Strengthening Partnership for Regional Sustainable Development 9789814762458

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strengthening partnership for regional sustainable development

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The ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute (formerly Institute of Southeast Asian Studies) was established as an autonomous organization in 1968. It is a regional centre dedicated to the study of socio-political, security and economic trends and developments in Southeast Asia and its wider geostrategic and economic environment. The Institute’s research programmes are the Regional Economic Studies (RES, including ASEAN and APEC), Regional Strategic and Political Studies (RSPS), and Regional Social and Cultural Studies (RSCS). ISEAS Publishing, an established academic press, has issued more than 2,000 books and journals. It is the largest scholarly publisher of research about Southeast Asia from within the region. ISEAS Publishing works with many other academic and trade publishers and distributors to disseminate important research and analyses from and about Southeast Asia to the rest of the world.

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Singapore Lecture 30 August 2016

strengthening partnership for regional sustainable development

Tran Dai Quang

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Published in Singapore in 2016 by ISEAS Publishing 30 Heng Mui Keng Terrace Singapore 119614 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photo­copying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute. © 2016 ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute, Singapore ISEAS Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Tran, Dai Quang. Strengthening Partnership for Regional Sustainable Development. (Singapore lecture series, 0129-1912 ; [38]) 1. ASEAN. 2. Regionalism—Southeast Asia. 3. Security, International—Southeast Asia. 4. Vietnam—Politics and government. 5. Vietnam—Foreign relations—Singapore. 6. Singapore—Foreign relations—Vietnam. 7. South China Sea—International status. I. Singapore Lecture (38th : 2016 : Singapore) II. Title. III. Series: Singapore lecture series ; [38]. DS501 I597 no. 38         2016 ISBN 978-981-47-6232-8 (soft cover) ISBN 978-981-47-6245-8 (E-book PDF) Typeset by International Typesetters Pte Ltd Printed in Singapore by Markono Print Media

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CONTENTS I

Welcome Remarks

II Strengthening Partnership for Regional Sustainable Development

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Teo Chee Hean 1

Tran Dai Quang 5

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I Welcome Remarks Teo Chee Hean Deputy Prime Minister and Coordinating Minister for National Security, Singapore

His Excellency Tran Dai Quang President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, ESM Goh and Cabinet Colleagues, Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen, 1 A very warm welcome to the 38th Singapore Lecture. We are privileged to have His Excellency Tran Dai Quang, President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, with us this morning. President Quang, thank you for agreeing to deliver this lecture during your first State Visit to Singapore. This is also the first Singapore lecture by a Vietnamese leader. 2 Vietnam has emerged as an economic success story in our region, having achieved rapid and sustained growth alongside remarkable socio-economic development. Since the introduction of economic reforms or Doi Moi in 1986, Vietnam has made remarkable progress.1 Its economy continues to do well, posting  World Bank, GDP per capita (current US$), National Accounts Data, Aug 2016. GDP increased by five times from 1986 to reach US$21,000 in 2015.

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growth rates of more than 6 per cent and attracting record levels of Foreign Direct Investment. 3 Vietnam’s attractive geographical location, young, educated and dynamic workforce, and rich natural resources are just some of the factors that have been cited as ingredients of its success. But credit to Vietnam’s leaders as well, who have stayed the course on important economic reforms to improve access to infrastructure and build up a business-friendly environment. Like Singapore, Vietnam is an outward-looking economy, and one that has been an advocate for free trade agreements connecting our region such as the Trans-Pacific Partnership and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership. 4 It is therefore no surprise that Singapore-Vietnam relations are underpinned by strong economic ties, multi-faceted cooperation, and frequent high-level exchanges. Singapore is one of Vietnam’s top investors. 2 Our companies are active in sectors key to Vietnam’s development such as ports and logistics, healthcare, manufacturing, industrial parks, and real estate. The seven Vietnam-Singapore Industrial Parks (VSIPs) across Vietnam, which began as our flagship government-to-government project twenty years ago, are a concrete symbol of our economic ties. There are also growing links between our two peoples, with many Vietnamese students studying in Singapore, tourist groups and increasing exchanges between our grassroots associations

 As of April 2016, Singapore was the 3rd largest foreign investor in Vietnam with cumulative investments of US$38.1 billion in 1,663 projects. Singapore is ranked after: (1) South Korea (US$39.2 billion); and (2) Japan (US$37.7 billion). Source: Foreign Investment Agency, Vietnam Ministry of Planning and Investment.

