R. G. Collingwood: A Research Companion 9781441154125, 9781474210904, 9781441134004

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R. G. Collingwood: A Research Companion

Also Available From Bloomsbury R.G. Collingwood’s Idea of History, Peter Johnson R.G. Collingwood: An Introduction, Peter Johnson

R. G. Collingwood: A Research Companion James Connelly, Peter Johnson and Stephen Leach

Bloomsbury Academic An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc

LON DON • OX F O R D • N E W YO R K • N E W D E L H I • SY DN EY

Bloomsbury Academic An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc

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www.bloomsbury.com BLOOMSBURY and the Diana logo are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc First published in 2009 by the Continuum International Publishing Group Ltd Reprinted by Bloomsbury Academic 2014 First published 2015 Paperback edition first published 2016 © James Connelly, Peter Johnson and Stephen Leach, 2015 James Connelly, Peter Johnson and Stephen Leach have asserted their right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as Authors of this work. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organisation acting on or refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Bloomsbury or the authors. British Library Cataloguing-­in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: HB: 978-1-4411-5412-5 PB: 978-14742-8641-1 ePDF: 978-1-4411-3400-4 ePub: 978-1-4411-4072-2 Library of Congress Cataloging-­in-Publication Data Connelly, James. R.G. Collingwood: a research companion / James Connelly, Peter Johnson and Stephen Leach. pages cm ISBN 978-1-4411-5412-5 (hardback) — ISBN 978-1-4411-3400-4 (epdf) — ISBN 978-1-4411-4072-2 (epub) 1. Collingwood, R. G. (Robin George), 1889-1943. I. Johnson, Peter, 1943- II. Leach, Stephen D. III. Title. B1618.C74C67 2015 192—dc23 2014018158 Typeset by RefineCatch Limited, Bungay, Suffolk Printed and bound in Great Britain

Contents 1 2 3 4 5 6

Introduction A Brief Biography Collingwood Family Tree Selective Chronology The Letters of R. G. Collingwood Primary Bibliographies I. Published Writings II. Unpublished Writings 7 Secondary Bibliographies I. Books and Articles II. Unpublished University Theses and Dissertations 8 Collingwood Archives

1 3 7 11 57 191 191 221

237 237 286

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Introduction

R. G. Collingwood (1889–1943) was a major philosopher whose work in aesthetics and in the philosophy of history is rightly regarded as seminal. In the fields of metaphysics, political philosophy and, to a lesser extent, the philosophy of nature, Collingwood’s writings continue to stimulate reflection and controversy. His writings on theology and the philosophy of religion retain their originality and significance. Collingwood was, too, a respected archaeologist whose investigations in the area of Romano-British archaeology were extensive, thought-­provoking and, in some cases, well ahead of their time. As this Research Companion shows, Collingwood’s published and unpublished writings in philosophy, history and archaeology, including autobiographical and miscellaneous material, are diverse and wide-­ranging. When we add to this large corpus of work the letters he wrote to a great variety of correspondents, many of whom were influential figures in the scholarly and academic life of the twentieth century, we arrive at a veritable Who’s Who of figures in Collingwood’s own circle – and beyond. Faced with a lifetime’s activity of such volume and intensity, students of his life and thought, both experienced and beginners, will surely appreciate a helping hand. By bringing together these many strands of Collingwood’s writings in one volume, it is the primary aim of the Research Companion to provide that help, structured in the most useful way possible. The need to catalogue exactly what Collingwood wrote and when he wrote it was recognised soon after his death, and all subsequent bibliographers owe a debt of gratitude to the first workers in this field: foremost amongst these are T. M. Knox, ‘Notes on Collingwood’s Philosophical Work: with a Bibliography’, Proceedings of the British Academy, 29, 1943, 469–75, and I. A. Richmond, ‘Appreciation of R. G. Collingwood as an Archaeologist’ and ‘R. G. Collingwood: Bibliography of Writings on Ancient History and Archaeology’, Proceedings of the British Academy, 29, 1943, 476–85. Bibliography, however, is a provisional science; its results are dependent on the material to hand. New discoveries have to be recorded and made available to researchers. All bibliographers build on the efforts of their predecessors and this work is no exception. Our forerunners in this enterprise include W. J. Van Der Dussen, History as a Science, The Philosophy of R. G. Collingwood, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague, 1981, Bibliography I, II, III and IV, pp.445–71; Donald S. Taylor, R. G. Collingwood, A

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R. G. Collingwood: A Research Companion

Bibliography, Garland Publishing, New York and London, 1988; and Christopher Dreisbach, R. G. Collingwood A Bibliographic Checklist, The Philosophy Documentation Center, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, 1993. For Collingwood’s manuscripts and papers in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, see the Catalogue of the Papers of R. G. Collingwood (1889–1943) (Dep. Collingwood 1–28), compiled by Ruth A. Burchnall, Bodleian Library, Oxford, 1994. As will be apparent from these references, it is close on two decades since the last major bibliography was published. In that time a significant quantity of writing by Collingwood, particularly reviews and letters, has come to light, and previously unpublished work by him in the philosophy of history, political philosophy and aesthetics has appeared in published form. Much new and often innovative writing on Collingwood, in particular scholarly monographs and articles, has been added to the already substantial secondary literature. Some of these contain highly specialised bibliographies of work in their particular fields of philosophy, history and archaeology. Our objectives in this Research Companion are, first, to provide a systematic, comprehensive, accurate and detailed listing of all Collingwood’s writings, including all the new material known to date; second, to provide an up to date bibliography of secondary works on Collingwood; and third, to aid the understanding of Collingwood’s intellectual biography by providing a calendar of his life and activities, together with a Family Tree describing his antecedents and family background. We will feel we have succeeded if, at the very least, we encourage all those who are interested in Collingwood to return to his work with a deeper appreciation of its scope and complexity. We are grateful to all those who have assisted with this project, particularly: R. G. Collingwood’s daughter, Mrs Teresa Smith; the many librarians and custodians of Collingwood material, including letters, who have answered our queries; our editors at Bloomsbury, Rhodri Mogford and Emma Goode, whose patience knows no bounds; and all those friends and family members whose enthusiasm for talking about the minutiae of Collingwood’s life and writings at any hour of the day or night almost equals our own. James Connelly is grateful for the support of the University of Hull which enabled him to visit archives at St Andrews, Cardiff, Oxford, Kendal and Ambleside and to employ Stephen Leach on archival work. The authors would be grateful to hear of any omissions from the primary bibliography and any additions to the secondary bibliography. JC, PJ, SL

