Samuel Pufendorf and the Emergence of Economics as a Social Science 3030497909, 9783030497903

Table of contents :
Contents
Introduction
References
Pufendorf and His Importance for the European Enlightenment in General
1 Who Was Samuel Pufendorf?
2 Pufendorf’s System of Natural Law
2.1 Pufendorf’s Writings
2.2 Pufendorf’s Method
2.3 Man’s Social Life: the Foundation of Natural Law
2.4 Natural Law Deduced from Reason
2.5 Natural Law Founded on the Condition of Man
2.6 Natural Law the Standard of Judgement
2.7 Law of Nations
3 The Diffusion of Pufendorf’s Natural Law
3.1 De Officio: An International Bestseller
3.2 Jean Barbeyrac the Preeminent French Translator
3.3 Editions and Translations of De Officio
3.4 Editions and Translations of De Jure Naturae et Gentium
3.5 Natural Law a University Subject
4 An Obstetrician and a Champion of the Enlightenment
4.1 An Obstetrician to the Enlightenment
4.2 A Champion of the Enlightenment
4.3 International Law
4.4 Pufendorf in the Anglo-American Literature
4.5 The US Declaration of Independence
5 John Locke: An Admirer of Pufendorf
5.1 Pufendorf Locke’s Important Source
5.2 Locke and the Diffusion of Pufendorf’s Natural Law
6 Natural Law and the French Enlightenment
6.1 Charles-Louis Montesquieu
6.1.1 Montesquieu Stands Indebted to Pufendorf
6.1.2 Montesquieu’s Followers
6.2 Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui
6.2.1 Burlamaqui Copied from Pufendorf
6.2.2 Burlamaqui’s Influence
6.3 Jean-Jacques Rousseau
6.3.1 Did Pufendorf Influence Rousseau?
6.3.2 Rousseau’s Impact
6.4 Denis Diderot
6.4.1 Diderot an Admirer of Pufendorf
7 Natural Law and the Scottish Enlightenment
7.1 Why Did Carmichael Select De Officio as a Textbook?
7.2 Carmichael’s Influence
7.3 Francis Hutcheson
7.3.1 Moral Philosophy Becomes Ethics, Law of Nature, Economics and Politics
7.4 Hutcheson’s Influence
7.5 Pufendorf as a Predecessor of Adam Smith
7.6 Smith’s Reliance on Pufendorf
8 The Resurrection of Natural Law and the New Enlightenment
8.1 The Elimination of Natural Law
8.2 The Resurrection of Natural Law
9 Conclusion: The Challenge
References
Pufendorf, Hume and Adam Smith: A Question of Influence
1 The Obituary of Istvan Hont
2 Natural Law and Natural Jurisprudence: Two Perspectives
3 Pufendorf’s Influence
4 Hume and Smith’s Politics
5 Hume and the Development of His Moral Philosophy
6 Adam Smith and His Two Models
7 Natural Law and Human Rights
References
Pufendorf and His Importance for the Development of Economics as a Science
1 Pufendorf on Political Economy
1.1 Economic Doctrines
1.2 A Theory of Human Behaviour
1.3 Private Property and the Four Stages
1.4 Value, Money and Trade
1.5 Foundation of States and Council Decisions
1.6 Division of State Powers and Principles of Taxation
2 Dispersion of Pufendorf’s Natural Law and Political Economy
3 John Locke the First to Use Pufendorf’s Political Economy
3.1 Theory of Human Behaviour
3.2 Theory of Property
3.3 The Theory of Value, Money and Trade
3.4 Money and Trade
3.5 Foundation of States
3.6 Division of State Powers, Corruption and Taxation
4 The French Philosophers and Political Economy
4.1 Montesquieu on Political Economy
4.2 Human Behaviour
4.3 Property and the Four-Stages Theory
4.4 Value, Money and Trade
4.5 Foundation of States and Council Decisions
4.6 Division of State Powers and Principles of Taxation
4.7 Jean-Jaques Rousseau on Political Economy
4.8 Human Behaviour
4.9 Theory of Property
4.10 Value, Money and Trade
4.11 Foundation of States and Council Decisions
4.12 Division of State Powers and Principles of Taxation
4.13 The Foundation of Physiocratic Economic Thoughts
4.14 Human Behaviour and Private Property
4.15 Theory of Value
4.16 The Foundation of States and Council Decisions
4.17 Division of State Powers and Principles of Taxation
