Syriac Reading Lessons (Multilingual Edition) 9781611433531, 1611433533

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Syriac Reading Lessons

Gorgias Historical Grammars

28

Gorgias Historical Grammars is a series intended to revive many of the classic grammars of ancient languages. These essential tools are becoming increasingly scarce, and yet they preserve many unparalleled insights into the languages they serve. Gorgias Press is pleased to bring them back into circulation.

Syriac Reading Lessons

Consisting of Extracts from the Peschito Version of the Old and New Testaments and the Crusade of Richard I from the Chronicle of Bar Hebraeus

Benjamin Davidson

% « gorgtas press

2011

Gorgias Press LLC, 954 River Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA www.gorgiaspress.com Copyright © 2011 by Gorgias Press LLC Originally published in 1906 All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise without the prior written permission of Gorgias Press LLC.

2011

%

ISBN 978-1-61143-353-1

ISSN 1935-3162 Reprinted from the 1906 London edition.

Printed in the United States of America

P R E F A C E .

TIIE

present Work forms one of a series of " Reading

Lessons," of which the Hebrew and the Chaldee have already appeared.

It is proposed to extend the series to

other Oriental Languages of principal utility. The plan of these works is simple, but, it is hoped, complete.

They consist of copious extracts from the

language, which are grammatically analysed word by word, and an exact translation into English of the whole. To the present Work, the prefixed Syriac Grammar is more than usually extensive, on account of the scarcity of grammars in the Syriac language.

1 5 , PATERNOSTER

ROW.

ELEMENTS OF SYRIAC GRAMMAR. 1. T H E

ALPHABET. 1'OWEltS.

BYBIAC. 1 Separate.

2 Joined.

NAMES.

Hebrew.

NUM.

English.

VALUE.

Finii.

11

1

Wy •

0

OIOIA OOQ

1

IVO

Ol

iM.

Ai

4

Jk Y D

a.

a m j j

4M ii > 1

1

!>0

V

tQO

IO J

XISALO

CD

•fflfftpp

M .NNO

•

»

I

N n

Gomal Dolath He Vau Zain Cheth Teth Yud Coph

I

Lomad Mim Nun Semkath Ee Pe Tsode

£>

S JD a j

Olaph Beth

V A4T

ltd

Kuph Rish Shin Than

n

n 1

T n Ö

1

•

•

b,bh(v) d h

Ö Ì

3

D

V

S) S

2 3 4

kh t

5 6 7 8 9

y i n yet

10

C or k

20

v or w

z

1

•

1

m n s

.. p, ph

30 40 50 60 70 80

¥

ts

p

k

90 100

r sh t, th

200 300 400

w

n

ii

ALPHABET.

The Table, as given here, exhibits a striking similarity between the Syriae and Hebrew alphabets, with respect to order of succession and names and powers of the letters. The Syriac, however, differs first in the greater number of final letters, and secondly in the connecting of the letters belonging to one word. The learner has therefore to observe that— 1. Nine of the final letters differ from the ordinary ones only in a slight additional stroke, or hook, at the e n d ; but the remaining^-*? assume a different form. 2. Each letter may (whenever the position will allow it) be joined either to the preceding letter only, or to both the preceding and following. W e thus obtain two classes of letters, distinguished likewise by another peculiarity, that those of the former have no finals ; those of the latter have. The column, No. 2, of the alphabet exhibits every possible position and manner of connecting of each letter. Those of the first class need be repeated but twice, those of the second, with their finals, three times. 3. One letter is joined to another by a small horizontal line drawn from its extremity, with the exception of four, viz., .¿, and ¿ , which assume another form when joined to a preceding letter. NOTE. —

I t is advisable t h a t t h e learner copy t h e a l p h a b e t

times, especially t h e column, No. 2.

a

few

In doing so, or in w r i t i n g

any Syriac word, he has t o form merely t h e t o p s of as m a n y letters as are joined on both sides, and t h e n t o c o n n e c t t h e m by a horizontal

line drawn f r o m t h e last t o t h e first.

T h u s , in

f o r m i n g t h e Heths in succession, let h i m write t h e t h r e e t o p s first,, ,

and then t h e line u n d e r n e a t h f r o m left to right, and

lie will obtain o n e initial, one medial, a n d

final B e t h .

The following compound letters are frequently used:

one

VOWELS. ]],

(final), and

iii

which stand for 1 1 ,

H , and ]

the last when a word terminates with Lomad final, and the next begins with Olaph. 2.

VOWELS.

There are two sets of vowels.

One is the invention of

Jacob, bishop of Edessa, in the seventh century, consisting of points placcd in various positions ; the other is the invention of the famous scholar Theophilus, of Edessa, in the eighth century, consisting of the Greek vowels in a reversed direction.

In modern impressions the latter set is used ex-

clusively ; in older, e. g. the London Polyglot and Gutbir's New Testament, both are used indiscriminately. W e have followed the latter mode in some of our pages, as a practice for the learner. Greek.

Syriac.

7 fcO

Pethocho

fcO

Revotso

• or

a read ah e

„ a y

•n

JD X

Chevotso

i

,,

ee

•

i

g.

1

t*.

è

á

'ï

co Vi

1

• 7,

%

i)

6

^ g

B

5

B

>-i -rj 1

*o

c Ci

PU 'A

CO

a W

Ò Bi i e

X

Ph fn & m

c

co öi

i

•f

P3

>

w Cu

P Pi W !>

¿3

ci

s

6i i

co

^

cO.N\ >OTCD, ^ ; thus F7 P 'H 1\ ..VnXv etc. FEMININE

WITH

SUFFIXES.

1. The suffixes are added to the fem. noun in the constr. state. 2.

retains

7

in its place, except before the suff. «i,

thus AjkLym my daughter.

14.

VERBS.

The Syriac verb possesses most of the characteristics of the Hebrew verb. The roots are chiefly triliteral; there is one simple conjugation corresponding to Kal, and the rest are derived conjugations ; there are but two tenses, viz. preterite and future, in which the third pers. sing. m. is the leading form. They are :

R E G U L A R VERB.

XIV

Passivo.

Active.

1. Peal

V^uO

Ethpeel

V^&oZI

2. Paci

V^&Q

Ethpaal

V^JDZÌ

3. Aphcl

T»

Vs&of

f-

Ti

Ethtaplial

T»

Ti

Eshtaphal

4. S h a p h c l ^ & Q *

The simplest form of these is Peal, answering to the Heb. Kal : the rest arc derived conjugations. Ethpeel is the passive of Peal. Paci is equivalent to Pici of the Hebrew ; Aphcl and Shaphcl to Hiphil, each having an appropriate passive. 15. R E G U L A R 1.

CONJ.

VERB.

PEAL.

Preterite.

Future.

3 m. sing.

^Q&QJ

.3 fcm.

Al&o V

2 masc.

ti^n

2 fem.

aZ

r*

I

1 com. 7\

Ti

3 m. pi.

aVftn

o

3 fcm.

.» V&Q

a

2 masc.

VsWl

1 com.

Tv

^ol&QJ

.cA&oZ T*

V° V

V

2 fcm.

vl

^à&DZ

Z

tiAl^O

a^O&JDZ

-7>

v° V

T»

^a&nj

R E G U L A R VERB.

xv

Imperative.

Infinitive.

v^nso

2 masc. 2 fem.

a

2 m. pi.

qIQ^JO

Participle.

Act.

0 ts

2 fem.

r1

Pass. y

This paradigm shows that the 3 pcrs. sing. m. V ^ Q , or the root, is the leading form of the preterite,

Ti

of the

future. The characteristic vowel of each is retained throughout the inflexion, except before those afformatives which have a union vowel. The effect of this vowel is this, that taking the 3rd radical to itself, the 2nd loses its vowel; so that, in the pret., the 1st and 2nd require an additional vowel, 7 , by which they arc formed into one syllable (comp. sect. 4, 8). The imperative differs in this respect. The preformative letters of the future have properly no vowel of their own; but on account of their position, before another vowelless letter, they take (see above), and the syllable thus obtained remains unchangeable. 2.

DERIVED

CONJUGATIONS.

It is to be remarked in general, that (1) the afformatives and prcformatives, in these conjugations, are the same as those of Peal. (2) The last vowel only of the leading form may be affcctcd by the accession of the afformatives. (3) The 3 pers. sing. m. is the ground form throughout each conjugation. 1. Preterite.—The ground forms, or leading forms, are given sect. 14. The learner may then form his own para-

xvi

REGULAR

VERB.

digms of all the preterites by adding the afformatives as given above in Peal.

In doing this, he has to omit Ihe last v o w e l

of the leading form wherever the aiformative has a union vowel.

In Ethpeel, w here I f is unchangeable (compare sect.

1 1 , 2 e.), there remains but one vowel in the root,

;

when this vowel is dropped on account of the accession of ihe union vowel, the first radical takes willi the second. AL^oZl;

7

to form a syllable

H e n c e , e. g, 3 fem. t S ^ o L ] , but 2 masc.

Pael 3 fem. A l & O , but 2 m. A l & O

Nom—From

(from^O).

w h a t has been said, it will result that t h e 3 f e m . o f

Ethpeel and Ethpaal assume one and the same f o r m .

2.

futures are formed from their respective

Future.—The

ground forms of the preterite ( 1 ) by adding the afformatives in the manner described above. require no v o w e l t\

in Pael 7

without it, as T
7 me, «j(J1 » \ . t

him, P a . imp. < a 1 \ ^ .

2. I n forms ending in

x,

(a) the vowel

T

is dropped, and

Yud, which becomes movable, connects itself with the suif. No. 1, in P a d and A p h . pret. 3 m. sing, (seldom in Peal). •x y e 7 except, before the suif. fQ-D, : e. g. P a d » j u I j l ^ - . , A p h . -X . A _ ^ V • »7 a.1 »

; b u t ^O*")

ft

etc.

(A)

remains and is attached

to the sufF. N o . 2, in P e a l imp. 2 m. sing., and in the forms mentioned uncover me.under (a) before the suif. ^CLO, ^ a *"): e. g. 1 * 3. Of all the preterites, the 3 fem., 1 com., and 2 m. sing, remain u n c h a n g e d ; the two first are attached to sufF. No. 1, 7

0

0

the last with those of No. 3. «xjA^.« she A ^7 I thee ; b u t c i J A j l J ^ . « thou inc. 7

^

me, -X

T

7

4. F o r m s ending with Vau change O into o ] — , and CLa •X

*

into Q_&, and take the suif. N o . 2.

Such are, 3 m . pi. of all

the •Xpreterites, and 2 masc. plur. of all the i m p e r a t i v e s : e, g. 7 aCflOjL. is either 3 pi. pret. or 2 pi. imp. of P e a l (compare VX -X. 7 «7 Mat. ii. 10 and H e b . iii. 1 ) ; u J O j J ^ . from P a . pret. 1 •X c ^ »7 ' 7

Forms, however, like ^ J O Q A , . from the more common.

pret. and imp. are

sxx

VERBS W I T H SUFFIXES.

f). .Forms in ] „ change this termination in the "iff. No. 2,

and take

They arc, 3 m., 2 m. and f., 1 com. sing, of

all the futures : c. g. Peal .> 1 > ^y^ 3

uncover me. P %0 0 6. The fem. forms of the imp. change «-* into «_» or w»| ,

which hccomes attached to sufF. No. 2; e. g. Peal \ i , with. 0 0 suff. . - » , 1 » « > 1 The pi. remains everywhere unchangeable (though sometimes defective, compare Luke xxiii. 30), and takes the suff. No. 3, except in Peal, where it 00 •• P Q is changed into %ji , as . > 1 > uncover me, - . m , . ep

,

••

•

p

him, etc. •X

(he suff.

f.

ip is

changed into

but before

Olaph is rejected, but * remains: e. g.

