Surgical Technology: Principles and Practice [8 ed.] 9780323680189

Table of contents :
Front Cover
IFC
SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE
SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE
Copyright
CONTRIBUTORS AND REVIEWERS
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
CONTENTS
1 - SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY PRINCIPLES
1 - SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY: THE PROFESSION AND THE PROFESSIONAL
SHORT HISTORY OF THE PROFESSION
SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION AND CERTIFICATION
REQUIRED SKILLS
AST: THE ASSOCIATION OF SURGICAL TECHNOLOGISTS
CAREERS FOR CERTIFIED SURGICAL TECHNOLOGISTS
BECOMING A HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONAL
PREPARING FOR EMPLOYMENT
KEY CONCEPTS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
CASE STUDIES
2 - COMMUNICATION AND TEAMWORK
WHY STUDY COMMUNICATION?
VERBAL COMMUNICATION
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION WITH PATIENTS
COMMUNICATION FAILURE
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD TEAMWORK
TEAM CONFLICT
TEAM MANAGEMENT
KEY CONCEPTS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
CASE STUDIES
3 - MEDICOLEGAL ASPECTS OF SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY
TYPES OF LAW
FEDERAL LAW
STATE LAW
State Practice Acts
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW AND REGULATIONS
CIVIL LAW
Tort Law
Negligence Tort Negligence is the most common cause of injury in the health care setting. It is defined by The Joint Commission ...
Intentional Tort Intentional tort is intentional wrongdoing that results in injury or harm to another person. Examples are as fo...
Medical Malpractice Malpractice is also part of civil law. It is defined by TJC as “improper or unethical conduct or unreasonabl...
CRIMINAL LAW
COMMON LAW
CORPORATE LAW
FACILITY STANDARDS AND POLICIES
STANDARDS OF PRACTICE, POSITION STATEMENTS, AND CODES OF CONDUCT
STANDARDS OF PRACTICE
POSITION STATEMENT
CODE OF CONDUCT
RIGHT TO PRACTICE
CERTIFICATION
LICENSURE
REGISTRATION
COMMON ACTS OF NEGLIGENCE IN THE PERIOPERATIVE SETTING
UNINTENDED RETAINED FOREIGN OBJECTS
BURNS
FALLS
INCORRECT PATIENT POSITIONING
OPERATING ON THE WRONG PATIENT OR WRONG SITE
INCORRECT IDENTIFICATION OR LOSS OF A SPECIMEN
MEDICATION ERRORS
ABANDONMENT
FAILURE TO COMMUNICATE AND MISCOMMUNICATION
LOSS OF OR DAMAGE TO THE PATIENT’S PROPERTY
NEGLIGENT DELEGATION
ABUSE AND DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOR IN THE OPERATING ROOM
DEFINING THE BEHAVIORS
Bullying
Sexual Harassment
Disruptive Behavior
EFFECTS OF WORKPLACE ABUSE
PREVENTION
MORE INFORMATION
INCIDENTS IN THE HEALTH CARE SETTING
HOW TO REPORT AN INCIDENT
SENTINEL EVENTS
HOW TO WRITE AN INCIDENT REPORT
WHISTLEBLOWING
RISK MANAGEMENT
LEGAL DOCUMENTS
HEALTH INSURANCE PORTABILITY AND PRIVACY ACT (HIPPA)
GUIDELINES FOR DOCUMENTATION
MEDICAL RECORDS AND DOCUMENTS
PATIENT MEDICAL RECORD
INFORMED CONSENT
Witness to the Consent
INTRAOPERATIVE RECORD
ANESTHESIA RECORD
PATIENT CHARGES
BIRTH AND DEATH CERTIFICATES
SPECIMEN AND PATHOLOGY RECORDS
ADVANCE HEALTH CARE DIRECTIVE
Organ Donation
Refusal of Blood or Tissue Products
Medical Power of Attorney
CIVIL LAWSUITS
LIABILITY INSURANCE
PATIENTS’ RIGHTS
KEY CONCEPTS
4 - HEALTH CARE FACILITY STRUCTURE AND ENVIRONMENT
STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
ALIGNMENT OF TERMINOLOGY
ACCREDITATION
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATING ROOM DESIGN
SURGICAL SUITE
WORK AREAS
TYPES OF AMBULATORY FACILITIES
OUTPATIENT FACILITY DESIGN
REGULATION AND ACCREDITATION OF AMBULATORY SURGICAL FACILITIES
COMPARISON OF THE AMBULATORY SURGERY CENTER AND HOSPITAL-BASEDOPERATING ROOMS
TEAM APPROACH TO PATIENT CARE
HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS
HEALTH CARE FINANCING
MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
STAFF ROLES
REVIEW QUESTIONS
CASE STUDIES
5 - SUPPORTING THE PSYCHOSOCIAL NEEDS OF THE PATIENT
BASIC HUMAN NEEDS
SUPPORTIVE PATIENT CARE
SPIRITUAL NEEDS OF THE PATIENT
KEY CONCEPTS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
SCASE STUDIES
6 - DIAGNOSTIC AND ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES
CONCEPTS RELATED TO PATHOLOGY
VITAL SIGNS
TEMPERATURE
Methods of Measuring Temperature
Use of Thermometers
MEASURING THE PULSE
RESPIRATION
BLOOD PRESSURE
Factors That Affect Blood Pressure
Procedure for Taking Blood Pressure
How to use a Manual Sphygmomanometer
OXYGEN SATURATION
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY
IMAGING PROCEDURES
RADIOLOGY
Standard Radiography
Contrast Radiography
Digital and Computed Radiography
FLUOROSCOPY
Mobile C-
O-
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY
ULTRASOUND
BLOOD TESTS
COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT
METABOLIC PANEL
COAGULATION TESTS
ARTERIAL BLOOD GASES
ABO GROUPS
ELECTROLYTES
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium
URINALYSIS
MICROBIOLOGICAL STUDIES
PATHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF TISSUE
TISSUE BIOPSY
CANCER TERMS AND CONCEPTS
DEFINITIONS
COMPARISON OF MALIGNANT AND BENIGN TUMORS
EFFECTS OF MALIGNANCY ON THE BODY
DIAGNOSTIC METHODS
Tumor Markers
Biopsy
Tumor Staging
CANCER PREVENTION AND SCREENING
NUCLEAR MEDICINE
RADIATION THERAPY
Historical Highlights
7 - ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS
RISK AND SAFETY
HUMAN AND TECHNICAL FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO RISK
SAFETY STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
FIRE
OXYGEN
FUELS
Alcohol
Rubber and Plastics
Intestinal Gas
SOURCES OF IGNITION
PATIENT FIRE IN THE OPERATING ROOM
WHAT TO DO IN A FIRE
RACE
EXTINGUISHERS
FIRE PREVENTION
COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDERS
GAS CYLINDER HAZARDS
PREVENTING CYLINDER ACCIDENTS
ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
HOW TO PREVENT ELECTRICAL ACCIDENTS
IONIZING RADIATION
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS DURING THE USE OF IONIZING RADIATION
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
TOXIC CHEMICALS
EXPOSURE
PREVENTION
SMOKE PLUME
STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
LATEX ALLERGY
PREVENTION AND RISK REDUCTION
MUSCULOSKELETAL RISKS
RISK PREVENTION
BODY MECHANICS
KEY CONCEPTS
8 - MICROBES AND THE PROCESS OF INFECTION
CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS
BINOMIAL SYSTEM
CELL AND ITS COMPONENTS
CELLS OF EUKARYOTES (COMPLEX ORGANISMS)
Organelles
CELLS OF PROKARYOTES (MICROBES)
CELL TRANSPORT AND ABSORPTION
TOOLS FOR IDENTIFYING MICROBES
Culture
Staining
Microscopy
Parts of a Microscope A biological microscope has one or two eyepieces, a series of lenses, a light source, focus adjustment, an...
Use of the Microscope Using a microscope properly requires “hands-
MICROBES IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Chain of Infection
Presence of an Infectious Agent For microbes to cause an infection, the agent must be present in the host environment
Reservoir The reservoir for a microbe is its normal habitat where it lives and proliferates. For example, the human body is a re...
Exit Portal The exit portal refers to the way in which an organism leaves the body. For microbes to infect more than one individ...
Method of Transmission Once an infectious microbe leaves one host, it must have a means of transmission. The following are metho...
Portal of Entry For a microbe to cause disease, it must first enter the body. The entry site is called the portal of entry. Exam...
Susceptible Host The final link in the chain of infection is a susceptible host. The infectious microbe cannot continue to proli...
PHASES OF INFECTION
HOSPITAL-
SURGICAL SITE INFECTION
Treatment
Isolation
DISEASE PREVENTION
MICROORGANISMS AND THE DISEASES THEY CAUSE
BACTERIA
Structure
Motility
Environmental and Nutrient Requirements
Reproduction
Bacterial Growth
Pathogenicity
Staphylococcus Aureus S. aureus is the most widespread cause of surgical site infections. It normally resides on healthy skin, b...
Staphylococcus Epidermidis S. epidermidis is a normal resident of the skin. However, it can cause infection in other parts of th...
