Super Sharp Pencil & Paper Games 0806938846, 9780806938844

Citation preview

SperSharp

PencilPaper

Sames

Andrea Angioino

SuperShar er Pencil&Paper es Games Andrea Angiolino Angioino -

Sterling Publishing Co., Sterling Publishing Co., Inc. Inc. New New York York

To all the friends of of "The Louis," advenruroµs magazine. adventurous srudent student magazine.

Drawings by Sandro Zack Drawings

illustrations by Andrea Angiolino Computer illustrations

of Congress Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Angiolino, .t\ndrea. Andrea. [Giocare con carta e matita. matita. English] English] [Giocare paper games / by Andrea Angiolino. Super sharp pencil & papergames Super p. cm. Translated from Italian. Includes index. 0-8069-3884-6 ISBN 0-8069-3884-6 Pencil games. I. Title. Titde. 1. Pencil GV1S07.P35AS4 1995 GVl 507.P35A54 1995 95-31719 793.73-dc20 95-31719 CIP

10 10

99

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Published 1995 Sterling Publishing Publishing Company, Company, Inc. 199 5 by Sterling 387 Park Avenue 'South, New York, York, N.Y. N.Y. 10016 South, New

Originally published Di Ci, Turin, Turin, Italy published by Editrice Elle Di under the the title title Giocare Giocare con Carta e Matita under con Carta e Matita Editrice Elle Di Di Ci Ci © 1994 by Editrice English translation translation © 199 19955 by Sterling Sterling Publishing Publishing Co., Inc. Sterling Publishing Publishing Distributed in Canada Canada by Sterling % Canadian Manda Group, Group, One Atlantic Avenue, Avenue, Suite Suite 10S % Canadian Manda One Atlantic 105 Toronto, Ontario, Canada MóK 3E7 Toronto, Canada M6K Distributed in Great Britain Britain and Europe by Cassell PLC Distributed and Europe Cassell PLC London WC2R WC2R OBB, England ngland Wellington House, 125 12 5 Strand, London Capricorn Link Link (Australia) Pry Distributed in Australia by Capricorn Pty Ltd. P.O. Hills, Business Centre, Centre, NSW NSW 215 2153, P.O. Box 6651, Baulkham Hills, 3, Australia

Manufactured Manufactured in the United States States of ofAmerica All rightsreserved All rights reserved 0-8069-3884-6 Sterling ISBN 0-8069-3884-6

Contents Introduction .

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Playing Right Right Away!. Away!. •.... Part One: Let's Start Playing • • The Walls ...................... . • • • Black Black.

5

5

• 77 •

8 8

9 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 9

Mishmash.

. 11 ..11

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Mine Field Field. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ...13 • • . 13 Hex. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .15 Hex • 15 Brigitte .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .18 Brigitte. Scaffold . • • • • • • • • • • • • . . . . . . . . . . • • • • • .20 .21 The Francoprussian Francoprussian Labyrinth Labyrinth . • • • • • • • • • • • .21 The English Labyrinth Labyrinth ..... . • • • • • • • • • • • .24 Mole.. . . . . . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • .27 The Peruvian Mole Higher and and Lower Lower.....• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • .29 Nim . .......... . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .30 Nim. • 30 Nucleus • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . . • • • • • .33 • 33 Regions .. . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . . . • • • • • •.36 36 Colors ... . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . . • • .38 The Squared Map . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .40 40 TheSquaredMap... The Track ..... . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .41 46 Synapse • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . . • .46 Sim ... • • • • • • • • • • • . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .48 Black Box. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . .49 Snake. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . . . • • • • • •.53 53 56 Squares Squares... • • • • • • • • • • . . . . . . • • • • • • • • • • •.56 58 • • • •.58 Triangles • • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • . . • Nazareno . . . • . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •.59 59 Triad. Triad • • • • • • • • • • • . . . • • • • • • • • • .....61 • • • • .61

Fifty Fifty. ..... .

•

• • • • • • • • • • • • •

Word Hunt • • • • • • • • Verbal Verbal Rope. Rope . • • • • • • • Havana ..... • • • • • • • Havana. The The Flat.. Flat. • • • • • • • • • • The Big Big Snake Snake •. • • • • • The Poe ....... . • • • • • • Numbers • • • • • • • • • • Stymie. Stymie • • • • • • • • • • • Engel Engel... • • • • • • • • • • • Lasso .. • • • • • • • • • • • Horsey Horsey ....... . • • . . War of Stars.... War of the the Stars . •• • • Wild Cats Wild Cats • • • • • • • • •

Part Part Two: Strategy. Strategy • • • Brigitte Brigitte......... . • • • Higher and Lower. Lower. .• • • Higher Nim . ......... . • • • Nim.. Regions • • • • • • • • • • • Sim ... • • • • • • • • • • • Fifty. Fifty.. • • •• • • • • • • • • Poe Poe .. • • • • • • • • • • • • Stymie • • • • • • • • • • • • Table of of Games Games Index Index.

