214 27 660KB
English Pages 107 Year 2019
Spiritual and Ecological Civilization
Spiritual and Ecological Civilization: The Essence and Mechanisms of Formation By
Andrey Vladimirovich Ivanov, Irina Valerjevna Fotieva and Michail Yurjevich Shishin
Spiritual and Ecological Civilization: The Essence and Mechanisms of Formation By Andrey Vladimirovich Ivanov, Irina Valerjevna Fotieva and Michail Yurjevich Shishin This book first published 2019 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2019 by Andrey Vladimirovich Ivanov, Irina Valerjevna Fotieva and Michail Yurjevich Shishin All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-2247-4 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-2247-3
7$%/(2)&217(176 ,QWURGXFWLRQ &KDSWHU2QH 0DLQ&KDUDFWHULVWLFVDQG3UREOHPVRI7HFKQRJHQLFDQG&RQVXPHU &LYLOL]DWLRQ ³2UGHURI%HLQJ´%RUGHUEHWZHHQWKH7ZR3HUVSHFWLYHV 0RGHUQ,UUDWLRQDOLVP ³(PSHURUZLWK1R&ORWKHV´ +XPDQ1DWXUH &KDSWHU7ZR /LQHVRI)RUPDWLRQRI6SLULWXDODQG(FRORJLFDO&LYLOL]DWLRQ $1HZ6\QWKHVLVRI6FLHQFH3KLORVRSK\DQG5HOLJLRQ &XOWXUHDQG$UW&ULWHULDRI$XWKHQWLFLW\ 7KH(FRQRP\RIWKH1H[W&HQWXU\5HIOHFWLRQVRI3KLORVRSKHUV ³7KH6WDWHRIWKH7UXWK´DVWKH3ROLWLFDO)RUPRIWKH1HZ:RUOG 2UGHU 7KH)LUVWµ6WHSV¶RIWKH1HZ&LYLOL]DWLRQWKH&DVHRI(XUDVLD &RQFOXVLRQ %LEOLRJUDSK\ ,QGH[
,1752'8&7,21 7KLVERRNLVWKHODWHVWLQDVHULHVRIZRUNVGHYRWHGWRWKHJURXQGLQJRI WKH HDUWK FRPPXQLW\¶V WUDQVLWLRQ IURP D technogenic and consumer FLYLOL]DWLRQWRDQHZspiritual and ecologicalRUnoosphericFLYLOL]DWLRQ 7KH ILUVW ERRN LQ WKH VHULHV HQWLWOHG Spiritual and Ecological Civilization: Foundations and PerspectivesZDVSXEOLVKHGLQ%XWLWV LGHDV KDG EHHQ ERUQ HDUOLHU GXULQJ D VHULHV RI LQWHUQDWLRQDO FRQIHUHQFHV ³$OWDL²&RVPRV²0LFURFRVP´ZKHUHWKHRUJDQL]HUVZHUHWKHDXWKRUV RI WKH ERRN %HJXQ LQ LQ %DUQDXO LQ WKH $OWDL 0RXQWDLQV WKHVH FRQIHUHQFHV FRQWLQXHG XS XQWLO $OO RI WKRVH LQYROYHG QRWHG WKHLU SHFXOLDULWLHV ² ILUVWO\ WKH YHU\ KLJK DFDGHPLF DQG LQWHOOHFWXDO OHYHO RI PRVWRIWKHSDSHUVDQGVHFRQGO\WKHUDUHXQDQLPLW\RIWKHPDMRULW\RIWKH SDUWLFLSDQWV 7KDW XQDQLPLW\ PDQLIHVWHG LWVHOI LQ WKH LQWLPDF\ RI WKH ZRUOGYLHZ WKDW TXLFNO\ HVWDEOLVKHG DQG SUHVHUYHG DFDGHPLF DQG KXPDQ FRQWDFWVIRUPDQ\\HDUV2XUILUVWERRNZDVGHYHORSHGIURPWKHGLVFXVVLRQV DQGKHDWHGGHEDWHVDWWKHVHFRQIHUHQFHVDQGWKHFRQFHSWRIDµVSLULWXDODQG HFRORJLFDOFLYLOL]DWLRQ¶HPHUJHGDWWKDWWLPH :H SXEOLVKHG WKH QH[W ZRUN Tablets of Metahistory: Creators and Stages of Spiritual and Ecological