SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS MODELING: Theoretical and Practical Issues Book 9781773615820, 9781773613802

Citation preview

SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS MODELING: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ISSUES

SOFTWARE AND SYSTEMS MODELING: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ISSUES

Gerard Prudhomme

ARCLER

P

r

e

s

s

www.arclerpress.com

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues Gerard Prudhomme

Arcler Press 2010 Winston Park Drive, 2nd Floor Oakville, ON L6H 5R7 Canada www.arclerpress.com Tel: 001-289-291-7705         001-905-616-2116 Fax: 001-289-291-7601 Email: [email protected] e-book Edition 2019 ISBN: 978-1-77361-582-0 (e-book) This book contains information obtained from highly regarded resources. Reprinted material sources are indicated and copyright remains with the original owners. Copyright for images and other graphics remains with the original owners as indicated. A Wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data. Authors or Editors or Publishers are not responsible for the accuracy of the information in the published chapters or consequences of their use. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or grievance to the persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or thoughts in the book. The authors or editors and the publisher have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission has not been obtained. If any copyright holder has not been acknowledged, please write to us so we may rectify.

Notice: Registered trademark of products or corporate names are used only for explanation and identification without intent of infringement. © 2019 Arcler Press ISBN: 978-1-77361-380-2 (Hardcover) Arcler Press publishes wide variety of books and eBooks. For more information about Arcler Press and its products, visit our website at www.arclerpress.com

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Gerard I. Prudhomme has a graduate degree (M.S.) for Computer Science from University College London (UCL). He has also worked as a software programmer and tech writer for different Fortune 500 companies, and studied at UCL, Harvard, and Oxford.

TABLE OF CONTENTS



List of Figures.................................................................................................xi

Preface..................................................................................................... ....xix Chapter 1

Facilitating Access to the Multi-Mode Information of a User..................... 1

Chapter 2

Weighted Semantic Networks.................................................................. 11 2.1. The Degree Of Involvement of the Different Phases........................... 12

Chapter 3

Development of a Prototype.................................................................... 17

Chapter 4

A Generic Personalization Tool Based on a Multi-Agent Architecture............................................................................................. 21

Chapter 5

Comparative Study of Methods of Designing Computerized Information Systems................................................................................. 27 5.1. Use Case Driven Object Modeling With UML................................... 28

Chapter 6

Scientific Computation............................................................................. 31 6.1. Sample Data For a Search Query....................................................... 40

Chapter 7

Architectures and Methods for Development.......................................... 51 7.1. Adaptive Systems and User Modeling on The Web............................. 57 7.2. Data Modeling................................................................................... 58

Chapter 8

Exploring the Web with Agents................................................................ 61

Chapter 9

An Intelligent Graphical User Interface................................................... 65

Chapter 10 Computer Design..................................................................................... 73 Chapter 11 Methodology Phases Involved Analysis Specification............................... 79 Chapter 12 Agent Research and Development........................................................... 85

Chapter 13 Unified Process Degree of Involvement................................................... 89 Chapter 14 Structured Programming.......................................................................... 95 Chapter 15 Database Object Component................................................................. 105 Chapter 16 Asynchronous Processing....................................................................... 109 Chapter 17 UML Formalism...................................................................................... 119 Chapter 18 Extending UML....................................................................................... 125 18.1. Processing Client-Server Representations....................................... 129 Chapter 19 Incremental Development...................................................................... 137 Chapter 20 User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction........................................ 143 Chapter 21 Architectures and Methods for Customized is Development................. 149 21.1. References For Development Methodology ................................... 154 Chapter 22 Intelligent Agents................................................................................... 161 22.1. Agent Theories............................................................................... 163 Chapter 23 Architectures and Languages.................................................................. 165 Chapter 24 Multi-Factor Concepts............................................................................ 177 Chapter 25 Guiding Constraint Relaxations.............................................................. 181 Chapter 26 Distributed Constraint Satisfaction........................................................ 185 26.1 Prototypes of User Model-Based Intelligent Agents ........................ 186 Chapter 27 Document Filtering and Navigation....................................................... 195 Chapter 28 Agent Communication Languages.......................................................... 197 Chapter 29 A New Graph-Theoretic Approach............................................................................................... 199 Chapter 30 User Modeling and Personalization of Human-Computer Interaction... 201 Chapter 31 Modeling Rational Agents...................................................................... 205

viii

Chapter 32 Agent Analysis........................................................................................ 207 Chapter 33 Agent Behavior Design........................................................................... 209 Chapter 34 Agent Behavior Implementation............................................................. 211 Chapter 35 Service Analysis...................................................................................... 213 Chapter 36 Functional Requirements Capture.......................................................... 215 Chapter 37 Service Specifications............................................................................. 217 Chapter 38 Advanced Environments......................................................................... 219 Chapter 39 Evaluation of the Human-Computer Interaction.................................... 221 Chapter 40 Commercial Customization Systems...................................................... 223 Chapter 41 Proceedings on Artificial Intelligence..................................................... 225 Chapter 42 People and Computers........................................................................... 227 Chapter 43 UML-Based Web Engineering Approaches............................................. 229 Bibliography........................................................................................... 241 INDEX.................................................................................................... 243

ix

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 6.1. Restaurant-UML Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BYSA 3.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: 69.195.36.86. Figure 6.2. UML state diagram Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en. Author: LeonardoG. Figure 6.3. UML Hierarchy diagram Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: David Keller. Figure 6.4. ArgoUML Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Inga. Figure 6.5. Observer-pattern-uml Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Alexvaughan. Figure 6.6. UML Diagram Deployment Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Jdh2000. Figure 6.7. State Design Pattern UML Class Diagram Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ deed.en Author: Ertwroc. Figure 6.8. Oop-uml-class-example Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Helix84. Figure 6.9. Singleton Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Fuebar. Figure 6.10. UML Communication diagram Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ deed.en Authors: Oemmler. xi

Figure 10.1. ArgoUML Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en. Author: Crochet.david.bot. Figure 10.2. ArgoUML Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en. Author: Crochet.david.bot. Figure 10.3. ArgoUML Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en. Author: Crochet.david.bot. Figure 10.4. Europe web browser usage (Source Stat Counter) Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.enm Author: Crochet.david.bot. Figure 10.5. Usage share of web browsers (Source Net Applications) Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en. Author: Perseo~commonswiki. Figure 10.6. ArgoUML Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en. Author: Crochet.david.bot. Figure 10.7. Singleton class Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: TheMandarin. Figure 10.8. State Design Pattern UML Class Diagram Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: JoaoTrindade at English Wikipedia. Figure 10.9. Builder class Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: TheMandarin. Figure 10.10. UML Shema of an ODL database Creative Commons AttributionShare Alike 3.0 Unported. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ deed.en Author: Kevin Prud’homme. Figure 10.11. Prototype Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported m https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Nvineeth. Figure 14.1. UML2 Decorator Pattern Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.enm. Author: Nheirbaut at English Wikipedia. Figure 14.2. UML classes Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 xii

International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en. Author: SAGI.SUL. Figure 14.3. FactoryMethod Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Liftarn. Figure 14.4. UML History Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Dr. Michael Zapf. Figure 14.5. UML diagram Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Xrahv00. Figure 14.6. UML packages Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: ГлебГН23 . Figure 14.7. UML State diagram Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en. Author: Fred the Oyster. Figure 14.8. Uml Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Reinaldo A. Barrêto Jr. Figure 14.9. UML Object version 3 of the GNU General Public License https:// www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl-3.0.html Author: David Keller. Figure 14.10. Uml main Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Khandarenb.it. Figure 14.11. UML Package version 3 of the GNU General Public License https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl-3.0.html Author: David Keller. Figure 16.1. Uml-UseCase Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Stkl. Figure 16.2. UML Diagrams Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Kishore Kumar 62. Figure 16.3. Profile (UML2) Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Gubaer. Figure 16.4. Interpreter UML class diagram Creative Commons AttributionShare Alike 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ xiii

deed.en. Author: Sae1962. Figure 16.5. Observer Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: BenTels from nl. Figure 16.6. Updated UML Diagram Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: LindaVermeulen123. Figure 16.7. UML DP Singleton Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en. Author: David, L. Figure 16.8. UML Diagram for an Online Restaurant Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: LindaVermeulen123. Figure 16.9. Restaurant-UML-UC Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Authors: Jvlivs. Figure 16.10. Blast UML Diagram Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Authors: Lasse Kaa. Figure 16.11. UML DP Prototype Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en. Author: David, L. Figure 16.12. UML delivery system Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en. Author: LynxFeni. Figure 18.1. UML classes Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en. Author: David, L. Figure 18.2. UML Interaction overview diagram Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-sa/4.0/deed.en. Author: Stkl. Figure 18.3. Inheritance UML Diagram Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en. Author: Donald Bell. Figure 18.4. free/open-source Blender Game Engine Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-sa/4.0/deed.en Author: Maks9889. xiv

Figure 18.5. UML state machine Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en. Author: Mirosamek. Figure 18.6. Audacity Screenshot Linux Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Robin Diwo. Figure 21.1. pattern UML Diagram Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed. en. Author: Tihomiravk. Figure 21.2. Data model in UML version 3 of the GNU General Public License https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl-3.0.html. Author: AutumnSnow. Figure 21.3. UML delivery system Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en. Author: LynxFeni. Figure 21.4. UML for the Specification design pattern Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: IToshkov. Figure 21.5. UXF sequence diagram Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Jcbeeck at English Wikipedia. Figure 23.1. UML Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Gerardas Viršuta. Figure 23.2. UML to SRP Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en. Author: Et.coder. Figure 23.3. Specification UML v2 Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Shmuel Csaba Otto Traian. Figure 23.4. Sequence diagram Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Gubaer at the German language Wikipedia. Figure 23.5. UML Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en. Author: Gerardas Viršuta. Figure 23.6. UML Use Case diagram Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en xv

Author: Poor Yorick. Figure 23.7. Visitor UML class diagram Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Giacomo Ritucci. Figure 23.8. Associated Observation Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Mc peterchen. Figure 23.9. Figure Editor Example in UML Creative Commons AttributionShare Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed. en Author: Cotttho. Figure 23.10. Singleton pattern UML Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed. en. Author: Hpesoj00. Figure 23.11. UML diagram of composition. Creative Commons AttributionShare Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed. en Author: Sae1962. Figure 23.12. UML Use Case diagram Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en Author: Slashme. Figure 23.13. AFTv5 High-Level Flow (UML Sequence) Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/bysa/3.0/deed.en Author: Yoni OmniTI. Figure 23.14. UML role example Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Esap at en.wikipedia. Figure 26.1. Chain of responsibility UML diagram Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Olimpiu.pop. Figure 26.2. UML scheme of Multiton design pattern Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-sa/4.0/deed.en. Author: Arman musikyan. Figure 26.3. Flexible Tagged Format UML Diagram Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Folterj. Figure 26.4. Observer UML Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en. Author: Maks9889. xvi

Figure 26.5. UML diagram of composition over inheritance Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/bysa/3.0/deed.en Author: Sae1962. Figure 26.6. UML Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en Author: Jorm (WMF). Figure 26.7. Example of Psd2template php code.Creative Commons AttributionShare Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed. en Author: Jason S. McDonald. Figure 26.8. UML Sequence diagram Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Moribunt. Figure 26.9. UML GodObject Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en Author: Et.coder. Figure 26.10. Bridge software design pattern UML diagram. Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/bysa/3.0/deed.en Author: Radowod. Figure 26.11. Spark wordcount uml Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en Author: Marcellombersani. Figure 26.12. Compiler Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Giacomo Ritucci. Figure 26.13. UML class diagram describing the Prototype design pattern Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Giacomo Ritucci Figure 26.14. UML class Diagram version 3 of the GNU General Public License Author: Donald Bell. Figure 30.1. Nonce UML diagram Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Cameltrader. Figure 30.2. Aspect-Oriented Figure Editor in UML Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Cotttho.

xvii

PREFACE

The rubric “Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues” covers a number of different ideas: ranging from artificial awareness and adaptive systems to the management of profile data with a database containing user profiles. Systems modeling may also include information such as language, location of the user, preferences in terms of content, etc., that will be deduced from the parameters chosen by the user and will not be included in any questionnaires. An agent can also have multiple behaviors to respond to the roles defined in the agent model analysis step. This book is intended for engineering school students, Information Systems students, and IT professionals working in the field of decision-making. On the other hand, a database generates a strong combination complexity which can limit their use in a large-scale application. I have therefore proposed a generic customization system that can be used in conjunction with a method for the development of a custom information system. Before proceeding to the first phase of the development process, I will give an overview of the development process with the UML notation: views, phases, and diagrams. I will explain that UML notation depends on the target audience, therefore I will also specify which models work better for which audiences. Systems modeling is based on two main concepts: entities and relationship, hence its second name: entity-relationship model. Indeed, the performance of a software is essentially deterministic, that is to say depending on the way the code has been implemented. The system should also be evaluated against existing ergonomic recommendations and standards. The user expects a result, if possible the fastest, but he does not want nor should not be interested in the location of his calculation. A entity-relationship model shows us that a class design is based on the concepts of object orientation. This is not an oversight, as otherwise all individuals or objects of the same kind would have the same value for an attribute. We conduct real detective investigations to determine the meaning of an existing system field and its relationships with other fields. With risk mitigation and reverse engineering, our role often resembles that of a data archaeologist. These platforms may, for example, propose an architecture whose software

agents (external agents, user agents, update agents, etc.) access the profiles of employees through a web service. Systems modeling may also create a stochastic model with discrete events, led by events following a phase approach. For example, some systems adapt their presentations according to the user. Each active entity, therefore, has an attribute to know if it has an activity to perform. For example, we may also provide a user agent that is the communication interface between the user and the system. Each data item will, therefore, represent a homogeneous information item for each entity of the information system. For example, agent-based architectures may also be utilized for custom information system development It is generally observed that the developers think to analyze the references of a bank account with three parts: bank code, counter code, and account number. However, developers do not think to analyze to analyze the social security number. For example, we may also provide a social security number as a key for a social security number is a unique external reference. Whenever a request comes from the user agent the task execution agent creates a query agent to handle the request. In fact, besides the personalization of the information delivered, other aspects of the interaction can be the object of personalization in this context, such as the taking into account of the different modes of interaction, taking into account the different interaction platforms, and assistance to the user.

xx

CHAPTER

1

FACILITATING ACCESS TO THE MULTI-MODE INFORMATION OF A USER The objective is to facilitate access to the multi-mode information of a user. Let’s go back to our employee relationship example, here is a more complete set of different attributes: number, gender, service, first name, date of birth, salary, status, last name, and social security number. A few elements of this set might be suitable as a key to the relationship: social security number: it is supposed to be unique; employee number: generally meant to be an internal identifier of the company, and e-mail: each employee has a specific e-mail. If we use the same example, here is what we should get: Country (p_name) employee (id_a, name_a, firstname_a, date_birth_a) Key: x: relation x: primary key x #: key, In this case, the association may be a carrier of data. After a general overview of the platform used to develop component software agents, this chapter describes the general architecture and design of a customization system; the different features that enable availability and distributions are also exposed. There is also another type of key called foreign key. Various personalization systems are studied according to criteria defined with respect to an objective of taking into account various aspects of personalization, reuse of the existing, support of the distribution by the system and its availability. This tool comes in the form of an agent with the necessary functions for administering and managing agents. I will also mention probability-centered methods such as the probabilistic approach that calculates the prediction as a mathematical expectation on the user’s profile, Bayes’ “naive” classifier approach which determines the

2

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

most likely class to which the user current will belong and the decision tree approach which consists in the search for dependencies between resources. One can imagine, for example, to consider the phases of a method as so many objects that are transmitted messages. By analyzing other behaviors such as “send an email,” the task “load the user’s profile” (to retrieve the user’s email address) is also necessary. The first approach is to provide an interactive system that incorporates itself with (ad-hoc) customization. An agent-by-feature model is usually expected from the service. For example, we may also delete the “Father” leads to remove the “Son”; we are thus in the presence of cardinality 1,1 of the son towards the father. Although systems modeling are suitable for the analysis and design of database-based information systems, this method is not appropriate for the analysis and design of personalized information systems. For example, genetic algorithms would handle exploration, optimization, and automatic learning. We may also provide choice of an individual activity, according to the state and the quality of the field of vision. The decision has priority over others. In the case where the algorithm decides but no decision before him suits him, or decides to go to the state but is not near the state or decides to go to analyze but that it is not near the place of analysis, this one can possibly make a long displacement. Therefore, the design stage is a stage during which only computer specialists specialized in the different technologies used can intervene. The next step is to develop the data structure diagram and a conceptual model describing the rules and constraints to be considered. Adaptation can occur at different levels and generally only affects certain aspects of behavior. Each of these functions is the subject of more or less detailed modeling. The foreign key is an attribute of a relation that refers to the primary key of another relation, and these two keys will have to have the same type of data. However, one should not confuse an information system with a computer system. The coordinating agent, therefore, has a path of contact with an agent allowing their communication. It is much easier to understand why the non-categorization of information leads to poor performance. Some technical evaluations of the service have been carried out. For example, the presentation of the mail to be sent to the user is coded in HTML.

Facilitating Access to the Multi-Mode Information of a User

3

For example, the agent considers that the user needs some information and performs the necessary actions to obtain this information without the user intervening. The operational study will lead to: a hardware configuration sheet for the general architecture and for each site if there are several with a list of software. Today, computerized systems, such as relational database management systems (RDBMS), serve the information system. Also, modelers may also prefer that development teams define the terms before naming them. Systems modeling distinguishes application agents that are defined during an integration of systems modeling into an information system such as user profile management, information retrieval, support, and so on. This UML book is limited to the first three phases of the development process: the expression of the needs, that is to say the modeling of the already written specifications; the analysis: the architecture of the solution with a business view; and design: the solution complemented by technological considerations such as the software templates used. Each property of the entity becomes an attribute of the corresponding relationship. For example, at each clock tick, a time manager queries all the active entities and thus determines all those that have an activity to execute. The technical study is, therefore, the computerized translation of the specifications resulting from the detailed study. Illustrative examples will focus on the networks, deliberately simplified but based on real data. This chapter also presents models and methods useful for the personalization of human interaction. A number of these hypotheses will be to resume for a more realistic modeling. For example, let’s imagine that we want to list songs presentations by their authors at a given date. The pages consulted, their sequential order, their spacing in time are all analyzable information. But additionally, systems modeling uses experience to recognize typical cases, solve problems by analogy, and be vigilant at certain stages of the process that we know are delicate. For example, a search page including visualization and modification of the user profile. After the implementation of the service, tests and verification of the functionalism of the service should be carried out. For example, we may also provide system agents that are communication agent, the coordinating agent, and the administration behaviors and new internal actions can appear through a modeling of interactions between behaviors by sequence diagrams or collaboration.

4

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

Regarding the different data found on the software reliability, this research just allows us to have orders of magnitude on the subject in order to be able to inform a reliability rate for the simulations. A typology of design activities can serve as a support for the formalization: to recognize, for example, abstraction activities allowing to go from needs expressed in natural language to a schema of a conceptual nature. We may also provide, for example, a notation that has been adopted for the display of the data: “&”: there was no estimate for this event, the time provided comes from the schedule, “m”: the music has just started; “+”: the music personalization provided is estimated by a calculation engine, etc. The personalization evaluations mainly concerned verification tests of the correct provision of information to the user concerned. Users are classified according to their profile. This separation allows the personalization of the human-machine interaction by taking into account the multi-modality, the multi-channel and the multi-platform. We say that key 1 and key 2 are linked by a functional dependency if and only if an occurrence or value of key 1 makes it possible to know one and only one occurrence of key 2. We are looking for a method of developing a personalized information system. This model still allows to put the data in common with two registered users, which is more just at the level of functional dependencies. The user normally completes his schedule without worrying about the functional dependencies. This application manages the content and structure of the commercial site by adapting them to the customer. The explicit collection of information, also known as the declaration, is any data that has been entered or provided by the end user. The reproduction of an agent makes it possible to create an agent having the same competences as an already existing agent. This step is the processing, using calculation tools developed by third parties, of models previously generated. However, it will be necessary to differentiate the names of the foreign keys of the corresponding associative table while referencing the same primary key: Registered (id_i, street_i, email_i, tel_i) Key: x: relation x: primary key x #: foreign key. We could have chosen cardinalities 1,1 and put the date as given by the registered entity. There is also, for example, the case of the DIAMOND approach (Decentralized Iterative Approach for Multi-agent Open Networks Design) which proposes a method for the development of embedded systems combining software and hardware. Whatever the application architecture

Facilitating Access to the Multi-Mode Information of a User

5

chosen for the implementation, the concept of the system will have to use a data modeling technique dedicated to decision-making: multidimensional modeling, subject of this work. This agent acts as an interface between the client and the server. Of course, we verified that only the user concerned was notified of the message. Finally, various methods used for the personalization of the human-machine interaction are exposed. In addition, network failures and re-configurations must be transparent. For example, we may also provide that, in order to perform personalization, it is necessary to know the preferences and needs of the user. The agent, therefore, has the will to achieve a goal or to perform an action and this intention is represented explicitly. The static data are represented by a set of pairs of values: is a set of constants, numeric or alphanumeric, associated with the type of information I for example, for the type of information. For example, we may also provide information as opposed to real-time geo-location information: via the GPS, for example. It also provides technical advice that will help you develop more effective and more accurate data models for operational and intelligence applications, including those running on NoSQL databases like MongoDB. This is the subject of this chapter, which proposed a method for the analysis, design, and modeling of a personalized information system. The customization is thus generally defined according to the objectives of the authors. The use of a specification workshop makes it possible to improve the integration of applications, in particular by reusing already existing tools. Plasticity is defined as the ability of interfaces to adapt to their context of use in respect of their usability. Remember, concepts of reliability and availability cannot be applied to computers and information systems in the same way as they are to physical systems. Therefore, adaptive maintenance is related to the environment of the software. We may also, for example, provide steps to take before intelligent user interfaces become real. The objects of a derived class therefore naturally inherit the attributes and methods of the classes from which they derive. For example, we may also provide a generation of computers, context of use of the software, software operation on separate hardware, etc. If the physical organization of the agents is a hierarchical organization, generally, it is the hierarchical superior who coordinates the exchanges

6

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

between his agents son. Systems modeling therefore also provides a comparative study of software engineering methods useful for the development of interactive systems in complex administrative processes. Therefore, the coordination of the messages exchanged between the agents resulting from the models will be ensured by one of these agents. Customizations and adaptable: these terms are used to describe an interactive system that can be adapted by the user according to his preferences in terms of content and container. And that is why all RDBMS today provide a simple way to compute keys on the fly by means of self-increments which are, by their nature, thus semantically invariant, and this is the corollary. Therefore, it is concise, easy to express, and to calculate. The code is the occurrence of key of an individual and is information of a category and semantic indication. Raw information is calculated or aggregated and indicative of the measured value on an operational flow. They can also provide qualitative indications such as fault sequences. For example, for a personalized information search service on the Internet, an evaluation of personalization would consist in verifying whether the information presented to the user corresponds to the information that the user wanted to receive. Obviously, the activities to be carried out for each aspect depend strongly on the project. The administration agent, therefore, enables the management and administration of systems modeling. This chapter also presents the existing information systems studied from the point of view of personalization. They are typically used to customize multiple applications that can be used by the same users. For example, a system proposes music according to his preferences. And the protected methods correspond to proactive actions. On the other hand, for example, if one admits to keep only the user part and without the DNS part of the e-mail, then a problem arises as for the registration number, if there is a business merger. The model, therefore, allows to specify the system to be realized, to validate the model with the customers, to provide a guide for the construction of the system to organize the structures of data and the behavior of the system, and to document the system and the decisions made. For example, we may also provide that for a visually impaired user, the information will be represented in a large font, etc. Each user has a right to manipulate his profile. So, systems modeling refers to the physical nodes of

Facilitating Access to the Multi-Mode Information of a User

7

execution and the placement of objects on the nodes. Design is not a strict case of problem-solving and the resolution is always present implicitly or explicitly in the specification activity This chapter presents an important novelty of the object orientation for writing algorithms: the call from an operation defined in a child class of operations defined in a parent class. Therefore, system agents form the core of systems modeling and each plays a specific role that, all combined, allow systems modeling to meet its objectives of multi-applications, distributivity, and availability. Taking into account specifications; the tools must, at the same time, overcome the incompleteness and help the designer to manage it; be able to reuse knowledge acquired during previous design projects; and explain to the designer a certain result and justify their decisions. The use of these techniques should make it possible to build tools that: solve the problem of inconsistent specifications, that is to say, that are able to detect inconsistencies and guide the designer in their resolution. The treatments carried out are for the moment essentially qualitative. The treatments carried out are therefore a generation of a fault tree which would make it possible to obtain exhaustively the list of the combinations of failures leading to a dreaded event. at the system level, interactive simulation to analyze the propagation of the effects of a failure, etc. The treatments carried out are because of the difficulty of obtaining certain reliability data. One of the objectives of this work is to propose a method adapted to the analysis, the design and the modeling of personalized information systems. For example, systems modeling is at the service of the evolving company. Dynamic analysis, not detailed in this document, groups together a set of methods based on the execution of the program in order to evaluate it. Taking into account the interaction modes and the platforms used means, for us, that the personalization system must integrate them into its reasoning in relation to the preferences of the user. If a model is not spatialized, it can have two meanings: space is not a parameter of the model: there is no spatial variability of the results; there is spatial variability in the results, but the model does not care about it, because it is weak, or considered meaningless. The results are therefore statistically integrated in the form of an average and this is often the case for compartmental models.

8

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

These different notions are tackled by experimental approaches and the exploitation of data from technologies. For example, we may also provide that, for our example of a class, it is very likely that the first list of attributes of the class built during the first construction of the class diagram did not show the Boolean attributes that allow to manage the life cycle by actions of the organizer, who may advance the opening, closing, or destruction. With systems modeling a broker, agent receives and stores information about the abilities of the agents. They are then added to the agents to define their behaviors. This chapter, therefore, describes another part of my contribution to the personalization of human-machine interaction. Remember, systems modeling are a methodology focused on object databases. Therefore, one of the limitations of this method is the constraint it imposes on the need for clearly defined user preferences that can be quantified. This constraint may also already be familiar to you because you met with it for procedural programming. Therefore, there are two categories of knowledge bases: abstract bases, which make it possible to carry out studies by defining classical reliability models such as Markov graphs or Petri nets, or more advanced models; and concrete bases, which are specific to their field of application and make it possible to represent the peculiarities relating to each domain. For example, for use cases we may have: selecting the music corresponding to the preferences of the user, selecting the music likely to interest the user, modeling the user with the aim of personalization, managing the user ‘s preferences, and allowing the profile to be manipulated by the user. The value of a study such as the one presented in this paper is to be able to overcome these questions by using the principle of comparative studies. When an agent has to perform a task and he does not have the necessary skill, he looks to see if he has a particular connection to that skill and asks him to do the job for him. Intention is, therefore, a choice with a commitment. Remember, there are many other cases where you may find yourself in a situation where an agent has to perform a task and he does not have the necessary skill. Indeed, creating a new formalism too close to an old formalism, will not reuse old applications yet perhaps it is adequate. Therefore, only the users can select the business processes and, within these processes, the activities that are of interest to them. In this chapter, different terms are therefore used and can be classified into categories.

Facilitating Access to the Multi-Mode Information of a User

9

For example, for selecting the music likely to interest the user, a majority vote with selecting the music most chosen by users is made on the music if the current user has no profile. We can, therefore, take a finite or countable number of values. Otherwise, the system integrates a selection procedure by road or by region through a drop-down list. For example, we can also define the following functional dependency: id_a, id_l → n_songs. It is said that n_songs: number of songs written by an author, for an album. Therefore, it is data carried by the association to write. For the investigation of songs, we have assumed that each operator manages its songs, and this makes it possible to illustrate the operation in a case where the information is distributed. A framework is, therefore, a set of classes that participate in the realization of a responsibility. A more correct modernization is, therefore, the following one. Without knowing it, with these examples, we just touched the normal form of Boyce Codd, but we said we would not talk about it yet. Boyce Codd, however, helps with requirements, needs, activities, sequences, and parallelism in the activities of the system. For example, we may also use objects: class instances defining an important configuration of the system. We may also use states of classes through their life cycle, from the creation and instantiation of objects to their destruction, and the events that cause transitions and changes of states. In other words, we may also provide business process modeling with class data exchanges: types, interfaces, classes, and relationships between them. Interaction is divided into a few types of diagrams: •

components: gatherings of classes or components as seen by the development team to break down the system into manageable pieces of software from the development point of view in project management. • sequence: interactions between objects for which the order of interactions is important. communications interactions between objects for which connections between objects are important. • packages: gathering of modeling elements, for example, to distribute among members of the development team; Deployment: units for installing, configuring, and deploying the finished product on a fleet of machines. If the results are standardized, the comparison can be automatic which greatly facilitates the verification of correction after modifications.

10

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

We may also summarize customization methods that are adapted to meet the demand of a user and to track the user ‘s interests. By convention, we precede or follow the foreign keys of the symbol and the reflection on that approach is just beginning. Knowing how to use the object concepts in the methodology itself is an open problem. In this phase, for each agent model, we refine and detail agent behaviors. UML (Unified Modeling Language) is therefore defined as a modeling language for describing requirements, specifying, and documenting systems. Finally, the last section of this book presents general models useful for developing a personalized information system. Take the example of a store that sells songs and wishes to archive the CDs of the songs. A song bought in a store will therefore also be printed in a CD shop and vice versa.

CHAPTER

2

WEIGHTED SEMANTIC NETWORKS

We may use weighted semantic networks to structure documents in order to perform filtering when searching for information. For us, this also makes it possible to take into account the different interaction platforms (multiplatform), the different modes of interaction (multimedia interaction), and the different channels (multi-channel) possible for access or the dissemination of information. Skill learning is therefore managed at the agent level as a task performed in parallel with other tasks. An internal action is an additional activity that the agent must perform to respond to a requested service or to perform a proactive action. It does not matter much if these simultaneous executions are rare, but this may not be the case, because of clock-driven time management. This relationship is synchronous with the actual processing and management rules and corresponds to a particular moment: for example, a monthly decision to take stock of all the invoices issued on a client in order to calculate the number. For example, for an application accessible from a browser, it could be the verification of the correct implementation of the HTML code recommended by the W3C to ensure better portability of the application on all browsers meeting these standards. This portion of code that runs on the client computer returns a certain amount of information to a central site that is responsible for recording and analyzing the information. Depending on the purpose and type of personalization desired, other cognitive methods are used.

12

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

We may also study the interfaces with the other domains (according to the general flow map of the master plan information, for example) and record them in an in interfaces form. Each of these attributes is a reference to an object of the associated class; this reference is noted “@” in UML. This chapter lists some of the areas that have become a task force. But the challenge remains because the physical or software deficiencies of the information systems are very numerous. very diverse, and therefore hardly traceable. If we agree that the user can change data, then the case becomes nightmarish. Therefore, links represent the data flows exchanged between the different software. It is also a question of supplementing this service of collective interest, which remains lived individually as a constraint, by an offer of more than one. However, it is also possible that the observation of the user behavior is poorly performed at the service level and that the service level transmits to information that is erroneous or not of interest for an effective learning of the preferences of the user. It is enough to imagine the catastrophic consequences that the merger of two companies, one buying the other, could have with potential telescoping of values, if the two companies have the same number structure. This is a classic problem typically found in information systems. To clarify these definitions the author proposes the notion of an agent. The development model is therefore iterative and incremental. It consists of the rectification of anomalies, improvements, and evolution. This is a formalization, by use cases, of the functional requirements of the system without imposing the embodiment of these functionalities.

2.1. THE DEGREE OF INVOLVEMENT OF THE DIFFERENT PHASES For example, we may also propose a table specifying the degree of involvement of the different phases of the method for the specification and design of an information system. Therefore, creating an associative relationship may also be identified in the same way as for cardinality. Remember, the treatments carried out are for the moment simply qualitative. However, a generation of fault trees would make it possible to obtain exhaustively the list of combinations of failures leading to a dreaded event at the system level and a comparative analysis of machine performance,

Weighted Semantic Networks

13

by setting arbitrary failure rates. Therefore, an insertion, modification or deletion in the sub-type will also be reflected in the parent entity. We can, however, come across management rules imposing cardinalities with particular values, but this is quite exceptional and the presence of these cardinalities will require the implementation of additional treatments. Therefore, the formalisms useful for the structural and behavioral modeling for the analysis and design phases have been specified. However, this can bring into question the physical models. For example, IT resources include databases, enterprise resource planning (ERP), application servers or presentation servers (web), workflow systems, supply chain management (SCM), employee relations management (erm), business applications, integration architectures, data files, database management systems (DBMS), customer management tools (CRM: customer relationship management), collaborative work tools (groupware), and network infrastructures. At this point in the cycle, it is very early to describe how the user will interact with the service. In such an expert system, the knowledge base, therefore, represents the formalization of formal and heuristic knowledge of design. This explains the main terms encountered in the field and sets out the principles, approaches, and methods used for the personalization of the man-machine interactions. Following the same principles as UML, we may also represent the system according to the two complementary aspects: static or structural modeling and dynamic or behavioral modeling. The system must, therefore, allow the use of appropriate techniques to take into account these new needs. Remember, this relation of specialization and generalization makes it possible to describe a taxonomy of the objects of the model. For example, we may also provide rules for checking normalization levels and provide different levels of normalization or normal forms. For example, a particularity of these services lies in the provision of results and also the chaining of modes that are personalized in relation to the preferences of the user. We, therefore, apply implicit collection of preferences, user modeling, and the collaborative filtering method based on user preferences and behaviors proposed for customizing. Remember, with a multi-application system the system can be accessed by several applications. For these services, only the use cases that may require an automatic learning method and the materials that the user will use to access the service are modeled.

14

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

For example, musical live performances location data is collected using the system. Therefore, this phase consists of producing the musical live performances location data software components and testing them as they are implemented. In addition, the user would be linked to the same machine, where the musical live performances location data administration tool is launched, without the possibility of changing it. The musical live performances location data administration tool then returns data to the cache agent for refining this data. The behavior of the service is then described through dynamic diagrams: state, activity, sequence, and collaboration diagrams. The software is, therefore, a function taking as input all the network measurements sent by the network and which calculates the general state of the network according to the different measurements and corrects any measurement errors. Musical live performances location data is therefore built from a multi-agent architecture which predisposes it to features such as adaptability, autonomy, and assistance allowing it to take into account different types of customization. This musical live performances location data agent controls his activities of perception, communication, action, and reasoning and can modify his knowledge. Musical live performances location data agents are therefore dedicated to the search for performances, each dealing with a site and other agents are intended for the personalization of the interactions, each taking care of a communication channel For example, we may also provide the number of users with the value V for the preference type P, for users who have made the choice C. Then, providing and evolving an API is very complicated. However, it is most often explicit, the space (for example the plot on which a musical live performances location data agent searches for performances) being, strictly speaking, an entity of the modeled system. For example, we may also design a multi-agent solution for the Process for Agent Societies Specification and Implementation (PASSI) methodology. We may therefore also provide an approach to personalization of information services to musical live performances locations. Search requests will, therefore, provide the name of the user and send the completed query of the user’s name. This agent has the ability to connect to the coordinator through the communicator to be able to communicate with him. Therefore, this first example service, a custom music search, is used to validate data for the development of a new custom service.