4 4

.62 .62

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93 • .95 • 95

Introduction People enjoy all kinds of games: technological games that reof games: technological games quire sophisticated computers, science-fiction science-fiction machinery with with virtual games played with virtual reality, reality, and games with paper and pencil, pencil, with with a stone, or with with nothing nothing at all. We We have learned learned some of of these games from our our friends friends and relatives; relatives; others others we learn after after games from buying them. This games you can play with This book includes thirty-eight thirty-eight games with pencil and paper. We will will talk about games games that are less only pencil well known known as well well as better known. known. You probably probably as some that are better well already know know some of of the traditional traditional games, such as The Track and Nim. Nim. We like like to talk about them because because people usually orally, and this is a good good opportunity opportunity to put put learn these games orally, formalizing the rules. them on paper, formalizing All the games we've we've included included have very very simple rules. You All can learn learn them them in in a maximum maximum of of a minute minute and remember remember them them easily. However, However, the strategy and the winning winning tactics are not not as If children children can have fun playing Hex or or as easy and apparent. If Black without without too much effort, effort, adolescents and adults who who decide to apply themselves will will discover almost inexhaustible inexhaustible possibilities. In some cases, present some cases, we have been able to present possibilities. curious variations variations that can add to the players' enthusiasm for for repeated playing. playing. of the b_ book of pointers pointers about a The second part of o ok consists of few of of the games. of these ideas may be hard for for the games. Some of follow, but you don't don't need these discusyoungest readers to follow, sions to play the games. For For those who who are interested, interested, these will lead to some fascinating fascinating conconobservations on strategy will clusions. Furthermore, studying studying these games is like like assembling assembling a train train Furthermore, set. You can learn learn a lot lot by examining examining the mechanism mechanism of of the enjoyable as running it it on the tracks. tracks. engine, and that can be as enjoyable as running However, the point point of of any game is to play. VWithout Without analyzing However, book are very very educational. educational. them too much, the games in this book of knowledge knowledge to play: language, mathematics, You need all sorts of geometry, logic, and an understanding understanding of of the binary binary system. 5 5

This us, big This book is a tool for for exercising exercising the mind. All of of us, ig and small, play these small, can enjoy enjoy this kind kind of of exercise. You can playthese games while while riding riding a bus, waiting waiting in line line at the post office, ofice, or in in the the waiting waiting room room at the dentist's. dentist's. You You only only need a pencil, aa piece best piece of of paper, paper, and an opponent opponent to challenge. May the best player win!

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PART PART ONE ONE

LET'S START START PLAYING LET'S RIGHT AWAY! ''These so simple "These rules are are so simple that that a four-year-old could understand understand them. four-year-old them. Chico, go find me a four-year-old because I Chico,go find me four-year-oldbecauseI understandanything. can't understand anything." (Groucho Marx) (Groucho Marx)

The Walls Players: Two Players: Two Supplies: Paper and pencil Supplies:

Rules: Start by drawing drawing a continuous, continuous, winding winding line. Divide it different regions. To To do this, both players take turns drawinto different ing a line, until as shown until they create twenty twenty to thirty thirty regions, as in the drawing on the left.

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Now, the game starts. The The players players take turns turns drawing drawing a Now, "Chinese Wall" Wall'" that that starts starts in in a region, region, crosses adjacent "Chinese crosses an adjac~nt region, and ends in a third third region, region, as shown in in the drawmg drawing region, as shown on the right. The first player who cannot do this loses. loses.

88

Black William Black invented invented this game. William game.

Players: Two Players: Supplies: Supplies: Graph Graph paper and pencil pencil Draw a 66X6 Rules: Draw X 6 playing board.

The first player selects one of of the three symbols shown The above, representing representing the curves and intersections intersections of of aa road. The The square of player draws it in the top left-hand square of the board. The The second player player selects any one of of the three symbols and draws it in an adjacent square, continuing continuing the road begun by the first first player.

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99

Notice road enters Notice that in the squares with with intersections, intersections, the roadenters on one side and must side. must exit exit on exactly exactly the opposite side. The player player who who draws draws a symbol symbol in in the bottom bottom right-hand The right-hand square wins wins the game. ···············:·············· .