2

A Brief Biography R. G. Collingwood was a noted philosopher, archaeologist and historian. As a philosopher his reputation rests mainly on his work in aesthetics and the philosophy of history. As an archaeologist and historian he worked mainly on Roman Britain. The connections between Collingwood’s researches in both of these fields are many and various. Readers may therefore find a short biographical account of his life and main works useful. Robin Collingwood* was born on 22 February 1889 in the village of Cartmel Fell at the southern end of Windermere. He was the son of William Gershom and Edith Mary Collingwood, who were both artists newly resident in the Lake District. When Collingwood was a young boy his parents moved to Lanehead, a house on the edge of a different lake, Coniston. Family life at Lanehead reflected the interests and values of his parents. Art, in the shape of music, sculpture and painting, was ever present and Collingwood, together with his three sisters, was encouraged to develop the skills of self-­expression and appreciation: such skills imply standards and standards imply discipline. Art was Collingwood’s first introduction to a life lived in common with others. He learnt that knowing meant doing, and doing would be impossible without the recognition that some achievements are better than others and that some represent an excellence which is unconditional. The belief that life should be shaped by art reflected the principles of John Ruskin, the great Victorian artist and social critic, who lived at Brantwood, a short walk away from the Collingwood home. W. G. Collingwood had been Ruskin’s secretary and in the course of his early upbringing his son grew to take this ideal to heart. The power of art to educate and transform remained a constant feature in all of Collingwood’s writings; but with the dawning of reflective thought he saw with rapidly increasing clarity that there were questions which art was unable to answer. His early schooling took place mainly at home and his years at Rugby School were rewarding only in the most formal and minimal sense. If Rugby was Collingwood’s educational engine, providing him with a formal training in Latin and Greek, his inspiration remained Lanehead and the example given to him by his parents. Listening to his mother playing the piano, as the sun rose over the lake in front of the family home, left Collingwood with an attachment to music that he never lost. The personal experience of following his father’s investigations in local history and archaeology sparked an involvement with history which deepened over time to become a major preoccupation. As with art, *  He took the second name George on his baptism in 1905.

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however, history raised puzzles that it was unable to solve and so Collingwood’s turn towards philosophy came naturally. Philosophy, art and history came to be the subjects that would dominate Collingwood’s life. They are the pillars on which his later academic reputation rests. In 1908 Collingwood arrived at his father’s old college, University College, Oxford, to begin his university education. By his own account he soaked himself not only in the life and literature of ancient Greece and Rome, but also in fine art and music, joining in discussions on contemporary philosophy and the problems of religious belief, as well as the contentious political and economic issues of the day. To many at the time it came as no surprise that, just over three years later, shortly before graduating with a congratulatory First in Classics, Collingwood was appointed a Fellow in Philosophy at Pembroke College, Oxford. This was a post he would hold until 1935 when he moved to Magdalen College, Oxford to replace J. A. Smith, a philosopher Collingwood greatly admired, as the holder of the Chair of Metaphysical Philosophy. What would now be called Collingwood’s teaching and research was a reflection of his startling intellectual range and ambition. At Oxford, Collingwood was uniquely a teacher of both archaeology and philosophy. An early disciple of realism in philosophy, Collingwood soon became dissatisfied with its simplistic account of knowledge and its inability to explain any form of human communication beyond the most elementary. Human understanding is diverse, both in theory and practice, so it is the job of philosophy to uncover the forms of understanding which make human beings what they are. Art, religion, science, history and philosophy itself are distinct modes of thought, each with its own presuppositions. Collingwood was a polymath by inclination and upbringing; however, in the early 1920s, under the influence of the fashionable school of Italian Idealist philosophers Croce, de Ruggiero and Gentile, he saw the need to become one from philosophical choice. But Neo-Hegelianism, the creed seeping into Oxford thought from across the Channel, was anathema to the empiricist mainstream of English philosophy which followed Bertrand Russell in his view that the methods of philosophy were abstract and analytical. For Collingwood, however, a philosophy modelled on the procedures of scientific enquiry was, particularly in the aftermath of a devastating world war, precisely not what was needed. Written under the influence of Italian idealism, Speculum Mentis (1924) was Collingwood’s first book to be published after the First World War. It reflected a shift from the realism present in his youthful first work, Religion and Philosophy (1916), to a philosophical idealism which was intended both to transcend the weaknesses of realism and to find room for its obvious strengths. In politics, no less than in philosophy, Speculum Mentis was a work of reconciliation, but in 1924 Collingwood’s philosophy of practice was largely undeveloped and so in a series of important articles in the second half of the decade he began to examine economics and politics from a philosophical point of view, building the foundations for the historically informed philosophical liberalism which is his defining stance in political philosophy. The pattern of Collingwood’s working life was set by his appointment to the Fellowship at Pembroke. Writing and lecturing during term times was balanced with archaeological work during the vacations, when he would get his hands dirty in directing excavations mainly at Roman sites in the north of England. Collingwood’s

A Brief Biography

5

philosophical account of history went hand in hand with this detailed experience of how knowledge in history was actually acquired. Such work, on Hadrian’s Wall and Roman inscriptions (to take two of the better known examples), was both time-­ consuming and exhausting, but the many books and articles he published subsequently laid the basis both for Collingwood’s reputation as one of the foremost historians of Roman Britain and for many of his insights into how historical method works. Collingwood’s reflections on history throughout the 1920s told him that realism as an account of historical method was a failure. Developing an alternative would take much of Collingwood’s time in the following decade. Indeed, the distinctive insights of Collingwood’s own philosophy of history, that history is both a systematic form of knowledge and autonomous, emerged gradually in lectures and papers written during the 1930s and then collected posthumously as The Idea of History (1946). In Speculum Mentis the nature of the unity of the human mind was Collingwood’s main preoccupation. Even so, during the 1930s the idea of a phenomenology of human knowledge slipped into the background of Collingwood’s thinking, with philosophy and its relations with history receiving greater prominence and direction. It is not that philosophy defects in favour of history but rather, as the elegantly argued Essay on Philosophical Method (1933) with its stress on the doctrine of the scale of forms clearly shows, that neither philosophy nor history can be construed independently of the other. This position is stated quite explicitly in his Autobiography (1939), where he speaks of searching for a rapprochement between philosophy and history and between theory and practice. If these are Hegelian aims it nonetheless remains the case that Collingwood’s treatment of them is distinctively his own. In the years following the publication of An Essay on Philosophical Method Collingwood’s attempts to chart the relations between philosophy and history take more than a single route. His lectures on nature, delivered in 1933–4 and posthumously published as The Idea of Nature (1945), replicate his technique in his philosophy of history. Historical periods are characterised by different conceptions of nature, as they are of history. This does not mean that the philosophy of science becomes the history of science or that the philosophy of history becomes the history of philosophy. Philosophy has its own distinctive character and mode of operation. Indeed, no rapprochement with history would be possible if that were not the case. Later, in An Essay on Metaphysics (1940), Collingwood examined how history was related to metaphysics, resisting the claim that metaphysics is a science of pure being and insisting instead that metaphysical questions are historical questions. In this book the ideas which make up a given way of life or intellectual discipline are analysed further into absolute and relative presuppositions. Metaphysics is analysis, but historical analysis of a special kind. The nature of history was Collingwood’s main preoccupation in philosophy during the mid-1930s, but it was not his only one. Aesthetics continued to exert a strong fascination over him and so in 1937, turning once again to the nature of art and the role played by art in human education and development, he wrote The Principles of Art (1938), the work which contains the mature statement of Collingwood’s expressionist view of art. The distinction it formulates between art and craft is often seen as basic to any aesthetics worth the name. Moreover, there is much in the book, on the philosophy

