Speak Mandarin: Workbook 0300004540, 9780300004540

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SPEAK MANDARIN :— Student's Workbook

Henry C. Fenn : Helen T. Lin . Henry T. K. Kuo

` Joseph Kuo

Yale Language Series

SPEAK MANDARIN A Beginning Text in Spoken Chinese Student’s Workbook

Henry C. Fenn Helen T. Lin Henry T. K. Kuo

Joseph Kuo

Yale University Press, New Haven and London

Copyright © 1967 by Yale University. All rights reserved. This book may not be

reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by

reviewers for the public press), without written

permission from the publishers. Set in Documentary type,

and printed in the United States of America by The Murray Printing Co., Westford, Mass. Library of Congress catalog card number:

67—24499

ISBN: o—300-00454-0 (cloth), o—-300-00085-5 (paper) This work was developed pursuant to a contract between the United States Office of Education and Yale University and is published with the permission of the United States Office of Education,

Department of Health, Education and Welfare.

A

710

FOREWORD When a student approaches the study of a lesson, his choice of methods should be determined primarily by two considerations: (1) what methods promise the highest degree of language competence as an end result, and (2) what methods avoid waste of time and effort? The best results in terms of fluency alone are probably obtained by living in the cultural environment of the target language and carrying on all of one's daily communication through it. But this is not practicable for most students, by reason of cost, time, and other factors.

Most of us must be content with a program of studies located in another land where everyday-life communications must be simulated rather than real and where time exposure will be limited to a few scheduled hours. Under such less-tha nideal circumstances, it becomes all the more important to the student to use methods which tend to conserve his time by avoiding unproductive activities. Objectives

The student's first objective is to understand what is said in the target language, the second to participate intelligibly in normal conversation. His third is to recognize and read the ideographic writing in which Chinese books are printed, and the fourth (desirable but less common) to recall from memory and write correctly the characters needed for communicating his own thoughts. The average student under normal conditions will inevitably understand more rapidly than he can learn to express, will express orally more than he can read, and will read with understanding more than he can write without recourse to character lists. This normal proportion may of course be modified by specialized instruction stressing one aspect in preference to others. Comprehension When one is learning a language, comprehension naturally takes precedence in time. Let us profit by the fact and start each lesson by listening to a normal conversation or narrative. The opportunity to do this is the greatest deprivation of having to study in America rather than in China. And perhaps it matters less than the inexperienced student may think that unfamiliar terms may occur in the selection to which he listens. This approach also is realistic: the student strolling down a Chinese street and stopping to see how much of a casual conversation he can understand is in exactly this situation. There are certain inherent values in the method. First, the student has the satisfaction of knowing that this is the real stuff, not just a set of artificial model sentences constructed by the teacher. Then, he will find both words and patterns used in a natural context or setting rather than in isolation. He is challenged to guess at meanings of new terms, and even at the significance of new patterns; this provides motivation. The very fact of meeting a new term in a setting where the overall meaning of the conversation depends on guessing right will help the student classify words according to their functional importance.

Principle

1.

Start your study of each lesson by listening to a sound recording of the introductory dialogue.

1. Hear it all the way through without stopping. 2. Now

listen sentence

stopping after each to repeat aloud and

by sentence, V

Introduction

vi

you don't like your check your pronunciation and sentence rhythm. If another try. make and again over ce rendering, hear the senten break. Do not attempt to 3. Listen again to the connected dialogue, without ve is to get complete objecti your listen: you as word by translate word listening, report to ideas, not isolated words. At the close of the second g. (You are not tandin unders in ded yourself on how much you have succee yet.) e dialogu this te transla to supposed to be able end of the lesson 4. If you are curious about what it did mean, turn to the not as parts. counter English their yet paired off the individual words with and read the translation.

Now

you have the story, but you have

Vocabulary y, and By this time you have guessed many of the words in the new vocabular you items the off Check without going through the labor of direct memorization. much so , recording a of aid the with done have not yet acquired: (If this can be other words, that the better.) Be sure to hear and see each item in the context of word can is, ina sentence. Don’t be satisfied with learning it in isolation. Any setting you the In sentence. or be fully understood only in the context of a phrase be used may it how also but it of face the on means word learn not only what the to express an idea. It soon becomes evident that there are two groups of vocabulary items: (1) labels for things and actions, whose use requires little if any illustration; (2) structural items, whose meaning cannot be separated from the pattern in which they are used, and which therefore require more illustration. In studying your vocabulary, use the same principle you applied to the dialogues:

listen if possible,

say each illustrative

sentence

correct

aloud,

your-

self, note the meaning in a setting. Sentence

Structure

With the introduction of structural patterns you come to the heart of the lesson, for patterns of speech are the skeletons on which you hang appropriate

vocabulary items that you have learned. How does one go about learning a pattern? Words can be memorized; patterns must be practiced. This practice can be greatly aided by committing to memory certain model sentences. This method, though sound, should not be the exclusive approach to patterns. The human mind as it matures learns to generalize from one or more examples to derive a principle. It may then go on to visualize the principle in some graphic form to help retain word order and functional relation. We need here to avoid two common errors. It has sometimes been assumed that to learn a rule of grammar is to learn the language. At.the opposite extreme is the view that one need learn no rules at all but merely memorize sentences. In one radical experiment the program reportedly consisted of 2,000 model sentences

to be memorized.

likely to result in fluency,

conversation.

But common

may be a set of model

Of the two errors,

the latter

is perhaps

since the student does acquire usable

sense

sentences

suggests

compromise.

The core

which illustrate basic patterns

more

materials

of of a lesson

of speech,

but

the mature (or maturing) individual benefits from an intellectual recognition of the functions of words and from generalizations about the standards of sentence structure.

Introduction

Principle Note

2.

vii

Memorize

that the basic

a model

sentence

text, Speak

laboratory materials; from these then a simple model sentence is tence than to remember a theory in geometric pattern or in letter

for each pattern.

Mandarin,

offers

several

sentences

as

a generalized structural pattern is deduced; matched to it. It is easier to memorize a senabout it. The accompanying graph, whether symbols, is a device to aid the visually minded.

Notes

Here you will find explanations of certain details in the patterns which have been presented and additional grammatical points which do not call for graphic presentation or rate as major sentence patterns. You have now covered the materials presented in the basic text of Speak Mandarin. Principle

3.

Language competence is attained not through.learning facts but through acquiring habits.

At this point you have learned about some structural patterns which the Chinese use in everyday speech. You should have memorized a few model sen-

tences. So far it has been largely brain work. You are already in command of a set of speech habits, derived from years of speaking English. But you cannot expect these same habits to apply in speaking Chinese. What you need is new habits: and habits are learned primarily through frequent repetition. The Workbook offers a wide range of exercises, all aimed at helping you to acquire new speech habits and new thought habits. When you THINK like a Chinese, you will have mastered the language. Principle

4.

Substitution

Repeat!

Repeat! Repeat! aloud, and in every correct combination of words you can think of.

Tables

These exercises are based on the principle that the best way to acquire a new sentence pattern is to use it over and over until it becomes a part of you. pattern is set up in symbols, such as S— V— O (subject, verb, object). Under each element of the pattern is a list of words which may stand in that position

A

and with the function indicated by the symbol. Your self-drill consists in making up all possible (sensible) combinations within the pattern. 'This process is laborious, but it establishes new patterns of speech behavior. Pyramid Drills

While the substitution tables stress fixed patterns, the pyramid drills stress flexibility, showing how basic elements may be expanded to serve more elaborate thought. The use consists in saying aloud each step of the pyramid, starting from the apex and working down. The student then builds similar pyramids of his own. Question and Answer

You may be asked a question in Chinese, or be given a possible answer for conwhich you must find an appropriate question. This is the first step toward of largely consisted have activities language your point, Up to this versation.

Introduction

viii

ly, saying what mimicking models. Here you start to use the language creative has just said. teacher or tape, book, your what you choose to say rather than Situations

The goal of language learning is to get to the point where you can say correctly what you want to say in any given situation. Consequently, as early as possible in the course, the teacher sets for the class a clearly defined situation and assigns to one or more students a role in the conversational interplay appropriate to the situation. The student must decide what he should say in circumstances defined by the developing situation. The only direct preparation you can make is to set yourself situations and work them out, preferably with the aid of other students. Translation

Translation exercises are of many kinds. A simple type is a set of sentences More advanced are the with spaces left for you to fill with appropriate words. English to Chinese, from writing, in translated be to sets of complete sentences and handed in for correction. (Written translation from Chinese to English tends to waste student and teacher time; if you learn to express yourself in Chinese, you will have little trouble with translating Chinese into English.

Comprehension This is the activity with which you start each lesson, when you listen to the introductory dialogue or story. Other exercises in aural comprehension are given in the classroom by the teacher or in the laboratory from a recording. Sometimes the teacher speaks faster than the student can follow, and the student complains that he can’t keep up. This usually indicates he is trying to translate to himself word by word, so that the speaker is giving the tenth word while the student is still on the second. Now if the teacher slows down to a pace which the student can follow, the student learns to depend on slowed-down speech. But the objective of the course is to prepare the student for normal conversational situations. Rapid-fire comprehension exercises have good results in the long run,

for the student,

bewildered

at the start,

soon

learns

to follow.

What can be done to help the student over the initial period of slow reaction?

Principle

5.

In listening to Chinese spoken, do not attempt to translate word by word: wait until you have heard the entire phrase or sentence.

But, the student argues, by the time I have heard the last word, I have forgotten what went before it. True; the instructor must repeat each item a second time to make the rapid-fire approach effective. The first time, the student tries to repeat the material to get the words in mind, the second time, he tries to grasp the meaning not of single words but of whole thoughts. Eventually the second reading becomes unnecessary. The thing for the student to remember is that the word-by-word method of translation dooms him to continuing frustration for an indefinite period; the complete-thought approach will more speedily get him past the frustration point.

CONTENTS Foreword

SE

ndan

eeh non sen vanto) RMtetelatYekte. ae TT

V

li@søon 1. Eunctive and 6tative Sentences.....................

1

19565012.

............‹.. co

6

...................

iul

Lesson

The Indirect Object— Auxiliary Verhs

3. Specifiers—Numbers—

EELE EE EA R

EE

VE VA ENA

PA

A

E

E

TEE

EE

Measures

AN

E EE Ee

Ee ee

Lesson

46

a oo o aeniea

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Lesson

12.

pescon

ddon Relative Time ~

Time

Expressions

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v

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2000

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fel ee

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Lesson

nn n nan n nmn 16. The Bă Cønetruction......... ‹nn

Lesson

17.

Resultative

Lesson

18.

Similarity and Comparison

Lesson

19.

Separation and Distance.......

Lesson 20: EE

Coverbs CECR

Compound

(637/204

00

Verbs......-----+-++++++see+e-

0

. s =e-

62

9 0o

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2200

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126 132

140

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75

before and after the Verb

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60

E

E

Messonel-.completed Action— Time When

54

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EE

E

e

9. Coverbs of Interest— Indefinites and Inclusives

IcssonstUxNIovement'and

33 38

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MARE

EE

Moser té

an^ SO

máu- dwö

wüjang-dwo Amount

per Unit

a. jüng jwodz shémma yidz nis bàu hwar

(mài or shr) wükwai chyán ( a ) Iyòukwai-èr ) sèkwai-èr? ( H ( ì ) sankwai- ji ) ermau- jyóu ( n ) wüfen chyán ( E ) shfkwai-ban ( P

b. yikwai chyan sanfen chyan lyángmau-wü SZkwai-wü jikwai chyán dwoshau chyán

(mái) yijàng ( " ) lyăngge ( " ) sànbén ( " ) shrjang ( " ) shfjang? ( " ) shfjang?

The Whole

the Part

before

yige rén yigè sange rén wüge lyăngge rén yibén lyòuge rén sanjang jige rén sankwai? dwoshau rén sànkwài?

1. Jéi wübén shü, yóude háu, yóude buháu. Jèi shfèrge rén, youde shr wo péngyou, yóude büshr. Néi s2jang hwàr, lyángjang dà, lyángjang syáu. Néisyewei syànsheng, shfjiwei shr nánde, shfjiwei shr nyüde.

Nèisye chyan, yiban shr tade, yiban shr wòde. 2. Jéi sanben shu, wo jyou yau yibén. Néi yibáige háidz, wo jyóu syihwan shige.

Néi sãnchyãnge byáu, wo jyóu géi ta yige. Néi jishrge péngyou, wo jyóu ching wüge. 3. Jéi sanben shu, you yiben shr Jünggwo shü. Jèi sège Jünggwo rén, yóu lyángwei sying Jàu.

Néi chige háidz, yóu yige shr wóde. Néi bàjang hwàr, yóu chijàng wó busyihwan. 4. Néi shrge mingdz, ta dou Néibén Fàgwo shü, tàmen Néi shfjàng hwáàr, tà dou Néi babén shü, jyéjye géi

C.

jrdau, wó.jyou jrdau sànge. dou düng, wómen jyóu dũng yiban. syihwan, wò jyòu syihwan sanjang. tà chibén, jyóu géi wó yibén.

‘Some,’ ‘Any,’ and ‘None’

1. You You You You

yige sywésheng you chyan. lyángge Jünggwo rén sying Li. sè2wei syáujye géi wo bř. yige péngyou méiyou mingdz.

2. (Méi)yóurén (Méi)yóurén (Méi)yóurén (Méi)yóurén

shwoó ni méiyou tàitai. shwoó ni shr háu sywésheng. syihwan ni. busyihwan ni.

Lesson

30

D.

5. Money and Price

Sentence-Objects

1. Gausu ta shémma?

Gausu ta wd you lyangjang Jinggwo hwar.

Ta gausu wo nèige rén hèn haukan. Shéi gausu ni néige rén haukan. Ta gàusung ni néige dà? Tà bugàusung wo tà yàu jige.

Tà bugàusung wo tà shr shéi. 2. Wó jrdau tà yóu tàitai. Ta bujfdau wó hén máng. Shéi jrdau ta shr Janggwo rén? 3. Ni Ni Ni Ni

jrdau jrdau jrdau jrdau

jèige gwèi ma? néige gwèi ma? shéi you chyấn ma? ta sying shémma ma?

4. Ni jrdau jèige gwéi bujrdau? Ni jrdau néige gwèi bujrdau? Ni jrdau shéi you chyan bujrdau? ‘5. Ni jrdau bujrdau jéige gwéi. Ni jrdau bujrdau néige gwéi,

Ni jrdau bòjrdau shéi you chyan. Ni jrdau büjrdàu tà sying shémma? 6. Ni jrdau ta you chyan ma? Wò jrdau ta you chyan. Ni jfdau ta shr sywésheng ma? Bujrdau. Ni jrdau bòjrdau néige dà jwodz shr wòde? Ni taitai gausung wo néige syau jwodz shr nide. Ni jrdau néige jyàu shémma ma? WóÓ jrdau, néige jyàu jwodz. Ta jrdau ni sying shémma ma? Wò gausung ta wò sying Gau. Nimen jrdau jéige shr shémma ma? Wòmen bòjrdau, ching nin gausung women. Nin jrdau ta yau jwodz yau yidz ma? Tà shwo tà báyàu jwodz. Ni jrdau ta néige bï shr gangbi shr chyanbi ma? Jrdau, shr chyanbi. Ni jrdau tà néige háidz shr nánde shr nyüde ma? Büjrdàu. Shr nánde ma? g

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Ni you jifen chyan? You sanfen chyán. Ta you jimau chyan? You lyángmau- wü. Nimen you jikwai chyan? You sè-wiukwai. Nèige héidz you jishrkwai chyan? You bashrkwai chyan. Ta taitai you jichyankwai chyan? You sèchyan-wi. Ta nanpéngyou you jiwankwai chyan? You bawan-jyou. Ta nyüpéngyou you dwòshau chyan? You sanshrèrkwai-ban. (Repeat with yigüng before you)

Dwoshau chyán yígé? Yimáu chyan yigè. Jifen chyán yijàng? Wüfen chyán lyăngjãng. Jimau chyán yígé? Yimau chyán sànge.

Translation

31

Jikwai chyan yibèn? Szkwai-ban yibén. Jishrkwai chyán yibén? Ershrkwai chydn sanbèn. Jibáikwai chyán yigé? Yibái-wüshrkwai chyán yíge.

3. Yikwai-dwo chyan góu bugou?

Bútài gòu.

Érbai-dwoó péngyou busháu ma?

Èrbai-dwò jèn bushau. Wüshrjige nyüsywésheng dwo budwo? Yé budwo, yé busháu. Yigùng jyòu you sanbèi-jishrge ma? Dwèile, yigòng jyòu you sanbai-jishrge. Yigòng you sanbai-jishrge? Yigòng you sanbai-èrshrge.

4.

You rén sying Jang ma? Wò sying Jang, ta yé sying Jang. You rén ching ni ma? Ydurén ching wo. Lu Taitai ching wo.

Méiyou rén wèn ni ma? Méiyou rén wèn wo. Yé méiyou rén gausung ni ba? Méiyou rén gàusung wo, wó büjrdàu. Méiyóu rén büjrdàu ba? Rén dou jrdau. Jen you rén syáng ta ma? Méiyou rén büsyáng ta.

5.

Méigwo you hén dwo Fàgwo rén ma.

Yóu— Fàgwo rén busháu.

Yinggwo yóu meiyóu háu jf? Yinggwo yóu, Dégwo yé you. Ni syáng Jünggwo jén yóu Dégwo rén ma? Jen yóu busháu. Gwéigwó jén yóu hén dwo pyányi dũngsyi ma? Yðul

6.

Yige rén yigé, lyángge rén jige? Lyángge rén lyángge. Yige rén bange, sange rén jige? Sange rén, yige-ban. Wige rén chijang, shfge rén dwoòshau? Shfge rén shrszjang. Yimáu chyán yigè, yikwài chyán mái dwoshau? Yíkwài chyán mái shfge. Lyángmau-wü mái sanbén, ni yàu mái lyòubèn, déi dwòshau chyán? Déi wümau chyán, dwéi budwei?

TRANSLATION

A.

Jéige jwodz 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

shr

(mai)

sankwai

chyan.

This book is ten dollars.

Those

pencils are eight cents apiece.

How much is this chair? Not all of these clocks sell for $6.75; some are $12.50. The big watches are $25.45; the small watches are $54.83.

B.

Yimáu

chyán

6. One for each person. 7. Two for five dollars.

(mái)

yige.

Lesson

32

. Each person must give me a dollar and fifteen cents. The paper is three cents a sheet. . I know that each of them has one.

ceo.

. Néiwübén

. Wðmen 11: 12. 13. 14. 15.

shü,

wó yàu sànbén.

sãnge rén, lyăngge rén méiyou chyán.

Four of those five pens are American. I want four of those six tables. Two of those three children are Chinese. Of those seven Chinese tables, two are too high. How many of your friends are Chinese?

La 16. Ia, 18. 19. 20.

I know that he has a girl friend. He said that you have no money. Do you know whether he is an American? I asked him to buy a table and two chairs. Please ask him who that very tall man is.

5. Money and Price

Lessons

REVIEW

1-5

UNIT

REVIEW Translate

1

into Chinese:

1. girl friend 2. which one?

2 QUT

3. 4. 5. 6.

England fifty-three people big watch given name

7.

read book

20 cents this is mine

12. how many clocks? (less than 10) 13. 14.

who wants surname

15. 16.

whose is big? a lot of people

17. 18.

a little how much paper?

19. 20.

these 3 sheets half a book

21. 22.

some only

this?

are good

23.

also

24.

how many dollars?

25.

25 cents

REVIEW I.

Problem:

NU-dwō-M

N

2

N?

or NU-M-dwō

1. over 20 dollars 2. over 12 dollars 3. over 12 cents

6. de 8.

4. over 20 cents 5. over 500 people

9. 10.

II.

Problem:

t2 G2 WS OD

SP-M N or SP-sye-M

this picture

that book of his 28. 3 dollars and a half 29. there is 30. I have some pencils. 31. allare good o sell to him 33. which one do you want? 34. do you have any or not? JA. he told me 36. a dime apiece 37. not all of them are tall 38. one thousand 39, what is this? 40. don't give it to him 41. how many chairs? 42. over 20 people 43. half of the books are good 44. none of us has money 45. over 15 dollars 46. how much is this? 47. what is his nationality? 48. he is an American 49. I asked him to buy this 50. three of us have money

8. what pen? 9. those friends 10. 11.

A

N?

this boy which pencils? those girls which three books? these 20 dollars 33

over

25 cents

over

120 sheets of paper

over

80 books 50 cents 100 dollars

over over

Review oc

Problem:

111.

with or without

shr?

He is busy. He is an Italian.

You are tall. He is good. He is a good boy.

bärz Go DG

IV.

Problem:

Where

will the

QW

or after the

be— before

verb?

. Who has money? . What do you sell?

. Who are you? . Which one do you want? . What is this? rä N wu oar .

Problem:

ban-M, NU-M-ban, or yiban?

Half a sheet is enough. ; Will you give me half a dollar? Two dollars and a half is a lot. Half of the books are inexpensive. I want half of your money. CO

Problem: ching or wèn?

VI.

. . . . €1 t2 G2 H .

He asks me what this is. He asks me to buy a watch. I want to ask him to read that book. He asks me: 'Do you want it?' He asked me to sell this pen to him.

Problem:

VII.

Should the object be transposed?

All of the people are Chinese.

I’ll sell all my watches. All of us have books. I want to buy both watches and clocks. an wm Both you and I have both pens and pencils.

VIII.

Problem:

dou bu- or budöu?

I like none of them. None of them is French. . Not.all of us have money.

. I don't like all of them, I like some . I have neither books nor pens. .

Problems:

of them.

1. ér or lyáng?

2. with or without ling? 1. 2. 3. 4.

2 teachers 12 ladies 202 children 240 books

5. 2040 boys

6. 7. 8. 9.

10.

22 children 22 cents 2400 sheets of paper 102 people

2004 students

Unit A

Review

X.

4

35

Problem: 1. 2. 3. 4. 9.

yidyár, ji- M, or yóude?

He has some good friends. I like some of his things. Some people don't have watches. Will you give me some paper? Some of his friends are Americans.

REVIEW

Translate These Expressions

into Chinese:

. l. l. two pens 2. ten tables

3. a sheet of paper.

4. seven students 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. II.

1. 2. 3. 4.

3

11. big watch 12. foreign chalk

—

13. Chinese money

14. that brother of his

how many pencils? those four books these three paintings which five friends? cheap paper (your) honorable country

15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

this chair of mine ` may I ask? three American paintings some of them are expensive that Chinese table which one is good?

What is your (sur)name? What is your (personal) name? Whose is this? How much is this?

5. Which one do you want? .6. 7. 8. 9. 10 . III.

How many are you buying? Is it yours or his? Are you buying some books or aren't you? Is yours the large table or the small table? Is he an Englishman or an American?

Make

questions using the following expressions.

Answer

each question

as made.

shémma ?

you meiyou? SH.

na”.

shr bushr? pure

Ama?

. REVIEW I.

Questions

néige? shéide ? mái bumai? háu buhau?

shéi?

dwöshau?

` jige?

4

To Be Answered:

. Ni you dwoshau bi?

. NI jeige bi jifen chyán yigè? Néige dà jwódz mài dwoshau chyán? Lyángmáu chyán mái jige bi?

Wò you shfbèn shü; ni yóu jibén?

Jéilyángge yidz, néige shr nide, néige shr tade?

ra nt Go aor

Review

36

Unit A

swa

Nin mai jijang hwàr? Ni jyòu you neiyibèn sha ma?