Civilization, LQ)LUVWUHIHUHQFLQJ FRQFUHWHKLVWRULFDOH[DPSOHVZHWULHGWRVKRZWKDWWKHLGHDORIVRFLDORUGHU ZDVQRWXWRSLDQQRWOHDVWEHFDXVHLWKDGEHHQUHDOL]HGPRUHWKDQRQFHLQ KXPDQ KLVWRU\ DOEHLW RQO\ SDUWLDOO\ DQG IRU D VKRUW WLPH $QG VHFRQG UHPDUNDEOHLQGLYLGXDOVGLVWLQJXLVKHGE\WKHLUKXPDQDQGPRUDOTXDOLWLHV DQG SRVVHVVLQJ D KLJK VHQVH RI EHORQJLQJ WR WKH ZRUOG ZHUH UHVSRQVLEOH IRUWKHUHDOL]DWLRQRIVXFKLGHDOVRFLDORUGHUV7KHLUHQHUJ\DQGGHGLFDWLRQ VSUHDGWRRWKHUSHRSOHWXUQLQJWKHZKHHORIKLVWRU\2XUPDLQLGHDZDVWKDW ,
6SLULWXDOLW\ PHDQV WKH KLJKHVW OHYHO RI SHUVRQDOLW\ GHYHORSPHQW LQ WKH 5XVVLDQ
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
,QWURGXFWLRQ
VXFK SHRSOH DQG QRW RUGLQDU\ SHRSOH SXUVXLQJ RQO\ WKHLU RZQ LQWHUHVWV HPERGLHG WKH KXPDQ LGHDO DQG WKH KXPDQ norm WR ZKLFK ZH VKRXOG DOO VWULYHLIZHZDQWHGWRKDYHDIXWXUH $QRWKHU LGHD H[SUHVVHG DQG JURXQGHG LQ WKH PRQRJUDSK RI Towards a New Civilization (Essays on a Spiritual and Ecological Worldview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
&+$37(521( 0$,1&+$5$&7(5,67,&6$1'352%/(062) 7(&+12*(1,&$1'&21680(5&,9,/,=$7,21 :H PD\ GHVFULEH WKH FXUUHQW KLVWRULFDO VLWXDWLRQ DV WKH SHDN RI WKH anthropogenic LH PDQPDGH chaos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x DIRFXVRQVRFDOOHGOLEHUDOYDOXHVGHPRFUDF\PDUNHWVWDWHRIWKH ODZ DVRQWKHYDOXHVRIXQLYHUVDOKXPDQQDWXUH x ZRUVKLSRIVFLHQWLILFDQGWHFKQLFDOSURJUHVV x EHLQJ LQ OLQHDU VRFLDO WLPH SUDFWLFDOO\ LJQRULQJ ELRVSKHULF DQG FRVPLFF\FOHVUK\WKPVDQGGHSHQGHQFH x D IRFXV RQ QDWXUH DV D FRPPRQSODFH HQYLURQPHQW VXEMHFW WR GHYHORSPHQWFKDQJHDQGVXERUGLQDWLRQWRWKHLQWHUHVWVRIPDQ x WKH LQGLYLGXDOLVP RI FLYLO VRFLHW\ RQO\ SDUWLDOO\ UHVWUDLQHG E\ GHPRFUDWLFOHJDOLQVWLWXWLRQV x DPHUFDQWLOLVWFXOWRIDEVWUDFWSURGXFWLYHODERUIRUSURILWDQGPRQH\ DVDXQLYHUVDOPHDVXUHRIHFRQRPLFHIILFLHQF\DQGSURGXFWLRQ x ZHDOWKDQGVRFLDOFDUHHUDVWKHFULWHULDRIVXFFHVVLQOLIH x WKH LQGXVWULDO ERXUJHRLVLH DQG WKH ILQDQFLDO ROLJDUFK\ DV WKH GRPLQDQWVRFLDOVWUDWD x WKH SULRULW\ RI LQGLUHFW UHODWLRQVKLSV OHJDO DQG HFRQRPLF EHIRUH GLUHFWRQHVIDPLO\IULHQGVKLSORYHVSLULWXDO EHWZHHQSHRSOH
&KDSWHU2QH