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and cultural groups. I am confident that our relations with Vietnam will continue to grow with President Quang and the new Vietnamese leadership at the helm. 5 Before his election as Vietnam’s President by the 13th National Assembly in April 2016, President Quang had a long and distinguished career at the Ministry of Public Security. He started as an officer in the Political Protection Department in 1975 and rose through the ranks to serve as Minister of Public Security from 2011 to 2016. 6 I was fortunate to have had the opportunity to work closely with President Quang as my Home Affairs counterpart between 2011 and 2015. Under his able leadership, Singapore and Vietnam advanced our cooperation on security and law enforcement. We achieved several milestones together, including the renewal of the Cooperation Arrangement in Preventing and Combating Transnational Crimes in August 2012. President Quang also lent his personal support to regular interactions between our senior officials through exchange and leadership development programmes. Needless to say, President Quang is no stranger here, having visited Singapore in 2012, 2014, and most recently last April for the inauguration of the INTERPOL Global Complex for Innovation (IGCI). We are happy to welcome him today on his first visit as Vietnam’s President. President Quang comes from Ninh Bὶnh Province, which I’ve had the pleasure of visiting at his invitation. I recommend a visit to enjoy the cultural heritage and scenic beauty with limestone cave formations, and to enjoy the warm hospitality of her friendly people. 7 It is now my pleasure to invite President Quang to deliver the 38th Singapore Lecture on the topic “Strengthening Partnership for Regional Sustainable Development”.

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II Strengthening Partnership For Regional Sustainable Development Tran Dai Quang President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam

Excellency, Deputy Prime Minister Teo Chee Hean, Excellency, Emeritus Senior Minister Goh Chok Tong, Honourable Ministers, Excellencies, Ambassadors, Representatives of the Diplomatic Corps, Professor Wang Gungwu, Ladies and Gentlemen, It is my great honour and privilege to deliver the 38th Singapore Lecture today. I am also very pleased to meet and exchange views with all of you, leaders, politicians, members of cabinet, professors, scholars and academics at this most prestigious forum of the Lion City — the land of miracles created by hard work, perseverance and strategic vision. Your presence today demonstrates your profound interest in the relationship between Vietnam and Singapore as well as the desire to share in and work together for a Southeast Asia of peace, stability, cooperation and development, and for a peaceful and prosperous Asia-Pacific region in a rapidly changing world with many opportunities and also no less challenges.

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Allow me to express my most sincere thanks to Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, the Government of Singapore and the ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute for having accorded to the Vietnamese delegation and myself your kindest hospitality and warmest affections. Ladies and Gentlemen, Mankind has come into the latter half of the second decade of the 21st century and is witnessing many deep and comprehensive changes. The international community rejoices at the accomplishment of many Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Mankind’s faith is reinforced as countries came to agreement concerning the common direction of development as outlined in the 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Agenda (SDGs). The future of the world looks brighter as nearly two hundred countries joined in a shared commitment to fulfill the Paris Agreement of Climate Change (COP 21). Peace, stability and cooperation for development has become an inevitable demand of all nations and a major trend in today’s world. This is an opportunity and a very fundamental basis for us to work together towards a peaceful and stable environment, and join efforts to promote sustainable development, for the common interest and prosperity of mankind. In addition to opportunities and advantages, the world is faced also with many grave difficulties and challenges. Among these, armed conflicts, disputes over resources, territorial and maritime disputes, and international terrorism continue to rise with an ever more serious scale, frequency, nature and intensity. Non-traditional security challenges, especially cyber-warfare, the migration wave, water, energy and food security, pollution of the environment and climate change, among others, are far more destructive to human