Ni yau ching shéi mai dingsyi? Néijàng hwàr, wó géi shfkwài chyàn, ni mai bumai? E 11.

Translate

These Expressions

into Chinese:

T a sheet of paper 2. two pencils ten tables three dollars and a half seventy cents two cents apiece thirteen chairs how many chairs? gweleme 9. how many pencils (between 20 & 30)? 10. a little TE this one friend 12. those four books 13. half a sheet of paper 14. a lot of people 15. these three sheets of paper 111.

Translate m

These

into Chinese:

. They read neither books nor newspapers. . None of us like to read the French newspaper. . Isn't your money sufficient either? His tables aren't too expensive. He has only one good picture. Neither do I like the big table. This book

Im

Sentences

is too expensive,

but not all of the books

are

expensive.

There are large tables and small tables, but none of them are very cheap. Not all the books are his: some belong to his wife and some to his friend. Iama student, you are a student, and all of them are students too.

REVIEW

5

lie Make up a question which might draw forth each of the following answers:

. Wó géi ta chyán. - Tà kan Méigwo bàu, bükàn Jünggwo bàu. - Tàmen yóu shü, késhr méiyou bi.

Wò you jang, yé you bi. Tamen bòdou yau mai Janggwo jwodz. Jünggwo shi, Méigwo shi, wò dou busyihwan kan. Ni byé géi ta jüng, géi ta byău. Jwödz wð yàu, yïdz wð búyàu. Jf, bi, shü, tà dou yóu. _bärz (o Ơi Hœ © 1G Tà busyihwan mái Fàgwo jüng.

Review II.

5

Make

3T sentences

byé mingdz gàusung yibàn jyau III.

using the following words:

youde dwèi nán

yigüng büsháu ling

màigši

shau syang

sying jyou

gou yidyar

déi syihwan

Translation: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 0.

There were three children; all wanted that one picture. The large table is cheap, but the smaller one is better. There are no big chairs. How much is this paper per sheet? These two pictures are three dollars apiece, those two are five dollars each. You give him five dollars and give me a dollar and a half. Ask him what this is called. How about asking him—he knows. The books are really fine, but I don’t understand them. May I ask what your nationality is?

Lesson

CHANGED

6

STATUS

VOCABULARY

IL

a.

shr(ching)

Place

the nouns

and the verb

in these

settings:

máimai dzwò

DRILL

FV

...... hen nu | .,hén buháu

7?

ghếmma ,.. ke i^ Rho Ga y Fee ey naust

|

hèndwo

|

buhšn hău

,butài máng

. Place the verb dzwò in these phrases:

shémma ? néige? neige shr

Bhéi, 7 cháng _ kéyi syihwan `

máimai fan

ywanyi —

. Read and translate into English:

Tã yïjing búdzwòle. Tãmen hái yàu dzwò ne. WŠ tsúngchyán méidzwò. Syàndzài wð búdà dzwòle. Jèijyan shỳ bùhăudzwò. . Answer

these questions:

Nin ydu shi(ching) ma? Ta you jige maimai?

`

Nimen dou you shémma maimai? . Place the nouns in these settings:

géer

gwógeer chàng chàng geer

Shémma FV V-O

?

Néigwó

e OT Tr yee dh

pêng Sg

Néige

Néige

?

NEM

?

hau?

. Place the verb chàng in these settings: shémma ?

gwógẽer

néige?

ai

hau

buháu fàn dyánsyin

. Place the nouns

shémma Junggwo

chayè dzwò chr mai

FV FV FV

waigwo

géer

syihwan

-

chấng

geer

gẽer

in these settings:

méiyou yau yidyar pyányi

butai gdu 38

Vocabulary Drill

39

b.

Place an appropriate verb in each of these settings:

shémma ? néige? c.

dwoshau? chá, fàn

bü-

Read and translate

into English:

Dyánsyin tài gwéile, bübi dwo mái. Dyánsyin yé háuchr, yé pyányi. Dyánsyin háuchr, buháudzwo. Byé kéchi, dwo chr yidyár! Ta chr sàndwün fàn: yidwün chr lyángwán fàn.

cha

a.

shwéi

Place

each of the nouns

shémma

chishwéi

224442

he

mV

b. c.

settings:

Jünggwo

búgòu buhén gwèi

tài dwo háu he

jyóu kaféi

in these

Place

each of the nouns

Place

each V-O

after the verb he.

combination

in these

set-

tings:

syihwan néng dwö shau

ching

d. Read and translate into English:

Byé he tài dwo jyóu. Syáuháidz bunéng he kàfei. Wò bunéng he jyóu le, syàndzài jyoóu he ché le.

5.

yijing le

Up»

Read these sentences across the page, noting the difference in meaning made by adding first le and then yijing: aT

as vu

Ta laule.

Tà kwün.

Ta kwùnle.

Shü pyányi.

Sha pyanyile.

Fan bugòu.

Fan bugòule.

Shwéi sháu.

Shwéi

Ta chàng.

Ta changle.

WO

Wò

wen.

sháule.

wènle.

Ta yijing laule. Ta yijing

kwunle. Sha yijing pyanyile. Fan yijing bugòule. Shwèi yijing shaule.

Ta yijing changle. Wò yijing wènle.

Lesson

40

6. Changed Status

Ni jrdau.

Ni jrdaule.

Ni yijing jrdaule.

Tamen chang geer. Wómen chrfan.

Tamen chang geer le.

Tamen yijing chang géer le. Wòmen yijing chrfanle.

Wómen chrfanle.

. Dingsyi yljing dou gwèile.

Fan yijing hwaile, byé chrle. Chyan yijing bugòule, byé mái dingsyi le! 6.

hai ne

d

. hái hái hái hái hái hái hái hai

yàu (ne) syihwan (ne) bugóu ne néng dzwò ne bunéng mái ne méidzwò ne néng he ne hwéi shwo ne

hái hái hái hái hái hái hái hái

dzáu (ne) léi ne butài gwéi ne máng ne buhwèi ne méimái ne bukéyi chr ne hén léi ne

. Wó yóu chyán, ta yé ydu chyán; ni ne? Ni héi buchr fan ne ma? Women dou hái méichr fan ne. Tsüngchyán tà budzwó shi; syàndzài ne? Ta hai buywànyi dzwó ne. 7.

büdà

háu youyisz syihwan hwèi

ai chang géer

gwógeer

háuchàng

. Wómen dou buda syihwan ta. Jéi wüge syáujye ddu búdà hăukàn. Syàndzai dyánsyin tài gwéi, bádà hăumăi. Tàde hwà bádà háudüng. Jéijyan shrching búdà hăudzwò. Jyóu bádà háuhe ma?

8. tsúngchyấn gangtsai syandzai

kàn shü büdzwó shr

méiyou chyán ai shwo hwa

. Tà tsüngchyán bugàu, syàndzài gaule. Tsüngchyán hé jyóu, syàndzài buhéle. Gàngtsái méihwà hwàr, syàndzài hwàle. 9.

hóulái

jyou

. jyou méiyóule jyou buyàule jyou yàu mái le jyou yàu chr fàn le

Pattern Drill

41

b. Tsüngchyán tà mángle. Hóulái wó jyou Hóulái tà jyou Tsüngchyán ta

bumáng, hóulái jyou

jrdaule. gausung wo le. busyïhwan hẽ kãfẽi; hòulái

ta jyou syihwan hé le.

10.

wang

PV

a. chang wang buda wang hai méiwang ne b. Laule, shfching ddu wàngle -.. yijing dou wàngle

IT.

làu

SV SV SV SV SV

shufu kwün

a.

hèn bu

le

buda shéi b. láu láu láu láu lau

? geer máimai güshr péngyou rén

lán rén hwài rén

lau taitai lau syansheng c.

Ta bulan,

ta tài kwün.

Rén láule, bunéng dzwoó shè le. 12.

hău-V

SV

Place an appropriate subject before each of these compounds:

háumái háuchr háuchàng

PATTERN A.

Change

of Status,

Positive

TS

Using

the Particle

Dyansyin gòu le. Maudz haukan le. Yðude dũngsyi pyányi le. Néige ren kwün le? đc

FV

buháudüng buháuhe buhăumài

le Negative

le

háushwo hauhé hăumài

DRILL

Situations

SV

buhaumai buháudzwó buhăuchàng

1.48

Situations

buSV

le

Dyansyin bugou le. Maudz buhaukan le. Yóude düngsyi büpyányi le. Ta bukwùn le. le

Didi chang géer le. Michin dzwò fan le. Ta mai dyansyin le ma? WŠ fùchin chĩng ta hề jyðu le.

ANS

buF V

le

Didi buchang géer le: Michin budzwò fan le. Tā bumái dyánsyin le ma? W6 ftchin buching ta he jyóu le.

Lesson 6. Changed Status

42

SMS

AN

FV

O

le

3. S

buAV

FV

(ĐÀ

le

Syáuháidz ài kàn shü le.

Syáuháidz buài kàn shü le.

Ta syihwan chàng gwógeer le. Ni déi géi ta waben shu le. Ta néng hwa jèijang hwàr le ma?

Tà busyihwan chàng gwógẽer le. NÍ bübi géi ta wüben shü le. Tã bùnéng hwà jèijang hwàr le ma?

4. S

you

O

le

4. 8

méiyóu

O

le

Ta yóu chyán le. Wò you shiching le.

Tà méiyou chyán le. Wò méiyou shrching le.

Shü, bi, tà dou yóu le ma?

Shu, bi, tà dou meiyóu

Mèimei you nanpéngyou le.

Méimei méiyou nánpéngyou le.

Two-Clause

Sentences

1. Tsángchyán

with Time

S

Contrast

V

hóulái

negV

le ma?

...,

Syàndzài

negV S

le

V

Tsüngchyán tà he jyóu, syàndzài (ta) buhé le. Tsüngchyán wó buài chr fàn, hóulai (wo) ài chr le. Tsüngchyán wó néng dzwó shrching, syàndzài (wo) bünéng dzwò le. 2, E

syàndzài

VI a. neg V1

4.86 oy hOuldi/ Vole;

vi negV1

le

Ta syàndzài néng dzwò shỳ, hòulái lăule, jyou bònéng dzwò shè le. Nimen syàndzài méi chyán, bühe jyóu, hóulai yóuchyán le, jyou yau he jyóu le.

348

(bu)EV

le

Tà büshr syáuháidz le. Tà shr dàren le. Ta syandzai jyau MAli le. Syandzai ta busying Jang le. Continuity

1595

or Suspense Using

V

O

the Particle ne

ne

W6 shwo hwà ne. Tà dzwó máimai ne. Li Taitai dzwò fan ne.

Wang Syansheng kan bau ne.

SC Reg

En

ne

Wd hai kan shi ne. Ta hai dzwod sh? ne.

Jang Sydujye hdi méi ching wo ne. Néiwei lau taitai hai méi hè ché ne.

Questions

and Answers

43

QUESTIONS

1.

Wang

DEDIT:

AND ANSWERS

Chang géer ma? Chang géer le ma? Ni bichang géer le? NI báài chàng gwógeer le ma? Ni ai chang shémma géer le? Junggwo géer, Méigwo géer, ni dou ai chang le ma?

Jang:

Ni Ni Ta Ni

`Chén:

néng ma? néng dzwò le ma? néng dzwò jèige le ma? péngyou yijing néng

Chang.

Méi chang. Wò buchang le.

Wò hái chàng ne. Wò ai chang Jinggwo géer le. Wò dou ai chang le.

Wò bunéng. Wd hai bunéng ne. Ta yé hai btnéng ne. Dwéile, ta yijing néng dzwole.

dzwò jeige le ma?

Nide háidz jen bünéng dzwò shỳ ma? Nĩ didi tsúngchyán yè bònéng dzwò shit ma? 3.

Chyán:

Tà buhe jyóu le ma?

Ta néng dzwò yidyar shè le. Tsüngchyán ta néng, késhr syàndzai bunéng le.

Wü

Ta bò hé le. Ta yé buhé cha, ye buhé kaféi le.

Ta hé buhe cha?

Ta hai bunéng he kaféi ne. tài syáu. Syáu háidz dou bunéng hé kaféi.

Nide háidz neng he kàfei le ma?

Chá, kàfei, jyóu, ta hái

Tā hái dou ài he ne, késhr ta

tài láule, dóu bünéng he le.

dou ài he ma?

4.

Hwáng:

Dyansyin hwaile ma?

Gwo

Fan yé hwaile ma?

Shémma

düngsyi hwàile ne?

Sha yé hwaile ma?

5.

Fàn

Bau, kéyi mai le ma? Wd kéyi mai néige bi le

Ta

Fang:

:

Yóude hwàile, yóude hái méihwài ne. Meiyou, fàn hái méi hwài ne. Chishwéi, cháye dou hwàile. Nide shü yijing hwàile, wóde hái méi ne.

Kéyi mài le. Ni kéyi mai jéige bi le.

ma? Ni hai bòkéyi ne.

Wd kéyi mai ni neige bi, shi le ma? Ni byé mai ta néige Fagwo

Wò kéyi bümái ta néige Fàgwo isst dle

bi, kéyi ma?

6.

Jü

Ni máimai hau buhau? Ta néige mdimai hai büdà hau ma? Tà néige máimai tsüngchyán háu buhau?

Lin

Hén háu. Syèsye. Dwéile, ta néige máimai hái buda hiu ne. Tà néige máimai tsüngchyán hén háu, késhr syàndzai butài háu le.

Lesson

Méi Deae

:

Nĩ sh?ching máng bumang? Syàndzai tàmen néige shiching mang bumang? Tsüngchyán tàmen neige shrching bümáng ma?

Hán

6. Changed Status

: Syàndzai hén máng le. Syàndzai hái máng ne.

Tsüngchyán bümáng, késhr syàndzai hén máng le.

TRANSLATION The

Particle

le May Be Used

To Indicate

Change

of Status

SV-le

neg-V-le

AV-V(O)-le

Haidz dou dale.

Byé chrle!

Ta hwèi shwoò Janggwo hwè le.

1. I used to dislike him, but now I like him quite well. . Don't keep on saying it. I've already understood. Hd N w

. He wasn't feeling well but now he’s all right. . My father has aged and can’t work anymore.

bebes Ni

mai

Wo

dungsyi

le

maile.

ma? méiyou? Wd

Wò yijing máile.

méimái.

W5 hai méimái ne.

9. Did you make Chinese food? Yes, I did. No, I didn't. 6. Have you made that table? Yes, I have already made it. No, I haven't made it yet.

7. Have you sold the watch? Yes, I've already sold it. No, I haven't sold it yet. 8. Have you just eaten? Yes, I have. No, I haven't.

[m|ie | sẨNN plan |[awo7nNe]

Tawa] JAN Tsüngchyán

ta

hèn

sij

`

(a) syàndzài — (ta) (b) hóulái

9. Formerly I couldn’t speak Chinese;

(ta)

now I can speak a

10. He used to be very busy; (but) he isn't any longer.

gaule. jyou

little.

gaule.

45

Translation

Ime These used to be 50 cents apiece; now they are a dollar (apiece). 12. He can no longer work. 13: He used to enjoy reading the newspaper; but he no longer does. 14. Formerly I enjoyed (eating) Chinese food; I no longer care for it. D.

Questions

and Answers

15. What does your friend like to do? He

16.

likes to sing, but he doesn't

Do you know how to cook Chinese No, but I can make

American

What candy would you like? I’d like a little Chinese candy.

18.

Can all foreigners Not all; some

food?

food.

Its

19.

like to read.

speak Chinese?

can and some

can’t.

Can you sing any Chinese songs? I used to be able to, but I can’t anymore.

Lesson

7

MODIFICATION VOCABULARY -jyù jyòdz

M N

DRILL

. Count from one to ten in answer question jijyu hwè?

to the

. Count from eleven to twenty in answer to the question jige jyudz?

. shwò jijyò hwa, sywé lyangjyò Yingwén dzwò jige jyùdz, syš lyăngge jyüdz . Jèijyu hwà hén yóuyisz. Néisye jyüdz dou tài nán.

youchyan méichyán jen lẽ Ị Jenae,

SV SV SV

. jen youchyan dzwéi yóuchyán bútài yóuchyán

jén méichyán dzwéi méichyán bühén yóuchyán

Ex

. youchyande rén

méichyande rén

. Tàmen dou shwo wó hén yóuchyán. Shwo jende, wó jen méichyán. Tingshwo Swün Syansheng yóuchyán. Shr jende ma? Búshr jénde. Swan Syansheng yé méichyan.

yisz youyisz

N SV

méiyisz

SV

. Yingwén shémma yisz? yisz hèn hiu, jen (yóuyisz), hén méiyisz, youyiszde shü, méiyiszde

. dzwéi yóuyisz,

hwà

dzwéi méiyisz

. Jéige dZ shr shémma yisz? Tà shwode neige güshr bütài yóuyisz. dz syè Syé dz

N FV vO

a. jige dè? lyangsange dè, néige dz tài dà S as ` . syé dz, ai syé Jinggwo dz . Jang Syanshengde dz hén hiu. Li Syaujyé yau syé yibén shi. Néige dz ni hwéi syé ba?

. gòshr shwö gùshr ting

N VO

EV

. Fàgwo güshr, yóuyiszde güshr : S 5 . chang shwo güshr, ài ting güshr

tingshwò

EV

ting. . . Shwo háuting

. Wd Ai ting ta chang géer.

V(O)V SV

Ting shwo ni hèn mang, shr jènde ma? Ting Mà Taitai shwo, Fagwo géer hén háuting. 46

Vocabulary Drill 6.

47

yishang maudz syé chwan

. shéide yishang? shémma maudz? yishang hén hau, maudz bigwéi . chwan jèijyan yishang dai néige maudz chwan néishwang syé?

dai sying syingle

. Jàu Syansheng ài chwàn syin yishang, yé ài chwan syin syé, késhr syihwan dài jyòu maudz.

. Wò chwan nin jèijyän yishang, sying busying?

Busying, néijyan yishang tai syau. Chwan jéijyan yishang syingle ba? Jèijyan kéyi. 7.

érdz nyuer

42

. wó jige

; ni

mde:

, er

, shéide ? lyangge , dzwèi

? tàde

dade

d

, dzwèi

syaude

. Yang Taitaide érdz nytier dou dale. Ta shr shéide érdz?

8.

9.

kérén ching ké

. jige kèren,

VO

sange kèren

. Jintyan shéi ching kè? Li Syansheng chang ching ké. Shéi ching ké? Ching jiwéi? eae

dzwèi

Shr wòde érdz.

OS

—=

haukan,

.. nan,

. —

gwèl,

kèchi, rungyi,

syin, tsüngming,

néng dzwò shr,

hwéi shwo hwa,

ai he jyóu

. Jèige dè dzwèi nan syè. Jünggwo fàn dzwéi háuchr. Nimen dzwèi ywanyi dzwò shémma? 10.

sywé

FV

. ywanyi

, kéyi

:

Junggwo hwa, ——— hwà hwàr

shémma?

chang géer,

. Ni yau sywé néigw6 hwa? Wò déi sywé Dégwo hwà. 11.

jyau jyau shu

FV vo

. jyau shémma?

jyau Yingwén, jyau shéi?

jyau Janggwo rén . jyàu syé d2, jyàu chàng geer

jyau shéi? shéi jyau?

jyàu Jünggwo rén néiwei sydujye jyau

. Jàng Syaujyé bádà ywànyi jyàu shü ma?

jyou, bén

Lesson

48 12.

nyan nyan shu

FV vo

shéi nyan? wd nyan, nimen nyan, syăng nyàn shu, déi nyan shu

Jéige dè nyan

Jéige dz nyan shémma? “gau.' Nèige héidz nyan shu. 13.

mingbai

FV

7. Modification

syihwan hwa hwar, busyihwan

mingbai bumingbai? ringyi mingbai, buringyi mingbai . Ni mingbai wòde yisz ma? Jéijyan shrching ni míngbai ma?

14.

syin jyou

SV SV

hén

, butai

, jen

EE

maudz

syinde, jyòude, bansyinde, banjyòude . Nèijang jwodz hèn syin. Jèi lyăngbă yĩdz dou tèi jyòu le. 19.

rungyi “nan

SV SV

hèn

A DU] jen shwo, dz wò

, dzwèi

(bu-) sywé, (bu-) nyan, (bu-) jyau

l

syè, (bu-)

. Ta shwòde Yingwén hèn rüngyi düng. Süyü shwo: Shwo hwà rüngyi, dzwó shrt nán. 16.

tsungming ben

SV SV

shéi

? (bu)hén

? néige jen.

A

rén

Jèige sywésheng hèn tsüngming.

Néige háidz jen bèn. Shéi dzwéi tsüngming?

WEL

Süyü bunán sywé.

Néige dzwéi bén?

Süyü dou hén yóuyisz.

. Méigwo yóu hén dwo süyü, Jünggwo yé you hèn dwo süyü.

Jéi shr Jinggwo ren chang shwöde yijyù süyü. Süyü shwo: Hweéide bunán, nánde buhweéi. 18.

-de

shéide?

wdde, nimende,

ta gégede,

wd

péngyoude, ni tàitaide, méichyánde, hèn gwèide düngsyi, chang géer de rén, tà changde géer . Shéide

érdz?

wòde

érdz, wò érdzde

yishang

Shwo güshrde neige rén shr shéi? Neige güshr shr shéi shwode? Tà shwode neige güshr shr jende.

49

Pattern Drill

19.

ba

P

a. gàusung ta ba! yishang ba!

nyàn shü ba!

chwàn

b. Tà sying Jàng ba? Jéige maudz shr nide ba? Tà hén yóuchyán ba?

c. Ching nin shwo yige Jünggwo güshr, háu buhau? Háu ba! Wo shwo yige ba!

PATTERN

DRILL

Read this material several times out loud until familiar with the patterns. As you do this, think of the meaning of each phrase, clause, and complete sentence. A.

Modification of Nouns Indicated by de:

1. Modification by Nouns wóde nide tade

wómende

bi, máimai, düngsyi, chyán, dyánsyin

nimende tamende

shéide dàrende byáu syáuhárde yishang wò tàitaide màudz ni gégede chyán

néiszbén shüde mingdz

jèisange sywéshangde yidz 2. Modification by Stative Verbs

(Shwó yige) yóuyiszde güshr Háutingde geer

Youchyande rén Búkèchide Buháude Tai ndnde Tài lánde

hwà düngsyi shiching rén

(busháu)

(budwò) (buháuting) (méi rén yàu) (burtngyi dzwd) (buài nyàn shü)

3. SV-de dàde syaude pyányide gwèide syinde, jyòude

nánde, rüngyide

Dade gwèi, wò buyau dade. Syăude pyányi, shéi yàu mãi syáude? Pyényide yé hèn háu, tà yàu pyányide. Gwèide hăukàn, wð yàu gwèide bai Syinde haukan, jyòude pyanyi.

Ngénde wò buhwèi, ringyide wò dou hwèi.

Lesson

50

7. Modification

youchyande méichyànde

Yóuchyánde sháu, méichyánde dwo.

youyiszde méiyiszde

Yóuyiszde wó kan, méiyiszde w6 bukan.

Ge Ne

màibàude

Màibàude budou shr sywésheng.

maishade dzwòmaimaide dzwòfande

Maishtde dou syihwan kan shi ma? Dzwòmaimaide dou hèn kéchi ma? Nèige dzwòfande bushr Fègwo ren.