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R. G. Collingwood: A Research Companion

of language and on philosophical psychology (to take two examples), which is valuable to philosophers quite independently of their role in Collingwood’s own theory of art. Collingwood’s title indicates his belief that art has principles which can be revealed through philosophical investigation and that it is the job of the philosopher to tell us what these are. It is worth noting that The Principles of History (1999) operates in a similar way. This was written in 1939 but left uncompleted, and for many years was lost. It was intended by Collingwood to be his final work in the philosophy of history. Illness, travel and political events are the governing features of Collingwood’s last years. Events in the form of the rise of Fascism and, as Collingwood thought, the weakness of the western democracies in facing up to it, are the essential political background to Collingwood’s later writings, in particular The New Leviathan (1942), his masterpiece in political philosophy. These later writings are not, however, isolated from his earlier work or from his philosophy of history. In The Idea of History Collingwood took the view that human understanding follows the model of historical understanding. He also argued that there is nothing in this claim which requires that human action is always at the mercy of events or that our place in history is pre-­ determined. It is in this spirit that Collingwood challenged the policy of appeasement adopted by the Chamberlain government as the only method for dealing with Nazi Germany, and wrote The New Leviathan to convince his fellow citizens that in the face of barbarism a rational defence of liberalism is both necessary and possible. There is no doubt that Collingwood’s worsening health throughout the second half of the 1930s influenced what he decided to write about and when, if not the content of his writing. An Autobiography (1939) was written in its author’s belief that he did not have long to live, and he passed his work on Roman inscriptions to another archaeologist to complete. This was later published as The Roman Inscriptions of Britain (1965), with R. P. Wright. Recuperation from illness and travel are often found together. Travel gave Collingwood the opportunity to write as well as to recover from the series of strokes which he suffered during the late 1930s. His long sea voyage to the Dutch East Indies produced An Essay on Metaphysics (1940) and a diary of his experiences, the Log of a Journey to the East Indies 1938–9, now published for the first time in An Autobiography and Other Writings (2013). The First Mate’s Log of a Voyage to Greece in the Schooner Yacht Fleur de Lys in 1939 (1940), although not itself a philosophical work, is full of insights into Collingwood’s life and thought, as well as being a vivid record of immediate pre-­war experience. The New Leviathan (1942), bravely written while its author was experiencing, especially towards the end of its composition, increasing physical frailty, was Collingwood’s final work. The completion of The New Leviathan stands as a testimony to Collingwood’s powers of endurance, to his energy as a philosopher and to his belief that philosophy should not be practised too far from the challenges of life. With his text for troubled times finished and ready to be published Collingwood moved back to Lanehead, the house near Coniston where his life’s direction had been formed, and where he died on 9 January 1943.

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Collingwood Family Tree

4

Selective Chronology This chronology is an indicative outline listing of formative events and experiences in Collingwood’s life. It does not aim at completeness; it should complement the guide to Collingwood’s correspondence and the bibliographies, without excessive duplication. Footnotes and references have been used sparingly to ensure readability. Further details of leading characters can be found elsewhere in this Companion.

Oxford Terms Michaelmas Term: October–December Hilary Term: January–March Trinity Term: April–June

Abbreviations C & W: Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society RGC: Robin George Collingwood WGC: William Gershom Collingwood, RGC’s father

1889  2 February. Robin Collingwood born at Gilhead, Cartmel Fell, Lancashire. [He added the name George upon his baptism in 1905.] His father was William Gershom Collingwood [WGC] and his mother Edith Mary (Dorrie) Collingwood [EMDC]. 1891  1 June. Family move to Lanehead, by Coniston Water, close to John Ruskin at Brantwood. WGC was Ruskin’s private secretary from 1881 until his death in 1900. 1894  Helped his father with the proofs of Thorstein of the Mere which was dedicated to him. 1897  First encounter with Abbott’s translation of Kant’s Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals: ‘I felt that the contents of this book, although I could not understand it, were somehow my business: a matter personal to myself, or rather to some future self of my own . . . I felt as if a veil had been lifted and my destiny revealed’ (Autobiography, p.5).

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1897  First appearance of the family magazine Nothing Much. This, and its successors, contained stories and pictures by members of the family. 1897  4 June. WGC left for his trip to the Saga Steads of Iceland with Jan Stefánsson. He returned at the end of August. From Iceland he sent a remarkable and detailed series of letters addressed in turn to each member of the family, together comprising a full account of his travels. 1899  January. Making a phonograph and slides for his microscope. 1900  20 January. John Ruskin died. 1900  25 January. RGC attends Ruskin’s funeral. Ruskin was buried in Coniston churchyard; WGC designed a gravestone in the form of a Celtic cross. 1900  April and May, meetings of the Mongoose Club and the appearance of the magazine the Weekly Cat of Puffapatam. 1900  December. Wrote a detective story for Nothing Much. The detective’s name was Max Howler. 1901  Made gunpowder which he exploded in a brass cartridge. Reported to have said: ‘I consider that a most satisfactory explosion’, after being blown across the room. 1901  Looked at excavations at Derwent Castle and began taking archaeological walks with WGC. 1901  August. Opening of the Ruskin Museum, Coniston. 1902  September. Began attending Charney Hall School, Grange-­over-Sands. 1902  Much talk, in ‘Collingwood’s Daily Epistle’ (his daily letter home), of Rudyard Kipling and the Just So stories. 1902  May. A sketching tour in the fells with WGC; RGC wrote an account for Nothing Much. 1903  Summer. Meets Arthur Ransome. 1903  William Collingwood, WGC’s father, died. William Collingwood was a painter and a member of the Plymouth Brethren. 1903  June. Wins a scholarship to Rugby School. 1903  September. Travels to the Hebrides with WGC and his sister Dora.

Chronology

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1903  24 September. Travels by train to Rugby School. 1903  October. Seriously injures knee playing rugby football. 1904  June. Arthur Ransome stays at Lanehead for three weeks. 1904  August. Travels to Norway with WGC. 1905  Taking photographs with his new camera. 1905  7 June. Baptised at Rugby School and takes the name George. Also has operation on knee and begins playing the violin. 1905  August. Edits What Ho! A Summer Annual. Includes a poem by Ransome. 1906  Maiden speech to Rugby School Debating Society – a defence of patriotism. 1906  27 March. Confirmed by the Bishop. 1906  September. Became head of house at Rugby School. 1907  RGC submits plan of earthworks at Crosby Ravensworth to the Transactions of the C & W (Vol. 8, p.372). 1907  September. Helped WGC in excavating Ewe Close, a native village of the Romano-British period in Westmorland. 1907  WGC becomes Professor of Fine Art at University College, Reading. 1907  September. Trip to Hadrian’s Wall by Rugby School. 1907  12 October. Opposes the motion that ‘socialism is a grave danger’ at the Rugby School Debating Society. 1907  November. Presented a paper on the Volsunga Saga at Rugby School. 1907  December. Offered scholarships by University College and Merton College. 1908  Won the Rugby School prize for Harmony and was given copies of Ernest Newman’s Musical Studies and Programme Music. 1908  Presented ‘The Devil in Literature: An Essay upon the Mythology of the Evil One’ to Eranos, Rugby School. 1908  June. Raced with Arthur Ransome in the boats Swallow and Jamrach on Coniston Water.

