Social life

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Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»

МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РФ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ «ВОРОНЕЖСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»

SOCIAL LIFE Учебно-методическое пособие

Составители: Н.И. Малыхина, Н.М. Шишкина

Воронеж Издательский дом ВГУ 2017

Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»

Утверждено научно-методическим советом факультета романо-германской филологии 11 апреля 2017 г., протокол № 8

Рецензент – канд. филол. наук, доцент кафедры теории перевода и межкультурной коммуникации С.Л. Лукина

Подготовлено факультетов

на

кафедре

факультета

английского

романо-германской

языка

естественно-научных

филологии

Воронежского

государственного университета.

Рекомендовано студентам 1-го курса естественно-научных факультетов.

Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»

Unit 1. RURAL AND URBAN LIVING

1. Look at the pictures above and compare them. Say what these two pictures have in common and in what way they are different. 2. Look at the pictures below and complete the lines with the words in the list used to describe a) City; b) Village; c) House; d) Street. • semi-detached • tree-lined • industrial • mansion • quiet • wide • comfortable • cosmopolitan • traditional

• isolated • spacious • narrow • modern • little

• eight-storeyed • remote • terraced • crowded • capital • congested • private • traffic-free

1) _________________________________ 2) _________________________________ 3) _________________________________

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4) _________________________________

1) _________________________________ 2) _________________________________ 3) _________________________________ 4) _________________________________

1) _________________________________ 2) _________________________________

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3) _________________________________ 4) _________________________________ 5) _________________________________ 6) _________________________________ 7) _________________________________ 8) _________________________________

1) _________________________________ 2) _________________________________ 3) _________________________________ 4) _________________________________ 5) _________________________________ 6) _________________________________ 3. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the words from the box. rush quiet local busy seaside industrial crowded traditional My life has changed a lot since I moved here. It’s a(n) 1) ________ city with lots of noise. I find it hard to get used to its 2) _______ streets, the traffic during 3) _______ hour and the 4) ______ shops and restaurants. I miss the 5) ______

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village I come from with its 6) ________ houses, 7) _______ streets and cheap 8) _______ shops.

4. Read the text Life on the farm and choose the correct answers. Life on the farm I was 1) grown up/ lived up to/ brought up by my uncle and aunt 2) grew up/ joined in/ turned up on a small farm in the west of England. I think it was better 3) as/ more/ than living in a city, because 4) both/ every/ for day I ran about in the open air. 5) By/ In time/ Until I went to school, 6) every/ each/ all I did was play on the farm all day. 7) Neither/ All/ Both my aunt and uncle worked with the animals, and although they worked very 8) hard / hardly/ harder, they always explained 9) interested/ interest /interesting things to me. They didn’t have 10) lots/ much/ many money but they 11) kept up / got on / dealt with well with everyone, and we didn’t have 12) much/ any/ none of problems of living of living in the city. I always felt 13) happily / happy / a happy on the farm. There was 14) not/ none of / no noise or pollution, and it was 15) really / too / much peaceful. That’s probably why I became a farmer when I was older. 5. Watch an episode of Daniel’s philosophical ideas. Have you ever had similar thoughts? While watching choose the appropriate word. ( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z09tGT2xpBs&feature =youtu.be) Hello! My name is Daniel and right now I’m standing in a field. For the 1) past / last three weeks I’ve been helping out with a building project in the south of France in a little town called Ruffepeyre. It has a population of 2) 57 / 75 people so we can definitely classify 3) this / these as rural living. In my free time I’ve meandered across these fields. I’ve played with Dolly the dog and I’ve pulled fresh vegetables out of the garden and I’ve 4) wandered / wondered if rural life can be life for me.

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If I were to move to the countryside 5) can / could I still be a contributing member of society or does 6) isolating / isolation oneself geographically lead to social isolation as well? How can I somehow incorporate the best elements of both urban and rural living? Can I have art and technology and 7) progress / progressive thinking and diversity as well as sunsets and gardening and quietude and wide open spaces? Maybe a better question is 8) whether / weather or not this excavation needs to be so dualistic. Can there be a less sound in the middle if so, how do I find it? I suppose that’s one of the reasons why I’m travelling. To a certain degree and researching the concept of good living I want to 9) witness / witless how people are designing their 10) lives / life. For me like many people it’s a bit of a challenge. I’m a country boy who loves the energetic offerings of the city. I am a product of the 21st century. I want it all. So I guess I’ll keep meandering and perhaps I’ll 11) stump / stumble across something that feels like a good balance of urban and rural, something that feels like home, something that feels like me. Until 12) than / then I’m happy to 13) wander / wonder through fields and wander through cities and wander through questions about how I could be living my life.

6. Work in pairs. Tell each other about the place where you live. Do you like the place? Why / Why not? Would you like to move?

7. Make a list of possible benefits and problems of living in the country and in a city. Compare your lists and discuss the following questions: a) Where do you want to live? b) What is important to you in a place to live? c) Would you prefer to live in a city or in the countryside? d) What are good reasons to live in the countryside? e) What is good about living in a big city?