5. Modification

A)

of Nouns

(AV)

by Clauses

with or without

SP NU-M

O

(SP NU-M

N

V

(Bu-) (syihwan) nyan shu (Dzwei) (ai) shwo hwa (Bu-) (ai) Syed? (Cháng) dài màudz (Hwèi) dzwò măimai (Bu-) (syihwan) chr táng

de de de de de de

(néige) sywésheng (nèiwei) taitai (nèige) syansheng (jéilyángwei) syáujye (nèige) rén (nèige) háidz

S

V

de (SP NU-M)

Wë Women

de (jéiben) de (nèisye)

shu dungsyi

Tamen Ta

kan mái chang shwo

de (jéige) de (jéijyu)

géer hwa

Nimen

géi

de (nèisye) de (nèijige)

S

V

O

de (SP NU-M

Tà Ni pengyou Tamen Ni

géi géi gausung jyau

wo ni wo wo

de de de de

Yifen Wümáu Ershrkwai Yibaikwai Uses

chyán

N

(néijang) (jéige) (nèijyan) (nèige)

hwàr byau shrching geer

N

(NU-M)

de

N

(yijàng) (yijàng) (yige) (lyángjyàn)

de de de de

jf hwar byáu yi shang

ba

1. Hé cha ba! Chr dyànsyin ba! Syé dè ba! Nyan sha ba! 2. Tà büjrdàu ba? Tàmen dou háu ba?

Nin méiyou chyán le ba? Néige háidz hén tsüngming ba?

(jen yduyisz.) (butai gwéi.) (shr Dégwo géer.) (shr Fagwo hwa ma?) (bugóu.) (jén háu.)

dè

chyán chyán chyán chyán

of the Particle

(shr shéi ?) (shr Fagwo ren.) (sying Li.) (hèn tsũngming.) (yóuchyán ma?) (shr shéi?)

N

Néiwei taitai syé

NU-M

B.

de

(jén hau.) (gwèi ma?) (jen yóuyisz.) (hèn háuting.)

(butài pyányi.) (buhau.) (hau buhau ?) (hén hau.)

Questions

and Answers

51

3. Ni syàndzài déi shwo yige güshr ba? Hau ba!

QUESTIONS

1.

D

Táng

LAH

AND ANSWERS

Ni yàu dàde, yàu syáude? Ni syihwan syinde, syihwan jyòude? Ta yau mai gwéide, yàu mái pyênyide? Ni syáng yàu háukànde ma? Nin bumái hén gwèide ba?

Wáng:

Syinde haukan, jyòude pyanyi, dwèi budwei? Néijige geer, háutingde ni dou yàu ting ma?

Jin

Yðuchyánde

rén dwö,

Yau gwèide. Dwèile, wò yau haukande. Wò bumèii hèn gwèide.

Hwang:

: Dwèile,

syinde haukan,

jyòude

pyanyi. Háutingde wó dou yàu ting.

Büdwéi ba?

méi-

chyánde rén shău? Dwèi budwei. Nèijige dè, nande ni buhwèi syé. Rüngyide ne? 3.

Yàu syáude. Syihwan syinde.

Yóuchyánde rén

shau.

Rungyide wd dou hwèi syè.

Youyiszde dzajt dw6 budwo? Pyányide jf hau buhau? . Bükéchide hwà ni ài ting

Hu

: Jen yóuyiszde dzájrt hén sháu. Đyányide jš bútài hău. Wò buai ting bukèchide hwa.

ma?

Hén bénde rén néng nyàn

Néng nyàn shü, késhr burüngyi.

shu ma? Wò shwode hwà ni düng budung? Ni tàitai dzwóde fàn, ni ài chr ma?

.

Jü

Ni michin géi ni de .chyan gou bugou?

Ni jyéjye géi ni didi de

bútài hăukàn. Wò didide neige byau búshr syinde, shr jyòude. Wò chwande jeijyan yishang büshr Jünggwo yishang, shr wàigwo yishang.

maudz haukan buhaukan. Ni didide jeige byau shr syinde büshr? Ni chwande jeijyan yishang shr bushr Jünggwo yishang? Fàn

Syé dè de neisye rén dou shr sywésheng ma? Chang géer de neijige háidz tsüngming ma? Nyàn shü de rén dou bübén Chr fàn de neisànge syáujye dou shr shéi?

: .NI shwode wd buding. WŠ tàitai dzwòde fan wò dou ai chr. Wd michin géi wo de chyan gòu ke: Wd jyéjye géi wo didi de màudz

: Syé dè de dou shr sywésheng. Chang géer de dou hèn tsungming. Nyan sha de rén dou bubèn. Chr fan de neisange syaujye,

yige shr wò jyéjye, yige shr wo méimei,

néiwei

shr

tamende yige péngyou.

Lesson

52

Dai maudz de neige rén

Dai maudz de neige rén büshr

shr bushr ni gége? 6.

wo gége, shr wó didi.

Màibàude hwéi kàn tà màide bàu ma? Nyànshüde syihwan tà nyànde shü ma?

Fò

Dzwómáimaide

Yü

dou shr

7. Tsai

sh? bushr?

budou

kèchi.

Wikwai chyan de tang gòu bugou? Sànmau-wüfen chyán yibáijàng de jf háu buhau? Chikwai chyan yigè de màudz bügwéi ba? Érshrwükwai chyán yijyàn

Syè

de yishang sying busying?

: Wikwai chyan de têng butai gou. Sànmau-wüfen chyán yibaijang de jf bütài háu. Chikwai chyan de maudz bugwéi. Érshrwükwai chyán yijyàn de yishang büsying.

Wó yàu mái shfjikwai chyán

de dungsyi?

Péi

dzwómáimaide

youchyan. Bidwèi, nèige dzwòfande hèn

Ni yàu mái dwoshau chyán 8.

: Màibàude budou hwéi kan ta mèide bàu. Nyànshü de rén, yóude syihwan tà nyànde shü, yóude busyihwan. Dwéile,

youchyande rén ba? Nèige dzwòfande butai kèchi,

7. Modification

de düngsyi?

Tà büshr syànsheng ba?

Méi

Nimen dou lèile ba?

Nin méiyou chyán le ba? Jang Syansheng büjrdàu ba? Nin chwan jèishwang syé, hau ba?

: Dwèile, ta bishr syansheng, ta shr sywésheng. WO you yidyar lèi, kěshr wð bujrdau tamen lèi bulei. Wò hai you yidyár chyán ne. Budwèi. Jang Syansheng dou jrdau le. Hau ba! Wò chwan jèishwang ba!

TRANSLATION A.

1. 2. 3. 4. 9.

B:

S

Vde

wë

(SPNU-M)

N

máide

(neijr)

bi

V

O

(SP NU-M)

N

mài

bầu de

(neige)

rén

de

The food my wife cooks is excellent (to eat). That American who can speak Chinese has a great many Chinese books. That new table I bought was not expensive. I don't care for the picture he painted. The three dollars I gave you belongs to a friend of yours.

SVde

SVde VOde

syinde

new one(s)

wò máide maibaude

which I bought newsdealer

Translation

6. 7. 89. 10 . C.

I enjoy listening to interesting stories. I don't want the large one; I think the small one is better. This is the one that he painted. I don't understand what he says. The young lady who paints (pictures) is Mr. Chén's younger

53

sister.

Question and Answer

11. Which of these two hats is yours? Mine is the little one; the big hat belongs to a friend of mine. 12.

Whose hat is it that you are wearing? The hat I am wearing belongs to a friend of mine.

13.

Which is your younger brother, the tall one or the short one? He's the taller one. He is the man wearing a small cap, not the one without a hat.

14.

Which of those two pictures is the one you painted? The one I painted is the small one, not the large one.

15.

Was the hat you bought very expensive? No, but the clothes I bought were quite expensive.

Lesson

LOCATION

8

EXISTENCE

AND

VOCABULARY

DRILL

rén,

syangsya ged

háidz,

düng-

rv CM háu

. Wó syihwan syangsya. Syàngsya hén anjing.

. dà

jyé

, jeityáu

, 125

b. Jyéshang you hèn dwo püdz. Wó müchin dzai jyeshang mái düngsyi ne. . DÉlge 1532229

jya

TU

ewomende an

,j

-li yóu rén, méiyou

jyautang fangdz

waitou,

wudz

hóutou,

chyántou,

sywésyau fangwar

-lï(tou)

lou ywandz chagwar

. Tà bucháng dzai jyà chr fàn. Jéige sywésyàu yóu hén dwo sywésheng, késhr syànsheng tài sháu. Wómende fángdz busyáu, yigüng yóu shrjyan wüdz. Fángdz wàitou yóu yige syáu ywàndz.

difang chéng

. dà difang, shémma difang? néige difang? chéngwàitou, chénglitou, Béijing chéng.

pudz shüpü

. Jéige difang hén cháu. Nèige chéng you hèn dwo sywésyàu. . Wò dzai jéige difang ju. Ta budzai néige chéngli ju. -tou

-shang zit

shàngtou syàtou chyántou hòutou litou waitou dangjang disya

PW PW PW PW PW PW PW PW PW PW PW

a. jwodz shàngtou fàngwăr chyántou

yidz syàtou püdz hóutou

chénglitou

chéngwaitou

wudz dangjung

shu disya

b. jwödzshang yidzshang fangdzshang

baushang maudzshang hwarshang

shushang

c. jyali wudzli fangdzli pudzli fangwarli

54

sywésyauli maudzli chishwéili ywandzli chágwárli

Vocabulary Drill

55

. Shàngtoude shi hèn gwéi. Jwodz shàngtou méiyou düngsyi. 6.

jèr nèr nar?

PW PW PW

yóu rén méiyou háidz

mai yishang bümài

sha

. dzai dzài ju

ji syihwan dzwó shr kéyi dzai

. Taiwan jerde rén

wò jèr

Nyóuywe nér de püdz ta gége nèr . Wó

ni nér tamen jya nèr

ài dzai nér kan sht.

Ching nin dzai jér géi chyán. Jéityáu jyéshang, nár you chágwár? anjing chau

SV SV

. Wüdzli cháu, wàitou anjing, jyéshang tai cháu, syángsya anjing.

. Nyóuywe jéige chéng hén chau, women dou busyihwan dzai jèr ji. Néige háidz tài cháu, méiyou rén ài ta. wéishémma ? yinwei

swóyi

cháu,

MA MA

. Tà wéishemma bümái néige màudz? Tà yinwei méichyán, swóyi bünéng mái néige maudz.

. füchin gén müchin, gen hòutou

Connective gen

buda hiu,

bugéi chyan

shü gen bI, chyántou

. Ta gen wd, women lydngge rén shoushr wudz.

10.

. Yikwar mái, néng yikwàr chr, byé yikwàr ju

yikwàr

. Wómen Xi:

shoushr

dzài yikwàr dzwò shr. dungsyi,

FV

hwèi

BM

. Wò yinwei hèn lèi, swéyi bòsyang shoushr wudz.

Lesson

56

PATTERN

A.

Location

(with dzai and Place

1. Dzai Used

8.

Location

and Existence

DRILL

Word)

as a Main Verb

S

(bu)dzai

Wó füchin Ta érdz Wò syansheng

PW

dzai dzai dzài

waigwo nar fangdz hòutou

ne. ne? ne

Wang Taitaide hdidz

dou dzai

jèr

ne

Sywésheng Ninde shi

dou dzai dou dzai

chyantou lóudisya

ne ne.

lóusyàtou syangsya. Méigwo chénglitou.

ne.

Tade maudz Wòde jya Tàde máimai Tàmen máide néige fangdz

dzai | dzài

büdzài budzai

localizer

( no) ba?" ZEV

8

Li Ss.

(méi)dzai

TW

V

O

Jünggw

jyàu

shü.

Tà

dzai

nar

dzwò

shr?

Wò didi Ta Wò bòchang Wð fùchin

dzai dzai dzai dzai

jèr shémma difang jéige fángwár chyántou

kan hwa chr hé

bầu hwar fàn. jyou

wüdzli ywandzli lốusyà jyéshang l6udisya chéngwàitou fangdz hòutou

dzwò fan hwà nwar syè dè kan | shémma nyan shü măi dungsyi. shwo hwa

-

6

ne. ne? ne.

b. With localizer

Ta müchin Jang Ss. Wò didi Ni f Wò mèimei Ta Tamen

dzai dzai dzai dzai dzai bádzai dzai

ne. ne. ne. ne? ne.

ne.

c. With or without localizer

Ta jyéiye Wang Ss. Li Sj. chang B.

Existence

dzai dzai dzai

jya(li) sywésyau(li) fàngwar(li)

dzwò jyau chr

yishang shū. fàn.

in a Place

1. Jwödzshang Shüshang J yèshang Loushang

you yóu you you

yijr

hén dwo jige

bi. hwàr ma? rén. jwodz ?

ba?

ma?

2, Dzai Used as Coverb a. Without

ma?

ne.

Questions

and Answers

2. Jya(li) Püdzli Wüdzli Sywésyau(li)

57

you you you you

3. Jwòdz shàngtou Jwodz syàtou Chéng wàitou Jyautang litou Fàngwár chyántou Fangdz hòutou 4. Jèr Nér Nar

you méiydu you

5. Yidz

jiwèi

you you

sywésyau fangwar. jyautang?

ma?

you

jijr

chyanbi.

you

sange

Méigwo rén.

Nouns

with Positional Endings Modifying Other

PWde

(SP-NU-M)N

Syatoude Shangtoude Wudzlitoude Waitoude

nèisye

néijijang

Jèrde Nèrde Nárde

Chyántoude Hòutoude Jwodzshangtoude

nèisye nèijyan néijr

ma?

fangwar. bushău wàigwo rén. hén dwo chiché. yityêu dè jye.

hau Jünggwo da

disya

ma?

shémma? lyăngbẽn shũ.

méiyóu you you you

Lóusyà C.

rén chyán? yidz syansheng?

dwoshau

ge shu hwar jwodz fangwar rén Sywésyàu

Nouns

dou hèn shr buda dou hén butai dou bujyàu

gwei. wode. háukàn. dà. hau. gau ma? Jinggwo hwa?

yidz

shr

shéide?

wüdz bi

jen shr

busyáu. tàde.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1.

Dzai Nyóuywe ni yóu jya ma? Méiyou jya. Nide jyà dzai nár? Dzai Nyóuywe.

Dzai Nyóuywe chénglitou, dzai Nyóuywe chéngwaitou? Dzai chéngwaitou. Wéishemma büjüdzai chénglitou? Chénglitou tài cháu. 2.

Nimen jyàde fángdz shr lóu ma? Sh? lóu. Shéi dzai l6ushang jt. Wó fümü dzai lóushàng jü. Lóusyà shéi jà? Lóusyà wó gen wo didi ju. Lóushàng gen lóusyà dou hén dà ma? Lóusyà dà, lóushàng syáu.

3.

Nimen jyà chyántou yóu meiyou fángwár? Méiyóu. Wéishemma méiyou fángwár? Yinwei dzai nér jüde rén budwo. Nèige chéng you fangwar ba? Wò syang you. Youde da, youde syau. Ni chang dzai fángwár chr fán ma? Bùcháng dzai fàngwăr chữ.

4. Wèishemma Weéishemma

tà bádzai püdzli chr fán?

Yinwei rén tài dwo.

tà máide neige fángdz hén gwéi?

Yinwei néige fángdz hén syin.

Lesson

58

8.

Location

and Existence

Wèishemma héidz dzai jwòdz disya? Yinwei jwòdz disya you tang. Wèishemma dzai jèr màide dũngsyi gwèi, dzai nèr màide búgwèi? Yinwei jerde dungsyi hau.

Ta Tà Tà Ta

wèishemma méiyou nyupéngyou? Yinwei wéishemma hé jyóu. Yinwei cháng syáng wéishemma busywé shwo Jünggwo hwà? wèishemma buching wo chr fan? Yinwei

ta méichyan. ta nánpéngyou. Yinwei Jünggwo hwa tai nan. ta butai syihwan ni.

Néige jwodz gau ma? Bugau. Ta butstngming ma? Ta hén tsungming. Ta dzai jya ne ma? Ta dzai jya ne. Ni mèimei dzài sywésyàu ne ma? Wò syang ta bidzai sywésyau.

Tà bumái néibén shü, shr yinwei ta méi chyan ma? Dwéi le. Ta wèishemma méi chyan? Yinwei ta budzwò shè. Dzai jèige chénglitou ta you pudz ma? Ta méiyóu. Wèishemma ta budzwò maimai? Ta buhwèi; ta ye busyáng sywé.

Wáng Tàitai dzài wüdzli dzwó shémma ne?

Dzwoó fàn ne.

Tã syãnsheng ne? Tà syànsheng dzài sywésyàu ne. Tàmen sywésyàu yóu dwoshau syansheng. You èrshr-jiwèi. Sywésheng you dwoshau? S2baidwo. Jwodzshangde

bi shr shéide?

Lou disyade pòdz shr tade ma? Chénglitoude rén dou youchyan ma? Nérde rén dou syihwan hé jyóu ma? Shüpü hóutoude néige syin fángdz shr nide ma? Fàngwárlide néisye rén dóu shr néigwo rén? Jéige sywésyàulide sywésheng, yibàn shr nánde ba? Syàndzài bàushang dóu shwò shémma?

TRANSLATION dzai

(Dzai)

PW

shàngtou

-de

SP-M

N

-de

néibén

shü

1. The store (which is) in front sells hats. 2. The one (who is) behind you is my brother.

aids (dzai)

ae jwodzshang

ae you

sha.

3. How many students are there in that school? 4. Is there anyone in front of you?

EE Wé

dzai

jèr

ne.

Translation 5. Who

59 is at his home?

6. The desk I bought is upstairs. ie Those five chairs of yours are all at my house.

Bee Wé

Een 7

budzai

jyali

chr

fan.

Do you work in the city or in the country? All of the students studying at that school like to sing. . Who is the person eating behind you?

dl la. 13.

They are all in that room

reading.

All the people in this place are hat-makers. How many teachers are there in that school? our school has only six.

14.

Is that little room upstairs yours? stairs.

15. 16. It

None

18. 19. 20.

There

are ten in that school;

No, my room is the large one down-

of the people who are eating in that restaurant are foreigners. Not all of the books that he wrote in China are Chinese books. Where

are

chair,

and some

all your

books?

Some

are

on the table,

some

are

under

the

aren’t here— they are at my house.

He works at our school but he doesn’t study there. There is a small building outside the restaurant; that is his home. Why don’t you live outside the city? Because the stores are all inside the city.

Lesson

COVERBS

OF

9

INTEREST—INDEFINITES VOCABULARY

AND

INCLUSIVES

DRILL

kàn syin, syé syin, . Shéide syin? yiféng hwéisyin, yige syinféngr, háusye syin, jijang syinji,

syin jyasyin hwéisyin syinjf syinfengr

méi güngfu syé syin

. yifeng jyàsyin,

. Ta syéde syin hèn youyisz. shwö: Tã budzài nèige difang jile.

padSyinshang

-feng

. Place each noun in these settings:

tsài tang rou

hwaile búdà gòu

+

yú

uu e

-wăn

bútài hăudzwò gou sãnge rén chrde

. yiwăn tsài

yiwăn tàng

. Jèige hwaile,

byé chrle.

Tsai tai dwo le, yé you yu, yé you rou, yé you tsai.

Jéi wán tsài, wó bádà ài chr.

Byé dzwó tài dwo, szge tsài yige tàng, jyou gòu le. Méi shémma tsài, ching dwo chr lyángwan fàn. a.

wan

fanwan cháwán

chaht

dàwán,

szge chabéi yige chahu,

syáu daudz

yung kwaidz, syi wan b. chàdz buháuyüng, yung fanwan chr fan, yung chdw&n hé cha, yung béidz hé shwéi

.

chadz daudz

syi béidz,

. Jünggwo fàn báyüng kwàidz buháuchr. Wómen yingdàng dzai yikwar hé yibei. Yüng kwàidz jen burüngyi. Ni yung daudz chadz chr Méigwo fan ba!

kwaidz

bei(dz) sháur hü -bei chrdz

GGG GGG GG GE

gungfu

z

- you gungfu, yüngle héndwo güngfu, méi güngfu, b. Dzwoó jéijyàn shr yüngle héndwoó güngfu. Tà hén máng, lyán yidyár güngfu dou méiyóu. Wó tài mángle, lyán chr fàn de güngfu dóu méiyóule.

máubĩ

. yijf maubi

. Yung maubi syé dè hèn nan. FV

. tán hwà, tan shémma?

. tántan (chatting) 60

gén shéi tan? dzèi nir tên?

chang tan,

Vocabulary Drill

61 . Ta méi tan shémma. Women shémma dou bitan.

Byé gen ta tan jèijyàn sh†ching. Nimen

The

dàu

FV

shémma

dou tan ma?

. dàule,

dau yihu ché,

byé dàu,

dau shwéi,

dau shémma?

. yingdàng dàule shémma dou dàule . Tsài hwàile,

dàule ba!

Ching ni dàu yibei chishwéi. 8.

syi

FV

syl shémma? syi tsai,

hén hau syi, shéi syi?

chang syi, méisyi,

syisyi

. búyùng syïle syi wan . WO busyihwan syi wan. Jèijyan yishang néng syi bunéng? Yishang méisyi, bunéng chwan. Ni géi shéi syi yishang ne? Yishang hèn ganjing, biyung syi le.

yung

CV/FV

. yüng yige rén, shéi ying? yung shémma? . yung daudz

yüng yidyár chyán, yung shéi? yüngle hén dwo

wò yòngyung,

chadz chr fan,

yung hăusyẽ rén . Ni hwèi yòng kwàidz buhwèi? Ching géi wó yidyár chyán yüngyung. Dàudz,

10.

dwèi

CV

chàdz,

kwàidz,

ta néige dou buhwéi ying.

. Byé dwéi ta shwo. Jéige düngsyi dwèi wó méiyüng. Wò dwèi shémma dou busyihwan. Ta dwèi shéi dou bukèchi.

Ti

gen

CV

. Wd gén ta yikwar dzwò shr. Wò

gen ni shwo.

Shéi gen shéi shr hau péngyou?

. rou gén yu syinjf gen syinfengr . Ching nimen gén wo yikwar shwo. Wd gẽn ni shwo, tà syandzai gen wo yikwar ju. Ta gen ta michin yau yidyar chyan. CV CV

. Ni géi shéi syé syin ne? Wò géi ta shwo yige gushr.

Lesson

62

9. Coverbs

of Interest— Indefinites

b. Wò géi ta dzwò fan. Ni géi shéi hwà hwàr ne? WO bünéng géi ni dzwo shr.

Wò Ni Wó Tà

and Inclusives

ti ta dzwò fan. ti shéi hwà hwàr ne? bünéng ti ni dzwó shr. néng ti wo jyàu shü ma?

Ni méi güngfu, wó kéyi ti ni mái. Nin syandzai méichyan, wò ti nin mai ba. Neige düngsyi, wó géi nin mái ba. 13.

lyán

CV

14.

youyung méiyüng háuyüng

SV SV SV SV SV

dzang

ganjing

Tà lyán yíge péngyou dou meiyóu. Ni lyan ròu dou bucht, Lyán ni dou buch? rou. . hén

jen:

,

jèige

ma?

yau yige youyòng de rén you shémma yung? háusye dou méiyüng háuyüng buháuyung? Nyàn shü hén yóuyüng. Jéige düngsyi méiyüngle, dàule ba! Néige dou méiyùng. Yishang tài dzàng le, déi syisyi. Wò yau chwan ganjingde yishang.

