lagrange L Lagrange N Lagrange R Lagrange S Lagrange T Lagrange W Lagrange X Lagrange Y Lagrange Z Lalande Lalande A Lalande B Lalande C Lalande D Lalande E

27.7° N 29.8° N

23.0° W 29.4° W

4 3

40 40

10.7° S 9.3° S 11.2° S 10.2° S 41.7° N 37.9° S 35.1° S 37.0° S 40.0° S 40.7° S 36.7° S 38.6° S 38.4° S 35.2° S 35.7° S 36.0° S 37.2° S 35.2° S 34.5° S 15.0° S 9.9° S 23.2° N 17.1° N 35.4° S 19.0° N 16.2° N 15.0° N 14.0° N 19.0° N 45.0° N 21.0° S 19.0° N 8.0° N 27.8° S 38.0° N 43.0° N 45.9° N 38.8° S 16.5° S 1.3° S 0.2° S 0.1° N 0.9° S 1.9° S 1.1° S 1.2° S 1.0° S 0.1° S 0.2° S 0.2° N 1.7° S 44.6° S 44.6° S 44.4° S 46.0° S 43.7° S 46.6° S 44.9° S 45.2° S 47.3° S 47.0° S 32.3° S 32.5° S 31.4° S 29.8° S 34.9° S 29.1° S 32.8° S 28.5° S 29.5° S 34.0° S 30.7° S 32.1° S 32.1° S 31.3° S 33.9° S 33.0° S 33.0° S 28.7° S 28.2° S 32.6° S 4.4° S 6.6° S 3.1° S 5.6° S 6.1° S 3.4° S

76.3° E 74.7° E 76.6° E 78.5° E 107.5° W 59.0° W 55.2° W 60.4° W 62.9° W 61.6° W 59.1° W 57.8° W 59.3° W 57.7° W 58.3° W 56.9° W 57.8° W 53.7° W 60.1° W 69.0° W 83.9° W 43.7° E 9.0° E 44.0° W 5.0° E 12.6° E 14.0° E 12.0° E 176.0° E 27.2° E 168.0° W 7.0° E 62.0° E 104.3° E 29.2° E 65.0° E 58.4° E 27.3° W 86.1° W 10.1° E 12.9° E 9.8° E 13.7° E 13.0° E 9.4° E 8.3° E 9.0° E 9.6° E 9.1° E 8.6° E 11.0° E 22.5° W 25.3° W 27.0° W 25.1° W 24.3° W 25.7° W 26.1° W 24.4° W 26.5° W 24.3° W 72.8° W 69.2° W 61.5° W 64.9° W 72.5° W 72.6° W 67.4° W 62.7° W 66.2° W 68.9° W 70.3° W 65.1° W 73.8° W 76.5° W 74.6° W 62.6° W 63.7° W 69.2° W 68.4° W 64.6° W 8.6° W 9.8° W 9.0° W 6.9° W 7.5° W 10.7° W

77 4 7 34 58 37 13 8 19 15 47 13 18 45 8 13 14 9 19 90 183 92 110 184 90 113 50 80 50 151 50 70 70 139 384 80 117 117 396 55 57 24 16 21 12 24 18 4 4 4 3 85 29 5 22 10 6 12 11 7 5 225 6 16 23 11 46 14 18 11 8 31 18 31 130 12 12 56 9 16 13 24 13 8 11 8 4

81 81 81 81 36 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 74 73 43 41 110 41 42 60 60 50 26 105 41 62 100 26 28 28 111 91 78 78 59 78 78 77 77 77 77 77 59 78 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 109 109 92 92 109 91 109 92 92 109 91 92 109 91 109 109 109 92 92 109 77 77 77 77 77 76

303

Lalande F – Lilius G

Feature Name Lalande F Lalande G Lalande N Lalande R Lalande T Lalande U Lalande W Lallemand Lamarck Lamarck A Lamarck B Lamarck D Lamarck E Lamarck F Lamarck G Lamb Lamb A Lamb E Lamb G Lambert Lambert A Lambert B Lambert R Lambert T Lambert W Lame Lame E Lame F Lame G Lame H Lame J Lame K Lame L Lame M Lame N Lame T Lame W Lame Z Lamech Lamont Lampland Lampland A Lampland B Lampland K Lampland M Lampland Q Lampland R Landau Landau Q Lander Lander K Landsteiner (Timocharis F) Lane Lane B Lane S Langemak Langemak N Langemak X Langemak Z Langevin Langevin C Langevin K Langley Langley J Langley K Langmuir Langrenus Langrenus A (Barkla) Langrenus B (Naonobu) Langrenus C (Acosta) Langrenus D (Al-Marrakushi) Langrenus E Langrenus F (Bilharz) Langrenus G Langrenus H Langrenus J (Somerville) Langrenus K (Atwood) Langrenus L Langrenus M Langrenus N Langrenus P

304

Lat. 2.6° S 6.2° S 5.6° S 4.7° S 5.2° S 3.2° S 6.5° S 14.3° S 22.9° S 25.2° S 22.8° S 25.0° S 26.8° S 27.0° S 27.1° S 42.9° S 39.9° S 41.6° S 43.2° S 25.8° N 26.4° N 24.3° N 23.9° N 28.5° N 24.5° N 14.7° S 13.9° S 13.9° S 15.4° S 15.8° S 14.3° S 13.3° S 14.4° S 15.8° S 12.8° S 12.5° S 13.1° S 15.9° S 42.7° N 4.4° N 31.0° S 30.4° S 29.5° S 33.0° S 33.5° S 32.5° S 31.7° S 41.6° N 41.0° N 15.3° S 16.2° S 31.3° N

Long. 10.0° W 7.9° W 5.7° W 7.0° W 7.5° W 8.1° W 5.6° W 84.1° W 69.8° W 70.8° W 69.7° W 74.1° W 75.7° W 73.9° W 72.1° W 100.1° E 101.6° E 107.1° E 105.9° E 21.0° W 21.5° W 20.1° W 20.6° W 20.3° W 22.6° W 64.5° E 66.8° E 66.4° E 65.5° E 68.2° E 65.7° E 64.2° E 68.6° E 66.5° E 67.1° E 66.5° E 65.9° E 65.9° E 13.1° E 23.7° E 131.0° E 131.2° E 131.6° E 132.5° E 130.8° E 129.4° E 129.2° E 118.1° W 121.7° W 131.8° E 132.2° E 14.8° W

D 3 5 6 24 4 4 11 18 100 51 7 131 9 9 15 106 20 11 69 30 4 4 55 3 2 84 11 10 26 12 18 8 6 13 9 11 6 17 13 106 65 14 12 47 38 12 45 214 32 40 23 6

LAC 76 77 77 77 77 77 77 73 92 91 92 91 91 91 91 117 116 117 116 40 40 40 40 40 40 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 26 60 102 102 102 118 118 117 102 35 35 84 102 40

9.5° S 7.5° S 9.7° S 10.3° S 12.9° S 6.6° S 5.6° S 44.3° N 46.4° N 41.6° N 51.1° N 51.7° N 52.0° N 35.7° S 8.9° S 10.7° S

132.0° E 132.9° E 130.7° E 118.7° E 119.0° E 117.5° E 119.3° E 162.7° E 165.5° E 163.8° E 86.3° W 85.2° W 86.3° W 128.4° W 61.1° E 67.2° E

55 13 35 97 126 47 27 58 19 17 59 20 20 91 127 43

84 84 84 83 83 83 83 32 32 32 21 21 21 122 80 80

4.6° S

57.8° E

35

80

5.6° S

60.1° E

13

80

10.4° S

55.8° E

8

80

12.7° S 5.8° S

60.6° E 56.3° E

30 43

80 80

12.1° S 8.0° S 8.3° S

65.4° E 64.3° E 64.9° E

23 23 15

80 80 80

5.8° S

57.7° E

29

80

13.2° S 9.8° S 9.0° S 12.1° S

62.2° E 66.4° E 65.7° E 63.1° E

12 17 12 42

80 80 80 80

Langrenus Q Langrenus R Langrenus S Langrenus T Langrenus U Langrenus V Langrenus W Langrenus X Langrenus Y Langrenus Z Lansberg Lansberg A Lansberg B Lansberg C Lansberg D Lansberg E Lansberg F Lansberg G Lansberg L Lansberg N Lansberg P Lansberg X Lansberg Y Laplace A Laplace B Laplace D Laplace E Laplace F Laplace L Laplace M Lara Larmor Larmor K Larmor Q Larmor W Larmor Z Lassell Lassell A Lassell B Lassell C Lassell D Lassell E Lassell F Lassell G Lassell H Lassell J Lassell K Lassell M Lassell S Lassell T Last Laue Laue G Laue U Lauritsen Lauritsen A Lauritsen B Lauritsen G Lauritsen H Lauritsen Y Lauritsen Z Laveran Lavoisier Lavoisier A Lavoisier B Lavoisier C Lavoisier D Lavoisier E Lavoisier F Lavoisier G Lavoisier H Lavoisier J Lavoisier K Lavoisier L Lavoisier N Lavoisier S Lavoisier T Lavoisier W Lavoisier Z Lawrence (Taruntius M) L. Clark Le Gentil Le Gentil A Le Gentil B Le Gentil C Le Gentil D Le Gentil G Le Monnier Le Monnier A

11.9° S 7.7° S 6.7° S 4.6° S 12.6° S 13.2° S 8.6° S 12.4° S 7.8° S 7.1° S 0.3° S 0.2° N 2.5° S 1.5° S 3.0° S 1.8° S 2.2° S 0.6° S 3.5° S 1.9° S 2.3° S 1.2° N 0.7° N 43.7° N 51.3° N 47.3° N 50.3° N 45.6° N 51.7° N 52.2° N 20.4° N 32.1° N 30.3° N 28.6° N 33.9° N 33.7° N 15.5° S 16.8° S 16.1° S 14.7° S 14.5° S 18.2° S 17.1° S 14.8° S 14.5° S 14.8° S 15.1° S 14.2° S 18.2° S 17.1° S 26.1° N 28.0° N 27.8° N 28.8° N 27.6° S 24.8° S 26.7° S 28.0° S 28.5° S 27.5° S 26.0° S 81.8° S 38.2° N 36.9° N 39.8° N 35.8° N 41.1° N 40.9° N 37.1° N 37.3° N 38.3° N 37.5° N 39.7° N 39.7° N 41.9° N 39.1° N 36.5° N 36.9° N 36.1° N 7.4° N

60.7° E 63.6° E 64.7° E 62.5° E 57.1° E 55.9° E 67.3° E 64.7° E 66.9° E 66.4° E 26.6° W 31.1° W 28.1° W 29.2° W 30.6° W 30.3° W 30.7° W 29.4° W 26.4° W 26.4° W 23.0° W 27.8° W 28.2° W 26.8° W 19.8° W 25.5° W 19.8° W 19.8° W 21.0° W 19.9° W 30.5° E 179.7° W 179.0° W 176.2° E 177.6° E 179.8° W 7.9° W 6.8° W 7.7° W 9.3° W 10.5° W 10.2° W 12.5° W 9.0° W 11.2° W 10.4° W 8.9° W 8.8° W 8.5° W 8.8° W 0.0° E 96.7° W 93.2° W 101.4° W 96.1° E 96.6° E 96.8° E 97.3° E 97.5° E 96.1° E 96.2° E 160.2° W 81.2° W 73.2° W 79.7° W 76.7° W 78.1° W 80.4° W 80.5° W 85.7° W 78.8° W 86.5° W 74.4° W 75.0° W 82.4° W 83.1° W 76.6° W 81.8° W 86.2° W 43.2° E

12 5 9 42 4 5 23 25 27 20 38 9 9 17 11 6 9 10 5 4 2 3 4 9 5 11 6 6 7 6 0 97 24 22 27 49 23 3 4 9 2 5 5 7 5 4 4 3 4 2 0 87 36 56 52 35 26 16 28 14 52 12.5 70 28 25 35 62 49 33 19 29 22 7 6 24 24 19 16 12 24

80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 76 57 76 76 75 75 75 76 76 76 73 58 58 24 12 24 12 24 11 12 43 33 50 50 32 33 77 95 95 77 76 94 94 77 76 76 77 77 95 77 41 54 28 28 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 144 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 61

43.4° S 74.6° S 74.6° S 75.0° S 74.4° S 74.6° S 71.8° S 26.6° N 26.9° N

147.6° W 75.7° W 52.4° W 73.0° W 75.1° W 63.8° W 58.8° W 30.6° E 32.5° E

15.9 128 33 16 19 12 17 60 21

121 136 136 136 136 136 136 43 43

Le Monnier B (Very) 25.6° N Le Monnier C 22.3° N (Borel) Le Monnier H 25.0° N Le Monnier K 27.7° N Le Monnier S 26.8° N Le Monnier T 25.1° N Le Monnier U 26.1° N Le Monnier V 26.0° N Le Verrier 40.3° N Le Verrier A 38.1° N Le Verrier B 40.1° N Le Verrier D 39.7° N Le Verrier E 42.4° N Le Verrier S 38.9° N Le Verrier T 39.8° N Le Verrier U 37.2° N Le Verrier V 37.8° N Le Verrier W 39.4° N Le Verrier X 41.6° N Leakey 3.2° S (Censorinus F) Leavitt 44.8° S Leavitt Z 42.7° S Lebedev 47.3° S Lebedev C 45.0° S Lebedev D 44.6° S Lebedev F 47.5° S Lebedev K 49.7° S Lebedinsky 8.3° N Lebedinsky A 10.9° N Lebedinsky B 10.5° N Lebedinsky K 6.6° N Lebedinsky P 6.0° N Lebesgue 5.1° S Lee 30.7° S Lee A 31.4° S Lee H 30.9° S Lee M 29.8° S Lee S 30.8° S Lee T 30.1° S Leeuwenhoek 29.3° S Leeuwenhoek E 28.2° S Legendre 28.9° S Legendre D 31.5° S Legendre E 33.8° S Legendre F 33.8° S Legendre G 32.3° S Legendre H 32.5° S Legendre J 30.8° S Legendre K 29.8° S Legendre L 28.2° S Legendre M 28.2° S Legendre N 27.5° S Legendre P 27.3° S Lehmann 40.0° S Lehmann A 39.5° S Lehmann C 35.5° S Lehmann D 39.6° S Lehmann E 37.5° S Lehmann H 41.0° S Lehmann K 36.4° S Lehmann L 36.4° S Leibnitz 38.3° S Leibnitz R 39.3° S Leibnitz S 39.6° S Leibnitz X 36.5° S Leibnitz β 85° S Lemaitre 61.2° S Lemaitre C 59.4° S Lemaitre F 61.4° S Lemaitre S 61.6° S Lenard 85.2° N Lenz 2.8° N Lenz C 3.3° N Lenz J 3.7° S Lenz K (Kramarov) 2.3° S Leonov 19.0° N Lepaute 33.3° S Lepaute D 34.3° S Lepaute E 35.7° S Lepaute F 37.2° S Lepaute K 34.3° S Lepaute L 34.5° S Letronne 10.8° S Letronne A 12.1° S Letronne B 11.2° S Letronne C 10.7° S Letronne D 9.4° S Letronne F 9.2° S

25.3° E 26.4° E

5 5

42 42

29.6° E 30.2° E 33.9° E 31.4° E 33.5° E 34.3° E 20.6° W 17.3° W 12.9° W 12.3° W 16.9° W 20.6° W 20.7° W 13.1° W 14.2° W 13.9° W 12.1° W 37.4° E

6 4 40 18 25 23 20 4 5 9 7 3 4 4 3 3 3 12

42 43 43 43 43 43 24 24 25 25 24 24 24 25 24 25 25 79

139.3° W 139.2° W 107.8° E 111.0° E 112.5° E 110.8° E 108.9° E 164.3° W 163.7° W 163.2° W 163.3° W 165.0° W 89.0° E 40.7° W 41.2° W 38.9° W 39.7° W 42.8° W 42.0° W 178.7° W 176.7° W 70.2° E 75.2° E 78.5° E 76.4° E 73.8° E 78.1° E 74.5° E 72.8° E 73.5° E 71.5° E 70.5° E 69.2° E 56.0° W 54.0° W 50.1° W 57.3° W 54.9° W 58.6° W 50.3° W 51.9° W 179.2° E 176.3° E 171.8° E 177.3° E 25° E 149.6° W 145.6° W 148.4° W 156.3° W 109.3° W 102.1° W 101.6° W 97.3° W 98.8° W 148.2° E 33.6° W 36.2° W 35.0° W 34.8° W 33.9° W 35.2° W 42.5° W 39.1° W 41.2° W 38.5° W 37.8° W 46.1° W

66 65 102 34 34 18 22 62 38 37 29 51 11 41 18 4 77 6 4 125 117 78 58 28 40 15 7 16 90 30 8 8 7 53 34 16 14 48 16 5 6 245 19 28 19 40 91 27 32 34 45.2 21 23 16 21 33 16 22 10 7 12 9 116 7 5 4 5 8

121 121 117 117 117 117 130 69 69 69 69 69 81 93 93 93 93 93 93 104 104 99 99 115 115 115 115 99 99 99 99 99 98 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 120 119 119 119 144 133 133 133 133 1 72 72 90 90 48 111 111 111 111 111 111 75 75 75 75 75 75

Letronne G Letronne H Letronne K Letronne L Letronne M Letronne N Letronne P Letronne T Leucippus Leucippus F Leucippus K Leucippus Q Leucippus X Leuschner Leuschner L Leuschner Z Levi-Civita Levi-Civita A Levi-Civita F Levi-Civita S Lewis Lewis R (Chalonge) Lexell Lexell A Lexell B Lexell D Lexell E Lexell F Lexell G Lexell H Lexell K Lexell L Ley Licetus Licetus A Licetus B Licetus C Licetus D Licetus E Licetus F Licetus G Licetus H Licetus J Licetus K Licetus L Licetus M Licetus N Licetus P Licetus Q Licetus R Licetus S Licetus T Licetus U Licetus W Lichtenberg Lichtenberg A Lichtenberg B Lichtenberg F Lichtenberg G (Humason) Lichtenberg H Lichtenberg R Lick Lick A Lick B Lick C Lick D (Greaves) Lick E Lick F Lick G Lick K Lick L Lick N Liebig Liebig A Liebig B Liebig F Liebig G Liebig H Liebig J Light Mantle Lilius Lilius A Lilius B Lilius C Lilius D Lilius E Lilius F Lilius G

12.7° S 12.6° S 14.5° S 14.3° S 12.0° S 12.3° S 10.7° S 12.5° S 29.1° N 29.1° N 27.2° N 25.9° N 33.4° N 1.8° N 1.1° S 5.3° N 23.7° S 20.5° S 23.4° S 24.1° S 18.5° S 20.3° S

46.5° W 46.0° W 43.6° W 44.3° W 44.1° W 39.8° W 44.4° W 42.6° W 116.0° W 113.0° W 115.0° W 118.8° W 118.8° W 108.8° W 108.8° W 109.3° W 143.4° E 144.0° E 145.4° E 138.8° E 113.8° W 116.1° W

10 4 5 5 3 4 18 3 56 19 14 84 36 49 18 18 121 17 16 43 42 26

75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 53 53 53 53 35 72 90 72 102 102 102 102 107 107

35.8° S 36.9° S 37.3° S 36.1° S 37.2° S 36.5° S 37.2° S 36.5° S 35.9° S 36.0° S 42.2° N 47.1° S 47.8° S 46.5° S 47.4° S 48.0° S 44.7° S 46.09 43.8° S 45.9° S 44.2° S 45.5° S 47.2° S 46.8° S 45.5° S 47.6° S 47.2° S 45.1° S 45.2° S 45.8° S 46.9° S 45.9° S 31.8° N 29.0° N 33.3° N 33.2° N 30.7° N

4.2° W 1.4° W 3.4° W 0.7° W 0.4° W 5.4° W 4.9° W 4.9° W 6.4° W 6.0° W 154.9° E 6.7° E 3.2° E 4.9° E 5.6° E 4.5° E 1.9° E 1.0° E 1.9° E 3.1° E 3.2° E 0.0° E 1.1° E 1.9° E 2.2° E 2.4° E 9.7° E 3.9° E 8.2° E 6.7° E 7.4° E 8.5° E 67.7° W 60.1° W 61.5° W 65.3° W 56.6° W

62 34 23 20 16 8 10 10 10 8 79 74 8 13 10 6 19 32 11 10 12 6 5 9 9 21 8 7 11 7 7 7 20 7 5 5 4

112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 32 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 38 38 23 22 38

31.5° N 34.7° N 12.4° N 11.5° N 11.2° N 11.5° N 13.2° N 10.6° N 10.1° N 10.1° N 10.2° N 8.7° N 9.7° N 24.3° S 24.3° S 25.0° S 24.6° S 26.1° S 26.3° S 24.8° S 20.2° N 54.5° S 55.4° S 53.0° S 54.4° S 50.6° S 50.1° S 49.4° S 50.0° S

58.9° W 70.2° W 52.7° E 52.8° E 51.4° E 52.0° E 52.7° E 50.7° E 50.2° E 50.9° E 52.8° E 49.0° E 47.9° E 48.2° W 47.7° W 47.1° W 45.7° W 45.8° W 47.3° W 45.0° W 30.8° E 6.2° E 8.8° E 3.8° E 3.3° E 3.0° E 2.9° E 1.7° E 0.7° E.

4 34 31 23 24 9 14 8 22 5 6 5 23 37 12 9 9 20 11 4 4 61 41 29 40 51 38 43 7

38 22 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 61 61 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 43 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126

Lilius H – Manilius K

Feature Name Lilius H Lilius J Lilius K Lilius L Lilius M Lilius N Lilius O Lilius P Lilius R Lilius S Lilius T Lilius U Lilius W Lilius X Linda Lindbergh (Messier G) Lindblad Lindblad F Lindblad S Lindblad Y Lindenau Lindenau D Lindenau E Lindenau F Lindenau G Lindenau H Lindsay (Dollond C) Linne Linne A Linne B Linne D Linne E (Banting) Linne F Linne G Linne H Liouville Lippershey Lippershey K Lippershey L Lippershey M Lippershey N Lippershey P Lippershey R Lippershey T Lippmann Lippmann B Lippmann E Lippmann J Lippmann L Lippmann P Lippmann Q Lippmann R Lipsky Lipsky S Lipsky V Lipsky X Litke (Lutke) Littrow Littrow A Littrow B (Clerke) Littrow D Littrow F Littrow P Lobachevsky Lobachevsky M Lobachevsky P Lockyer Lockyer A Lockyer F Lockyer G Lockyer H Lockyer J Lodygin Lodygin C Lodygin F Lodygin G (Sternfeld) Lodygin J Lodygin L Lodygin M Lodygin R Loewy Loewy A Loewy B Loewy G Loewy H Lohrmann

Lat. 50.5° S 56.3° S 53.6° S 54.9° S 56.2° S 49.0° S 55.4° S 55.9° S 54.6° S 52.8° S 55.9° S 53.5° S 53.6° S 53.5° S 30.7° N 5.4° S

Long. 0.8° E 1.8° E 2.2° E 2.5° E 2.9° E 2.8° E 3.6° E 3.9° E 4.4° E 5.9° E 7.5° E 7.6° E 8.3° E 9.9° E 33.4° W 52.9° E

D 9 13 23 6 11 5 7 4 9 14 5 8 9 4 1 12

LAC 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 39 80

70.4° N 70.6° N 69.7° N 73.0° N 32.3° S 30.4° S 31.6° S 32.4° S 33.2° S 31.3° S 7.0° S

98.8° W 94.3° W 104.9° W 101.2° W 24.9° E 24.9° E 26.5° E 26.4° E 27.3° E 26.3° E 13.0° E

66 42 25 28 53 10 8 10 10 11 32

9 9 9 9 113 9 9 9 9 9 78

27.7° N 28.9° N 30.5° N 28.7° N 26.6° N 32.3° N 35.9° N 33.7° N 2.6° N 25.9° S 26.7° S 25.7° S 24.3° S 24.5° S 26.3° S 26.6° S 25.2° S 56.0° S 52.6° S 55.4° S 59.0° S 57.6° S 56.1° S 57.0° S 57.2° S 2.2° S 2.2° S 1.2° S 0.4° N 16.8° S 21.5° N 22.2° N 21.7° N 23.7° N 22.0° N 23.2° N 9.9° N 8.0° N 7.7° N 46.2° S 44.0° S 47.5° S 45.7° S 44.5° S 45.0° S 17.7° S 15.9° S 17.6° S 19.6° S

11.8° E 14.4° E 14.2° E 17.1° E 16.4° E 13.9° E 13.3° E 13.8° E 73.5° E 10.3° W 11.4° W 11.7° W 10.9° W 9.5° W 8.3° W 10.1° W 11.1° W 114.9° W 110.9° W 107.6° W 106.6° W 112.5° W 115.0° W 118.7° W 121.3° W 179.5° W 179.9° W 178.7° E 178.9° E 123.1° E 31.4° E 32.2° E 29.8° E 32.8° E 34.1° E 32.8° E 112.6° E 112.8° E 111.3° E 36.7° E 31.0° E 36.5° E 33.3° E 32.5° E 32.3° E 146.8° W 144.5° W 142.8° W 141.8° W

2 4 5 5 5 5 5 3 16 6 2 3 2 3 2 4 5 160 29 23 19 54 29 27 37 80 23 36 24 39 30 23 7 8 12 36 84 41 26 34 10 20 24 31 13 62 30 47 107

42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 63 94 94 94 94 95 95 94 94 134 134 135 135 134 134 134 134 86 86 86 68 101 43 43 42 43 43 43 47 65 65 114 113 114 114 113 113 106 88 106 106

18.5° S 22.6° S 19.2° S 18.3° S 22.7° S 22.3° S 23.2° S 23.0° S 22.8° S 0.5° S

145.1° W 145.4° W 146.2° W 149.2° W 32.8° W 32.5° W 32.9° W 31.9° W 31.9° W 67.2° W

25 25 14 30 24 7 4 5 5 30

106 106 106 106 93 93 93 93 93 74

Lohrmann A Lohrmann B Lohrmann D Lohrmann E Lohrmann F Lohrmann M Lohrmann N Lohse Lomonosov Longomontanus Longomontanus A Longomontanus B Longomontanus C Longomontanus D Longomontanus E Longomontanus F Longomontanus G Longomontanus H Longomontanus K Longomontanus L Longomontanus M Longomontanus N Longomontanus P Longomontanus Q Longomontanus R Longomontanus S Longomontanus T Longomontanus U Longomontanus V Longomontanus W Longomontanus X Longomontanus Y Longomontanus Z Lorentz Lorentz P Lorentz R Lorentz T Lorentz U Louise Louville Louville A Louville B Louville D Louville DA Louville E Louville K Louville P Love Love G Love H Love T Love U Lovelace Lovelace E Lovell Lovell F Lovell R Lowell Lowell W Lubbock Lubbock C Lubbock D Lubbock G Lubbock H Lubbock K Lubbock L Lubbock M Lubbock N Lubbock P Lubbock R Lubbock S Lubiniezky Lubiniezky A Lubiniezky D Lubiniezky E Lubiniezky F Lubiniezky G Lubiniezky H Lucian (Maraldi B) Lucretius Lucretius C Lucretius U Ludwig Lundmark Lundmark B Lundmark C Lundmark D Lundmark F Lundmark G Luther

0.7° S 0.7° S 0.1° S 1.7° S 1.4° S 0.5° S 0.6° S 13.7° S 27.3° N 49.6° S 52.8° S 52.9° S 53.4° S 54.3° S 51.4° S 48.2° S 48.7° S 52.0° S 47.9° S 49.1° S 48.6° S 50.8° S 48.1° S 52.0° S 52.4° S 47.4° S 46.8° S 52.0° S 50.7° S 47.1° S 53.0° S 52.3° S 50.0° S 32.6° N 31.8° N 33.4° N 34.6° N 35.0° N 28.5° N 44.0° N 43.2° N 44.0° N 46.9° N 46.6° N 43.1° N 46.8° N 45.6° N 6.3° S 6.5° S 6.9° S 6.0° S 5.9° S 82.3° N 82.1° N 36.8° S 36.7° S 37.7° S 12.9° S 10.0° S 3.9° S 4.8° S 4.5° S 3.7° S 2.6° S 5.1° S 4.9° S 0.3° S 1.5° S 2.9° S 0.1° S 0.7° N 17.8° S 16.4° S 16.5° S 16.6° S 18.3° S 15.3° S 17.0° S 14.3° N 8.2° S 3.7° S 7.7° S 7.7° S 39.7° S 37.7° S 35.8° S 38.8° S 39.4° S 40.5° S 33.2° N

62.7° W 69.4° W 65.2° W 67.4° W 69.1° W 68.9° W 70.1° W 60.2° E 98.0° E 21.8° W 24.0° W 20.7° W 19.0° W 22.9° W 18.0° W 23.5° W 18.5° W 23.2° W 20.9° W 23.6° W 23.2° W 25.7° W 25.3° W 20.5° W 26.1° W 23.3° W 22.7° W 22.0° W 18.9° W 21.3° W 17.7° W 28.2° W 18.7° W 95.3° W 98.5° W 99.2° W 100.3° W 100.0° W 34.2° W 46.0° W 45.3° W 46.5° W 52.1° W 51.7° W 45.9° W 55.2° W 52.2° W 129.0° E 131.3° E 130.4° E 126.1° E 127.8° E 106.4° W 93.3° W 141.9° W 138.2° W 144.0° W 103.1° W 107.0° W 41.8° E 39.8° E 39.1° E 39.2° E 41.8° E 38.3° E 39.3° E 38.6° E 39.7° E 39.5° E 40.4° E 41.2° E 23.8° W 25.6° W 23.4° W 27.3° W 21.8° W 20.2° W 21.2° W 36.7° E 120.8° W 114.4° W 123.6° W 97.4° E 152.5° E 153.2° E 155.6° E 154.3° E 157.2° E 155.5° E 24.1° E

12 14 11 10 11 7 8 41 92 157 29 48 31 29 8 19 15 7 15 16 10 12 7 11 9 12 5 7 5 10 5 4 95 312 38 33 20 22 0.8 36 8 8 7 11 6 5 7 84 54 29 13 12 54 23 34 24 24 66 18 13 8 13 10 10 7 7 19 26 7 24 24 43 30 8 37 8 4 4 7 63 20 24 23 106 30 25 29 26 35 9

74 74 74 74 74 74 73 80 46 125 125 125 126 125 126 125 126 125 111 125 125 125 125 125 125 111 125 125 126 111 126 125 126 36 54 36 36 36 39 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 83 84 84 83 83 1 1 121 121 121 90 121 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 61 94 94 94 94 94 76 94 61 89 89 89 82 118 118 119 119 119 119 26