7KHVH VWDWHPHQWVZKLFK IRUP WKH EDVLVRI DOO VSKHUHVRI PRGHUQ OLIH KDYH FUHDWHG D QXPEHU RI VHULRXV DQG GHHSHQLQJ SUREOHPV :H VKDOO UHPLQGRXUVHOYHVRIWKHPRVWZLGHO\UHFRJQL]HGRQHV x 7KHGLVFUHSDQF\LQOLYLQJVWDQGDUGVLVFRQWLQXLQJWRJURZEHWZHHQ GHYHORSHGDQGXQGHUGHYHORSHGFRXQWULHV x 7KH JOREDO HQYLURQPHQWDO FULVLV LV GHHSHQLQJ GHVSLWH DOO RI WKH PHDVXUHVWDNHQDQGWKHUHVRXUFHVLQYHVWHGLQWKHSURWHFWLRQRIWKH HQYLURQPHQW x 'HVWDELOL]DWLRQRIWKHELRVSKHUHLVUHVXOWLQJLQDVWHDG\LQFUHDVHLQ WKHQXPEHUDQGVWUHQJWKRIQDWXUDOGLVDVWHUVDQGKXPDQORVVHV x 7KH QXPEHU DQG PDJQLWXGH RI DUPHG LQWHUVWDWH FRQIOLFWV KDYH UHDFKHG XQSUHFHGHQWHG OHYHOV DIWHU :RUOG :DU ,, 7KHUH LV D WHQGHQF\ WR LQFUHDVH WKH QXPEHU RI YLFWLPV DQG WKH GHJUHH RI VRSKLVWLFDWLRQRIWKHPHDQVRIGHVWUXFWLRQ7KHFLYLOLDQSRSXODWLRQ RIZDUWRUQFRXQWULHVLVHVSHFLDOO\YXOQHUDEOH x $Q REYLRXV GHJUDGDWLRQ RI WKH VSLULWXDO FXOWXUH RI PDQNLQG LV WDNLQJSODFH&KLOGUHQDUHDEOHWRRSHUDWHDFRPSXWHUVNLOOIXOO\DQG VXUI WKH ,QWHUQHW EXW WKH\ DUH EHVW NQRZQ IRU PRUDO LQIDQWLOLVP XQGHUGHYHORSPHQWRIWKHVNLOOVRIYHUEDODQGORJLFDOWKLQNLQJDQGD JHQHUDO ODFN RI FXOWXUH HVSHFLDOO\ LQ WKH VSKHUH RI WKH VRFLDO VFLHQFHVDQGWKHKXPDQLWLHV x 5HOLJLRXV H[WUHPLVP DQG IDQDWLFLVP DUH JURZLQJ WRJHWKHU ZLWK PLOLWDQW DWKHLVP DQG LUUHOLJLRQ DV ZHOO DV QDWLRQDOLVP DQG FRVPRSROLWDQLVP VLPXOWDQHRXVO\ 7KHVH GHDGHQG LGHRORJLFDO H[WUHPHV IHHG RII HDFK RWKHU DQG GHVWUR\ WKH VSLULWXDO IRXQGDWLRQV RIVRFLHW\ZKHUHWROHUDQFHRIRWKHUSHRSOH¶VYLHZVWKHEUHDGWKRI WKLQNLQJ DQG WKH ZLOO WR JRRG DUH WKH EDVLF YDOXHV RI KXPDQ FR H[LVWHQFH x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o Have or to Be
0DLQ&KDUDFWHULVWLFVDQG3UREOHPVRI7HFKQRJHQLFDQG&RQVXPHU &LYLOL]DWLRQ
³7KH *UHDW 3URPLVH RI 8QOLPLWHG 3URJUHVV ² WKH SURPLVH RI WKH GRPLQDWLRQRIQDWXUHRIPDWHULDODEXQGDQFHRIWKHJUHDWHVWKDSSLQHVVIRU WKHJUHDWHVWQXPEHUDQGRIXQLPSHGHGSHUVRQDOIUHHGRP²KDVVXVWDLQHG WKH KRSHV DQG IDLWK RI JHQHUDWLRQV VLQFH WKH EHJLQQLQJ RI WKH LQGXVWULDO DJH:HFRXOGIHHOWKDWZHZHUHRQRXUZD\WRXQOLPLWHGSURGXFWLRQDQG KHQFH XQOLPLWHG FRQVXPSWLRQ WKDW WHFKQLTXH PDGH XV RPQLSRWHQW WKDW VFLHQFH PDGH XV RPQLVFLHQW :H ZHUH RQ RXU ZD\ WR EHFRPLQJ JRGV VXSUHPHEHLQJVZKRFRXOGFUHDWHDVHFRQGZRUOGXVLQJWKHQDWXUDOZRUOG RQO\DVEXLOGLQJEORFNVIRURXUQHZFUHDWLRQ7KHDFKLHYHPHQWRIZHDOWK DQG FRPIRUW IRU DOO ZDV VXSSRVHG WR UHVXOW LQ XQUHVWULFWHG KDSSLQHVV IRU DOO´
%XWWKHLQGXVWULDODJHDV)URPPFRQWLQXHV ³ KDV LQGHHG IDLOHG WR IXOILOO LWV *UHDW 3URPLVH DQG HYHUJURZLQJ QXPEHUVRISHRSOHDUHEHFRPLQJDZDUHRIWKHIROORZLQJWKLQJV ± 8QUHVWULFWHG VDWLVIDFWLRQ RI DOO GHVLUHV LV QRW FRQGXFLYH WR ZHOOEHLQJ QRULVLWWKHZD\WRKDSSLQHVVRUHYHQWRPD[LPXPSOHDVXUH ± 7KH GUHDP RI EHLQJ LQGHSHQGHQW PDVWHUV RI RXU OLYHVHQGHG ZKHQ ZH EHJDQ DZDNHQLQJ WR WKH IDFW WKDW ZH KDYH DOO EHFRPH FRJV LQ WKH