15.

bútswò

SV

shi'ching hèn butswò, jèige rèn butswò, néige difang dou butswò

. Nèige fangwar jen butswó, yé pyányi, tsài yé hauchr. Ta dwèi péngyou jèn butswò. 16.

daswan yingdang

N/AV AV

chyù, bu-

. Ni Wò Ni Ta

yau?

syé yiféng syin, syisyi

syàndzài you shémma daswan? shémma daswan dou méiyou. dáswan chyu jyautang ma? méidzwò shè, yingdang you gangfu.

Ni yingdang dwo yüng yidyár güngfu nyàn shi. Ta daswan mai yige fangwar. (E

buyung

AV

. Wó yóu chyán, buyüng géi wo chyán le. Jéibén shü, ni buyüng kànle, méiyisz. Büyüng ching tà le, tà tài máng. Shéi dou buyüng ti ta dzwó néijyan shr.

Pattern Drill

63

PATTERN Question Words

Used

as Indefinites

Questions

S

V

DRILL

Positive

QW

?

S

V

Answers

Nu-M

SP

Negative

(N)

S

Answers

negV

QW

Ni hé shémma?

Wò he yidyar jyðu.

Wò buhé shémma.

Ni yüngle dwoshau rén?

Wò yòngle háusye rén.

Wd méiying dwoshau

Ni wèn shéi? Ni you dwoshau bèn sha?

Wò wèn ta. W6 you haujibén shu.

rén. W6 búwèn shéi. Wò méi dwoshau

(bền) shũ.

Question Words

Used

as Inclusives

Questions

A

V

Positive

shémma

Nimen

and Exclusives

(N)?

tan shémma?

before

Negative Answers

Answers

Sshémma (N) dou (or)ye V

S

Women

Women shémma dou butan. Ta shémma dou budzwò.

shémma

dou tán.

Ta dzwò shémma? Wang Taitai syi shémma yishang?

Wang Tt. shémma yishang

SW

S

dwoshau

Ni chr dwoshau

N)?

ròu?

dou

Ta shémma

dou dzwò.

dou negV

Wang Tt. shémma

dou syi.

yishang dou busyi.

dwoshau

Wd

shémma

dwoshau

V

dou

S dwoòshau

dou

Wò dwoshau

rou dou chr.

negV

dou buchr.

Ta yau dwoshau chyan?

Tà dwoshau chyán dou yàu.

Ta dwoshau chyan dou

Nér néng jt dwoshau rén?

Nér dwoshau

buyau. Nér dwoshau rén dou bunéng jò.

S

V

ji-M

rén dou néng

jù.

(N)?

S

(SP)

ji-M

(N)

Ni yau kan jibén shu?

Wo jéijibén dou yau kan.

Ta hé jibéi jydu? Ni yau syi jijyan yishang?

Ta nèijibéi jyou dou he. Wò nèijijyan yishang dou yau syi.

S

V

N)?

néi-M

STener M" (N)

V

dou

yi-M-

dou.

negV

Wò yibèn dou büyàu kan.

Ta yibéi dou bòhè.

Wò yijyàn dou büyàu syl.

dou

wy

néibén shu? Ni yau néige daudz?

Sywésheng néibén dou déi nyàn. Wò néige dou yàu.

Nĩ chữ nšikwài

Wó

Sywésheng déi nyàn

S.

S néi-M (M) dou negV

Sywésheng néibén dou bubi nyàn. Wò néige dou buyàu,

wo yung kwaidz.

Shéi

V

ròu?

N

Shéi syi wán? Shéi méi yishang? Shémma rén gen ni tan hwa?

Shéi

néikwai

Wò néikwai dou buchr. Wò chr tsai.

dou chr.

dou V

Shéi dou syi wan. Shéi dou you yishang. Shémma rén dou gen wò tan hwa.

N

Shéi

dou

Shéi dou Shéi dou Shémma wò tan

negV

(N

busyi wan. méi yishang. rén dou bugen hwa.

64 C.

Lesson

Intense Exclusiveness S

ilc

lyán

9.

of Interest— Indefinites

Coverbs

and Inclusives

(with yi-M N dou) idyár

O)

dou

V

Jéige tàng yidyár dou buháu he.

Wd lydn yifén chydn dou méiydule. Néige Dégwo rén lyán yijyü Jünggwo hwa dou buhwéi shwo. Tà lyán yibei chishwéi dou meiching wo he. Didi lyán yige dz dou buywànyi syé. Néige syáujye lyán yishang dou buhwéi syi. Tã lyán yijyù hwà dou bugén wo tan. EE EE 2. Transposed (with lyan)

Lyán

yi-M N,

5C OU

iV

a. Lyan yifen chyan, wo dou méiyóu. b. Lyán yijyü Jünggwo hwà, néige Dégwo rén dou buhwéi shwo. C. Lyán yibéi chishwéi, tà dou méiching wo he. D.

A General Pattern for Coverbial Expressions

S

CV

N

V

0

(CV N):

le

J; gen: “with,

a.

‘together’

Tã gén ta tàitai (ylkwàr) chyü jyàutáng le. Méimei büsyihwan gen didi wár le. Háidz gẽn fùmũ dzài yikwàr jù. “under,

“from”

Ni gen ta sywé ba. Ni gen ta yau jige syinféngr ba. Wò gen ta yaule sankwai chyan. “to, “toward' Wò gen ni shwo. Tà gen wó tài bukéchi.

Ni gen tà tánle néijyan shrching le ma? an gèt: a.

SE

Ching géi wo shoushr wóde wüdz.

Ni méigéi ta syi néisye daudz chadz ma? Ni büywànyi dzwóde shr, byé géi ta dzwò. ‘to?

Wó géi ta syéle yifeng syin. Tà géi wo shwole yíge güshr.

3. ti ('for, 'in place of”) Ching ti wó wén ni tàitai háu. Wó büti tà shoushr néisyé düngsyi. Nï bùnéng ti tà jyàu shü. Byé ti ta!

Questions

and Answers

4. yung (‘with,

65

‘using’)

Ta yung Janggwo dè syéle yiféng syin. Ni hwèi yung kwaidz chr fan buhwei?

5. dwéi (‘to,’ ‘for’)

Wd dwéi ni shwo:

Byé dwéi ta tan jéijyan shi.

W6 taitai dwéi wd tai hau le, wd hén ài ta.

Jéibén shü dwéi wó hén yóuyüng. E.

Patterns

with Transposed

1. Transposed

bel

to Position

ge

Object between

dou

Subject and Verb

Es

(neg)

Wò yige (jing) dou meiyóu. WO narde kaféi dou syihwan hé.

. Ta shémma shiching dou budzwò. Ta dwoshau chyan dou yau. Fi Pwd 2. Transposed

A 1. 2. 3. 4.

to Topic Position,

[ Dom e» A

Shémma rén, tà dou syihwan. Nárde tsài, wó dou bucháng chr. Néijang hwàr, wó dou budà syihwan-

Shéide syin, tà dou busyé hwéisyin.

QUESTIONS

1.

Chến:

before the Subject

AND ANSWERS

Ni chr shemma?

| Shěn

Wò shémma

dou chr.

YU rou

tsài, wo néige dou chr.

Wò busyihwan chr fan. Wò yiwán dou buchr. Wò néige dou ài chr, késhr dou búài dzwò. Hén háu, késhr wó lyán yige béidz dou buhwèi syi.

Ni néng chr jiwan fan ne? Janggwo fan, Mèéigwo fan, ni ai chr néige? Wò dzwò fan, ni syi wan, hau buhau? 2.

Jang:

Shéi méisyé jyasyin? Ta géi shei syé syin le?

Wd ye yau syé syin, nar you syinjr gén syinféngr?

Jau

Ta syéle, wd dou syéle. Shémma rén, Ta syihwan Nár dou mài néige shüpü

yé syéle, shéi tà dou géi syéle. syè syin. syinjf syinfengr, dou yóu.

Lesson

66

9.

Coverbs

of Interest— Indefinites

Shéi dou bunéng. Wómen lyán yidyar güngfu dou méiyou. Shéi dou büchüchyu.

Shéi néng ti wo mái yidyár syinjf ne?

3.

Swün:

Jéige jyóubei hén háukàn,

and Inclusives

Shén

wo néng gen ni mái ma? Dwoshau chyán? Ni géi shémma rén dzwò

Dwoshau chyan dou búmài, wo hai déi ying ne.

Wò méigei shéi dzwò yishang. Shémma yishang wó dou buhwéi dzwò. Shéi dou binéng. Ta gén wd yau géi péngyou mái düngsyi. Wò gen shéi dou méi tan.

yishang ne?

Syàndzai nimen shéi néng ti wo jyàu shũ? Néijyan shi(ching) ni gen

tamen tanle ba?

Yóusye

rén, wó büsyihwan,

yóusye rén busyihwan wó.

4.

Wang:

Chahuli de chad, shr bushr

Hwang:

ni dàule?

Ni dáswan yüng kwàidz chr fan ma? Néige fángwár de tsài hèn butswó, yé pyányi, yé háuchr, ni dáswan dàu ner chyu chr ma?

5.

Syü

: Wó gen ni ching ni Jünggwo kéyi ma? Ni dáswan

shwo: Wáng Ss. ti tà mái yibén shi gén chayé,

nér chyu chr.

Hé

gen shéi sywé

Egwo hwa? W6 wen ni: Ta géi wo măide jéilyangjr gangbi, néijr

háuyüng?

TRANSLATION

A.

p imeem ue Wó

ti

tà jyàu

shü.

l. I won't play with him. 2. Will you write a letter for me?

WŠ méidàu. Gãngtsái cháhúli yijing lyan yibéi cha dou méiyóule. Wd yiding déi ying dàudz gén chadz, wd buhwéi ying kwaidz. Dwéile, women yiding déi dau

Ching ni dwéi tà shwo:

Shü

gen chayé, néige dou biyung maile.

W6 ydu.

Wd yiding déi gén ta sywé. Wò yijing gen ta tánle. Wò dwèi ni shwò: Lyán yijr hauyòngde dou méiyou, néijr dou méiyüng.

Translation

67

B.

Wo

méi

chr

shémma.

3. I don’t have much money. 4. She didn’t sing many songs.

5. You didn’t say anything.

b.

bù Kee

:

Wò

CV

bügen

QW

shéi

shwó hwà.

6. He doesn't like to paint with a Chine se

E

7. I didn't buy any meat for you.

7

QW

dou/yé

Shémma

dou

brush.

sying.

y

PRA Wi

gen shei

dou

wár.

8. Everybody wants to buy the pictures he paints. 9. He didn't write to anyone. 10. He doesn't eat any (kind of) meat.

(Iyan) yi-M Ta

dou/yè

(1yan) yijang dou

kè méimái.

11. I haven't even a cent. 12. I don't know how to write even one Chinese

character yet.

13. I am going to eat dinner with Mr.

Li.

14.

The Chinese

eat with chopsticks;

and Mrs. Americans

eat with knives and forks. 15. Will you buy some vegetables for me? 16. I don't want a thing; I just wanted to invite you to dinner. 17. I didn't speak to anyone because I saw they were all indoors having dinner. 18. He bought several books with the money his father gave him.

Lesson

MOVEMENT

AND

VOCABULARY

lai chyù tsüng dau hwéilai

FV FV CV CV FV

Bue

MV

Táibéi

PW

EE

10

DIRECTION

DRILL

a. shéi (bu)lai? tàmen dou (bu) lai (bu)cháng lái ywànyi lái(chyü) yiding lái

shéi (bu)chyù? wómen budou chyü (bu)chang chyù buyiding chyü

b. Tsüng nár lái? Dàu n&ár chyà? Tsüng jyà lái, dàu sywésyàu chyù

c. TĀ tsúng Táipši đầu Mšigwo lái. Wd tsing Méigwo dau Syanggang chyò. Wang Syansheng tstng nar hwéilai? Li Taitai tsing nar hwéichyu. d. Tàmen dàu jér lái dzwò shémma? Tàmen (dàu jér) lái kàn péngyou.

dzémma

MA

jèmma némma némma ?

MA MA ` MA

a.

(jémma)

dzémma

shwo?

(dzwó,

chr,

syé, hwà,

nyàn, chàng, chwàn, dài) dzémma lái? (chyà? hwéilai, hwéichyu) b. dzémma géi ta? (ching ta? jyau ta? wèn ta?) jémma (némma) da (hau, tsingming)

c. Ching ni byé jémma shwo, háu buhau. Dàu sywésyàu chyu wang némma

dzwò

PW

o

PW

a. wang...

dzdu?

dzdu (kai, chi, lái, kàn)

f oe

PW PW

iF),

PW

wai shang sya

PW PW PW

wang

CV

ché chiché hwóche teilt

N N N N

a. ... shang, .. . shàngtou (chyántou, hòutou), (hwdché, féiji) chichéli(tou) ¬ = b. chéjàn, hwóchéjàn

chwán dzsyingché

N N

feijicháng chéjan hwòchejan

PW PW PW

c. Hwòchejanshang you hèn dwò rén. Féijichangshang méiyou féiji.

b. Ni wang némma chyii? Dau hwodchéjan chyu wang némma

68

dzdu?

Vocabulary Drill

9.

dzwò

kai chi

69

FV/CV FV FV/CV

. dzwó chiche, (hwóche, fẽijï, chwán), kai chiché (féiji), chí dèsyingché . Nin ching dzwó, hwóché yàu kaile. Nin dzwò shémma ché chyò? Wò buhwèi kai chiché, keshr wò hwèi chi dèsyingche:

Wò busyihwan dzwò féiji, wó ywànyi dzwó chwán. kan

FV

. kàn péngyou, lái kàn wo müchin (füchin, syànsheng), chyü kàn ta érdz (nyüer, nyüpéngyou)

. Wó dàu jér lái kàn wo gége. Ta dau nér chyu kan ta didi. pa küngpà

FV

A/FV

. Pa shémma? Pa shéi? Pa fòchin, bupa machin.

Wéishemma háidz dou pa ta? Ni pà tàitai ma?

Byé pa wò gen ni yikwar chyi. . Küngpà wó bunéng chyü. 'Tà küngpa hwóche yijing kaile. 8.

yiding büyiding

SV/A AV/A

. yiding (bu)mái (hwéi, dáng, shwo, géi, mài, yau, syihwan, ywanyi)

. yíding hén gwéi (pyányi, máng, háu, dà, háukàn) (Repeat with buyiding and yiding bu- but without hén)

. Néige háidz yiding hén tsüngming. Néiben shü buyiding háu. Jéige byáu yiding bupyányi. yübei wensyi

káu káushr

FV FV FV VO

. yùbei yidyăr tsài (jyðu, dyănsyin, chá, kãfẽi) - yibei gungké, wénsyi gungké

kau shémma?

(syé dz, chang géer)

. Wómen

bucháng wensyi güngke. le, swóyi déi yübei- yübei.

Yinwei yau kau

. Sywésheng dou pà kăush ma? 10.

dzóu

FV

. dzwò chẽ dzöu ma?

yige rén dzóu ma?

bünéng

dzóu,

. Tà méiyou ché dzwò, tà déi dzóu hwéichyu. NI tsáng nár dzóu hwéilai de? Búyàu dzai wang chyan dzou le! ik

dàu

FV

dau sywésyau chyt, dàu fángwár lái, chyü? dàu Wang jyà chyù

dàu nár

Lesson

70

PATTERN

A.

Movement

and Direction

DRILL

Coming and Going (with lái and chyü)

S Ta Ni Ta Wó Ta

B.

10.

A.

V

lái chang chyü yiding lai büsyáng — chyò. dou bulái

didi gege nyüer neilyangge péngyou

ma? ma? ma? le.

Starting Point and Destination (with Coverbs tsúng and dàu) de

S

Ni Tà

tsúng dàu

PW

(bu-) (bu-) (bu-) (bu-)

shémma difang féijicháng hwóchejàn Méigwo Jünggwo

(bu-)

tamen jya

(bu-)

chénglitou

(bu-)

lái chyü ?

pùdz(1¡)

1ai

2.

C.

Purpose

S

tsúng

PW

dau

PW

ch

Tamen Nimen

tstng tsüng tsúng tsung tsing tsúng

nar jèr Dégwo Fagwo nar Nyduywé

dầu dàu dàu dàu dau dàu

jér nár Méigwo Yinggwo nar Syingăng

lái? Chen? lái chyü chyù? lái

of Coming and Going lai

ie

S

chyü

Lĩ Syansheng

đa Wang Syaujye

tsung dàu

PW

dầu tsüng

Janggwo nár

dàu

jyéshang

dau dau tsüng

sywésyau chénglitou syàngsya

V

O

dzwò mai

shémma ? dungsyi

kan wénsyi kau kai

péngyou gungké Yingwén chiché

(lái) (chyò)

Purpose (VO) nyàn shü kàn ni

chi dzsyingché dzwó sh? chr fan mái düngsyi

Pattern Drill

3-

(EV

S

(Ching) (Ching)

D.

Means

71

CV

(ni) (nimen) (WO) buchang (Ta) dáswan

of Conveyance

PW

dau women jér dàu wómen jyà dau tamen nèr

dau jèr

lái chyt

Purpose V

lái chyü chyù lái

kànkan. dzwòdzwo. war. ju.

(with Coverbs) A or CV-N

1.

S

by

Ni

means

lái chyù

of

dzémma dzwò shếmma dzwò féiji (bu)dzwò hwòche (bu)dzwò chwan

? ?

chẽ

bunéng chi dzsyingché

2S Ni Shéi Tamen

(tsáng PW)

A or CV-N by means of

tsüng jyàli tsüng tà jyà tsüng nér

dzwó shémma dzwò chiché dzwó hwóche

ché

(dau PW)

lái chyù

dau nér dau jèr dau jèr

chyù? 1ai? lai

A or CV-N

3295

Ni Shéi Tamen E.

by means

lai

of

dzwò shémma dzwò chiché dzwó hwóche

ché

(tsáng PW)

(dàu PW)

chyü

(tsáng jyàli) tsung Li jya tsúng nèr

dàu nér dàu jèr dau Syingang

chyü? 1ai? lái.

Direction (with Coverb wang) dzóu

chyü lái kai

chi d

CV

PW

V

Wang Wàng Wang Wang Wang Wang Wang Wang

némma dzwó you chyan hou li wai nar

dzóu?

kan

Lesson

72

S

FV)

2.

(Ching) (Ching)

(ni) (ni)

(byé) (Byé) (Byé)

CM

PW

V

wang wang wang wang

sya sya sya sya

nyan shwo syè chàng

and Direction

E (le) (1e) (le) (le) wàng,

jyãu shũ, tsúng.

1. Ta pếngyou 2. Ni didi dau nar 3. Tàmen tsüng nár

-

4. Ta dàu jèr

5. 6. 7. 8.

Movement

using the following words: lái, chyü, némma,

Fill in missing terms,

dzšmma,

10.

buchyù? nyan shu? ? kàn ni.

Wo mũchin budàu nèr Ni mũchin lái budzóu? Wang Nimen dzèmma dau nèr

? ?

9. Wáng Syansheng budzwò féiji

, dzwò chwan

10. Ta tsing Méigwo dàu Táibéi 11.

yòu dzóu.

12. Jang Syaujye tsáng nér chi dzSyingché dau jér 13. Tà tsüng jer dzwó chiche dau nér ; 14. Tāmen

ju.

dăswan dàu Nyðuywè

15. 16. 17. 18. 19.

Shéi dau Yinggwo chyù ? Tà tsüng Dégwo dzwo féiji dàu jèr 5 Li Syaujye tsáng Jünggwo dàu jèr lái? dzémma Nimen dau Syanggang z Jàu Syansheng yàu dau Fàgwo chyü, tà Nyóuywe dzwó chwán

20.

chyu. Ching wen, tsúng jèr dàu hwóchéjàn chyü

némma

dzou?

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 1;

Ni tsüng nár lái? Tà tsüng Fàgwo lái ma?

WóÓ tsüng jyàli lái. Tà butsüng Fagwo lai, ta tsing Dégwo lai.

Tà tsáng Dégwo shémma difang lái? Tsúng Dégwo dau jér yóu feiji méiyou? Ni ye yau dzwò féiji dau Dégwo

chyt ma? Ni yàu dau hwóchéjàn chyü ma? Ni en hwóchéjàn chyu dzwó

shémma ? Nide péngyou dau jèr lai dzwò shémma? Ni ye chang dau Nyduywé chyt ma?

^Tà tsüng Dégwo yige syáu chénglitou lái. Yöu, yïnwei ta cháng dzwò fẽiji lái. Wò buyiding chyò.

buyiding gòu.

Yinwei wòde chyan

Chyt, ni chyü buchyu? You lyángge péngyou tsüng Nyóuywe

dzwó hwóché dau jér lái, swóyi wó dau hwŠðchẽjàn chyù. Wò syang ta lai kan ta michin. Dwèile, wò ye chang dau Nyòuywè

chyò.

Translation

73

Ni péngyou chang dau ni jer lai, ni ye chang dau ta ner chyt, sh?

Shr, swóyi wó yàu mái yige syáu chiche, kài ché chyu, yüng chyan shau.

bushr?

3. Nin tsing Jinggwo dau jér lai nyàn

Dwèile, wð tsúng Jũnggwo dau jèr lai nyan shi. Wó buhwéi shwo Yingwén, dzémma néng dau Yinggwo chyu? Wò déi dau wo jyéjye ner chyt, swéyi wÓ bunéng lái, syésye.

shu ba?

Ni wéi shémma budau Yinggwo chyu nyan shu? Tàmen dou dau wó jer lai he jyóu, ni ye lái ba? Wómen dou syáng dzwò nide syin chiché dau Nyduywé chyt, sying busying? 4.

Busying,

NI hwéi chr Jinggwo fan ma?

shwò

“ching dzwò,

ta budzwòsya.

Wò shwòo ‘Nin ching chr ba,’ ta vë bucht, ta dzèmma le? ji Ni méiyou chyan, ni dzémma néng dau fangwarli chyu chr fan? Ni géi wode néige chwán, dzémma nèmma syau a? 5.

Ni wang némma

ché tài syáu.

Ching ni jyàu wo dzémma chr? WóÓ yé buhwèi. Dzèmma shwö yš sying, nèmma shwo yš sying. Wö chỉng ni chữ fàn, hău buhău?

Ching gàusung wo jéijyu hwà dzémma shwo? Wò jyau ni chang géer, ni dzémma syèsye wo? Wò

wóde

Wò ye bujrdau ta dzèmma

Dzémma le, méiyou chyán bunéng chyü ma? Da chwan tài gwéi, wo méiyou nemma dwo chyan.

Wàng dzwð chyù yé sying, wang yòu chyò yé sying. Wang you dzdu méiyou.

chyt?

Wang dzwd dzdu you yige püdz, wang you dzòu yé you pudz ma? Tsüng jér wàng dzwó dzóu kéyi dàu nár?

Kéyi dau chichéjan. Tsúng wð jyã wàng chyán dzóu shr 42 jyé. Nér you hén dwo püdz.

Tsüng ni jyà wàng chyán dzóu, shr shémma difang?

TRANSLATION A.

From

and to a Place

NY

tsung dau la

PW

Wa

chyt.

Women tsung fangwar Ching dau wo jya lái.

Women

dau

le.

PW

a

tsing

PW

tsáng.

Fàgwo dau Yinggwo chyò.

;

Lesson

74

10.