.11»^v^P; ^ l i X ^ V » , . » n . S ^ O , etc. ; but

N U M E R A L S .

25.

NUMERALS.

N u m e r a l s arc either cardinal or I.

xxxi

T h e n u m e r a l s f r o m 1 to 10

ordinal. are—

CARDINAL. Masculine.

Femininp.

u

7

•r "

one.

•

^ ¿ y 1

Masculine.

Feminine.

77 •J 0o.P t!> UlDrO •

V. 00 77 (AjLiDfXD«

first.

1A¿AL

second.

UI52

two.

TN

0 0

1MZ 0

ORDINAL.

X

AÜZ

y

7

tail

0

0

0

0

three. x

I

third.

7

^ i a j ]

1 "

.

f-»S»Q?

four.

1*

'

IZUAoJD)

X

fourth.

X

7

ILeaIOaj

five.

]LujLLSOM

x

A»

12-1 «0

X

PiZuAa

six.

f Z u L A « sixth.

X

7

jso»

1 " 0 I-»S»

seven.

X

0

OJ

seventh.

x

X

1 1 1 » W

eight.

eighth.

x

I W

X

nine.

ninth. x

7

*rr>v

1-QDl

ten.

x

M'rjjcai

(¿U^mS

tenth.

2. The numerals from simple n u m b e r s ord. m . \ f.

and ^QQl;

e. g . , m .

( a ' r i L £ a L r M , f. ( ^ ¡ » m S p M >

»

lixmZiZ,

V ^daAXZ, 7

12;

Constr.

m.

f.

;rr>y7»t

f. w

«"

liJCLlAlZ,

¿ ¿

n

card. m.

eleventh; 7

f.

7 13 ; t

Or,

;

.

^IlljZ, 7 5or

j ^ f .

xxj;

NUMERALS.

--

r

v

y

J C Q l A o j | , f. I ' r S Q ^ A o j ] 1 I ; the j n o s c . f o r m s o f (lie n u m b e r s ? o, i n , 1 7 , 18, 1 9 arc ^ o x a S o ^ . . "rXniA.s-. r f r o m

jrOUicZ,

which llic feminine forms a n d the ordinals of

b o t h (renders arc d e r i v e d ,

a c c o r d i n g to the a n a l o g y 7

given

7

7

.¡hove ; hut the f o l l o w i n g f o r m s are also i n u s e : J£QlAffiiD.K», -

„

y

y

p

7

7

p

v

y

p

- ¿ m A m » . ; m i A j ^ D Z , •r£OiA»Z. .3. T h e n u m b e r s f r o m 2 0 to 9 0 a r e — 20, , _ _ » A r , o , ^ l t j ? )

^ « m T

X

T»

70,.

¡o, ^ . m S Q ^ r>o, ^ A a

1

u ^ n Z 80,

T

X

9 0 , a n d are o f the

go.

common

•nder T i i c o r d i n a l s a r c d e r i v e d f r o m these b y a d d i n g |_a for t h e masc. and (A.*

for t h e f e m . ; as m.

f. J A a I j i J S X ! ^ , t:

"ft

X

-r»

t w e n t i e t h .

4. T h e r e m a i n i n g n u m e r a l s a r e — ] } s b 1 0 0 , _ » Z L d ( d u a l ) 200,*' I J S c A S Z 3 0 0 , etc. ;

adding,

as in the last, f o r m , t h e s i m p l e fem. f o r m b e f o r e is e x p r e s s e d b y

s a n d

fem.

T h o u -

pi.

;

10.000 by Q ^ j , p i . . a j D ? . 7 1 Tl

i). !

O

\

-ft

. 7 n c e , t w••• i c e , etc., a r e s s e d wb iyt h o u t it. as ^_iZ>Z ; 1 jsit s o m e t iemx epsr ealso y

(>- M u l t i p l e s a r e e x p r e s s e d b y « S J ,

7 «!> ^

s e v e n f o l d ,

a s

before the n u m e r a l w i t h ^

d o t / h i e .

i. T h e n u m e r a l r e p e a t e d is u s e d d i s t r i b u t i v e ! ) ' , as ^ • f ! '

J

> ;

, _ j j Z

71

j — i ^ Z

TV

( > r o

e n d

* The- pi.

t i r o , on

y

e t c .

signifies

r r n f u r i i ' s .

,«m

ADVERBS.

20.

xxxiii

ADVERBS.

The characteristic termination of the A d v e r b is A * ) - added x

to the emphatic form of the adjective; e. g. A_»]juD> purely, x

from

emph. of

is

pure.

But most adverbs are without this termination.

T h e y are

chiefly— 1. Adverbs of comparison and degree. r

pv

v

q how?

*

I

-X

»

7

(M? .

only, 2. Adverbs of 0

o 7p

a

also, ] 1 DPI

so, thus,

very.

y

>>Lo especially,

more.

time.

7

v 0 7 tog ether, when ? ^LoZ] yesterday, "jZjjjJD in f> i\ -n , I 0 0 1" ° afterwards, then, |s01 now, jlSOQ-» the end, ^pjAo 7

to-day,

already, i>Or_OQ_^ o

before, ], m.^O rti once, imme-

'

*

diately, ^mId to-morrow,

7* * /»ozrfori// ' ? ^•OlL 3. Adverbs of place.

0

0

0

7

0 here. ]n!sO r,

hitherto. •1. Adverbs of l i ' v i L , Q i D or

_k>Z

7

i>O0Ak3 rtf rmy /¡me, ^VaD^

yet,

0 7 Is-a] where ?

71

)3 not

]lD * rli 0 7

hence,

T,

y

"

there.

interrogation. whryr '-v '

0/ llO^ •

whither

xxxiv

PREPOSITIONS.

5. Adverbs of negation, and various others. O V P t> 7 7 U, a-1 not, ]oi |3 not? —tic] truly, VO^ P 7

t X ' • » "X in ram, Ol^D VJD,

27.

1

t> f7 \ entirely.

really, |o_»| i i'

PIlEPOSITIONS.

The Prepositions are either prefixes, as .JO in, \

to (the

only ones of this kind), or they are separate words.

The

latter are — to, ivith, ^So from,

upon, against, cm account of,

^Ol teiVA, ^OpO* JiDjOr) before, .il.Q or -2 ? 7-x ¿12,* |J> without, jA£Q2, a/ter, AOOJ, •" wsfcfff/ (/,

between, 0 for,

J"

7-X

or pi.

row?// «¿o?^, W o

tz^a/ws/, opposite,•X^¿Q*

o/, Zo_2) nv>«r, n

m/wwii, fy, «ear, ¿ O m 2 or

under.

commonly in use.

on

\ -?l

These are most

Observe —

L The prefix propositions lake

7

before a vowelless conso-

nant ; e. g. U-SDain in heaven ; except before f A a six, ^jlA® sixty, with prcf.

etc. T>

2. Before ] and

which cannot begin a syllable without

a vowel, the vowel is remitted to the preposition.

Compare

section 4, No. 4. ;5-

The prepositions fake the nominal suffix of section 12, after nn\ ^Ao

after m, romp. see!. 11, 2, and 13, 3.

CONJUNCTIONS.

xxxv

The prefix prepositions follow the same analogy, only that they must take the vowel C-

before the sufF. of the 1 c. sing. :

g. u . ^ to me, x

4. Those marked with an asterisk take suffixes of the p i . : e. g. u-LDr-O before me, ^aAi

upon thee ; but \u4-SO takes

before suffixes always the fcm. form 5. The form

is used only before the suffixes J ,

^OOl, and ^--»01: before the rest

is

used : e. g. ^ . X O O r A against us. us

28.

CONJUNCTIONS.

They are — 7 y -X ? P 9 P p 0 | or r-*}, 2O_D], "UCLDI as, P ] but, ^| ]]} if not, unless, T> fl

iO^i

but, yet,

for,

> as, because, ,-»> but, ]J> that not, lest,

order that, ^UlDOI therefore, X ' y

V

although, r'r^0,

therefore,

therefore, P V 0 7 that, IIjA ¿r/wr, > Ik)^

O and, p •

namely 5

or truly, J

when, >

_D ' when, because

INTERJKCTIONS. 29.

INTERJECTIONS.

They are — p

'X

o}. . o ] •x

r>

0/ p

'•'V ' O S 1

] c n hehokl,

/

-

x

v

O that!

o>C

r

SYRIAC READING

LESSONS.

PSALM

CX.

/oi \i«^ylo ^«jJojIj ¿ a i ri>a Z o V> power-his concerning-& Lord-tlio-of

«^o^l • x•

) (tlirone-t,he concerning ,David-Of

VERSE 1. a

Vda-vid,

pr. name with the pref. ^

Lomad of the a u t h o r ; lit. to David,

(to), the so called

belonging to, composed

by, David, and the word Psalm is to be supplied. b

Led, prep, upon, also concerning,

•^i—thee,

v»Qlo\s—him,

with sufF. . » \ s — m e ,

^OCTI >\s—them;

root I l k to

asccnd. c

mauth-beh,

suff. 01

subst. masc., «JDZQLO (from J^LA to sit) with

3 pers. sing, masc., b u t which is here pleonastic

or redundant, referring to the following genitive, by which, according to our idiom, it is regarded sufficiently defined. The like suffixes, prefixes, or words, which are unsuitable to be rendered into English, are marked thus ) ( , and the student is to refer to the analysis for f u r t h e r information. d

da-do-nay,

stead of

substantive in imitation of the H e b .

in-

with the pref. J of, to which the vowel of ^ is

remitted, which this letter must have had, had it begun the

2

C X . v. 1 . — P S A L

*oiimo

X

victory-hia-&

I

Messiah-the concerning propliecy-his-& m, q l »

>»^ A s

.15 word.

1]

I

glorious-the

^ ; n \ D") J

.aecuser-bis-over

Vrreet

T h a t this w o r d is a mere imitation of the H e b r e w is

evident f r o m O b e i n g quiescent in p , which is the case only in foreign w o r d s . '' v'!Lal, conj. O p r e f i x e d to (J1). f khai-leh,

subst. masc. [ ^ V j - m ] , cmph.

w i t h suif. 01 t

r e f e r r i n g to y

from

' . to praise,

praiseworthy-[be-sliall]

g tseh-yun, pr. name. h vnesh-ta-lat,

conj. O prefixed to verb Ethpael fat. 3 pcrs.

sing, masc., from

in Peal and Pael, to rule, hare

dominion; %Jt as a sibilant is transposed Avith L of tlie particle 2 ] or AJ. TN i b'Lel-d'vo-vaich,

ver. 1 ( w ) . VERSE

« 1 a-moch,

subst. masc. •a y ..

masc.; emph.

pi.

7 7

3.