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1908  September. Working at Ewe Close with WGC and visited Eden valley. 1908  7 October. Went up to University College, Oxford. His tutor was E. F. Carritt, with whom he became close friends. Befriends F. A. Cockin and A. E. J. Rawlinson. Organizes his rooms and hires a piano. 1908  October. Befriends G. H. Stevenson, a University College don, who had recently been digging at Corbridge and who recommended that RGC call on F. J. Haverfield. 1908  12 October. Begins attending Bach choir practice, and has his voice tested by Dr Allen, choirmaster. 1908  15 November. Receives an invitation to play in a ‘Highly Superior’ quartet, led by a nephew of the violinist Joseph Joachim, Harold Joachim, who became a close personal and philosophical friend. 1909  27 January. Attends Gilbert Murray’s inaugural lecture on ‘The Interpretation of Ancient Greek Literature’. 1909  April. Excavating at Banniside with WGC. 1909  15 April. Elected to the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society, together with F. G. Simpson. 1909  8 May. Accepts the post of Secretary to the Oxford Architectural and Historical Society for the coming year. 1909  9 May. Elected as secretary of the literary society the Martlets, and President for coming term. 1909  May. Reading Aegean archaeology; admitted by D. G. Hogarth as a private student at the Ashmolean library. 1909  July. Attends the summer conference of the Christian Union at Chatsworth. 1909  October. Becomes College Secretary of the Musical Union. 1909  October. Wins the Connington College Prize for Latin Scholarship. Gives a talk on Robert Browning to the Martlets, attended by Carritt and Stevenson. 1910  WGC resigns as Professor of Fine Art at University College, Reading. 1910  June. Travels to Switzerland with his sister Ursula to visit his mother’s Swiss relatives.

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1910  July. First Class in classical moderations. 1910  September. Archaeological excursion with Haverfield to Corbridge and elsewhere. 1910  October. Begins Greats. Attends John Cook Wilson’s lectures and classes and also lectures on Roman Britain by Haverfield. 1910  26 November. Attends Professor J. A. Smith’s Inaugural Lecture, Knowing and Acting. 1910  14 December. Rehearsal of RGC’s Toy Symphony, conducted by him. 1911  Visited Corbridge (excavated by Haverfield) and met the archaeologist M.V. (Marjorie Venables) Taylor, with whom he later collaborated in producing an annual survey of work on Roman Britain in the Journal of Roman Studies. Drew contour survey of Hardknot Castle and of Watercrook. 1911  18 January. Performance of the Toy Symphony at 16 London Road, Reading. 1911  May. The Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies founded. 1911  July. Attends archaeological excursion of the C & W. 1911  August. Working on the excavation at Corbridge. 1911  10 November. Reads a paper on ‘Romano-British Settlements in Westmorland’ to a meeting of the OU Antiquarian Society held in his rooms. 1912  From this time onwards RGC is associated with ‘The Group’ or ‘Cumnor Circle’ – the religious Modernists organised by B.H. Streeter and meeting at Lily Dougall’s house in Cumnor. 1912  Acquired various books by Benedetto Croce, including Filosofia della pratica, Estetica, and La Filosofia di Giambattista Vico. Also acquires H. H. Joachim’s The Nature of Truth. 1912  Joined the Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies. 1912  Summer. Began first draft of Religion and Philosophy. 1912  June. Excavating at Papcastle. 1912  12 June. Elected as a Fellow of Pembroke College and as Tutor in Philosophy. He was provided with testimonials by E. F. Carritt, W. N. Wilson (housemaster at Rugby School), A. S. L. Farquarson, and J. Cook Wilson.

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1912  7 July. Awarded First Class honours in Literae Humaniores. Announced on 5 August with graduation on the 8th. 1912  June. The scheme for the National Trust to purchase Borrans Field (the site of Galava Roman fort at Ambleside) was successful. RGC was put in charge of the excavation at Haverfield’s suggestion. 1912  October. Moved to Pembroke College. Began lecturing on ‘Berkeley’s New Theory of Vision’. 1912  December. Agrees to translate Croce’s Filosofia del Vico for the Latimer Press, recently founded by his friend A. H. Hannay. 1913  March. Underwent an operation on knee at the Acland Home, Banbury Road, Oxford. 1913  June. Finishes translating Croce, The Philosophy of Giambattista Vico. 1913  June. Travels to Switzerland with Ursula; returns in mid-July. 1913  24 June. RGC is appointed (in his absence) director of the excavation at Ambleside at the first meeting of the Ambleside Roman Fort Exploration Committee. 1913  July. Began writing lectures on ‘Aristotle’s De Anima’. 1913  August. Excavating at Ambleside. 1913  11 September. C & W meeting at Ambleside. Collingwood and Haverfield spoke. This was the date at which Borrans Field officially became National Trust property. 1913  November. Translation of Croce, The Philosophy of Giambattista Vico, published by Howard Latimer. 1913  December. Began writing lectures on the ‘Theory of Knowledge’. Reading Croce, Estetica. 1914  March. Digging at Ambleside. 1914  April. Travelled to Italy (Venice, Trieste, Milan) and France. 1914  Trinity Term. Delivered lectures on ‘Introduction to the Theory of Knowledge’. 1914  July–August. Excavating at Ambleside. 1914  4 August. England declares war on Germany.

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1914  25 August. Began work on sites on Hadrian’s Wall. 1914  30 August. While working at Carvoran, Collingwood was arrested as a spy. Local miners believed him to be surveying suitable sites for establishing a gun-­platform. He was taken to Haltwhistle police station and later led out at the back of the building to avoid the crowds at the front. 1914  September. Excavating at Ambleside. 1914  Michaelmas Term. Delivers lectures on ‘Aristotle, De Anima’; the lectures were attended by T.S. Eliot, who wrote favourably of RGC: ‘The De Anima course consists in reading, explaining, and commenting upon the book. Collingwood is a young person, but very good, I think’ (The Letters of T.S. Eliot, Vol. 1, 1988, p.67). 1914  December. Writing Religion and Philosophy. 1915  Trinity Term. Delivered lectures on ‘Introduction to the Theory of Knowledge’. 1915  16 April. Finished first draft of Religion and Philosophy. 1915  Late June. Attending Cumnor conference at Lily Dougall’s house, Cutt’s End, Cumnor. 1915  August–September. Excavating at Ambleside. 1915  September. Writing on ‘The Devil’ and revising Religion and Philosophy. 1915  Michaelmas Term. Wrote and delivered lectures on ‘The Philosophy of Religion’. 1915  Michaelmas Term. Attending the Hibbert lectures given by J. A. Smith on ‘The Nature of Spirit & its Life’. 1915  December. Moved to London to work in the Intelligence Division of the Admiralty. 1916  3 January. Began work at the Admiralty, based at the Royal Geographical Society headquarters, Lowther Lodge, Kensington Gore. His colleagues included F. E. Adcock, C. Bailey, J. Baillie, G. B. Grundy, H. J. Paton, H. Rashdall, N. Kemp-Smith, Evelyn Underhill, and later his sister Barbara, his father, and Samuel Alexander. 1916  March. Six lectures on ‘The Philosophy of Religious Evolution’ written and delivered at the Foyer d’Etudiants, Kingsway. 1916  6 May. Gave address to the Student Christian Movement in St Mary’s, Oxford.