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lives and property than any armed conflict, and no single country is capable of solving them at their roots. The seriousness of these challenges is extremely worrying as long as the “might makes right” mindset and the resort to the use of force still exist. At the same time, the vigorous development of science and technology against the backdrop of globalization and international integration has increased the interdependence among nations. The internationalization of production and the participation in the global value chain have changed methods of production, industrial relations and the everyday life of each person. This represents both an objective trend and a subjective demand, which is irreversible. What we can do is to work together to turn this trend into an opportunity for cooperation, sustainable development and prosperity. The Asia-Pacific, including Southeast Asia, continues to be a dynamic development hub with a growing geo-strategic, economic and political importance in today’s world. The South China Sea, located at the heart of Southeast Asia, not only brings about many important benefits to nations in the region but is also a vital route for maritime and air transport of the world. The entire region is exerting its best efforts to rise, through the promotion of initiatives on connectivity and political, economic, cultural and education cooperation, among others. Yet the recent worrying developments in the region and the South China Sea have had negative impacts on the security environment of the region, especially maritime security and safety, freedom of navigation and overflight, threatening to erode trust and affecting the cooperation process of the region. Should we allow instability to take place, especially in the case of armed conflicts, there will be neither winner nor loser, but rather all will lose.

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Ladies and Gentlemen, Against this backdrop, the desire for peace, security and sustainable development in the region continues to burn more passionately than ever. Yet a desire will forever remain a desire unless we take actions. Opportunities may well turn into regret unless we take hold of them. Potentials shall become mere disappointments should we lack determination. The late Prime Minister of Singapore Lee Kuan Yew once said: “you are not just making promises or pleasantries, you mean what you say”. The only path to transform desire into reality is for all nations to stand united, act together and promote cooperation on the basis of international law, equality and mutual interest. That is the goal of ASEAN. Over the past years, with a vision beyond its own interests, ASEAN has been expressing its voice, ever stronger and more responsible, over the common concerns of the international and regional community, especially in such areas of cooperation as sustainable development, climate change response and natural disaster and epidemic relief, among others. ASEAN has been very successful in drawing the strategic engagement of major powers in the common interest of peace, stability, sustainable development in the region and the world over. A multipolar, multi-layered regional architecture in which ASEAN plays a central role is conducive to and can satisfy the interests of all parties. In order to make better use of its role in maintaining peace and stability, promoting cooperation and fortifying itself in the face of hardships and challenges, ASEAN should strengthen the implementation of the four core areas known as CIROP: (i) Strengthen political Coherence, focusing on the promotion of dialogue and the building of confidence and common norms

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of conduct; (ii) Promote economic and cultural-social Integration, making use of economic advantages and harmonizing the cultural identity of each nation to create a combined strength of the Community; (iii) Uphold the Responsibility and the awareness of a shared destiny, attaching importance to the implementation of the core principles of ASEAN, in which solidarity and consensus are distinct values that member states should respect and preserve; and (iv) Steady the aim of an ASEAN Of the People, formulating mechanisms for citizens of ASEAN to take part in the making, supervision and implementation of policies, so that the service to the people would become the supreme goal in the building and development of the Community. Ladies and Gentlemen, In the 20th century, the Vietnamese people have suffered great injuries and losses, our country has been ravaged and scarred by war. With the cooperation and assistance from the international community, with undaunted spirit and resilience, the Vietnamese people have risen from the yoke of oppression, ruin, poverty and backwardness. History has proven that solidarity, including international solidarity is a valuable tradition and major lesson of the Vietnamese people. Such a lesson has greatly influenced Vietnam’s foreign policy and actions. After thirty years of reform, our country has overcome social and economic crisis and the state of underdevelopment. We have become a developing middle-income nation engaging in the process of strengthening industrialization, modernization and international integration. Yet we are also faced with many challenges and difficulties: a developing yet unstable economy, mounting public debt, gradually reducing bad debts that remain yet at a high level; unbalanced human resource structure, low workforce quality and