£> with suff. y. 2 pers. sing. (with the line, called lima

occultans, to signify that the letter under which it stands is not to be pronounced), emph. from 2>QS£& obsol. •7 h m'shab-Jcho, prop. Pael part, pass., emph. of v**JQALO, 7 ' from

to praise, glorify,

used as an adj.; £3, as the

second rad. of Pael, though it is not to be doubled, as in the Heb. Piel, must at least be pronounced like b and not like v. Vyau-mo,

c

«¿2 prefixed to the subst. masc., emph. of

•X

SQGL» (with the accession ,x changes to 7 , by which the diphwith suff. GlSOQ^, »thong * " 7 an. is produced), P •• 7 fi 7 pi.

X

7 emph.

£ c c u and fALOCL» . d

cTlchai-lo, genit. > of.\ with subst. masc. emph., see ver.l (/).

c

Vhed-rai, prof. wO in, before subst. masc. pi. constr. from

JJOI, emph. p j C f l ; the verb in Pael signifies to decorate, ornament, to honour. •X 7 / kud-sho, subst. m., emph. of «JiOpQ, from *»fC)

to be holy.

r>

CX. r. 3 . — P S A L M . — C X . r. 4.

• '¿¿RL^JK

¿XLJ^A

• i, * ' .)( 1ic-»ol(t>n-liavo-I Son-tho then ) ( 'L^DOD

mar-b'Lo,

oki-of

-ID

-r, from

I'LIS-^

71 ,womb-tiie from

«JD^J •

thou-that

•

,lio-sliall

-SO

"I-SQ-* 4

not-& Lord-tho

X

sworn-Hath

subst. masc., empli. of ^l^jlb, from M S ? to

he, he down, also concubuif, coivit. h

It dim, prop. Peal part. pass, that which is before,

with

t^O (rarely of place) but frequently of time, from before, of _ 7 old, from, the beginning; root ^OpO to come before, to prevent, preccde. 1 loch, comp. ver. 2 ( f ) , is here the prep, with which V , * T •H

the next word hut one, is construed, contrary to our idiom, and is therefore not translated. k

tal-yo, subst. masc., emph. of

child, little boy, or son,

from I U recens fuit. 1

i-lcd-thoch, verb Peal pret. 1 pers. sing., with suff. (2 pers.

sing, masc.) pleonastic, from ^

X

to beget, for

as already expressed in yUL (see *'), because Yod, like ] (comp. ver. 1 »),

*

must not begin a word without a vowel, which usually is but so that Yod is not sounded in the pronunciation. VERSE

4.

" i-mo, verb Peal pret. 3 pers. sing, masc., comp. ver. 3 ('), a doubly anomalous verb flit.

and ]], 1 pers. AxSfil, inf.

A])h. a l b o V -

r'lo, adv. with conj. O. r neha-dev, verb Pael fut. 3 pers. sing, masc., not used in Peal. h

d

da-tu, conj. 5 {that), has

7

remitted from ") of the follow-

C X . r. ! . — P S A L M . — C X . v. 5. Vjyi

*. * vO>] » n V n > Lord-The

at

\ f| n N V> -n .kings-the

i/CnLoZ&Jz

7 •/^ClSiX

.Meichizptlok-of likeness-the-in ever-for -x. ,^ . o y y y* o y «oiktOjj ''PDCL^ «^OZ • »Vi. i* \i x wrath-his-of day-the-in breaketh hand-right-thy

ing pers. pron. A j ] (fcm. u A j ] , pi. masc. . o A j " ) , fcm. ^ - » ¿ M ) , in which ^ is not pronounced, being marked with the linen occultans, and 2 forms one syllable with O of the following •X

pron. (prop. 3 pers. sing, masc.) OCT1 in which 01, having the same line, is elided, to indicate that this pron. performs the office of the logical copula.

% 0 P -X

7

« cum-ro, subst. masc. sing., cmph. f ^ D Q D , from ^ D D to be sad, mournful. subst. masc.y (comp. H e b . B^W) with pref.

f I'Lo-lam,

pref.

o bad-mu-theh,

(in),

receives the v o w e l

r

because

it precedes another vowelless letter, •x • *x o t\ the initial of a subst. fem. sing. (Q&OJ, constr. Z o L o > , pi. ^QlDj, demvon) with the pleonastic suff. h

referring to the genit. following, comp. ver. 1 ( c ) .

d'mel-Jciz-dek,

pr. name, with the pref. 5, sign of the

genitive. VEKSE 5. " mor-yo, ver. 1 ("). h

ya-mi-noch,

c

ta-bar,

comp. ver. 1 ( f ) .

verb Pael, 3 pers. sing, masc., comp. ver. 2 ( c ) ,

and ver. 3 ( f t ). d

b'yau-mo, ver. 3 (").

e

d'nig-zeh,

pref. > of the genit. before subst. masc.,

(comp. ver. 3 / ) with suff. CTl^, from Vy^J to tremble, to be angry, f mal-ke, subst. masc. pi. cmph. from

(errmh. T n V n ) .

•

8

CX. r. 0 . — P S A L M . — C X . v. 7.

^QffiSUO

c U-iOLJO

V) V)

"«Oj_J 6

ofT-cut-shall-ho•& ;bodips-dead-[with]fill-shall-he-&,nalions-tlie) ( judge-shall-Ho

way-tho-in •

brook-tlio

of-Atid

.oarth-the-in

Ti X .head-bis

O^OJSLLJI x -n np-lifted-be-shall VERSE

f\jcn this

many-of

head-(ho

T\ t\ Ti of-beeauso ,drmk-8hall-ho

6.

" ?idvn, verb Peal fut. 3 pers. sing, from

pret.

h

I'La-me, ver. o (').

c

vnem-le, verb Peal fut. 3 pers. sing. masc. from llSO.

fl

sh'la-de, subst. fem. pi. emph., sing. "iyXs.

e

v'neph-suk, verb Peal fut. 3 pers. sing. masc. from

02).

/ ri-sho, subst. masc. sing., emph. of «JL»}. x

9 (Tsa-ghi-ye, pref. > genit. before adj. pi. emph. masc., for 111.»tY> (the vowel „ remitted from ] to a ) from } » , abs.

pi.

o f T ) ; fem. sing. H*..C0, constr. Z] i.«OT), emph.

l Z l i ^ T O , from "j^XD or j l - ^ D to increase,' to be or become much or many.

«S

^

bar-Lo, pref. JD to which

y

%P

is remitted from f of

and subst. fem. sing., emph. of ^j"), with suff. OIIjV, pi. emph. I ^ i ) . VERSE a

r'men, conj. O and

h

nalch-lo, subst. masc. emph.

r

bur-hho, pref.

7.

ver. 1 (•*).

(o which ,x is remitted from ] of

subst, fem., emph. of .-m>C>1, pi. emph. Ileb. to go or he on the wen/.

jc/j,

from «jJ)*)7,

v. 1 . — P R O V E R B S . — v . d

nesh-te,

'' rritul,

1.

9

verb Peal fut. 3 pers. sing. masc. from

adv., w i t h suff.

fflAST^Vn

on

.

his account,

on my account.

f ho-no,

pron. d e m o n s t . mase., pi.

9 neth-trim,

Ethpeel

fut.

3

sing.

masc.

from

^00),

t pret. X » , ll

• to rise, be lifted up. ri-sheh, s n b s t . m a s c . w i t h

pcrs.

0 * .CÜG1.

suff. en,,, see ver. 6

(/).

PROVERBS,

p .o]lao* ^

.27 - / A j f / ^ thou

T» Chapter

c ] 1 d q H

knowest

for

«ITl

not ; morrow-the-of day-the-for

tliyself-boast

not-[Do]

VERSE 1. ne-phu-lc-on G r e e k , Kc^aX?/, a a h

lo, a d v . tesh-tav-har, 7. y,

verb . 7 , )OlO/\*t, Shaphel , 7

7

Eshtaphal

7

chapter.

fat.

2

pers.

masc.,

pret.

to make to shine, to praise, glorify,

to be bright, to shine, c o m p . H e b . " V ' n i l . '' l'yau-mo, p r e f . ^ , c o m p . P s a l m v e r . 3 d dam-l-hor, s u b s t . m a s c . w i t h p r e f . J g e n i t . w h i c h

f r o m JCTIO

before a vowelless e

gheir,

7

letter.

c o n j . , f r o m tlie G r .

f y o - d a P e a l

has

yap.

-r> 0 j)art. a c t , s i n g . m a s c . ( f o r ^Jijj, „ c h a n g e d

to

in

r . 1.— P R O V E R B S . - r .

. "«¿02)

' jib

2 • ', \ » iV) * * -7» noi.-& ,stranger-i-hG tiiee-praisc-Lot .forth-bringeth-[it j what

: mouth-thy •n ^('¡Klifv-it

3.

/'tpQJ

i ,stone-tho

* [iaJ-Heavy

.. before tlic guttural

.lips-tliy

lit. knowing

7i

1

not-& 7I

(from

,anotior-&

to Jcnoiv),

*

f o r m i n g the present tense, 2 pers. masc., with the f o l l o w ing pronoun. !' at, P s a l m vcr. 4 ('*). h

mo-no,

' yo-lcd, tense, f r o m

pron. interrog. of the thing. P e a l part. act. sing, masc., used for the present * -n 1 V E R S E 2.

"

nshab-hhoch,

verb P a e l

fut;. 3 pers. s i n g . ' m a s c . ,

see

o -x emph. of a J S Q J , emph.

fem.

P s a l m vcr. 3 ( » ) , w i t h suff. y ! . nueh-ro-yo, adj. « 0 0 •>. 7 ( ¿ U p C J , from

masc.,

I l e b . P i e l to estrange.

r

v'lo, conj. O and adv.

d

pu-moch,

subst. masc. i>0(l£D, w i t h suff. yx . 7

to

eomp. Psalm vcr. 3 ( 7 i ). y

subst. masc. emph. from ^JL^

t ' n o - n o ,

h

S

70

t o

also

e n v y ,

t o

b e

j e a l o u s .

VERSE 5. "

t o - v o i ,

the two words marked ( " ) arc pronounced as one,

comp. vcr. 4 ( « ) ; tlie first is adj. fem. from » n ^ m a s c . , in the comparative degree,

b e t t e r ,

in connection with ^ L o , the

fourth word from this, comp. vcr. 3 (.?). y l>

m a < : h - s o - n u - t h o ,

Ethpeel

t o

root m e n .

d

pref. relative > with Peal part, pass. fem. from t o

u n c o v e r ,

r e v e a l ,

m a n i f e s t .

see ( " ) .

r o h h - m u - t h o ,

f

subst. fem. emph. from «TDmS, .Pnn i n

r e b u k e .

d ' g a l - y o ,

c

y

d a m - t a s h - y a ,

subst. fem. emph., from

t o

prof, relative J with the vowel

l o v e .

7

before a

vowelless letter, initial of Pael part, pass., fem. of uJfc^LO from

t o

he

h i d ,

and trans,

t o

h i d e .

i

r. G . — P R O V E R B S . — v . 7. • *

.enemy-the-of

, p V /•pBSUO

V,

) (kisscs-thc

Va " " 7

-F,

than

^ p o (-«—»?

friend-tlie-of

13

)( stripes-the

» p v *t>7 • 6] S n fD> o(_«L2U 7

soul-the-but ,oomb-honoy-tho upon-tramples satiatcd-[is]-t,hat VERSE

7 a sha-pi-ron,

soul-The

6.