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1916  13 July. Offers Religion and Philosophy to Macmillan. 1916  August. Working on Schleswig Holstein at the Admiralty and writing songs. 1916  December. Religion and Philosophy published. Twenty-­three year later, in re-­ reading his earlier writings for his Autobiography, he wrote on his working copy that ‘This book was written in (and before) 1914 (begun 1912) and represents the high-­ water mark of my earliest line of thought – dogmatic belief in New Realism in spite of an insight into its difficulties which I think none of my teachers shared . . . The whole thing represents a point of view I should entirely repudiate, and its complete failure with the public gives me great satisfaction.’ 1917  3 June. Gave address to St Hugh’s Christian Union. 1917  12 July. Samuel Alexander joins the team at the Admiralty. He had read Religion and Philosophy and RGC greatly admired his capacity to be interested in and appreciate philosophical views quite unlike his own. 1917  23 August. Began writing Truth and Contradiction. 1917  Address on ‘The Philosophy of St Paul’ given at Somerville College. 1918  January. Revising Truth and Contradiction. Sent to Macmillan at the beginning of February. This was rejected by Macmillan, despite a good review by Henry Jones. In his Autobiography RGC claims that he outlined his logic of question and answer in the book. 1918  Working on Manual of Belgium between spring 1917 and February 1918. 1918  February. Published (anonymously) A Manual of Belgium Atlas. 1918  14 March. Announced engagement to Ethel Winifred Graham of Skipness, sister of Angus who was an Oxford undergraduate with Collingwood. 1918  27 May. Meeting of the Council of the Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies. RGC’s name was put forward to join the council. 1918  22 June. Married Ethel Winifred Graham in Skipness, Argyll. 1918  July. Wrote ‘Christianity in Partibus’ for Challenge. 1918  13 September. Wrote ‘Words and Tune’. 1918  11 November. Armistice.

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1918  12 November. Frederick Homes Dudden, D.D. officially became Master of Pembroke College. 1919  Began translating G. de Ruggiero, Modern Philosophy, from a first draft by A. H. Hannay. 1919  2 March. ‘The Christian Attitude to Pain,’ address given in Lady Margaret Hall Chapel. 1919  4 April. Son, William, born. 1919  10 May. Fladbury: gave lecture on ‘The Spiritual Basis of Reconstruction’ to Belgian students conference. 1919  15 May. William christened at Holy Trinity Church, Sloane Street, by Frederick Homes Dudden, master of Pembroke College and previous incumbent. 1919  27 May. ‘Money and Morals’ lecture given to Student Christian Movement, Russell Square. 1919  June. Published A Manual of Alsace-Lorraine (with atlas). RGC notes: ‘These two [this manual and the earlier one on Belgium] being the most important of a great quantity of work done in I.D. 32, 1915–1919.’ 1919  8 August. ‘Ruskin’s Philosophy’, lecture delivered to the Ruskin Centenary Conference Exhibition, Coniston. Subsequently delivered at Burlington House on 23 October and at 21 Cromwell Road (Indian students’ hostel) on 19 December. 1919  30 September. Haverfield died. Haverfield had entered into negotiations with the Clarendon Press for the publication of a new ‘Corpus of Roman Inscriptions in Britain’ and had secured the services of RGC as draftsman and assistant. RGC agreed to carry on the work. From 1920–1937 he worked on inscriptions during most of his vacations. 1919  October. T. M. Knox went up to Pembroke College; Ian Richmond went up to Corpus Christi. 1919  20 October. Having been suspended for the duration of the war, the Oxford University Antiquarian Society was refounded as the Oxford University Archaeological Society. 1919  23 October. ‘Ruskin’s Philosophy’ delivered at Burlington House. 1919  Late October. Revising De Ruggiero translation.

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1919  1 November. Wrote ‘Footnote to Future History’. 1919  20 November, attended H. H. Joachim’s inaugural lecture, Immediate Experience and Mediation. 1919  December. Gave paper on ‘Plato’ at 21 Cromwell Road, London, a paper on ‘Faith’ at Student Movement House, and ‘Ruskin’s Philosophy’ at 21 Cromwell Road (19th). 1920  Began work on Roman inscriptions; appointed Tutor in Philosophy to Lincoln College; became joint editor of the Transactions of the C & W (with WGC); joined Society of Antiquaries of Scotland as a Life Member. 1920–21.  Wrote Fragment on ‘Epistemology and Action’; ‘Prolegomena to Logic’; ‘An Illustration from Historical Thought’. 1920  Jan–Feb. ‘Christian Apologetics’, two lectures delivered at Somerville College. 1920  Hilary Term. Attended J. A. Smith’s lectures on metaphysics. 1920  Hilary Term. Delivered lectures on the ‘Ontological Proof of the Existence of God’. 1920  January. Translating Ruggiero. 1920  February. Writing ‘What is the Problem of Evil?’ 1920  March. Finished translation of Ruggiero’s Modern Philosophy and wrote the preface. 1920  March. Rewrote lectures on ‘Introduction to the Theory of Knowledge’. 1920  March. Resumed excavations at Ambleside. 1920  Trinity Term. ‘Theory of Knowledge’ lectures delivered. 1920  7 March. ‘The Catalogue Habit in Literature’, paper read to the Beaumont Society, Pembroke College. 1920  March. Beginning of a series of letters to Macmillan concerning translation of the second English edition of Croce’s Aesthetic. The final letter was written in January 1922. Collingwood re-­translated the historical section and revised and corrected Douglas Ainslie’s translation of the theoretical part. He had inadvertently transgressed Ainslie’s exclusive right to the English translation of Croce’s works by translating Croce’s book on Vico in 1913. In 1920 he was asked to prepare a second

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edition of Ainslie’s translation. The translation was finally produced, but Macmillan were obliged to keep Ainslie’s name on the title page as translator. 1920  13 April. Wrote ‘The Church’ for The Group. Delivered on the 29th. 1920  15 April. Read ‘Preliminary Report on explorations at Ambleside Fort’, Tullie House, Carlisle. 1920  Trinity Term. Delivered lectures on ‘Introduction to the Theory of Knowledge’. 1920  4 May. Probably attended C. C. J. Webb’s inaugural lecture on ‘Philosophy and the Christian Religion’. This was the spur to RGC writing ‘Philosophy of the Christian Religion’ in September. 1920  11 June. Chairs a meeting in his Pembroke College rooms at which the Pembroke College Philosophy Society is established. He was elected president and served in that capacity until leaving for Magdalen college in 1935. 1920  20–23 July. Wrote Libellus de Generatione: An Essay in Absolute Empiricism, which he dedicated to Guido de Ruggiero. 1920  8 August. Finished and typed article on Croce’s ‘Philosophy of History’. 1920  August. Reading Alexander, Space, Time and Deity. 1920  31 August. Meeting of the C & W at which WGC is elected President and RGC co-­editor. 1920  1–3 September. Pilgrimage to Hadrian’s Wall.   The decennial ‘Pilgrimage’ to Hadrian’s Wall is a tradition that began in the nineteenth century and which continues to the present day. The Wall archaeologists review and discuss the results of the previous ten years’ work whilst traversing the length of the Wall. 1920  3 September. Described and explained contents of Chester Museum. 1920  September. Wrote ‘Notes on Hegel’s Logic’; ‘Sketch of a Logic of Becoming’; ‘Notes on Formal Logic: On the Logic of Being’. 1920  23 September. Ruggiero came to stay. 1920  24–27 September. Attending Oxford Congress of Philosophy. 1920  29 September. Wrote ‘The Philosophy of the Christian Religion’ – sent to Theology on 1 October, but not published.

