Syntax and affixation: The evolution of "mente" in Latin and Romance 9783111329017, 3484521821, 9783484521827

Table of contents :
INTRODUCTION
Chapter One ADJECTIVE AND ADVERB: A TYPOLOGICAL SURVEY
1.1. Word Order
1.2. Stress
1.3. Distinction of Form
1.3.1. Uninflected Form: German
1.3.2. Prefix: Celtic
1.3.4. The Use of Case Forms
1.4. Other Affixes
1.4.1. Prefix: Old Irish, Russian
1.4.2. Suffixes
1.5. Summary and Conclusion
Chapter Two THE ADVERBS OF CLASSICAL LATIN
2.1.1. Nominative-Accusative Neuter: -e
2.1.2. Comparatives in -ius
2.1.3. Adverbs in -um
2.1.4. Nominative-Accusative Neuter Plural: -a
2.2. Accusative Feminine
2.2.1. Accusative Singular Feminine: -am
2.2.2. Accusative Plural Feminine: -ās
2.2.3. Accusative Singular Feminine: -im
2.3. Ablative-Instrumental
2.3.1. Ablative-Instrumental: -ē
2.3.2. Ablative-Instrumental -ō
2.3.3. Ablative-Instrumental: -ā
2.3.4. Ablative Plural: -īs
2.3.5. Other Ablative Formations
2.3.6. -tus
2.4.1. Nominative Singular: -(i)ter
2.4.2. Other Adverbs from the Nominative
2.5.1. Other Adverbial Formations: Cases
2.5.2. Other Adverbial Formations: -per
2.5.3. Compounds: Preposition and Noun
2.5.4. Verbal Phrases
2.6. Summary and Conclusion
Chapter Three FROM LATIN TO ROMANCE
3.1.1. Heterogeneity of Morpheme Variants
3.1.2. Choice of Morpheme Variant Unpredictable
3.1.3. Multiple Adverbial Forms
3.1.4. The Fate of the Case System and Unstressed Suffixes
3.2. Latin Preference for Sharply Characterized Adverbs
3.3.1. -Iter with -us Adjectives
3.3.2. -Enter, -anter with -us Adjectives
3.3.3. -Im with -us Adjectives in Christian Latin
3.4.1. Periphrastic Constructions Using Abstract Nouns
3.4.2 Periphrastic Constructions Describing a Mental State
3.5.1. Mente with -us Adjectives in Latin
3.5.2. The Ordering of the Elements in Latin
3.6. The Salic Law
3.7. The Reichenau Glosses
3.8. Summary and Conclusion
Chapter Four MENTE IN GALLO-ROMANCE
4.1. The Phonology of -ment
4.2. The Loss and Replacement of the Noun MENTE(M)
4.3.1. -Ment-Adverbs Written as Two Words
4.3.2. -Ment Written Only Once in a Series of Adverbs
4.4. The Vowel of the Adjective Element
4.5.1. The Adjective in Old French
4.5.2. Pre-Old French Analogical Feminines
4.5.3. Analogical Feminines in Old French
4.5.4. Post-16th c. Developments
4.6.1. The Use of the Masculine for Adverbial Formation
4.6.2. Adjectives With Masc. Ending in a Stressed Vowel
4.7. The Rise and Spread of -aument
4.8. -antement, -entement vs. -amment, -emment
4.9. The Rise and Spread of -ement
4.10. Summary and Conclusion
4.11. MENTE in Occitan
Chapter Five MENTE IN IBERO-ROMANCE
5.1. The Adverbial Suffix in Spanish
5.2.1. The Glosas
5.2.2. Twelfth-century Texts
5.3. Thirteenth-century Old Spanish Documents
5.3.1. Castilian Documents
5.3.2. Leonese Documents
5.3.3. Aragonese and Navarrese Documents
5.4. The Fueros
5.5. The Adverbial Suffix in Aragonese
5.6.1. Thirteenth-century Poetry
5.6.2. Alfonsine Prose
5.6.3. Fourteenth-century Literature
5.7.1. The Adverb in Castilian: mientre
5.7.2. The -r- in mientre
5.7.3. -miente and -miento
5.7.4. -miente and miente (s)
5.8. -ment and -mente
5.9.1. -mente in a Series of Adverbs
5.9.2. The Dropping of -ment in Old Aragonese
5.9.3. Other Vestiges of the Independence of -mente
5.10. Guisa, cosa, manera
5.11. Summary and Conclusion
5.12. MENTE in Catalan
5.13. MENTE in Portuguese
Chapter Six MENTE IN ITALO-ROMANCE, ‘RHETO-ROM ANCE\ DALM ATIAN, AND RUMANIAN
6.1. -menti
6.2. Dialectal Variants of -mente
6.3. Adverbs from Adjectives in -le, -re
6.4. The Adverb Written as Two Words
6.5. -mente in a Series of Adverbs
6.6. Imprimamente and imprimieramente
6.7. Guisa and via
6.8. Southern Italian
6.9. Summary and Conclusion
6.10. Sardinian
6.11. Friulan, Ladino, Romantsch and Engadinisch
6.12. Dalmatian
6.13. Rumanian
CONCLUSION
Appendix One MENTE IN LATIN
Appendix Two ADJECTIVES WITH MENTE IN LATIN
BIBLIOGRAPHY