Rand Club, 1887-1957.

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ISSUED BY

THE ~ TO M A R X

D C I.U S , j O H A N NESBURG

T H E O C C A SION O F T H EIR SEVENTIETH AN N IVERSAR Y

PIUNTED IN T H E SY C h P E

U N I O N O F SOQTH h F RICA

T I M E S IJM ffKD~ C h P E

TOW N

М ЕМ В Е К Я О Е С О М М ! Т Т Е Е 19~6 — ~7

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F ORE W O R D Successive Committees fo r

s e veral

years have felt it was most desirable that a history of our Club should he written, fully realizing that the longer this was delayed the more dificult it would become to recover authentic information and produce a reliable record. A considerable amount of material had been collected to that end by i 9gg, and Mr. L. E . N eame was then appointed to compile and write the

history of our Club.

M r . N eame delved deeply into past records and

deserves congratulations on the success he has achieved.

T h e p r esent

Committee decided that this book should be published without further delay to coincide with the c elebration of th e 7 oth anniversary of the

Club's foundation. It presents some interesting sidelights on the history of the Transvaal, and the Committee hope and believe that it will a8'ord pleasure to' members as well as provide them with a record of events which otherwise would be forgotten soon. I t i s illustrated by a representative selection of' photo-

graphs covering the whole period of the Club's development, and Finally reflecting the congenial atmosphere of the Club to-day. The Committee feel that all Club m embers will read it vvith interest and they have therefore decided to present each member with a copy on the occasion of the goth anniversary. %Phile it cannot be claimed that it

is a complete and comprehensive record of ever+hing of interest that happened in the earlv davs, I commend it as a valuable addition to the library of every member.

lLAND CLIJB~

i6th August,

Contents page vii

F OR E W O R D

I

ll

FO U N DI N G T HK C L U B

TH K F I RsT C L u s H o u sE

III TH E

IV

S E c o ND C I . us H o u s E

T H E J AM E SO N R A ID A N D T H K B O E R W A R

V

T H E T H I R D C L U B H O U SE

Vl

RI O T S A N D %V A R

19 1 3— 1 8

%II 8 K T vv K E N T W o lV o R L D %VA R s

Vill

IX

C H A N G E I N O WN E R S H I P

S K c o N D W o R L D W A R A N D A F T E R.

A I P EN

DICKS

6o

IOS

Illustrations FACING PhGE

Club House t 9g7

Frontispiece

Original Club House Architects' Design for Second Club House Second Club House in " T h e N i neties"

Loveday Street in "The Nineties" — Rand Club on right. Bronze — Cecil John Rhodes Bronz~President Kruger

4.0

z gth Anniversary — Floral Decorations

z gth Anniversary Ball. Main Hall and Staircase Main Staircase

Main Dining Room goth Anniversarv Dinner

Writing Room Card Room..

top

6oth Anniversary Bali

Library

! zo

Main Bar

Tommy's Bar

t36

S nack Luncheon Room . .

t 37

Large Private Dining Room Exit from Main D i n ing Room

t%3

Kitchen

s68

Arthur ARleck, Secretary

s69

Founding the Club The Rand Club occupies a unique p lace among the famous clubs that were established in m any parts of t h e worM during the Victorian Era. I ts colourful and often dramatic history is closely l i nked w it h th e d e velopment o f

t h e w o r l d ' s greatest goldfield and w i t h t h e e m ergence of

modern South A f r i ca. It began in a

s ingle-storer shantv i n t h e h t t l e South A f r ican Republic

set up by the Boers in the Transvaal in the i8 g o's. It i s h o used to-day in a magnificent building in the heart of the biggest and wealthiest city in Southern Africa. It was launched as a social club; and it has always been a social club (ts atmosphere is still one of Victorian dignity and massiveness, suggesting the exclusiveness of the historic clubs of St. James's and Pall Mall.

Its

Committees have ahvays disliked anv reference to it in the newspapers; and all references to its doings were follov ed by an effort to discover the source of the publicity and by a reminder to the oHender that it was the u nwritten lavv of the Rand Club that its proceedings were never to b e reported. But although its activities were seldom recorded in the contemporary

Press, there vvere times when by force of unpredictable events the Rand Club had history thrust upon it. I t figured in political upheavals in which oKcially it took no part. A t one time manv of its leading members were arrested and sentenced for high treason; and for ~eeks a quorum of those vvho sat on its Committee c ould only have been obtained in the cells of the Pretoria gaol.

It was

attacked by a mob during an industrial upheaval, and its defence led to fierce street fighting in which there were many casualties. It wielded much inHuence in periods of national and financial crisis, not

because it desired to play a part in external affairs, but because many of its members were men to w hom the public looked for guidance and leadership in time of difhculty. Although the Rand Club became known the w o rl d over, and is not yet seventy years old, the story of its founding remains obscure, and diH'erent versions of its launching have given rise to controversies in vvhich agreement has never been reached.

lateau

It came into being during the first stages of a gold rush to a bleak p

nearly three hundred miles from a raihvay, when there were few facilities

for keeping formal records and when major decisions were made by word o f

m o u th , o r b y r o u g h n o tes t hat w e r e s oon l ost o r d e s t royed.

Even its own annals contain no details of the precise manner of its founding; and no attempt was made to reconstruct it s historv unti l t h ose who

had made it had passed away. To visualize the conditions under w h ic h

t h e R and Club w a s founded,

one must picture the conununity in w h i c h i t

c ame into b eing,

In the mid-nineteenth century there stretched for t hi rt y m i l es south of the lit tl e v i l lage of P r e t oria an almost t r eeless upland a mil e above sealevel.

T h e B o ers in P r esident Kruger's South A f rican Republic called it

the W i t w atersrand ( White W a t ers R i d ge) b ecause in s u m me r i t wa s c overed wit h l akes and ponds though in w i n te r i t w a s a d r y an d w i n d s wept highland from

w h i c h th e farmers moved t heir cattle i nt o w a r m er

veld. On this plateau in F e bruary, i 886, t r aces of gold w er e f o und i n t h e

rock outcrop on the farm I.anglaagte,a few miles from the centre of modern Johannesburg. W hat was uncovered was a new kind of goldbearing rock w h ich t h e Boe~ c alled " b a nket " semblance to a D u t c h s w eetmeat of t hat n ame .

b e cause it b or e some reN e w s o f t h e d i scovery

reached the neighbouring villages of Pretoria and Heidelberg and men d rove over to t h e W h i t e W a t ers Ridge and obtained permission to p r o s pect the new Field. b erley, t hen

S amples of the geld-bearing rock were sent to K i m -

t h e m o s t i m p o r tant m i n in g an d fi nancial centre i n S o u t h

Africa. T h e assails were so impressive that Cecil John Rhodes, Joseph Benjamin Robinson, C .

H . R u d d , A l f re d B eit and other leading men on

pou N D I N G

T H E c r. u s

the diamond fields booked seats on the Pretoria coach and left it at Potchefstroom to secure transport t o c arry t h e m t o

w h a t was at fi rst k n ovvn as

the "Heidelberg Goldfield". It vvas clear that gold in c onsiderable quantities lav beneath the surface

of the White Waters Ridge, and men from all parts of South Africa began to make their way to it. Petitions were sent to the Government at Pretoria asking that a public digging should be proclaimed. President Kruger and his Executive w er e

s v mpathetic bu t m o v e d s l o w ly , f i r s t b e cause they

wished to have a report from their own o 5 c i als showing that the prospects

justified the proclaiming of a goldfield, and secondly because they wanted to revise the Gold Law b efore allowing new enterprises to begin.

tually public diggings were proclaimed i n

E v e n-

September, O ctober and

N ovember, i 8 8 6 . By that time t h er e w ere eight o r

n i n e h u ndred men o n t h e R and and

more were pouring in at the rate of hundreds a month. T h e y w er e li ving in tents and shacks and even holes in t h e g r o und, and t h e d e mand for accommodation for d i ggers and traders was so great that th e n ewcomers did not wait for t h e m a rking out of a G o vernment township but began to provide for t hemselves. In September, r 886, one-legged Samuel Fox, a prospector and speculator

well known among the pioneers of the Rand, leased a large piece of ground on which to ru n h o r ses; but he saw it w o ul d be more valuable for build-

ing purposes and with Henry Brown Marshall, a trader from Heidelberg, a nd R.

R . H o l l i n s , a l a w ye r f r o m P r e t o r ia, an d o t h ers, h e f o r m e d a

syndicate and m a r ke d o u t a p r i v ate t o w n ship and n amed i t M a r shall's Town.

While this early dealing in land was going on, the Government decided to provide the goldfield with an official township. One was surveyed by J. N . d e V i l l i ers o n a p i ece o f G o v e r nment g r ound t hat h a d b een l eft vacant betw'een the borders of the farms. T h i s t r iangular-shaped plot vvas

called Randjeslaagte and upon it a village of stands was marked out and named Johannesburg. The stands were sold by auction on December 8, i 886, on a 99-yearn' lease with a stand l i cence of ten shillings a month. Owing to this rival township planning, one side of Commissioner Street

T HE

RAN D

C LU B

Iay in the oIIIcial township of Johannesburg and the other side was in Mars hall's TowII .

T h e r e w a s some dispute w it h t h e G o v ernment o ve r t h e

]apng out of Marshall's Toxam and eventually the syndicate owning it surrendered a strip of i t s g r ound to give Com m issioner Street its p resent

width. l n the meantime the population of the Rand was growing rapidly.

Bv

the middle of' I88y there were probably three thousand men on the dreary upland, l i ving under ver I; unpleasant conditions. T h e Avinter m o n th s of I 886 had been cold, and pneumonia was rife among the dwellers in t e nts

and wagons and shacks. The following summer rvas marked by exceptionallv rains which t u r ned " t h e c a mp " i n t o a m o r ass for we e k s

hery

together and caused the collapse of some of the m ud-brick houses that had been hurriedly erected.

T h e r e was no public l i g h ting, and no sanitation.

Small tin shanties were flattered by being called " h o t els" , an d th e r o ugh d ining-rooms wcl c so c rowvdcd that l t

w a s d l I fIcult t o o b t ain a m eal i n

comfort. At night there were no places of entertainment save the numerous bars whIch w'cl e . the scene of savage joys, The school of coarse good-fellowship and noise. The amusements provided for th e l eisure hours of the diggcrs were of

the rough mining-camp tvpe.

R at pits were constructed in w h ic h t h e r e

w ere matches between w e l l - known dogs for s t akes of a g o r

m o re, and

there was a great deal of betting on the results. T h ese events were reported a t some length in th e camp papers, in w h ich i t

w a s recorded that a d o g

named Valentine killed t w enty r ats in 2 m i n . g 3 sec. Prize lights were held in the back rooms of hotels, in which professional pugilists took part, and sometimes as much as Lg was charged for admission. D o g fIghting also provided a popular entertainment, and the matches were reported in th e b etween Mr .

l o cal P ress. T h e r e was a notable one at Boovsens G . Jardine's "well-known Jake Kilrain 9o in Marshall's Tow~hip, forming a block running from Com m issioner Street to Fox Street with a frontage to Loved ay Street, and upon t h e m e r ected pr emises that were occupied b y t h e

newly formed Rand Club. Arrangements for the launching of the Rand Club were made in hotels and o%ces on th e assumption that i t premises.

w o u l d b e p ossible to r e n t s u i table

T h e E r s t C o m m i t tee meeting r ecorded i n t h e C l u b m i n u t es

took place on October y, ISSUE. It was attended bv H. Bettelheim (in the Chair), Dr. T. G. La~mence and Messrs. Baihe, Glen and H. Eckstein. T he Chairman submitted a list of fo r t v-four " F o u ndation Members" w h o

had paid for their shares in the Club Company Ltd., and the names of a further twenty-two Foundation ! I'lembers who had not paid at that date and who were later informed that failing payment they would be required to s ubmit t o a b a l l o t i n t h e o r d i n arv c o u rse. T h a t b a l l ot w a s h e ld o n November 3o ,

i 8 8 y , w h e n t h e C l u b H o u se was about t o b e o c c u pied,

and candidates w er e

e l e cted i n b a t c hes w i t h t h e s am e p r o p osers and

seconders.

Although there was no Club House avai4ble until December, i 88y, the

T HE R h N D

CL U B

Club was regarded as having been founded i n

O c t o ber , r 8 8y .

when its silver j u b i lee was celebrated, t h er e w er e w el l

In r 9 » ,

o v e r a h u n dred

members who had known the frrst Club H o use, but the date frxed for the a nniversarv was O c t o be r 2 g . A l l t h e a n n i v ersary c elebrations o f t h e Club have been held at the end of' October and the annual reports have

always been for twelve months ending on September go. At t h e C o m m i t t ee m e e ting on O c t o b e r y ,

Ca p t a in C . D . H ay w a s

appointed Secretary at a salary of Xr o a month w ith free board and lodgirrrr, and it was resolved that " p e nding the opening of the C lu b all b usiness of

the Cfrrb to be carried out bv him under the inst:ructions of the Committee", It was also resolved that a letter b e

d r afted to th e C l u b and K x cfrarrge

Company Ltd, offering to lease their b u i l ding on the basis of yg per cent: of' subscriptions and a purclrase of shares in the Company. T h e C o m m i ttee

deciderl to advertise in the local papers "calling for tenders to Farm the Club". The frrst " general meeting of members of the Rand Club " O ctober ry ,

hvas held on

r 8 8 y . T h e r e w ere only t w e lve members present: D r . T .

J.

L awrerrce (in t h e C h ai r) , Dr. Sauer, Messrs. Kingsmill, C. M . N o r ris, H. I.cl.steirr, A. W . M a cfntvve, A. Bailie, A. H . K i ngsley, Charles Cowen, M arks, W .

H , M o r t o n an d T . J . Britt en .

T h e C h a i rman i n formed the

members that the Comm ittee had appointed Captain C. D. Hah, Secretary

to the Club .Committee; l3r. Lawrence, Chairman and Trustee; and H. Bettelheim, Honorary Treasurer.

( D r . L a w r ence had bought some grounrl

in Johannesburg at the frrst sale of stands and was in practice in tire camp, but his name soon disappeared from th e C lub r ecords and presurnablv he left the district.

)

The proposed rules for th e Club w er e placed before the general meeti ng and two amendments were made.

O n e a l l owed th e C o m m i t tee " t o

invite distinguished visitors free of' charge", and the other laid down that "no residentnon-member be p to be a guest more than once in a week" .

ermi tted

The Rules and Regulations of the Rand Club daterl November r , w ere printed at T h e D i g gers' N ew s P r i n t ing W o r ks .

r 887,

T he n u m ber of

members was left to the rliscretion of the Committee of' Management with ra

F o u i%D IN G

T H E c i.u 8

the proviso that "when they consider that su%cient members have been admitted they shall call a m eeting to decide vvhether it i s desirable to admit more" .

Me m b ers vvere admitted by ballot by the Committee of

Management, one black ball in five to exclude. T h e entrance fee vvas five guineas. T h e s ubscription for m e mbers residing in Johannesburg and vvithin 2g miles thereof vvas one guinea a month. Country members in South Africa paid a subscription of t hree guineas a year; and country members out of South Africa one guinea per annum; and in both cases m embers using the Club for p eriods exceeding fourteen days at a t i m e vvere to pav one guinea per month. Rule lV declared: " No person vvill be qualified as a Member of t h e Club unless he shall have acquired from the Club and Exchange Company direct ten shares of X,i each nominal value."

Rule Xll laid down: T h e a8airs of the Club shall be conducted by a Managing Committee of te n

m e mbers, seven ol' vvhom shall be share-

holders in the Johannesburg Club Company jLimited')." ln later years this vvording gave rise to the

impre ssionthat there ivere

tvva companies concerned in the launching of the Club.

B u t t h ere divas

clearly only one company, for the Minutes of a meeting of the Club Comm ittee on A ugust y,

i 8 8 8 , r e a d : "VA'th reference to the nominations

received of candidates for election to the net

C o m m i ttee, the Secretary

vvas instructed to place a notice on the Notice Board drawing attention to the provisions of Rule Xll providing that at least seven members of the Club Committee must be sharehoklers in the Club and Exchange Com-

pany Limited." Many years afterwards Mr. Vf. Stavt, one of the Foundation members, said that vvhen the first Club H ouse vvas erected some of the members

amused themselves bi digging up the sandy floor of one room to make a "cellar" fo r the drinks, and that " Colonel Boys" vvas the 6rst caterer in the bar and dining-room. T h ere is nothing in the Club records to support this story; but possibly some of the early members may have used part of the premises before the Club took formal possession. According to the Club's minute books there was a Committee meeting on October i y ,

i 8 8 y , ivhen applications "for the position of farming the

T H E R A N D c t. u B

Rand Club were considered from Messrs. %V. F. Phillips (Grahamstowm) and W. R. Morrison and E. Hocking of the Port Elizabeth Qub". l t w as unanimously resolved that the tender of Mr . H o c king be accepted. At the same meeting it was decided that " t vro boxes be secured from

the Postmaster for the use of members". This was a very useful provision in the Johannesburg of those days, for all letters had to be collected at the post once and surging crowds stood outside ~ i t i ng for the natnes of addressees to be called out.

O n A u gust g, t 8 89, Th e Starsaid that there

w ere to,ooo unclaimed letters, no fewer than t3 o being directed to the great family of Smith. V f h e n P resident Kruger was asked to provide for the delivery of letters, he wa s reported to have shrugged his shoulders and opined that "the Johannesburg people would want him to read their l etters next" .

H o u se delivery was not begun until November, t 8 9 6 .

ln readiness f' or the opening of the Club House, it it s

d ecided to order

periodicals from Juta and Co. of Cape Town; and as the nucleus of a library the Committee resolved to purchase a map of South Africa, an atlas„ lYhittaktr's Almanack, Ruff's Guide to the Turf, Hart's Army List, the Navy List, and Dr hrett's Peerapr.. M r . H . Ec k s tein was entrusted with t he task o f

o r d ering stationery, rubber stamps, and c overs fo r t h e

periodicaLs. The payment of e ntrance fees and subscriptions seems to have been s ufhcient for immediate needs, for the r ule that candidates had to b uy t en shares in the Club Company was suspended in i 8 88 . t 888, a

c h eque for k g oo was drawn and handed to

O n Januarv 8, "Mr . I V o o llan,

Secretary Club and Exchange Coy". The Club and Exchange Company had promised that the Club House would be ready on December t, s88y, though as a matter of fact the members did not get occupation until about the toth of the month. But a meeting of the Committee was held on November 3o, at w hich a large number of candidates were proposed and seconded by A. C . Bailie and H. Bettelheim and duly elected. I t w a s also resolved that H. B. M arshall's name "be transferred from the elected list to that of Foundation Members". At another Committee meeting on December t g i t

w as resolved " that

those gentlemen on the original list who had not complied with the condilz

F OUN D I N G

THE CLUB

t ions set forth in t h e C i r c u lar of O c t ober 2 y b e i n f orIned that t hey w i l l h ave to be balloted for i n t h e usual manner" . At a Committee meeting on DeceInber go, I 8 8 y , it w a s stated that the

names of Messrs. E. Stanford, Julius Jeppe, H. ]. Morkel, T. Y. Shenvell and J. A. Cilliers were found to have been omitted from the copy of the original l ist o f

F o u ndation M e mbers and t h ei r n ames w ere accordingly

added to t hat l ist " b u t i t w a s unanimouslv resolved that the l i st should not be interfered vvith again by the addition of o t her names" . T he pioneers of t h e

R an d f o r med a c o smopolitan community .

M en

from the other South Af r i can states and newcomers from oversea mingled vvith the older population wh o haII been in th e T r ansvaal before the pro-

clamation of the goldfield, but no distinctions were made in the founding of the C lub w h ich has never taken any part i n

p o l i t ics, even if at: times

the majoritv o f

t h e m e m b ers have belonged t o o n e g r oup o r a n o t h er.

I ndeed, one o f

t h e m os t a c t i v e F oundation M e m bers was Captain v o n

Brandis, who had been t aken from

t h e State A r t i l l ery t o b e t h e S pecial

Landdrost of Johannesburg, and was beloved by all sections in the camp. After the I 8 9 9 - I 9 o a w ar ,

L o r d M i l ner appointed him Registrar of B i r t hs

and Deaths in Johannesburg. EIOH', the G o vernment FrikkIe Elof ,

A n o ther Foundation Member was]an

M i m n g C o I n missioner, w ho was a

b r o ther o f

w h o m a r r ied President Kruger's daughter.

T he names of som e o f

t h o se wh o l i k e C e c i l R h o des ha d a g reed t o

join the C lub w hen i t w a s first mooted, did no t appear on the I 8 8 7 l i st,

or on the list of Foundation Members. Apparently

to absence, or obeying

s ome other r eason, t he y d i d n o t f o r m a ll y b e c oIne Inembers u n ti l t h e Club House had been opened. I n

a l e t te r t o t h e Cl ub i n I 9 3 o , S ir A b e

Bailey said he had been a member since Apr il ,

I 8 8 y ; b u t i n t h e e l ection

lists his name is entered as having been elected on January I +, I888. According t o t h e C l u b ' s s ubscription b oo k t h e F o undation M e m b ers wel e:

Captain J. Anderson, J. H. Abel. G. H. Barber, T. J. Bri t ten, L . G . B r a i t h w aite, Capt. V o n B r a ndis, H. M. Barber, A. C . Bailie, R. F. Bertram, F. H. Barber, Alfred Beit, Henry Bettelheim.

C. Cowen D r. D .

H. L. Cu l t ev, J. A. C l l l l ef s.

P . D u i rs.

J. EloA; F. A. English, H, Eckstein. F. Faulkner, A .

W . F r a n c is, W . P . F r a ser.

J. H. Grieve, S. B. J. Guthrie, Thomas Glen. J. Hatnilton, J. S. Harrison,

Thomson Henderson, E dward H ancock, Carl Hanau.

Carl Jeppe, J. C. ]uta, Capt. H. F. C. ] o hnston, G. A. Jones, ]ulius

Jeppe. A. H. Kingsley, E. J. Koch, Kingsmill. Dr. T .

J . L a w r ence.

H, B. Marshall, Capt. J. G. Maynard, Dr. G . J . M . M e l le, M arks, ]. Morkel, A. W . M aclntyre.

D r. N o r man Maclean, H . W. H.

N o r ton, S. C . N o r r i s.

]. C. Rimer, R. G . A . A.

R i mer, P. D . Ross,J. 8. Robinson.

S t anton, D r . H a n s Sauer, D r . A . S c h u l u , E , S t anford , T , Y .

Shervvel I. J. N. de Viliiers, W. A . Vovsey. H. Wright, Percy Whitehead, S. J . Wilks, 8 . M . Woluter.

W o o llan, F. M ,

The first Club House The members of the Rand Club had p 4nned to take possession of their Club H ouse on December r , r 8 8 p . Evidently the building was not ready, for a t a C o m m ittee meeting on December y the Secretary was instructed to write to the C lub and Exchange Companv "w ith a view to th e C lub taking over the premises on Saturday next". The Club House, like all the o ther bu i l dings in " t h e ca m p" a t t h a t time, was a single-storey structure.

I t divas built of brick and iron, and

contained a bar, a dining-room, a billiard room and four small roonrs for

reading and playing cards. The premises were lighted by oil lamps, the sanitary arrangements were primitive and the earth closets vvere a constant source of complaints. Th e water supply was drawn from tanks, but later

the Waterworks Company laid pipes into the town, though the supply was for a long time weak and uncertain. The entrance to the Club House was diagonally opposite what is to-day the Union-Castle corner, upon which there was then Curtis and Co.'s

outfitters' shop managed by Charles Heart, who subsequently opened a business of his own in a shop in the Rand Club building. In later years Mr .

C ato M i l ler, w h o j o ined the Cl u b i n M a y , r 8 8 8 ,

remembered that the bar was just inside the entrance and that the barman was an I ndian known as " T e m p e" .

The f a v ourite beverage was

whisky served from a squat black bottle labelled "The Smuggler Brand", which, despite its name, was a very good whisky indeed. The bar was too near the street to be properly controlled, and was soon moved into the interior of the premises. Many of the members had bedrooms in an iron

bui44ng opposite the Fox Street side of the Club House, and most uncomfortable thev were. From its inception the Rand Club was sited in the very heart of the

T HE

town.

RA ND

C L U $$

O p p osite its Commissioner Street front stood Bussey's Buildings

in which the coaching companies had their olfices, and the coaches arrived and departed in view of the members. There was no stabling at the Club House but just beyond the Fox Street front were Schoen's livery stables,

o8'ering ample accommodation for horses and vehicles. Facing the Loveday Street entrance was a long row of wood-and-iron offices called Union

Buildings in which a good many of the members carried on their business. Union Buildings were pulled down in $893 to make room for a block of shops and o%ces called Aegis House, which still later vvas razed for the site of the present $go-foot skyscraper bearing the same name. Next door to the Club House in Commissioner Street was Marais Court in which for many years there ivere shops and offices.

M a r ais Court

v anished in $927 to m ake room for a seven-storey office block for t h e

St. Andrew's Building Society, which later became known as Century Building. A large proportion of the members of the Club were stockbrokers and helped to form the first Stock Exchange, which was housed in a singlestorey structure built by one of B. M. WVoollan's conipanies at the corner of Cornniissioner and Simmonils Streets and was opened on January $6, $888.

In those davs the brokers and their clerks often met their clients in the roadways outside the

E x change, while t h e e a rly auction sales w e re

advertised as being held "on Exchange Corner" .

T h e streets became so

thronged ~ith people waiting to hear the share-market prices that the Sanitary Board placed a policeinan on duty t o m ove on the crowds. O n September $6, $889, the M i ning Commissioner gave permission for the closing of Simmonds Street at both the Commissioner Street and Market Square ends. Posts and chains were erected and the enclosed space became known the world over as " B etween the Chains" and figured in nearly

all the photographs of early Johannesburg. The Iirst Stock Exchange building did not last long. Mainly through the activity of Barney Barnato, a large two-storey building xvith shops and offices on the street level was erected on practically the same site and divas used until $9oy, when the present Stock Exchange in Holiard Street $6

Y HK F l R S' r C L U B H O U SE

was built. In the following year the posts and chains in Simmonds Street were removed to give more room for traf6c, and "Between the Chains"

became only a memory. The members of the Rand Club who used the 6rst little Club H ouse

were young and energetic and organized all kinds of sports and games on the large expanse of vacant ground that lay to the south of the building.

Mr. R. G. Rimer had brought the 6rst polo stick to the Rand from Barberton, and thegarne became very popular among the members. They invited the polo team of the Inniskilling Dragoons, stationed in Natal, to visit the Rand as the guests of the Club; and "Dick" R imer and "Tommy" B ritten went out along the N atal road to guide the visitors in.

Some

thirty members of the Club had assembled in the bar — among them Cato Miller — to welcome the arrnv team, when Rimer rushed in with a l ong

face and said "We are all ruined!" H e

explained breathlessly that the

Inniskillings had come up with ten men and a dozen ponies and a swarm of grooms and servants, and said that with f orage at famine prices the expense of the visit would be far greater than anvbody had anticipated. Nothing more was said, but a member produced a hat and took it round and Rimer went out with something over Kzoo and a smihng face, assured that his 6nancial dif6culties had been overcome.

Polo on the Rand in the early days was played on very hard ground and accidents vvere not uncommon.

I n Apr i l , i8 97 , th e r e w as a c o ! I !sion

between Godfray Lys and "Bobbie" Kuranda, both members of the Club, in which th e former vvas thrown heavily and so badly injured that he was

never able to play again. The members vvere a!wa>s ready to take part i n any game arranged for a good cause. I n t h e w i n te r m o n ths of r 88 8 t h ere was an effort t o r a i se

money to provide "the Camp" with a hospital, and a rugby football match was played between the doctors and well-known old footballers (the Crocks) to help the fund. I t t o o k p lace on open ground below the Wanderers, probably on the lovver portion of present King George Street, though in t h ose days there was no rai!way cutt i ng, no b r i dge, no h o uses and no streets, but m erely a l ong stretch of bare veld .

T h e m e m b ers of

the Rand Club made up most of the teams, in which 6gured Dr. "Tommv"

THE

RAN D

C L UB

Froude, Dr. George Murray, Dr. Leigh Hunt, Mr. C. A . C . E. P. Solomon, Mr . B . M ,

Bain, Mr.

% ' oollan, Mr . L l ewellyn Anderson, Mr. Fred

Liddle and other prominent pioneers of the gold6eld. All Johannesburg surrounded the plai~ g 6 eld, and the game must have been strenuous for E. P. Solomon, who was apt to be choleric and explosive, wanted to have an interval in which to 6ght Dr. Leigh Hunt who had struck him accidentallv. Some of the members of the Club were also activelv associated with the developnient of the famous Wanderers grounds. In the 6rst year, alter the marking out of

t h e ' v i l lage of stands", its people asked President H e a g reed, and told the

Kruger to provide thein with a playing f ield.

Mining Commissioner, Mr . Jan EIOB (a member of the Club), to mark off an area goo yards by 4.oo yards on the northern slope of the hill in such a wav that "it shall not be nearer the surveved tovvn than the breadth of a block of stands". T h e open space thus set aside was 6rst known as "Kruger's Park" . I n A u gust, x888, C . L l e wellvn Anderson (a member of the Club) was one of the four men vvho drew up the prospectus for the launching of the Wanderers Club. A 99-vears lease of part of "Kruger's Park" was obtained, and svhen money was raised for the laying out of the grounds and the buikling of a pavilion many of the members of the Rand Club took up debentures in the nevv venture. The ground was used for the visit of the i 8 88 — i889 English cricket team captained bv Aubrev

(" Razor" ) Smith, who liked Johannesburg so much that he staved on as a stockbroker and was a familiar 6gure in th e Club until A p r i l , i89o, when the depression sent him back to E ngland. Later he m igrated to America and became a noted 61m actor. Although the first Rand Club House was very small and crowded, its administration was carefullv planned. But the members had onlv been in the C lub House for two o r t hree weeks when complaints began to be made about the inadequacv Qf

accommodationitOAered, As early as January 7, i 8 88, a special general meeting of members divas convened for the purpose of considering some of the rules and also "the advisability of altering the Club premises". to the Chair. i8

C a ptain Anderson was voted

THE

f l R S T C L U B H o u sK

Members had up to that time been elected bv ballot by the Committee; now on the motion of Mr. Britten, seconded by Dr. D u irs, it was unanimously resolved to abolish the system and have a m embers".

"general ballot by

O n t h e m o tion of C apt. M aynard, seconded by Mr . A b e l ,

it was decided that one black ball out of e very 6 ftecn votes recorded

should exclude— not fewer than fifteen to vote. p r o posed bv Mr.J. B. Tavlor,

The Minutes of the meeting continued:

seconded by Dr . Sauer, that a C o mmittee be appointed to confer with the Club C o mpany and ascertain what

arrange m ents can be made for

i ncreased accommodation and r eport t o a

g e neral meeting to b e h e l d

Saturday evening next, the committee to consist of Messrs. Barber, Britten, Kingsley, D r .

L aw r e n ce, C a p t.

An d e r son a nd t h e mo v e r .

Car r i e d

unanimously. " There is no record of a Saturdav meeting as proposed, but there was a nother special general meeting on February 9, recorded that " M r .

t 8 8 8 , a t w h ich i t w a s

B r i tten p r o p osed, seconded by D r . S a uer, t h at t h e

Club Company be approached with a view to i ncreasing or altering the Club premises and that the Committee be empowered to carry out this resolution". Doubtless there were negotiations with the Club Companv, though in the records of the Club there is nothing to show wvhat was proposed or oH'ered. In the meantime, on February 2 ~, the Committee received a letter from Mr. Fraser offering to sell Stand r88 adjoining the Club premises in Fax Street, but n o action was recorded.

{ T h e Stand was eventually bought

by the Club in ~8gg.) The overcrowding of the Club House continued, and at a special general meeting in March, t 888, it was proposed that "pending the enlargement of the Club premises the number of resident members be limited to two hundred". T h i s divas lost; but an amendment was carried that after two hundred members had been elected the entrance fee should be raised to twenty guineas.

At the end of June, ~888, Capt. Hay resigned his position as Secretary, and Mr. J. H. Kennedv was elected in his place. Mr. Kennedy, who was described by The Star as "a jovia'l Irishman", had been Master of the lp

T HE

R hN D

CLUB

High Court of Griqualand %'est, and had migrated to the Rand. According to the paragraph in The Starhe was "thoroughly in the swim in the local commercial world and secretary of companies innumerable". Attempts w'ere made to improve the Club House, and in August, i 888, Mr. Hocking, the caterer, sent the Committee an account for expenditure

Qn "gravel for yard and making underground cellar" . H e w as told to send the bill to the Club and Exchange Companv. The Committee did, however, authorize expenditure on "perforated zinc forthe bar-room for

the purpose of cooling hquors". Some of the members were not satisfied with the running of the Club, and taking advantage of one of the rules Dr. Hans Sauer got up a petition, which ivas signed by more than twenty-five members, asking that a special

general meeting be called "to discuss the subjects of (i) sanitary arrangements, (z) increasedaccommodation, (g) general management". The meeting was held on August p, i 888, and the names of fiftv-three members were recorded as present. A s

th e signatory at the head of the

petition, Dr . Sauer was called upon to address the meeting. attention to th e

He drew

e x isting sub-committees, mentioning in p a rticular the

~i n c Committee, the three members constituting vvhich were all abroad, while as regards some of the other sub-committees members had been away for long periods. H e also complained of the entire want of sanitary s and the deficiency of accommodation in the billiard room

arrang em ent;

and cardand reading rooms. He wound up by proposing that the whole Managing Committee be asked to resign "owing to want of diligence in attending to their several duties".

D r . M e l l e seconded the resolution.