Streptococcus Pyogenes Many HAIs are caused by S. pyogenes (a group A beta-
Streptococcus Pneumoniae S. pneumoniae is the primary cause of pneumonia and otitis media (middle ear infection). This pathogen ...
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease spread from person to person by direct contact with N. gonorrh...
Neisseria Meningitidis Bacterial meningitis is a highly contagious infection of the meninges, which cover the brain and spinal c...
Bordetella Pertussis B. pertussis is a bacterium that causes whooping cough, a life-
Enteric Bacteria The enteric bacteria are also gram-
Escherichia ColI E. coli are resident bacteria of the gastrointestinal tract. Postoperative infection caused by this bacterium o...
Salmonella Enterica S. enterica is a common cause of food poisoning (acute gastroenteritis). The bacterial infection is spread f...
Salmonella Typhi As mentioned previously, the bacteria S. typhi causes the disease typhoid. The infection is spread via contamin...
Spore-
Clostridium Perfringens C. perfringens is an anaerobic bacterium that causes rapid tissue death in deep wounds deprived of oxyge...
Clostridium Tetani C. tetani is the causative bacteria of tetanus, a disease of the nervous system. C. tetani bacterium is an an...
Clostridium Difficile C. difficile is a spore-
Mycobacterial Infections
Rickettsiae Rickettsiae are a type of bacteria carried by specific species of ticks, mites, and fleas. The insect transmits the ...
Multidrug-
Methicillin-
Vancomycin-
Vancomycin-
Multidrug-
Miscellaneous Bacterial Pathogens
VIRUSES
Classification
Morphology
Replication and Transmission
Pathogenicity
†Associated with human herpesvirus 8, an independently transmitted agent; 300 times more common in AIDS than in other immunodefi...
Human Papillomavirus — HPV is a potentially cancer-
Miscellaneous Pathogenic Viruses This group of viruses and the diseases they cause are of public health concern but are not nece...
Prions The prion (a proteinaceous, infectious particle) is a unique pathogenic substance. It is a protein particle that contains...
FUNGI
Characteristics
Identification
Reproduction
Transmission to Humans
Pathogenicity
Candida Albicans C. albicans is a common opportunistic infection. It is a normal resident of the mouth, vagina, and intestine. H...
Pneumocystis Jiroveci Infection with P. jiroveci (formerly known as P. carinii) is widespread in the general population but usua...
Cutaneous Mycoses Superficial fungal infections invade the superficial layers of the skin. The filaments of the fungus spread in...
PROTOZOA
Characteristics
Mobility
Pathogenicity
ALGAE
IMMUNITY
INNATE IMMUNITY
Chemical and Mechanical Body Defenses
ADAPTIVE IMMUNE SYSTEM
ACTIVE IMMUNITY
PASSIVE IMMUNITY
VACCINES
HYPERSENSITIVITY
ALLERGY
Immediate and Delayed Reaction
Autoimmunity
KEY CONCEPTS
9 - STERILE TECHNIQUE AND INFECTION CONTROL
PRACTICE GUIDELINES
IMPORTANT TERMS RELATED TO STERILE TECHNIQUE
FUNCTIONAL ZONES OF THE OPERATING ROOM
OPERATING ROOM ENVIRONMENT: HVAC
PERSONAL CLEANLINESS
PURPOSE
SCRUB SUIT
HEAD COVERING
PROTECTIVE EYEWEAR AND FACE SHIELDS
SURGICAL MASK
LAB COATS AND COVER GOWNS
INTRODUCTION TO SURGICAL HAND ANTISEPSIS
LAUNDERING SURGICAL ATTIRE
DRYING THE HANDS
UNASSISTED GOWNING
CLOSED (UNASSISTED) GLOVING
OPEN GLOVING
OPENING A SURGICAL CASE
CREATING THE STERILE FIELD
COVERING THE STERILE SETUP
STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
KEY CONCEPTS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
10 - DECONTAMINATION, STERILIZATION, AND DISINFECTION
PRINCIPLES OF DECONTAMINATION, STERILIZATION, AND DISINFECTION
IMPORTANT TERMS
SPAULDING CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
STERILE PROCESSING DEPARTMENT
QUALITY CONTROL MONITORING
REPROCESSING SINGLE-
REPOSABLE INSTRUMENTS
LOANER INSTRUMENTS
REPROCESSING CYCLE
CLEANING AT THE POINT OF USE
CLOSE OF SURGERY
TRANSPORT OF SOILED INSTRUMENTS TO DECONTAMINATION AREA
INSTRUMENT CLEANING AND DECONTAMINATION
DECONTAMINATION ATTIRE (PPE)
SORTING INSTRUMENTS
HAND CLEANING THE INSTRUMENTS
ULTRASONIC CLEANING
WASHER-
SPECIAL HANDLING OF OPHTHALMIC INSTRUMENTS
INSTRUMENTS EXPOSED TO PRION DISEASE
SORTING AND INSPECTION
ASSEMBLING INSTRUMENT SETS
PACKAGING SYSTEMS USED IN STERILIZATION
QUALITIES AND TYPES OF WRAPPING SYSTEMS
Cloth Wrappers
Single-
Peel Pouch
Closed Sterilization Containers
WRAPPING METHODS USING CLOTH AND SYNTHETIC MATERIALS
EQUIPMENT TRACKING
STERILIZATION
MONITORING THE STERILIZATION PROCESS
MECHANICAL MONITORING
CHEMICAL INDICATORS
BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS
AIR DETECTION
STEAM STERILIZATION
PARAMETERS FOR STEAM STERILIZATION
WATER QUALITY
CORRECT LOADING OF A LARGE-
PHASES OF STEAM STERILIZATION
IMMEDIATE-
AAMI RECOMMENDED PRACTICES FOR IMMEDIATE-
REMOVING ITEMS FROM THE IMMEDIATE-
ETHYLENE OXIDE STERILIZATION
ETHYLENE OXIDE STERILIZATION SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
PREPARATION OF ITEMS FOR GAS STERILIZATION
ETHYLENE OXIDE LOADING AND STERILIZATION
VAPORIZED HYDROGEN PEROXIDE STERILIZATION
LIQUID PERACETIC ACID STERILIZATION
OZONE STERILIZATION
COBALT-
STORAGE OF WRAPPED STERILE GOODS
DISINFECTION
ENVIRONMENTAL DISINFECTANTS
USE OF CHEMICAL DISINFECTANTS
DISINFECTANT SAFETY
CHEMICAL DISINFECTANTS FOR MEDICAL DEVICES
GLUTARALDEHYDE
ORTHO-
PHENOLICS
QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS
HYPOCHLORITE
ALCOHOL
ENVIRONMENTAL CLEANING
ROUTINE DECONTAMINATION OF THE SURGICAL SUITE
Before the Workday
During Surgery
Environmental Cleaning After Surgery
Terminal Cleaning
KEY CONCEPTS
11 - SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS
INTRODUCTION
INSTRUMENT MANUFACTURING
INSTRUMENT GRADES
INSTRUMENT FINISHES
INSTRUMENT NAMES
COMMON TYPES OF INSTRUMENTS BY FUNCTION
CUTTING INSTRUMENTS
CLAMPING AND OCCLUDING
GRASPING AND HOLDING
RETRACTION/VIEWING INSTRUMENTS
