Sources in Patterns of World History: Volume 2: Since 1400 0199846189, 9780199846184

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Sources in Patterns of World History Volume 2: Since 1400

Edited by Carey Roberts

Sources in Patterns of World History Volume 2: Since 1400

Edited by Carey Roberts H. Micheal Tarver Arkansas Tech University

New York Oxford OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

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The editors acknowledge the work of several individuals in making this sourcebook possible, especially Carolyn Neel, Carlos Marquez, John Derek Rowley, Antonio Contreras, Lyndsey Mosquito, Natasha Scruggs, John Cotton, Kyla Mclsaac, and Rod Williamson. ISBN 978-0-19-984618-4 Printing number: 987654321

Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper

Table of Contents Primary Sources: How to Read Them and Why They are Important in World History

i

15.

The Rise of Empires in the Americas, 600-1550

6

15.1

The Founding of Tenochtitl^n

5

15.2

Human Sacrifice by the Aztecs

8

15.3

Machu Picchu

g

15.4

The Inca Census

16.

The Ottoman-Habsburg Struggle and European Overseas Expansion, 1450-1600

12

16.1

The Tribute of Children

12

16.2

A European Ambassador Reports on the Ottomans

14

16.3

An Ottoman Travel Journal

I5

16.4

The Touma/of Christopher Columbus

18

17.

Renaissance, Reformation, and the New Science in Europe, 1450-1700

17.1

Marsilio Ficino, “Letter to Paul of Middelburg”

20

21

17.2

Laura Cereta to Cardinal Ascanio Maria Sforza

21

17.3

John Calvin, Prayer from Commentary on Hosea

22

17.4

Galileo Galilei, Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems

24

17.5

Antony van Leeuwenhoek’s “Animalcules"

25

17.6

Galileo’s Views of the Moon

26

17.7

Peter the Great, “Correspondence with Alexis, 1715

27

18.

New Patterns in New Worlds: Colonialism and Indigenous Responses in the Americas, 1500-1800

18.1

Aztecs Recount the Beginning of the War with the Conquistadors

30

18.2

Letter from Hernando de Soto

31

18.3

Coronado’s Report to Viceroy Mendoza

33

18.4

Increase Mather on King Philip’s Death

35

18.5

Reasons for Colonizing North America

36

30

iv

Table of Contents

19.

African Kingdoms, the Atlantic Slave Trade, and the Origins of Black America, 1450-1800

19.1

Leo Africanus on Timbuktu

19.2

“Krotoa” from the

19.3

The Arab Slave Trade

41

19.4

An Account of the Atlantic Slave Trade

42

19.5

Phillis Wheatly, "To the Right Honourable William, Earl of Dartmouth..."

43

19.6

Slave Market, Pernambuco, Brazil, 1824

44

20.

The Mughal Empire: Muslim Rulers and Hindu Subjects, 1400-1750 45

20.1

Ihe Ain-i-Akbari

46

20.2

The Journey to the Court of Akbar

47

20.3

Jahangir Debates with the Hindus

48

20.4

Summary of the Reasons Which Led Akbar to Renounce Islam

49

20.5

Akbar on Proper Behavior

50

20.6

The Habits and Manners of Aurangzeb

51

21.

Regulating the “Inner” and the “Outer” Domains of China and Japan, 1500-1800

53

21.1

Buddhist World Map, 1710

53

21.2

The Seclusion of Japan

55

21.3

The Philosophy of Wang Yang-Ming

56

21.4

Qianlong, Letter to George III

57

22.

Nation-States and Patterns of Culture in Europe and North America, 1750-1871

6i

22.1

Jean Jacques Rousseau, The Soc/a/Confracf

61

22.2

Olympe de Gouges,

22.3

Charles Maurice Talleyrand to Louis XVIII

68

22.4

Abraham Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address

70

22.5

Proclamation of the German Empire

72

22.6

Victor Emmanuel and the Catholic Church

73

23.