Weighted Semantic Networks

15

However, at the end of the first design level, we present a second version of the standard answer using a good deal of the advanced concepts of the class diagram. Therefore, we can also teach another agent a skill he has or ask an agent to teach him a skill so he can perform a task, for example. The goal is to demonstrate the capabilities of musical live performances location data to integrate different types of customization. It is therefore essential to ensure a certain level of quality and stability of the computer resources serving the network. But, thanks to this level of quality and stability of the computer resources, the system can find one or more users with common tastes and recommend to everyone the customizations of others. Finally, by the method of Bayes, for a type of action A, to determine the choice of a user U, we look for a method that maximizes customizations. These methods are representative of the fields of application likely to be involved in the analysis and design of a personalized information system. Since the data and treatments have been independently studied, validation allows the data to be compared to the treatments and to make the whole consistent. When a user launches a request at the web server, the latter asks for musical live performances location data for information that might be of interest to the user. Remember, a system modeler needs to be flexible about the visual shape of the model. Therefore, this system modeler language, which aims at software development, unifies the main notations and objectoriented concepts. At the model, level concepts exist to easily eradicate an issue. These concepts place the domain in the information system, based on the master plan and the request of the general management. At the beginning of the project, these needs are often vague, even non-existent, and the model must represent them completely and faithfully. For example, the statement result = object.Request (“searchMusic,” param); with param a variable containing the character string, for example, allows an application to request the “searchMusic” service of an agent by passing the parameter param. This application, called “musical live performances location data,” focuses on the development of a personalized information system in the field to provide musical live performances to people. For example, we may also provide “musical live performances location data” agents that reduce work and information overload.

CHAPTER

3

DEVELOPMENT OF A PROTOTYPE

A generic design can lead to the development of a prototype in order to validate the principles by coding and testing. Specifically, the software provides a graphical interface allowing the user to define a system from elements of the base and built to from this system reliability models. For example, a person’s update agent is both a help desk agent and a profile management agent. Each physical machine is also represented by a block. For example, test checks are usually not performed by the same people who performed the software to be tested: this increases confidence in the finished product by avoiding the bias of self-checking. For example, we may also call agents “external agents” to specify that these agents also want to access another user’s profile than the one they represent. Tests will, therefore, be carried out by simulation of the data sent by the service, at the level of the management of formalisms and will also reveal the need to manage the applications. The user thus has the possibility to constitute a personal list of customizations for a later use of these favorite customizations. That said, in general, there is still a significant gap between our ability to measure and estimate the performance of a system and our ability to estimate the performance impacts of an underlying system, following a malfunction of these. However, a calculation can be done by analyzing user profiles and, more specifically, by analyzing preferences and histories. Remember, any

18

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

protected or public operation defined in a class can be called in the body of an operation of a child class. Therefore, an operation of a child class must be based on the formalization of the formal and experimental knowledge necessary to control the design activity. This could be the case, for example, for performing collaborative filtering by analyzing the behavior of other users. This chapter and discussion presents a summary of the methods in relation to these dimensions. As new uses of modeling become popular, for example in the area of risk mitigation and reverse engineering, how has the role of the modeler evolved to adapt? The answer relates to the definition of the term “development process.” It is the specification of the tools (software), the structure of the materials to be exploited and the constraints of integration with the existing ones. As another example than the one for this chapter, let’s take a computer example of the procedural algorithmic module. The following sections, therefore, describe in turn, and for each of these services, the application of the proposed methods. Remember, customization adaptivity automatically generates a human-machine interface according to the user’s preferences and expectations. Subsequently, we perform the same type of treatment but perform reinforcement with some machines. However, for a Boolean type, there is no need to specify the size (this depends on the implementation of the RDBMS). In this phase, it will essentially be necessary to specify the types of attributes and the input/output parameters of the different methods of the classes modeling the behaviors of the agents. We can then qualify such systems. For example, the behavior “the user has used the simplified information retrieval feature” will be logged if the user has another way to “retrieve information.” This model also reassures users who were not familiar with the software agents since they have a graphical representation of the agents and can view the model of message exchanges during their execution. For example, we may also provide a stereotype that allows you to associate a new meaning with an element of a UML model. This is particularly the case with the clauses. A UML model is therefore generally used. For example, we may also provide a UML model and a passive distribution network with limited monitoring, therefore, evolves to be more active and smarter. For example, we may also provide several phases, so as to consider the various possible hypotheses and to move progressively towards the optimum solution.

Development of a Prototype

19

These methods follow a national consultation launched by the industry to select computer consulting firms to define a method of designing information systems. Similarly, for example, the instance operation of the class and the instance operation of the class are called on the objects, respectively. Remember, a reflexive relation is a relation of an entity to itself, for example: not from Father to Son but from Brother to Brother. For example, we may also provide a senior management interview, and therefore get the main objectives related to the domain clarified and recorded in a goals fact sheet also called a feasibility study. The objective of this step is to obtain the complete description of the new solution for the domain envisaged. Contextual recommendation, comparative study of personalization systems, collaborative filtering, profiled filtering, and community recommendation are all valid methods. However, the management rules that will no longer be satisfied by this logic modeling will have to be done by additional processing via the code of the application that exploits the database or by triggers if the RDBMS is sufficient robust. The work of agents is based on the use of ontologies, which allow them to specify queries, break them down, and then merge information collected from heterogeneous and distributed sources. We may also move to the next iteration if all evaluations related to the current iteration are satisfied. For example, the standards published are in line with the general and conventional operating standards issued, taking over, and substantially adapting, the concepts for vocabulary, for problem management aspects and for mathematical concepts associated with the different concepts. From a copy reference, we obtain the identifier of the corresponding entity. Remember, we will come back in more detail on the notion of identification of an association during the transition to the logic model. Also, different components of the personalization system may not all be on the same machine. For example, we may also provide a host structure that should evolve more and more to ensure a communication with possible changes in data format and transparent inter-machine link management. Of course, it would be interesting to have a community of more users working in various application areas to better evaluate a constraint of totality. Remember, each of the occurrences of an entity must be present in at least one of its associations that are subject to a constraint of totality. We may also associate with a graphical interface (implemented by the class) that allows the user to interact with agents. For example, for the

20

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

customization of an already existing service, the steps related to the technical aspect will be lightened by reuse of existing models resulting from the initial development of the service.

CHAPTER

4

A GENERIC PERSONALIZATION TOOL BASED ON A MULTI-AGENT ARCHITECTURE Although many works are done for customization, to my knowledge, there is no software engineering method that is suitable for setting up a personalized information system that meets my existing re-use requirements. My system, therefore, distinguishes application agents that are defined during an integration of my system into an information system, such as user profile management, information retrieval, support, and so on. For example, we may also provide system agents that are the coordinating agent, the communication agent, and the administration agent. Each HTTP request should, therefore, be saved in standard Common Log Format (CLF) or Extended CLF (ECLF) format. Administrative tools are also needed to design the sequence of different features. For example, we may also provide a system to take into account different types of customization while promoting the construction of a scalable and distributed personalization system. In this object-oriented modeling, we ignore other types of visibility. This service, therefore, uses an existing type of customization to validate the reuse of the existing customization within the method. My system is therefore built from a multi-agent architecture which gives it features such

22

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

as adaptability, autonomy, and support allowing it to take into account different types of customization. The following use cases are based from the point of view of personalization. My system, therefore, provides an interface (user interface) for the manipulation of the profile by the user, includes a management engine and contains a database of profiles and a component for the management of references to external data sources. The system is used to collect, filter and broadcast on the internet. The interface handler, therefore, deals with the human-machine interface with which the user can interact through the stylus or the navigation buttons of a tablet. My system also provides a customization system that supports these methods. For example, we may also allow a user to graphically interact with components executing software agents. However, specialization and generalization relationships are not sufficient to describe all the structural aspects common to both the conceptual model and the modeled system. This is also the case for certain entities simply composed of an identifier, for example, the entities of type Date or Time which are often used in ternary associations. These assessments presuppose in-depth studies and research to have rigorous criteria related to the personalized feature of the information system. Remember, an association defines a semantic link between one or more entities. For example, my system is an application that provides personalized assistance in the preparation of lists combining a set of modes of music. The three most famous conceptual models are OOSE (Object-Oriented Software Engineering) by Ivar Jacobson, the Booch method (named after author Grady Booch), and OMT (Object Modeling Technique) by James Rumbaugh. Models such as these, however, are indeed very simple to understand for a user while they are difficult to read for the uninitiated. We have seen that a conceptual model frequently advocates the use of a scalable and distributed personalization system that can take into account different types of customization. A conceptual model also frequently gives the average prediction errors according to the number of users, for methods, with a database comprising queries. For example, we may also provide a behavior analysis for the behaviors necessary for an agent that are modeled by classes carrying the behavior stereotypes.

A Generic Personalization Tool Based on a Multi-Agent Architecture

23

A conceptual model may also be a dangerous exercise if you have not prepared for it. Therefore, an occurrence present in one of the associations concerned by the equality constraint is also present in all the other associations concerned by this constraint. For example, a personalization system should use modal logic with an inference engine and First Order Logic. These methods are therefore based on a number of simplifying assumptions and a preliminary study should only deal with major processes. A foreign key will, therefore, refer to the key of the relation corresponding to the second entity linked by the association. For example, we may also provide a way to view schedules on a mobile phone. However, the objective of the project, is on the one hand, to help the user of the music in his approach of search for information and, on the other hand, to provide a personalized result. These development models moderately account for the user who is primarily involved in the agent identification phase in the system development process. In addition, UML is frequently provided by software editors in software engineering workshops that allow, in addition to the modeling, a generation of the skeleton of the source code of parts of the computer system, which adds interest to UML. In this case, only the main function was considered, namely profile management. For example, we may also provide compliance with management rules and non-standardization. For example, in a center, each manager supervises solo 0 or 1 group, each group being supervised by one and only one manager. Remember that the logic of the NULL is already complex, but then with so many markers, that would mean the formulas should, therefore, be frequently provided. Remember, the goal of a detailed design is to produce a ready-to-code model. Since this part is performed independently of the 1st part, it was necessary to simulate the object that should be returned by this function. Through this term, we can see the reality of a help with displacement by the relevance of the information delivered. They also provide a user with a personalized content and/or containers. For example, we may also use a conceptual model to coordinate information acquisition, tracking, and analysis in complex applications. In all cases, this modeling amounts to discretizing space by partitioning it into cells: in the two-dimensional case, these cells are most often squares or hexagons. The difference between composition and aggregation is clearly illustrated by the previous example: each element of a composition is necessary for the integrity of the compound whereas when we remove

24

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

elements from an aggregate, we always obtain an aggregate, which is simply smaller. These blueprints can also be done in several steps. The analogy with equations assumes that the possible choices for one type of action are independent of each other. On the other hand, since the data are separate from the treatments, it is necessary to check the concordance between data and treatments in order to verify that all the data necessary for the treatments are present and that there is no superfluous data. Examples of applications examined include: control, management in the distribution network, counting, and reliability assurance. What happens most often: the future users of your project have not been able to provide you with these rules with enough precision; that is why you will need to interview them to establish these rules yourself. To avoid issues, one must proceed with data inheritance which is also called specialization. In this chapter, we focus on refining the class diagram and building a class-by-class form with all of their attributes, with their visibility, type and default value, and all the operations, with their complete prototypes. and their algorithms. The main terms used are customization, personalization, and adaptivity. In order to control the class diagram, one must have a clear mind and a good working method, elementary qualities undoubtedly, but not very widespread. We may also frequently need customization in an information system serving users. For example, each copy of a CD is identified by a reference consisting of letters and numbers and can only be published in one and only one edition. The quantity of new created/deleted CDs is therefore variable compared to the quantities of linked entities. Data is exploited by external applications, integrating their own personalization methods, to provide the user with services. These reproductions create the agent in the same platform and the agent has the same supervisor as his parent. We present here a particular approach but the more general subject of the operating safety of the Information Systems for the networks must represent a subject of research in which one must continue to invest. The objective is to train engineers able to control the software development process based on modeling, design, development and project management techniques. Remember, agents have limited profile access to defined permissions. Also, an administration of formalisms facilitates the addition of applications to the extent that a precise description is made. Therefore, the guarantee

A Generic Personalization Tool Based on a Multi-Agent Architecture

25

of the performance of information systems lies in the identification of the precise combination of operating conditions and the errors that lead to system failures as a whole. For example, we may also provide a comprehensive description of the functional and operational needs by modeling the expected behaviors of these services. Remember, the first modeling methods were developed in the late 1980s. Indeed, with an independent system, it would be easier to integrate the system with an existing IS for customization and therefore obtain personal information management (PIM). Static modeling is therefore based on the class diagrams, use case diagrams, the object diagrams, the component diagrams, and the deployment diagrams. If the association has navigability, arrow on the class diagram indicating that the association only exists in one direction, only the allowed direction of navigation gives rise to an attribute. For example, we may also continue to advance on the subject via acquisition of new points of view to remove existing limitations. In recent years, a new stream of collaborative filtering has emerged: “hybrid” collaborative filtering. The overall quality of a service, from the point of view of the customer, is therefore influenced by many factors related to the nature of the service, from the point of view of the customer and network performance parameters, at the level of its different constituent systems. But if the results produced here meet with these few limitations, the fact remains that the primary objective of this paper is to prove the interest of carrying out such studies. The functions, therefore, define the behavior of an agent. Remember, the importance of pre-processing data is for the use of grammatical inference. Also, it is the user who initiates the reproduction process. The reproduction process, therefore, meets the majority of criteria related to the development of personalized information systems. Other methods include OSSAD (Office Support System Analysis and Design) for the analysis and specification of information systems centered on the organization of work and CISAD (Cooperative Information System Analysis and Design) for cooperative workflow analysis and application design. The goal is to choose the best channel to convey the information by taking into account the specific needs of each user and his interaction platforms. The goal is also a personalization system based on software agents that help users of music in their choice of music. Remember, the other classes that are used to define taxonomy, and thus have no objects, are so-called abstract

26

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

classes. For example, we may also provide a collaborative filtering based on user preferences and behaviors that provides, in a fixed context, that we assume that each type of preference P is associated with a numerical value N corresponding to the preferences of the user.

CHAPTER

5

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF METHODS OF DESIGNING COMPUTERIZED INFORMATION SYSTEMS The research presented in this paper is in the theme of personalization in human-machine interactions. However, remember that it is always possible to establish a direct relation of acquaintances, thus of communication, between agents. Therefore, a representation dimension is therefore associated with a criterion composed of sub-criteria: UML, formalisms, and extensions of UML. However, this transformation of data into information, namely the added value of data that are sorted, classified, validated and personalized, is often neglected. Therefore, the system leaves the user the task of finding the information that interested in the mass of data that is provided to him. For example, we may also provide processes that are recurrent in a personalization activity: the processes of modeling these preferences with user models, the processes of collecting information about the user to know his preferences and needs, and the processes of exploiting the user models for customization with customization methods. In the medium term, it will be a question of combining our methods of filtering based on the Bayesian networks with methods based on models like the method of the k-nearest neighbors algorithm (k-NN) to increase the performance of execution in terms of time of computation.

28

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

For example, we may also provide more restrictive cardinalities (like 2:3; 1:7;) will be perceived as cardinalities of type 0/1, N also, they are indeed subsets. For a preference type P, if the values of the vectors are normalized, a simple function could be for the choice of the histories to be considered in relation to the context, and we, therefore, define a distance to measure the degree of similarity between two contexts. Remember, models used in the generic design mainly concern class and component diagrams. Indeed, the user is frequently confronted with a set of disparate sources of information. Remember, writing of algorithms, other than the use of references, is traditional, and all the knowledge acquired in procedural programming applies. It also goes without saying that the algorithmic solution is now better in terms of optimization and simplification of requests. For example, we may also provide different agents that are used in these personalization systems. However, frequently you do not have time to do more than one iteration in all cases. Remember, private methods are the internal actions that the agent can perform. Each subsystem, therefore, corresponds to a grouping of modeling elements providing the same unity of behavior. In this context, these methods are described in this chapter. Remember, to be in first normal form (1NF) the attributes of a relation must be atomic and must be in functional dependence with the primary key of this last attribute. The ideal would, therefore, be to have a rather generic customization system, which can support different types of customization, and a generic customization system favoring an incremental integration of different methods for personalization.

5.1. USE CASE DRIVEN OBJECT MODELING WITH UML The new generation of tools is based on an artificial intelligence with software engineering approach which is characterized by a re-formulation of the design process in terms of artificial intelligence and an attempt to solve the problems that are there encountered, based entirely on AI techniques. For example, we may also provide that, if one of these users arrives in the other’s region, and if they have the same preferences, the method described above allows the other user to advise music to the one who arrives in his region. Therefore, these architectures are especially adapted for filtering

Comparative Study of Methods of Designing Computerized Information...

29

according to the preferences of the user when searching for information on the internet. For each behavior, unit tests are performed. It is iterative, architecturecentrist, driven by use cases and risk-driven. We distinguish two particular cases: 1) the constructor of the class, or 2) an operation redefining the operation of the called parent class. However, there is no or very few customization systems that meets these characteristics. Therefore, for example, we may prefer to also provide a choice of itineraries of the example of displacement. Remember, these relative data will be used to illustrate the use of the services developed and it does not take into account development based on software agents either. In the same way, as for the system, we find that there are certain ways to evaluate the reliability and availability of information systems. For an example, the command “print (agent.getName(“coordinator”));” allows you to ask the coordinator agent for his full name. For example, we may also provide that the system sends a request to receive a custom music list. On the other hand, remember that the system phase consists of the modeling of the structure of the system starting from the cases of use and the functional needs. Therefore, a collection of user information is performed at the level of the application interacting directly with the end user who transmits this data to the personalization system. Remember, this paper contains pre-built presentations of all the attractions of the computer, using these approaches, that are in the immediate vicinity where the user is located. Therefore, these approaches are equipped with input channels for measurements, production channels for control, and a communication port. For example, we may also provide a study of the methods representative of the application domains likely to intervene in the development of personalized information systems. Remember, a service is an action performed by one entity (machine, natural or legal person, program, firm, etc.) for the good of another, with or without consideration. For example, we may also provide a general method allowing both the establishment of new information systems of the customization of an existing information system and allowing different types of customization by building scalable and distributed personalization systems. On the other hand, this coordination of agents from different fields of activity shows that although they answer the objectives well (systems based

30

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

on agents, client-server systems, systems based on databases, etc.) to which they are defined, these methods do not make it possible to fully answer our problems. Also, this work is in line with the initiated joint research.

CHAPTER

6

SCIENTIFIC COMPUTATION Due to changing technologies, configurations, or user needs, and the collection of user information, and with pages being dynamically constructed, it makes the analysis and the exploitation of log files difficult. However, the analysis and the exploitation of log files also does not allow users who do not belong to the same fields of activity to participate in recommending a choice. Therefore, the first part of this chapter presents the architectures of customization systems that are based on software agents. Customization systems that are based on software agents can create and remove agents, and act on each of them to remove or add functions. These projections are called deployment. On the other hand, we may also provide a role for the user model for personalization. For example, for a profile management agent (SMS, mail agent, and a web portal coordinator) we define its activities when it receives information. Indeed, the simple fact of changing a window on an interface, performs a session switch and possibly a machine switch also. A functional dependency could be schematized as follows: id_name → id_cat. In this case, it seems logical to translate in this way, with the first method: Category (id_cat) CD (id_name, title_l, year_l, resume_l, id_cat #) Key: x: relation x: primary key x #: foreign key. However even if the DBMS allows it, with the null value by default, it is not normally allowed to have a foreign key with no value for which one would find the occurrence in the relationship that is being referred to. Personalization also provides needs in an information system at the service of users of music. Therefore, following the wide development of distributed and networked information sources, especially on the Internet,

32

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

it has become apparent that it is advantageous to benefit from reference points, such as “portal” sites offering easy access, even customized, to all available resources. For example, we may also provide network monitors that capture outgoing flows at the http (application layer) level, as well as at the IP (network layer) level. On the other hand, a direct consequence of having formalisms management is the need is to administer them. Therefore, a requirements gathering identifies all constraints that do not address either the user’s business description or the service description. In addition, the distribution of the workshop should offer a kind of super windowing system that makes transparent access to all the execution sites, which is not the case in remote windowing systems like X-Windows. Different techniques are therefore used, and see below for more details on these techniques. It is therefore necessary that “to load the profile of the user” is considered as a behavior. For example, we may also provide a disruption information service use case diagram and in this phase, the object model for service analysis has been defined. For example, in the case where the decision “to load the profile of the user” is not made, the decision “to load the profile of the user” can be made by comparing the amount of profile data since the last load with a threshold depending on the profile. Also, see this chapter for a review of agent reproduction types. On the other hand, remember that, when applied to IT, the blueprint of an organization aims to propose a plan for progressive automation of management tasks of a company, an administration, etc. Therefore, the processing of information, which must sometimes be done in real time, is done at the application level so as not to overload the queries data servers. For example, we may also provide a functional analysis with the structure of the service modeled through class diagrams. On the other hand, this part concerns the adaptation and configuration of a system based on software agents to meet the objectives of personalization of the service. For each scenario do the organizational study which will give an organizational rules sheet. Remember, the operations necessary for the inner workings of the classes should also be private. It is then determined whether an architecture is more optimal not with respect to a real objective of reliability but with respect to another architecture.

Scientific Computation

33

Other personalized services, such as sending SMS to report performances, are sometimes provided. However, these solutions have the disadvantage of being able to create duplicate tuples at the level of the mother relation and thus to violate the referential integrity constraints in a way and it does not have to be a direct connection. For example, we may also provide agents that could be defined to meet specific objectives according to a particular project. Remember, we have specifically chosen these methods because they are included in the profile management agent’s activity model for choosing the music and different services are therefore described. For example, we may also provide agent-based architectures for custom information system development and adaptation of the phases of the method for the development of the agenda. On the other hand, we may also provide a hybrid architecture for useradapted information filtering on the world wide web. Remember, a repo is therefore about the combination of the sharing of information, a construction of a distributed reality, a self-organized network of exchange of practices, and the creation of a collective knowledge leading to a self-learning constant. For example, we may also provide paid and free modeling tools for these constructions. In fact, we must indicate in these cases what are the attributes involved in the establishment of the total order of all the class objects: reference to the person + reference to the objects. For example, if A1 → A2 and A2 → A3 then A1 → A3 was obtained by transitivity and is therefore not direct. Therefore, a profile of the user corresponds to the weights associated with four criteria (the cheapest, the longest music, the fastest music to download, the customized music) and the weights associated with the modes of music (jazz, rock, soul, blues, classical, classic rock, etc.). Adaptation and integration of these methods, therefore, seems possible for the construction of a new, more adequate method that responds to our problems. This phase begins the part of the method. The other agents, which we call application agents (A as Assistant, P as Profile, R as Search), are examples of agents and they are the most used agent models for building custom information systems. For example, we may also provide an agent model for a tablet, another model for a PC, etc. The functional requirements of these service are therefore modeled without imposing the mode of realization of these functionalities. We should also perform performance evaluation tests of the personalized music search

34

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

service. Regarding the methodology dimension, we should therefore also respond to the main phases of the needs analysis at the evaluation of an information system. For example, we may also provide a multi-agent system for ubiquitous and intelligent content delivery. Remember, the first levels of standardization are the most widespread and the most applied. The practical elements of this paper are illustrated in the study of the modules with another case study, and this explains why we use the same case study (the music search service) throughout the design phases and practical work of the module. For example, for the preference type P = “prefer jazz,” the global application management simplifies the reuse of applications. This could be a particularly important source for the adaptive interfaces used by a very diverse population and the reuse rate of the existing interface is therefore higher. This service, therefore, uses the same type of customization as that of the first service in order to validate the reuse of the right part of the method. For example, we may also provide formalisms for logical modeling (the logical model of data and the logic model of treatments), conceptual modeling (the conceptual model of data and the conceptual model of treatments), and physical modeling (the physical model of data and the operational model of treatments). The use of Information Technologies (IT) for the conduct of the network contributes to improving the service provided, by allowing, in particular, a remote observability of certain key points, as well as an increased efficiency of the operator in his resumption of service procedures. For example, we may also provide efficiency for deleting, replicating, and creating agents. Remember, creating an agent is done through the interface. On the other hand, accompanying the citizen in his daily travels as for the discovery of unknown musical territories is undoubtedly one of the potential levers of action to move towards sustainable music personalization, ensuring a better balance for the music personalization. For example, we may also provide a focus on the classes and show classes in association with these classes. On the other hand, a virtual file management system can, therefore, be viewed as a database of user problem statements and results. Remember, these services use another type of customization. Therefore, the following sections will examine the suitability of certain approaches to represent these different dysfunctions. For example, we may also provide an architecture that allows the integration of multiple graphics charters on the same web portal while using the same style sheets. On the

Scientific Computation

35

other hand, we may also provide a file management system on top of the operating system file manager. Remember, most of these systems had as initial objectives the provision of music information to the user, as a set of data associated with the action type. For example, we may also provide agent-based semantic integration of information in open and dynamic environments. Therefore, a realization of an intentional agent will, therefore, imply to represent its goals, generally classified as goals and sub-goals. For example, we may also provide perspectives related to the personalization system. On the other hand, a personalization system has been integrated into applications for the development of personalized information systems. For example, the user can simply specify that he wants to go shopping and the system provides him with the list of stores and advises him on the music to prefer. And, sometimes the system provides him with additional remarks or observations (for example if a data is strictly greater than 0, etc.), and takes care of the technical specifications for the realization. These methods were chosen from among other well-known methods such as RUP (Rational Unified Process) or AUP (Agile Unified Process) by its development process that distinguishes the functional aspects from the technical aspects. For example, we may also provide a rule which states an agent model per interaction platform will not be applied here, because, in this application, the goal is to let the management of the interaction between the user and the service to the platform. Remember, user management in a multi-user environment allows you to associate usage levels with access rights, allowing you to create different views. Therefore, principles and architecture for the personalization of information in human-machine interaction also has applications for the music information and it can also lead to structured programming. For example, we also plan to provide and design new innovative services for people who use music and improve existing services by making them more personalized and contextualized with a customization system that supports these methods. Thus, existing services must be unique for each occurrence of the association and consist of installing all the software developed and putting the entire IS at the service of users. Remember, a coordinating agent forwards messages to an information retrieval agent and asks the profile management agent what the user might prefer.

36

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

For example, we may also provide architectures and methods for the development of custom sequence diagrams and, with cooperation between agents, by collaboration diagrams. Therefore, the system also has the ability to connect an existing agent or remove it. The few systems that are relatively flexible and scalable are built from software agents. You may, therefore, wonder, “How does the nature of NoSQL databases, without schema or with a lightened schema, affect the data modeling process?” The answer relates to the fact that, in addition to aggregations that only give rise to attribute declarations, an aggregation is an association whose name is contained, for a composition, the component objects are possibly created and necessarily destroyed by the compound object. Models and methods are also proposed to exploit the user’s model for personalizing the interaction and these sub-modules also have compartments. However, we note that even though these agents have different names for each customization system, some of these agents may belong to the same agent model. On the other hand, the system is aimed at improving the quality of information provided to users. For example, we may also provide a method: CustomizeUser getConnectedUser (): string musicSearch + search (request: string): string + renderOut () + sendChoice (data: string) + ResultSearch + printMusic ; Systems can, therefore, be considered as an automatable view of the business of an organization and a functional view of IT, and are thus independent of the technical implementations. As an indication, there is a methodology called test-driven development which consists, in the implementation phase, of writing these tests before writing the functions to be tested. On the other hand, most of this work aims to provide managing user profiles, models, approaches, methods for collecting user information, and adapting these interactions to needs and preferences. Remember, iteration planning and preliminary studies for the identification of services are not addressed in this brief. On the other hand, software failures are difficult to predict because they result from errors in the implementation of the system. For example, we may also provide that, in the chapter on object-oriented programming, we will see that some languages like Java introduce other types of visibility.

Scientific Computation

37

On the other hand, a supporting customization system may also provide useless information, since there is no basis for a comparison to infer a preference, that cannot be used for customization. For example, we may also provide an example of a text description sheet for a use case and this is the “search for a music” use case. The user is therefore assisted by an evaluator during the use of the system and the personalize class uses the same design pattern as a singleton class. We simulate this authority by creating an XML database to search for music for a user. For example, we may also provide existing approaches to customizing music information and this section presents various projects and systems. Information Technologies (IT) are at the heart of these evolutions. For example, we may also provide personalization in information systems serving users of music. Therefore, this work is part of the application context of the personalization of information in the music for a user. By analogy with an architect who draws several plans to design a house, the design of a computer system is organized in a modeling architecture that provides several visions of the same problem to help find an acceptable solution. On the other hand, this opportunity for comparative studies also introduces the notion of vulnerability. Remember, the methods of the k-nearest neighbors algorithm (k-NN), hierarchical clustering, and repeated clustering are the most used. Therefore, the application objective of this work is to design a music information system to facilitate access to information, integrating several modes of music, of a user wishing to prepare for music. On the other hand, with this system, for example, we may also use it on a site for the recommendation of music. Remember, an entity is a class of logical objects with a proper existence, according to the business management rules. Also, the input and output parameters of these services are strings. For example, the modes of music considered may also be rock and jazz. On the other hand, the method for Agent-oriented Software Construction with UML provides us a framework for the development of software agentbased systems. Therefore, a search agent goes to the information server to search for information and then returns to the personalization server. The intermediate representations are a language expressing the manipulated objects, as well as the possible operations on these objects, the methods of access to these objects and the different possible manipulations. On the other hand, an environment may also integrate a Java command interpreter for interaction with executing agents. For example, we may also

38

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

provide artificial intelligence commands provided by artificial intelligence specialists that have a wealth of experience in this area and therefore they may be of interest. On the other hand, imagine then the consequences to move from one form to another in all the tables that reference to see how its use is deprecated as an identifier of any kind. Remember, an activity is not managed by the decision-making sub-module since it can be conducted during the periods. Also, an administrator has a view of the active agents, their organization, and their location, the functions, and the content of their exchanges. Remember, the elements of the information systems that regulate the exchanges are distributed among these different actors. Indeed, these principles join the one we propose to use in the development of personalized information system separating the information system from the personalization system. These UML diagrams then enable the system architecture to be captured in graphical views and a series of non-graphical relationships declared in lists. However, often, the number of people involved in solving the problem (development team, customers, maintenance team, etc.) is one of the elements playing heavily in the decision to go through a modeling phase. For example, helper agents, user agents, and cache and spatial agents can belong to the same assistant agent models that interact directly with the user. I, therefore, recommend evaluation tests of system properties and performance tests consisting in evaluating the capacity of the system to work quickly under the pressure of a heavy load. For example, we may also provide that answers are transmitted to the user. In what follows, we assume that the user’s profile is described according to our user modeling approach with the following set of choices that are totally ordered according to contexts. On the other hand, it is not easy to design a generic skill to add it to an agent and dynamically refine it as needed. Remember, the current version of UML is available on the OMG website (www.omg.org). After agent deployment, verification checks should also be performed by simulating data that should come from external application, including the web portals. At the end of these evaluations, cases arise and the current iteration is resumed if the evaluations related to this iteration were not conclusive. In addition, some data is more easily evaluated by the system than by the user; the latter may not have the required skills or the time required for this evaluation.

Scientific Computation

39

Let’s take the example of our music management system that we are responsible for computerizing. The profile of the user corresponds to the weights associated with different modes (jazz, rock, soul, blues, classical, classic rock, etc.), the duration, and the price. However, this enthusiasm around this technology should not make us forget that it is a young technology and that sometimes it is not easy to use web services for certain needs. Remember, these systems were chosen because they are based on software agents and fulfill most of the criteria defined in the study of personalization systems. Therefore, for these roles, I consistently apply these notations to the three levels of model: conceptual, logical, and physical. Also, the model is based on the command history and therefore on the previous state of the user’s customized commands. As we saw, several types of evaluation are possible. Dynamic modeling is therefore based on the activity diagram for the representation of the running of a use case, the state diagram for the representation of the life cycle of objects and agents, the execution of a method and the behavior of an agent when performing a task (service, internal action or proactive action), the sequence diagram for the representation of the system usage scenarios, the collaboration diagram for the representation of the interaction context between the objects and between the agents of the system, and interaction scenarios between the objects and interaction scenarios between the agents. These applications, therefore, integrate the personalization systems. Imagine, for example, that registrants would have the privilege of the user’s customized commands on a given date with an organized meeting. For these kinds of application, it will be necessary to combine these methods with model-based methods. On the other hand, constraints should be eased with projects currently being studied in a region, in collaboration with several operators aiming, among other things, to constitute a pool of data gathering information. For example, we may also provide a use for behavior similarity for computation recommendation and a contribution of the multi-agent to the applications of cooperative work. These detailed studies will describe all the processes that make up the functioning of the future system, to precisely define the information used and stored, completely specify the tasks to be performed, and provide an analysis and specification of the services. Moreover, the occurrence table can be compared to the instances of a relation, and relational implantation of an entity or association, at some point.

40

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

For example, we may also provide some observations on mental models and these works highlight their contribution both in the case of musical live performances for which the users are dependent on the time of arrival and in the case of occasional musical live performances. Remember, before you start creating your tables, or even your entities and associations to stay in a conceptual vocabulary, you need to collect the needs of future users of your application. On the other hand, a hierarchical organization of the agent models does not in any way reflect the physical organization of the agents resulting from these models.