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. s....sssss,f....se...... e******i**s***** . . ................................. . . ... ... ... .. ................................ . . A player player loses if if he forces forces the road to end at the edge edge of preventing the other other player player from from making his next the paper, preventing move. example shown shown here, the player player must move in the top In the example right-hand square. He He can choose any of of the three symbols, right-hand symbols, will end at the edge of of the paper, and he will will lose but the road will lose the game.

Variations: The The dimensions dimensions of of the playing playing board can vary, Variations: although it it is advisable to keep each side five to eight squares although squares in length.

I0 10

Mishmash Rev. Charles Lutwidge Dodgson invented Mishmash Mishmash in Alo Charles Lut:widge Dodgson invented in 1882. 1882. Also knuwn as as Lewis Carroll, Dodgson Dodgson is the author of ofThe Dynamics known The Dynamics of a Particle, Euclid and His Modern Modern Rivals, The The Hunting Hunting of of the Snark, Logic Logic Games, and Alice's Alice's Adventures Adventures in Wonderin Wonder-

land. Mishmash one of newspapers that that Mishmash was also the name of of one of the newspapers Carroll preparedfor relativesand relatives andfriends. friends. He "published"it "published" it from Carrollpreparedfor

1853 to 1862.

Players: Two Players: Two Supplies: Supplies: Paper and pencil pencil Rules: Each player picks a small block block of of two two or or more more letters letters called a "core." "core." When When each player player has selected selected aa core, core, the the called players tell each other other their their cores. player must then find find a word word that that contains contains the oppoEach player the opponouns. nent's selected core. Players may not not use proper proper nouns. while Ernest writes writes FUL. FUL. For example, Laura writes CROS while They tell each other other their their choices. Laura word They Laura can use use the the word PLAY-FUL-NESS use A-CROS-S or A-CROSPLAY-FUL-NESS and Ernest can use A-CROS-S or A-CROSTIC, but he can't can't use CROS-S CROS-S because the core core must not be TIC, must not be beginning of of the word. word. at the end or beginning word, decides The first player who finds an appropriate word, decides that that says, "Done," an appropriate word word doesn't exist, or or gives up says, “Done," "Itdoesn'texist," doesn't exist," or "I give up." At thispoint, this point, theopponent the opponent I give has two minutes to finish. finish. has two If has said, "Done," announce If the first player has “Done," he must now now announce said, "It the word he found. If If he said, "It doesn't exist," exist," his opponent can immediately immediately state a word word containing containing his his core. core. Then the second player player has to announce announce a word word that that contains contains Then his own own core, or the first first player player must must suggest suggest a word. word. an appropriate appropriate word. word. If A player earns earns one point point by finding finding an If he says he has found found it, it, but but the word word is incorrect, incorrect, he he loses loses one one point, and the other other player player wins wins one point. point. If the first player says, “It doesn't exist," exist," and If says, "It and his his opponent can't find a word for him, the first player wins two two points. If points. If

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the opponent opponent can find it, the first first player player loses two two points to says, "I loses one point him. If If the first player says, "I give up," he loses and his opponent opponent gains one point. point. For on each turn, turn, the players players propose propose a new new core, core, unless aa For player fails to respond or says, "I'm "I'm not done," done," in which which case case he continues continues to play with with the same core core from from the last round. When a player says, says, "I "I give up," up," the players discard that core for the remainder of of the game. When When this happens, happens, it is possible to propose very very similar similar cores, differing difering by only one first player could suggest letter. For example, in one round the first suggest GRAL, GRAL, G RAL, and when the players discard G RAL, the first player could pick AGRAL AGRAL for the next round, even though it contains contains the same set of of letters. The first player to reach ten points wins. Even if if these Try ~ese rules seem seem hard, don't get discouraged. discouraged. Try This game is much easier than it sounds. to play. This

12 12

Mine Field Mine Mine Field Field is a simple, almost almost childish game. The "Sturmtruppen" "Sturmtruppen"

(Storm Troopers) Troopers) were German troops during German assault troops during World World War War II. In 1979, 1979, Giorgio Corbetta and Mario GombolipublishedPaper Gomboli published Paper and Pencil Battles with with the Sturmtruppen, Sturmtruppen, aa book book of ofpaper paper and and pencil calleditit Mine Mine Field pencilgames games that inchuded included this game. game. They They called Field becausethegame, with its imaginary imaginary explosions,helpspeople because the game, with explosions, helps people realize realize without real mines and and war. that it is better to play, without

Playen: Two players Players: Two players Supplies: Supplies: Paper and pencil Rules: Each player privately prepares two X 9 playing playing boards. boards. privately prepares two 77X9 The side with with seven squares is numbered numbered from from 11 to to 7. On On one The one of the two two boards, the player player places ten "mines," "mines," drawing drawing aa of point at the intersection intersection of of the squares. No player player can squares. No can have point more than two or vertitwo mines on the same line, line, horizontally horizontally or vertically. Players may not place mines on start or on the start or end points. points. anTaking Taking turns, turns, the players players advance by by drawing drawing aa line, line, announcing nouncing a direction, direction, and moving moving a square horizontally, horizontally, ve~vertically, or diagonally. diagonally. When When a player player hits hits aa mine, mine, he stays where tically, stays where heis. he is.