Movement

and Direction

. Why don't you come to my house? He doesn't want to go there from here, he wants to go from the school. . Will you please come over here to me from the table? . It is difficult to go to China from France? BÈ 2 05 Conveyance V-O

of

dau

PW

dzwò

hwdché

dau

Nyóuywe

Wd

a

Ni

tsung

(by means

ow En

A

ip a Ss

dau Nyduywé

chyu,

D

chyu.

dzémma

chen?

. I am going to England by air. . How (by what means) do you get here from England? . Would you like to go to school in my car? CO O 10 . You can get to the place we live in by train. Purpose purpose dau- PW

Ta 9. 10. 11: 12.

dau Nyóuywe

lái

RESE

OE

RESE

OE

mái düngsyi

lái.

He goes into town to work. I am going to his house to do my homework. He is going to come here to sing. Where do you go to buy a watch?

Directions

13. 14. 15. 16. aba 18. 19. 20. 21. 22.

How do you make Chinese food? He does it this way; I do it that way. How about going to that restaurant to eat? How are you going to New York? ‘I am going by train. He is coming here from school to buy some books. I am going to the city to see a friend. What are you going to China to do? I want to learn to speak Chinese. Please come to the front of the store. In which direction do (you) go? Go left from there.

Lessons

REVIEW

6-10

UNIT

REVIEW Translate

sing the national anthem drink Chinese tea a short while ago later (referring to time past) do business formerly be comfortable be rich easy to understand go upstairs make a sentence write Chinese characters tell a story teach school invite guests put on shoes hear it said good-looking old friend be good to listen to their affair my friend's painting learning to speak Chinese the names of those two friends tuneful songs go home

ewn papp

. . . . . .

. very easy matters

. . . ĐÔ NO NX 1G» O9 OS ep DO BO NO BO BỘ er dor e e Ea B2. 33. 34. 35. 36. Sills 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43.

1

into Chinese:

eat light refreshments

. . . . . . . . . .

B

the meaning of this word interesting stories the brightest students that student’s surname businessman two cooks be satisfactory six matters on the table in the book

what place? walk back youngest daughter who knows? five rooms

44, 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. DG 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. ul 72. 13. 74. 75. Gs TE 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86.

go together book and magazine teach painting clean house outside the city on the street write a letter quite a few books two bowls of rice three glasses of wine one letter home 100 dollars $4,985.75 buy a few articles go to the station come from the airfield go from New York come by car come by bicycle prepare the lesson behind the door come from what place? go shopping more than 30 Chinese go to the right several hundred children go there by boat

return (here) go to see a friend he is right difficult to learn don’t write anymore cannot go by boat I do it this way on the table the boy who sells newspapers the book I read don’t feel well

five dollars and something (over) everyone knows go into the city What are you buying? How much do you want?

Review

76 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93.

Whom are they asking? How are you going? Why not go by air? Don't talk. (Better) ask the teacher! The big one is mine. I beg your pardon.

94. 95. 96. ETE 98. 99. 100.

REVIEW Translate

What's wrong? Where do you live? He has grown. I am not yet tired. They are eating right now. He still has money.

I'm no longer sleepy.

2

into Chinese:

15.

must go home must not go home don't have to go home

3009 dollars

16.

go where?

more than 50 cents more than 5 dollars a little more than 15 dollars

Té

more than 50 dollars (50 some dollars)

18.

4.

half a sheet of paper one and a half sheets of paper

19.

go upstairs my book is upstairs

5.

a good many churches a few churches

20.

go by car go for a car ride

6.

one shoe one pair of shoes

21.

make two sentences speak two sentences

7.

10 and how many

1.

2.

3.

more

than

3 dollars

more

than 30 dollars

309 dollars

10 and some

people?

people.

8.

Chinese friends friends of China

9.

which one is cheap? the one which is cheap

go from where? go to New York

go from New York come

to the station

come

from

the station

Don't go downstairs! I am not going downstairs

23.

He is a teacher.

He is busy. He is at school. There is one.

on the top of the chair the chair which is on top

24.

put on clothes put on a hat

11.

behind the house the house in the rear

25.

use everything don't use anything

eat here

26.

know every word don't know any words

come

of Chinese

22.

10.

12.

Unit B

here

13.

look forward look back

al

Which day is good? Any day. Which one is clever? Everyone.

14.

drive

26.

Don't drink it! Don't drink any more!

left

drive right

Review

71

3

29.

people who read the newspaper the newspaper which they read

36.

30.

I am not tired.

37. I was a student.

I am no longer tired.

They are about to eat. They are still eating.

I am now a student.

31.

The small one is cheaper. The big one is too expensive.

38.

What is your (sur)name? What is your given name?

32.

Where Where

39.

33.

I am not sure of returning. Are you coming back (here)?

the painting which she gave me the young lady who painted the painting

34.

are you? do you eat?

40. I am going to school.

I am going to study.

He is very tall. He has grown tall.

35.

Half of the books are good. I want only this half. Half a piece of candy will be enough.

REVIEW

3

Question Words Translate

A.

into Chinese

SAV

Using the Patterns

OWN

Indicated:

man

a. Are you inviting anyone?

b. Do you want to buy anything? c. Do you plan to visit anyone?

2.5

neg

V

QW

(N)

‘I don’t have much money. . He doesn’t want to buy many I don’t have many friends.

watches.

I don’t drink anything. 3

ee ae EVA

OWS

VA

ma?

Is he going anywhere (in particular)? Are you going anywhere (in particular)?

4.

ovp

neg^vCcVeQW

"V

I am not going anywhere (in particular). He doesn't plan to go anywhere either. I don't work for anybody (in particular). He doesn't eat in any restaurant (in particular). E

1. QW

dou

ne

AV

V

N)

Everybody likes him. Any time will do. There is a restaurant in every city. None of them has any money. Nobody can speak Chinese. ee

Review

78

2:

QW V

AV

(ne

dou

SEL

a. We go to school everyday. b. We

have to speak Chinese

all the time.

c. You can buy that watch any time.

Ss

QW S

V

AV

(ne

dou

Place

a. He doesn't want to go anywhere. b. He likes to sing everywhere.

4. S a. b. c. d. e. f.

QW O)

dou

(ne

AV

V

He doesn’t know anything. I like everybody. I eat anything. I like no one. This store sells everything. We didn't say anything.

9. QW O

S

dou

ne

V

a. He can sing all songs.

b. I won't sell any of the books.

REVIEW Translate A.

B.

into Chinese:

Changed

1. 2. 3. 4.

4

Status

le

He can now speak English. They became rich. He didn’t used to be busy, but now he is. He is no longer a child, he has become an adult.

Noun

Clause

Do you understand what I am saying? That book she is reading is interesting. The student who is thinking of learning Chinese is an American. All of the people who go to China like (to eat) Chinese food. The one who came a short while ago is his brother. c» Go gua Nr Isn’t the suit of clothes you are wearing of English make?

C.

Location and Existence— CV(dzai) . Where is your watch? . My younger brother is shopping in town. All the students are at that house writing letters. The food I ate at that restaurant was delicious. Is anyone at home? oectr 9 There are no good schools in this city.

Unit B

Review

D.

4

m9

Movement— Direction and Purpose

Mr. Yáng is going from Italy to England. My friend is coming from Hongkong to America by ship. York are teachers.

Not all the people who come to New We are going to New York to shop.

All the students who go there to study are very smart. Not all the people who are

going to Táiwān

on business

can speak Chinese.

CV Expressions He is very polite to me. He formerly studied Japanese under Mr. Wáng.

Mr. Lin often tells me stories. Who cooks for you? That little boy eats with a spoon. I knew that you spoke with him. . Chopsticks are of no use to me. . To whom are you writing that letter?

e, SA lyan a

dou

(ne

V

or

iyan

I don't know anything about it. I don't even have one cent. He can't even speak English well. Even the child can speak Chinese. Even he doesn't know. O' Oo» co 9 i c

Even Miss Wáng won't go.

S

dou(neg)

V

Lesson

COMPLETED

11

ACTION—TIME

VOCABULARY dzwétyan

MA/N

jintyan

MA/N

mingtyan dzáushang

jüngwü

m/N MA MA/N |

a.

WHEN

DRILL

dzài jyà, ^

büdzài sywésyàu,

lái bulai?

ó dzaush b. dzwótyan dzáushang, jangwa

jintyan w wanshang, g, mingtyan jintyan y

wanshang

MA/N

c. Wó dzwótyan wánshang méi(you) yübei güngké. Jintyan wánshang tà yàu lyànsyi chi dzwyingche. Mingtyan dzáushang wó yiding lái.

dzaufan

N

a.

jangfan (wufan)

N

wanfan

aie di-

byéde byérén

dzwò

, chr

jya chr le.

, yübei

, kwai chr

, dzai

le,

hau

N

b. Ta jintyan bühwéilai chr wánfàn. Ni dzwótyan jüngfàn dzài nár chr de?

M

a. diyiké, dishrsanké, nyanle baké, jiké?

BE

b. Gàngtsái syansheng shwo, néiké (shü) hén rüngyi. Mingtyan nimen káu dijikè?

N N

a. byéde dingsyi (or shiching, difang), byérénde feiji (or fángwár); shwo byéde, wén byéren, sywé byéde, ching byéren. b. Byéde feiji ganggang fèi dzòu, swòyi ni jyou dzwò jèige ba! Byéde difang büyiding jémma ànjing ba! Tà büyübei dzwó byéde shrching.

Byérén dou hwéichyule, jyòu shr tà yige rén hái dzài nér ne.

méi(you) hwéilai hwéichyu

A. FV

FV

a.

méilái,

méichyü, Ne

méidzóu c

z b. chrle méiyou? kànle méiyou? méiyou yübei, hwéichyu méiyou? méi hwéichyu

c. Ni méi(you) nyàn shü ma? Tà dzwótyan méihwéichyu ba?

Wéishémma ni didi jintyan dzáushang méihwéilai? kwai (yau)

A

jyou (yau)

A

a. láile, dzwóle, hwéilaile, hwéichyule

b. Wò chrle fan jyòu yùbei gũngkè. Ta daule Syanggang jyòu hwéi jya le. Ni fòchin mingtyan jyòu (yau) hwéilaile. Tingshwo ni mèimei kwai (yau) tsúng Méigwo hwéilaile. 80

Vocabulary Drill

81

Yinwei jèige rén kwai (yau) hwéichyule, hèn gausying.

7. you

A

a. yóu láile,

yóu méiyóule,

swòyi wd

yóu büdzwole

. Wáng Ss. dzémma yóu dàu Méigwo chyüle? Ta dzwotyan yiding yòu méiyòbei gangkè. Néige rén dzwétyan gang hwéichyu, jintyan you láile. Jüngwü gàng heéle jyóu, syàndzài yóu he, jén büháu!

8.

gang(gang)

A

- gang(gang) hau,

gang gou,

- gang(gang) hwéilai,

gang shfkwai chydn

gangdzdu

. Ta gang(gang) hai dzai jér, dzémma yóu dzóule? Jéiwei Sj. gang(gang) hwéi jyà jyou yóu chüchyu kàn ta nánpéngyou chyu le. Wò gang láile lyángtyan, swóyi hái buhwéi, wó déi dwo lyànsyilyànsyi. 9.

dzàu

SV

wán

SV

lai . láide jen

dzóu, butai , hwéilaide

hén

. Hái dzau ne, mang shémma? Budzáu

le, déi dzóu le.

Mingtyan ching ni dzáu yidyár lái, háu ba! Néijyàn shr, wó dzáu jyou jrdau le. 10.

kànjyan tingjyan

FV FV

-méi

, néng

méi

ne, yijing

, kwài

le, hai

le

. Ni dzwétyan kanjyan ta le ma? Gàngtsái ni füchin shwode hwà, ni méitingjyan ma? Ni méikanjyan ta ma? 'Tà gànggang hái dzài jèr ne!

11.

lyànsyi

N/FV

. lyànsyi báügóu, déi lyànsyi, chángcháng lyànsyi, lyànsyi shémma? dzài jèr bünéng lyànsyi, lyansyi kai féiji, hèn dwo lyànsyi

. Byérén dou dzài nér lyànsyi ne, ni wéishémma bülyànsyi? Wò syandzai sywé chi dèsyingchér ne, changchang tsáng dzáushang lyànsyi dàu wánshang. Sywé wàigwo hwà, yàu dwo lyànsyi shwo. 12.

hwa

FV

hwa chyan

VO

. Tà Wò NI Li Ni Ta

tài ài hwachyan. you chyan, kèshr méiyou difang hwa. mái néijyan yishang, hwale dwoshau chyán? Ss. büsyihwan ta taitai hwa tade chyan. hwa jèmma dwo chyan, na dzèmma sying a? youle chyan, jyòu hwa.

Lesson

82 13.

EI

A.

-

. A

a.

jyou

Ta taitai yi you chyán, jyou hwä. Wò yi chrle fan, jyou hwéi sywésyau. Wo yi géi ta chyán, tà jyou mái tang chr.

PATTERN

A.

Completed Action— Time When

11.

DRILL

Completed Action 1. Completed Action with -le

S

Ta

A

V

(yijing)

Ta Ta Ta

le

laile. chyüle. dzóule.

hwéilaile. hwéichyule.

Ta 2. Verbs with Simple Objects and le

S Wé Wò

A (yijing)

Wd Wé

le

kan nyan

bau shi

les le.

chyán güshr

mai

fángdz

with Simple Objects and Double S Wó

A (yijing)

Wd Wd Wé B.

O

géi shwo

Wo

3. Verbs

V

V

le

dzwole géile wangle

le.

le O

dzwòle

le. le.

wufan gungké chyán néijyàn shr

le le. le. le. le.

Negated and Suspended Action with méi-

Time

S

hái

Ta Ta Ta Ta Ta

(hai)

Words

méi

V

O

ne

méidzwò méilyansyi méichang méigausu méimái

wanfan

wo shi

ne. ne. ne. ne. ne.

V

(O)

le

and le

1. Action Completed

S Ta Tà

(A) dzwdtyan

dzwd yübei

Ta

kai

Ta Ta

kanjyan mai

ganggang

shr gungke

feiji

le. le.

le.

le. le.

Pattern Drill

83

2. Action Not Completed

S Tā Ta Tà Tà Ta D.

Question Forms

A kwàiyau kwai kwài jyòuyau jyòuyau

V

O)

le

măi dzwò dzóu hwéichyu chr

chē shr

le, le. le. le. le.

fan

with -le

1. With méiyou or ma S

Vo

TA Ta Tà Ta

chyùle shwole tingjyanle kanjyanle

2. Positive-Negative

Form

MÈ DI Di |U wo HHA

V-

meiyou (or ma)? meiyou? meiyou? ma? ma?

of Question

VERE

MEV

láile

meilái?

yùbeile syéle géile

3. With Single le or Double

S

le

meiyùbei? meisyé? meigéi?

le

"le

O

le

meiyou

or ma)?

(or ma)?

Ni

jyaule

shu

le

meiyou

Ni

daile

chyan

le

meiyou

Ni Ni

syile shoushrle

daudz wüdz

le le

meiyou meiyou

4. Question Forms

with méiyou

S

V

O

Ni Ni

yubei kai

gũngkè feiji

Ta . hwéichyu Tà

shoushr

5. Positive- Negative Form

E.

meiyou? meiyou? meiyou?

meiyou? (wüdz)

meiyou?

of Question

S

V

le

Ni Ni Ta Ta

yubei(le) kai hweichyu shoushr

O gungkè feiji (wüdz)

Expressing Purpose 1. Action Incomplete

Ta füchin dau Jünggwo chyu jyàu Yingwén.

mei

Vi?

meiyübei? meikai? meihwéichyu? meishoushr?

Lesson

84

11.

Completed Action— Time When

én chyu. Ta fùchin dau Jūnggwo chyu jyau Yingw chyu. én Yingw jyàu wo Jüngg dau n Ta fòchi 2. Action Completed

. Ta gége dau Fagwo chyu dzwd sh? chyule Tà müchin dau wüdzli dzwó fan chyule. Tà jyéjye dau sywésyàu nyàn shü chyle. F.

‘Other’

Wd bumăi byéde. Wò syang yau byéde. Byéde dou gwèt. Dzémma byérén dou bumái? Byéren dou yübei güngkeé chyule. Wò syihwan ting byérén shwo gòshr. Uses of jyòu On bya

Ta jydu jyau wo yiké shu. Ta jyòu jrdau hwa chyan. 2.

“soon'

Tà jyóu lái kan ni lai. Ta jyòu hwéichyu! 3. then:

Wò tingshwo ta dau Syingang le, wò jyòu dzðule.

Wd kanjyan ta dzdule, wo jydu láile. Wd dzwodle gingké jydu hwéi jya le. Wd chile jyautang jyou dau fangwar chyule. Yigal

you

Néige háidz Wo Wómen

yi yi yi

kanjyan wo, géi ta chyán, chüchyu,

QUESTIONS

(tà) tā tà

jyou yàu chyán. jyou yàu chüchyu. jyou yàu mái táng chr.

AND ANSWERS

Tà máile ma? Tà máile. Ni mèimei hele ma? Wò mèimei hele. Tamen jintyan dou dzoule ma? Dwèile, tamen jintyan dou dzdule. Ni didi chyüle ma? Wo didi chyüle. Tà düngle ma? Taà düngle. Ni machin jrdaule ma? Wo müchin jrdaule.

Ni péngyou láile méiyou? Tà láile. Wáng Ss. hwéichyule méiyou? Wáng Ss. hwéichyule. Tà dzwótyan máile méiyou? Tà dzwótyan máile.

Written Translation

85

Ni kanjyanle méiyou? Wo kanjyanle. Ni füchin yijing hwéilaile méiyou? Wd fòchin yijing hwéilaile. Ni tingjyanle meiyou? Li Sj. dzóule meiyou?

Wo tingjyanle. Li Sj. dzóule.

3.

Tā màile tāde chìchē le ma? Tà màile tàde chicheé le. Ni syéle néiféng syin le ma? W6 syéle néiféng syin le. Tà gàusung ni jéijyan shrching le ma? Ta gàusung wo jeéijyan shiching le. Ni wénle ni péngyou le ma? Wd wénle wo péngyou le. Ta mèimei shwo neige gòshr le ma? Ta mèimei shwò neige gushr le. Nĩ gẽge mãile táng le ma? Wð gẽge măile táng le. Jang Ss. géi ni chyan le ma? Jàng Ss. géi wo chyán le.

4.

NÍ máile neige düngsyi meiyou? WÓ máile. Ni yòbeile gangke meiyou? Wò yòbeile. Ta dzwotyan ching kè le meiyou? Ta dzwétyan ching kè le. Nèisye jyudz ni dzwòle meiyou? Wò dzwòle.

9.

Ta yijing dzòule ma? Ta hai méidzdu ne. Chén Tàitai dau Syingăng chyù le ma? Tã hái méichyü ne. Ni chr jungfan le ma? WóÓ hái méi(chr) ne. Jàu Ss. hwéilai le meiyou? Ta héi méihwéilai ne.

6. Wang Ss. ydu dau Rbén dzwò shémma chyu le? Ta chyu jyau shi chyule. Ni machin dau chénglitou dzwd shémma chyu le? Ta mai yishang chyule. Wang Taitai jintyan chyu mái düngsyi chyu le ma? düngsyi chyule.

7.

Dweéile, tà chyu mái

Ni géi ta gangbi le ma? Wd méigéi ta, byéren géi ta le. Byérén jrdau jéijyan shrching ma? Byéren büjrdàu. Ni hái syáng ch? byéde düngsyi ma? Syésye ni, wó büsyáng chr byéde dangsyi le.

Byéde ni syihwan ma?

Byéde wò bòsyihwan.

Shr j@iwei Ss. yau mai shi ma?

Bushr,

WRITTEN

shr néiwei.

TRANSLATION

j NY

dūngsyi

măile

Wò maiile. Wd yijing maile.

:

1. Did you make Chinese food? Yes, I did. No, I didn't.

2. Have you made that table? Yes,

I have already made

No, I haven't made

it yet.

it.

le

ma

(méiyou)?

Wò méimaii. Wò hái méimái ne.

Lesson

86

11.

Completed Action— Time When

. Have you sold the watch? Yes, I've already sold it. No, I haven't yet sold it. . Did you eat supper yesterday? Yes, I did. No, I didn't.

. Have you told the story? Yes, I have already told it. No, I haven't told it yet.

. . . .

I have not yet had breakfast. Mr. Jang will soon be leaving. Have you prepared Lesson 11? Those two friends of his have already left. Hasn't the teacher returned yet?

. The others all went into the city, but he didn't go. . I didn't practice that song this morning. Mr. Wang invited me only; he didn't invite any others. I didn't see him at school last night. My brother is going to the restaurant right now. . I didn't hear what he said. That child smiles at me when

he sees

me.

. His father is going to America to teach the Chinese language. . Miss Li has come back to Shanghai to see her mother. . Having spent all of his money, he returned home.

. Mr. Hwang has taught us only two lessons. . I think he is planning to go to Japan soon. . When the students saw the teacher coming,

they stopped talking.

Lesson

TIME

EXPRESSIONS

12

BEFORE

AND

VOCABULARY méi-tyan -yè

-nyan ywè libai syingchi

SP

wanshang,

N M/N

bànyán, SERE

ai N

N

Yiywè

méiyige difang,

VERB

méiyiké,

mèéiyityan wanshang,

jige ywé, :

b. méityan, méiyé, méi(yi)ge libài,

Libaiér,

THE

DRILL

a. méiyige rén,

M/N

AFTER

s2ge libài,

méige

wiòtyan,

banyè,

chige syingchi

méinydn, méi(yi)ge ywè, méi(yi)ge syingchi, shàng-

jéi-Syingchiwü,

syà-Libaityàn

c. Wó méityàn dou kànjyan ta. Fàgwo gen Dégwo dále háujinyán de jàng. Yinyàn yóu 365tyàn. Jintyan syingchiji?

Èrywè ete.

Libaiyi Libaityan Syingchisan Syingchilyòu ete.

shàngywè jèiywè syàywè shanglibai jeilibai syalibai ete. -swèi

M

a. jiswei? dwóshau swèi? jiswéile? dwoshau swéile? b. Néige háidz jiswèile? Jinnyan Szywe bahau, ta yijing érshrswéile.

chyünyan jinnyan

mingnyan chyántyan hòutyan

chwün(tyan) syà(tyan) chyou(tyan) düng(tyan)

MA/N MA/N . MA/N

MA/N

MaN x MA/N MA/N

a. chyònyan jiywè? jinnyan dangtyan. mingnyan syatyan. b. Hòutyan shangkè. Chyantyan shr Libáiwü. Mingtyan jyàn c. Chyünyan lyouyweé wó méityan dau Nyduywé chyu. Hòutyan shr 1964nyán yiywè yihàu le.

Tà chyántyan láile, hóutyan tsái dzóu ne. Chwüntyan gen chyoutyan shr.

.

báityan _yèli

shrhou

MA/N

MA/N

a. báityán de shfhou,

chr fàn de shfhou,

shémma shfhou le? b. Tà báityan dzwó shr, yéli shàngsywé. Báityan, yéli, tà dou büdzài jyà. 87

Lesson

88

12.

Expressions

Time

before

and after the Verb

Syàtyan jèi sange ywè, wò tèi mang, méi shfhou nyan shu. 5.

tho Wó

tyantyan

nyánnyán ywèywè

6.

>P

. Jèisye nyan, ta tyantyan buchr dzaufan. Wò syiwang tyantyan shr libèityan. Nyánnyan yí dàu düngtyan tà jyou büshüfu. Ywéywe yi dau érshrjydu hau wd jyou méichyan le.