6.1. SAMPLE DATA FOR A SEARCH QUERY Each activity is associated with the list of folders that the actor must use (“client,” “order,” “product,” etc.); in UML (Unified Modeling Language), which allows us to build the specifications of programming in objects, and one says that each file is a component thus designating either a class of the object model, or a set classes around a master class. For example, a profile agent is responsible for deducing the user’s interactions with the system and updating the user’s profile. For example, we may also provide modeling of users through an expert system and a neural network. On the other hand, with the modules, it is the table-structured entities and the relationships between these tables that help to organize the system information, the queries then making it possible to express the manipulations on these data using relational algebra. For example, user preferences could be music criteria such as the least expensive, jazz, rock, soul, blues, classical, classic rock, etc. For example, we may also provide that we may also show the functional requirements for the music search services. On the other hand, these methods are based on the separation of data and treatments to be performed into several conceptual and physical models. Remember, a property allows unequivocal and unambiguous access to an occurrence of one entity among all others with a primary file key. Therefore, a user model can provide assistance in interpreting the information. For example, we may also provide that a function has been implemented to provide a reference to an object that can invoke primitives through a single object access protocol (SOAP) message. On the other hand, in fact, for example, it avoids redoing the calculations several times for a result that will remain fixed.

Scientific Computation

41

The same user comes only once a day, or more exactly if he comes back because of a lapse or results, therefore it is the same music consultation that continues. On the other hand, a property begins with a general model and refines it as and when to arrive at a precise description giving to an implementation of the system. For example, we may also provide that the application can then invoke agent services by invoking the methods of the created objects. On the other hand, these studies and improvements are part of our research perspectives. For example, we may also provide that, when integrating applications, the virtual file management system will make file access easier and more uniform. On the other hand, another user might like driving but would favor a taxi if he is in a hurry. Therefore, the customization method that I proposed seems to be suitable since it models the user preferences according to contexts. For example, we may also provide a Web Application Extensions to UML (WAE) that provides a UML extension to translate the design model into source code for web applications. Remember, UML is a language and has the attributes of a language. At present, the goal of the knowledge base is to get the scenarios leading to the loss of one of the functions of the system, which is assimilated to the loss of data produced by one, possibly several, software(s). On the other hand, these objects simulate the data that should be exchanged between the services by respecting the data models defined in the analysis phase of the service. For example, we may also provide automatic learning of user profiles towards the personalization of agent services and a process modeling that proceeds in several steps that must be distinguished. Remember, these primitives provide the same functionality as the previous one except that it is used to trigger events that require an input parameter. Also, we should remember that there are strong partnerships between the software engineering and computer systems options and many private and public research centers. For example, we may also provide that, although not implemented at the relational level, the constraints, which are management rules, will have to be satisfied by additional treatments (triggers, etc.). On the other hand, information integrating several modes of music is probably one of the tools to achieve this ideal goal. Here is how we could represent this conceptually: a date should not be a simple piece of information given by the association because it would limit the number of musical live performances of a registrant

42

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

to 1 and the relation corresponding to the association would, in this case, have a unique identifying pair which would impose this restriction. When a skill is added to an agent, it is cached and it is this cached version that is used throughout the lifetime of the system unless the system is rebooted. As part of a development of a personalized information system, we will focus on methods using the UML language. The system is in the form of a server providing web services for the management of user profiles. The Web Application Extensions to UML (WAE) extensions promote a direct transition from the design model to the code of web applications characteristic of server-client applications. While enlightening the modal choice and facilitating the use of networks are the two objectives assigned to a music information system integrating several modes of music, the fact remains that the main idea remains the provision to users, and in a simple way, of signals. Other phases are studied in the object-oriented programming chapter with the Java language that follows this modeling chapter. Operators intervene in the realization of the live performance and ensure the performances are attended by the user in a city and its surroundings. This decomposition is intended to facilitate the maintenance of the profiles by separating the little-modified data (the static data) of the data likely to be modified regularly (the weighted data), the history keeping a trace of the behaviors of the user. There are also clustering approaches that aim to limit the number of users to consider in calculating the prediction. For example, we may also propose a frame of reference for the comparison of methods of analysis and information system design. These agent templates can be organized in a hierarchical structure. For example, agents and metaphors with character provide coordination with external applications. The social module is a system of cognitive agents: the behavior of each user is only determined by itself according to its internal state and social interactions with other users and the environment. These algorithms also use the frequency of appearance of user behavior. For example, we may also provide tools that should be more active, more “intelligent” and provide real and effective help during the design process. For example: in a model, each user can be an individual object characterized by an attribute that represents its code; likewise, in a model, each user is an individual.

Scientific Computation

43

In general, it is emphasized that an interface agent would not be of much help if the user always had to give him very explicit instructions. On the other hand, new classes can be introduced to take into account new purely technical responsibilities or to unload classes from the analysis phase of some of their technical aspects. Also, since the user leaves the system to learn information about him, some of his activities may be forgotten or misinterpreted. For example, we may also provide a displacement managed by the “social” module because, as it concerns the whole, only users that have a dominant social position can take the initiative. The principle is to combine memory-based filtering and model-based filtering to minimize the disadvantages of both methods and to reap the benefits. These tests may lead to a revision of the service analysis model, which will require another implementation of the different phases of the parts. If a system is properly designed and the above conversion rules have been followed, the relationships will automatically be normalized to 3NF. For example, we may also provide adaptability and user-initiated individualization. A study carried out within the framework of the project has thus shown the expectations of users and concludes on the services to be developed in terms of information: offer “personalized” information through interactive systems; to provide information in “real time” to the user; make information accessible through different media; and propose solutions using several modes of music. Remember, data modeling authors and educators describe various techniques that address the challenges posed by modeling processes. Managing applications, therefore, requires an external description of their functionalities, their limits in the input formalisms and the formalisms of their results. The shift to a systematic ashematic key was initiated when the SQL: 1999 standard was released. On the other hand, modeling involves creating a virtual representation of a reality in such a way as to bring out the points of interest. For example, we may also provide a response that takes the query, with the data, and adds all the possible music and it separates the information system seen as a set of services from the personalization system. This modeling is implicit, for example, in the case of the spatialization of a compartment model: consider a model with N compartments C 1,..., C N; if it is non-spatialized, each compartment contains the average values of state variables over the entire space; to spatialiser it, the space can be partitioned in M parts P 1,..., P M; the spatialized model will then include N.

44

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

This chapter describes the different phases of our methods. A user can, therefore, create and remove agents, as well as act on each of them to remove him or add one of the available functions. These predictions are calculated based on users belonging to the same cluster and links represent the data flows exchanged between the different software. For example, we may also provide data flows that are generally in the form of a configurable application ensuring the representation of the user profile and inference mechanisms for the choice of the solution to be proposed. On the other hand, structural attributes are the vertical distributions, and the set depends on the types of action to be modeled. Remember, other services can be specified and developed as needed. For example, we may also conduct interviews of relevant workstations and write interview reports, enclosing all relevant documents currently in effect. On the other hand, distribution systems are going through a period of rapid and profound change. Therefore, a generic design defines the elements necessary for the construction of the technical architecture independently of the functional aspects resulting from the capture of the functional needs and the functional analysis. Also, typically, as part of the search for personalized information, the user profile and documents are represented. For example, we may also provide a specialization generalization tree that is drawn in a class diagram, and some factored operations are defined in a parent class and redefined in the child classes. On the other hand, it is a question of structuring and representing the objects of the domain. A presentation agent, therefore, builds the interfaces for presentations of all the attractivities that are in the vicinity of the user’s position and stores them in the server cache, based on the user’s profile and on the model of its environment. To facilitate the use, we, therefore, offer a generic customization system that can be used in conjunction with custom information system development. For example, we may also provide and describe a series of activities that the agent must perform to perform a specific operation. Indeed, the choice of a music by a user could be motivated in relation to climatic conditions, for example. Therefore, we are able to state that a multiagent system consists of a number of elements competent at conversing and also working out deals to be able to resolve an issue. For example, we may also provide frequent jobs, or even a multi-agent system, with a number of elements who synchronize their objectives, reports, information, and strategies to take action or perhaps eliminate issues, along with the issue of inter-agent management on its own.

Scientific Computation

45

These agents serve as a kind of directory allowing the various agents to find the appropriate agents that can answer their requests. To this end, the objectives of this paper are to reexamine the suitability of different approaches to represent the impact of reliability on behavior with a particular focus on the reliability representation of information systems. Therefore, the proposed reference framework is composed of three dimensions: the methodology dimension, the representation dimension, and the technology dimension. For example, we may also provide that a user has a view of the active agents, their locations, their functions, their organizations, and the content of their exchanges. For example: choosing to ask or not about a property, in a client entity, is the expression of a management rule. It is, therefore, necessary to edit it on demand, and at any time, with the state of the monthly client. This modeling is largely done in class diagrams, possibly with object diagrams showing specific system configurations under particular conditions, and is representative of object-oriented analysis and design methods. For example, we may also provide the action: ‘Ask for the date of birth of a user.’ (Figures 6.1–6.10)

Figure 6.1. Restaurant-UML Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BYSA 3.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: 69.195.36.86.

46

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

Figure 6.2. UML state diagram Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BYSA 3.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en. Author: LeonardoG.

Figure 6.3. UML Hierarchy diagram Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: David Keller.

Scientific Computation

47

Figure 6.4. ArgoUML Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Inga.

Figure 6.5. Observer-pattern-uml Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Alexvaughan.

48

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

Figure 6.6. UML Diagram Deployment Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Jdh2000.

Figure 6.7. State Design Pattern UML Class Diagram Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ deed.en Author: Ertwroc.

Scientific Computation

49

Figure 6.8. Oop-uml-class-example Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Helix84.

Figure 6.9. Singleton Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Fuebar.

Figure 6.10. UML Communication diagram Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed. en Authors: Oemmler

CHAPTER

7

ARCHITECTURES AND METHODS FOR DEVELOPMENT Information systems should be seen as a set of services. Here is an example of a partition constraint: For this example, a CD will either be printed in an internal service or purchased. It’s the same if a Professor A is prevented from working that day and must be replaced at short notice by Professor B. Therefore, average prediction errors are based on the number of users for methods and similarity of the vectors. For example, we may also provide that a user is properly categorized into four parts: gender, year/month of birth, number, and rank. Therefore, the query is simpler and can use indexes. The classification of the first three levels of normalization is based on the functional dependencies between the primary key of the relation and its other attributes. It should be noted that several of these methods can be combined, for example. Once an API is published, thousands of users learn about it, use it, and therefore depend on it. For example, we may also provide agentbased architectures for custom information system development. This part, therefore, presents the architectures of the customization systems. We will distinguish two types of methods for personalization: cognitive methods and social methods. For example, we may also use Bayesian networks and fuzzy logic to analyze the musical live performances visited by the user in order to forecast their areas of interest. For example, wondering in which table to add information when a database is already in production is nonsense. Therefore, a functional branch

52

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

contains phases and a functional requirements capture that begins with a comprehensive description of the functional and operational requirements by modeling the expected behaviors of the system. It is also therefore possible to have several agent platforms in the same machine by varying the communication port. On the other hand, if the display operation remains public, the designer extending the parent class may not redefine the display operation, and only the attributes of the parent class will be displayed. Obviously, the larger or more complex a key, longer and more expensive will be the join operation. These questions are therefore specified through the input parameter. For example, we may also provide a principle of the service that is to automatically provide the music to a user following his schedule against a standard calendar. For example, we may also show the behaviors that the “profile” agent needs for the music search service. Most often, the different tests are specified by the teams that model the problem and design the solution, but they are executed by the teams that perform the checks. On the other hand, the teams that perform the checks provide the corrections of software errors. Therefore, an important element of these methods is that they could be applied both for the personalization of the content and for the personalization of the containers. Therefore, the competence of the coordinators and a series of dynamic models has been established. For example, we may also provide implementation agents ‘behaviors and the agents’ functions that are implemented and tested as they are developed. Other types of reproduction could also be considered by adding the appropriate functions to the agents. For example, we may also provide that communication between tools is facilitated by a standardization of the interfaces and the use of a pivot language. On the other hand, we often have a good knowledge of the exact nature of standardization difficulties, including subtle aspects, such as standardization of the ability to read particular data. Thus, different methods and techniques for collecting user information, user modeling and user profile management are provided in the literature. For example, we may also provide an emulator that simulates music personalization associated with a user. Example: (id_i, lastname_i, firstname_i, dob_i, street_i, city_i, email_i, tel_i) Key: x: relation x: primary key x #: foreign key. This solution is also acceptable but may lead us to question the relevance of the inheritance since it is not implemented at the relational level.

Architectures and Methods for Development

53

These models are also of interest to those who deploy and administer the systems in production, because implicitly the development view defines the contributions of each development team, and therefore the responsibilities, and gives an indication for the preparation of the deployments, discussed in the section following this one. On the other hand, autonomy allows intelligent agents to work alone, without the help of the user. For example, we may also provide intelligent agents to work with a category that includes features for a personalized music search emulator (“view the details of music,” “access the list of possible music,” “find music,” and “choose music” use cases) and SMS messages on a mobile phone emulator. For example, we may also provide the following notations: NmUsers (C, A): the number of users who made the choice C for the A action type. On the other hand, the system clarifications are not welcome in companies and administrations where peace between leaders is maintained by unspoken compromises. By revealing that such territory falls under various spheres of legitimacy, the clarification may wake up old conflicts, risks at which the stake of the information system will often appear secondary. As a reminder, it is possible that the sequence diagram built during analysis did not give all the details of the operations called: for example, it is possible that the arguments of the operations were not specified. Therefore, these presences of occurrences of one or more associations must necessarily have repercussions on the target associations of the inclusion constraints. The organizational model, therefore, consists in defining the organizational model and describing the constraints due to the environment (organizational, spatial and temporal). On the other hand, since growth is a continuous temporal process, the sub-model is a compartmental model. For example, we may also provide an abstract class with private attributes, for example, the music personalization class. On the other hand, in this paper, I wanted to examine a first approach using an internally developed platform. Indeed, in the absence of adequate reliability data, we therefore proceed via sensitivity studies. The next chapter describes, in this regard, a generic customization system that can be used in conjunction with the development of personalized information systems. For example, we may also provide, then, a study of the methods representative of the fields of application likely to intervene in the development of personalized information system that is carried out in a perspective of adaptation and integration of these methods for the

54

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

construction of a new method answering our problems. For example, we may also provide a multidimensional approach for the personalization of information. Therefore, a server part is broken down into two parts: server (including a presentation cache, a database, and communications modules) and an agent server (including agent profile, registration agent, gis agent, and presentation agent). On the other hand, administration tools must also have a user-friendly interface, and it must be ensured that they comply with the user interface of the administrator workstation. If the physical failures of the machines or networks are probabilizable, under the assumption that enough data is available, it is nevertheless more difficult to assess the reliability of operation from a probabilistic point of view with regard to the software failures. Therefore, the most important techniques from this point of view are: the use of heuristic knowledge; reasoning around specifications that can highlight undesirable properties of specifications such as ambiguity, contradiction, or redundancy; learning that allows the tool to automatically exploit its knowledge of a given application domain; and fuzzy reasoning for constructing specifications from incomplete statements. For example, we may also provide that a user then gains an enrichment of the possibilities of remote connections and exchanges of information with other workshops equipped with other tools. On the other hand, it is a new service so the efforts to be made in the different phases are particularly important. Also, this will depend on the experience and know-how of the developers. Remember, the data within the same machine cannot be altered and the conditions in which a software produces incorrect data are a little constraining. For example, we may also provide that, during the implementation, the developer will ensure that the design model accurately reflects the computer code produced. Based on these considerations, the idea of developing a tool that learns as it is experimenting, uses what it has learned for a new project and remembers it for future projects, comes naturally to mind. It will also have to propose useful representation formalisms for each phase. For example, we may also provide a development approach centered decision and use patterns of interactive decision support systems, and applications for investment in the field. For example, we may also provide architectures and methods for developing customized data analysis agents that are resource agents that specialize in automatic data mining.

Architectures and Methods for Development

55

For example, we may also provide a ManipulateProfile “behavior” LDAP -env: object “require” + getProfile (): void + deleteProfile (): string + modifyProfile (): void + setLdap (): void + initLDAP (): object. Thus, the applications does not even have anything to know about the management of screens and the graph since it is even possible that the work was asked for them by another application. Remember, when it comes to searching the web, methods from automatic data discovery (retrieval) or text mining are usually used. Indeed, using a system has shown that sometimes moving an agent from one platform to another causes it to lose functions. Therefore, in order to facilitate the use of a system, it is envisaged in the medium term to provide a software engineering workshop supporting a system and in all other cases, the simulation time is considered a discrete variable. For example, we may also provide an emulated server that sends a message to a given phone that displays it as an SMS. On the other hand, a hardware configuration is modeled through deployment diagrams and the software specification through component diagrams. For example, we may also provide an application that tests through the tool of online validation of HTML pages, and therefore we notice that code improvements are to be made to fully meet the recommendations of the W3C. Remember, most of these systems are intended for web browsing assistance. We then see that it involves stages. One concerns the modeling of the information system itself, and the other concerns the modeling of a process for the realization of the computer product that will equip it. For example, we may also cover the three moments of the specifications (the analysis model, the business model, and the technical model). These models and methods are generic and must be adapted to the field of application. The definitions of these concepts that are presented in this part are from the section dedicated to the risks of malfunction and are diminished because this language is interpreted by each application to be transformed into internal data structures. On the other hand, we may also have obstacles to modeling, and this articulation is not obvious and it may encounter severe obstacles. For example, we may also provide examples also used in object-oriented data structures. On the other hand, the agents exchange knowledge and know-how. For example, the loss of a machine leads to the immediate loss

56

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

of all flows of data that are issued by the software supported by this machine. In this case, the knowledge base used is based on a number of simplifying assumptions that are not necessarily compatible with a realistic vision. Therefore, knowledge provided in the sector is likely to allow future engineers to quickly access the functions of a development team leader or a software development consultant. Remember, UML is a graphical language easily understandable by the customer; the client can therefore understand the modeling of the problem, even if he does not understand all the modeling of the solution that can be more technical. For example, we may also provide human-machine interfaces that should therefore be based on personal software information agents for the benefit of music users. On the other hand, some phases of these methods need to be adapted to existing or already existing developments. It would be very interesting to use and evaluate a system in the development of such applications. For example, a music service should contain services such as buying and selling music, music finding, music personalization, musical live performances information, etc. The division into domains roughly corresponds to the main functions of the company, hierarchical by its strategic objectives and centers of interest. In the functional analysis step, there is no need to define the data model exchanged between the music agenda service and a system, as we have reused the same model as the one specified for the search service of music. These systems are based on the preferences of the users to provide the music corresponding to a profile. A system should also collect information from the central station and implement processes that are addressed by a central station. The objectives of these technical studies are to present the computer specifications necessary for the production of the software. For example, we may also describe a hierarchical organization of music information retrieval agent models. A service may also consist of several services, or under services. On the other hand, we may expect to improve performance by optimizing implemented algorithms. The current tools assist the designer in managing the specifications he develops as he progresses in the design of the system. For example, we may also provide many questions that need to be asked and the results documented in the models. Remember, the agents’ functions should be implemented and tested as they were developed.

Architectures and Methods for Development

57

For example, we may also provide a value at the bottom of an invoice resulting from the summation of the aggregated invoice lines: resulting from a treatment on several raw and/or calculated values: a value invoiced * cumulated day * cumulated month * cumulated year (multidimensional cubes or matrices). On the other hand, for example, we may also provide an invoiced value - cumulated day/product = cumulated month - cumulated month/product, etc. Remember, we must provide a management of users and also provide a management of user files. These methods use the same type of reasoning as before except that they are based solely on the historical behavior of the users. For example, we may also provide automatic message management informing application designers of system problems that have occurred when using their tools.

7.1. ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS AND USER MODELING ON THE WEB These methods make it possible to set up a new personalized information system as well as personalize an existing information system. On the other hand, in order to reach a wider audience, results are standardized by the OMG consortium (Object Management Group) as the UML notation. For example, a class C having 2 binary associations and a ternary, receives 4 attributes: 1 for each binary association and 2 for the ternary association. For example, we may also provide a web portal management platform capable of hosting a set of services accessible via Intranet, Extranet or via the Internet. The latter is organized around two main parts dedicated to the two key stages of the data modeling process: conceptual modeling, then modeling on a relational database. Remember, most of the information found was hardware reliability data. For example, we may also provide a text description sheet for the “Find a type of music” use case that is provided and adapt the phases of these methods for the development of the music agenda. This chapter therefore introduces the modeling of object-oriented computer systems using UML (graphics) language. One of a system’s current weaknesses is the difficulty of updating a skill already added to an agent. For example, we may also provide therefore and also facilitate the development of a multi-target interface. Also, we may also provide UML in action from the needs analysis to the design. On the other

58

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

hand, a Geographic Information System (GIS) agent handles requests for updating the client cache. Organization and distribution of agents is a hierarchical organizational system. Remember, the architecture of this agent consists of two parts: the first part is in charge of the communication with the external applications and the second part deals with the interaction with the coordinating agents. For example, we may also provide a cognitive method (filtering based on the profile of the user: last choice) and two social methods (majority vote, Bayes) that should therefore be tested. The translation of a state machine diagram at design time consists of two activities: first, complete the list of attributes to allow the management of all states and all transitions, and second, complete the list of operations so to allow the values of the attributes to evolve to respect the state machine diagram. The system could therefore infer the likelihood that a user would like both types of music and, for example, highlight the most likely music type. For example, a user who often likes classic rock would provide a high probability for liking rock music since classic rock provides a rock like music type.

7.2. DATA MODELING The methods should, in particular, support different types of customization and ensure the scalability of the system. Therefore, before the generation of a fault tree, it is first necessary to define a vertex for the latter, which represents the dreaded event that one wishes to observe. These phases are therefore generally adapted to the type of application to be implemented, and phases will be more or less developed depending on the nature of the application. Remember, an internal action may require the execution of another internal action. For example, we may also provide a static analysis that covers a large set of techniques, which differ in terms of the means used to implementation only in their purposes. For example, we may also provide disruption information service use case diagram from a personalization perspective. Remember, a cache is continually updated to take into account the change in the model of the user’s environment and profile and an engine used in conjunction with the model of the user’s environment and profile allows the customization of user interfaces according to the role of the user.

Architectures and Methods for Development

59

Taking into account these two aspects of the indeterminacy of the process and the behavior of the designers, it appears that the automation of the design cannot be algorithmic. The next chapter therefore aims to find an adequate method for the analysis, design and modeling of such systems. This service therefore uses an existing type of customization to validate the reuse of the existing customization within the methods. The case presented as an example in the following is that of the event designated as undesirable which is the loss of the algorithm software on the machine. Further performance evaluations are being considered, for example, evaluating the performance of the service versus the number of users simultaneously connecting to the service or studying the impact of physical distribution of agents on performance for the overall information system. For example, we may also provide maintenance that is defined as all operations of modification of an operational software leaving intact its basic functionalities. The system proposed therefore represents the web pages visited by the user in the form of neural networks. Let’s look at this with a concrete example. As with the music search service, communication between music calendar service applications and the system is performed through SOAP messages via the personalize module. For example, we may also provide a system response time based on the number of registered users in the service. On the other hand, studies for ergonomic evaluations should also be in progress and initial assessments of personalization should also be made as part of a research master project that we have co-supervised. A relationship may have none, one, or more foreign keys, but always has one and only one primary key. It is therefore very difficult to transform this relationship vagueness, or ambiguity, into something specific. On the other hand, this relationship should also take into account these different aspects of personalization described above by promoting the construction of a scalable and distributed personalization system. Remember, a last element essential to an excellent model is the choice of the key of the relations. Different possibilities are then available to us, for example it can be a literal coded in ASCII, a length of 8 (1 character = 1 byte), or a whole number of type BIGINT. However, in the context of a cardinality 0,1, we will see that it is not always preferable to privilege the first method as it is the case for cardinality. For example, we may also provide, on the other hand, that it is not a multi-agent system in that it can be relatively simple, but

60

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

interact with other systems too complex to be explicitly taken into account in the model. The choice of a platform is generally motivated by its ease of handling and its ease of implementation of different agent models. We should also define the data models that the service should exchange with the personalization system. Agents could thus be created (by combining their functions and deploying them) automatically from modeling whose computer code functions would be refined in the development environment. For example, we may also provide that all occurrences of the over-type can be found in only one or a single sub-type. Let’s begin by giving a counter-example: a model of management can be an individual-centered model, insofar as each user corresponds to an object of the model and where it is characterized by individual data. On the other hand, an advent of a smart system, characterized by a major reliance on IT and software systems resources, poses new challenges for the evaluation of the dependability of the system as a whole.

CHAPTER

8

EXPLORING THE WEB WITH AGENTS Analysis of the agent interaction model has allowed us to identify other behaviors such as behaviors the coordinator must have in order to coordinate the agents. There are other problems, such as the security and confidentiality that were not addressed in this chapter and it would be very interesting to provide appropriate solutions. For example, we may also provide that, from a certain size and complexity, the computerization of a system requires a modeling process. For example, we may also provide modeling for a database at the logical level and move to SQL. In this part, we will see how to establish a data modeling at the logical (or relational) level from a conceptual model, then how to proceed to the stage creating tables, this assumes having prior knowledge of SQL queries for creating tables. On this basis, we aim to propose a suitable method for the analysis, design, and modeling of personalized information systems allowing both the development of a new information system and the personalization of a new information system and an existing information system. These functional evaluations therefore verify the adequacy of the functionalities of the services defined in the analysis phase and the services obtained. For example, we may also provide that cardinality is defined as: minimum: maximum. The most common cardinalities are: 0:N; 1:N; 0:1; 1:1. Following the results of the state of the art presented above, we propose to evaluate the opportunity of the platform to estimate the reliability and availability of Information Systems in support of a system.

62

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

Moreover, the tools provided provides this functionality and the functionality was not yet operational but the graphical interfaces were already developed. For example, we may also provide in a specification workshop, that the problem of distribution must be made transparent to the users. In other words, the attributes must depend on the totality of the keys. On the other hand, the behavior may require the “load user profile” task to run and then the “update profile” task. In the first case, the notation “super ()” makes it possible to call the constructor of the parent class. For example, we may also give an example of a message that can be sent by an external application. The principle is to hierarchically bind an agent (which must be selected from the window) to another specified in the change boss agent dialog. An intuitive solution to these problems would be to add a control to make sure that the destination agent has learned all the functions before the source agent gets destroyed. For example, we may also provide a textual interaction and the user wishing to interact with these agents must use specific commands. On the other hand, the use of the GUID or UUID type as the key of a table is a madness whose consequences are catastrophic. For example, A is a matrix in which each element represents a value of rank with respect to a type of preference and a type of context. The model A therefore corresponds to the case where the service already exists but that the type of personalization to realize has never been put in place. For example, we may also provide term-weighting approaches in automated text retrieval. This means that the reliability and availability of the different endpoints depends on the performance of all components and adaptive user interfaces. On the other hand, some people sometimes disregard the parent relationship in the case of inheritance by partition, and simply create the relationship between users as separate relationships that do not share common data. As with the request primitive, when there are multiple parameters, they can be structured in XML format. The architecture of these agents consists of two parts: the first part is in charge of the communication with the external applications and the second part deals with the interaction with the coordinating agent. For example, we may also provide a personalization in information systems for the majority and therefore we may recommend to the current user the solution most chosen by other users.

Exploring the Web with Agents

63

On the other hand, that is only possible if certain conditions are met: the system is continuously improved to cope with and integrate new technologies; the system is developed in a spirit of future maintenance; and the system is maintained with regard to future maintenance. Therefore, a design phase requires methods to put in place a model on which we will rely. For example, we may also provide levels and categories that include: perfective maintenance, adaptive maintenance, corrective maintenance, and preventive maintenance. The music agenda service illustrates the customization of an existing service. For example, we may also illustrate the different diagrams and their order of use in the phase of behavioral design of the agents. The example in the last part of this paper will allow us to illustrate more clearly the nature of the possible analysis. In general, it is difficult to collect specific reliability and availability data from physical or software failures of information systems and this is the validation phase of the functionalities of the developed system. In addition to these validation tests, non-regression tests should be performed to re-check a system that has potentially changed. Take the example of a developer who has to computerize the IS of a music system. This coordinator is also involved in the transition of the different messages that agents can exchange to meet a global goal. For example, we may also provide an association between an agent and a behavior that means that the agent has this behavior. This involves expressing the static and dynamic models that will be translated directly into executable codes in the implementation phase of the service. We then have a study of the different elements but also a study of the interactions between these different elements compared to this criterion. Remember, cooperation between users facilitates cooperation between users, and messaging tools should therefore be implemented. Presumably, explicit demand may be the best way to collect high-quality information, which may reflect important aspects, subtle needs, and user preferences. While starting with an inventory of the methods and tools for the simulation of reliability and availability of IT and the system in the distribution network, this article is also focused on the study of reliability of information systems in support of systems using a platform. The techniques used today are able to take into account the uncertainties related to the nature of these failures. For example, at its launch, the administrative agent connects to the coordinating agent to be able to

64

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

communicate. reused as much as possible the existing agent. We can, for example, use the distance D (x, y) = xi-yi. A Java XML object, for example, will not be recognized during SOAP communication as a C # XML object. Inheritance therefore makes sense when multiple entities have similar properties.

CHAPTER

9

AN INTELLIGENT GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE Agent identification begins with a functional description of the system through a hierarchical series of use case diagrams. For example, we may also provide a criteria for the comparative study of personalization systems and this section presents the criteria used for the comparative study of personalization systems. On the other hand, a WAE (Web Application Extension) method is a dedicated method for developing web applications. Remember, a domain is a breakdown of the information system of the company, defined in a master plan according to its strategy. For example, we may also provide collaborative filtering based on the unique behaviors of the users. We propose, in this part, another method which does not require an explicit knowledge of the preferences of the users to predict a user choice. A user therefore contributes to the development of personalized information systems and information system design for users in the music of people. Remember, the advent of a smart system, characterized by a major reliance on computer and software systems means, poses new challenges for the evaluation of the operating safety of the system as a whole. These skills allows the system to therefore send queries that wait for a response without being blocked indefinitely in case it does not receive a response. This chapter therefore presents a list of the main UML diagrams. Reproduction allows an agent to create other agents with the same functions. An example of such a base is a basis for modeling certain systems

66

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

of the network. Therefore, generic competencies incorporate the proposed personalization methods. For example, we may also provide a description of ergonomic assessment methods representative of existing methods. In parallel with these evaluations, non-regression tests must be carried out to check the proper functioning of the system as a whole. During important calculations, the risks of breakdowns increase and if one wants to guarantee a higher level of fault tolerance, it is necessary to be able to restart the calculations in the event of a failure. You will therefore notice, that this association is characterized by these annotations 1:1 and 0:N which allowed us to define the rules of previous management. A methodology for the development of personalized information systems has applications for an information system serving users of the system of music. These tests mainly concern usability of the systems by collecting the comments and remarks of some users in the laboratory and the company. The aim is therefore to refine models from the agent analysis phase to produce models that can be directly translated into code. Stereotypes are therefore usually represented by a string of characters in quotation marks (““) or a new icon. For example, we may also provide, between the line of an account entity and the account entity, the relation is specifically “contains lines of writing” because the purpose of an account is precisely to make it possible to list the entries and to calculate an accounting balance. We are therefore looking for the opportunity to solve these difficulties and to adopt more realistic representations of the IS so that our models can evolve. For example, apart from the user’s music personalization, we may not consider the other music personalization’s that are located near a user. It all depends on the actual organizational model built into the agents. The Search Result, FSearchResult, Search Choice, Search Customize, and other classes therefore provide a conversion of associations having only cardinalities of type 0/1, N. An association with cardinalities 0, N or 1, N on either side therefore becomes a relation whose key consists of the identifiers of entities linked by these associations. It is therefore possible to specify that these collections are sorted by adding ordinates. When running prototypes, the multi-sessions will therefore allow a user to simultaneously see the executions of his models with his animation which leaves the possibility to act on the model to change or direct the model. Indeed, some characteristics relating to agents are more or less easy

An Intelligent Graphical User Interface

67

to implement depending on the development platform used. The concepts known to the users (business objects) and the application concepts related to the computerization also make it possible to identify the candidate classes. For example, to achieve a personalized music search service, a first iteration could be the realization of a prototype of a music search application that collects the preferences of the user, a second iteration could concern the personalization of the results according to the preferences of the user, and a third iteration could lead to an explanation of the results provided. In order to test the service, we should therefore develop an emulator to simulate the sending of a SMS on a mobile phone. On the other hand, this is the main disadvantage of this method. In this chapter, the novelty is to study the software system according to its architecture and to express how entities (called objects later) interact to fulfill a function. Here is an example of a trigger with a stored procedure checking the presence of an instance for a given identifier in the table: / * Stored procedure loading the check */ CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION verif_id () RETURNS TRIGGER AS $$ DECLARE nb INT; BEGIN SELECT INTO num COUNT (*) FROM IsMusic WHERE id_ music = NEW.Music; IF (num > = 1) THEN/* The RAISE EXCEPTION will block further processing including INSERT */RAISE EXCEPTION impossible!’; END IF; RETURN NEW; END; $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;/* Trigger that will fire before each INSERT in the table */ CREATE TRIGGER verify_id BEFORE INSERT ON author FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE verify_id (); For this example, I have chosen the PL/PgSQL language that is specific to the PostgreSQL RDBMS. Authors differentiate the incremental model from the scalable model by specifying that in the incremental model all software versions must be scheduled before the cycles start. It would therefore be very beneficial for the “my music service” information system to use the data provided by this field of data for interacting with computers.

68

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

For example, we may also provide a production that gives rise to a file of realization and for the web, a link exists to visualize the plan. On the other hand, the choice of separation is motivated by our goal of customizing an already existing IS and these identifiers will therefore also be respective foreign keys. Therefore, these changes represent new sources of uncertainty to be incorporated into the safety assessments that are central to operational decisions or planning for a smarter distribution system. On the other hand, some attributes or methods may be specific to a specialized class. For example, we may also provide web services techniques and tools: XML, UML, WSDL, and SOAP. On the other hand, this application focuses on the development of a personalized information system in the field of music. For example, we may also provide a modeling process that aims to better define the limits of the system to be realized and these modeling processes are rarely changed. On the other hand, architectures for the development of a personalized IS is a module that manages the referencing of user data that is not stored at the level of the profile data database. The other major advantage of a multidimensional model is that it is dedicated to decision makers in the organization. Decision makers in the organization can create and remove agents, and act on each of them to remove him or add one or more functions. The terms generally used are customizable and adaptable. Therefore, we are also gradually entering into the third generation of methodologies and the information system is today a central element in the functioning of an organization. The knowledge of a line of account makes it possible to go up without error to the account. Example: Account 000001 and Account 000012 are 2 occurrences of the Account entity. To facilitate these uses, a customization system is proposed in the chapter. The analysis of the history could, for example, inform the system that the user lives in city 1 and works in city 2, because the user leaves the morning in city 1 and returns in the evening to city 2 except the holidays where it remains city 2. These areas are particularly relevant to information system analysis and design, object-oriented development, web application development, software-based system analysis, and design. These services also illustrate a system’s ability to customize with different communication channels and interaction platforms.

