Table of contents : Foreword Introduction Chapter 1. History of Mass Killings School Killings Are Not New A Brief Look at Some Major Incidents Why the History of Shootings and Mass Killings is Important Killers Study Others Chapter 2. The Problem Defined Definition of Active Shooter Active Shooter vs. Shooting Incident Active Threat Who Are the Shooters? Some Characteristics of Active Shooters Active Shooter Statistics Chapter 3. Active Shooter/Killer Prevention Hardening Targets Threat Assessment Reporting Mechanisms Indicators Chapter 4. Your Mind, Adrenalin, and Mindset The OODA Loop Denial Accept that it Can Happen to You Understanding Stress and the Adrenal Response Combat Breathing Situational Awareness Know Your Exits Develop A Survivor’s Mindset Chapter 5. Active Shooter Response Models Active Shooter Response Models Why Another Model? Escape – Deny – Attack Back Active Shooter Triangle vs. Linear Models Chapter 6. Escape to Safety Getting Off the X Movement Saves Lives Playing Dead Recognizing Gunshots How to Tell Where Gun Fire is Coming From Opportunity and Avenue of Escape Look, Listen, and Plan Your Escape Leap Frog Maneuvers Movement Techniques Running Zig Zag vs. Straight Cover vs. Concealment Escaping When in a Crowd Separate Yourself from the Crowd Should You Pull the Fire Alarm? Chapter 7. Deny Access Lock Doors Commercial Lockdown Devices Improvised Lockdown Measures Barricading What to Do After You Lock and Barricade Chapter 8. Attack Back Legalities of Attacking Back Attack Back Attitude Armed and Unarmed Resistance Armed Resistance Armed Resistance Tactics and Considerations Unarmed Resistance Arm Yourself Firearm Familiarization When and How to Attack Back Gun Disarms Defending Against an Edged-Weapon Assault Chapter 9. Stop the Bleeding Terminology Actions Before Approaching the Casualty How to Check the Casualty for Responsiveness Controlling Hemorrhaging Treating Open Chest Wounds (Sucking Chest Wounds) Treatment for Shock Your Personal First Aid/Trauma Kit Chapter 10. When Law Enforcement Arrives Law Enforcement Priorities Call 911! Interacting with Law Enforcement in General Interacting with Law Enforcement When Escaping Interacting with Law Enforcement When Barricaded Interacting with Law Enforcement When You Have Attacked Back and Taken the Intruder’s Firearm Interacting with Law Enforcement When You Have Attacked Back with Your Own Firearm Chapter 11. Develop Your Plan Now Why a Plan Is Important File Not Found The Importance of Multiple Plans Develop Your Plans Visualize Your Plan Practice Your Plan Discuss Your Plan with Loved Ones and Get Them on Board Talking to Kids A Final Message Appendix A: Business Plan Considerations Appendix B: Lawsuits Against Organizations After Active Shooter Events Appendix C: Training Courses Appendix D: Suicide Bomber Threats and Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) Appendix E: Surviving Terrorist Vehicle Attacks Appendix F: Active Shooter Lessons from “The 15:17 To Paris” Resources Acknowledgements About the Author