Df, l.awrence,the Chairman of the Club, defended the Managing Committee and showed that the places of absentee members had been filled bv a recent election. Dr. bauer's resolution was eventually defeated bv seventeen votes to twelve, so apparently more than half the members present did not vote or had left the meeting before the vote was taken. The Managing Committee then announced its resignation en $1 0c an,d Dr, M elle was voted t o the Chair but r e fused to accept the position Dr. Lawrence then resumed the Chair and said that the w h ole Com20

T HE F I R S T C L u u H a u s u

mittee would continue in once pending the election of their successors. Other business was then dealt with and according to the Minutes of the meeting: "After much discussion Mr. S t royan proposed that a subcommittee consisting of fjve members be formed to go into the matter of the necessity of increasing accommodation generally and arrange for an interview with the directors of the Club and Exchange Company Ltd. and to report the result at a further meeting, such sub-committee to consist of Messrs. Mosenthal, Churchill, Nourse, Hay and the mover." "put and carried".

T h i s was

T he meeting continued to overhaul the amenities of the Club.

It was

decided to Fit an electric bell between the card room and the bar, and a

complaint of the quality of the jam supplied by the Steward was referred ta the new House Committee. 4Vith the electian of a ne t

M a naging Committee at the end of x&88,

Dr. Hans Sauer became Chairman. Dr. Lawrence daes notappear to have taken any further part in the administration of the Club and the 189o list of members did not cantain his name. On September s,

t 8 8 8 , a s pecial general meeting was held at vvhich

anly seventeen members were present. M r . Chair. T h e

H . E ckstein was voted to the

r eport of the sub-committee appointed at a previous meeting

to interview the directors of the Club and Exchange Company vvas presented.

(The terms of the r eport were nat r ecorded in the M i nutes.') Finally it was resolved: "That the report af the sub-committee be adopted and that they be empowered to make the aS'er contained in their report to the directors of the Club and Exchange Company Ltd. and report the result of their interview at a f urther meeting as soon as de6nite proposals can be submitted for the proposed purchase of the present Club premises." On September s2, ~ 8 88, the Secretary of the Club wrote to the C l ub and Exchange Company making an offerof Lp,ooo for the premises. The

Club Company refused the oH'er but said that a proposal for rebuihling and enlarging the Club House would be submitted. By this time, however, there was a growing feeling among the members that the ow nership of th e C lu b H ouse by an outside company was unsatisfactory and thar. the Club ought to b e h oused in its awn b uilding. Xl

T HE R A N D C L u I

The obstacle xvas financial, and that xvas overcome in an u nexpected way bv wliat xvas known as the famous Rand Club Loall issue. On October g ,

i 8 8 8 , M r . G u stav Goldstein, a well -k noxvn meinber of

t he Club. xvrote t o

t h e C o m m i t te e o u t l i n ing a s c heme b v w h i c h t h e

money needed could be raised in a novel manner.

H e o A e red to p r o vi«le

the sum of X2o,ooo in exchange for an equal number of 6 i shares carrying no interest charge on the Club.

H e s t i p ulated, howexer, that these shares

shoul«l be redeemed by annual dr awings xvhenever th ere w as an actual s urplus oxer e x p enditure, t h e

C o m m i t tee o f t h e C l u b b e i n g t l i e s o l e

judge as to xvhether such a surplus existed.

T h e m e t ho d o f r e d einption

xvas to be on th e l i nes oF premium bonds — a Li share had the chance of drawing a ki , ooo p r ize or a lesser one, but could never «lraxv less than ki. Mr. G o l dstein's scheme xvas placed before a n meeting of the m e mbers on October i n the Chair.

i7 , i8 8 8 , x vhen Dr. L a xvrence was

M r . N o u r se propose«1, secon«led by Dr. Sauer: " T h a t t h i s

meeting authorizes the F inance Com i n i t tee t o w ith Mr .

e x t r a or«linarv general

m ak e f i nal a r rangements

G o l d stein fo r t h e acceptance of his scheme as set forth i n h i s

letter d ated O c t o be r y , i 8 8 8 , p r o x ided t h e c o n t ract s h al l d i s t inctlv stipulate that the p r o pertv of th e C l u b shall alone be liable to e x cussion f or the debt t o b e i n c u r red, and t hat t h ere shall be n o l i a b i l itv o f a n y kind upon any o f such debt. "

t h e m e n i bers of t h i s C l u b i n «lividuallv i n r e spect of

T h i s m o t i o n was carried by t h i r t x -three votes to t h i r teen,

T he folloxving c onsequential resolutions xvere then

m o ve d f r o m t h e

Chair and adopted: ('i) That

t h i s m e e t ing appoints M e ssrs. James Durham and James Hay to be t r ustees to hold the p roperty to be acquired on behalf o f this C lu b an«1 to pass the necessary deeds of' security for t h e p urchase money and generallv t o

a c t i n b e h alf o f t h e C l u b i n

regard to al l m atters afkct ing such propertx in c o n junction xvith t he Commi t tee of th e C l u b . (z) That this meeting authorize the Committee to make and passsuch additional rules as mav be necessarv to carrv into eA'ect the foregoing resolutions. O n November z o , i 8 8 8 , t h e H o n o r arv T r easurer r e p orted t hat t h e

T HE i ' i R S T C L U B H O u s K

sum of ki o , ooo had been placed in th e Bank of A f rica bv M r . to the credit of t h e R and Club A ccount 'A~o. t .

G o l dstein

In his book Ex-AJiica, Dr. H a ns Sauer gave his recollection of t he Rand C lub Loan issue.

A f t e r e x p laining M r . G o l d stein's plan, he w r o t e : " A

drawing took p l ace w i t h i n

t h e fi rs t y ea r an d divas a great success, Carl

Hanau winning three of the biggest prizes in the barrel. third years were no t s o

T h e second and

p r o sperous fo r t h e C l u b and n o d r a w ing t o ok

p lace with th e r e sult t h at t h e shares gradually sagged from 3 o 5 t o Herman Eckstein and I f o r med the fi nancial committee of th e C l ub , and taking advantage of this fall in the p r ic e of th e shares we bought most of them in for t h e C l u b .

A s t h e p u r chase of' its own shares by a compan~

is quite illegal in E nglish Iaw, from t i m e t o

t i m e w e h el d a meeting and

after Jim Kennedy, the Secretary, had made an accurate record of the shares bought we solemnly burnt them. By this procedure we wiped out t he Club's i n debtedness for a

c o m p arativelv small su m o f i n o n ey . It

w ould have cost th e C l u b about 6 6 g , ooo t o e x t i nguish the debt b y t h e drawing method. T h e o n l v advantage resulting from the system of draivings was that they w er e no t c o mpulsory and could have been prolonged over an indefinite period of t i n e . T h e f act t hat no further drawings took p lace preyed on G o ldstein's niincl and after enduring it f o r vears he collapsed and died."

two o r t hree

The Club records do not bear out all D r . Sauer's story.

T h e f i rst draw-

ing under Mr. Goldstein's scheme took place on Julv i y, i 889, an ainount of L,2,996 ros. being handled. T h ere was a second drawing on January i9, i 89o, the amount o n t hat occasion being Xg,ooo. M o r e o ver, M r . G o l d stein was co-opted a member of the Finance Committee of the C l ub, and

when in June, i 889, Hans Sauer and D. J. Pullinger lent the Club X8,0oo for a p e r iod o f

fi v e y e ars, M r . G o l d stein wa s authorized to b u y R a n d

Club Loan Issue on behalf of the Club up t o t hat amount . died in

M r . G o l d stein

i 8 9 i , a n d t h e r e i s n o t hing t o s uggest that hi s h ealth had been

affected by th e h andling of' his loan issue scheme. A t a g e n eral meeting of' the Club o n D e c ember i, i 8 9 i , t h e C h a i r inan (M r . J. H. Abel) is recorded as having " f e elingly referred t o t h e death of M r . G u stav Golds tein whose loss would be much felt b y th e Finance Committee" ,

THE

F I R S T C L U E H O U SE

sum of k2o,coo had been placed in the Bank of Africa by Mr .

G o ldstein

t o the credit of the Rand Club Account No. 2 .

In his book Ex-AJ'rica, Dr. Hans Sauer gave his recollection of the Rand C lub Loan Issue. A f ter explaining Mr. G oldstein's plan, he «vrote: " A dra«ving took place within the first vear and was a great success, Carl Hanau «vinning three of the biggest prizes in the barrel.

T h e second and

third years were not so prosperous for the C lub and no drawing took place «vith the result that the shares graduall«sagged from 3og t o g g. Herman Eckstein and I formed the 6nancial committee of the Club, and taking advantage of this f'all in the price of the shares «ve bought most of them in f'o r the Club.

A s t he purchase of' its o«vn sharesby a compan«'

is quite illegal in English Ia«v, from t i m e t o

t i m e w e h el d a m eeting and

after Jim Kennedy, the Secretary, had made an accurate record of the shares bought we solemnly burnt th em . the Club's i n d ebtedness for a

B v t h i s procetlure we «viped out

c o m p aratively small su m o f m o n ey . It

« vould have cost th e C l u b about k 6 y , ooo t o e x t i nguish the d ebt b y t h e drawing method.

T h e o n l v advantage resulting from the system of dra«v-

ings «vas that thev «vere not compulsorv and could have been prolonged over an indefinite period of' time.

T h e f act that no further drawings took

place preyed on G o l dstein's mind and after enduring it f o r

t «vo or t h r ee

vears he collapsed and die(l." The Club records do not bear out all D r . Sauer's stor«.

T h e 6 rst draw-

ing under Mr. Goldstein's scheme took place on July i7, i 8 8 9 , an amount of Xz,996 i os. being handled. There was a second dra«ving on January i 89o, the amount o n t hat occasion being $3,ooo. M o r e o v er, M r . G o l d stein was co-opted a member of the Finance Committee of the C l ub, and

when in June, i 8 89 , Hans Sauer and D. J. Pullinger lent the Club K8,0oo for a p e r io d o f

6 v e y e ars, M r . G o l d stein «vas authorized t o b u y R a nd

Club Loan Issue on behalf of the Club up t o t hat ainount . died in

M r . G o l d stein

i8 9 i , an d t h e r e i s n o t h ing t o s u ggest that his h e alth h ad b een

affected by the handling of his loan issue scheme. At a general meeting o f the Club on D e cember i , i 8 9 i , t h e C h airman (M r . J. H. Abel) is recorded as having "feelingly referred to the death of Mr. Gustav Goldstein whose loss «vould be much felt bv the Finance Committee".

T HE

RAN D

C LU B

It i s diI6cult to t r a ce the subsequent history of t h e " L o a n I ssue".

At

the annual meeting of i 89i, M r . j a m es Hay stated that "n o r e s ponsibility r ested on i n embers, as l o t t er y t i c ket h o l ders w o ul d h ave t o t a k e t h e i r c hance of future drawings out o f surplus revenue" . Four years later i t b een reached wit h

w a s n o ted i n t h e M i n u tes that an arrangement harl t h e h o l d ers of shares then o u t standing fo r t h e s u r -

render of t h eir shares at par, t h e C lub b y t h a t t i m e having negotiated a bank loan of X,3o,ooo. I n A u gust, r 89y, this chapter of the Club's financial history ended with a Comm i t tee resolution that the Loan Issue tickets still i n the dr ums be taken out and destroyed and the d rums sent to f or sale.

Curne's

H a p pily fo r a n t iquarians the second part of th e i n struction w as

n ot carried out .

T h e d r u m s may still be seen in th e Secretary's of f i c a t

the Rand C l ub. A fter th e acceptance of M r . G o l d stein's plan fo r r a i sing m o n ey, t h e Club Committee vvent boldly ahead vvith preparations for obtaining a new Club House.

I n N o v e m ber , i 8 8 8 , t hey o ff ered th e C lub and E x change

C ompany L8,ooo fo r t h e p r e m ises they occupied, and th e a m o unt w a s accepted. T h e Secretary vvas instructed to call for t enders for the accomm odation of m e mbers " d u r i n g an i n t e r regnum o f Five or si x N o t enders were r e ceived, bu t

m o nths" .

M r . H o c k i n g w h o " f a r m ed " t h e C l u b

s ubmitted p r oposals for b u i l d ing p r emises at h i s o w n e x p ense fo r t h e

temporary use of the Club members. H i s o ffer was accepted, and he put up what Dr. Sauer called "a bungalow-like" building which subsequently b ecame th e

w e l l - k novrn G o l dfrelds H o t el , w h i c h w a s n o t able

because no women residents were allowed in it .

I n Th e Staro f A p r il z 6 ,

r 88y, there was printed an ar ticle on j o h annesburg, wr i t ten b y a

Cape

Town v i sitor , w h o n o t e d t h a t " t h e C l u b " w a s i n t e m p orary p r e m ises while a big Club House was being built and that it provided for one hundred and seventy diners a day and that the Committee had had "t o r ul e that no more than five honorary visiting members could be allowed in any one week" . Some of the members suggested that there should be no shops for rental in th e ne t

Cl u b H o u se, bu t t h e C o m m i t tee decided that t h e Financial

s acrilrce mould be too g r eat. room fo r

s t ables".

T h e y also told m embers that " t h er e i s n o

Second Club House in ' The Xineries".

Loveday Srreer in "The Xineties" — Rand Club on righr.

Bronze — Cecil John Rhodes.

T HE F I R S T C L U E H D u s E

At a general meeting on March 6,

I 8 8 9 , t h e Committee was authorized

to accept the tender of K I 7 , gz9 submitted by Messrs. Royce and Cullinan "or f ailing that anv ot her suitable one that mav oHer, and t hen p roceed

with the building of' the proposed new premises as soon thereafter as possible". T he contract w it h R o yce and Cullinan was signed on M arch 2 g . T he a rchitects for t h e n e v v C l u b H o use w er e A . H. Re i d a n d M c C o w at . W'. Stapleton Royce had come out t o t h e C ape Government Raihvays in I 88o but he l eft t h e service and started as a builder.

H e m o ved to the

Rand in I888 and joined with Thomas Major Cullinan, who had also come f rom England to j oi n t h e Cape Railways and left the service to e nter t h e

building trade, and arrived on the Rand when twenty-five years of age. Their firm built the old Standard Bank opposite Exploration Buildings in Commissioner Street, an d t h e C ape o f G o o d H o p e B ank at t h e c o r n er

of Fox and Simmonds Streets, and had contracts for building the raibvay f rom Johannesburg t o England. H e

P r e t oria . Ro y c e m a d e a f o r t une and r e t i red t o

b o u ght an estate in l i n c o l nshire, and became a Inember of

the House of Commons.

H e d ied in I p i 9 .

C u l l i n an, who had built some

of the first double-storey houses in Johannesburgfor Richard Goldinann, r emained on th e R and and i n l a ter y ears was one of t h e m o v ers in t h e opening of th e

P r e m ie r D i a mond M i ne , f r o m w h i c h c ame th e C u l l inan

d iamond bought b y

t h e T r a nsvaal Government fo r p r e sentation t o t h e

King and cut for the Crown jeweb. He was Parliament.

lightedand sat in the Union

The contract for building the second Rand Club House had been given to Royce and Cullinan, but it wouM appear from the Club records that the fir m

u n d e r w ent s om e a l teration b efore t h e p r e mises were f i n ished.

C ontracts for some additional work w e r e given to " A b r e y and C o . " a n d i n O c t o ber,

I 8 8 9 , t h a t fi r m " a s ked t hat a f a i r an d r easonable t im e b e

allovved for th e c o m p l et ion of th e b u i l d ing on account of and additions and th e n o n-arrival of m aterial" . time fo r

t h e a l t erations

W V hen i nN o v e mber the

t h e c o m p l etion o f t h e b u i l d ing was considered, the M i n u tes of

the Com m it tee state that " t h e contractors (Royce and %Vise) were called in to d i scuss the matter . l n t h e f o l l ovving January the contractors were

T H E R A N D C L u ii

given as Messrs. Wise and Abrey", though the payments for the building were finally recorded as

J. McCullum, for painting, Li,39y. A bi'ey and Co., contractors, X16,8/ 6 .

The Committee of the Club had embarked upon an expensive re-building scheme in a comparatively sniall communitv and there were times when it was Financed with some

difh culty. But their confidence in the future

of the goldfield was justiFied by the more rapid development of the next few years. On June iy, i 889, the Standard Bank displayed the May output of gold which was to be sent to the Paris Exhibition. T h ere vrere, according to The Star, "26 lumps of retorted gold and about go nuggersof melted gold" of the aggregate weight of zg,zy9 ounces valued at Z8i,6go.

"The

bank premises," it was stated, "ivere literaliv besieged all day bv fascinated

spectators." Bv September the membership of the Stock Exchange had grown to over nine hundred and it was stated that "close upon goo brokers and speculators are clamouring for admission". In September, i 889, w'hile the new Club House was being erected, the Secretary of the Marshall's Tow~ hi p Syndicate wrote protesting against encroachments upon l.oveday Street and Commissioner Street by the Club building being erected thereon, and stating that unless the same be removed application ivould be made to the court to prevent the trespass continuing. The Secretarv of the Rand Club explained that in

Ap r i l t h e b u i l d i n g

line had been approved by the Chairman of the Sanitary Board, and a letter was sent to the Township Syndicate asking that permission for the

line be granted by them. In the end the Township Syndicate agreed to accept the building line on condition that the Club placed a clock in the tower of its new building.

W a s it this clock which was the subject of a

request by the Chamber of Commerce in i 889 that the Club should adjust itself to th e new "local tiine" w h ich was half an hour ahead of Post

0%ce and Railway time?

W h i le building was going on, the Club made J. H. Gosch applied for the catering in the Club on the completion of his agreement p reparations for the occupation of the new premises. M r . with the Kimberley Club.

I t w a s agreed to accept his oH'er of rental of

L,go a month for one year. His charge for board was not to exceed Kz i os.

per week, and separate meals were to be b r eakfast zs. 6d., l unch 3s. and d inner ~ . The M n i m i t tee decided to equip the new C lub House on a lavish scale. Furniture, glass, linen, carpets and cutlerv w er e ordered in

L o n don and

shipped at considerable cost, for everything had to be transported by inule wagon from Kimberley.

O n o n e consignment of furniture costing X3 6$0

in London, the dues payable between Port Elizabeth and the Club amounted

to nearly kr,zoo, and about X6go of this was for transport from Kimberlev. Well-selected wines and spirits came bv th e same means.

T h e p u r chases

in London eventually mounted up so r apidlv t hat the C o m m i t tee cabled to its agents there to l i m i t

e x penditure t o X y , g oo.

Owing to rising costs, further loans of Xy,ooo each were accepted from

Dr. Hans Sauer and Mr. D . J. Pullinger in January, i89o, on t h e same terms as the first — r o per cent per annum for a period of five years, at the expiration of which t hey w ere to r eceive a bonus of k i , o o o each in addition to the interest stipulated, The menibers of the C lub w ere not happy in M r .

H o c k i ng's temporarv

premises and there were complaints about the catering. B u t M r . H o c k i ng was faced wit h u n e x pected d ifficulties i v h ich h e c o ul d n o t o v e r come. The last quarter of i 889 on the Rand was marked by what the Camp papers

for weeks called "The Famine". T h e winter had been exceptionally drv and the early mins failed and the veld became so poor that the o x -wagon transport to the Rand fell away. Th e Camp was still nearly three hundred

miles from railhead, and as fewer and fewer wagons came in the supplv of foodstu8s decreased and prices rose rapidly. lt became difficult to feed the natives on th e m i nes and some of t h e c o m panies began to send out

foraging expeditions of their own in the hope of buving direct from the farms.

P o t atoes rose to f . g a sack and sugar to ~ . 6 d . a l b . , and mealie

m eal which usually cost k i

g s . a bag w ent u p t o k g .

The shortage became so bad that a deputation from the Chamber of Mines went t o sympathetic.

P r e t o ri a t o i n t e rview P r esident K r uger, w h o w a s m o st T h e G o v e rnment o8ered t o g ive k g ,ooo in b o nuses of Xzo

each to the first two hundred and fifty wagons that reached Johannesburg carrying 6,ooo lb. or more of provisions, This oR'er led to a race of wagons

TH E

RAND

CLUB

t o the Rand and by November t 9 t h e G o vernment had paid out all i t s xg,ooo. But on November 22 one cauliflower, "a wretched specimen",

sold on the market for ~., and on December iy a bag of onions fetched Xz 7s. T h e caterers for hotels, boarding-houses and clubs were at their wits' end to provide even the most unappetising meals.

The members of the Club left their temporary quarters at the end of Januarv, t89o. Apparently, Mr. Hocking put in a claim for rent, for at a meeting of the Club Committee on January 23, r 89o, "correspondence bearing on the lease of the temporary premises from Mr .

H o c king and

the Minutes of Conunittees thereon covering the period from October 23, t888, to July 22, x889, were read. M r .

A b el , as a member of the Lease

Committee and the Honorary Treasurer of the Club, made some remarks

on the correspondence to the eH'ect that Mr. Hocking had quite agreed in personal intervievvs with him to build and give the temporarv premises free of rental in consideration of our custom and patronage together with t he free use of the stores, furniture, etc., etc., belonging to the Club" . There were no further references to the matter in the Club records,

HI The second Club House The members of the Rand Club took possession of their second Club House on February i,

i89o.

While it was being built the name Rand Club had been cut in the stonework over the Loveday Street entrance, but before the premises were

completed the Committee ordered the lettering to be deleted. The Club House has never had an> more mark of identification than the monogram "R.C." on the glass panels of the front doors and on some parts of the front of the building. A contemporary description of the second Club House appeared in The Star in J anuary, i89o, when the premises were nearing completion. T h e paper said: "The Club buildings are without doubt the 6nest and most substantial

in Johannesburg. Standing in the centre of Commissioner Street they f orm the chief ornamental feature of that important thoroughfare.

The

area covered by the buildings is iy6 feet by i03 feet and extends along Lovedav Street into Fox Street.

T h e sty1e of architecture is Renaissance:

but the architects, Messrs. Reid and McCowat, have relieved what would otherwise be a massive aspect bv turrets and light wood and iron ivork. The principal entrance to the C lub premises ~vill be in Lovedav Street

where a noble portico has been provided. Passing through a fine vestibule the visitor Ends on his left an immense dining room ig feet by 3 o feet.

The apartment is lofty and well-lighted and is furnished as few such rooms are in South Africa. A private dining room is located hard by and there is no doubt that such a convenience ~1 1 b e greatly appreciated. O n t h e

left of the hall is the principal bar, 3o feet by 2g feet, arranged like the dining room with a panel and cove ceiling. fn the vicinitv are serving r ooms, kitchen, scullery, and the various ofFices of the establishment. T h e

secretary's room is behind the inner hall and is well appointed. Special 29

r H K R A N D C LU S

attention has been paid t o

t h e s a nitary arrangements and an e x c ellent

system of drainage has been provided. Th e bi lliard room is located in the upper floor and is g3 feet square. The table is surmounted b > ceiling centre lights, wh ile there are six casenient vvindows and two doors opening upon th e

v e randah in C o m m issioner Street .

also a reading room 36 ft .

As all these open on to th e b alcony they wil l Further t o

O n th i s f l oo r l e vel i s

by zs f t . a n d t wo c a rd r o o m s 2i f t . sq u are. n o t f ai l t o b e appreciated.

t h e r ear are t h ree bedrooms and another s i t t ing-room . T h e

arrangements for ventilation leave nothing to be desired and electric bells a re Axed in c o nvenient positions in e very roo m i n

t h e b u i l ding . T h e r e

a re shops on the ground floor , some of th e m ost i m p o r tant i n

C o m m i s-

sioner Street being already occupied bv: Messrs. Burne and Co., chemists, a nd Messrs. %'. Cherrington and Co. , outfittcrs. — are the builders."

M e s srs. Abrey and Co .

The second Rand Club House certainly greatly impressedJohannesburgers. The Star used to allude to it as "the palace". T h e V aluation Court, in i 89p, a ssessed the C lu b H o use at X 3 o ,ooo, w h il e t h e Standard Bank and t h e Corner House were only valued at k z 2 , goo each, l t vvas during th e o c cupation o f t h e s econd C l u b H o u se t hat t h e r e emerged a feature of the Rand C l u b's premises that sometimes surprises visitors — the placing of benches outside the entrance, almost on the pavement of L o veday Street. T he provision of this unusual accommodation can be traced back to t h e

practice of the most picturesque figure the Club ever had — a man who was not onlv k nown to all Johannesburg but who attracted attention even

in london, where one of the newspapers printed a photograph of' him w ith a paragraph describing him as a notable visitor from

" t h e Co lonies" ,

He was Dr. Julius Gustav Schultze, whose portrait in oils still hangs on the wall o f t h e f i r st-floor l o unge showing him i n t h e c o stume he always wore — a suit of dark navy' blue serge with k nee breeches, a waistcoat of the same colour and a cut-away coat, dark blue stockings and black shoes, a large bow t i e and a " w i d e aw ake" f el t hat w i t h a s t if f br im .

He was

usually accompanied by a black dog named "Nigger", and was known to e verybody as " T h e D o ct o r " . 30

THE

SE C O N D

c t. u S

H O U SE

Dr, Schultze had travelled over a great part of the worM and had been a friend of Lobengula in Rhodesia before he came to the Rand to join Eckstein and Co. H e l i ked to sit on the stoep of the Club House to receive

his f'riends, and a chair was placed there by a page boy. Other members followed his example, and there emerged a little group affectionately known as the Front Porch Benchers, for whom in time benches .were p laced on e i t he r s id e o f t h e m a i n e n t r ance sheltered b y t h e p o r t i c o .

>%un the second Club House was pulled down to make room for the t hird, th e ne w

e n t r ance was so c onstructed that t h e b e nches could b e

retair ed. Two new benches were presented to the Club in

l 9 0 J by Dr . Schultze

and in warm w e ather were much e njoyed by the Fron t P o rch Benchers, ~vho liked to sit and watch the traf6c or greet their f r i ends, Dr. Schultze died i n t h e C l u b i n N o v ember, t9 t i , at a r i p e o ld a ge, a nd the C o m m i t tee gave permission fo r H ouse at th e

h i s f u n eral t o l e ave th e C l u b

e n t r ance t o w h i c h h e h a d f o r m an y v e ars ivelcomed hi s

friends. The benches were destroved by th e mo b i n

t h e at tack on th e C lub i n

i 9>3, but t hey w e r e i m m ediately restored in t h eir o r i g inal form , and i f new Rand Clu b H o uses are required i n v ears to c om e on e may be sure that the oM tradition of providing front porch benches will not be broken. T he opening of' the second Club H o use divas celebrated bv a ball .

The

s ubscription w a s f i v e g u ineas and t h e C o m m i t tee agreed t o m e e t a n y

deliciency up to X2oo. One of the conditions laid down for the holding of the ball w a s t hat " s h o ul d t h e n a mes of' married l adies be submitted f or invitation w h ose husbands are no t m e m bers of t h e C l u b , t h e C o m -

mittee shall be

empo wered a t discretion to i n v ite th e gentlemen" .

The

Club House vvas beautifully decorated for the occasion, and the balconies were much appreciated by " s i t t ers ou t " . ladies vrere al lovved t o

A s i t w a s onl y v ery rarely that

c r o ss th e t h r e shold o l t h e R a n d C l u b H o u se,

invitations to th e b all w ere eagerly sought.

Probably the increased accommodation provided by the building of the second Club House saved the Club from having a serious rival, T h ere was then a marked shortage of club acconunodation in Johannesburg, and

T HE R A N D C L U x x

some speculators bought ground in what was called Church Square for the erection of a large club building. The appearance of the second Rand Club House seems to have killed the scheme. A t

any rate, on Septexnber

x 89x, The Star, i n an article on the progress of the town, wr o t e: " A

very flne building in the centre of Church Square, intendedby its promoters to be used and known as the Goldfxelds Club, as distinguished from the Rand Club, still stands a mere shell, unfinished as to its interior and likelv to be converted by the Government into stores and warehouses." To xnake The Star's p aragraph clear to t h ose not acquainted with t h e

earlv naming of Johannesburg's streets and open spaces, it should be explained that what is now known as Von Brandis Square was originaUy named Government Square, while an open space south of Fox Street was christened Church Square, doubtless because it vvas anticipated that a

church would be built upon it. But in x89g the Sanitary Board decided to honour Captain Von Brandis by re-naming Government. Square as Von Brandis Square. At th e same time Church Square, upon which there was

no prospect ofa church being built, was re-named Government Square and the "old magistrates' courts", as they vvere once called, were placed there. %'ith the occupation of its new premises, the Rand Club attained a position in the life of the town it has never lost. Fo r many years it xvas the unoflicial centre in which all ki nds of activities were planned and in

"The Club", as it was usually called, wielded a very real influence in the development of the Rand. which important visitors from oversea were entertained.

T here xvas a notable accession of members in the early i 8 9 o 's.

Men

who figured prominentlv in South African history joined the Club. Among them xvas Dr. Willem Johannes Leyds,who had come out from Holland to be State Secretar> in the Kruger Government. He was elected a Countrv Mexnber in i 8 9 i ,

b e ing proposed by E. von H oesslin and secondedby

A. Eckart Beckman. Leyds was on good terms with the Johannesburgers then and on O c tober x2 ,

i 8 9 i , a t t ended the opening of the Standard

Theatre, and at a supper on the stage after the performance made a speech in which he " p rotested against the assumption that there was any sin in

T HE S E C D N D

theatre-going".

CL U B H O U SE

A s a m atter of fact, Dr. L eyds did not resign from the

Rand Club until October 28, igoe, when he decided to remain in Europe. Another x89o member was Ewald Esselen, a Pretoria barrister, who acted as secretary to the Boer deputation led by Paul Kruger that went to London in t 8 8y .

E s selen became leader of the T ransvaal Republican

bar and thereafter a Judge ofthe Republican Supreme Court. He was made a K.C. shortly after the Anglo-Boer War and was a prominent figure a t the bar and in the Club until his death soon after World War I .

In t 89g there was elected Dr. Frans V. Engelenburg, a nephew of Mrs. Koopmans de Wet. H e edited the Volbtemand was the first designer

of the beautiful Church Square in Pretoria. Others who were elected in the t 89o's included J. W. Wessels, who joined the Transvaal bar in > 88y and defended the Reform prisoners, and after the British occupation was made a Judge of the Transvaal Division

of' the Supreme Court and was later appointed to the Appellate Division and succeeded Sir William Solotnon as Chief Justice of South Africa; J ohann Rissik, Surveyor-General in the K ruger Government; F. L . Biccard, Chief Clerk in the Mining Commissioner's once; C. K . v on Trotsenberg, Superintendent of Telegraphs; J. G. van Boeschoten, who became Mayor of Pretoria; J. W. Sauer, a M i nister in numerous Cape Governments; E.

R ooth, a w e ll-knovvn Pretoria lawyer and politician;

Mr. Justice AmesholF, Puisne Judge of the High Court, Z .A.R.; J. K limke, Government Mining Engineer; Dr. E. J. P. Jorissen, Special Judicial Commissioner in Johannesburg in i88q and later Judge of the High Court; G , T .

van Stipriaan Luiscuis, Traffic Manager of the Nether-

lands Raihvay; F. W. Beyers, a Cape lawyer who settled in the Transvaal and became Minister of M ines in the Union Government; and finally a

Judge of Appeal,C. W. H. Kohler, from the Cape, who went back there and became th e founder of th e g reat wine f armers' organization, the

K.W.V. I n the closing months of r896 a young briefless banister with a w i f e and four children, who had taken a small house at the top of Twist Street,

vvas occasionally introduced into the Club by some of the legal members, one of whom, H. L.Lindsay, gave him a brief for fifty guineas to defend

an illicit gold case, which he did successfully. In later years the briefless barrister became the only Honorary Life Member of the Rand Club. His name was Jan Christiaan Sniuts. %'ell-known men from other parts of South Africa were eager to become

members of the Rand Club. Politicians appeared to be drawn to it, and among those who joined in the early 189o's were John X. Merriman (later Premier of the Cape at the time of Union), Sir Thomas Scanlan, Arthur Douglas, M.L.A., Vf. Ross, M.L.C., Thomas Lynch, M.L.A., J. Sivewright, M.L.A., G. H . G och, M.L.A. (who became one of the early Mayors of Johannesburg), Theo Shepstone, C.M.G., Chairman of the S waziland Commission, th e H o n . John Tudhope, a prominent Cape politician who later w en t t o

L o ndon as M anaging Director of' a gold

mining group. The majority of prominent people oversea vvho visited South Africa in the closing years of the nineteenth century were entertained by the members of the Rand Club, who won a high reputation I'or hospitality even in South Africa where that virtue is so enthusiastically practised.

M. Rudolph Kahn, a famous French banker, was an early visitor and stayed with Lionel Phillips.

H e w a s a nervous man and when about to

go on a coach journey was warned that highwaymen haunted the roads.

He assured a wag seeing hiin off that he had no valuables on him. The replv "Thev take cheques" sent him off deep in misery. In June, 1891, Lord Raiidolph Churchill stayed in Johannesburg on his w ay to Rhodesia and was of'ten in the Club House. I n 1 8 9 g M r . James Bryce, a member of the British Cabinet, was a guest. Sir Henrv Loch, who was High Commissioner and Governor of the Cape from 1889 to I 89$ paid his first visit to the Rand in I 89g and was entertained at dinner

at the Club under the chairmanship of Mr. J. H. Abel. Samuel L. Clemens, betteI' kIlown by his pen naine Mark Twain, was in Johannesburg in i 896 and went to see some of the Club members when they were in Pretoria gaol as Reform prisoners. H . M . S tanley, the explorer, was a imitor to the Club in 189y, and was the subject of a curious entry in the Minutes

of the annual general meeting of that year. The entry read: "In reply to Mr. Botha, the Chairman (Mr. Buckland) stated that Mr, H. M, Stanley

T Hr! S E c o N D

c L US H o u SK

had been invited to the Club as a distinguished visitor and that in reference to the rumour mentioned by Mr . G r ahame, viz,, that Mr .

Stanley

had been discourteously treated by the Secretary, he could give an assurance that such rumour was entirelv without foundation."