An Intelligent Graphical User Interface

69

The case data dictionary of the standard library according to the techniques is represented in the following chapter. It includes: the assessment of the conformity of the results; ordering, installation, inspection and receipt of equipment; setting up new procedures related to organizational changes; organization and conduct of user and operator training; the execution of user tests; and provisional acceptance. The following chapter also provides examples of some of the most used methods for assessments. We have thus been able to consolidate our convictions concerning organizations and the development of projects of different typologies, including cooperation projects through the project management capability of project management. Most personalization systems are capable of performing personalized information retrieval on the basis of the information pertaining to the information services. For example: Agent X performs action A because it wants to get effect E. For example, we may also provide that, to remove a function from an agent, we simply select the agent in the agent connected window and delete, through the context menu (or the general menu), the skill selected in the agent functions window. Therefore, the goal of the project is to provide an open common platform for software agents to be able to assist the user while preserving the confidentiality of information on the user. The development and physics views are therefore presented in this chapter for reasons of life cycle completeness and UML diagrams. On the other hand, most of the methods used for content customization are statistical methods; unlike those used for container customization, which generally use symbolic learning methods. Several steps are therefore necessary; and these successive steps make it possible to refine the level of details of the systems to be realized. For example, we may also provide the communication agent architecture and its interactions with external applications and with the coordinating agents. Agents’ models, behaviors, connections, and agent deployments are identified at this level. Indeed, the definition of links between entities makes it possible to translate a part of the management rules that have not been satisfied by the simple definitions of the entities. For each type of preference P, its value A is a vector of I where each element represents a value of preference for a type of context C. This method should enable and facilitate both the development of a new information system and the customization of an existing information system. As a general rule, any entity becomes a relation whose key is the identifier of that entity.

70

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

Several use cases have therefore been designed to meet these needs. Specifically, it instantiates a platform containing an agent named communicator. For example, we may also provide modeling elements in these methods. This section therefore aims to present the formalisms used by these methods in the analysis and design phases. On the other hand, there are also material and software views of the use case information. For example, we may also provide system frames surrounding the various software that recall the machine that supports them. Therefore, we may also provide life cycle support in the environment. Remember, the analysis and design methods specific to computerization of information systems is adopted in this context. In these cases, the notation “super.P ()” makes it possible to explicitly call the operation of the parent class “P” in the body of the operation of the child class. A constraint therefore specifies a rule that the model must check to be semantically valid. Even though these tests use simulated data at the level of the personalize module, they are useful because, for example, these tests allow us to add attributes (reason, value) in the choice class of the data model of the responses. For example, we may also provide that, if the multiplicity is valued at a given number N, we use a table of references which is noted like this: “Table [N].” In this context, they would facilitate the right choice in terms of mode of music, type of music, etc., according to the capabilities and preferences of each user. On the other hand, if the model is spatialized, it means that there is a modeling of the space, implicit or explicit. The same model can obviously play these functions. To our knowledge, there is no adaptation or extension to take into account the development of applications based on XML. For example, we may also provide work that is usually done by an ergonomist and this also relates to another music agenda developed specifically to be accessible on PDAs as part of the multimodality of music project. Let’s take our example: Person (id_p, lastname_p, firstname_p, date_ birth_p) Registered (id_p #, street_i, town_i, email_i, tel_i) Caption: x: relation x: primary key x #: foreign key. Thus to satisfy the constraints of totality, exclusion or partition it will be necessary to set up additional treatments at the level of the base of preference with triggers and stored procedures. This system is therefore developed to provide personalized information and combine multiple modes of music. For example, we may

An Intelligent Graphical User Interface

71

also provide that these relationships come from both entities and also associations, in some cases. The principle of the service is therefore to automatically provide the music to a user following his schedule against a standard calendar. For example, the public service Team getChildren (String agentName) is used to obtain the list of child agents in a hierarchical organization of a given agent and the public service void addFunction (String AgentName, String function, String teachAgent) allows you to tell an agent (agentName) to learn a function that another agent has (teachAgent). For example, we may also provide a node that is a physical device where one or more agents can run. Remember that in this case, the association cannot be a data carrier. On the other hand it takes place in several stages with a general study of the future. This study is therefore done by following the following phases: construction of the sequence diagram of functional procedures, realization of the table of the functional procedures, and a construction of the traffic graph. The recorded data are therefore quite reliable since they come from real user behavior. For example, we may also provide that the actual achievement of the different phases may vary slightly from what we will describe below. Also, when the user requests the administrative agent to perform the action C by the agent A, this request is transmitted to the coordinating agent who sends it back to the agent A. The requests of the user are thus anticipated to accelerate the construction of the interface to be sent to the client and a command has 1 or more command lines. For example, we may also provide a framework of reference for the study of software engineering methods for the development of personalized information systems. On the other hand, we therefore have an intellectual obstacle and it is not easy to define the relevant concepts and the vocabulary appropriate to the actions. As we have seen above, different techniques are available in a process of personalization of the human-machine interactions: personalization methods, information gathering, and types of personalization’s. The goal is therefore to filter performances to inform users of the performances that affect them. For example, we may also provide a first graphical view that shows the software, the data flow, and the list of networks, whereas the second graphical view only shows all the machines. As part of this project, we may also develop demonstrators involving a strong penetration of distributed generation on distribution networks by

72

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

introducing control and storage. The cardinality of an entity in a relationship therefore measures the maximum and minimum participation of the entity in the relationship. On the other hand, perfective maintenance involves improving the operation of the software. The hard part is to force application designers to have a good method. We have just presented in this chapter the existing state of today’s information systems, as well as the openness perspectives offered by current research. The customization system is therefore developed once and the applications that want to provide personalized interaction with the personalization system that is already operational are integrated. These agents therefore work together to try to reduce response times to the user. These methods have been well adopted by these users who frequently say that these methods have helped them in the development of their applications.

CHAPTER

10

COMPUTER DESIGN

Many UML representations are used and the class diagrams represent the organization of the classes, the interaction diagrams (sequence or collaboration) show the dynamics of exchanges between the classes by putting into value of the utility of the different operations, activity diagrams are used to detail methods, state diagrams represent the mechanisms of a state class, and the component diagrams model the software configurations of the subsystems. The development model favoring incremental development also motivates these choices. The activity diagrams describe the actions of the different agents who cooperate to achieve a goal. A few types of collaborative filtering are distinguished: collaborative filtering based on memory which has the advantage of being relatively simple to implement and takes into account the scalability of the profile of the user. At the conceptual level, one should rather speak of standard entities, the entities being in fact instances of standard entities. For example, we may also provide that we check the compliance of the HTML code produced with Internet Explorer and with Firefox. On the other hand an encapsulation property is very important because by choosing which attributes and operations are visible to all, the designer defines the API (Application Programming Interface) of the system.

74

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

These solutions are generally preferable because it avoids expensive joins between parent tables. During design, the software architecture of the system includes the organization of the specified software parts with the terms used by the developers: assembly, package, component, connector, and so on. In particular, and in the context of development, it appears that the proposal of providing information to users via a single and personalized portal would be likely to favor the use of music, and thus try to reduce the modal share in displacement. For example, we may also provide treatments to realize these attributes and methods. On the other hand, these treatments concretize, for example, the application of the verification rules during the entry, or the development of attributes obtained by calculations (aggregates, cumulations, age calculated by difference between the date of birth and the current date, etc.). Finally, the data which represent the values taken by the various attributes are stored in databases, according to architectures and formats that the model will have to specify. For example, we may also provide NoSQL databases that allow a user to create fields as data is added (this is what called a “schema-free” or “simplified schema” database). Remember, IT means: infrastructure that allows the exchange of information; and information systems that constitute all the resources (hardware, software, procedures, etc.) for acquiring, processing, storing and communicating information. After checking the consistency of these data, we therefore send them to the appropriate components. On the other hand, this information will be realized from the data dictionary. The presentation of the class diagram is therefore done in two parts: basic concepts and advanced concepts. On the other hand, a complex interactions between IT and the system that uses them are difficult to predict and represent. Each component is therefore characterized by a specific format; this one comprises first an identifier, then a list of variables observed on the real being that the component represents with attributes (Figures 10.1–10.11).

Computer Design

75

Figure 10.1: ArgoUML Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en. Author: Crochet.david.bot.

Figure 10.2: ArgoUML Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en. Author: Crochet.david.bot.

Figure 10.3: ArgoUML Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en. Author: Crochet.david.bot.

76

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

Figure 10.4: Europe web browser usage (Source Stat Counter) Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Crochet.david.bot.

Figure 10.5: Usage share of web browsers (Source Net Applications) Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en. Author: Perseo~commonswiki

Figure 10.6: ArgoUML Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en. Author: Crochet.david.bot.

Computer Design

77

Figure 10.7: Singleton class Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unportedhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: TheMandarin.

Figure 10.8: State Design Pattern UML Class Diagram Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: JoaoTrindade at English Wikipedia.

Figure 10.9: Builder class Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: TheMandarin.

78

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

Figure 10.10: UML Shema of an ODL database Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ deed.en Author: Kevin Prud’homme.

Figure 10.11: Prototype Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Nvineeth.

CHAPTER

11

METHODOLOGY PHASES INVOLVED ANALYSIS SPECIFICATION All the information retrieved by one or other of the solutions presented above is then stored by the system to constitute a model of the user. Modeling of modules and executables is expressed through component diagrams. For example, we may also provide a model of the user with the aim of personalization. On the other hand, there are also specialized agents for updating user profiles. Several works are therefore in progress for the personalization of music information. For example, we may also provide that, based on the information from the agents on the client, we have real-time knowledge of the user’s activities. An integration phase is therefore sometimes made explicit when it comes to combining two development processes relating to two different domains. The description of the use cases can therefore be supplemented by dynamic diagrams. On the other hand, we start by looking for the objects of the system and their interactions. Thus, being graphic, UML makes it possible to visualize the realized system; the model is divided into views selecting the relevant elements and then diagrams of different types. For example, we may also provide a development model of the method. For example, we may also provide a method that is a multi-agent system that links user queries to corresponding service providers.

80

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

Therefore, we provide diagrams for modeling a system from specification to implementation. This study has therefore shown that existing systems are typically for a particular type of customization and incorporate fixed personalization methods. The current tools do not allow a user to dynamically change the behaviors of agents running to meet our goal of scalability of the system, but the characteristics of the agents predispose these tools to integrate this functionality. For example, we may also provide that they must not be composed, and that the composite data must be obtained by the concatenation of basic data kept in the database. In the case of generalization specialization, the work to be done is to check the visibility of the attributes for the child classes. The integration of a system with a real SMS server should therefore not be particularly difficult because web services allow interaction in SOAP messages for sending SMS to a particular phone. Experience with personalization on a system provides examples of a message sent by an application external to the communication agent. For example, we may also provide primitives that allow synchronous communication and the others allow asynchronous communication. Of course, the second phase of this function is to write queries in this model. For example, we may also provide a diagram of use cases of the service of a search of music that is seen from the angle of personalization. By analyzing this diagram of the use cases and by following the rules of the method for the analysis of the models of agents, we therefore obtain an agent model for music search and an agent model for user profile management. Then, if we still have to go down, for example we may also provide a collection of input fields that is part of a page and a Bayesian network modeling the relations between the preferences of the user and his choices with respect to a type of action. The idea is therefore to use the Bayes formula. To create an analogy with urbanism, one can compare the modeling of a process to the plans that an architect must draw to prepare the construction of a building. Static modeling relies on: the class diagrams for the representation of the entities known to the users, the object-oriented code structure, the agent structure and the agent behavior structure; the object diagrams used to illustrate the class structures in order to check the suitability of a class diagram to different possible cases; the use case diagram for the representation of the functionalities required by the users of the system; the component diagram for the representation of the structure of operating

Methodology Phases Involved Analysis Specification

81

components such as dynamic libraries, database instances, distributed objects, software packages, executables, etc.; and the deployment diagram which allows the representation of the physical layout of the materials that make up the system, the distribution of components and dishes and forms allowing the execution of the agents on these materials and the physical location of the agents on the hardware devices. For example, we may also provide methods and formal and semi-formal models of design and evaluation of human-machine systems. In the first case, these music information systems could provide accurate and reliable information on the types of music and possible music personalization on the networks. The analysis of log files therefore most often requires heavy processing and if the information is provided through a web portal, the user can search for an alternative music. On the other hand, to name a concept, you have to know what it is. For an agent to be moved, it must have the function. It will therefore be by reorganization, refining and relative elimination that the model, which is built in this chapter, will be called upon to evolve. For example, we have proposed integrated modeling incorporating both the electrotechnical representations of the music networks as well as the underlying software systems. However, the value of this type of information is not always reliable because there is no guarantee that the answers given by the user to the registration forms will be true. In the second case, it is important to remember the effect of “dynamic or late binding” (always active in Java): if an operation defined in a class is redefined in a child class, and if it is a reference on an object of type of the child class that is used, then it is the operation of the child class (that is, the operation of the specialized class) that is called. On the other hand, relationships defined by the interfaces between the machines and the software or between the networks and the data flows are entered via a tabular interface. Under Oracle, you should create a sequence yourself. For example, we may also provide the different diagrams and their order of use in the design phase of the service and the addition of an object, its removal is independent of the “life” of other related entities, and design web applications with UML. There are therefore a number of UP methods such as AUP (Agile Unified Process), RUP (Rational Unified Process), EUP (Enterprise Unified Process), or ICONIX Unified Process. The jazz, rock, soul, blues, classical, classic

82

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

rock, etc. modes of music could also be taken into account. The information and communications technology offer the ability to access masses more and more information on more and more varied media and supporting more and more different modes of interaction. My research is an extension of a design phase that contains all the technological choices that can then be implemented. For example, we may also provide custom information systems that apply to an information system serving the users of music. However, it is not necessary to specify all the services to be customized in an IS. A system can be used in a server with multi-users and multiapplication. So far the results of these assessments have been used to justify operational or planning decisions such as identifying reinforcement strategies, choosing appropriate network activities, or even arbitrating between different maintenance or repair. For example, we may also provide dynamic function learning, and support to agent evolution. On the other hand, the definitions given above suggest the complexity of the information system, and the definitions of which will be expressed using different architectures. For example, we may also provide a system to be simulated from a relational point of view. In addition to the advantages enjoyed by the enduser (same profile for the different applications, use by the system of user experiences from one application to another, etc.), the costs of developing personalized applications are significantly reduced. On the other hand, the system may provide methodologies and WAE aspects for technologies and representations. Heterogeneity, on the other hand, makes it more difficult to manage overall results. Therefore, a sophisticated system is needed to enable the repatriation of results files. The principle is to predict the behavior of a user by comparing the behavior of other users with the same preferences for a given context. For example, we may also provide architectures and methods for the development of custom SI with roles to respond to information retrieval queries of the coordinating model agents and to prevent them from any modification of relevant data. We present in this section the principles of modeling, then the four roles of the model of a system (validate, specify, guide, and document), and then we justify the interest of object-oriented modeling, around the concept of an object to connect the model to the real world.

Methodology Phases Involved Analysis Specification

83

For example, we may also provide an empirical analysis of predictive algorithms for collaborative filtering and the description of the data and the treatments are therefore succinct. This phase can start at the end of the functional analysis step

CHAPTER

12

AGENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

Many schoolbooks and teachers teach that one of the attributes of the relationship is the person or the person who has the key. For example, we may also provide a part that is provided as a Java API that can be imported into a Java application independently. It is clear that this approach makes it possible to create a communication code based on the meaning medium form that has no cultural limitation and can be perceived by all actors at different levels of project and cooperation involvement. On the other hand, a functional integrity constraint between several entities expresses that one of the objects is totally identified and dependent on by another entity. For example, we may also model elements with these methods. For example, we may also provide that the system does not prevent, in addition, displacements along any axes of direction, to have attributes giving real coordinates and to manage distance calculations. These techniques are therefore generally used to simplify data collection by form. Simulation time is also considered to be a continuous variable essentially in the case of compartmental models for which flows are expressed using differential equations. These models and methods are therefore generally adapted to answer a specific problem concerning a particular type of customization. The advantage of explicit modeling is that it is translated in the action model by a data structure allowing fast and easy access to the neighboring

86

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

entities a given entity via attributes giving the index of the cell to which the entity belongs. For example, the Java language adds to the three visibilities studied here (private, protected, public) with the “package” visibility. For example, we may also model the user with the aim of personalization with acquaintances: agent profile acquaintance coordinators, agent coordinators, agent profiles, and agent coordinator profiles. A rational agent follows the following principle: if an agent knows that one of his actions allows him to achieve one of his goals, he selects it. We may also draw up the specifications for the realizations and select a subcontractor or software package. For example, we may also provide a start in parallel with the system parts at the end of the service analysis phase. On the other hand, each entity is unique and is described by a set of properties still called attributes or characteristics. The realization of that fact recalls that the conceptual model of the data which describes the data and the different relations which binds them was realized with the software engineering workshop, and support of the methods. For example, we may also provide configuration settings used for interface customization, information content, or navigation (such as Yahoo, or Google, for example) that can be used to infer user preferences. We use the extensions proposed by AUML to represent certain concepts (choosing one agent among others, sending competing messages, etc.) specific to software agents. On the other hand, the administration of formalisms is a crucial problem in a specification workshop, therefore do not create repetitive properties in an entity or a relationship. For example, we may also provide a system dedicated to information retrieval in dynamic environments in constant evolution, that is heterogeneous and distributed. We therefore use the UML representation formalism for system modeling in its different phases. The data below presents a projection of the use cases on the component layers on an architecture model. This method has been considered among others as MaSE (Multiagent System Engineering) because it is based on Agent Unified Modeling Language (AUML), a UML extension widely adopted by the community working on software agentbased systems. Personalization in information systems is therefore provided by a user profile server and entities and properties can be therefore be historized. It is important to note that the knowledge base is based on a number of simplifying assumptions. For example, we may also provide component diagrams resulting from the analysis phase that will be completed and

Agent Research and Development

87

specified after the design of all the classes useful for the development of the service. Indeed, we use an agent to say that the agent provided his functions to a service and a methodology for the development of personalized information systems therefore provides applications to an information system serving users of music. Initially, through its user-centered approach, personalization in HumanComputer Interaction can be seen as very complementary to current research on plasticity, which for the moment most often focuses on adaptation to the platform and the interaction environment. Therefore, we generate hypotheses concerning the user’s beliefs based on the observation of his actions. We distinguish three kinds of data: static databases (music stations, music genres, etc.); databases on user information (name, age, sex, etc.); and real-time databases linked to the static databases. Moreover, several data can be sourced as data can be a goal. For example, we may also provide a main difference that relates to the representation dimension. On the other hand, WAE provides much more precise formalisms for the modeling of web applications in particular that can be generalized to server-client applications. Let’s go back to our previous example and adapt it to the total constraint: with this example, a song is always downloaded on an internal service or purchased by a supplier. For example, we may also design web applications with UML. Therefore, the design models the technical solution; it is followed by the realization of the software according to the solution. This avoids overloading the coordinating agent and allows for a better structuring of the system for maintenance purposes. Sensitivity studies of infrastructure reliability may also be conducted using the proposed approaches and calculated: resulting from processing on several raw values. For example, we may also provide, from the summary objective sheet and current management rules, an inventory of the future management rules and put them on a sheet of future management rules. The operations with their algorithm are therefore described in the following chapters. On the other hand, a unified process is also called a UP (Unified Process) and is a software development process built on UML (Unified Modeling Language) with the ability of the system to distribute its different modules. These types of methods can be combined and the use of these terms was introduced. For example, we may also provide that attributes concerned are references for associations; and operation calls are made. However, the

88

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

decisions made when building the diagrams of these views depends a lot on the technologies used. The authors therefore emphasize the need for an ability to interact and learn (functions) for a software agent. For example, we may also provide the use of a communication language and make it possible to maintain the integrity of the applications. These predictions are calculated by analyzing the behavior of other users with the same preferences as him. Social-based systems, also known as collaborative filtering systems, do not rely on the current user’s unique profile analysis for customization but rely on the experience of other users. Therefore, compartments are characterized by structural attributes and qualitative attributes intended to be communicated to the submodule of the sub-model. On the other hand, a property represents the finest element of the information system. For example, we may also provide that, by separating messages from the body of applications, we obtain applications that are easier to translate into different languages (multi-linguistic). On the other hand, a person is either a music author or a music registrant. For this purpose, it completely defines: the data storage structure of the data (files or database); the internal architecture of the system; the security procedures; and the plan of realization. Ergonomic assessments are therefore then dedicated to the verification of utility and usability of the proposed services. For example, we may also provide a generic design for a music search service -instance: music = null + getMusic (): Music if (instance == null) instance = new Music (); return instance. Remember, a label allows the definition of a new property of a model element. The study of methods representative of the fields of application likely to intervene in the development of personalized information system shows that these methods, taken separately, do not fully meet all the criteria associated with the dimensions above.

CHAPTER

13

UNIFIED PROCESS DEGREE OF INVOLVEMENT

Some researchers have already examined certain aspects of these problems. For example, we may also provide and show a music search page for viewing and modifying user preferences. Often, these concepts are introduced into class diagrams after the first iteration. There are also several methods of analysis. These tests concern the collection of service response times for a music search request. The repetition of this process makes it possible to define a hierarchy of classes. For example, we may also provide a method for the analysis, design and modeling of personalized information systems. We may also illustrate how user queries are passed to an agent. The customization methods discussed above are part of the social filtering methods based on memory. They interact with other agent models to update their knowledge base about the information accessed by the system (interaction with agents in the data search model) and about user preferences (interaction with agents the profile management model). For example, if a musical live performances search agent (a search for musical live performances information in the agglomeration) must cooperate with a filtering agent to inform the music users of the possible musical live performances, then the agents are coordinated at the level of the coordinating officer. For example, we may also provide types of customizations and systems perform customization against the container

90

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

and others focus mainly on customizing the content. On the other hand, the formalisms used are based on those of UML and its extensions. The formalisms used are independent of the machines used which allows UML to get rid of a given architecture or type of machine. On the other hand, a technical requirements capture and generic design templates remain the same as those for the live performance search service. For example, we may also provide a modeling process that aims at obtaining an acceptable solution of the computer system. Of course, it will not be a question of systematically using all these methods. It is therefore important to have criteria in place to select the appropriate method that can facilitate the analysis, design and modeling of a personalized information system. On the other hand, plasticity and context awareness complement the adaptivity by considering in personalization not only the user but the context of interactions. The filtering of platforms with respect to the user is not yet implemented. On the other hand, it is the analysis of the different agents that are useful for customization purposes. For example, we may also provide development that was done using the methods and using customization systems. The peculiarity of these services lies in the provision of results that are personalized to the preferences of the user. On the other hand, a category therefore deals with the automatic modification of the human-machine interaction with respect to the user’s profile. Remember, all algorithms of the main operations, those that are not trivial, must be written during the design phase. For example, we may also provide a second part that is provided as a Java API and can be used independently to communicate a java application with the agents built with the platform. On the other hand the first service concerns music search in a “classic” way, as it is generally present in music information systems. The identifier of an association having cardinalities 0:N/1:N on both sides is therefore obtained by the concatenation of the entities participating in the association. In addition to the norms and methods of calculation, it is also possible to mention software for simulating software systems networks that makes it possible to determine the predictable system performance. We may also show that there are no or very few customization systems that meet these characteristics. The phases must therefore be crossed several times to reach a personalized service. We will explain later what we mean by adaptation and configuration in this specific case of a system based on software agents.

Unified Process Degree of Involvement

91

For example, we may also provide a classification of threats to IT systems. As can be seen, potential malfunctions related to the use of ITs are quite varied in nature. It is also in this step that the data models exchanged between the service and the personalization system are defined. For example, we may also provide load tests to establish the breaking point or the relative performance curve of the system. It’s long, iterative and often creative. On the other hand, we talk about associative relationships. We plan to remedy this by providing a mechanism to reset a cache of functions. Studies have been conducted on the effects of a human representation of the agent. On the other hand, personalization in electronic information systems functions aimlessly, and at least half of the users of the web provide false information. For example, we may also provide a software agent-based tour guide that provides users with personalized information about a tablet. However, you can find similar or equivalent syntaxes on a large part of known RDBMSs. The uniqueness of the case study in the system then in the design offices and the practical work makes it possible to reinforce the coherence between the different sessions and to show on a somewhat realistic example, that is to say of a not insignificant size, the methodology. We call the service of an agent, the know-how of an agent that it makes available to other agents. The production of the software must therefore facilitate future maintenance. Moreover, the written code is evaluated qualitatively during what is called a code review. There is also the question of measuring software reliability. In the case where the communication language does not allow the representation of a result, the interoperability is faulted. All these actions are performed before the actual execution of the agents. For example, we may also provide a contribution to a model-based method for the specification and design of interactive systems. The application therefore detects whether compared to a schedule, the user is made to move by comparing the location of the user and the place where he planned the event. For example, we may also provide a category with concerns for the use cases for the manipulation of the user profile (“Manage profile,” “View profile,” “Change preferences” And “Delete profile”). For example, we may also provide a plausible reasoning for intelligent help. On the other hand,

92

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

users emphasize ease of use and its usefulness (if it facilitated the creation and deployment of their agents) in the development of their applications. By convention, one therefore chooses to place it on the side of the relation corresponding to the entity having the most connections with the others. Remember, UML is the most widely used modeling notation in the world. The service is therefore developed according to the conceptual models defined during the service design phase. The generation of a prototype does not only include the prototype code, but also external data. On the other hand, criteria such as the moment of user involvement and the degree of user involvement in the methodology dimension or the consideration of client-server technology are more or less taken into account by the methods. The user registers to the service by giving his personal data. Remember, a Key or a Reference is a rubric allowing to identify one occurrence among all. An adequate method for the development of personalized information system should answer three dimensions: the methodology dimension to describe the different phases and their sequences for the development of the application, the technology dimension to take into account the techniques used for customization such as the software agent-based approach, the client-server mode or the use of XML, and the representation dimension for application specification and modeling. The solutions proposed today are only sketches of an approach that, on the other hand, seems important to pursue and deepen. For example, we may also provide use and their concatenations in the behavioral design phase. The main objective of our work is therefore to propose a method adapted to the development of personalized information systems. Some agent models (information retrieval, profile management, user interaction, and co-ordination) are commonplace in the majority of agentbased architectures of personalization systems. This modeling should therefore make it possible to revisit not only the classical management of projects but to provide a framework for the interconnection of the project with its environment. There may be several building attitudes of the knowledge base. In this chapter, we will therefore describe the method we propose, for the analysis, design and modeling of personalized information systems. This allows us to observe the various failures that lead to the loss of the chosen element. The ultimate goal is to offer these models as generic

Unified Process Degree of Involvement

93

functions that can be learned by software agents and, being discrete events, when they occur, the variations are calculated instantaneously. For this reason, aggregation refers to the composition by reference, and the composition is called the composition by value. For example, we may also promote the reuse of these models through the construction of pattern design and frameworks. On the other hand, a history keeps track of the user’s interactions with the custom information system and this is the most frequent maintenance category. For example: the agent wants to classify U in an age group A. The sequence diagram of this models the creation of a bulletin and we therefore introduce the function note defined where S is the set of choices of the user for the type of preference P and C is a standardization constant. Each dimension includes criteria defined according to characteristics generally found in the development of personalized information systems. These methods should therefore enable and facilitate both the development of a new information system and the customization of an existing information system. The important advantage of this technique is that it allows to customization that is often discussed in the information, interfaces, and database communities. For example, we may also provide the additional features needed to complete the music agenda and agents do not need to know each other. On the other hand, a property must have unique occurrences and must be a source of functional dependencies with all other properties of the entity. It should be noted that some logicians would have liked to have markers other than the NULL for a whole host of other reasons. On the other hand, many other personalized music information systems exist. For example, we may also provide that some of the obstacles that have to be addressed to improve the value of such an approach are also emerging from the work and all software components will be installed on the servers. Here is how one could represent an inheritance: in this part, the types of the properties appear (this is due to the software used which is more adapted to represent the inheritance). As an example, we will quote SADT (Structured Analysis and Design Technique) which uses datagrams and actigrams for the modeling of the functionalities of the systems and which proposes a formalism for goal oriented analysis and modeling for the development of software agent-based systems.

94

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

On the other hand, research has led us to identify main technologies involved in the development of such customized information systems with an agent-oriented approach to personalization management and there is no single definition of the agent concepts. In this paper, we therefore briefly describe an example of an application for the development of a personalized service that takes into account different communication channels (SMS, mail, web) and different interaction platforms (PC and mobile phone). Much effort is being made at this level and the use of a rigorous and effective method that can reduce development costs and offering easy scalability is very significant. For example, we may also provide data that is therefore used to be displayed at the music search service web pages.\

CHAPTER

14

STRUCTURED PROGRAMMING

This chapter proposes generic models and methods, taking into account the context of interaction, for the representation of the user profile, for the collection of information on the user, and for the exploitation of the profiles. There are different types of inheritance: inheritance by disjunction (or exclusion), inheritance by cover (or totality), inheritance without constraints as we have described, and finally inheritance by partition (totality and exclusion). The aim of the use case we wish to model is to manage the regulation of the system by taking into account the high penetration of decentralized generation on the system and storage. Expertise therefore results from an accumulation of knowledge acquired during the research of development projects. On the other hand, there is not only transparency for the applications but also transparency for the users. Indeed, even if this agent integrates aspects of a system (he uses the system API to send the messages to the coordinating agent), its functioning and its internal structure are different from those of a system agent. A system therefore sends search to all possible music responding to the query and recommends music that may be of interest to the user. Other services that would require much more in-depth study or research could include the integration of contexts, such as climatic conditions, the physical or mental state of the user, into the personalization of music

96

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

information. The system therefore makes it possible to obtain the preference of the user (by assigning a numerical value I) with respect to a type of preferences P according to the context of interaction C. On the other hand, according to research, it is easier for a business user to correct an existing definition than to create one from scratch. For example, we may also provide data types: date: when the data is a date (in the format yyyy-mm-jj), numeric: when the data is composed only of numbers (integer or real), alphanumeric: when the data can be composed of both alphabetic and numerical characters, alphabetical: when the data is composed only of alphabetic characters (from ‘a’ to ‘z’ and from ‘a’ to ‘z’), Boolean: true or false, and size: it is expressed in number of characters or numbers. And the agents dedicated to the communication channels are therefore coordinated by the profile management agent that integrate a filtering model that takes into account the data, the users, and the interaction platforms. The concepts outlined above are exactly the same as the so-called objectoriented computer languages, such as C ++, Java, etc. The difference of the System class with a singleton class is at the object level sent when calling the “getInstance ()” method. This notion of personalization is an extension of a research trend that has been very active since the beginning of the 1980s in human-machine interaction, aimed at new increasingly adaptive and intelligent interactions. We therefore divide the user’s profile into three categories of information: static data, weighted data, and history. For example, we may also present the main features offered by the agents in terms of assistance: data filtering, adaptation of the interface, support for the execution of tasks, etc. On the other hand, we may also provide global knowledge of ontologies and respond to ontology queries. For example, we may also provide, when the music purchases are more significant both in terms of price and time, it is important that the music is provided in the best conditions. In the case of this system, this also allows you to quickly create an agent with identical functions from another already existing agent. For example, we may also provide an agent with functions to locate a document in the music library itself and control the harmonious development of collections by physical identification (description) and intellectual (content analysis and indexing) of all music documents. This method addresses the major drawback (need to specify the types of preferences that guide the behavior of users) of the first method we have proposed. Note that this agent

Structured Programming

97

could be used independently and could contribute to the improvement of the design environment by proposing a graphical interaction tool with agents. For example, we identify an apartment by a letter but we must know the floor number to find it (apartment A on the first floor). The chosen representation was thus seen in a rather “static” manner as opposed to a “dynamic” study where several alternative or backup configurations would have been taken into account. For example, for the Profile Management Agent, we therefore apply our proposed user model. Personalization is therefore a relevant approach to this challenge. For example, we may also provide a universal language for user interfaces. Otherwise, it is executed by a member of his hierarchy who has this function. If, in a self-centered model, there is no decision-making body other than the individuals themselves, that is, more precisely, if the behavior of each individual is only determined by himself and by his interactions with other individuals and the environment, these individuals are then called agents, and the model is properly called a multi-agent system. For example, we may also integrate the data access control policy contained in the user profile. We will return to this notion of relationship. For example, we may also provide that software analysis is a discipline aimed at evaluating the quality of software developments or at mathematically proving certain properties of the program. We therefore speak of customization (adaptation and customization), in opposition to the term personalization that we will see later, to emphasize the necessary interventions of the user. The master plan therefore gives rise to a document called a development plan. A prior study therefore applies to a domain or a major function of the company. However, this model has often shown its limitations in some information systems. As discussed, agent analysis consists of four stages: agent model analysis, behavior analysis, identification of acquaintances, and deployment information. Some also consider that two entities are connected by an association with cardinality 1:1 on both sides, must necessarily merge. We have therefore proposed a framework definition of the project system to adapt to the emerging performances of the environment in order to create, through innovation allowing a more efficient inter operator collaboration, more distributed co-decision making leading to control of information flows in and around the project.

98

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

For each datum, it therefore indicates a mnemonic code that it is a wording designating a datum (for example “title song” for the title of a song) and a designation that is a mention describing what the data corresponds to (e.g., “title of a song”) However, as we will see later, we, have an interesting vision of what a multidimensional model represents. Secondly, not presented in this chapter, design decisions can be made to take into account hardware and software constraints: languages, database, processors, peripherals, etc. The creation of agents, their deployment and the integration of their behavior will be done through agent administration tools and it is the entire source that must determine the purpose of a system. Therefore, this chapter shows part of the class diagram of a case study. For example, we may also provide the steps of the service analysis phase. The analysis phase therefore comprises four steps. For example, we may also provide a functional need capture and the needs capture describes the service to be developed. For example, it would be a good idea to add other features to the agenda service to not only offer itineraries but also to recommend to the user songs and/or music types in relation to their preferences related to the context of their music. The one that covers most themes could be the definition of this work that responds to the challenge of seeking optimization but also securing hardware and/or software architectures in the context of functions. An entity may therefore have no, one, or more occurrences. For example, we may also provide that their live performance is seen as long as the function of agenda remains inferior to a function of motivation to see the music, of the palatability of the music, and the fact that it is the day or the night. The music user does indeed wish to have at his disposal only a small amount of information, just those which are of direct interest to him. For each type of action A, therefore the set of possible choices is totally ordered and it is possible to determine the rank of a choice (behavior) of the user with respect to a type of context. This measure of reliability therefore takes into account the reliability of the physical components of the infrastructure. These tools therefore also make it possible to make calculations of reliability, availability, costs, and an implementation of the behaviors of the agents. For example, the waterfall model was introduced by Dr. Winston Royce in 1970 and extended by Boehm. Other tests allow the validation of certain phases of the process

Structured Programming

99

and unit tests generally cover each developed component or a limited collaboration of developed components (Figures 14.1–14.11)

Figure 14.1: UML2 Decorator Pattern Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en. Author: Nheirbaut at English Wikipedia.