EXUHDXFUDWLFPDFKLQHZLWKRXUWKRXJKWVIHHOLQJVDQGWDVWHVPDQLSXODWHG E\ JRYHUQPHQW DQG LQGXVWU\ DQG WKH PDVV FRPPXQLFDWLRQV WKDW WKH\ FRQWURO ± (FRQRPLFSURJUHVVKDVUHPDLQHGUHVWULFWHGWRWKHULFKQDWLRQVDQGWKH JDSEHWZHHQULFKDQGSRRUQDWLRQVKDVHYHUZLGHQHG ± 7HFKQLFDO SURJUHVV LWVHOI KDV FUHDWHG HFRORJLFDO GDQJHUV DQG WKH GDQJHUVRIQXFOHDUZDUHLWKHURUERWKRIZKLFKPD\SXWDQHQGWRDOO FLYLOL]DWLRQDQGSRVVLEO\WRDOOOLIH´
7KH JHQHUDO FRQFOXVLRQ LV REYLRXV WHFKQRJHQLF DQG FRQVXPHU GHYHORSPHQW VWUDWHJLHV EDVHG RQ WKH XQOLPLWHG JURZWK RI PDWHULDO QHHGV DQGWKHGRPLQDWLRQRIPDUNHWLGHRORJ\WRJHWKHUZLWKXQUHVWUDLQHGWHFKQR HFRQRPLF H[SDQVLRQ DQG VRFLDO FRPSHWLWLRQ KDYH LQ WKH HQG OHG KXPDQLW\WRWKHEULQNRIDJOREDOFDWDVWURSKH
³2UGHURI%HLQJ´%RUGHUEHWZHHQWKH7ZR3HUVSHFWLYHV :H HPSKDVL]H WKDW WKH FROODSVH RI WKH WHFKQRJHQLF DQG FRQVXPHU PRGHO LV SULPDULO\ D FROODSVH RI LWVbasic ideas and values 7KHVHYDOXHV GHWHUPLQH WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI DOO VSKHUHV RI OLIH UDQJLQJ GLUHFWO\ RU LQGLUHFWO\ IURP VFLHQFH HGXFDWLRQ DUW WR HFRQRPLFV DQG SROLWLFV $QG )URPP(To ,ELG
Have or to Be?0RVFRZS
&KDSWHU2QH
DOWKRXJK PDQ\ DQDO\VWV DUH VWLOO VHDUFKLQJ IRU WKH FDXVHV RI JOREDO SUREOHPVLQWKHLPSHUIHFWLRQRIVSHFLILFPRGHOVDQGPHFKDQLVPVRIVRFLDO RUGHUWKHVHLQIDFWDUHPHUHO\VHFRQGDU\7KHrootsRIZKDWLVKDSSHQLQJ FDQEHIRXQGLQWKHIXQGDPHQWDOFKDQJHRIWUXHLGHDVDQGYDOXHVLQWRIDOVH DQG GHVWUXFWLYH RQHV ,Q VKRUW WKH REOLYLRQ RI WKH VSLULWXDO µYHUWLFDO¶ KLHUDUFK\ RI EHLQJ DQG WKH DEVROXWH SULRULW\ RI WKH µKRUL]RQWDO¶ µSK\VLFDO¶GLPHQVLRQVRIWKHZRUOG +HUH RI FRXUVH WKH TXHVWLRQ DULVHV KRZ ZH FDQ XQGHUVWDQG WKLV VSLULWXDOµYHUWLFDO¶KLHUDUFK\",QGHHGWKHYHU\QRWLRQRIVSLULWXDOLW\LVLWVHOI H[WUHPHO\ GLIILFXOW WR FRPSUHKHQG :LWKRXW HQWHULQJ LQWR D SKLORVRSKLFDO DQDO\VLV RI LWV QDWXUHZHQRWH RQO\ RQH RIWKH PRVW LPSRUWDQWDVSHFWV RI VSLULWXDOLW\WKHUHFRJQLWLRQRIWKHREMHFWLYH³RUGHURIEHLQJ´ %\WKLVREMHFWLYHRUGHURIEHLQJZHPHDQWKHIROORZLQJ WKHZRUOGLV unitedDWDOOOHYHOVQDWXUDOFRVPLFVRFLDODQGVSLULWXDO7KLVPHDQVWKDW DOORIXVDUHFRQQHFWHGZLWKHDFKRWKHUZLWKQDWXUHDQGZLWK*RGWKURXJK DFRPSOH[DQGXQLYHUVDOQHWZRUN WKLVXQLW\LVµEXLOW¶LQDFHUWDLQZD\ KDV D VWUXFWXUH WKHUH DUH measure, organization, and harmony LQ WKH ZRUOGDVRSSRVHGWRGLVKDUPRQ\DQGFKDRV 7KH ZRUOG RUGHU LV FOHDUO\ VHHQ LQ QDWXUH DQG WKLV ZRUOG RUGHU is reflectedLQWKHIRUPRImoral principles and the laws of mind8LQKXPDQ FRQVFLRXVQHVVDOEHLWLQDFRPSOLFDWHGZD\7KHVHODZVXQOLNHQDWXUHGR