Lockwood Kipling was in the Club in January, r 898, anrl in the following March his more famous son Rudyard was entertained while he was s taying in the home of a m e mber, W . T . C a m pbell, on Hospital Hill . Rudyard Kipling told his hosts at the Club that the climate of the Rand was "superb". Joseph Chamberlain, the British Colonial Secretary, was entertained in r 9o3 when he was persuaded to withdraw his objection to Lord M ilner

residing in Johannesburg — a change of mind that may have been brought about by the amenities he found at the Rand Club. M r. W . R . G r ace, from Nevv Yerk, was a frequent visitor, and in r 9 r o he presented the Club with a handsome clock for the dining-room. In later years Mr. W i nston Churchill, Admiral Sir Percv Scott, MajorGeneral )%den-Powell, Lord Curzon, Walter Long and, indeed, practically e verv distinguished visitor t o

t h e R and w er e e ntertained in th e C l u b,

while the members of important bodies like the British Association for the Advancement of Science, holding congresses in Johannesburg, were

made honorary members during their stay. In fact, from a social point of view, the Rand Club came to be regarded as almost a national institution and in the case of the Royal visits (which will be recorded later)

received the thanks of the Union Government for the hospitality offered. The second Club House had been builtin a boom year when the future of the gold industry seemed to be assured.

B u t n o sooner had it been

occupied than a slump set in. On January rz, r 8 9o, The Starnoted that n otwithstanding the t e m porary reduction o f t h e s ubscription t o f o u r guineas, "no fewer than r6 9 names were posted at the Stock Exchange of members who had failed to pay their subscriptions for the c u rrent quarter. I f

n o t paid within seven days they will cease to be members".

Happily the outlook gradually improved.

T h e M a cArthur-Forrest

cyanide process increased the recovery of gold, and in r 8 9 r t h er e w as

"the deep level strike on the Village Main Reef at g8S It.", which, as 3$

T HE R A N D C L U S

The Star remarked, "has placed the vexed question of the continuity and

increasing richness of the main reef series almost bevond dispute". Flags were flown from the Club House on July 9, i 89z, when the June gold output was declared at i o 3,>St ounces, the first time the hundred

thousand figure had been passed. Under the heading "The Century At Last", TheStar wrote that "as this edition is going to press the

mag nificent

achieveinent is being celebrated by copious libations from the flowing bowl" .

B u s iness an the Stock Exchange was suspended and the Rand

Club was the scene of much rejoicing. The approachof the railway was another cheering inHuence. On September i S, i 89a, numerous members of the Club, including Otto Beit, H. Solomon, Charles Marx and XV. H . S. Be ll, we nt dawn to P ark Station to witness the arrival of the first passenger train from Cape Toiv~, an the engine of

ivhich was Mr. (later Sir) Thomas Price, the manager of the Cape Railways. T h e j ourney, which was via Bloemfontein, had taken z d ays, iy hours, iy minutes. T h e t r ain was met by the Executive of the Chamber of Commerce headed by Mr. H . E . F .

P i storius, and "a move was made

to the Rand Club where Mr. Pistorius proposed the health of Mr. Price and his co-workers". Rail communication with th e Cape, and t hen through Pretoria with Lourenco Marques, did much to improve the primitive conditions under

which thepeople of Johannesburg had lived for six or seven years. Even a trip t o P retoria was often dangerous, for th e coaches had to cross a

drift at the J ukskei River and after heavv rain it was impassable. T w o members of the Rand Club, F. J. Dormer (editor of The Star) and H. Bettelheim, were among the eleven passengers in the coach on March i , i 89l, when it overturned in the swollen waters of the river and they had

narro w ly

to swim to the bank and escaped draining. Soaked to the skin and slightly injured, they had to remain on the veld until news of the accident reached Johannesburg and another coach was sent out to bring them in .

F o u r m ules were drowned in the torrent, B e t teiheim subse-

quently sued the proprietors of the coach for Kt 00 damages but last the case, the court holding that the mishap was an accident.

The system of "farming" the catering was responsible for many of the

T HF

S E C O N D c LU S H O u sF

worries of the Committee of Management.

M r . G o sch left at th e end of

x89x and took over the rebuilt Central Hotel . M r . F . H e r i t i er, w h o h ad come from Panama, was given the position and paid a rental of k a year.

azoo

There were, however, so many complaints that ultirmtely the Comm i t t ee broke the contract and w er e p repared to go t o a n action at l aw .

a r b i tration or t o d e f end

H er i t i e r m a y have been a p oo r c aterer bu t h e m u s t

have been a good business man. H e

se t u p as an hotel owner and vvine

merchant and built Heritier Buildings in jeppe Street, which in l ater years were rented by the Department and were sold in x 9gg for X66,goo. The wisdom of t h e

Immi gration

C l u b C o m m i t tee iin installing an electric l i g h t ing

plant was amply demonstrated. The Club sold light to Marais Court and other neighbouring premises and so reduced its own costs at a time w h en electricity divas so expensive that the ow ner o f

H e ath's Hotel advertised

that "on account of the high lighting rates" he was prepared to sell "the whole of his electric Iittings"; and Mr. E. P. Solomon, a xnember of the Club, complained that when he applied for electric lighting for his house in D o o r nfontein he w a s t o l d t h at " t h e l a y ing o f t h e w i r e s w o ul d c o st

h im z9o" . I n the x 89o's the C lub H o use was much mor e used at night t han i t i s

to-day.

T h e t own was small, and the majority of the members lived

within easy reach of the bu i l ding.

M o r e over, t h ere were very few even-

ing amusements, and so cards and billiards were popular. The billiard room in th e second Club House was on the first floor, where th e p r esent l i b rary i s s i tuated. a nd a smaller Continental one .

I t c o n t a ined tw o f u l l -sized tables

O n e t a ble was usually reserved for p o o l .

The favourite game on it was Black Pool, which was mostly played at a shilling a ball and could be very expensive. Or dinary billiards was xnore played than nowadays, and the Club boasted of a nuxnber of very fine players; the championships were taken seriously and were controlled by a special committee .

F o r y e ars the best billiardsplayer in the Club was

Mr. J. M. Buckland, who was also a very good pool player. %'hen he was at: a table the onlookers had to be on their best behaviour. Occasionally professional billiards players from oversea toured South

AIrica, and when they visited Johannesburg they were generally engaged to play at the Club. John Roberts, junior, was in Johannesburg in May, i8pi, and played two games in the Club House against Dr. T. J. Dixon, o f Potchefstroom, who was recognized as the amateur champion of t he Transvaal, if not of South Africa,

R o berts gave Dr. D i xon 6So points in

a game of i , ooo up and the medico won by ~ y

p o i nts. T h e n R o berts

gave a start of 6oo points and was beaten by o,ooo at a rate of interest not to exceed 6 per cent and to pass a first mortgage bond on the Club property in the name of the Trustees to the institution from whom the loan was obtained. T h e o vercrowded state of the Club House divas discussed but proposals to double the fees for honorary members, and also to admit guests to dinner only on Tuesdays and Saturdays, were rejected by the members. Complaints of the inadequate catering became more and more numerous

and vigorous, and at last, at a special general meeting on January 2y, i 89y, it divas proposed by th e C h airman (Mr. Buckland), seconded bv Mr. Bettington, "that the present system of catering be abolished and that the management of the C lub be carried on for the benefit of the meinbers under the supervision of the Committee". The Committee vvas "authorized

and instructed to engage such servants and other overs as they mav think fit and to t e r minate or suspend such engagements at their discretion".

The plan of "farming" the Club to a caterer had been in operation for ten years, but once it was abolished it was never revived.

Johannesburg celebrated Queen V ictoria's Diamond Jubilee in June with a huge procession of decorated floats. The Rand Club House was beautifullv decorated, both at street level and the first-floor balcony, with

flags, bunting, greenery and Chinese lanterns. A s the political situation worsened, many people left th e toom; t h e

Club began to lose heavily on its catering account and the subscriptions

T HE

fell of .

R A N D C Lu S

A st e w ard who had been appointed to supervise the catering

proved unsatisfactory and the Committee decided to place the sole re-

sponsibility of the working of the stafF directly upon the Secretary. At the annual general meeting on November 2g, r 898, the Chairman

(Mr. Buckland) said that the shortfall on Subscriptions Account for the r ear had been X3,?98 and the loss on the House Account Kz,369. I t

was

resolved to empower the Committee to pass another bond to the National Bank of the South African Republic at 8 per cent instead of the present 6 per cent to cover the whole indebtedness of the Club. T h e Bank had been charging ~o per cent on the overdraft ofthe House Account as a means of forcing the Club to pay a higher rate of interest on the bond. It was explained that this was only a temporary measure. Mr. Buckland told the members that the building scheme question was still being considered, and Lgoo had been spent on four sets of plans, "but

owing to financia difhculties the scheme had to be set aside for the time being".

IV The Jameson Raid and the Boer W ar Oflicially, of course, the Rand Club had nothing to do ~vith the Jameson Raid or the'outbreak of the Second Anplo-Boer War. As a social institution it took no part in politics. I n dividual members vvere associated with the political activities of the time, and not always on the same side, but the controversies did not affect the running of the Club. I n

i t s M i nute books there are no references to the Raid and no

mention of the war until hosti!ities had actually begun. A s individuab some of th e members were anxious to create a m o re friendlv feeling between British and Dutch and on one occasion (though there is no mention of it i n the Club books) they entertained at dinner Dr. %V. J. Leyds, the Secretary of State in the Kruger Government, who

divas also a member of the Club. D r .

Levds made a speech in response

to the toast of' his health, but to the disappointment of his hosts avoided making any reference to current affairs. H e m e rely recalled the fact that on his first visit to Johannesburg he had to do business at a bank and leant against the wall, and was cautioned by one of the staA' not to lean too h ard lest he brought the whole structure tumbling on their heads!

He

said he felt he must congratulate the residents of Johannesburg on their public spirit, industry and enterprise. A n d t h a t was all . Doctor was not to be drawn on political issues.

The a s tute

In all the records of the oScial inquiries into the Jameson Raid, there are only scanty references to the Rand Club and nothing to suggest that the Club House was used in any way for the business of the Reformers. The okces and headquarters of the Reformers were in the Consolidated Gold6elds building, and the organization, such as it was, centred there, But there is no doubt that some of the uno%cial business in connection with the plot was transacted privately in the Club House and that members

must have discussed developments with their friends while in the building. ln his Memoirs Dr. Hans Sauer, for instance, mentions that on returning

to Johannesburg just before the Raid he saw Percy Fitzpatrick at the Consolidated Goldfields olKces and then went straight to the Rand Club,

where he "soon discovered what had actually been happening during the months of October, November and December".

T h e r e i s also evidence

that Eugene Marais, editor of Land en Volk, attended a conference in the Club House with Charles Leonard and Abe Bailey.

D r . S a uer also says

that just before the Raid he slept even n ight in the Club bar " i n order to be near the Reform Committee". The Club Co m mittee had no oSc ial knowledge of such matters; but Mrs. Hays Hammond in her book A

Womon's Portia a Revolutionsuggests

that the Rand Club was the place vvhere the latest news, gossip and rumours

about the progress of the Reformers could most easily be obtained. The Reform movement wm at Erst in the hands of Lionel Phillips, Frank

Rhodes, GeorgeFarrar, Havs Hammond and Charles Leonard (all members of the Club) who signed the letter to Dr. Jameson asking him to come to the rescue of the U i t landers.

O t h e r m embers doubtless knew what

was afoot, though it was only a&er the Raid that any considerable number of them pubhcly associated themselves with the political agitation.

Christmas Day, r89g, passed oK quietly with picnic parties into the veld. On Boxing Day there was a carnival at the Wanderers, w-ith a torch-

light procession by the bicycling clubs with ten thousand lanterns and lamps. Then on the evening of Monday, December go, The Star'sthird edition (on pink paper, at g.t g p.m.) gave the 6rst news of the Raid in a paragraph in large gee, headed "Crossed the Border". it stated that the Government had received messages that "a large force of mounted men had crossed the Bechuanaland border and were evidently en r oute for

Johannesburg". A number of prominent men who had not been inthe conlidence of the leaders of the R eform movement then came forward and asked to be

allowed to share the responsibility of guiding the community through the crisis. Thus there was formed, on the night of December 3o, the famous

Y HK

JA N E SO N

R A ( D A N D TH E

S O KR w A R

R eform Committee which issued a notice declaring its desire " t o

m ain-

t ain the i n d ependence of t h e R e p u blic " a n d a s k ing t h e i n habitants t o "refrain f ro m t aking any action w h ich can be considered as an overt act uf hostility against the Government" .

A l i s t o f t h e m embers of the Com-

m ittee was subsequently handed t o

t h e a uthori ties i n P r e t oria and w a s

used in making the arrests that followed the surrender of Jameson's force.

After the news of Jameson's surrender on January z, the people of J ohannesburg were i n a s t at e o f g r eat e x citement an d u n certainty an d t here was some danger of an a r med r i sing. O n Januarv y Sir H e r c u les Robinson (later Lord Rosmead ), the British High C o m missioner in South

Afric, arranged for Sir Jacobus de W et , t h e B r i t ish A gent i n P r e t o r i a, to go to Johannesburg and address a mass meeting of the inhabitants. The Rand Club Committee gave permission for th e speakers to use the

Club balcony as a platform. Sir Jacobus de Wet was accompanied on to the balcony by Sir Sidney Shippard, then Administrator of Bechuanaland, who, according to Dr. Manfred Nathan's life of Paul Kruger "was there apparently on his own accord and certainly in a wholly uno%cial capacity". Sir Jacobus de Vfet made an appeal to the public to remain calm and peaceful and said that only by moderation and good behaviour could a settlement satisfactory to all parties be reached. H e was heard in " r e spect-

ful silence" and his advice had a calming influence. Nathan says, however, that Shippard adopted a dilferent tone and said "If you don'tlay down your arms Dr. Jameson will be shot and Johannesburg willbe bombarded". The people did not know who Shippard was, but they w er e not g oing to stand any threats, and his remarks stirred up

considerable feeling. S ubsequently, Sir J acobus de XVet w r ot e t o t h e Secretary of State in Britain declaring that " th e A d m i nistrator of Bechuana-

land did not render me any assistance and was not called upon to speak. His unnecessary and impoliti c

i n t erference raised a false issue and caused

a great deal o f t r o u ble especially his inaccurate statement that th e l i v e s

of Jameson's men were in the hands of the people of Johannesburg". The excitement in Johannesburg died down rapidly. High Change on the Stock Exchange was resumed on January 8, and on that evening The Star was able to write: " T h e s treets though less thronged than they were

last week looked busier and brighter. again the speculators on business bent.

B e t ween the C hains may be seen T h e e n t e rprising tradesmen of

the Rand again welcome their customers. T h e

b arricades have been re-

moved from the windows, the assistants have returned and End plenty to do. M a n y o f the hotels have re-opened and the thirst of the parched is

again allayed at the usual prices. Coming to the Market Square you

may

see, as of old, the oxen lying in f r ont of t heir w agons on which large supplies of provisions were brought in at daybreak." President Kruger's Government had, however, been preparing for

action. The arrest of the members of the Reform Committee was ordered and the police went out in search of them. Numerous stories have been told of the rounding up of the Reformers, and in one o f

t hem P reston, th e faithful Commissionaire of th e R and

Club, who was generally called the Head Porter, makes a characteristic appearance. P r eston, who became an almost legendary 6gure among the Club's servants, was ahvays a stout and fearless defender of the institution he served so long and well.

T h e story goes that two Z . A . R .P.'s seeking

Charlez Leonard arrived at the front door of the Club House and demanded admission. "You can't come in 'ere," d eclared Preston.

"This is a Club and onlv

members are allowed in." "But ~ve have a ~varrant for the arrest of' Mr. L eonard," r e plied the policemen. "I can't help that," r etorted Preston, "I can't let you in, but I' ll send for him.

P a ge, run along and tell Mr . Leonard he is wanted" — and then

in a whisper to the page boy "Tell him to get to hell out of it by the back door." "%'e have the right and we w ill go in, "

i n sisted the Z.A.R.P.'s.

"Qrl right, if you must go in, you must," said Preston, moving slowly out of t heir w ay. T h e

p o lice w ent in , but b y t hat t im e the b ird had

liow~. Preston 6gured in a similar storv when an attempt was made to arrest Monypenny, and it mav be that the conversation recorded took place in the later incident. C h a r les Leonard, however, was not arrested, and

T H E j A M ES O N

made his way t o C ape Town .

R AI D

AN D

T H E BO ER

W AR

In a n y c ase, despite th e faithful Preston,

the police did eBect numerous arrests in the premises he guarded.

Just after dinner on Thursday, January 9, i 8 96 , L i e utenants Tossel, Pietersen and De Korte of the Z . A . R .P. vvent to the Rand Club with a pocl'etful of warrants for the arrest of the Reformers. T h e oflicers, with the utmost courtesv, informed the men whose names were on their list that they were to be taken into custody. There was no disturbance or outcry when twenty members of the Club were told they must accomp any the police to the gaol.

T h e y w ere W . van H ulsteyii, W . S t . John

C arr, Dr . D a v ies, W . E . H u d son, Dr . H . S auer, A . M a ckie N iven, F . Moscnthal, lV. H . S. Bell, H. A . R ogers, Max Langcrman, C, H. M ullins,

George Richards, Dr. A. P. H illier, A. Woolls-Sampson, J. G. Auret, Sir Drummond Dunbar, J. J. Lace, J. Hay:s Hammond, Dr. Duir and Dr. Mitchall. This must have been one of the most amiable invasions of private property in the history of police procedure. C p s

an d Cape carts >vere summoned

and after' time had been allowed for night-caps, the purchase of cigars, and the despatch of messages, the prisoners were escorted to their vehicles. Surrounded bv police, both mounted and on foot, the procession set o8' For the old gaol from where the party was taken the next dav bv trainin first class coaches — to Pretoria. It is said that one member of the Reform Committee was asleep in a room on the first floor of the Rand Club vvhen the arrests ivere made. He awoke some time after the p r isoners had left and divas exceedingly

indignant at discovering that he had been left behind. However, by sending hastily for a cab he was able to catch up with the main body and surrender to the police and join his fellow conspirators in the old gaol. On the following dav Lionel Phillips surrendered to the police outside the Rand Club. H e was allowed to go inside to say goodbye to his friends and then, when C ol. Bettington and Mr . Beach'-Head had arrived, the

trio drove ofl' under escort. The remaining members of the Reform Comn iittee, with th e exception of M r . J. S. Curtis who was ill beyond the b orders of

t h e T r a nsvaal, wer e g r adually picked u p a n d h o used i n t h e

gaol at P r e t o r ia .

% h e n C u r t i s r e covered he r eturned t o t h e T r ansvaal

T HE

and entered a p lea of no t

R h N D c i.u s

g u i l t y t o t h e i n d i ctment , b u t n o p r o ceedings

were taken against him. U nfortunately one tragedy marked the housing of t h e m e mbers of t h e Rand Club in the Pretoriagaol. Fred Gray, who had been a member of

the Club since i387, broke down under the strain of life in the gaol. and c ommitted suicide.

H i s b o d y w a s taken to th e r e sidence of Mr . C . R .

S nell, at th e c o r ner o f K i n d an d B eit St reets, and he was buried in t h e cemetery at B raarnfonteiri. t he Club w e r e i n

O n t h e d a y o f hi s f u neral manv members of

t h e t w o h u n d red and fi ft y v e h i cles that f ollowed t h e

hearse, whil e t h ousands of people l i ned th e r o ut e t o

t h e c e metery.

In the trial of the Reformers at Pretoria the four leaders, Phillips, Farrar, Frank Rhodes anl Hays Hammond, pleaded guiltvand were sentenced to death, while th e remaining sixtv svere sentenced to t w o

v ears' imprison-

m ent and a fine of L 2 , ooo on c o ndition that they u ndertook not t o

take

part in po l i t ics ix th e T r ansvaal for t hree years. B u t t h e death sentences ~vere not carried out, and the four leaders were released on paving a fine

of Ized,ooo and giving an undertaking not to interfere in Transvaal pohtics for fifteen years.

Two members of the Rand Club, Aubrey Woolls-Sampson and W. D. ("K arr i" )

D a v i es refusedto pay t he f ine or g i ve an u n d ertaking not t o

t ake part i n p o l i t ics or t o s ig n t h e p etition t o t h e E x ecutive. T h e y r e mained in Pretoria gaol for another year and svere only released on June s g, 189$ on t h e o c casion of Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee.

Sir IVoolls-Sampson was long a famihar figure on the Rand. He always carried a iVlalaccs cane he had bought in Adderley Street in Cape Town in i8 y6 for sixpence. He d i ed in the Rand Club on M av i 8, s 9zg, at the

age of sixty-eight. Major WValter " K a r ri "

D a v ies divas an Australian who came to the Rand

and made a fo rtune importing th e famous J arrah and Karri t i m bers. w as associated w it h

He

X V ool)s-Sampson, Sir P e rcy F i t zpatrick and M a j o r

Charles Mullins, V.C., in the founding of the Imperial Light Horse. H e inserted " K a r r i " o n the Rand.

i n h i s name t o d i stinguish him f ro m t h e other Davieses

H e d i e d i n E ngland in November, i 9 2 6 .

A year after the sentences on Qe Reform prisoners, H. C. Hu'll and

THE

JA iX E S O N

R AI D

AN D

T HE BO E R

W AR

W illem van H ulsteyn gave a Commemoration Dinner i n

t h e R and Cl ub ,

when a specialmenu card was printed containing a photograph of the trial in th e M a r ket H a ll , Pretoria . T h e t o p o f t h e m enu card read: " April 2 8 t h i 8 9 6 . .. P r e t o ri a G e v angenis. H o s t K o o s P l essis," while at the bottom t h e lettering was; " April z 8 t h I 8 9 y . .. Rand Club. Hulste)TI." The menu fo r

H o sts H. C . H ul l and W. van

t h e C o m memoration D i n ner was appropriately worded

and the entrees included

"Filet de bo:uf a la Koos Plessis" (Bully beef and cold water ). (Koos Plessis was the gaoler in Pretoria, of whom many of the Reformers

had very unpleasant memories.) Although the Rand Club had nothing to do vvith the Reform movement, t he Raid and its aftermath had reactions upon the social life of the t o w n

and the balloting for new members at the Club was aff'ected by it. In fact, balloting meant that fo r o nce th e p o l i t ical views of t h e candidates were taken into c o nsideration, and i t m embers at a l l .

w a s f o u nd

impo ssible to elect any new

Owing to this deadlock, a general meeting of members was held on March I9,

I8 9 6 , to c o n sider a pr o posal for a special election committee

of twenty-five members in place of the existing ballot system under ~vhich

a ll meinbers voted. Mr . J. M. Buckland presided, and moved a resolution forming such a committee. H e said that the proposal had been brought forward osving to the deadlock in the election of members caused through

the political feeling existing. He added, however, that the proposal was not to be taken as coming with the forrnal recommendation of the Managing Committee.

The proposal was lost by a large majority, and an alternative proposal that the number of b l ack balls to exclude be one in five instead of one in ten, as was then the case, was also defeated. Th e M i n u tes of the meeting s tate that M r . B u c k l and " a gain a d dressed the meeting stating that t h e Committee had d on e i t s best i n t r y i n g t o r e m edy t h e p r e sent state of affairs and h e

h o ped t hat th e I n e m bers w o uld t h emselves endeavour t o

put an end to the deadlock".

T his appeal appears to h av e b een e 8 e ctive, b u t u n de r t h e r u l e s t h e rejected candidates could not be put up again for t«velve inonths.

A c c o r d-

ingly, on June i8 another special general meeting «vas held and the rule was suspended until October g i "i n r espect of those candidates for election who were rejected on the ballot between December i, i 8 9 i , a n d June i,

Septem ber

i 896, and who shall be re-nominated for election on or before i 8 next" . A t t h e same time it was decided to alter the rules to make one b lack ball in five exclude instead of one black ball in t en . Political tension continued to increase and the relations bet«veen English and Dutch became more and more strained. The Government, too, stiffened its attitude against its critics, and on September g, r 899, issued a warrant for the arrest of WV. E. Moiiypenny, editor of The Star. De t e ctives went, to the o%ces of TAe Star, and while they were making inquiries there

amessagewas sent to h1onypenny at the Rand Club telling him «vhat «vas happening.

T h e d e t ectives then arrived at th e C l ub, but «vhile the C l ub

c ommissionaire talked t o t h e m i n t h e f r o n t h a il , M o n ypenny left b y t h e

passage that opened into Commissioner Street and hurried to a h i ding place prepared on the Ferreira Mine where he «vas joined by H. C. Hull, a nother member of th e C l ub , w h ose arrest was expected.

Th e two men

remained in hiding on th e m ine for a few davs and then escaped by Cape c art to th e O r ange Free State and «vent on by t r ain t o Cape T o w n . The crisis gre«v worse and on September i i ,

i 8 99 , th e C l u b f o l l owed

the example of the m i nes aiid paid its insurance premiums in advance. O n September go,

i 8 9 9 , a special general meeting was held at w h i c h

there were present Mr . E m rys Evans (Depiity Chairman), Messy. M u ndt, Baerecke and Pierce (members of the Committee) and about thirty other members.

M r . E m r y s Evans explained that the catering department «vas

being run at a heavier loss than ever ow ing t o

t h e decreased business in

the bar and the necessary expenditure in th e u pkeep of the di ning-r oom. He said that two pr oposals had been made, viz., either to close down the dining-rooin and thus save the hea«y expenditure for its maintenance and keep the bar and b i l l i ards room

o p en, o r e l s e r educe the ser«ice and

standard of food, by «vhich a certain saving «vould be effected, although this would no t

m a t eriallv aKect the position since the bar b u siness had

I„ 'S

')

la 4

C

2 5th .3nniversarv Ball.

.1fain Hall and Staircase.

T HE

J A M K SO N R A I D

h N D TH E

ssO E R W A R

fallen oR' so much owing to the absence of so many members and would be still further reduced since the members were continuing to leave. After some discussion it was unanimously resolved that the dining-room

be kept open but that the service and standard of food be reduced as far as possible "without causing too much inconvenience". There was one optimist in the Club who pinned a notice on the board ofkring to bet Kzg,ooo that there would be no war .

N o b odv took the

bet — but apparently, also, nobody took the notice doss~. Gradually the hope of a peaceful settlement faded. The exodus from Johannesburg increased and the Club House had a deserted appearance. On October y the Transvaal Government prohibited the sale of spirituous liquor.

O n O c t o ber 9 i t h a nded its ultimatum to the British Agent at

Pretoriaand demanded a reply by g p.m. on VAdnesday, October 4Vith the news of the sending of the ultimatum the exodus became a Rood

and onlv a few members lingered in the Club House, The ultimatum was rejected, aseveryone had expected. The first shots of the war were fired on October s x and on the following day the British Agent lelt Pretoria. At the o utbreak of the svar the Boer Government adopted a lenient attitude towards people of B r i tish descent.

Ab o u t a t h ousand British

subjects were allowed to remain as neutrals. The big shops remained open as usual, with mainly non-British stars.

C a r etakers were left in charge

of manv businesses and houses.

The Rand Club was not closed, though very few of the British members were left. Only four members ofthe Committee remained — Messrs. H. Mundt, A. B. Chauncy, O. Baerecke and J. M. Pierce (manager of the Natal Bank). T h e first three named took over control under the chairman-

ship of Mr. Mundt, who was a partner in the Port Elizabeth firm of Mundt and Co., wholesale merchants,and svas a German nations. The British employees of the Club had to leave; the Secretary (Mr. Savage) was instructed to leave before October s 8, and he went to Cape Town.

An emergency meetingof members of the Club was held on October s 8, s 899 in

t h e C l ub H ouse. T h e M i n utes recorded:

"Present Mr. Herm Mundt (in the Chair) and fifteen other members.

T HE

R h N D CL U B

Business: It was resolved that any member of the Club be entitled to

propose any resident of Johannesburg as an Honorary Member with the approval of two members of the Committee at a fee of one guinea per month during the period of the crisis; the Conunittee to have

the power to extend such period of one month from month to month. It was also resolved that during the period of the crisis each day shall

be a guest day." At a meeting of the Committee on October a i (present Messrs. Mundt,

Chauncy and Baerecke) it was reported that the manager of the National B ank had written stating that he could give no f urther advance to t h e

Club. A number of members offered to lend sums of money to keep the Club going and Lyso was promptly subscribed. An account was opened

with the Bank of Africa in the names of Messrs. Mundt and

C ha uncey.

All meals were priced at gs. 6d., and the staH' was reduced to the absolute

minimum. As the man working the electric lighting plant had left, and there was no one to work it , i t

w as decided to connect the Club House

up to the town supply. On November iy it was decided that oAicers of the Government could be elected visiting members. On D ecember t > th e C o m m ittee resolved to p r esent Commandant Schutte with six cozen claret "as a Xmas hamper". T h e C lub also gave six dozen claret to the Boer Fund for the ~vounded. The relations of the Club with the G overnment were friendlv and some of the members of the sta8' were exempt from police duh'. On April z3 ,

i g oo, however, there was a terrific explosion at Begbie's

iron foundry (in the Citv and Suburban township) ivhich had been commandeered for the making of shells. Twelve people were killed and fiftysix injured.

T h e G o vernment thought that the explosion was the work

of British svmpathisers; an order was issued expelling most of the remaining Britishers, and Commandant Schutte was replaced as Commandant by Dr. F . E .

T . K r a use. B u t t h e Br itish forces were approaching and Dr.

K rause surrendered the town on Ma y pi ,

r9oo.

%'bile a small Committee had been carr)mg on the Rand Club in enemy territory, other members had been watching over its interests in Cape

T HE J A N E S O N

Town.

R AI D A N D Y H K S O K R w e' l l

T h e r e mnant of th e C o mm it tee elected on N o vember z8 , < 8 98,

assembled there. They met in the Civil Service Club or the City Club, though for a time had an office at z6 Mansion House. T h e y r e s olved to

arrange with the Standard Bank to honour the Club'scheques, and J. Emrys Evans, A. R. Goldring and E. P. Solomon were authorized to sign cheques on behalf of the Club. W. J . Savage, the Secretary, was in Cape Town until M arch, l9 0 1 w h e n h e o btained a permit to r e t u rn t o Johannesburg and take with him sixteen tons of supplies (no liquors) imported for the Club. The supplies filled two trucks which the military authorities allowed to go forvvard on the plea that they would be used in feeding the members and so add to the general food supply of the town, Messrs. Mundt, Baerecke and Chauncv controlled the Club in Johannesburg while the Boers held the town, and in a subsequent report the Managing C ommittee expressed the o p i n ion t ha t

t h e C l u b " s h o uld p ass t hem a

special vote of thanks for th e valuable services they rendered during that

very critical period of the Club's history". Among the twelve members of the Club who lost their lives during hostilities was Major L. J. Seymour, anAmerican, who had rendered great services to the mining industry and in the war had joined the Bri t ish and helped to r aise the Railway Pioneer Regiment.

Lat e r it w a s decided to

raise a memorial to him and k t i, g6y was subscribed and spent in for m i n g

a technical library of value to students and mining men. Called the Seymour Memorial Library, it was opened in the School of Mines in February, ~ 9og, a nd the collection is now h o used in t h e Johannesburg Public Library.

The third Club House Officially the Second Anglo-Boer War did not end until the Peace of Vereeniging was signed at Pretoria at midn ight on Saturday, May 3r ,

r9ot.

But Johannesburg had been occupied by the British forces two years earlier, and though hostilities continued the Rand Club came under the control of the members who had remained in the town o r

m anaged to

secure permits to return to it. So in June, r 9oo, an interim Committee

was appointed, consisting of Messrs. Baerecke, Pierce, Hoyle and O'Reilly, and it continued in office until December.

In the meantime more and more members had been ableto return to the town which was still protected by barbed-wire fencing and was under military rule.

T h e n o n D e cember r r, r 9 o o , i t w as possible to hold a

general meeting of the members of the Club. Mr. O'Reilly explained that the meeting had been called to elect a provisional Committee to carry on the Club until such time as the members generally were allowed to return to Johannesburg. Of the interim Committee of four elected in June, Mr. Baerecke was unable to be present

owing to illness, Mr. Pierce had resigned, Mr. Hoyle was absent from Johannesburg, and he (Mr. O'Reilly) found that the time at his disposal would not allow of his continuing to act on the Committee. Mr. J. G . H a m ilton moved that a special vote of thanks be passed to Mr. I h erecke for his efForts in connection with the carrying on of the

Club. This was carried unanimously. The Chairman reported that all the accounts incurred by the interim Committee elected in June had been paid withthe exception of about ar 2o and that there was a credit balance of about Xr,26o. A provisional Committee of 6ve members was elected to carry on the

Club. It was composed of Messrs. A. %'ilkinson (Chairman), W. Pott,

T H E T H I R D c l u S H O U SE

S. J. Jennings, l.. Spitzer and H. Mundt. Capt. Beach'-Head, Mr. A. E. P age and Mr. O ' Reilly were nominated, but were unable to stand. M r . Mundt declined toaccept office and was replaced by Mr. W. T, Graham.

Mr. R. Depas was appointed Acting Secretary and held the position until Mr. Savage returned in March, r 9or , w hen the Club books, which had been closed on October r 6, i 899, were opened again. In the interim

temporary scroll books had been kept. It was decided to have the Club House thoroughly cleaned, and Kto3 was distributed among the servants as a Christmas box. The electric light

plant had to be overhauled as the chimney stack had fallen domm. When it was i n

w o r king order, e l ectric current was supplied to P ermanent

Buildings and Marais Court as well as to the shops in the Club House.

Sir Alfred Milner accepted honorary membership for himself and his staff and a House dinner was given to Colonel Colin Mackenzie, the Militarv

Governor, beforehe left Johannesburg.