. Némma

tsai

nyan shu. kànjyan ta.

shwo tsái dwéi ne.

b. Hóutyan, tà tsái chyu dzwò libai ne. . Tà chyünyan tsái lái de. Bingle sannyan tsái háu. Bingle tsái buwárle. 7.

bing bingle bingren syiwang bing háule

N/V FV N/V EK

. hén lihaide bing,

. dà bing,

méi shémma syáu bing

syiwàng shémma?

bing,

yóu shémma

syiwàng?

méi

syiwang le.

. Syiwang méirén bing, syiwang méi bingrén. Jèige bing, méisyiwang le. Syiwàng byé dzài bingle. Tà bingle sàntyan, syàndzai yijing háule. Háidz bing háule, müchin jyou gàusyingle.

. Syiwàng néi lyánggwó bu dzài dájàng le.

. Jéi háidz báài shàngsywé, méi syiwàngle. 8.

dyanying(r)

N

. kàn dyànying(r), kàn hău dyànyïng(r), yichang dyànying(r)

. Jintyan yóu shémma háu dyànying(r). Tà ài kàn dájàng de dyànying(r). Kan dyanying(r) de shfhou byé shwò hwà. Jer you jijya dyanyingrywan? Jéijya dyànyingrywànde dyànyingr butswó, késhr dyànyingrywànli tài cháu.

9. yünggüng

VO

. bu-

, hén

. Neige sywésheng büyünggüng. Büyünggüng busying. Ta shr hèn yünggüngde yige rén. Ni déi dwo yünggüng. 10.

dzwòlibai

VO

< dzài jyàutáng dzwólibài, dzwólibai de shf£hou . Jei Libaityàn,

11.

shéngchi

VO

ni chyu dzwólibài ma?

. you shéngchi le, bidzai shéngchi le,

Pattern Drill

89

byé shéng chi le, shéng shéide chi? tài rúngyi shéngchi, cháng shéngchi, shéngle bàntyàn chi, shéngle yidyár chi - Dzémma Dzémma

némma ài shéngchi ne! shéng némma dade chi ne!

Syáujye dóu ài shéngchi ma? 12.

dájàng

VO

. jinyán méidájàng dále sànnyán jàng

. Néigwó dou büywànyi dájàng. Néigwó gen néigwó dájàng? Wéishémma dájàng?

i

hei bái lyàng

SV SV SV

. hèn dzémma

„ tài némma

rén hén

S

jile, ne,

de háukàn,

(héi, bái)

. Jéige wüdz (lyàng, bei ie, 14.

yàujin

SV SV

büyàujin

. néige

?

de shrching.

. Méi shémma yàujin de shr. Jéige hén yàujin, byé wàngle. 15.

lihai gausying

SV SV

. tai sying

, jen

ZO

SV

de lihai, bugau-

. Ta taitai lthaijile.

Nèige rénde lyan béide lihai, yiding shr bingle. Wd taitai yi hwa chyan, wo jyou bugausying. 16.

jyou hénjyóu dwojyóu

haujyou büjyóu

PM a

Hénjyóu méijyàn. Háujyóu méikàn dyànjingr le. Dájang, dále hénjyóu le. Tàde bing, gàng háule büjyóu. Ni dzémma chyüle némma jyóu ne?

PATTERN With Time time 1. Time

DRILL

Expression before the Verb— 'Time When' when

Words

time

when

A

and Phrases:

a. Wòmen gangtsai nyan Dishrèrkè le. Néiwei láunyánrén dzwótyan wánshang dzwólibai le. Sywésheng Chiywé szhau hái shangké ma?

b. Jéilyángge ywé tà mángjile. Yeli, wd dou dzai jya. Néityan jüngwu, ni dàu tà jyà chyüle ma?

V

O

Lesson 2. Time

Clauses:

a.

syaude

Wò

shfhou,

12.

Time

bòsyihwan

Expressions

before and after the Verb

wér, dale, syihwan le.

Jang Ss. tsing dzwétyan dau jintyan dou dzai waditou war. b. Shàngke de shrhou, ta chang shw6 hwa. Tà láide néityàn, tà tàitài bingle. . 3. Lapse of Time

before Negative Verbs:

a. Jàng Ss. hénjyóu méidzwolibài le. Jéijityan, wó tyàntyàn dou büshüfu. Kàn shüde shrhou, wó büsyihwan gen rén shwò hwè. With Time

Expression

after the Verb—

Time

as Measure

of Action

1. Without le

a.

V

time NU-M

shéng

yityan(de)

(de)

O

chỉ

shang sège syingchi(de) kè géi (ta) sannyan(de) chyan . dá yinyánde jàng,

b.

time NU-M

VA

lái dwoshau shfhou? dzóu jityan? lái hénjyóu :

time

Wò sywéle wüge libài de Rwén le. Ta kanle yityande dyanyingr le. Wang Ss. dzwóle háujige ywéde máimai. Chyán Ss. shéngle bàntyàn de chi. 2. With Verb

-le Only time

a.

Vle

NU-M

de

O

shengle yityan(de) chi shangle sège syingchi(de) kè

` géile ta sànnyán(de) chyán dále yinyán(de) jàng

b.

Vle

time

NU-M

láile dwoshau shf£hou? dzóule jityan?

láile hénjyóu

Pattern Drill

91

3. With both Verb

-le and Sentence

-le

time

d

Geen, O 1e shéngle yityan(de) chi le shangle sège syingchi de kè le géi le ta sànnyán(de) chyán 1e

dále yinyán(de) jang le time

Wiese NUBMS

lo

láile dwoshau shfhou le dzóule jityàn le

láile hénjyóu le time

co CC In CÁ

cực.

c

Wò sywé Rwén, sywèle wige libai le. Ta kan dyanyingr, kanle yityan le. — Wáng Ss. dzwó máimai, dzwóle hăujige ywè le. Chyán Ss. shéngchi, shengle bàntyàn le. 4. Definite Quantities

of Time

Elements

time

S

V(le)

NU-M

(de

O

le

ETA shēngle bàntyān de chì le. Néiji gwó dále chibanyánde Wò dzwò santyande sh.

jàng le.

time

S

V(1e

NU-M-N

de

O

le

Ta kaile lyangge libaide chiché. Jang Taitai sywéle bage ywède Rwén le. Nimen yijing shangle shfjige syingchide kè le. 5. Indefinite Quantities S

a;

S Nimen

of Time

V le,

V

O;

Elements i

time

V le

dzai Méigwo

indefinite

time indefinite

jùle hăujyðu le ba?

Ta kan dyanyingr, kanle haujityan le. Tyan lyangle hénjyou le. Cee

Thesshi

z.: de Construction

1. Clauses

without Object S shr DADES NOCcircumstances GCU OSC on

a.

‘when’

Tā shr yèli láide.

V eee de Na

Lesson

92

12.

Time

Expressions

before and after the Verb

Wò shr 1962nyán chyüde. Hwang Ss. shr Jyduywe érshrbáhàu dzóude. b.

‘where’

Tã shr tsúng Táiwãn láide. Tà shr tsáng lóushang syàlaide ma? Tà báshr dàu nér chyüde. c.

‘means

of action’

Wd shr dzwoó feiji láide. Wáng Sj. shr dzóu chyüde. Jang Taitai bishr kai chiché láide. d.

‘with whom’

Ta shr gén shéi láide? Wò shr gen wo syansheng yikwar kànde.

Women shr dzai yikwar dzwòde. 2. Clauses

with Objects

S

shr circumstances

a.

‘when’

V

de

O

Tā shr dzwótyan máide màudz. Jàng Ss. shr 1962 nyán syéde shi. WŠ búshr báityan kànde dyàn-

O,

(S)

shr circumstances

V

de

Maudz, (ta) shr dzwótyan máide. Shu, Jang Ss. shr 1962 nyan syéde. Dyányingr, wó büshr báityan kànde.

yingr. b.

“where'

Ta shr dzai néige syáu püdz maide jeige byáu.

Wó shr dzài sywésyàuli kànjyan de ta. Jang Taitai shr dzài Nyóuywe

máide Jünggwó wán. c.

“means

Jéige byáu, tà shr dzai néige syáu püdz máide. Ta, wò shr dzai sywésyauli kanjyan de. Junggwo wan, Jang Taitai sh? dzai Nyóuywe máide.

of action'

Wò shr dzwò féiji chyòde Dégwó.

Ni shr dzwó chwán láide (Rbén)

Dégwo, wò shr dzwò féiji chyòde. (Rbén), ni shr dzwó chwán láide ma?

ma? d.

“with whom”

Ta shr gén ni yikwar chide fan ma? Syáuháidz shr gén müchin yàu de chyán. Tā shr ti ta taitai jyaude shi. eo

Fan, ta shr gén ni yikwar chide ma?

Chyán, syáuháidz

shr

gén müchin yàu

de.

Shu, ta shr tì ta tàitai jyäude.

price:

Wò shr szchyànkwai chyán máide chiche. Tā shr lyăngwànsän măide fángdz, büshr

sànwàn máide.

Chichè, wò shr sèchyankwai chyan maide.

Fángdz, tà shr lyángwànsàn máide, büshr sánwàn máide.

Questions

D.

and Answers

93

Reduplication of Nouns

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

E.

Rénrén dou syihwan chyán, késhr, rénrén bádou yóu chyán. Nyánnyán chyoutyan, ta dóu büshüfu.

Libaiwu, büshr jyàjyà dou chr yü ba! Ta ywèywè dou dau Nyduywé chyu war. Tyantyan dzaushang,

wò dou bòsyihwan dzwò shiching.

Uses of ‘tsai’ 1. In Time

Expressions

a. In future

TW

tsái

Tà Wd

mingtyàn syachingchi

tsái tsai

Rén Ni

láule düngle, wo

tsái tsái

V

(9)

mái fángdz chyü budzwò shr bushw6

ne)

(ne)! (ne)! ne! ne!

b. In past

TW

tsái

Vv

(9)

Tà

dzwótyan

tsái

dzóu

Ni Haidz

düngle, wo dale, ta mtchin

tsái tsái

de (de)!

bushwo chyu jyau shu

de! de!

2. In Other Expressions

S

tsái

Bákwai chyán Ta jèmma shwo Kài che chyu

tsái tsai tsái

QUESTIONS

1.

2.

Ja

Chén:

V

ne!

mai háuting sying

AND

: Jéi libài ni máile jijyàn yishang? Ni hai yàu mái jijyàn ne?

ne! ne! ne!

ANSWERS

Jàu

: Wò miile sanjyan le. Yijyan héide, lyaòngjyan baide. Wò yijyan dou bümáile.

Ni taitai chang mai syin

Wd shẽngchì, dzwótyan wo

yishang, ni shéngchi ma? Nide yishang dou shr dzai néige püdzli máide ma?

jyou shéngle yityànde chi. Büshr, háusye dou bushr dzài néige püdzli máide.

Ta tyantyan dzwólibài ma?

Lin

: Ta bu tyantyan dzwodlibai.

Mingtyan ta chyu dzwòlibèi buchyu ?

Mingtyan shr Libaisan, ta buchyu, Syingchityàn tsái chyu ne.

Méige libài, tà dou chyt ma?

Dwèile, dou chan. Ta shwo dzwòlibai hèn yaujin. Ta

bingle tsái büchyü ne.

Lesson

94

3.

Wang:

12.

Time Expressions

Ninde syău didi jiswèi le?

Hwáng:

before and after the Verb

Jinnyan Jyóuywe érshrérhau ta jyou baswèi le.

Tā yijing shàngle lyángnyánde sywé le. Ta Iyòuswèi shàngde.

Ta shangsywéle méiyou?

Ta shr jiswéi shangde sywé? Ta syihwan shangké ma?

Ta busyihwan,

ta syiwang

tyantyan dou kan dyanying(r).

4.

Hán

: Ni shr néinyan ddaude jèr?

Jang

WóÓ dzài nér jüle yige syàtyan.

Wò dzai jèr jòle sznyán ling lyángge ywé le.

Ni tsüng Hwáshéngdwün dau

Wð búshr dzwò fẽiji láide, yš büshr dzwó hwóche láide,

jér lái, shr dzwoó feiji láide,

shr dzwó hwóche láide? : Jéi lyángge ywè ni méidau Nyóuywe chyü ma?

wò shr kai chiche láide.

Chyán : Jèi lyangge ywé, wd dau Nyòuywe chyò le.

Ni néityàn hwéilaide?

Wò baéhau hwéilaide.

Ni büshr Báywe chíhau hwéilaide ma? -Mingtyan shr Yíywe yihàu, ni dau w6 jya lai chr fan, hau buhau?

6.

Syü

chyoutyan

Wò shr shfywé yíhàu dàude.

Ni shr jiywe jihau daude? Ni dzài Hwáshéngdwün jüle dwojyóu? Ni dzai jér jüle dwojyóu le?

G

Wò shr 1959nyande daude jèr.

Büshr, shr Chiywe báhàu.

Wó

yljing hwéilai h&áujige ywé le. Syèsye nin, wò méi gungfu. WóÓ déi gen wo nyüpéngyou chyu kàn dyànyingr.

: Jintyan jihàu?

Dzwótyan shr sànhàu, swóyi jintyan shr szhau.

Ni chytnyan Sanywe sanhau dzai sywésyau shangkè le

ma?

Sanywé wd hai dzai Taiwan ne, jinnyan chwantyan wo tsgi hwéilai de. Wò Sanywè shrszhau hwéilaide.

con

Ni jiywè jihau hwéilaide?

Ni baéityan tyantyan nyan shi, yèli dou dzwò shémma ne? Ban

: Néilyánggwó dále We jang le? Sh? néinyan dáde ne?

Shr dzai nar dade jang? Syiwang byé dájàng le, dájàng jén büháu. Nà hén nán shwo!

Wò yèli ye déi nyan shi, wómende syànsheng tài lihai.

Yu

Dalé yinyán dwole.

Shr chyünyan Wüywé jyóuhóu dáde. Shr dzai Dégwo dade. Sh? a! Rénrén dou busyiwang dájàng, késhr hái chang da! Shémma shfhou ts4i néng bu

dájàng le.

Written

Translation

95

WRITTEN

TRANSLATION

Le | a Ne eatJan)

A.

Syàndzài wó Dzwotyan wd

yijing

chfle chrle

sãnkwài táng — sànkwài tang.

le.

1. I have already given him a hundred dollars, but he says it still isn't enough. 2. Last year he wrote two books. 3. How many pictures did you paint last week?

B.

|

Jawiae] a Ge

LEN Zan Wo

sywéle

sange ywe

de Junggwo hwa

le.

4. You have been singing for quite a while. 5. We have been traveling by air for four days, but still haven’t arrived. 6. She has been teaching for more than six years (and still is teaching).

bereet

E

Wë

chyünyán

jyaule

sange ywè de

shi.

7. Last Friday I read for quite a while. 8. I stayed in Taiwan for two weeks last May. 9. I taught in America for seven years. D.

Use the shir...

de Construction in These Sentences:

shr

Eu A.

AN.

10. It was last Wednesday that he came. 11. I came on Thursday, not on Wednesday. 12. Which year was it that you painted the picture? 13. The letter I wrote on October 20, 1964, was written at school. 14.

E.

It was

on April

Which Pattern:

15, 1962,

that I saw him at school.

Pattern A (1e), or Pattern D (shr...

15. I ate at the restaurant last Sunday night. 16. He wrote that book in China in 1937. 17. Where did you go last Thursday? 18. How did he come here from Japan? 19. Last year we ate at school every day.

de)?

Lesson

96 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.

12.

Time Expressions

before and after the Verb

I couldn't go to China last year, but I hope to this year. Which day did he return: was it Tuesday or Wednesday? He has already been working at that store for four months. Having lived in Japan for ten years, he returned to China. How many years have you been living here? I've been living here for only a year, but I lived five years in Canton.

Lesson

RELATIVE

13

TIME—CLOCK

VOCABULARY -dyan

TIME

DRILL

- yidyan jing yige jüngtóu

-kè

b. jintyan shangwu hóutyan syàwu

-fen

jüng jüngtóu shàngwu syàwu

lyángdyán bàn

dzwótyan syàwu

lyanggeban jüngtóu

chyántyan shàngwu

szdyan- shrfén szge jüngtóu ling shffén

mingtyan shangwu tyantyan syawu

. Syàndzài jidyán jüng le? Wómen tyantyan shàngwu bãdyăn jũng shàngkè. Nimen syàwu shémma shfhou hwéichyu? chà

. chà sãnfền bãdyăn (bãdyăn chà sãnfẽn) chà chifền shrèrdyăn (shÝèrdyăn chà chifẽn) badyan gwò sanfen

gwò

chàbudwo chàyidyár

shfèrdyan gwò chifèn chàbudwo wükwai chyán chèbudwo sèdyan le . hai cha jige ren? gwd shrhou le hái chà dwöshau chyán? hai déi gwò lyăngtyáu jye chàyidyár (méi)géi ta chàbudwo dou géi ta le

. Hái chà lyángge rén ne, büsying. Gwò lyăng tyãn dzài mái ba. Dzài gwó yityáu jye jyóu dàule. Néijyan shrching, wó chàyidyár (méi)gàusung ta.

Yingwén, wd chabudw6 d6u wang le. 3.

yichyán yihòu

MA MA

. yichyan chyugwo yitsz ^ yihóu büdzài chyüle yichyán máigwo yihóu büdzài máile

. Yichyán wó dzài Jünggwo nyàn shü. Syandzai w6 dzai Méigwo jyau shu. Yihóu wó syáng dau Dégwo chyu dzwó máimai.

4.

... yichyan me de shrhou ey nou

MA MA

MA

. jyóudyán jing Szywe 1960nyan

jy5uge jũngtóu szge ywe sannyan

. chr wüfàn kan dyanyingr dajang

shangkè dzwòlibai

97

Lesson

98

13.

Relative

Time—

Clock Time

. Shangké yichyán wó déi yübai güngke.

Shangkè de shfhou wó büneéng tán hwà. Syàké yihóu wó jyou kéyi hwéi jya le. 5.

tóu-tsồ -hwéi

SP M M

. touyityan tóulyángtyan tóusanké

tóuyige juüngtóu tóulyángge jüngtóu tóusznyán

tóuyige rén tóulyángge rén tóuwübén

. tóuyitsz(hwéi) diyitsz(hwéi)

tóulyángtsz(hwéi) dièrtsz(hwéi)

tóusantsz(hwéi) disantsz(hwéi)

. shangtsz(hwéi)

jèijitsz(hwéi)

syatsz(hwéi)

méitsz(hwéi)

nèisants2(hwéi)

néitsz(hwéi)

. Ta tóulyángtsz chyü shr dèji chyòde. Jéishr wó diértsz dàu jér lái. Wò jyou chrgwo lyángtsz Fàgwo fàn. Néige güshr tà shwole háujihwéi le. dzji

N

. wò dèji mái tsài wó syáng d2ji chyu

shéi dèji dzwò fan? tā dèji kaiche

. Néisye dZ dou shr wó dZji syéde. Jéiben shi shr wd dzji maide. ie

dajya rénshr jyèshau

N

. nimen dajya, women

FV FV

. Ni rénshr

dajya

ta ma?

Ni burénshr jéige dz ba! Nimen dàjyà dou burènshr

shéi ba!

. W$ syáng géi ni jyéshau yige péngyou (shiching, güngdzwoó, yibén shũ). WóÓ géi nimen jyèshau- jyeshau. syousyi

FV

likè

A

(jyou) yihwér

NU-M/MA

(jyou)

Wó tài léile, déi syousyi yihwér. Wómen méityàn jüngwü dou syóusyi yige jüngtóu.

a. wér yihwèr, dzwò yihwér, déng yihwér - Ta likè jyòu lái, wó liké jyòu chyò. Shéi yihwèr jyòu dzóu? . Wáng 8s. ching ni likè jyòu 14i. Ching ni yihwér géi wo syé yifeng syin, sying busying?

10.

tis

tsünglái (bu, méi) jyanglai

VA

sam] OUÈ

MA MA

. tsánglái bühé jyóu, tsünglái méichrgwo yü Jyànglái dáswàn dzwó shémma?

- Wð tsúnglái méidầu nèr chyùgwo. Ni jyangléi dale, dAswan dau nar chyu nyan shi? - Ta yi lai, w6men jyou dzdu. Ta yi youchyan, jyou syáng hé jydu.

Wò yi kanjyan ta, (wd) jyou shéngchi.

Vocabulary Drill 12.

syan... dzai

13.

dzai

99

A

. Ni syàn syángsyang dzài gàusung ta ba! Nin jintyan syàn chyu kànkan, míngtyan dzài mái háu buhau? . wánshang dzài shwo míngtyan dzài dzóu ba! syàlibài dzài mái ba!

. Wð búdzài chyüle. Chĩng nĩ byé dzài hẽ jyðu le. 14,

tsai

. tsái chrle yiwan fan, tsái hẽle lyăngbẽi Tsái láile sãnge rén.

. Jéiben shü tsái wükwai chyán. Syàndzài tsái lyóudyán, hái dzáu ne. Néige háidz tsái wüswéi. . Tàmen syàwü tsái dzóu. Mingtyan tsái kàn shü. Wò syaywè tsai néng syousyi. 15.

kan

FV

a. Ni

sying ma?

Wd

bugòu.

b. Wò kan, ni déi jintyan chyù.

Nin kèn ta néng lái ma? Tà shwode néijyan shrching, nin kàn sying ma? 16.

kénéng

SV/AV

. hén kénéng, bükénéng kénéng bükénéng? . Néijyan shr bükénéng. Ta kénéng mingtyàn lái.

ts

. láigwo, méichyügwo, sywégwo Yingwén méikànjyangwo Fàgwo byáu yichyán méimáigwo Dégwo bi

-gwo

tsünglái méichwangwo Ègwo yishang . Ni dau Rbén chyügwo ma?

(Ni chyügwo Rbén ma.)

Tà méichrgwo Jünggwo fàn ba? 18.

jyan

FV

. Mingtyan jyan. Dzai jyan. Jintyan wanshang jyan. . Néiwei wd méijyangwo. Jéige shrching, ni déi jyàn ta füchin.

19.

chilai

FV

. Ni méityan shémma Ta yijing chilaile.

shrhou chilai?

Ta yi chilai jyou syang chr fan.

PATTERN A.

Time

When

1. shémma

Relative

13.

Lesson

100

Time—

Clock Time

DRILL B.

by the Clock

Amounts

of Clock

Time

1. Ni syé dz, syéle dwoshau

shrhou(le)?

shrhou

le?

Ni syè dè, syèle jige jũngtóu le?

Jídyan jüng(le)?

wufen jung

shrwifén jing (yiké jung) sãnshrfẽn jũng(bànge jũngtóu) sèshrwifen jang(sankè jung) yige jüngtóu lyángge-dwo jüngtóu sànge jüngtóu ling chifen s>ge jũngtóu ling shrfén wuge jangtou ling yikè

yidyán jung lyángdyán-dwo jang(le) sandyan gwó chifen

s£Zdyán (gwó) shffen wũdyăn-yikè (wüdyán- shfwüfen) lyoudyán-eérshrfen

lyouge jüngtóu ling érshrfen chígebàn jüngtóu

chidyánbàn (chidyán sanshrfen)

báge jüngtóu ling sZshrfen

bàdyán-sanké jyoudyan- sankè (jyóudyán- sZshrwüfen) (chè yikè shrdyan) (shrdyan chè yikè) yi-lyangdyan jung sz-wudyan jung shryi-érdyan jing

2. Time

When

S

MA

Wò Ta

Precedes

chidyăn badyan

V

O

jũng shàng kè. jang nyan shi.