5 Pufendorf as a Predecessor of Adam Smith
5.1 Francis Hutcheson Built on Pufendorf
5.2 Theory of Human Behaviour
5.3 Theory of Property
5.4 Theory of Value, Money and Trade
5.5 The Foundation of States and Council
5.6 Division of State Powers and Principles of Taxation
5.7 Pufendorf and Smith on Political Economy
5.8 Theory of Human Behaviour
5.9 Theory of Property
5.10 The Four-Stage Theory
5.11 Property as an Exclusive Right
5.12 Property Based on a Common Consent or Agreement
5.13 A Labour Theory of Property
5.14 Theories of Value, Money and Trade
5.15 Value in Lectures on Jurisprudence
5.16 Theory of Price, the Natural Price and the Market Price
5.17 Theory of Money
5.18 Debasement of Money
5.19 Money and Trade
5.20 Money in the Wealth of Nations
5.21 A Labour Theory of Value
5.22 The Natural and the Market Price
5.23 Origin of Money and Debasement of Money
5.24 Foundation of States and Councils
5.25 Voting Rules
5.26 Division of Responsibility and Principles of Taxation
5.27 On Taxation
6 Conclusion
References
Pufendorf’s Theory of the Origin of Property Rights and Its Relationship to Locke’s Ideas
1 Introduction
2 What Pufendorf Said
3 A Modern Understanding of Pufendorf
4 Locke’s Variation and Pufendorf’s Conjectured Response
5 Conclusion
References
How to Shape Societies: Pufendorf on Organizing Individual Interests and Social Interaction
1 Some Background
2 Man as Selfish and Social
3 The State
4 Decision Rules or the Art of Reasonable Compromise
5 Paradox of Majority Voting and Impossibility Theorem
6 Outlook for the Future on Pufendorf Fundamentals
References
Samuel Pufendorf’s Contractarian Corporate Governance Principles. A New Perspective for Business Economics and Ethics Studies
1 General Principles
1.1 The Importance of Pufendorf’s Theory of Justice in the Area of Business Economics
1.2 What Pufendorf Means by Natural Law
1.3 The Basic Postulate of Pufendorf About Men as Moral Subjects
1.4 The Complexity of Pufendorf’s Laic Ethics
1.5 The Implications of Pufendorf’s Negative Common Goods Natural Law Theory
2 Corporate Governance
2.1 The Company as an Artificial Individual Born from the Association of Single Individuals
2.2 The Separation Between Ownership and Management in the Company
2.3 The Problem of the Company’s Relations, as an Association of Individuals for the Realization of a Superior Business Activity, and the Institutional Theories of the Company
3 Conclusions
References
Late Scholastics as Predecessors of Natural Law Economics – The Viewpoint of Joseph Höffner
1 Joseph Höffner as a Scientist
2 Views on the Economy at the Time of Scholasticism
3 The Rediscovery of Scholastic Economics
4 Methodology and Issues of Scholastic Economics
5 The Economic Teachings of a High Scholastic
6 The Nominalists
7 The Fifteenth Century
8 The First Half of the Sixteenth Century
9 The Second Half of the Sixteenth Century
10 The Scholastic Doctors and the Natural Law Philosophers
References
How to Approach Samuel Pufendorf’s Economic Ideas?
1 Pufendorf’s Academic Reputation
2 Pufendorf in Major Works of History of Economic Thought
2.1 Paul Mombert (1927)
2.2 Othmar Spann (1930)
2.3 Karl Brandt (1992)
2.4 Gerhard Kolb (1997)
2.5 Joseph Alois Schumpeter on Pufendorf
2.6 Henry William Spiegel (1983)
3 Authors of the German Historical School
3.1 Wilhelm Roscher on Samuel Pufendorf
3.2 Gustav Schmoller’s Reflections on Pufendorf and his Time
4 Conclusions
References
Why Pufendorf Matters
1 Introduction
2 The Anthropocene
2.1 The Anthropos – Who Are We?
2.2 Self-Interest
2.3 Sociability
3 Neurosciences on Self-Interest and Sociability
3.1 Motivational System
3.2 Aggression Apparatus
4 The Individual and the State
4.1 The Enlightenment Versus Pufendorf
4.2 Modern Economics and the Homo Oeconomicus
5 Conclusion
References