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Unit 2. WILDLIFE Looking at the earth from afar, you realize it’s too small for conflict and just big enough for cooperation. Yuri Gagarin

1. What do you think of Gagarin’s words?

2. Look at the pictures below and say which of the following you can see in the pictures? Match the phrases with the pictures. 1. acid rain 2. industrial waste 3. deforestation 4. overfishing 5. flood 6. volcanic eruption 7. rising water levels 8. hole in ozone layer 9. typhoon 10.earthquake 11.rubbish 12.oil spills 13.noise pollution 14.ultraviolet radiation

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i

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а

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3. Which of the problems do you think your country/city/town is facing today? Can you list them in order from most to least serious? 4. Match the words and phrases in columns to make complete sentences.

The air

contaminated

oil spills by

Fish stocks

polluted

frequent flooding due to

Forests

is being

reduced

deforestation as a result of

Crops

are being

wiped out

smoke and gases because of

Seas

and

from factories

destroyed

oceans

overfishing

5. Read the title and think of questions you might want to ask about climate change. 6. Read the text and fill in the missing information using the words from the box. exhaust, power, cyclones, enough, engine, smash, floats, heat (2), away, blanket (2), going, Airplanes

What is climate change? What is climate change? When we use a car the 1) ________makes a gas called CO2. The CO2 comes out of the 2) ________ pipe and 3) ______ up into the air. Because lots of people use cars, lots of CO2 is 4) ________ up into the air. When we leave the TV or the lights on, they use electricity. Electricity comes from a 5) _______ station and then makes lots of CO2. 6) _________ make even more

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CO2 than cars. There is so much CO2 in the air that it’s covering us like a big 7) _________. This 8) _________ of CO2 can make the air too hot. This is called climate change. Sometimes the 9) __________ causes drought. When there is not 10) _________ rain and all the plants die. Sometimes the hot air makes great big storms called 11) ___________. Storms make big waves that 12) _________ up coral reefs. The 13) _________ can warm up the sea causing the corals to lose their colour and die and the fish to go 14) __________. 7. Watch the video episode about climate change and check your answers.

(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BXOUjG6_x-

E&feature=youtu.be ).

8. Work in a group and discuss the questions. a) How can we deal with climate change problem? b) What can we do to protect our environment? c) Can environmental posters persuade people to support the environment?

9. Look at the pictures below. Match the animals with the pictures. •horse •monkey •lion •sheep • eagle •fly •whale •shark •crocodile •parrot •hare

•hippopotamus

•camel

•mosquito •butterfly

•deer

•giraffe

•bee

•wolf • bear •dolphin •penguin •elephant •kangaroo •goat •tiger •pig •squirrel •swan •cow •mouse •rooster

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10. List the animals in the pictures under these categories: wild animals, domestic animals, insects and sea animals. Add two more to each list.

11. Put the following words in the correct order to make questions. Then discuss these questions in pairs. 1. Which to look animals of the cute/horrible you? 2. Do of you anyone remind they? 3. Where they live do think you (in what kind of landscape and in what part of the world)? 4. What might they think do eat you?

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12. Do a web search for unusual animals. Choose an animal that looks interesting or strange. Find out more about it on the Internet and tell your group about it. 13. Match the expressions with their definitions. Do you have similar expressions in your language?

1. To have a bee in your bonnet (about something) Dad's got a bee in his bonnet about saving electricity. 2. A little bird told me (something) A little bird told me that you've got engaged. 3. To play (a game of) cat and mouse (with somebody) The police played an elaborate game of cat and mouse to trap him. 4. Every dog has its day My friend is very discouraged because of his recent bad luck. However, every dog has his day. 5. (be/feel) like a fish out of water I felt like a fish out of water in my new school. 6. Monkey around Stop monkeying around and listen to me!

a) phrasal verb to behave in a stupid or careless way

b) to learn how to do something very easily

c) spoken used to say that you do not think something will happen

d) to earn just enough money to buy the basic things you need

e) informal used to say that you know something, but you will not say how you found out f) informal to enjoy yourself very much

g) to pretend to allow someone to do or 7. Pigs might fly 'Someone might have handed in your have what they want, and then to stop pass.' 'Yes, and pigs might fly.' them from doing or having it

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8. To keep the wolf from the door I work part-time in a coffee shop just to keep the wolf from the door. 9. To have a whale of a time We had a whale of a time at Paul’s birthday party.

h) everyone will have good luck or success at some point in their lives i) informal to think something is so important, so necessary etc. that you keep mentioning it or thinking about it

10. To take to something like a j) to feel uncomfortable because you feel you do not belong in a place or duck to water She took to dancing like a duck to situation. water.

Unit 3. ARTS 1. Look at the pictures. What are your associations with these pictures?