7 7 adj. fem., pi. of V » T , from ¡ j ^ » masc. 7

x

x

beautiful, fair, good, from ¡£1» to he fair. The adj. is here in the comparative degree, better, in connection ^Lo, the third word from this, comp. ver. 5 ("). i makh-vo-the, subst. fem., pi. of ](").»»V) (emph. ^¿QniO from | » V ) to smite, strike) with sufF. Ol , his, pleonastic, referring to the following genitive. c d'rokh-mo, pref. > of the genitive to Peal part. act. sing, masc., emph. of ^Qm), from ¿>CU*> to love. d

men, see ver. 3 ( f ) .

e

nush-ko-theh,

subst. fem. (")Ad»OJ, emph. "|Aq»OJ.

V

from . f i l l ) with sufF. 0 1 , his, pleonastic referring to the following genitive. pref. > of the genit. with ,, before a vowel/ dav-Lel-d'vo-vo, less letter ; for the word itself see Psalm ver. 1 VERSE

7.

0 7 naph-sho, subst. fem., emph. of U&Z2J, pi. _a£D, emph. 7 \\ 0 " 7 . K from in Ethpeel to breathe. 7 h d'sav-Lo, adj., fem. of M.OCO masc., from ^SjQCD to be a

satiated, f u l l , with the relat. ) prefixed. doi-sho, Peal part, act,, fem. of «Vjy (read, do-yesh, } • °x t> being changed to «i, fr. *»0>, pret, *»}), agreeing Avith naphsho ; used for the present tense. c

r. 7 . ~ r

1 1

As «P

fi T* are-tliey » 7 7 i>

.it-to 7

M'r^^i

c ° l 7*

man-(bp

ia

IIOYE11 R S.—r.

i things-bitter o « p

sweet

" M-^oi

• ,7 cnLi_o

so

8.

even famishing-tho • y •p -n

«( »i • V>>

,nest-lier

transfers-that

subst. fem. ])1. emph. from

C(l-i-bor-yo-lho, be

s t r o n g , to

''

v'naph-sho, sec

f

c p h a n - t o ,

be

x

be

root

many.

(").

* 0

to

sparrow-tlie

.-«^n

?

to

'i-3^

7

adj. fem., emph. (l°)D, from

iD masc., verb

T.

*

h u n g r y ,

oph, conj. adj. fern. pi. emph., used for the neuter,

ma-ri-ro-tho,

h

sing. emph. .7 *

to be hhal-yon,

abs.

1

hitter.

adj. fem. pi. abs., sing.

(jirop. Real part, pass.) from k

from ^¿lO masc., root 1

1

O A M

from

to

be

masc.

sweet.

pers. pron. pi. fem., used for the logical copula

e-nein,

expressing the present tense, comp. Rsalm vcr. 4 ( d ). t

£>

' loh, pref. prep. ^ with suif. 01 , 3 pers. fem., referring t o nap

lis

ho.

VERSE '

h

a,ich,

particle.

fseph-ro,

7 7i

subst. fem., emph. of r ^ relative > with

dom-shan-yo,

and Raol jiart. sing., fem. of lit.

c h a n g i n g ,

second ,l

time, he-noh,

8.

to

r

before a vowelless letter, masc., comp. ver. 7 (»),

from (lA. according to the Heb., r e p e a t , to

change.

to

do

the

V

subst. masc. ^-O. with suif. OI , 3 pers. sing,

fern., referring to

tsephrn.

v. 8 . — P R O V E R B S . — v . 9. ftfeprnoo spiccs-&

«|jl*k)

j^Jiig

ointment

As

g^imòV)? *

''ooi

•

deligbtcth-who

ho

• ¿OlÀDOj .place-his

«liocfi

is

15 ^SO

f^]??

from removeth-who

*-

so

,beart-the )(

•

•

*

rejoice-which

*i> 7 o « ho-l (consti*. A o Ò j ) with suff. 01 VERSE

9. y

a

mesh-Mo,

subst. masc. emph. from - »> ^Kn f0

h

v'ves-me,

subst. masc. pi. emph., sing. emph.

anoin^

from ^ O f f l O to he agreeable, siueet. c

dam-kha-den,

relat. J with

7

before a vowelless letter,

prefixed to Paci part. act. masc., pi. of l ^ w i O , from f,_M to rejoice, he ¡/lad. d

l'le-ho, pref.

the proposition, to, with which the pre-

ceding verb is construed, while our idiom requires the accusative, and subst, masc. emph. (abs. id.), pi. fem. e

and pi.

, root obs. T\ ho-cJia-nau, see ver. 8 ( c ).

f man, pron. interrog. {who? which), used also without interrogation, and followed bv * for he who

Ifi

r.

fl.-PROVEliliS.-r.

)( frietid-thp-& friend-Tby U

./^o^f

not

f

10.

.soul-liis-of counsel-the-with neighbour-bis )(

A i n \o

.^uDQuQsZ

]]'

•

-ft

brother-tliy of-house-tli(»-to-& /orsako-slinlt-thou not

fatlier-thy-of

0 dam-ba-sem, pref. rclat. J (comp. the preceding) with before a vowelless letter, and Pael part. act. sing. masc. from ^ f l f f l O to be agreeable, sweet. h

Vkhav-reh,

pref. ^ {to), the preposition with which the

preceding verb is construed, comp. ( 1:L »7\. empii.

T\ Ts VERSE

21. •X

" khu-nun, verb P e a l imp. pi. masc., QJCLM, with suff. VJLJ. ?

7

f r o m ^JLK», passion

to he gracious,

merciful

to, to have più/,

com-

upon.

!> at-tii», with

da-lo-ho,

remitted from the next' |, pre-

7

fixed to subst. masc., emph. of a i S L , pi. emph.

?

verb Peal fut. 2 pers. pi. masc. with suff. 7,

«¿J , from

to

''

oph,

adv.

c

aich,

prep.

bear,

ver.

pursue,

also

to

persecute.

,l

a t - f u n ,

/

a-lo-ho,

Psalm ver. 4 ( d ) . ver. 21 (/)

'J h

and pref.

comp. Heb. HO and

ter-d'phu-non,

h

what

tcs-b'Lwi,

2 0

(

6

).

verb Peal fut.

* 2

lo,

a d v .

v ' m e » ,

7

pers. pi. from VLiUCO.

lit.

and

L>L>

X I X . R. 23. — ,J O « . — X I X .

I'^ OOI w,.,.,..(i,,.v

mnrfec

Y

prcf. «JD, before subst. masc., cmpli. of ¡QCP; T\

root

to number,

and then to

write.

\ I I: S I. 21. " rtir-kan-yn,

prefixes JDO {and irith)

form a syllable b y 7 ,

X I X . v. 24. — J () P . — X I X . v. 25.

*

¡-„owinir

Ti

..

,I-Aml

' gravcn-wore-tliey

X

roek-a

upon-&

23

; over-for

'OCT! earth-Hie

u p o n

end-the-in-&

,is

alive

redcemrr-my-t.liat

a m - 1

.appear-aliaU-lie

.0 7 and ( » 1 ° , subst. masc. cmpli., cornp. Iiol>. n.3|5 a, cane. b

d']>ar-z,lo, genit. > with subst. masc. cmph., Hob.

iron. with 7 remitted from the following ] , %r> o «7 and subst. masc. c m p h . 0

1'Ln-la.ni, see P s a l m ver. 4 (/).

/ ki-pho, P r o v . ver. 3 ( J ). 97 ncth-ra-sham, verb E t h p a a l fut. 3 pers. plural fem. from to grave, mark, delineate. VERSE 2 5 . a

ve-no, pref. O with t h e vowel ,, remitted from the follow-

ing ") of M , pers. pron. -I. b yo-da\ verb P e a l part. act. sing. masc. (from

7

to •i know) see Prov. ver. 1 (/), forming the present tense with the following. c

no, pers. pron. as the logical copula, indicated by the

linea ocrultans. d

•X

0

rclat. > {/hat) and subst. masc. sing. [^ooj^D 1 ! -X P 7 with suff. «ji, cmph. p D O ^ ) , from %£)\2) to deliver, redeem. d'pho-rvk,

21

II. r. 1. — S T .

• hha-yu,

J O H N . — II. r. 1.

the two words marked (') are pronounced as 7

corny). Proverbs vcr. 4 («) and 5 («); JLM is an adj. masc. s

ing.; em ph. H i , einph. fern. / rnr-sau-pho,

, from • » » " OJJ to

prefixes »DO

m) formed into one

syllable by y , before subst. masc. emph. of i2)QCD, eomp. Psalm vcr. 3 (0, as a verb to fail,

ccase, come to an end.

7

'> ar-Lo, Psalm vcr. 6 ( '). h nrth- dafh-Io-fho, pref. relative J {that), joined to the next vowclless letter b y y , before the cardinal num. masc., used for (lie ordinal ; lit. which is the third. • h'mth, verb Peal prel. 3 pers. sing. fem. from ] o a i . , '' > r "^-ln-tho subst. fem. sing. emph. [from oA»Sd], root VA» to drink. ' b'col-nn, pref.

and pr. name.

I I . v. 1 . — S T . , >2ocn

^Offij»?

.was

fOiS )(

Ts Jesus-'.»f

there

^ai-DZ] -»

AUfiO,

Ti ) ( niother-the-&

sufF.

fem. T\

pi.

¿ocn

«^"jo 2

,himself

also-And

^JLi,!^;

J l n,V),

X

* city-the

.Galilee-of

exnph. of

CFiZOj^SD,

X

/fAi/^D

1

, Jesus

sing.,

25

../]!. V . ?

-h

disciples-his-&

subst.

with

¿d-lci o

cagio|,t'v)V2o * i

callcd-'waa

/ mdi-to,

J O H N , - I I . V. 2.

constr.

root

to

X

>-

judge. pref. gcnit. > with

s dag-U-lo,

7

before a vowelless letter,

and pr. name. h

ve-meh,

pref. conj. O with ^ remitted from ] of

subst. fem.

sing.,

pleonastic;

pi.

{

(emph., irr.) with

emph.

CTllol,

suiF. 01 „

(Jiis)

T\

d'l/e-sImL, pref. genit. } , and pr. name.

k

ta-mon,

1

voth,

adv.

i. q.

( c ) only that this has the

linea

occultans,

because it is the logical copula. VERSE

2.

a

voph, Job ver. 19 (").

b

hu, pcrs. pron. used with the following word as reciprocal. 7

v'tal-mi-dau,

subst. masc. pi. with suff. WJCHO , 3 pers.

sing, masc., from , root rSQ^k to d

eth-k'ri,

verb Ethpcel pret. 3 pers. sing. masc. from

to call, to invite. c

learn.

0

•

loh, pref. prep.

with sufF. 01 3 pers. fem. sing, referring

pleonastically to the next, word. f I'mrsh-tii-tho,

comj). the prcc. and ver. 1 ( d ) .

•JO

I I . r. 3 . — S T .

'oil )(

']£D]O

**

.

snilli-A

"^¿Vl

»]oqi ;wine

. /.oail \

S.'iidi

J 0 I I N . — I I . r . 4.