Messrs. A. R. Goldring, E. P. Solomon, J. G. Hamilton and J. M. Pierce, members of the old Committee elected in t 8 98 , were invited to

join the p rovision al Committee and assist in the management of the Club.

The Committee agreed in principle to share in the laying of a pipe to cormect with the Fordsburg pumping station for the removal of slop water. The others agreeing to share in the cost were the New Cl u b, Exploration

Buildings and Mr. Hocking of the Goldfields Hotel. The first general meeting of members for a period of three years was held on November zs, t 9ot, under the chairmanship of Mr. A. Wilkinson, w'hen seventy-six members were present.

The Committee presented a report covering the period from November, ~899, to O ctober 3~, x90 1, which stated that "taking ever@lung into consideration, and that the Club

House had been kept open all along, the Club must be congratulated upon the fact that its financial position on the whole had not sufkred as much

as might have been anticipated". It was estimated that the C lub had sustained an apparent loss in subscriptions alone for the past two vears of X,i z,ooo, two-thirds of which

w'ould havebeen paid by members who were before the war usually resident within the town radius. I n

a ddition to this, there had been no elections 6
8 -

Furniture and fittings Plate, crockery, glassware, utensils, etc. -

Eiectncal plant

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

3 kg t,66o

-

-

-

9 og, an d t h e C o m m i ttee r eported t hat t h e removal was made " w i t hout i n t e rfering w i t h t h e u sual services in t h e Club" , fo r t h e C o m m i t tee had " m ade every ef or t t o g i v e th e m embers as little inconvenience as possible" .

The rebuilding scheme only alfected the second Club House wtuch stood on Stands i Sg ,

r 8 6 , i 8 8 9 an d r 8 9 o M a rshall's Town .

knowm as the K i t chen B l ock, o r altered.

X V h at w as

t h e F a x S t r eet Building, r e m ained un-

F o r t h e c o n venience of members these premises were recondi-

tioned to include bar, l avatory and sanitary arrangements, and were kept open as a second establishment.

T h e f a c i l i t ies thus ofk r e d w e r e m u ch

T HE

THI R D

C I U S H O U SE

appreciated by members, but the upkeep of two Club Houses added considerably to the monthly expenditure. Many of the members did not like the temporary Club House. The North western Hotel was in a part of the town with which they were not familiar and to reach it they had to cross the Market Square, which was often either dusty or muddy. T h e Comnlittee reported that the catering sulfered and there was "an indirect loss of revenue arising from the change of the Club's quarters to a neighbourhood that was not convenient or acceptable to a large number of the members". In December, I 9 o z ,

t h e Secretary, Mr . W . F . S a vage r esigned the

position he had held for ten years owing to his approaching marriage. Mr. Spaeth, the Chief Accountant, acted as Secretary until February., I9og, when Mr. C .

G o r don of Maritzburg was appointed Secretarv (at a salary

of typal with free board and residence). At the annual general meeting in November, l9o2, another attempt was m ade to open the Club to ladies. M r . G . H u tchinson moved, and Mr. A . Tilnev seconded, a resolution instructing the Committee to arrange in the new building for a room with a separate entrance where members might e ntertain ladies, subject to by-laws to be passed by the Colnmittee. T h e motion was defeated by a large majority. This meeting was notable for what appeared to be a r evolt against the Managing Committee. I n the election of a new Committee for l9og both

the Chairman (Mr. Buckland), who had been in the Chair for six years, and the Deputy Chairman (Mr. Goddard), were nominated and defeated, as were two or t hree other members of the I 9o? Committee.

T h e new

Committee was declared to c onsist of M essrs. James Ferguson, E. P.

Solomon, W. H. Dawe, J. Emrys Evans, M. Dold, O. Baerecke, XV. Pott, C . Marx, O . L e nz, D . C h ristopherson, W. Beachy-Head and H. F . Strange. A hearty vote of thanks was passed to Mr. J. M. Buckland "who had served the Club so well and ably and conscientiously for so manv years in the capacity of committee-man and chairman".

M r . B u ckland, records

the Minutes, "responded brieAy, thanking the members for their cordial

vote of thanks, stating that he always welcomed changes on the Com-

mittee since he thought all members should have a chance of serving the Club and thus gain a better insight into its internal working, H e

w i shed

the new Committee every success." The changes did not appear to work w eII, for d u ring the vear Messrs.

E. P. Solomon, M. Dold, O. B aerecke, W. P ott, D. C h ristopherson, W. Beachy-Head and H. F. Strange all resigned from the Committee and were replaced by Messrs.Gordon Sandilands, J. H. Leslie, C. Kleudgen, G, A. H .

D i c kson, the Hon. W . L . B agot and H . P , F r aser.

At the annual meeting on november go, r9o3, the Committee elected

for i9og included Messrs. %'. H. S. Bell, R. A. Bettington, J. M. Buckland, G. A . H . D i ckson, Llewellyn Edwards,J. T. Goldsbury, F. C. Liddle (Proprietary Members); Dr. W. Gibson, Messrs. H. G. L, Panchaud, A. E. Prince and C. E. Stuart (Non-Proprietary Members). M r. Buckland was then elected Chairman of th e

C o mtnittee and r e -

mained Chairman without a break. for the next t w enty-eight vears.

Meanwhile the 14nd was not prospering as much as had been expected. The mining industry could not expand owing to the severe shortage of labour. I n t h e end Chinese were imported and though they were satisfactory as workers many of them were troublesome and there was a political campaign against them, and when the Botha Government came into once in >907 they were gradually repatriated.

Instead of the expected boom, Johannesburg experienced a slump. In their report on the Club during ~90I, th e Committee said: "The past vear has been one of exceptional stress. N o t o nlv have the

conditions prevailing militated against the pro6table working of the Club, but the removal of the Club House to an inconvement quarter of the town has naturally aII'ected its earnings. T h e C ommittee have otherwise been

hampered in their e8orts to conduct the affairs of the Club successfully, but with

t h e assistance of th e S ecretary, Mr . C . Go r d on, t hey have

succeeded in largely reducing expenses and they feel j

that the main difhculties are over."

ustfied in saying

The spo3 accounts showed that the expenditure had been K3o,890 and the loss on the year f.7>2. S alaries and wages cost Si r,9I7 . T h e actual m embership on September 3o , r 9 0 3 , w a s s ,t6z, o f w ho m gg o w e r e

Plain Staircase.

lfain Dining Room.

V HK

T H I R D C Lu s

H O U SE

Proprietary Members. The roll was made up of Town 69z, Country r y3, and Absentee z9y. The financial position received careful consideration, and in O ctober,

r9oi, a special general

w as held to empower the Committee to meeting

raise a second mortgage to provide money for the completion of the new

Club House. After a long discussion, Mr. Ernile Nathan move, and Mr. T. Douglas seconded, an amendment: "That te n o f t h e m e m bers of t h i s

C lub be elected to co-operate with the present Committee for t h e purpose of preparing and bringing up a general report at an adjourned

meeting." This was carried, and the following vvere elected to serve:

I.. Edv ards, Thomas Doug4s, L. Reversbach, J. VAIdie Peirson, Michael Dodd, S. C. Black, F. %'. Blood, A. E. Page, R. A. Bettington, W. H. S. Bell. The Joint Committee, as it was called, drew up a report signed by Mr. Emrvs Evans for the Rand Club Committee and Mr. L. Reyersbach for the Consultative Committee.

The Joint Committee pointed out that the contract for the nevv Club House was for Xr r r,z oo and that the Club had not funds in hand for such an expenditure. The Committee found that a reduction could be effected in two ways: (r) by taking away entirely

the two upper floors of' the building, (2) by completing the outer shell of the building only and leaving the interior of the two upper floors incomplete and bv certain economies in decorations and fittings. The second course, which wa s th e architect's ovrm suggestion, was

adopted by the Joint Committee as being the least wasteful, besides providing for a subsequent enlargement to the extent of the original plans. The saving arrived at amounted to L,rg,g8z. T h e n Xy,gg3 could be saved

by leaving the two upper floors a shell; L>,ooo by omitting the two passenger lifts; Kr,zoo by omitting "all marble dados to first-floor lounges, all marble stairs, etc., and substituting teak"; and putting cheaper fittings and floors in v arious parts of th e b uilding.

A n o t her L g,ooo could be

saved by not having an electric light plant and using the electric lighting available from the town. Fewer billiard tables and less elaborate furniture would save X,6,goo. Altogether the Joint Committee suggested savings totalling Xg6,98 2, reducing the estimated deficit to ~,8y9. It also prepared

' rHK R A V D

CL u r r

an estimate of revenue and expenditure on the basis ef the full occupation

of the new Club House as modified, and the normal running of the bar, coH'ee room, etc., i v hich shoived an estixnated excess of revenue over exp enditure of X,x,~ m ittee of t h e

i n s t ead of t h e L,g67 submitted b y t h e G eneral Com -

C l u b i n t h ei r r e p o r t .

The Joint C o m m i ttee also strongly recommended that entrance fees up to an annual amount of X,g,ooo should in f uture be set aside fer providing of debentures and, further, thatany excess ef for the annual

redem ption

revenue over e x penditure should b e wipe out th e estimated deficit o n

e ar-marked i n t h e fi r s t i n stance to

t h e b u i l ding as modified and thereafter

for the purpose of completing and utilizing the two upper storeys ef the building as might subsequently be decided. Obviously, hoivever, the recommendations of the Joint Committee were considered to b e

t o o d r astic; f o r w h e n t h ei r r e p or t i vas placed before a

special general meeting on il e v ember g, x 9og, an amendment ivas carried restoring the m arble dados and the m arble stairs, et c. , and empowering the Committee to raise funds to the extent of f y , g o o e i ther by members' voluntary contr ibutions or o t h e r i vise to b e devoted t o

andsuppinga nv deficiency in

t h e b u i l ding fund

cash that might be o ccasioned by the r e -

tention of t h ose additions to t h e

b u i l d ing scheme.

T he Min utes of t h ese various meetings are not suHiciently detailed t o reveal the exact diS'erences between two o r

m o r e b o d ies of members on

the financing of the new Club H ouse. I t i s clear, however, that one group

desired to go ahead boldly with the original and more expensive plan w hile others thought it advisable to p ursue a more cautious policy.

The

drastic changes made in the personnel of the Committee in r 9ox and i 9o3 seem to have been due to a struggle between these tive schools of thought on the planning of the new p rexnises. Another complication was the attitude ef the Proprietarv Members who h eld a meeting on D e cember r 8 ,

r 9 o 3 , and discussed the report o f t h e

Joint Comxnittee and decided by r y votes to 7 to cu t ou t th e marble tiles t o the hall , g r o und f loor and l o u nge first Hoor, t hu s saving X892. T h e Proprietary M e mbers also authorized the Committee t o

r a ise a sum not

exceeding Xr o,ooo on debentures or second mortgage, the loan to be " u sed

THE

TH I R D

c L U S H O U SE

only for the purpose of completing the Club's nevv premises and the furnishing thereof". The Committee did not act u pon t h i s advice and after long discussions b ehind the scenes a special general m e eting o f july I S,

m e m b ers wa s held o n

I 9 oy , u n der the chairmanship of Mr . Buckland; a resolution was

passed "that the two upper floors of the Club House be completed and f urnished at a

c o s t o f a p p r oximately X,Ig,ooo" .

T he Co m I n i t tee w as

authorized to r a ise the XI g,ooo by c r eating not Inore t han one hundred

and fifty life memberships at one hundred guineas each or by a second I nortgage of kI g,ooo on the property o r b v a c ombination of th e tw o o r any modifIcation of t h e same at t h ei r d i scretion, At the same meeting it was resolved " t hat it is desirable that the catering system be re-introduced upon the removal of the Club to th e C lub House and that the C o m m i t tee be empowered to t ake the necessarv steps". But vvhile t h ese numerous proposals were being debated t h ere was a g radual iInprovement i n t h e e conomic p o sition and t h e m a j o r it y o f t h e

members were inclined to go forward boldly with the larger plans for the future. In the Rand Club there always appeared to be a generalfeeling of confidence in t h e f u t ure of t h e R and and th e more p essimistic members were usually defeated when a showdown came, T he report o f t h e C o m mittee on t h e w o r k ing of th e C lu b d u r ing I 9 o g vvas couched in a more cheerf'ulvein. The expenditure had exceeded revenue by X3, rgz, but in the previous year the deficit had been LIo,73o. M oreover, i n

I 9 o g t h e i n t erest charge had been k z , oo o h i gher than i n

I9o3, and X I , 3 o I h a d b een spent i n b r i n g ing th e Fo x S t r eet B u ilding into line w it h t h e new b u ilding. T h e r e had again been a loss on catering account but t h er e vvere signs of i m p r oveInent. N o r h a d t h e C o m mitt ee taken steps to r e i n t r oduce the catering system as suggested by a general meeting of m e m b ers. The Commit tee reported that it had " m ade most detailed and exhaustive investigations into th e diS'erent terms upon which it w o ul d be possible to contract for th e catering of the Club .

B u t t hey have not vet by any means

satisfied themselves that any contract w h ich a r esponsible caterer would be vvilling to enter i nto w il l p r o t ect the Club against risk of loss or ensure

T HE

R AN D CI.U B

business profits more eH'ectually than will the efficient management of its own affairs. The Club is about to enter upon a virtuallv new undertaking u nder new c onditions, whose benefits or

d i sadvantages annot y e t b e

fairly estimated. It wi ll, perhaps, be possible for the incoming Committee, after a few months, to come to a trustvvorthy conclusion as to the desirability or otherwise of entering into a catering contract. Y our Committee has collected a large amount of statistical information and other data which wil] be found of material assistance in the consideration of the question." It may be added that neither the i 9o p C ommittee, nor any later one, ever proposed to go back to the catering system. The Committee reported that t w enty-seven life m embers had been elected and paid Kz,Sgg, and added: " The C ommittee is no t a ble t o express any deep sense of the readiness with which the members have responded to the invitation to take up the second mortgage debentures. Your Committee has, however, allotted Xy,sgo of these debentures and it may be stated that their invitations have recently elicited responses which justify the anticipation that the remaining debentures will be taken up," The annual general meeting on N ovember 29 ,

t 9 o g , a uthorized the

Committee to raise L,zg,ooo on second mortgage debentures alone, provided that the number of life members did not exceed forty. In the following Januarv the Proprietary Members held a meeting and replaced their former resolution agreeing to a second mortgage of L,ig,ooo by one authorizing the raising of L,zg,ooo. W hile these financial measures were being considered the ne w

C l ub

House had been slowly rising. In order to obtain revenue the building of the shops had been hastened and they were let in Julv, t 9oy, but the rentals had to be shared with the contractor. I n A u gust the occupation of the bar was secured, vvhich was a convenience to the members and brought in a satisfactory increase in revenue. T h e C o mmittee also agreed to join with eight other property owners in a scheme inaugurated bv the Corner House for a drainage system with an outlet on the Robinson mynpacht, The cost to the Club was put at L r,@go, but the improved service well justified the expenditure,

T h e m unicipal authorities suggested that a fire

escape was necessary and one was put in at a cost of Xylo . y6

A va c uum

T HE

T H I RD

c I .U I I

H O U SE

cleaning plant was installed in the Club House and numerous minor improvements were introduced wh il e building operations were going on . The lease of the N o rt h

W e stern H o tel expired on October 3 I,

I 9 og,

b ut as the nevv Club H ouse was not ready it w a s extended for a m o n t h . The Club occupied the new premises in December before they were com-

pletely flnished, and members residing in the Club House had to endure some minor inconveniences before the contractors flnally handed over the

building. During the mo~mg the Club Committee met every day, except Saturdays and Sundays, attending to c omfort t o

d e t ails and s t r i ving t o r e d uc e d i s-

a minimum.

The building of the new Rand Club House had aroused a good deal of interest in Johannesburg and when the hoardings were removed The Star reported that " th e b r i l l iant w h ite ot the outside catches the sun and makes t he bui lding one o f t h e m o s t p r o m i nent i n C o m m i ssioner Street, a n d during the day everyone w hose business leads them down t h e s t r eet has

paused to look and admire". T he exterior o f t h e t h i r d C l u b H o use i n I 9 o y w a s very m uch as i t i s to-day, though the i n t er ior has been considerably altered, T h e s t r u c t ure was described as being in t h e F rench Renaissance style, or sometimes as V ictorian " c a rved out i n c e m ent covered bv panels of brick w o r k " .

Most visitors were impressed by the richness and massiveness of the interior .

B u t W . C . S c u l lv , t h e w e l l-known South Af rican traveller and

author, who had hunted blesbok over the Rand before gold vvas discovered, inspected the Club in

I9 I o , a n d w r o t e in o n e o f h is books: " T h e R a n d

Club is an immense stone pile, many storeys high. I n side it is a nightmare o f superfluous ornamentation . wide landing of w h i c h i s

A b o v e t h e vestibule is the fIrst floor , t h e

r e ached bv a d o uble stainvai o n e i t her side of

which men might walk six abreast. T h e l anding is flanked by soaring pillars of imitation porphyry; these are too crowded and far too big even for t h ei r

C y c l opean enviromnent. Co r i n t h ian capitals jostle each o t her

on every side. I t i s an abode for giants, with the details too much crovvded together. It i s a megalomaniac's dream realized; i t i s barbaric, T i t anic, as

exaggerated as the wealth of the magnates who built it. " admitted, however, that " th e place is comfortable".

But S c u lly

THE

Rh N D

CL UB

In June, t9 og, t he Club House was insured for Xi 26,ooo. T h e f u rnitur e insurance was for Kt g,ooo instead of the Ky, r oo when in the old building. The Municipal assessment for rating purposes vvas placed at Kzgo,ooo, but Mr. a u c kland w en t t o t h e V a l u ation C o ur t t o p r o t e s t an d s ecured a r eduction t o X i o o , o oo . T he revenue, however, di d n o t k e e p p ace w it h t h e e x p e nditure. In May, x9og, t h e m e mbers defeated a p r o posal to r a ise th e e n trance fee, b ut in A u g ust t h e s ubscription o f T o w n M e m b ers e l ected o n o r a f t e r October t

w a s r aised to k p r ~ . 6 d . a q u a rter.

I n their r e p or t

f o r t h e t w e lv e m o n ths ended September 3 , r 9 o g , t h e

Committee stated t hat after

allowingXg,ooo for annual redemption of

d ebentures, and f . t , y >6 fo r d e p r eciation of p l ant, f u r n i t u re , e t c. , t h e r e was a net balance on the year of only Xt 6p " t hus justifying the Committee's r ecommendation t o

r a i s e th e a n n ual subscription f o r n e w m e m b er s" .

Twenty-six members had availed themselves of the l if e m embership ofler and the list had been closed. S i nce taking over the nevv Club House the v olume of b u siness had greatly i n c reased " and had i t

n o t b e e n fo r t h e

e xceptionally a d verse t i m e s . . . th e r es u lt s w ' oul d h a v e b e e n m u c h b etter" .

D ur i n g t h e year r Sg members were elected, an increase of ro 9

o n the previous year.

T h e m e m b ership was >,296, o f w h o m y 9 o w e r e

Town.

Deahng with the new building, the Committee said: " Your Committee r eport w it h m u c h satisfaction the c ompletion of th e ne w b u i l ding. T h e

fact of the Club having to remove while the building was still unfinished n aturally c aused m uc h

i n c onvenience, an d v ou r C o m m i t te e t ak e t h i s

opportunity of expressing their appreciation of the consideration and forbearance shown b y

m e m bers under t h ese exceptional conditions, Th e

expenditure on th e new building to date is L.r t r,ooo and it is anticipated that a further K~o,ooo will pr o vide the total sum required.

T h i s includes

architects' fees and represents practically the contract p r ice allowing for altexations and for temporary wor k d one to the old premises in Fox Street t ogether wit h

t h e c ost o f e r ecting th e l i ft .

say that owing t o

Y o u r C o m m i t t e e regret t o

t h e i n creased businessof the dining-room, t he p resent

kitchen accommodation ha s

p r o ve d i n adequate, a s a l s o t h e s e rvants'

T HE

T H I R D c i. U B H O U SE

quarters. T his vvill necessitate at an early date the reconstruction of the Fox Street premises at considerable cost and should receive the immediate attention of the incoming Committee." iiilr. Gordon, the Secretary of the Club, had resigned in June, i9og, and Mr. Spaeth, the Chief Accountant, acted as Secretary vvhile the vacancy was advertised in newspapers all over South Africa. Th e appointment went to Mr. D. F . R obertson, a former Secretary of the New Club. H e had been a member of the Rand Club since t 89y, and it was arranged that his members hip should be held in suspense during his term of of6ce as Secretan:. M r ,

alo

Spaeth»as granted three months' leave on full pay with a bonus of It

and a grant of X io o for his t:rip oversea, during which he undertook to inquire into the possibilitv of engaging Swiss or Belgian servants as it was verv dif6cult to 6nd suitable men locally. During the erection and early occupation of th e

t h ir d C l u b H ouse,

Johannesburg passed through a troubled period which militated against the wortung of the Club on the scale expected. I n

x 9 og there had been an

outbreak ofplague, and in the Johannesburg area eight Europeans, fiftvone Asiatics and Fifteen natives died. I n o r der to clear the insanitarv area or "coolie location" i n w h i c h th e e p idemic began, one t housand six hundred houses and an Indian temple were saturated with paraf6n and burnt.

I n i 9 o 6 t h er e vvas a good deal ol native unrest ending in the

Bambata rebellion in Natal, to the suppression of which the Rand sent two regiments, named the Transvaal Mounted Rifles and the Natal Rangers, while a third was raised through the Lanes. and Yorks. Association bv the

generosity of Abe Bailey and was known as "Bailey's Rosebuds", In i9o6 the new municipal povver station, operated by gas engines, gave endless trouble. L ight and power went off at intervals for weeks together, and the tramway sernce could not be relied on and business men never

knew when their premises might be suddenly plunged into darkness. The Town Clerk, Mr. John Taylor (a member of the Club) was sent to Scotland and fought a legal action against the contractors that went on for two years and 6nallv ended in a verdict for the Town Council with over X4.ooqooo damages.

During Mr. Taylor's absence, Mr. Gus Hartog, then a young advocate,

T HE

R A ND C1 . U S

was appointed Deputy Town Clerk. In

t9 r r he was one of the youngest

M embers of the Rand Club t o b e elected to t h e C o m m i t tee, and he w as

responsible for the introduction of a simple lunch in the main dining-room served for

ts . 6d . N o le s s a p ersonage than Sir L i o n el P hillips gave the

ts. 6d. table his patronage without shaking the foundations of Hollard Street. The cheap lunch experiment went on for three months and then the caterer turned it dowvm, much to the regret of many of the m e mbers. There was a great deal o f u n employment and d i stress in Johannesburg in t 9o6 and t 9 o7, and numbers of men unable to pay for lodgings camped out in M i l n e r Park and i n t h e o pen spaces in th e t o w~ . T h e A u s t r alian Government sent a ship to t ake awav seventy or eightv of its cit izens who were stranded in South A f r i ca .

M a n y m e m b ers of th e C lub c o n t r i b uted

generously to the funds for the unemployed. O n M a rc h

2 g , 1 9 o 7 , J ohannesburg had i t s

w o r s t e x p erience o f t h e

locust plague. E n ormous swarms arrived I'rom the west and darkened the sky. T h e s t reets were inches deep in them and practically all the vegetation in th e suburbs and the parks was destroyed.

T h e i nsects found their

w ay in t h e C l u b H o u se an d t h e s ta8' spent h o ur s sweeping t he m o u t . T owards the end of the vear the Club experienced the first of th e " e a r t h tremors"

w i t h w h i c h t h e t o w n soon became familiar. T h e s h ocks were

often distinctly felt , t h o ugh o w ing t o was not seriously aH'ected.

i t s soli d c onstruction th e b u i l ding

The period of depression aAected the Club, and several of the members h ad to b e s t ruck of f o w i n g t o n o n -payment o f accounts. O n e o f t h e m ultimately asked for re-instatement and when it was refused sued the Club for Xg,ooo damages. Th e case went to the H igh Court and judgment was

given for the Club. T he revenue of th e C l u b w a s aS'ected by th e bad t i m es, and i n r 9 o 6 the overall l oss was

L p , 7 g g an d t h e d e benture issue was increased to

X~ o,9go. By special arrangement Xg,ooo of this was taken by the builder, Mr. Brown, who had previously taken ks,ooo in the Club's debentures. In the i 9 o 6 r e port t h e C o m m i t tee stated that they had obtained plans and estimates for the re-building of the kitchens and servants' quarters in the large amount: F ox Street " b u t o w i n g t o t h e

difh culty of financ ing So

Y HK

required i t

T H IRD

C L U E H D U SK

w a s c o nsidered i nadvisable to p r o c eed w it h t h e s c h eme at

present The Club's electric l i ght p l ant broke dow n i n was found necessary to co nnect wit h A fter r u n ning fo r

D e cember, r 9 o 6 , and it

t h e m u n i c ipal lighting department.

f o u r m o n t h s t h e r e s ults, b o t h a s r e gards cost a n d

efficiency, were found to be so unsatisfactorv that the Committee obtained another engine and dynamo and started the Club plant again. T h e i n stalla-

tion cost k azoo but it was estimated that the expenditure would be covered by the saving effected in less than a year. F inancial p r oblems c o n t i nued t o t r o u b l e t h e C o m m i t t e e an d f r o m J anuary ~, x 9 oy , t h e q u arterly subscription o f a l l T o w n M e m b er s w a s i ncreased to K i

a n d t h e a n nual subscription o f C o u ntry M e m b ers f r o m

three guineas to five guineas. Moreover, it was found impossible to continue the redemption of the debenture issue, and with the consent of the holders

the annual

drawinsgfor the redem ption of both first and second mortgage

debentures were suspended for tw o y ears.

I n No vember, x 9 o 7 , a g e n eral m e e ting o f m e m b ers authorized t h e admission up to March, r 9o8, of one hundred new members and a reduced entrance fee o f t w e n t y -five guineas and also the r e duction of t h e T o w n subscription to f ou r

g u i neas a quarter. T h e a d m ission of ne w m e m b ers

at the reduced entrance fee was extended from time to time and eventually was continued " f o r

the Committee" .

a m o r e o r l ess indefinite period at th e d i scretion of

D u r ing i 9o8 some one hundred and sixty new members

were elected, an increase of one hundred and thirty-seven on the previous year. T h e r e c eipts I r o m s ubscriptions fell away bu t t h er e w a s a l a r ge accession of revenue from e n t rance fees. The elfect of th e d e pression upon the w o r k ing of th e C lu b was shown i n some striking fi gures prepared for t h e m e m bers in th e r e p or t o f t h e Committee on t 9 o8 . In r 9o 8 t h e y ' w er e

I n t 9 o 6 t he gross receipts in the bar vvere k2 t,o3g. K i 6 , > gg . F o o d r e c eipts in r 9 o 6 had been Xc7,a~r I

in r 9o8 t hey were L,t i , k g

. Be d r oo m r e nts in the same period feH from

Xg,gy3 to X z , 8gg. Such accounts were no t c h eerful reading, but t h e Co mm i t tee believed

that the difficulties could be overcome and they still hoped to be able to

Y HK R A N D

ct u B

d o something t o p u t t h e Fo x S t r eet B u i l ding i nt o b e t te r c o n d ition . special general meeting of members was summoned for Februa> p,

A

1909,

q u estion. M r . ]. M . Buckland presided and explained a u t h o r ized b v t h e members, th e C o m m i t t e e h a d d r a w i ngs

to consider th e t hat, d ul v

prepared showing th e alterations and r epairs proposed in t h e Fox St reet p remises which th e C l u b ar chitect estimated woul d c ost about L y , o o o . The Committee made the necessary arrangements for financing the scheme.

Then a difficulty arose with the debenture holders. T hey had agreed to s uspend redemption fo r

t i v o y e ars an d t h e C o m m i t t e e asked t hem t o

suspend redemption ('t g,ooo a vearj fo r

a nother tw o i : ears,

B ut, w en t o n M r . B u c k l and, t h e l a r ger h o l d ers o f t h e b o n d s t h e n i iitimated to t h e C o m m ittee that thev w o uld not b e a ble t o agree to t h e p ostponement of th e redemption unless the Club w o uld undertake not t o s pend more t h an k 2 , goo upon a l t e r ing th e Fo x S t r eet p r e mises. T h e debenture holders employed an expert to examine the Fox Street Building a nd he said t hat th e absolutely necessary portion o f

t h e w o r k c o ul d b e

carried out fo r L,z,goo, but hi s plan included the w or k and first floors only .

u pon t h e ground

I f t h a t w o r k a l one ivere undertaken it w o ul d r aise

t he kitchen fl oo r s ome 2 f t . 6 i n . b u t w o u l d n o t a l l o w f o r r a i sing t h e k itchen ceiling. 6 in.

I t w o u l d t hus reduce the height of th e k i t chen to i o f t .

E v e n w i t h t h e existing height of t h e k i tchen numerous complaints

were made of the heat and foul air i n

w h ich the cooks had to w o rk , and

M. Etellin, th e steward, said that to c arry on the w or k tions now suggested would b e

u n der the condi-

i m p r acticable. T h e b e d r oom space novv

available divas insullicient for th e w h it e vvorking sta8' and the natives vvere l odged in t h e c e l lars under conditions that might b e q u estioned by t h e local health authorities. I f a

p o r t i o n o nl y of the scheme was undertaken

at once, and the remainder at a later date, the cost ivould be greatly increased and the dining-room w o ul d have to be c l osed on tw o separate occasions, each time for a period of w eeks.

The Chairman read a letter from Mr . P . A . T r eeby, who had been asked to give an independent opinion on the building, confirming the Club a rchitect's r e commendations and estimates.

H e a l s o r e ported t hat t h e

largest debenture holders were now prepared to suspend the redemption

T HE

T H I R D C LU B H o u sK

f or another two years provided that three stipulations were complied wi t h . The first vvas that the Commit tee would carefully consider any suggestions for the r e duction of e xpenditure m ade by th e First m o r tgage debenture holders on the Fox Street pr emises before the w or k out.

w a s actually carried

T h e second was that the second mortgage debenture holders would

a lso agree to forgo their r e demption for a fu r t her t w o

y ears. T h e t h i r d

vvas that the subscription of Town M embers should be fixed at four guineas a quarter for afurther year. T hese three stipulations >vere agreed to and t h e r e construction o f t h e Fox Street Building vvas undertaken in

I9 0 9 wi t h M r . G . A . H . D i c k s o n

as architect. T h i r t een tenders were received, ranging from JaInes Thompson's of L S,o99 to C o li n G a b r iel s of L.io,88o. A f t e r s ome changes had been made, Thompson's tender vvas finally accepted for L y , g9y. W Vhiie the k i t c hens wer e b e ing r e built t h e m e m b ers had l u nch a n d dinner provided at the Carlton H o tel f rom A u gust I 6 ,

I 9 o 9 , t o O c t o b er

I 9o9.

The Co m m i t tee's report f o r I 9 o 9 r e c orded t hat t h e a l t erations cons isted of " a n e n t ir e r e-arrangement of th e ol d b u i l d ing, th e erection o f n ew an d H oor of

u p - t o -date k i t c hens w i t h p r o pe r v e n t i l ation t h r o ughout, t h e t h e k i t c hens being r aised to t h e l e vel o f t h e d i n i ng-room t h u s

greatly f'acilitating the service. Commodious accommodation for the sta6' i s also provided bv adding tw o storeys to the building, the upper por t i o n of >vhich 'will be o c cupied by n atives

The rebuilding scheme was finally coinpleted early in I 9io an d t h e t otal cost was K8,982 or p r a c t ically X i , ooo m or e t han the estimate, t h e increase being due t o

" v a r i ou s additions which w er e f o und necessary as

the rebuilding progressed". In this period when a rebuilding plan was carried out at a time of financial d iHIculty,

t h e m e m b ers m u c h a p p reciated th e u n t i r in g e f forts o f t h e

Chairman of the Club, Mr. J. M. Buckland. His portrait was painted by Crosland Robinson at a cost o f X,r 2g and was unveiled at a gathering of Inembers on June g, I 9o9, at w h ich M r . M . D o l d p r o posed, and Mr . R . C urrie seconded, the f o l l o w in g resolution: " T h a t i n t h e o p inion o f t h i s

meeting of members of the Rand Qub, life membership should be con-

T HE

RAN D

C LUB

ferred upon Mr. J. M. Buckland as some recognition of his invaluable services, and that it be an instruction to the Committee to take the necessary steps to give effect to this proposition. The Committee had great pleasure in carrying out th e

mem bers.

i vishes of the

I t was still difficult to balance the accounts, and at the close of 19 i o the Committee pointed out " t hat the volume of business shows no sign o f increase and that unless conditions materially alter fo r

t h e better i t

w ould be unwise to depend upon larger profits in the future" . a nnual meeting that year Mr. F .

At t h e

W . B e l l moved: " T h a t i n v iew of t h e

fact that the report of the Committee gives no promise or expectation of increased profits, excepting through more economical administration, that it be a

r e commendation to th e i n coming Committee t o e n deavour to

effect a saving under the heading of salaries and wages." T h i s vvas carried. As a matter of fact, a number of members migrated to Rhodesia, which accounted for the increase in the Country membership from 207 to z g6. AVater was costing the Club about L90o a year and as one economy it was decided to sink a bore-hale on the property.

W a t e r w as struck at

3ov feet and the Committee reported that the bore-hole " would give an

ample supply for all the Club's requirements and will at the same time efect a considerable yearly saving". On May 31 ,

1 9 i o , t h e C lub H o use was decorated in honour of' the

coming into being of the Llnion of South Africa. L a t er, w hen the Duke and Duchess of Connaught visited johannesburg, the Committee voted L i go for decorations for the Club House. One of the minor worries of the management was the maintenance of an ekcient staff.