Luther H Luther K Luther X Luther Y Lyapunov Lyell Lyell A Lyell B Lyell C Lyell D Lyell K Lyman Lyman P Lyman Q Lyman T Lyman V Lyot Lyot A Lyot B Lyot C Lyot D Lyot E Lyot F Lyot H Lyot L Lyot M Lyot N Lyot P Lyot R Lyot S Lyot T

36.0° N 37.5° N 36.1° N 38.1° N 26.3° N 13.6° N 14.3° N 14.4° N 15.2° N 14.7° N 15.3° N 64.8° S 67.6° S 68.6° S 64.1° S 62.6° S 49.8° S 49.0° S 50.4° S 50.4° S 51.6° S 52.0° S 52.3° S 51.4° S 54.4° S 53.3° S 52.8° S 47.7° S 46.1° S 46.0° S 46.8° S

22.8° E 23.3° E 24.3° E 24.4° E 89.3° E 40.6° E 39.6° E 38.4° E 39.4° E 41.5° E 40.9° E 163.6° E 158.5° E 156.7° E 157.7° E 154.2° E 84.5° E 79.6° E 82.2° E 80.4° E 82.2° E 82.9° E 82.8° E 78.2° E 83.1° E 86.2° E 83.4° E 85.0° E 87.6° E 85.6° E 78.6° E

7 4 4 4 66 32 7 5 5 18 5 84 14 56 59 37 132 38 9 17 14 13 21 63 70 24 12 13 30 26 8

26 26 26 26 45 61 61 61 61 61 61 141 141 141 141 131 129 129 129 129 129 129 129 129 129 129 129 116 116 116 115

Mach Mach H Mackin Maclaurin Maclaurin A Maclaurin B Maclaurin C Maclaurin D Maclaurin E Maclaurin F Maclaurin G Maclaurin H Maclaurin J Maclaurin K Maclaurin L Maclaurin M Maclaurin N Maclaurin O Maclaurin P Maclaurin R (Morley) Maclaurin S Maclaurin T Maclaurin U Maclaurin W Maclaurin X Maclaurin Y (Born) Maclear Maclear A Macmillan (Archimedes F) Macrobius Macrobius A (Carmichael) Macrobius B (Hill) Macrobius C Macrobius D (Fredholm) Macrobius E Macrobius F Macrobius K Macrobius L (Esclangon) Macrobius M Macrobius N Macrobius P Macrobius Q Macrobius S Macrobius T Macrobius U Macrobius V Macrobius W Macrobius X Macrobius Y Macrobius Z Madler Madler A Madler D

18.5° N 14.9° N 20.1° N 1.9° S 3.0° S 3.6° S 1.1° S 7.1° S 3.5° S 7.8° S 7.0° S 1.6° S 2.2° S 0.9° S 1.4° S 4.8° S 3.8° S 0.3° S 6.0° S 2.8° S

149.3° W 144.1° W 30.7° E 68.0° E 67.6° E 71.4° E 69.6° E 69.9° E 65.7° E 71.8° E 66.9° E 64.1° E 69.4° E 66.9° E 71.7° E 69.4° E 68.4° E 67.9° E 69.4° E 64.6° E

180 40 0 50 29 43 26 10 20 39 12 41 16 34 30 42 29 37 29 14

52 70 43 80 80 81 80 80 80 81 80 80 80 80 81 80 80 80 80 80

2.2° S 1.8° S 3.9° S 0.5° N 0.1° S 6.0° S 10.5° N 11.3° N 24.2° N

64.0° E 65.4° E 66.2° E 68.1° E 68.7° E 66.8° E 20.1° E 18.0° E 7.8° W

16 35 19 21 24 15 20 5 7

80 80 80 62 80 80 60 60 41

21.3° N 19.6° N

46.0° E 40.4° E

64 20

43 43

20.9° N 20.8° N 18.4° N

40.8° E 45.0° E 46.5° E

16 10 15

43 43 43

18.7° N 22.5° N 21.5° N 21.5° N

46.8° E 48.5° E 40.2° E 42.1° E

10 11 12 16

43 43 43 43

25.0° N 22.8° N 23.0° N 20.4° N 23.3° N 23.8° N 25.0° N 25.4° N 24.8° N 23.0° N 23.6° N 24.3° N 11.0° S 9.5° S 12.6° S

41.0° E 40.8° E 39.5° E 47.6° E 49.6° E 48.6° E 42.8° E 43.3° E 44.6° E 42.2° E 42.2° E 42.6° E 29.8° E 29.8° E 31.1° E

42 5 18 9 26 29 6 5 26 4 5 5 27 5 4

43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 78 78 79

Maestlin Maestlin G Maestlin H Maestlin R Magelhaens Magelhaens A Maginus Maginus A Maginus B Maginus C Maginus D Maginus E Maginus F Maginus G Maginus H Maginus J Maginus K Maginus L Maginus M Maginus N Maginus O Maginus P Maginus Q Maginus R Maginus S Maginus T Maginus U Maginus V Maginus W Maginus X Maginus Y Maginus Z Main Main L Main N Mairan Mairan A Mairan C Mairan D Mairan E Mairan F Mairan G Mairan H Mairan K Mairan L Mairan N Mairan T Mairan Y Maksutov Maksutov U Malapert Malapert A Malapert B Malapert C Malapert E Malapert F Malapert K Mallet Mallet A Mallet B Mallet C Mallet D Mallet E Mallet J Mallet K Mallet L Malyy Malyy G Malyy K Malyy L Mandel’shtam Mandel’shtam A Mandel’shtam F Mandel’shtam G Mandel’shtam N Mandel’shtam Q Mandel’shtam R Mandel’shtam T Mandel’shtam Y M. Anderson Manilius Manilius A (Bowen) Manilius B Manilius C Manilius D Manilius E Manilius F (Yangel’) Manilius G Manilius H Manilius K

4.9° N 2.0° N 4.7° N 3.5° N 11.9° S 12.6° S 50.5° S 48.8° S 52.4° S 51.7° S 47.9° S 49.0° S 48.9° S 48.0° S 52.5° S 49.9° S 47.4° S 49.2° S 50.4° S 48.5° S 50.6° S 50.7° S 50.8° S 48.9° S 49.7° S 52.3° S 47.4° S 49.3° S 49.3° S 51.3° S 51.8° S 50.2° S 80.8° N 81.7° N 82.3° N 41.6° N 38.6° N 38.6° N 40.9° N 37.8° N 40.3° N 40.9° N 39.3° N 40.8° N 39.0° N 39.2° N 41.7° N 42.7° N 40.5° S 40.1° S 84.9° S 80.4° S 79.1° S 81.5° S 84.3° S 81.5° S 78.8° S 45.4° S 45.9° S 46.6° S 44.0° S 46.0° S 45.0° S 48.7° S 47.6° S 47.7° S 21.9° N 21.7° N 19.6° N 19.9° N 5.4° N 5.7° N 5.2° N 4.5° N 3.3° N 2.4° N 4.5° N 5.7° N 9.1° N 41.3° S 14.5° N 17.6° N 16.6° N 12.1° N 13.2° N 18.3° N 17.0° N 15.5° N 17.8° N 11.9° N

40.6° W 42.1° W 43.5° W 41.5° W 44.1° E 45.0° E 6.3° W 4.4° W 6.2° W 9.4° W 2.2° W 1.4° W 8.2° W 7.6° W 10.0° W 2.8° W 3.9° W. 8.9° W 9.3° W 9.0° W 12.6° W 11.8° W 2.3° W 10.4° W 1.4° W 7.1° W 8.2° W 7.3° W 7.8° W 7.6° W 9.1° W 3.6° W 10.1° E 23.2° E 22.0° E 43.4° W 38.8° W 46.0° W 45.4° W 37.2° W 45.1° W 50.8° W 40.0° W 41.0° W 43.2° W 45.5° W 48.3° W 44.0° W 168.7° W 170.9° W 12.9° E 3.4° W 2.4° W 10.5° E 21.2° E 14.9° E 6.8° E 54.2° E 53.8° E 52.0° E 53.8° E 57.0° E 54.3° E 55.9° E 57.0° E 55.5° E 105.3° E 106.9° E 107.0° E 106.1° E 162.4° E 162.4° E 166.2° E 166.4° E 161.6° E 158.8° E 159.8° E 160.4° E 161.8° E 149° W 9.1° E 9.1° E 7.3° E 10.4° E 7.0° E 6.4° E 4.7° E 9.7° E 8.6° E 11.2° E

305

7 4 7 61 40 32 194 14 12 42 40 37 18 23 15 8 31 11 10 24 12 10 9 9 13 6 9 9 8 7 7 18 46 14 11 40 16 7 10 6 9 6 5 6 6 6 3 7 83 21 69 24 37 40 17 11 36 58 28 32 28 42 5 52 43 13 41 28 15 14 197 64 17 29 25 20 57 37 32 16.9 38 9 6 7 5 49 9 5 3 3

57 57 57 57 79 79 126 126 126 126 112 126 126 126 126 126 112 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 112 126 126 126 126 126 1 1 1 23 23 23 23 24 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 120 120 144 144 144 144 144 144 144 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 46 46 46 46 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 121 41 41 41 60 59 41 41 59 41 60

Manilius T – Messala D

Feature Name Manilius T Manilius U Manilius W Manilius X Manilius Z Manners Manners A Manuel Manzinus Manzinus A Manzinus B Manzinus C Manzinus D Manzinus E Manzinus F Manzinus G Manzinus H Manzinus J Manzinus K Manzinus L Manzinus M Manzinus N Manzinus O Manzinus P Manzinus R Manzinus S Manzinus T Manzinus U Maraldi Maraldi A Maraldi B (Lucian) Maraldi D Maraldi E Maraldi F Maraldi M Maraldi N Maraldi R Maraldi W Marci Marci B Marci C Marco Polo Marco Polo A Marco Polo B Marco Polo C Marco Polo D Marco Polo F Marco Polo G Marco Polo H Marco Polo J Marco Polo K Marco Polo L Marco Polo M Marco Polo P Marco Polo S Marco Polo T Marconi Marconi C Marconi H Marconi L Marconi S Mare Anguis Mare Australe Mare Cognitum Mare Crisium Mare Fecunditatis Mare Frigoris Mare Humboldtianum Mare Humorum Mare Imbrium Mare Ingenii Mare Insularum Mare Marginis Mare Moscoviense Mare Nectaris Mare Nubium Mare Orientale Mare Serenitatis Mare Smythii Mare Spumans Mare Tranquillitatis Mare Undarum Mare Vaporum Marinus Marinus A Marinus B Marinus C Marinus D (Harlan)

306

Lat. 13.4° N 13.8° N 13.4° N 14.4° N 16.4° N 4.6° N 4.6° N 24.5° N 67.7° S 68.4° S 63.7° S 70.1° S 69.6° S 68.9° S 63.9° S 69.6° S 68.6° S 66.3° S 63.3° S 64.3° S 63.4° S 70.2° S 64.9° S 67.8° S 65.9° S 66.4° S 67.5° S 68.6° S 19.4° N 20.0° N 14.3° N 16.7° N 17.8° N 19.2° N 17.5° N 18.4° N 20.3° N 13.2° N 22.6° N 25.2° N 24.3° N 15.4° N 14.9° N 17.2° N 14.0° N 15.0° N 15.7° N 16.7° N 17.8° N 17.9° N 18.2° N 14.8° N 17.6° N 16.9° N 17.8° N 13.6° N 9.6° S 8.4° S 11.0° S 11.7° S 10.0° S 22.6° N 38.9° S 10.0° S 17.0° N 7.8° S 56.0° N 56.8° N

Long. 10.6° E 10.8° E 12.9° E 13.4° E 11.7° E 20.0° E 19.1° E 11.3° E 26.8° E 27.5° E 21.1° E 22.1° E 24.7° E 25.4° E 19.7° E 26.0° E 19.2° E 23.5° E 20.3° E 22.7° E 22.8° E 28.8° E 25.0° E 29.4° E 30.0° E 27.3° E 32.9° E 34.5° E 34.9° E 36.3° E 36.7° E 36.1° E 35.8° E 35.8° E 39.0° E 36.8° E 33.2° E 36.1° E 167.0° W 166.3° W 165.4° W 2.0° W 2.0° W 1.9° W 5.0° W 3.7° W 4.5° W 1.9° W 1.7° W 1.2° W 1.4° W 5.0° W 1.1° W 0.2° W 0.0° E 1.0° W 145.1° E 146.8° E 147.5° E 145.3° E 143.1° E 67.7° E 93.0° E 23.1° W 59.1° E 51.3° E 1.4° E 81.5° E

D 4 4 4 3 3 15 3 0.5 98 20 28 25 34 18 18 16 13 12 12 20 6 14 5 6 16 11 21 21 39 8 7 67 31 18 9 5 5 4 25 28 26 28 7 7 7 6 4 5 6 5 10 19 37 31 21 3 73 9 41 38 14 150 603 376 418 909 1596 273

LAC 60 60 60 60 42 60 60 42 138 138 138 138 138 138 138 138 138 138 138 138 138 138 138 138 138 138 138 138 43 43 61 43 43 43 43 43 43 61 51 51 51 59 59 41 59 59 59 41 41 41 41 59 41 41 41 59 84 84 84 84 84 44 116 76 44 80 12 15

24.4° S 32.8° N 33.7° S 7.5° N 13.3° N 27.3° N 15.2° S 21.3° S 19.4° S 28.0° N 1.3° N 1.1° N 8.5° N 6.8° N 13.3° N 39.4° S 39.9° S 39.6° S 38.0° S 38.3° S

38.6° W 15.6° W 163.5° E 30.9° W 86.1° E 147.9° E 35.5° E 16.6° W 92.8° W 17.5° E 87.5° E 65.1° E 31.4° E 68.4° E 3.6° E 76.5° E 73.2° E 74.8° E 73.5° E 79.4° E

389 1123 318 513 420 277 333 715 327 707 373 139 873 243 245 58 27 59 37 51

93 24 119 57 63 48 79 94 108 42 63 62 60 62 59 115 115 115 115 115

Marinus E Marinus F Marinus G Marinus H Marinus J Marinus M Marinus N Marinus R Mariotte Mariotte P Mariotte R Mariotte U Mariotte X Mariotte Y (Murakami) Mariotte Z Marius Marius A Marius B Marius C Marius D Marius E Marius F Marius G Marius H Marius J Marius K Marius L Marius M Marius N Marius P Marius Q Marius R Marius S Marius U Marius V Marius W Marius X Marius Y Markov Markov E Markov F Markov G Markov U Marth Marth K Mary Maskelyne Maskelyne A Maskelyne B Maskelyne C Maskelyne D Maskelyne E (Aryabhata) Maskelyne F Maskelyne G Maskelyne H Maskelyne J Maskelyne K Maskelyne M Maskelyne N Maskelyne P Maskelyne R Maskelyne T Maskelyne W Maskelyne X Maskelyne Y Mason Mason A Mason B Mason C Maunder Maunder A Maunder B Maunder Z (Couder) Maupertuis Maupertuis A Maupertuis B Maupertuis C Maupertuis K Maupertuis L Maurolycus Maurolycus A Maurolycus B Maurolycus C Maurolycus D Maurolycus E Maurolycus F Maurolycus G

36.2° S 41.3° S 40.4° S 40.2° S 39.6° S 37.5° S 37.6° S 38.0° S 28.5° S 29.9° S 30.1° S 27.9° S 25.3° S 23.3° S

76.7° E 74.8° E 76.6° E 77.7° E 71.0° E 80.8° E 78.4° E 75.3° E 139.1° W 139.7° W 141.6° W 142.8° W 140.0° W 140.3° W

17 17 21 16 10 26 16 44 65 30 33 34 20 46

115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 106 106 106 106 106 106

22.9° S 11.9° N 12.6° N 16.3° N 14.0° N 11.4° N 12.1° N 12.1° N 12.1° N 11.3° N 10.5° N 9.4° N 15.9° N 17.4° N 18.7° N 17.9° N 16.5° N 13.6° N 13.9° N 9.6° N 9.9° N 9.4° N 9.7° N 9.8° N 53.4° N 50.6° N 50.0° N 50.0° N 51.9° N 31.1° S 29.9° S 18.9° N 2.2° N 0.1° N 2.0° N 1.1° N 2.5° N 6.2° N

139.0° W 50.8° W 46.0° W 47.3° W 47.6° W 45.0° W 52.7° W 45.3° W 50.6° W 50.3° W 46.9° W 50.6° W 55.7° W 54.9° W 54.7° W 51.3° W 56.2° W 50.3° W 47.1° W 47.6° W 48.3° W 49.7° W 54.9° W 50.7° W 62.7° W 60.1° W 61.8° W 56.2° W 60.2° W 29.3° W 28.7° W 27.4° E 30.1° E 34.0° E 28.9° E 32.7° E 32.5° E 35.1° E

47 41 15 12 11 9 6 6 3 5 3 4 8 6 4 4 5 5 7 3 2 3 5 2 40 13 8 5 29 6 3 1 23 29 9 9 33 22

106 56 57 39 57 57 56 57 56 56 57 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 57 57 57 57 56 56 10 10 10 10 10 94 94 42 61 61 60 61 61 61

4.2° N 2.4° N 4.9° N 3.2° N 3.3° N 7.8° N 5.4° N 0.5° N 3.0° N 0.0° S 0.9° N 1.3° N 1.8° N 42.6° N 42.8° N 41.8° N 42.9° N 14.6° S 3.2° S 9.0° S 4.8° S

35.3° E 26.7° E 32.3° E 32.7° E 29.6° E 27.9° E 30.3° E 34.1° E 31.3° E 36.6° E 29.2° E 27.4° E 28.1° E 30.5° E 30.1° E 29.6° E 33.8° E 93.8° W 90.5° W 90.3° W 92.4° W

21 6 6 4 5 8 5 10 13 5 4 4 4 33 5 10 12 55 15 17 21

61 60 61 61 60 60 61 61 61 79 60 60 60 26 26 26 26 90 73 73 73

49.6° N 50.6° N 51.3° N 50.2° N 49.3° N 51.3° N 42.0° S 43.5° S 40.3° S 38.6° S 39.0° S 38.4° S 40.6° S 44.4° S

27.3° W 24.7° W 26.7° W 24.0° W 25.0° W 29.2° W 14.0° E 14.2° E 11.7° E 10.8° E 13.2° E 9.8° E 12.2° E 11.5° E

45 14 6 11 6 6 114 15 12 9 45 6 25 7

11 11 11 11 11 11 113 113 113 113 113 112 113 113

Maurolycus H Maurolycus J Maurolycus K Maurolycus L Maurolycus M Maurolycus N Maurolycus P Maurolycus R Maurolycus S Maurolycus T Maurolycus W Maury Maury A Maury B Maury C Maury D Maury J Maury K Maury L Maury M Maury N Maury P Maury T Maury U Mavis Maxwell McAdie McAuliffe (Borman Y) McClure McClure A McClure B McClure C McClure D McClure M McClure N McClure P McClure S McCool Mcdonald (Carlini B) Mckellar Mckellar B Mckellar S Mckellar T Mckellar U Mclaughlin Mclaughlin A Mclaughlin B Mclaughlin C Mclaughlin P Mclaughlin U Mclaughlin Z Mcmath Mcmath A Mcmath J Mcmath M Mcmath P Mcmath Q McNair (Borman A) Mcnally Mcnally Mcnally T Mcnally Y Mechnikov Mechnikov C Mechnikov D Mechnikov F Mechnikov G Mechnikov U Mechnikov Z Mee Mee A Mee B Mee C Mee D Mee E Mee F Mee G Mee H Mee J Mee K Mee L Mee M Mee N Mee P Mee Q Mee R Mee S

38.2° S 42.5° S 40.0° S 42.1° S 41.9° S 41.0° S 38.1° S 40.7° S 42.0° S 41.3° S 42.7° S 37.1° N 36.0° N 35.1° N 37.0° N 38.2° N 39.1° N 39.5° N 40.3° N 40.8° N 40.4° N 39.9° N 40.0° N 39.3° N 29.8° N 30.2° N 2.1° N 33.0° S

10.4° E 14.0° E 12.6° E 14.5° E 12.6° E 14.1° E 12.8° E 16.2° E 17.1° E 11.4° E 15.2° E 39.6° E 41.8° E 42.0° E 38.6° E 37.8° E 40.1° E 41.1° E 42.5° E 42.6° E 41.9° E 38.0° E 43.3° E 37.0° E 26.4° W 98.9° E 92.1° E 148.9° W

7 9 8 6 10 7 4 5 7 10 4 17 21 9 28 8 6 5 4 16 17 12 3 5 1 107 45 19

113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 40 46 64 121

15.3° S 15.7° S 15.4° S 14.7° S 14.8° S 14.2° S 14.2° S 14.8° S 13.8° S 41.3° S 30.4° N

50.3° E 49.1° E 49.3° E 49.8° E 51.8° E 51.3° E 52.7° E 53.5° E 53.4° E 146.3° W 20.9° W

23 6 9 27 22 21 9 16 4 21 7

80 79 79 79 80 80 80 80 80 121 40

15.7° S 13.1° S 16.0° S 15.1° S 13.9° S 47.1° N 51.6° N 50.2° N 48.5° N 45.0° N 47.2° N 52.6° N 17.3° N 19.2° N 14.8° N 16.1° N 13.4° N 14.5° N 35.7° S

170.8° W 169.1° W 173.3° W 173.0° W 174.5° W 92.9° W 92.4° W 91.2° W 91.9° W 94.6° W 97.0° W 92.8° W 165.6° W 165.3° W 163.3° W 165.5° W 168.6° W 167.7° W 147.3° W

51 16 23 45 37 79 35 43 60 34 30 21 86 15 36 15 28 20 29

86 87 86 86 86 36 21 21 21 36 36 21 44 51 69 51 69 69 121

22.6° N 22.6° N 22.3° N 24.2° N 11.0° S 9.9° S 10.2° S 11.3° S 11.8° S 10.6° S 9.3° S 43.7° S 44.4° S 44.6° S 45.3° S 45.3° S 43.0° S 43.3° S 45.5° S 44.1° S 44.5° S 44.4° S 44.0° S 45.8° S 45.2° S 45.9° S 43.6° S 44.0° S 43.2° S

127.2° W 127.2° W 129.0° W 127.5° W 149.0° W 148.0° W 147.2° W 145.0° W 146.6° W 150.9° W 149.2° W 35.3° W 29.1° W 31.1° W 28.7° W 32.9° W 35.3° W 36.7° W 40.7° W 39.4° W 40.6° W 41.6° W 41.5° W 29.1° W 42.2° W 30.0° W 33.9° W 43.4° W 41.0° W

47 48 19 22 60 35 53 30 17 30 21 126 14 15 13 9 16 12 23 48 10 9 8 8 6 14 1 10 12

53 53 53 53 88 88 88 88 88 87 88 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 110 110 110 110 111 110 111 111 110 110

Mee T Mee U Mee V Mee W Mee X Mee Y Mee Z Mees Mees A Mees J Mees Y Meggers Meggers S Meitner Meitner A Meitner C Meitner H Meitner J Meitner R Melissa (Ibn Firnas Y) Mendel Mendel B Mendel J Mendel V Mendeleev Mendeleev P Menelaus Menelaus A Menelaus C Menelaus D Menelaus E Menelaus F (Daubree) Menzel Mercator Mercator A Mercator B Mercator C Mercator D Mercator E Mercator F Mercator G Mercator K Mercator L Mercator M Mercurius Mercurius A Mercurius B Mercurius C Mercurius D Mercurius E Mercurius F Mercurius G Mercurius H Mercurius J Mercurius K Mercurius L Mercurius M Merrill Merrill X Merrill Y Mersenius Mersenius B Mersenius C Mersenius D Mersenius E Mersenius H Mersenius J Mersenius K Mersenius L Mersenius M Mersenius N Mersenius P Mersenius R Mersenius S Mersenius U Mersenius V Mersenius W Mersenius X Mersenius Y Mersenius Z Meshchersky Meshchersky K Meshchersky X Messala Messala A Messala B Messala C Messala D

42.5° S 42.8° S 45.5° S 43.6° S 41.5° S 44.3° S 44.7° S 13.6° N 15.7° N 12.3° N 15.7° N 24.3° N 24.0° N 10.5° S 8.1° S 9.7° S 11.9° S 12.1° S 12.0° S 8.1° N

38.2° W 33.9° W 42.4° W 35.5° W 36.0° W 36.8° W 42.6° W 96.1° W 95.2° W 94.7° W 96.6° W 123.0° E 119.8° E 112.7° E 113.5° E 113.7° E 116.0° E 115.1° E 109.4° E 121.8° E

9 8 7 5 7 7 12 50 36 26 85 52 42 87 17 19 13 15 16 18

110 111 110 111 111 111 110 72 72 72 72 47 47 83 83 83 83 83 82 65

48.8° S 46.5° S 51.6° S 46.7° S 5.7° N 2.7° N 16.3° N 17.1° N 14.8° N 13.2° N 13.6° N 15.7° N

109.4° W 107.7° W 107.4° W 116.7° W 140.9° E 139.4° E 16.0° E 13.4° E 14.5° E 16.3° E 15.9° E 14.7° E

138 18 58 66 313 29 26 7 4 4 3 14

135 123 135 122 66 66 42 42 60 60 60 60

3.4° N 29.3° S 30.6° S 29.1° S 29.1° S 29.3° S 30.0° S 29.6° S 31.1° S 30.6° S 30.7° S 30.2° S 46.6° N 48.0° N 47.4° N 47.5° N 46.1° N 49.7° N 45.2° N 45.1° N 49.2° N 47.2° N 47.4° N 45.9° N 50.9° N 75.2° N 77.0° N 76.8° N 21.5° S 21.0° S 19.8° S 23.1° S 22.5° S 22.5° S 21.0° S 21.2° S 19.9° S 21.2° S 22.1° S 19.9° S 19.3° S 19.2° S 23.0° S 22.9° S 23.0° S 22.4° S 22.7° S 21.0° S 12.2° N 9.6° N 16.0° N 39.2° N 36.6° N 37.4° N 40.9° N 40.5° N

36.9° E 26.1° W 27.8° W 25.1° W 26.9° W 25.3° W 26.8° W 26.8° W 25.0° W 22.7° W 23.5° W 23.6° W 66.2° E 73.6° E 70.0° E 59.4° E 68.6° E 73.3° E 62.9° E 64.3° E 63.6° E 59.0° E 73.2° E 64.3° E 73.9° E 116.3° W 119.2° W 115.4° W 49.2° W 51.6° W 45.9° W 46.8° W 46.0° W 49.9° W 52.8° W 50.7° W 48.4° W 48.3° W 49.2° W 47.8° W 47.6° W 46.9° W 50.0° W 50.5° W 50.8° W 47.9° W 48.2° W 50.6° W 125.5° E 126.8° E 124.2° E 60.5° E 53.8° E 59.9° E 65.8° E 67.8° E

3 46 9 8 8 7 5 4 14 4 4 4 67 20 13 26 50 29 17 13 10 9 21 12 40 57 34 35 84 15 14 34 10 15 5 5 3 5 3 42 4 16 4 5 5 4 4 3 65 17 39 125 26 18 12 28

61 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 28 15 28 28 28 15 28 28 14 28 28 28 15 9 9 9 93 92 93 93 93 93 92 92 93 93 93 93 93 93 92 92 92 93 93 92 65 65 65 28 27 28 28 28

Messala E – Newton G

Feature Name Messala E Messala F Messala G Messala J Messala K Messier Messier A Messier B Messier D Messier E Messier G (Lindbergh) Messier J Messier L Metius Metius B Metius C Metius D Metius E Metius F Metius G Meton Meton A Meton B Meton C Meton D Meton E Meton F Meton G Meton W Mezentsev Mezentsev M Mezentsev Q Mezentsev S Michael Michelson Michelson G Michelson H Michelson V Michelson W Middle Crescent Milankovic Milankovic E Milichius Milichius A Milichius C Milichius D Milichius E Milichius K Miller Miller A Miller B Miller C Miller D Miller E Miller K Millikan Millikan B Millikan J Millikan Q Millikan R Mills Mills B Mills C Mills K Mills R Mills W Milne Milne K Milne L Milne M Milne N Milne P Milne Q Mineur Mineur D Mineur V Mineur X Minkowski Minkowski S Minnaert Minnaert C Minnaert N Minnaert W Mitchell Mitchell B Mitchell E Mitra Mitra A

Lat. 40.0° N 38.9° N 39.1° N 41.1° N 41.1° N 1.9° S 2.0° S 0.9° S 3.6° S 3.3° S 5.4° S

Long. 64.9° E 64.4° E 68.6° E 61.2° E 58.5° E 47.6° E 47.0° E 48.0° E 46.3° E 45.4° E 52.9° E

D 40 32 29 15 13 11 13 6 8 5 13

LAC 28 28 28 28 28 79 79 79 79 79 80

1.5° S 1.2° S 40.3° S 40.1° S 44.2° S 42.6° S 39.7° S 39.1° S 40.3° S 73.6° N 73.3° N 71.2° N 70.6° N 72.2° N 75.3° N 72.0° N 72.9° N 67.4° N 72.1° N 68.7° N 69.4° N 71.5° N 25.1° N 7.2° N 5.7° N 4.6° N 8.0° N 7.5° N 3.2° S 77.2° N 78.0° N 10.0° N 9.3° N 11.2° N 8.0° N 10.7° N 8.5° N 39.3° S 37.7° S 37.6° S 38.2° S 38.0° S 38.8° S 39.8° S 46.8° N 49.8° N 45.8° N 43.9° N 46.0° N 8.6° N 10.7° N 9.8° N 6.8° N 8.1° N 10.0° N 31.4° S 32.5° S 33.7° S 35.7° S 35.5° S 37.1° S 34.3° S 25.0° N 25.9° N 26.2° N 27.1° N 56.5° S 56.1° S 67.8° S 64.2° S 71.1° S 63.4° S 49.7° N 48.3° N 47.6° N 18.0° N 20.8° N