QRWIRUFHEXWGLUHFWWKXVSXWWLQJLQWRSODFHDVSLULWXDOµYHUWLFDO¶H[LVWHQFH :H PD\ LPDJLQH ILJXUDWLYHO\ WKDW the good, truth, and beauty DUH DW LWV µXSSHUHQG¶evil, lies, and uglinessDUHDWWKHµORZHUHQG¶,WLVNQRZQWREH WKH PRVW DQFLHQW SKLORVRSKLFDO DQG UHOLJLRXV LGHD DQG ZKLFK EHFRPHV NQRZQ DJDLQ WRGD\ VRPHWKLQJ ZH VKDOO WDON RI ODWHU +HQFH WKH EDVLF philosophical and ethical principlesQDWXUDOO\IROORZ :HXVHWKLVFRQVHUYDWLYHWHUPGHOLEHUDWHO\ ,W LV QRW LPSRUWDQW KRZ ZH XQGHUVWDQG WKLV QRWLRQ ,W PD\ EH D 6XSUDSHUVRQ $EVROXWH7DRRUDVHWRILGHDOVEULQJLQJLQWREHLQJWKH VSLULW RI3ODWR¶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
0DLQ&KDUDFWHULVWLFVDQG3UREOHPVRI7HFKQRJHQLFDQG&RQVXPHU &LYLOL]DWLRQ
the ministry of the SupremeWKDWLVEH\RQGP\LQGLYLGXDOH[LVWHQFH DQG EULQJV WR OLIH LWV SXUSRVH DQG PHDQLQJ WKH VHUYLFH RI *RG VFLHQFHDUWKXPDQLW\ WKH UHFRJQLWLRQ DQG DVVXPSWLRQ RI WKH value of an other’s being ERWK SK\VLFDO DQG VSLULWXDO EHJLQQLQJ ZLWK WKH FRPPDQGPHQWV ³WKRX VKDOW QRW NLOO´ ³WKRX VKDOW QRW VWHDO´ DQG HQGLQJ LQ WKH DSSURYDO RI WKH VSLULWXDO YDOXH RI DQRWKHU SHUVRQDOLW\ KLV RU KHU IUHHGRPGLJQLW\DQGULJKWV +HQFHWKHUHIXVDORIVHOILVKQHVVDQG LQGLYLGXDOLVPDQGWKHDSSURYDORIDFRQFLOLDWRU\OLIHIROORZZLWKLQ WKHVHSDUDPHWHUV WKH UHVSRQVLELOLW\ IRU RXU RZQ EHLQJ SULPDULO\ IRU self-development WKHUHDOL]DWLRQRIRXURZQKXPDQSRWHQWLDO $QGZHVKRXOGDFFHSWWZRXQLYHUVDOSULQFLSOHVILUVWhard workLQDOO RI LWV IRUPV ZKLFK ZH XVH WR EXLOG RXU HQYLURQPHQW DQG RXUVHOYHV DQG VHFRQGduty and self-discipline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³WKH FRQQHFWLQJ WKRXJKW´ 2QH RI KLV FKDUDFWHUV WHOOV WKH PHGLHYDO VWRU\ DERXW WKH PDQ ZKR KDG FRPPLWWHG D VHULHV RI FULPHV DJDLQVWWKHFKXUFKLQWKHQRYHO³7KH,GLRW´ PRUDOODZV%XWDOOWKHVDPHWKHµFRUH¶RINQRZOHGJHJUDGXDOO\LQFUHDVHVDQGWKLV NQRZOHGJHLVQRWGHEDWDEOH 7KLV FRPPDQGPHQW DV ZH NQRZ KDV DOZD\V EHHQ WKH VXEMHFW RI GHEDWH DQG GLIIHUHQWLQWHUSUHWDWLRQVIRUH[DPSOHFRQFHUQLQJWKHVFRSHRILWVDSSOLFDWLRQ+RZ IDU VKRXOG WKLV FRPPDQGPHQW EH VSUHDG IRU H[DPSOH WR WKH HQHPLHV RI WKH KRPHODQG",VLWSRVVLEOHWRNLOOWKRVHZKRHQFURDFKXSRQVRPHRQHHOVH¶VOLIH",Q RXU RSLQLRQ WKHUH LV D a context IRU WKH SULQFLSOH DSSOLFDWLRQ E WKH PRUDO GHPDQGIRUDQDFWLYHSURWHFWLRQRIJRRGIURPHYLO)RUH[DPSOHUHVLVWLQJDVVDXOW ZHdefend the principle ‘thou shalt not kill’ from the attacks of the anti-principle to ‘kill’.7KHGLIIHUHQFHLVQRWRQO\WKDWµZHGLGQRWVWDUWILUVW¶EXWWKDWZHaim not to kill, but to stop evil,I\RXKDYHWKHRSSRUWXQLW\WRFRQIURQWWKHRWKHU¶VPHWKRGV ZHVKRXOGXVHWKHP,IQRWDQGWKHHQHP\GLHVLWLVDVDGQHFHVVLW\QRWDJRDO (VSHFLDOO\LWVVRXUFH7DR/RJRV%UDKPDQ1RXVSHUVRQDO*RGHWF