W a i t ers were engaged in London, but on reaching the

Rand some of them left before their contracts were completed; and one or two were sued for the return of their passage monev in the hope of persuading the others not to desert. The period was one of great political activity for there .were elections for the Transvaal Parliament in

I 9 0 7 an d for th e U n ion Parliament in

191o. The Club contained members of all parties, including Sir George Farrar, leader of the Progressives, Mr. E . P . Solomon, President of the

THE

T H I R D C LU S H o u s E

T ransvaal National Association, an d M r . F . H . P . Cr e s w ell, a m i n i n g e ngineer who had made an experiment i n w o r k i n g hi s m ine w i t h m o r e white labour and later joined th e Labour Party and eventually became its Parliamentarv leader and a M i n i ster in th e H e r t zog Government. E . P. Solomon was a familiar fi gure i n

the C l ub .

A st o u t m a n w i t h

large spectacles, he was alwavs presented by A. %'. Lloyd, the Sunday Times cartoonist, as Mr. Pickwi ck ; an d the caricature can be seen in several of Lloyd's originals which hang on the avails of one of th e w r i t ing rooms in t he Club H o u se. M r . S o l o m o n w a s M i n ister o f P u b li c W o r k s i n t h e Transvaal Ministry of

I9o7- Io .

He h a d t h e P r e t o r i a- j ohannesburg road

made up and planted vvith trees, and built the first bridge over the Jukskei River, replacing the drift w h i c h i n th e rainy season was often impassable.

All shades of pohtical thought were represented in th e C lub — one member, S. P. Bunting, became in later years a prominent Communistbut those wh o di ff'ered strongly o n p u b li c affairs me t i n t h e f r i e ndl iest s pirit i n

t h e C l u b H o use even at election t i m es, w hen feeling often r an

high and party meetings were extremely rowdy. The arrival of th e m o to r problem .

c a r i n e v er-increasing numbers created a new

T he r e w a s n o t r a ffic c o ntrol d epartInent t h en, and m e m b ers

coming to the Club in their cars used to leave them as close to the entrance a s possible, even if i t

m e ant d o u ble or e ven t r e ble parking. T h e p o l i c e

complained of obstruction in th e street, and a notice vras put up above the

porter's lodge in the vestibule, asking members not to double park in f ront of th e C lu b H ouse. F o r a t i m e t his had a good effect, but then t h e trouble started all over again and another notice appeared: e mbers are again r e q uested not t o

d o u b l e p ar k t h ei r c ar s i n

f ront of t h e C l u b . "

T he ir repressible Head Porter Preston had something to say on t h e subject. O n e o f th e older members was standing in the vestibule and c atching sight o f t h e n e w n o t i c e r emarked to h i m : " P r e ston, wh y i s i t t hat me m b ers wil l n o t o b e y r u l e s' "

"Gawd bless you, Sir," h e

r eplied, "if 'alf of 'e m owned their own

c ars thev w o u l d b e a l i t t l e m o r e c areful w it h ' e m . "

Economic conditions on the Rand had been gradually improving, and

T HE

R h N D C LU B

the report o f t h e C o n unittee at th e en d o f r 9 i i s h o wed t h at after pro viding Xi,33y for the redecoration of the Club House, and L3z9 for special

repairs, there had been a net profit of Lg,3gy. F i rst mortgage bonds of' kg,ooo had been redeemed and second mortgage to the amount of X,i,ooo would be r edeemed in

r9iz.

Red e m p t ion at t h e r at e o f K 6 ,ooo a year

meant an annual saving of kgyo in i n t e rest charges, In i9 i i

t h e C o m m i t tee abandoned the production o f e l ectrical energy

and the Club drew all its supplies from the Municipality. c oupled wit h

T h i s arrangement,

t h e i n stallation o f m e t a l lic fi lament l a mps t h roughout t h e

Club House, resulted in a sang of about L,3oo a year. In April, i9 i i , M r . R o b e rtson " a f t e r o ver f ive years' continuous and z ealous service"

r e signed his position as Secretarv of t h e C l ub .

The r e

were two hundred and twenty-six applications for the vacancy. These were reduced to t h r e e candidates who w er e i n t erviewed by a sub-committee. T he position was given to Mr . A . In i9i z

AS eck.

t h e r e c ame the t w enty-fifth anniversarv of th e f ounding of t h e

Club, and there was a general feeling that the occasion should be celebrated

on a suitable scale. The Committee for the year devoted a good deal of t ime and thought t o

p r eparing fo r t h e c o m memoration, w h ic h t hey r e -

s olved should b e i n

t h e g r and m anner . T h e y e ven c o nsidered the p r e-

p aration of a

c o m m emorative volume r ecording the h i story of t h e C l u b

but "in view of the large expense which might probablv be entailed the r natter was not p r o ceeded wit h " . The celebration was undoubtedly lavish.

F i r s t o f al l a ballot was taken

t o decide w h e t her l a dies w er e t o b e i n v i t ed .

T h i s re s u lted i n 2 8 g

Yes and g6 N o . It wa s , t h e r efore, r esolved to h ave a b all o n F r i day, October zg , t h e t i c k ets t o b e t h r e e g uineas each to i n c l ude one lady, while extra l a dies could b e

i n v i te d a t o n e g u i nea each.

Th r e e -guinea

t ickets were t a ken b y i y g m e m b er s and t h ere w er e ? i r l a d ies. T he exterior o f t h e C l u b H o use was i l l u m inated w it h h u n d reds of e l ectric lights in the form of a star and the numerals r887 — i9i z. A

f o u ntain was

installed outside the dining-room, w h ich was used as a ballroom, and the floral decorations alone cost L.xoo. S u pper was provided on a lavish scale and the w in e l is t even for t h ose expensive times was notable.

T HE T H I R D C t. UB

H O U SE

The names of some of the dances are worth recording as recalling the ballrooms of a bygone generation. T h ere were, of course, only waltzes, lancers and two-steps with a "gallop" to 6nish. Among the waltzes were "Garden of Roses", "Blue Danube" and "Goo-Goo Land". The tvvosteps were " T eddy Bears' Picnic", "Mv W i f e's Gone to the C ountry, Hurrah" and " Y i p-I-Addy-I-Ave" .

T he r e w e r e f ourteen dances in the

main programme and six supper dances. Also of nostalgic interest to l ater generations is the notice of t r af6c arrangements issued by the Secretary, Mr. AIHeck. It was quite an elaborate document dealing in detail w it h

th e disposition of motor cars, private

carriagesand engaged cabs, taxis,motor cars for hire, and 6nally horse cabs for hire.

F o r pedestrians the Committee had considerately come to

an agreement with the M u nicipalitv bv which special trams left Market

Square at 3. r g a.m. for Belgravia, jeppe's Fxtension, Judith's Paarl, Orange Grove, Parktown W e st, Rosebank and Melville.

T h e f a r e vvas

also special — half-a-crown a head regardless of the distance, Reporting on the ball in t h eir next annual report the Committee remarked: " T h e success attending this function was unqualilied." A new pumping service vvas installed for the bore-hole and the cost of

water for ipse was X,32g as compared with Lying in >9ts and 28go in t9to . T he C o m m ittee stated that the yield of w a ter from th e b o reh ole, and it s high standard of e xcellence, had b een maintained. B u t in the following year t hey e x pressed regret t hat

t h e r ecent years of

drought "have had an appreciable efkct upon the supply of water available". In t 9 > 3 t h e l ife membership of the Club was conferred upon Major C. D . H ay, one of its founders and 6rst Secretary. U n fortunatelv he died within a year, During i 9 i 3 ,

i n a d dition t o p aying 26,ooo off mortgages, the Com-

mittee purchased kt,goo First Debentures in the open market for X~,3 t9, which gave them nearly y per cent in the place of the g per cent received

on 6xed deposit and eA'ected a capital saving to the Club of X, saloon and rook rifles, zz8 revolvers, >,8oo rounds of rifle ammunition, y,ooo rounds of saloon and rook rifle axiunumtion, and 9,ooo rounds of revolver ammunition. T h ere were also 9 i carbines stolen though luckily there was no ammunition for t h e m . Firing vvent on in the darkened streets until z o' clock on the Iiiorning of

Saturday, July g, when the crowds gradually went home. The Saturday niorning was bright and sunny, and though the tramwav

senesce had been suspended large numbers of people poured into the centre of t h e

t o wn .

T he r e w e r e o m inous movements in the poorer

suburbs, especially in Fordsburg and Vrededorp, and it was rumoured that

RIOTS

AN D w AR

the miners were preparing to march in with explosives and blow up the of6ces of the mining companies, and also that the town was to be deprived of light and sewerage. Colonel Truter and General O' Brien had remained all night in a room at Marshall Square police barracks. The police force was almost exhausted, and though the South Staffordshire regiment, stationed at Potchefstroom,

had been sent for, the fate of the town depended mainly on the Royal Dragoons. The Government swore in special constables to augment the forces of law and order, and a small squad of these volunteers, under the command

of Mr. C. F. Stallard, K.C., who had served in the C.LV. and Paget's Horse during the Boer V4r, was told off' to defend the Rand Club area; but later in the day General Buon assumed control there.

As midday approached an uglv hooligan element began to move into the centre of the t ow n and the police and D ragoons patrolling the streets were stoned. A

l a r ge crowd collected in central Lovedav and Commis-

sioner Streets, and it was reported that an attack on the Rand Club was

contemplated. About lunchtime a party of police marched to Leslie Simpson's gun shop and began to remove the remaining stock of Are-arms and ammuni-

tion. This seemed to enrage the mob, ivho suddenly attacked the Club House. At the moment the premises were not guarded by police or military, and before anything couM be done the rioters smashed the benches at the entrance to the Club House and then forced their way into the vestibule

and porter's lodge and did some damage and tried to set lire to the premises. The sta8', with members of the Club, managed to barricade the stairs and eject the intruders, who rejoined the mob outside and threw stones and

fired shots at the Club windows. A piece of Hying glass cut the ear of Professor Edgar, the editor of the

Tr a nsvaal Eeader,who was talking to

Mr. Charles Chudleigh in the vestibule of the Club. All the Club doors and windows were closed and hoses were arranged as a protection against Fire —The 5(ar oSces had been burnt by lighted rags

soaked in para8in thrown into the building, though two explosions suggested that some sort of incendiary bomb was also used.

As the mob outside the Club did not disperse, about t go Dragoons were sent to protect the building. T hey were received with a shower of stones and some revoher shots, L i e utenant Turner had his chin cut bv a bullet that came from the corner of Commissioner and Loveday Streets, but he remained at his post. The crowd niade threatening moves towards the Cl u b, and a t a b out z o'clock a miner named J. L. Labuschagne dashed in front of the mob and seemed to be about to charge the soldiers unaided. F i nallv he flung open his overcoat shouting "Shoot me." Shoot one!"

T h e c r ow d began

to advance behind him and an attack on the Club seemed to be imminent. The soldiers were ordered to lie prone and open fire; Labuschagne fell, shot through the heart, and there were many casualties among the crowd. The rioters broke and fled and the street was cleared and ambulances began to arrive to pick up the dead and wounded. It is perfectly clear from all the evidence available that the members in the Club House acted strictlv on the defensive. T hey ejected the intruders in the first rush and were ready to resist an attack, but they took no aggressive action. It is necessary to stress this point because a rumour was widely circulated at the time that a member of the Club (Mr. Charles Chudleigh) had fired two shots from the roof into the crowd.

T h e story was believed

bv some of the rioters who proceeded to break the windows of Mr. Chudleigh's business premises in Elof Street. The story was a complete fabrication as everybody who knew Mr. Chudleigh assumed from the start.

I n an interview with the Rand Daily .41ail,

Mr. Chudleigh said: " Yes, I have heard that our premises were wrecked because I had used a rifle at the Rand Club and shot mv fellow-mortals. It is an infamous falsehood. H ere are the facts. I aiwavs, or nearly ahvays, go home to lunch. O n S a turday, in consequence of the disturbed state of a8airs, I ~vent to lunch at the 14nd Club bv mvself. It was shortly after one o' clock. I m e t M r . W i l l iam Anstey in the vestibule and we sat at the same table.

W e w e r e a h nost through lunch when I h eard a great

commotion in the street. I

w e n t to one of the front windows and saw a

force of policeand a wagon removing arms and goods from a shop. I saw a crowd gathering and some hooting followed.

I r e t urned to the lunch

WIDT S

AK D

w hR

table and Mr. A n stey and I were among the last to leave the dining-room. "W e w er e having co8ee in th e vestibule when all o f a s udden I heard t he sound of b r eaking glass and a r oar f r o m t h e c r o w d .

I r u- h e d w i t h

others to the f r on t w i n dow o v erlooking Loveday Street and from t h ere I saw the riot .

I s a w t h e m i l i tary arrive and I saw the shooting, and for an

hour I was a passive spectator. I

n e ver had a weapon in my hand, I n e ver

handled a riHe or r e volver, as is alleged. I

w i s hed to l eave the Club and

r eturn to m y b u siness, but nobody could leave the Club p r emises. I g o t tired of seeing the r ushes of the people, the charges of the m i l i tary, and the firing, so I w en t d ow n t o t h e Secretary's room . I s m o k ed a cigar in h is room and about half-past four I go t ou t o f th e building .

I w ent home

before dark and learnt afterwards that the people had attacked mv premises smashing certainly X i , goo w o r t h o f

p l a t e glass and doing o t her damape.

I onh wish to add that I am guiltless of the charge of firing on the people, that I have no son, and that my b r o t her Sam Chudleigh is not a member of the Rand Club and has never in his l ife been in the Rand Club." A clear account of the w hole incident was given bv Mr . assistant hall porter .

F r eeman, then

H e said: " W e h a d been warned that an attack vvould

be made on the C lu b on the previous night so vve kept a sharp look-out. Nothing occurred u n ti l

j u s t a b out h a l f -past one o n Saturday afternoon.

Some wagons came into L oveday Street and I saw arms and goods being moved out o f a

s ho p d i rectly o pposite our m ain entrance. T h e w a gons

were escorted by police — no soldiers — but a great crowd quickh gathered.

A few men came over tothe Club and someone smashed a v;indow in the stained glass near the main entrance, I a t once telephoned to marshall Square. There were very fe~ members of the Club present— they were all at l u nch .

Be f o r e t h e p o l ice ar r i ved some half-dozen men started to

smash our windows .

T h e y are all small panes of' stained glass. They tri ed

to get into the C lub but the doors were closed. Some men, however, did enter the m ain v estibule and smashed some glass in the i n ner doors and in the porter' s ro om , but by the t im e th e police and military arrived thev had cleared o ut .

W e pu t ma t t r esses and blankets against th e b r o k en

windows and they stopped a lot o f b o t t l es and stones and even bullets.

"I saw Mr . Charles Chudleigh come into the Club just before one

'rHK R h N D

C LU B

o' clock. He had lunch and when the shooting started he went to one of

t he front windows and in common with many others looked on. I w i l l swear he had no weapon in his hand. He never 6red a shot." Six other oKcials of the Rand Club were interviewed bv the Press and they all stated that Mr. Chudleigh never handled a weapon of anv kind. Mr. Chudleigh himself oR'ered a reward of Xgoo to anyone who could produce evidence leading to the conviction of the originators of the canard.

During the upheaval the Club supplied meals to the special constables on dutv at the Club House, and the o%cers of the Royal Dragoons, ioth H ussars and the StaHordshire and Bedfordshire regiments were m a de

honorary members during their stay in Johannesburg. The Club ordered f rom England an exact r eproduction of the glass broken in

the main

entrance doors, and paid Xgy for mending the windows in the shops in the Club building. The Committee tried to insure the Club House for Ki oo,ooo against riot but found the premium demanded far too high, and as the situation in th e

t ow n r apidly improved no e x tra insurance was

taken out. Two special night-watchmen were engaged. T he Committee " r esolved that no o%cial statement be made bv t h e Club as to the events of the past few days and that Colonel Byron be re-

appoted in

quested not to nake any statement". A Judicial Commission was

by the Government to inquire into the riots, and the Club Committee

prepared evidence to give before it, but 6nally decided not to take any further action in the matter. In their report for the year i 9 i g, the Committee stated: "Your Committee regret that as the result of an inexplicable attack upon the Club

during the labour disturbances in July last the Club was involved in an expenditure amounting to Ego s.3,3. This amount has been charged in the accounts of the past vear and a further small sum has still to be expended

which will appear in the accounts of the current vear. During this period of unrest your Committee were faced with the serious question of adequately

safeguarding the property of the Club by means of a special insurance, but owing to

t h e p r ohibitive rates demanded for this purpose your Com-

mittee did not feel justified in undertaking an expense which would have

involved a heavy drain upon the Club's resources."

R 1OT S

AN &

W hR

The conflict outside the Rand Club brought the worst oI' the rioting to an end.

T h e s t r ikers threatened to secure dynamite and bombs to use

against the troops, and General Botha and General Smuts rushed over from Pretoria and met the strike leaders at the Carlton Hotel.

A " t r u ce" w as

proclaimed and some of th e I .abour leaders went into

t h e streets and

appealed to the crowds to disperse as a "settlement" had been reached. As a rnatter of fact, the Ministers had agreed to all the demands of the strike leaders. I t w as stated in later years that they had given way at the point of a revolver and would have been shot had there been no settlement. The Ministers always denied the story, and there is no reason to believe it. T hey agreed to a settlement on the terms put forward because at the moment it was the only way of ending a very serious situation in view of the small number of men they had available for the continuation of the

struggle. An o&cial r eturn showed that th e casualties unong the public were zi Europeans, 9 Indians and 6 Natives killed, and 6g Europeans and yi non-Europeans injured. In the Government forcesthere were 3 Europeans killed and 2i6 injured. I t w as noted that only one in four of the persons arrested during the riots were nuners. The upheaval w'as largelv the work

of the hooligan element in the town. A Judicial Commission, consisting of Sir Johannes vessels and Mr. Justice Ward, inquired into the troubles and found that the military in opening Fire did no more than they were

bound to do. Sir George Farrar, a member of the Rand Club, sued Mr. W. 8. Madeley, a Labour M.P., in the Cape High Court for slander over allegations made

concerningthe part he played in the strike and was awarded Xgoo damages and costs. Industrial unrest continued, and in January, x9iy, there was a strike on the State-owned railways and it was feared that there would be a

repe tition

of the r 9i 3 upheaval. W ith the authorization of the Government, a Citizen

Defence Force was formed in Johannesburg. Colonel C. L. Andersson, a member of the Rand Club, was in command, and Colonel James Donaldson was responsible for the equipment and rationing of the force, which was raised for the patrolling of the suburbs in order to release police for other

T HE

Rh ND

CL U B

duties. A b ody z,goo strong divas formed and many members of the Club joined it.

In the Club itself, Captain H. Bettelheim oHered to take charge of any force raised for the defence of the premises; a notice was posted calling for volunteers and there vvas an excellent response. A t the suggestion of the Municipal Fire Department an additional length of Fire hose vvas purchased and the 6re appliances in the C lub H ouse were overhauled and

additional sand-bags were bought, But the Government were not going to be caught in the weak position t hey were in at the time of the i 9 i g strikes. O n Januarv 9 a proclamation was issued calling out all units of the Active Citizen Force and the

Burgher Commandos in ten magisterial districts round the Rand, while t he S.A.M . R. , brought i n

w h o i n t h ose days policed the country districts, we re

f r o m a w i d e a r ea , i n cluding some squadrons from o t h er

Provinces. The Federation of T r ades, hvhich had its headquarters in th e

T r ades

Hall in Smal Street a little east of the Empire Theatre, took over control and declared a general strike. T h e leaders sat in permanent session in the

Trades Hall, vvhich was strongly guarded by their follohvers, with doors barricaded and a large supply of broken bottles as ammunition in the event of a police raid. At the request of the Government a Committee of Public Safety was

formed in Johannesburg with the Mayor, Mr .

N o rman Anstey, as Chair-

man, to ensure supplies for the town and prevent the raising of prices.

During the night of Januarv i~ th e G overnment took drastic action, The entire district was placed under martial Iavv. N o

v ehicle could use

the streets without a permit, and the movements of pedestrians were cont rolled.

N o mo v e ment f rom on e m agisterial district to a n other w as

allowed, so that there could be no inAux of men from the R eef towns

into Johannesburg as there was in i 9 i 3 . T h e u n lawful use of explosives was made punishable by death, No person vvas allowed outside his place of residence between 8 p .m . and g a.m. w i t hout a permit.

com panies

B u siness in

and banks and the town came to a standstill. Many mining commercial houses were garrisoned at night by armed members of their

R JoT S

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%VAR

sta8'. Th e c o ntents of the gunsmiths' shops were removed by the police and stored at M arshall Square barracks. T wice detectives had tried t o r u sh th e entrance to t h e T r ades Hall t o arrest thestrike leaders, but had been driven back by the defenders who were said to number two hundred. O n T h u rsdav,Januarv ~ g, the Governm ent marched a large force of po l ice and burghers into the centre of t h e t o»~ and erected barriers across all the streets for tw o b l o cks round th e Trades Hall, t hus isolating the stronghold of the Federation of T rades. Included in

t h i s f o rce was one r g-pounder Q.F. gun of the Transvaal Horse Artillery under the command of Lieutenant C. D . H e l y-Hutchinson, a member o f t h e R and C l ub . T he g u n w a s t rained on a c o r ner of t h e

Trades Hall in such a way that it could have blown in part of the building w ithout endangering other p r e mises in th e street .

Co l o n e l T r u t er , t h e

ofhcer in c o m mand of the area, then sent a message to the strike leaders

giving them two hours in which to surrender, with the threat that if they did not comply the gun would be used and the building taken bv force. At t . 5 0 p . m .

t h e l eaders in the hall decided to surrender, and a strong

body of pol ice w it h 6 xed bayonets formed up at th e e n trance to the hall and surrounded the men as they came out and marched them o8' to Marshall Square police barracks,

O t h e r t r ade union oS cials were arrested at their

homes and th e s t r ik e c o llapsed.

On the night of January 28 nine of th e strike leaders were taken from the Fort an d p l aced on a special t r ain w h ich ran d i r ect t o t h e d o cks at Durban. There they were put on board the S.S. Umgeni, which»as lying vrith st eam up, and sailed at once for London with i n structions net to call

anywhere during the voyage. A n appeal to t h e deportations.

H i g h C o ur t i n P r e t oria could do n o t hing to stop t h e

T w o m e m b ers of t h e R and Club w i t h L a bour sympathies,

Mr. F. H. P. Creswell (»ho later became a member of Hertzog's Union Cabinet) and Mr. F. A. W. Lucas (in later years a Judge of the Transvaal Division of the Supreme Court ), hurried to Cape Town and chartered a steam launch and tried to intercept the Ungeni and bring back the prisoners,

but they failed to reach the ship and the men were eventually landed in London.

T HE

RAN D c l u S

The nine strike leaders had been deported without a trial and conviction, and the Labour Party made good use of the Government's drastic action

in the Transvaal Provincial Council elections in the following March, and with the exception of Parktown and Yeoville won every seat on the Rand a nd gained control of the C o uncil.

A m o ngst those returned were t w o

members of the Rand Club — Mr. S. P. Bunting as a Labourite, and Mr. Gus Hartog as a Unionist; thus showing once more that divergent political

views did not disturb the harmony of the Club. There was no attack on the Club during the r9i g strikes. Precautionary measures were, however, taken in view of the unhappy experience in the

prerious year. During the height of the crisis in January, the Chairman (Mr. Buckland) and Messrs. L. B. Chesterton, F. C. Bigger, S. C. Mosel and P. Hertslet were appointed as a Vigilance Committee with power to act in any emergency. B arricades were erected to protect the basement

lights of the shops in the Club building, and two special night-watchmen were engaged. When the crisis was over the members and sta6' of the Club who had acted as special constables were thanked for their services, and Captain Bettelheim for undertaking command; the barricades were removed, the

services of the night-watchmen dispensed with and the Rand Club quickly resumed its ordinary way of life.

The following appeared in the report of the Committee at the end of the vear:"The Committee regretted that an expenditure of L6gg appeared under the heading 'Special Expenditure — Strike'. The principal item of expenditure was the cost of a special insurance taken out at L loyd's in January last which, after full consideration and in view of the serious out-

look at the tiine and the experiences of the precedingJuly, it was deemed advisable to effect."

Early in i 9ig it had been found that the profits of the Club were falling and the debentureholders were approached and agreed to the redemption of thirty-five debentures of the first issue instead of fiftv and the suspension of the redemption of the second issue for the year.

ln August new problems had to be faced arising from the outbreak of the First World War. As soon as hostilities began the Committee posted notices:

R I OT S

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('i) Exempting from payment of subscriptions members of the Club absent from Johannesburg on active service.

(2) Prohibiting the introduction as visitor of persons who w e re subjects of Germany or Austria-Hungary, and requesting members of the Club who were subjects of Germany or Austria-Hungarv to abstain from the use of the Club during the period of the vvar. Some of the bedrooms in the C lub H ouse were closed and the staR'

reduced, and throughout the conRict the Club was run upon increasinglv austere lines.

F i r e p o licies held by G e rman firms were t ransferred to

British 6rms without any further premiums. One di%culty that faced the Rand Club at the opening of the war mas the presence of m embers of G erman o r

A u strian nationality, some of

whom had been active in its administration for years and had been most

figh ting

helpful during the Anglo-Boer War. O n e at least had a son on the side of the Allies, and two had given their residences in England for hospitals for troops. There were immediate demands that enemy subjects ought to be called upon to resign, but the Committee replied that a request to resign could only be made in t e rms of the rules of the Club and the reason for the request then preferred did not fall w i t hin those terms.

M o r e over, the

legal advisers of the Cl ub gave the opinion that it was not competent to alter the rules to cancel or suspend the membership of existing members

who mere enemy subjects. As the war lengthened feeling on the point grew strong, and on September 8, >9)6, a special general meeting of members was held to consider the

following as an addition to the rules of the Club: "Any member of the Club who is a subject of a Power with which Great Britain is at mar shall be requested by the Committee in writing, through the Secretary, to r esign his membership of th e C l ub, and

failing due compliance with such request within twenty-one days lrom the posting of the same to his last known address, shall be deemed to be no longer a member of the Club and shall be struck off the list of members thereof."

Mr. Buckland, vvho presided at the meeting, read correspondence

T HE

R AAD

betiveen the C o mmittee and al l

CL U B

t h e r e c iprocal clubs in South A f'rica

explaining the various methods adopted by t hese clubs in dealing ivith the subject, and reported that since the outbreak of war some tiventy-Ave enemy subjects had ceased to be members of the Rand Club by resignation or default and there remained approximately tiventv-eight more ivho ivere still on the list of members.

H e a d ded that a t i ve-thirds majority ivas

necessary to create a neiv rule. Mr. Buckland moved the neiv rule and Col. R. A . Bettington seconded. Messrs. Scott S. Piercy and W a l ter S. W e b ber o p posed the. resolution as being un-British, but i t i v as carried with o nl v seven dissentients out of an attendance of about one h u ndred and sixty. O n O c t ober 3 a

special meeting of P r o p r i etary M e m bers ivas held t o

consider the same resolution .

A l e t t e r i v as read f r o m Mr , C . v a n B c ek

protesting against the pr oposed new r u le, bu t unanimously. The annual report f o r

t h e r e solution ivas carried

t 9 > y s h o wed t hat t w e nt y e n emv subjects had

f ailed to c o m ply i v it h t h e r e q uest to r esign and had been struck of f t h e l ist.

S e v e ral e n emy s u bjects, acting u n der l e gal advice, co n t i nued t o

t ender t h ei r s ubscriptions and asked for r e c eipts and i nsisted that t h e i r

membership could not be broken despite the passing of the rule. T he Commi t tee also thought i t the portraits of the late H . there for years.

a d visable to w i t h d raiv f ro m t h e i v a l ls

E c kstein and j . G . S c hultze, ivhich had been

N o t u n t i l N o v em'ver, s 9 2 r , ivere the portraits restored

to the walls. As the war lengthened the Club's revenue fell heavily and even the rent o f the shops had to be reduced " t o m eet prevailing abnormal conditions" . The Committee agreed ivith the debenture holders to make full redemption for I 91 6, after i v hich t h e re i v as to be a t o t al s uspension of re demption for the period of the war and six months thereafter. The original debenture debt ivas kt6o,9go but it had been reduced to X,t s 6,9go, thereby effecting an annual saving in interest charges of X2,68o. At the end of Country to ? I ' , ln t 9 > y

t 9 i 6 t h e T o w n m embership had fallen to 68> and the i n b o t h cases the lowest for years.

r e presentations ivere xnade to th e C o mmittee regarding the 100

RIOT S

AVD

«V A R

use of the Club by members obviously of military age, and a special general meeting «vas called at «vhich a r e solution «vas moved " t h a t n o s u bject of Great Britain or of her A l l ies «vho is eligible for naval or military service b ut is not in such service shall be eligible as a candidate for Inembership" . T his gave rise to a lengthy discussion on the meaning of " e l i g i ble" the position of " i n d ispensable" men on the m i nes, etc. adjourned for f o urteen days.

and

T h e m e eting «vas

W h e n i t « vas resumed the resolution «vas

passed ««ith the insertion of the «vords "in th e opinion of the Committee"

before "eligible". A requisition, signed by forty members, «vas received asking for a special meeting t o

c o nsider " t h e a d o ption o f o n e m e atless and one b u t t erless

d ay each «veek «vhile the scarcity of f ood c o n t i nues in England in that as much as possible mav be available for export .

order

T h e actual quantity

of these saved «vould not necessarily be great but other clubs might follow t he example and members mav also wish to do the same in their homes" . The resolution «vas carried unanimously «vith the addition of the «vords: "An d f u r t her t hat t h e C o m m i t tee o f t h e C l u b s h ould co-operate «vith o ther institutions and bodies «vith a vie«v to i n ducing them to act o n t h e s ame lines. "

l t vv a s a l s o d e cided t hat t h e C o I n m i t tee should ge t i n

touch «vith th e Recruiting C o m m i t tee and ascertain ho«v the Club could

help it. A special general meeting «vas held in June, I 9 I 8 , t o c o n sider t h ese questions and the C h airman (' Mr. Buckland ) said that i t «vas found t h at there «vas an abundance of m eat and butter i n t h e c o u ntrv available for export,

b u t t h a t t h e w h o l e m o v e ment w a s d e pendent u po n s h i p ping

tonnage of «vhich there vvas no prospect of an> being available for some months.

T h e C o m m i t te e «vas therefore authorized to suspend the opera-

tion of t h e r esolution fo r m e atless and butterless days and to rei n t r oduce the plan at a l ater date i f

f o un d desirable.

T he C h airman also r e p o r ted t hat a s a r e s ul t o f i n t e r vie«vs v it h t h e R ecruiting Com m i t tee, a l ist had been prepared of members of th e C l u b estimated to b e w i t h i n t h e m i l i t ary age and giving such particulars as to marriage, etc,, as «vere available.

T h i s had b een sent: to the R e c r uiting

Committee, IOI

'THE

R hN D

cLUS

It was stated that the Club had paid out Sr ,goo to various war funds. It was decided to subscribe kg> r os. to

t h e G o vernor-General's Fund.

This subscription was continued until the end of c9s9 and then a further

donation of 3go guineas was made to the Fund. Over two hundred members of the Club went on nationalservice, and eighteen were ki l led in a ction or d ied of wounds or sickness. T he 6 r s t

to fall was Colonel Sir George Farrar, D.S.O., one of the leading men in the gold mimng industry. He was killed in May, r9tg, in a railway collision while serving in German South West Africa. Colonel C. L. Andersson, one of the auditors of the Club, was reported Obituary notices recounting his career

to have been killed in France.

a ppeared in the Rand newspapers of December z, x 9 x6, and Mr . L , A .

Whiteley was elected auditor in his place. Happily he had not been killed but taken prisoner, and in due course he returned to Johannesburg and continued his many useful activities until his death. In memory of the members who lost their lives in the war a b ronze tablet, designed bv Mr. A .

van W ouw and Mr . F r ank Emley, was set in

the wall on the landing of the main staircase. It bore the following names:

H. G. Allingham Ben Auret

Walter Bridges J. D. Cars~veil Eugene Callens G. A. H. Dickson

T. A. Glenny R. G. Ross C. A. Madge Robert McNee Wm. M o r timer

P. B. Eastwood

F. A. D. H . M oseley H. Pic kburn

George Farrar

H. E. Saner

W. F.. Ferryman

F. J. Trump

r9zg, by the Chair man of the Club, Mr. J. M. Buckland, in the presence of a large number of members. Mr. Buckland made a most feeling address. T he tablet was unveiled on Thursdav, October r 8 ,

Later there was printed a Club memorial book inscribed "In M emorv

of Those, %'ho Gave Their Lives in the Great %'ar MCMXIV — MCMXVIII". It was beautifully printed and bound in heavy covers. I t contained photog raphs and short biographies of those who feII, and a summary of t h e

R lOYS A N D

whR

remarks of the Chairman at the unveiling ceremonv. Several copies of the hook are in the Club library. After the conclusion of peace the members decided to t h ro w t h e C l ub House open to ladiesfor one evening for a dinner and dance.

The problems arising from t h e

f o r mer membership of t hose who

were classed as enemy subjects during th e wa r

w o r r i e d t h e C o m m i tt ee

f or a long time after the end of th e w a r . At a special general meeting held on February I c, > 9 < 9, a resolution was

passed altering the membership rule by the addition of the following vvords: "No p erson who is a subject of a country w ith w h i c h G reat Britain was at war at any time between Au g h t ,

I 9 a g , and N o vember, ~9x8,

shall be eligible as a candidate for election to membership." There were f o r t y-Eve votes for th e alteration and four against, and the Chairman declared the alteration carried .

I t b e c ame one of th e r u les of

the Club and applied to honorary members also. But the Durban Club, which had reciprocity with the Rand Club, went further and adopted the following new rule: "No person of German, Austrian, Turkish or Bulgarian birth shall be admitted t o

m e m bership of t h e C l u b o r t o t h e u s e t h ereof as a

Reciprocity or Honorary member or be introduced bv a member."