NORTH

NORTHEAST NORTHEAST

NORTHWEST

WEST

EAST EAST

SOUTHWEST

SOUTHEAST SOUTHEAST SOUTH

Clockwise, the eight eight directions directions are: north, north, northeast, northeast, east, Clockwise, east, southeast, southwest, west, west, and northwest northwest as shown in as shown in southeast, south, southwest, the drawing drawing above. 13 13

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For example, example, on the left left in in the drawing drawing above, For above, we havethe have the hidden mines mines that that Olivia Olivia placed. placed. On On the right, right, we see hidden see her her attempt to cross Carl's Carl's mine field. Olivia Olivia started bysaying, attempt by saying, "I start in in 11 and and go to the east." east." Because Because there there were no mines, start mines, could draw draw her line. line. The The second time she tried tried east,there she could east, there mine, and she stayed on the same line. line. The The third third time, was a mine, time, moved southeast; southeast; the fourth, fourth, east; the fifth, fifth, southeast;the she moved southeast; the sixth, east; cast; and the seventh, seventh, she tried tried east, but there was aamine, sixth, mine, forcing forcing her to stay at the same point. point.

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The object object is to cross cross the mine mine field from left to to right. right. IfIf: ' If his opponentsucceeds, the second player succeeds, he wins. If opponent succeeds, the second second player player has the the right right to a final final move, move, so that that both the thesamnenumber of attempts. If If the secondplayer players have the same number of second player reaches the right right side of of the field on this last turn, the game game ends in a tie. If If not, the first first player wins. 14 14

Hex Hein presented In 1942, 1942, the Danish mathematician Piet Hein presented thegame the game now called Hex Hex during during a lecture to bis nuw his students at the Copenhagen Copenhagen Institute of of Theoretical Physics. think this wasn't wasn't Institute Physics. For those those who think the right right place to introduce introduce a game, here's a poem by Piet Piet Hein Hein himself: himself

"Considering game as as a simple "Considering the gamne simple game, the practice will will demonstrate all too clearly demonstrate all bow players huw much both players understood." have scarcely understood." Danes call thisgame it John or Nash this game Polygon. Americans call it because introduced it it to because Jobn John Nash, an expert in games games theory, introduced the United United States. it on the hexagonal tiles of of the States. He played it bathroom at his university. university. Parker Brothers created the name Hex Hex it in a box version in 1952. when they produced it 19 52.

Players: Two Supplies: Paper and pencil Supplies: Rules: The The game uses an 11 11X11 playing board made up of of Rules: X 11 playing shown in the drawing drawing below. below. hexagons, as shown

I5 15

Because th the pplayers hhave to to dra draw itit themselves, maybe themselves, itit may be ~use easier qu instead f hexagons, easier to to use use squares instead of hexagons, like like the the ones ones in in the the dra · g belo ·. drawing below.

One player player is White, White, and the other other is Black. Each One Each player player takes one side of squares belong to both both of the board. The The corner corner squares players. The their respective The players take turns, drawing drawing one circle of of theirrespective colors connect colors in in a blank blank square each turn. turn. The The object object is to connect both sides of of the board with with an uninterrupted chain both an uninterrupted chain of ofcircles circles of same colors. colors. In In the drawing below, for instance, black of the same drawing below, for instance,black has won. has won.

16 16

Variations: balance the game, game, which Variations: To To balance which normally normally favors the first first player, theorists have proposed several solutions: two rounds of game, changing sides. • The players play_ play two of the game, If game. If If a player wins both rounds, he wins the game. If each player wins wins one round, round, the winner winner is the one who won his with the fewest number of of moves. moves. round with first move on the central central column column • A player cannot make his first of squares shown in gray in the drawing below. of squares

The first player draws one circle circle the first move, and then • The then both players draw two circles per turn.

17 17

Brigitte Brigitte Brigitte boardprepared preparedasshown as sh(YU)n Brigite is a relative relative of of Hex, Hex, played played on a board

in it. Somepeople Some people in the drawing drarwing on the left. David David Gale invented invented it. call it Gale, but others others call it Bird Cage. Bird Cage.