&KDSWHU2QH
³7KH FULPLQDO HQGV XS E\ JRLQJ DQG LQIRUPLQJ RQ KLPVHOI WR WKH FOHUJ\:KR PDGH KLP JR DQG LQIRUP RQ KLPVHOI" 7KXV WKHUH ZDV VRPHWKLQJ VWURQJHU WKDQ ILUHV DQG OLJKWV DQG HYHQ D WZHQW\\HDU KDELW 7KXV WKHUH ZDV WKH VWURQJHVW WKRXJKW over DOO GLVDVWHUV FURS IDLOXUHV WRUWXUH SODJXH OHSURV\ DQG DOO WKDW KHOO WKDW PDQNLQG ZRXOG QHYHU KDYH VWRRG ZLWKRXW WKDW FRQQHFWLQJ GLUHFWLQJ WKH KHDUW DQG OLIHIHUWLOL]LQJ WKRXJKW>HPSKDVLVDGGHG@6KRZPHDQ\WKLQJVLPLODUWRVXFKIRUFHLQRXU FHQWXU\6KRZPHWKHWKRXJKWFRQQHFWLQJPDQNLQGQRZZLWKDWOHDVWKDOI WKH IRUFH DV LQ WKRVH FHQWXULHV 0RUH ZHDOWK EXW OHVV VWUHQJWK WKH FRQQHFWLQJWKRXJKWKDVIDLOHG´
'RVWRHYVN\¶VLGHDLVFOHDUSHRSOHXVHGWREHOLHYHWKDWWKHUHZDVVWLOOD KLJKHURUGHUDERYHKXPDQHYLODQGKHQFHWKHUHZDVDFKDQFHRIVDOYDWLRQ /DWHU WKH RXWVWDQGLQJ 5XVVLDQ SKLORVRSKHU 9 6 6RORY\RY VDLG LQ KLV VHFRQGVSHHFK³,Q0HPRU\RI'RVWRHYVN\´WKDWWKHHVVHQFHRIIDLWKZDV WKH EHOLHI WKDW WKHUH ZDV DQ LQYLVLEOH IRUFH RI WKH ZRUOG¶V JRRG RYHU DQG DERYH WKH YLVLEOH SRZHU RI WKH ZRUOG¶V HYLO 7KDW OLJKW ZDV HYHQ JOLPPHULQJ LQ WKH KHDUW RI KHDUWV RI PDQ\ FULPLQDOV DV WKH ³FRQQHFWLQJ WKRXJKW´ DV D UHIOHFWLRQ RI WKDW VSLULWXDO YHUWLFDO FRQQHFWLQJ WKH ZKROH ZRUOGIURP*RGWRDEODGHRIJUDVVLQWKHOLYLQJ:KROH$VVRRQDVWKDW ³FRQQHFWLQJ WKRXJKW´ ZDV ORVW DV VRRQ DV WKH WUXH IDLWK EHJDQ WR GLVLQWHJUDWHWKHGHFD\RIWKHLQGLYLGXDODQGVRFLHW\EHJDQ +RZGLGWKDWSURFHVVVWDUW",WVWDUWHGZKHQWKHZRUOGRUGHUFHDVHGWREH FRQQHFWHG ZLWK WKH $EVROXWH*RG LH WKH KLJKHU VSLULWXDO UHDOLW\ 5HOLJLRXV IDLWK ZDV UHSODFHG E\ D IDLWK LQ D UDWLRQDO RUGHU LQ WKH KXPDQ PLQGIXHOHGE\DIDLWKLQ³WKHQDWXUDORUGHU´RIQDWXUH$QGWKRVHEHOLHIV XOWLPDWHO\IDLOHGEHLQJDWWDFNHGIURPWZRVLGHVLQWKHWZHQWLHWKFHQWXU\ )LUVWO\WKHIDLWKLQSURJUHVVDQGLQWKHµPDQRIVHQVH¶ZDVVKDWWHUHG HVSHFLDOO\DIWHUWKHPDGQHVVRIWZRZRUOGZDUVDQGWKHRQVHWRIDSROLWLFDO ³QHZRUGHU´LQWKHIRUPRIFRORQLDOLVPLPSHULDOLVPDQGWKHPDQLSXODWLRQ RI PDVV FRQVFLRXVQHVV 2EYLRXVO\ VXFK D YLROHQW SVHXGRRUGHU LQYLWHG OHJLWLPDWH SURWHVW %XW WKH SURWHVW LWVHOI VXIIHUHG DQ DODUPLQJ UHYHUVDO DFFHQWXDWLQJ WKH FKDRV DQG LUUDWLRQDO µXQGHUJURXQG¶ RI WKH KXPDQ VRXO DQG LQWURGXFLQJ WKLV LQWR SKLORVRSK\ DQG DUW &RQVHTXHQWO\ WR DQ LQFUHDVLQJ GHJUHH WKH YHU\ LGHD RI RUGHU ZDV VXEMHFW WR GHQLDO 7KLV GHQLDOUHDFKHGLWVSHDNLQWKHSRVWPRGHUQSKLORVRSK\RIWKHVHFRQGKDOIRI WKH WZHQWLHWK FHQWXU\ $W WKDW WLPH UHDVRQ PRUDOLW\ HGXFDWLRQ DQG ) 0 The Idiot. ,Q 'RVWRHYVN\ ) 0 &RPSOHWH :RUNV LQ YROXPHV9RO/HQLQJUDGS 7KHDXWKRUVPHDQPDQ¶VFRQVFLRXVDZDUHQHVVRUUDWLRQDOLW\ 7KHDELOLW\WRWKLQNDQGEHKDYHLQDUHDVRQDEOHZD\DQGWRPDNHJRRGGHFLVLRQV SHFXOLDUWRFRPPRQVHQVHLVPHDQWKHUH 'RVWRHYVN\