At a special meeting of the members of the Rand Club on June 27, I919, the Chairman ( Mr. Buckland) pointed out that under the new r u l e

of the Durban Club forty-six members of the Rand Club were afkcted and were debarred from entrance to the Durban Club as reciprocal

members. Thus the question of dignity and self-respect had to be cons idered.

T h e p o s i t ion c reated by t h e D u r ban C l ub's r u l e w o ul d b e an

undigni6ed one t o a ccept and the C o m m i t tee took th e v ie w t hat f u r ther reciprocity

w i t h t h e D u r b a n C l u b w a s n o t a c ceptable .

moved: "That r e c iprocitv w i t h

H e the r e f ore

t h e D u r ban Club be cancelled."

A n amendment t o d efer th e m atter " u n t i l t h e general question be r econsidered"

w a s d e feated and th e r e solution was carried b v f o r t v -eight

v otes to t w o .

(Reciprocity with the Durban Club was not re-established until January, >93' ) 103

T HE

RA N D C LU B

Then as the strong feelings provoked by the war began to die aivay manv of the members of the Club felt that rules regarding enemy subjects were too drastic.

T h e r e w e re, however, diH'erences of opinion on the issue

and the controversy. raged for a long time. O n April 3 ,

i 9 ? g, a special general meeting of members was held "t o

consider the desirability or othenvise of ending the rules passed bearing on the subject o f

e n emy subjects" .

T he r e w e r e 6 f t y-four members

present. T h e C h a irman(Mr. B uckland) explained that the C ommittee made no recommendation but felt that the matter was one to be decided

by the generalbody of members. Colonel R. A. Bettington then moved, and Mr. H. M .

T aberer seconded,

a resolution excising the ivords in the rules banning the subjects of countries with which Great Britain had been at war. Mr. E .

H o m ersham moved, and M a jor A . V . L a n gton seconded, an

amendment deferring action for six months, The amendinent v,as defeated and the resolution carried by t w entynine votes to four, and the Chairman declared that the alteration in the rules had been carried by the necessary two-thirds majority, But on Mav 8 another special meeting was called to consider the alteration of the rules. The Chairman moved, and Mr. Claude Simpson seconded, a resolution approving the alteration of tl:e rules.

A f t e r some discussion

Mr. Homershain moved, and Mr. S. W. W i lls seconded, a motion that the vote be by ballot and not by show of hands. T h e

m embers decided

on a ballot and when it was taken it was found that the voting divas twenty for the resolution and twenty-eight against and the Chairman declared the resolution lost. This was followed by a requisition for another special general nieeting \vhich vvas held in January, i 9 z 6, when one hundred and sixty-three members attended. Mr . C . F . Stallard moved the acceptance of the alteration of the rules and Mr. H . G .

L . P anchaud seconded. A r e quest for a

ballot did not receive sufficient support and a vote by show of hands was taken and the resultannounced as one hundred and thirty-four for the

alteration of the rules and fifteen against. The Chairman then declared the rule altered accordingly. I 04

t

;I

, IR% I l

k

$

6oth .3nnivcrcari. Ball.

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h N D W AR

T he vote divas regarded as decisive and there was no fu r ther attempt t o raise the question.

T h er e w as, however, a feeling that the Club had not

g one far enough, and at t h e a n nual general meeting o n N o vember s 6 , 19)6, it was proposed bv Mr . ]. Frank Brown that " t h i s meeting indicates t o the C o m m i t tee that some action should be t aken t o r e -admit o r r e i nstate those persons who ceased to be members by reason merely of t h e f act that t hey w ere enemy subjects, such action t o b e l ef t t o t h e C o m mittee to d ecide T he resolution was carried u nanimously, and i n

a c c o rdance wit h t h e

i nstruction a special meeting vvas held on February x7 , i 9 z y , b y o r d e r o f' the Commi ttee to c onsider t h e n ew rule : "Th e C o m m i t t ee shall have p opoverto r e - i nstate and r e - admit

foll owing

w ithout r e - election m e m bers wh o b eing enemv subjects during t h e Great VL'ar resigned or were struck off' the list of members, M e m b ers s o re-instated and r e - admitted shall n o t b e l i a b l e f o r a n y a r r e ar subscriptions." The Chairman (Mr . B u c k land) t ol d m embers that i t w a s the i n t ention o f' the Co m m i t t ee, i f t h e p r o p osed new r u les w er e adopted, that t h e r e should be no discrimination between the various parties affected but t h at e ach of them on signifying his desire to resume membership of the C l u b should thereupon be reinstated. H e

d ealt vvith the opposing views, which

he understood were held in the Club, and expressed the hope that members would consider the proposal now submitted as a right and proper one; not o nly as j u stice t o

t h e p a r t ies affected but o n e v e n h i gher ground t h an

that — justice to t hemselves.

H e m o v ed the resolution.

Mr. J. D a le L ace seconded, and the resolution w as carried by fffty-one votes to t h r e e. Llnder the provisions of the new r u le, t w enty-eight members intimated their desire to resume their m e mbership and were accordingly reinstated; eight had p r eviouslv died ;

f i v e d eclined reinstatement; and i n t e n c ases

no response was made. Voil e

t h e c o n t r oversy over t h e q u estion of e n emy subjects had been

o ccupying t h e

t i m e a n d a t t e n t ion o f t h e C o m m i t t ee , t h e p r o b le m o f

b alancing the accounts of the Club had become increasingly difficult.

At

T HE

R A N D C LU S

a special meeting on June 8, r 9>9, Mr. Buckland explained that the employees of the Club had had to be given higher wages, which increased the wages roll by Xz,ooo. H i gher customs duties an spirits meant an increased expenditure of K~,ooo a year, while the cost of food had also risen. The Club therefore required additional revenue of K3,ooo a year. An increase of a guinea in the quarterly subscription would produce approximately L3,ooo, an i n crease of gd. a t o t o n s p irits would gi ve

Kz,goo and an advance af6d. per meal would yield X~,zoo. Alter a long discussion an ways and means it was agreed on the motion

of Mr. J. Frank Broom, seconded by Mr. J. A. Vaughan, that the subscription should be increased to Lza a year for one year, after which the

question should be reconsidered. The entrance fee, which had remained at the reduced figure of Xz6 gs. since December, r 9oy, was, from August 2 z I 91 9 r aised to kg2 .

O n F e b ruary r , t 92 o, t h e e ntrance fee was

further increased to Kgy igs. (the maximum under the rules at that time)

which increased the receipts by Lz,6>g. The subscription of K?s a year was continued from time to t i m e. Another matter that received attention during the hvar years and the

first years of peace was the position of the alder members of the Club. In their r eport for

r 9 s 8 t h e C o mmittee stated that the question af

recognizing the standing of the Foundation and older members of the Club had been the subject of consideration by the Committee for years. The Club had now been in existence for thirty-one vearsand the Committee felt the time had arrived to take some initial step. Th ey therefore

recommended the following proposals: (~) That Honorary Life Memberships be conferred upon t w e l ve members of the Club taken in order of senioritv of membership. (z) That upon one of the foregoing twelve ceasing to be a member, Honorary Life Membership shall automaticallv devolve upon the next senior member..

(p) That the question of seniority shall be determined by the Committee for the time being.

The Committee also proposed that Honorary Life Membership be conferred upon Mr. Colin J. Watson "as a measure of recognition of his long ao6

R IOT S

A N D W'h R

and valuable service to the Club as Committee-man and Deputy Chairman".

The proposal to confer life membership upon Mr. Watson was carried unammously. On the general proposal, however |'to which the Committee was not

wedded), there was a long discussion and Anally on the motion of Mr. Emile Nathan, seconded by Mr. J. A. Vaughan, the matter was referred back to the Committee with a recommendation to submit further proposals

to a special meeting. The special Ineeting was held in Februarv, r 9 i 9 ,

~vhen the following

resolution was carried unanimously: "The Committee mav confer Honorary Life Membership on any member for such reasons as may to them appear su%cient, such as seniority and residence, provided that the number of Life M e mbers shall not exceed twelve at any one time." ln NoveInber, l 9 I o , i t

w a s proposed that the qualiFication for absentee

membership should be absence for a period of not less than twelve months. The Chairman estimated that the change would bring in additional revenue of Xsoo to Xr,ooo a year and said that "i t w as only from revenue from sources such as this that relief from the present heavy Town subscription

could be found". On a vote,however, the proposal was defeated. The quiet progress of the Club after the First World War was interrupted bv another upheaval on the Rand, ivhich was known as the Red Revolt.

VII B etvveen two W o r l d W a r s T he close o f t h e F i r s t W o r l d W a r w as followed by industrial unrest over a great part of the globe. I n S o ut h Africa some of t h e

t r ad e u n i ons came under B o lshevik i n fluence and a

w ave of strikes swept across the count:rv. Fo r a few days in March, t 9 s 9 , even the Municipal administration in Johannesburg passed into the hands o f a so-called Board of Control avho ran the trams and governed the tow n Throughout r 9>o and > 9z s t h ere were incessant strikes.

Then in January, s92z, the Federation of Tr a de Unions declared a mine strike and began to drill and arm commandos of workers for the ostensible purpose of maintaining order.

T h ese bodies, however, marched through

the streets assaulting natives and pulling out

t h e w o rkers in di H 'erent

industries. Fi n ally, a C o u ncil o l' Action, c om posed of the m ost e xt r e me leaders, took command of the strike movement and the situation took a very dangerous revolutionarv turn and suggestions were made for overthrowing the Government and setting up a republic. The Rand Club Committee insured the Club House against riot damage from February, s9zs, t o F e bruary, s922, for E go,ooo at a premium of L6oo.

B u t vvhen that expired the position had become so bad that the

policy was not rene~ved on account of the very heavy rate demanded. I ater,after the crisis, cover for L,rgo,ooo vvas obtained at a premium of n early ~ 0 0 . Early in s9>2 an anonymous letter threatened the Club, and two guards were engaged to vvatch the premises at night.

In March a general strike was ordered, the violence of the mobs parading the streets increased and the Government drafted police and troops from ail parts of South Africa into the Rand. A t

t h a t t im e the Active Citizen Force regiments on the

Rand were not up to strength, but they were made up to strength and over by volunteers. A

l a r g e number of the members of theCl ub vvho )o8

SETw E K N

had served during th e

Tw o

W V O R L D w AR S

F i r s t W o r l d W a r j o i n e d t h e A . C .F . r e g iments,

most of t hem serving i n

t h e r a nks although t hey had held c o m m issions

during the war. A special meeting of

t h e C o n u nittee was called to c onsider m easures

for protecting the Club H ouse. I t divas decided to bolt all doors and leave open only one wing of the front door. A

d e t e ctive was enpaged for the dav

time, to be on duty at the hall porter's room. Residents in the Club were invited to f o r m an o r ganization to p r o t ect t h emselves. On March 9 it was decided to close the dining-room, and arrangements w ere made t o f eed r e sidents and monthlv b o arders in a s p ecial r o o m . The three entrances in Fox Street were blocked with sacks of coal, as sandbags were u n obtainable.

O n M ar c h > o t h e G o v e rnment p r o c laimed

martial law and there was severe fighting bet>veen the troops and police a nd large b o dies o f captured th e

a r m e d s t r i k ers .

Fi n a l l v , t h e G o v ernment t r o o p s

s t ronghold o f t h e s t r ik e l e aders i n F o r dsburg b y a ssault.

Field guns and aeroplanes had to be used in putt ing down what was called the Red R evolt. O n March ~o th e C o m m i t tee asked Mr . H . James Bowen, a m e m ber t a k e f u r t her steps for t h e p r otection of t h e

o f the C lu b since r 9 og , t o

premises and in conjunction w i t h t h e C h airman (Mr. Buckland) to take a ny steps deemed necessarv for the safeguarding of the Club H o use. T h e Club, through Mr. F. Raleigh, lent mattresses and blankets for the women and children who had to be moved from the Robinson mine to a place of safety. O n March r g a l l m e m b ers of t h e C l u b s taS' who had gone o n s t r i k e were paid of, and itvvas decided that there would be no further recognition of th e t r ade union t o

w h i c h t hey had belonged,

On March 20 the Comm i ttee voted the natives who had carried on their duties a bonus of L,r a

h e ad, and gave bonuses to five m embers of staff

who had remained on duty during the upheaval. Special letters recognizing their services were sent t o M e ssrs. H . James Bowen and Allen Wilson, and a letter of thanks to M r .

A . H . W i l l i a ms . A d o n ation of 2go guineas

was made to the Police W i d ows' and Orphans' Fund, to which the general public subscribed L,2g,ooo as a mark of appreciation of the services of the police during the cr isis. to9

'fHE

A h N D C Lu $

In the Red Revolt the military and police had 7z men killed and z i9 wounded.

A m o ng civilians there were 8i ki l l e d and p i g w o u n d ed. I t

was South Africa's worst industrial conliict.

M a n v m embers of the Club

joined the Civic Guard that patrolled the suburbs at night to relieve the

police force. XVhen peace wai 6nally restored most of the members of the Club staff ~vho had gone on strike were taken back, but there was no recognition of a trade union by the Club. I n M a v t he Chairman said that"t h e p r o l onged strike and the deplorable circumstances connected with i t h a d involved the Cl ub in a l o ss of kg ,ooo". A

sp e c ial meeting decided to

continue the 6ve guineas a quarter subscription fo r

t h e p r esent..

I n i 9z 3 t h ere was a marked improvement in the 6nancial position. T h e holders of Fi rst Debentures reduced the annual redemption from X g ,ooo to L,3,Ioo for a period of Five vears beginning in i9 2 g . Thi s e nabled the subscription t o b e r e duced from 6 v e guineas a quarter t o f ou r g u ineas a q uarter. A t th e a n n ual m e eting i n i 9 z g , M r . B u c k l and r eviewed t h e f inancial achievements of t h e i n e m b ers since i 9 o g , "vvhen the Club's liabilities appeared to be overwhelming" , and expressed the opinion that the present position divas "one from which the future could be viewed ivith equanimity D uring i 9 z g

t h ere was yet another effort t o g e t l a d ies into th e C l u b .

A requisition w a s sent t o t h e C o n wnittee asking t he m t o c o n sider t h e advisability of fi xing certain evenings on which ladies could be introduced to dinner .

T he q u e stion wa s submitted t o a b a l lo t w h i c h r e sulted as

follows: Votes in favour of the proposal -

-

r62

Votes against

-

26p

-

iog

-

-

Majority against

-

-

In i 9z y t h er e was heavy expenditure on the Club H o use.

T h er e was a

general renovation of th e b u i l d ing and nevv lavatories were provided on the second Boor and the main switchboard was renewed. Y e t a t t h e end of the year t h e

C o m m i t tee w er e a ble t o say t hat " t h e C l u b' s 6 nances

h ave now r e ached a position i n

w h i c h t h e r a pi d r e d u ction of t h e d e b t

appears no longer to be imperative; t here is a clear & l a nce of assets over i IO

BEYwKKN

Tw o

w o R LD w ARS

liabilities. The question may soon be deserving of consideration whether the redeemable debentures could not advantageously be replaced by a 6xed mortgage." At the end of the year the li ability under Second Debentures was extin-

guished andthe bond cancelled. The bonded debt had thus been reduced f rom th e o r i ginal total of X,pi g was notable for the 6rst of th e t w o o ccasions on wh i ch

the Rand Club became in factan of6cial Royal Residence. There may be many clubs in the Empire which can say they have been visited unof6cially by members of the British Royal Family. But there can be few ivhich can claim th e d i stinction o f h aving been a R oval Residence.

Th Prince of Wales lived in the Club House froin June zz to June 2g,

T HE R A N D

cLUS

At 6rst it was proposed that the whole Club House should be given over to H i s Roval Highness and his suite.

O n t h i s assumption hospitalitv

was overed to the members of the Rand Club by the New Club, the Country Club, the Scientilic and Technical Club, the French Club and t he United Party Cl ub . o f th e P r i nce at

T h i s arrangement, ho w ever, carne to th e n o t i ce

M b abane during hi s visit t o S w aziland. H e de m u r r e d

immediately, and it i s c l ear f rom th e t one o f t h e o %cial correspondence t hat ensued that he di d no t l i k e th e i dea of e v icting his hosts. A d m i r a l Sir Lionel Halsey, the Comptroller, w r ote t hat the Prince " had never for a moment realized that h e w o uld b e depri i~ g

m e m b ers of th e o r d i narv

Club facibties" and that the Prince " w o uld be very unhappy if this arrangement ~vere not altered A compromise between the hospitable desires of the members and the consideration of

t h e P r i n c e fo r t h e i r c o m f or t w a s t he n r eached.

T he

Club was to remain open to members and the basement, ground floor and fust floor were available for th eir use. reserved for the Prince and his staK N o

T h e second and upper floors were h o n o r ary or reciprocity members

were granted facilities during the Prince's stav and the lift was not availa ble for m e mbers.

T h e P r i n c e's quarters i n t h e C l u b H o use w er e r e -

decorated and a p r i vate branch exchange wit h

t h i r t een direct t e l ephone

c onnections was installed fo r t h e use of t h e R o val party . A l i s t o f t h e Club servants was sent to the authorities and thev were issued with o%cial passes. T he C lu b C o m m i t tee an d Secretarv devoted a g ood d eal o f t i m e t o p lanning th e d e t ails o f t h e R o ya l v i si t a n d t h e a r r angements w o r k ed extremelv well . T h e P r i n c e who was able t o m eet m embers in t h e b ar and elsewhere, and did so, was saved embarrassment, while the C lub w as a lso able to p r ovide hi m w i t h c o m plete pr ivacy when he desired i t . The Club servants were instructed in the p r eparation of a special cocktail to b e served in th e R o yal quarters. T h e i n g redients were : Equal parts of G i n ,

F r e nch Vermouth, I t a lian Vermouth and B randy

Dash of Curacao

Dash of Syrop de Gomme Squeeze lemon peel on top of glass and serve iced.

BKTwEKN

Tw o

w o RL D w h RS

The Prince's Standard was flown f ro m

t h e C l u b an d a f ul l g u ard vvas

mounted. The guard was accommodated in the Colonial Mutual Building. After the visit the Club received a letter from th e t hen Union M i n i ster

of Justice, Mr. Tielman Roos, thanking members for their " magni6cent hospitality

to t h e P r i n c e.

The report o f t h e C l u b C o m m i t tee for > 9 2 g r e corded the R oyal visit in the foll ow ing terms: " M e m b ers were honoured bv the acceptance by

H.R.H. The Prince of Wales of the hospitality of the Club during his visit to Johannesburg. His Royal Highness signi6ed his great appreciation of the hospitality extended to hi m d u r ing his residence in the H ouse and was graciously pleased to present to the m embers an autographed photo-

graph of himself and to accept Honorary Life Membership of the Club." T he late D u k e o f

K e n t , w h o v i s ited South A f r i c a as H . R . H . P r i n c e

George, lived in the Rand Club House from March t o t o M arch t g, t 9 3 @. Once again the building became a Royal Residence — a responsibility vvhich caused the Committee a certain amount of anxiety since repairs vvere being u ndertaken at t h e t i m e . C ommittee di d no t

In f a c t , w h e n t h e m a t te r vvas Erst raised th e

t h i n k t h e C l u b w o ul d b e a bl e t o a ccommodate th e

P rince w o r t h il y o w i n g t o t h e e x t ensive alterations t o t h e C l u b H o u s e that vvere in p r ogress.

B u t b y s peeding up th e w o r k and arranging that

the workmen should be " s t ood o ff "

d u r ing the actual visit, the C lub w as

again able to be the host of a B r i t ish Prince. T he arrangements vvere not as elaborate as in t h e

case of th e v i sit o f

the Prince of W ales, but t hey entailed a great deal of careful preparation. Members were issued wit h special cards to pass through the guards. Owing t o

a c e r tain amount o f p u b l icity i n t h e P r ess there was great

p ublic i n t erest in th e c e r emony of c hanging the guard outside the C l u b H ouse, and o n on e o ccasion th e c r owd vvas estimated to n u m ber t h r e e thousand. T h e A c t iv e C i t i zen Force, which p r o vided the guard, t r eated the exercise as a serious test and the men w ere b i l l eted i n t h e N o r vvich Union B u i l dings i n F o x S t r eet u n der service c o nd i t ions. T h e g u a r ds, which c onsisted of t w o

o f 6 c ers, four sergeants, four c o rporals, t w e nty-

four p r i vates and tw o b u g l ers, w ere provided by t h e T r ansvaal Scottish, the VA t w atersrand Rifles, the Rand Light Infantry and the

Impe rialLight

T HE

Horse.

R hN D c LU S

L i e u t .-Colonel A. W . H a y t on, O . C . R an d L ight Infantrv, was

responsible for mounting the guards which were changed at g p,m. During the mid-i92o's the Club made study progress and numerous improvements were made in the Club House. I n

i 9 ? y th e renovation of

the exterior of the building, which hact not been undertaken in a comprehensive way since t'ai 3, was put in hand and carried out at consider-

able expense. The freehold of the five stands was bought from the Mar-

shall's

Town ship Syndicate for k i , z 6o .

T h e a n nual stand licences had

amounted to L,go.

The St. Andrew's Building Society, which bought Marais Court and decided to put up a large building, offered to include in it additional accommodation for the Club t o w h ich there would be easy access. but the Committee felt it would not be wise to extend into a building it did not own. The Committee's report for

i 9 ? y closed ~vith this paragraph:

"The Club has now enjoyed a succession of prosperous years.

The

debt has been reduced to manageable dimensions. The revenue appears to be fairlv well assured. It seems that a financial position has been attained

in which rapid debt reduction and severe economy inexpenditure need no longer be paramount considerations. There are several steps by which the Club may, at some sacrifice of income, aeord its members more and better service and accommodation.

A n d i t m a y b e r easonably felt that

adequate provision for the future being made, the present members have

a right to benefit more largely by the Club's improved position." This sentiment was echoed by a great niany of the members. Additional amenities had often been suggested in the past, but had been turned down owing to the necessity for pursuing a pohcy of husbanding resources and reducing debt charges. As far back as i9o8 there had been a special meet-

ing of members to consider the question of providing a smoking room by moving the books from the library on the second floor and using it for that purpose.

T h e suggestion was rejected, but at i ntervals there were

demands for increased acconunodation. I n

i 9 2 6 a r e quest signed by one

hundred and three members asked the Committee "to allocate a room as a general sitting and conversation room" . Ii

+

T h e p r oposal was to alter the

SETwEEN

Tw o

w o lLi. D w AR S

ground Hoor by extending the hall and setting the Fireplace back to the boundary wall at a cost of about Xi, zoo. On a v ote the scheme was turned d ovvn by sixty-six votes to t h r ee, and when Mr . a motion t hat a smoking r oo m b e In Apr il ,

G u s H a rtog tried t o p u t

p r o vided he w as r u led out o f o r d e r .

i 9 2 8 , another special meeting was requisitioned to c o nsider

a resolution " t h a t i t i s no t d e sirable to let th e c o r ner shop, and that th e Committee be instructed t o

b r in g f o r ward a scheme by vvhich the shop

be made available for the use of the Club as a lounge or smoking room", The shop mentioned was the on e at th e c o r ner o f

C o m missioner and

Loveday Streets, and the lease had expired and the premises were vacant, The Chairman (Mr. Buckiand) told the members that the plan would mean a loss of k 8oo a v ear i n

r e n t w h i l e t h e f u r nishing of t h e l ounge w o u ld

cost k ) oo , and a separate bar and t ea-room w o ul d h ave to b e p r o v ided and the service ~vould at t i mes be inconvenient as it w o uld have to c ross the stream of m embers through the main hall. The scheme was rejected by g8 votes to gz, and a ballot was demanded. This was taken on May

i an d t h e r e s ult was announced as:

Votes cast in favour of

l e t t ing shop

Votes cast against letting shop

-

-

l9$'

-

8o

Another scheme for taking in th e L ovedav Street shop and using it to provide a lounge with an entrance from th e bar was also rejected. T hen it w a s decided to d eal w i t h t h e Fox St reet bu ilding lirst and r e construct th e k i t chens and servants' quarters. a nd the t e nder o f

M r . R e i d p r epared plans

N i c h o ll s and A i d erson for X g , gg9 was accepted, b u t

the scheme vvas enlarged and the Final tender vvas Axed at f g ,op s. While t he wor k w as being carried ou t t h e k i t chens and dining-room had to b e closed from A u gust i 2 t o

O c t o ber i, i9 z9 , a n d t h e m e m bers accepted

the hospitalitv of t h e N evv Club fo r t hat period . A t th e

a n nual general m e e ting o n N o v ember z y , i93i, M r . A . C . t h e r e t i r e ment o f t h e D e p ut y C h airman, M r .

H ershenson referred t o

Colin J. W atson, after twenty-seven years as a Committee-man and twentyfour years as Deputy Chairman. o ldest m e m bers o f

H e s aid that Mr . W a t son was one of the

t h e C l u b , b a v ing been e l ected e arly i n i 8 8 8 , a n d

although his services to the Club had been recognized by his election in

t9t8 as an Honorary Life Member, he felt t hat the members would desire to recognize further M r .

W a t son's valuable services and deep interest in

t he Club's affairs now that he had decided to retire from o n c e .

H e t h e r e-

fore moved that an honorarium of five hundred guineas be voted to Mr. VAtson. This was seconded bv Capt. R ,

R . K e n n edy and carried unanimously.

iVlr. Watson vvas succeeded as Deputy Chairman bv Mr. J. T. Goldsbury, who had been a member of the Club since t897. At the annual meeting i n

N o v ember, i 9 3 z , M r . H . B . P a p enfus rose

a nd said that he u n d erstood that t his w as the last occasion upon w h i c h the Chairman (Mr. B uckland ) would preside over them as he had definitelv decided not to stand fo r r e-election. M e m b ers had learned wit h genuine regret that Mr . B uckland felt unable to continue in on c e and i t vvas their wish that such honour as the Club could bestow should be conferred upon h im. H e vvas already a life member, and an excellent portrait of hi m w as h anging on th e w a ll s o f t h e C l ub .

H e th e r e fore desired t o s u bmit t h e

proposition t hat M r . B u c k land b e e l e cted as H o n orary L i f e P r esident. H e accordingly m o v e d : " That o n h i s r e t i r ement f ro m t h e p o s it ion o f Chairman of the Club C o mmittee, a position he has occupied for so manv years vvith so g r eat c apacity and d i g ni ty , m e m bers i n g e n eral m eeting a ssembled, as a mark o f t h ei r appreciation and esteem, confer upon M r . J . M. Buckland the t i t l e o f H o norary L if e President of th e R and C l ub. " This vvas seconded by Mr . Ewan S. Currey, and the minutes record that "on the proposal being put to the meeting bv Mr . Papenfus it was adopted unanimouslv and w it h H on. Life P resident, a

t h r e e hearty cheers" .

In a d d i t ion t o b e ing made

r e solution was passed making Mr . B u c k land t h e

guest of the Club and r eserving a bedroom at his disposal,

Unhappily, Mr. Buckland did not long enjoy the honour. H e died on Julv 3 < ~ t 93 3• T he Committee's r eport fo r t h e year contained the follow i n g : "The late Mr. B u ckland was elected to the Committee in November I 89z, first b ecame Chairman of

t h e C l u b i n N o v e mber t 89+ a n d

from No v ember x 9 o 3 u n t il h i s r e t i r e m ent f r om t h e C o m m i t t ee i n i93z held that office continuously.

N o c l u b has ever been privileged

B ETW E E N

TW O W O R L D

to be better served t han th e R and C l u b L ife President.

W AR S

w a s b v t h e l at e H o n orary

Ev e r a ssiduous in safeguarding the i n t erests of t h e

Club he loved so w e l l , h e p ossessed at th e same time i n a m a r k ed degree those qualities ivhich go to t h e m a k ing of an ideal Chairman. A courteous and cultured gentleman of h igh character, one wh o h ad a true understanding of what is best in th e spirit of c lub li fe, and one who had at his command a mastery of language and power of expression

in expounding the high ideals for which he always stood, he will ever be k ept in k i ndly r e m embrance bv those who w er e p r i vileged to k n o w

him," J ohn M, B u ckland, wh o w a s born i n E n gland, arrived on th e R and i n i 887. H e w a s secretary o f t h e C haxnber of M i n es from i 8 8 9 t o i 89 x and was interested in th e c yanide process of gold extraction, being local manager of the A fr ican Gold Recovery Company.

B u t h e m ade his main

work in l ife the conduct of th e af4irs of the Rand Club.

A b a c h elor and

a confirmed club xnan characterized by V i c t o r ian courtliness, he was an e xcellent after-dinner speaker and a very fine b i l l iards player.

I f he was

sometimes a martinet in the Club it was because he set a very high standard for the institution he loved and was determined to maintain it . n otable character i n figure, w i t h a

H e was a

e a r l y Johannesburg and his upright, quick-moving

w a l k ing s t ic k i n variably carried h o r izontally i n h i s h and,

was known to all. Members of that tixne remember how he usuallv spurned the litt and on most occasions ran up the stairs two steps at a tixne. Mr. Buckland was succeeded in the Chairmanship of the Comxnittee by M r. J . H . L . M a n i sty, wh o j o i ned the C lub i n x 8 p6 and was one of t h e Proprietary Members. M r . R , H . S awyer, vvho had also joined the C l ub in i896 and was a Proprietary Member and a Life Member, was elected Deputy Chairman. A wave of d epression swept over South A f r i c a i n i 9 z 9 o w i n g t o t h e

f alling value of gold compared with the rise in commodity prices. T h e distress on the Rand increased, and in i 932 a special meeting of the members o f the C lu b authorized th e C o mm it tee to a p pl y a p o r t ion o f

the Club's

funds in such a manner as it m i ght approve towards the relief of th e p r evailing distress provided, however, that the t o tal contribution o r i x/

e n gage-

T HE

R A N D C LU B

ment shall not exceed ki,ooo without reference to another special general meeting. U n der this authority the Committee voted k6oo to the Mayor' s

Relief Fund. At the end of

i 9 3 2 the U n ion followed the example of Great Britain

and went o8' the gold standard and the depression quickly vanished, and on the Rand was followed by a period of great mining and financial activity. The change was reflected in the increase in the number of nominations for membership. I n i 9 gg — 3g there were one hundred and forty-six new members elected. T he accommodation in th e

C l u b H ouse was severely taxed, and t h e

Committee embarked upon a 4rge scale scheine of alterations. The ground floor was practicallv redesigned. The Secretary's olIfice had long been at the side of the end of the bar facing Fox Street, where there were also two or three small rooms used for various purposes. These were all done away with in order to enlarge the bar. Shops at the corner of' Commissioner and Loveday Streets were taken over and the Secretarial o%ces were placed

on the ground Hoor in that corner of the building. The shop in Lovedav Street, at the Fox Street corner, was taken over at a sacrifice of ki, zoo a vear in rental in order to provide a lounge bar accessible from the main bar. The second and third floors were reconstructed and new bathrooms and lavatories installed.

T h e w a t e r supplv was improved. T h e e l e ctrical

installations, which had been in existence since i 9og, were re-wired and a telephone service was installed in the bedrooms. A l arge sum was spent on refurnishing and the exterior of the Club H ouse divas renovated and painted at a cost of K2,goo. This work had to be suspended for a week or so to make arrangements for the visit of Prince George, but the contracts were completed on time,

and when the entirescheme had been carried out the Rand Club House presented very much the appearance it does to-day. At the jubilee of King George V i n i 9 g g the C o mmittee voted kzgo for the decoration of the Club House. A t

h i s death the exterior of the

building was draped in purple. I n i 9g6 King Edward VIII, who as Prince of Wales had accepted Honorary Life Membership of the Club, intimated that although he would now be unable to retain his Life Membership he ii8

I KTw KK N T W O w o RLD w ARS

was pleased to become the Patron of the Club as from the date of h is accession to the throne.

In r9p6 when the jubilee of Johannesburg was celebratedthe Club House was decorated with flags and bunting and was flood-lit at night. The gold mining industry had been expanding rapidlv since the Union went o8' the gold standard andJohannesburg was prospering. But costs were rising and it became obvious that the Club must trv to obtain more revenue.

At the annual general meeting held on November 3o, ~9g6, the Chairman (Mr. J. H. L. Manisty) said that the Committee suggested the raising of the entrance fee from gg guineas to 7g guineas. He said the Committee felt that the t im e had arrived when new members should be asked to contribute somewhat more towards the cost of the added amenities in the

House which had been provided in the last few years at very considerable expense. They also felt that yg g was not an extravagant entrance fee for the facilities which membership of the Club commanded — in plain

uineas

words, they felt that membership of the Club to-dav was worth at least

yg guineas, and this feeling, he knew, was shared by a considerable number of member .

Un d e r p resent conditions the increased fee would have no

serious eAect upon the number of candidates likely to be proposed for election. At the close of the annual meeting a special meeting was held at which a resolution, raising the entrance fee to pg guineas, was proposed by Mr.

Manisty and seconded by Mr. John R. VAlliams. Mr. F. B. Adler opposed the increase on the ground that it would preclude the younger generation,

particularly the young professional men, who would be desirable members, Irom submitting themselves as candidates. The resolution in favour of the increase was, however, carried by ] g votes

to sg and the rules were altered accordingly. The Rand Club's entrance fee of yg guineas placed it among the most expensive clubs in the world. It was exceeded by only two clubs in Great Britain — the City of London Club (for "merchants, bankers, etc.") and the Royal Yacht Club at C o wes — inboth of avhich the entrance fee was Xtoo. But the raising of the figure in t9g6 did not restrict the applications

for membership. 1 l9

T HE

RAN D

CL UII

In the last year of the gg guineas entrance fee eightv members were e lected.

I n t h e f i r st y ear o f t h e 7 g g u ineas fee there w ere n i n ety n ew

members. The Golden Jubilee of the Rand Club in r 937, which came in the Chair-

rnanship of Mr. J. H. L. M a nistv, was made the occasion of special celebrations.