ASPIRATING/SUCTIONING INSTRUMENTS
SUTURING INSTRUMENTS
STAPLING INSTRUMENTS
DILATING INSTRUMENTS
PROBING INSTRUMENTS
ACCESSORY INSTRUMENTS
MICROINSTRUMENTS
USE OF INSTRUMENTS BY TISSUE TYPE
SKIN
VISCERAL SEROSA
LUNG, SPLEEN, LIVER, AND THYROID
PERITONEUM
ADIPOSE TISSUE
MUSCLE
BONE
CARTILAGE, TENDON, AND FASCIA
PASSING SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS DURING SURGERY
SPECIFIC INSTRUMENT TECHNIQUES
Knives and Scalpels
Tissue Forceps
Scissors
Clamp
Retractor
Needle Holder
TROUBLESHOOTING SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS
SCISSORS
HEMOSTATIC CLAMP
RONGEUR
NEEDLE HOLDER
KEY CONCEPTS
12 - PERIOPERATIVE PHARMACOLOGY
SECTION I: PHARMACOLOGY BASICS
SOURCES OF DRUGS
DRUG INFORMATION RESOURCES
REGULATION OF DRUGS, SUBSTANCES, AND DEVICES
PRESCRIPTION AND OVER-
HERBAL REMEDIES AND FOOD SUPPLEMENTS
CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES
PREGNANCY CATEGORIES
DRUG NOMENCLATURE
GENERIC NAME
TRADE (PROPRIETARY) NAME
CHEMICAL NAME
DRUG LABELS
DRUG FORMATS
HOW DRUGS WORK
PHARMACOKINETICS
PHARMACODYNAMICS
UNIT SYSTEMS OF MEASUREMENT
METRIC SYSTEM
APOTHECARY SYSTEM
INTERNATIONAL UNIT
ROMAN NUMERALS
INTERNATIONAL TIME
DEVICES FOR DRUG PREPARATION AND DELIVERY
SYRINGES
Historical Highlights
NEEDLES
DISPENSERS, TUBING, AND PUMPS
DRUG PACKAGING
SECTION II: THE MEDICATION PROCESS
PRESCRIPTIONS AND DRUG ORDERS
SELECTION OF DRUGS
DRUG PREPARATION AND TRANSFER TO THE SURGICAL FIELD
PREPARING DRUGS ON THE STERILE FIELD
LABELING
MEASURING AND MIXING DRUGS ON THE STERILE FIELD
TRANSFERRING A DRUG TO THE SURGEON
DRUG ADMINISTRATION
ASSESSMENT
Adverse Reaction to a Drug
Drug Allergy
DOCUMENTATION
SECTION III: PREVENTING DRUG ERRORS
DRUG RIGHTS
THE SEVEN RIGHTS
“DO NOT USE” ABBREVIATIONS
LOOK-
HIGH-
SECTION IV: SURGICAL DRUGS
LOCAL ANESTHETICS
BLOOD AND BLOOD DERIVATIVES
TYPES OF BLOOD PRODUCTS
HEMOSTATIC AGENTS
PHYSIOLOGY OF COAGULATION
ACTIVE HEMOSTATS
MECHANICAL HEMOSTAT
ABSORBABLE GELATIN
OXIDIZED CELLULOSE
COLLAGEN ABSORBABLE HEMOSTAT
BONE HEMOSTAT
FLOWABLE HEMOSTATS AND SEALANTS
ANTICOAGULANTS AND THROMBOLYTICS
HEPARINS
WARFARIN (COUMADIN)
THROMBOLYTICS
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AGENTS
ANESTHETICS
Inhalation Anesthetics
NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING AGENTS
ANALGESICS
OPIATES
NON-
SEDATIVES AND HYPNOTICS
DISSOCIATIVE ANESTHESIA
BARBITURATES
BENZODIAZEPINES
CONTRAST MEDIA
COLORED DYES AND STAINS
ANTIINFECTIVE AGENTS
PENICILLIN
CEPHALOSPORINS
MACROLIDES
LINCOSAMIDES, VANCOMYCIN, AND KETOLIDES
TETRACYCLINE
AMINOGLYCOSIDES
QUINOLONES
SULFONAMIDES
ANTIFUNGALS
ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS
DRUGS THAT AFFECT THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
ANTICHOLINERGICS
ADRENERGICS
FLUID BALANCE AND ELECTROLYTES
CRYSTALLOIDS
COLLOIDS
IRRIGATION FLUIDS
CARDIAC DRUGS
DIURETICS
GASTROINTESTINAL DRUGS
HISTAMINE-
ANTACIDS
ANTIEMETIC AGENTS
HORMONES AND SYNTHETIC SUBSTITUTES
CORTICOSTEROIDS
ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS
PROSTAGLANDINS
DRUGS USED IN OBSTETRICS
GONADAL STEROIDS
EMERGENCY DRUGS
KEY CONCEPTS
13 - ANESTHESIA, PHYSIOLOGICAL MONITORING, AND POSTANESTHESIA RECOVERY
PART I: ANESTHESIA
ANESTHESIA CONCEPTS
ANESTHESIA PERSONNEL
ANESTHESIA PROVIDER
CERTIFIED ANESTHESIA ASSISTANT
CERTIFIED ANESTHESIA TECHNOLOGIST
PREOPERATIVE PATIENT ASSESSMENT
ANESTHESIA CLASSIFICATION
MEDICATIONS AND ALLERGIES
PREVIOUS ANESTHESIA
AIRWAY EVALUATION
Mallampati Assessment and Score
MUSCULOSKELETAL ASSESSMENT
NEUROLOGICAL STATUS
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL STATUS
SOCIAL ASSESSMENT
PREOPERATIVE INVESTIGATIONS
TYPE AND METHOD OF ANESTHESIA
PATIENT PREPARATION: ONE DAY BEFORE SURGERY
MEDICATION
PERSONAL HYGIENE
MAKEUP
BOWEL PREP
ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, AND RECREATIONAL DRUGS
PREOPERATIVE FASTING
IMMEDIATE PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION OF THE PATIENT
PREOPERATIVE VERIFICATION
Historical Highlights
SELECTIVE PREOPERATIVE MEDICATION
GENERAL ANESTHESIA
ANESTHESIA EQUIPMENT AND DEVICES
ANESTHESIA WORKSTATION
SCAVENGING SYSTEM
DRUG AND EQUIPMENT CARTS
MEDICAL GASES
SODA LIME CANISTER
AIRWAY DEVICES
ANESTHESIA MASK
ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE
LARYNGOSCOPE AND ACCESSORIES
LARYNGEAL MASK
OROPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY
NASOPHARYNGEAL AIRWAY
AIRWAY TUBING
OXYGEN MASK AND CANNULAS
CARE OF ARTIFICIAL AIRWAYS AND VENTILATION SYSTEMS
STAGES OF GENERAL ANESTHESIA
PRE-
INDUCTION
ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION
Manipulation of the Larynx
MAINTENANCE
NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKADE (“MUSCLE RELAXATION”)
EMERGENCE
RECOVERY
PHYSIOLOGICAL MONITORING DURING SURGERY
VENTILATION, OXYGENATION, AND PERFUSION
FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE
CIRCULATORY FUNCTION AND PERFUSION
RENAL FUNCTION
BODY TEMPERATURE
Maintaining Normothermia
Deliberate Hypothermia
Methods of Producing Hypothermia
NEUROMUSCULAR RESPONSE
LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS
PROCEDURAL SEDATION
LEVELS OF SEDATION
CLARIFICATION: MAC AND MODERATE SEDATION
DISSOCIATIVE ANESTHESIA
HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
REGIONAL ANESTHESIA
DRUG DOSAGE
TOPICAL ANESTHESIA
LOCAL INFILTRATION
Role of the Surgical Technologist in Local Filtration
Risks The ST’s responsibilities during local infiltration are very specific and are carried out using strict standards. Anesthet...
PERIPHERAL NERVE BLOCK
INTRAVENOUS (BIER) BLOCK
Role of the Surgical Technologist
SPINAL ANESTHESIA
Patient Preparation
Procedure
Role of the Surgical Technologist
Risks of Spinal Anesthesia
EPIDURAL AND CAUDAL BLOCK
Procedure
Risks Associated With Epidural Anesthesia In contrast to spinal anesthesia, epidural anesthesia requires a much larger amount of...
