Synchronizing 5G Mobile Networks 9780136836193, 9780136836254, 0136836259

Table of contents :
Contents
Foreword
Introduction
Part I: Fundamentals of Synchronization and Timing
Chapter 1. Introduction to Synchronization and Timing
Overview of Time Synchronization
What Is Synchronization and Why Is It Needed?
What Is Time?
How Can GPS Provide Timing and Synchronization?
Accuracy Versus Precision Versus Stability
Summary
References in This Chapter
Chapter 1 Acronyms Key
Further Reading
Chapter 2. Usage of Synchronization and Timing
Use of Synchronization in Telecommunications
Use of Time Synchronization in Finance, Business, and Enterprise
Industrial Uses of Time—Power Industry
Summary
References in This Chapter
Chapter 2 Acronyms Key
Chapter 3. Synchronization and Timing Concepts
Synchronous Networks Overview
Clocks
Sources of Frequency, Phase, and Time
Timing Distribution Network
Consumer of Time and Sync (the End Application)
Summary
References in This Chapter
Chapter 3 Acronyms Key
Further Reading
Part II: SDOs, Clocks, and Timing Protocols
Chapter 4. Standards Development Organizations
International Telecommunication Union
3rd Generation Partnership Project
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
Internet Engineering Task Force
Radio Access Network
MEF Forum
Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers and Audio Engineering Society
Summary
References in This Chapter
Chapter 4 Acronyms Key
Further Reading
Chapter 5. Clocks, Time Error, and Noise
Clocks
Time Error
Holdover Performance
Transient Response
Measuring Time Error
References in This Chapter
Chapter 5 Acronyms Key
Further Reading
Chapter 6. Physical Frequency Synchronization
Evolution of Frequency Synchronization
BITS and SSU
Clocking Hierarchy
Synchronous Ethernet
Enhanced Synchronous Ethernet
Clock Traceability
Synchronization Network Chain
Clock Selection Process
Timing Loops
Standardization
Summary
References in This Chapter
Chapter 6 Acronyms Key
Further Reading
Chapter 7. Precision Time Protocol
History and Overview of PTP
PTP Versus NTP
IEEE 1588-2008 (PTPv2)
PTP Clocks
Profiles
PTP Security
IEEE 1588-2019 (PTPv2.1)
Summary
References in This Chapter
Chapter 7 Acronyms Key
Part III: Standards, Recommendations, and Deployment Considerations
Chapter 8. ITU-T Timing Recommendations
Overview of the ITU
ITU-T Physical and TDM Timing Recommendations
ITU-T Recommendations for Frequency in Packet Networks
ITU-T Packet-Based Timing Recommendations
Possible Future Changes in Recommendations
Summary
References in This Chapter
Chapter 8 Acronyms Key
Further Reading
Chapter 9. PTP Deployment Considerations
Deployment and Usage
Factors Impacting Timing Performance
Parameters for Timing Performance
Clock Performance
Budgeting End-to-End Time Error
Network Holdover
Packet Network Topologies
Packet Transport
Non-Mobile Deployments
Summary
References in This Chapter
Chapter 9 Acronyms Key
Further Reading
Part IV: Timing Requirements, Solutions, and Testing
Chapter 10. Mobile Timing Requirements
Evolution of Cellular Networks
Timing Requirements for Mobility Networks
Timing Requirements for LTE and LTE-A
Evolution of the 5G Architecture
5G New Radio Synchronization Requirements
Summary
References in This Chapter
Chapter 10 Acronyms Key
Further Reading
Chapter 11. 5G Timing Solutions
Deployment Considerations for Mobile Timing
Frequency-Only Deployments
Frequency, Phase, and Time Deployment Options
Midhaul and Fronthaul Timing
Timing Security and MACsec
Summary
References in This Chapter
Chapter 11 Acronyms Key
Further Reading
Chapter 12. Operating and Verifying Timing Solutions
Hardware and Software Solution Requirements
Writing a Request for Proposal
Testing Timing
Automation and Assurance
Troubleshooting and Field Testing
Summary
Conclusion
References in This Chapter
Chapter 12 Acronyms Key
Further Reading