2. Do you like listening to music? Why / Why not? 3. What is your favourite type of music? (classical, pop, rock, rap, jazz, soul, heavy metal, funk)

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4. Read the text and complete it with the correct form of the words in brackets. Music Since civilization began, music 1) (play) an important part in people’s lives. Even before musical instruments, people 2) (sing) and clapped their hands. Music brings 3) (we) together. It is also very relaxing, although some music, such as pop music, can be a lot 4) (noisy) than other kinds. There are probably hundreds of millions of people around the world 5) (listen) to music at this moment. Being able to make music also 6) (bring) a lot of pleasure. In the past, it 7) (take) years of practice to learn how to play a musical instrument. Today, it’s very easy for anyone who 8) (have) a computer to make music. 5. Read the text about the effects of music. Match the headings to the correct paragraph. Write in a, b, c or d a) Music for stress and pain b) Get a better score and remember more c) The right music to study better d) All kinds of music have an effect 1_____________ Music is not just entertainment. It is medicine for both the brain and the body. Don Campbell is an expert on The Mozart effect and the incredible power of music. He says that all kinds of music, from Mozart to jazz, from Latin to rock can affect our learning and our health. 2_____________ Many people use music to help them feel relaxed after a busy day at work. Music can also reduce the stress of being ill, especially by reducing pain. The director of Baltimore Hospital says that thirty minutes of classical music has the same effect as ten milligrams of the painkiller Valium.

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3_____________ Campbell also says that music can help you concentrate but you need the right kind of music for your mood. And you need to listen for about ten minutes before you start studying. Perhaps your mind needs relaxing or maybe you are tired and you want to feel more energetic. So you should choose the appropriate music to help you. You can use many different kinds of music to help you concentrate. Mozart’s music is very popular, however, because it is very organized and it makes your brain more alert and imaginative. 4______________ Music helps to study better and it can also actually make you more intelligent. In one study, students who listened to Mozart before doing a test got much higher marks than those who didn’t. Many studies also show that children who learn to play a musical instrument before the age of twelve have better memories for the rest of their lives.

6. Watch a video episode. As you watch, take notes and fill in the

missing

information

in

the

summary

below.

(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E7OwdmRoyAw&feature=youtu.be) 7. Do you agree or disagree with the author’s opinion about art? Why do you think art is important?

Unit 4. TECHNOLOGY

“Computer technology is so built into our lives that it’s part of the surround of every artist.” Steven Levy

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1. Look at the list of items below and say what we use each item for. a) Laptop b) Mobile phone c) Digital TV d) Games console e) Digital camera f) Satellite g) Robot 2. Put the words in the correct order to make questions. Then work in pairs and discuss these questions. Example: technology and people have you children think old different attitudes do towards? – Do you think children and old people have different attitudes towards technology?

1. improve How the quality does technology of our life modern? 2. on technology What can effects have negative lives our? (Consider work, family, transport and education). 3. technology have What you bought products 12 months last in the? 4. you Are with satisfied them? 5. aspect of they Have changed your life a particular? (If so, how?) 6. the way think Do has changed technology we communicate you? 7. who job opportunities How for those have skills do from those who do not differ computer-related? 8. the existence you of computers think students has the way learn Do in schools / universities improved? 3. Have you ever surfed the Internet? Read the text about the Net and decide which word, A, B, C or D, best fits each space. There is an example at the beginning (0). Hooked on the Net The (0) B (latest) addiction to trap thousands of people is the Internet, which has been (1)_____ for broken relationships, job losses, financial ruin and even one suicide. Psychologists now recognize Internet Addiction Syndrome

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(IAS) as a new illness that could (2)_________ serious problems and ruin many lives. Special help groups have been set up to (3)_______ sufferers help and support. Psychologists have described many (4)________ examples, including one man who took his own life after (5)________ more than £14,000 to feed his addiction, and a teenager who had to receive psychiatric treatment for his 12-hour-a-day (6)________. ‘This illness is not (7)________, and it must be taken seriously’ said an expert in behavioural addiction at Nottingham Trent University. These are not sad people with serious personality (8)________; they are people who were fine before they found the Internet.’ IAS is similar to other problems like gambling, smoking and drinking: addicts have dreams about the Internet; they need to use it first thing in the morning; they (9)_________to their partners about how much time they spend online; they (10)________ they could cut down, but are unable to do so. A recent study found that many users spend up to 40 hours a week on the Internet; (11)________ they felt guilty, they became depressed if they were (12)_________ to stop using it. Almost anyone can be at risk. Some of the addicts are teenagers who are already (13)__________ on computer games and who (14)________it very difficult to resist the games on the Internet. Surprisingly, however, psychologists (15)________that most victims are middle-aged housewives who have never used a computer before.