52.1° E 51.8° E 43.3° E 44.3° E 49.1° E 48.4° E 42.8° E 42.9° E 45.3° E 18.8° E 31.3° E 18.0° E 19.0° E 24.7° E 15.3° E 14.2° E 28.4° E 17.3° E 128.7° W 126.8° W 135.6° W 136.9° W 0.2° E 120.7° W 118.8° W 116.8° W 124.4° W 121.3° W 23.4° W 168.8° E 177.2° W 30.2° W 32.0° W 29.4° W 28.2° W 28.1° W 30.3° W 0.8° E 1.8° E 1.0° E 0.3° W 3.1° E 2.8° E 0.9° E 121.5° E 123.5° E 124.6° E 118.6° E 117.7° E 156.0° E 156.9° E 157.3° E 157.0° E 154.8° E 154.2° E 112.2° E 113.1° E 112.7° E 112.1° E 110.8° E 107.7° E 107.3° E 161.3° W 159.2° W 163.1° W 162.7° W 146.0° W 145.6° W 179.6° E 176.0° W 176.1° E 174.1° E 20.2° E 19.3° E 21.7° E 154.7° W 154.1° W

4 6 87 14 11 11 6 8 9 130 14 6 77 78 42 51 10 7 89 74 26 21 4 123 27 35 20 25 0 101 46 12 9 3 4 3 4 61 39 12 36 5 6 4 98 21 36 33 49 32 24 14 26 19 18 272 65 26 54 37 95 75 73 20 26 31 113 13 125 15 33 24 30 6 8 92 46

80 80 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 41 71 71 71 71 71 76 7 7 57 57 58 58 58 57 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 30 16 30 30 30 67 67 67 67 67 67 101 117 117 117 117 117 117 51 51 51 51 133 133 141 141 141 132 13 13 13 51 51

Mitra J Mitra Y Mobius Mohorovicic Mohorovicic A Mohorovicic D Mohorovicic F Mohorovicic R Mohorovicic W Mohorovicic Z Moigno Moigno A Moigno B Moigno C Moigno D Moiseev Moiseev S Moiseev Z Moissan Moltke Moltke A Moltke B Monge Monira Mons Agnes Mons Ampere Mons Andre Mons Ardeshir Mons Argaeus Mons Bradley Mons Delisle Mons Dieter Mons Dilip Mons Esam Mons Ganau Mons Gruithuisen Delta Mons Gruithuisen Gamma Mons Hadley Mons Hadley Delta Mons Hansteen Mons Herodotus Mons Huygens Mons La Hire Mons Maraldi Mons Moro Mons Penck Mons Pico Mons Piton Mons Rumker Mons Usov Mons Vinogradov Mons Vitruvius Mons Wolff Mont Blanc Montanari Montanari D Montanari W Montes Agricola Montes Alpes Montes Apenninus Montes Archimedes Montes Carpatus Montes Caucasus Montes Cordillera Montes Haemus Montes Harbinger Montes Jura Montes Pyrenaeus Montes Recti Montes Recti B Montes Riphaeus Montes Rook Montes Secchi Montes Spitzbergen Montes Taurus Montes Teneriffe Montgolfier Montgolfier J Montgolfier P Montgolfier W Montgolfier Y Moore Moore F Moore L Moretus Moretus A

15.9° N 21.5° N 15.8° N 19.0° S 16.0° S 17.8° S 18.9° S 19.9° S 17.7° S 18.6° S 66.4° N 64.8° N 64.6° N 65.9° N 65.2° N 9.5° N 8.7° N 11.2° N 4.8° N 0.6° S 1.0° S 1.0° S 19.2° S 12.6° S 18.6° N 19.0° N 5.2° N 5.0° N 19.0° N 22.0° N 29.5° N 5.0° N 5.6° N 14.6° N 4.8° N 36.0° N

153.2° W 155.2° W 101.2° E 165.0° W 163.1° W 162.1° W 163.6° W 167.7° W 166.5° W 165.1° W 28.9° E 29.7° E 26.1° E 29.0° E 27.7° E 103.3° E 100.7° E 103.4° E 137.4° E 24.2° E 23.2° E 25.2° E 47.6° E 1.7° W 5.3° E 4.0° W 120.6° E 121.0° E 29.0° E 1.0° E 35.8° W 120.2° E 120.8° E 35.7° E 120.6° E 39.5° W

46 26 50 51 20 18 23 42 21 14 36 16 26 9 23 59 29 80 21 6 4 5 36 2 1 30 10 8 50 30 30 20 2 8 14 20

51 51 64 51 105 105 105 105 105 105 4 4 4 4 4 64 64 64 66 78 78 78 97 77 41 41 65 65 42 41 39 65 65 61 65 23

36.6° N

40.5° W

20

23

26.5° N 25.8° N 12.1° S 27.5° N 20.0° N 27.8° N 20.3° N 12.0° S 10.0° S 45.7° N 40.6° N 40.8° N 12.0° N 22.4° N 19.4° N 17.0° N 45.0° N 45.8° S 45.9° S 44.8° S 29.1° N 46.4° N 18.9° N 25.3° N

4.7° E 3.8° E 50.0° W 53.0° W 2.9° W 25.5° W 35.3° E 19.7° W 21.6° E 8.9° W 1.1° W 58.1° W 63.0° E 32.4° W 30.8° E 6.8° W 1.0° E 20.6° W 22.1° W 18.1° W 54.2° W 0.8° W 3.7° W 4.6° W

25 15 30 5 40 25 15 10 30 25 25 70 15 25 15 35 25 76 24 7 141 281 401 163

41 41 74 38 41 40 43 76 78 25 25 23 62 39 43 41 25 111 111 111 38 25 41 41

14.5° N 38.4° N 17.5° S 19.9° N 27.0° N 47.1° N 15.6° S 48.0° N 48.4° N 7.7° S 20.6° S 3.0° N 35.0° N

24.4° W 10.0° E 81.6° W 9.2° E 41.0° W 34.0° W 41.2° E 20.0° W 18.3° W 28.1° W 82.5° W 43.0° E 5.0° W

361 445 574 560 90 422 164 90 8 189 791 50 60

58 25 91 42 39 24 79 12 64 76 91 61 25

28.4° N 47.1° N 47.3° N 46.4° N 46.1° N 49.3° N 50.5° N 37.4° N 37.4° N 36.1° N 70.6° S 70.4° S

41.1° E 11.8° W 159.8° W 158.2° W 160.9° W 164.4° W 161.3° W 177.5° W 175.0° W 177.1° W 5.8° W 13.8° W

172 182 88 28 36 37 40 54 24 27 111 32

43 25 33 33 33 19 19 33 33 33 137 137

Moretus C Morley (Maclaurin R) Morozov Morozov C Morozov E Morozov F Morozov Y Morse Morse N Morse T Moseley Moseley C Moseley D Mosting Mosting A Mosting B Mosting C Mosting D Mosting E Mosting K Mosting L Mosting M Mosting U Mouchez Mouchez A Mouchez B Mouchez C Mouchez J Mouchez L Mouchez M Moulton Moulton H Moulton P Muller Muller A Muller F Muller O Murakami (Mariotte Y) Murchison Murchison T Mutus Mutus A Mutus B Mutus C Mutus D Mutus E Mutus F Mutus G Mutus H Mutus J Mutus K Mutus L Mutus M Mutus N Mutus O Mutus P Mutus Q Mutus R Mutus S Mutus T Mutus V Mutus W Mutus X Mutus Y Mutus Z Nagaoka Nagaoka U Nagaoka W Nansen Nansen A Nansen C Nansen D Nansen E Nansen F Nansen U Nansen-Apollo Naonobu (Langrenus B) Nasireddin Nasireddin B Nasmyth Nasmyth D Nasmyth E Nasmyth F Nasmyth G Nassau Nassau D

72.6° S 2.8° S

11.2° W 64.6° E

17 14

137 80

5.0° N 6.1° N 6.0° N 5.4° N 7.3° N 22.1° N 20.2° N 22.0° N 20.9° N 22.3° N 22.9° N 0.7° S 3.2° S 2.7° S 1.8° S 0.3° S 0.3° N 0.7° S 0.6° S 1.3° S 3.2° S 78.3° N 80.8° N 78.2° N 77.4° N 79.4° N 78.6° N 80.2° N 61.1° S 61.5° S 63.9° S 7.6° S 8.2° S 7.8° S 7.9° S 23.3° S

127.4° E 128.5° E 130.2° E 130.0° E 127.0° E 175.1° W 176.1° W 179.5° W 90.1° W 88.5° W 87.6° W 5.9° W 5.2° W 7.4° W 8.0° W 5.1° W 4.6° W 7.4° W 3.4° W 4.3° W 6.6° W 26.6° W 29.9° W 22.8° W 26.0° W 38.2° W 40.3° W 49.3° W 97.2° E 100.6° E 93.5° E 2.1° E 2.1° E 1.5° E 2.4° E 140.5° W

42 10 15 60 45 77 25 34 90 18 17 24 13 7 4 7 44 3 3 31 18 81 51 8 13 17 20 17 49 44 14 22 10 6 11 45

65 65 66 65 65 50 50 50 54 37 37 77 77 77 77 77 59 77 77 77 77 3 1 3 3 3 3 1 129 130 129 77 77 77 77 106

5.1° N 4.4° N 63.6° S 63.8° S 63.9° S 61.2° S 58.4° S 65.5° S 66.2° S 67.2° S 63.6° S 62.7° S 57.8° S 61.8° S 59.1° S 62.4° S 57.7° S 59.1° S 62.2° S 60.8° S 60.5° S 59.2° S 62.9° S 66.6° S 67.1° S 64.8° S 64.0° S

0.1° W 0.1° E 30.1° E 31.8° E 29.5° E 27.2° E 23.3° E 36.1° E 34.1° E 35.1° E 24.2° E 23.3° E 21.5° E 24.9° E 24.4° E 27.6° E 23.8° E 25.7° E 30.4° E 23.9° E 22.0° E 21.2° E 31.3° E 40.0° E 36.8° E 35.0° E 34.5° E

57 3 77 16 17 32 22 22 42 17 21 8 7 20 20 11 14 16 8 27 25 34 24 21 21 26 30

59 59 127 127 127 127 127 138 138 138 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 138 138 138 127

19.4° N 19.9° N 20.0° N 80.9° N 82.8° N 83.2° N 83.8° N 83.3° N 84.7° N 81.6° N 20.1° N 4.6° S

154.0° E 151.4° E 153.0° E 95.3° E 63.0° E 55.5° E 64.0° E 71.0° E 60.0° E 81.4° E 30.5° E 57.8° E

46 30 29 104 46 34 21 15 62 16 1 34

49 49 49 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 43 80

41.0° S 39.4° S 50.5° S 49.2° S 49.9° S 50.0° S 49.6° S 24.9° S 23.7° S

0.2° E 1.1° W 56.2° W 55.3° W 57.6° W 53.5° W 53.8° W 177.4° E 179.2° W

52 9 76 13 5 9 7 76 62

112 112 124 124 124 124 124 104 104

Nassau F Nassau Y Natasha (Euler P) Naumann Naumann B Naumann G Neander Neander A Neander B Neander C Neander D Neander E Neander F Neander G Neander H Neander J Neander K Neander L Neander M Neander N Neander O Neander P Neander Q Neander R Neander S Neander T Neander V Neander W Neander X Neander Y Neander Z Nearch Nearch A Nearch B Nearch C Nearch D Nearch E Nearch F Nearch G Nearch H Nearch J Nearch K Nearch L Nearch M Necho Necho M Necho P Necho R Necho V Nefedev Neison Neison A Neison B Neison C Neison D Neper Neper D Neper G (Virchow) Neper H Neper K (Tacchini) Neper Q Nernst Nernst T Neujmin Neujmin P Neujmin Q Neujmin T Neumayer Neumayer A Neumayer M Neumayer N Neumayer P Newcomb Newcomb A Newcomb B Newcomb C Newcomb F Newcomb G Newcomb H Newcomb J Newcomb Q Newton Newton A Newton B Newton C Newton D Newton E Newton F Newton G

24.7° S 22.5° S 20.0° N

179.2° W 112 104 176.8° E 38 104 31.3° W 12 39

35.4° N 37.4° N 33.6° N 31.3° S 30.9° S 28.2° S 28.6° S 26.5° S 29.8° S 32.1° S 33.4° S 33.0° S 34.0° S 35.0° S 31.3° S 34.8° S 32.4° S 35.6° S 28.4° S 28.8° S 33.2° S 31.9° S 29.9° S 31.3° S 32.3° S 33.1° S 34.5° S 33.8° S 58.5° S 60.1° S 60.9° S 62.2° S 57.0° S 61.4° S 62.9° S 63.3° S 57.6° S 57.6° S 57.9° S 58.4° S 58.4° S 5.0° S 6.0° S 6.8° S 5.6° S 4.3° S 81.1° S 68.3° N 67.4° N 67.4° N 67.0° N 68.0° N 8.5° N 9.2° N 9.8° N 10.4° N 4.9° N 8.0° N 35.3° N 35.8° N 27.0° S 28.5° S 30.0° S 27.1° S 71.1° S 75.0° S 71.6° S 70.4° S 70.6° S 29.9° N 29.4° N 28.4° N 29.1° N 31.4° N 28.2° N 28.9° N 28.7° N 30.3° N 76.7° S 79.7° S 81.1° S 74.8° S 75.9° S 79.8° S 72.2° S 78.2° S

62.0° W 60.6° W 60.7° W 39.9° E 39.6° E 40.1° E 36.0° E 42.4° E 40.7° E 37.9° E 43.8° E 42.4° E 43.4° E 39.8° E 41.8° E 37.7° E 37.2° E 39.1° E 41.1° E 41.4° E 38.6° E 42.1° E 38.4° E 38.2° E 38.5° E 37.8° E 38.2° E 42.0° E 39.1° E 40.1° E 35.8° E 35.8° E 38.0° E 33.9° E 37.9° E 39.8° E 40.6° E 37.4° E 35.3° E 35.6° E 35.0° E 123.1° E 123.1° E 122.0° E 122.0° E 120.6° E 135.8° E 25.1° E 26.7° E 25.9° E 23.2° E 22.6° E 84.6° E 80.8° E 83.7° E 78.2° E 85.8° E 83.1° E 94.8° W 96.9° W 125.0° E 124.2° E 121.8° E 122.0° E 70.7° E 73.6° E 78.5° E 78.7° E 86.0° E 43.8° E 43.5° E 45.6° E 45.3° E 42.5° E 44.6° E 42.4° E 44.3° E 42.8° E 16.9° W 19.7° W 15.4° W 14.4° W 14.8° W 36.9° W 16.1° W 18.3° W

307

9 10 6 50 11 9 20 11 25 22 18 13 13 14 21 11 17 13 6 6 12 12 10 5 9 8 8 7 75 43 43 41 10 11 8 5 9 7 13 18 7 30 12 75 18 16 52.9 53 9 8 9 6 137 40 17 9 40 12 116 25 101 38 17 24 76 31 31 36 22 41 19 23 29 28 16 12 23 14 78 64 44 35 37 17 7 67

23 23 23 97 97 97 97 97 97 114 114 114 114 114 97 114 114 114 97 97 114 97 97 97 114 114 114 114 127 128 127 127 127 127 127 127 128 127 127 127 127 83 83 83 83 83 144 4 4 4 4 4 63 63 63 63 63 63 36 36 101 101 101 101 129 139 139 139 139 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 137 137 144 137 137 137 137 137

Nicholson – Pentland

Feature Name Nicholson Nicolai Nicolai A Nicolai B Nicolai C Nicolai D Nicolai E Nicolai G Nicolai H Nicolai J Nicolai K Nicolai L Nicolai M Nicolai P Nicolai Q Nicolai R Nicolai Z Nicollet Nicollet B Nicollet D Nielsen (Wollaston C) Niepce Niepce F Nijland Nijland A Nijland V Nikolaev Nikolaev G Nikolaev J Nishina Nishina T Nobel Nobel B Nobel K Nobel L Nobile (Scott A) Nobili (Schubert Y) Noether Noether A Noether E Noether T Noether U Noether V Noether X Noggerath Noggerath A Noggerath B Noggerath C Noggerath D Noggerath E Noggerath F Noggerath G Noggerath H Noggerath J Noggerath K Noggerath L Noggerath M Noggerath P Noggerath S Nonius Nonius A Nonius B Nonius C Nonius D Nonius F Nonius G Nonius K Nonius L Nonius Q Nonius R Nonius S Norman (Euclides B) North Complex North Massif North Ray Numerov Numerov G Numerov Z Nunn Nusl Nusl E Nusl S Nusl Y Oberth Obruchev

308

Lat. 26.2° S 42.4° S 42.4° S 43.2° S 44.0° S 41.7° S 40.6° S 42.8° S 43.5° S 40.5° S 42.9° S 44.1° S 42.4° S 43.1° S 42.3° S 41.5° S 40.9° S 21.9° S 20.1° S 23.2° S 31.8° N

Long. 85.1° W 25.9° E 23.6° E 25.3° E 29.0° E 25.5° E 25.3° E 22.4° E 26.8° E 22.0° E 28.2° E 25.6° E 29.0° E 29.7° E 30.1° E 25.9° E 21.5° E 12.5° W 13.5° W 12.2° W 51.8° W

D 38 42 13 13 25 6 13 11 17 8 25 13 11 30 26 6 24 15 5 2 9

LAC 91 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 94 94 94 38

72.7° N 72.5° N 33.0° N 36.2° N 34.5° N 35.2° N 34.5° N 31.7° N 44.6° S 43.7° S 15.0° N 17.3° N 13.1° N 12.5° N 85.2° S 0.2° N

119.1° W 113.5° W 134.1° E 134.4° E 131.6° E 151.3° E 154.2° E 155.5° E 170.4° W 170.4° W 101.3° W 99.5° W 100.2° W 100.9° W 53.5° E 75.9° E

57 44 35 26 35 41 20 18 65 28 48 24 20 38 73 42

9 9 31 31 31 31 32 32 120 120 72 54 72 72 144 63

66.6° N 69.3° N 67.6° N 66.3° N 67.6° N 68.9° N 68.9° N 48.8° S 47.9° S 47.0° S 45.8° S 47.2° S 45.2° S 48.0° S 50.3° S 49.6° S 48.4° S 44.9° S 45.2° S 44.0° S 47.7° S 44.5° S 34.8° S 35.4° S 35.8° S 35.4° S 35.5° S 35.9° S 34.7° S 33.7° S 33.5° S 35.9° S 35.9° S 34.8° S 11.8° S

113.5° W 112.1° W 105.1° W 121.5° W 123.4° W 122.4° W 116.8° W 45.7° W 43.4° W 43.4° W 43.1° W 41.5° W 43.9° W 46.9° W 45.8° W 47.9° W 47.9° W 46.3° W 47.2° W 46.6° W 41.8° W 46.2° W 3.8° E 5.6° E 2.0° E 1.1° E 1.8° E 3.8° E 5.7° E 3.9° E 3.5° E 4.2° E 3.3° E 4.3° E 30.4° W

67 29 47 44 36 26 30 30 7 5 13 14 5 9 21 26 17 4 5 11 10 6 69 10 21 7 6 7 6 18 31 7 10 4 10

9 9 9 9 9 9 9 125 110 110 110 110 110 110 125 125 125 110 110 110 110 110 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 75

26.2° N 20.4° N 8.8° S 70.7° S 71.7° S 68.1° S 4.6° N 32.3° N 32.9° N 31.2° N 34.3° N

3.6° E 30.8° E 15.5° E 160.7° W 151.9° W 160.0° W 91.1° E 167.6° E 168.9° E 164.1° E 166.9° E

2 14 1 113 26 44 19 61 29 42 51

41 43 78 142 142 142 64 32 32 49 32

62.4° N 38.9° S

155.4° E 162.1° E

60 71

17 119

Obruchev M Obruchev T Obruchev V Obruchev X Oceanus Procellarum O’Day O’day B O’day M O’day T Oenopides Oenopides B Oenopides K Oenopides L Oenopides M Oenopides R Oenopides S Oenopides T Oenopides X Oenopides Y Oenopides Z Oersted Oersted A Oersted P Oersted U Ohm Oken Oken A Oken E Oken F Oken L Oken M Oken N Olbers Olbers A (Glushko) Olbers B Olbers D Olbers G Olbers H Olbers K Olbers M Olbers N Olbers S Olbers V Olbers W Olbers Y Olcott Olcott E Olcott L Olcott M Old Nameless Olivier Olivier N Olivier Y Omar Khayyam Onizuka Opelt Opelt E Opelt F Opelt G Opelt H Opelt K Oppenheimer Oppenheimer F Oppenheimer H Oppenheimer R Oppenheimer U Oppenheimer V Oppenheimer W Oppolzer Oppolzer A Oppolzer K Oresme Oresme K Oresme Q Oresme U Oresme V Orlov Orlov D Orlov Y Orontius Orontius A Orontius B Orontius C Orontius D Orontius E Orontius F Osama Osiris Osman

40.5° S 38.5° S 36.6° S 34.7° S 18.4° N

162.2° E 157.7° E 158.3° E 159.5° E 57.4° W

46 21 39 18 2568

119 119 119 119 38

30.6° S 29.1° S 31.7° S 30.4° S 57.0° N 58.5° N 55.8° N 55.5° N 55.5° N 55.6° N 58.1° N 57.2° N 57.5° N 57.0° N 58.9° N 43.1° N 43.4° N 43.6° N 42.4° N 18.4° N 43.7° S 43.2° S 46.1° S 44.4° S 43.1° S 41.8° S 42.4° S 7.4° N 8.1° N 6.8° N 10.2° N 8.4° N 8.7° N 6.8° N 8.0° N 9.0° N 6.8° N 9.1° N 5.9° N 6.5° N 20.6° N 20.9° N 18.3° N 17.9° N 3.7° S 59.1° N 56.7° N 61.9° N 58.0° N 36.2° S 16.3° S 17.0° S 18.1° S 16.8° S 15.8° S 13.6° S 35.2° S 34.7° S 36.5° S 37.3° S 34.3° S 32.0° S 32.1° S 1.5° S 0.5° S 1.7° S 42.4° S 43.9° S 44.0° S 41.6° S 40.5° S 25.7° S 24.8° S 22.8° S 40.6° S 39.1° S 40.0° S 37.9° S 39.4° S 39.5° S 39.1° S 18.6° N 18.6° N 11.0° S

157.5° E 158.0° E 157.1° E 154.4° E 64.1° W 68.6° W 61.2° W 61.9° W 61.1° W 67.9° W 69.9° W 68.9° W 62.4° W 63.3° W 67.0° W 47.2° E 47.2° E 46.0° E 44.6° E 113.5° W 75.9° E 71.3° E 78.9° E 71.5° E 78.2° E 75.4° E 74.5° E 75.9° W 77.6° W 74.1° W 78.2° W 74.5° W 74.4° W 78.2° W 81.2° W 79.7° W 76.7° W 73.0° W 81.5° W 83.6° W 117.8° E 119.8° E 118.6° E 117.6° E 17.5° W 138.5° E 137.1° E 136.5° E 102.1° W 148.9° W 17.5° W 17.8° W 18.7° W 17.2° W 17.3° W 17.1° W 166.3° W 161.5° W 163.1° W 170.4° W 167.9° W 172.7° W 169.0° W 0.5° W 0.3° W 0.3° W 169.2° E 170.0° E 167.2° E 164.8° E 165.6° E 175.0° W 173.4° W 175.1° W 4.6° W 2.6° W 3.1° W 4.1° W 6.2° W 4.8° W 3.9° W 5.2° E 27.6° E 6.2° W

71 16 16 24 67 34 6 10 6 56 7 8 5 6 7 42 7 21 5 64 71 36 12 21 10 7 40 74 43 16 116 10 8 24 33 22 21 7 18 21 81 59 36 46 0 69 63 47 70 29 48 8 4 4 3 5 208 35 33 26 38 32 20 40 3 3 76 24 23 84 51 81 27 126 105 7 10 15 15 6 41 0.5 1 2

103 103 103 103 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 27 27 27 27 53 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 63 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 47 47 47 47 76 17 17 17 21 121 94 94 94 94 76 76 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 77 77 77 119 119 119 119 119 104 104 104 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 41 42 77

Ostwald Ostwald Y

10.4° N 13.6° N

121.9° E 121.0° E

104 65 24 65

Palisa 9.4° S Palisa A 9.0° S Palisa C 7.7° S Palisa D 8.6° S Palisa E 8.4° S Palisa P 9.6° S Palisa T 8.2° S Palisa W 9.1° S Palitzsch 28.0° S Palitzsch A 26.9° S Palitzsch B 26.4° S Pallas 5.5° N Pallas A 6.0° N Pallas B 4.2° N Pallas C 4.5° N Pallas D 2.4° N Pallas E 4.0° N Pallas F 3.4° N Pallas H 4.6° N Pallas N 7.0° N Pallas V 1.7° N Pallas W 3.6° N Pallas X 5.2° N Palmetto 8.9° S Palmieri 28.6° S Palmieri A 32.2° S Palmieri B 30.8° S Palmieri E 29.2° S Palmieri G 32.5° S Palmieri H 31.5° S Palmieri J 33.6° S Palus Epidemiarum 32.0° S Palus Putredinis 26.5° N Palus Somni 14.1° N Paneth 63.0° N Paneth A 65.3° N Paneth K 61.7° N Paneth W 65.0° N Pannekoek 4.2° S Pannekoek A 0.9° S Pannekoek D 2.6° S Pannekoek R 5.4° S Pannekoek S 4.4° S Pannekoek T 4.1° S Papaleksi 10.2° N Papaleksi Q 9.0° N Paracelsus 23.0° S Paracelsus C 21.7° S Paracelsus E 23.0° S Paracelsus G 24.6° S Paracelsus H 26.0° S Paracelsus M 26.1° S Paracelsus N 25.4° S Paracelsus P 24.9° S Paracelsus Y 21.5° S Paraskevopoulos 50.4° N Paraskevopoulos E 50.6° N Paraskevopoulos H 49.7° N Paraskevopoulos N 47.2° N Paraskevopoulos Q 48.6° N Paraskevopoulos R 48.6° N Paraskevopoulos S 49.1° N Paraskevopoulos U 50.4° N Paraskevopoulos X 53.6° N Paraskevopoulos Y 53.1° N Parenago 25.9° N Parenago T 26.0° N Parenago W 27.8° N Parenago Z 28.9° N Parkhurst 33.4° S Parkhurst B 32.0° S Parkhurst D 32.8° S Parkhurst K 36.3° S Parkhurst Q 35.0° S Parkhurst X 31.5° S Parkhurst Y 29.9° S Parrot 14.5° S Parrot A 15.3° S Parrot B 13.6° S Parrot C 18.5° S Parrot D 14.2° S Parrot E 16.0° S Parrot F 16.1° S Parrot G 17.4° S Parrot H 17.6° S Parrot J 17.0° S Parrot K 14.1° S

7.2° W 6.7° W 6.4° W 6.9° W 5.7° W 7.3° W 8.2° W 6.3° W 64.5° E 65.8° E 68.4° E 1.6° W 2.3° W 2.6° W 1.1° W 2.6° W 1.4° W 1.3° W 1.5° W 0.5° E 1.5° W 1.3° W 3.2° W 15.5° E 47.7° W 48.4° W 48.2° W 48.5° W 47.6° W 47.7° W 49.3° W 28.2° W 0.4° E 45.0° E 94.8° W 94.1° W 92.9° W 101.2° W 140.5° E 141.0° E 143.5° E 138.3° E 140.1° E 138.2° E 164.0° E 162.7° E 163.1° E 165.1° E 167.2° E 165.7° E 166.2° E 163.0° E 162.0° E 161.7° E 162.7° E 149.9° W 149.4° W 147.2° W 150.8° W 152.3° W 154.7° W 154.9° W 154.7° W 152.2° W 150.4° W 108.5° W 110.7° W 109.7° W 109.0° W 103.6° E 104.4° E 105.4° E 105.2° E 101.6° E 102.3° E 102.8° E 3.3° E 2.1° E 2.5° E 1.2° E 3.6° E 2.3° E 1.4° E 2.6° E 1.2° E 1.8° E 1.8° E

33 5 9 8 18 5 12 4 41 31 39 46 11 4 6 4 26 18 5 6 3 3 3 0 40 21 9 14 9 19 10 286 161 143 65 47 31 28 71 28 28 71 18 25 97 14 83 24 66 27 12 41 7 63 26 94 24 48 26 35 23 67 30 26 46 93 18 49 18 96 30 27 11 37 12 49 70 21 10 31 21 20 19 28 19 23 44

77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 98 98 98 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 78 93 93 93 93 110 93 110 94 41 43 21 9 21 9 84 84 84 84 84 84 67 67 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 19 19 19 34 19 19 19 19 19 19 54 53 54 54 116 110 116 116 116 110 110 77 77 77 95 77 77 95 95 95 95 77

Parrot L Parrot M Parrot N Parrot O Parrot P Parrot Q Parrot R Parrot S Parrot T Parrot U Parrot V Parrot W Parrot X Parrot Y Parry Parry A (Tolansky) Parry B Parry C Parry D Parry E Parry F Parry L Parry M Parsons Parsons D Parsons E Parsons L Parsons M Parsons N Parsons P Pascal Pascal A Pascal F Pascal G Pascal J Pascal L Paschen Paschen G Paschen H Paschen K Paschen L Paschen M Paschen S Paschen U Pasteur Pasteur A Pasteur B Pasteur D Pasteur E Pasteur G Pasteur H Pasteur M Pasteur Q Pasteur S Pasteur T Pasteur U Pasteur V Pasteur Y Pasteur Z Patricia Patsaev Patsaev G (Bondarenko) Patsaev K Patsaev Q Pauli Pauli E Pavlov Pavlov G Pavlov H Pavlov M Pavlov P Pavlov T Pavlov V Pawsey Peary Pease Peek Peirce Peirce B (Swift) Peirce C Peirescius Peirescius A Peirescius B Peirescius C Peirescius D Peirescius G Peirescius H Peirescius J Pentland

18.0° S 18.0° S 13.8° S 16.9° S 18.6° S 15.1° S 13.5° S 15.9° S 15.9° S 14.1° S 13.2° S 13.2° S 14.5° S 13.9° S 7.9° S 9.5° S 8.9° S 6.8° S 7.9° S 8.3° S 7.6° S 6.3° S 8.9° S 37.3° N 38.5° N 37.6° N 33.6° N 33.8° N 34.2° N 35.2° N 74.6° N 72.9° N 75.6° N 73.0° N 72.2° N 73.8° N 13.5° S 14.3° S 16.0° S 17.9° S 16.4° S 16.1° S 14.5° S 13.2° S 11.9° S 7.0° S 8.2° S 8.8° S 10.8° S 11.6° S 12.1° S 12.2° S 13.6° S 12.2° S 11.6° S 9.8° S 9.0° S 8.0° S 6.8° S 25.0° N 16.7° S 17.1° S