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infrastructure lacking in standardization; all of these continue to stand in the way of development. In that situation, we have been continuing to uphold the spirit of patriotism, make use of all resources and the creativity of the people while strengthening comprehensive reform so as to speed up national development in a sustainable way. In foreign relations, Vietnam pursues a consistent policy of independence, self-reliance, peace, cooperation and development; multilateralization and diversification of external relations, proactive international integration, being ready to be a friend, reliable partner and responsible member in the international community. Accordingly, Vietnam pays close attention to the development of traditional friendly relations with neighbour countries, the promotion of cooperation relations with major and important partners, the improvement of integration effectiveness, and the fulfilment of all international commitments. Regarding the South China Sea issue, it is our consistent position to remain resolute and persistent in the defence of national independence, sovereignty and territorial unity and integrity. We seek to settle disputes by peaceful means through the political, diplomatic and legal process on the basis of international law, including the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Ladies and Gentlemen, Mankind is entering the revolution of new technology and the era of the Internet of things, new materials, automation and, in the foreseeable future, artificial intelligence. This may be a challenge that requires a major effort, especially for developing countries

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like Vietnam. Yet this is not a zero-sum game, but instead is an opportunity for sharing, cooperation and development. More than any others, Singapore, as a founding country of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Trans-Pacific Partnership, would understand the value of joining hands and joining minds to take hold of this opportunity. I have visited Singapore on many occasions, but this is my first visit in the capacity as President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam to your beautiful and hospitable country on the eve of the third anniversary of the establishment of Vietnam–Singapore Strategic Partnership (11 September 2013–11 September 2016). Singapore has left me with great and deep impressions after every visit, of the development of your smart economy and high-quality workforce; of the vigour, creativity, diligence, the love of labour, discipline and the upholding of the rule of law exhibited by your people; and of the awareness in the protection of nature and unity in diversity that your nation has upheld. The admirable development of Singapore over the last fifty-one years since the birth of your nation is a valuable lesson for Vietnam in our national construction and defence. We hold in high regards and pay great attention to learning from Singapore’s successes in the planning and implementation of the policy prioritizing investments in science and technology and education and training, in making use of training and the use of high-quality workforce to rapidly and sustainably develop your nation. Yesterday, I had fruitful meetings with President Tony Tan and Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong. We are very glad to see that over the last forty years, ever since the establishment of diplomatic ties (1 October 1973), the friendship and cooperation between

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Vietnam and Singapore have been strengthened and deepened with many effective and practical cooperation mechanisms in many areas. Singapore is one of the top three countries and territories to invest in Vietnam, and Vietnam–Singapore Industrial Parks (VSIP) have become a symbol of this successful cooperation for mutual benefit. Tens of thousands of public servants and students who have received training in Singapore are making daily contributions to the development of our country as well as the friendship between Vietnam and Singapore. Vietnam always sees the success of Singapore and Singaporean businesses as an opportunity to promote cooperation for faster and more sustainable growth. In regional and international issues, Vietnam and Singapore share fundamental interests in the building of a strong ASEAN and a reliable partnership system as well as in the maintenance of a peaceful and stable international order that respects and adheres to international law. Vietnam wishes to work together with Singapore to promote and further deepen the Strategic Partnership between our two countries across all areas, centred around economic, trade, investment, defence, security and maritime cooperation and cooperation at regional and international forums. The goal of our strategic partnership is nothing but a prosperous Singapore and a sustainably developing Vietnam, contributing to the building of a prosperous ASEAN Community and an Asia-Pacific region of peace, security and development. On this occasion, allow me to express my deepest gratitude to the Government and people of Singapore, especially the late Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew, a great friend of the Vietnamese people, for the practical and effective assistance accorded to us in the past years.