EMERGENCIES
REGIONAL DRUG TOXICITY AND ALLERGIC RESPONSE
Central Nervous System Toxicity
Cardiovascular System Toxicity
Allergic Reaction
CARDIOPULMONARY ARREST
DIFFICULT AIRWAY
AIRWAY EMERGENCY
Emergency Response
LARYNGOSPASM
ANAPHYLAXIS
SHOCK
Types of Shock
Emergency Response
MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA
Emergency Response
SEVERE HEMORRHAGE
Emergency Response
HEMOLYTIC REACTION
DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS
PART II: POSTANESTHESIA CARE UNIT (PACU)
DESCRIPTION OF THE PACU FACILITY
PACU PROCEDURES
ADMISSION
HANDOVER (HAND-
PATIENT ASSESSMENT AND CARE
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
CIRCULATION
TEMPERATURE
ABDOMEN
FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE
NEUROLOGICAL FUNCTION (LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS)
RENAL FUNCTION
WOUND ASSESSMENT
CATHETERS AND TUBING
PSYCHOSOCIAL
POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
PAIN
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Airway Obstruction
Aspiration
Atelectasis
Pulmonary Embolism
CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS
Hemorrhage
HYPOTHERMIA
MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA
NAUSEA AND VOMITING
ALTERATIONS OF CONSCIOUSNESS
ELEMENTS OF DISCHARGE PLANNING
DISCHARGE CRITERIA
GENERAL PLANNING
Physiological Criteria
Psychosocial Status
Transport
Home Nursing Care
Patient Education
UNANTICIPATED PACU OUTCOME
FAILURE TO MEET DISCHARGE CRITERIA
DISCHARGE AGAINST MEDICAL ADVICE
DEATH IN THE PACU
KEY CONCEPTS
14 - DEATH AND DYING
DEFINING THE END OF LIFE
CAUSE OF DEATH
MODELS OF DEATH AND DYING
SUPPORT AND COMFORT FOR THE DYING AND BEREAVED PATIENT
FAMILY
SUDDEN, UNEXPECTED DEATH
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN DEATH AND DYING
SELF-
RIGHT TO DIE
ADVANCE HEALTH CARE DIRECTIVES
CONFLICTS IN PALLIATIVE CARE
CULTURAL RESPONSES TO DEATH AND DYING
SPIRITUAL AND RELIGIOUS CONCEPTS
DEATH IN THE CLINICAL SETTING
DETERMINATION OF DEATH
POSTMORTEM CARE
NATURAL CHANGES IN THE BODY AFTER DEATH
GENERAL POSTMORTEM PROCEDURES
CORONER’S CASES
ORGAN RECOVERY
Permission for Recovery
Protocols
Medical Criteria for Tissue Recovery
Heart-
Non–Heart-
Controlled Organ Donation After Death
Ethical Dilemmas in Organ Recovery
HEALTH PROFESSIONALS CONFRONTING DEATH
Key Concepts
15 - ENERGY SOURCES IN SURGERY
REVIEW OF ELECTRICITY
FREE ELECTRONS
CONDUCTION AND CIRCUITS
CURRENT AND IMPEDANCE
VOLTAGE
ELECTROSURGERY
EFFECTS OF ELECTROSURGERY ON TISSUES
ELECTROSURGERY COMPONENTS AND THEIR USE
POWER GENERATOR
Generator Safety
ESU HANDPIECE AND ACTIVE ELECTRODE
Coagulation
Cutting Mode
Active Electrode Safety
SMOKE PLUME
Smoke Evacuation System
PATIENT RETURN ELECTRODE USED IN MONOPOLAR ESU
Patient Return (Dispersive) Electrode Safety
BIPOLAR ESU
FULGURATION
ELECTROSURGICAL BIPOLAR VESSEL SEALING
ARGON-
RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION
ELECTROSURGERY IN MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY
CAPACITIVE COUPLING
DIRECT COUPLING
ULTRASONIC ENERGY
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
ULTRASONIC ABLATION
CRYOSURGERY
LASER SURGERY
LASER STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS
HOW LASERS WORK
LASER COMPONENTS
EFFECTS OF LASERS
LASER MEDIA
Argon (Gas)
Carbon Dioxide (Gas)
Holmium:YAG (Solid)
Neodymium:YAG (Solid)
Ruby and Alexandrite (Solid)
Potassium-
Excimer (Gas)
Tunable Dye (Solid)
LASER SAFETY
LASER CLASSIFICATION
PRECAUTIONS AND GUIDELINES
EYE SAFETY
SKIN PROTECTION
AIRWAY PROTECTION
Key Concepts
16 - MOVING, HANDLING, AND POSITIONING THE SURGICAL PATIENT
SECTION I: TRANSPORT AND TRANSFERS
PATIENT IDENTIFICATION
EXAMPLES OF VERBAL PATIENT IDENTIFICATION
SAFETY FIRST
COMMUNICATION AND TEAMWORK COUNT
TRANSPORT BY GURNEY
BED TO GURNEY: BRINGING A PATIENT TO THE OPERATING ROOM
PERFORMING ASSISTED LATERAL TRANSFERS
PERFORMING THE LOG ROLL AND ASSISTED LATERAL TRANSFER
WHEELCHAIR TRANSFER AND TRANSPORT
SAFETY GUIDELINES FOR WHEELCHAIR TRANSPORT
ASSISTING A PATIENT FROM BED TO WHEELCHAIR
SITTING TO STANDING POSITION
STANDING POSITION TO WHEELCHAIR
WHEELCHAIR TO BED
ASSISTING AN AMBULATORY PATIENT
ASSISTING A FALLING PATIENT
SPECIAL PATIENT POPULATIONS
PEDIATRIC PATIENTS
HEARING-
BARIATRIC PATIENTS
Moving and Handling the Bariatric Patient
PATIENTS IN POLICE CUSTODY
SECTION II: POSITIONING THE SURGICAL PATIENT
PRINCIPLES OF SAFE POSITIONING
ROLE OF THE SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIST IN POSITIONING
PATIENT SAFETY DURING POSITIONING
NORMAL RANGE OF MOTION
POTENTIAL PATIENT INJURIES
DECUBITUS ULCER
SHEARING INJURY
MUSCULOSKELETAL AND COMPRESSION INJURY
EYE AND EAR INJURY
PHYSIOLOGICAL ALTERATION
THROMBOSIS AND EMBOLISM
GENERAL OPERATING TABLE
POSITIONING AIDS
SURGICAL POSITIONS
SUPINE (DORSAL RECUMBENT)
TRENDELENBURG
REVERSE TRENDELENBURG
LITHOTOMY
FOWLER AND MODIFIED FOWLER
LATERAL DECUBITUS
PRONE
JACKKNIFE (KRASKE) POSITION
SPINAL TABLE
ORTHOPEDIC TABLE
Key Concepts
17 -
SURGICAL SKIN PREPARATION AND DRAPING
PURPOSE OF THE SURGICAL SKIN PREP
HAIR REMOVAL
PREOPERATIVE SKIN MARKING
URINARY CATHETERIZATION
SUPPLIES
PROCEDURE FOR CATHETERIZATION
Technique
Patient Safety
PREOPERATIVE PREPPING AGENTS
70% ALCOHOL
CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE
IODOPHOR
PRINCIPLES OF THE SURGICAL SKIN PREP
SKIN PREP SAFETY
EXTREME RISK OF FIRE USING ALCOHOL PREPPING AGENTS
BASIC SKIN PREP SUPPLIES
PREPARATION
Multiple Prep Sites
Use and Disposal of Non–X-
GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR THE PREP
SINGLE-
EYE
SUPPLIES
Technique
EAR
SUPPLIES
TECHNIQUE
FACE
SUPPLIES
TECHNIQUE
NECK
TECHNIQUE
BREAST
Technique
SHOULDER
TECHNIQUE
ARM
TECHNIQUE
HAND
SUPPLIES
TECHNIQUE
ABDOMEN
TECHNIQUE
FLANK AND BACK
TECHNIQUE
VULVA, PERINEUM, AND VAGINA
TECHNIQUE
MALE GENITALIA
SUPPLIES
TECHNIQUE
PERIANAL AREA
TECHNIQUE
LEG AND FOOT
TECHNIQUE
TRAUMA AND DEBRIDEMENT PROCEDURE
AUTOGRAFT
CARDIOVASCULAR PREP
SECTION II: DRAPING THE SURGICAL SITE
PRINCIPLES
LEARNING TO DRAPE
DRAPING FABRICS AND MATERIALS
TYPES OF DRAPES
SURGICAL TOWELS
PLAIN SHEET
FENESTRATED DRAPE
SPLIT AND U-
INCISE DRAPE
LAPAROTOMY DRAPE
FLUID POUCH
PERINEAL DRAPE AND LEGGINGS
ROLLED STOCKINET
SHOULDER DRAPE
THYROID DRAPE
ENT DRAPE
EYE OR EAR DRAPE
CRANIOTOMY DRAPE
TECHNIQUES USED IN DRAPING
ABDOMEN
DRAPES REQUIRED
TECHNIQUE
LITHOTOMY (PERINEAL) DRAPING
DRAPES REQUIRED
Technique
LEG/HIP
DRAPES REQUIRED
Technique
KNEE
HAND