0.9° E 2.0° E 0.5° E 2.6° E 3.0° E 1.1° E 3.2° E 3.6° E 4.2° E 4.5° E 0.8° E 1.5° E 1.9° E 0.7° E 15.8° W 16.0° W 13.0° W 12.7° W 15.7° W 16.3° W 14.7° W 14.7° W 14.5° W 171.2° W 168.6° W 167.8° W 170.0° W 171.7° W 173.2° W 172.8° W 70.3° W 74.6° W 75.6° W 65.7° W 69.0° W 63.0° W 139.8° W 135.4° W 135.6° W 138.9° W 139.5° W 140.0° W 142.0° W 143.0° W 104.6° E 105.7° E 105.8° E 108.8° E 108.5° E 105.7° E 106.4° E 104.6° E 101.5° E 102.0° E 100.1° E 101.5° E 100.8° E 103.5° E 104.2° E 0.3° E 133.4° E 136.8° E

7 7 5 10 6 5 10 10 8 10 24 5 4 10 47 13 1 3 3 6 4 7 26 40 54 26 31 23 43 28 115 28 27 14 14 15 124 29 27 57 38 94 48 29 224 25 20 36 19 21 21 10 24 29 41 37 22 52 15 5 55 28

95 95 77 95 95 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 2 2 2 2 2 2 88 88 88 106 106 106 88 88 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 41 102 102

18.8° S 17.8° S 44.5° S 44.1° S 28.8° S 29.1° S 28.6° S 32.3° S 33.7° S 28.0° S 26.7° S 44.5° N 88.6° N 12.5° N 2.6° N 18.3° N 19.3° N 18.8° N 46.5° S 45.2° S 45.6° S 46.2° S 48.1° S 48.1° S 45.3° S 45.1° S 64.6° S

134.5° E 132.7° E 137.5° E 141.4° E 142.5° E 145.4° E 143.5° E 141.8° E 139.5° E 138.0° E 138.0° E 145.0° E 33.0° E 106.1° W 86.9° E 53.5° E 53.4° E 49.9° E 67.6° E 71.3° E 70.5° E 71.5° E 71.9° E 67.7° E 73.1° E 66.8° E 11.5° E

53 34 84 24 148 43 18 74 44 46 38 60 73 38 12 18 11 19 61 15 18 41 43 25 8 15 56

102 102 119 118 102 102 102 118 118 102 102 31 1 72 63 44 44 43 115 115 115 115 129 128 115 115 127

Pentland A – Poisson Q

Feature Name Pentland A Pentland B Pentland C Pentland D Pentland DA Pentland E Pentland F Pentland J Pentland K Pentland L Pentland M Pentland N Pentland O Pentland P Perel’man Perel’man E Perel’man S Perepelkin Perepelkin P Perkin Perrine Perrine E Perrine G Perrine L Perrine S Perrine T Petavius Petavius A Petavius B Petavius C Petavius D Petermann Petermann A Petermann B Petermann C Petermann D Petermann E Petermann R Petermann S Petermann X Petermann Y Peters Petit (Apollonius W) Petrie Petrie U Petropavlovsky Petropavlovsky M Petrov Petrov A Petrov B Pettit Pettit C Pettit T Petzval Petzval C Petzval D Phillips Phillips A Phillips B Phillips C Phillips D Phillips E Phillips F Phillips G Phillips H Phillips W Philolaus Philolaus B Philolaus C Philolaus D Philolaus E Philolaus F Philolaus G Philolaus U Philolaus W Phocylides Phocylides A Phocylides B Phocylides C Phocylides D Phocylides E Phocylides F Phocylides G Phocylides J Phocylides K Phocylides KA Phocylides KB Phocylides L

Lat. 67.4° S 66.2° S 65.0° S 63.2° S 62.9° S 67.9° S 62.1° S 64.4° S 66.7° S 65.6° S 64.5° S 63.5° S 63.0° S 67.7° S 24.0° S 23.9° S 24.3° S 10.0° S 12.4° S 47.2° N 42.5° N 42.8° N 42.1° N 39.2° N 42.5° N 42.4° N 25.1° S 26.0° S 19.9° S 27.7° S 24.0° S 74.2° N 75.0° N 72.8° N 71.6° N 77.1° N 72.5° N 75.0° N 75.2° N 75.1° N 76.0° N 68.1° N 2.3° N

Long. 13.5° E 14.1° E 16.3° E 14.1° E 14.3° E 13.4° E 11.3° E 14.6° E 17.7° E 17.8° E 17.2° E 17.2° E 18.3° E 14.5° E 106.0° E 107.2° E 104.4° E 129.0° E 127.3° E 175.9° W 127.8° W 124.9° W 124.6° W 127.2° W 128.6° W 130.2° W 60.4° E 61.6° E 57.1° E 60.1° E 64.4° E 66.3° E 87.1° E 63.8° E 57.7° E 65.8° E 53.7° E 56.7° E 61.9° E 73.3° E 87.4° E 29.5° E 63.5° E

D 44 30 37 35 54 11 12 9 12 23 7 25 15 8 46 28 26 97 25 62 86 40 58 37 63 34 188 5 33 11 17 73 17 11 13 31 13 115 8 9 13 15 5

LAC 138 138 138 127 127 138 127 138 138 138 138 127 127 138 100 100 100 83 83 33 35 35 35 35 35 35 98 98 98 98 98 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 62

45.3° N 45.6° N 37.2° N 34.5° N 61.4° S 62.5° S 62.3° S 27.5° S 24.8° S 27.1° S 62.7° S 60.3° S 60.2° S 26.6° S 27.1° S 23.3° S 26.5° S 25.0° S 25.6° S 25.1° S 24.6° S 25.3° S 25.3° S 72.1° N 69.6° N 71.1° N 73.9° N 69.6° N 68.1° N 69.0° N 75.0° N 75.6° N 52.7° S 54.6° S 53.8° S 51.0° S 53.2° S 55.5° S 54.8° S 51.2° S 54.1° S 52.2° S 52.0° S 51.7° S 56.9° S

108.4° E 106.3° E 114.8° W 114.7° W 88.0° E 88.3° E 90.5° E 86.6° W 88.9° W 92.5° W 110.4° W 107.8° W 105.9° W 75.3° E 73.6° E 70.5° E 71.2° E 70.8° E 68.3° E 68.8° E 68.7° E 71.6° E 72.8° E 32.4° W 24.3° W 32.7° W 27.8° W 18.7° W 18.3° W 23.6° W 33.0° W 35.9° W 57.0° W 51.6° W 51.7° W 52.6° W 51.6° W 57.7° W 57.4° W 50.8° W 62.7° W 48.9° W 48.9° W 48.8° W 62.7° W

33 20 63 22 49 17 31 35 8 15 90 52 23 122 13 40 6 61 8 11 8 7 63 70 11 95 91 12 8 95 13 17 121 19 8 46 7 32 23 14 22 14 12 14 9

30 30 35 35 129 129 129 91 91 91 135 135 135 99 99 99 99 99 98 98 98 99 99 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 124 124 124 124 124 124 124 124 124 125 125 125 124

Phocylides M Phocylides N Phocylides S Phocylides V Phocylides X Phocylides Z Piazzi Piazzi A Piazzi B Piazzi C Piazzi F Piazzi G Piazzi H Piazzi K Piazzi M Piazzi N Piazzi P Piazzi Smyth Piazzi Smyth B Piazzi Smyth M Piazzi Smyth U Piazzi Smyth V Piazzi Smyth W Piazzi Smyth Y Piazzi Smyth Z Picard Picard G (Tebbutt) Picard H (Shapley) Picard K Picard L Picard M Picard N Picard P Picard X (Fahrenheit) Picard Y Picard Z (Curtis) Piccolomini Piccolomini A Piccolomini B Piccolomini C Piccolomini D Piccolomini E Piccolomini F Piccolomini G Piccolomini H Piccolomini J Piccolomini K Piccolomini L Piccolomini M Piccolomini N Piccolomini O Piccolomini P Piccolomini Q Piccolomini R Piccolomini S Piccolomini T Piccolomini W Piccolomini X Pickering Pickering A Pickering B Pickering C Pico B Pico C Pico D Pico E Pico F Pico G Pico K Pictet Pictet A Pictet C Pictet D Pictet E Pictet F Pictet N Pikel’ner Pikel’ner F Pikel’ner G Pikel’ner K Pikel’ner S Pikel’ner Y Pilatre (Hausen B) Pingre Pingre B Pingre C Pingre D Pingre E

55.5° S 52.1° S 55.9° S 56.6° S 50.5° S 50.0° S 36.6° S 39.5° S 37.5° S 37.1° S 35.7° S 40.2° S 40.2° S 37.5° S 35.9° S 35.4° S 38.8° S 41.9° N 40.5° N 45.0° N 40.8° N 40.9° N 42.2° N 42.8° N 42.1° N 14.6° N 9.6° N 9.4° N 9.7° N 10.3° N 10.3° N 10.5° N 8.9° N

60.5° W 55.5° W 59.8° W 60.6° W 50.6° W 50.8° W 67.9° W 66.7° W 66.2° W 62.6° W 61.1° W 64.6° W 65.7° W 68.0° W 67.4° W 66.0° W 67.3° W 3.2° W 3.4° W 4.2° W 2.7° W 4.7° W 1.9° W 3.4° W 4.6° W 54.7° E 53.6° E 56.9° E 54.5° E 54.3° E 54.0° E 53.6° E 53.7° E

9 15 10 8 7 8 134 13 8 28 11 10 8 8 6 16 20 13 4 2 3 7 3 4 3 22 32 23 8 8 9 20 7

124 124 124 124 124 124 109 109 109 109 110 109 109 109 109 109 109 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62

13.1° N 13.2° N 14.6° N 29.7° S 26.4° S 25.8° S 27.6° S 26.9° S 26.1° S 26.3° S 27.2° S 27.9° S 25.0° S 25.7° S 26.1° S 27.8° S 27.3° S 26.6° S 30.4° S 30.8° S 29.3° S 31.6° S 28.5° S 26.8° S 26.9° S 2.9° S 1.5° S 2.1° S 1.5° S 46.5° N 47.2° N 43.4° N 43.0° N 42.2° N 46.6° N 44.6° N 43.6° S 45.0° S 42.7° S 46.0° S 41.3° S 42.8° S 41.5° S 47.9° S 48.0° S 49.1° S 50.3° S 48.7° S 47.4° S 60.2° S

61.7° E 60.1° E 56.6° E 32.2° E 30.4° E 30.5° E 31.1° E 32.2° E 31.8° E 31.8° E 34.7° E 27.6° E 30.1° E 29.7° E 33.7° E 31.8° E 26.2° E 30.5° E 35.9° E 36.4° E 35.3° E 34.1° E 29.0° E 29.2° E 31.5° E 7.0° E 7.1° E 7.4° E 6.1° E 15.3° W 6.6° W 11.3° W 10.3° W 10.2° W 10.4° W 7.5° W 7.4° W 7.1° W 7.7° W 9 .0° W 7.7° W 6.3° W 8.1° W 123.3° E 127.6° E 128.3° E 124.8° E 120.2° E 123.1° E 86.9° W

6 6 3 87 16 12 26 17 18 72 18 9 28 8 12 23 9 11 12 14 16 21 8 6 8 15 5 6 4 12 5 7 9 4 4 3 62 34 7 21 70 11 7 47 30 24 36 62 52 50

62 62 62 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 96 97 96 97 97 96 97 97 97 97 97 96 96 97 77 77 77 77 24 25 25 25 25 25 25 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 117 130 130 130 130 117 135

58.7° S 57.6° S 58.4° S 56.6° S 56.5° S

73.7° W 65.3° W 68.3° W 84.1° W 78.9° W

88 19 23 16 14

136 124 124 135 124

Pingre F Pingre G Pingre H Pingre J Pingre K Pingre L Pingre M Pingre N Pingre P Pingre S Pingre U Pingre W Pingre X Pingre Y Pingre Z Pirquet Pirquet S Pirquet X Pitatus Pitatus A Pitatus B Pitatus C Pitatus D Pitatus E Pitatus G Pitatus H Pitatus J Pitatus K Pitatus L Pitatus M Pitatus N Pitatus P Pitatus Q Pitatus R Pitatus S Pitatus T Pitatus V Pitatus W Pitatus X Pitatus Z Pitiscus Pitiscus A Pitiscus B Pitiscus C Pitiscus D Pitiscus E Pitiscus F Pitiscus G Pitiscus J Pitiscus K Pitiscus L Pitiscus R Pitiscus S Pitiscus T Pitiscus U Pitiscus V Pitiscus W Piton A Piton B Pizzetti Pizzetti C Pizzetti W Plain Plana Plana C Plana D Plana E Plana F Plana G Planck Planck A Planck B Planck C Planck J Planck K Planck L Planck W Planck X Planck Y Planck Z Planitia Descensus Plante Plaskett Plaskett H Plaskett S Plaskett U Plaskett V Plato Plato A

59.9° S 57.9° S 54.5° S 59.1° S 55.2° S 53.8° S 53.5° S 58.1° S 54.0° S 60.3° S 56.3° S 56.4° S 58.9° S 58.4° S 55.1° S 20.3° S 20.6° S 17.2° S 29.9° S 31.4° S 32.3° S 28.4° S 30.9° S 28.9° S 29.8° S 30.5° S 26.5° S 30.4° S 29.1° S 32.1° S 31.2° S 31.0° S 30.5° S 31.1° S 27.3° S 29.4° S 28.9° S 27.9° S 28.4° S 28.3° S 50.4° S 50.3° S 47.7° S 47.1° S 49.0° S 50.9° S 46.9° S 47.6° S 48.2° S 46.3° S 51.2° S 48.6° S 47.7° S 46.9° S 48.9° S 49.3° S 50.3° S 39.8° N 39.3° N 34.9° S 33.1° S 33.8° S 26.2° N 42.2° N 42.7° N 41.7° N 40.5° N 39.8° N 39.1° N 57.9° S 54.7° S 56.0° S 53.4° S 62.9° S 65.0° S 66.9° S 56.0° S 54.3° S 55.0° S 56.4° S 7.1° N

71.0° W 68.9° W 78.8° W 68.8° W 77.7° W 85.8° W 83.6° W 83.7° W 69.5° W 82.0° W 66.0° W 70.9° W 79.3° W 78.0° W 82.7° W 139.6° E 137.7° E 138.5° E 13.5° W 13.2° W 10.4° W 12.4° W 12.0° W 10.1° W 11.4° W 15.7° W 13.5° W 8.9° W 8.6° W 11.0° W 10.9° W 10.9° W 10.8° W 14.6° W 14.0° W 11.2° W 11.7° W 11.2° W 11.6° W 10.3° W 30.9° E 30.9° E 30.5° E 28.3° E 26.5° E 29.3° E 29.5° E 25.2° E 26.5° E 29.9° E 33.6° E 28.3° E 27.6° E 27.9° E 33.3° E 34.3° E 27.7° E 1.0° W 0.1° W 118.8° E 121.1° E 117.7° E 3.6° E 28.2° E 27.1° E 26.2° E 23.6° E 24.0° E 22.9° E 136.8° E 137.3° E 137.4° E 141.3° E 145.3° E 146.2° E 141.8° E 131.2° E 129.5° E 132.0° E 135.2° E 64.4° W

16 13 37 18 13 17 19 19 16 70 12 9 9 13 12 65 30 17 106 7 16 12 10 6 18 15 5 6 5 14 12 16 12 7 12 5 5 13 19 25 82 10 25 17 22 13 13 15 7 16 9 25 28 8 6 5 24 6 5 44 10 14 2 44 14 7 6 5 9 314 19 46 43 26 23 23 17 25 40 72 1

124 124 124 124 124 135 135 135 124 135 124 124 124 124 135 102 102 102 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 95 95 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 127 127 113 113 127 127 113 113 127 113 127 127 113 113 127 127 127 25 25 117 117 117 41 26 26 26 26 26 26 131 131 131 131 131 131 131 131 130 131 131 56

10.2° S 82.1° N 80.2° N 81.6° N 83.0° N 82.5° N 51.6° N 53.0° N

163.3° E 174.3° E 165.1° W 148.7° E 160.2° E 118.5° E 9.4° W 13.7° W

37 109 20 17 14 49 109 22

85 1 1 1 1 1 12 12

Plato B Plato C Plato D Plato E Plato F Plato G Plato H Plato J Plato K Plato KA Plato L Plato M Plato O Plato P Plato Q Plato R Plato S Plato T Plato U Plato V Plato W Plato X Plato Y Playfair Playfair A Playfair B Playfair C Playfair D Playfair E Playfair F Playfair G Playfair H Playfair J Playfair K Plinius Plinius A Plinius B Plum Plummer Plummer C Plummer M Plummer N Plummer R Plummer W Plutarch Plutarch C Plutarch D Plutarch F Plutarch G Plutarch H Plutarch K Plutarch L Plutarch M Plutarch N Poczobutt Poczobutt J Poczobutt R Pogson Pogson C Pogson F Pogson G Poincare Poincare C Poincare J Poincare Q Poincare R (Callieux) Poincare X Poincare Z Poinsot Poinsot E Poinsot K Poinsot P Poisson Poisson A Poisson B Poisson C Poisson D Poisson E Poisson F Poisson G Poisson H Poisson J Poisson K Poisson L Poisson M Poisson N Poisson O Poisson P Poisson Q

53.0° N 53.2° N 49.6° N 49.7° N 51.7° N 52.1° N 55.1° N 49.0° N 46.8° N 46.8° N 51.6° N 53.1° N 52.3° N 51.5° N 54.5° N 53.8° N 53.8° N 54.5° N 49.6° N 55.8° N 57.2° N 50.1° N 53.1° N 23.5° S 22.3° S 23.2° S 24.3° S 24.3° S 21.7° S 21.9° S 24.2° S 23.3° S 24.3° S 23.3° S 15.4° N 13.0° N 14.1° N 9.0° S 25.0° S 23.7° S 26.8° S 27.7° S 26.0° S 23.9° S 24.1° N 23.1° N 24.3° N 23.5° N 23.0° N 24.4° N 25.1° N 25.8° N 23.8° N 23.8° N 57.1° N 56.6° N 56.0° N 42.2° S 41.5° S 42.0° S 42.7° S 56.7° S 54.4° S 59.4° S 59.3° S 60.2° S

17.2° W 19.4° W 14.5° W 16.2° W 17.4° W 6.3° W 2.0° W 4.6° W 3.3° W 3.6° W 4.3° W 15.4° W 15.4° W 15.2° W 4.8° W 18.3° W 14.9° W 11.2° W 7.4° W 7.4° W 17.8° W 13.8° W 16.3° W 8.4° E 6.9° E 7.6° E 8.0° E 8.8° E 8.9° E 8.1° E 6.7° E 8.5° E 9.3° E 9.8° E 23.7° E 24.2° E 26.2° E 15.5° E 155.0° W 153.1° W 154.9° W 156.3° W 157.7° W 156.2° W 79.0° E 71.0° E 75.7° E 73.5° E 75.2° E 72.7° E 72.8° E 71.6° E 77.6° E 77.1° E 98.8° W 96.8° W 103.5° W 110.5° E 111.5° E 114.6° E 112.7° E 163.6° E 169.0° E 168.7° E 160.9° E 155.0° E

13 10 10 7 7 8 11 8 6 6 10 8 9 8 8 6 6 8 6 6 4 5 10 47 21 6 5 5 6 5 94 4 4 4 43 4 5 0 73 29 41 42 22 33 68 11 15 12 11 11 11 8 11 12 195 24 39 50 20 35 39 319 20 20 26 52

12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 25 25 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 60 60 60 78 105 105 105 105 105 105 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 21 21 21 117 117 117 117 132 132 132 132 131

53.8° S 53.7° S 79.5° N 80.2° N 77.6° N 77.2° N 30.4° S 29.6° S 30.8° S 33.1° S 31.4° S 34.2° S 33.7° S 31.7° S 33.0° S 35.0° S 32.7° S 32.7° S 33.9° S 30.7° S 35.0° S 31.9° S 32.6° S

161.9° E 164.9° E 145.7° W 129.8° W 141.3° W 149.7° W 10.6° E 9.1° E 10.9° E 8.6° E 7.7° E 8.6° E 8.0° E 7.4° E 7.4° E 8.3° E 9.6° E 8.2° E 7.6° E 8.4° E 9.1° E 8.9° E 10.2° E

19 35 68 25 16 27 42 17 11 26 12 14 14 16 19 27 13 16 7 4 4 7 28

132 132 8 1 8 8 96 95 96 112 95 112 112 95 112 112 112 112 112 95 112 95 113

309

Poisson R – Regiomontanus T

Feature Name Poisson R Poisson S Poisson T Poisson U Poisson V Poisson W Poisson X Poisson Z Polybius Polybius A Polybius B Polybius C Polybius D Polybius E Polybius F Polybius G Polybius H Polybius J Polybius K Polybius L Polybius M Polybius N Polybius P Polybius Q Polybius R Polybius T Polybius V Polzunov Polzunov J Polzunov N Pomortsev (Dubyago P) Poncelet Poncelet A Poncelet B Poncelet C Poncelet D Poncelet H Poncelet P Poncelet Q Poncelet R Poncelet S Pons Pons A Pons B Pons C Pons D Pons E Pons F Pons G Pons H Pons J Pons K Pons L Pons M Pons N Pons P Pontanus Pontanus A Pontanus B Pontanus C Pontanus D Pontanus E Pontanus F Pontanus G Pontanus H Pontanus J Pontanus K Pontanus L Pontanus M Pontanus N Pontanus O Pontanus P Pontanus Q Pontanus R Pontanus S Pontanus T Pontanus U Pontanus V Pontanus W Pontanus X Pontanus Y Pontanus Z Pontecoulant Pontecoulant A Pontecoulant B Pontecoulant C Pontecoulant D Pontecoulant E

310

Lat. 30.0° S 29.9° S 31.1° S 31.6° S 32.0° S 29.6° S 29.0° S 29.6° S 22.4° S 23.0° S 25.5° S 22.0° S 26.9° S 24.4° S 22.2° S 22.5° S 21.1° S 22.7° S 24.3° S 22.0° S 21.3° S 23.4° S 21.5° S 25.1° S 25.6° S 26.1° S 25.2° S 25.3° N 23.6° N 23.7° N 0.7° N

Long. 8.4° E 11.4° E 9.2° E 10.3° E 10.6° E 11.9° E 12.3° E 10.5° E 25.6° E 28.0° E 25.5° E 23.6° E 27.9° E 26.2° E 23.0° E 22.7° E 22.7° E 23.5° E 24.3° E 28.2° E 22.1° E 26.8° E 22.9° E 27.5° E 27.3° E 25.5° E 29.1° E 114.6° E 117.4° E 113.8° E 66.9° E

D 5 4 25 25 16 3 5 5 41 17 12 29 9 9 21 5 8 9 14 7 6 13 17 6 7 12 6 67 30 35 23

LAC 95 96 95 96 113 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 47 47 47 62

75.8° N 79.5° N 78.6° N 77.4° N 77.7° N 75.7° N 80.6° N 79.9° N 79.3° N 78.7° N 25.3° S 27.3° S 28.7° S 27.9° S 25.5° S 25.8° S 23.7° S 28.3° S 26.9° S 24.9° S 27.4° S 27.5° S 27.1° S 26.0° S 25.0° S 28.4° S 31.1° S 30.9° S 30.0° S 25.9° S 25.2° S 27.8° S 30.6° S 31.4° S 30.0° S 25.7° S 28.6° S 29.7° S 24.6° S 26.0° S 29.9° S 27.4° S 28.1° S 31.4° S 29.2° S 29.5° S 29.2° S 29.1° S 28.5° S 28.7° S 27.9° S 58.7° S 57.7° S 57.9° S 55.6° S 60.2° S 60.5° S

54.1° W 74.7° W 62.3° W 73.7° W 70.0° W 55.2° W 61.1° W 59.9° W 57.3° W 56.2° W 21.5° E 20.0° E 20.7° E 22.3° E 22.1° E 23.8° E 21.2° E 21.4° E 22.3° E 22.2° E 22.8° E 20.9° E 24.1° E 23.0° E 23.1° E 14.4° E 15.3° E 15.9° E 15.5° E 13.2° E 13.2° E 11.6° E 15.3° E 16.1° E 13.1° E 12.7° E 13.4° E 14.1° E 13.8° E 14.1° E 14.8° E 14.5° E 15.6° E 16.8° E 16.6° E 17.5° E 13.2° E 17.6° E 15.8° E 17.2° E 12.9° E 66.0° E 62.9° E 58.5° E 59.1° E 71.9° E 64.5° E

69 31 32 67 23 7 15 14 10 10 41 12 13 18 15 18 12 6 10 5 7 8 11 6 5 57 10 12 23 20 13 10 21 30 9 9 6 5 10 10 3 5 6 7 8 5 33 7 13 23 5 91 19 39 30 10 44

2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 128 128 128 128 129 128

Pontecoulant F Pontecoulant G Pontecoulant H Pontecoulant J Pontecoulant K Pontecoulant L Pontecoulant M Popov Popov D Popov W Porter Porter B Porter C Posidonius Posidonius A Posidonius B Posidonius C Posidonius E Posidonius F Posidonius G Posidonius J Posidonius M Posidonius N Posidonius P Posidonius W Posidonius Y Posidonius Z Powell Poynting Poynting X Prager Prager C Prager E Prager G Prandtl Priestley Priestley K Priestley X Prinz Prinz A Prinz B Priscilla Proclus Proclus A Proclus C Proclus D Proclus E Proclus F (Crile) Proclus G Proclus J Proclus K Proclus L Proclus M Proclus P Proclus R Proclus S Proclus T Proclus U Proclus V Proclus W Proclus X Proclus Y Proclus Z Proctor Proctor A Proctor B Proctor C Proctor D Proctor E Proctor F Proctor G Proctor H Promontorium Agarum Promontorium Agassiz Promontorium Archerusia Promontorium Deville Promontorium Fresnel Promontorium Heraclides Promontorium Kelvin Promontorium Laplace Promontorium Taenarium

57.4° S 57.2° S 58.4° S 61.6° S 61.5° S 59.0° S 60.8° S 17.2° N 17.8° N 19.1° N 56.1° S 54.4° S 54.8° S 31.8° N 31.7° N 33.1° N 31.1° N 30.5° N 32.8° N 34.8° N 33.8° N 34.3° N 29.7° N 33.6° N 31.6° N 30.0° N 30.7° N 20.2° N 18.1° N 23.3° N 3.9° S 1.4° S 3.0° S 4.6° S 60.1° S 57.3° S 59.0° S 56.5° S 25.5° N 26.3° N 26.8° N 10.9° S 16.1° N 13.4° N 12.9° N 17.5° N 16.6° N 14.2° N 12.7° N 17.1° N 16.5° N 17.1° N 16.4° N 15.3° N 15.8° N 15.7° N 15.4° N 15.2° N 14.8° N 17.5° N 17.7° N 17.5° N 17.9° N 46.4° S 47.0° S 46.4° S 47.7° S 46.1° S 45.4° S 47.7° S 47.7° S 45.7° S 14.0° N

67.7° E 60.1° E 65.2° E 64.3° E 61.0° E 59.7° E 74.1° E 99.7° E 102.6° E 97.8° E 10.1° W 8.6° W 10.3° W 29.9° E 29.5° E 30.9° E 29.6° E 19.7° E 27.1° E 27.2° E 30.7° E 30.0° E 21.0° E 27.5° E 20.1° E 24.9° E 22.9° E 30.8° E 133.4° W 136.2° W 130.5° E 132.4° E 133.1° E 134.0° E 141.8° E 108.4° E 110.5° E 107.8° E 44.1° W 43.6° W 43.2° W 6.2° W 46.8° E 42.3° E 43.6° E 41.0° E 40.9° E 46.0° E 42.7° E 44.0° E 46.2° E 46.4° E 45.2° E 48.7° E 45.5° E 47.9° E 46.7° E 48.0° E 48.3° E 46.2° E 45.1° E 44.9° E 44.7° E 5.1° W 6.7° W 6.7° W 6.6° W 6.0° W 5.1° W 5.2° W 4.8° W 2.5° W 66.0° E

60 36 9 39 13 17 10 65 15 25 51 12 12 95 11 14 3 3 6 5 22 10 6 15 3 2 6 1 128 22 60 40 14 76 91 52 35 14 46 4 4 1.8 28 15 10 13 12 9 33 6 16 9 8 30 28 18 21 13 19 7 6 8 6 52 8 8 5 12 8 7 7 5 70

128 128 128 128 128 128 129 46 46 46 126 126 126 26 42 26 42 42 26 26 26 26 42 26 42 42 42 43 52 52 84 84 84 84 131 130 130 130 39 39 39 77 43 61 61 43 43 61 61 43 43 43 43 61 61 61 61 61 61 43 43 43 43 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 62

42.0° N

1.8° E

20

25

16.7° N

22.0° E

10

42

43.2° N

1.0° E

20

25

29.0° N

4.7° E

20

41

40.3° N

33.2° W

50

24

27.0° S

33.0° W

50

93

46.0° N

25.8° W

50

24

19.0° S

8.0° W

70

95

Protagoras Protagoras B Protagoras E Ptolemaeus Ptolemaeus A (Ammonius) Ptolemaeus B Ptolemaeus C Ptolemaeus D Ptolemaeus E Ptolemaeus G Ptolemaeus H Ptolemaeus J Ptolemaeus K Ptolemaeus L Ptolemaeus M Ptolemaeus O Ptolemaeus P Ptolemaeus R Ptolemaeus S Ptolemaeus T Ptolemaeus W Ptolemaeus X Ptolemaeus Y Puiseux Puiseux A Puiseux B Puiseux C Puiseux D Puiseux F Puiseux G Puiseux H Pupin (Timocharis K) Purbach Purbach A Purbach B Purbach C Purbach D Purbach E Purbach F Purbach G Purbach H Purbach J Purbach K Purbach L Purbach M Purbach N Purbach O Purbach P Purbach Q Purbach R Purbach S Purbach T Purbach U Purbach V Purbach W Purbach X Purbach Y Purkyne Purkyne D Purkyne K Purkyne S Purkyne U Purkyne V Pythagoras Pythagoras B Pythagoras D Pythagoras G Pythagoras H Pythagoras K Pythagoras L Pythagoras M Pythagoras N Pythagoras P Pythagoras S Pythagoras T Pythagoras W Pytheas Pytheas A Pytheas B Pytheas C Pytheas D Pytheas E Pytheas F Pytheas G Pytheas H Pytheas J Pytheas K Pytheas L