.(hom-to

"¡TOMO 3 ^

licon-liad wantotl-And

fLJH ni>l-i3

Wine

.feast-the-to

Moai\

'OT_io]

,Josus-to

mothor-his

..

.. ^

YEKSK 3. " rahh-sar-vo,

Peal prct. 3 pcrs. sing, masc., followed by

the substantive verb (3 pcrs. sing, masc.) usually to express the pluperfect t e n s e ; the context, however, does not always permit it, and t h e n the imperfect is to be expressed, either in the indicative, subjunctive, conditional, or potential mood. h

l-ham-ro, subst. masc. sing, emph., H e b . ">i?n.

'' rom-ro,

pref. O with

remitted from ") of

Peal

pari. act. sing., fem. of 'rlo] used for the present tense, f r o m to say. d

leh, pref. prep. L with suff.

3 pcrs. sing, masc.,

referring pleonastically to the next word but one. ' c-meh, ver. 1 ( 7i ). / laith-Vlmn,

the first word is compounded of ]T not,

Zul is; the second is the pref.

and

with sufF. 3 pers. pi. masc.,

to express, they have not. YEKSK

* O-mar.

4.

Peal part, act, sing, masc., 5 treated as a gut-

final, for ¿SoI, see ver. 3 ( r ). >' m>> l i r ' h c h , interrog. pron. of the tiling, and pref. prep, with suff. 1 pers. sing., mid 2 pcrs. sing, fem., to express, irmif hare I to do with Owe \> com]), the H e b . of 2 Sa. 1G. 10.

TI. v. 4. — S T .

t * vct,

V

^UAJÌ

not

Pwnm.TO

J O H N . — I I . v. 6.

''^nlo -n ,tlico-to-&

* mc-to

»fco What

.i^O^JD * 'jajRSQlL^S, ' - o i W j "]*ioì';3 *H ** "A Whntsoovcr ,sorvants-tlio-fo motliov-his Sititi) f^ol

" M g

there « at-to,

but

wore-Thorc

Ol! -n ,Jesus licr-to

«Al A l »

^ .honr-mino come-liath

«/O^I

)(

•

27

^ a a l

.do

you-to

sK for ilEOK. Q£Q.

t h a d - c h i - t h o ,

P

I7

card. num. fern.

s h c t h ,

!

"

contain-whieh

subst. fern. pi. cmpli., sing. PUtl

>i

( V

pots-«nle|.

~R\

l"

f

stono-of

' ^ i l

«o} y

Sailh

«lajoj

subst. fcm. sing, emph. [of ^ S j Z ] from

t o p i n - ? ' / } / .

d

d i - h u - d o - y c ,

prcf. genit. J with vowel

1

remitted from the

following KA, and gcnitilic noun pi. emph. from jSOCTL» sing., •X

"

from >00"L» X

d o k h - d o n ,

k

x

J u d c a .

. . j|, root t o h o l d , t o

c o n t a i n .

t r e i n , t r c i n ,

1

m

r e v - L i n ,

distributivcly for

t i v o

e a c h

;

see Prov. vcr. 3 «c j>

subst. masc. pi.; sing. emph. (J^Q).

" an, particlc, the dot over O belongs to the older punctuation, and does not interfere with the present. "

f l o - t h o ,

v c r .

1

(/').

YE USE 7. < ) - m a r ,

comp. vcr. 3 ( ' ) ; lhc participle is used here for

i)i'' present tense. h

'

i n ' l a i t ,

verl) Peal imp. pi. masc. from f\

c - n c i n

pcrs. pron. ]»3. fem., here in the accusative

t h e m , ,

I I .

.

TS ^ . pots-wiilfr-the-iuio . .oail \ jthem-to

v.

7. —

''£¿0 water

¡-ID]" S saitli-fll'c]

,/CUAJI]O

S

T .

J

.lirotidit-thoy-&

I I

' ^1.3] •• )(

N

.

—

I I .

0 .

Fill

2 9

..TORUS

* until \

v .

6QSK)

" .top-t lie-to

• ']OKICO

I

O

filled-they-&

»NV>

I

«OIALI

X

; feast-thc of-head-the-to bring-&

.ocnl \ thom-to

/Q-SLDO

"n tliein

-OLLO

T>

now

ye-Draw

governed by the preceding verb, but pieonastically referring to the next word but one of the same gender. d

ma-yo,

subst. masc. pi. emph., only used in this form.

e

Va-go-ne,

pref. 1

with

y

remitted from the next letter,

see ver. G / vam-lau,

pref. conj. O with

r

before a vowelless letter,

and verb P e a l pret. 3 pers. pi. masc. from illsO. o e-nein,

see ( c )-

h

h!da-mo,

P s a l m ver. 1 («').

* I'Lel, pref. 1 to a subst. masc., with the prefixes generally used as an adv. and prep., root VERSE

"

to

ascend.

8.

verb P e a l imp. pi. masc. from M i l , comp. H e b . r f o .

h

me-chil,

c

vai-thau,

adv. pref. O with „ remitted from ] of

OA-»"),

Aphel

imp. pi. masc. from ] Z T\] to come, doubly anomalous. d I'rish, Psalm ver. 0 (/). y

e

s'mo-rho,

in recline. f rai-thih,

subst. masc. emph., lit. a reclining,

from

Aphel pre!. 3 pers. pi. masc. from ] 2 ] to comets

YHRSE

vc.had, pref. coin. O and

7

9.

particle.

30

I I . r. ! ) . - S T .

.QJOl \ (h.'il

] « V)

j-OSQCQ

,waf pr-the

1,

}nScuf -Tl

whence •«aJko

t of-hcad

feast-Hie

"]oci

c OQ1

.. tasted-had

that

fto

" ^ o

q

vvhen-An,]

* . ' • o o c i j

ft

from

)(

'.Q-JCTHj

A

know

not-&

OOOl ^ i V p t

in-filled-had tlipy-hoeauso

f'L'-m,

,) O H N . — I I . V. 9.

)(

knew

,wine _»}

l>e1. masc. m'lau,

ver.

7

(/).

" c-moK pers. pron. 3 pers. pi. masc., in the accusative and

pleonastic,

referring

to

the

following

noun,

comp.

ver. 7 {''•). "

Vma-yo,

pref.

• 'causative, and

1

men/«,

(in\

oronpips

sec v< > 7 u )

here the place

of

our

II. v. 9. — S T .

J O H N . — II. r. 10.

31

10 v"\\a / «.di] -n * \ T> )( 9aitU-& .bridegroom-* 1i«» )( foasl-tho f-head-tho called ,water-the )(

' ,

]-Ji£u*

liriiigeth ¡jood-the «7 * 7 /j| . ¿ J-a^-Q*

wine-die « £> «7

first-at -"u '^jjOl

that

then

thou

; worse-[is]-which

n

. oiA

mau-Every ,7 !7CLj05>

,liim-to »0 /flDO

drunk-well-had-tboy when-&

p k'ro, verb Peal prct. 3 pcrs. sing. masc. q Vkhath-no, prcf. l i , and subst. masc. sing, empli. I l e b . j n n . VEUSE

10.

« ve-mar, pre!', conj. O with ^ remitted from ] of j l o ] , Peal pret. 3 pcrs. sing, masc., see Psalm vcr. 1 ("). h

cul-nosh,

compound, of * a j ]

Job vcr. 19 , pi.

7\ son of man.

; for the first word see

the second is a subst. masc. sing., emph. .

Tl

.

T h e like compound word is

P

luk-dam, adv.; ^ is a prefix, and the form is a transposition •• V «7 r -x# y -X t for iO>QCUh, prop, the constr. (comp. vjCHQ.2)| V> V •X . • „ from the front of his face), but pi. - j l ^ Q Q I _1d of old 7 V ^ -n times, from ^CfO to be before, to prevent. j> d

to-vo, adj. masc. cmph. from

'' mai-the, Aphel part. act. sing. masc. ver. 8 ( c ). / f'fflo, pref. O, and ]lO followed by > (attached to the next word) is used adverbially, and signifies token, but it is primarily a pron. ff dar-viu,

ickat?

prcf. rclat. 5 willi

7

before a vowellcss letter,

and verb Peal prct. 3 pcrs. pi. masc. from " j o j . h

hoi-dcin, adv.

32

I I . r. 10. — S T .

I!

. m m

Josus

-7»

* " did-wliich

J O H N . — I I . r. 11.

(7I 11

ia

This

but followed,

as here, by > (attached to the next word) it becomes a relative. k

dav-tsir,

pref. > with

y

before a vowclless letter (comp.

the preceding), and adj. masc., the copula is to be supplied. 1

n'tnr- toi, verb P e a l pret. 2 pers. masc. from J^J, with 0 suif. ^ q u 3 pers. sing, masc., which is here pleonastic, referring to the following word. m

riiham-ro, pref.

and see ver. 3 (7'), the noun is here in

the dative case, where our idiom requires the accusative. n

I'ho-sho, adv. prop. pref. ^ unto, and )-» CT1 for

f «

this hour. V e r s e 11. n

ho-doi, two words read as o n e ; the first, demonstr. pron.

3 pers. sing, fem.; the second, pers. pron. 3 pers. sing. fern, instead of the subst. verb, which is indicated by the linea oecullans. n-tho, subst. fem. sing, emph., with suff.CT1V{ his

miracle,

pi. cm ph. fZdZ]', I l e b . n'lN. ' htd-moi-1h\ ordinal num. sing., emph. of ' r y i root, ^sO^O.

fem.

retbren-lus-&

subst. masc. sing.

s h u v - k h e h ,

•

After

Aphel. pret, 3 pcrs. sing. masc. from /

,Galileo-of

«>^¿12

this

3a

t o

p r a i s e .

pref. O, and Aph. pret. 3 pers. pi. masc. from

, differs from the other verbs

in that it takes

the preformative 01 instead o f " ) , and the radical } is changed to u instead of O, comp. Chald. h

i

beh, pref. prep. JD with suff. 01„. f a l - m i - d a u ,

v e r .

2

(

c

) .

VERSE a

b o - t h a r ,

p l a c e ,

prep., with suff. 0 1 ) A q

a f t e r

h i m ,

from i / f

a

with pref. JD. dem. pron. sing, fem., used for the neuter.

h

h o - d e ,

c

n k h e t l i ,

, l

12.

verb Peal pret. 3 pcrs. sing. masc.

l a c h - p a r - n a - k h u m ,

pref.

with

7

before a vowelless letter,

and pr. name. n

f

v e - m e h ,

v a - k h a u ,

v e r .

1

(

7 i

) .

pref. O with

7

remitted from the following f, and

subst. masc. pi. with suff. 3 pers. pi. masc., Prov. ver. 10 (/). a h

x i t a - m o n , h ' v a u ,

v e r .

pref. O and adv. 9

(

f l

).

•°> 1

I I . R. 1 2 . — S T .

J O II N . — I I .

"joqi "J -n priRSovor-tho was

"¿Zu'rOO 13 Jiiear-Aud

" F I L A L O

O«L»

fiiutnl-lio-And

i\ from out-drove-ho

•'

1

35 7

T

dj%ra VAVn \

them-of-all-) (-&

N V*l \ o

cfljajl ,cord

^Lo -n of

pref. conj. O, and subst. masc. pi. emph.; sing.