DRAPES REQUIRED
Technique
SHOULDER
DRAPES REQUIRED
Technique
FACE
DRAPES REQUIRED
TECHNIQUE
EYE
DRAPES REQUIRED
TECHNIQUE
CRANIOTOMY
DRAPES REQUIRED
TECHNIQUE
DRAPING EQUIPMENT
REMOVING DRAPES
18 - SURGICAL SKILLS I: PLANNING A CASE, OPENING, AND START OF SURGERY
SURGICAL TERMS
SURGICAL CASE PLAN
ELEMENTS OF A CASE PLAN
TYPES OF SURGERY BY OBJECTIVE
UNDERSTANDING THE NAME OF THE SURGICAL PROCEDURE
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE
Questions for Planning
REPAIR
Questions for Planning
REMOVAL
Questions for Planning
RECONSTRUCTION
Questions for Planning
IMPLANT SURGERY
PLANNING FOR IMPLANT SURGERY
SYNTHETIC IMPLANTS
IMPLANT MATERIALS
TISSUE GRAFTS
SKIN GRAFT
PORCINE DERMIS
AMNIOTIC MEMBRANE AND UMBILICAL CORD
ENGINEERED SKIN SUBSTITUTES
BONE GRAFT
PREOPERATIVE CASE PREPARATION
SURGICAL SCHEDULE
SUPPLIES AND INSTRUMENTS
SURGEON’S PREFERENCE CARD
NONSTERILE ROOM PREPARATION
OPENING A CASE
RECEIVING THE PATIENT
STERILE SETUP
ORDER OF USE
SUTURE PREPARATION
Methods of Organizing Sutures on the Mayo
ORGANIZING THE INSTRUMENTS
MAYO SETUP
SOLUTIONS AND DRUGS
COMPLETING THE SETUP
SURGICAL COUNT
RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE COUNT
WHEN TO PERFORM THE COUNT
PROCEDURE FOR THE COUNT
INCORRECT COUNT: PACKAGED ITEMS
COUNTING SYSTEMS
WAIVED COUNTS DURING A SURGICAL EMERGENCY
HOW TO DOCUMENT THE SURGICAL COUNT
LOST AND RETAINED ITEMS
How Items Are Lost
HOW TO SEARCH FOR A LOST ITEM
PREVENTING RETAINED ITEMS
START OF SURGERY
UNIVERSAL PROTOCOL (TIMEOUT)
SITE MARKING
KEY CONCEPTS
19 - SURGICAL SKILLS II: INTRAOPERATIVE AND IMMEDIATE POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD
HALSTEAD’S PRINCIPLES OF SURGERY
INTRAOPERATIVE ROLE OF THE SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIST
SKIN MARKING AND THE INCISION
NEUTRAL SHARPS ZONE
EXTENDING THE INCISION
PACKING THE SURGICAL WOUND
RETRACTION
RETRACTION TECHNIQUE
WOUND IRRIGATION
HEMOSTASIS DURING SURGERY
METHODS OF HEMOSTASIS
Direct Pressure
Clamps
Electrosurgical Coagulation
Ultrasonic Coagulation
Ligature
Hemostatic Agents
MANAGEMENT OF SURGICAL SPONGES DURING SURGERY
RAYTEC 4 X 4 SPONGE
LAPAROTOMY SPONGE
SPONGE DISSECTOR
ROUND STRING SPONGE
FLAT NEUROSURGICAL SPONGES
MANAGEMENT OF THE STERILE FIELD
MANAGEMENT OF SURGICAL SPECIMENS
STANDARDS
CULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS
PREPARATION FOR RECEIVING SPECIMENS
HANDLING SPECIMENS ON THE FIELD
PRESERVATIVES, CONTAINERS, AND LABELING
PREPARATION FOR TRANSPORT TO PATHOLOGY
DOCUMENTATION
TISSUE BIOPSY
FROZEN SECTION
STONES
AMPUTATED LIMB
CELLS (CYTOLOGY)
PRODUCTS OF CONCEPTION
FORENSIC SPECIMENS
MEDICAL DEVICES
CULTURES
BODY FLUIDS
MUSCLE BIOPSY
CORD BLOOD, UMBILICAL CORD, AND PLACENTA
RADIOACTIVE SPECIMENS
AUTOLOGOUS TISSUE FOR IMPLANTATION
Contaminated Autologous Graft
SUTURES
MODERN TISSUE CLOSURE TECHNOLOGY
STUDYING AND LEARNING SUTURES
PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF SUTURES
SUTURE SIZE
CHARACTERISTICS OF SUTURES
Tensile Strength
Uniformity (A Quality Control Factor)
Capillary Action (Wicking)
HANDLING QUALITIES
Compliance (Pliability)
Memory
Plasticity
BIOACTIVITY
ABSORBABILITY
SELECTION OF SUTURE
SURGICAL NEEDLES
SWAGED (ATRAUMATIC) SUTURE
EYED NEEDLES
NEEDLE SHAPE AND SIZE
NEEDLE POINT
SUTURE STORAGE, PACKAGING, AND DISPENSING
PACKAGING
PRESENTATION
SUTURING AND LIGATION TECHNIQUES
CONTINUOUS SUTURE
LOCKING STITCH
BARBED SUTURE
SUBCUTICULAR SUTURE
PURSE-
INTERRUPTED SUTURE TECHNIQUE
RETENTION SUTURES
FREE TIES AND REELS
SUTURE LIGATURE
TIE ON A PASSER
TRACTION SUTURES AND TAGS
INTRAOPERATIVE SUTURE MANAGEMENT
SUTURING INSTRUMENTS
PASSING SUTURES
RAPID-
THREADING EYED NEEDLES
HOW TO CUT SUTURES
REMOVING EMBEDDED SUTURES
VESSEL CLIPS AND STAPLES
WOUND DRAINAGE
PASSIVE DRAIN
SUCTION DRAINS
WATER-
STOMA POUCH
DRESSINGS
FLAT DRESSING
ROLLED DRESSING
PACKING
TAPE
WOUND CLOSURE AND THE COMPLETION OF SURGERY
FINAL COUNT
DRESSINGS
WITHDRAWAL OF ANESTHESIA
POSTOPERATIVE TEAM DEBRIEFING
PATIENT TRANSFER
DOCUMENTATION AND SIGNATURES
DISPOSITION OF THE SPECIMEN
WOUND HEALING AND COMPLICATIONS
CLASSIFICATION OF SURGICAL WOUNDS
PROCESS OF WOUND HEALING
INFLAMMATORY PHASE
PROLIFERATIVE PHASE
REMODELING STAGE
WOUND COMPLICATIONS
SURGICAL SITE INFECTION
SEROMA AND HEMATOMA
DEHISCENCE
EVISCERATION
ADHESIONS
KEY CONCEPTS
20 - MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY
SECTION I: MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY
IMAGING SYSTEM
Light Source and Fiber-
Rigid Telescope
Video Camera
Camera Head
Camera Control Unit
Video Cables
Documentation System
Monitor
EQUIPMENT CART
INTEGRATED OPERATING ROOM
TROCAR-
ENHANCING VISUALIZATION DURING MIS
Insufflation
Continuous Irrigation and Fluid Distention
Balloon Dissection
SPECIMEN RETRIEVAL
HEMOSTASIS AND TISSUE APPROXIMATION
MIS INSTRUMENTS
CARE OF MIS INSTRUMENTS
INTRAOPERATIVE INSTRUMENT CARE
SPECIALTY TELESCOPES
ENERGY SOURCES IN MIS
ELECTROSURGICAL RISKS
Insulation Failure
Direct and Capacitative Coupling
Risk Reduction and Prevention
ULTRASONIC ENERGY
HIGH-
LASER
PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION
PATIENT POSITIONING
SKIN PREP AND DRAPING
MAINTAINING PATIENT NORMOTHERMIA
SURGICAL SETUP FOR MIS
CONVERSION TO AN OPEN CASE
SECTION II: FLEXIBLE ENDOSCOPY
USE OF THE FLEXIBLE ENDOSCOPE
FLEXIBLE ENDOSCOPE
ECHOENDOSCOPE
CAPSULE ENDOSCOPE
IMAGING SYSTEM
TECHNIQUE
REPROCESSING ENDOSCOPES AND INSTRUMENTS
PROTOCOLS AND STANDARDS
PRECLEANING OF RIGID ENDOSCOPES
GUIDELINES FOR PRECLEANING INSTRUMENTS
PRECLEANING OPTICAL PARTS AND LENSES
FLEXIBLE ENDOSCOPE REPROCESSING
DISINFECTION AND STERILIZATION
KEY CONCEPTS
21 - ROBOTIC-ASSISTED SURGERY
SECTION I: OVERVIEW
WHAT IS ROBOTIC-
FEATURES OF ROBOTIC SYSTEMS
SCALED MOVEMENT
IMAGE REGISTRATION
AUTONOMY
SIMILARITIES TO MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY
SECTION II: ROBOTIC TECHNOLOGY
COMPONENTS
SURGEON CONSOLE
CONSOLE DESIGN
REMOTE DATA DISPLAY
HAND CONTROLLERS
FOOT CONTROLS
BEDSIDE UNIT AND INSTRUMENT ARMS
OPTICS (VISION)
EQUIPMENT OR VISION TOWER
ROBOTIC INSTRUMENTS
INSTRUMENT DESIGN
TYPES OF INSTRUMENTS
REPROCESSING ROBOTIC INSTRUMENTS
HAPTIC FEEDBACK
RIGID ENDOSCOPE
NEAR-
ACCESS
INITIAL ACCESS
REVIEW OF PNEUMOPERITONEUM AND PORT PLACEMENT
TYPES OF ROBOTIC AND COMPUTER-
VERSIUS (CMR SURGICAL)
DA VINCI SYSTEMS (INTUITIVE, INC.)
SENHANCE (TRANSENTERIX, INC.)
JOINT ARTHROPLASTY SYSTEMS
FLEX ROBOTIC DRIVE AND MONARCH PLATFORM (MEDROBOTICS, INC.)