0

A closest

В latest

С nearest

D soonest

1

A blamed

В faulted

С mistaken

D accused

2

A lead

В affect

С take

D cause

3

A offer

В suggest

С recommend

D advise

4

A worrying

В worried

С disappointing

D disappointed

5

A gaining

В lending

С winning

D borrowing

6

A habit

В custom

С manner

D routine

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7

A false

В imitation

С fake

D artificial

8

A mistakes

В errors

С faults

D defects

9

A betray

В deceive

С cheat

D lie

10 A want

В wish

С rather

D prefer

11 A although

В despite

С unless

D without

12 A let

В allowed

С had

D made

13 A taken

В addicted

С tied

D hooked

14 A say

В feel

С find

D have

15 A promise

В tell

С say

D object

4. Watch a video episode about Bill Gates and while watching choose the appropriate word. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URtkA7WUY38&feature=youtu.be)

Bill Gates1) really / rarely gives interviews. When he does, it’s something worth listening to. Gates is a 2) strong / straight shooter and right now he’s 3) targeting / teaching his fellows reach. He wants them to 4) start / stop taking and 5) start / stop giving and he’s leading by example pouring his 6) millions / billions into vaccines that will save the 7) lives / life of millions. And that’s only the beginning of his 8) inspiring / inspired plan to spend his 9) fortunate / fortune on the least 10) fortunate / fortune… William Henry Gates has given his life a 11) rebate / rebut. The man who gave the world Microsoft is now giving his billions 12) away / a way.

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5. Watch an interview with Bill Gates and proofread the following statements (true / false). (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8A_iQc0HjM&feature=youtu.be) 1. Gates is plotting a revolution to eliminate polio, feed the world and develop a vaccine for AIDS and malaria. 2. His wife (Melinda) is very involved in all the foundation stuff. 3. They have 4 children. 4. Mom and dad are leaving the kids much. 5. The kids know they won’t grow up with gigantic wealth. 6. Gates thinks that a little of his money should go to the poorest in the world. 7. As a child Gates looked like a gig and he was. 8. When he was 20 it became kind of an obsession how to do right software, what could be done. 9. At 17 he started studying at Harvard. 10.But to his mom’s dismay he soon dropped out to hang out with his naughty mates. 11.He soon decided they would be the best software developers around. 12.In 1965 in Albuquerque in New Mexico they launched Microsoft. 13.Gates was brilliant and often brutal. 14.He was also close to conventional. 15.By 1999 he became the first person to make 100 million dollars. 16.Bill Gates was the name on almost everyone’s lips. 17.His best deal came in 1994 when he married Melinda, a Microsoft employer. 18.The money that Bill is giving away is serious philanthropy. 19.Gates is always trying to make progress, he has big goals. 20.He wants the rest of the rich to do similar things. 6. Read the article about robots. Choose the most suitable heading from the list А-I for each part of the article (1-7). There is one heading which you do not need. There is an example at the beginning (0).

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A FALLING DEMAND В ROBOT STARS С DEPENDABILITY D INEFFICIENCY E NEAR PERFECTION F RESEARCH G CHANGING ROLES H HIDDEN DANGER I MUSCLE POWER 0

F

The most sophisticated Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan then in America or Europe. 1 Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding, spray painting and assembling components. 2 In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively. 3 It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job. 4 It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an

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enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan. 5 Until recently a 50Kg robot arm with the same reach as a human could only lift I Kg. The latest 20Kg robots can lift 2Kg, but this is still no match for a human arm which weighs about 5Kg and can lift 50Kg. 6 The reliability of robots is measured in their M.T.B.F. or mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid 70s to about 10,000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years). One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small sample. 7 The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. Once programmed, their output is more accurate and consistent than humans, who can get tired and bored.

7. Watch an episode about ASIMO and proofread the following statements (true / false). (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pc-hc8XpHNE&feature=youtu.be) 1. ASIMO has been designed to interact with humans. 2. If you reach out your hand it will shake it. 3. This latest version of ASIMO is the product of almost 4 decades of development. 4. It all started back in 1996 with a robot which could walk slowly and clumsily. 5. Later it could walk more like a human being and it was shrunk to a less threatening size.

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6. ASIMO states for ‘Advanced Step Innovative Motion’. 7. 30cm tall is not the perfect size for helping out around the home. 8. Over the years ASIMO has been constantly developed. 9. It is now not mobile enough to play sports. 10. ASIMO can walk backwards and hop. 11. ASIMO can kick a ball but he isn’t good at taking one. 12. It’s difficult for ASIMO to get some refreshments with hands that have 30 degrees of freedom it’s unable to perform delicate tasks such as opening a bottle and pouring a drink. 8. List high-tech equipment and gadgets. Ask your groupmates to tick the ones they own. Collect the results and make a bar graph. Present it to the group. What is the most popular high-tech gadget?

Unit 5. AROUND THE WORLD 1. Do you like travelling? Why / Why not? 2 Have you ever travelled abroad? 3. Put the following words in the correct order to make questions. Think

of

the

answers

to

the

questions. Discuss them in a group. 1. What they do learn when people travel? 2. places you like Would to travel to exotic? 3. when do you pass you are travelling a long How the time way? 4. you would What travel something never around is? 5. What holiday like last was your? 6. did you Where go? 7. you did What see? 8. would to like Which you visit country? 4. Make a list of as many types of holidays as you can (e.g. camping holiday,

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package holiday, city break etc.). What types of holiday do you prefer? Why? 5. Which things do you always/ usually take with you while travelling? Why? 6. Match the words (1-6) with the correct meanings (a-f). 1. Trip 2. Voyage 3. Tour 4. Journey 5. Ride 6. Flight a) a short journey on a horse or other animal, on a bicycle or motorcycle, or in a vehicle. b) an act of travelling from one place to another, especially to a place that is far away. c) an act of travelling to a place and coming back, especially when you only stay in the place for a short time. d) a journey in a plane. e) a long journey in a boat or ship. f) a planned journey in which you visit several places. 7. Fill in the gaps with a suitable word from the box. trip journey

voyage ride

tour flight

1. The ________ from Moscow will arrive at Heathrow Airport in 15 minutes. 2. Her older brother took her for a ______ on his motorbike last Sunday. 3. People who live in London often take a day _____ to Brighton at the weekend. 4. In 1492 Christopher Columbus went on his first ______ across the Atlantic Ocean. 5. Andy and Jane are on a _____ of the Far East which will take two months. 6. She had plenty of time to think of excuses during her _____ to Rome.