3. Time When Precedes (Negative Form)

MA

2. Amount

the Verb

Shéi lyangdyan jang syè

5

jyóuge jüngtóu ling szshrwüfen chà yiké jüng shfge jüngtóu (chà sh£wüfén jung shfge jüngtóu) yi-lyángge jüngtóu s2-wüge jüngtóu shryi-érge jüngtóu shfjige jüngtóu

dz?

the Verb

buV

V(le)

Wò Ta Shéi 3. Time

O

Elapsed

Involving Time

le

Since

an Action

Pre-

the Verb

S

MA

méiV

O

(le)

WO chige jūngtóu méi kāi che (le). Ta bage jüngtóu méi nyan sha (le). Shéi lyángge jüngtóu méi syé dz. (le).

General Expressions of Relative Time L

MA

-jangtOu de kè. shang chige jüngtóu de shu. nyàn badge lyángge jüngtou de dz? syè

cedes

WO chidyăn jüng bükai che. Ta bàdyán jüng bünyàn shi Shéi lyángdyán jüng bisyé dz? C.

S

of Clock Time Follows the

Words

a. Tā tsúngchyán láigwo jèr. Tà tsángchyán méiláigwo jér; jyànglái yàu lái.

Pattern Drill

101

Ta tsungchyan chyògwo nèr. Tà tsüngchyán méichyügwo nér; jyangléi yau chyò.

b. Yichyán wó dàu jèr láigwo; yïhòu hái yáu dàu jèr lái. Yichyán wó méichyügwo Jünggwo; yihóu syángyau dau Jũnggwo chyù. c. Yichyán tà dzai jer nyangwo shi; yihòu jyou bádzai jer nyàn shü le. Yichyán tà méi dzai jer nyàngwo shü; yihóu tà syángyau dzai jer nyàn shü. 2. Without

Time

Words

a. Shéi méikanjyangwo jéijang hwar? W6 tingjyangwo jéige géer. Wò méitingshwògwo nèijyan shè. Wò méigen ta sywégwo Yingwén. Ta géi wo máigwo Jünggwo

shi.

b. Tà chyügwo yihwéi. Tàmen dau jer láigwo jitsè. Wómen dzai ner jügwo sànnyán. c. Ni dau Nyóuywe chyüle meiyou? Chyùgwole. Tà dau jer láile meiyou? Láigwole. Ni chrgwo fàn le meiyou? Chrgwole.

Nin hégwo cha le ma? 3. With Time Words

Hégwole.

but without - gwo

a. Yichyán wò dzwó máimai,

syàndzài wó jyàu shü, yihóu wó hái syáng

dzwó máimai.

Tsungchyan ta mai bau, syandzòi ta mai sha, jyangléi ta syAng mai jung-byau. 4. Specific Expressions

a.

ato

of Relative Time

yachyan

. .. de shfhou

yige jũngtóu yïchyán yidyan jüng yichyan wuge ywe yichyan Wüywe yichyán shÝnyán yichyan

yige jüngtóu de shfhou yidyan jang de shfhou wüge yweé de shrhou Wüywe de shf£hou shÝnyán de shrhou

1960nyán yïchyán

1960nyán de shfhou

(méi) rènshr ta yichyan chr wüfàn yichyán dájàng yichyán shàngchwán yichyán

rénshr ta de shrhou chr wüfàn de shfhou dájàng de shfhou dzai chwánshang de shfhou shangké de shrhou dzai Taiwan de shfhou

shàngké yichyán (méi) dau Téiwan yichyan

iu

Sv

yihou

yige jũngtóu yïhòu yidyan jing yihou wũge ywè yïhòu Wũywè yïhòu shÝnyán yïhòu 1960nyan yihòu rènshr ta yihdu chr wüfàn yihòu dajang yihou syàchwán yihòu

syaké yihdu hwéi Méigwo yihou

b. Chyántyan shàngwu badyan jang yichyan wo méidzai (budzai) jya. Dzwótyan jüngwu shfèrdyan jang de shfhou wo shangkè ne. Jingtyan syèwu sandyan jang yihòu wò jyou kéyi hwéi jya le.

Lesson

102

13.

Relative

Time—

Clock Time

Sãnge ywè yïchyán wó yijyu Jünggwo hwà dou buhwéi shwo. Sange ywè de shfhou wò kéyi sywé háusye. i Sange ywè yihòu wò jyou kéyi gen Jinggwo rén shwo Jinggwo hwa le.

Dájàng yichyán, shémma düngsyi dóu hén pyányi. Dájàng de shf£hou, düngsyi dou hén gwèi. Dájàng yihóu, düngsyi yóu dou pyányi le. Compound

1. (Yàushr)

Sentences

with jyou 'then'

S

V

O

S

jyou

V

(Yàushr) (Yàushr)

wó ni

you méiyou

chyan, shf,

wðni

jyou jyou

mái. lái.

bai

(Yaushr)

ta dzai

ching

wo

jyou

chyù.

le.

V le

O

2.19

wo,

jou...

(1e)

Women

máile

dũngsyi

jyou

hwéi jyà

Tàmen Wo

dàule chrle

jyali fan

jyou jyou

chr fàn, nyan shi.

Jyòu, tsái and dzài after Time Expressions 1. a. Ta mingtyan jyou chyt (le). Tà hóutyan jyou lái (1e). Wò gwò lyangtyan jyou mai (le). b. Ta mingtyan tséi chyò ne. Tà hóutyan tsái lái ne. Wò gwò lyángtyan tsái mái ne. c. Ni mingtyan dzài chyu ba! Ni hòutyan dzài lái ba! Ni gwd lyăngtyan dzài mái ba!

. Ta widyan jung jyou laile. Ta Libaisan jyou chyile. Dzwótyan syàwü wò jyou jrdaule.

b. Tà wüdyán jüng tsái lái(de). Tà Libaisàn tsái chyü(de). Dzwótyan syàwü wó tsái jrdau(de). c. Ni wüdyán jüng dzài lái ba! Ni Libaisàn dzài chyò ba!

QUESTIONS ake Shémma shfhou le? Nide byáu jidyán? Syangdzai jidyan le?

Syàndzài wũdyăn gwò jïfẽn? Tãmen shémma shÝhou ch? wănfàn?

AND ANSWERS

Lyangdyan yikè le. Gang sandyan. Chè shffen badyan.

shffen.) Wüdyán gwó sànfén. Chidyán-dwo jüng.

(Badyan cha

Questions

2.

and Answers

Ni yityan nyàn jige jüngtóu de shü? Yige libai, shang érshrdwoge jũngtốu de kè, tài dwö bai Tstng sywésyau hwéichyu dzdu yike jing néng dau jya ma? Kai chiché dau Nyduywé chyu déi

yung jige jungtéu?

Yàushr dzwò hwðchẽ chyu, dši yang dwoshau shfhou?

Ching nin gwólai tántan háu buhau? Ni kànjyan Jàng Syangsheng méiyou?

Dầu chẽjàn chyù dši gwò jïtyáu jyẽ? Syàndzài shếémma dũngsyi döu hšn gWéi, gwó lyángtyan dzài mái ba! Yijing gwd shrhou le ba?

103

Wò yityan nyan yóuge jüngtóu de shi. Butai dwo. Shffén jang jyou gòule.

Déi yüng lyángge-dwo jüngtóu. Gén kài ché chyu chàbudwo, lyángge-dwo jüngtóu.

Dwéibuchi,

yé déi

syàndzài wó méiyou güngfu.

Kànjyan le, ta ganggang tsúng jèr dzóugwochyu: DÉI gwó sZtyáu jye. Háu ba!

Dwéile, yijing gwó wüfen jing le.

Cha yige ren dzémma ban? Wènwèn ta, cha jijang? Hai cha jikwai chyán? Yiging badge, dwéi budwei? Jéilyángge chàbudwo ba?

Cha yige rén búyàujïn. Ta shwo cha lyăngjãng. Hai chà wükwai chyán. Dwèile, yige dou buchà. Jéige chayidyar.

Shéi yi yóuchyán jyou syáng he jyóu? Ta yi hé jyou jyou syáng jyà ma? Yi dàu libàuwü tà jyou dàu Nyóuywe chyù ma ?

Ta yi youchyan jyou syang hé jyòu. Tà yi he jyóu syáng jyà.

Yi dau Nyòuywè, ta jyou syaòng mai düngsyi,

Dweile.

Shr jende.

shr jende ma?

Yàushr ni méiyou shr, jyou dzài jer chr fàn háu buhau?

Háu ba!

Ni dàu Jünggwo chyügwo méiyou? Ni chrgwo Jünggwo fàn ma?

Tsünglái méichyügwo. Yichyán méichrgwo. Wò dzwògwo yitsè.

Ni yé méidzwògwo Janggwo chwan ba?

Shéi sywégwo Jinggwo hwa? Ta sywégwo dwoshau shfhou?

Ta sywégwo bage-dwo ywè.

Sàndyán jüng yichyán tà dzài jer

Ta budzai jér.

Shfnyan yichyán ni jyou rènshr

Shfnyan yichyan wò jyou rènshr ta.

bidzai jer? '

Sz Syansheng sywégwo.

ta ma?

Shangkè yichyan ni déi dzwò shémma? Chr fan yichyan ni dzwèi syihwan

Shàngke yichyán wó déi yübei güngké. Wò dzwèi syihwan kan dzájr.

dzwò shémma?

Yichyán ni dzài shémma difang

Yichyán wð dzài Rbén dzwó máimai.

dzwó máimai?

Yichyán ni cháng kàn dyànyingr ma?

Yichyán wó bucháng kàn dyànyingr.

Lesson

104

8.

Yihóu wó dáswan dau yinggwo chyu nyàn sha.

Yihòu nin dáswan dau shémma difang chyu nyàn sha?

WRITTEN

TRANSLATION

before or after the Verb Time

when

a

Libaisan

Time

yihóu tyàn tsái lyàng ne.

tyàn tsái lyang ne?

(MA)

Clock

tyàn jyou heile. WO syáng, dzáushang lyóudyan bàn

heile? Syàndzai dzáushang jidyán jung

Time

Time—

Dwèile, wò déi shwo jijyü kéchi hwà. E i Dăjàng de shfhou dũngsyi döu gwèi le. p Syàndzài Mšityan lyòudyăn jũng yihou

Gèéi ni jyèshau péngyou de shfhou ni déi shwò jijyò kèchi hwè ma? D&jang de shfhou düngsyi dou gwèi le ba? Mšityan jïdyăn jũng yïhòu tyãn jyou

Time Expressions

Relative

13.

(MA)

wë

as measure

of action

NU-M@e( `

2 kànle

lyăngge jũngtóu (de) dyànyïngr.

Every day I eat lunch at twelve thirty. Your mother came to see you at three o'clock.

I arrived there at about nine thirty a.m. . Tonight I plan to paint for two hours. . Last night I sang for only half an hour. . I have now been working for six hours. Time

Elapsed since an Action Took Place Precedes

the Verb:

Wò lyángge jüngtóu méikànjyan ta le. 7. I have had nothing to eat for more than twenty-four hours. 8. Yesterday morning he didn't speak for a whole hour. 9. If you don't speak Chinese for two months, you'll forget it. Relative Time—A time referrent may be followed by yichyán, yihóu, or -de shfhou

in the sense

Specific time: Amount of time: Event:

of ‘before,’

‘at the time

of,’ or

‘after’:

1952-nyán yichyan, wd judzai Jinggwo. |Wünyán yihóu, tàmen bàndau Shànghái chyule. Ni chr fan de shÝhou, búyàu shwö hwà.

Ni dàu Jünggwo lái yichyán, hwéi shwo Jünggwo hwà ma? yichyán Time

| -de

shrhou |

S-V-O

yihóu

10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

If you want to see him, you must go before four thirty. My friend went back to Japan two years ago. Five minutes ago, he said he wasn't going. Before you say anything, think it over. When I speak, my wife always laughs at me.

Written

D.

Translation

105

The Experiential Particle gwo

Q: A:

Ni dau Fàgwo chyügwo ma? W6 dau Fàgwo chyügwo. (or Méichyügwo.)

. I have never

studied Japanese.

. You have never Qo M

introduced

us to each other.

Haven't I ever told you this?

Perhaps you have forgotten.

Is it five o'clock yet? Not yet; it still lacks ten minutes. How long have you been living in Peking? . I have never before traveled by plane. Ln 02 C2 Hd Mr. Wang used to teach at this school. Three years ago he left. One day, before he left, we gave a dinner party for him at the Peking Restaurant. When I arrived that evening, there were already quite a few people present. Some

of them

I knew,

some

short while I knew everyone.

I didn't;

but someone

introduced

us, and in a

Lesson

EXPRESSION

14

VOCABULARY

mén chwanghu kai(kai)

gwan(shang) héshang

a.

FV FV FV

MANNER

OF

DRILL

Chyanmén(r), waitou kai mén,

hòumén(r),

gwan mén,

chwanghushang,

mén-

kai chwanghu

chwanghu kaije ne, mén gwanje ne,

Ni byé b& mén gen chwanghu dou gwanshang. Ta ba chwanghu kaikai le.

Ching nimen dou héshang shu. dà là, nándzóude

là

Lüshang yóu hén dwó ché. Chyántou méiyou là le, bunéng dzóule. Jéityáu là hén háudzóu. a. jyé deng, lò dëng

deng

kai deng, gwan deng

Hing déng bunéng dzóu, lyü déng kéyi dzóu. Jéige deng tài lyàng. yansé, yansher hung hwang lan

a. Shémma yánsé?

N/SV N/SV N/SV

lyü

N/SV

kwailé

N/SV

^

háukànde yánsó,

lán yánséde bi

b. Jéige mén shr hwang yansè de, wò busyihwan. Nèityau lòshang you hèn dwö húng lyù dẽng.

a.

hén kwàilé,

büákwàilé,

kwàilede

rén

b. Tà syàndzài kwailè jile.

a. dà jyating, syáu jyating, kwàiléde jyàting

jyating

Yige jyating kwdile bukwaile, dwéi syAuhdidz hén yaujin. ` syauhwa

syauhwa(r)

V N

syau syauhwa(r), syauhwa(r)

ta shwòde

syauhwa(r),

ai ting

Ta di syauhwa rén.

Wð shwö Jũnggwo hwà shwöde bùhău, chĩng nin byé syauhwa wò. syáushwo(r)

N

p

háu syáushwor,

yóuyiszde

syáushwor

« You hèn dwò syáushwor butài hău. Yourén syé syAushwor, ydurén kan sy&nshwor. 106

Vocabulary Drill

o

gèng

féichang

10.

107

A A

yaujin,

gwèl,

ai shwo hwa

. Ta gége tsüngming, tà didi géng tsüngming.. Jèige dèng feicháng lyàng.

jèng(dzai)

. jéngdzai nyàn shü(ne)

jéngdzai syé syin(ne) . Wó chyüde shrhou, tà jéng chr fàn ne. Tamen jèng tán hwà ne, wó chyüle. EIS

dangran

a. dàngrán róu háuchr, dàngrán wó tàitai háukàn. . Háidz dou ài wár. Nà dàngrán. Tà méichyán, swóyi ni busyihwan ta.

12.

MOUN

a. You hduchr you hăukàn, yòu bèn yòu lăn.

EE

13.

kwai kwaikwarde man manmarde

Nà dàngrán!

. Nèige chyanbi you háuyüng yóu pyányi. Tà jéilibài hén máng, yóu syé syáushwor yóu hwà hwar. SV

. dzOude

jèn kwai, chrde hèn man,

fẽiji kwài

SV

' syè,

chwan man,

shwo

. Ta kan sha kande jen kwai. NI, jyóu déi mànmaàrde he, késhr shr yingdàng kwaikwarde dzwò. 14.

. Bòbi janje, jèr you yidz.

jan janje

Ta dzai waitou janje ne.

Méiyou rén jànje chr fàn. 15.

pau

FV

. Cháng páu, bünéng páu, páu shémma?

Byé páu!

dzai jyéshang pau

. Ta tyantyan pauje dau sywésyau chyu. Ñĩ didi tsúng nèityàu jyẽ păuje láile. 16.

17.

18.

a. déng shéi ne?

déngje

FV FV

ka syau

FV FV

. Ai

kai hwèi

vo vo

. Shémma Shémma

dëng

san hwèi

byé déng tà,

dzai wàitou déngje

. Wò busyihwan déng rén. Ta tyantyan dzai ner déng ché. WO bunéng dzài déng le. Ching nín déng yihwér ba!

, byé

, bucháng

le bàntyàn le. 5 4h à ne. T ã hái ˆ Ni shémma? Nèige héidz you kò yòu syau. shrhou kai hwèi? shÝhou sàn hwèi?

, dà

14.

Lesson

108

Expression of Manner

b. Mingtyan kaihwèi shr dzai shémma Sanhwèi yihdu, jyou yau chrfan le. 19.

pingcháng tèbyé

20.

héshr chingchu

de güshr, jéige hèn

de rén,

SV/A

a.

EC

b. Pingcháng wð buhẽ jyðu, jintyan tèbyé. Néige maudz tébyé gwéi. Néige sywésheng jén tèbyé!

SV

a, bu

SV

b. Jèige yánsè fẽicháng héshỳ. Ni syin syéde

PATTERN Manner

and Degree

1. a.

S

of an Action

jile, tèbyé

e

, hén

Tà shwó hwà, shwöde

A.

jẽn chingchu.

dè yé yòngde hèn héshr.

chingchu,

DRILL

or Condition

FVde

(A) SV

Tà

syéde

(hén) háu.

Syáuhár

dzóude

(jen) kwai.

Ni Wò mèimei

láide paude

(tài) (tài)

Wë Ta gege

changde hwéilaide

lèi jile. hèn wan.

Ta

chytide

hén kwai.

Women

warde

hén yóuyisz.

S Néige Jèige Jéige Wë Wang Jang

SVde düngsyi fángdz difang Taitai Syansheng

méi

N

gwèide méi syáude méi cháude méi mangde méi lihàide méi bènde méi

rén rén rén gingfu rén rén

S

SVde

Ta Düngtyan Syàtyan

bènde heide lyàngde

dzău. màn.

AV)F V ywànyi ywanyi ywànyi kan shi. syihwan syihwan

A)

O măi. ju. lái. ta. jyau ta.

SV

lihai (hén) dzau. (hén) dzáu.

FV d.

difang (kai)?

S

SVde

buAV

FV

(O)

Tà Néige rén

kwünde lánde

busyáng buywànyi

chr fàn. shwö hwà.

Pattern Ze

Drill 8.

b.

109

S

EV

Tà Ni NI müchin Li Syansheng Tà Lau Taitai

dzwò fan dzwóde chang géer changde syi yishang syide jyau shü jyàude yubei gungkè yübeide dzóu lù dzdude

FV

C

O

FVde

S

A)

(jén) háuchr. (hèn) bitswò. (féichang) kwai. (hén) chingchu. (hén) hau. (hén) man.

FVde

(A) SV

Dzwò Junggwo fan, ta dzwòde Jyau Yingwén, ta jyaude Shoushr wudz, wó tàitai shoushrde Kai feiji, ni didi ^ kàide B.

Command

SV

(j&n) háuchr. (badè) chingchu. (hén) gànjing. (feicháng) kwài.

and Request (with kwài and SV yidyár)

1. Kwài dzóu ba!

Kwai hwéilai! Kwai

kai mén!

Kwai chyü chr fàn. 2. Kwài Màn Dzau Kwài C.

yidyár yidyár yidyár yidyár

Alternative

i

Choice

S

295 set

b.

páu! chi! syousyi! yübei!

Páu kwài yidyár! Chi màn yidyár!

Questions

with shr.

shr

FV(O),

shr

buF V

Ta

shr

mai,

shr

bümái.

Ni

shr

shwo,

shr

büshwo.

(O)

NI

shr

déng tà,

shr

budéng ta.

Ni Ta

shr shr

kai mén, dzwòlibai,

shr shr

bukai mén. budzwòlibai.

Shr

SG

Shr

ni

Shr Shr Shr

Wang Ss. Jang Sj. ni

Shr

ni

rènshr

shr

(S)

FV(O)"

sht.

S

kàn,

shr

tà

mai, bingle, géi chyán,

shr shr shr

Li Ss. Li Sj. ta

shr time when

(Ni) shr Shr Shr Shr

jintyan dzáushang bàdyán(jüng) jinnyan

ta,

kàn.

wó

mai. bingle. géi chyán. rènshr

ta.

FV,

shr

time when

chyt, kan, lái, mài,

shr shr shr shr

mingtyan wánshang jyóudyán(jüng) mingnyan

Shree

SEV

O

de,

shr

Shr

gàusung

ta

de,

shr

ni

FV(O)

S tà

iy

gausung

FV chyü? kàn? lái? mai?

ONSE ni

de?

Lesson

110 3. a. (S)

Shr

time when

(Ni) shr Shr Shr Shr

jinnyan jintyan dzăushang jéilibai

b- (S)

chime

chyù, yubei, kãi(kai), lyànsyi,

VO

(Tà) shr Shr Shr Shr Shr

gén dzwd ti dwéi dau

CONS

shr

Tà Ni

ni chwan ta ni Nyduywé CV

[©

háishr

Expression

time when

háishr mingnyan háishr mingtyan háishr wănshang háishr syàlibài

FV

of Manner

J(ne)?

chyù (ne)? yübei (ne)? kãi(kai)? lyànsyi(ne)?

FV,

háishr

. CV

Sywé, chyù, shoushr, syàu, chyt,

háishr háishr háishr háishr háishr

gen wó sywé? kai fẽiji chyt? ti ni shdushr? dwéi wó syàu? dàu Syingáng lái?

FVde,

háishr

CV

(or FV)

O

O FV

FV(de)

shr gen ni chytide, haishr gén ni didi chyüde? shr ying gangbi hwade, hdishr ying chyanbi hwade?

Wó füchin shr dzài Ta D.

FV,

14.

jya

chrde,

shr wang ding

Interrogative

Uses

of Sentence

háishr dzài fằngwăr chrde?

dzóude, háishr wang syi dzoude? Particle

ne

[e In Question-Word Questions:

Ni dzémma dzwótyan méilái ne? Tà dzémma hái buchr ne? Lau Jang dzémma hái méigàusung ni ne? Jàu Syansheng syàndzài dzwó shémma ne? Ni wéishémma láu büyübei güngké ne? . In Abbreviated

Questions:

Wò busyihwan chr yi, ni ne? Tà chángcháng kàn shü, ni ne? Wò yihwèr jyou hwéichyu, ni ne? Tà tsünglái bukàn bàu, ni ne? Néisye güngke, wó yihóu dzài wensyi, ni ne? Use of Particle

-je

ne

1. V-je

Chwanghu gwanje ne. Ta déngje ni ne (ma)? Shu dzai jwodzshang fangje ne.

2. V-je!

V (or CV)- je

(Chwanghu) méigwanje. Ta méidèngje wo. Méidzai jwodzshang fàngje. Mos Tes

Ni tingje! Wò gausu ni. Wò syè Janggwo dè, ni kanje.

3. V-je

` méi

V

O

Dzduje hwéi jya. Janje hwa hwar. Gwànje mén hé jyóu.

Wò dzai jèr dèngje ba. Dzóuje hau. Ne

V

O

(shr- de)

(Shr) dzduje hwéide jya. Jèijang hwàr shr jànje hwàde. (Shr) gwanje mén héde jydu.