PREPARATION FOR SURGERY
ROOM LAYOUT
HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH CROWDING
SURGEON CONSOLE
BEDSIDE CART
EQUIPMENT TOWER
SECTION III: THE PATIENT
PATIENT POSITIONING
REPOSITIONING THE PATIENT DURING SURGERY
SKIN PREP AND DRAPING
EMERGENCIES DURING ROBOTIC SURGERY
TECHNICAL PROBLEMS
SURGICAL PROBLEMS
PROBLEMS RELATED TO ANESTHESIA
CONVERSION TO AN OPEN CASE
SCRUBBED SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIST DURING CONVERSION
SECTION IV: THE ROBOTICS TEAM
ROLES OF THE SURGICAL TEAM
SURGEON
ASSISTANT SURGEON
ADVANCE PRACTICE PROVIDERS
CIRCULATING NURSE
ROBOTICS COORDINATOR
ROLE OF THE SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIST IN ROBOTIC-
PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION
COMMUNICATION DURING ROBOTIC SURGERY
ROBOTICS TRAINING
2 - SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY PRACTICE
22 - GENERAL SURGERY
SECTION I: THE ABDOMINAL WALL
ANATOMY
ABDOMINAL WALL TISSUE LAYERS
INGUINAL REGION
ABDOMINAL INCISIONS
GENERAL SURGERY INSTRUMENTS
PROCEDURES OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL
HERNIA REPAIR
CASE PLANNING
SECTION II: GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY
ESOPHAGUS AND STOMACH
SMALL INTESTINE
LARGE INTESTINE (COLON)
RECTUM AND ANUS
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES
CASE PLANNING
INSTRUMENTS
EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
TISSUE APPROXIMATION AND HEMOSTASIS
SURGICAL TECHNIQUES IN GASTROINTESTINAL PROCEDURES
ISOLATION TECHNIQUE
SINGLE SETUP
DOUBLE SETUP
DIAGNOSTIC AND PROCEDURAL ENDOSCOPY
ESOPHAGODUODENOSCOPY
COLONOSCOPY
SIGMOIDOSCOPY
LAPAROSCOPY
SECTION III: SURGERY OF THE BILIARY SYSTEM, LIVER, PANCREAS, AND SPLEEN
LIVER
BILIARY SYSTEM
PANCREAS
SPLEEN
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES
CASE PLANNING
INSTRUMENTS
SPECIAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
SECTION IV: BREAST SURGERY
SURGICAL ANATOMY
BREAST CANCER
CASE PLANNING
PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS
POSITION AND DRAPING
INSTRUMENTS AND SUPPLIES
SECTION V: THE THYROID AND PARATHYROID GLANDS
THYROID GLAND
RELATED PROCEDURE: PARATHYROIDECTOMY
KEY CONCEPTS
23 - GYNECOLOGICAL AND OBSTETRICAL SURGERY
SURGICAL ANATOMY OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
UTERUS
Structure
Uterine Ligaments
FALLOPIAN TUBES
OVARIES
VAGINA
VULVA
Mons Pubis
Labia Majora
Labia Minora
Clitoris
Vestibule
Hymen
Perineum
OVARIAN (MENSTRUAL) CYCLE
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES
PATIENT HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
PREOPERATIVE MALIGNANCY SCREENING
IMAGING TECHNIQUES
Ultrasound and Sonohysterography
Hysterosalpingography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
CERVICAL AND ENDOMETRIAL BIOPSY
CONE BIOPSY OF THE CERVIX
PSYCHOSOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS
CASE PLANNING
POSITIONING
TEAM POSITIONING
SKIN PREP AND DRAPING
INSTRUMENTS
EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
DRUGS
Dyes and Stains
Uterotropic Drugs
SUTURES
SECTION I: GYNECOLOGICAL SURGERY
HYSTEROSCOPY
HYSTEROSCOPE
IMAGING SYSTEM
RESECTOSCOPE
OPERATING INSTRUMENTS
TRANSVAGINAL PROCEDURES
PATHOLOGY
PROCEDURES OF THE VULVA
ABDOMINAL PROCEDURES
DIAGNOSTIC LAPAROSCOPY
LAPAROSCOPIC TUBAL LIGATION
Pathology
Transection and Coagulation
Falope Ring Method
Hulka Clip Method
Irving Method
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF AN ECTOPIC PREGNANCY
Pathology
Discussion
Salpingectomy To control the bleeding, the surgeon may cross-
Salpingostomy Tube-
SECTION II: OPERATIVE OBSTETRICAL PROCEDURES
STAGES OF PREGNANCY
COMPLICATIONS OF PREGNANCY
PLACENTAL ABRUPTION
PLACENTA PREVIA
PREGNANCY-
NUCHAL CORD
LACK OF LABOR PROGRESS
CORD PROLAPSE
BREECH PRESENTATION
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
NORMAL VAGINAL DELIVERY
IMMEDIATE POSTPARTUM CARE
NEWBORN CARE
OBSTETRICAL PROCEDURES
EPISIOTOMY
Pathology
Third-
Fourth-
KEY CONCEPTS
24 - GENITOURINARY SURGERY
SURGICAL ANATOMY
RETROPERITONEAL CAVITY
KIDNEY
Nephron
Formation of Urine
ADRENAL GLANDS
URETERS
URINARY BLADDER
URETHRA
REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES OF THE MALE
SCROTUM AND TESTICLES
EPIDIDYMIS
VAS DEFERENS
SEMINAL VESICLES
PROSTATE GLAND
BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS
PENIS
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES
URINALYSIS
BLOOD TESTS
IMAGING STUDIES
KIDNEY DIALYSIS
VASCULAR ACCESS FOR HEMODIALYSIS
PERITONEAL DIALYSIS
RENAL CALCULI
TRANSURETHRAL CYSTOSCOPY PROCEDURES
PERSONNEL
DISTENTION AND IRRIGATION FLUIDS
FLUID WASTE MANAGEMENT
ACCESS AND DRAINAGE: LOWER URINARY TRACT
Rigid Cystourethroscope
Flexible Cystourethroscope
Urethral Catheters
ACCESS AND DRAINAGE: UPPER URINARY TRACT
Ureteroscopy
Percutaneous Nephroscopy
Stents
Guidewire
Ureteral Dilator
Lithotripsy
OPEN GENITOURINARY PROCEDURES
INSTRUMENTS
CYSTECTOMY WITH THE ILEAL CONDUIT
Pathology
Male Cystectomy
Female Cystectomy
BRACHYTHERAPY OF THE PROSTATE
PROCEDURES OF THE URETERS AND KIDNEY
PROCEDURES OF THE PROSTATE
ROBOTIC-
Pathology
SURGERY OF THE MALE EXTERNAL GENITALIA
KEY CONCEPTS
25 - OPHTHALMIC SURGERY
SURGICAL ANATOMY
ORBITAL CAVITY
EYELIDS
GLOBE
EYE MUSCLES
CONJUNCTIVA
CORNEA
SCLERA
CHOROID LAYER AND CILIARY BODY
IRIS
RETINA
LENS
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR CHAMBERS
LACRIMAL APPARATUS
REFRACTION
DIAGNOSTIC TESTING
CASE PLANNING
PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN EYE SURGERY
VERIFICATION OF THE OPERATIVE SITE
POSITIONING THE PATIENT FOR OPHTHALMIC SURGERY
PREPPING AND DRAPING
ANESTHESIA
OPHTHALMIC DRUGS
INSTRUMENTS
OPHTHALMIC INSTRUMENTS
OPHTHALMIC INSTRUMENTS
OPHTHALMIC INSTRUMENTS
OPHTHALMIC INSTRUMENTS
EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
ELECTROSURGICAL UNIT
EYE SPONGES
SUTURES
OPHTHALMIC DRESSINGS
SURGICAL TECHNIQUES IN EYE SURGERY
MICROSURGERY
Operating Microscope
Handling the Microscope The following guidelines should be observed when the microscope is handled
Care of the Microscope
ROLE OF THE SCRUBBED SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIST
The procedure for medial rectus recession is identical to that for lateral rectus resection to the point of the conjunctival inc...
Related Procedure
Preoperative Assessment
Patient Prep
Eyelid Lacerations
KEY CONCEPTS
26 - SURGERY OF THE EAR, NOSE, PHARYNX, AND LARYNX
SURGICAL ANATOMY
EXTERNAL EAR
MIDDLE EAR
INNER EAR
SOUND TRANSMISSION IN THE EAR
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES
CLINICAL EXAMINATION OF THE EAR
CASE PLANNING
POSITIONING
PREPPING AND DRAPING
IRRIGATION
INSTRUMENTS
EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
Power Drill
Operating Microscope
Sponges
Hemostasis
Dressings
ENDOSCOPIC EAR SURGERY
EQUIPMENT
ROOM SETUP
OPEN PROCEDURES OF THE EAR
SECTION II: THE NASAL CAVITY, OROPHARYNX, AND LARYNX
SURGICAL ANATOMY
EXTERNAL NOSE
NASAL CAVITY AND SINUSES
ORAL CAVITY
PHARYNX
LARYNX
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
CASE PLANNING
PREPPING AND DRAPING
EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
Operating Microscope
Sponges
Dressings
Medications
NASAL INSTRUMENTS
Retractors
Knives
Elevator or Dissector
Forceps
Rongeur
Gouge, Chisel, and Osteotome
Rasp and Saw
TONSIL AND ADENOID INSTRUMENTS
SHAVER AND DRILLS
SINUS SCOPE
SURGICAL PROCEDURES
ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY
Patient Preparation
Polypectomy
Ethmoidectomy
Turbinectomy
Sphenoidectomy
SECTION III: THE NECK
SURGICAL ANATOMY
NERVES, VASCULAR SUPPLY, AND MUSCLES OF THE NECK
SALIVARY GLANDS
THYROID GLAND
CASE PLANNING
POSITIONING THE PATIENT FOR NECK SURGERY
DRAPING
INSTRUMENTS
DRESSINGS
MEDICATIONS
SURGICAL PROCEDURES
KEY CONCEPTS
27 - ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY
SURGICAL ANATOMY
BONES OF THE FACE
TEETH
CLASSIFICATION OF FACIAL FRACTURES
INCISIONS OF THE FACE
CASE PLANNING
INSTRUMENTS
IMPLANTS
PREPPING AND DRAPING
SPONGES AND DRESSINGS
SURGICAL PROCEDURES
KEY CONCEPTS
28 - PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY
SURGICAL ANATOMY
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM (SKIN)
Epidermis
Dermis
Skin Appendages
Hair Hair is a protective structure that covers most areas of the body, except the palms and soles of the feet. Each hair is sur...