/ v'Lcr-be, emph.

with suff. OliDJA

9 vyau-ne,

1\

his sheep ; comp. the preceding.

subst. fem. with pi. masc. term, emph,,' sing.

IjqJ. h

v'lam-hjar-po-ne,

prefixes O, and ^ with 7 before a vowel-

less letter, with which the verb ( « ) is construed here, though the preceding nouns are in the direct accusative after the

0 07

1lSiJiiO.

* cPyoth-bin,

pref. relat. >, and Peal part. act. masc., pi. of

JDAji, root «¿dAj, here used for the imperfect tense. ** f* x V e r s e 15. a

vaL-vad,

pref. conj. O Avith

7

before a vowelless letter,

and verb Peal pret. 3 pers. sing. masc. h

subst. masc. sing, emph.; pi. emph.

pro-ge-lo,

Gr. paye\\iov a whip. c

khav-lo, subst. masc. emph.; pi. with suff. 01»\*")m his

cords, Heb. d

val-cul-hun,

and e

• •• 7

to bind. prefF. ^ O joined in one syllable by

?

(see .?),

with suff. ^OOl, Job ver. 19 (&). a-pek,

Aphel. pret. 3 pers. sing, masc., root *Q2L1 toga

f haich-lo, Heb.

s val-ier-bc,

out.

subst. masc. sing, emph.; with suff. 01

>CJ1.

prefixes l o joined in one syllabic by

before

;>r,

II.

ir,. — S T . *r»l0

'.OOliaiOi \

•

7

J O H N . — I I . r. 16.

• '"ÌIS'^SoSo -

r

''faVMo

>

i/^VilÓ

-h

"TV

**

jinoufy-tlioir out-poured-iX ,cliftngcrs-monoy-) (-& ,xen-lhe-) (-& ,sheep-the-)(-& z

IJOI

'_«judÌSD) « . Q j a ù ì O 16

doves selling-[wore]-who v m in ^ K? -TV

*

)( yc-inako

vcr. 14 (").

"Ti

Vq

.»j^aoi

thosp-to-And • / ) nV>

.ovorturncd-ho

table9-their-&

«^JtlcTI

T»

not-&

'».ocnuj'oAao • ¡-¿Ì

7»

,hence

these

ye-Take

-h

,said-bo

The verb Apck is construed with ^ (fo), where

our idiom requires the accusative. h

val-tau-re, compare the preceding, and ver. 14 ( ' ) .

' vl«m-\er-po-iir,

prefixes O, and

with

y

before a vowel-

less letter, compare the preceding, and ver. 14 (ff). k

ve-shad, pref. conj. 0 with „ remitted from ) of

• -n

Peal pret. 3 pers. sing. masc. 1

h>ur-po?i-Jmn, subst. masc. smg., emph. •X

with

suff. ^001, 3 pers. pi. masc,., compare ver. 14 (si). m

v'po-thu-rai-him,

subst. masc. pi. with suif. 3 pers. pi.

masc.; emph. sing. " j i o A a . " h'phakh, Peal pret. 3 pers. sing. masc. VERSE

16.

l}

" ral-ho-nun, ver. 14 ( ). h

dam-zab-nin, pref. rclat. J with

7

y

and Pacl part. act. masc., pi. of c

yau-nr., ver. 14 (/).

d

nh'hd, Peal imp. pi. masc. from

r

hn-lein, dem. pron. pi. com.

before a vowelless letter, y from

f

- me-co, adv., compare ver. 9 ( h ). " t 2 ] o 17 remembered-And

.*,»

J O H N . — I I . v. 18. A » O

»'uuTjl?

of-house-a

father-my-of

•*}2>Q..U .merchandise

i S of

' CTLLL^j ••

*. I'jzuhsy i

37 S ) ( houso-tho ) (

ucno^ - I

.up-me-eaten-liath house-thy-of ) ( zeal-The ) ( ,written-is-which-that

«)2]' sign

iV) What

»OlA

''Q-p-lolo

,him-to

said-&

Vloo^

disciples-hia

T-»? " o i l 18

,Jews-Uie therefore

Answered

with suff. Ol ^ (it), pleonastic, referring to the following noun ; as a prohibition with the preceding v'lo, the verb is in the future. h

V rai-ih eh, the preceding verb is construed with ^ here

prefixed to Prov. ver. 10 ( " ) ;

the suff. CI „ is pleonastic,

referring to the following noun in the genitive. * dov, subst. masc. sing, with suff.

1 pers. sing.; emph.

JbV, Prov. ver. 10 k

te-gur-tho, subst. fem. sing, emph., root J^l to trade. VERSE 17.

a

veth-d'ehar, pref. conj. O with ^ remitted from the foliow-

1 7

, and Ethpeel pret. 3 pers. pi. masc. from JOJ to remember. h

dach-tiv, pref. relat. > with

7

before a vowelless letter,

and Peal part. pass. sing. masc. from » s A d to write. c

dat-no-neh,comp.

Psalm ver. 1 (?) and Prov. 4 ( h ) ; the

suff. CJ1 „ (his) is pleonastic, referring to the following genitive. d e

d'vai-thoch, pref. genit. Prov.sing, ver. masc., 10 ( c ) . ^ ¡ j ) , with ach-lan, verb Peal pret.> 3to pers.

i, and -»

of « 2 is remitted to it on the accession of the suffix. VERSE 18.

L'nnu, verb Peal pret. 3 pers. pi. mnsc. from ]jLL.

7

3R

I I . v. 1 8 . — S T . 19

• AJT

Answered

r thou

\

* T> doest

^OJOACO

oil •K hiin-to

jthis

7ioiX

Say

& re-mar,

AJF

.it )(

,ns

. .ooil ^ ,them-to

Ipniple-lhc ye-Destroy .

1

v. 2 0 .

1 VCN?

T* things-these-that

\)j6i (liroo-in-it

J O UN.—II.

thou ^¿lo * said-&

>nVi 1

am

raising

showest

I

Ti

TV ,Jesus

/_*locu I days

prcf. conj. O with „ remitted from ) of O^k)],

Peal prct. 3 pcrs. pi. masc. from

. 7\

^ 77io-no, interrog. pron. of the thing. o'-//io, vcr. 11 ( 6 ) .

yr

uilt-was

AJ]

7

> n » n V>

••

? it ) (

six-&

. fOp)Z|

MP

days 7

• '']Alk> x

,dead-the

hL

VAilAS

AJ"|O

three-in

thou-&

»

with

was

^JLD

7

7

o

jocn

concerning

-n of-bouse-the

pref. ^

lar-b'Lin,

«

7

11 n iQi

temple-ilie

-ft remembered

,Jpws-tho

.

x

raising

•body-his-of

forty-In

—jlLdqu

x

thon-art 7

h

years

39

ooi 21

speaking .however

^-»J

5 this

-n -X

,IIe

"i>Q_jD

22 t

is

from ,therefore ,risen-had-ho

When

remitted from 1 of . » S ^ i K i

num. pi. com. e

v'sheth, pref. O, and num. fem. referring to the following.

d

stinin, subst. fem. with pi. masc. term., sing. ] j L » , emph.

f A i i , constr. A i » , root "|jL» to change. e

eth-tfni,

verb Ethpeel prct. 3 pers. sing. masc. from

to build. VERSE

21. y

a

pref. genit.

d'pag-reh,

subst. masc. sing.,

with

sufF. Ol „ . VEBSE

22.

a

horn, Peal pret. 3 pers. sing, masc., root iOGLO.

5

beith mi-thc,

for the first word see Prov. ver. 10

the

second is Peal part, pass. pi. emph. masc. from A j l I d prct. he died, 2/UID

she died, verb

; house of the dead, for

X

sepulchre. c

cth - (V char, ver. 17 ( " ) .

d

c-mar

vo, the preterite followed by the subst. verb ex-

pressing the pluperfect tense, compare ver. 3 ( " ) .

10

II. r. 22.— S T. J o II N . — I I . v. 23.

' d i i o i c n o . ^ o g i ''-,-¿1 IJCTI? * T> Hmpfures-tho)( beiieved-they-& )( ,said-had-ho this-that is

"locn

«jCnoAji]1 ¿ 2 3

)(

)(was

believed •x

•^Qij gl^VfiVo it f -n .Jesus spoken-had-which word-the-) (-&

When

'-QiScucn ^ I l i J . r n

* x ,disciples-his

x^IXlo

many ,feast-t lie-in passovor-tlie-at Jerasalcm-in •>? «p. c .«I? 7 7 «001 24 • rClLj i/jZoZ| /0|_M> **

,.]("!usi .however ,irimseli'

Jesus .

Tl

.did-he-which miraclos-fho saw-they-wlien ,him-in

'' r-hai-men,

v e r . 1 1 (ff).

/ hrh-to-re,

prof. \

with

subst, ma sc. pi. emph. from

y

before a vowellcss letter, and

JD^D,

root

JDi\D

to write.

The

preceding here construed with X (to), but in ver. 11f (ff) withverb is vaf-mel-tho, prefixes l o formed into one syllabic by and subst. fem. sing, emph., see Job ver. 23 (/). dr.mar, pref. relat. 5 with ^ remitted from ) , and Peal prct. 3 pers. sing, masc., here used for the pluperfect. VERSE

23.

the subst. verb joined to Aj»] (ver. 6 a ) with I flic suff. (agreeing in gender and number with the former) " i-thaui

vo,

forms the imperfect tense. h

Jrphets-l-hn,

pref. JD to ver. 13 ('>).

h'^id-^i-dn, pref.

and subst. masc. sing. emph. root

5fi, according to the Arabic,

to

feast.

stt.yi.ye,

Psalm ver. 0 0 ) . ''

/ thkh-zan,

pref. J , here as a conj.

I'l-cl. 3 ])(>rs. pi. masc. from •" oth.ro.tho,

v e r . 1 1 ('>}.

hoi-mm,

ver. 11 when,

(g),

and verb Peal

liore for the pluperfect.

24.— S T .

I I . v.

ooij

• 'OIAEIJ T\

he-that

)(

himself

•

not-&

trusted

SV A V ,man-every ) (

01^ ;man-of-son

•

41

1OOI )(

' r - S ^ «OOl indeed

25.

-ft

thcm-to

m flo 25

need-did

v.

\

,person-his

x

j

.OOIA

T\

because

«]oqi

J O H N . — I I .

¿"joqi )(

c

.man-in

VERSE

«^¿J > know

>o1 rn 1

any concerning him-to testify-should

* PP • i i ; ^

not

i

n ^ " f i V>

1v /|oqi

is

what

)(

man-that 7

v /^h t knew

24.

a

6

hu, ver. 2 ( ).

6

m?hai-men vo, Aphel part. act. sing. masc. from ^Lo^,

see ver. 11 (ff), with the subst. verb for the imperfect, trusted. c naph-sheh, Prov. ver.9 ( k ). d yo-da\ vo, ver. 9 (s). e rcul-nosh, pref. ^ (to) with which the preceding verb is construed, to ver. 10 ( 6 ). VERSE

25. 7

a

s'nik vo, Peal part. pass. sing. masc. from «0100, followed by the subst. verb forming the imperfect tense, compare ver. 24 ( h ). h d'nosh, pref. relat. to ver. 10 (J1). e nes-had, Peal fut. 3 pers. sing, masc., with 7 in the second syllable, because it is from middle E, JOICD; the subjunctive Is is expressed by the future. d har-nosh, comp. ver. 10 (''). 0 hu, ver. 2 ( J ). f yo-da\ vo, ver. 9 (o). o ifh, ver. 6 ( a ). h livar-vo-sho, ein])b.. ver. 10 ('').