56.0° N 56.3° N 49.5° N 9.3° S 8.5° S

7.3° E 5.7° E 0.5° E 1.9° W 0.8° W

21 4 6 164 9

12 12 12 77 77

7.9° S 10.1° S 8.2° S 10.2° S 7.1° S 7.1° S 9.6° S 8.2° S 8.8° S 9.4° S 7.2° S 11.4° S 6.7° S 10.5° S 7.5° S 9.1° S 10.9° S 9.3° S 27.8° S 26.5° S 25.7° S 24.7° S 25.7° S 23.4° S 28.2° S 27.4° S 23.8° N

0.7° W 3.3° W 2.5° W 4.5° W 0.1° E 5.4° W 5.4° W 4.6° W 4.0° W 3.4° W 3.6° W 3.2° W 1.2° W 0.5° W 0.0° E 1.4° E 0.3° E 0.7° E 39.0° W 39.7° W 38.8° W 37.8° W 36.1° W 38.8° W 37.8° W 37.0° W 11.0° W

17 3 4 32 7 7 5 8 4 3 5 4 6 4 7 4 4 6 24 3 4 3 7 4 3 3 2

77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 40

25.5° S 26.1° S 26.9° S 27.7° S 22.8° S 21.7° S 24.6° S 23.9° S 25.5° S 27.5° S 25.2° S 25.1° S 24.8° S 26.2° S 24.7° S 26.4° S 25.9° S 26.5° S 27.3° S 24.6° S 27.0° S 26.7° S 25.5° S 25.4° S 25.8° S 1.6° S 1.0° S 2.7° S 1.8° S 0.7° S 0.8° S 63.5° N 66.1° N 64.5° N 67.8° N 67.1° N 67.3° N 67.3° N 67.5° N 66.6° N 65.3° N 67.7° N 62.5° N 63.1° N 20.5° N 20.5° N 17.5° N 18.8° N 21.1° N 18.1° N 16.5° N 21.6° N 20.5° N 21.6° N 19.9° N 18.6° N

2.3° W 1.9° W 4.2° W 4.6° W 1.6° W 0.7° W 0.0° W 2.8° W 5.6° W 3.9° W 4.6° W 5.0° W 4.4° W 5.4° W 3.8° W 3.7° W 0.0° W 3.2° W 2.3° W 0.9° W 2.0° W 0.3° W 2.3° W 1.1° W 6.8° W 94.9° E 96.0° E 95.4° E 90.6° E 91.9° E 92.7° E 63.0° W 73.0° W 72.0° W 75.3° W 73.3° W 75.4° W 77.6° W 81.1° W 78.1° W 75.2° W 64.7° W 51.4° W 48.9° W 20.6° W 21.7° W 19.4° W 19.1° W 20.5° W 19.0° W 19.1° W 17.7° W 16.5° W 21.1° W 16.2° W 16.9° W

115 8 16 18 12 23 9 27 29 12 8 17 17 7 5 5 4 4 9 5 15 6 20 4 16 48 13 21 34 51 24 142 17 30 16 18 12 12 10 14 10 8 6 4 20 6 4 4 5 4 5 4 3 3 2 3

95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 5 95 95 95 95 95 95 82 82 82 82 82 82 10 2 2 2 2 2 2 9 2 2 2 10 11 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40

Pytheas M Pytheas N Pytheas U Pytheas W

19.9° N 22.5° N 21.7° N 21.7° N

17.7° W 20.5° W 19.4° W 23.7° W

3 3 3 3

40 40 40 40

Quetelet Quetelet T

43.1° N 42.8° N

134.9° W 55 137.6° W 46

34 34

Rabbi Levi Rabbi Levi A Rabbi Levi B Rabbi Levi C Rabbi Levi D Rabbi Levi E Rabbi Levi F Rabbi Levi G Rabbi Levi H Rabbi Levi J Rabbi Levi L Rabbi Levi M Rabbi Levi N Rabbi Levi O Rabbi Levi P Rabbi Levi Q Rabbi Levi R Rabbi Levi S Rabbi Levi T Rabbi Levi U Racah Racah B Racah J Racah K Racah N Racah T Racah U Racah W Racah X Raimond Raimond K Raimond Q Raman (Herodotus D) Ramsay Ramsay U Ramsden Ramsden A Ramsden G Ramsden H Rankine Raspletin Ravi Ravine Rayet Rayet H Rayet P Rayet Y Rayleigh Rayleigh A Rayleigh B Rayleigh C Rayleigh D Razumov Razumov C Reaumur Reaumur A Reaumur B Reaumur C Reaumur D Reaumur K Reaumur R Reaumur W Reaumur X Reaumur Y Recht Regiomontanus Regiomontanus A Regiomontanus B Regiomontanus C Regiomontanus E Regiomontanus F Regiomontanus G Regiomontanus H Regiomontanus J Regiomontanus K Regiomontanus L Regiomontanus M Regiomontanus N Regiomontanus R Regiomontanus S Regiomontanus T

34.7° S 34.3° S 34.5° S 34.3° S 35.4° S 36.7° S 36.0° S 36.9° S 36.4° S 37.6° S 34.7° S 35.2° S 36.4° S 35.7° S 34.5° S 33.7° S 33.6° S 34.2° S 36.2° S 35.6° S 13.8° S 10.5° S 16.5° S 16.8° S 17.0° S 13.8° S 13.2° S 12.5° S 10.2° S 14.6° N 13.3° N 11.6° N 27.0° N

23.6° E 22.7° E 24.8° E 27.0° E 22.8° E 22.1° E 20.5° E 22.0° E 20.2° E 22.7° E 23.0° E 23.2° E 23.7° E 25.1° E 25.8° E 25.8° E 28.2° E 27.5° E 22.4° E 21.9° E 179.8° W 178.4° W 177.4° W 178.6° W 179.0° E 177.5° E 177.2° E 178.9° E 179.0° E 159.3° W 158.2° W 161.7° W 55.1° W

81 12 13 20 10 35 12 12 8 7 13 11 8 7 15 6 12 14 10 14 63 27 37 52 35 21 25 39 14 70 34 32 10

113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 86 86 104 104 104 86 86 86 86 69 69 69 38

40.2° S 40.0° S 32.9° S 33.4° S 35.3° S 35.7° S 3.9° S 22.5° S 22.5° S 8.9° S 44.7° N 43.4° N 43.3° N 47.2° N 29.3° N 27.9° N 28.9° N 31.4° N 28.9° N 39.1° N 40.8° N 2.4° S 4.3° S 4.2° S 3.4° S 0.2° S 3.8° S 3.5° S 3.2° S 2.9° S 1.3° S 9.8° N 28.3° S 28.0° S 29.0° S 28.7° S 28.2° S 27.8° S 28.2° S 28.6° S 29.4° S 30.3° S 29.7° S 29.6° S 28.9° S 28.4° S 28.6° S 28.1° S

144.5° E 142.4° E 31.8° W 31.3° W 31.6° W 32.4° W 71.5° E 151.8° E 151.8° E 15.6° E 114.5° E 116.7° E 114.0° E 113.0° E 89.6° E 87.4° E 88.4° E 85.7° E 89.7° E 114.3° W 112.4° W 0.7° E 0.2° E 0.9° E 0.2° E 2.8° E 1.0° E 2.1° E 2.8° E 0.6° W 0.6° E 124.0° E 1.0° W 0.6° W 3.7° W 5.2° W 6.2° W 1.9° W 3.6° W 4.0° W 1.9° W 0.0° W 1.1° E 2.1° W 0.1° E 0.0° W 2.0° W 2.9° W

81 23 24 5 11 11 8 48 2.5 1 27 16 17 14 114 38 14 22 22 70 48 52 16 5 5 4 7 14 3 5 3 20 108 6 10 8 6 11 5 6 8 6 6 5 3 3 4 5

118 118 111 111 111 111 81 103 103 78 30 30 30 30 45 45 45 45 45 35 35 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 65 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95

Regiomontanus U – Rosenberger G

Feature Name Regiomontanus U Regiomontanus W Regiomontanus Y Regiomontanus Z Regnault Regnault C Regnault W Reichenbach Reichenbach A Reichenbach B Reichenbach C Reichenbach D Reichenbach F Reichenbach G Reichenbach H Reichenbach J Reichenbach K Reichenbach L Reichenbach M Reichenbach N Reichenbach P Reichenbach Q Reichenbach R Reichenbach S Reichenbach T Reichenbach U Reichenbach W Reichenbach X Reichenbach Y Reichenbach Z Reimarus Reimarus A Reimarus B Reimarus C Reimarus F Reimarus H Reimarus R Reimarus S Reimarus T Reimarus U Reiner Reiner A Reiner C Reiner E Reiner G Reiner H Reiner K Reiner L Reiner M Reiner N Reiner Q Reiner R Reiner S Reiner T Reiner U Reiner Gamma Reinhold Reinhold A Reinhold B Reinhold C Reinhold D Reinhold F Reinhold G Reinhold H Reinhold N Repsold Repsold A Repsold B Repsold C Repsold G Repsold H Repsold N Repsold R Repsold S Repsold T Repsold V Repsold W Resnik (Borman X) Respighi Rhaeticus Rhaeticus A Rhaeticus B Rhaeticus D Rhaeticus E Rhaeticus F Rhaeticus G Rhaeticus H Rhaeticus J

Lat. 27.9° S 29.5° S 30.1° S 27.5° S 54.1° N 55.2° N 53.5° N 30.3° S 28.3° S 28.4° S 29.3° S 28.1° S 31.4° S 31.7° S 28.9° S 30.7° S 28.8° S 30.5° S 33.0° S 30.5° S 32.0° S 32.4° S 26.9° S 27.1° S 29.3° S 32.7° S 30.7° S 30.9° S 31.2° S 31.9° S 47.7° S 48.8° S 49.5° S 50.2° S 49.5° S 49.3° S 47.7° S 47.8° S 48.4° S 48.5° S 7.0° N 5.2° N 3.5° N 1.9° N 3.3° N 9.1° N 8.1° N 8.0° N 8.6° N 5.4° N 1.4° N 3.7° N 2.2° N 3.7° N 4.1° N 7.5° N 3.3° N 4.1° N 4.3° N 4.4° N 2.6° N 3.4° N 4.8° N 4.2° N 1.6° N 51.3° N 51.8° N 53.2° N 48.9° N 50.5° N 51.7° N 49.0° N 49.8° N 47.8° N 47.7° N 50.8° N 52.6° N 33.8° S

Long. 3.5° W 1.4° W 1.6° W 3.0° W 88.0° W 89.2° W 89.9° W 48.0° E 49.0° E 48.0° E 43.9° E 44.7° E 48.4° E 49.4° E 49.7° E 49.4° E 42.4° E 46.7° E 46.5° E 43.9° E 49.9° E 50.2° E 42.9° E 43.1° E 45.7° E 49.5° E 43.1° E 43.9° E 43.6° E 46.0° E 60.3° E 59.9° E 60.6° E 59.5° E 58.7° E 62.3° E 63.9° E 62.8° E 63.5° E 62.2° E 54.9° W 51.4° W 51.5° W 49.6° W 54.3° W 54.7° W 53.9° W 54.6° W 56.1° W 57.5° W 50.9° W 55.5° W 50.7° W 52.2° W 52.5° W 59.0° W 22.8° W 21.7° W 21.7° W 24.5° W 24.5° W 21.4° W 19.8° W 20.9° W 25.4° W 78.6° W 77.0° W 75.8° W 73.6° W 80.6° W 81.6° W 78.2° W 72.2° W 75.2° W 79.9° W 75.4° W 79.8° W 150.1° W

D 11 3 5 6 46 14 15 71 34 44 27 35 15 15 10 15 11 8 13 14 12 10 7 9 64 14 18 11 16 15 48 29 16 11 7 10 35 9 24 20 29 10 7 4 3 8 3 6 3 4 3 45 4 2 3 70 42 4 26 4 2 5 3 4 4 109 9 38 133 44 12 14 13 9 13 7 10 20

LAC 95 95 95 95 21 21 21 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 114 97 97 114 97 97 97 114 97 97 97 97 128 128 128 128 128 128 115 115 128 128 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 10 10 10 10 21 21 10 10 10 10 10 10 121

2.8° N 0.0° N 1.8° N 1.7° N 0.9° N 0.1° S 0.1° S 1.0° N 1.0° S 0.7° S

71.9° E 4.9° E 5.2° E 6.8° E 6.2° E 6.0° E 6.5° E 6.4° E 5.4° E 3.2° E

18 45 11 6 7 5 18 6 6 4

63 59 59 59 59 77 77 79 59 77

Rhaeticus L Rhaeticus M Rhaeticus N Rheita Rheita A Rheita B Rheita C Rheita D Rheita E Rheita F Rheita G Rheita H Rheita L Rheita M Rheita N Rheita P Rhysling Riccioli Riccioli C Riccioli CA Riccioli F Riccioli G Riccioli H Riccioli K Riccioli U Riccioli Y Riccius Riccius A Riccius B Riccius C Riccius D Riccius E Riccius G Riccius H Riccius J Riccius K Riccius L Riccius M Riccius N Riccius O Riccius P Riccius R Riccius S Riccius T Riccius W Riccius X Riccius Y Ricco Richards Richardson Richardson E Richardson W Riedel Riedel G Riedel Q Riedel Z Riemann Riemann A (Beals) Riemann B Riemann J Rima Agatharchides Rima Agricola Rima Archytas Rima Ariadaeus Rima Artsimovich Rima Billy Rima Birt Rima Bradley Rima Brayley Rima Calippus Rima Cardanus Rima Carmen Rima Cauchy Rima Cleomedes Rima Cleopatra Rima Conon Rima Dawes Rima Delisle Rima Diophantus Rima Draper Rima Euler Rima Flammarion Rima Furnerius Rima G. Bond Rima G|:Artner Rima Galilaei Rima Gay-Lussac Rima Hadley

0.2° N 1.0° N 1.2° N 37.1° S 38.0° S 39.1° S 35.1° S 39.1° S 34.2° S 35.4° S 40.5° S 39.8° S 37.7° S 35.3° S 35.1° S 37.9° S 26.1° N 3.3° S 0.6° N 0.6° N 8.6° S 1.3° S 1.1° N 2.2° S 5.7° S 3.0° S 36.9° S 35.9° S 37.5° S 36.2° S 40.3° S 39.9° S 38.5° S 35.4° S 40.7° S 39.1° S 41.5° S 37.8° S 41.1° S 36.2° S 35.7° S 41.4° S 37.0° S 36.3° S 38.9° S 38.8° S 35.8° S 75.6° N 7.7° N 31.1° N 31.9° N 33.5° N 48.9° S 49.2° S 49.9° S 47.4° S 38.9° N 37.3° N

3.6° E 3.8° E 4.2° E 47.2° E 50.0° E 52.8° E 44.2° E 50.1° E 49.1° E 48.4° E 54.3° E 51.7° E 52.9° E 50.1° E 49.5° E 44.4° E 3.7° E 74.6° W 73.0° W 73.0° W 73.9° W 71.0° W 74.9° W 77.5° W 72.8° W 73.2° W 26.5° E 27.4° E 27.8° E 28.8° E 28.9° E 26.4° E 24.4° E 26.1° E 26.0° E 25.7° E 26.8° E 26.4° E 27.6° E 27.8° E 28.1° E 30.7° E 26.5° E 25.0° E 25.2° E 26.7° E 29.1° E 176.3° E 140.1° E 100.5° E 103.6° E 98.3° E 139.6° W 133.6° W 141.7° W 139.7° W 86.8° E 86.5° E

14 7 12 70 11 21 8 6 66 14 15 7 10 25 8 11 0.1 139 31 14 28 15 18 43 9 7 71 24 19 24 17 22 13 20 13 6 8 14 13 9 11 7 11 7 19 11 10 65 16 141 22 23 47 26 25 30 163 48

59 59 59 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 41 73 55 55 73 73 55 73 73 73 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 7 66 46 46 29 134 134 134 134 29 29

41.6° N 37.4° N 20.0° S

85.2° E 90.2° E 28.0° W

24 39 50

29 29 94

29.0° N 53.0° N 6.4° N 27.0° N 15.0° S 21.0° S 23.8° N 21.4° N 37.0° N 11.4° N 19.8° N 10.5° N 27.0° N 30.0° N 18.6° N 17.5° N 31.0° N 29.0° N 18.0° N 21.0° N 2.8° S 35.0° S 33.3° N 59.0° N 11.9° N 13.0° N 25.0° N

53.0° W 3.0° E 14.0° E 39.0° W 48.0° W 9.0° W 1.2° W 37.5° W 13.0° E 71.5° W 29.3° E 38.0° E 57.0° E 53.8° W 2.0° E 26.6° E 32.0° W 33.0° W 25.0° W 31.0° W 5.6° W 61.0° E 35.5° E 36.0° E 58.5° W 22.0° W 3.0° E

110 90 250 70 70 50 161 311 40 175 10 140 80 14 30 15 60 150 160 90 80 50 168 30 89 40 80

38 12 60 39 75 95 41 39 26 55 42 61 44 38 41 42 39 39 40 39 77 115 27 13 56 58 41

Rima Hansteen Rima Hesiodus Rima Hyginus Rima Jansen Rima Krieger Rima Mairan Rima Marcello Rima Marius Rima Messier Rima Milichius Rima Oppolzer Rima Reaumur Rima Reiko Rima Rudolf Rima Schroter Rima Sharp Rima Sheepshanks Rima Siegfried Rima Suess Rima Sung-Mei Rima T. Mayer Rima Vladimir Rima Wan-Yu Rima Yangel’ Rima Zahia Rimae Alphonsus Rimae Apollonius Rimae Archimedes Rimae Aristarchus Rimae Arzachel Rimae Atlas Rimae Bode Rimae Boscovich Rimae Burg Rimae Chacornac Rimae Daniell Rimae Darwin Rimae De Gasparis Rimae Doppelmayer Rimae Focas Rimae Fresnel Rimae Gassendi Rimae Gerard Rimae Goclenius Rimae Grimaldi Rimae Gutenberg Rimae Herigonius Rimae Hevelius Rimae Hippalus Rimae Hypatia Rimae Janssen Rimae Kopff Rimae Liebig Rimae Littrow Rimae Maclear Rimae Maestlin Rimae Maupertuis Rimae Menelaus Rimae Mersenius Rimae Opelt Rimae Palmieri Rimae Parry Rimae Petavius Rimae Pettit Rimae Pitatus Rimae Plato Rimae Plinius Rimae Posidonius Rimae Prinz Rimae Ramsden Rimae Repsold Rimae Riccioli Rimae Ritter Rimae Romer Rimae Secchi Rimae Sirsalis Rimae Sosigenes Rimae Sulpicius Gallus Rimae Taruntius Rimae Theaetetus Rimae Triesnecker Rimae Vasco Da Gama Rimae Zupus Ritchey Ritchey A

12.0° S 30.0° S 7.4° N 14.5° N 29.0° N 38.0° N 18.6° N 16.5° N 1.0° S 8.0° N 1.7° S 3.0° S 18.6° N 19.6° N 1.0° N 46.7° N 58.0° N

53.0° W 20.0° W 7.8° E 29.0° E 45.6° W 47.0° W 27.7° E 48.9° W 45.0° E 33.0° W 1.0° E 3.0° E 27.7° E 29.6° E 6.0° W 50.5° W 24.0° E

25 256 219 35 22 90 2 121 100 100 94 30 2 8 40 107 200

74 94 59 60 39 23 42 39 79 57 77 77 42 42 59 23 13

25.9° S 6.7° N 24.6° N 13.0° N 25.2° N 20.0° N 16.7° N 25.0° N 14.0° S 5.0° N 26.6° N 26.9° N 18.0° S 47.5° N 10.0° N 9.8° N 44.5° N 29.0° N 37.0° N 19.3° S 24.6° S

103.0° E 48.2° W 11.3° E 31.0° W 0.7° W 31.5° W 4.6° E 29.5° W 2.0° W 53.0° E 4.1° W 47.5° W 2.0° W 43.6° E 4.0° W 11.1° E 23.8° E 32.0° E 26.0° E 69.5° W 51.1° W

14 165 4 50 14 12 30 16 80 230 169 121 50 60 70 40 147 120 200 143 93

100 57 42 57 41 39 41 39 77 62 41 39 95 27 59 60 26 43 26 92 92

25.9° S

45.1° W

162 93

28.0° S 28.0° N 18.0° S 46.0° N 8.0° S 9.0° S 5.0° S 13.0° S 1.0° N 25.5° S 0.4° S 45.6° S 17.4° S 20.0° S 22.1° N 13.0° N 2.0° N 52.0° N 17.2° N 21.5° S 13.0° S 28.0° S 6.1° S 25.9° S 23.0° S 28.5° S 52.9° N 17.9° N 32.0° N 27.0° N 33.9° S 50.6° N 2.0° S 3.0° N 27.0° N 1.0° N 15.7° S 8.6° N 21.0° N

98.0° W 4.0° E 40.0° W 84.0° W 43.0° E 64.0° W 38.0° E 37.0° W 68.0° W 29.2° W 22.4° E 40.0° E 89.6° W 45.0° W 29.9° E 20.0° E 40.0° W 23.0° W 17.9° E 49.2° W 18.0° W 47.0° W 16.8° W 58.9° E 92.0° W 13.8° W 3.2° W 23.6° E 28.7° E 43.0° W 31.4° W 81.7° W 74.0° W 18.0° E 35.0° E 44.0° E 61.7° W 18.7° E 10.0° E

100 90 70 100 240 230 330 100 182 191 206 114 41 140 115 110 80 60 131 84 70 150 82 80 450 94 87 124 70 80 108 166 400 100 110 35 426 190 90

108 41 93 22 79 74 79 75 56 94 78 114 108 93 43 60 57 11 42 93 76 73 76 98 108 94 12 42 42 39 111 21 73 60 43 61 92 60 42

5.5° N 33.0° N 4.3° N 10.0° N

46.5° E 6.0° E 4.6° E 82.0° W

25 50 215 60

61 25 59 55

15.0° S 11.1° S 11.3° S

53.0° W 8.5° E 7.7° E

120 74 24 77 6 77

Ritchey B Ritchey C Ritchey D Ritchey E Ritchey F Ritchey J Ritchey M Ritchey N Rittenhouse Ritter Ritter B Ritter C Ritter D Ritz Ritz B Ritz J Robert Roberts Roberts M Roberts N Roberts P Roberts Q Roberts R Robertson Robertson Robinson Rocca Rocca A Rocca B Rocca C Rocca D Rocca E Rocca F Rocca G Rocca H Rocca J Rocca L Rocca M Rocca N Rocca P Rocca Q Rocca R Rocca S Rocca T Rocca W Rocca Z Rocco Roche Roche B Roche C Roche U Roche V Roche W Romeo Romer Romer A Romer B Romer C Romer D Romer E Romer F Romer G Romer H Romer J Romer K Romer L Romer M Romer N Romer P Romer R Romer S Romer T Romer U Romer V Romer W Romer X Romer Y Romer Z Rontgen Rontgen A Rontgen B Rosa Rosenberger Rosenberger A Rosenberger B Rosenberger C Rosenberger D Rosenberger E Rosenberger F Rosenberger G

11.9° S 10.9° S 10.2° S 10.7° S 10.5° S 12.3° S 12.4° S 11.1° S 74.5° S 2.0° N 3.3° N 2.8° N 3.7° N 15.1° S 13.7° S 16.0° S 19.0° N 71.1° N 68.2° N 69.0° N 67.4° N 68.9° N 69.6° N 21.8° N 21.8° N 59.0° N 12.7° S 13.8° S 12.6° S 10.7° S 11.0° S 11.8° S 13.6° S 13.3° S 12.9° S 14.9° S 13.9° S 14.5° S 11.6° S 11.2° S 15.3° S 11.4° S 10.3° S 9.7° S 10.3° S 16.0° S 28.9° N 42.3° S 40.1° S 39.0° S 40.3° S 38.5° S 39.0° S 7.5° N 25.4° N 28.1° N 28.6° N 27.7° N 24.5° N 28.5° N 27.1° N 26.8° N 25.9° N 22.4° N 22.6° N 23.3° N 25.3° N 25.3° N 26.5° N 24.2° N 24.9° N 23.6° N 24.3° N 24.5° N 26.4° N 24.3° N 25.7° N 24.1° N 33.0° N 36.9° N 35.7° N 20.3° N 55.4° S 53.5° S 51.9° S 52.1° S 57.5° S 59.3° S 56.0° S 53.9° S

8.9° E 9.2° E 9.2° E 8.4° E 7.6° E 9.9° E 9.5° E 10.0° E 106.5° E 19.2° E 18.9° E 18.9° E 18.8° E 92.2° E 92.8° E 92.9° E 27.4° E 174.5° W 174.3° W 176.3° W 178.7° E 177.3° E 178.4° E 105.2° W 105.2° W 45.9° W 72.8° W 70.0° W 67.4° W 70.2° W 68.0° W 69.4° W 66.6° W 64.9° W 65.4° W 73.9° W 72.6° W 70.7° W 70.3° W 71.7° W 69.0° W 72.9° W 71.5° W 71.0° W 67.0° W 75.4° W 45.0° W 136.5° E 137.2° E 139.2° E 130.0° E 129.3° E 130.5° E 122.6° E 36.4° E 37.1° E 38.2° E 37.0° E 35.8° E 39.2° E 37.2° E 36.2° E 35.7° E 37.9° E 35.5° E 34.7° E 34.6° E 38.0° E 39.6° E 34.6° E 36.8° E 36.1° E 39.1° E 38.6° E 40.4° E 40.1° E 36.3° E 36.9° E 91.4° W 88.1° W 88.1° W 32.3° W 43.1° E 47.0° E 46.1° E 42.1° E 42.9° E 43.2° E 40.6° E 41.4° E

311

7 6 6 14 4 17 8 17 26 29 14 14 7 51 26 11 1 89 46 49 30 19 59 88 88 24 89 63 25 19 24 43 27 23 26 13 17 42 24 32 59 46 10 16 102 55 4 160 24 18 73 30 20 8 39 35 20 8 13 31 22 14 6 8 12 11 10 26 61 42 44 47 28 28 7 22 7 12 126 18 16 1 95 49 33 47 50 11 6 9

77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 140 60 60 60 60 82 82 82 42 7 7 7 7 7 7 54 54 11 73 74 74 73 74 74 74 74 74 73 74 73 73 73 74 73 73 73 74 73 39 118 118 118 118 117 118 65 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 36 36 36 39 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128

Rosenberger H – Schroter S

Feature Name Rosenberger H Rosenberger J Rosenberger K Rosenberger L Rosenberger N Rosenberger S Rosenberger T Rosenberger W Ross Ross B Ross C Ross D Ross E Ross F Ross G Ross H Rosse Rosse C Rosseland Rost Rost A Rost B Rost D Rost M Rost N Rothmann Rothmann A Rothmann B Rothmann C Rothmann D Rothmann E Rothmann F Rothmann G Rothmann H Rothmann J Rothmann K Rothmann L Rothmann M Rothmann W Rowland Rowland G Rowland J Rowland K Rowland M Rowland N Rowland R Rowland Y Rozhdestvensky Rozhdestvensky H Rozhdestvensky K Rozhdestvensky N Rozhdestvensky U Rozhdestvensky W Rumford Rumford A Rumford B Rumford C Rumford F Rumford Q Rumford T Rumker C Rumker E Rumker F Rumker H Rumker K Rumker L Rumker S Rumker T Runge Rupes Altai Rupes Boris Rupes Cauchy Rupes Kelvin Rupes Liebig Rupes Mercator Rupes Recta Rupes Toscanelli Russell Russell B Russell E Russell F Russell R Russell S Ruth Rutherford Rutherfurd Rutherfurd A Rutherfurd B Rutherfurd C

312

Lat. 55.0° S 52.9° S 54.5° S 52.6° S 54.3° S 55.8° S 56.5° S 58.7° S 11.7° N 11.4° N 11.7° N 12.6° N 11.1° N 10.9° N 10.7° N 10.2° N 17.9° S 18.5° S 41.0° S 56.4° S 56.5° S 54.6° S 56.6° S 55.5° S 57.2° S 30.8° S 29.4° S 31.8° S 28.6° S 28.9° S 32.9° S 29.1° S 28.4° S 29.1° S 29.3° S 28.8° S 29.2° S 31.2° S 30.8° S 57.4° N 57.0° N 53.1° N 51.4° N 51.9° N 55.4° N 53.7° N 59.1° N 85.2° N 83.6° N 82.7° N 84.2° N 85.3° N 84.8° N 28.8° S 25.2° S 25.2° S 27.4° S 28.9° S 30.7° S 28.6° S 41.6° N 38.7° N 37.3° N 40.3° N 42.3° N 43.6° N 42.6° N 42.5° N 2.5° S 24.3° S 30.5° N 9.0° N 27.3° S 25.0° S 31.0° S 22.1° S 27.4° N 26.5° N 26.4° N 28.6° N 28.0° N 28.7° N 29.4° N 28.7° N 10.7° N 60.9° S 62.2° S 62.6° S 62.5° S

Long. 46.5° E 43.3° E 47.7° E 44.6° E 44.1° E 42.6° E 43.1° E 42.4° E 21.7° E 20.2° E 19.0° E 23.3° E 23.4° E 24.2° E 24.9° E 21.8° E 35.0° E 34.4° E 131.0° E 33.7° W 36.7° W 36.0° W 30.9° W 31.4° W 33.0° W 27.7° E 27.6° E 28.4° E 25.1° E 22.8° E 29.2° E 28.0° E 24.3° E 25.4° E 25.7° E 24.4° E 28.7° E 29.8° E 26.6° E 162.5° W 159.4° W 155.5° W 157.1° W 162.4° W 163.7° W 169.5° W 163.0° W 155.4° W 131.0° W 144.6° W 157° W 151.9° E 137.2° E 169.8° W 169.2° W 168.1° W 168.1° W 165.3° W 171.6° W 172.1° W 58.1° W 57.1° W 57.2° W 52.6° W 56.0° W 57.3° W 63.0° W 64.8° W 86.7° E 22.6° E 33.5° W 37.0° E 33.1° W 46.0° W 22.3° W 7.8° W 47.5° W 75.4° W 78.2° W 74.5° W 76.4° W 75.3° W 77.1° W 45.1° W 137.0° E 12.1° W 11.9° W 11.4° W 10.7° W