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8. Complete the diagram with different means of transport. How do you like to travel? Why?

b_ _ t____

f___y

b _ k_ t_ x_

Means of Transport

p____

s___

b_ _t t_b_

c__

9. Use by or on and a means of transport to complete the following sentences. a) My brother goes to college _________. He likes riding through the quiet streets.

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b) I go to school _________. It is just a ten-minute walk. c) My dad travels to work __________. He enjoys driving a lot. d) My mum travels to work ________. She prefers public transport. e) My uncle is a businessman. He has to fly a lot. He says travelling __________ saves his time. f) Last summer we went to the island. To get there we had to travel _________. 10. Watch an episode about London and decide whether the statements below are true or false. 1. London is situated in the South-West of England. 2. It is home for more than 6 million people. 3. The greatest gift England has given to the world is the language and literature. 4. The story of London didn’t really get going until the Romans withdrew it in the 7th century. 5. William the Conqueror built the Tower of London in the 12th century. 6. London is not easy to navigate around. 7. Tower Bridge is an impressive reminder of London’s rapid expansion during the industrial revolution. 8. Buckingham Palace is the official residence of Queen Elizabeth. 9. Kensington Palace is open to the public the whole year. 10. The Royal Parks of London can’t be used by everyone to enjoy. 11. St. James’s Park and Green Park are situated next to Buckingham Palace. 12. You can see the man-made lake The Serpentine in Hide Park. 13. The Albert Memorial is at the eastern end of Kensington Gardens. 14. The Royal Albert Hall was named in honor of Queen Victoria’s husband, Prince Albert. 15. Westminster Abbey is a place where kings and queens have been crowned, married and buried. 29

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11. Read the text Holidays and choose the correct answers. Holidays Most people enjoy going 1) forward/ abroad/ out for their holidays, and having the opportunity to 2) spend, pass, stay in an interesting city or a seaside resort. If you 3) say/ speak/ tell foreign languages, you can make new friends, and 4) get/ fetch/ take home some souvenirs as presents. But before you can do that, you have to 5) arrive/ reach/ travel your destination, and that is often a problem. If you fly, then you may find that your flight has been 6) reversed/ delayed/ booked. Journeys by train can also be difficult, since trains are often 7) crowded/ occupied/ filling in the summer and you might have to reserve a seat in advance. Whichever way you 8) trip/ tour/ travel you can have problems with your 9) baggages/ luggage/ goods and it is often difficult to find good accommodation. Apart from this, you might not be able to afford the 10) fare/ fair/ far.

12. Tell the group about your last holiday. What was it like? Were there any problems? 13. Think of your ideal holiday. Try to describe it. 14. Write a short story entitled A holiday to Remember. Think of the main characters, time, weather, place, the events and feelings, and what happened in the end. Unit 6. SPORTS

1. Think of as many words as possible related to the theme “sports”. 2. Look at the pictures below. Match the types of sport with the appropriate ones. Discuss the following:

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a) Which of these sports are team sports? individual sports? extreme sports? b) What sports do you think have become popular in the last five to ten years? Why? •butterfly racing

•horse racing

•biathlon

•short track speed skating •figure skating •fencing

•cross country skiing

•ice hockey

•windsurfing

•field hockey •marathon

1.

2.

4.

3.

6.

5.

7.

8.

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•football •curling

•gymnastics

•cycling •rowing

•surfing •sailing

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10.

9.

11. 12

13. 14 16.

15.

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18.

17. 3.

Study the Help Box and match the appropriate verbs with the

appropriate words in the table below. Which sport(s) do you play?

Help Box: Use play with sports with a ball

Use go with sports ending in –ing

Use do with martial arts and activities that you generally do in a gym

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windsurfing, tennis, dancing, athletics, cycling, acrobatics, aerobics, basketball, golf, running, ballet, hiking, judo, sailing, football, karate, chess, swimming, fencing, yoga, ice-hockey

do

play

go

4. Read the text about going skiing and fill in the gaps with a suitable word from the box. boots pants

slopes

jump

poles

instructor goggles lift

It is important to have all the necessary equipment before you go skiing. Waterproof ski 1) __________ are needed to stop you getting wet when you fall over, ski 2) __________ are needed to protect your ankles and ski 3) _______ to protect your eyes. Ski 4) ________ are also useful to help you keep your balance. Before hitting the ski 5) ________ , it is advisable to take some lessons from a ski 6) ________ and a pass for the ski 7) _________ is needed to get to the top. After a few lessons you may even feel daring enough to try a ski 8) _______! 5. Match the words in the columns. tennis

golf club

ring

football

pair of boxing gloves

court

boxing

racquet

course

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snooker

ball

rink

ice skating

cue

pitch

golf

pair of ice skates

hall

6. Think of the sport(s) you do and tell the group about it.

7. Watch an episode ‘Talent Vs Training’. While watching fill in the missing information. Choose the correct words from the list below.