V

CRUSADE OF KING RICHARD I . OF ENGLAND. FKOM

THE

CHRONICLES

OF

BAß HEBRAEUS.

I. P 0. ^DO-£)QQi « o i a m / o k ^ o

^qILIZIo

f->Vvn Gbi

V^i

^^crio

>]2lo

.

UjoI

^ o

is

'

7 ^Lio] X

^

wmIJ^

" II.

»A^olo

-T»

füao

i>

T>

•

T,

^

ft

i>

I

^»aiioj # #

" - n i »Vn

suff. plcon.

'' The conj. O omitted between these two verbs, an asyndeton common in the Syriac. ' Pa. '' f

to strengthen, ver. 6 ( f f )

With suff. 0 1 Q ^ .

It. W i L . r

ft.

to come.

f, J o h n ver. 28 («).

T R A N S L A T I O N , WITH

AN OF THE

WORDS

ANALYSIS

AND

FORMS

PRECEDING

NOT O C C U R R I N G

IN

THE

PAGES.

I. THEN

went out the king of England and took Cyprus

from the Greeks.

He went also and encamped against

Acco ; and the Franks were greatly strengthened at his arrival.

But within [the city] there were twenty

Arabian Emirs.

These sent and said to Saladin : " "We

have already been brought low and weakened by constant war, and tormented also by disease."

Sing. e m p h . , r. to say, to command. k Saladin. * Sing. . 7 1 From ^JLo and jD and Psalm vcr. 1 (?). n m Aph., Peal to he low. Aph. of ^ J L » obs. 0 R. to he firm. P Pael part., Pe. obs. r Aph. of ^ i ! to enter, 1 R. \l£> to turn, intrans. h

«i>

P

V

1

T,

Then

41

CRUSADE OF KING RICHARD I. \ )J£U>

"^001 LB TOO

OOCTI ^ I R N ^ V )

VNVFI

blmo

¿mo

VADOJ

^»R^

»MV^

\T

V

• L^ÛO

• M-*-»? ^ ¿ D IS

J2SL30 •

]

IJI

^OOIJIÎAS

: £))A«U>

^

ACTI?

^YA

AJ")O

< FL . I S

^SD

«JAUJASO = > ¿ 0 V)?

I^DOJ Y I O ^ O L ? ». E } , ^ ; f\ *

T^.II^ ^BIASO

•

LIA

_»> ^DO ft

V

II. «ILL-A^J")?

C

OCN

«^OOUDO

*\

I

-N

Y * R. ^

¿0 change,

exchange. •X

' Apb. part. pass. lit. persuaded, " Ethpa. of w^^Ji /o /mre power, r r

a

Pa. part, of .^..(T), impers. It.

77 7

\\ to ride, administer.

It.

y John ver/lO ( -ft o o m s u )

R I C H A R D

. :>clL»IZ1 T> T\

/U3JXLS? * 1» )l#dio

K I N G

H

"TV

. ^oaiAi » o

y* *

X

. • V > A ^ o

mj? v |b;£>

. U ^ V ^ 1 n V n ^ c t l s I J } tmn V) T .OAJ! n o V) . i-^U»? .il^) ^ r i L v . \ 1 1 V X \ 71 " 7» \x « n n V > . U 1»- » > P .\ n m V i>) *. . \ m 1 i • > > < ] y> g > r -X» > \ » f /7.

^

ts

*

T\

« ••

T>

»

7

-X 7 "D

T> " . q A Z Z j

» ^ i

-n

i s n o

"»..Si»(Q-A ^JL

ff

Ì-^i-0 .1

o^lo

•H *

i * P P 5 ' t-^'r^ " Lit. v

si(/iì

li.

^..A Ti

x

—flV? ^ u i O O . 1 S dV t.Kn V » ^ ° t % I > 7 « 7 . i ? - " 7 0 7 P j ^ J i l ^ '¡OCTI ''^a^aj? aOl Ì-Q-flO

when

jesting?ijoìdmj.

(TIeb.

mark,

7 to rcpeat, "

PO

J2LZ1£D

fo

r

design* narrato.

7 " Eihpa. of

fopour,c?npfi/otti.

» Adv. r. Z/Lm

Pa.

sing. I^d].

¿ o complete,

finish,

to

canjìrm.

¿0 Àmw.

OF ENGLAND. recovered

from sickness, wanted

use of the falcons as an excuse.

4 pigeons, and

made

Saladin then clothed

the ambassador in kingly garments, and sent with liini a great number of partridges, and young pigeons, and doves.

Alter tins, tliree ambassadors came again from

the Franks to Saladin, and asked for apples and snow : they obtained it, and went away.

I t is reported, that

the king of England had no further design in sending ambassadors, time after time, with these trifling stories, than that he might accurately be acquainted with the strength of Saladin and the kings Ï

"ft

¿mu

(_J|

o,niV)> ' -n

V

f • *

n

N

^

llû'r*^ ¿SOL OÀ**JO

"ft

^cljctlA

0

¿sou T< s

'»

|T

]Tjo

i o l ' o ^ * •>. t 7 >o»> > n .Q«-*-

OLA V

-n

-T»

fU^oo

î-iû-oT

«CTIOLSÛS

AASAÛOL

-ft

n > n

]Jlj -n

IJCTLL

")JA»

I

. ]ài-»|lq

Anmi ts ft -ft

r^

7 ^ a u o

x

^anroj

ou*

O

«7

~

f^ifnn

« P7

OJ-kjj

X « (>»

7 « •• i> 7 «P o > f » » 6 ."iNm ^

V

V57

flj

1, »aVT . o o i \ n \ x \ 7 7 «P, p X .. IA1J.1Û

7 i V>

u i ^

. ' i.- a '0p O k 7)

A . n « Ï I

.ogil

* Nil

1 o *. n n s > -ri

«7

osnZ

»¡LQ

•. O I Z Q L j 7 po

VZ\Vo *

«»7

^ ¿ j L l

-T*

l-lo*

¿ 0 J]")

5À00

'' The fut. will] the subst. verb frcq. represents the subjunctive. f Adj. able, potens. , ,, " I'cm. gen., compare (.?). ' S'mtr.

g Sing. }2Q_

one outside, from

. ^

an open field.

OF ENGLAND.

51

able to effect anything more : the Franks divided themselves into two separate bodies ; tlie one fighting with those [that were] outside, and the other with those [that were] inside.

W h e n those inside [the city] saw that

they were already captured, they requested a promise for [the saving o f ] their lives.

The Franks said : " W e

will not give [it], except Saladin give us all the Frank prisoners which he has, and restore to us all the cities which he has taken from us."

A n d when they had sent

to Saladin, he said : " Three thousand prisoners only I will give in exchange for the Arabs which are in Acco ; and if they leave me Acco, I will give them city for city ; otherwise, let them take with the sword, if they can, as I take in like manner, the rest of the cities." W h e n the Franks heard this, they could no longer restrain themselves, but ascended the walls with ladders, and descended into the city; and after they had shed much blood, they collected those that remained in the city into one corner. k

A d j . fern, see Prov. ver. 2 ('').

' See (/). n

m

In like manner.

Suff. 01 pleonastic, referring to the following pron. fern. •x p " F r o m .J»OS,

CRUSADE OF KING RICHARD I.

JV .a^al

Ì3?

*.

vOO',-2lj> H

{

\J

. .èAj] ^

ZaA

^Lo 1.

V

)rjQ_DO

X

¿0

l ^ ] 7 i, ï.

Isûhûào

ȣDGT-a .1

Î]_iû0

]_ooi»

. ^QLÍA

'W^UVr-wlD

aGlQ»Ljo]o

«

Tí T'jaiiûl

ìyi»? ^

>x0(jüchMiñ¿>

K

ï-LOr-^

7 ">

JL

*1

j^AJj

i, T>

,àjai

OJ_LD")O

«•

-n

^ ^

.OJÖI

l-LÀX

l

.oail

-jLoAoj

"7.

1

^ ^ i

^

^L,

\ ^OCTÜCLSQä

2ol

QOlJ

. .OOLÛ ^a-wi

j^LjLoi'jo /uOTaí¿>OJ ^ 1> ^jAaiî î o j i o ) ÎïOQ£) pila • n i , „ •

^UDO

*

T*

i-D^il • .óaúoo \

Î.OOUSO . v ^ L i D O l i

1JDQ IZoîZff

Cn^ww^DO '

\ Â^/Lîî -7» T•i

ÍVal part. act. |>I. of

'> Pro v. ver. 3 ( h ).

^•in- 5>a». empli. ]Sû9 irr.

Peal [»art. pass, of

i ,.

KJ

;Tt. of yr+* 'Vi«l, (lie 1>. r», i.rnn.

.Qj] v

.

!

^

OF ENGLAND.

53

IV. THOSE

Arabs said to the F r a n k s :

" Do not slay us

before we send, to Saladin, that he ransom us with gold and Frank prisoners, according as you have desired." The Franks consented [saying] : " I f within fourteen days from this time, namely, at the new moon, Saladin give us two hundred thousand golden denars, and a hundred prisoners of those whom we shall describe by their names, earls and counts and others, and a thousand and five hundred prisoners whose names are not known to us, we will release you."

W h e n the Arabs of Acco

had sent to Saladin, and had made known to him the event, he assembled his nobles and took counsel with them.

A n d they all with one consent said: " These

Arabs are our brethren ; how shall we desert them ?" Saladin then promised that he would give [it].

And

he at once sent to the [different] places and assembled the Frank prisoners.

A p h . of ^ p » to 10P

A n d as regards the gold, he pro-

know. 1 !> o

V.

/ Sing. p.£)SO> for firD^DJ, r. •J Aph. pi. fr.liDOl obs.

7

.

. to be great. h

For

fut. of ^ J .

51

O R U S A D E O F IvING R I C H A R D -n Tt

*

-f-^lo

^AJO ?> 7v

.QT>2QXJ \ ^jZ

ZQA

7»

.ocjiLa^ ^ n k ) ^ûas|> \ x T, ^hlLdoio I-ÛOI?? ]AloZ Ti

\

V

X

T.

-X P

-XI ».

« C P

T\

a l l o

< \ ,\\. fulfillrd,

T.

. (v^o T>

|TZ VVI ]ÂIJRLO ;

n

" H. ^-lû}.

ioUs T*

( « . ¿? T ->

^u «»«p^.

Q^¿L)y

Gr. ofxrjpov. I'cal part. act. fem. R. i i o -

T»

1

Eshtaph. of J E û . 1

ADO|

. .OOULO ^JQQ \ -T» .OCTl\n\ P ^ - ^ \ -n

"74

Qni

Imper. and prof. V

îclwAO

^-»HICNI -n

T»

no\mo 7\

t 7

. ]ri.iDai

V

_i.i-i_k> •7»

T ->

»| o ^ c o

]M'»"O .OAU'Î'^I «OMSO

X

1

-7*

airA

\

CTULLD

1ZZ OF

\

7

"^Za-T V ) » a i o

^-»¡^

T.