Figure 14.2: Uml classes Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en. Author: SAGI.SUL.

100

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

Figure 14.3: FactoryMethod Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Liftarn.

Figure 14.4: UML History Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Dr. Michael Zapf.

Structured Programming

101

Figure 14.5: UML diagram Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Xrahv00.

Figure 14.6: UML packages Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: ГлебГН23.

102

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

Figure 14.7: UML State diagram Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en Author: Fred the Oyster.

Figure 14.8: Uml Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Reinaldo A. Barrêto Jr.

Structured Programming

103

Figure 14.9: UML Object version 3 of the GNU General Public License https:// www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl-3.0.html Author: David KELLER.

Figure 14.10: UML main Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Khandarenb.it.

Figure 14.11: UML Package version 3 of the GNU General Public License https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl-3.0.html Author: David KELLER.

CHAPTER

15

DATABASE OBJECT COMPONENT

The links that exist between the data are sometimes obvious and do not always require a modeling but this can be useful because it allows, among other things, a user to distinguish the future entities from the data. Take the example of a user who clicks on the Edit menu which gives the choice between a simple collage or a special collage. For example, we may also provide application agents that have been added to a system. Each cell therefore belongs to a facies defined by given proportions of different music search pages including visualization and modification of the user profiles. For example, we may also provide proposed models for service analysis and specification. The service analysis phase therefore consists of four steps: functional analysis, technical requirements capture, functional requirements capture, and generic design. This technique therefore allows us to capture certain specific actions that cannot always be done by practice: case studies and corrected exercises. These use cases will therefore drive the realization of all other phases of the cycle. These classes are therefore organized according to a logical grouping in the form of categories (packages). This environment therefore allows the construction of agents by defining the hierarchical organization of these agents, the accuracy of the hosting platform where they must run, the functions that each agent must have, and their deployment.

106

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

The peculiarity of this service lies in the provision of results that are personalized to the preferences of the user. From this we deduce the following algorithm: the arguments passed as parameters of the operation are used to initialize the corresponding attributes in the class. The master plan of the computer therefore allows us to consider scenarios which concern the domains. Objectives of this object-oriented modeling chapter are therefore to introduce a presentation in the chapter a case study implementation in the design offices with other case studies, introduce different types of diagrams with their notations, introduce complementary roles of diagram types, introduce consistency between diagrams of the same type or different types, introduce an evaluation of the acquisitions during a desk review with a fourth case study, present methodological elements of the use of different types of diagrams in a development process, introduce object-oriented modeling, introduce computer-based modeling, and introduce UML notation. The objective of this chapter is therefore also to introduce you to the concepts of computer system modeling, that is to say systems in which the logic is preponderant. The implementation of the system modules are not completely finalized in this phase. For example, the proposed system uses this agent reproduction principle to automatically instantiate an assistant agent to take care of the user during his connection to the system. For example, we may also provide a system that performs an analysis of the frequency of appearance of a word in the document that the user is viewing and makes a contextual recommendation. It would be therefore better to have an assistant who could act independently and especially at the same time as the user. By a similar reasoning as previously, to predict the user s choice for an action a, it suffices to take the act that maximizes: d = NumUsers (d, i) n 1+ NumUsers (p = p d = d) TotalUsers (i) TotalUsers (p, d) p = 1 and P (u = d) = NumUsers (d, i) n 1+ NumUsers (p = u) n + TotalUsers (p, d) NumUsers (u, i). This method allows the prediction of a user’s behavior by analyzing his past behavior and that of other users. For example, we may also provide an advanced study of each functional procedure in this step, and each functional procedure is studied extensively. For example, we may also evolve the system with a web services and IS interoperability development model. With respect to this network, the user therefore has possible music to choose from A to B. This service therefore

Database Object Component

107

uses the same type of customization as used by the music search service described above. These data are therefore analyzed by the ergonomist to check the usability and utility of the system. Other anomalies can therefore cause the program to crash or hang, compromising the functionality of the device as a whole. For example, we may also provide coordination of the tasks of the application agents. The coordinating agent therefore coordinates the messages exchanged between the different application agents. In our music author example, a person is necessarily an music author or a music registrant (or both). For example, we may also provide coordination with the user and a comparative analysis. Here, the user is a developer. Lacking the difficulties of identifying relevant data, we have fixed the reliability rates at an arbitrary value and reinforced the reliability rate of the machine (s) that we think is more vulnerable to carry out a number of comparative studies to analyze the impact of increasing the reliability of one machine compared to another. For example, we may also provide a class that has no attributes or methods. On the other hand, IBM provides in its WebSphere suite a software application to detect user trends and preferences. For example, we may also provide an example of modeling with WAE. For example, a registrant may make zero, one, or more downloads that each relate to one and only one song. For example, we may therefore also provide a algorithmic framework for collaborative filtering. The method of acquiring the history of the user is not specified here, this could be done for example by application logs. These agent models do not therefore always have the same name, but rather easily identify themselves through the roles they play within the system. Indeed the attributes of the over-type will be automatically accessible from the sub-type and each of these models fits more or less in one domain and responds to particular needs or principles. For example, we may also provide a Behavior Name “behavior” Filtering -similarity: getResponse (): -getResult (): string -getResult (): bool -getRequest (): string action. For example, we may also provide agile scheduling of systems. The noted design office therefore aims to validate the acquisition of the UML notation and the development process by studying a case study. These associations therefore carry the stereotype “acquaintance.”

108

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

On the other hand, if two entities are both connected with cardinality 1:1 by the same association, the foreign key can be placed on any side. For example, we may also provide a way to know a schedule of musical live performances, know characteristics (accessibility, number of places, comfort, etc.), to know its operator, and to know its line of music. Further studies would therefore require changing the knowledge base to be more representative of the actual behavior of an IS. For example, we may also provide a relation: “ has the downloads rate of the at the x month” as a binary relation. A type of personalization could be, for example, to hide, to put in appearance or to order the elements of the interface with respect to the behavior of the user and different approaches are provided in the literature to achieve each of these processes.

CHAPTER

16

ASYNCHRONOUS PROCESSING

This chapter is not just about acquiring UML ratings but includes presenting and applying a simple methodology. This chapter aims to highlight the value of certain methodological approaches to evaluate the reliability and availability of Information Technologies in support of a system. This chapter first presents the state of the art of work related to personalization. For example, we may also provide usability testing of an intelligent interface agent. For example: SONG (id_Song, Name_Song) GROUP (Group_id, Group_Name, #id_song). Remember, these rules represent some of the cases you may encounter. This chapter therefore presents a state of the art on the personalization of human-computer interaction. For this, we recommend the use of a customization system based on software agents and based on stereotypes and incorporates a mechanism for recognizing the goals of the user with activities for the choice of the music. For an association with at least a cardinality of type 0:1 or 1:1, consider first that it cannot carry data and that it is identified by the identifier of the entity carrying the cardinality 0:1 or 1:1. For example, we may also provide integration for user who already know this traditional form or want to learn it. After an introduction of the main terms encountered in the field, we’ll study the existing approaches and methods for customization. We’ll also

110

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

define a distance for the calculation of the similarity between the preferences of two users. Recall that the attributes of a class, and of a class diagram, are used to construct a state machine diagram, and vice versa (in the sense that the construction of a state machine diagram can allow to discover attributes not extracted directly from the specifications). Customization methods are therefore used to exploit user templates. For example, we may also provide that, from the reports, we establish the following documents: the current traffic graph, the information card of the domain, and the flow graph. From the documents collected during the interviews, we establish a dictionary of the current data for all the manipulated data and purify this dictionary. The principle of clustering recommendation is therefore to group users with the same tastes into clusters. The latter will thus become attributes of the associative relation as in the case of 0:1/N cardinalities. Given all these constraints imposed by the existing tools, we may also provide a system that provides its own agent administration tool. This profiling technique therefore has the following advantage: data is always available since all web servers provide these log files. For example, we may also provide an categorized Social Security Number Query: SELECT * FROM T_USER WHERE NUM_SECU = ‘1’ AND NUM_SECU_A BETWEEN ‘1001’ AND ‘1999’ AND NUM_ SECU_C LIKE ‘50%.’ With the correct index, this last query becomes almost instantaneous regardless the volume to be processed. For example, we may also provide a portlet processes that requests for a given task or service and dynamically generates the web content displayed to the user. On the other hand, we define context-aware systems as the use of the context to provide appropriate information and/or services to the user; the context being any information that can be used to characterize the situation of an entity that may be an environment, a user, or a physical or a computer object. The question of the relevance of the choice of UML would therefore rather be to list the areas of use of computers that do not use UML, if only as a graphic notation for the documentation. Rather than point-to-point communications over dedicated links, modern solutions are based on networks and even sets of networks. Finally, UML allows system documentation. For example, we may also provide that this implies the sacrifice of certain aspects of the system, but which ones?

Asynchronous Processing

111

In relation to a context and for a type of action A, it is the choice whose context is closest to the current context that will be considered. On the other hand, in our modeling, when we lose an element, there is no latency or partial recovery, we modeled the behavior of our SI in all or nothing and the loss of a machine leads to the total loss of all flows in and out of this machine. Following a first state of the art, a specific method was identified as potentially interesting to implement a study of the dependability of Information Systems in support of a system and the modeling of dysfunctions of the Systems of Information to help optimize their hardware and/or software architecture, using the tools. Indeed, the development but also the corrective maintenance and the evolutionary maintenance of the system benefits from the existence of the model as a reference documentation. In a way, reliability is the study of system failures. We have seen that certain reference values therefore must have an immutable code, especially when they serve as parameter in treatments. With the different notions covered in this research and some knowledge of SQL, you can now design and build relational databases. For example, we may therefore also cite the system approach that uses TF-IDF (Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency) research. The history could therefore be the couples (previous action, next action). Remember, UML was put forward in the 80s, at the request of the industry who wanted a method of designing the IS. For example, we may also provide a provision of the users if all the planned iterations were carried out. On the other hand, current approaches, which are mainly related to the definition of advanced HMIs or ergonomics, consist of breaking down long questionnaires into small forms that appear when the system needs specific user information for customization purposes. For example, the invoice class in an example receives a “Supplier: @ Provider” attribute and is part of the information search agents. For example, we may also provide delivery to the customer, deployment of the system, putting into production of the service, etc. This source code, however, provides only one level of abstraction, that of implementation on a particular hardware infrastructure, understandable by only part of the stakeholders of the IT project, the developers. On the other hand, the system also supports multi-channel customization and a binary relation to cardinalities (0:1) - (1:1).

112

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

For example, we may also provide: use questionnaires, methods evaluation grids, analysis of eye movements, cookies, and inspection methods. Users therefore answer some questions about ergonomic criteria after a system usage test. For example, we may also provide a coordination between agents in the same business domain that is delegated to another application agent. On the other hand, we should also provide a criteria for the comparative study of personalization systems (Figures 16.1–16.12)

Figure 16.1: UML-UseCase Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Stkl.

Figure 16.2: UML Diagrams Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Kishorekumar 62.

Asynchronous Processing

113

Figure 16.3: Profile (UML2) Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Gubaer.

Figure 16.4: Interpreter UML class diagram Creative Commons AttributionShare Alike 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ deed.en Author: Sae1962.

114

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

Figure 16.5: Observer Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: BenTels from nl.

Figure 16.6: Updated UML Diagram Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: LindaVermeulen123.

Asynchronous Processing

115

Figure 16.7: UML DP Singleton Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en Author: DavidL.

Figure 16.8: UML Diagram for a Online Restaurant Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/bysa/3.0/deed.en Author: LindaVermeulen123.

116

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

Figure 16.9: Restaurant-UML-UC Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Authors: Jvlivs.

Figure 16.10: Blast UML Diagram Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Authors: Lasse Kaa.

Asynchronous Processing

117

Figure 16.11: UML DP Prototype Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: DavidL.

Figure 16.12: UML delivery system Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en. Author: LynxFeni.

CHAPTER

17

UML FORMALISM

Remember, messages exchanged between the user and the application agents pass through a coordinating agent. For example, we may also provide, in order to meet the usability criterion and to allow the user to be easily put in the presence of relevant information that interests and concerns him personally, a personalization that is an appropriate solution. Some mature tools are therefore used: the software, the platform for formal audits, and a tool which has hybrid characteristics. The use of views therefore makes it possible to treat the interests of the various stakeholder groups (project managers, developers, architects, users, etc.) separately and thus to better separate the functional concerns: the field of application or profession targeted by the system, and extra functional concerns: technical properties such as dependability. These principles are therefore implemented in the form of functions and the agents have these functions, by default, at their creation. For example, we may also provide a relation: relation person, containing only one attribute: person_id, which is the key. Finally, you may also encounter the term cardinality of the relation which here means the number of occurrences of a relation, or number of entries in the corresponding table, and the degree term of the relation which corresponds to the number of attributes of a relationship. On the other hand, the integration time step is therefore one minute. Derived classes are therefore specializations of the base class, and conversely

120

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

the base class is a generalization of derived classes. For example, let’s take the “register user choice” behavior. Remember, if processing is done using or by computer, we should therefore attach the current file description sheets. This makes it easier to build a prototype and build the database iteratively before terminating, or even starting, the data model. According to the formalism that is adopted to describe its temporal evolution, the conceptual model uses a time variable, called simulation time, considered as a continuous variable, I. For example, we may also deduce the management rules from the current interview reports, draw up a summary sheet showing the most difficult points, the wishes of the users, and try to criticize the current organization. On the other hand, the system intervenes mainly in the phases of functional needs capture, analysis, and formalisms. This is especially useful when the prototype is going to run on a machine not fixed at the beginning, as the generated prototype will not have to worry about the location of its files. On the other hand, new classes for implementation support are often added. Dynamic diagrams are therefore used to specify the class states (state diagram), the algorithm of the methods (activity diagram), and the interactions between the different classes (sequence diagram and/or collaboration diagram). For example, we may also provide an analysis and design of cooperative information systems. The user’s profile is therefore a set of keywords found in the pages that the user has selected. On the other hand, for Bayesianbased filtering, our collaborative filtering method based on user preferences and behaviors, the response time is exponential from users. However, to our knowledge, there is no software engineering method dedicated to the development of personalized information systems. For example, we may also provide one of the properties of the entity is the identifier and that is not among the attributes. On the other hand, today most high-performance RDBMS are capable of managing inheritance themselves. Remember, this is not an obligation from the moment the legends are sufficiently precise. The system therefore supports a three-tier architecture: the database, the calculation engine, and the user interface. So, when a Java application needs to communicate with an agent, just create an object of class communicator. However, following these few applications, some possible improvements to the system should appear.

UML Formalism

121

On the other hand, currently, there is no systematic equivalence between the object types of the different programming languages. Therefore, this is an example of calculated data whose conservation may be relevant, especially to facilitate the sending of reminders. The features of the applications must therefore appear on the user interfaces. On the other hand, a user’s preferences could therefore be the use of keyboard shortcuts, the use of help, the types of functionality used, etc. Remember, a “logical” view describes the static and dynamic aspects of a system in terms of classes, objects, connections, and communications and multiplicities are also to be taken into account. However, these approaches can still be useful for comparing several scenarios of computer system architectures, and provide elements for a construction that is now mainly an expert computer system architecture. For example: Here the association “to be born” translates the two following management rules: A user was born in one and only one country, and: in a country, no one, one, or several users were born. The channels and interaction platforms therefore describe the means of access (SMS, web, WAP, etc.) of the information system and the interaction media (mobile phone, pc, tablet, etc.) to through which he is destined. In this case, it is during the design, so now, that this information is added. The system is therefore a scalable, distributed customization system that can be used in conjunction for custom information system development. These approaches are therefore the methods that organize in steps the designs of an information system using models over a given period for information storage and retrieval. Each class therefore receives as many attributes as classes it is connected to. This study therefore highlights the importance of taking the category into account in defining the information to be presented: informing users of the possibilities available to them, to encourage users to use a type of music, help users to choose the best types of music, and help users during their music use. For example, we may also provide that the agent has a priority goal which he decomposes into sub-goals up to a set of primitive goals for which he has the means of action necessary for their achievements. These data are trans-coded in XML format and we may also give an example of XML data for a music search query. On the other hand, projects should be launched by research labs to facilitate the design of customized information systems. Remember, some important calculations lead to the

122

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

distribution and this distribution cannot be done without tools: interrogations on distributed data, and a backup of versions of data with their results. For example, we may also provide a system for humidity, temperature, and wind strength that could be obtained through web services. On the other hand, a system should therefore intervene automatically and offer advice when a user makes inconsistent approaches or makes mistakes in handling. The implementation of these principles within an agent is therefore generally carried out by planning. The details of this use case are described in the project reports. For example, we may also provide some robots whose sensors and reflectors are the input and output capabilities of the interface. On the other hand, we should know how to quantify the impact of the reliability and availability of a system on the operational safety of a network. For example, we may also provide that, in a case where we put a (R) at the end of the name of the entity or the property that we want to record, the system therefore makes it possible to specify that we will archive all the modifications on a given entity or property. On the other hand, a departure location for musical live performances should therefore be deducted from previous user schedules and the system should assume that the user’s place of departure matches the arrival location of the previous event. For example, we may also provide that a system operates according to different types of inference, it includes a first-order, linear time-invariant (LTI) system, and from assumptions based on an initial questionnaire, the observed actions and knowledge on a set of predefined subgroups. And from these needs, you must also therefore be able to establish the data management rules to keep. In these cases, an application can only access these results in a nonstandardized textual form. On the other hand, these evaluations are not just about the music agenda presented above. For example, we may also provide that, concerning the distribution system, however, the methods already proposed focus on the representation of the use of the system by specific network functionalities. Therefore, a service also illustrates the system’s ability to customize by taking into account the user’s communication channels and interaction platforms. For example, we may also provide that for the entity, the mandatory identifier will be the registration number and the number is a secondary key, and it could be an identifier.

UML Formalism

123

On the other hand, a competence for agent mobility as opposed to strong mobility whose code, state, and state control is migrated to the destination platform. This is to facilitate the handling of the methods by the use of standardized notations and known by a large number of users (developers).

CHAPTER

18

EXTENDING UML

A correlation can be obtained by different techniques (the Bayes approach, similarity of the vectors, the Pearson approach, etc.). For example, we may also provide an overview of the chosen agent platforms. Remember, there are many platforms available for developing software agent-based applications. On the other hand, we may also provide a prototype interface for the formulation of the request. Therefore, in the case where the chosen activity is local, the choice of the cell, sub-module “choice,” provides the “social” module models. In addition, the choice of model to create is important. This response is therefore associated with a choice that allows a user to reference the music likely to interest the user. The results produced therefore highlight some of the obstacles that must be overcome to improve the value of such an approach, including data accessibility, as well as the resulting opportunities. An information system can be defined as a set of resources (materials, processes, personnel, computer, software, data, and system equipment, etc.) allowing the analysis, modeling, management, exchange, manipulation, processing, storage, structuring, collection, and dissemination of information (video, sounds, images, texts, etc.) within an organization. These methods therefore emphasize the need for a scalable and distributed customization system that can take into account different types of customization.

126

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

For example, we may also provide that we adapt the man-machine interaction based on the user’s profile. On the other hand, responsibilities then enable the attributes, operations, and associations between classes to be identified to meet the needs modeled by the use cases in the needs analysis phase. However, to better explore the benefits and shortcomings of the system, we plan to establish a rigorous questionnaire to gather users’ feedback. In the field of music, and as pointed out, the future must be for the harmonious and complementary development of the various modes of music. We have thus been able to deploy complementary models to facilitate the implementation and management of institutional learning systems around the project by integrating the cognitive functioning of the individual and the need for social interaction with the content and the information. For example, we may also provide the system to schedule a music list for a user and to simulate a disruption of a live performance he planned to see. If we consider the model, we see that the dimensions product, store, customer, and date actually answer the following questions respectively: who bought the product?, when did the sale take place?, and what has been sold? For example, we may also provide an association of functions and deployment of agents through an administration interface. These portals therefore provide a manual customization of the container and content. Despite this difficulty, it remains possible to perform a comparative study of two (or more) architectures of the same system. Remember, without the acquisition competences, an agent would only be an empty shell unable to do anything. We should therefore add other extensions to UML for modeling some properties related to the system and for which we may not have found any existing extensions that can take them into account. On the other hand, as a result of this work, the processing part can be the subject of a series of works which will complement this design processing function for only the data. This therefore explains why we use as much as possible the same case study throughout the chapters. The software specification and hardware structure are therefore described through use case diagrams, packages, components, and deployments. It is then necessary to resort to tools of administration of the formalisms. For example, we may also provide agents that mimic the human form essentially by a face and expressions.

Extending UML

127

On the other hand, an implicit collection of user information, also known as tracking or profiling, typically collects a large amount of user information without making any explicit requests. This competency therefore provides services for both transmitting administration requests to a particular agent. Agents therefore have both the connection communication functions and the Add Functions function acquisition functions. For example, we may also provide diagrams used and their concatenations in the design phase of the service. The biggest challenge is to therefore correctly render the requirements in the data models. For example, we may also present a scenario for the music search by detailing the interactions between the different objects of the service. An example of another application developed with the method: for the search of personalized alternative music, it is the personalized music search service that has been used thus reusing the data model defined for the music search. These roles will then be used to determine the different behaviors that the agent must have in order to meet his objectives. For example, we may also provide a large-scale remote management system, both to process, in real time, a large number of telemetry and remotely control installations. On the other hand, extending UML involves defining new stereotypes, labels and constraints to take into account the specificities of an application domain. Similarly, we should designate a foreign key by an inclusion constraint to a candidate key. The primitive request therefore was used for the music search and for the user to view his profile. Of course, the representation dimension is essentially provided. We therefore distinguish seven criteria: types of information gathering, types of distribution, types of customization, types of information retrieval, types of availability, types of multi-application methods, and types of customization methods. On the other hand, the results produced highlight some of the obstacles that need to be overcome to improve the value of such an approach, including data accessibility, and the resulting opportunities. This is why the use of these methods in addition to the first methods seems relevant; the combination of these methods in the same personalization system seems to us a good compromise to benefit from the advantages of all the methods. By analogy, if I am interested in the functioning of the human body, I break down the study of the problem into several simpler sub-chapters: the heart, the digestive system, the nervous system, the skeleton, and so on. For

128

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

example, we may also provide an inheritance by coverage (or totality) and all occurrences of the over-type are found in at least one of the existing subtypes. On the other hand, if multi-copy or backup management is integrated into the network then users gain security. For example, we may also provide that, for the subject of the system, it remains to be able to transfer these studies to the integrated whole that is the network based on the means of a system. To obtain a model, several methods are proposed in the literature. We can therefore summarize the various stages of the design of an information system by the word modeling. Therefore, the main content of an IS lies in the abstractions that had to be built to represent, within a finitedimensional computer tool, the diversity of real-world beings (employees, internal organizations, partners, customers, products, suppliers, etc.) with whom the company has relationships. For example, use spreadsheets if you’re working with financial experts, or images, so a warehouse photo will represent the warehouse concept. However, the intermediate calculated data will not be kept except in the case of a legal obligation and this is the case for an amount excluding for example, where the components may also have a variable price over time. For example, we may also provide that we know and master the concepts and rules of the models with which we reason. External applications can therefore request the list of registered users using the primitive as result = getUsers. Remember, the goal is to demonstrate the ability to integrate different types of customization. There are therefore several levels, categories, and forms of maintenance. So to test several versions of a function or to update it, the developer has to change the name of the function (for example, to follow a number); which is tedious when it is necessary to perform several tests during the development of the function. The aim of this chapter is therefore to guide us towards the choice of such a method or, if necessary, to give the basic principles for the construction of a method, for the development of a personalized information system, based on existing methods. For example, we may also provide that definitions are restricted to web applications and content customization. On the other hand, we have also incorporated the possibility that a user downloads a song to go without a streaming going through the music network. Remember, an agent must have the reproduction function for it to reproduce.

Extending UML

129

18.1. PROCESSING CLIENT-SERVER REPRESENTATIONS This chapter describes an application of these methods using the personalization systems. The approach therefore goes through successive stages. For example, we may also provide that each batch provides for a version of the software that will be immediately put into operation in an operational environment. In this chapter, we mean by personalization: the ability of an interactive system to adapt to the context. In the medium term, it is desirable to integrate into a modeling workshop and a development environment. In important calculations, if good structuring has been used, parallelism will therefore be easier to perform and distribution between different sites will be possible. For example, we may also provide an association with the person class that has the multiplicity “1” (default) on the person class side. Some examples of where this can happen: one identifies a building by its street number, but it is necessary to know the name or the identifier of the street to find the building (13th street, etc.). The speed of responses (search time, data transmission and calculation), intelligence (ability to recognize users, automatically extract data from the database, display songs) and efficiency (effectiveness algorithms to find the optimal songs) are the criteria chosen for evaluating the performance of the prototype. For example, we may also provide an arrow that indicates the system actions on the interface and a source code of a software system is therefore a model of the system. XML would also therefore be suitable for exchanging messages between external applications and the personalization systems. In some cases, it is not always relevant to convert an entity to a conceptual level, by a relationship at the logical level. On the other hand, to meet these objectives, the method must satisfy the methodological, technological, and representational criteria defined in the chapter. On the other hand, the increasing use of IT on a network pushes us to consider the quality of service from the point of view of the integrated system, for which the safety of operation depends on both the assets present on the network, and also the smooth operation of the IT and software systems layers. We should also explain why we advocate a customization system build based on software agents. These first methods therefore perform collaborative filtering by analyzing the preferences (weighted data) and

130

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

behaviors (history) of the users. On the other hand, it therefore creates services and controls access profiles, that is to say the set of rules that must be respected for a category of users to access the services of the portal. It would also be interesting to interconnect the song agenda service provided by my song service with the schedules and the personal and professional agendas so that the user automatically finds his schedules in his song library; he could thus benefit from the song information recommendations related to his plans. For example, we may also provide that the system learns the profile of the user, prepares a personal song library and helps to improve his search for information. However, remember that if the attributes of the parent class are private, as is the case with some classes, it is necessary to have a display operation in the parent class to access the private attributes of the parent class. A user therefore has a view of the active agents, their organization and their location, the functions and the content of their exchanges. Information systems are therefore seen as a set of services. On the other hand, to meet the goal of distributions and availability, we recommend the use of software agents. For example, we may also provide a not insignificant physical view that describes the different hardware resources and the software implementation taking into account these resources. The formalism of an association is therefore as follows: generally the name of the association is a verb defining the link between the entities that are linked by the latter. Indeed, so far reliability studies were conducted at the level of the only network and were to formulate requirements for the reliability of the computer and software systems layers necessary for its conduct. For example, we may also present four development models suitable for building a personalized service. Remember, when dealing with a proactive action and with different states, the method representing these actions can be modeled by a state diagram. In addition to these automatic translations, some decisions have to be taken: for example, regarding the navigability of associations or the choice between aggregation and composition. We then see that the object manager of a DBMS object could itself be used to design the applications it will manage. For example, we may also provide that user profiles can be stored in external databases and their access via is transparent through this module. On the other hand, for the sake of simplicity, we will keep the terms of primary and foreign keys.

Extending UML

131

Since profile management and information retrieval agents should already have been created during the development of the music search services, we just have to add their new functions through the admin interfaces. We therefore explain only the new ratings that will be introduced. On the other hand, these are interesting issues that should be addressed. These functions therefore make it possible to validate our method and evaluate certain characteristics (availability, distributions, etc.) of our customization systems. For example, we may also provide a personal calendar service computer system architecture for multi-modality of music. On the other hand, remember these search agents are coordinated by the information search agent. Therefore, a user registers by providing his personal information such as age, income, gender, etc. As a result, evaluations involving users in real-life displacement situations could be performed. Our approach therefore separates the information system seen as a set of services from the personalization system. These designs also aim to specify the analysis model so that it can be implemented with the elements of the architecture. On the other hand, it is up to the user (developer) to implement the dynamics of the application. For example, we may also provide these information service of performances that consist in the personalized provision of performances in the system. These representation dimension therefore provide the representation formalisms of a method attempt to provide an abstract view of a system. On the other hand, to make a link between the different agents, another agent (coordinating agent) has therefore been defined. For example, we may also provide a note similar to that presented that describes the role of the agent. Therefore, a user model is based on a set of keywords. Remember, these types of failure of a software therefore cause the “crash” of a machine which in turn causes all the software it hosts to be lost and these should be considered. Failure propagation is therefore assumed to be possible only along data flows between software components and sequences. On the other hand, networks are considered as unique hardware components, despite the fact that they have possible redundancies of possible paths between two software packages, etymological specificities, and so on. The “origins” (as opposed to propagated failures) failures of the machines, networks and data flows are therefore assumed to be independent. For example, if an agent A1 has a relationship of acquaintance with the coordinating agent, it is sufficient for an agent A2 to have a relationship

132

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

of acquaintance with A1 so that it can be located in the system. On the other hand, these approaches therefore provide a customization system that interacts with a third-party application for customization. Students therefore will need to acquire a higher level of expertise through the study of methods of analysis and the design of tools, as well as their implementation in large projects. For example, we may also provide load evaluations that establish the break point or the relative performance curve of a system. On the other hand, these data models exchanged between the service and the customization system are modeled through class diagrams. For example, we may also provide technical evaluations that assess the system’s compliance with existing standards and standards. Therefore, the learning, mobility, communication, reproduction, etc., abilities can be associated with functions that the agent may or may not have. But, we have to eliminate the functions with literal values right off the bat for two reasons: the difficulty of expressing some characters, most of those are unprintable and some of those greater than are missing from keyboards, restricts the field of possibilities; and the problem of comparison taking into account or not (sensitivity or insensitivity to) (Figures 18.1–18.6).

Figure 18.1: UML classes Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: DavidL.

Extending UML

133

Figure 18.2: UML Interaction overview diagram Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/bysa/4.0/deed.en Author: Stkl.

Figure 18.3: Inheritance UML Diagram Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Donald Bell.

134

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

Figure 18.4: Free/open-source Blender Game Engine Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-sa/4.0/deed.en Author: Maks9889.

Figure 18.5: UML state machine Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Mirosamek.

Extending UML

135

Figure 18.6: Audacity Screenshot Linux Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Robin Diwo.

CHAPTER

19

INCREMENTAL DEVELOPMENT

The model of development of these methods provides a highly monitored and controllable network. This is why a study of software agent customization system architectures is carried out in this chapter. On the other hand, a craze for the use of web services is justified not only because they try to communicate with the applications across the network, regardless of their execution platform and their implementation language based on technologies standards (SMTP, HTTP, XML, etc.) but also by their relative ease of implementation. Other methods such as Web Site Design Method (WSDM), Web Modeling Language (WebML) or UML-based Web Engineering (UWE) could have been appropriate, the aim being to study a web application development method since most custom information systems are web applications. We therefore opted to manage their coordination at the level of the information retrieval agent. Indeed, the personalization module provides a function (get) aiming at the return of an object as the invocation of the primitives of the system. For example, we may also provide that these criteria have been defined in relation to our goal of personalizing both the container and the content while promoting the reuse of the existing content, the support of the distribution by the system, and its availability. This chapter therefore concludes with a general conclusion on the work carried out in this chapter, also proposing

138

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

research perspectives in the form of revolutions and extensions of this work; these concern the method as well as the personalization system and the “multi-modality of music” application. For example, a large portion of users cannot evaluate the typing speed on the keyboard. Therefore, customization presents the modes of collection of user information and the types of customization provided by the system. On the other hand, for finer filtering, these recommendation are made by calculating the correlation existing between the current user and users with common interests and tastes. On the other hand, you may wonder, “What are the main difficulties faced by companies creating a data model?” One of the main difficulties faced by companies captures the messages exchanged between the different agents and the execution status of the agents to display them through a graphical interface. It is therefore very rare to develop an agent’s competence that is immediately correct and operational and a supervisor therefore re-applies this mechanism recursively. For example, we may also provide knowledge bases that generically define the different components for a given formalism, specifying their characteristics (failure rates, state variables, etc.) as well as the rules describing the random events and its consequences on the model. The interconnection of “multi-modality of music” with this deposit of data should therefore not pose any particular difficulty. Remember, these agents are called “specialists” and the others are called “supervisors.” The main services therefore summarize the information and applications that the system makes available to the user. On the other hand, for us, there is no difference between plasticity and context awareness. Regarding the challenges of a more general application of such an approach, the accessibility and adequacy of data to characterize the reliability of components remains an important obstacle to overcome. Here is an example of a relation (coming from the entity of our previous chapter): Song (name_song, id_song) Key: x: relation x: primary key Remarks: This first entity is represented in a textual way. For example, we may also provide a requirements capture for the music search service with an active directory user directory, a technical framework subsystem, and a manipulation of technical framework user preferences with subsystem user management. The next step in our research is therefore to open new work on the description of the meta-data needed to structure

Incremental Development

139

the project information ontologies in the same way as the standard which describes the ontologies required for the description of the data. On the other hand, it is not in terms of the treatments that we have to decide how to model the data, but simply in terms of the semantics of the data. For example, we may also provide data search model agents that therefore use their mobility to search for information and a search creates a SearchResults that provides the customized results to the user. From the information (city, date, etc.) provided by the user during his search, it would then be possible to deduce the climatic conditions of the live performance with a study of customization systems. By committing an inventory of methods and tools for the simulation of the reliability and availability of IS and the system in support of the multi-modality of music system, this chapter focuses on the realization of a study of the dependability of the multi-modality of music system. Therefore, a final point of this preliminary study is to: decide on a standard solution knowing full well as to its feasibility: budget, means to implement, profitability, cost, time, and organizational impact. Therefore, the communication between the applications of the service of search of music passes through these modules. This approach proposes a categorization of the user model according to these dimensions: customization, domain ontology, interest, security, return of preferences, personal data, expected quality of delivered results, and various information. However, types should not be represented at the conceptual level. For example, we may also use a WAE (Web Application Extension) that is representative of methods dedicated to the analysis and design of web applications. On the other hand, these services also illustrate the ability to perform customization taking into account the communication channels and interaction platforms available to the user. Remember, for the translation of these associations, we add an attribute in the class whose name is the nominal form of the name of the association and for type a reference on the class at the other end. This will therefore include checking whether the implementation of the new custom service has not affected the properties of other services. For example, we may also provide a Web server user: Communication: Coordination: Profile: Query connection search (placeA, placeB, time) request (userA, placeA, placeB, time) request (placeA, placeB, time)

140

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

request (userA, placeA, placeB, time) request (userA, placeA, leuB, time) PreferredPropertiesUserA resultsResearch responseRequestUserA responseRequestUserAnswers ReplyChoiceResponseChoiceUserA disconnection responseChoiceUserAUpdate (request, response, userA). This interface would therefore be generated at the level of the administrative agent and thus the setting of a function of an agent to adapt it to the field of application during the development of a personalized information system. For example, we may also release from this sheet a number of objectives of the objectives sheet, and establish a hierarchical list of all objectives on a summary objectives sheet. On the other hand, conferring to an external reference the key role of a relationship is the worst thing, if only because of the evolution of the structure of this issue. Moreover, a system may be thinking of an idea for years to replace it with a single number in these contexts. For example, we may also provide a function that will centralize the customization to use the same user preferences for different applications. Therefore, this chapter is devoted to the study of four methods representative of the methods likely to intervene in the development of personalized information system. For example, we may also provide that this analysis must be done in such a way that a responsibility is a contract or an obligation for a class. On the other hand, we can distinguish three main families: the basic analysis: which provides indications similar to the warnings that can be traced by compilers; the quality analysis of a code: which aim to evaluate the quality of developments made on a software; and formal verifications: which seek to mathematically analyze and prove certain properties of the program. For example, we may also therefore provide, from the current interfaces, the sheets of interfaces and future management rules, and therefore establish the future interfaces. The overall goal of the system is therefore to be the user to benefit from personalized services in different applications without as much as asking each application to specify its personal data or preferences. For example, we may also propose an iterative, incremental development model and a parallel realization of specific phases related to the development of services and specific phases related to personalization. On the other hand, system events and user actions are therefore collected by software. Remember, the modeling of a process or a specification takes

Incremental Development

141

up and details the description of the activities outlined in the master plan. For example, the management of the conversational state of the objects distributed during strong availability, the propagation of a transactional context between several web services, etc.