Sweat Glands Two types of sweat glands are found in the human body. The apocrine sweat glands arise from the dermis and are loca...
ANATOMY OF THE FACE
CASE PLANNING
PREPPING AND DRAPING
INSTRUMENTS
Bone-
SURGICAL PROCEDURES
SKIN GRAFTS
CLASSIFICATION OF SKIN GRAFTS
MATERIALS USED FOR SKIN GRAFTS
TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL GRAFTS
Dermatome Skin grafting is a common technique in plastic and reconstructive surgery. Grafts taken from the patient’s own body ar...
Graft Mesher An STSG is usually modified before implantation in the recipient site. The graft is “aerated” by transforming it fr...
KEY CONCEPTS
29 - ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY
SURGICAL ANATOMY
BONES AND THEIR STRUCTURE
BONE TISSUE
BONE MEMBRANES
BONE STRUCTURE AND SHAPE
LANDMARKS
JOINTS
Classification
Joint Mobility
TENDONS, LIGAMENTS, AND MUSCLES
PATHOLOGY OF SOFT CONNECTIVE TISSUES AND JOINTS
ORTHOPEDIC PATHOLOGY
FRACTURES
Fracture Classification
Fracture Patterns
Fixation After reduction, the bone fragments must be stabilized and protected from shifting out of alignment. This is called fix...
TIMING AND URGENCY OF SURGICAL TREATMENT
PHYSIOLOGY OF BONE HEALING
ORTHOPEDIC CASE PLANNING
PATIENT POSITIONING
HEMOSTASIS
Pneumatic Tourniquet
Hemostatic Agents
ORTHOPEDIC SUTURES
INFECTION CONTROL
DRESSINGS
CASTING
ORTHOPEDIC POWER EQUIPMENT
DRILL
Drill Attachments and Accessory Devices
SAWS
ORTHOPEDIC INSTRUMENTS
RETRACTORS AND BONE-
RONGEURS AND BONE CUTTERS
CHISELS, OSTEOTOMES, GOUGES, AND CURETTES
ELEVATORS AND RASPS
MEASURING DEVICES
ORTHOPEDIC IMPLANTS
IMPLANT MATERIALS
Bioactive Implants
DOCUMENTATION
Implant Log
IMPLANT STERILIZATION
SCREWS
Types of Screws
Placement of Screws
PLATES
Reconstruction Plate
Locking Plate
Dynamic Compression Plate
Tension Band Plate
Buttress Plate
Condylar Plate
Intertrochanteric Nail and Plate Combination
INTRAMEDULLARY NAIL OR ROD
WIRES AND CABLES
KIRSCHNER WIRES AND STEINMANN PINS
MODULAR ROD AND PIN FIXATION
SUTURE AND SUTURE DEVICES
JOINT REPLACEMENT IMPLANTS
ARTHROPLASTY MATERIALS
Metals
DESIGN STRUCTURE
BONE CEMENT
Occupational Risk
Patient Risks
Safety Precautions
Preparing Bone Cement
BONE GRAFTS AND BONE SUBSTITUTES
BONE GRAFT HARVESTING
BONE GRAFT SUBSTITUTES
TRACTION
ARTHROSCOPIC SURGERY
INSTRUMENTS
Scissors
Basket Forceps
Suction Punch
Probe
Grasping Forceps
Knife Blades
Shaving Instruments
JOINT DISTENTION
SURGICAL PROCEDURES
SHOULDER
POSITIONING AND SURGICAL EXPOSURE
FOREARM
OPEN REDUCTION INTERNAL FIXATION OF FOREARM FRACTURES
EXTERNAL FIXATION OF THE RADIAL SHAFT
Technical Points and Discussion
WRIST AND HAND
HIP
KNEE
KNEE ARTHROSCOPY
IRRIGATION
Technical Points and Discussion
FOOT
KEY CONCEPTS
30 - VASCULAR AND MICROVASCULAR SURGERY
PATHOLOGY OF THE ARTERIAL SYSTEM
PATHOLOGY OF THE VENOUS SYSTEM
SURGICAL ANATOMY
STRUCTURE OF BLOOD VESSELS
ARTERIES
ARTERIOLES AND CAPILLARIES
VEINS
CIRCULATORY PATHWAYS
SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
PULMONARY CIRCULATION
BLOOD PRESSURE
MAJOR ARTERIES
THORACIC CAVITY
HEAD
UPPER EXTREMITIES
ABDOMEN
LOWER LIMBS
MAJOR VEINS
PORTAL CIRCULATION
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
VASCULAR DISEASE
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES
ARTERIAL PLETHYSMOGRAPHY
DOPPLER SCANNING
ARTERIOGRAPHY AND ANGIOGRAPHY
INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASONOGRAPHY
VASCULAR INSTRUMENTS
CLAMPS
SCISSORS
FORCEPS
RETRACTORS
SUCTION
TUNNELER
CASE PLANNING
SUTURES
EXPOSURE AND CONTROL OF BLOOD VESSELS
VASCULAR GRAFTS
DRUGS
Anticoagulation
Coagulation
Vasodilation
Prevention of Vasospasm
TECHNIQUES IN VASCULAR SURGERY
ENDARTERECTOMY
VESSEL ANASTOMOSIS
GRAFT TUNNELING
ENDOVASCULAR TECHNIQUES
ACCESS
ANESTHESIA
IMAGING
Guidewires
Access Sheath
Catheters
Endovascular Stent
ENDOVASCULAR PROCEDURES
ANGIOPLASTY
CENTRAL VENOUS LINE
OPEN VASCULAR PROCEDURES
MICROVASCULAR SURGERY
ROOM PREPARATION AND TEAM POSITION
MAGNIFICATION OF THE SURGICAL FIELD
MICROVASCULAR INSTRUMENTS
Scissors
Needle Holders
Irrigation and Suction
Microvascular Clamps
Bipolar ESU
Visibility Aids
Care of Transplant Tissues
Suturing Techniques Microvascular anastomosis follows the same general techniques described previously for open vascular surgery...
KEY CONCEPTS
31 - THORACIC AND PULMONARY SURGERY
SURGICAL ANATOMY
UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
PHARYNX
LARYNX
TRACHEA
BRONCHI
LUNGS
MECHANISM OF BREATHING
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
PULMONARY FUNCTION
LABORATORY TESTS
IMAGING STUDIES
CASE PLANNING
INSTRUMENTS
DRUGS AND SOLUTIONS
PREPPING AND DRAPING
CLOSED CHEST DRAINAGE
SURGICAL PROCEDURES
VIDEO-
VIDEO-­ASSISTED THORACIC SURGERY (VATS)
PATIENT PREPARATION
PORTS
INSTRUMENTS AND SETUP
TEAM POSITIONS
KEY CONCEPTS
32 - CARDIAC SURGERY
SURGICAL ANATOMY
HEART
Heart Valves
CARDIAC CYCLE
CONDUCTION SYSTEM
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES
CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION
CASE PLANNING
POSITIONING AND INCISIONS
PATIENT PREP
INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT
Instrument and Equipment Management
Vessel and Patch Grafts
Prosthetic Valves
Pacemaker
Defibrillator
Cardiopulmonary Bypass Machine and Cannulas
Cardioplegic Solution
SURGICAL PROCEDURES
CANNULATION TECHNIQUES IN CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS
Ascending Aorta
Right Atrial Appendage (Venous)
Retrograde
Right Superior Pulmonary Vein (Left Ventricular Vent)
Antegrade
Femoral Artery and Vein
INFUSION OF A CARDIOPLEGIC SOLUTION
Decannulation
Femoral Artery and Vein
TEMPORARY PACEMAKER
INSERTION OF PERMANENT PACEMAKER (SUBCLAVICULAR)
Heart Failure
PEDIATRIC CARDIAC PROCEDURES
KEY CONCEPTS
33 - PEDIATRIC SURGERY
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ANATOMICAL CONSIDERATIONS
THERMOREGULATION
Hypothermia
Mechanisms of Hypothermia Hypothermia can result in a chain of physiological events that place the pediatric patient at risk for...
Hyperthermia
PERIOPERATIVE INTERVENTIONS TO MAINTAIN NORMOTHERMIA
Transport and Prewarming
Intraoperative Warming
Monitoring
FLUID BALANCE
HEMOSTASIS
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM AND AIRWAY
PATHOLOGY
PSYCHOSOCIAL CARE OF THE PEDIATRIC PATIENT
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF THE CHILD
Infants: Neonatal Period Through 12 Months
Toddlers: 13 Months to 2 Years
Preschoolers: 3 to 5 Years
Middle Childhood: 6 to 11 Years
Early Adolescence: 12 to 14 Years
Late Adolescence: 15 to 17 Years
CASE PLANNING
ANESTHESIA
Preparation for Anesthesia
Preoperative Medication and Induction
Induction Allowing one or both parents to be present during induction is now an accepted practice in many health care facilities...
Anesthesia Maintenance After induction or just before, the precordial stethoscope, pulse oximeter, and cardiac electrodes are pl...
Emergence and Recovery When anesthetic agents are withdrawn or reversed, the patient experiences increased physiological stress ...