Industrialization and its Discontents, 1750-1914

75

23.1

Adam Smith, Wea/fh of/Vaf/ons

23.2

John Stuart Mill,

23.3

Frederich Engels,

23.4

Charles Dickens,

Journal of Jan van Riebeeck

Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen

On Liberty Condition of the Working Class in England David Copperfield

38

38 40

63

75 75 76 77

Table of Contents

V

23.5

Parliamentary Report on English Female Miners, 1842

78

23.7

Advertisment for a Vitascope, 1896

80

23.6

Friedrich Nietzsche, from

Beyond Good and Evil

83

24.

The Challenge of Modernity: East Asia, 1750-1910

85

24.1

The Nanjing Treaty

85

24.2

A Chinese Traveler on the Marvels of Western Technology

87

24.3

Jesuits in China

87

24.4

The “Opening” of Japan

88

24.5

The King of Siam to President Buchanan

90

25.

The Challenge of Modernity: The Ottoman and Russian Empires, 1683-1908

25.1

Peter the Great’s Decree on Western Dress

93

25.2

Petyr Chaadaev, “Philosophical Letters”

94

25.3

A British Diplomat Comments on the Ottoman Army

95

25.4

The Gulhane Decree

95

25.5

“Mr. Sansonov”

96

25.6

The Iranian and Turkish Constitutional Revolutions of 1906 and 1908

97

26.

The New Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century

26.1

Dadabhai Naoroji on the Benefits Detriments of British Rule in India

100

26.2

The Diamond Fields of South Africa, 1872

102

26.3

Rudyard Kipling, “The White Man’s Burden”

103

26.4

Edward 0. Morel, The Black Man's Burden

104

26.5

Raden Ayu Kartini,

26.6

Teapickers, northern India

110

27.

Creoles and Caudillos: Latin America in the Nineteenth Century

in

27.1

Alexander Von Humboldt on New Spain

112

27.2

Simbn de Bolivar, His Message to the Congress of Angostura

113

27.3

Pope Leo XIII,

In Plurimis

114

27.4

Jose Marti, “Our America"

115

27.5

United States Recognition of Cuban Independence

118

28.

World War and Competing Visions of Modernity to 1945

28.1

Theodore Roosevelt, “War for Righteousness”

119

28.2

Joseph Stalin on Liquidating the Kulaks

121

Letters of a Javanese Princess

92

lOO

107

119

vi

Table of Contents

28.3

Critics of Industrialization: The Southern Agrarians

122

28.4

Mohandas Gandhi and the Quit India Movement

124

28.5

Mussolini Repudiates on Political Liberalism, 1923

125

28.6

Adolf Hitler, German Economic Goals and the Jewish Question

126

28.7

Korean “Comfort Girls"

127

29.

Reconstruction, the Cold War, and Decolonization, 1945-1962

29.1

The Marshall Plan

131

29.2

Dwight D. Eisenhower on the Suez Crisis

133

29.3

Cuban Missile Crisis

134

29.4

Jawaharlal Nehru, "Why India is Non-Aligned"

137

29.5

Juan Perdn, excerpt from The l7o/ce of Peron

139

29.6

Jomo Kenyatta, from

29.7

Babies Being Weighed, North Korea, 1955

30.

The End of the Cold War, Western Social Transformation, and the Developing World, 1963-1991

30.1

The US Civil Rights Act of 1964

145

30.2

National Organization for Women, Sfafemenf of Purpose

146

30.3

The Yom Kippur/Ramadan War

149

30.4

Postcolonialism in Africa

150

30.5

Mikhail Gorbachev on the Arms Race Between the USSR and the US

151

30.6

The Tiananmen Square Massacre, 1989: a Poet Remembers

153

31.

A Fragile Democratic-Capitalist World Order, 1991-Present

31.1

Tim Berners Lee, “Enquire Within Upon Everything”

158

31.2

“Death by Government”

159

31.3

Rachel Carson, from S/teofSpr/Pg

161

31.4

The Sovereign Debt Crisis

161

31.5

James Tooley, from

Facing ML Kenya: The Tribal Life of the Gikuyu

The Beautiful Tree

130

141 144

145

157

163

Sources in Patterns of World History

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