T h e r e w er e di nners on O c tober 2 7 an d 2 8 w hen a special menu

v vas printed, ornamented w i t h d r awings by " Jeannetts" . T h e win e l i s t i ncluded " J u b ilee Sherry " a n d " 7 0 Y e ar s O l d B r andy L i q ueurs" . O n October 29 there was a reception and dance w it h b i l h ards and cards f' or non-dancers. As about a thousand people were expected it was not possible t o pr o vide a s i t -down s u pper bu t a b u H'et supper was p r ovided o n a l l floors. La d i es w er e i n v i te d t o a l l t h r e e f u n c t i ons and th e c h arge per member was three guineas. A n o r chestra was engaged for the dinners and

a dance band for the ball.

A s o uvenir in the f orm of a silver-and-blue

enamel brooch was designed bv Dr. A. M avrogordato and Mr. P. Strakosch for presentation to th e lady guests. The jubilee celebration i n v olved the C lu b f u nds in a n e x penditure of L g20. A s usual at Club functions there were " n o r eporters present" , b u t photographs were taken on t h e assurance that t hey vvould not appear in the newspapers.

The Club Committee had for some time been considering ways and means of reducing the annual charge on the Club for interest on its debentures, which harl been fixed at a higher figure than was asked when money became cheaper. A

the

v a l uation made for the pur pose of raising a loan gave

foll owingfigures: Stand r Sg

-

-

-

-

22g,ooo

r86

$2%$00

r88

2 0%000

I89

20%000

I90

27 %$00

Xr 2g,ooo

Club Building

$0%ooo

Kitchen and Service Building

I 0%00 0

Total

X22g,000

I ao

f'(a J

I

e ~

L I 6fO f I'.

I

d

r

gQ.

4 •

'

1L

>f'

I

F

(..vere held from time to time to confirm changes in the rules or the financial arrangements made bv the general body of members. Gradually, however, these became less and less frequent. In time an anomalous position divas revealed. T h e original issue ol' proprietary shares had totalled 666. I n i y z 6 i t a ppeared that zo7 members h eld zoo proprietary shares, wvhile of the remaining 4i6 there >vere i 4 3

T HK R AN D c l u S

held in d eceased estates and zpg ~vere with th e

T r u stees for re-issue.

Moreover, of the 2go shares held by members gs were in the hands of absentees.

Thus for all practical purposes a small — and automatically dwindlinggroup of members was found to be legallv in entire financial control of the Club, in addition to being required to provide eight of the twelve members of the Managing Committee and both the T rustees. Another point also arose. I f

t h e Club was a revenue-producing institu-

tion, then was its surplus, even though this was all devoted to the reduction of debenture charges, liable to be taxed~ The matter was of considerable importance since in 8 the C ommissioner of Inland Revenue changed his view of th e status of the C lub and assessed all surplus revenue for

income tax. Legal opinion on the point was divided, one counsel saying i n effect t:hat the surplus was probably taxable and the other that it w as not.

It is true that in practice the Proprietary Members very rarely interfered

with the working of the Club and that they had no desire to occupy a privileged position.

B u t t h er e was a growing feeling against the Cl ub

having two classes of members, the smaller of which, had they pressed their rights, could have controlled the development of the Club. The Committee from time to time considered ways of changing the constitution but were deterred by fears regarding the legality of any action they might take.

W h e n t h ree well-known counsel were asked for their

opinion, they seemed to hold that there was no wav of' cancelling the

proprietary rights save by winding up the Club and forming a new one. In s9zc the Club had t , r 3 t

m e mbers but only ?go held proprietary..

rights, and at the annual meeting the Chairman

(Mr, J. M. Buckland)

remarked that the general body of members "were ignorant of the fact t hat the Proprietary Members were the owners of the Club" .

He s a i d

t he desire was expressed at times to have only one class of member, T h e Committee of Management was i m p osed of twelve metnbers of whom eight had to be Proprietary Members, and there was a feeling that a bolder policv of i m provement would be enforced if th e i n terests of the P r oprietary Members had not so much influence. rs6

c nhNG K

I N O W N ER SH I P

ln June, t 9 ?8, a s pecial general meeting was held to c onsider tw o propositions: "(a) T hat all original Proprietary Members together with such members

who have acquired and heldproprietary rights for a period of thirty years or more shall be created Life Members of the Club and declared thereby free of any further liability as to subscriptions.

(b) That the subscriptions of all ordinary members who have been members for thirty years or more shall be reduced to four yuneas per annum; o r

a l t ernativelv that al l m e mbers of t h irty years'

membership or over up to and including June, i9>8, shall be created Life Members." Mr. Buckland said that while the Committee vvere heartily in sympathy with the requisition they were unable to recommend the proposal as they felt there were more practical ways of achieving the end desired. Members considered that too much monev was being made and not apphed to the use of members; but the C lub was being run on a very narrow margin of proFit. Ou t of the surplus revenue Xg,ooo had to be paid for debenture redemption, while the new Shop Hours and Liquor Bill would considerably affect their revenue, and if, in addition, the resolutions were carried

they would cost about kr,?gal, which would swallow up the surplus. The resolutions were lost — only seven voting for them, and subsequently the requisition was withdrawn by consent of the Committee. At the annual meeting in November, i9 3 i ,

t h e Chairman again referred

to the position of the Proprietary Members and said that it was undesirable that the present state of aRairs should persist, and expressed the hope that some scheme for th e voluntary surrender of the proprietary rights

might be evolved and finalitv on the subject reached. A year later,hovvever, the Chairman reported that the Committee had issued a circular to the Proprietary Members suggesting the surrender of their rights but approximately 60 per cent of the members did not respond to the letter in any way, so it was decided not to proceed further ivith the matter. The deadlock continued for another three years during ivhich, however, many of the Proprietan M e m bers seem to have come round to the view

T HE

RAN D

C LU B

that it was undesirable to have a Club with two classes of members in it.

At any rate, a special meeting of the Proprietary Members was held on April g, i9gg, vvith an attendance of Fifty-five, when a r e solution was proposed declaring that the Proprietary Members were agreeable to the expenditure for enlarging the bar towards the Loveday and Fox Streets corner and to the sacrifice of the Tent of three shops. But Mr. F . B . A d l e r d eprecated the passing of ani r esolution by the Proprietarv Members at a special meeting.

H e p o i nted out t hat under

the rules the Committee of Twelve (of whom eight had to be Proprietary Members) were entrusted vvith the management of the Club and members had entire confidence in the Committee and had tacitlv approved of' the large schemes of alterations carried out in the past. Such schemes Iar the improvement of the Club did not call for the consent of the Proprietary Members and they fully confirmed the procedure follo~ved in past years. He hoped that instead of passing any resolution on the subject the Proprietary Members vvould agree to th e f o llowing resolution: "That the Committee consider ways and means of placing the members of the Club in one class." It was suggested by some meinbers that a scheme of declaring a dividend on the proprietary shares might be devised. In the end, however, all other proposals were withdrawn in favour of M r .

A d l er's motion, w hich ~.as

adopted. The Committee on September i i issued "A Memorandum to Members".

Proprietary

In this Memorandum the Committee stated that after due consideration it had come to th e conclusion that the only satisfactory manner in which the wish of the Proprietary Members, as expressed in their resolution, could be given effect to, ivas bv daing away ivith the Proprietary Members as a class and putting the Club back into the position it was in before Proprietary Rights were created. A s most members kneiv, when the Club divas founded in i 8 8 y t h e C l u b p ropertv was vested in "the Trustees for the time being of the Rand Club", the members individually hainng no rights thereto other than their enjomient of i t

a s o r dinary

members af the Club. B ut: in August, i 89y, the then members converted i28

CHA N G E

IN

O w N K R SH I P

the Club into a Proprietary Club bv vesting the property of the Club in themselves. T o tion o t her

e ach of th e then m embers was issued, for n o c o nsidera-

t h a n h i s m e m b ership o f t h e C l u b , o n e P r o p r i etary R i ght

entitling him to one 666th of the Club property for so long as he remained a member of t h e C l u b , an d w i t h c e r t ain r i g hts to h i s s uccessors if he died whilst a member of th e Cl ub. The Committee continued: " F o r

s o m e r eason, however, i v hich is not

apparent, the transfer ofthe 6xed property divas never passed to the Proprietary Members, but it r e mained registered in the name of the T r ustees f or th e C lu b i t s elf .

S u b j ect t o t h e o b l i gation t o m a i ntain th e C l u b as

l ong as there were ' not l ess than to o r esident members of the Cl ub' , t h e d isposal of th e r e venue and assets of th e C l u b was a m a t ter e n t i rely i n the hands of th e

P r o p rietary Members. I n s p i t e o f t h i s t h e P r o prietary

Members have only on rare occasions made am effort to exercise their rights in this direction, and the Club has for all practical purposes, except on the rare occasions referred to, b een administered as if th e c hange in r89y had never t aken place. "A t th e present t ime onlv go6 of th e r i ghts are held by at t me m b ers, and the balance held by the T r ustees are practically unsaleable, more the m e eting o f

F u r t het-

t h e g t h A p r i l l a st , a bove referred t o , v vas called

for the express purpose of dealing w i t h a

r e solution ~vhich w o uld have

b een an exercise of t h ei r r i g hts b v t h e P r o p r ietarv was

entirely due to the support accorded to it. by the large body of non-Proprietary M e m b ers, wh o c a r r ied o n u n der h i g h subscriptions and t ariRs which enabled th e C lu b t o i nterest and redemption.

m e e t i t s o b l igations in r e gard t o d e benture

I n e 8 'ect t hey had practically paid for th e C l u b

a s it then e x i sted, and w h il e i t

d ivas true that t hev had no t t r o u bled to

acquire proprietary shares,such shares were available to them at purely nominal 6gures as ivould b e u n d erstood when he said t hat th e l ast sale elfected was at 10s. and only three out of thirty oH'ered were disposed of. Proprietary Members had only been called upon to ex ercise their rights on very few o c casions during the f o rt y vears thev had been in existence, and on the last occasion, in A p ri l o f

t h e current year, t hei had purposely

avoided doing so. It was clear t hat the onl y e l e c t

o f t h e e x istence ot p r o p rietary rights

had been to c o n fer upon c ertain m e mbers the r i ght t o against their name in th e l ist of m e m b ers.

h ave an asterisk

T h e b ene6t t o t h e estates of

deceased members by the sale of t h ei r r i ghts after t h ei r death had been

negligible, Finally, on th e t h ird question — the eltect of abolition — Mr. Manistv said that the 6rst effect would be that any risk of one class of member exercising rights of property over the Club against the ivish of the majoritv of members

would be avoided. Secondly, the division of the classes, ivhich wa s repugnant t o

mem bership

into tw o

m a n y m embers ol' bot h c lasses, woul«l

cease, and the special representation of one class on the Committee 1vould also cease. T h i r d l y , th e p osition o f

t h e C lu b i n r e aar«l to th e Revenue

authorities would be much stronger. T h e Club pai«l onlv a nominal income tax at the time, because thev had in the past persuaded the tax authorities t hat although on paper they were a p r oprietary club t hey were not so i n fact because th e

P r o p rietary M e m b ers di d n o t e x e r c ise t h ei r r i g h t s.

Future of6cials of the Revenue department would no t b e a rrangement, and i t

b o und by t h at

w a s m o r e t h a n l i k elv t hat payment o f t h e f u l l t a x

might be demanded in the future, and that vvould involve a very substantial amount. I f

t h e y w ere in fact no l o nger a proprietary club, no tax wo uld

be pavable except upon certain minor i t ems. 132

L a stlv, i t w as desirable that

C HA N G E

I N o w K KR SH l P

a n end should be put t o t h e e x i sting anomalous position yvhen the Cl u b d ivas neither one t hing no r

t h e o t h er : w h e n t h e C o m m i t tee m ust f r o m

time to t im e go t h rough the farce of calhng for t e nders that were never m ade and there were still t h r e e h undred and sixty r i g hts in t h e fil e f o r disposal, some of which had been there since thev vvere established in t 89y. I n conclusion, Mr. M anistv said that one legal opinion was to the efk c t t hat th e P r o p r ietary M embers had n o r i g ht s w h atsoever in an d t o t h e i mmovable p r operty o f

the C l ub .

T he C o m m i t t ee , f e eling as i t d i d ,

thought that i t

w a s u nnecessary to i nvestigate the rnatter fur ther, b e ing

a dvised that i n

an v e vent t h e p r esent resolution m ust b e p assed if t h e

e xistence of proprietary rights even on paper had to be ended. T h e C o m mittee felt t hat i t w a s i n t h e b est i nterests of th e C l u b t o c a~eel these p roprietary shares from m any p o i nts of v iew o t he r t h an those to w h i c h he had referred. T h e m e m b ers of t h e C o m m i t tee w er c t h emselves all P roprietary M e mbers, and t h e y vvere yvholeheartedly i n f a vour o f t h e proposal and strongly recommended it for th e acceptance oF the meeting.

Mr. Manisty then moved the resolution, which was seconded bv Mr.

R. H. Sailer. M r. XV . H .

S o merset Bell ( o n e o f t h e l a w yer m e m bers of t h e C l u b)

stated that as a member since r 889 and now one of t h e T rustees, he had made a careful study of the position. H e f o und that there was no donation or sale, and no transfer of the pr operty from th e Cl ub, as it vvas in t 89Q, to the Proprietary Members.

H e e x p ressed the opinion that no valid sale

of the property of the Club could be made to the members individually vvithout thc consent of aH the members; but in r 89g there were six hundred and seventy-five members, of vvhom only eighty at:tended the meeting at v vhich th e p r o p r ietary shares w ere c r eated and t h r e e o f t h e m e m b e r s present recorded their votes against the resolution; and that it was therefore perfectly clear that al/ the m embers had not consented to the alleged alienation . H e ha d c o m e t o t h e d e fi n it e c o n clusion t hat P r o p r i etary M embers had no r i ghts vvhatever in the property of t h e Cl ub, t hat t h e r e w ere no

l e gal r i ghts t o e n f o r ce, and t hat P r o p rietarv Members had n o

other r i g hts t han those they could enforce, l ik e any o t her m e m bers, by their vote i n t e rms of th e R u les. >33

T HE R A N D C LU B

Mr. R. Goldman, who opposed the resolution, alluded to the existence of other proprietary clubs and pointed out that no suggestion for the cancelling of proprietary shares had come from the non-Proprietary Members. Mr. F. Vf. Bell proposed an amendment oifering free Life Membership to the original holders of proprietary shares, and laying down that subsequent holders of such shares should be reimbursed any amounts thev had p aid for t heir r ights; but t h e C hairman ruled that t here could b e n o amendment to the resolution. T he resolution was put t o requisite two-thirds majority.

t h e m e eting and declared carried by t h e A d e m and for a ballot was not seconded.

A special general meeting of members was held on J une z6, 193 6 t o c onsider consequential alteration in t h e c o nstitution and r ules o f t h e Club.

F o r f o rty-tvvo years Clause 2 of the constitution had read: " The assets, property and revenue of the C lub are vested in t h e

P roprietary Members subject to

t h e c o n dition that t hev shall b e

bound to maintain the Club for the use of all members as long as there shall be not less than ioo resident. members of the Club." Clause c was now altered to read: " The assets, property and revenue of the C lub are vested in t h e

Trustees of the Club for the time being, vvho shall stand possessed thereof in trust for the C lub." So ended the svstem of Proprietary Membership in the Rand Club. O wing to

t h e b r oadmindedness and unselfishness of the majoritv o f

those who held proprietary rights it had worked vvith less friction than might have been expected. I t may at times have applied the brake to the expansionist ideas of the more optimistic members, but by and large

it did very little to check the development of the Qub. But the final placing of all the members in one class was viewed with general satisfaction and there were no regrets at the change.

Second World W ar and A f t er When the Second World War began in September, r939, the Chairman of the Club was h'Ir. R. H. Sawyer. The Committee decided to fly the Union Jack and the Union flag over the Club H ouse vvhile hostilities lasted, and promptly posted a notice:

(~) Exempting from pavment of subscriptions members of the Club on vvhole time active service. (s) pr o h i biting th e i n t r oduction o f as visitors or guests.

p e rsons who are enemy subjects

(3) Notifying all reciprocal clubs that any of their members avho are enemv subjects wil l

b e e x c l u ded fro m t h e C l u b a s r e ciprocitv

m embers during the co ntinuance of th e w a r . A number of members were also asked to give proof of their nationality. I n July,

r 9 g > , i t d ivas decided to g i v e a m o to r a m b ulance to th e R e d

Cross. N e a rly k r , o o o was raised and three ambulances were bought and d rawn up i n f r on t o f t h e C lu b H o use for the inspection of m embers. I n t he foHowing vear i t vvas decided to give a mobile canteen to the U n i o n Defence Force and again about X,x,ooo was raised.

A "Roll of Honour" was opened for members falling in the war, and t he first name inscribed on i t

w a s t hat o f M a jo r A . W a r d C l a re . F o u r

other members eventuallymade the supreme sacri6ce and after peace was declared another b r om e t ablet w a s added to t h e the landing of t h e

i 9 i g — >8 memorial on

m ain staircase. I t b o r e t h e f o l l o w ing names: 94S

W. Glenton

A. Ward Clare

J. Lynch

A. A. Hope ~3f

'rHK R A N D

cLu B

During the war vears the Committee were mainly engaged in trying to aid the war eflort and in adjusting the Club to the changed conditions that the world conflict imposed upon the community. T h ere were difficulties in obtaining supplies, numerous Government regulations had to be observed

and the p of falliiig roblem

revenue had to be solved.

It was soon clear that the Club was being run at a loss, and from

July,

i 9gi, a surcharge of i o per cent divas made on coupons and House charges. The black-out precautions, wvhich had to be taken in accordance with the regulations, cost the Club L40o. In the bar, free snacks were abolished bv Government order and later tot and half'-tot measures were introduced. The Comniittee found that the tots proved popular and "helped to prolong the life of the w h iskv store" .

O w i n g t o r a t ioning, the C lub r eceived

only 2p per cent of its ordinary meat requirements, and fish and vegetables became scarce and expensive. I n spite of these difficulties, however, the Chairman was able to sav that the efforts of the catering manager to keep up the standard of the table had given satisfaction, and to add that "surelv there is not another country in the w o rld t o-day ivhere such good allround meals are continually served at such reasonable prices". W hen the annual general meeting divas held in November, r 9 yo , t h e Secretary, Mr. A 8 leck, was absent for the first time in his thirtv years of oflice. H e

w as ill i n hospital and did not recover sukcientlv to resume

his ivork. A t

t h e annual meeting in 19/ 3 i t divas decided to place him on

pension and make him an honorary member of the C lub, and a w a rm tribute was paid to the services he had rendered to the Club. man (Mr. F . E ,

T h e Chair-

R o b erts) said that in the opinion of the older members

Mr. Ameck was largely responsible for the high reputation the Club enjoyed. Mr. AN eck did not long enjoy his retirement and died on March T he Secretarvship was left vacant until

i 9+Z when Mr .

G eo,

Brecknell was appointed, and during his absence on military service the vvork was done by Mr . A . C. d u T o i t . War conditions imposed a heavy strain upon the accommodation in the Club House. Members of the armed forces were made honorary members and made fulluse of the Club. Very often two hundred and ten sat down i36

i ';L

e I

4I

4

l•

•

,

Snock Luncheon Room.

S EC O N

D

W O RLD

W A R

AN D

A FT E R

to lunch in the dining-room while the light luncheons taken in the sandwich room and elsewhere numbered one hundred and ninety. There were

complaints of overcrowding, and in April, r 9gg, a special general meeting was held to consider the whole position. The existing rules laid down that when the Committee considered that suRicfent members had been admitted they were empowered to call a general meeting of m embers "t o determine whether it i s desirable to close the list temporarilv or permanently". B y fiftv-one votes to seventeen it was decided to alter the rule to: " W h en the Committee considers that

sufficient members have been admitted they may close the list for such period as they deem desirable." The Committee explained that they had no intention of closing the list at once, but they wanted to have freedom to deal with the situation promptly if necessary.

By fifty-five votes to eight it was also decided to pass a new rule reading; "For such period as the Committee may decide no person under the age of forty years at the commencement of thiswar shall be eligible for membership of the Cl ub un less he shall have been on fu ll-time mi litary service for a period of at least two years outside the Union. T he Committee shall have discretionarv powers, in exceptional cases, to admit to ballot anv person whose military service does not fall within the defined limits or has been prevented from volunteering for military service." In the early months of r 9 y g t h ere w er e seventy-nine new members elected, and i n v ie w o f t h e r a pid rise i n m e mbership the Committee closed the list on August ro, t 9 g g. In November, however, a resolution was passed stating that notwithstanding the dosing of the hst, the Committee might admit to baHot anv candidate who had b een o n f u ll-time service with th e

U n ion D efence

Force, or alliedforces, in the war and who bv reason of absence did not

make application. Although the list was closed in August, ~9yg, there were in the following year one hundred and sixty-two candidates on the waiting list, and that also was closed. T h e

C ommittee decided that the election of candi-

dates on the waiting list ought to be spread over a period of at least three years owing to the overcrowding in the Club. >37

Bu t at the annual meeting

T HE

in November, i 9 y6 ,

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t h e m e mbers passed a resolution asking the C om-

mittee to admit the ~vhole of the candidates as soon as possible. A c t i ng upon this instruction new candidates were elected, and b). November, i9yy, no fewer than one hundred aiid six net m e m bers had been elected whose entrance feestotalled K8,3yy, an increase of Lg,goy over the previous year, while the subscriptions showed an increase of Xi,g98. The question of' the adinission of ladies to the Club House continued to be raised. In April, r 9 gi ,

t h ere was a ballot on the issue. This time four

hundred and sixty-four voted in favour and two hundred and eighty-nine against, giving a majority of one hundred and seventy-five in favour of the

fair sex. A sub-committee, consisting of the Chairman (Dr. Mavrogordato), the Deputy Chairman (Mr. F. E. Roberts) and Messrs. J. Voelcker, James Boyd, D. Denoon Duncan, F. K. Webber and M. Fergusson,vvas appointed t o examine the question and also a proposal to r ent an annexe. T he architects, Me ssrs. Re id a nd M a r t i n, w e re a sked to r e p ort u p on t h e

necessary structural alterations for providing accommodation for ladies. T he sub-committee examined a proposal for r e n t ing or b u y ing part o f P ermanent (o r V i c t o r y) Buildings adjoining the Club in Fox Street, and m aking a c o nnection b eaveen th e t w o p r o p er ties, but f i nallv t u r ne d i t d own, h o M ing that any section fo r l a dies must f o r m p ar t o f t h e C l u b H ouse. I n t h e e n d t h e C o n t r o l ler o f I n dustrial Ma n P ower r e fused t o g mnt permission for alterations in the Club pr emises and the matter w a s

lelt in abeyance for the time being. In these years the Comm i t tee paid special attention t o t h e fi nances of the Club and strove to place them on a sound permanent basis. A

C a p i t al

Reserve Fund was opened into w h ich all entrance fees were paid and out o f which was net th e cost of al terations and special improvements to t h e Club House.

A S ta8 P r ovident Fund divas established with the nucleus of

X g,8g8 standing to the credit o f t h e existing Fund and about ~ , o o o p a i d in by the Club, while the Comm i t tee was authorized to contribute annually a sum equal to the co ntributions made by the staH;

Expenses,however, continued to grow, and by r 9y6 it was estimated that the Club was paying in rates and services mell over K2o a day. N e ar ly Xg,ooo had to be spent on o v erhauling and renovating the roof guttering i38

sKCOND

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br TER

and down pipes of the Club House. The fifty-three bedrooms vvere equipped with spring mattresses and much new f vided at a

c ost o f k i , g 7 2 .

urniture, while a laundry was pro-

S a l aries and wages svere also increased and

the Committee strove to attract a better and more capable type of servant. The war-tinie surcharge of r o

p e r cent, w h ic h i n s 9g 8 had returned a

revenue of L 6 , gag, was removed; but t o

a v oi d l o ss the pr ices of m eals

and of supplies in th e bar w e r e i n creased. T he diamond jubilee of t h e C l u b vvas celebrated i n > ppp, w h e n M r . James Boyd was Chairman and M r .

D e n oon D u n can Deputy C hairman.

It was decided to have two special dinners and a ball, to which ladies were admitted.

T h e d i n ner m en u w as printed i n a g o l d c over and contained

a photograph of the first Club House and sketches of people in the s 88o's. At the d in ner on O c t o b er z 9, G e neral Smuts, the C l u b's only H o n o rarv I .ife Member, was present and made " a m o st i n t e resting speech" . b all on

T he

O c t o ber 3 s w a s described in t h e C o m m i t t ee's report as " v e r y

h ighlv successful".

T h e celebrations cost the Club kgb .

In i9y8 there was recorded with regret the death of the last two remaining Foundation Meinbers, wh o ha d been o n t h e l i s t s ince i8 8 y— H. B.

Marshall and S. B. J. Guthrie. The Com m i ttee continued t o

f i n d i t d i f i c ul t t o b a l ance the accounts

and at a special general meeting in i 9y8 the subscription of Town members was increased by four guineas a year and of Country members by one g uinea, thus producing an additional revenue of about kg,ooo a vear. A t the same t im e th e r a d ius fo r T o w n m e m b ers was raised to fif ty mi l e s , which b r o ught i n

t h e m o r e d i stant parts of t h e R eef and also Pretoria,

Vereeniging and Brits. I t on the

vvas felt, too, that a ceiling should be placed

m e m b ership o r t h e Cl u b n i g h t b e c o m e u n c omfortably o v e r -

crowded.

T h e i n aximu m n u m ber of' Town m e mbers was therefore fixed

at nine hundred and seventy-five. The overcrowding l e d u mbrellas, and on Dr. H . W .

M a y i g , x 9 y 8 , a s p ecial m eeting ivas held at w h i c h

V a ughan-Wi l l iams proposed that a cloakroom attendant should

be appointed t o Mr. G . C .

t o c o m p laints of th e l oss of hass and coats and

g i v e n u m b ered t i c l;ets o r d i sk s fo r a r u c les deposited.

E d monds seconded; bu t t h er e wa s e v idently a strong feeling s3+

against any change and Dr. Vaughan-Williams withdrew the motion before a vote was taken.

Another special meeting was convened to consider a proposal bv MajorG eneral K enneth Ray t o

g i v e t h e C o m m i t t e e p o we r t o a s k f o r m o r e

particularsof candidates proposed for membership, and to interview the candidate, and if after investigation the Committee were not satisfied as to the suitability of the candidate for membership of the Club they might " w i t h out assigning any r eason call u pon withdraw their nomination" .

t h e p r o p oser and seconder t o

Th e r e solution was carried unanimously.

In ~9g9 th e C l u b's soda-water plant gave t r o uble and a new m a chine was bought at a cost of X z go . A t t h a t t i m e t h e C lub made its own soda w ater, w h ic h r e presented 9 > per c ent o f

t h e c o nsumption i n t h e C l u b

and was supplied free to members. In o ne year xo,s92 dozen sodas were produced at a cost of X,67, or i P. per dozen. W h en in later years the Government placed a tax on soda water, production in the Club H ouse

was given up and the plant sold. During the visits of the M . C .C . and Australian cricket teams the Club secured a tent at Ellis Park and served luncheons and teas to members. Later it divas found impossible to obtain a special Club tent on the grounds but luncheon hampers were made up for members who ordered them.

A full-time handyman and painter was employed, and the old ceiling lights in the dining-room were replaced by candelabra. The increased charges for meals roused some criticism. T h e d i n n er a t night, with an elaborate menu, cost ps. 6d, ,

w i t h no quali6cations, so

that if a member wanted a simple meal of a chop only, he still had to pay ys. 6d. M r .

G us Hartog and Mr. F. Neale, with the support of the %teen

permanent residents, persuaded the Committee, under the Chairmanship of Mr. D e noon Duncan, to offer the alternative of a simpler dinner at a reduced price.

T h e e x periment was tried for several years and proved

ling,and the pleaof the caterer

popular; but in the end the higher cost of

that the cheaper dinner was an uneconomic proposition for th e

C l ub,

induced the Committee to return to the old system of a one-priced dinner. After the end of the Second World War th e increase in the membership, and the greater use made of the Club House, raised the question of

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improving the accommodation and the amenities o8ered in the building. There were prolonged discussions on the issue and various suggestions were put fonvard. It so happened that Mr . F rancis Lorne, a mell-known London architect,

had come to Johannesburg to design a new block of oIIices for a mining group, and he was invited t o

d r a w u p a scheme fo r t h e modernizing of

the Club buildings, In June, i 9 g y , M r . L o r n e r e p orted that a co mplete rebuilding scheme

should cost X.i go,ooo and would involve the closing of the Club for twelve months. H i s plans included the raising of the Fox Street frontage to nine storeys, with the top four set back, and with separate entrance and lifts. There were to be various improvements in the basement and on the ground and Erst floors. O n

t h e s econd floor provision was made for a l adies'

dining-room to seat one h undred and thirty-two people and a

l a dies'

lounge was planned for the third floor. The design for the fourth floor i ncluded a s i lver g r il l

an d c a feteria. T h e r e m a ining floors o f t h e n e w

construction were to be g iven over to staff accommodation. was referred t o

T h e scheme

a s p ecial c o n u ni ttee, consisting o f t h e C h airman

Plr.

James Boyd), the Deputy Chairman (Mr. D. Denoon Duncan) and Messrs. J. M. Osborne and I. K. Jardine. Meanwhile the possibility of enlarging the Club House in another way was pr esented. C e n t u r y B u i l d i n g, n e xt t o t h e C l u b i n C o m m i s sioner S treet on the site of the ol d M arais Court, came into the market . an eight-storev structure on a 7 o x go foot stand.

It was

A s i t w a s th e last re-

maining piece ofground upon which the Club House could be extended, the Committee felt the oEer ought to be carefully considered by members, and accordingly a special general meeting was summoned for i6,

January

ipy8, t o

c o nsider the m atter . Th e i n t e rest taken in the subject was

shown by the fact that one hundred and sixty'-two members attended.

Mr. James Boyd, who presided, gave a detailed explanation of the position.

H e s a d t h a t i n t h e p r evious November the Committee was

approached by a firm of estate agents acting for the owners of Century Buildings who asked if they were prepared to purchase the block for the sum of kr zg,o00, Th e C o m m i tteefelt the matter called for careful con-

T HE

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s ideration and obtained an option of thirty days froin December x8.

T iie

rents for the shops and o%ces in Century Building amounted to about L6,2z z a yeai and the expenditure to X2,p93, so that the return on Xi 2 g,ohio would be just under 3 per cent.

T h e C o m mittee then obtained a sworn

valuation of the building, and this was given at Xg3,ooo. M r. Boyd went on t o say that the building was inspected and it w a s obvious that it would be of little or no use to the Club and would have

to be pulled down and rebuilt to make it of any value for Club purposes, and that inight cost between Ligo,ooo and Xtoo,ooo.

B u t t h e C e nturv

Building was held on lease that vvouid not expire for five vears and tie rebuilding woukl take eighteen mnnths, so that the Club would have io

wait for approximately six and a half years before they got any beneficial use of the property. On the question of finance, Mr . B oyd said that L,ivy,ooo could he raised at y per cent which meant a cost of L5,ooc a year,

B u t t h e n et

rents, after paving expenses, wculd amount to only X~,y29 and the balance of xi , y7< would have to come out of Club revenue. F u rther, a sinking fund and redemption scheme wouM have to be considered. Mem bers

might ask, Wliy not increase the membership and charge an increased entrance fee to help pav all this? But did they want to increase the melliber-

ship beyond the present number? If they did so they ran the risk of losing the friendliness which had for so long been a notable characteristic of the Rand Club. WVould thev not be swamped and become not a club but a

huge hotel and caravanserai? He had looked up a list of the principal British clubs and found that very few of them, except the Royal Automobile Club, had more than a thousand members.

T h ey, as a Committee, felt

very stronply that they should not increase their niembership beyond its present limits. Members woLLId ask if they turned down the oR'er >vhat could the Conunittee suggest to improve the amenities of their C l ub) Briefly, the scheme was to demolish the present Kitchen Block which was erected on the stand in Fox Street to the west of the main building of the Club.

T h e new building would have a separate entrance and lift in Fox

Street. N e w k itchens would be built on the first Hoor and on the second

the plan provided for a lounge for ladies with a dining-room on the Hoor

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above. On the fourthHoor would be a quick-lunch counter for members only, and above vvould be better accommodation for the stafF. Additional bathrooms would be provided in the main building. This scheme envis age an expenditure of about X r oo,ooo and would provide amenities for members that would be un rivalled in South A f r i ca .

would be kg,ooo and with easier proposition t o h andle.

T h e annual charge for interest

redem ption less than pro , ooo — a very much

At the close of M r . B o y d's speech there was practically no d i scussion. Major-General K e n neth Ra y p r o p osed t ha t t h e o H'er f o r t h e C e n t ury Building be not accepted, and that the Club proceed with the plan sketched out by Mr .

F r a ncis Lorne.

This vvas seconded bv M r .

R . H o n e y and carried unanimously.

T hus authorized, th e C o m m i t tee i n M a y , r 9 y 8 , c a l le d i n M r . D . L aing, a Q u antit y S urveyor, wh o b uilding period, say fo r a t

].

r e p o rted t hat d u r in g m ost o f t h e r e -

l e ast a y e ar, t h e m ain services of t h e C l u b

(lighting, water heating, cooking, Aative accommodation, etc.') would be cut olf. This diffrculty w a s f ully d iscussed and t h ree solutions t o

t h e p r o blem

were considered: (r) H ousing t hese services in th e m ain b u ilding. (2) Hir ing an h o tel o r

o t her o u t side building.

(3) Closing dow n th e C lub c o m p l etely for at l east a year. The Committee felt that none of t hese solutions was ideal and a further p roposal was c o nsidered, n amelv,

t h a t a n a d d itional s t orey should b e

added to the m ain b u i k ling to h o use these services during the w hole rebuilding period an d t hen abolishing th e e x tr a storev, i f o f a t e m p orary

nature, orconverting it into bedroom accommodation, if a permanency. It was agreed to

o b t ain plans and estimates for the ne w p r o posal.

