Surgery and Operating Room Innovation 9789811589782, 9789811589799

Table of contents :
Preface
Contents
Part I: Surgical Devices and the Operating Room
1: Lightweight Carbon-Reinforced Resin Surgical Instruments
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Materials and Methods
1.2.1 Surgical Instruments and Material Prototypes
1.2.2 Design and Fabrication Process
1.2.3 Assessment of Mechanical Properties
1.2.3.1 Forceps and Needle Holder
1.2.3.2 Tweezers
1.2.3.3 Scissors
1.2.4 Durability and Long-Term Stability Test
1.2.5 Feasibility and Sensory Evaluations
1.3 Results
1.3.1 Surgical Instrument and Material Prototypes
1.3.2 Assessment of Mechanical Properties
1.3.2.1 Forceps and Needle Holder
1.3.2.2 Tweezers
1.3.2.3 Scissors
1.3.3 Durability and Long-Term Stability Test
1.3.4 Feasibility and Sensory Evaluations
1.4 Discussion
1.5 Conclusions
References
2: Forceps-Type Palpation System for Laparoscopic Surgery
2.1 Background
2.2 History of Tactile Sensing Systems During Surgery
2.3 New Tactile Sensing System
2.3.1 Sensing Device: Sensor-Forceps
2.3.2 Display System
2.3.3 Ring Display
2.3.4 System Composition
2.4 Clinical Application
2.4.1 Cases and Methods
2.4.2 Results
2.4.3 Current Problems
2.5 Future
References
3: Ultrahigh Definition (8K UHD) Video System and Video-Assisted Surgery in the Near Future
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Development of the 8K Video Technology
3.3 Specifications of the Current 8K UHD System
3.4 Laparoscopic Application of the 8K Technology
3.5 Video-Assisted Surgery in the Near Future
3.5.1 Immersion Surgery (Fig. 3.7)
3.5.2 Bird-View Surgery
3.5.3 Head-Up Microsurgery (Fig. 3.8)
3.5.4 Color-Guided Surgery
3.6 Conclusions
References
4: Monitoring of Surgeon’s Surgical Skills Using Internet of Things-Enabled Medical Instruments
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Automatic Tracking and Recording Systems
4.2.1 Surgical Forceps Tracking by RFID
4.2.2 Recording of Activation of Electrocautery Probe
4.2.3 Output Interface
4.3 Feasibility and Safety of Surgical Devices with IoT
4.3.1 Preclinical Animal Model
4.3.2 Insertion Rate of the Forceps by the Left and Right Hands
4.3.3 Visualization of the Usage of Electrocautery
4.4 Trend of IoT in Medical Devices
4.5 Prospects for Operating Room Innovation
References
Part II: Medical Materials and Regenerative Medicine
5: Regenerative Medicine in the Operating Room at Present and in the Near Future
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Regulatory System for Regenerative Medicine
5.3 Regenerative Medical Products
5.4 Cell Processing Facility (CPF)
5.5 Relationship Between CPFs and Operating Room
5.5.1 Regenerative Medicine Without CPF
5.5.2 Regenerative Medicine With CPFs
5.6 Operating Rooms and Regenerative Medicine in the Future
References
6: Surgery and Operating Room for Restoring Organs: Organ Regeneration by Tissue Engineering in the Near Future
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Organ Restoration by Tissue Engineering (TE)
6.3 Organ Restoration Using Bioabsorbable Material
6.3.1 Biliary Regeneration
6.3.2 Gastric Regeneration
6.3.3 Esophageal Regeneration
6.4 Establishment of Cell Processing Centers (CPCs)
6.5 Conclusion
References
Part III: Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality
7: Extended Reality (XR:VR/AR/MR), 3D Printing, Holography, A.I., Radiomics, and Online VR Tele-Medicine for Precision Surgery
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Methods
7.3 Results
7.3.1 VR
7.3.2 AR
7.3.3 MR
7.3.4 Bio-elastic Wet 3D-Printing Model
7.4 Discussion
7.5 Conclusion
References
8: Application of AI in Endoscopic Surgical Operations
8.1 Preface
8.2 Topics of AI Application in Endoscopic Surgery
8.2.1 Diagnostic Support by AI
8.2.2 AI-Assisted Navigation in Endoscopic Surgery
8.2.3 Preoperative Prediction Using AI
8.2.4 Intraoperative Decision Support by AI
8.2.5 Application of AI in Surgical Education
8.2.6 Video Recognition by AI
8.2.7 Autonomous Surgery Using AI
References
Part IV: Navigation Surgery
9: Application of ICG Fluorescent Endoscope Systems in Identifying Small Lung Cancers on the Periphery of the Lungs in Thoracoscopic Surgery
9.1 Background
9.2 Methods
9.3 Results
9.4 Discussion
9.5 Conclusions
References
10: Novel Multispectral Device for Quantitative Imaging of Tissue Oxygen Saturation and Hemoglobin as Surgical Navigation Device
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Technological Background
10.2.1 The Principle of Quantifying Tissue Oxygen Saturation
10.2.2 Method for Quantification of Tissue Oxygen Saturation
10.2.3 Demonstration Experiment Using Blood
10.2.4 Quantification of Tissue Oxygen Saturation
10.2.5 The Principle of Quantification of Hemoglobin Amount
10.2.6 Method for Quantifying Hemoglobin Amount
10.3 Experimental
10.3.1 Verification Experiment of Luminance Nonuniformity Correction Due to Organ Shape
10.3.2 Verification Experiment of Correlated Values of Hemoglobin Amount
10.3.3 Quantification of Hemoglobin Amount
10.4 Discussion
References
11: Clinical Benefit of Mixed Reality Holographic Cholangiography for Image-Guided Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Image-Guided Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Current Trends and Issues
11.3 VR for Surgery in the Operating Room
11.4 MR for Surgery in the Operating Room
11.5 Characteristics of the MR Terminal
11.6 Methods of MR for Surgery in the Operating Room
11.7 Discussion
11.8 Advantages and Disadvantages of Image-Guided Surgery with MR
11.8.1 Advantages
11.8.2 Disadvantages
11.9 Conclusion
References
Part V: Robotic Surgery
12: Development of Laparoscopic Surgery by Means of Foldable Small Humanoid Robot Hands with Tactile Sensation for Laparoscopic Surgery
12.1 Recent Use of HALS for Colorectal Cancer: Advantages and Disadvantages
12.2 Robot Hand with a Master-Slave System Developed by Yokoi’s Laboratory
12.3 Development of a Foldable Small Humanoid Robot Hand by Kato’s Laboratory
12.4 Robot HALS Project Since 2013: Collaboration of Medical and Engineering Departments with Other Academics
12.5 Development of Pseudo-tactile Sensation Using Pressure Sensors in the Fingertips and Next-Generation Prototype Models
12.6 Future Perspective
References
13: Robotic Surgery: Currently and in the Near Future
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Transition of Endoscopic Surgery: With a Focus on Laparoscopic Colectomy
13.3 What Kind of Surgery Is Endoscopic Surgery?
13.4 Advent of Robotic Surgery
13.5 Advantages and Disadvantages Brought About by Robotic Surgery
13.6 The Present and Future of Robot Development
13.7 In Closing