0DLQ&KDUDFWHULVWLFVDQG3UREOHPVRI7HFKQRJHQLFDQG&RQVXPHU &LYLOL]DWLRQ
XSEULQJLQJ ZHUH GHFODUHG µUHSUHVVLYH¶ DOO VXSSUHVVLQJ KXPDQ IUHHGRP 0RUHRYHU WKH YHU\ FRQFHSW RI SHUVRQDOLW\ ORVW LWV RQWRORJLFDO FHQWHU DQG ZDV VSOLW LQWR µPLFURWH[WV¶ VRFLDO UROHV HWF ,QWHJUDO VRFLDO DQG PRUDOO\ UHVSRQVLEOH SHUVRQDOLW\ ZDV UHSODFHG E\ GHFHQWHUHG SOD\ DQG RI FRXUVH LUUHVSRQVLELOLW\ 6HFRQGO\ WKH VLPSOH DQG FOHDU VFLHQWLILF ZRUOGYLHZ RI WKH QLQHWHHQWK FHQWXU\ SDVVHG LQWR REOLYLRQ 7KH VXFFHVV RI QDWXUDO VFLHQFH KDV GLVFRYHUHGWKHIULJKWHQLQJFRPSOH[LW\RIWKHZRUOGRUGHUHVSHFLDOO\ZKHQ VWXG\LQJWKHVWUXFWXUHRIPDWWHUDQGLQILQLW\RIWKH8QLYHUVH5HDVRQDQG FRPPRQVHQVHIDLOHGWRJDLQNQRZOHGJHRIRXU8QLYHUVH1HZGLUHFWLRQV LQJQRVHRORJ\SXWDQHQGWRWKHSURXGFODLPVRIPDQDVEHLQJ³WKHNLQJRI QDWXUH´ DEOH WR FRJQL]H WKH ZRUOG ,W ZDV FRQFOXGHG WKDW ZH GLG QRW DFWXDOO\NQRZWKHZRUOGEXWRQO\µGHVLJQHG¶ LWDQGWKHUHIRUHKDGQRULJKW WRFODLPWKDWWKHUHZDVDQREMHFWLYHRUGHULQQDWXUHLQIDFWLWLVRXUPLQG WKDWLPSRVHVRUGHURQDQXQNQRZDEOHUHDOLW\FUHDWLQJQRWKLQJPRUHWKDQ DQLPDJH 7KLV SURFHVV ZDV DFFRPSDQLHG E\ WKH SUDJPDWLVP RI VFLHQWLILF DQG WHFKQLFDO SURMHFWV DLPHG DW WKH FUHDWLRQ RI ERGLO\ FRPIRUW DQG WKH PDLQWHQDQFHRIDOONLQGVRIKXPDQGHVLUHVLQFOXGLQJSHUYHUVHRQHV 6XPPDUL]LQJZHPD\VD\WKDW'RVWRHYVN\¶VSURSKHF\FDPHWUXHE\ WKHHQGRIWKHWKFHQWXU\LIWKHUHLVQR*RGHYHU\WKLQJLVSHUPLWWHG DQGWKHVFRSHRIZKDWZDVµSHUPLWWHG¶IDUVXUSDVVHGWKHIHDUVRIWKHJUHDW ZULWHU %XWWKHQHZVWFHQWXU\KDVEURXJKWQHZµDFKLHYHPHQWV¶$PDVVLYH DWWDFN KDV EHJXQ RQ WKH ODVW EXOZDUNV RI RUGHU RQ WKH IDPLO\ DQG WKH XSEULQJLQJ RI FKLOGUHQ RQ WKH QRUPDO UHODWLRQV EHWZHHQ WKH VH[HV 0RUHRYHUPDVVLYHDWWDFNVKDYHEHODXQFKHGDJDLQVWWKHIXQFWLRQDOODZVRI WKH OLYLQJ RUJDQLVP LQFOXGLQJ WKH KXPDQ DQG ILQDOO\ RQ PDQ DV VXFK 7KH DSRORJLVWV RI WUDQVKXPDQLVP DIILUP WKDW µF\ERUJPDQ¶ GHYRLG RI DOO KXPDQLW\ LV QRZ HQWHULQJ WKH VWDJH :H JLYH D IHZ H[DPSOHV IRU LOOXVWUDWLYHSXUSRVHV ³«7KH\WHDFKIURPVFKRROGD\VRQZDUGVLQ1RUZD\WKDWWKHQRWLRQRID µWUDGLWLRQDO IDPLO\¶ LV KRSHOHVVO\ RXW RI GDWH DQG HYHQ D VSHFLDO &HQWHU XQGHUWKH0LQLVWU\RI&KLOGUHQ(TXDOLW\DQG6RFLDO,QFOXVLRQKDVEHHQVHW %XWDOWKRXJKFRQVWUXFWLYLVPPHQWLRQHGDERYHFRQWDLQVDVLJQLILFDQWPRPHQWRI