CHAPTER

20

USER MODELING AND USERADAPTED INTERACTION Assuming independence between the preference types, we get the probability of having the value for the type of preference P knowing that the choice was made C for the type of action A. We will therefore study another example of inheritance that solves many problems. We may also provide inheritance at the base of the implementation of the relational data model, relating to this realization. To make such adaptive, customized systems, most researchers have turned to an agent-oriented approach. The coordinating agent therefore makes the communication link between the different component agents. For example, we may also provide that, according to the first point of view, the system groups similar users by analyzing their preferences with respect to resources (information, data, etc.). Data modeling is therefore about collecting information about the company and its business, which is a time-consuming and complex process. For example, we may also provide an implementation of the service and it is the stage of the effective realization of the service. For example, Java applets, Active X data, or merchant transactions are not included on these files. To complete the structure of each agent (represented as a class diagram), the use case scenarios are described. To do this, this chapter presents a

144

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

simplified process of this development of computer systems. This model therefore combines a cognitive method for these recommendations with respect to the profiles and social methods for a majority vote and collaborative filtering. Two customization methods for exploiting user profiles for customization based on Bayesian networks are therefore proposed. On the other hand, with asynchronous communication the calling application does not wait for an answer. For example, we may also provide a request that was translated at the coordinator level into a request to the search agent and another to the profile agent. Therefore, these information services of requests consists in the personalized provision of requests in the multi-modality of music master plan. From the dictator of the data, we therefore construct the theoretical access structures by taking only the elementary data, without the calculated data, and by listing all the functional dependencies and by eliminating the sensitivities. For example, we may also provide variations of the compartments that are described explicitly, and not with differential equations. For example if on the date D a A1 must count its number of neighbors to calculate the treatment they make it and if at that same date a A2, which is among the neighbors of A1, provides the sequential treatment of the two events and does not give the same result depending on the order of treatment. Starting from these relations, we can therefore refine in moral and physical persons. Then, the models are refined more and more to lead to the code. For example, we may also provide code based on user browsing to recommend links to a particular user, using a case-based reasoning engine. In this example, the user therefore launches the administrative agent to request an agent A to do an action D. Theses primitive requests are therefore used for the search of music and for the search of alternative multi-modality of music. This is called a content-based recommendation. For example, we may also provide that, if no discrete event modifies the expressions of these equations, the action model is therefore reduced to the numerical resolution of a system of differential equations. On the other hand, this model is widely used by companies and is the basis of many other models such as the V-shaped model or the spiral model. In application construction, the V-model corresponds to an improvement method that could be regarded an continuance of the waterfall method, as well as being an illustration of the substantially more common waterfall model. On the other hand, a spiral method is comparable to the incremental method, with an additional focus put on evaluation.

User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction

145

For example, we may also provide these services that have therefore been developed: music search, music agendas, and musical live performances information. On the other hand, these distinctions are divided into specialties. For example, the modeling specialty, the research data analysis specialty, the professional specialty, the data analysis specialty, and the research specialty. Therefore, these specialties are an interdisciplinary training that relies on strong skills in computer science and mathematics. Finally, remember that the user model can direct the internal actions of these systems. For example, we may also provide a combination between constraints that function as in the context of an inheritance. On the other hand, it is possible to combine the constraints and intelligent agents will reduce the complexity of the interfaces and make the work of the user more efficient. For example, we may also provide an example of a path connecting an agent A to an agent B. Therefore, when the response arrives at the coordinating agent, the agent forwards it to the profile agent, since it is the profile agent that manages the user’s preferences. When a supervisor agent is deleted, its specialist agents are automatically disconnected from interactions and disconnect is described later. For example, we may also provide these interaction diagrams that therefore attempt to identify the relationships of acquaintances between the different agents that are modeled by associations between the classes representing the agents. On the other hand, existing systems are typically for a particular type of customization and incorporate well-defined customization methods. For example, we may also provide that the different roles these agents must play are described. On the other hand, some anomalies will only have an imperceptible effect and will remain undetected or dormant. Remember, what we first looked for was what existed as software reliability data in the public domain. The most used data is therefore the requested page (the request itself), the address of the machine from which the request comes (client ip address), the type of response of the server (succeeded or not), the date of the request, and the type of client used. On the other hand, we therefore introduced the concept of a virtual workstation to free applications from the localization of the user interfaces. For example, we may also provide a user information collection method that is an automatic learning method that is based on the history of the user’s interaction to calculate his preferences. Otherwise, if it has a profile but has

146

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

never made the request, a collaborative filtering is carried out for choose the music to propose beginning with the development phases. On the other hand, the planning classes come from the standard calendar service provided and this is the method of collaborative filtering based on the preferences and on the behaviors of the users which has been applied For example, we may also provide the impacted component, its position and the “timing” of the failure, and also some aspects of the random nature of consecutive system responses to these failures (e.g., how to avoid and solve them?). On the other hand, as a developer, you have a duty to assist the project owner if necessary. Remember, these agents are sometimes represented anthropomorphically by a face on the screen and if, for example, the user input is ambiguous, the user model can make the system capable of clarifying this entry. On the other hand, an important criterion of the quality of an objectoriented model is then the coherence between the objects (real) of the actual modeled system and the (virtual) objects of the actual system model. For example, we may also provide that, even if these applications all relate to the same multi-modality of music theme, they are relatively different and have been realized by different people. WAE therefore considers the user in the system development process and a user can search and/or receive information on his or her mobile phone, tablet, desktop computer, etc. For example, we may also provide a platform that comes in the form of a Java API that facilitates the design of multi-agent systems. However, the management of this time by the action model is not simple. On the other hand, the occurrences of the discrete events are the fact of the active entities of the model which, at given dates, execute activities which will make as evolved these activities. Therefore, these active entities therefore represent a multitude of processes that are interdependent and that can each perform their activities at very different timescales. For example, suppose an agent provides a “getUsers” service to return the list of registered users to the system. The state of the art has therefore shown that very active research is aimed at providing an adaptive, intelligent and personalized human-machine interaction in order to improve the effectiveness of the interaction and usability of the systems. The drawbacks of this technique are the following: this technique is difficult to adapt to dynamic websites. For example, we may also provide a UML language use that has some other diagrams that we will not discuss

User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction

147

for lack of time and space: diagrams, global interaction views, interaction overviews, time diagrams, and composite structure diagrams. On the other hand, a few ways can be used to collect information about the user: the explicit collection of information and the implicit collection of information. Indeed, the layout of the data does not have to be often overhauled, while the treatments are more frequently and illustrate the coordination between the information search and the user profile management agents.

CHAPTER

21

ARCHITECTURES AND METHODS FOR CUSTOMIZED IS DEVELOPMENT In a smart system, the growing presence of IT can introduce new modes of malfunctioning, namely: deliberate failures affecting computer systems, failures affecting the system infrastructure, failures in computer systems, and failures within the system infrastructure. We therefore know that a “classify user U” can be replaced by “know age A of user U” and “know the age A of user U” = “know the date of birth of user U” then “calculate the difference with the current date.” For example, we may also provide that the requests of the user are therefore interpreted by the administrative agents, which we will see later, and then forwarded to the coordinating agents who sends the request to the agent concerned. On the other hand, when it first appeared, these legacies were not yet established on all the RDBMS distributed and this is still not the case today. Therefore, the few systems that can meet criteria such as distribution or availability are built from a multi-agent architecture. For example, we may also provide a virtual file management system that also manages the data of these prototypes. On the other hand, remember that a function of the administrative agent is to know the agents present in a given platform and is representative of methods of analysis and design of software systems based on software agents. Therefore, the behavior of information systems is a complex and difficult element to represent from a pure reliability point of view. The development process therefore consists of branches.

150

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

For example, we may also provide static data that is collected at agencies. However, these simulators are not specific to the reliability and availability of software systems but are more generic to the modeling of software systems networks in general. For example, we may also provide artificial intelligence that brings knowledge representation techniques to build pragmatic knowledge bases and useful learning techniques to implement the reuse approach. The second part of this chapter therefore presents a framework of comparison composed of criteria intended to facilitate the choice or construction of a method for the analysis, design and modeling of personalized information system. Remember, a presentation database is controlled by the presentation agent and this is the design phase of the behaviors of the agents identified in the phase above. Thus, the model will be optimal and flexible, because it is efficient and adaptive. Therefore, the following developments are strongly inspired by a design patterns catalog of reusable design templates. On the other hand, in some object-oriented programming languages, the compositions are translated into attributes that are not references, but directly objects. The preferences associated with P could therefore be, for example, a numerical value I depending on a context depending on the quadruple values (temperature, physical state, humidity, locality): I: where - T, P, H, L, respectively represent the set of temperatures, physical states, humidity, and localities and R is the set of real values. It is therefore essential today to distinguish information systems and computer systems. For example, we may also provide these last pointers to try to manipulate the list more easily to add and remove an element at the beginning and at the end of the list. On the other hand, the user profile is used both as a filter when searching for information and as a means of ordering the results of the search for these evaluations of the relevance of the results. Therefore, if there are several sites, this study takes into account the specific aspects of each site. The second part of this section presents the physical view, that is, how the components of the development view are projected on a hardware architecture. The second step is therefore the construction of reliability models from the components of the selected database and constraints that are represented by character strings in braces ({}). Service tests can therefore be carried out by simulating the data, in accordance with the data models defined in the analysis phase, to be provided to the service and these data will come from when the integration phase

Architectures and Methods for Customized is Development

151

is completed. For example, we may also provide that, to avoid having to specify preference types and look for methods for their updates, we propose a customization method based on the unique behaviors of the users. For example, we may also provide a path connecting an agent A to an agent B. Remember, these classes necessary to ensure the different responsibilities have therefore been defined. On the other hand, we may also show the static modeling of the music search service. As the service is a web application, we should therefore use the proposed UML extensions for the conceptual modeling of the service. For example, we may also provide a platform that is a tool for automating the dependability studies of various systems from the definition of adapted knowledge bases and therefore we should, for example, remember the issues studied. On the other hand, it may also be useful to detail some use cases by scenarios through sequence diagrams, activities and/or collaboration. These methods and systems of customization have therefore been applied for the development of a personalized information system in the field of multi-modality of music and musical live performances systems modeling. For example, we may also provide various points that can be studied or improved, as regards the methods as well as the personalization systems and the “multi-modality of music and musical live performances systems modeling” applications. For example, we may also provide a server that is a workstation (PC) accessible on the internet. On the other hand, these servers should also provide an identifier for all entities and it must be unique. For example, if A1 → A3 then A1, A2 → A3 is not elementary. For example, we may also provide modeling of interactions by and with agents in personalization of information. It is thus necessary to separate in two, without preserving them. On the other hand, we may also provide a model of activities for the information push taking into account the data, the users, and the interaction platforms. For this it is necessary that the data of the user is accessible again and this is possible if they are managed in the database which is the system of virtual file management. On the other hand, we may also use a reinforcement learning mechanism for managing the user profiles. The application therefore detects whether compared to this schedule, the user is made to move by comparing the location of the user and the place where he planned the musical live performances systems modeling event.

152

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

The technology dimension is therefore associated with criteria: asynchronous and/or XML client-servers, object-oriented and/or agentoriented, database-oriented, component-based, database programming, synchronous databases, batch databases, structured database, and processing database. Each use case must therefore be followed by a text description sheet. These phases therefore define the components necessary for the construction of the technical architecture independently of the functional aspects specified in the branches. For example, we may also provide four communication primitives (perform, ask, request, and send) exposed as web services. Therefore, these synchronous, batch, and asynchronous processing modes are provided by WAE and intervene for the client-server mode. On the other hand, they therefore become generalized for the collection of relatively precise information. For example: To know the age A of the user U. The information for the physical location of the agents is represented through a deployment diagram and acceptance tests by which users participate to validate the system. For example: communicator - DEFAULT_PORT: String = 80 -platform: object + perform (in to: String, in m: String): void + perform (in to: String, in m: String, in param: object): void + perform (in to: String, in m: String, in param: object): void + request (in to: String, m: String): object + request (in to: String, m: String, in param: object): object + request (in to: String, in m: String, in param: object): object + close (): void. For example, we may also show the conceptual class diagram for the custom music search. On the other hand, to avoid overloading the figure, the classes for user profile manipulation and those for user authentication should not be shown in this diagram. For example, we may also provide that, as should be seen in the design class diagram, only two new classes have been introduced. This data therefore comes from the LDAP directory where the system records the user’s information when they register and application logs overcome the limitations. On the other hand, although this representation is certainly unrealistic, it will have allowed us to prove the feasibility of carrying out studies of the operating safety of information systems. The development of this service therefore did not require additional effort at the level of customization since it uses the same type of customization as

Architectures and Methods for Customized is Development

153

that of the music search service. For example, we may also provide that during the design phases, and during the design phase noted, the solutions you design do not need to use advanced concepts that require more hindsight to be implemented. The definitions of adaptability should therefore remain consensual on the explicit intervention character of the user to declare his preferences before the generation of the interfaces. For example, we may also provide the four parts composing a text description sheet of a use case. On the other hand, to illustrate its potential, the platform has been applied to the case of application of an information system used by the system. For example, we may also provide methods that use the same type of reasoning except that it is based solely on the (historical) behavior of the users. The following chapter therefore describes applications of the methods using the personalization systems. A system can therefore be seen as an IS providing at least one personalized service. On the other hand, a specification shop makes the applications independent of the workstation windowing systems. For example, an agent model for finding music shops on the servers of the yellow pages, another for finding a music on the servers of the music providers, etc. On the other hand, we should then do the operational study (always by scenario) by defining the necessary hardware and software. Remember, these weak points are even more troublesome for the main objective of is to help the developers in their implementation of a personalized information system. On the other hand, it is therefore important to have broken down its software. For example, we may also provide a set I that therefore depends on the types of preferences to be modeled. The phase preceding the development in a given programming language (in this case Java for the module) consists in completely defining the associations, the algorithms, the classes, and the signatures of the operations, starting from the diagrams of the analysis. Preferences are therefore modeled according to contexts. On the other hand, a failure to take into account the development based on software agents is its main shortcoming. For example, we may also provide Social behavior modeling that integrates the leadership and each system can take at a given moment the initiative of a long displacement with a probability of its own, and gregarious behavior for distance tests with respect to other systems that are carried out at regular intervals.

154

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

Remember, these interactions with the environment are modeled using not the data of the environment of the model itself, but the perception and the memorization of these data by the system. For example, we may also provide guarantees for autonomy in cognitive agent architecture and a failure tree for the algorithm software. For some information system configurations, we can see the combinations of failures and malfunctions identified by the frameworks that could lead to the failure of software such as the algorithm software in this case. Validations and evaluations of some principles and features of the system method and personalization system were therefore carried out through the developments of these services. Remember, an information system, as the name implies, is intended to provide information to a user. Therefore, these examples illustrate the case of an application that asks the question to the agent named A on the pc P using the communication port 80. The tools generate, from the point where an event has been declared as undesirable: an equivalent model reliability rate, the changeability that represents the complement to one of reliability, the reliability being the probability of not having d failures on mission time, the asymptotic unavailability which is the proportion where the system is unavailable on a mission important time, and the average time before the first failure.

21.1. REFERENCES FOR DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY For example, we may also provide an application of the automatic user preference collection method presented in the system. On the other hand, the category relates to the ability of the interactive system to adjust to its context of use. Remember, with the case of a date in YYYY-DD-MM format, the number of characters, IE 10 characters, is also counted. Remember, for example, information filtering can be based simply on the words that make up the title of a document or we may analyze in more detail the contents of this document for a personalized multi-modal information system. The second part of this chapter therefore aims to study existing personalization systems. Our first priority is to focus on UML-based methods. On the other hand, it does not limit the consideration of XML technology since UML also provides modeling applications based on XML. From there, we look

Architectures and Methods for Customized is Development

155

for other multi-modality of music that may interest the user and presents results on an independent window. For example, we may also provide a data web house that analyzes customer behavior and describes the activities to be performed in this phase. On the other hand, we may also collaborate with other agents (including agents on the server) to ensure that the cached information at the tablet is relevant to the user’s location and reflects the preferences of that user latest. For example, we may also provide a term user model that is used in different domains. Remember, it should also be noted that developments in the SQL standard have been developed in these directions with the “REF” type, but unfortunately few RDBMS editors have implemented that. For example, we may also provide a principle of the visualization that consists of returning to the user a page enriched with a portion of code (written in JavaScript, in general). Since the entire graph is reported on the user interface, there is a minimization of the data exchanged between this interface and the calculation applications. However, remember that very few works provide a comprehensive method that guides the analysis, design and modeling in the process of custom information system development. For example, we should also provide functional requirements that should be modeled through use case diagrams. For example, we may also provide several methods that are proposed for communication between heterogeneous applications. On the other hand, it is indeed therefore difficult to predict the occurrence of a computer incident (such as a virus, a malware, etc.) whereas it could be easy to compare several similar architectures where one would be perfectly resilient and the others more vulnerable in different strategic points. Remember, the service (personalized multi-modality of music and musical live performances systems modeling information) consists in the personalized provision of the multi-modality of music and musical live performances systems modeling. For example, we may also provide primitives that attempt to retrieve messages from external applications to send to the communicator part of the system. On the other hand, by following the rules of identification of the agents proposed by the methods, we obtained agents for the research of the music and agents for the management of the platforms of interaction (web, mail, SMS). For example, we may also provide WAE that iteratively performs the

156

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

classic software development phases with a quality objective. Remember, these phases are illustrated, where the vertical double lines define the interaction between the user and a system and the first horizontal arrow indicates a user action on the interface. To be semantically valid, any entity must be linked to at least one association, and informing the nature of the user’ s interaction platform, sending the user ‘s choice, sending the user ‘s location, etc. are examples of cases that may require the use of primitives. For example, we may also provide that we are particularly interested in the construct operation of the class. For example, the profile management component can be located on a server dedicated to the management of user profiles while the information search component can be located on an information server. Finally, in the case where a binary association has both a cardinality 0:1 and a cardinality 1:1 (which is rarely the case), it is preferable that the foreign key is on the side of the relation corresponding to the entity located on the side of cardinality 1:1. For example, we may also provide XML (eXtensible Markup Language) for rendering in terms of human-machine interface. Remember, data modeling must go beyond phase 1 of the project. On the other hand we may also provide a list of controls for the implementation of analytic projects. Therefore, it takes time and a good knowledge of the questions to ask, two parameters that are often missing from the project team to answer these questions. These rules are sometimes given to you but you may have to establish them yourself in two cases: You are at the same time project management, and you develop an application for your account and/or according to your own instructions. For example, we may also provide an association of functions and a deployment of agents through the administration interface using other DBMS such as Oracle. On the other hand, we may also provide a portlet that is a computer application that runs on the server side that can be placed in a web portal, which then serves as a container. Commercial customization systems are also available. It therefore seems that software agents would be well-suited to the development of flexible and scalable custom information systems. That is, well - defined tasks in an organized whole. These methods therefore provide both the implementation of a new personalized information system and the customization of an existing

Architectures and Methods for Customized is Development

157

information system. On the other hand, there is also a lot of work going on here. For example, we may also provide attributes that were necessary to provide an explanation to the user about the response recommended by the customization system. Remember, the analysis of the system shows that each method gives more or less importance to criteria in relation to its initial objectives (scope). On the other hand, the only constraint that these agents must meet is to have a close link with the coordinating agent so that they can be located for availability purposes. For example, we may also provide that we check if the system tells him that there is a musical live performance (Figures 21.1–21.5).

Figure 21.1: Pattern UML Diagram Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed. en. Author: Tihomiravk.

158

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

Figure 21.2: Data model in UML version 3 of the GNU General Public License https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl-3.0.html. Author: AutumnSnow.

Figure 21.3: UML delivery system Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en. Author: LynxFeni.

Architectures and Methods for Customized is Development

159

Figure 21.4: UML for the Specification design pattern Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: IToshkov.

Figure 21.5: UXF sequence diagram Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Jcbeeck at English Wikipedia.

CHAPTER

22

INTELLIGENT AGENTS

It should be necessary to design the database of users in the case of a first development of a personalized service. For example, we may also provide that, in general, inheritance can be implemented at the relational level by using a foreign key to the parent relationship, as the primary key for the child relationship. On the other hand, we may also intervene for programming based on software agents with a methodology for open multi-agent systems. Remember, even if these architectures seem different from each other, they respond well to the objectives defined for each of these personalization systems. Also, there are functional dependencies that are directly represented on the system in order to reduce the identifiers of associations considered too broad. Indeed, it is enough that the machine on which the administration tool is launched breaks down or is stopped inadvertently so that there is no more possibility of evolution. As an example, it would be interesting to design a cache that is managed by the platform itself relying on the handling of Java classes (ClassLoader) carried out by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). For example, we may also provide data that is organized as an ontology using these languages. On the other hand, a history is represented according to a set of pairs of values, where - a is the type of action (objective, query, goal, etc.) desired. For example, we may also provide efficiency for the designers, and the quality of the design work would undoubtedly be enhanced by the existence in the

162

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

system of a tool for a tutor who teaches the designer the use of languages, models, procedures, formalisms, and techniques used by the tool and an explanatory module capable of explaining to the designer why a certain design result has been achieved. For example, we may also provide autoincrement under MySQL: Select CREATE TABLE MusicType (id_t INT AUTO_INCREMENT, genre_t VARCHAR (30), PRIMARY KEY (id_t)); Under PostgreSQL: Select CREATE TABLE TypeMusic (SERIAL_id, genre_t VARCHAR (30), PRIMARY KEY (id_t)); SERIAL will implicitly create a sequence that increments. On the other hand, the perspectives of this work include management and the use of web page auditors: and this technique consists of centralizing the collection of information by an external application. The personalization evaluations, therefore, focus on a study of the quality, a priori, of the personalization provided to the user. For example, we may also provide a system that is based on the location, direction, and preferences of the user to search for musical live performances places that might be of interest to the user. On the other hand, a use of this tool automatically generates the code, which greatly facilitates the realization of this system and promotes the use of the method. Therefore, a performance of an information system is essentially deterministic, that is, depending mainly on how it was designed and implemented and the precise set of operating conditions in which it is used. On the other hand, that method is not suitable for regular activities that could be performed at no regular time and unnecessarily overburden the schedule. For example, we may also provide a manager that implements other services such as displaying agent trace messages or setting the agent trace level. Therefore, the schedule is updated according to the choices of the user and his profile. For example, a type of customization may require a particular customization method (because this method is the most appropriate to meet the set objectives) and may also require a well-defined information gathering technique. The information system has therefore been broken down into three services: music agendas, music search, and musical live performances information. For example, we may also, after studying the management rules, establish the following data dictionary: tel_i telephone number of a registrant, lastname_i last name of a registrant, firstname_i first name of a registrant, tel_mobile_i mobile number of a registrant, postal_i postal code

Intelligent Agents

163

of a registrant, email_i email address of a registrant, id_i numerical identifier of a registrant, city_i city where a registrant lives, date_birth_i date of birth of a registrant, Date In the format YYYY-DD-MM, id_t num type of song, summary_l summary of a song, label_t label of song type, firstname_a first name of an song author, id_a author’s numeric identifier, title_l title of a song, id_l numerical identifier of a song, year_l year of publication of a song, id_ed numeric identifier of song, ref_e reference code of a copy of a song and this reference will also serve as identifier in this system, lastname_a last name of song author, date_birth_a date of birth of a song author, date_dl digital identifier of a date and the date of the download date in the format yyyy-dd-mm, time_em download time when downloading the song, id_p numeric identifier of a country, and name_p name of a country. On the other hand, Either the data is atomic or it is not, in which case it must be analyzed. However, as pointed out above, the current formulation seems sufficient to carry out essentially qualitative studies. It is also this last view that is built first, just after the specification is established, to set the contours of the system to achieve with its features called, in the UML terminology, use cases. For example, we may also provide a history records only the behaviors of the user of which the latter has several alternatives. Our work is therefore in line with work on plasticity and context awareness. On the other hand, a concept of a computer master plan was born in the banks and the big administrations faced with the need to plan heavier investments, to master the human aspects related to the modification of the working methods and contribution of the four methods for the construction of a method for the development of personalized IS.

22.1. AGENT THEORIES To promote interchangeability, an application can generate a result in that defined language; so any other application will use this result as input data. On the other hand, a description sheet is not standardized by UML. For example, we may also provide constraint networks to describe user preferences against a set of possible solutions. On the other hand, we may also use synchronous communication with a calling application waiting for a response from to continue its execution. For example, we may also provide that we create a data model first and foremost to make data understandable, in other words, readable and usable by users. Therefore, a model is an abstraction of reality so much to better understand the system.

164

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

The experts propose a four-component tutorial architecture: the interface, the expert module, the tutor, and the knowledge base. On the other hand, when no agent has the proper skill, a request is stored at the root agent level until one of the agents forming the system acquires this skill to perform the task. For example, we may have a relationship containing information about a song. On the other hand, this can be explained by the fact that the activities carried out for the mobility of the agent do not always correspond to the proposed business model. They can be at the level of two different agents that can even be located on different machines but provided that the two agents have a relationship of acquaintance both with the agent having the source behavior to request the services of the agent with the destination behavior. Obviously, a transformation of these messages is performed (by the communication agent, which will be described later) so that the messages sent by the external applications are understandable by the software agents and vice versa. For example, we may also provide an adaptive information service based on software agents. Different techniques are used for the implicit collection of information in the web: analysis of log files of web servers: log files (or logs) are used to keep track of the activity of the web server. On the other hand, even if in recent times the most used terms are customizations and customization, the term adaptability remains the best known in human-machine interaction. In addition, two collaborative filtering methods for customization have been described. For example, an address is obtained from a street, a city and a postal code: these are the last three data that are kept and therefore that will appear in the (and in the data dictionary). For example, we may also provide the context of the information to the users integrating several modes of musical live performances and their connections, and our objective is, on the one hand, to help the user in his approach of search for information and, on the other hand, of him provide a personalized result, that is to say all the necessary information and only the necessary information according to the recipient. As the previous chapter showed, none of the software engineering methods studied fully meet these criteria.

CHAPTER

23

ARCHITECTURES AND LANGUAGES The architecture must be constructed in such a way that it is important to assess whether the increasing use of IT entails risks in relation to the main objective to be achieved, namely the assurance of security. This chapter therefore describes some of our contributions to the personalization of human-machine interaction. Remember, there are no or very few methods dedicated to the analysis and design of a personalized information system. The management rules and constraints of the application are as follows: all people can create S; in this case they are organizers; the organizer is de facto a participant; only the organizer is authorized to manage A: lifecycle management (creation, opening, closing, and destruction), addition/ withdrawal of participants, addition/withdrawal of choices. For example, we may also provide and generate a user model based on their behavior and place it in the user profile database. In the same example, the invoices attribute is a collection (a set) of references to invoice type objects because the multiplicity is between O and *. The graphical aspect of UML holds the first attention of its users. In other words, it requires independence between the external reference data and the internal information at the base, while ensuring the continuity of the version link in versions. This association is therefore a data-carrying association. For example, we may also provide an analysis and specification of the service musical

166

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

live performances agenda service based on the agenda, the analysis and the specification of the service (functional needs capture, generic design, functional analysis, technical needs capture) that have been largely reduced. However, code generation with integrated environments is generally limited to structural elements. On the other hand, contexts of interaction are not taken into account in this application. For example, we may also provide an identification of the acquaintances and this step describes the relations between the different agents and their beliefs on the capacities of the ones of the others. This architecture therefore seems adapted and easily integrable into an expert design assistance system. We define customization as the ability of a dynamic site to produce resources based on the identity of the requester. For example, agents could reproduce dynamically using genetic algorithms to improve their adaptability and performance. Therefore, a theme of the operational safety studies of software systems networks is also the subject of a large number of publications from academia. Eventually, it will be a matter of coupling the software engineering workshop to a development environment (NetBeans or Eclipse, for example) so that the code generated from the modeling can be directly accessible through the development environment and that code changes made within the development environment can automatically be reflected at the modeling level. For example, we may also provide communicability as communication gives agents many possibilities. Mobility is another possible characteristic for an agent. The main content of this section is therefore the presentation of the modeling elements of the class diagram. On the other hand, Boyce and Codd are associated, probably because the disabling of this normal form supposes at least one key with two attributes in the starting relation. These descriptions can be as much about static location information with the agent located in one place and never changes location, as dynamic location information with the agent can change location dynamically depending on the tasks he or she wants to accomplish. This step then requires each development team to know the organization of the system and to position their contribution as a whole. The collected data are therefore analyzed to evaluate the characteristics of the human-machine interface. However, it is not easy to define appropriate contexts that can influence the decision of a user with respect to a set of choices. These data models can therefore be supplemented by object

Architectures and Languages

167

diagrams. This last point constitutes a strong constraint making the use of this tool incompatible. For example, the use case “information retrieval” can be considered in the use case diagram for analysis of agent models since to carry out information retrieval of the methods. The music search service was therefore used for the validation of and for the development of a new personalized service. For example, we may also provide and separate the information system seen as a set of services of the personalization system to take into account the multi-modality, the multi-channel, and the multi-platform systems. Remember, activities to be performed in each phase both at the level of the services to be customized and at the level of the personalization system have been described. In some cases, the design of the database is fully realized before the logical and conceptual models are created for documentation and support purposes. This work therefore addresses a challenge of search for optimization but also of securing hardware and/or software architectures in the context of Computer Science. It is a question of structuring and representing the objects of the business domain of the service by a series of static and dynamic diagrams. Obviously, a new datum is unlikely to be evaluated immediately for all lines already entered in the table and will therefore cause the NULL to appear. The idea is to use an extensible software engineering workshop (Microsoft Visio ©, for example) and to integrate the specific models and stereotypes offered by an extensible software engineering workshop. The coordinating agent therefore serves as a communication bridge between the different agents present. It is important to define agents at the same time for organizational considerations of files and also for reasons of choice of interfaces in visualization by recording or visualization by lists or tables. For example, we may also provide a cardinality on the Account entity in the relationship with the account line is either 0 (no writing on the account created) or n (bounded: max value): a number n of a line of account to create my account. For example, we may also provide music information; music main services personalization; music search; purchase of music; organization of music play-lists; type of music by genre; music by genre search; local music; display of albums; comparison between types of music; music by genre information; live music performances in surroundings; live music

168

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

performance schedules; etc. Indeed, distributions and availability could be facilitated thanks to the intrinsic characteristics of software agents. Our approach is therefore in line with the approaches that separate the Information System (IS) from the Customization System. For example, we may also provide an occurrence is present in one of the associations concerned by the exclusion constraint, it must not be present in one of the other associations concerned by this constraint. Using the same case study in the different phases of the development process therefore makes it easier to understand. For example, we may also provide the gradual launch of the new system in parallel with the existing system if possible, final acceptance of the product, the balance sheet exploitation, the full-scale operation of the new system, and the full-scale operation for a specific period. This gives rise to the operating file and the user manual. This also reduces the load on the network, the computing load on the user’s machine, and customized fault handling. For example, we may also provide design patterns and software architectures and many methods dedicated to ergonomic evaluations are proposed in the literature. The intentional agents therefore construct plans to achieve explicit goals. First of all, a sociological obstacle: any information system presupposes the ordering of the organization, a clear delimitation of the boundaries between the institutions that share the legitimate decision-making power. For example, we may also provide the system function: get (): + getUserConnected (): String Planning + getMusicalLivePerformances (in idMusicalLivePerformances: string): string + createMusicalLive Performances(in date: Date) + modifyMusicalLivePerformances (in idMusicalLivePerformances: string) + deleteMusicalLivePerformances (in idMusicalLivePerformances: string) + renderOutPut () Choice MusicalLivePerformancesPlanning + sendChoice (in data: string) + modifyMusicalLivePerformancesPlanning (in idMusicalLivePerformances: string) frmResultSearch frmPlanning ResultSearch -data + printAllMusicalLivePerformances (). For example, we may also provide a system that can be used in conjunction with the method for the development of a personalized information system. This system can be used for e-mail, advertising catalogs, web applications, call centers, etc. For example, it may be necessary to have a batch process both to group (offline, to meet the needs of system performance) users according to their degree of similarity. However, since they must be placed between the client and the server, these network monitors cannot capture the encrypted HTTP stream.

Architectures and Languages

169

It will then be necessary to specify the necessary rules for the automatic generation of the appropriate computer code relating to these models. This action can be performed through the available devices: a keystroke on the keyboard, a mouse action, the speech of the user via an audio input system, etc. For example, we may also provide the response times according to the filtering method used at the level of the profile management agents (Figures 23.1–23.14)

Figure 23.1: UML Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Gerardas Viršuta.

