Science for Students of Leather Technology: The Commonwealth and International Library: Technology Division a Modern Course in Leather Technology
330 109 5MB
English Pages [289] Year 2016
Table of contents :
Front Cover......Page 1
Science for Students of Leather Technology......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Table of Contents......Page 6
Foreword......Page 10
CHAPTER 1. Introduction......Page 12
ATOMS......Page 16
BONDS BETWEEN ATOMS......Page 17
CO-ORDINATION COMPOUNDS......Page 20
BONDS BETWEEN MOLECULES......Page 21
WATER......Page 23
AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS......Page 24
ACIDS AND BASES......Page 28
BUFFERS......Page 44
INDICATORS......Page 47
DIFFUSION......Page 50
SWELLING......Page 52
INTRODUCTION......Page 60
TYPES OF MACROMOLECULES......Page 61
PROTEINS......Page 83
POLYSACCHARIDES OR CARBOHYDRATES......Page 95
SIMPLE LIPIDS......Page 119
THE FATTY ACIDS......Page 120
THE DEGREE OF UNSATURATION......Page 122
LIPIDS AND THEIR PROPERTIES......Page 123
HYDROLYSIS (SAPONIFICATION)......Page 124
THE REACTION OF OILS WITH SULPHURIC ACID......Page 125
THE REACTION OF OILS WITH SALTS OF SULPHUROUS ACID......Page 126
OXIDATION AND POLYMERIZATION REACTIONS OF UNSATURATED LIPIDS......Page 127
SURFACE AND INTERFACIAL TENSIONS......Page 131
ADHESION AND COHESION......Page 133
SOLUTIONS......Page 136
SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS......Page 137
EMULSIONS......Page 141
CHAPTER 6. Skin Structure and the Chemistry of Collagen......Page 145
THE HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF MAMMALIAN SKIN......Page 146
THE EPIDERMIS......Page 148
THE DERMIS......Page 154
THE CHEMISTRY OF COLLAGEN......Page 163
INSECTS IN RELATION TO LEATHER PRODUCTION......Page 171
MICRO-ORGANISMS AND LEATHER PRODUCTION......Page 180
CHAPTER 8. The Chemistry of Mineral Tannage......Page 198
MASKING AND MASKED SOLUTIONS......Page 205
SUBSTITUTED MONOCARBOXYLIC ACIDS......Page 208
TANNAGE AS COMPLEX FORMATION INVOLVING MASKING......Page 209
THE COMPOSITION OF CHROME-TANNING MATERIALS......Page 210
PARTICLE SIZE DETERMINATION......Page 213
USE OF ION-EXCHANGE RESINS......Page 215
CONDUCTIVITY STUDIES......Page 216
STUDIES OF COMPLEXES BASED ON pH DETERMINATION......Page 217
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS......Page 219
REACTION BETWEEN CHROMIUM COMPLEXES AND CHEMICALLY MODIFIED COLLAGEN......Page 221
THE KINETICS OF CHROME COMPLEX FORMATION AND CHROME TANNING......Page 223
TWO-BATH CHROME TANNING......Page 224
VEGETABLE TANNINS......Page 229
SYNTANS......Page 242
INTRODUCTORY THEORY OF TANNAGE WITH VEGETABLE AND SYNTHETIC TANNINS......Page 248
DYESTUFFS......Page 251
PIGMENTS......Page 277
Index......Page 282
Front Cover......Page 1
Science for Students of Leather Technology......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Table of Contents......Page 6
Foreword......Page 10
CHAPTER 1. Introduction......Page 12
ATOMS......Page 16
BONDS BETWEEN ATOMS......Page 17
CO-ORDINATION COMPOUNDS......Page 20
BONDS BETWEEN MOLECULES......Page 21
WATER......Page 23
AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS......Page 24
ACIDS AND BASES......Page 28
BUFFERS......Page 44
INDICATORS......Page 47
DIFFUSION......Page 50
SWELLING......Page 52
INTRODUCTION......Page 60
TYPES OF MACROMOLECULES......Page 61
PROTEINS......Page 83
POLYSACCHARIDES OR CARBOHYDRATES......Page 95
SIMPLE LIPIDS......Page 119
THE FATTY ACIDS......Page 120
THE DEGREE OF UNSATURATION......Page 122
LIPIDS AND THEIR PROPERTIES......Page 123
HYDROLYSIS (SAPONIFICATION)......Page 124
THE REACTION OF OILS WITH SULPHURIC ACID......Page 125
THE REACTION OF OILS WITH SALTS OF SULPHUROUS ACID......Page 126
OXIDATION AND POLYMERIZATION REACTIONS OF UNSATURATED LIPIDS......Page 127
SURFACE AND INTERFACIAL TENSIONS......Page 131
ADHESION AND COHESION......Page 133
SOLUTIONS......Page 136
SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS......Page 137
EMULSIONS......Page 141
CHAPTER 6. Skin Structure and the Chemistry of Collagen......Page 145
THE HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF MAMMALIAN SKIN......Page 146
THE EPIDERMIS......Page 148
THE DERMIS......Page 154
THE CHEMISTRY OF COLLAGEN......Page 163
INSECTS IN RELATION TO LEATHER PRODUCTION......Page 171
MICRO-ORGANISMS AND LEATHER PRODUCTION......Page 180
CHAPTER 8. The Chemistry of Mineral Tannage......Page 198
MASKING AND MASKED SOLUTIONS......Page 205
SUBSTITUTED MONOCARBOXYLIC ACIDS......Page 208
TANNAGE AS COMPLEX FORMATION INVOLVING MASKING......Page 209
THE COMPOSITION OF CHROME-TANNING MATERIALS......Page 210
PARTICLE SIZE DETERMINATION......Page 213
USE OF ION-EXCHANGE RESINS......Page 215
CONDUCTIVITY STUDIES......Page 216
STUDIES OF COMPLEXES BASED ON pH DETERMINATION......Page 217
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS......Page 219
REACTION BETWEEN CHROMIUM COMPLEXES AND CHEMICALLY MODIFIED COLLAGEN......Page 221
THE KINETICS OF CHROME COMPLEX FORMATION AND CHROME TANNING......Page 223
TWO-BATH CHROME TANNING......Page 224
VEGETABLE TANNINS......Page 229
SYNTANS......Page 242
INTRODUCTORY THEORY OF TANNAGE WITH VEGETABLE AND SYNTHETIC TANNINS......Page 248
DYESTUFFS......Page 251
PIGMENTS......Page 277
Index......Page 282