Questions

and Answers

QUESTIONS

AND

ANSWERS

Ni ju. > néige fángdz dà budà? Chwar, hu dwo budwo? Wili srr shémma yênse? Wèishémma wũdz yàu bái yánse de?

Hén da.

Nimen

Shr hwéngde.

jyade fangdz shr shémma

yanse? Dzémma büyàu byéde yánse? Nimen jyàde dà mén shr hwángde ma? Jyeshang you deng ma?

Nimen jyàli dwoshau Dou shr shéi?

Chwanghu butai dwo. Wüli shr báide. Bái yánsè lyàng.

. Byéde yansè wò busyihwan. Büshr, shr hüngde. Yu, késhr butài lyàng.

rén?

Lyòuge rén. Wó füchin, müchin, gege, didi, hai you yige syáu mèimèi. Ni jyòu shwole.wüge rén a. Al Hai you wò ne? d Dwèile! Wòmen hèn kwailè.

Büshr lyóuge rén ba? Wò syang nimende jyating hèn kwailè!

Ni pingchang dou kan shémma Ni yé syihwan kan syaushwor

Dou kàn shémma Jünggwode ma?

sha? ma?

syáushwor?

syáushwor hén yóuyisz :

Ni syihwan ting syauhwar ma? Nimen jya shéi dzwèi hwèi shwo syàuhwar? Tà chángcháng géi nimen shwo ma?

Sywésyauli nyande shi, hai you syaushwor. Ké bushr ma! Jünggwode, wàigwode, wó dou kàn, tébyé ài kàn Jünggwode. Dangránle!

Hén syihwan. Wó füchin shwode dzwéi késyàu.

WóÓ kéyi chyü ting ma?

Méityan chrle wánfàn yïhòu, ta dou géi wómen shwo. Dàngrán kéyi! Ching ni lái ba!

Ni dzémma lái de? Ni tai léile ba? Kwai yidyar syousyisyousyi ba? Ni gang chfrle fan buyingdang pau,

Wð páuje lái de. Kébushr ma! A, buyàujin, wó büléi. Dwéi, féichang dwèi.

ni shw6 wd shwöde dwèi budwèi? Ni dzai ménkóur jànje dzwó shémma ne?

NÑĩ fùchin hái méihwéilai ne ma ? Ta tyantyan dou jèige shfhou hwéilai ma? “Wò syang bihwèi you shémma ta kénéng hèn mang ba!

Wd déng wo füchin ne!

Hái méi ne! Büjrdàu shr dzémma hwéi shr. Büyíding, késhr tà dzwótyan hwéilaide hén wán, jintyan géng wánle.

shèÈ,

Kébush? ma! mang.

Ta jéisye tdz hén

Lesson

112 8.

Ni syáu didi dzémma kü le? Chyántyan jüngwü wó láide shfhou, ni jèngdzai dzwò shemma ne? Wò syang rènshr nin néiwei péngyou Li Syansheng, kéyi ma?

WRITTEN

A.

14.

Expression

of Manner

WO syáng tà syáng müchin ba! Wò jèngdzai gwan chwanghu ne. Kéyi, ta hén hau, nimen lyangge dzai yikwar féichang hésht.

TRANSLATION

Expressing Manner a.

Tà shwo hwà,

shwode

tài kwài.

b. Ching ni shwo chingchu (yi)dyár.

c. Jéijàng jwodz wó máide hén pyányi. . Please walk a little faster. How about eating a little more slowly? You eat too fast. eat more slowly. I don't think he speaks too clearly. Elderly people all walk very slowly. . He speaks Chinese both slowly and clearly. Mr. Li came to school very late this morning. . Hurry up and do it. . He writes very legibly. (so that it is easy to read) 9. Wouldn't it be a good idea to write larger? 10. That dress was made too small; she can't wear it. 11. Sorry, but I don't handle chopsticks very well. 12. I don't drive a car too fast. mÓ

PA .

All right, I'll

Miscellaneous

13. Would you like to stand or sit down? I don't like standing. 14. Miss Jang is so fiery that no one likes to converse with her. 15. This boy is exceptionally stupid: he is so stupid that nobody likes to teach him. 16. Which window do you want me to close: the large one or the small one? 17. Your father is waiting for you in the other room. 13. Where would you like to sit? Thank you, I'll just stand here. 19. Who is going to tell us that story: you or your friend? 20. Please wait for me here. If I don't return in ten minutes you needn't wait any longer.

Lesson

15

COMPOUND

VERBS

VOCABULARY kèting fanting

shüfáng chüfáng wòfang

PW PW PW PW PW

a.

DRILL

hèn butswò,

dau

bugóu dà,

-li chyu,

ménkóur

Ching dzai Düngsyi süngdau

-li déng wo. -li chyu.

fànjwo(r)

fanjwo bugòu da,

jyajyu hèn dwo,

jyajyu

syin jyajyu

heibán

Zu

syè heibán,

Ta jyade jyajyu hén hau, shüjwo, fanjwo, yidz, shémmade, dou shr gang maide. Héibanshangde dz, shr shéi syéde? Chwáng, syáujwodz, yidz, shémmade, dou bàndau

wòfáng chyule. lóuti

dyànti

zu

tài gãu, dzwò dyanti shèngchyu

-shang,

shang

Dyànti hwàile, dzóu lóuti ba. Tsung jèige shènglai. Tsüng jilóu de syàchyu? gàu shàn shànshang shansya

shan

shàngshàn syashan dzài shanshang ne

pauje shangshan süngdau shànshang lai

pyèu

ménpyau

4

yijang pyau mai pyau pyàu tai gwéi

hwòché pyau chwan pyau féiji pyau ménpyau

Méi pyàu, yésyü bünéng jinchyu. Pyàu dzai shüjwoshang ne. Tà sünggei wo sànjang dyànyingr pyàu. , gwale yityánde féng, dà (sywé, yu) busyale, yu), (sywé, (sywè, ya) syade hèn syau

lau gwaféng syàsywé syayu

syàle yitsz

láu gwaféng,

gwole yityan yiyé de feng

Jèilyăngtyan,

lău syàyũ.

Syà dà sywé le, byé chümén ba, buhău kai che. Jintyan lyán yidyár feng dóu méiyou. Néige difang láu syasywé ma? 113

;

Lesson

114

15. Compound Verbs

Shãnshangde fẽng tài dà le. Syasywéde shrhou, nar dou shr báide. You gwaféng, you syàyü, là jen buháu dzóu.

yàu mái yige hüngde.

yésyü

dàgài

-

tà kwài bàn jinlai le. kwài syàyü le.

MA

lái, késhr yé kénéng bülái. EES sünggei ta neige lyüde, késhr hai Wo büyiding ne! AV

a.

bugan shwò,

gan chyu bugan?

. Bügán gàusung ta. Bugandang! (You flatter me!) -lai -chyu

jinchu shangsya10.

ban sung dai -dzai -dau -géi bàndau bàngei süngdau

sünggei dàidau dàigei

BF BF BF BF BF BF

FV FV FV BF BF BF FV FV FV FV FV FV

a. jinchyu kankan . jinlai chüchyu shanglai syachyu páulái páuchyü

“come in and out’ ‘go up and down’ *run back and forth'

. Mén tài syáu, jwodz bünéng bàn jinlai. . dzwódzai yidzshang, dzóudau sywésyàu, syégei shéi? syédzai heibánshang, tingdau nár? shwogei ta ting, jüdzai chénglitou, nyàndau jér, dzwògei ta kan,

banjinlai, banjya,

`

stngshangchyu, sòngchuchyu,

bangwolai,

. bàndau jér, süngdau chüfáng (düngsyi), süngdau ménkóur (kéren)

daihweilai, dàisyachyu, dàichuchyu,

sünggei ta, dàidau chénglitou chyu,

. Yidz, ching ni bàngei wo.:

Tã bujùdzai nèr le, dzwótyan bãnjyãle. Chwang bandau wòfangli chyu. Shu, ni yàu wo sünggei ta, déi süngdau shémma difang chyu? Süng ta shàng chwán. Byé sünggei wo néige, wd busyihwàn lyüde. Háidz, byé dàidau jyéshang chyu! WŠ wàngle dài chyán le. Ni tsáng Táiwàn láide shrhou, néng dàigei wo yidyár chayé ma? EL:

chwáng tángsya tángje tángdzai

4442

. Tà Ni Tà Tà

dzóujedzóuje, jyou tángsya le. lèile, tangsya syòusyi yihwér ba! dzai chwángshang tángje (ne). tángdzai chwángshang.

Pattern Drill

Chwáng tài dzãngle, shöushrshöushr ba! 12.

13.

jinchéng chümén shàngsywé shàngbàn syàsyang

VO VO VO VO VO

süngsyin shangché shànglóu syàkè shàngshãn shangkè

VO VO VO VO VO VO

XS

le

S

(Ta jinchéng le.) (Wò chamén chyule.) (Ni shangban lai dzwd sh? ma?)

chyu le lai VO

(épi

. Háidz chümén chyu wár chyule. TS

S V(le)

le

(Chén Ss. shangché le.)

NU-MO

(Wd shangle santyan kè.)

- Ta shangléu kan shi chyule. Syaké de shrhou, ching déng wo ythwar. Kwai syaké le. Kwai kaiché

le, kwài

shàngchẽ ba.

Wò gèéi ta sòngle yitsè syin. Syàsywé le, byé shàngshàn le. 14.

dwóma,

« (you) dwóma SV? dwóma SV a?

dwó(ma)

Tà (yóu) dwóma gàu? Tà dwóma gàu a!

. Jintyan tà dwo háukàn

a!

Jèige wènti dw6ma nan a! Tà dwóma yóuchyán a! Nide wófáng yóu dwóma dà? 15.

dzài shwo

dzai wo kan

EX EX

. Dzài wð kàn, mingtyan büsyàyü le. Jintyan women bichyt, mingtyan dzài shwo ba! Wò méichyan, dzai shwò yé méi gangfu, swòyi büchümén.

PATTERN Verbs

of Movement

Compounded

DRILL

with -lai (to here) and -chyu (to there)

Positive

Negative

shang sya

shang sya

jin

cha

“a

bò-

méi-

jin

| cha

hwéi ban

hwéi ban -lai

d

S

time

Ta libaiyi Ni néityan Sya Ss. ywanyi Shémma shfhou ni tsái

V_perchyu

bùhwéilai. méishangchyu? đzðulai

ma?

bànjinlai ne?

-chyu

ER

15.

Lesson

116 -lai V -eh

time

(shr)

S.

2;

Ta bushr Libaiyi Ni shr néityan Sya Ss. bushr Ni shr shémma shfhou

3:

O

Compound

Verbs

de

hwéilai de. shangchyu de? dzóulai de ma? bànjinlai de? -lai V -chyu

S

le

Düngsyi, tà dou banlaile. Shü, wó füchin dou dàichyule. Chishwéi, püdzlide rén yljing süngjinlaile.

4.

-lai -chyu

S

V

Wé

shangchyu

purpose

Ta syalai Maòchin jinlai Tàmen chüchyu B.

Compounds

lai chyu

kan shut

chyu.

kai mén jáu düngsyi war

lai. lai. chyule.

Ending in V-lai and V-chyu

OTS

EV

directional V

bān pau dzóu kai süng dài Néige gàu shàn, tàmen

-shang-syajn -chu-hwei-

-lai -chyu

-lai -chyu

shr páushàngchyu de ma?

Fanjworshang de wan bushr ta daihweilai de ba! Shujwor, ching ni banjinlai. Che, (ta) yijing kaihweichyule. C.

Compounds

1. Verbs

Ending in -dzai,

-dau,

-gei

of Position Ending in -dzai

a.

jer ner nar

jandzai

dzwòdzai

chwanghu chyantou mén hòutou jyautang litou lóushang kèting litou léuti shang

Ching nin kwai yidyăr jàndzai mềnhòutou. Jyàu ta byé jandzai jwodz chydntou. Dzwétyan, wd kanjyan ni de shfhou, ni jandzai nér dzwd shémma ne?

Pattern

Drill

117

b.

nar?

shémma difang? chénglitou

judzai

jyali wàigwó,

Fàgwó,

Táibéi

Dzwótyan, ni méihwéilai, jüdzai nár 1e? Tà jyéjye syàndzài bájüdzai Nyduywé chénglitou le. Ta yijing dzai wo jya jüle sange ywè le, wò ching ta banchuchyu, dzai judzai wo jer le. Ce

jrshang shüshang (shü litou) syinshang (syin litou) jer (nér, jéige difang)

syé syédzai hwadzai

ménshang chwanghushang heibánshang

Hwar,

ni hwadzai

nar le?

Néijyan shr, ni syédzai syin litou le ba!

Ching ni syédzai jér, késhr byé hwàdzai jèr. Tà syédzai shüshangde büshr Jinggwo dz, shr Hangwo dz. Néige géer, wO syésyalaile,

wd méisyédzai heibánshang,

ménshang le. 2. Verbs

Fi

of Movement

Ending in -dau (to a place)

bandau

PW

n.

chyu

syãngsya

= DOR

lai (chyu)

lóushang chyu néige püdzde chyántou chyu nár chyu (1e)?

Láu Chén bàndau nár chyule? Mingnyan, wòmen bandau Yinggwo chyu. Shũjwö bãndau lóusyà chyule ma? Jèi yïdz bãndau năr chyu döu busying. b.

kaidau dzóudau lai páudau ) PW | chyu ` sùngdau dàidau

Dzwótyan wð kãichẽ, kãidau chếnglĩtou chyule. Háidz yòu páudau chüfángli chyu dzwó shémma chyule? Byé pau, nï háishr mànmãrde dzðudau jèr lai bai Wð gẽn ta măide shũjwö, tã wàngle süngdau wó jyà láile. Néibén shü, wó yésyü méidàidau sywésyàu chyu.

syédzai

byé

Lesson

118 (8

15.

Compound Verbs

nyàndau

See

T6

jyaudau kandau Shi, nyàndau

nar le?

Syansheng héi méijyaudau nèr ne. Kan dyanyingr, kandau yiban le. Néige geer, sywédau dijijyü le? 3. =gei

O,

S

stnggei syégei shwögei,

Ind. O

dàigei

nyàngei

Néijàng hwàr, ni dzémma büsünggei ta le? Jeifengsyin, shr wó nyüpéngyou syégei wo de. Jéijyt hwa, ni shr shwogei shéi ting de? Shü wó müchin ching péngyou dàigei wó le, késhr Néi ké shü, ni hái méinyàngei wó ting ne.

QUESTIONS

1.

Jàng

2. Swan

AND

! chyán, méidàilai.

ANSWERS

Tà shr bushr jintyan hwéilaide? Tà shr dzwò fẽijẽ chũchyude ma? Tàde syingli shr tsting jér bànshanglai de ma? Ta syandzai syachyule, yihwér jyou shanglai ma?

Jin

Ta shanglaile ma? : Tã hái shànglai bushànglai?

Wang:

Tà shr jintyan hwéilaide.

Búshr, fẽijipyầu tài gwèi, tà dzwó hwóche chüchyude. Dwéile, shr tsüng jéige mén bànjinlaide. Dagai yihwér jyou shanglai ba!

Ta shanglaile, kèshr yòu syachyule. Tà büdzài shànglaile, tà hwéijyachyule.

Ni yé hwéichyu ma?

Hai buhwéichyu ne!

j

Wð yäu

syasyang chyu kankan chyu.

Syàsywéle, ni hái chüchyu ma?

Syàsywéle, ché burüngyi kãichuchyu, wŠ jyou büchüchyule.

3.) Shr

Lau Syd, nin ldile, wéishếmma hái búshànglai

Syu

Wò bunéng jinlai, mén gwanje ne!

ne ?

Ching déng yihwér, wd jyou páusyalai géi nin kai mén.

Dàngran kéyi, yàu bàndau nár chyu ne?

[og èijãng shũjwö, nin néng gẽn wo yikwàr bànshang lóu chyu ma? Syău Jang shwò, bandau tade shüfángli.

Written

Translation

119

Jéi shr ni màigei ta de ma?

4.

Jàu

: Ni dzwé6tyan méihwéilai,

Búshr, tsúngchyán tà sünggei wò le, syàndzài tà yàu yüng, swéyi wo yóu sünghweilai le. Chyan:

Wo jüdzai Nyóuywe le, wó sünggei Lau Wang jijang pyau, jyou jùdzai tã nèr le. Dzwotyan wánshang yòu gwafeng yóu syàyü, wó bügán

judzai nar le? Wèishémma

ni buhwéilai ne?

kaiche.

Lau Wángde fángdz dà buda?

Fángdz büsyáu, kétíng, fànting wófáng shüfáng, chüfáng dou hén dà. Shàn bugàu, wó chángcháng dàije háidz páudau shànsyà

Tingshwo fángdz dzài shaànshang

dzóushànglai,

dzóusyàchyu pà hén léi ba? 5

Inn

S

Tà sünggei ni de shü, ni

chyu.

LI

Méikàn dwöshau. kanle yiban.

kàndau nár le? Ni syihwan dzwòdzai yidzshang kan shi, syihwan tángdzai chwangshang kan shu? Néibén shi hén yóuyisz ma? Shwogei wo tingting, sying busying?

6.

Hwang:

Nin jyàudau dijikè le?

Wò dzwèi syihwan tángdzai chwangshang kan shu.

Tángje kànshü, dzwéi shüfu. Yésyü kéyi, nin déngje ba!

Kwan

:

Tàmen hái méinyàndau jéibénshü ne ba? Ni shangkède shrhou shr jàndzai héibán chyántou, shr dzwódzai nér? Ni syédzai jrshangde shr

Jyaudau dishrwikè le. Hai méi ne, tamen hái méisywédau diérbén ne.

Yóude shfhou wó jandzai nér, yöude shfhou dzwòje. Nà shr Jünggwo dz.

néigwo dz?

WRITTEN

Dàgài jyòu

TRANSLATION

When did he return.home? I want to go in and take a look. Let's go out and have something to eat. I asked him to come, but he wouldn't. Did he take all of the paintings back with him? I've already written him several letters. You may move this bed into your bedroom. om oobärz D 2 o Please write it down on this sheet of paper. Do you want to sit behind him or in front of him? Where are you staying tonight? city. He has already moved away; he moved outside the hats. their get to rooms their to All of the students have run plane. the of front the in We are all sitting GN LP to Qo cd C

120 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

Lesson

15.

Compound

Verbs

Please move this desk to the study and move out the tables that are now there. Ask him to come into this room and sit a while. Hasn't your older brother returned from England yet? Why don't you sell it to that old friend of yours? We plan to drive this new car back to New York. As soon as I entered the door, I saw the picture he painted. You can take this book over to the window to read. The lamp over here isn't very bright.

Lessons

REVIEW

11-15

UNIT

REVIEW Translate

18. 19. 20. Dil 23. 23. 24. 25. 26. 2 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.

41. 42. 43.

1

the Following into Chinese:

tomorrow morning yesterday evening tonight yesterday's breakfast other courses Lesson 11 other people didn't come will go soon eat again just a minute ago shall leave tomorrow has arrived

LEka äh ba bah n

C

44. 45. 46. 47. 43. 49. - 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 59. 56. Sĩ. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69.

haven't returned (here) did not hear it often practice return home just heard will depart right away like to spend money each person

every year last year this year next year the first day

the first time tomorrow night yesterday afternoon the big door five windows this road and that road two parlors and one kitchen eating in the dining room a small study do not go this month didn't go last week day before yesterday study in daytime will buy day after tomorrow will go after a little while buy a clock spend four hours

70.

Il (ER (3; 74. 75. 76. alee 78. 197 80. 81.

82. 121

It is five o'clock. tell everyone of you buy two lamps like this color Maybe he dares not go. Probably they don't deliver. The wind is blowing violently. What time is it now? He is recovered. sick person Chinese movies and movie theatre I'll put it in order myself. He has no occupation. sit for a little while Please come again! I have a happy family. tell me a joke like to read novels unusually laughable

Of course, he speaks clearly. Come

up, please!

Tell him to come in. Come down from the mountain. He lives here,

eats

there.

Move that table over here. present you with some American candy did not bring along the books with me what do you expect? There is no hope at all. Is that important or unimportant? not go to church till he has come Don’t get angry at me! go to class with me formerly lived in Japan, afterwards moved to France His wife is extremely fierce. I'll go immediately. He is angry as soon as he sees me. Two years ago, he liked to spend money. After supper maybe he will come.

Review

83. 84. 85. 86. ON 88. 89. 90. 91.

92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100.

It is now only four o'clock. both suitable and beautiful did not drink tea in the past

in the midst of eating not early, not late That light is still brighter. introduce in the future It is ten minutes to five. I want to go upstairs and have a

It is a quarter past ten. I am not acquainted with Mr. Chang. I think he can’t wait (right) now. Stand there, don’t run! smile while crying Don’t laugh at him. That student is quite different. Go to class quickly. lie down slowly

rest.

REVIEW Translate

i;

2

into Chinese:

Lesson 13 13 lessons I don't like this lesson.

He returned quickly. Hurry up and return home. I'll go to school right away. Having finished breakfast, I then went to school.

Yesterday afternoon he came again. I'll come again tomorrow morning. My father was here just a minute He has just arrived. Where have you been?

ago.

He has already left there (or that place). He walked to that place (or there). He has no money.

He did not hear. His brother

has

returned

there.

My brother has returned here.

I did not go to visit him. I did not see him. 10.

Did you listen to it? Did you hear it?

ds

Each person has his own book. Everyone has a book.

12.

How long are you going to live here? Three hours is a long period of time.

13.

What day of the month is it today? What day of the week is it today? How many days have you been there?

Unit C

Review

2

14.

I did go there the day before yesterday. I went there three days ago. Write me before you come.

15.

He will enter the city the day after tomorrow. He left that city three days later. After you arrive home, please write to me.

t6:

This boy is very bright. That light is unusually bright.

d

It is six o'clock. It will take six hours.

18.

What time was it when you arrived home? How many times did you go to that restaurant?

1:9.

I did not go to class yesterday. What course does Mr. Wang teach?

The first three days of this month I didn't come. The first day of this month I was not at home. I have nothing to do.

I have no work to do at present. 22.

I want to rest for a little while. I'll have a rest after a little while.

23.

That book is sold for only fifty cents. He'll give only two books.

- 24. 25.

I don't know

that man.

I don't know

that matter.

What are you thinking about?

Do you think this color is suitable? 26. . It is impossible for him to do that. Maybe he cannot come. 27.

He will tell you a joke. Don't laugh at that person who doesn't speak Chinese well. Don't laugh while other people are crying.

28.

His home There

29.

is an especially happy one.

are two Americans

in his home.

I want to open that door.

That door is open. 30. 31.

Stand up! Don’t sit there. I don’t like to stand while eating.

He drives very slowly. slow!

Drive

325 You can do it in any way. You should do it this way.

Review

124 33.

I have to study. I must not study.

34.

When is the car I bought being sent over here? When are you going to send that letter?

39.

I'll go there driving my car. I went there by car.

36.

Hurry and stand up! He stood up very fast.

3i;

He is both rich and happy. Both of them are my students.

38.

He came here to see me a few days ago. How many days ago did he come here to see you?

39.

I want to teach you this lesson this morning. My wife didn't cook breakfast this morning.

40.

He has been living here for five years. He lived here for five years.

REVIEW Make

Sentences

Using the Following Words:

ganggang hai méiV

14. 15. UGS 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.

syiwang shr... de diyitsz lyòutsè VA YOU! co rn AED t D yichyán . . . , hóulái