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1920  Michaelmas Term. Wrote and delivered eight lectures on Guido de Ruggiero’s ‘Scienza come esperienza assoluta’. 1920  13 October. ‘The Intellectual Basis of Prayer’. Paper given at a symposium, Christ Church. 1920  4 November. ‘I am to read a paper to the Oxford Philosophical Society at the end of November on the collapse of modern Realism, which is the first occasion on which I have put my views before the professors and tutors in philosophy here. I think, to judge by what I hear, that it comes at the right moment, when most people in Oxford who were realists are giving up their old position and the younger men have broken away from that school: so it may be that I shall find people willing to listen to me. If that is so, I shall think about publishing the “Libellus”.’ 1920  19 November. Presented paper on ‘Plato’s Theory of Ideas’ to the Pembroke College Philosophical Society. 1920  24 November. Elected as a member of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle. 1920  28 November. ‘Reflexions on Realism’ presented to the Oxford Philosophical Society. Afterwards Collingwood was invited by J. A. Smith to join the Deipnosophic Society, an exclusive grouping of older philosophers. 1920  29 November. Declared an honorary member of the Oxford University Archaeological Society. 1920  December. Wrote lectures on the ‘Roman Wall’. 1920  24 December. Sent re-­translation of Croce’s Aesthetic to Macmillan. 1920  December. Working on wall epigraphy, especially on the collation of the centurial stones. 1921  Joined the Aristotelian Society and became a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. 1921  Extension lectures on Roman Britain were delivered. Later published as Roman Britain in 1923. 1921  Oxford World’s Manuals series established. The editorial team included RGC, Cyril Bailey, W. D. Ross, Ernest Barker, Richard Livingstone and Julian Huxley. 1921  Hilary Term. Lectures on the ‘Ontological Proof of the Existence of God’ delivered. Some passages were later drawn on for An Essay on Philosophical Method.

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1921  Hilary Term. Lectured on the ‘Roman Wall: history and archaeology’. 1921  January. RGC and A. H. Hannay’s translation of Ruggiero, Modern Philosophy was published. 1921  27 January. Lunch with Sir Frederick MacMillan where he reaches agreement on the Ainslie/Croce question. Meeting of the Society of Antiquaries at which RGC read a paper on the ‘Tenth Antonine Itinerary’ and was admitted as a fellow. 1921  31 January. Writing paper on Croce’s ‘Aesthetic’. 1921  13 February. Writing ‘Ruskin and the Mountains’. 1921  21 February. Presented paper on ‘Ruskin and the Mountains’ to the Oxford and Cambridge Mountaineering Club meeting at Pembroke College and illustrated with passages from Ruskin’s Modern Painters. 1921  4 March. Pembroke College Philosophical Society, gave paper on ‘Croce’s Aesthetic’. 1921  Trinity Term. ‘Introduction to the Theory of Knowledge’ lectures delivered. 1921  4 April. Wrote a paper on ‘Religion and Science’. 1921  9 May. Daughter, Ursula Ruth, born. 1921  22 May. Finished and sent off article on ‘Luxemburg’ for the Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1921  May. ‘Croce’s Philosophy of History’ published in The Hibbert Journal. 1921  29 May. Letter to Croce. Refers to ‘Croce’s Philosophy of History’ and remarks that: ‘I have no time to write about work to which I feel hostile: I only write about the people whom I most closely agree with.’ His letters to De Ruggiero reveal the extent to which they shared a critical, Gentile inspired, attitude to Croce. 1921  5 June. ‘Religion and Science’, paper read at The Shakespeare Hut. 1921  10 June. Led a discussion on theories of truth at the Pembroke College Philosophical Society. 1921  11 June. First meeting of the Haverfield Bequest Committtee. It was agreed that up to £50 should be provided for RGC’s expenses for work on the ‘Roman Inscriptions of Britain’ and that he should also be asked to report on excavation of the Roman Wall.

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1921  7 July. Read a paper on ‘Problems of the Roman Wall, past and present’. 1921  8 August. Began retranslating Croce’s Estetica Part II. 1921  1 September. Wrote paper on ‘The Purpose of the Roman Wall’ for the Vasculum, a small journal based in Northumberland, subtitled ‘The North Country Quarterly of Science and Local History’. It was edited by Rev. J. E. Hull, the father of the Roman archaeologist M. R. (Rex) Hull. The explanation for publishing this important article in a seemingly obscure journal is both personal connection and also that the journal, although not nationally known, was read by local working archaeologists. RGC was proud of his hypothesis that the wall was intended to be an elevated sentry-­walk and referred to it as an example of the logic of question and answer in An Autobiography. 1921  1 September. Sent the completed translation of Croce’s Estetica Part II, History. Proposes to return Part I towards the end of the month. 1921  11 October. Finished writing lectures on moral philosophy. 1921  Michaelmas Term. ‘Moral Philosophy’ lectures delivered. RGC lectured on moral philosophy most years and regularly revised his lectures. The final series of lectures was given in 1940. The idea of a scale of forms, as illustrated in the dialectical arrangement of Speculum Mentis and elucidated and defended in An Essay on Philosophical Method, was first illustrated and developed in these lectures. The New Leviathan contained a considerable amount of material which originated in the lectures. 1921  29 October. Meeting of the Haverfield Bequest Committee. RGC reported that he had made drawings of about 110 inscriptions and also presented a report on Simpson’s proposal to commence excavations at Birdoswald and Gilsland. Reported that O. G. S. Crawford had corresponded concerning the proposed ‘Archaeological Map of Roman Britain’. Also stated that he was preparing a report on discoveries throwing light on Roman Britain for the years 1915–19, to be published in the Journal of Roman Studies. 1921  9 November. Presented paper on ‘Science and History’ to Exeter College Dialectical Society. 1921  22 November. Reading proofs and checking references of translation of Croce’s Aesthetic. Working on the history of English thought in the nineteenth century. 1921  27 November. Read a paper on ‘Jane Austen’ to the Johnson Society, Pembroke College. 1921  29 November. Attended Congress of Archaeological Societies in London on behalf of the C & W. Elected a member of the Council of the Congress.

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1921  30 December. Writing catalogue of contents of Tullie House Museum. 1922  Second English edition of Croce’s Aesthetic published. 1922–3  Fragments on ‘Neo-Realism’; ‘The Elements of Knowledge’; ‘The Reality of Time’ and ‘What is Sensation?’ written. 1922  Hilary Term. Delivered lectures on the ‘Ontological Proof of the Existence of God’. 1922  Hilary Term. Lectured on ‘The Roman Wall: history and archaeology’. 1922  10 January. Delivered Roman Britain to Clarendon Press. 1922  11 January. Wrote ‘Are History and Science Different Kinds of Knowledge?’ 1922  24 January. Read paper on ‘Hadrian’s Wall’ to the Roman Society, London. 1922  26 January. Read ‘Aristotle’s Theory of the Soul’ to Pembroke College Philosophical Society. 1922  Hilary Term. Delivered ‘Theory of Knowledge’ lectures. 1922  13 May. Meeting of the Haverfield Bequest Committee. Reported that he had made copies of about 150 Roman inscriptions. 1922  1 June. Pembroke College Philosophical Society. ‘The President [RGC] favoured the society with a lucid, thrilling, entertaining, and instructive account of Plato’s Theory of Ideas.’ 1922  4 June. Offers Macmillan a book on which he says he has been working for several years, and which he describes as being opposed to the philosophical ideas then generally accepted. It would include: 1. A Hostile Treatment of Realism; 2. Nature of Sensation and Thought; 3. History and Science; 4. Space and Time, and critical studies on recent writings. This was presumably to have been drawn from various essays that RGC had written over the previous five years, some no longer extant. 1922  14–16 July. Attended Joint Session of the Mind Association and Aristotelian Society at Manchester. Read ‘Are History and Science Different Kinds of Knowledge?’ This was Collingwood’s first joint session paper, delivered on the 15th at 10.00am with Samuel Alexander in the chair. The symposium was with A. E. Taylor and F. C. S. Schiller. Discussants were Professor Plimpton Adams, Canon Green, Professor Powicke, Mr Brosnan, Mr Richardson, G. E. Moore and Mr Ainslie.