WUXWKFRQVLVWLQJRILWVUHFRJQLWLRQRIWKHLQIOXHQFHRIPDQ\IDFWRUVRQWKHOHDUQLQJ SURFHVV DQG WKH µRYHUJURZLQJ¶ RI WKH UHFHLYHG LPDJH E\ D PDVV RI VXEMHFWLYH µPDNHZHLJKWV¶ LQ WKH DFWLYLW\ RI WKH FRJQL]LQJ VXEMHFW LW LV PLVWDNHQ ZKHQ LWV H[WUHPHV DUH IDOVHO\ DEVROXWL]HG :H DUH FORVH WR WKH YLHZSRLQW RI WKH IDPRXV 5XVVLDQSKLORVRSKHU9$/HFWRUVN\ZKLFKKHFDOOHGµFRQVWUXFWLYHUHDOLVP¶
&KDSWHU2QH
XSWRUXQHGXFDWLRQDOSURJUDPVWKDWDLPWRFXOWLYDWHFKLOGUHQ¶VDWWLWXGHWR VRGRP\ DV WKH QRUP 7KRVH ZKR SURWHVW DJDLQVW WKH LQYROYHPHQW RI PLQRUVLQWKHSHUYHUWV¶DFWLRQDUHDFFXVHGRIµODFNRIWROHUDQFH¶´ ³7KH)UHQFKDXWKRULWLHVKDYHDQQRXQFHGWKDWWKH\LQWHQGWRGLVEDQGWKH UHOLJLRXVFRPPXQLWLHVZKRVHµPHPEHUVDUHVKRZLQJVLJQVRIIDQDWLFLVP¶ WUDGLWLRQDO5RPDQ&DWKROLFVLQSDUWLFXODU7KHUHDVRQVDUHREYLRXV,QWKH RSLQLRQ RI WKH (8¶V OHDGHUVKLS &KULVWLDQLW\ LV D WKUHDW WR WKH LGHDV RI (XURSHDQLQWHJUDWLRQEHFDXVHLWFRQIOLFWVZLWKWKHQHZµ(XURSHDQYDOXHV¶ VXFKDVVDPHVH[µPDUULDJHV¶RUWKHV\VWHPRIWRWDOFRQWURO´ ³7KH OHJDOL]DWLRQ RI LQFHVW LV VHULRXVO\ EHLQJ GLVFXVVHG LQ WKH (8 (XURSHDQ SROLWLFLDQV SUHVHQW LQFHVW DV D (XURSHDQ µJHQGHU QRUP¶ LQ WKH SUHVV DQG RQ 79 7KXV LW LV VXJJHVWHG WR LQWURGXFH WKH QRWLRQ RI µLQFHVW SKRELD¶E\DQDORJ\ZLWKµKRPRSKRELD¶DQGWRSXQLVKH[SUHVVLRQVRIµLQFHVW SKRELD¶ 6H[XDO UHODWLRQVKLSV EHWZHHQ D IDWKHU DQG D GDXJKWHU D PRWKHU DQG D VRQ D EURWKHU DQG D VLVWHU DQG DOO WKH UHODWLYHV LQFOXGLQJ EORRG UHODWLYHVDUHSURSRVHGWREHµJHQGHUQRUPV¶´ ³,QVWLWXWLRQV RI WKH MXYHQLOH MXGLFLDU\ FRQWURO WKH EHKDYLRU RI SDUHQWV DQG FKLOGUHQIXOO\7KHPDLQWKHVLVRIWKHDXWKRULWLHVLVWKDWELRORJLFDOSDUHQWV PXVWQRWKDYHSULRULW\LQWKHHGXFDWLRQRIWKHLURZQFKLOGUHQ,WLVOHJDOO\ IRUELGGHQ WR FU\ LQ 1RUZD\ WHDUV DUH D VLJQ RI HPRWLRQDO LQVWDELOLW\ $ 0RWKHU¶VWHDUVKDYLQJORVWKHUFKLOGUHQGXHWRWKHMXYHQLOHMXGLFLDU\ZLOO EHHYLGHQFHLQFRXUWWKDWVKHLVXQVWDEOHRUFUD]\DQGZLOORQO\DJJUDYDWH WKHµJXLOW¶´ ³7KH%HOJLDQ3DUOLDPHQWKDVDSSURYHGHXWKDQDVLDIRUPLQRUVE\YRWHV WR %HOJLXP EHFDPH WKH VHFRQG FRXQWU\ LQ WKH ZRUOG DIWHU WKH 1HWKHUODQGVWRDOORZFKLOGUHQWRFRPPLWVXLFLGH´
7KHPRVWLPSRUWDQWWKLQJLVWKDWWKHVHSKHQRPHQDDUHQRWUDQGRPDQG LVRODWHG7KLVLVDGHOLEHUDWHRUJDQL]HGDWWDFNRQWKHIRXQGDWLRQVRIKXPDQ &KHFKXOHVN\
$ 7KH\ RUJDQL]H JD\ SDUDGHV IRU NLGV LQ WKH ILUVW IRUP LQ 6FDQGLQDYLD²85/KWWSZZZWYUXQHZVVRFLDO )UDQFHDVWKHFUDGOHRIWKHUHYROXWLRQ²85/ KWWSFRPPXQLWDULDQUXQRYRVWLYPLUHYRBIUDQFLLBRILFLDOQRBRE\DYLOLBRBQDFKDOHB JRQHQL\BQDBKULVWLDQB"ELWUL[BLQFOXGHBDUHDV