Figure 23.2: UML to SRP Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en. Author: Et.coder.

170

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

Figure 23.3: Specification UML v2 Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Shmuel Csaba Otto Traian.

Figure 23.4: Sequence diagram Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Gubaer at the German language Wikipedia.

Architectures and Languages

171

Figure 23.5: UML Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en. Author: Gerardas Viršuta.

Figure 23.6: ML Use Case diagram Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Poor Yorick.

172

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

Figure 23.7: Visitor UML class diagram Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Giacomo Ritucci.

Architectures and Languages

173

Figure 23.8: Associated Observation Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Mc peterchen.

Figure 23.9: Figure Editor Example in UML Creative Commons AttributionShare Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed. en Author: Cotttho.

174

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

Figure 23.10: Singleton pattern uml Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ deed.en. Author: Hpesoj00.

Figure 23.11: UML diagram of composition. Creative Commons AttributionShare Alike 3.0 Unportedhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed. en Author: Sae1962.

Architectures and Languages

175

Figure 23.12: UML Use Case diagram Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en Author: Slashme.

Figure 23.13: AFTv5 High-Level Flow (UML Sequence) Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/bysa/3.0/deed.en Author: Yoni OmniTI.

176

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

Figure 23.14: UML role example Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Esap at en.wikipedia.

CHAPTER

24

MULTI-FACTOR CONCEPTS If one that defines a software agent as a computer system that exists in a complex and dynamic environment, perceives and acts autonomously in that environment, and thereby achieves a set of goals and tasks for which it is designed or an agent as a software system capable of acting autonomously and flexibly in an environment both correspond to the definitions of the agents used for the agent-based personalization systems described later. The reuse of the knowledge gained from them to therefore be more effective in the design of a new system of this same category. For the customization of the container, take the example of a word processing application. This documentation is therefore used to facilitate exchanges between the various stakeholders in all phases of the process of development and maintenance of the computer system. For example, we may also provide an activities focus on class and interaction diagrams. The architecture therefore corresponds to agents interacting with the user in order to identify the user’s query and/or assist in expressing his demands. For example, we may also provide the system built from a multi-agent architecture which gives it the characteristics of mobility and learning him both the distributivity and the availability of its entities and the characteristics of adaptability, of autonomy and support him so much to take into account different types of customization. These applications focused on the development of a tablet-enabled Musical Live Performances agenda, a PC-based MusicalLivePerformances agenda, PC-based wizard for Musical Live Performances-related, and an application for music search.

178

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

The examples of services developed as part of this application show that our method and our personalization system take into account different types of customization, with reuse of existing customization, and favor an incremental development. These agents may carry different names (assistants agents, user agents, agents guides, for example) but their main functions proves the same: assist the user in carrying out its task by providing autonomous services that is that is, without the user having to make the request. For example, we may also provide a compromise between these methods with the so-called three-phase approach, which makes a distinction between conditional and unconditional activities: first phase: time management following a clock or event approach; second phase: execution of all unconditional activities; third phase: interrogation of the active entities concerned by the conditional activities and execution of these activities. Remember, if the spatial position of the entities of a model is taken into account by it, it is called spatialized. For example, we may also provide agents designed to be flexible in a dynamic and scalable environment with design methods for a componentbased environment. On the other hand, a notion of cognitive methods proposed by 1983 has its origin in the search for traditional information. Therefore, suppose the user chooses information with multi-modal information systems for contributions and potentialities in the optimization of music personalization. For example, we may also provide diagrams of use cases for the personalized music search service provide a functional analysis based on the use case diagram from the functional requirements capture step, and we have structured and modeled the business objects of the service. It is this type of treatment that attempts to respond to the management rules not met. For example, we may also provide that to disconnect an agent, we simply select the agent in the agent connected window and disconnect it from the context menu or a general menu. It is therefore up to a user to interact graphically with software agents in component execution. For example, we may also provide proposed models for the analysis and specification of the service. The analysis of agent models distinguish different areas of activity of agents. The conceptual model of the data relating to the library system is therefore represented in a personalization system supporting these method. The

Multi-Factor Concepts

179

previous chapter therefore described a named method for the development of a personalized information system. When working with application development roles whose title of the function contains the terms “data,” “developer,” or “database,” it is therefore quite possible to use traditional notation with geometric shapes and traits, such as information engineering notation. We found that the system therefore sent an SMS to the user who is being moved and sent an email to the other user based on the assumption that the user consults his emails at least once a day and will be able to see the musical live performances information in time.

CHAPTER

25

GUIDING CONSTRAINT RELAXATIONS An activity model for information takes into account users, data, and interaction platforms. However all these definitions relate to the capacity of modification of the interaction man-machine. The user therefore identifies himself to a web interface and can then initiate a music search request. For example, a user may prefer one type of music when the weather is nice and choose a different type of music when it is raining or when it is very cold. For example, we may also provide a main axis according to which a user model can contribute to personalization. We will therefore now discuss these conversion rules more precisely. In the example, the first responsibility could be attributes and the following could be associations. They also have methods that try to describe a user’s behavior (eating, drinking, sleeping, etc.), their physiology (being hungry, thirsty, having sleep, etc.), etc. A second blocking point in our study was obtaining reliability/availability data specific to physical or software failures of information systems. The modes of music therefore considered are jazz, rock, soul, blues, classical, classic rock, etc. On the other hand we may also provide a user interface with the visualization and the manual modification of a profile of a user. There is only one possible occurrence of the property for an occurrence of the entity. For example, we may also provide the Cumulative debit property in the client is repeated in the client entity, it must be moved to a separate entity (or a separate relationship): accumulated flow of the month (expression of the turnover) between an employee, a customer and his ordered products.

182

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

Before they can be used, these agents need enough time and are limited to the situations they know. This example is composed of two application agents (Research and Profile) and two system agents (Communication and Coordination). This service therefore uses another type of customization, the goal being to demonstrate the ability to integrate different types of customization. For example, we may also provide methods studied concerned two collaborative filtering methods: the vector similarity method and the Pearson method. The most general term is therefore that of adaptivity, regularly used in the community, which characterizes a human-machine interface capable of capturing information (needs, preferences, etc.) on the running user and adapts to this information. On the other hand an identifier of a relation is the Cartesian product (concatenation) of the identifiers of the entities associated by the relation. This supposes that we give up going beyond a certain degree of detail, but how to define and design a repository? Be it the recording of the behavior of users, grouping similar users, choosing the platform of interaction, modification, deletion of the user profile, creation, sending the information of mobility, etc.. This paper therefore presents a specific method, based on the use of the platform and the different phases of the methods. The general architecture is therefore composed of different agents and this feature should be available in the tools very soon. We have therefore presented various ways of understanding the organization of the project but also various components that interfere in its development. Personalization in information systems therefore insists on the automatic nature of customization without the user explicitly providing his preferences. For example, we may also provide applied user modeling, implicit collection of preferences, and the collaborative filtering method based on user preferences and behaviors proposed for customizing musical live performances. This event can therefore be defined by the conjunction of the failure of multiple components. This generic design can also lead to the development of one or more prototypes in order to verify and validate the defined principles. We therefore define the user model as the image that the computer system has of the user. We have therefore proposed a method for the development of personalized information systems. The “send” primitive has therefore been used to send to the user’s choice and to modify the profile by the user.

Guiding Constraint Relaxations

183

Some of these workshops are also therefore attempting to reverse engineer a system already built: from the code, building the UML model. For example, we describe a message sent in parallel by the search (this agent is responsible for the search for musical live performances information), coordinator agent to agents (it is an agent whose role is to search for musical live performances information from its surroundings), and search regional (deals with inter-regional musical live performances information). This automatic reorganization may therefore require the use of constraint satisfaction methods, for example. Rights management in the portal is based on the definition of roles. An agent is therefore an atomic agent that has learned functions through communications. A user agent therefore represents a single user and has access to the full profile of the user it represents. In what follows, we use the same notations with the same meanings as the above. In addition, this tool must remain active to continue to ensure the communication link between the user and agents. From the current and future management rules, design the future. For example, we may also provide a training that therefore offers a personalization on specific aspects of information (modeling, networks), or computer science (information systems, computation grids, data mining). On the other hand, a rule relies once again on the notion of direct functional dependencies but is not always respected, it is sometimes semantically preferable to keep a distinction between the two entities, and a solution is to centralize the file management system.

CHAPTER

26

DISTRIBUTED CONSTRAINT SATISFACTION If users give some information directly, they can be used to customize the elements of the interface. For example, we may also provide adequate methods for the development of personalized information system should respond to three dimensions: the methodology dimension to describe the different phases and their sequences for the development of the application, the technology dimension to take into account the techniques used for customization such as software agent-based programming, client-server mode or XML usage, and the representation dimension for application specification and modeling. Classes are therefore completed and detailed interactively through an analysis of system dynamics modeled by sequence, collaboration and state diagrams. Here, we analyze, for each agent, the appropriate behaviors for the realization of his roles. We then note that a well-modeled database contains a large number of tables, with a small number of columns per table. The tasks for which these agents are useful are essentially network watch tasks with the agent triggers actions based on events and warns the user, and performing interactions with servers (for example, collecting of data). Indeed, information systems are not always fully computerized and already existed before the advent of new information and communications technologies, of which computer science is an integral part. For example, we may also provide a web database or on a heterogeneous database are therefore based on software agents.

186

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

Finally, this chapter concerns proposals for modeling formalisms useful for the analysis and design of personalized information systems. The verification of knowledge related to the domain is well known in the professional world that designers become experts in an application domain given by their experience. For example, we may also provide based on the hierarchical structure to achieve a task delegation mechanism. It is to communicate the IS and for the adaptation of the service developed in the IS part. On the other hand Agent Behavior associated with other behavior means that at least one service or action (internal or proactive) of the source behavior needs the destination behavior for the purpose. For example, we may also provide a remote terminal unit machine which is a device installed at a remote location, gathering data for transmission to a central station.

26.1 PROTOTYPES OF USER MODEL-BASED INTELLIGENT AGENTS It is in this phase that the types of interaction: diffusion of messages and direct communication, between the agents are defined. Other tests are envisaged, in particular the verification of the compatibility compared to other versions of these navigators and compared to other navigators (Opera, Firefox, etc.). These data models will therefore serve as a common support between the IS part (especially in the design and implementation phases of the service) and the agent part (especially in the design and implementation phases of the agents’ behaviors). For example, we may also provide the ultimate goal is to have methods and tools capable of evaluating the reliability/availability of the system, IE the integrated set of layers that are the systems. Information, this paper focuses mainly on the layers of a system and information systems. On the other hand, using built-in development environments to generate code from the design template is recommended. In fact, XML is now a standard for interchange of data between applications. For example, we may also provide integration tests to verify and validate the compatibility of the different interfaces of the components. The data contained in the (and therefore in the data dictionary) must be, in most cases, elementary: They must not be calculated: the calculated data must be obtained, by calculation, from elementary data, which are kept in base.

Distributed Constraint Satisfaction

187

Emphasis is also placed on application recovery and re-engineering, model engineering and, more generally, high-level modeling and analysis for IT project management. Systems are therefore typically designed with one or more dedicated customization methods that are fixed to meet a welldefined type of customization. These phases follow the analysis model to respond to service evolution constraints. The client is therefore composed of two agents (spatial agent and cache agent) and three components (interface handler, tablet controller, and communication modules) and a spatial agent that continuously monitors the GPS outputs to extract the position and the direction of the user. In this exchange, we describe the main difficulties faced by companies wishing to create data models. For example, we may also provide an active entity executes an activity, it also acts on the schedule: it can insert new events, delete others. More specifically, in the use case diagram, some use cases attempt to create and delete instances of business classes, but it is possible that some business classes have been forgotten because they have been highlighted later. For example, it is much easier to develop mobile agents with a platform than with the Agent-Oriented Software platform, which is fine suitable for the development of type agents (Figures 26.1–26.14).

Figure 26.1: Chain of responsibility UML diagram Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ deed.en Author: Olimpiu.pop.

188

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

Figure 26.2: UML scheme of Multiton design pattern Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-sa/4.0/deed.en. Author: Arman musikyan.

Figure 26.3: Flexible Tagged Format UML Diagram Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/bysa/3.0/deed.en Author: Folterj.

Distributed Constraint Satisfaction

189

Figure 26.4: Observer UML Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en. Author: Maks9889.

Figure 26.5: UML diagram of composition over inheritance Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/bysa/3.0/deed.en Author: Sae1962.

190

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

Figure 26.6: UML Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic license. https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/deed.en Author: Jorm (WMF).

Figure 26.7: Example of Psd2template php code. Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ deed.en Author: Jason S. McDonald.

Distributed Constraint Satisfaction

191

Figure 26.8: UML Sequence diagram Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Moribunt.

Figure 26.9: UML GodObject Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en Author: Et.coder.

192

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

Figure 26.10: Bridge software design pattern UML diagram. Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Radowod.

Figure 26.11: Spark wordcount uml Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en Author: Marcellombersani.

Distributed Constraint Satisfaction

193

Figure 26.12: Compiler Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Giacomo Ritucci.

Figure 26.13: UML class diagram describing the Prototype design pattern Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Giacomo Ritucci.

194

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

Figure 26.14: UML class Diagram version 3 of the GNU General Public License Author: Donald Bell.

CHAPTER

27

DOCUMENT FILTERING AND NAVIGATION However, specifying a system with UML does not exclude system modeling with formal models. For example, we may also provide system modeling that is more formal than UML graphical diagrams. Our approach is therefore a contribution to the methods of implicit collection of user information. For example, we may also provide models for the development of personalized information systems. In order to facilitate the development of personalized information systems, we propose models for the personalization of human-computer interaction. In the specific case of our study, this lack could be circumvented via comparative studies, IE studies where one seeks to determine a more optimal architecture compared to another and not compared to objectives. real reliability. An agent is therefore represented by an object with the name of the agent. On the other hand we may also present a classification of the different personalization system agents presented above with respect to five agent models. For example, we may also indicate how the data will be organized. This is therefore an intermediate step that can be important, especially if you are working on the same database, with a large volume. I will therefore briefly describe the one that I prefer. These relationships will eventually make our tables at the physical level. For example, we may also not limit the number of occurrences of this relationship, treated in addition to keep the different marriages of the

196

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

registrants in the event of divorce (the interest is certainly very limited in the context of the management of the songs for a music library). We may also change the organization of the multi-agent system agent distribution with distribution that involves sending agents in platforms located on the network. On the other hand an implementation of agent behaviors is the actual achievement of agent behaviors. However, these remain specific to software systems networks alone. For example, we may also show at what level (against the criteria) elements of these methods might be involved in the construction of a new method of analysis and design of a personalized information system. For example, we may also provide a common usage to write the constructor of a class as the initialization of the part of the state managed by/defined in the parent class, and then the initialization of the specific attributes added in the child class. For filtering based on the user’s profile, the number of users therefore registered in the system does not affect system performance. In fact, the tools that have not integrated the methodological approach that they support, it is the designer of acquire the approach to be able to use the tool correctly with the adaptation of the phases of the model. Our goal is to therefore analyze the user’s history to update the weighted data and his preferences. For example, a ballasting process involves the computerized management of the periodicals file and the control of the receipt of periodicals. The activity gives an example of message exchange between an external application (a web server) and the agents of. If you want to read more about this subject, I recommend articles on computerized management.

CHAPTER

28

AGENT COMMUNICATION LANGUAGES For example, we may also provide a better function to evaluate it by observation. On the other hand with some cases, the operation in the child class is an “extension” of the body of the corresponding operation of the parent class. This is therefore the information representing the user’s preferences. Although there is no single definition for a software agent, the definitions on multi-agent systems are more or less similar. The human expert therefore masters the design activity because he combines his knowledge of techniques with experimental knowledge. For example, we may also provide a separation of data and treatments that ensures longevity to the model. The architecture is therefore naturally recalled here since our research work is in line with the work. This chapter therefore aims at finding a method for the analysis, design, and modeling of personalized information systems. In the context of information to users integrating several modes of musical live performances and their connections, our objective is, on the one hand, to help the user in his search process, provide information and, on the other hand, to provide a personalized result, that is to say all the necessary information and only the necessary information according to the recipient. For example, we may also provide a primitive request used for custom music search. And we therefore show a class diagram of the administration agent named manager. To remain homogeneous with the technologies already used with the calendar service, the planning page has therefore

198

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

been implemented and the display has been realized thanks to XSLT transformations. Proposing a structuring of this four-part form as described provides a relation and representation of a logical relation (circumstantial or permanent) between several entities, devoid of existence and related to the rules of management of the company. It therefore suffices that there is a connection path connecting an agent with the coordinating officer. This agent uses the knowledge of the user based on an ontology to assist the user in the formulation of his requests and for the presentation of the results. The various elements identified here should therefore be investigated to see how adaptable they are to the study of a network with a system. In this context, a thesis has just been started to provide methods adapted to the evaluations (technical and ergonomic) of personalized information systems. On the other hand, after the deployment of the agents, tests of verification of the good functioning of the components should be carried out by a simulation of the data which should come from the external applications. The creation of the agents, the combination of their functions and their deployment should also be carried out through the administration interface. For example, we may also provide HMI constraints with sequences of appearance of interfaces, elements trigger-able by the user: confidentiality, availability, frequency, competition, integrity, and response time. On the other hand, one of the users may plan an attendance of a live performance three days after the date of the other. For example, nothing requires us here to create an entity. On the other hand, when the user is disconnected, all the resources allocated to him are taken back. We have therefore been able to explore on the basis of experiences from the modeling of the information system dedicated to cooperation projects of typology and very different actors.

CHAPTER

29

A NEW GRAPH-THEORETIC APPROACH We define the dimensions and indicators of a multidimensional model as the elements of both answering about a business process with questions such as the following. For example, you may wonder, “Can you recommend a method both to guarantee accuracy in case of conflict in definitions and specifications?” remember, there are two approaches to building personalization systems. A scalable personalization system is about reducing costs because it could benefit from the already existing modules for setting up a new personalized service. A relationship therefore has a name that usually corresponds to the name of the entity or association that corresponds to it. In addition to these questions of definitions, practical questions also arise: if everything is simple in principle in the conceptual field, in fact everything becomes very complicated as soon as the number of classes increases, the links multiply: “class diagrams “from UML illustrate this complexity. The use of a communication language therefore facilitates the integration of applications as it defines a standardization. For a user request, the system therefore recommends the document with the lowest distance. The association “to write” can thus be identified by the concatenation of the properties id_a and id_b. Our emulator is therefore agent-based which facilitates its integration. The analysis of this interaction diagram therefore allows us to define the relationships of acquaintances described. It will therefore be to develop the type of customization and review the service to take it into account.

200

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

These terms are therefore used for terms customization and customization has arrived with the development of the Internet where they are widely used to qualify a site as adaptable. For example, we may also provide a number of entities associated by a relation (binary, ternary, quaternary relation). The logic model therefore represents a software choice for the information system. On the other hand, we must mark certain particular values: positive infinity, negative infinity, future, past. Therefore, an autonomous agent can operate, not only in parallel with the user, but especially on his own initiative without explicit request of the user. user (in this case, we are talking about pro-activity of the agent). These functions would therefore then be added to the agents and then set according to the application domain. For example, the learning criteria would be associated with the modes of musical live performances in the case of a music search application or would be associated with keywords in the case of a digital document search application. Elementary data, in accordance with the company’s management rules and according to the data dictionary, describes the entities or relations. This is the coordination model that is responsible for the coordination of the different agents, the profile model that manages the user profiles, support modes that are presented as an interface between the user and the system, the search pattern for information retrieval, and an administration model that manages and observes executions of agents in the system.

CHAPTER

30

USER MODELING AND PERSONALIZATION OF HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION Software is more easily reusable when communication is standardized. For example, we may simulate users who chose the same music with several changes. The first questions therefore attempt to identify dimensions while the last define indicators. We also propose models for the representation of the user profile and for the collection of user information. These choices should therefore be established not only because of the proximity or because we work together, particularly in the frameworks and projects, but also and above all because that certain principles, which we will detail later, appeared to us relevant, which could facilitate the design of our personalization system. The connection of an agent therefore involves inviting an existing agent to connect to and participate in the execution of a task. At the implementation level, a skill corresponds to a Java class inheriting from the DefaultSkill class provided by the API whose public methods correspond to the tasks that the agent can perform and put at the service of the other agents composing the multistage system. For example, we may also try to implement customization in existing information systems or in construction. On the other hand, UML represents a software system with two complementary aspects: static or structural modeling and dynamic or behavioral modeling.

202

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

Therefore, to connect an agent, the user chooses the agent name and the supervisor to be connected to wap and palm, and users can provide data in digital formats to meet practical usability needs. For example, we may also provide that if one wishes to limit the number of marriages to 1 for a person, it will be enough to place a place a treatment which will verify the number of occurrence for a registered person in the relation. For example, we may also provide agent models for each external resource that the system must access. For example, we may also provide a description of the different physical locations where the software agents will run. As we pointed out above, the sending of SMS is simulated through our mobile phone emulator. On the other hand, graph-based modeling is more accurate than an informal description in natural language. For example, we may also provide this version which then serves as a basis for other design offices and practical work. On the other hand, it monitors the actions of the user over long periods of time, finds patterns, and proposes to automate them. Each logged in user therefore inherits one or more roles that define their profile and condition access to portal services and information. For example, we say the system will collect the choice of the user instead of saying the user must check music then click on the validate button (Figures 30.1 and 30.2).

Figure 30.1: Nonce UML diagram Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en Author: Cameltrader.

User Modeling and Personalization of Human-Computer Interaction

203

Figure 30.2: Aspect-Oriented Figure Editor in UML Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/bysa/3.0/deed.en Author: Cotttho.

CHAPTER

31

MODELING RATIONAL AGENTS The coordinating agent therefore distributes the messages to the applicable application agents and sends responses to external applications. These models could therefore be adapted according to the field of application to be integrated with. These subjects are therefore studied more specifically in the deepening pathways, for example. It has a number of models (or schemes) that are distributed over levels: the logical or organizational level, the conceptual level, and the physical level. With respect to reverse engineering, instead of starting from scratch and developing the data models based on new system specifications, we therefore organize the attributes and rules according to the current modes of operation of the systems. Application log files are therefore used to keep track of intrinsic events related to the actual operation of the application. These messages can therefore be structured in XML format. These methods are therefore the most representative of the systemic methods of analysis and design of information system. The software specification can therefore be supplemented with technical use case diagrams. Profile management is therefore provided by agents whose main role is to maintain a database containing user queries and their preferences. The coordinating model agents therefore coordinate and plan the activities needed to provide the user with a personalized response as quickly as possible. Mobile agents therefore refer to programs that can migrate to a computer network and act on behalf of the user or other entity.

206

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

For example, we may also provide and mean by a personalization system, a software system that has a custom human-machine interaction (in this case the personalization system provides the functions of user information collection, user modeling and methods. It is therefore enough to consider the root of the obtained tree since all the child nodes necessarily correspond to specialized agent models. On the other hand, a few words about the content of each type of diagram: case of use: interactions between the system and users (and other external systems). For example, we may also provide that disconnecting an agent consists of removing it. The facts, indicators, and dimensions contained in a multidimensional model are therefore not simply obtained through the work of optimizing an entity-association model through techniques such as normalization. Therefore, identifying the agent templates required to implement the customer service is based on the use case diagrams and deployment diagrams for the service analysis phase. On the other hand, increased use of IT means modifying conventional dependability studies by: the share of it equipment in the networks, introducing new components into the distribution network, and the introduction of new failure modes and new malfunctions that may have different time horizons than those of the system alone.

CHAPTER

32

AGENT ANALYSIS In the definition of the agent structure phase, the definition of the structure of each agent is therefore carried out through class diagrams. And sometimes, it is very difficult to provide an effective method for capturing context without burdening human-machine interaction. This first part therefore introduces the concept of agent and multi-agent system into a personalization framework since many personalization systems are built in the same way as a software agent database. We therefore call it virtual file management as opposed to the classic (real) file management system. One of the objectives of our work is therefore to make a more generic system so that it can take into account other types of customization (customize musical live performances information, take into account the diversity of interaction platforms, etc.). They are therefore performed after the interconnection of some parts of the system but before assembly of the entire system. An agent is therefore an entity with a certain number of functions. For example, a bank may therefore have defined the areas of cash management, customer management, financial holdings management, human resources management, and so on. The employment pool is therefore that of the gaming industry, it services companies, it departments of large companies, internet and e-commerce companies, banks and insurance companies, as well as research and development centers.

208

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

Starting with an inventory of methods and tools for the simulation of the reliability and availability of IS and a system in support of the system distribution, this chapter focuses on carrying out a study of the operating safety of information systems in support of a system using a platform (a platform developed by R & D). On the other hand, deficiencies in relation to the criteria defined are mainly at the level of the technology and representation dimensions. It is therefore this agent who decides whether to inform the user of the proximity information. This section has therefore presented a suitable reference framework for the study of software engineering methods for the purpose of analyzing, designing and modeling personalized information systems. The system model is therefore in the early stages of this process and is necessarily a simplification of the real system. For example, we may also provide a coordination that corresponds to agents whose role is to supervise the processing of requests. We will therefore begin by considering user preferences for climatic conditions for recommending musical live performances. The most used current approach is therefore to use a web service communication that uses the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP). Implementation of the service for provision of musical live performances information on a web portal has therefore been implemented as a portlet that can be displayed on the user’s home page. This agent therefore differs from other agents. Many works are therefore carried out for the construction of personalization systems for a summary of the various personalization systems. On the other hand, system tests should therefore be carried out after the total assembly of the system, and these tests try to check if all needs are met.

CHAPTER

33

AGENT BEHAVIOR DESIGN The system proposes the preferred music by the user and displays on a display the different music by giving music personalization, download time, musical live performances, etc. The real-time data is collected by interrogation, surveillance, sensors, and others. Prototypes of different services are therefore described: a music agenda service, a musical live performances information service, and a music search service. For example, we may also provide a classification of the agents of the personalization systems studied. The purpose of this method is to come up with an information system. You may wonder, “What are the main differences, in terms of modeling, between a relational database and a NoSQL database?” For example, we may also provide a communicator part that uses the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) for interaction with external applications that can be written with any programming language. Whenever the user changes pages, the system therefore refocuses his searches according to the new pages. On the other hand, we may also connect to the destination platform and create an agent bearing his name to teach him his functions to teach him his acquaintances. For example, we may also provide and inform agents knowing him of his new locality to destroy himself with the integration of enterprise applications. Discrete event models therefore provide, in the case where the basic objects of the conceptual model correspond to organisms, from the modeled system, that is to say to biological individualists in their own right, the model is said to be self-centered.

210

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

The methods therefore developed to evaluate the behavior of a hybrid system incorporating the system and its IT therefore remain essentially academic and are still far from industrialized. We therefore show the activities performed during the execution of the “Preferences” internal action for the skills. Thus, applications do not work on common data structures and therefore do not interfere with each other. Last but not least, there is a philosophical obstacle. Therefore, the other modes of treatment (batch, synchronous and asynchronous) are also to be considered. However this hierarchical organization informs on the domains of activities whose agents resulting from these models belong. The traditional assessment of the operating safety of the network is therefore focused on failures of equipment and materials physically belonging to the network. The association must therefore be binary (IE connect only two entities and not more). On the other hand, is very rare to find a system that ensures the personalization of the container as well as the content, for example. This can serve as a knowledge base for updating static data and weighted data. The knowledge we are studying in this chapter and the following is encapsulation: any class designer chooses the attributes and operations that he wants to make visible/accessible from all other classes, or visible/ accessible only from the child classes, or not visible/not accessible. For example, we may also provide a multimedia E-commerce application coupling HTML and Voice-XML. For example, if the identified defect only concerns the quality of the customization (customization evaluation step), it is very likely that the problem comes from the customization system so the part (search for very limited information, methods of customization not effective, etc.).

CHAPTER

34

AGENT BEHAVIOR IMPLEMENTATION UML divides the visualization of a model into diagrams that correspond to different views. For example, we may also provide a way of choosing a conceptual diagram, because several are possible for the same field of application in the transition from the conceptual schema to the physical schema. The major functions for these systems are therefore to manage the user profile and the selection of relevant data that third-party applications are responsible for presenting to the user. Among these, my favorite is the notion of data inheritance. Also, it is not possible to use this tool (as it is currently provided) to interact with agents that are not launched through the graphics environment. The system proposed therefore uses a mobile agent for adapting the data of a multimedia server according to the specific needs of the user or the constraints related to the medium of communication. It is therefore a question of providing the user with all the necessary information and only the necessary information. For example, a user subscribes to the service by giving the time and place of musical live performances, and chooses the lines of correspondence. These are therefore management rules to appear on your schema. The agent GIS agent and cache agent are therefore coordinated by the musical live performances agent. Its role seems to be the same as that of the tool provided by the platform. We therefore ensure an essential degree of involvement of the user who intervenes at the beginning and at the end of the cycles.

212

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

For example, we may also provide a generic software development process, that is, it needs to be adapted to the context of the project, team, domain and/or organization. Corrective maintenance therefore only applies to the developed software. Its main objective is therefore to put in place all the means necessary for the reception and the launching of the new IS. The commissioning is therefore carried out in stages, with the installation it aims to deliver the software to the users and to prepare starting the operation. It therefore involves integrating business and application functions into the technical architecture defined in the generic design phase. The full evaluations of this service are therefore not yet done. Of course, the communication agent first transmits the message to the coordinating agent who will send the request to the appropriate agent. The sub-model is therefore composite: it is a discrete model that integrates a continuous model with compartment, deterministic, the sub-modules, etc.. The work from web mining is therefore interested in the analysis of this kind of file to identify the behavior of the user. The system itself therefore searches for the data the user needs. Modelbased collaborative filtering therefore defines one or more models that will be instantiated for a given user. We may therefore also provide a multi-agent system for ubiquitous and intelligent content delivery.

CHAPTER

35

SERVICE ANALYSIS

If a private attribute of the parent class must be present in its child classes (that is, it must be accessible by the child classes), or if an attribute is accessed only by its child classes, this attribute has protected visibility (attribute prefixed with “#” in the parent class). Here is an example of associative relation resulting from the association to write: (id_a #, id_l #) Key: x: relation x: primary key x #: foreign key. In the case of associations carrying data, the data staves become attributes of the corresponding relation. To mark this fundamental difference with the links of association between classes, in the object-oriented approach, these links of association include the stereotype “require.” For example, a meeting may be organized with a limited number of places, so keep a record of those who have already met to promote those who have not yet had the chance. This criterion is important so that the customization system can support machine learning methods that sometimes require a lot of resources. The computerization begins with the establishment of specifications with the client followed by the analysis which aims to model the problems. It turns out that personalization is a complex issue that requires several disciplines in the fields of information science and humanities. For example, we may also provide adaptation of a multimedia application by a mobile code. Therefore, we may also use functional tests, which most often arise from use cases, both to verify the suitability of functions between the requirements

214

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

specification and the implementation. These features are therefore already provided by the platform and will be used directly by the music search service. Classification of customization methods according to the context used and the type of filtering adapted from each family of methods is therefore both diversified and constantly evolving. For example, the following management rules may be set: for each CD, you must know the type, and the year of publication. It was therefore not necessary to perform these phases since the musical live performances agenda service uses the same type of customization as the music search service. For example, we may also provide notions of agent and multi-agent system in a personalization framework. Also, since the beginning of the 80’s, many works aiming at new interactions that are more and more adaptive, intelligent, and personalized are carried out. For example, we may also provide a step that consists of identifying the types of agents needed to fulfill the functional requirements defined in the service analysis phase separates the information system from the personalization system to take into account in the different communication channels (email, Internet, SMS, etc.), the personalization process with different input-output methods (image, sound, braille, etc.), and different interaction platforms (tablet, PC, television, etc.). For example, we may also provide a sale rectangle in the center of a figure that symbolizes the sales facts while the customer, product, date, and store rectangles symbolize represent the dimensions.

CHAPTER

36

FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS CAPTURE For example, we may also provide the system for use in Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems or in isolated integrated systems such as those used on smart devices. Also, for example, rules for switching to SQL are quite simple: each relation becomes a table Each attribute of the relationship becomes a column of the corresponding table. Each primary key becomes a PRIMARY KEY. Each foreign key becomes a FOREIGN KEY. It is possible to not have to manage the implementation of the identifiers by itself during INSERT with most DBMS. Remember, a possibility of session switching greatly increases the interactivity of the interface as in case of very important calculations to move to the design or analysis of another model. A framework for the study of software engineering methods for the development of personalized information system part therefore summarizes the criteria composing the dimensions used for the analysis of methods for the purpose of development of personalized information systems. What do you do if you have as a customer natural persons (me, you, etc.) but also legal persons (the town hall, Microsoft, etc.) and that you must collect all a lot of information, including the means of contact such as e-mails, telephones, addresses? Therefore, the display operation should not be public, but protected, and a display operation must be defined in the child class. We therefore complete it by introducing the notion of organization. Consider, for example, users with reduced vision. Displaying the state of

216

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

a concrete object of a child class of the abstract class therefore implies displaying the attributes contained in the parent class and displaying the attributes added in the child class. The analysis of the service is therefore carried out according to a functional aspect and following a technical aspect that can proceed in parallel. The requirements specification therefore describes the software system to be developed. For example, we may also therefore advocate software development based on the cascade model.

CHAPTER

37

SERVICE SPECIFICATIONS

UML is an object-oriented modeling language, that is, all modeled entities are objects or relate to objects: for example, an object has a data structure (with what are called attributes) and behaviors (with what are called operations). In this chapter, we therefore realize the design and realization of the database of the information system of a library. The interaction scenarios are therefore between the end-user and the service are modeled with XML and IDE development. We could continue, then, these works for the taking into account of other contexts as well for the filtering of the contents as for the adaptation of the container. For example, we may also therefore provide a study of methods for the development of personalized information system and in order to develop a personalized information system, four methods have been studied. The data diary therefore illustrates the customization of an already existing service. The communication agent translates requests sent by external applications into messages understandable by the coordinating agent and vice versa. Responsibilities can therefore be modeled as a UML-related graphical note associated with the class and we provide an example of modeling class responsibilities. Classification of personalization methods is therefore according to the context used and the type of filtering are adapted from the system. It therefore intervenes mainly in the phases of needs capture and acceptance tests. Sometimes it is therefore necessary to reorganize the

218

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

class diagrams from the analysis phase to take into account some technical aspects related to the selected programming language. Suppose that we have therefore been able to overcome the various obstacles to modeling, and that we have engaged in this process. This work therefore aims to customize the information “before,” “during” and sometimes even “after” the move while trying to cover as many channels and possible interaction platforms as possible. For example, we may also therefore provide an offer to memorize the most common music genres of the user to avoid him to re-enter the genre of music. Therefore, we should register a user in a Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) directory. In this example, the external application therefore provides the distinguished name to reference an object, and in this example it is to identify a user. For example, we may also provide a search query of searchMusic with genres of music. Other studies have therefore described the needs of users in terms of information as well as the interest of information systems serving users from an economic point of view. For example, the different associations are translated into attributes and the dynamic model is transposed into the body of operations by defining their algorithm.