circumstances relentlessly

genes scientists

determined

set

noticed

considered

born

baseline

indicating

science

natural

them isolate

saw

1. To be the best athlete, musician or even gamer you have to train ________. 2. But to what degree does a ________ talent come into play ? 3. Are some of us just __________ with a better chance to be the best at what we do? 4. To study this question in sports _________ have tried subjecting untrained individuals to identical exercise regimes to see if the same amount of training would lead to varying results. 5. Not so surprisingly different individuals _________ different improvement. 6. But interestingly individuals who were related by blood saw similar improvements _________ that their genetics played a role in their athletic potential. 7. These individuals are _______ high responders to training. 8. After statistical analysis of endurance it was _________ that 50% of athletic improvement was linked to genetics. 9. In other words great athletes are born with great _______. 10. Scientists have been able to _______ particular sets of genes. 11. High responders have _______.

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12. Before training scientists ________ something else. 13. Individuals all had different ________ and endurance levels as well. 14. A different ________ of genes gives them a higher baseline. 15. Talent is trainable under the right ________. 16. So if you got what it takes to be an Olympic athlete _______ says you’ll never know until you try. Unit 7. LANGUAGES AND COMMUNICATION

1. Working in pairs or small groups discuss these questions. a) Why do we have language? b) Why do people learn foreign languages? 2. Work in groups. Look at the list of the ten most spoken languages. Which do you think are the top five? Put them in order.

Japanese

Chinese English Arabic Spanish

Hindi Russian Portuguese

German Bengali

3. Read the text Legal protection for languages (by David Crystal) and complete it with the sentences below. a) But not all languages are so fortunate. b) when there was a strong popular movement to halt the decline in the use of Welsh.

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c) The result has been a steady increase in the number of people speaking the language. d) Languages have always borrowed word from each other, and always will. e) it doesn’t need laws to protect it. f) Not all language laws work. g) Governments unfortunately are not always sympathetic to requests for language recognition Legal protection for languages When a language such as English is spoken by hundreds of millions of all over the world, 1)_________. Indeed, it’s difficult to imagine what kind of law could be imposed on a language used by so many people and developing in so many directions at the same time. 2) ______________. In many countries, they need help if they’re to survive. This help can be provided by governments, who can put measures in place to insure that a language continues to be used. This process happened in Wales during the 20th century, 3)____________. The British government eventually passed two Language Acts which guaranteed its status. Visit Wales today and you’ll see Welsh alongside English on road signs and in shops, and hear it often on radio and television. 4) ________________. Even when a language is not endangered, it may still need protection within a country if it’s spoken by a minority who want to preserve their identity. 5) ____________, and conflicts over linguistic rights are common, as seen in the struggle to maintain French in Canada and Basque (Euskara) in Spain. In Bangladesh in 1952 a number of people were killed during a protest over a minority language and in 1999 UNESCO proclaimed 21 st February as International Mother Language Day as a way to remember this conflict. 6) ___________. Some countries have tried to introduce laws to stop people using English loanwords. They have only a limited effect. 7)___________ . English itself has a long history of borrowing from French, Latin and other

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languages, so much so that around 80 per cent of English vocabulary is not Germanic at all. English has changed its character as a result, but has that been a bad thing? Without those loanwords, we wouldn’t have the expressive richness of Shakespeare. 4. Read the text again and decide whether these sentences are true or false. 1) The author thinks it is not necessary for laws to protect the English language. 2) The author says that laws can help minority languages to survive. 3) It is impossible to see Welsh on road signs today. 4) There is an International Mother Language Day. 5) All language laws have a significant effect. 6) The changes in English haven’t been beneficial.

5. Watch an episode about dying languages and decide whether these sentences are true or false. 1. David Harrison and Greg Anderson from the Living Tongues Institute travel the globe searching for words and ideas of a language that can be lost forever. 2. The experts interviewed a man from southern Australia who may be the last speaker of a language previously thought to be extinct. 3. There are eight thousand known languages in the world. 4. More than half of the languages are expected to die out in the coming century. 5. Chris Rainier states that every two weeks around the planet a language disappears completely. 6. National Geographic’s Enduring Voices Project helps to bring awareness to this whole issue of the language loss only in the extreme north of eastern India.

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7. After speaking to several Indian villagers it seems that a local language is widely spoken among the older generation but many aspects of the culture depend on the youth. 8. With help from Indian scholar and a young man the researchers record the basics of the local language. 9. The team also trains locals to use special repair kits. 10.The recordings they make will ensure that even if the last speaker of a native language dies it won’t be the final word. 6. Work in pairs and ask each other the questions. Use the phrases from the Help box to answer the questions below.