D 12 22 18 9 8 14 8 32 24 6 5 9 4 5 5 5 11 5 75 48 39 21 29 26 6 42 8 21 19 14 10 7 92 11 8 6 14 16 11 171 18 49 25 58 30 24 54 177 21 42 9 44 75 61 30 25 26 13 29 108 4 7 5 4 3 3 3 3 38 427 4 120 78 180 93 134 70 103 19 9 9 45 25 3 13 48 10 6 14

LAC 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 97 97 118 125 125 125 125 125 125 96 96 96 96 96 113 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 1 1 1 1 1 1 105 105 105 105 105 104 104 23 23 23 23 23 23 22 22 81 96 39 61 93 93 94 95 39 37 37 37 37 37 37 39 66 126 126 126 126

Rutherfurd D Rutherfurd E Rydberg Ryder Rynin

63.2° S 62.8° S 46.5° S 44.6° S 47.0° N

8.8° W 8.3° W 96.3° W 143.7° E 103.5° W

8 9 49 16.8 75

126 126 123 118 36

Sabatier Sabine Sabine A Sabine C Sabine E (Armstrong) Sacrobosco Sacrobosco A Sacrobosco B Sacrobosco C Sacrobosco D Sacrobosco E Sacrobosco F Sacrobosco G Sacrobosco H Sacrobosco J Sacrobosco K Sacrobosco L Sacrobosco M Sacrobosco N Sacrobosco O Sacrobosco P Sacrobosco Q Sacrobosco R Sacrobosco S Sacrobosco T Sacrobosco U Sacrobosco V Sacrobosco W Sacrobosco X Saenger Saenger B Saenger C Saenger D Saenger P Saenger Q Saenger R Saenger V Saenger X Safarik Safarik A Safarik H Safarik S Saha Saha B Saha C Saha D Saha E Saha J Saha M Saha N Saha W Samir Sampson Sanford Sanford C Sanford T Sanford W Sanford Y Santbech Santbech A Santbech B Santbech C Santbech D Santbech E Santbech F Santbech G Santbech H Santbech J Santbech K Santbech L Santbech M Santbech N Santbech P Santbech Q Santbech R Santbech S Santbech T Santbech U Santbech V Santbech W Santbech X Santbech Y Santbech Z

13.2° N 1.4° N 1.3° N 1.0° N 1.4° N

79.0° E 20.1° E 19.5° E 23.0° E 25.0° E

10 30 4 3 4

63 60 60 60 60

23.7° S 24.0° S 23.9° S 23.0° S 21.6° S 26.1° S 21.1° S 20.7° S 23.7° S 23.6° S 22.9° S 25.6° S 25.3° S 27.0° S 21.1° S 20.6° S 21.6° S 22.3° S 26.5° S 24.9° S 24.0° S 24.5° S 24.3° S 26.5° S 4.3° N 5.6° N 6 1° N 4.9° N 2.7° N 3.4° N 3.3° N 5.2° N 6.3° N 10.6° N 12.6° N 9.7° N 10.0° N 1.6° S 1.5° N 1.4° N 0.1° N 0.2° S 4.0° S 2.2° S 4.1° S 0.6° S 28.5° N 29.7° N 32.6° N 34.1° N 32.7° N 33.7° N 33.7° N 20.9° S 24.2° S 24.7° S 22.3° S 21.0° S 22.3° S 25.5° S 22.9° S 20.4° S 19.7° S 19.1° S 21.3° S 20.4° S 20.8° S 21.3° S 23.2° S 23.3° S 23.5° S 24.1° S 24.0° S 24.6° S 24.3° S 25.2° S 25.2° S 25.8° S

16.7° E 16.2° E 16.9° E 15.8° E 17.7° E 17.7° E 16.7° E 16.2° E 18.7° E 14.6° E 14.7° E 15.1° E 16.3° E 16.5° E 16.0° E 17.3° E 17.5° E 15.7° E 18.0° E 16.8° E 14.3° E 16.1° E 17.3° E 16.3° E 102.4° E 103.1° E 103 9° E 103.0° E 101.7° E 101.5° E 100.3° E 101.5° E 101.8° E 176.9° E 177.2° E 179.3° E 174.4° E 102.7° E 104.5° E 107.8° E 107.5° E 107.6° E 105.3° E 102.6° E 101.5° E 101.4° E 34.3° W 16.5° W 138.9° W 137.0° W 143.3° W 140.2° W 139.2° W 44.0° E 42.3° E 41.6° E 39.5° E 45.2° E 44.8° E 41.9° E 44.5° E 42.8° E 43.3° E 43.1° E 39.4° E 39.3° E 39.6° E 40.0° E 39.0° E 38.9° E 39.1° E 38.1° E 38.8° E 39.3° E 40.7° E 42.5° E 42.9° E 43.1° E

98 17 14 13 24 13 19 20 13 5 6 9 8 6 6 5 42 21 19 12 5 4 2 23 75 64 20 23 41 14 14 21 18 27 19 16 14 99 34 64 35 28 52 18 49 34 2 1 55 18 43 38 22 64 25 16 18 8 12 13 5 10 14 10 8 13 13 9 12 5 10 5 9 7 13 7 8 5

96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 68 68 68 68 64 64 64 64 82 82 82 82 82 39 40 34 34 34 34 34 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97

Santos-Dumont (Hadley B) Sarabhai (Bessel A) Sarton Sarton L Sarton Y Sarton Z Sasserides Sasserides A Sasserides B Sasserides D Sasserides E Sasserides F Sasserides H Sasserides K Sasserides L Sasserides M Sasserides N Sasserides P Sasserides S Saunder Saunder A Saunder B Saunder C Saunder S Saunder T Saussure Saussure A Saussure B Saussure C Saussure CA Saussure D Saussure E Saussure F Scaliger Scaliger U Scarp Schaeberle Schaeberle S Schaeberle U Scheele Scheiner Scheiner A Scheiner B Scheiner C Scheiner D Scheiner E Scheiner F Scheiner G Scheiner H Scheiner J Scheiner K Scheiner L Scheiner M Scheiner P Scheiner Q Scheiner R Scheiner S Scheiner T Scheiner U Scheiner V Scheiner W Scheiner X Scheiner Y Schiaparelli Schiaparelli A Schiaparelli B (Zinner) Schiaparelli C Schiaparelli D (Golgi) Schiaparelli E Schickard Schickard A Schickard B Schickard C Schickard D Schickard E Schickard F Schickard G Schickard H Schickard J Schickard K Schickard L Schickard M Schickard N Schickard P Schickard Q Schickard R

27.7° N

4.8° E

8

41

24.7° N

21.0° E

7

42

49.3° N 47.0° N 51.5° N 51.6° N 39.1° S 39.9° S 39.5° S 36.7° S 38.9° S 40.5° S 39.2° S 39.0° S 40.0° S 37.9° S 38.7° S 38.0° S 38.7° S 4.2° S 4.0° S 3.9° S 2.7° S 2.3° S 4.0° S 43.4° S 43.8° S 42.2° S 44.8° S 45.2° S 46.9° S 44.7° S 44.3° S 27.1° S 26.6° S 20.3° N 26.2° S 26.4° S 25.5° S 9.4° S 60.5° S 60.4° S 59.5° S 60.0° S 60.7° S 63.4° S 56.7° S 62.5° S 56.2° S 59.5° S 58.0° S 65.8° S 65.8° S 62.6° S 58.7° S 58.0° S 58.4° S 60.9° S 60.9° S 60.6° S 60.3° S 59.6° S 59.1° S 23.4° N 23.0° N 26.6° N

121.1° W 120.0° W 121.3° W 120.6° W 9.3° W 7.0° W 11.2° W 6.5° W 7.7° W 9.9° W 10.9° W 7.4° W 6.6° W 7.1° W 7.0° W 10.7° W 8.0° W 8.8° E 12.3° E 9.8° E 10.5° E 9.7° E 10.4° E 3.8° W 0.5° W 3.9° W 0.6° W 0.5° W 0.2° E 2.1° W 4.6° W 108.9° E 106.5° E 30.6° E 117.2° E 114.3° E 113.9° E 37.8° W 27.5° W 28.2° W 33.3° W 30.7° W 32.1° W 29.3° W 25.0° W 28.2° W 27.2° W 28.4° W 25.9° W 35.1° W 33.4° W 31.0° W 29.4° W 24.2° W 25.3° W 34.8° W 36.0° W 36.7° W 37.5° W 24.8° W 25.2° W 58.8° W 62.0° W 58.8° W

69 48 26 29 90 48 9 11 8 16 12 8 5 11 7 21 15 44 8 6 4 4 6 54 19 5 16 16 20 12 4 84 11 8 62 15 24 4 110 12 29 13 17 24 6 14 9 12 7 9 10 11 8 8 7 12 7 5 6 7 9 24 7 4

20 35 20 20 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 77 78 77 78 77 78 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 100 100 43 101 101 101 75 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 38 38 38

25.8° N 27.8° N

62.2° W 60.0° W

6 5

38 38

27.1° N 44.3° S 46.9° S 43.6° S 45.8° S 45.7° S 47.2° S 48.1° S 43.0° S 43.5° S 45.0° S 43.9° S 44.1° S 44.2° S 41.3° S 42.9° S 42.7° S 44.1° S

62.0° W 55.3° W 53.6° W 51.9° W 55.8° W 57.4° W 51.6° W 53.6° W 58.9° W 62.2° W 62.1° W 63.8° W 59.6° W 58.9° W 54.6° W 48.3° W 52.9° W 53.6° W

5 206 14 13 13 9 32 17 12 16 11 16 7 7 6 92 5 5

38 110 110 110 110 110 110 124 110 109 109 109 110 110 110 110 110 110

Schickard S Schickard T Schickard W Schickard X Schickard Y Schiller Schiller A Schiller B Schiller C Schiller D Schiller E Schiller F Schiller G Schiller H Schiller J Schiller K Schiller L Schiller M Schiller N Schiller P Schiller R Schiller S Schiller T Schiller W Schjellerup Schjellerup H Schjellerup J Schjellerup N Schjellerup R Schlesinger Schlesinger A Schlesinger B Schlesinger M Schliemann Schliemann A Schliemann B Schliemann G Schliemann T Schliemann W Schluter Schluter A Schluter P Schluter S Schluter U Schluter V Schluter X Schluter Z Schmidt Schneller Schneller G Schneller H Schneller L Schneller S Schomberger Schomberger A Schomberger C Schomberger D Schomberger F Schomberger G Schomberger H Schomberger J Schomberger K Schomberger L Schomberger X Schomberger Y Schomberger Z Schonfeld Schorr Schorr A Schorr B Schorr C Schorr D Schrodinger Schrodinger B Schrodinger G Schrodinger J Schrodinger W Schroter Schroter A Schroter C Schroter D Schroter E Schroter F Schroter G Schroter H Schroter J Schroter K Schroter L Schroter M Schroter S

46.6° S 44.8° S 45.0° S 43.6° S 47.3° S 51.9° S 47.2° S 48.9° S 55.3° S 55.0° S 54.6° S 50.6° S 51.3° S 50.8° S 49.6° S 46.7° S 47.1° S 48.2° S 53.6° S 53.4° S 52.5° S 55.0° S 50.7° S 54.3° S 69.7° N 68.5° N 68.1° N 66.6° N 68.7° N 47.4° N 50.1° N 51.4° N 45.2° N 2.1° S 1.2° N 2.1° N 2.4° S 2.0° S 0.2° N 5.9° S 9.2° S 0.1° N 7.9° S 5.0° S 4.4° S 1.2° N 2.8° S 1.0° N 41.8° N 40.8° N 39.9° N 39.5° N 40.8° N 76.7° S 78.8° S 77.2° S 73.5° S 80.1° S 77.1° S 77.4° S 78.8° S 79.7° S 80.6° S 75.2° S 74.6° S 73.5° S 44.8° N 19.5° S 20.5° S 16.5° S 13.5° S 18.6° S 75.0° S 68.4° S 75.4° S 78.4° S 68.5° S 2.6° N 4.8° N 8.3° N 4.5° N 2.4° N 7.4° N 3.2° N 3.2° N 8.5° N 3.1° N 1.8° N 7.0° N 7.1° N

56.7° W 50.2° W 57.8° W 51.1° W 57.2° W 39.0° W 37.6° W 39.0° W 48.8° W 49.2° W 48.8° W 42.8° W 38.3° W 37.7° W 36.6° W 38.7° W 40.2° W 41.1° W 42.0° W 43.4° W 45.3° W 40.3° W 41.4° W 40.8° W 157.1° E 167.4° E 161.4° E 154.3° E 152.2° E 138.6° W 137.2° W 134.9° W 138.5° W 155.2° E 155.4° E 156.2° E 156.8° E 152.8° E 152.4° E 83.3° W 82.4° W 85.1° W 89.9° W 89.9° W 86.8° W 88.2° W 83.7° W 18.8° E 163.6° W 159.8° W 160.2° W 162.7° W 166.3° W 24.9° E 24.4° E 15.7° E 24.6° E 20.8° E 7.7° E 4.0° E 19.6° E 14.3° E 17.5° E 34.9° E 29.0° E 27.3° E 98.1° W 89.7° E 88.4° E 88.5° E 88.2° E 91.2° E 132.4° E 141.3° E 137.2° E 154.6° E 115.6° E 7.0° W 7.8° W 9.8° W 9.5° W 6.8° W 5.9° W 9.4° W 8.6° W 6.1° W 7.9° W 7.4° W 11.6° W 9.2° W

15 4 7 8 5 180 11 17 49 8 7 12 10 66 9 11 11 9 6 7 6 17 6 16 62 21 37 38 54 97 32 66 45 80 64 32 19 21 19 89 37 20 13 10 12 13 11 11 54 20 35 25 37 85 31 43 24 11 17 17 9 9 17 8 17 5 25 53 64 26 13 21 312 25 8 16 12 35 4 8 5 3 34 5 4 6 5 4 5 3

110 110 110 110 110 125 111 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 110 110 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 7 7 7 7 7 34 20 20 34 67 67 67 85 85 67 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 60 33 33 33 33 33 138 138 138 138 144 137 137 138 138 144 138 138 138 36 100 99 99 99 100 140 140 140 141 140 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 58 59

Schroter T – Steinheil G

Feature Name Schroter T Schroter U Schroter W Schubert Schubert A Schubert B (Back) Schubert C Schubert E Schubert F Schubert G Schubert H Schubert J Schubert K Schubert N Schubert X Schubert Y (Nobili) Schubert Z (Jenkins) Schumacher Schumacher B Schuster Schuster J Schuster K Schuster N Schuster P Schuster Q Schuster R Schuster Y Schwabe Schwabe C Schwabe D Schwabe E Schwabe F Schwabe G Schwabe K Schwabe U Schwabe W Schwabe X Schwarzschild Schwarzschild A Schwarzschild D Schwarzschild K Schwarzschild L Schwarzschild Q Schwarzschild S Schwarzschild T Scobee Scoresby Scoresby K Scoresby M Scoresby P Scoresby Q Scoresby W Scott Scott A (Nobile) Scott E Scott M Sculptured Hills Seares Seares B Seares Y Secchi Secchi A Secchi B Secchi G Secchi K Secchi U Secchi X Sechenov Sechenov C Sechenov P Seeliger Seeliger A Seeliger S Seeliger T Segers Segers H Segers M Segers N Segner Segner A Segner B Segner C Segner E Segner G Segner H Segner K Segner L Segner M

Lat. 7.0° N 4.1° N 4.8° N 2.8° N 2.1° N 1.1° N 1.8° N 4.0° N 3.2° N 4.1° N 1.4° N 0.1° S 2.3° N 1.8° N 0.3° N 0.2° N 0.3° N

Long. 8.0° W 6.6° W 7.7° W 81.0° E 79.3° E 80.7° E 84.6° E 78.6° E 77.9° E 75.2° E 76.1° E 78.9° E 75.9° E 72.7° E 76.8° E 75.9° E 78.1° E

D 4 4 10 54 2 35 31 27 35 56 31 20 29 75 51 42 38

LAC 59 59 59 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 81 63 63 63 63 63

42.4° N 42.1° N 4.2° N 1.8° N 1.3° N 3.4° N 1.9° N 1.0° N 3.5° N 6.7° N 65.1° N 67.8° N 64.5° N 64.0° N 66.4° N 65.5° N 67.5° N 66.5° N 69.6° N 68.3° N 70.1° N 78.7° N 71.9° N 67.5° N 69.3° N 66.3° N 67.8° N 69.9° N 31.1° S 77.7° N 76.3° N 75.6° N 75.8° N 77.4° N 74.5° N 82.1° S 85.1° S 81.1° S 84.3° S 20.3° N 73.5° N 75.7° N 77.9° N 2.4° N 3.3° N 3.7° N 4.0° N 0.2° S 1.1° N 0.7° S 7.1° S 5.2° S 9.8° S 2.2° S 1.8° S 2.1° S 2.2° S 47.1° N 46.7° N 44.5° N 44.0° N 58.9° S 57.2° S 57.8° S 57.7° S 57.6° S 56.4° S 58.4° S 56.1° S 58.7° S 59.8° S

60.7° E 59.4° E 146.5° E 149.6° E 147.7° E 145.8° E 144.4° E 143.4° E 144.8° E 145.5° E 45.6° E 46.9° E 44.6° E 43.4° E 50.0° E 42.2° E 48.8° E 57.1° E 52.2° E 56.6° E 121.2° E 124.0° E 132.4° E 125.0° E 122.1° E 108.9° E 104.7° E 107.7° E 148.9° W 14.1° E 2.9° E 8.1° E 13.0° E 8.7° E 11.2° E 48.5° E 50.2° E 35.5° E 39.7° E 31.0° E 145.8° E 149.7° E 139.5° E 43.5° E 41.5° E 41.5° E 44.6° E 45.4° E 42.2° E 43.6° E 142.6° W 141.3° W 143.8° W 3.0° E 3.0° E 2.1° E 4.4° E 127.7° E 129.0° E 127.6° E 127.5° E 48.3° W 47.0° W 56.0° W 45.9° W 56.9° W 55.3° W 48.0° W 54.1° W 47.0° W 45.3° W

60 24 108 14 17 27 16 45 40 17 25 29 17 19 20 15 9 17 9 8 212 50 24 45 45 19 17 16 40 55 23 54 26 40 10 103 71 28 16 8 110 26 37 22 5 5 8 3 6 6 62 19 23 8 4 4 4 17 29 54 27 67 9 35 19 13 12 7 10 5 5

28 28 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 121 4 3 3 4 3 4 144 144 144 144 43 7 7 6 61 61 61 61 79 61 79 88 88 88 77 77 77 77 30 30 30 30 125 125 124 125 124 124 125 124 125 125

Segner N Seidel Seidel J Seidel M Seidel U Seleucus Seleucus A Seleucus E Seneca Seneca A Seneca B Seneca C Seneca D Seneca E Seneca F Seneca G Seyfert Seyfert A Shackleton Shahinaz Shakespeare Shaler Shapley (Picard H) Sharonov Sharonov D Sharonov F Sharonov X Sharp Sharp A Sharp B Sharp D Sharp J Sharp K Sharp L Sharp M Sharp U Sharp V Sharp W Sharp-Apollo Shatalov Shayn Shayn B Shayn F Shayn H Shayn Y Sheepshanks Sheepshanks A Sheepshanks B Sheepshanks C Sherlock Sherrington Shi Shen Shi Shen P Shi Shen Q Shirakatsi Shoemaker Short Short A Short B Shorty Shternberg Shternberg C Shuckburgh Shuckburgh A Shuckburgh C Shuckburgh E Shuleykin Siedentopf Siedentopf F Siedentopf G Siedentopf H Siedentopf M Siedentopf Q Sierpinski Sierpinski Q Sikorsky Sikorsky Q Silberschlag Silberschlag A Silberschlag D Silberschlag E Silberschlag G Silberschlag P Silberschlag S Simpelius Simpelius A Simpelius B Simpelius C Simpelius D

59.2° S 32.8° S 33.5° S 35.3° S 32.5° S 21.0° N 22.0° N 22.4° N 26.6° N 26.4° N 27.2° N 26.3° N 26.6° N 29.2° N 29.5° N 29.4° N 29.1° N 30.5° N 89.9° S 7.5° N 20.2° N 32.9° S 9.4° N

44.2° W 152.2° E 155.5° E 152.0° E 150.2° E 66.6° W 60.5° W 63.9° W 80.2° E 75.7° E 77.4° E 75.1° E 81.3° E 79.6° E 81.9° E 83.2° E 114.6° E 114.9° E 0.0° E 122.4° E 30.8° E 85.2° W 56.9° E

5 62 19 28 33 43 6 4 46 17 28 22 18 16 15 19 110 53 19 15 1 48 23

125 118 119 118 118 38 38 38 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 47 47 144 65 43 109 62

12.4° N 13.5° N 12.3° N 14.1° N 45.7° N 47.6° N 47.0° N 44.8° N 46.9° N 47.4° N 45.8° N 47.3° N 47.4° N 46.2° N 50.2° N 3.2° S 24.3° N 32.6° N 34.5° N 33.0° N 31.4° N 35.9° N 59.2° N 60.0° N 60.3° N 57.0° N 20.2° N 11.1° S 76.0° N 71.7° N 74.2° N 12.1° S 88.1° S 74.6° S 76.9° S 75.5° S 20.2° N 19.5° N 20.9° N 42.6° N 43.1° N 43.5° N 44.1° N 27.1° S 22.0° N 22.1° N 20.5° N 20.9° N 19.0° N 20.7° N 27.2° S 28.3° S 66.1° S 66.0° S 6.2° N 6.9° N 7.5° N 5.2° N 5.7° N 6.7° N 8.0° N 73.0° S 70.1° S 75.2° S 72.6° S 71.6° S

173.3° E 175.4° E 176.2° E 172.7° E 40.2° W 42.6° W 45.3° W 42.1° W 37.9° W 38.5° W 38.2° W 41.4° W 48.6° W 46.9° W 45.3° W 23.4° W 141.5° E 172.5° E 173.5° E 175.5° E 175.5° E 171.7° E 16.9° E 19.0° E 21.1° E 18.1° E 30.8° E 118.0° E 104.1° E 97.0° E 96.3° E 128.6° E 44.9° E 7.3° W 0.5° W 5.0° W 30.6° E 116.3° W 114.3° W 52.8° E 55.5° E 52.7° E 56.9° E 92.5° W 135.5° E 138.5° E 138.4° E 137.2° E 135.5° E 133.7° E 154.5° E 153.6° E 103.2° E 103.1° E 12.5° E 13.2° E 11.2° E 12.8° E 13.8° E 12.0° E 12.1° E 15.2° E 16.5° E 10.2° E 5.9° E 8.6° E

74 17 14 36 39 17 21 8 6 5 6 4 6 7 4 0 21 93 35 38 38 23 25 7 5 11 0 18 43 22 45 51 50.9 70 34 71 0 70 29 38 19 12 9 15 61 42 61 42 31 42 69 15 98 15 13 7 4 4 3 25 34 70 60 50 49 54

68 68 68 68 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 11 23 11 76 48 50 32 32 32 50 13 13 13 13 43 83 6 5 5 83 144 137 137 137 43 53 53 27 27 27 27 108 48 48 48 48 48 48 103 103 140 103 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 138 138 138 137 137

Simpelius E Simpelius F Simpelius G Simpelius H Simpelius J Simpelius K Simpelius L Simpelius M Simpelius N Simpelius P Sinas Sinas A Sinas E Sinas G Sinas H Sinas J Sinas K Sinus Aestuum Sinus Amoris Sinus Asperitatis Sinus Concordiae Sinus Fidei Sinus Honoris Sinus Iridum Sinus Lunicus Sinus Medii Sinus Roris Sinus Successus Sirsalis Sirsalis A Sirsalis B Sirsalis C Sirsalis D Sirsalis E Sirsalis F Sirsalis G Sirsalis H Sirsalis J Sirsalis K Sirsalis T Sirsalis Z Sisakyan Sisakyan C Sisakyan D Sisakyan E Sita Sklodowska Sklodowska A Sklodowska D Sklodowska J Sklodowska R Sklodowska Y Slipher Slipher S Slocum Smith Smithson (Taruntius N) Smoky Mountains Smoluchowski Smoluchowski F Smoluchowski H Snellius Snellius A Snellius B Snellius C Snellius D Snellius E Snellius X Snellius Y Sniadecki Sniadecki F Sniadecki J Sniadecki Q Sniadecki Y Snowman Soddy Soddy E Soddy G Soddy P Soddy Q Somerville (Langrenus J) Sommerfeld Sommerfeld N Sommerfeld V Sommering Sommering A Sommering P Sommering R

70.1° S 68.7° S 71.8° S 68.0° S 76.1° S 74.8° S 70.4° S 70.4° S 71.3° S 75.5° S 8.8° N 7.8° N 9.7° N 9.6° N 10.0° N 10.3° N 6.8° N 10.9° N 18.1° N 3.8° S 10.8° N 18.0° N 11.7° N 44.1° N 31.8° N 2.4° N 54.0° N 0.9° N 12.5° S 12.7° S 11.1° S 10.3° S 9.9° S 8.1° S 13.5° S 13.7° S 14.0° S 13.4° S 10.4° S 9.2° S 10.7° S 41.2° N 42.1° N 42.0° N 41.4° N 4.6° N 18.2° S 14.7° S 13.7° S 19.3° S 18.9° S 13.2° S 49.5° N 49.2° N 3.0° S 31.6° S 2.4° N

11.0° E 16.8° E 23.0° E 15.5° E 8.4° E 15.7° E 6.7° E 16.4° E 24.3° E 5.0° E 31.6° E 32.6° E 31.0° E 34.3° E 33.5° E 33.7° E 33.1° E 8.8° W 39.1° E 27.4° E 43.2° E 2.0° E 18.1° E 31.5° W 1.4° W 1.7° E 56.6° W 59.0° E 60.4° W 61.3° W 63.7° W 63.8° W 58.6° W 56.5° W 60.1° W 61.7° W 62.4° W 59.8° W 57.3° W 53.4° W 61.9° W 109.0° E 110.9° E 111.0° E 110.7° E 120.8° E 95.5° E 96.5° E 99.0° E 97.7° E 92.2° E 95.4° E 160.1° E 158.7° E 89.0° E 150.2° W 53.6° E

45 29 24 29 17 23 16 7 8 8 11 6 9 5 6 6 5 290 130 206 142 70 109 236 126 335 202 132 42 49 16 22 35 72 13 30 26 12 7 16 91 34 17 52 19 2 127 44 16 16 17 17 69 26 13 34 5

138 138 138 138 137 138 137 138 138 137 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 59 43 78 61 41 60 24 25 59 10 62 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 30 30 30 30 65 100 82 82 100 100 82 18 17 81 121 62

8.8° S 60.3° N 60.1° N 59.5° N 29.3° S 27.4° S 30.1° S 29.0° S 28.7° S 28.0° S 27.4° S 25.7° S 22.5° S 22.4° S 24.7° S 23.0° S 21.2° S 3.2° S 0.4° N 0.8° N 0.5° N 0.4° S 0.5° S 8.3° S

15.6° E 96.8° W 90.9° W 92.7° W 55.7° E 53.8° E 53.1° E 51.5° E 51.5° E 51.5° E 55.1° E 52.2° E 168.9° W 166.9° W 166.9° W 170.1° W 169.3° W 23.4° W 121.8° E 123.4° E 123.5° E 120.9° E 120.2° E 64.9° E

3 83 35 41 82 37 29 9 9 12 7 10 43 12 27 77 35 1 42 16 13 8 24 15

78 21 21 21 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 105 105 105 104 105 76 65 65 65 83 83 80

65.2° N 62.3° N 66.9° N 0.1° N 1.1° N 2.2° N 1.9° N

162.4° W 162.2° W 170.3° W 7.5° W 11.1° W 10.3° W 9.8° W

169 39 32 28 3 6 17

8 19 19 59 58 58 59

Soraya Sosigenes Sosigenes A Sosigenes B Sosigenes C South South A South B South C South Cluster South D South E South F South G South H South K South M South Massif South Ray Spallanzani Spallanzani A Spallanzani D Spallanzani F Spallanzani G Spencer Jones Spencer Jones H Spencer Jones J Spencer Jones K Spencer Jones Q Spencer Jones W Spitzbergen A Spitzbergen C Spitzbergen D Spook Sporer Sporer A Spot Spur Spurr (Archimedes K) St. George St. John St. John A St. John M St. John W St. John X St. John Y Stadius Stadius A Stadius B Stadius C Stadius D Stadius E Stadius F Stadius G Stadius H Stadius J Stadius K Stadius L Stadius M Stadius N Stadius P Stadius Q Stadius R Stadius S Stadius T Stadius U Stadius W Stark Stark R Stark V Stark Y Statio Tranquillitatis Stearns Stebbins Stebbins C Stebbins U Stefan Stefan L Stein Stein C Stein K Stein L Stein M Stein N Steinheil Steinheil E Steinheil F Steinheil G

12.9° S 8.7° N 7.8° N 8.3° N 7.2° N 58.0° N 57.1° N 57.5° N 55.8° N 26.0° N 55.2° N 56.7° N 57.2° N 55.1° N 57.2° N 59.1° N 55.4° N 20.0° N 9.2° S 46.3° S 46.2° S 46.1° S 45.6° S 45.3° S 13.3° N 12.1° N 9.7° N 10.4° N 12.0° N 15.2° N 32.7° N 32.8° N 33.3° N 9.0° S 4.3° S 3.4° S 9.0° S 25.9° N 27.9° N

1.6° W 17.6° E 18.5° E 17.2° E 18.9° E 50.8° W 49.9° W 44.9° W 49.4° W 3.7° E 48.8° W 52.8° W 53.9° W 53.3° W 47.8° W 49.9° W 51.0° W 30.4° E 15.4° E 24.7° E 25.6° E 28.6° E 28.0° E 28.6° E 165.6° E 167.9° E 168.0° E 167.0° E 164.4° E 163.3° E 7.1° W 8.8° W 8.7° W 15.5° E 1.8° W 2.1° W 15.5° E 3.7° E 1.2° W

2 17 12 4 3 104 6 14 7 2 5 8 7 6 4 3 6 16 1 32 6 6 22 15 85 17 12 29 17 50 7 7 3 0 27 5 0 0.1 13

77 60 60 60 60 10 11 11 11 41 11 10 10 10 11 11 10 43 78 113 113 113 113 113 67 67 67 67 67 67 25 25 25 78 77 77 78 41 41

26.0° N 10.2° N 12.4° N 7.5° N 12.6° N 13.9° N 13.8° N 10.5° N 10.4° N 11.8° N 9.7° N 10.3° N 12.6° N 13.0° N 11.2° N 11.6° N 13.8° N 9.7° N 10.1° N 14.7° N 9.4° N 11.8° N 11.5° N 12.2° N 12.9° N 13.2° N 13.9° N 14.1° N 25.5° S 26.3° S 25.1° S 24.4° S 0.8° N