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Ladies and Gentlemen, I hope that today’s discussion will give us deeper insights on regional and international issues related to Vietnam’s foreign policy as well as Vietnam–Singapore relations, so that we may devise more concrete cooperation activities and join hands for our common interests. Once again, thank you all for being here today. May the ISEAS –Yusof Ishak Institute continue to grow and attain greater achievements in academic research and high-quality human resource training, making practical contributions to the preservation of peace, security and sustainable development in the region and the world over. I wish all of you good health, happiness and many successes. Thank you very much.

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Tran Dai Quang Mr Tran Dai Quang is the President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and Chairman of the National Security and Defense Council since April 2016. He was born in 1956 into a poor farmer’s family with many siblings. Even as a child, he had shown his intelligence, diligence, eagerness to learn and willingness to overcome hardships as he concurrently studied and worked to help his family earn their livelihood. He has had an outstanding career in the Vietnamese Public Security Service. He joined the Security Service in 1972, and since then has assumed many important positions, such as Head of Advisory and Scout Divisions — Department of Political Protection, Director of the Security Advisory Department, Deputy Director of the General Department of Security, and Vice Minister of Public Security. Between 2011 and April 2016, he was Minister of Public Security of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. He was promoted to General in 2012. He has left his personal mark on many triumphs of the Vietnamese Public Security Forces. He is also the most academic Minister of Public Security of Vietnam to have ever assumed this position. Mr Tran Dai Quang was elected Member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam in 2006 and has been a Member of the Politburo since 2011. He was elected Member of the National Assembly in 2011 and re-elected in 2016. Mr Tran Dai Quang was educated in many prestigious institutions within and outside of Vietnam, such as the People’s Public Security Academy, the Hanoi Law University, the

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Ho Chi Minh National Political Academy. He had his doctorate at the Ho Chi Minh National Political Academy, and became a Professor in 2009. He is married and has two sons.

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THE SINGAPORE LECTURE SERIES

Inaugural Singapore Lecture 14 October 1980 The Invisible Hand in Economics and Politics by MILTON FRIEDMAN Professor of Economics, University of Chicago 2nd Singapore Lecture 30 October 1981 American Foreign Policy: A Global View by HENRY KISSINGER U.S. Secretary of State 3rd Singapore Lecture 2 December 1982 Peace and East-West Relations by GISCARD D’ESTAING President of France 4th Singapore Lecture 10 November 1983 The Soviet Union: Challenges and Responses as Seen from the European Point of View by HELMUT SCHMIDT Chancellor of the Republic of Germany 5th Singapore Lecture 8 November 1984 The Future of the Western Alliance and Its Implications for Asia by JOSEPH M.A.H. LUNS Secretary-General of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

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18 6th Singapore Lecture 5 December 1985 Deficits, Debts, and Demographics: Three Fundamentals Affecting Our Long-Term Economic Future by PETER G. PETERSON Chairman of the Blackstone Group 7th Singapore Lecture 25 November 1986 Trends in the International Financial System by RAYMOND BARRE Prime Minister of France 8th Singapore Lecture 27 November 1987 The Challenge of Change in the Asia-Pacific Region by BOB HAWKE Prime Minister of Australia 9th Singapore Lecture 14 December 1988 Regionalism, Globalism and Spheres of Influence: ASEAN and the Challenge of Change into the 21st Century by MAHATHIR BIN MOHAMAD Prime Minister of Malaysia 10th Singapore Lecture 15 October 1989 Trade Outlook: Globalization or Regionalization by BRIAN MULRONEY Prime Minister of Canada 11th Singapore Lecture 3 April 1991 International Economic Developments by R.F.M. LUBBERS Prime Minister of the Netherlands