It was obvious that aII the schemes would be very expensive and a special o f the General Committee was held on February r6 , meeting

r 9 go, with

Mr. T. B. Clapham (Deputy Chairman) presiding, to review the situation. Mr. Francis Lorn e was present. Mr. Clapham said that the C o m m i t tee felt t hat the estimated

figureof

some fr go,ooo for t h e f u ll r e b u ilding scheme seasmore than the Club's r43

THE

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finances could bear, and Mr. L orne was asked to put forward alternative

schemes as follows: i i) Leaving ou t t h e b e droom a l terations in t h e m a i n b l ock a n d omitting the members' cafeteria and extra ladies' section in the

Kitchen Block. ;2) Leaving out cafeteria.

o nly t h e b e droom a l terationsand the

m e mbers'

It was hoped on t hese lines to secure a building programme costing

appr oximately Xyg,ooo.

The question of rebuilding was again considered b); a special committee,

and in September, r9po, the General Committee agreed that the quarters comprising the present kitchen and Native compound blocks were obsolete

and not in keeping vvith the remainder of the Club. Thev agreed in principle that architect's plans should be prepared for the old block to be pulled down and reconstructed, and that therefore no further amounts be spent of an essential capital nature on purely temporary improvements to those

quarters. They agreed that plans for a ladies' section might be postponed; but also agreed that such a section would be bon e i n

m i nd as so many

members desired it. A sub-committee, con!Isting of Messrs. Denoon Duncan, T. B. Clapham and J. Boyd, met, Mr. Lorne on September r8. Mr. Lorne reported that the kitchen and Native quarters could be built without interfering with a major building scheme but that the supporting pillars and vvalls for a ladies' section would have to be constructed, though there was no need

to Imish oIF such floors until the ladies' section plan had been adopted. It was agreed to proceed with the limited scheme on those lines.

But a yvorsening financial position showed that it would be dificult to embark upon any large building scheme involving heavy capital expenditure. The increasing cost of running the Club gave succeeding Committees a good many anxious moments. In s 9g r there was a deficit of S g, z9 g on Revenue and Expenditure Account, and an overalldeficit of Eg,60t. A rising cost-of-living allowance increased the cost of stafF and wages by ~2,gas, and members spent less freely and the revenue from bar and catering began to fall steadily.

T h e r i sing cost of all commodities made

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it impossible to budget accurately and it became clear that drastic changes

in the Financing of the Club would have to be considered. The position was comprehensivelv reviewed in a memorandum by the

r9$z Committee under the Chairmanship of Mr. J. Voelcker and the Deputy Chairmanship of Mr. W. Patrick Jones. As showing how costs had risen, it v~as stated that in r 9$o the cost of the staff was kyi , 7op, while in i 9 $ i

i t w a s X ~ , o 89 . I n r 9 $ o the meat bill was X4,ops and in

i9$t i t was k$,62g, despite the fact that over five thousand fewer meals were served. T h e C o m m ittee made four suggestions for meeting the position. T h e first was an increase in subscriptions. The subscription of Town members was fixed as far back as i 9o6 at four guineas a quarter and,

since then, although everything had increased in cost, it had only been raised to Five g a quarter. T h e C o m m ittee recommended:

uineas

(i) The raising of the subscription of Town members to six guineas a quarter; the subscription of Country members residing xvithin

coo miles of Johannesburg to be seven guineas a year, and Country members living outside a radius of 2oo miles to be five guineas per artium; and absentee members to bethree guineas per annum.

(z) To allow the Town membership limit to be raised from 9y$ to >,oy$. T h e C o m mittee planned to admit $o more m embers as a preliminary step and add the remaining $o as from time to time it considered expedient.

(3) To use the space on the ground floor occupied bv the secretarial o%ces as shop premises and place the secretarial offices on the second floor.

T h e r e nts from the new shops would amount to

about Kz,$oo a year.

(y) To allow lady guests on Friday and Saturday nights, which would assist towards overhead charges and increased revenue. These suggestions for increasing subscriptions and raising the membership were placed before a special general meeting on May tg ,

i 9 $2. A t

the meeting Sir George Albu moved that the recoinmendations be held o ver pending a full i n vestigation and report by the C ommittee on t he

feasibility of placing the catering in the hands of an outside caterer. The Chairmm (Mr. Voelcker) pointed out that the catering manager' s '4$

T HE

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iunctions vvent far beyond providing meals for members. H e was responsible for the operation of the kitchen and the bar and the running of

the compound which housed sixty Natives of the Club.

servicin gall the departinents

T h e C ommittee did not know of anv club which to-Ilav let

its catering to an outside caterer.

H e u n derstood that one club had tried

it and thatfor a period of a few weeks it vvas successful but after that the s tandard was l o vvered and a f te r n i n e m o n th s t h e c o n t r act h arl t o b e «band oned. Sir George Albu's motion was heavily defeated. The resolution increasing the Town membership to a maximum of

I , oyer

w«s cal'I led bv 7 I vo tes to $2 b u ' t as il tw o-thirds majority h«d not been obtained it vvas declared lost. lvas passed bv I i g to 7 , was declared carried.

T h e r e solution raising the subscriptions

and th e t w o -thirds majority being obtained it

T h e s cheme for alterations to th e building was

accepted, The scheme suggested bv Mr. Francis Lorne would have given a wonderful

Club House with the Fox Street Building

comp letelyi ntegr«ted into i t .

Some idea of what might have been achieved is shown in the fine coloured drawings that can be seen in th e secretarial offices. But though the L o rne scheme had to b e pu t aside fo r the Commi t tee p r o m ptly

t h e t im e b eing,

w e n t a h ead w i t h t h e m o r e m o d est c hanges.

The Club architects, Messrs. Gardiner and McFayden, were instructed to d raw the plans and over 2 2 , ooo vvas spent in c ar rying t hem o ut . t urning of t h e

Th e

s ecretarial offices on t h e g round fl oo r i n t o s hops on t h e

Commissioner St reet c o r ne r

b r o u gh t i n a d d i t i onal r e v enue o f X g , o oo

instead of th e I 2 , g o o o r i ginally estiinateil. R o o m s o n t h e second floor were provided fo r t h e Secretary and his staff.

The ladies were provided with a beautifully furnished powder room with m irrored avails at a cost of k i , o o o . The suggestion that t h ere should b e g uest nights fo r l a d ies had been Iubmitted to a ballot of th e m embers and was accepted by a 77 per cent majority. A t

t h e f i rst ladies' guest night in N o vember, I 9 g 2 , t here were

gl 8 applications for dinner and it was necessary to ballot for the Iyo seats available. A

y e a r l ater the Committee reported that there had been yi I+6

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Friday ladies' nights with an attendance of g,ot 9 m embers and guests, the average attendance being yg .

Th e n e t p r o fi t p e r n i ght o n c atering h ad

been L8 and on the bar ks8 and the total additional revenue accruing had been nearly Xr ,ooo, w h ich was considered " q u it e satisfactory" .

La r l i es'

nights vvere extended to Saturdays; but Fridays vvere evidentlypreferred and eventually the Saturday nights vvere dropped.

Then at a special general meeting in January, >9g3, a resolution raising t he Tovvn membership to a m a x imum o f > , t o o w a s carried by g 8 v o t e s to 2 g.

T he C h a i rman ( Mr. V o e lcker) e x plained t hat t h e C o m m i t t e e were asking for povver to r a ise the to ~, to o should they consider

figure

fit, but in practice they vvould only admit another >g members and then re-assess the position. even if g o

T h e v ha d g8o candidates on their vvaiting list and

w e r e ad mi tted i t w o u l d g i v e an i n c r eased revenue alone o f'

r ,2oo guineas and w o ul d g i v e a p proximately L y , oa o t o g o t o C a p i t a l R eserve Fund to meet th e heavy expenditure that w o uld have to b e m e t in the near future. Up to September, t 9 g3, onl y g2 of the additional t, roo Town members v vere elected. T h e C o m m i t t e e w atched the position carefully and " d i d not consider the Club o v ercrovvded", The Committee gave much thought to the question of securing the most e%cient management of the Club and in ~9g1 sought the advice of an efhciency expert vvho, apart fro m beirg a Chartered Accountant, had had f ifteen years of %Vest End o f

L o n don and South A f r i can hotel and c l u b

e xperience in managerial positions. H e m ade a survey and report on t h e s upervision and contro l o f

t h e C l u b . l t d i vas also decided to appoint a

general manager for t h e C l u b . Th e p o s i t ion w a s extensively advertised and some hundred applications were received from o versea and forty-five

locally. Th e post vvas given to Major F. J. Reynokls, who was appointed in January, x 9 g3, bu t r e signed in July, t9gy, t o t ak e another post, and no successor was appointed. The Secretary, Mr. George Breckneii,resigned in February, t9p2, and Mr. A .

C . d u T o i t , w h o had been a tnember of th e C lub staH since t 9 2 9

and was m ade Assistant Secretary i n

from January

t 9 g t , w a s a p pointed Secretary as

T HE

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On the day of the King's funeral in February, i 9gz, the portal o f t h e Club House was draped in purple. In the following May the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II was celebrated on a lavish scale. N e w c u rtains were bought for t h e d i n ing-room at a cost of X g i9 a nd an a wning was bought f or the entrance of the Club H o use while the exterior and the interior o f

the building were suitably decorated. A special Coronation Dinner on Ma> 29 was attended by one hundred and eighty-six m embers and t h ei r w i v es. T h e t o ast o f H e r M a j estv Queen E lizabeth the Second vvas proposed by the Chairman. O n June z there was a Coronation Ball at w h i c h

t h ere w ere Five hundred and eighty-Five

members and guests. The celebrationhad been very carefullyorganized and was much appreciated by the members; and at the annual meeting

the Chairman (Mr. J. Voelcker) was able to r e p or t t hat on th e fi nancial s ide of the celebration " w e

b r o k e practically even" .

A lthough the cost of r u n n ing the Club had steadily increased after t h e Second %'orld W ar , t h e M anaging Conunittees did not stint expenditure on the improvement of the Club House. In r 9y8 the bar had been extended at a cost of about L. r,ooo. In i ygo new carpeting and a considerable amount o f re-upholstering and o t he r

i m p r ovements involved an e xpenditure o f

nearly L,y,ooo, which was charged to Capital Reserve Account. the dome of the Club H ouse alone cost Xzgz.

R e p airing

M o s t v i sitors to th e Rand

Club agree that the entire b u i l d ing is exceptionally we ll m a intained and

that ail the appointments are of the highest quality. The Club abo secured consolidated title to its five stands as Stand i8g.

In c i d entally, the triennial

Municipal valuation in rq@9 raised. the valuation by no less than X,6r,ooof rom L,iyg,ooo to X z 3g,ooo.

T h e C o m m i t tee t oo k l egal opinion on t h e

q uestion o f m a king an o b j e ction t o t h e l a r ger a m ount bu t i n t h e e n d d ecided to let the matter d r o p . Discord in social clubs is usually only revealed in th e m i nute books of t he committee or i n

t h e s u ggestion and complaint b ooks placed at t h e

disposal of potential malcontents.

S o m etimes it i s b y n o m eans easy to

decide who gave the Committee xnost trouble, the servants or the Members. AII social institutions, too , storms.

h ave occasionally to w e ather temperamental

E v e n in t h e annals of so exclusive an institution as the Carlton iy8

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h FT ER

Club in London one reads that in t 8 g g the Duke of Buckingham once "called attention t o

t h e u n fair m anner i n w h i c h m e mbers helped themselves to

the rice pudding", while other members complained of the "insolence" of servants and the "keyhole-listening" of the night porter. In the m i n u tes of th e

C o m m i t tee o f t h e R and C l u b t h ere are a f e w

cotnplaints of t h e discourteous behaviour of a ca t e rer or a s e rvant, a nd one or two decisions to suspend a, member for ill manners; but the majority

of the incidents

form allyr eported w ere of a v er y

t r i v ial nature. T h e r e

m ay have been more trouble i n t h e early years of the C l ub, but t h ere i s n ow no evidence on the po in t For i f t h ere w er e " g r u m bl e books" t h e n t hev have been lost . T he s u r v i v ing " s uggestion and c o mplaint" b o o k begins with t 9t t, a nd though the entries cover forty-four years there are

only seventy-odd pages ofthem, and sometimes weeks or even months went by i v i t hout a inember taking pen and ink t o

r e c or d a grievance.

There wvould, indeed, have been still fewer entries but for the activities

of awell-known member of the French community on the Rand (M. Paul Dreyfus) who a cted as a sort o f o n e -man vigilance committee watching over the interests of all who used the dining-room , T h i r t v o f th e entri es in the book are i n h i s famihar handwriting, and t hey al l r elate to l apses on the part o f

t h e c h ef.

Year after year the entries in th e book have marginal notes in the neat

calligraphv of ' ' J.M.B." ( J . M . Buck4nd), who watched over the Club with me t i c ulous care and i m m ense patience.

O n l y o n c e di d h e appear

to be peeved at the activities of the indefatigable M. Dreyfus. In December, t9t8, M . D r e y fus wrote : " I s u g gest that the chef be sent to a c o o k ery school to l earn how t o m ake chip p otatoes." "J.M,B.'s" marginal note was: "There appears to be no ground of complaint.

T h e Committee

deprecate the f r i v olous terms i n w h i c h t his complaint i s couched." But M. D r evfus was not a man to be crushed. H e

b i d ed his time and

then returned to the attack. F i ve years later, in June, x9zg, there appeared

in his clear round handwriting the entry: " I d one, that t h e

c hef be sent, to a c o o kery school t o l e arn ho~v to m a k e

f ried, chi p an d saute potatoes." the margin :

suggest, as I have already

T hi s t i m e " J.M.B." merely wrote in " N o t e d " , an d OEered no further comment. M . D r e y fus was I+9

T HE

RA N D

C LU B

c ertainlv r egarded as th e accepted m o u t hpiece of

t h o se w h o u sed t h e

dining-room, for vvhen he went overseas in t9gs another member made the following entry i n t h e Suggestion Book: "During the temporary absence of M. Paul Dre~fus I feel that the indifferent qualitv of't he sausages should not pass vvithout comment." Most of th e c o m plaints were about food served cold, Ash that was not f resh, salad that contained too m u c h o i l , b acon that w as no t c ri sp, an d so on. There were, however, numerous demands for particular brantls o f liquor o r

c i g arettes, or f o r a g r e ater v ariety o f f r esh f r u it , an d t h e

marginal notes usually either acceded t o

t h e r e q uests or d e clared t h at

i nquiries would b e m ade into th e m a tter . T here were, however, occasionally points of more general interest. I n ~9>y a member wvrote: " I w o u l d s uggest to t h e C o m m i t te e t hat t h e y follow th e e x ample of employ w o m e n

t h e A t h enaeum and other ol d L o n do n c l ubs and

w a i t r esses instead o f t h e i n c o m p etent d e r el icts n o vv

inHicted upon the long-sulfering members."

"J.M.B.'s" marginal note

v vas: "'The position does not yet appear to call fo r t h i s c o urse."

But a

fellow-member r e m i nded the g r u m b ler t hat a w a r divas on, and advised him to exercise a lit tle patience for th e t i m e being. O ne member divas less interested i n m e als than in t h e m a nners of hi s

fellows.In

t 9a g he wrote: "I have to complain that so-called gentlemen wvalk into t'ais dining-

room bringing their literature; and divide their time between their books and their provender. T o m e it appears that if a man is a gentleman he ought to do his reading upstairs, get on with his eating, ease the catering sta8' of his presence, and read his book upstairs, Is the

dining-room of the Rand Club going to be turned into a cheap-jack A.B.C. lunch room~ My idea of a dub dining-room is a place where you go to have your dinner, and when you are seized with the tilea that you ought to know something, then go downstairs. To this screed the patient " J.M.B." w r ote " N oted" . B u t i n t 9 z y the same member discovered another breach of good manners. He wrote in

the Suggestion Book: "I would like to know why a Reciprocity Member from the Victoria

SECON D

W O R LD

W AR

h Y D A ET ER

Club, Maritzburg, marched into my club vvearing grey flannel pants and a blazer, and sat at the Chairman's table without any remonstrance

on his part?" On this occasion " J.M.B." initialled the entry and did not even add his usual "Noted" . W o r d s evidently failed him. There were apparently no complaints lodged against "Head Porter" Preston. B u t

t h a t m asterful individual was rather a pr i v ileged person bv

r eason of his unvvavering loyalty t o

t h e m e m bers he served. U p o n o n e

occasion he was heard answering the t elephone, and the conversation ran upon these lines:

"Mrs. So-and-So speaking. Call my husband to speak to me." Preston: " Sorry, M um , h e i s n o t i n t h e C l u b . " M rs. So-and-So: " O h ,

b u t h e i s ; I k n o vv he is . H e to l d m e h e

would be th er e." Preston: " M u m , n o ' u sbands is ever in the club." By a process of t r i a l an d e r ro r

t h r o ugh several di%cuit p e r i ods, but

a lways with courage and faith in th e f u t ure o f t h e Rand, th e R and Q u b has now been placed upon a sound fmancial basis and can look ahead with

every confidence. Th e upkeep of an aging building necessarily involves considerable expenditure at intervals, but the establishment of the Capital R eserve Fund in

t 9 @9 made ample provision for such contingencies. A l l

entrance fees are paid into it , and w h il e normal current replacements and repairsare met out of revenue any special expenditure is charged to the Reserve Fund.

In ~9 5 g a l one th e e n t rance fees paid i nt o t h e a c count

totalled kto, t 59; the sum of L5,o29 was drawn for repairs, replacements of furniture and interior decoration, and the balance atthe end of the year still stood at f i 5

6 9 5 . T h e P r opertv A c count in r9 rooms — of which 62 are bedrooms — and four shops. T h e staH' numbers r 2> — Europeans y> and nonEuropeans go. In the main dining-room about 2og luncheons are provided every day. In addition, there are two e x tra rooms, one on th e First Hoor and the other in the basement near the billiard room, in which snacks are provided for x7g members a day.

The main bar of the Rand Club is such a striking feature of the building that visitors almost invariably comment, with surprise, on its length, and

there has been a good deal of discussion from time to time whether it is the longest in the world .

T h e i ssue was tested years ago when the

of6cial measurement of the bar of the Shanghai Club was obtained, which

was supposed to hold the world record in length. T h e Shanghai Club b ar was i t z feet, and the Rand Club bar was found to be ro3 feet.

But

the Shanghai Club was destroyed during the Second World War, and the Rand Club may now possibly have the longest bar in the British Common-

wealth — if not in the world. It would probably hold the record with ease were there included in the Hgure the length of the "overHow" bar in the former small lounge next to the main bar which is known as "Tommy's"

j i) '-,"; . i> W' p4(.". 8 Q

•e

~ gl .,;

~

' Al

•

gl.

•J

:,r 5're

1

1

t L: :

Large Private Dining Room.

4

'

•

II

4

f;i ik. i

I

r, j

il

5

I xit frnm stain Dining Room.

SECOND

w o lL L D W A R A N D

A F T ER

bar, after Colonel T. B. Clapham, who "fathered" the idea of this popular innovation.

A t p r e sent, however, t h er e is a w all b etween the main bar

and "Tommy's" bar, though perhaps in years to come it will be removed and the overflow bar added to the m ain bar. The Club House has been enriched by the purchases of the Committee

— which included the bust of President Kruger by Van Wouw, bought for

i2g guineas - and

by the generous gifts of members over many veats.

Trophies of the chase, photographs of old Johannesburg, portraits of' famous South A f r i cans, old m aps and

h i storic p i c t ures cover it s w a l ls.

Among its treasures is a full set of the copper standard weights and measures o f the original O t a nje V ri j

S taat. T h e l i b r ary i s w el l s t o cked and w el l

catalogued and the books alone are worth far more than the L.?,ooo to

which the library (including the valuable shelving) has been written down in the Club's balance sheet. I n

t h e m ai n cloakroom on th e ground floor

is an old weighing chair, much used by members and visitors to test their

weight beforeand aftera Rand Club luncheon. In the administration of the Club, control lies in the hands of the General Committee which is elected every year by the members. t hen elects its Chairman and Deputy Chairman.

T h e Commi ttee

T h o ugh t h ere is no r ul e

o n the po i nt , t h e p r esent practice i s f o r t h e C h airman t o ac t f o r t w o vears, at th e end o f

w h ic h t h e D e p ut v C hairman becomes Chairman.

T he General C o m m i ttee w or k

t h r o ugh th e Secretarv; an d t h ere i s a

Catering Manager under whom are threeheads of departments: (y) Head Barman, (b) Head %'aiter, (c) Chef. Unless all the prophets are vvrong, Johannesburg will continue to grow and there vvill always be a demand for m ore accommodation in th e Rand

Club. Bu t w hatever additions and

impr ovementsare made in its Club

H ouse, it i s u n l i k el y t hat th e R and C l u b i ~ill e ver l eave the site i t h a s

occupied since its founding sixty-eight years ago in the days when Johannesburg began as "the Camp" on the Heidelberg goldField.

Appendices S EQUENC E O F

CHAIR M E N

1 887-1 889 — DR. T. G. L Aw RENcE

19y2 — 19~ — F. E. R D B ERTS

r 889 — 189o —DR. HANs SAUER

19 ~ — r 9g6 — $V. A. M D R I s oN

1890 —189Q - JASIEs H. ABEL 189+ —1902 - J. M. B UCKLAND+

r 9y6 — r 9gS - JAMEs BDYD

1902 — 1 903 - J. ESIRYs EYANs

19gS —195o — D. DENooN DUNcAN

19o3 — 1932 - J. M. B U C KLAND 1932 —1938 - J. H. L . MA N IsTY r938 — r9@0 — R. H. SAwYER

1 95o —1951 — T. B. CLAPHAM

19go — 19g2 —DR. A. M AVRO C O R D A T O

ABEL

195I — l953- J, F. VO E LCKER 1953 — r955 — %. PATRICK JONES — J. M. Os BoRNE

S EQ U E N C E O F S E C R E T A R I ES 1 88y — 1888 —CAPTAIN

L.

D . H AY

18SS—1891 - J. H. K E N N EDY

Acting 19++-19@5 — Vacant. P. G. H . W EB B

1891 —1 892 — HENRI F.

19y5 — 1952 — GEo. BREcKNEI.L

1892 — 1902 — %. F .

H EA D

— Vacant. Ac t ing A. C .

S A V AGE

1 90 3 — 1 905 —C. GORDON

DU TOIT

1905 — 191 1 — D. F. R o BERtsoN 19 I I — 19g3 — A.

1953 —l 955 — A. C, D U T o I T — J. A. D. GI L L ESFIE

AEELECK

R KC I P R O C I T Y T he I%and Club is a n t e r m s of recipracit> w it h t h e f ollowing c l ubs: B loemfontein C l u b

C ivil Service Club, Cape T o w n

Bulawayo Club Bath Club, London Caledonian Club, London City Club, Cape Town

Devanshire Club, L o ndon

Durban Club East india and Sports Club, London Fast London C l ub

+ A. W i l k i n son was C h a i r man of C aretaker C o m m i t tee during t h e w a r . 135

ТНК

К Л М П С 1. и В

КЕСІ РКО СІ ТТ — Соп11пиед Епфз Ь С1иЬ, І оиг епсо Маг сІ иез 3ипі ог СагІ йоп С1оЬ, ї опав Катпра11 СІ Ю ТЬ, І Лдапда Кзі пЬегІ еу СІ Ю ТЬ Мо 1пЬа.а С1иЬ

Хаі г оЬі СІ Ю ТЬ Рог й ЕІ иаЬей СІ ЮТЬ Ка1і зЬигу СІ Ю ТЬ

'І .І БТ

ОР

Боиг Ь АІ г і сапІ Чаi а1 С1иЬ, Япюпз~омп

й. ЬйерЬепз С1иЬ, І опдоп ТІ 1е Коу а1 ВасЬе1ог*з С1иЬ,

OEо1ЬепЬпгд Тг а~:еІ І егз' СІ Ю ТЬ, І опдоп Тяг а С1цЬ, Саі г о І .І пйаі і СІ пЬ %сйог і аСІ ЮТЬ, Рі ег еггпагйкЬигц

М Е М В ЕК Б

РАТКОХ1 Н1в Кот ли Н1а н мк з в Тн к Оц к к о к і Ч1мв вок , к . с . ~0епо1ез Ці е Мет Ьег

1 9о5 — А1И.КП, НОМ.

Р . В. , М .С. ,

ч.п. ~' 1913 — Аввот т Н.

1938 — Амв1.кк, Ж. 1.

1 91о — Аплмв, Т. Б.

Ампккввом, У. І . 1 91 8 — А1.в11~

Апь~чоктн, Е. Н. 1932 — А1тв1лми 1 Н. 1.Р.

1 939 — Аискм, А. Б. 1 9ло — Аслвткк, Н. Е) . 1 9а1 — Авккю, Е. М .

Аксн1вльо, Я. С. Амє iли, С. С.

1 9й~ — Авк~, І Х М.

1937 А1Л-км~

В.

Ампккввом, І . Р. І ..

1 912 — Ас1г г г , К. С.

1 93л — А1.1.км, М.

А 1л.лм, Ж.

Н . Р ., м . в . к .,

1 9І .3 — Ампкквом, К.

К.

Ампкпвом, 3. С. С. 1 9+І .— Аплмв, ) . К. 1 94.6 — Ампкввои, К.

Аситт, К. С.

С. 3 .

л рр ЕмІ н с ЕБ

А —Соайі пиаї ~ 947 — АвІ ЯБОМ, Ч~.

i 9~~ — Акмьт коюс Т . Р . І . А мв Екз ом, Р. Н.

Амвккьом. С. В. Аткпюом, К. О. Ажт н, Е. С.

Лмвє мом, О. І . Е. Аплм5 Т . Аввь ом, ~ .

1 948 — А1-1$ом, А. % 1 •

1 956 — А~.~.м, Е

'949 i 9~о — Апнч , К.

Е.

у.

С. , в . г . с .

Апсоск, ~. Е. „ ,7 — А , С. Н. , . .

А ккм кі с нт , С. Н .

, . . 9~~ — А~момв, І ~. І . ~ 9$г

К.

.

1.

Амв ~к ~омв

А кк1вс Е, Н.

С.

В ~896 —

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i9

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і 9 ~4 — Вкхснт, Ч. Л .

Нл мп .т о м

Валимк, В. І . i9

— ВЕп., Е.

~9 4 —

В~окм, 5, ~. Вакмь, А, Е.

,

,

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В.

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Вот в , ~лиЕь ~

Б.

ВлтЕмлм, Е. І .лн к Емс Е

Влпчєв, Т. Ч~. Т.

i 9 г 7 — ВкЕвьiл., Р. С. , и . с .

В~ЕЕккк, С.

Влп., А, Б. Вкiмк, 1. Ч., о .с .

i9~6 — Влмскон , І .

и9г ..~ —Влм.ом~, С. Б.

В отв, Ж.

Св к иц к

, ~

и 9г 6 — ВлтЕмлм, С~Ем І .

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м.с .

i~ ,

Аи ь т н ч

.

В~нос н, Вк . ЧЇ п.плм .

ВляЕт т І лх

О.

Вмвстз , К. ~., в .ь с . І ~7

« —

i« ~ «

< ~І у — В~кв, С. 5т . ]., м. с . ,

.

—

Влмг окв, Е. І -І . 1. , ]. 5 Ввнор, Н. $. Вшл., М. Ж . ] .

Вквт оiч , С.

.

І . . т Ч.

< 9 І .8 — Вклтнм л1тк, С. А .

, % . ]. .

К.

Ві ки, ]. Р, Влттт, С. В.

< 9~< — Виснли, ~%. Е. С.

,

.

, . . Вкоокз , Клт мо А. ~. Т . > м. с .

,

СКЕЕмвЕкс , Но м.

1 9 1 8— Склнлм> СЕк л к о 192о —СКЛТ, Г.

3ивт1сЕ 1.. С~'т ммЕ-Ет лмв , 51К Еч лм

1..

,

.

.

С., Вт .

1921 — С1вв1мя, Г . В. 1922 — СЕлк1мс , А.

Мк .

1 9 34 Сн-Е11-1лм

Н.

'935 — Сл1.1-о~'> А 19 36 — С1кючооо ,

1926 — Склт , ЗлмЕв

Ок .

К.

1

о.я.о.

92~ — Со Е, ~Ч11плМ

Сл1.1.лснЕК, 1Ч. ЪЧ., м. с .

т 928 — С1.Емт ом, Г к ЕОЕК1ск !64

А Р Р Е М Х) І С Е Ь

С — Сопі І пиеИ Слкі 1с к, С.

19ео —Соі і ві є, Е . ~. Т .

С.

Слвкєтт, ЧГ. Б., н .в .є .

19І 7 — Сі вв, Акс ні влі .в

, ~. . Скинт ня, Е. С. , м. с . СКє є мiє є я, Н. 1918 — СІ І і ммєк, Ю.

Скі 1с , 1. Т . СІ І кмєт , Е. М .

С.

СІ І ммє к, Н.

Л.

Сі 5нрокр Ч~ . Т .

Сі і і .і вклмв, А. 1 . Скі є м, С. Р. , в . ь . о . ,

19З9 — СОІ І І .Р, ~Ч. Н .

194

—

,

.

. Сi~т ммє -Еч лмз , 1. І Ч.

1941 — Сі ввомз , %Ч, ~. 19.Р — Сі і і .ЕЬР1Е, ~. А.

1 9~у — Соі і он-Соорє к , % .

О.

І 943 — СЕЕКЕі мС, І У. Е.

1 9 %— 3 САЗКЕЕЕ,

САІ .рі м, Н. М .

Слно , Е. Скоі і т , Р.

).

Со овг єі .І ОІ аi, Г.

Слтт , С. К . Н.

І 9 ~4 — Ск.ау 1 НЕс т ок

194$ — САквмє к Ї лмєз Скі єуєзом 1а . Е. ~ м.в .Е.

Соі ,рі є, Е. Ю.

194

Сі ввмо о в ,

—

,

Н.

]•

1944 — Слкві мє к, К. Е . Р . С кє і с С.

1.

19~1 — Сєі м, 11ОЕІ .

.

Скі зтт, І Ч. Н,

.

Скєємааоов, Ю. Е. ,

0 к . % й п .і лм

СІ ВІ ом, 1алі .рн САІ І вмєк, А.

М. В. Е.

Скєєм~чоов, Н. Н. ,

Р.

СЕШЕ,

С . ~. Сі і -і ом, К. Т . ,

М. В. Е.

в д.о.

Сі і вє, С. А.

1947

СКЕЕм, Н.

Н.

1 95і — Солвом-Тн о мюо м, ~. 7 ~ І 9~6 —СєєьНи, К . С.

, ~. ., . . Смл.оюлт , А. 1..

Сє иь11І .І ., ~, А.

Со мюм, Ю,

І 949 — СІ 1ме

Спвом, Н. Ю . Скємг єі л., Н. Е. Р. Сє тті .І ДЕ, М.

9 Л — Сі ввз, В. Н.

С.

С кі ємал'оор С.

Стслх , Е.

В ., в . з . о . ,

І бе

С.

Абаки ~

~9о~ — НАмккт, Н.

~9~~.—

,

. 1.

Ни~викт , ЪЧ. Н.

~ 9о4.— Нокмо о в , С. В. , в . в с .~ НАт мАм, 1. ~

НАмк ичз ом, 1. Н.

НАкт ос , Но м. С. 1

Н Ат мАм

В. Ж.

1 9о~ — НЕтм~оов, Р. С. '

НАккь , В. Оо и с ~лы

~9о6 — Ним~вт, Р. ~.~

НЕт мАММ,

~ 9о8 — НАт , Ек к о ~. С. ~ НА1с , Ю.

1 93 $ — НАт НОЕ, Б.

Нос с , А.

Н .~

Новс вом, 1. Мс О. Н Ас лкт , А.

19| з — Нцы, Сн Акь из ~ 9 ~— 7 Новс 9ом~ А. О.

,

. .

.

,

Нис нЕмь , Н.

Нил., Н. К. Накввкт, Як Ев жлк в , о.в.к.

.

.

В. , м . в . г ,

~9~8 — Ннвцкм, О.

К,

~ 9~9 — Н~сскктт , 1. Ю .

Нвччтт , Р. С. 3 Ио — НАнс ЕАмв , В.

~ , . . С. , м . с . .

М.

Норкичз, Н. % .

1 926 — НАФл.Амокв, Е. Б. .

.

1

~ 92 ~ — НАсс~Е, С. Б. , м , с .

,

Х.

,

Н.

1 9г 7 — НЕммо о в , С.

М.

~ 937 — Нокмв, К.

~ 9~8 — Н1мв, Е. М .

~92.~ — Нип., Н. К . ,

в . г .с .

~9~6 — НАкктьом, С. М . Но ыАс к , Р. А .

Ю.

~ 9 ~— 9 НАкк1я, К.

С.

Со к в о м

Но о с т Екр, 1. А. ,

Нн л -Ннт с начьом, С,, м.с . ~9~ ~ — Ноысвм, Нивккт и9и2 — Но~~дмз , С.

Ов с Ак

~ 9~~ — Норкпчз . В. Е.

Ногаев, С. М., с .в,к.

.

НАк ~ою,

~928 —НАслкт , К. В.

1 9~ь — НАммо мв , Р.

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A I' I' E N DIC E S

M —Continued MILNE, A . T . MELYILL, F.

M unn , R . A , M cCALL> W. R .

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MACLARTY, H . M .

M ATrHEws, D, E .

M cKEaRoN, R. G .

MOSENYHAL, P , H .

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M ACGmaov, R ,

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MENztEs, M .

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MILLS, E. T.

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M AasH, W . E . MEYER> A

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Ртотт, ~. Т.

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