SAFETY OF THE PEDIATRIC PATIENT
Safe Handling of Drugs
TRANSPORT OF THE PEDIATRIC PATIENT
POSITIONING THE PATIENT
ELECTROSURGERY
INSTRUMENTS
SPONGES
SUTURES
KEY CONCEPTS
34 - NEUROSURGERY
SURGICAL ANATOMY
CELLS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Neurons
Neuroglia and Schwann Cells
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Skull (Cranium)
Meninges
Brain
Cerebrum The cerebrum, or forebrain, controls all motor activity and sensory impulses. It is divided into halves, the right and ...
Cerebellum The cerebellum, or hindbrain, lies under the posterior cerebrum and is the second largest area of the brain (Fig. 34....
Brainstem The brainstem is composed of three sections: the medulla oblongata, midbrain, and pons (Fig. 34.5B). The medulla oblon...
VENTRICULAR SYSTEM
BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE BRAIN
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
SPINAL CORD
Blood Supply to the Spinal Cord
CRANIAL NERVES
SPINAL NERVES
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
PERIPHERAL NERVES
DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES
HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
IMAGING STUDIES
Computed Tomography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Stereotactic Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Magnetic Resonance Angiography
Angiography (Arteriography)
Digital Subtraction Angiography
Three-
Myelography
Discography
Ultrasound
Electroencephalogram
ELECTROMYOGRAPHY
SOMATOSENSORY EVOKED POTENTIALS
CASE PLANNING
PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS
INSTRUMENTS
POWER INSTRUMENTS
IMPLANTS
WOUND MANAGEMENT
Sponges
Drugs and Irrigation
Drains
Suture
Dressings
ANESTHESIA
PATIENT POSITIONING
Head Stabilization
Operating Table
Prepping and Draping
CRANIAL PROCEDURES
CEREBRAL ANEURYSM SURGERY
PATHOLOGY
ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATION RESECTION
ENDOSCOPICALLY ASSISTED CORRECTION OF CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS
PATHOLOGY
CRANIOPLASTY
PATHOLOGY
VENTRICULOPERITONEAL SHUNT
PATHOLOGY
TRANSNASAL TRANSSPHENOIDAL (TNTS) HYPOPHYSECTOMY
PATHOLOGY
TECHNICAL POINTS AND DISCUSSION
ENDOSCOPIC THIRD VENTRICULOSCOPY
PATHOLOGY
VENTRICULOSCOPE
STEREOTACTIC SURGERY
FRAME-
FRAMELESS SURGERY
LEARNING THE TECHNOLOGY
PATHOLOGY
SPINAL PROCEDURES
ANTERIOR CERVICAL DISCECTOMY AND FUSION (OPEN)
PATHOLOGY
ANTERIOR ENDOSCOPIC CERVICAL DECOMPRESSION OF DISC AND FORAMEN
PATHOLOGY
POSTERIOR CERVICAL LAMINECTOMY
PATHOLOGY
THORACIC CORPECTOMY
PATHOLOGY
POSTERIOR LUMBAR INTERBODY FUSION (PLIF)
PATHOLOGY
PATHOLOGY
PERIPHERAL NERVE PROCEDURES
ULNAR NERVE TRANSPOSITION
Pathology
PATHOLOGY
PATHOLOGY
KEY CONCEPTS
35 - EMERGENCY TRAUMA SURGERY
TRAUMA SYSTEMS
TRAUMA INJURIES
TRAUMA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
LETHAL TRIANGLE
Hemorrhagic Shock
Hypothermia
Coagulopathy
Metabolic Acidosis
COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
ATLS PRINCIPLES OF TRAUMA MANAGEMENT
PREHOSPITAL CARE AND THE GOLDEN HOUR
Field Care: The Primary Survey
Resuscitation
Hospital Care: The Secondary Survey
DAMAGE CONTROL SURGERY
CASE PLANNING FOR TRAUMA SURGERY
INSTRUMENTS
SOLUTIONS AND DRUGS
SUTURE AND HEMOSTATIC DEVICES
AUTOTRANSFUSION
DRAINS AND DRESSINGS
SPONGES
MANAGEMENT OF FORENSIC EVIDENCE
PREOPERATIVE CARE OF THE PATIENT
MOVING AND HANDLING
MAINTAINING PATIENT NORMOTHERMIA
AIRWAY
CONTINUING PHYSIOLOGICAL EVALUATION
EMOTIONAL SUPPORT
RECORDS AND CONSENT
OPENING A CASE AND STERILE SETUP
ORDER OF SETUP
SKIN PREP AND DRAPING
MANAGING THE STERILE FIELD IN EMERGENCY TRAUMA
ROLE OF THE SCRUBBED SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIST
Infection Control
Rapid Procedural Changes
LAPAROTOMY WITH STAGED CLOSURE
CASE PLANNING FOR ABDOMINAL TRAUMA
ABDOMINAL COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
DAMAGE CONTROL TECHNIQUES: ABDOMEN
STAGED ABDOMINAL CLOSURE
METHODS OF ABDOMINAL PROTECTION
ORTHOPEDIC TRAUMA
PREOPERATIVE CARE OF THE ORTHOPEDIC PATIENT
CASE PLANNING
Instruments and Equipment
Drapes
DAMAGE CONTROL ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY
DEBRIDEMENT OF FRACTURES
EMERGENCY TREATMENT OF FRACTURES
THORACIC INJURY
CASE PLANNING
INJURIES OF THE CHEST WALL
CARDIOVASCULAR TRAUMA
Blunt Cardiac Rupture
Penetrating Cardiac Wound
Aortic Injury
PULMONARY TRAUMA
Flail Chest
Pneumothorax
Hemothorax
Lacerated Lung
Diaphragm Injury
MAJOR PERIPHERAL VASCULAR TRAUMA
PENETRATING TRAUMA
Ballistics
Knife Trauma
BLUNT TRAUMA
CASE PLANNING
SURGICAL TREATMENT
INJURIES OF THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
BLUNT TRAUMA
PENETRATING BRAIN INJURY
CASE PLANNING
Positioning
Draping
EMERGENCY NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES
SPINAL TRAUMA
TYPES OF SPINAL CORD INJURIES
NECK TRAUMA
PREOPERATIVE CARE OF THE PATIENT
CASE PLANNING
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF NECK INJURY
KEY CONCEPTS
36 - DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE
ACRONYMS
TRAINING
CLASSIFICATION AND DEFINITION OF DISASTERS
TYPES OF DISASTERS
Natural Disasters
Technological Disasters
Pandemic
Acts of Terrorism
DISASTER MANAGEMENT AND GOVERNMENT STRUCTURES
FEDERAL LEVEL: AGENCIES AND ROLES
FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
NATIONAL INCIDENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
HEALTH RESOURCES AND SERVICES ADMINISTRATION
Disaster Medical Assistance Team
CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION
STATE AND LOCAL LEVELS: AGENCIES AND ROLES
DISASTER CYCLE
I. PREPAREDNESS
Local Team Building
Risk Analysis and Mitigation Strategy
Resource Assessment
Response Plan
Local Incident Command System
Coordination
Logistics and Supply Chains
Emergency Exercises
Personal and Family Preparedness
II. MITIGATION
III. RESPONSE
Community Disaster Response
Human Needs in a Disaster
Evacuation and Shelter Shelter protects people from environmental conditions, including extreme weather. It also offers an eleme...
Medical aid Medical aid in a disaster is carried out in existing health care facilities or mobile clinics. During the planning p...
Infection Control Prevention of disease transmission is one of the primary objectives during a disaster. Infection control appli...
Food Food security often is threatened during a disaster because the normal means of procuring and transporting food are interru...
Mental Health Needs Social and psychological assistance is needed in every disaster. People are best able to use their innate co...
Protection Protection from criminal threat may be necessary during a disaster or emergency, especially when resources are scarce...
Vulnerable Populations The term vulnerability (exposure to risk) often is discussed in association with disasters and emergencie...
Reunification Often in disasters, family members are separated, and there may be no way for them to contact each other. The Red ...
Health Care Facility Disaster Response
Medical Facility Evacuation Evacuation of a medical facility may sometimes be necessary because of structural hazards or immedia...
Surge Capacity Surge capacity is the ability of a health care facility to quickly increase its capability to receive and treat p...
Staff Assignments One of the first events to occur in health care facility disaster management is activation of the emergency pl...
Triage Triage is a process in which casualties are given emergency medical treatment according to the probability of their survi...
Supplies and Drugs Supplies are managed during an emergency by the procurement officer and his or her staff. Accounting must be ...
Morgue A facility morgue is set up near the back of the hospital if overflow room is needed. The location should be selected to ...
Protection of Facility Records Protection of medical records during disasters is a topic that is currently being debated by disa...
IV. RECOVERY
Humanitarian Aid and Professionals
ETHICAL DILEMMAS IN DISASTER
RESOURCES FOR STUDENTS AND INSTRUCTORS
KEY CONCEPTS
A - COMMON PATHOLOGY BY SYSTEM
B - DRUGS AND SUBSTANCES ASSOCIATED WITH SURGERY
C - MATH REVIEW
GLOSSARY
INDEX
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
SURGICAL PROCEDURES