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19 12th Singapore Lecture 4 January 1992 U.S. Policy in the Asia-Pacific Region: Meeting the Challenges of the Post Cold-War Era by GEORGE BUSH President of the United States of America 13th Singapore Lecture 8 September 1994 India and the Asia-Pacific: Forging a New Relationship by P.V. NARASIMHA RAO Prime Minister of India 14th Singapore Lecture 17 January 1996 Australia, Asia and the New Regionalism by PAUL KEATING Prime Minister of Australia 15th Singapore Lecture 14 January 1997 Reforms for the New Era of Japan and ASEAN: For a Broader and Deeper Partnership by RYUTARO HASHIMOTO Prime Minister of Japan 16th Singapore Lecture 6 March 1997 South and Southern Africa into the Next Century by NELSON R. MANDELA President of the Republic of South Africa 17th Singapore Lecture 30 November 1999 China and Asia in the New Century by ZHU RONGJI Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China

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20 18th Singapore Lecture 14 February 2000 Global Values: The United Nations and the Rule of Law in the 21st Century by Kofi A. Annan Secretary-General of the United Nations 19th Singapore Lecture 27 November 2000 Peace on the Korean Peninsula and East Asia by KIM DAE-JUNG President of the Republic of Korea 20th Singapore Lecture 14 January 2002 Japan and ASEAN in East Asia: A Sincere and Open Partnership by JUNICHIRO KOIZUMI Prime Minister of Japan 21st Singapore Lecture 9 April 2002 India’s Perspectives on ASEAN and the Asia-Pacific Region by ATAL BIHARI VAJPAYEE Prime Minister of India 22nd Singapore Lecture 6 July 2002 EU-Asia Relations: Sharing Diversity in an Inter-regional Partnership by ROMANO PRODI President of the European Commission 23rd Singapore Lecture 13 May 2003 Investments into the Future: State and Economy at the Beginning of the 21st Century by GERHARD SCHRÖDER Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany

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21 24th Singapore Lecture 30 April 2004 Global Challenges in the 21st Century: A View from Chile by Ricardo Lagos President of Chile 25th Singapore Lecture 16 February 2005 Indonesia: The Challenge of Change by Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono President of the Republic of Indonesia 26th Singapore Lecture 21 April 2005 Africa’s Season of Hope: The Dawn of a New Africa-Asia Partnership by thabo mvuyelwa mbeki President of the Republic of South Africa 27th Singapore Lecture 1 February 2006 Evolution of Enlightened Societies on Our Planet by A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM President of the Republic of India 28th Singapore Lecture 11 April 2006 Asia-Middle East Cooperation: Opportunities and Challenges by PRINCE suLtan bin abdul aziz al-sAud Crown Prince and Deputy Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 29th Singapore Lecture 12 August 2008 Australia, Singapore, Our Region and the World by kevin rudd Prime Minister of Australia

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22 30th Singapore Lecture 23 October 2009 Towards New Global Partnerships: Economics, Governance, Values by JAN PETER BALKENENDE Prime Minister of the Netherlands 31st Singapore Lecture 2 June 2011 by ANGELA MERKEL Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany 32nd Singapore Lecture 13 March 2012 The Importance of Governance for Sustainable Developments by HELEN CLARK Administrator of the UN Development Programme and Former Prime Minister of New Zealand 33rd Singapore Lecture 26 July 2013 Japan and ASEAN, Always in Tandem: Towards a More Advantageous Win-Win Relationship through My “Three Arrows” by SHINZO ABE Prime Minister of Japan 34th Singapore Lecture 22 April 2014 The Future of ASEAN by HIS MAJESTY SULTAN HAJI HASSANAL BOLKIAH MU’IZZADDIN WADDAULAH Sultan and Yang Di-Pertuan of Brunei Darussalam 35th Singapore Lecture 29 June 2015 Our Common Challenges: Strengthening Security in the Region by TONY ABBOTT Prime Minister of Australia

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23 36th Singapore Lecture 7 November 2015 Forging a Strong Partnership to Enhance Prosperity of Asia by Xi Jinping President of the People’s Republic of China 37th Singapore Lecture 23 November 2015 India’s Singapore Story by narendra modi Prime Minister of India 38th Singapore Lecture 30 August 2016 Strengthening Partnership for Regional Sustainable Development by tran dai quang President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam

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