Help box  I’m a native speaker of ……… .  I speak …….. as a first / foreign language.  I speak ………. quite well / fluently.  I can read ………. .  I speak a few words of …….. / I can get by in ……… .  At the moment I’m learning ………  I’m planning to learn……. because……. .  When learning a language ……….. is really important for me.  People who work as / in …….. use English to …….  I use usually / often / sometimes use English / Spanish /… because

a) Which languages do you speak? How well do speak them? b) What other languages do people speak in your country? c) What languages are learning now? Why? d) What languages are you planning to learn in the future? Why? c) Is English used in your country in any particular jobs?

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Unit 8. CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS

1. Work in pairs. How could you finish this sentence? Culture is ……… 2. Read the text Towards a definition of CULTURE and complete it with the sentences below. 1) 2) 3) 4)

People think this kind of information is valuable and important. These tests contain many questions about the country’s “Culture”. Everyone knows what it is, but explains it in different ways. One thing we can all agree on is that culture is about being unique and different. 5) The United States and Britain today are multicultural; they have lots of different cultures. Towards a definition of CULTURE How many definitions of culture exist? Culture is a very difficult term to define. a) ____________ . For some people it means literature, music and art. Others define it as beliefs, ways of behaving and the ideas of a particular group. Another broader definition says that it is all the knowledge and values of a society. Lord Raglan, a British soldier and author in the 20th century, once famously said, “Culture is roughly everything we do and the monkeys don’t.” There are as many definitions of culture as there are different societies.

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Two kinds of culture One useful starting point is the idea of two types of culture: culture with a capital C and culture with a small c. Culture with a capital C refers to music, literature and the visual arts. It also includes facts and statistics about a national group or society. b) ___________ . A person is cultured if they know a lot about culture with a capital C. Many English-speaking countries now have citizenship tests for new immigrants. c) _____________ . Examples might include Who wrote Hamlet? or Where does the Queen live? Culture with a small c refers to beliefs, values, traditions and the everyday life of a particular community. d) __________. Culture with a small c can be different from one part of a country to another. Travellers and people who do business with people from different places are often more interested in culture with a small c. Example questions could include What time do Americans start and finish work? or Do Germans shake hands or kiss when they meet each other? e) _______________. Culture gives a person a special identity. Culture gives a community or a country a different character. Whatever the definition, culture plays an important part in everybody’s life.

3. Write three or four questions about your own national culture. Include a mixture of “capital C” and “small c” questions. 4. Work in small groups. Read your questions to each other and choose the most interesting ten questions. 5. Work with another group. Read out the questions. The other group tries to answer them. Then swap the roles. Which group got the most answers correct? 6. Read the text Cultural differences at the dinner table and write one word in each gap.

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Cultural differences at the dinner table In some cultures, when you are invited to 1) _________ a meal at someone’s house, you might be considered rude if you don’t say how nice the food is. In Britain, for example, it’s normal for someone to compliment the cook 2)________ the tastiness of the meal. You can say something like, “That was delicious. Do, please, write the recipe down 3)________ me!” In other cultures, however, people tend not 4) __________ be so full 5)______ enthusiasm for the meal. You might be regarded 6)________ being rude, as the cook might associate your praise 7) _____ surprise. He or she might think, “So, they’re shocked I can cook well, are they?” If you’re not sure how to react, the best advice is to wait and 8)_______ how other people at the table react. If that doesn’t help, be very careful 9) _______ what to say! I would suggest 10)_______ one solution could be to say, “That was delicious, but then I knew it would be!”

7. Watch an episode about traditions of the shaman and decide whether these sentences are true or false. 1. A shaman is a high priest of ancient faith. 2. Now this is the land of the Mongols. 3. Native people believe that the natural world is sacred. 4. The shaman considers it right to pay one’s respect before a natural altar. 5. This natural alter unites 3 spiritual worlds. 6. There have never been attempts to exterminate shamans’ religion. 7. To transport one’s wishes to the spirit world above one should tie a strip of cloth to the sacred tree. 8. For native people Valentin (the shaman) is a counselor and a healer as well. 9. Pilgrims only from Russia make their way to this sacred place.

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Unit 9. GLOBAL AFFAIRS

1. Read the text and use the correct form of the words in brackets to complete the sentences. What is the text about? Globalization is a difficult term to define because it 1) (come) to mean so many things. In general, the term 2) (refer) to the trend toward countries joining together 3) (economical), through education, society and politics, and viewing themselves not only through their 4) (nation) identity but also as part of the world as a whole. Globalization is said to bring people of all nations closer together, 5) (special) through a common medium like the economy or the Internet. 2. Put the following words in the correct order to make questions. Think of the answers to the questions. Discuss them in a group. 1. What images spring to mind when you hear the word ‘globalization’? 2. How long has the term ‘globalization’ been around? 3. What are the good things and bad things about globalization? 4. Do you think it’s possible to ignore globalization? 5. What does globalization mean to you? 6. How has globalization affected your life? 7. Do you think globalization will make us all the same in the future? 3. Read the text which covers some aspects of globalization. Fill in the gaps with appropriate prepositions. Culture: Globalization is having a significant impact 1) _____ local cultures and overall global diversity -- issues that are often fraught with intense emotion and controversy.

