Table of contents : Cover THE CALIPH AND THE IMAM: The Making of Sunnism and Shiism Dedication Acknowledgements Contents List of Plates List of Maps Note on Spelling and Transliterations Prologue: From Karbala to Damascus PART I: The Formation of Sunnism and Shiism, 632–1500 1: After the Prophet 2: Sunni Reassertion and the Crusades 3: Polemics and Confessional Ambiguity PART II: The Shaping of Muslim Empires, 1500–1800 4: The Age of Confessionalisation 5: Muslim Dynasties on the Indian Subcontinent 6: Reform and Reinvention in the Eighteenth Century PART III: Empire and the State, 1800–1979 7: British India and Orientalism 8: Ottoman Reorganisation and European Intervention 9: The Mandates 10: The Muslim Response PART IV: Revolution and Rivalry, 1979– 11: The Religion of Martyrdom 12: Export and Containment of Revolution 13: Regime Change 14: The Arab Uprisings Conclusion: Every Place is Karbala Endnotes Prologue Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Conclusion Bibliography Interviews Journals Websites Unpublished PhDs Unpublished Masters Reports Bibliography Entries Encyclopedia Entries Books and Articles News Sources Think Tank Publications Index