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1922  31 August. Paper on ‘Roman Lancaster’ read to C & W at the Storey Institute, Lancaster. RGC and T. H. B. Graham were nominated delegates to the Congress of Archaeological Societies. 1922  Michaelmas Term. ‘Moral Philosophy’ lectures delivered. 1922  1 October. Lecture on ‘Roman Frontiers’ delivered to Newcastle Literary and Philosophical Society. 1922  18 November. Meeting of the Haverfield Bequest Committee. Reported that he had new drawings of 330 Roman inscriptions and fair copies of 120 of these, and estimated that ten years’ work in all would be required for the copying of all Roman inscriptions in Britain. 1922  30 November. Read paper on ‘Illusion’ to Pembroke College Philosophical Society. 1922  December. Wrote new ‘Philosophy of Religion’ lectures. 1922  December. Began writing Speculum Mentis. 1923  Hilary Term. ‘Philosophy of Religion’ lectures delivered. 1923  Hilary Term. Lectured on ‘The Roman Wall: history and archaeology’. 1923  11 February. Read paper ‘Jane Austen’ at the Beaumont Society. 1923  16 February. Read a paper to the OU Archaeological Society on ‘A New Theory as to the Roman Evacuation of Britain’. 1923  8 March. Pembroke College Philosophical Society. RGC gave paper on ‘Aristotle’s Theory of the Soul’. 1923  9 March. Wrote letter to the Oxford Magazine on ‘Science Greats’ (published on 15th). 1923  Trinity Term. ‘Theory of Knowledge’ lectures ‘continually revised’ delivered. 1923  19 May. Meeting of the Haverfield Bequest Committee. Reported that he had made drawings of more than 200 Roman inscriptions in S. Wales, London and elsewhere. 1923  31 May. Pembroke College Philosophical Society. ‘The President [RGC] favoured the society with a very interesting & absorbing account of the theory of “Sovereignty”, tracing it from Hobbes, through Locke & Rousseau to Hegel. He then

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went on to point out that Austin, Spencer & Green had repeated on a small scale, & with less intelligence, the process of thought to be found in Hobbes, Rousseau & Hegel. Thus the solution of the latter was superior to that offered by Green. Both had observed that sovereignty contains an element of force & an element of freedom, but it was Hegel alone who could effect a true synthesis of the two.’ 1923  14 June. Pembroke College Philosophical Society. Symposium on ‘Realism’. RGC ‘brought the discussion to a close by relating in a very interesting manner the history of his conversion from the Realistic School’. This conversion, as his notes on his copy of Religion and Philosophy testify, was crystallised shortly after completing Religion and Philosophy. By 1917, RGC commenced a serious study of Croce, Gentile and Ruggiero. 1923  13 July. Attended Joint Session of the Mind Association and the Aristotelian Society in Durham. (Attendees included A. N. Whitehead, A. O. Lovejoy, G. E. Moore, H. W. Carr, Léon Brunschvicg, J. Laird, C. E. M. Joad, L. A. Reid, Leon Roth, J. A. Smith, N. K. Smith and J. H. Muirhead. 1923  15 July. 3pm: RGC took part in the discussion on the symposium by C. E. M. Joad, Mr Richardson and F. C. S. Schiller on ‘Is Neo-­idealism reducible to solipsism?’ (F.B. Jevons was in the chair and discussants were Alexander, Professor Ferguson, Collingwood and Mr Ward). 8pm; takes part in symposium on ‘Can the New Idealism Dispense with Mysticism?’ with Evelyn Underhill and W. R. Inge; J.A. Smith was in the chair and discussants were Smith, G. Galloway, Mead, Muirhead, Joad and Wildon Carr. RGC’s defence of Gentile in this paper marks the high point of his engagement with the Italian idealists. 1923  9 August. Lecture to the Association for the Reform of Latin Teaching on ‘Roman Inscriptions in Britain’. 1923  20 August. Speculum Mentis finished. Wrote to offer it to the Clarendon Press. Delivered the manuscript of Speculum Mentis to the Clarendon Press on the 29th. 1923  September. ‘Action’ lectures on moral philosophy written. 1923  3 September. Roman Britain published. 1923  4 September. Reads ‘The Last Years of Roman Cumberland’ to the C & W at Barrow in Furness; the next day he reads ‘The Cardewlees Altar’ at Penrith. 1923  Hilary Term. ‘Action’ lectures on moral philosophy delivered. 1923  October. An appeal for inscriptions, to be circulated to museums, is written by J. G. C. Anderson and RGC – in response to a resolution of the Haverfield Bequest Committee (18.11.22).

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1923  10 November. Meeting of the Haverfield Bequest Committee. Reported that (with the assistance of Mr Batey) he had made 563 drawings of Roman inscriptions this year, and was now in possession of 1,000 drawings of which 200 were fair copies. 1923  15 November. Presented paper on ‘Croce’s Theory of Art’ to the Pembroke College Philosophical Society. 1923  19–20 November. Burlington House, London, archaeology conference. 1923  13 December. Read paper on ‘Roman Milestones in Cornwall’ at the Society of Antiquaries. Bosanquet and Wheeler took part in discussion. 1923  17 December. ‘Sensation and Thought’ read to a meeting of the Aristotelian Society at 21 Gower Street, London. Professor T. P. Nunn (President) in the chair. Discussion: Professor Nunn, Mrs Zarchi, Mrs Hodson, Mr Joad, Mr Harley, Dr Goldsbrough, Mr Hannay, Prof Wildon Carr and Dr Thomas. 1924  Establishment of the Haverfield library in the Ashmolean. 260 volumes and pamphlets, previously in the possession of Haverfield, given to the Ashmolean. 1924  Hilary Term. ‘Philosophy of Religion’ lectures delivered. 1924  Trinity Term. ‘Theory of Knowledge’ lectures delivered. 1924  January. Speculum Mentis published. RGC was disappointed with the reviews: however, disappointing reviews by non-­comprehending critics were offset by other developments. He remarked to Ruggiero later in the year that ‘I find that Speculum Mentis is exciting a good deal of attention . . . and is regarded as possibly opening a new movement in English Philosophy . . . As T.H. Green was to Kant and Hegel, so is R.G.C. to Croce.’ Perhaps RGC was also bearing in mind John Mabbott’s initiative, in which he took Speculum Mentis as the basis for a weekly discussion class: ‘I got an artist friend to read the chapter of Art, and the college tutors in Chemistry, History and Theology to read their relevant chapters; and each of them to attend the discussion on his chapter. It worked well. Collingwood’s writing is clear and alive; and my colleagues not only understood it, but enjoyed the experience. For the last chapter entitled “Speculum Speculi”, on philosophy, I got Collingwood himself to come along. He was a success with my pupils – we had to get him back for a second session. He was delighted with my application of his principle of first-­hand experience’ (J.D. Mabbott, Oxford Memories, pp.75–6). 1924  21 March. Attends a meeting of the OUP at which a series of ‘World’s Manuals on Philosophy’ is proposed. It is suggested that RGC write on Aesthetics and the Philosophy of History. Ross and RGC, ‘our general editors’, suggest that H. A. Reyburn write on German idealism.