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Global Climate: Climatic challenges are increasingly the subject of international efforts because of their cross-border effects and the impossibility that just one or a few nations can solve climate related problems 2) _____ their own. Global Health: Globalization increases the frequency and ease 3) ______ which diseases can move around the world. It can also improve access 4) _____ the medicines, medical information, and training that can help treat or cure these diseases. International Conflict: Particularly conflicts that are rooted 5) _____ cultural, religious, or ethnic disparity. Migration: People may migrate 6) ____ order to improve their economic situation, or 7) ____ order to escape civil strife, persecution or environmental disasters. Spurred by globalization, the free flow of information, improved global communication and changes in transportation have manifested 8) _____ increasing migration across the globe. Trade: The growth of international trade 9) _________ the past several decades has been the foundation of globalization. This section deals with issues of trade including free trade agreements, barriers to trade, currency, and specific case studies of interactions in the global economy. Women and Globalization: The role of women has been altered 10) _____ globalization through increased economic, cultural and political opportunity. 4. Watch an episode about globalization and decide whether these sentences are true or false. 1. Advances in technology have made the growth of transport and communication networks possible. 2. Globalization comes from ‘globe’. 3. It means the world wide coming apart of countries and nations. 4. There’s an inactive exchange of goods between countries. 5. Unfortunately not all products are available to people. 6. However, all of the following individual elements (services, knowledge, cultural goods and even languages) are closely linked and influence each other. 7. Because of globalization only the environment can suffer. 8. People in industrialized countries work for the same money in comparison to those in economically disadvantaged countries. 9. The use of airplanes, ships and lorries to transport goods over international borders is constantly on the increase. 10. National environmental standards are ignored.

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Библиографический список 1. Clandfield L., Benne R.R. Global Intermediate Coursebook / L. Clandfield, R.R. Benne with additional material by Amanda Jeffries. – Macmillan Publishers Limited, 2011. – 158 p. 2. Duckworth M., Gude K. New Success at First Certificate Workbook / M. Duckworth, K. Gude. – Oxford University Press, 1997. – 96 p. 3. Evans V.- O’Sullivan N. Click On 3, Student’s Book / V.Evans - N. O’Sullivan. – Express Publishing, 2001. – 165 p. 4. Hallows R., Lisboa M., Unwin M. IELTS Express Upper Intermediate Coursebook, Second Edition / R. Hallows, M. Lisboa, M. Unwin. – National Geographic Learning, 2013. – 144 p. 5. Longman

Dictionary

of

Contemporary

English:

http://www.ldoceonline.com/ 6. Vince M. Intermediate Language Practice, English Grammar and Vocabulary / Michael Vince with Paul Emmerson. – Macmillan Publishers Limited, 2007. – 296 p. 7. Evans V.- Dooley J. Upstream, Pre-Intermediate, Student’s Book / V.Evans - J. Dooley. – Express Publishing, 2004. – 152 p.

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Источники видеоматериала 1. Rural and Urban Living https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z09tGT2xpBs&feature=youtu.be 2. Wildlife https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BXOUjG6_x-E&feature=youtu.be 3. Arts https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E7OwdmRoyAw&feature=youtu.be 4. Technology https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URtkA7WUY38&feature=youtu.be https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8A_iQc0HjM&feature=youtu.be https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pc-hc8XpHNE&feature=youtu.be 5. Around the World https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KkeGowABMYM&feature=youtu.be 6. Sports https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMr2hl2UfCo&feature=youtu.be 7. Languages and Communication https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O8PMOKyJTck&feature=youtu.be 8. Customs and Traditions https://vk.com/video277704898_171819817 9. Global Affairs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=69xw7aXMM_4&feature=youtu.be

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Contents Unit 1. Rural and Urban Living .................................................................. 3 Unit 2. Wildlife ............................................................................................. 8 Unit 3. Arts ................................................................................................. 17 Unit 4. Technology...................................................................................... 19 Unit 5. Around the World .......................................................................... 26 Unit 6. Sports ............................................................................................. 30 Unit 7. Languages and Communication .................................................... 36 Unit 8. Customs and Traditions ................................................................ 40 Unit 9. Global Affairs ................................................................................ 43 Библиографический список ..................................................................... 45 Источники видеоматериала .................................................................... 46

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Учебное издание

SOCIAL LIFE Учебно-методическое пособие Составители: Малыхина Надежда Игоревна, Шишкина Наталья Михайловна

Издано в авторской редакции

Подписано в печать 21.09.2017. Формат 60×84/16 Уч.-изд. л. 2,3. Усл. печ. л. 2,8. Тираж 25 экз. Заказ 492 Издательский дом ВГУ 394018 Воронеж, пл. им. Ленина, 10 Отпечатано с готового оригинал-макета в типографии Издательского дома ВГУ 394018 Воронеж, ул. Пушкинская, 3

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