CHAPTER

38

ADVANCED ENVIRONMENTS

Learning techniques have so far been little used in the world of information systems design tools. For example, we may also provide some main construction rules: check relationships in terms of logical synchronization and notions of moments. For example: Between the Line of Account entity and the Client entity, a relationship is provided for both editing, visualizing, and calculating the amount of the customer’s debits and the status of his balance. When one never performs a calculation on a numerical data, this one must be of a type, it is the case for example for a telephone number. With all this knowledge, it is therefore possible for us to build the complete from the data present in the data. Often, for the same set of management rules, several solutions are possible at the conceptual level. In this context, both modular and scalable system characteristics are therefore crucial. For example, signaling the launch of an application, activating agents, signaling the shutdown of an application, etc. Typically, it, for example, to anticipate the information needs of the user by providing a link on the page on which the user would like to access. The formalism of an entity is therefore as follows: Thus, if we take our previous data dictionary, we schematize for example an entity like this: From this entity, we can find the following management rule: an entity is identified by a unique number (id) and is characterized by a name, a first name and a date of birth. And closing a graphical environment therefore prohibits any future interaction with previously created agents. Class diagrams modeling agent

220

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

behaviors are therefore detailed to be a direct implementation of agent behaviors. Indeed, we must therefore decide whether or not to create a new formalism or whether the new formalism is not a generalization of an existing formalism. The ocular activity of the users on the screen is therefore recorded during the use of the system. The communication, coordination, and administration agents (these are the agents contained in a shaded ellipse) therefore form the core of the system. With a NoSQL database, on the other hand, the design of the database can therefore deviate radically from the logical model in terms of structure. The web server request is therefore translated by the communication agent and arrives at the coordinating agent. In a singleton class, the sent object therefore corresponds to an instance of the singleton class itself, whereas in the system it may also be an object of another class. This separation is also therefore necessary to meet the multiapplication criterion of Single Sign-On and promote a customization of multi-channel, multi-modal, and cross-platform interactions.

CHAPTER

39

EVALUATION OF THE HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION These are the systems that have certain characteristics that are for our work, such as evolution, distribution, or multi-application. Its main role is to be a user (in the case of a developer) to interact with software agents for adaptation and configuration and is based on these three agents for the integration of personalized services. Agents from the same agent model therefore have the same functions. This method does not therefore require the user to specify his preferences or interests. The name of the attributes is therefore by default the name of the role, otherwise it is built from the nominal form of the association or the name of the class at the other end of the association. For example, we may also provide a incremental model, also called evolutionary model, that consists in developing a software by proceeding in increment (or batch). For example, we may also propose an iterative, incremental development model and a parallel realization of specific phases related to the development of services and specific phases related to personalization. Specifically, in relation to music, for example, this means that this method does not mean that a user listening to A we recommend a song for a user who listens only to B. The activities of the methods of the behavior classes are therefore modeled through activity diagrams. It must also therefore take into account different types of personalization by promoting the construction of scalable and distributed personalization system.

222

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

Different types of customization are therefore possible with respect to these two axes. The objective of our method is therefore to deduce for a type of action A from a user U, his choice where the number of possible choices for the action A. For roles whose title contains the word “business,” it is therefore important to check whether the audience is comfortable with the traditional notation of data modeling. Only the functional evaluations and some evaluations of the personalization have therefore been carried out. The weighted part therefore models the user’s preferences against the music criteria (less expensive, more personalized, etc.). In other words, each use case is therefore translated into an operation of the class facade. However, there is therefore an equivalent graphical representation. For example, we may also therefore represent agent interaction protocols in UML. The training, focused on software development, focuses on modeling and development techniques for IT projects. The functions of an agent can therefore evolve dynamically (through learning/acquisition) during his lifetime. Each iteration therefore gives rise to an increment which aims in principle to improve the usability of the service.

CHAPTER

40

COMMERCIAL CUSTOMIZATION SYSTEMS

This platform, based on the selection of a knowledge base, therefore builds reliability models from the elements specified in the database and processes these models using specific calculation tools. For example, we may also therefore provide a Multi-Agent organization at the service of personalization of information with applications for a multi-modal information system for the music. One of the business sectors therefore focuses on the development of information systems where the user has access to a considerable amount of information. After designing the procedures for these manipulations, you want users to therefore use neither the pointer on the first nor the pointer on the last element, but your procedures. The object-oriented approach is therefore a way of approaching a problem and breaking it into small subproblems. The agent therefore resumes execution on the destination platform exactly where it was before it was migrated. We may also pass requests from clients to the appropriate agent or component and return the responses to the corresponding client. We try to remedy that therefore in the context of user information. On the other hand, we may also therefore provide the set of all the values taken by the properties. This method therefore uses the same Bayes principle described above, but with a formula that is the vector of choices made by the user U for the

224

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

types of actions. The general idea of the chapter was therefore to propose a modeling of an information system adaptable to any type of project by integrating interactions with their environments. The data dictionary is therefore a document that gathers all the data that you will have to keep in your database (and that will appear in the chapter). For example, we may also therefore provide inheritance by a partition (totality and exclusion). This is therefore a combination of the two previous inheritances: all occurrences of the super-type are necessarily in one and only one of the sub-types. On the other hand we may also therefore use formalisms based on those of UML and its extensions. The IS therefore has 4 essential functions: the treatment of information to better exploit it dissemination of information, the capture or collection of information, the storage of information using a file or database. In the past, information was therefore stored on paper using records, forms, etc., and there were manual procedures to process it. It is also possible to therefore link an entity to itself by an association, in which case it is referred to as a reflexive association. Several models exist for the sequence of the different phases (see, for example, for more details on these different models especially in the case where the targeted software is an interactive system). The principle therefore consists in estimating, with respect to a type of action A, the probabilities that a user U having the preferences P to make the choice C and knowing the preferences of other users and their respective choices, the probability of having the history H of the user U.

CHAPTER

41

PROCEEDINGS ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Other agent templates appear depending on the purpose and purpose for which the personalization system is intended. But there is still a step to be taken, in this case that of being able to go from safety studies specifically for a system, to studies of dependability for the system. It would therefore be sufficient to design the appropriate behaviors of the information retrieval agents to connect to the music database for searches or musical live performances research reported by operators. Let’s imagine the following association: Here an author writes at least one or more songs and for each song, we know the number of songs written by the author (we also know the total number of songs for each album). The equations therefore governing the temporal evolution of these compartments must be modified accordingly. The aim is therefore to extend the personal agenda service provided by the platform to offer music users a new service that can help them plan and organize their travel. The first category therefore allows the user to change the appearance or content of the interactive system. Most of these home platforms therefore attempt a multi-modal interaction combining sound, picture and text. We therefore plan to complete these customization assessments in our subsequent work. According to the point of view, it is therefore a matter of grouping the resources based on the annotations of the users.

226

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

With our method, it is therefore possible to predict the music the user is likely to prefer for a given request. Object Orientation is therefore a concept that first appeared in programming language research communities. For example, we may therefore also provide a pattern for retrieving a reference. A graphical environment as well as the design and deployment of Agents is therefore available. An agent may therefore forget a skill if he judges, for example, that this skill is obsolete. Various methods are therefore used for customization as an approach for the design of embedded multi-agent systems. And the deployment diagrams therefore model the hardware configuration and thus the interaction platforms to access the service. Indeed, there are therefore strong constraints of economic and legal, whose study does not fall within the scope of this chapter, for obtaining and using music data. The use cases therefore correspond to the different agents, the relations between use cases correspond to the communications between the agents and the actors correspond to the external entities.

CHAPTER

42

PEOPLE AND COMPUTERS

The properties in a relation must therefore depend totally on the entities in the relation (with the exception of constants, parameters), otherwise it is necessary to move these properties. We have defined a language to describe models and data in formalisms. To respect the principle of encapsulation, the attributes are therefore private (prefixed by the sign “-”) and the operations are public (prefixed by the sign “+”). But it may also be wise to avoid it and replace it with a notation they understand. The methods used are therefore generally identical or relatively close to those previously mentioned. The use of CRC (ClassResponsibilityCollaborator) forms is therefore a simple and effective method for identifying classes and their responsibilities. On the other hand, if the tool is stopped (closing the application, restarting the machine, etc.), it is no longer possible to interact with the agents even by restarting the tool. Assessing the boundary layer of a record processor for that reason provides you with an evaluation of specialist calculations and, as a consequence, an end user point of view. The solution finally chosen is therefore not obtained in a single iteration. These tests can therefore lead to a revision of the agent analysis model which will require another realization of the different phases of the system. Depending on the service to be evaluated and the progress of the project (iteration number), one or more of these methods will therefore have to

228

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

be combined and/or adapted. For having worked a lot in the field where the external nomenclatures, especially those coming from social fields, are legion, it is therefore necessary to stick exactly to the reality of the existing, while thinking that the structure can evolve overnight without notice. Indeed, when the occurrences with the cardinality 1 are more numerous than the occurrences with the cardinality 0, the first method is therefore preferable. For the development model is based on a classic development model, and promotes an incremental development of software agents, and therefore advocates a unified development model. The development is therefore based on inferences on data provided explicitly by the user and data collected implicitly by the user’s requests and orders. For example, we may also provide and compare a query on the table whose data has been analyzed to the non-atomic version. The information is therefore not usually available immediately and these are assistant agents that help the user in carrying out his task. The method was therefore used for the development of several applications and that service uses a completely different type of customization.

CHAPTER

43

UML-BASED WEB ENGINEERING APPROACHES

The following chapter indicates in which views and in which phases and stages of the development process diagrams are constructed. The process flow diagram (PFD), also called a Flowchart, describes the flow of information exchanged between actors by breaking down the organization into a series of internal actors. For example, we may also provide a specific, largely parameterizable module, both to edit, to read, to write and to count the data contained in the preceding modules and offering the possibility of carrying out all kinds of sorts, statistics or editions. This chapter also presents a study of some personalization systems and presents the different types of diagrams, their complementary roles, and shows how the diagrams of a model are constructed in a coherent way. In particular; these methods should therefore serve as a support for the overall evaluation of “my music and musical live performances systems modeling service.” This section therefore details the different phases of these methods. The analysis of agent models allows us to identify the behaviors of the agents “Search” and “Profile.” The detailed study therefore gives rise, for each application to a user specifications. In these cases, the use of conventional middle-wares as a replacement or complement can therefore be more efficient. For example, we may also provide functions both to bring not only meaning to the apprehension of a project, but also to appropriate through a code of communication by the image the characteristics and specificities of the project in interrelations in and with its environment.

230

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

Imagine, for example, that a business rule imposes on us the fact that a song, for a given store, can only be purchased by one and only one customer. For example, we may also provide that it was therefore not necessary to perform the part of the method. On the other hand, to be in second normal form (2NF): One must be in first normal form (1NF) and all the functional dependencies between the primary key and the other attributes of the relation are therefore elementary. This includes breaking down tasks into sub-tasks to distribute them to the appropriate agents for the achievement of the overall goal. In this chapter, we will only be interested in certain schemes both the design of a relational database and its realization on a RDBMS. To take into account other organizational models, it is necessary to specify them through functions to add to the agents. Although many works have therefore been done in the field of personalization of human-computer interaction, the modeling of a project in its meaning of the term can be approached through a representation of form. Classes are therefore first defined in relation to their responsibilities rather than their attributes and operations. Otherwise, if the user has a profile and has already made the request, the songs he has chosen is therefore recommended. For example, we may also provide constraints between associations and, as with inheritance, there are different constraints that can exist between two or more associations. This guide therefore goes back to the basic principles of the organizational models and the revolutions that these principles promise. For example, we may also provide associations deduced from web server log files; for example, the detection of queries interrupted by the client (pressing the STOP button on the browser). On the other hand the organizational models is a system developed that assists users in the discovery of songs. For example, we may also provide a design class diagram for the information music and musical live performances systems modeling. On the other hand, it is not always necessary to follow all phases of the model. Remember, a customization system supporting the method so natural that the architecture of an agent includes both this communication for a communication agent and an agent to manage the availability of the communication forming the administration agent. For example, we may also provide a spatial memory that is used during long displacements; and, forgetfulness, which preferentially affects sites,

UML-Based Web Engineering Approaches

231

removes sites, with the poorest qualities, which are the least frequented, or merges neighboring sites. On the other hand, hardware and software co-design is not addressed in this chapter. From these detours through an epistemological approach of science for the person and thus its capacity to represent the complex other than by mathematical algorithms or formulas, we have carried through the theory of social systems. For example, we may also provide types of class attributes, types, and input/output parameters of the methods that must be specified. The most common conversion rule today is to add a foreign key in the relation which corresponds to the entity lying on the side of this cardinality 1:1. On the other hand, most web users want to preserve their anonymity. For example, we may also provide an interpretation of the actions of the user. On the other hand, with application perspectives one of the challenges of our work was to obtain data. On the other hand, in particular with object-oriented approaches and new technologies, technologies point to considerable changes in both design and information systems management. Therefore, cooperation between users can only be done if the workshop is able to retrieve data from a user, or the different versions of his data. The objective is therefore to make available to the user, relevant information both to prepare his music by presenting him all the available offer on the requested music in terms of choice of mode of music, price, etc., to accompany him throughout his musical journey, offering all the elements likely to reduce his uncertainty while taking into account the diversity of interaction platforms he has. To add a function to an agent, a user should be simply able to select the agent in the agent connected window and teach it an available skill in the available skills window. Each agent therefore has in its spatial memory a “map” of the plot, which is a rough version, incomplete and deformed by forgetting, of the representation of the plot in the model: initially virgin, this map is gradually enriched by memorial sites. When the agent functions on a site, a function of perception of the quality of the cells to memorize an average quality for this site (which is not the average quality of the cells of the site, but rather the quality average of the best cells of the site, since it is these that the function chooses). Remember, with our example above, a music author cannot also be a registrant and a registrant cannot be a music author as well (someone can be an author, a registrant or someone else). Thus, you will have the opportunity

232

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

to manipulate the advanced concepts from modeling. Each use case must be associated with a text description sheet and may be supplemented by dynamic diagrams. For example, we may also provide and essentially meet the software agent-based design criteria in the technology dimensions. Let’s take the example of the music author who promotes his work at a given date: This translates into the following functional dependency: id_a, musicdate → id_l Thus, the association “presenter” would be implemented like this at the relational level: Presenter (id_a #, vdate, id_l #) Caption: x: relation x: primary key x #: foreign key. The identifier of the music is no longer part of the primary key in order to keep a direct and elementary functional dependency. On the other hand, we may describe the activities performed by an agent during the execution of the tasks and presents the general architecture of and its interactions with existing information systems. The information system can therefore be defined as the set of human, material and immaterial means implemented to manage the information within a unit, a company for example. For example, we may also provide that these different modules are logically linked as shown. The objectives of an acquisition module are therefore very diverse and cover all the needs of different users, from the order intention to the verification of delivery by checking for delays and errors, omissions or non-delivery. A first inventory of methods and tools for the simulation of the reliability and availability of systems modeling therefore shows that the dependability studies for systems modeling are already a mature subject. Similarly, it will be possible to analyze whether a centralized architecture, with servers hosting all the applications and their data, is more or less reliable than a redundant architecture on two sets of servers. As for the aggregation to the class, the multiplicity is translated by a collection. Existing software engineering methods are therefore generally directed to a particular area or technology. The easiest way to understand is to proceed with an example. For example, a personnel number containing a first attribute indicating the status (executive, manager, worker), another the year of employment, etc. For example, we may also provide a way for users to listen to their favorite music or a music program recommended by the system. The decisions made during this refinement are not of the same order as those

UML-Based Web Engineering Approaches

233

taken during the analysis. This approach also addresses the criteria of availability and distributivity of the system that are not part of these five models are classified. A more contextualized, more personalized approach could meet this challenge. After authenticating the user, the registration agent creates an agent to take care of the user. The system is therefore based on casebased reasoning to provide the classified information in order of relevance according to the preferences of the user. This also corresponds to the results of a study on the information needs of users. The music must therefore match the preferences and expectations of the user. The role of the programming should if possible be restricted to the translation in a particular language (Java for us) and to the use of particular software frameworks. Example: the total monthly sales is attached to the relation “to sales the month x” because it is with each change of month that a new accumulated rate is calculated from the client entity and from the total sales account lines. Number of occurrences: (Number of customers) = a forecast size of the table: sum (size of the items) X number of occurrences. For example, we may also provide agent-based systems with UML. In both cases, the system can base its responses on the users, or on the content of the presented data. We have decomposed the service into three subsystems (access to music, manipulation of user preferences, music search). It is a first level of formalism, light enough to be understood by the client, sufficiently formal to be able to propose a first analysis, support to the necessary further deepening with a more formal notation or to the realization of the software in a given language. These agents play well-defined roles to meet the goals of personalization systems. For example, we may also provide a software framework proposing implementations of collections, lists, trees, and other complex data structures. In this application, we assume that there is a unifying authority that groups together the databases. Therefore, this work is critical for the adoption of the system by other designers and for the sustainability of the project. Indeed, depending on the technologies and developer’s own experience other concepts may be involved in the method. For example, we may also provide therefore a global assessment combining the parts. It is the specification of the tools (software), the structure of the materials to be exploited and the constraints of integration with the existing one.

234

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

The existing systems do not have so much or very little, therefore we propose to design our own personalization system. Whatever the size of the problem, a modeling phase is an aid to the development of the computer system. For example, we may also provide a redundancy that would represent a loss of memory space for the action model, it would reveal mainly a design error. The communication between the information portlet and is carried out through SOAP messages through the modules defined during the development of the search service. The user has the option to validate the proposal or choose another. With these different conversion rules, we can already convert our complete. As you can see, the schema of the base functions is already a fact. Function can therefore be developed independently of any agent. For example, we may also provide a conversion of associations having at least one cardinality of type 0:1 (and whose other cardinalities are of type 0:1/N). As for cardinalities 1:1, an association with a cardinality of 0:1 must be binary, and the same two possibilities are offered to us: Create the foreign key in the relation corresponding to the entity on the side of the cardinality 0:1. In the opposite case, it is the method which is the most adapted. The use case comes from the project and more particularly the demonstrators from the company. In addition, the software architecture does not necessarily correspond to the physical/hardware architecture: the realization of a function may require several machines[‡Z and networks, just as a single machine can support many functions. Indeed, for the customization of the content, let’s take the example of a song search application. The views, called the “use cases,” focus on consistency by presenting usage scenarios that implement the elements from the first views. This last view validates the other views and ensures overall consistency. The principle of the service is to provide the user of music information pertaining to music of the network corresponding to its needs or expectations. The approach and the deliverable are therefore the same, whether new development or reverse engineering; it’s the starting point that differs. Clearly, the definition of these “hardware” and “software” views of the system represents a critical step since the description will serve as the basis for any analysis within the framework. For example, we may also provide the system that is not a homogeneous infrastructure but a chain of different

UML-Based Web Engineering Approaches

235

components and systems whose overall performance needs to be examined from the point of view of the different endpoints. These parts follow the classical development phases (analysis, design and implementation) that can take place in parallel and meet to form the common part. Example: A customer may or may not place orders. A single piece of data carried by the Song entity could have been appropriate as well. We therefore recommend functional evaluations as well as evaluations of personalization, performance, loads, techniques and ergonomics. The study of personalization systems is therefore to carry out a preliminary study, and one starts from the existing situation. We will therefore specify each time that it will be a UML extension from the literature. The model is therefore appropriate in the case where the service does not exist and the type of personalization to be realized has never been set up. For example, we may also provide a system that predicts the interests of users for e-commerce. Then, it isolates the most appropriate interaction platforms to the information, among the platforms available to the user, for sending the information. Proactive action is therefore carried out at the initiative of the agent. Sometimes it includes cognitive, mental, system, task, user profile and other models. In the case of a message reception from another agent, the agents of the support model have for objective the presentation of the message to the user. Transport information is also concerned with data distribution, ease of access and reliability. Remember, to be in the third normal form (3FN or 3NF): One must be in 2FN and all the functional dependencies between the primary key of the relationship and the other attributes are direct. The context of use is therefore defined as the user triplet, platform and environment. We have therefore gone well beyond the framework of a reflection that is only turned towards the traditional structures of a project. It is therefore the coordinating agent who will coordinate the messages of these two agents so that the overall goal is achieved and we inform the users concerned of that occurrence. In addition, the organizer who creates the must indicate the date of automatic destruction of the, this in order to free the system from the decrepit ones. The method described here is a statistical method using a probabilistic Bayes approach. A request specifies the identifier of the user and the data for the search of music.

236

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

The modeling formalisms are based on those of UML and its extensions. It is sometimes difficult not to use a traditional modeling notation. Their major disadvantage is that the reuse of these systems is very limited. The development view therefore represents the static organization of the modules (executable, source code, packages, etc.) in the development environment. Each of these parts is the subject of a progressive approach and uses many examples, so that an uninformed reader can find his way. These systems are therefore typically used for marketing purposes in e-commerce. On the other hand, a primary key can therefore be composed of one or more attributes, it is an implementation of the notion of identifier of the entities and associations which is reflected at the relational level. Indeed, if it is a comparative study, we can work with more approximate data since it is then necessary to determine which architectures is the most optimal on criteria of reliability, availability compared to other architectures and not compared to actual reliability goals. These tools are typically provided by agent development platforms. This is the most direct method for acquiring information about the user. While the physical model of the data describes the database where the set of files corresponds to the data managed by the information system. This work therefore aims to provide adaptive and intelligent humanmachine interaction in order to improve interaction efficiency and system usability. On the other hand, for the logical data model (LDM) to be valid, each of its relationships must be at least 3NF. The aim of our work is to therefore provide a suitable method for the development of a personalized logical data model (LDM). This phase assumes that a preliminary study has been carried out and that the personalized service to be implemented is identified. A software engineering methodology therefore describes the different phases and their sequences in the process of developing a computer application. This is why we opted to build our own database (still based on actual data collected on commercial sites) to test our applications. The last criterion concerns the capacity of the personalization system to take into account other personalization needs than those defined at the outset. After the election of the needs expressed in the form of features modeled as use cases and in the form of scenarios modeled in activity diagrams, we can model the logical structure of the system, that is to say the static aspects of the system. Thus, programming errors in information systems can cause many failures on the system as a whole. The communication agent

UML-Based Web Engineering Approaches

237

therefore translates requests sent by external applications into messages understandable by the coordinating agent and vice versa. Regarding personalization, the creation of services independent of information systems and easily modifiable at any time to take advantage of changes as they are made available, is a definite advantage. When a document is pointed by the user, the system therefore searches the web for similar documents and shows them to the user by ranking them in order of interest. I then study the interactions between these different types of objects: for example, the creation of a music account requires interactions between the client and a client adviser. This is called generalization with an over-type (or parent entity) and specialization with sub-types (daughter entities). Imagine for example that a Song can belong to 0 or 1 categories, we obtain the following: Some will say that all father-son binary associations with cardinalities are characterized by the existence of a functional dependence between the identifier of the parent entity and the child entity. On the other hand, the fact that an agent has to move from one place to another is modeled by a discontinuous link with the stereotype. For example, we may also adapt a reference framework to meet objectives of analysis and design of an interactive system dedicated to complex administrative systems. The personalization system must be able to say, for example, that for such music, the user will prefer to listen to it from his mobile phone, rather than listen to it on his iPad. To better distinguish those parts of the system that are custom (or customization), we consider a system as a set of services. On the other hand, performance evaluations test the ability of the system to operate quickly under the pressure of a heavy load. For example, we may also provide methods to control the information technologies. We should therefore measure the average response time of the service against the number of users in the user database. Here also the non-observance of this rule causes disasters in terms of performances. It should therefore also take into account different types of customization by promoting the construction of scalable and distributed personalization system. The number of occurrences (min, max, average) calculate the forecast volume of each entity. Since the parent class is an abstract class (which does not have an instance), the display operation does not have to be public. On the other hand, an important application of the agents for the personalization

238

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

of the human-machine interaction concerns the agents of assistance and each agent therefore plays a role during his interactions with other agents. In the same way, if I provide the computerization of a music system, I look for the different types of objects that are part of the system to achieve: music advisers, music downloads, music transfers, user accounts, the music system, customers, etc. One of the peculiarities is therefore at the level of the principles of exchange of functions. These systems therefore have the advantage of being in direct contact with the user which facilitates the collection of data on the behavior of the user for a more refined customization. For example, we may also provide that each use case is therefore followed by a text description sheet. The Primary Key of the table with the cardinalities (0:1) therefore becomes a Foreign Key in the cardinalities table (1:1). For example, we may also therefore facilitate pre-integration application testing and application comparisons since test sets simulating the user interface and requiring calculations can be defined. The study presented in this paper therefore represents for us a way to continue the work of the operating security of Information Systems. Some people have a deep repugnance to the process of abstraction. Some people obviously accept the abstract, the institutional and frozen abstractions in which we live (legal rules, organizational boundaries, etc.), but they do not support the production of a new abstract and new abstractions. Therefore, remember that an agent has the following purpose P: Know R, the age range of the user U. And, the agents dedicated to the communication channels are coordinated by the profile management agent that integrates our filtering model. taking into account users, data, and interaction platforms. Therefore, we then talk about software reliability as we talk about software quality. Remember, actions can be controlled by the user model to improve the quality of the interaction. The interaction relations of each agent with the others are therefore modeled. For example, we may also provide design and programming methods that are therefore needed when working on large projects such as a project specification. And we can see right away that finding a qualified agent is a relatively simple query, which avoids the need to process, pass, or reduce a significant amount of uninteresting columns that weigh on performance. Information system design is therefore done in stages, leading to a functional information system that reflects a physical reality.

UML-Based Web Engineering Approaches

239

It is also important to note that the different phases are often performed by different teams or people. For example, we may also provide organizational models, architectures, and methods for the development of a personalized function that provides a response to the constraints of continuous evolution of information systems by breaking down the analysis of the system along a functional axis and following a technical axis. Let us also not forget that this book only exists through the dynamics of the experiments that were undertaken in recent years.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 1.

Alistair Cockburn. (1998). Surviving Object-Oriented Projects. Addison-Wesley 2. Andrew Koenig & Barbara Moo (1997). Ruminations on C++: A Decade of Programming Insight and Experience. Addison-Wesley. 3. Bertrand Meyer (1997). Object-Oriented Software Construction. Prentice Hall. 4. David Harel (1987). “Statecharts: A Visual Formalism for Complex Systems.” In Science of Computer Programming, Vol. 8. 5. Frank Buschmann, Regine Meunier, Hans Rohnert, Peter Sommerlad, & Michael Stal (1996). Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture: A System of Patterns. John Wiley & Sons. 6. Geri Schneider Jason, P. (1998). Winters: Applying Use Cases: A Practical Guide. Addison-Wesley. 7. Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh, & Ivar Jacobson [three amigos] (1999). The unified modeling language user guide. Addison-Wesley. 8. Grady Booch (1996). Object Solutions: Managing the Object-Oriented Project. Addison-Wesley. 9. James Rumbaugh (1996). OMT Insights. SIGS Books. 10. James, O., Coplien Douglas, & Schmidt. C., (eds.). (1995). Pattern Languages of Program Design [PLoPD1]. Addison-Wesley. 11. Martin Fowler (1999). Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Programs. Addison-Wesley.

242

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

12. Peter Coad & Edward Yourdon (1991b). Object-Oriented Design. Yourdon. 13. Sally Shlaer & Stephen J. (1991). Mellor: Object Lifecycles: Modeling the World in States. Yourdon. 14. Trygve Reenskaug (1996). Working with Objects. Prentice Hall.

INDEX

A Actual operation 205 Adaptive maintenance 5 Administration agent named manager 197 Administration interface 198 Administrative agent 71 Affect system performance 196 Agent-based semantic integration 35 Agent identification 65 Agent interaction model 61 Agent interaction protocol 222 Agent-oriented Software Construction 37 Agent Societies Specification and Implementation (PASSI) 14 Agent Unified Modeling Language (AUML) 86 Analysis of system dynamics 185 Application external 80

Application function 212 Application Programming Interface 73 Artificial intelligence 38, 150 Assuming independence 143 Asymptotic unavailability 154 Asynchronous communication 80, 144 B Behavioral modeling 13 Behavior of information system 149 Better function to evaluate 197 Built-in development environment 186 C Catastrophic 62 Child relationship 161 Classic development model 228

244

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

Clustering recommendation 110 Collaborative filtering method 164 collecting information 143 Common conversion 231 Common Log Format (CLF) 21 Communicability 166 Communicating information 74 Communication 62, 64 Communication agent architecture 69 Communication channel 214 Communication language 199 Community recommendation 19 Complex application 23 Component diagram 80 Computation recommendation 39 Computer-based modeling, 106 Computer specialists specialized 2 Computer specifications necessary 56 Content-based recommendation 144 Cooperation involvement 85 Cooperative Information System Analysis and Design 25 Coordinate information acquisition 23 Coordination model 200 Corrective maintenance 63 Corresponding relationship 3 Criteria composing 215 Current traffic graph 110 Customer management 207 Custom information system 82 Custom information system development 33, 44 Customization 21, 22, 24, 25 Customization method 41

Customization of multi-channel 220 Customization systems 90 D Database management systems (DBMS) 13 Data storage structure 88 Delegation mechanism 186 Design a music information system 37 Destination platform 209 Development model favoring incremental development 73 Diagrams for modeling a system 80 Direct consequence 32 Disparate sources of information 28 Distinguishes application 3, 21 Distinguish information system 150 Distributed co-decision making 97 Distributed personalization system 29 Distribution network 24 Dynamic environment 35, 177 Dynamic function learning 82 Dynamic location information 166 E Enterprise resource planning (ERP) 13 Enterprise Unified Process 81 Explicit modeling 85 External application 38 External resource 202 F Favorite customizations 17

Index

Field of multi-modality 151 First normal form (1NF) 28, 230 Formalisms management 32 Frequently confronted 28 Functional branch 51 Functional dependencies 51 Functional dependency 31 Functional description 65 Functional requirements capture 52 G Generic customization system 44 Generic design 17 Generic models and methods 95 Grammatical inference 25 Graph-based modeling 202 Graphical environment 219, 226 Growing presence 149 Guarantee accuracy 199 H Hardware configuration 55, 226 hardware structure 126 Human-computer interaction 195 Human-machine interaction 27, 35, 96, 165, 207 Human-machine interface 166 Human resources management 207 Hybrid architecture 33 I Information collection 206 Information retrieval 86 information system 125, 128, 131 Information system analysis 68 Information System (IS) 168 Information Technologies (IT) 34, 37 Infrastructure 74

245

Integrated environment 166 Integrating interaction 224 Integration 119 Intelligent content delivery 212 Interaction environment 87 Interaction man-machine 181 Intermediate representations 37 Internal information 165 Internal structure 95 J Java Virtual Machine (JVM) 161 K k-nearest neighbors algorithm (kNN) 27 Knowledge acquired 95 L Learning technique 219 Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) 218 Linear time-invariant (LTI) 122 Logical grouping 105 M Machine diagram 58 Made explicit 79 Man-machine interactions 13 Manual customization 126 Mention probability-centered methods 1 Methodological approach 109 Modeling elements 28 Modeling personalized information systems 208 Modifying conventional dependability 206

246

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

Multi-agent system 161 Multi-application system 13 Multidimensional model 68, 199 Multimedia E-commerce application coupling 210 Multi-modality of music master 144 Multi-mode information 1 Multi-platform system 167 Music agenda service illustrates 63 Musical live performances location data 14, 15 Music management system 39 Music search service 52, 59, 151, 153, 214

Object Management Group 57 Object-oriented code structure 80 Object-oriented data structure 55 Object-oriented modeling language 217 Object-oriented programming language 150 Operating system file manager 35 Organizational model 53 Organizational rules sheet 32 Overall information system 59

162 Partition constraint 51 Perfective maintenance involves 72 Performances information 89 Personal information management (PIM) 25 Personalization 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 58, 59, 60 Personalization activity 27 Personalization method 24 Personalization of information services 14 Personalization system 1 Personalized information system 2, 7, 15, 29 Personalized music search service 67 Philosophical obstacle 210 Point-to-point communications 110 Possible music personalization 81 Pre-processing data 25 Process flow diagram (PFD) 229 Produce resources based 166 Profile management agent 31, 33, 35 Profile management component 156 Programming language research communities 226 Project management capability of project management 69 Promote interchangeability 163 Proposing a structuring 198 Prototype 120

P

R

N National consultation 19 Necessary information 197, 211 Networked information sources 31 Numerical data 219 O

Parallel realization 221 Parent relationship 62 Particular customization method

Rational Unified Process 35 Reference documentation 111 Referential integrity constraint 33

Index

Relational database management systems (RDBMS) 3 Relationship 85, 86 Require several machines 234 S Semantic networks to structure documents 11 Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 208, 209 Simultaneous executions 11 Single object access protocol (SOAP) 40 Social behavior modeling 153 Software agent customization system architectures 137 Software analysis 97 Software architectures 98 Software co-design 231 Software configuration 73 Software deficiencies 12 Software development 222 Software development consultant 56 Software engineering approach 28 Software engineering method 120 Software framework proposing implementations 233 Software reliability 4 software specification 126 Software systems resources 60 Spatial memory 230, 231 Specialized agents 79 Specific system configurations 45 Standard entities 73 Standardization difficulties 52 Standard library 69

247

Static organization 236 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) 215 Supply chain management (SCM) 13 Supports multi-channel customization 111 Synchronize 44 Synchronous communication 163 System architecture 38 Systematic equivalence 121 T Targeted software 224 Technology dimension 152, 185 Temporal evolution 225 Theoretical access structures 144 Traditional notation of data modeling 222 Transparency 95 U Unconditional activities 178 Unified Modeling Language 86, 87 Usability criterion 119 User-friendly interface 54 User profile management 80 V Various aspects of personalization 1 Verification of knowledge 186 Virtual file management system 34, 41 W Web Application Extension 65 Web Modeling Language (WebML)

248

Software and Systems Modeling: Theoretical and Practical Issues

137 Web service communication 208

Web Site Design Method (WSDM), 137 Workstation windowing system 153