3.5° E 150.2° E 150.5° E 150.1° E 147.0° E 147.4° E 149.0° E 13.7° W 14.8° W 13.6° W 12.8° W 15.3° W 15.6° W 15.7° W 14.8° W 13.9° W 16.1° W 13.6° W 12.9° W 16.5° W 15.7° W 15.2° W 14.8° W 15.2° W 15.5° W 15.7° W 16.4° W 16.4° W 134.6° E 133.2° E 133.3° E 134.0° E 23.5° E

2 68 16 16 18 30 21 69 5 6 3 4 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 7 5 6 4 6 5 7 5 5 49 21 25 31 0

41 66 67 67 66 66 66 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 102 102 102 102 60

34.8° N 64.8° N 67.7° N 65.4° N 46.0° N 44.6° N 7.2° N 8.9° N 5.2° N 4.6° N 3.8° N 2.2° N 48.6° S 44.9° S 45.3° S 45.6° S

162.6° E 141.8° W 133.6° W 147.6° W 108.3° W 107.7° W 179.0° E 178.8° W 180.0° W 179.8° W 178.8° E 178.5° E 46.5° E 47.6° E 48.4° E 49.9° E

36 131 39 44 125 26 33 27 20 15 28 16 67 16 21 19

32 8 8 8 36 36 68 68 68 68 68 68 128 114 128 128

313

Steinheil H – Timocharis A (Heinrich)

Feature Name Steinheil H Steinheil K Steinheil X Steinheil Y Steinheil Z Steklov Stella Steno Steno N Steno Q Steno R Steno T Steno U Steno-Apollo Sternfeld (Lodygin G) Stetson Stetson E Stetson G Stetson N Stetson P Stevinus Stevinus A Stevinus B Stevinus C Stevinus D Stevinus E Stevinus F Stevinus G Stevinus H Stevinus J Stevinus K Stevinus L Stevinus R Stevinus S Stewart (Dubyago Q) Stiborius Stiborius A Stiborius B Stiborius C Stiborius D Stiborius E Stiborius F Stiborius G Stiborius J Stiborius K Stiborius L Stiborius M Stiborius N Stiborius P Stofler Stofler D Stofler E Stofler F Stofler G Stofler H Stofler J Stofler K Stofler L Stofler M Stofler N Stofler O Stofler O Stofler P Stofler R Stofler S Stofler T Stofler U Stofler X Stofler Y Stofler Z Stokes Stoletov Stoletov Stoletov C Stoletov Y Stone Mountain Stoney Stormer Stormer C Stormer H Stormer P Stormer T Stormer Y Strabo Strabo B Strabo C Strabo L

314

Lat. 45.7° S 48.6° S 47.6° S 47.3° S 46.4° S 36.7° S 19.9° N 32.8° N 31.3° N 29.3° N 31.3° N 32.7° N 33.1° N 20.1° N 19.6° S

Long. 46.9° E 51.9° E 45.8° E 45.1° E 45.4° E 104.9° W 29.8° E 161.8° E 161.4° E 157.8° E 158.9° E 159.7° E 158.3° E 30.8° E 141.2° W

D 20 5 17 16 23 36 1 31 20 29 17 37 27 1 100

LAC 114 128 114 114 114 36 42 32 32 32 32 49 49 43 106

39.6° S 39.4° S 39.9° S 43.2° S 41.8° S 32.5° S 31.8° S 31.1° S 33.4° S 34.8° S 35.3° S 30.6° S 33.7° S 33.2° S 36.1° S 34.3° S 33.8° S 31.6° S 30.7° S 2.2° N

118.3° W 117.0° W 117.2° W 120.2° W 119.8° W 54.2° E 51.6° E 52.6° E 52.8° E 50.9° E 52.5° E 52.7° E 50.4° E 50.6° E 52.4° E 55.4° E 56.1° E 50.9° E 51.2° E 67.0° E

64 38 23 18 24 74 8 20 19 22 16 10 13 15 13 8 14 26 7 13

35 122 122 122 122 114 98 98 114 114 114 98 114 114 114 114 114 98 98 62

34.4° S 36.9° S 37.3° S 33.9° S 33.4° S 34.8° S 35.7° S 37.3° S 36.1° S 35.5° S 35.0° S 35.5° S 36.3° S 33.2° S 41.1° S 43.8° S 43.8° S 42.7° S 46.5° S 40.3° S 42.2° S 39.4° S 39.1° S 41.0° S 41.9° S 43.3° S 43.4° S 43.2° S 42.2° S 44.9° S 39.7° S 40.1° S 40.5° S 39.9° S 40.3° S 52.5° N 45.1° N 45.1° N 46.3° N 46.5° N 9.1° S 55.3° S 57.3° N 58.3° N 54.8° N 56.1° N 56.8° N 60.3° N 61.9° N 64.6° N 67.1° N 64.2° N

32.0° E 35.5° E 33.5° E 33.3° E 35.7° E 34.1° E 32.4° E 35.7° E 35.6° E 34.6° E 33.5° E 32.8° E 32.9° E 34.0° E 6.0° E 4.3° E 5.8° E 4.9° E 10.1° E 1.7° E 2.4° E 4.2° E 7.8° E 8.1° E 6.6° E 1.3° E 2.0° E 7.3° E 1.8° E 5.8° E 8.2° E 9.6° E 5.5° E 5.5° E 3.2° E 88.1° W 155.2° W 155.2° W 153.6° W 155.6° W 15.6° E 156.1° W 146.3° E 150.6° E 150.2° E 145.3° E 141.7° E 144.8° E 54.3° E 55.5° E 59.3° E 53.4° E

43 32 9 22 18 15 8 10 10 16 10 7 9 6 126 54 16 18

113 114 113 113 114 114 113 114 114 114 113 113 113 114 112 112 112 112 113 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 21 34 34 34 34 78 133 17 17 17 17 17 17 14 5 5 5

27 76 19 17 9 14 9 20 33 6 9 5 5 3 3 4 51 42 42 36 22 5 45 69 61 32 22 27 26 55 23 17 26

Strabo N Stratton Stratton F Stratton K Stratton L Stratton Q Stratton R Stratton U Street Street A Street B Street C Street D Street E Street F Street G Street H Street J Street K Street L Street M Street N Street P Street R Street S Street T Stromgren Stromgren A Stromgren X Struve Struve B Struve C Struve D Struve F Struve G Struve H Struve K Struve L Struve M Stubby Subbotin Subbotin J Subbotin Q Subbotin R Suess Suess B Suess D Suess F Suess G Suess H Suess J Suess K Suess L Sulpicius Gallus Sulpicius Gallus A Sulpicius Gallus B Sulpicius Gallus G Sulpicius Gallus H Sulpicius Gallus M Sumner Sumner G Sundman Sundman J Sundman V Sung-Mei Surveyor Susan Svedberg Sverdrup Swann Swann A Swann C Swasey Swift (Peirce B) Sylvester Sylvester N Szilard Szilard H Szilard M

64.8° N 5.8° S 5.5° S 7.4° S 7.2° S 6.3° S 6.7° S 5.3° S 46.5° S 47.0° S 47.1° S 48.3° S 48.9° S 47.5° S 48.3° S 46.6° S 48.3° S 48.7° S 47.6° S 50.7° S 47.7° S 48.1° S 45.7° S 49.1° S 49.0° S 49.2° S 21.7° S 17.8° S 17.4° S 22.4° N 19.0° N 22.9° N 25.3° N 22.5° N 23.9° N 25.2° N 23.5° N 20.7° N 23.3° N 9.1° S 29.2° S 32.0° S 30.8° S 31.3° S 4.4° N 5.7° N 4.7° N 1.1° N 3.4° N 4.0° N 6.9° N 6.5° N 6.1° N 19.6° N 22.1° N 18.0° N 19.8° N 20.6° N 20.4° N 37.5° N 37.2° N 10.8° N 8.9° N 11.9° N 24.6° N 3.2° S 11.0° S 81.7° S 88.5° S 52.0° N 52.9° N 52.8° N 5.5° S 19.3° N 82.7° N 82.4° N 34.0° N 32.5° N 31.1° N

57.8° E 164.6° E 166.9° E 165.8° E 165.1° E 163.8° E 163.0° E 162.5° E 10.5° W 9.0° W 12.1° W 15.4° W 12.6° W 11.8° W 16.6° W 15.0° W 12.2° W 13.7° W 13.1° W 13.5° W 14.6° W 10.4° W 11.9° W 14.5° W 14.7° W 15.1° W 132.4° W 131.7° W 134.6° W 77.1° W 77.0° W 75.3° W 73.6° W 73.6° W 73.9° W 83.3° W 73.0° W 76.0° W 75.2° W 15.5° E 135.3° E 138.1° E 134.3° E 133.7° E 47.6° W 47.3° W 46.5° W 44.6° W 48.4° W 45.7° W 48.5° W 50.0° W 50.5° W 11.6° E 8.9° E 13.0° E 6.3° E 5.7° E 8.7° E 108.7° E 110.2° E 91.6° W 90.2° W 93.5° W 11.3° E 23.4° W 6.3° W 65.1° E 152.0° W 112.7° E 113.3° E 114.4° E 89.7° E 53.4° E 79.6° W 67.3° W 105.7° E 108.4° E 106.6° E

25 70 22 41 13 13 14 12 57 17 14 15 11 12 8 11 29 7 9 8 49 5 6 5 4 9 61 51 42 164 14 11 10 9 14 21 6 15 15 1 67 16 17 16 8 8 7 7 4 4 3 3 5 12 4 7 6 5 5 50 18 40 10 19 5 0 1 13.5 35 42 15 19 23 10 58 20 122 50 23

5 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 112 112 112 126 126 112 126 111 126 126 112 126 111 126 112 126 126 126 106 106 106 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 78 102 102 102 102 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 56 42 41 42 41 41 41 30 30 72 72 72 42 76 77 144 144 16 16 16 81 44 1 1 29 30 46

T. Mayer T. Mayer A T. Mayer B T. Mayer C T. Mayer D T. Mayer E T. Mayer F T. Mayer G T. Mayer H T. Mayer K

15.6° N 15.3° N 15.4° N 12.2° N 12.2° N 16.1° N 12.9° N 17.3° N 11.7° N 18.1° N

29.1° W 28.3° W 30.9° W 26.0° W 26.8° W 26.2° W 28.9° W 27.1° W 25.5° W 27.6° W

33 16 13 15 8 9 6 7 3 5

58 58 57 58 58 40 58 40 58 40

T. Mayer L 13.2° N T. Mayer M 14.9° N T. Mayer N 13.5° N T. Mayer P 14.0° N T. Mayer R 11.6° N T. Mayer S 11.7° N T. Mayer W 17.5° N T. Mayer Z 14.2° N Tacchini 4.9° N (Neper K) Tacitus 16.2° S Tacitus A 17.4° S Tacitus B 14.0° S Tacitus C 13.6° S Tacitus D 13.5° S Tacitus E 13.9° S Tacitus F 17.1° S Tacitus G 17.4° S Tacitus H 17.8° S Tacitus J 14.9° S Tacitus K 13.1° S Tacitus L 14.4° S Tacitus M 13.9° S Tacitus N 16.9° S Tacitus O 14.0° S Tacitus Q 18.0° S Tacitus R 16.7° S Tacitus S 14.5° S Tacitus X 15.8° S Tacquet 16.6° N Tacquet A 14.3° N (Al-Bakri) Tacquet B 15.8° N Tacquet C 13.5° N Taizo 24.7° N Talbot 2.5° S Tamm 4.4° S Tamm X 2.7° S Tannerus 56.4° S Tannerus A 57.5° S Tannerus B 57.7° S Tannerus C 55.3° S Tannerus D 55.8° S Tannerus E 56.1° S Tannerus F 55.0° S Tannerus G 55.1° S Tannerus H 54.2° S Tannerus J 57.2° S Tannerus K 55.5° S Tannerus L 57.5° S Tannerus M 54.9° S Tannerus N 55.9° S Tannerus P 55.6° S Taruntius 5.6° N Taruntius A 7.3° N (Asada) Taruntius B 3.3° N Taruntius C 6.2° N (Cameron) Taruntius D (Watts) 8.9° N Taruntius E 5.6° N (Zahringer) Taruntius F 4.0° N Taruntius G (Anville) 1.9° N Taruntius H 0.3° N Taruntius K 0.6° N Taruntius L 5.5° N Taruntius M 7.4° N (Lawrence) Taruntius N 2.4° N (Smithson) Taruntius O 2.2° N Taruntius P 0.1° N Taruntius R 6.1° N Taruntius S 4.9° N Taruntius T 3.4° N Taruntius U 5.6° N Taruntius V 4.5° N Taruntius W 5.5° N Taruntius X 7.7° N Taruntius Z 7.6° N Taurus-Littrow 20.0° N Valley Taylor 5.3° S Taylor A 4.2° S Taylor AB 3.1° S Taylor B 4.3° S Taylor C 5.6° S Taylor D 5.3° S Taylor E 6.0° S

24.7° W 25.6° W 25.6° W 29.5° W 26.4° W 28.3° W 34.9° W 26.1° W 85.8° E

4 5 5 35 5 3 34 4 40

58 58 58 58 58 58 39 58 63

19.0° E 20.5° E 20.4° E 19.8° E 21.0° E 20.1° E 17.6° E 18.2° E 18.5° E 19.7° E 20.1° E 20.9° E 21.5° E 19.4° E 21.9° E 20.5° E 19.7° E 19.1° E 18.2° E 19.2° E 20.2° E

39 11 13 9 15 9 10 6 7 3 3 6 6 7 5 5 5 10 4 7 12

96 96 78 78 78 78 96 96 96 78 78 78 78 96 78 96 96 78 60 42 60

20.0° E 21.1° E 2.2° E 85.3° E 146.4° E 145.5° E 22.0° E 18.2° E 19.7° E 22.7° E 18.0° E 19.6° E 22.1° E 16.2° E 22.7° E 24.6° E 20.7° E 22.3° E 20.9° E 24.1° E 21.9° E 46.5° E 49.9° E

14 6 6 11 38 13 28 5 14 16 32 26 36 22 20 12 8 7 6 10 20 56 12

60 60 41 81 84 84 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 61 61

46.6° E 45.9° E

7 11

61 61

46.3° E 40.2° E

15 11

61 61

40.5° E 49.5° E 49.9° E 51.6° E 44.4° E 43.2° E

11 11 8 5 14 24

61 61 61 62 61 61

53.6° E

6

62

54.3° E 51.6° E 47.9° E 42.4° E 47.5° E 50.1° E 49.8° E 48.9° E 53.0° E 44.9° E 31.0° E

7 7 5 5 10 12 21 15 23 17 30

62 62 61 61 61 61 62 61 61 61 43

16.7° E 15.4° E 14.6° E 14.3° E 14.8° E 15.7° E 17.1° E

42 38 23 29 5 8 14

78 78 78 78 78 78 78

Tebbutt (Picard G) Teisserenc Teisserenc C Teisserenc P Teisserenc Q Tempel Ten Bruggencate Ten Bruggencate C Ten Bruggencate D Ten Bruggencate H Ten Bruggencate Y Tereshkova Tereshkova U Terrace Tesla Tesla J Thales Thales A Thales E Thales F Thales G Thales H Thales W Theaetetus Thebit Thebit A Thebit B Thebit C Thebit D Thebit E Thebit F Thebit J Thebit K Thebit L Thebit P Thebit Q Thebit R Thebit S Thebit T Thebit U Theiler Theon Junior Theon Junior B Theon Junior C Theon Senior Theon Senior A Theon Senior B Theon Senior C Theophilus Theophilus B Theophilus E Theophilus F Theophilus G Theophilus K Theophilus W Theophrastus Thiel Thiel T Thiessen Thiessen Q Thiessen W Thomson Thomson J Thomson M Thomson V Thomson W Tikhomirov Tikhomirov J Tikhomirov K Tikhomirov N Tikhomirov R Tikhomirov T Tikhomirov X Tikhomirov Y Tikhov Tiling Tiling C Tiling D Tiling F Tiling G Timaeus Timiryazev Timiryazev B Timiryazev L Timiryazev P Timiryazev S Timiryazev W Timocharis Timocharis A (Heinrich)

9.6° N 32.2° N 33.1° N 30.1° N 31.1° N 3.9° N 9.5° S 7.9° S 8.1° S 10.0° S 6.7° S 28.4° N 28.7° N 26.1° N 38.5° N 37.2° N 61.8° N 58.5° N 57.2° N 59.4° N 61.6° N 60.3° N 58.5° N 37.0° N 22.0° S 21.5° S 22.3° S 21.2° S 19.8° S 23.1° S 23.0° S 22.5° S 23.1° S 21.5° S 24.0° S 20.1° S 20.2° S 24.8° S 20.7° S 20.3° S 13.4° N 2.3° S 2.1° S 2.3° S 0.8° S 0.2° S 0.2° N 1.4° S 11.4° S 10.5° S 6.8° S 8.0° S 7.2° S 12.5° S 7.8° S 17.5° N 40.7° N 40.4° N 75.4° N 73.9° N 76.3° N 32.7° S 35.9° S 35.7° S 30.7° S 30.2° S 25.2° N 20.9° N 21.3° N 21.1° N 24.1° N 25.4° N 27.3° N 28.3° N 62.3° N 53.1° S 50.4° S 52.0° S 52.3° S 53.0° S 62.8° N 5.5° S 2.3° S 8.2° S 7.9° S 6.0° S 3.0° S 26.7° N 24.8° N

53.6° E 135.9° W 134.7° W 137.1° W 137.3° W 11.9° E 134.4° E 136.1° E 136.9° E 135.6° E 134.0° E 144.3° E 142.8° E 3.7° E 124.7° E 126.7° E 50.3° E 40.8° E 43.2° E 42.1° E 45.3° E 48.0° E 39.8° E 6.0° E 4.0° W 4.9° W 6.2° W 4.1° W 8.3° W 4.6° W 5.3° W 5.5° W 3.7° W 5.4° W 5.7° W 4.2° W 4.8° W 7.2° W 6.0° W 5.8° W 83.3° E 15.8° E 13.3° E 14.7° E 15.4° E 15.4° E 14.1° E 14.5° E 26.4° E 25.2° E 24.0° E 26.0° E 25.7° E 26.3° E 28.6° E 39.0° E 134.5° W 136.6° W 169.0° W 174.6° W 173.2° W 166.2° E 169.6° E 166.0° E 162.2° E 163.3° E 162.0° E 165.7° E 163.9° E 161.4° E 160.3° E 158.8° E 160.6° E 160.3° E 171.7° E 132.6° W 129.7° W 131.2° W 129.0° W 128.6° W 0.5° W 147.0° W 145.7° W 146.4° W 148.0° W 149.4° W 150.0° W 13.1° W 15.3° W

31 62 47 25 30 45 59 19 43 33 57 31 23 0 43 18 31 12 29 37 12 10 6 24 56 20 4 6 5 7 4 10 5 12 78 16 9 16 3 4 7 17 8 4 18 5 6 6 110 8 21 13 19 6 4 9 32 31 66 39 24 117 44 119 13 17 65 29 23 18 21 26 24 20 83 38 21 34 17 14 32 53 23 18 21 53 32 33 7

62 34 34 52 52 60 84 84 84 84 84 48 48 41 30 30 14 14 14 14 14 14 13 25 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 63 78 78 78 78 78 60 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 43 34 34 8 7 7 103 119 119 103 103 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 18 134 134 134 134 134 12 88 88 88 88 88 88 40 40

Timocharis B – Von Braun

Feature Name Timocharis B Timocharis C Timocharis D Timocharis E Timocharis F (Landsteiner) Timocharis H Timocharis K (Pupin) Tiselius Tiselius E Tiselius L Tisserand Tisserand A Tisserand B Tisserand D Tisserand K Titius Titius J Titius N Titius Q Titius R Titov Titov E Tolansky (Parry A) Torricelli Torricelli A Torricelli B Torricelli C Torricelli F Torricelli G Torricelli H Torricelli J Torricelli K Torricelli L Torricelli M Torricelli N Torricelli P Torricelli R Torricelli T Tortilla Flat Toscanelli Townley Tralles Tralles A Tralles B Tralles C Trap Trident Triesnecker Triesnecker D Triesnecker E Triesnecker F Triesnecker G Triesnecker H Triesnecker J Triplet Trouvelot Trouvelot G Trouvelot H Trumpler Trumpler V Tsander Tsander B Tsander R Tsander S Tsander V Tsinger Tsinger W Tsinger Y Tsiolkovsky Tsiolkovsky W Tsiolkovsky X Tsu Chung-Chi Tsu Chung-Chi W Tucker Turner Turner A Turner B Turner C Turner F Turner H Turner K Turner L Turner M Turner N Turner Q Tycho

Lat. 27.9° N 24.8° N 23.8° N 24.6° N 31.3° N

Long. 12.1° W 14.2° W 15.1° W 17.1° W 14.8° W

D 5 4 3 4 6

LAC 40 40 40 40 40

23.6° N 23.8° N

16.6° W 11.0° W

2 2

40 40

7.0° N 7.3° N 4.6° N 21.4° N 20.4° N 20.7° N 21.7° N 19.8° N 26.8° S 27.6° S 28.1° S 28.0° S 27.1° S 28.6° N 29.1° N 9.5° S

176.5° E 177.7° E 177.4° E 48.2° E 49.4° E 51.3° E 49.4° E 50.4° E 100.7° E 101.6° E 100.0° E 98.6° E 99.9° E 150.5° E 153.9° E 16.0° W

53 17 12 36 24 8 7 11 73 24 20 46 14 31 22 13

68 68 68 43 43 44 43 44 100 100 100 100 100 49 49 76

4.6° S 4.5° S 2.6° S 2.7° S 4.2° S 1.4° S 3.3° S 3.6° S 4.0° S 3.5° S 3.6° S 6.1° S 6.5° S 5.2° S 4.2° S 20.2° N 27.4° N 3.4° N 28.4° N 27.5° N 27.3° N 27.8° N 9.1° S 20.2° N 4.2° N 3.5° N 5.6° N 4.1° N 3.7° N 3.3° N 3.3° N 3.7° S 49.3° N 47.5° N 49.8° N 29.3° N 29.8° N 6.2° N 9.6° N 3.4° N 5.7° N 7.9° N 56.7° N 58.1° N 58.1° N 21.2° S 16.0° S 14.7° S 17.3° N 18.5° N 5.6° S 1.4° S 1.1° S 0.9° S 2.4° S 1.6° S 2.8° S 3.8° S 3.4° S 4.2° S 2.9° S 1.0° S 43.4° S

28.5° E 29.8° E 29.1° E 26.0° E 29.4° E 27.0° E 25.3° E 25.1° E 25.2° E 24.3° E 31.2° E 29.2° E 29.9° E 28.1° E 27.5° E 30.7° E 47.5° W 63.3° E 52.8° E 47.0° E 50.6° E 49.4° E 15.4° E 30.8° E 3.6° E 6.0° E 2.5° E 4.8° E 5.2° E 2.8° E 2.5° E 17.5° W 5.8° E 0.4° E 4.5° E 167.1° E 164.0° E 149.3° W 147.0° W 152.2° W 149.4° W 153.5° W 175.6° E 173.8° E 175.1° E 128.9° E 126.9° E 126.5° E 145.1° E 143.3° E 88.2° E 13.2° W 14.7° W 10.6° W 12.3° W 14.1° W 13.0° W 13.4° W 12.5° W 11.8° W 12.0° W 12.4° W 11.1° W

22 11 7 11 7 4 7 5 6 4 14 4 4 87 3 1 7 18 43 18 11 7 1 0 26 6 5 4 3 3 3 0 9 5 5 77 36 181 55 36 20 37 44 53 31 185 13 12 28 24 7 11 6 5 5 7 4 4 5 4 4 3 86

78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 79 78 78 78 78 43 39 62 44 43 44 43 78 43 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 76 12 25 25 49 49 69 70 69 70 69 18 18 18 101 83 83 48 48 81 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 112

Tycho A Tycho B Tycho C Tycho D Tycho E Tycho F Tycho H Tycho J Tycho K Tycho P Tycho Q Tycho R Tycho S Tycho T Tycho U Tycho V Tycho W Tycho X Tycho Y Tycho Z Tyndall Tyndall S

39.9° S 43.9° S 44.3° S 45.6° S 42.2° S 40.9° S 45.2° S 42.5° S 45.1° S 45.3° S 42.5° S 41.8° S 43.4° S 41.2° S 41.0° S 41.7° S 43.2° S 43.8° S 44.1° S 43.1° S 34.9° S 35.1° S

12.0° W 13.9° W 13.7° W 14.0° W 13.5° W 13.1° W 15.8° W 15.3° W 14.3° W 13.0° W 15.9° W 13.6° W 16.1° W 12.5° W 13.8° W 15.3° W 15.3° W 15.2° W 15.8° W 16.2° W 117.0° E 115.7° E

31 13 7 27 14 16 8 11 6 8 21 5 3 14 19 4 19 13 19 24 18 18

111 111 111 112 111 111 112 112 112 111 112 111 112 111 111 112 112 112 112 112 117 112

Ukert Ukert A Ukert B Ukert E Ukert J Ukert K Ukert M Ukert N Ukert P Ukert R Ukert V Ukert W Ukert X Ukert Y Ulugh Beigh Ulugh Beigh A Ulugh Beigh B Ulugh Beigh C Ulugh Beigh D Ulugh Beigh M Urey

7.8° N 8.7° N 8.3° N 9.0° N 11.1° N 6.5° N 7.9° N 7.6° N 7.8° N 8.2° N 8.7° N 9.5° N 9.2° N 10.1° N 32.7° N 34.1° N 32.8° N 31.4° N 31.6° N 35.7° N 27.9° N

1.4° E 1.3° E 1.3° E 0.4° E 0.6° W 3.7° E 2.3° E 2.0° E 2.9° E 0.7° E 3.2° E 2.3° E 1.9° E 0.2° E 81.9° W 79.3° W 79.3° W 79.1° W 82.4° W 83.4° W 87.4° E

23 9 21 5 3 4 26 17 5 18 3 3 3 4 54 41 8 31 21 7 38

59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 22 22 22 37 37 22 45

Vaisala (Aristarchus A) Valier Valier J Valier P Vallis Alpes Vallis Baade Vallis Bohr Vallis Bouvard Vallis Capella Vallis Inghirami Vallis Palitzsch Vallis Planck Vallis Rheita Vallis Schrodinger Vallis Schroteri Vallis Snellius Van Albada (Auzout A) Van Biesbroeck (Krieger B) Van De Graaff Van De Graaff C Van De Graaff F Van De Graaff J Van De Graaff M Van De Graaff Q Van Den Bergh Van Den Bergh F Van Den Bergh M Van Den Bergh P Van Den Bergh Y Van Den Bos Van Der Waals Van Der Waals B Van Der Waals C Van Der Waals H Van Der Waals K Van Der Waals W Van Gent Van Gent D Van Gent N Van Gent P Van Gent T Van Gent U

25.9° N

47.8° W

8

39

6.8° N 6.3° N 4.8° N 48.5° N 45.9° S 12.4° N 38.3° S 7.6° S 43.8° S 26.4° S 58.4° S 42.5° S 67.0° S 26.2° N 31.1° S 9.4° N

174.5° E 174.9° E 173.3° E 3.2° E 76.2° W 86.6° W 83.1° W 34.9° E 72.2° W 64.3° E 126.1° E 51.5° E 105.0° E 50.8° W 56.0° E 64.3° E

67 26 8 166 203 80 284 49 148 132 451 445 310 168 592 21

68 68 68 12 124 55 109 79 109 98 130 114 140 38 98 62

28.7° N

45.6° W

8.7

39

27.4° S 26.6° S 26.8° S 28.5° S 30.6° S 27.6° S 31.3° N 31.0° N 30.7° N 29.5° N 33.1° N 5.3° S 43.9° S 41.0° S 40.5° S 44.3° S 45.8° S 41.3° S 15.4° N 16.3° N 13.5° N 12.6° N 15.5° N 17.0° N

172.2° E 172.8° E 174.6° E 174.1° E 171.5° E 171.3° E 159.1° W 155.0° W 159.2° W 160.1° W 159.7° W 146.0° E 119.9° E 121.0° E 123.6° E 121.7° E 122.0° E 117.1° E 160.4° E 161.7° E 160.0° E 159.4° E 157.2° E 157.1° E

233 20 20 25 19 15 42 29 15 15 43 22 104 17 24 31 55 46 43 35 32 47 16 20

104 104 104 104 104 104 51 51 51 51 33 84 117 117 117 117 117 117 67 49 67 67 67 49

Van Gent X Van Maanen Van Maanen K Van Rhijn Van Rhijn T Van Serg Van Vleck Van Wijk Van’t Hoff Van’t Hoff F Van’t Hoff M Van’t Hoff N Vasco Da Gama Vasco Da Gama A Vasco Da Gama B Vasco Da Gama C Vasco Da Gama F Vasco Da Gama P Vasco Da Gama R Vasco Da Gama S Vasco Da Gama T Vashakidze Vavilov Vavilov D Vavilov K Vavilov P Vega Vega A Vega B Vega C Vega D Vega G Vega H Vega J Vendelinus Vendelinus D Vendelinus E Vendelinus F Vendelinus H Vendelinus K Vendelinus L Vendelinus N Vendelinus P Vendelinus S Vendelinus T Vendelinus U Vendelinus V Vendelinus W Vendelinus Y Vendelinus Z Vening Meinesz Vening Meinesz C Vening Meinesz Q Vening Meinesz T Vening Meinesz W Vening Meinesz Z Ventris Ventris A Ventris B Ventris C Ventris D Ventris M Ventris N Ventris R Vera Vernadsky Vernadsky B Vernadsky U Vernadsky X Verne Vertregt Vertregt J Vertregt K Vertregt L Vertregt P Vertregt R Very (Le Monnier B) Vesalius Vesalius C Vesalius D Vesalius G Vesalius H Vesalius J Vesalius M Vestine Vestine A Vestine T Vetchinkin Vetchinkin F

