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The Battle of the Books
The frontispiece to Swift's Battle of the Books (1710), reproduced by permission of Cornell University Libraries
Joseph M. Levine
THE BATTLE OF THE BOOKS History and Literature in the Augustan Age
Cornell University Press ITHACA AND LONDON
PUBLICATION OF THIS BOOK WAS ASSISTED BY A GRANT FROM THE PUBLICATIONS PROGRAM OF THE NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES, AN INDEPENDENT FEDERAL AGENCY.
Copyright© 1991 by Cornell University All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850. First published 1991 by Cornell University Press. First printing, Cornell Paperbacks, 1994.
International Standard Book Number o-8014-2537-9 (cloth) International Standard Book Number o-8014-8199-6 (paper) Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 9Q-55735 Printed in the United States of America Librarians: Library of Con~ress catalo.~in.~ information appears on the last pa.~e of the book.
§ The paper in this book meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information SciencesPermanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
FOR
Ollie A. Learnard
Contents
Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction
XI Xlll I
PART ONE. LITERATURE Wotton vs. Temple
13
(I) Temple's career; (2) Temple's Essay; (3) Burnet's Sacred Theory
and Fontenelle's Digression; (4) Temple's reply; (5) Preliminary skirmishes and Wotton's Reflections; (6) Temple vs. Wotton: The argument over history; (7) Wotton vs. Temple: The argument over philology 2
Bentley vs. Christ Church
47
(I) Bentley vs. Joshua Barnes; (2) Bentley and Wotton; (3) The
Christ Church wits; (4) Boyle against Bentley; (5) Wits and learned men; (6) Bentley replies: The Dissertations on the Epistles of Phalaris; (7) Bentley's argument continued; the first exchange ends in a draw
3
Stroke and Counterstroke (I) Philosophers look on: Locke and Leibniz; (2) Chronologists join the fray: William Lloyd and (3) Henry Dodwell; (4) William King joins the wits; (5) Christ Church strikes back; (6) Swift's Tale of a Tub and (7) Battle of the Books
4
The Querelle
121
(I) A lull in the battle; (2) Charles Perrault and the quarrel over
Homer; (3) Boileau leads the defense of antiquity; (4) Satire: Fran