Players: Two Players: Supplies: Supplies: Paper and pencil Rules: Rules: Prepare Prepare a board, board, as in in the the drawing drawing below. below. 0

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player is Black, and the other other is White. White. Taking Taking turns, One player turns, the players of adjacent of their adjacent dots of their color color with with players connect pairs of a horizontal horizontal or or vertical vertical line. line. The The only only restriction restriction is that that aa player player To win, win, Black cannot cross the lines made by his adversary. adversary. To Black must connect connect the right right and left left sides of of the with an the board board with an uninterrupted chain of of dashes, White must connect dashes, and and White connect the the uninterrupted bottom sides. top and bottom

18 18

The The drawing drawing below below represents a game won won by Black. Black. The The dimensions of of the board can vary. Usually Usually it it is better better not not to use a smaller smaller board than the one shown shown in the figure. figure.

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Variations: Variations: The name Brigitte Brigitte comes from Bridge-it, which which was the name of of a box version version of of the game sold in the United United States. In In this variation, variation, the players have a limited limited number number of of they plastic strips used to connect the dots. Once they run out, they of the strips already played. must reuse one of Twixt is another relative of of Brigitte. Invented by Alex RanTwixt dolph in in 1962, 1962, Twixt Twixt is a box box game. dolph

19 19

Scaffold Scaffold, a traditional a_ poor cousin of traditional game, is a of Brigitte. Brigitte.

Players: Two

Supplies colors. Supplies Graph paper and two pencils of of different colors.

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Rules: Draw Draw a 12 12X12 playing board. board. Rules: X 12 playing Taking turns, turns, each player player draws draws a diagonal diagonal line line through through aa Taking square with with his colored colored pencil. pencil. Players Players may not not draw draw aa diagonal diagonal line through through a square that that either either player player has already already used. line used. A A diagonal line line may not touch touch the end of of a diagonal made made player's cliagonal by his opponent. The The object object of of the first first player player is to connect connect right and left left sides of of the board with with aa chain of ofdiagonals. diagonals. the right The second player must connect connect the top and bottom bottom sides of The sides of the board. The first first to do so wins. wins.

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The Francoprussian Labyrinth labyrinth was a huge and intricate intricate As described in mythology, the labyrinth huge and structure made by the king king of of Crete to bide Minotaur, a structure hide the Minotaur, creature half balf human and half half bull bull that ate boys girl. The boys and girls. The hero Theseus labyrinth and and kill kill the Theseus was able to walk through the labyrinth monster. In this game, we pretend pretend to be Theseus bunting the beast. In Theseus hunting beast.

Players: Two Players: Supplies: Supplies: Graph paper and pencil pencil two 99X9 playing boards. Rules: Each player draws two X 9 playing boards. A player uses one to design his own own labyrinth labyrinth and the other other to try try and reconstruct reconstruct his opponent's opponent's maze. Each player player can sides of use thirty thirty "walls," "walls," meaning he can blacken thirty thirty sides of squares to form squares comform his labyrinth. labyrinth. Players cannot cannot leave squares completely isolated. 11 2233

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................................................................ . : : : : : : : : A A . . .... ... ... ... .. ... ... .. ..: ..:·······r······r······r······r······r·· . .. .. **** .. .. ..··r·· . ..··=...·····=. . B . . . .. .. . . .. .. .. ;·······r . . ..····=.........=..·····r···· . ..r. ..····r······=·······r······= . . . . C C . .. .. .. ... .. ... .. . ... : : ..········································································· . : . : . : . : . : . :.. :... :.. . . . . . D . . . . . . D ......................................................................... ... .. .. ...... .... **** .... .... .... ... ..... . .. . . . . . .. .. E ........................................................................... .. ... .. ... ... .. .... .. .. ... .... : : : : : : : : : : F f ......................................................................... : : : : : : : : : : : . : . : . : . : . : . : . :. :. :. G .:......................................................................... ... ....: ..:.. ..:.. ...:. ...: ..:.. ..:.. :.... :.... H H .......................................................................... .. .. .. .. .i.. ses..isein. .. .. . . s****.*isessieeses*iesi . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................. ..... .... ... ... ... ... ... .. ..

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The square, A-1. The staning starting point point is the top left-hand left-hand square, A-1. The player player selects selects a direction direction and advances one one square square at The at aa time until until he decides to stop, finds a wall, wall, or or has moved moved five five time squares. On On his next turn, turn, he starts in in the square where where he he stoppe;•.

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