,_*ioca

} 1> %

o ^ c o ) o . j U - l î ^ s ?OASÛ>1Z1 •t» Tt Tl ^Lo ' j A l .Qj) QQ^lo

*.

ÎjJ»

I ^ D O I .OÀJV 0

Vo

1

-*-

I^ÔZ

iQou)

-

)LLÔZ V. »VXII ); M X ^

T\

U ^ J ^

-n

7

n

T

' OLA ^PAJ) ¿~>O » ¿ ^ A J 1 ^

I.

*

^

)'.' » ^

OF ENGLAND.

55

mised that every tenth day he would give a third part. When ten days had fully passed, lie sent to the Franks, and said to them : " Let go now all the Arabs who are with you, and we will give you the third part of the gold, and hostages for the two other third parts ; or give ye us hostages for the third part of the gold which ye receive."

The Franks therefore answered:

" Our word alone is sufficient for you, and our assurance which we give you, instead of hostages."

Then the heart

of Saladin became hardened, and he did not consent to them.

The Franks then became angry; and they

bound all the Arabs with cords, and led them outside the city unto a hill; then they piled up much wood round about them, and old ropes and asses' harness, which are called be.tati, like a wall.

When they had

drawn [their] swords, they rushed in and killed them all, while the posts of the Arabs stood and saw [it]. And the number of the Arabs who were killed upon the walls of Acco, both within and without upon the hill, amounted to a hundred thousand and eight hundred a 11.

r

See III. («').

* II. t Asyndeton, O omitted between the two verbs. u

R. (JlSD to count.

v

R. >011 to record.

C R U S A D E OF K I N G R I C H A R D I. rumiiza :

V

"

)uh 1

:irz

.0

7

M^Jf-^j'H»-^

l-kJCU?

^Ol]

-7>

A-LB

A-j^jo

.

0

7

,-jlAOI

aO!>

p

JOCI

: lll^J

X

"'If n m V>

\VAd

¿tJJ^

l^oZ

^

? ^oinsNo

..

V

. . «> ^ 7 L L »

.

.n.*^

oXA^oj

cuoLD

y]_Q_2~)OjO

V. IL-m

noon

J CJLaJO»

*. a n i l

^'^Al^lfilOJ X

^-»r-^

0001

.

'^'^/LLdo

HldqI

^O

. u ^ o B

U-^J^Q

oioncoj

p o

]LL»'53]O *

X

C

^ACQX

^OOl.V) ,s ^

14

nVn«]'

bb ]o ^rq

A\ o p

¿ o i i o

- Pa- of I k ) to be wide.

[L

II. jn^y

to cleave, «Merc.

~ R.

oppress.

/,,

V. '•i!- /'»'

tho

?«*/»'»!/ (hereof,, s u l , s ( . w i t h

Ol ), r. ^ J .

"

.QJOIO

prop,

and

si iff.

OF ENGLAND.

souls.

57

These tilings happened in tlie seventh month of

the Arabs, the year 587 of the Arabs, which is the year 1502 of the Greeks, in the month Ab.

W e have some-

what enlarged upon the record of this cxpugnation, bccause it is very famous among the Arabs, who have written volumes on the miseries which the Arabs endured at that time from the Franks.

V. WIIEN

the Franks had taken Acco, they left therein

an army that was sufficient to keep it, and builders that might repair its walls; moved towards Arsoph.

but they themselves re-

But Saladin removed like-

wise with them: and they assaulted one another as they marched in the way.

One day, as the Arabs

rushed upon the baggage of the Franks, the king of

aa

Sliap. of ^ b to he entire.

hh

C o m p o u n d of (Gl. y D a n d 0 0 1 , also, Pe. to tahf,, to lift

h

John ver. 10 (c) Ukeicise.

A p h . causai, hcncc, to

up, to move;

up, as an army. '> II. ")•-. in I'a. to incite. f

*

11. jjuJsD to strike.

'•>

p

l'art, pi. r. )>>.

V !!. I-OJ» to he

henry.

linai;

.58

CltUSADE OF K I N G H I C H A M ) 1.

''llGLL^ ^.octiL.Q-OD

]]]

»'ojoilaZ^o

« ) \ . m\

^-»r^

?i>

(A-J; n o

) P n S V>

a-oi-io

JimAa» o 7

%

^ •• o v

"oljj-OO

l

»J-.^

QJkS)

UO

«p -. y

.*

IV

"

^

a i o |J ? ]o ;«omaoZ]o «lou uoi "AXaJO *. CTL^ "OOOl ^ O j j l l ]k>CUO j 1» ^AjsOQjLiD ^.OOISO . }-»-»-£? "'l^ukUT) " Z o o i •?(

"D

7S

1«

X

'

7>

•

T\

X

1,

\

'

-n

-n

T»

«.aulii-J? \

*

-n

« (_J01_k) QlSO»

^

vCDl^^J

t U o I

.•.Qj] \

•

ao^io -T,

( 1m H alii

¿o

_

— •

PytLtLD

1\

I

'

]Ir>

T,

X

^ f f l O

I

- ^Q_Q_£1_CCLJ • ooujqsimjo A l

I

I

X

h

11. 1VL to be strong.

* Pa. 901^2) fo disperse.

k

Abs. I^QCO, r.

1

o|]? \

„

'

H.

Prep. i.q. Hob. "IV side. » Sin«.

K ^ v H. fci^/o choose.

" PI. const, of VrJO, Pe. part, from ]•£) to call, to cry; «1» . 7 t. pjQO, to blow the trumpet,

with

v Pc. part, pass. pi. c, from ^A^ to bear, carry, to be burdened. i John ver. 11 (»). * From ]iD what, and prcf. ' R, ^SQD to lay snares.

% Comp. of .

if and )] not.

OF ENGLAND.

59

England became exasperated, and issued forth upon them with great force.

The Arabs were dispersed;

and many of them lied, and there remained not at the side of Saladin save seventeen men alone of the choice men of the Arabs, and those that blew the trumpets, and the standard-bearers.

But had it not

been that the Franks feared this : peradventure there be snares—and therefore withdrew : surely, on that day they might have captured Saladin himself, and the pillar of the Arabs would have fallen.

In those

days, Saladin sent builders and horsemen that they might go and despoil the citadel of Bagras of [its] provisions, and destroy it.

After they had gone and

had somewhat wasted it, they heard that Leon, the

tt

Apoc. for 10013.

} y

T\

u

P r o p , contracted themselves, from -rnr> to contract. w

J o h n ver. 3 (*). x

Comp. Hel). DHH

II. i O O D .

h e r e transposed, and the prep,

used twice. v R e a d , denizun;

L o m a d in this verb has the line as often

as it o u g h t to have a vowel, which latter is then remitted to Zain.

Note.

T h e f u t u r e is especially used to express

the potential, subjunctive, or hypothetical sense. 2

Lit. to make empty, both in P c . and P a .

i;o

CRUSADE O F KING R I C H A R D I. ,x * 5' Ì " 'X "" » V 7 7 7 7 7 7 t .OCTLuQO'p^ QJLkìaO . OQJlO Q£1£190 \ X n 1

f V^ ^

; ro

iiso

]ooi ^a-i,? .ófl -n}2) •n

,

r

aio

'

~

Jt»0

1

n

ai_o

R .

Lit., ;

to

. 0 1

x

j Z \ 1

to

that,

he

he

\

7

!V. pret.

Read,

0

ooai

x

X

C U ' r k l J

fóiQoó

prepared.

comp.

(it).

.

with | prosthetic. to

X Lit.

x

feed.

subdue,

console.

humanity. h'na-nh,

for 0 1 0

QJJD.

v

\U> wmITJ O ^IZqaj]

àiira^o

" t ^ c o o

ready,

miyht

. .

J

• tCL-Xon*]] 7 \ •

n o u r i s h ,

X

v

q j q A - j O vb^qI]]

: >al«)0Ì]

If.

p

T>

-T,

0'rJÌÌ

•

-

^^"jo „

x

-7\

v

^h^-Sd

-n

cti_»A_jiO

IIj^ 7»

y

O^LL-LD

-n

|}>

.ooiX \

-ri ]A_LoaI

^001 1 V> .oJlon*])7 \

*

A, «.„o

: Jloi7

*

• »CDTp^D ¿1 n ^ i m o

dioo|J_a

o2]o

f. v

7

«QjaiIbÌo

rarl.

)

inserted

b e f o r e the

OF ENGLAND.

61

governor of Cilicia, prepared himself to rout tlicm ; wherefore they left and iled.

W h e n the Antiochians

heard of their flight, they went to Bagras, and found therein twelve thousand measures of w h e a t ; and they carried it away to Antioch.

A n d their consolation

was great; because the famine was sore there at that time.

Some days after, came Leon and defeated the

Franks, and took Bagras from them.

Saladin also sent

and destroyed Askelon, and deprived it of [its] population ; because the Franks had already built Joppa, and had settled down therein, as it was [situate] between Jerusalem and Askelon.

[But] for the reason that the

Arabs said: " W e are not able to hold it [Askelon]," Saladin went to Jerusalem, and examined it, and fortified it with men, and [other things] besides.

suffix which is licre pleonastic.

The subst. verb forms

the pluperfect. 1

For ( k j i A ^ j o .

* From A

f, *

J and

,X

(colour), kind, manner, reason,

Masc. with suff. with suff. before which ] is dropped. Subst. si'Je.

«

02

CRUSADE OF KING RICHARD I. VI.

Vi-k)

u^Q-So

ii-4^o-co \y ouk)

^ o i n n ] ^vsl y

*^Or2J> V » ^ ?

]; *

oiZol

n o -n »^¿¿j

i,T V

'•n

"J^ol

* py v ' JJsDj^O

''CTLDioSo -Ti

]n\v>o

.^qia£D] 7

ail

¿ o * ^ O

:

7 •• 7 » ^

\ * ^ -n

"u^j/ZO -

v

.» 5» ^ V>? X XX

B»ir *. ^ X X X X OlA

""*

.>1 x x x x o]

. iQjkQj X

» 0 |C1>

Zu2u£XLJ> TZo>21 ^ . n V ) 1 r 7N •

:

.octudo

«iDOUO OlSr^O -n'

01 c u l l

^Ji^ ¿ n l l^ul 77 7v 7-ff^in jSJjM^D /QCD-r^ZI

-x r *. ^ o m ^ o

^JLk) 7»

» JlSD -i>

y \ V) T»

7»

VA^alo

o i A„ n o o

llj "

•X 7 ••7 .QTLilSLUU-QOO \

¿ihS^o-i

-J

vjOIQ-k,] 7

1'Z]

•.070

A. 7 H

A(±D(J1

-n

y*£jC\) ^

\ V^r^

x ^»j A j l q !>al»>o|J 'ft T1 x ^

'».o^Vo N

/J2)T \

* _inaJ

X

K*

Apli. of

to pass, go

" Pe. part. act. of l ^ t . Lit. that they may cause to pass, 7 ' I'o. ])vct. for fciDOTj». T

e Lit. iiii' 1, (^enomihv heart. 7 K / From tCC'-i to be broken.

7-N ^

.A*? x

i' Lit. beginning of.\ from V7

«)J] 1\

*. ;_Lo)o T> v

. \ V)

-n

to begin. 7

a going out, from »02,3. ' ^ m p a r e CO•Ml- trp returned,

* Compare II. (»