16.4° N 35.7° N 33.2° N 52.6° N 52.2° N 20.2° N 1.9° S 62.8° S 62.1° N 61.5° N 56.8° N 57.9° N 13.6° N 12.7° N 15.7° N 11.4° N 14.0° N 12.0° N 10.0° N 12.6° N 11.8° N 43.6° N 0.8° S 0.1° S 5.2° S 3.4° S 45.4° S 47.2° S 46.2° S 45.2° S 44.7° S 44.4° S 44.5° S 45.6° S 16.4° S 19.0° S 17.9° S 18.5° S 15.3° S 13.8° S 17.6° S 16.8° S 17.6° S 15.4° S 13.5° S 16.0° S 15.5° S 14.6° S 17.5° S 17.2° S 0.3° S 1.2° N 2.6° S 0.4° S 1.5° N 0.8° N 4.9° S 4.4° S 2.4° S 3.2° S 3.4° S 6.0° S 7.1° S 6.3° S 26.3° N 23.2° N 25.2° N 23.7° N 25.9° N 24.9° N 19.8° S 21.5° S 20.1° S 21.1° S 23.6° S 21.8° S 25.6° N

159.7° E 128.0° E 129.1° E 146.4° E 140.0° E 30.8° E 78.3° E 118.8° E 131.8° W 126.2° W 132.1° W 132.3° W 83.9° W 80.0° W 83.0° W 84.9° W 80.6° W 80.4° W 83.4° W 82.8° W 83.3° W 93.3° E 137.9° W 137.1° W 135.5° W 139.6° W 63.4° E 65.3° E 63.5° E 64.8° E 64.3° E 62.4° E 60.1° E 59.9° E 61.6° E 58.2° E 61.0° E 65.0° E 61.4° E 62.5° E 61.7° E 65.9° E 66.3° E 57.9° E 62.8° E 58.7° E 55.8° E 58.7° E 62.2° E 62.3° E 162.6° E 163.8° E 161.0° E 159.3° E 161.0° E 162.5° E 158.0° E 158.2° E 158.2° E 158.9° E 160.3° E 157.9° E 157.6° E 155.1° E 43.7° W 130.5° E 131.7° E 126.5° E 129.0° E 25.3° W 171.1° E 174.3° E 172.0° E 171.5° E 170.0° E 167.1° E 25.3° E

38 60 23 46 35 0 31 32 92 41 36 46 83 23 27 44 53 91 59 28 20 44 98 102 30 23 75 12 30 21 25 11 6 19 131 10 21 32 7 9 17 18 16 5 5 5 5 5 10 7 87 46 17 15 39 25 95 26 18 48 21 18 63 13 2 91 71 37 64 2 187 17 27 38 24 25 5

49 30 30 17 17 43 81 130 20 20 20 20 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 29 88 88 88 88 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 80 98 98 98 80 80 98 98 98 80 80 80 80 80 98 98 85 67 85 85 67 67 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 39 48 48 47 47 40 104 104 104 104 103 103 42

3.1° S 0.8° S 2.2° S 3.7° S 3.9° S 4.8° S 5.7° S 33.9° N 36.2° N 33.9° N 10.2° N 10.0° N

114.5° E 116.7° E 116.9° E 117.3° E 119.0° E 119.1° E 114.5° E 93.9° E 94.8° E 91.1° E 131.3° E 134.0° E

61 22 50 14 36 25 31 96 17 49 98 30

83 83 83 83 83 83 83 29 29 29 66 66

Vetchinkin K Vetchinkin P Vetchinkin Q Victory Vieta Vieta A Vieta B Vieta C Vieta D Vieta E Vieta F Vieta G Vieta H Vieta J Vieta K Vieta L Vieta M Vieta P Vieta R Vieta T Vieta Y Vil’ev Vil’ev B Vil’ev J Vil’ev V Virchow (Neper G) Virtanen Virtanen B Virtanen C Virtanen J Virtanen Z Vitello Vitello A Vitello B Vitello C Vitello D Vitello E Vitello G Vitello H Vitello K Vitello L Vitello M Vitello N Vitello P Vitello R Vitello S Vitello T Vitello X Vitruvius Vitruvius A (Gardner) Vitruvius B Vitruvius E (Fabbroni) Vitruvius G Vitruvius H Vitruvius L Vitruvius M Vitruvius T Viviani Viviani N Viviani P Vlacq Vlacq A Vlacq B Vlacq C Vlacq D Vlacq E Vlacq G Vlacq H Vlacq K Vogel Vogel A Vogel B Vogel C Volkov Volkov F Volkov J Volta Volta B Volta D Volterra Volterra R Von Baeyer Von Behring Von Bekesy Von Bekesy F Von Bekesy T Von Braun

9.6° N 7.7° N 9.6° N 20.2° N 29.2° S 30.3° S 30.5° S 28.7° S 27.8° S 27.0° S 26.8° S 29.4° S 29.1° S 28.9° S 28.0° S 29.5° S 29.8° S 27.5° S 26.6° S 32.4° S 30.5° S 6.1° S 4.5° S 6.6° S 5.3° S 9.8° N

132.3° E 130.3° E 130.7° E 30.7° E 56.3° W 59.3° W 60.2° W 58.4° W 54.2° W 58.1° W 57.7° W 57.0° W 56.2° W 55.9° W 55.0° W 60.2° W 60.6° W 57.9° W 57.5° W 57.8° W 55.8° W 144.4° E 144.7° E 145.3° E 142.9° E 83.7° E

22 17 23 1 87 34 40 12 8 11 6 6 5 6 5 8 5 8 3 28 11 45 13 17 44 16

66 66 66 43 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 110 92 84 84 84 84 63

15.5° N 17.8° N 17.3° N 14.0° N 16.5° N 30.4° S 34.1° S 31.1° S 32.4° S 33.2° S 29.2° S 32.3° S 32.8° S 31.9° S 31.6° S 32.4° S 32.1° S 31.2° S 33.0° S 30.8° S 33.8° S 32.2° S 17.6° N 17.7° N

176.7° E 177.8° E 178.2° E 177.9° E 176.6° E 37.5° W 41.9° W 35.4° W 42.5° W 41.0° W 35.8° W 37.6° W 43.0° W 37.6° W 35.3° W 36.0° W 36.1° W 38.4° W 37.0° W 35.2° W 39.6° W 40.6° W 31.3° E 33.8° E

44 24 20 21 31 42 21 11 14 18 7 10 12 13 7 7 5 9 3 6 9 8 29 18

68 50 50 50 68 93 110 93 110 110 93 111 110 93 93 111 93 93 111 93 110 110 43 43

16.4° N 18.7° N

33.0° E 29.2° E

18 11

43 42

13.9° N 16.7° N 19.0° N 16.1° N 17.1° N 5.2° N 3.5° N 4.1° N 53.3° S 51.2° S 51.0° S 50.3° S 48.7° S 52.0° S 54.9° S 47.9° S 51.2° S 15.1° S 14.1° S 14.4° S 14.1° S 13.6° S 13.5° S 14.4° S 53.9° N 54.6° N 52.5° N 56.8° N 56.2° N 81.8° S 7.8° S 51.9° N 52.9° N 52.2° N 41.1° N

34.6° E 33.9° E 30.7° E 31.5° E 33.2° E 117.1° E 116.5° E 116.5° E 38.8° E 38.9° E 39.7° E 39.4° E 36.2° E 36.2° E 38.1° E 34.9° E 36.6° E 5.9° E 5.6° E 5.7° E 5.3° E 131.7° E 134.0° E 132.4° E 84.4° W 83.5° W 83.3° W 132.2° E 129.6° E 61.8° E 71.8° E 126.8° E 137.3° E 121.9° E 78.0° W

6 22 6 5 15 26 16 15 89 17 18 19 34 11 27 11 12 26 9 22 10 40 10 32 123 9 20 52 31 13.5 38 96 18 29 60

61 43 43 43 43 65 65 65 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 77 77 77 77 84 84 84 21 21 21 17 16 144 81 16 17 17 22

315

Von Der Pahlen – Zach G

Feature Name Von Der Pahlen Von Der Pahlen E Von Der Pahlen H Von Der Pahlen V Von Karman Von Karman L Von Karman M Von Karman R Von Neumann Von Zeipel Von Zeipel J Voskresensky Voskresensky K

Lat. 24.8° S 24.5° S 27.1° S 23.8° S 44.8° S 47.7° S 47.2° S 45.8° S 40.4° N 42.6° N 40.8° N 28.0° N 28.8° N

Long. 132.7° W 128.8° W 127.5° W 135.6° W 175.9° E 177.9° E 176.2° E 170.8° E 153.2° E 141.6° W 139.3° W 88.1° W 84.1° W

D 56 32 35 19 180 29 225 28 78 83 39 49 34

LAC 106 107 107 106 119 119 119 119 31 34 34 37 37

W. Bond W. Bond B W. Bond C W. Bond D W. Bond E W. Bond F W. Bond G Walker Walker A Walker G Walker N Walker R Walker W Walker Z Wallace Wallace A Wallace B (Huxley) Wallace C Wallace D Wallace H Wallace K Wallace T Wallach Walter Walter A Walter B Walter C Walter D Walter E Walter F Walter G Walter J Walter K Walter L Walter M Walter N Walter O Walter P Walter Q Walter R Walter S Walter T Walter U Walter W Walter X Walther Wan-Hoo Wan-Hoo T Wapowski Wargentin Wargentin A Wargentin B Wargentin C Wargentin D Wargentin E Wargentin F Wargentin H Wargentin K Wargentin L Wargentin M Wargentin P Warner Waterman Watson Watson G Watt Watt A Watt B Watt C Watt D Watt E Watt F Watt G Watt H Watt J

65.4° N 64.9° N 65.6° N 63.5° N 63.8° N 64.5° N 63.0° N 26.0° S 24.9° S 26.9° S 29.0° S 26.5° S 24.6° S 22.4° S 20.3° N 19.2° N 20.2° N 17.6° N 17.9° N 21.3° N 19.3° N 21.9° N 4.9° N 28.0° N 32.4° S 30.5° S 31.2° S 32.0° S 33.3° S 33.1° S 32.5° S 34.4° S 34.1° S 31.9° S 34.0° S 33.7° S 35.6° S 35.4° S 33.5° S 35.8° S 36.4° S 33.4° S 33.4° S 32.8° S 32.1° S 33.1° S 9.8° S 10.0° S 83.1° S 49.6° S 47.1° S 51.4° S 47.4° S 51.0° S 50.9° S 51.5° S 47.4° S 48.3° S 48.1° S 48.1° S 48.7° S 4.0° S 25.9° S 62.6° S 63.3° S 49.5° S 50.3° S 50.1° S 50.0° S 50.3° S 49.7° S 50.5° S 50.9° S 51.2° S 51.6° S

4.5° W 7.6° E 8.2° E 3.2° E 9.1° E 9.6° E 7.0° E 162.2° W 162.0° W 158.8° W 162.6° W 163.8° W 164.3° W 161.9° W 8.7° W 5.6° W 4.5° W 6.4° W 5.7° W 9.1° W 6.8° W 5.1° W 32.3° E 33.8° W 0.7° E 1.4° W 0.8° W 2.8° E 1.2° W 2.1° E 3.9° W 1.5° W 1.4° W 0.9° W 0.3° W 0.2° W 0.1° W 0.2° E 0.3° E 0.4° E 0.6° E 1.8° E 2.7° E 2.5° W 1.9° W 1.0° E 138.8° W 140.4° W 53.6° E 60.2° W 59.1° W 67.6° W 61.2° W 65.1° W 66.9° W 66.1° W 60.1° W 57.8° W 58.2° W 58.9° W 56.6° W 87.3° E 128.0° E 124.5° W 120.3° W 48.6° E 46.4° E 48.0° E 51.5° E 55.2° E 55.3° E 54.3° E 58.7° E 57.2° E 58.3° E

156 15 7 7 25 9 4 32 20 20 17 17 44 16 26 4 4 5 4 2 3 2 6 1 12 9 14 18 13 6 8 7 7 5 5 6 6 9 4 8 12 8 4 36 10 128 52 21 11.6 84 21 18 12 16 16 20 9 7 11 7 9 35 76 62 34 66 10 6 24 32 10 16 13 16 18

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 61 39 112 95 95 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 112 88 88 144 124 110 124 110 124 124 124 110 124 124 124 124 81 101 134 134 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128

316

Watt K Watt L Watt M Watt N Watt R Watt S Watt T Watt U Watt W Watts (Taruntius D) Webb Webb B Webb C Webb D Webb E Webb F Webb G Webb H Webb J Webb K Webb L Webb M Webb N Webb P Webb Q Webb R (Condon) Webb U Webb W Webb X Weber Weber N Wegener Wegener K Wegener W Weierstrass Weigel Weigel A Weigel B Weigel C Weigel D Weigel E Weigel F Weigel G Weigel H Weinek Weinek A Weinek B Weinek D Weinek E Weinek F Weinek G Weinek H Weinek K Weinek L Weinek M Weird Weiss Weiss A Weiss B Weiss D Weiss E Werner Werner A Werner B Werner D Werner E Werner F Werner G Werner H Wessex Cleft West Wexler Wexler E Wexler H Wexler U Wexler V Weyl Whewell Whewell A Whewell B Whipple White White W Wichmann Wichmann A Wichmann B Wichmann C Wichmann D Wichmann R

51.4° S 52.6° S 53.1° S 53.6° S 51.0° S 52.2° S 51.6° S 52.0° S 51.1° S 8.9° N

55.9° E 57.6° E 59.9° E 58.7° E 47.5° E 47.8° E 51.0° E 51.7° E 51.9° E 46.3° E

8 32 42 11 12 6 4 5 7 15

128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 128 61

0.9° S 0.8° S 0.3° N 2.3° S 1.0° N 1.5° N 1.7° N 2.1° S 0.6° S 0.7° S 0.1° N 0.2° S 0.3° S 2.3° N 1.0° S 1.9° N 1.8° N 3.0° N 3.2° N 50.4° N 49.2° N 45.2° N 43.3° N 47.5° N 1.3° S 58.2° S 58.6° S 58.8° S 59.5° S 58.0° S 56.9° S 57.5° S 57.7° S 58.2° S 27.5° S 26.9° S 26.9° S 26.0° S 25.3° S 25.1° S 26.9° S 28.6° S 28.9° S 26.1° S 25.8° S 3.7° S 31.8° S 30.5° S 31.2° S 30.7° S 31.1° S 28.0° S 27.2° S 26.2° S 27.1° S 27.4° S 25.8° S 27.6° S 26.6° S 20.3° N 0.8° N 69.1° S 68.8° S 70.5° S 68.2° S 68.0° S 17.5° N 4.2° N 4.7° N 5.0° N 89.1° N 44.6° S 42.1° S 7.5° S 7.4° S 7.1° S 4.7° S 5.4° S 6.6° S

60.0° E 58.4° E 63.8° E 57.6° E 61.1° E 61.0° E 61.2° E 59.5° E 64.0° E 62.9° E 62.7° E 63.8° E 63.6° E 57.8° E 61.2° E 60.4° E 56.3° E 58.2° E 58.3° E 123.4° W 123.6° W 113.3° W 111.9° W 116.1° W 77.2° E 38.8° W 37.8° W 41.1° W 41.9° W 41.6° W 42.3° W 40.9° W 35.3° W 40.6° W 37.0° E 35.5° E 38.2° E 36.6° E 37.5° E 38.2° E 39.0° E 38.5° E 38.4° E 39.7° E 40.0° E 17.5° W 19.5° W 18.6° W 18.4° W 20.3° W 19.2° W 3.3° E 1.1° E 0.7° E 3.2° E 0.8° E 0.8° E 1.3° E 1.5° E 30.9° E 23.5° E 90.2° E 95.5° E 96.7° E 82.0° E 83.9° E 120.2° W 13.7° E 14.1° E 14.5° E 119.9° E 158.3° W 162.7° W 38.1° W 36.9° W 39.1° W 37.4° W 36.0° W 39.0° W

21 6 34 7 7 9 9 10 24 21 7 5 4 36 5 35 6 8 8 42 21 88 32 53 33 35 17 37 10 16 11 7 7 15 32 10 11 9 9 4 15 6 17 9 6 0 66 4 10 9 17 70 15 13 2 7 10 9 16 4 0 51 23 14 51 21 108 13 4 3 14.5 39 24 10 4 4 3 3 62

80 80 62 80 62 62 62 80 80 80 62 80 80 62 80 62 62 62 62 20 20 122 35 35 81 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 97 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 76 94 94 94 94 94 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 43 60 139 139 139 139 139 107 60 60 60 1 120 120 75 75 75 75 75 75

Widmannstatten Wiechert Wiechert A Wiechert E Wiechert J Wiechert P Wiechert U Wiener Wiener F Wiener H Wiener K Wiener Q Wildt Wilhelm Wilhelm A Wilhelm B Wilhelm C Wilhelm D Wilhelm E Wilhelm F Wilhelm G Wilhelm H Wilhelm J Wilhelm K Wilhelm L Wilhelm M Wilhelm N Wilhelm O Wilhelm P Wilhelm Q Wilhelm R Wilhelm S Wilhelm T Wilhelm U Wilhelm V Wilhelm W Wilhelm X Wilhelm Y Wilhelm Z Wilkins Wilkins A Wilkins B Wilkins C Wilkins D Wilkins E Wilkins F Wilkins G Wilkins H Williams Williams F Williams M Williams N Williams R Wilsing Wilsing C Wilsing D Wilsing R Wilsing T Wilsing U Wilsing V Wilsing W Wilsing X Wilsing Z Wilson Wilson A Wilson C Wilson E Wilson F Winkler Winkler A Winkler E Winkler L Winlock Winlock M Winlock W Winthrop Wohler Wohler A Wohler B Wohler C Wohler D Wohler E Wohler F Wohler G Wolf Wolf A Wolf B Wolf C Wolf E Wolf F

6.1° S 84.5° S 82.5° S 83.8° S 85.6° S 85.5° S 83.8° S 40.8° N 41.2° N 39.8° N 39.3° N 39.5° N 9.0° N 43.4° S 44.6° S 43.5° S 41.6° S 41.8° S 44.1° S 42.4° S 42.5° S 42.5° S 41.5° S 44.1° S 40.4° S 44.0° S 43.7° S 43.1° S 40.9° S 43.2° S 41.3° S 41.7° S 41.3° S 41.4° S 43.9° S 42.5° S 40.9° S 44.5° S 44.8° S 29.4° S 29.1° S 29.5° S 30.8° S 28.0° S 28.3° S 30.3° S 30.0° S 28.6° S 42.0° N 43.5° N 41.2° N 42.1° N 42.5° N 21.5° S 19.0° S 20.0° S 22.5° S 21.3° S 20.6° S 20.5° S 18.5° S 17.4° S 20.9° S 69.2° S 71.3° S 71.9° S 72.5° S 70.4° S 42.2° N 43.8° N 42.7° N 40.0° N 35.6° N 32.3° N 37.2° N 10.7° S 38.2° S 37.7° S 37.2° S 36.7° S 36.2° S 38.9° S 40.1° S 40.1° S 22.7° S 22.2° S 23.1° S 24.1° S 23.9° S 22.0° S

85.5° E 165.0° E 167.1° E 175.8° E 177.0° W 150.5° E 147.5° E 146.6° E 150.0° E 149.9° E 147.8° E 145.0° E 75.8° E 20.4° W 22.0° W 22.8° W 19.5° W 17.7° W 17.9° W 23.1° W 25.9° W 23.8° W 26.2° W 21.7° W 22.1° W 17.3° W 18.5° W 17.2° W 20.5° W 18.4° W 21.9° W 21.7° W 20.9° W 20.4° W 19.5° W 20.3° W 19.9° W 20.9° W 20.3° W 19.6° E 18.9° E 18.9° E 20.1° E 17.7° E 19.5° E 20.4° E 18.4° E 18.5° E 37.2° E 38.2° E 38.8° E 36.3° E 38.3° E 155.2° W 153.0° W 152.6° W 157.5° W 159.9° W 158.9° W 158.2° W 159.8° W 157.4° W 155.2° W 42.4° W 53.5° W 45.1° W 55.0° W 39.3° W 179.0° W 178.4° W 177.1° W 178.4° W 105.6° W 106.0° W 107.4° W 44.4° W 31.4° E 30.3° E 30.8° E 30.6° E 31.2° E 30.2° E 33.8° E 35.6° E 16.6° W 18.4° W 16.4° W 14.5° W 16.3° W 14.9° W

46 41 26 18 34 37 30 120 47 17 101 30 11 106 20 19 15 32 14 9 17 7 19 21 9 9 7 17 12 8 7 10 8 5 8 5 12 5 8 57 13 8 20 34 9 7 6 6 36 7 5 5 4 73 33 15 24 19 26 51 36 23 30 69 15 26 24 13 22 14 18 31 64 68 21 17 27 8 11 12 7 7 8 7 25 6 17 3 2 3

81 144 144 144 144 144 144 31 31 31 31 31 63 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 27 27 27 27 27 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 136 136 136 136 136 33 33 32 33 36 36 36 75 113 113 113 113 113 113 113 114 94 94 94 94 94 94

Wolf G Wolf H Wolf S Wolf T Wolff A Wolff B Wollaston Wollaston C (Nielsen) Wollaston D Wollaston N Wollaston P Wollaston R Wollaston U Wollaston V Woltjer Woltjer P Woltjer T Wood Wood S Wreck Wright Wright A Wroblewski Wrottesley Wrottesley A Wrottesley B Wurzelbauer Wurzelbauer A Wurzelbauer B Wurzelbauer C Wurzelbauer D Wurzelbauer E Wurzelbauer F Wurzelbauer G Wurzelbauer H Wurzelbauer L Wurzelbauer M Wurzelbauer N Wurzelbauer O Wurzelbauer P Wurzelbauer S Wurzelbauer W Wurzelbauer X Wurzelbauer Y Wurzelbauer Z Wyld Wyld C Wyld J

22.5° S 23.0° S 21.2° S 23.4° S 15.8° N 16.0° N 30.6° N 31.8° N

16.8° W 14.7° W 16.5° W 18.8° W 7.7° W 8.7° W 46.9° W 51.8° W

7 8 35 27 7 8 10 10

94 94 94 94 59 59 39 38

33.1° N 28.3° N 29.3° N 29.5° N 31.0° N 30.9° N 45.2° N 43.4° N 45.1° N 43.0° N 43.8° N 9.1° S 31.6° S 32.8° S 24.0° S 23.9° S 23.5° S 24.8° S 33.9° S 35.7° S 34.9° S 35.0° S 36.3° S 35.7° S 35.9° S 34.6° S 35.3° S 34.8° S 32.1° S 32.5° S 35.9° S 35.1° S 37.5° S 32.7° S 33.6° S 33.2° S 32.2° S 1.4° S 0.7° N 3.8° S

48.7° W 48.1° W 49.9° W 50.8° W 52.9° W 54.0° W 159.6° W 161.5° W 164.7° W 120.8° W 123.6° W 15.5° E 86.6° W 87.2° W 152.8° E 56.8° E 54.9° E 56.7° E 15.9° W 15.4° W 14.5° W 15.1° W 17.6° W 17.2° W 18.1° W 18.6° W 17.2° W 17.8° W 16.0° W 14.8° W 14.6° W 14.2° W 19.3° W 15.1° W 14.4° W 17.7° W 14.9° W 98.1° E 100.5° E 99.4° E

5 6 5 6 3 4 46 33 15 78 35 1 39 11 21 57 10 10 88 17 25 10 38 11 9 11 7 7 5 13 9 9 12 8 7 9 12 93 28 24

23 39 39 38 38 38 33 33 33 35 35 78 91 123 103 98 98 98 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 111 64 64 82

Xenophanes Xenophanes A Xenophanes B Xenophanes C Xenophanes D Xenophanes E Xenophanes F Xenophanes G Xenophanes K Xenophanes L Xenophanes M Xenophon

57.5° N 60.1° N 59.4° N 59.6° N 58.6° N 58.1° N 56.7° N 56.9° N 58.7° N 54.8° N 54.8° N 22.8° S

82.0° W 84.8° W 80.5° W 78.7° W 77.4° W 85.8° W 73.2° W 75.7° W 84.5° W 78.6° W 79.6° W 122.1° E

125 42 15 8 12 12 24 7 13 21 9 25

21 21 21 10 10 21 10 10 21 10 10 101

Yablochkov Yablochkov U Yakovkin Yamamoto Yamamoto W Yangel’ (Manilius F) Yerkes Yerkes E Yoshi Young Young A Young B Young C Young D Young F Young R Young S

60.9° N 61.9° N 54.5° S 58.1° N 62.6° N 17.0° N

128.3° E 120.8° E 78.8° W 160.9° E 155.5° E 4.7° E

99 30 37 76 50 8

16 16 124 18 17 41

14.6° N 15.9° N 24.6° N 41.5° S 41.1° S 40.9° S 41.5° S 43.5° S 44.8° S 42.4° S 43.3° S

51.7° E 50.6° E 11.0° E 50.9° E 51.2° E 50.6° E 48.2° E 51.8° E 51.8° E 55.4° E 53.9° E

36 10 1 71 13 7 30 46 23 9 11

62 62 42 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114

Zach Zach A Zach B Zach C Zach D Zach E Zach F Zach G

60.9° S 62.5° S 58.6° S 58.5° S 62.1° S 59.4° S 60.0° S 58.4° S

5.3° E 5.1° E 3.0° E 1.3° E 7.9° E 6.3° E 3.2° E 0.5° E

70 36 32 13 32 24 28 6

126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126

Zach H – Zwicky S

Feature Name Zach H Zach J Zach K Zach L Zach M Zagut Zagut A Zagut B Zagut C Zagut D Zagut E Zagut F Zagut H Zagut K Zagut L Zagut M Zagut N Zagut O Zagut P Zagut R Zagut S Zahringer (Taruntius E) Zanstra Zanstra A Zanstra K

Lat. 59.0° S 57.4° S 57.4° S 58.1° S 57.1° S 32.0° S 32.0° S 32.1° S 30.8° S 31.4° S 31.7° S 30.2° S 29.9° S 31.7° S 30.3° S 30.8° S 31.2° S 33.0° S 32.4° S 30.8° S 33.3° S 5.6° N

Long. 2.9° E 4.7° E 6.2° E 6.9° E 7.0° E 22.1° E 21.6° E 18.7° E 18.5° E 19.3° E 23.1° E 17.5° E 20.7° E 22.2° E 22.1° E 22.9° E 23.5° E 16.7° E 17.4° E 20.7° E 22.6° E 40.2° E

D 7 11 9 16 5 84 11 32 24 16 35 8 8 7 12 6 9 11 14 4 7 11

LAC 126 126 126 126 126 113 96 113 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 113 113 96 113 61

2.9° N 4.5° N 2.0° N

124.7° E 125.2° E 125.2° E

42 36 14

65 65 65

Zanstra M Zasyadko Zeeman Zeeman E Zeeman G Zeeman U Zeeman X Zeeman Y Zelinsky Zelinsky Y Zeno Zeno A Zeno B Zeno D Zeno E Zeno F Zeno G Zeno H Zeno J Zeno K Zeno P Zeno U Zeno V Zeno W Zeno X Zernike Zernike T

1.1° N 3.9° N 75.2° S 74.2° S 74.3° S 73.8° S 71.5° S 72.8° S 28.9° S 28.5° S 45.2° N 44.5° N 44.0° N 45.0° N 41.7° N 42.4° N 43.9° N 41.4° N 44.2° N 42.8° N 43.4° N 42.5° N 43.0° N 43.3° N 43.6° N 18.4° N 18.5° N

125.0° E 94.2° E 133.6° W 123.9° W 107.4° W 148.2° W 138.1° W 137.6° W 166.8° E 166.6° E 72.9° E 70.0° E 71.0° E 71.2° E 70.8° E 80.0° E 73.1° E 74.4° E 76.3° E 66.6° E 66.1° E 68.8° E 69.3° E 67.6° E 76.9° E 168.2° E 166.9° E

23 11 190 29 45 26 26 33 53 13 65 44 37 29 18 17 11 17 13 18 11 16 22 10 17 48 17

65 64 142 143 143 142 142 142 103 103 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 49 49

Zernike W Zernike Z Zhiritsky Zhiritsky F Zhiritsky Z Zhukovsky Zhukovsky Q Zhukovsky T Zhukovsky U Zhukovsky W Zhukovsky X Zhukovsky Z Zinner (Schiaparelli B) Zollner Zollner A Zollner D Zollner E Zollner F Zollner G Zollner H Zollner J Zollner K Zsigmondy Zsigmondy A Zsigmondy S Zsigmondy Z

19.6° N 20.9° N 24.8° S 24.9° S 23.2° S 7.8° N 6.2° N 7.9° N 8.5° N 9.8° N 10.5° N 10.0° N 26.6° N

166.8° E 168.0° E 120.3° E 121.6° E 120.4° E 167.0° W 168.8° W 172.3° W 173.2° W 170.3° W 171.1° W 166.8° W 58.8° W

27 30 35 75 22 81 23 23 29 31 30 34 4

49 49 101 101 101 69 69 68 68 68 68 69 38

8.0° S 7.1° S 8.3° S 8.9° S 7.5° S 7.3° S 7.1° S 6.2° S 6.5° S 59.7° N 62.8° N 59.7° N 62.1° N

18.9° E 21.5° E 17.7° E 18.3° E 21.9° E 20.8° E 19.2° E 20.7° E 20.8° E 104.7° W 102.6° W 106.7° W 104.9° W

47 7 24 6 25 10 8 11 7 65 63 64 23

78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 21 21 21 21

Zucchius Zucchius A Zucchius B Zucchius C Zucchius D Zucchius E Zucchius F Zucchius G Zucchius H Zucchius K Zupus Zupus A Zupus B Zupus C Zupus D Zupus F Zupus K Zupus S Zupus V Zupus X Zupus Y Zupus Z Zwicky Zwicky N Zwicky R Zwicky S

61.4° S 61.8° S 61.8° S 60.8° S 61.4° S 61.3° S 60.1° S 60.5° S 61.0° S 64.3° S 17.2° S 17.2° S 17.6° S 17.3° S 19.7° S 17.3° S 15.7° S 17.0° S 18.2° S 18.9° S 17.4° S 18.2° S 15.4° S 16.1° S 18.3° S 16.3° S

50.3° W 56.0° W 54.3° W 45.2° W 58.7° W 60.6° W 56.5° W 57.2° W 59.7° W 58.0° W 52.3° W 53.5° W 54.3° W 55.1° W 53.4° W 54.0° W 52.1° W 51.3° W 56.3° W 54.9° W 49.6° W 50.1° W 168.1° E 167.4° E 163.4° E 162.6° E

317

64 28 25 22 26 21 8 25 14 10 38 6 6 19 17 4 17 24 4 5 2 3 150 30 28 44

124 124 124 124 124 124 124 124 124 124 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 103 103 103 103