Sraoša in Zoroastrian Tradition 9004072381

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ORIENTALIA RHENO-TRAIECTINA

SRAOSA IN THE ZOROASTRIAN TRADITION

EDIDIT

J. GONDA

BY

VOLUMEN VICESIMUM OCTAVUM

G.KREYENBROEK

SRAOSA IN THE ZOROASTRIAN TRADITION

G. KREYENBROEK

LEIDEN E. J. BRILL

LEIDEN E. J. BRILL

1985

1985

Published with financial support from the Netherlands Organization for the Advancement of Pure Research (Z.W.O.)

Dedicated to Professor Mary Boyce in gratitude ISBN 90 04 07238 1 Copyright 1985 by E. J. Brill, Leiden, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or translated in any form, by pdnt, photoprint, microfilm, microfiche or any other means without wdtten permission from the publisher

CONTENTS Acknowledgements

IX

Abbreviations

XI

Introduction I. Saraosa- in the Giithas Appendix: the Pahlavi translations II. The Hymns to Sraosa Yasna 57 (the Greater Hymn to Sraosa) . Ya.ft II (the Sro.f Ya.ft Hiidoxt) . Yasna 56 (sometimes called Sros Yast , Keh, "Lesser Hymn to Sraosa ") . Commentary on Yasna 57 Commentary on Ya.ft 11 Commentary on Yasna 56

7 30 34 58 70 76 96 105

III. Sros in the Pahlavi Texts

108

IV. Sraosa in the Ritual and Daily Observances

143

V. Conclusion. Origin and Development of the Yazata Sraosa

164

Bibliography

I 84

Subject-Index

189

Index Locorum

I 93

Word-Index

197

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The basis of the present work was approved as a doctoral thesis by the University of Leiden in 1982. Since then, a number of alterations have been made in the text. I am deeply grateful to Professor Mary Boyce, who encouraged me to undertake the study, which she kindly consented to supervise. Her advice and help, unstintingly given, have been invaluable to me. I am very grateful also to Professor E. J. M. Witzel, who agreed to act as a resident supervisor when the work was already in a relatively advanced stage, and who gave freely of his time and attention, particularly to the philological side of the work. My thanks are further due to Professor D. J. Hoens and Professor G. Klingenschmitt for their helpful comments and suggestions. In practical matters I have received much help from my friend Ms F. van den Ham, and from Ms Christina M. Reedijk, Ms Athea Shawky, Mr Jon D. Galbraith and Mr Paul L. Hover, who were at various times assistants in the Iranian department of the Institute of Oriental Languages of the State University of Utrecht. The support, advice and help of my wife have meant very much to me. I should like to express my gratitude to Professor Gonda for accepting the work into the series Orientalia Rheno-Traiectina, and to the Netherlands Organization for the Advancement of Pure Research (Z.W.O.) for. providing a full subvention for its publication. I am indebted to the house of Brill for their excellent handling of a difficult manuscript.

ABBREVIATIONS JOURNALS AND OTHER COMPOSITE WORKS:

AbhSaAk Acllr Ac/Or AJPhil

ArchOr

AsStud

BB B!rCF BSL BSO(A)S Fo!Or

HdbOr HTR IF llJ

JA JAOS JCOI JMiS JRAS KZ MKNedAW MSL MSS OLZ RHR SbbayrAk SBE SbHeidAk SbPrAk Stir

SWAW TPS WZKSOA ZDMG Zll

Abhandlungen der Siichsischen Akademie der Wissenschqfren Ac/a lranica Ac1a Orientalia The American Journal of Philology Archiv Orientb.!ni Asiatische Studien / Etudes Asiatiques, Zeitschrift der Schwe1zerischen

Gesellschaft fiir Asienkunde.

Beitriige zur Kunde der indogermanischen Sprachen Bu/lelin of the Iranian Cr1lt11re Fo11ndation Bulletin de fa sociit€ de linguistique Bulletin of the School of Oriental (and African) Studies Fo/ia Orienlalia Handbuch der Orientafistik, ed. by B. Spuler, Leiden/Cologne Harvard Theological Review [ndogermanische Forschungen Indo-Iranian Joumaf Journal Asiatique The Journal of the American Oriental Society Journal of the K.R. Cama Oriental Institute Journal of Milhraic Studies Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Zeitschrift fUr vergleichende Sprachforschung auf dem Gebiete der Indogermanischen Sprnchen, begrilndet von A. Kuhn Mededelingen der Koninklijke Nededandse Akademie der We1enschappe11 Memoires de la socie/e de linguislique Miinchener S1udien zur Sprachwissenschafl Orienta/istische Literaturzeitung Revue de /'Histoire des Religions Sitzungsberichle der bayerischen Akadem1e der Wissenschaffen in Miinchen Sacred Books of !he East, ed. by F. Max Millier Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaf1e11. Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaf(en ,n Berlin Studia Iranica Sitzungsberichte der Wiener Akademie der Wissenschaften Transactions of !he Philological Sociely Wiener Zeitschrijl fiir die Kunde Siid- und Ostasiens Zeirschrifl der Deutschen Morgenliindischen Gese/b;chaft Zeirschrift far Indologie und lranistik TEXTS

Afr. Aog. A,. AWN. AyJam.

Afrinagiin Aogamada&ii Avesta Ardiiy Wiriiz Niimag Ayt1dgiir i Jiimfispig

.\II Bd. DD. Dk (M). DrAD. F. Farz.

G.

GBd. HandAM. JFr. MX. Nir. Ny. Phl.SrW. Phi. Vend. Phl.Y. Phi.Yr. Purs.

RV.

Riv. RivAd. RiJ,DD. RivEA. Ril•Fi·. RivHor. SadB. SadN. Sir. SnS.

SrSn.

SrW. SupplSnS. Vend. Visp . Y. YH. Yr. XA. Ziidspr.

ZWY.

AIIIIRE\'l/\TIONS

811ndahi.fn

Diideslrin i Di!nig Denkard (ed. Madan) Drliyi.fn i Ahreman 6 Dill'{in Fiahang i Oim

Farcj.iy(itniima Giih Grealer or Indian BundahiSn Handarz i Adurblid i Malirn:.pandiin

Jml'iSI i Friyiin

Dridesttin i MenOg i Xrad Nirangesrrin Niyiiyiln Pahlavi SrOS Wiij Pahlm•i Vendidlid Pahlavi Yasna Pahlm•i Ya§t Purs1Sllihii f.gveda Riviiyat Riviiyat i Adur-Farnhcig The Riviiyal accompanying !he Dlidestiin i Dfnig Rivtiyal i £med i AS1rnhifoi11 Riwiyal i Farnbiig-SrOS Riviiyal of Horma::yiir Framarz Sad-dar BondaheJ

Sad-dar Na.fr Striiza

Sayis1-ne-Sayfa·1 SrOS-fniiyfni