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1924  29 March–April. Avignon. On 12 April writes ‘Rough Notes for a Book on the Philosophy of Art’. RGC sent this to Carritt for comments; although RGC and Carritt had diverged philosophically by this point, they were still personally close and shared a continuing interest in Italian philosophy. 1924  Trinity Term. ‘Introduction to the Theory of Knowledge’ lectures delivered. 1924  Trinity Term. Lectured on the philosophy of art from notes abbreviated and systematised from the Avignon manuscript. 1924  April. Foundation of the North of England Excavation Committee. 1924  1 May. Meeting at the Clarendon Press between H. Stuart Jones, RGC, the Secretary and Johnson. ‘Mr. Collingwood had already been working for some years on large scale drawings and, as he was already overflowing the capacity of his house, wished for convenience to get to the block stage and to a card index of the pulls (some 500 drawings would be ready forthwith).’ 1924  3 May. Meeting of Haverfield Bequest Committee. Report on meeting at the Clarendon Press. States that the estimated cost of production was £3,000, and that the Press would be prepared to begin the making of line-­blocks from Mr. Collingwood’s drawings if a subsidy were guaranteed by the Committee. It was agreed to offer the Press a subsidy of £100 per annum for five years. RGC reported that since the last meeting of the Committee he had made drawings of about 100 Roman inscriptions. 1924  22 May. Pembroke College Philosophical Society. ‘The President [RGC] delivered an illuminating address on Hegel. The Society was carried into deep waters but the skilful navigation of the President prevented their foundering.’ 1924  August. Outlines of a Philosophy of Art written; sent to press on 20 September. 1924  Michaelmas Term. ‘Moral Philosophy’ lectures delivered. 1924  8 November. Meeting of the Haverfield Bequest Committee. RGC reports that he had practically completed the collection of material for Part I of the ‘Roman Inscriptions of Britain’ (covering England south of the Thames). 1924  16 November. Writes to Ruggiero that, at various times, he has been offered professorships in Newcastle, Manchester, Bristol and America, but prefers to stay in Oxford which he thinks is ‘the best centre for my present work.’ 1924  16 November. ‘Jane Austen’, paper read to the Johnson Society, Pembroke College. He ‘delighted the Johnson Society with readings from Jane Austen, giving the different voices of Elizabeth Bennett, Mrs. Bennett and Lady Catherine

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de Bourgh most entertainingly’. The Oxford Illustrated Jane Austen, edited by R.W. Chapman, with whom RGC worked at the Clarendon Press, was published in 1923. 1924  28 November. Presented paper on ‘Plato’s Theory of Art’ to the Pembroke College Philosophical Society. 1925  Became sole editor of C & W. 1925  Gave talk on ‘Roman Britain’ to south London girls’ secondary schools. 1925  Gave talk to the Newcastle Literary and Philosophical Society on ‘How the Roman Wall was Built’. 1925  Hilary Term. ‘Philosophy of Religion’ lectures delivered. 1925  9 January. Gave address to the English Historical Association, Newcastle on ‘The Roman Wall’. 1925  30 January. Read paper on ‘The Catalogue Habit in Literature’ to the Beaumont Society, Pembroke College. 1925  6 March. Presented paper on ‘Idealism and Solipsism’ to the Pembroke College Philosophical Society. 1925  16 March. Read ‘The Nature and Aims of a Philosophy of History’ to the Aristotelian Society at 21 Gower Street, London. T. P. Nunn was in the chair and discussants were Nunn, Joad, Toynbee, Hannay, Professor Langley, Mr Mead, Mr Child, Mr Harley, Mr Holban and Dr Thomas. 1925.  April. ‘Plato’s Philosophy of Art’ published. 1925  April–June. Translating Croce’s Contributo alla Critica di me Stesso. This was later published as B. Croce, An Autobiography with a preface by J. A. Smith. 1925  4 July. Wrote first draft of ‘Some Perplexities About Time’. It is notable that Collingwood, although famous for his work on the philosophy of history, wrote so little on the concept of time. 1925  18 July. Excavations at Castle Hill, Scarborough are opened to the public. 1925  Sunday 19 July, Castle Hill, Scarborough. An interdenominational service precedes the re-­interring of skeletal remains. This is followed by the unveiling and dedication of a memorial on Castle Hill. RGC wrote a pamphlet for the occasion (The Roman Signal Station on Castle Hill, Scarborough).

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1925  23 September. Wrote to Croce that he has finished translating Contributo alla Critica di me Stesso ‘which has occupied me in my spare time during a summer very busily spent in historical and archaeological work. It has been an extraordinary pleasure; the history of your thought has been in so many ways like the history of my own.’ 1925  Michaelmas Term. ‘Moral Philosophy’ lectures delivered. 1925  November. ‘The Place of Art in Education’ read to the Oxford Philosophical Society. 1925  26 December. Final draft of ‘Some Perplexities About Time’ written. 1926  9–13 January. Lectures on the ‘Philosophy of History’ written and delivered throughout the term. 1926  ‘The Place of Art in Education’ published. 1926  Hilary Term. Delivered lectures on the ‘Philosophy of History’. 1926  January. ‘Economics as a Philosophical Science’ published. Between 1925 and 1928 RGC wrote extensively on ethics, political theory and economics. These writings developed the views presented in his lectures on moral philosophy and exemplified the method employed there. The culmination of these writings was The New Leviathan. 1926  29 January. Read ‘Burnswark Reconsidered’ to the Dumfries and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society. 1926  February. Read paper on ‘Materialism’ to The Group (written 27 December 1925). 1926  15 February. ‘Some Perplexities About Time’ read to the Aristotelian Society, 21 Gower Street, London. J. A. Smith in chair. Discussion: J. A. Smith, L. S. Stebbing, Mr Rostrevor Hamilton, Mr Brock, Dr Jessie White, Mr Holban, Dr Goldsbrough, Mr Hannay, Dr Castaner, Mr Nott and Mr Hanson. 1926  April. Staying in Die, France. Met Vernon Blake in Les Baux, ‘here we found Vernon Blake, an eccentric English artist, engineer and philosopher of gigantic size and childlike manners, who lives in a 14th Century house with a French peasant wife; and we spent most of our time at Le Baux arguing with him and looking at his work’. 1926  Trinity Term. ‘Moral Philosophy’ lectures delivered. 1926  Trinity Term. ‘Philosophy of History’ lectures delivered.

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1926  Trinity Term. Lectures on ‘Roman Britain’ delivered. 1926  31 May. Elected as member of the Archaeological Institute of the German Empire; accepted the invitation on 4 June. 1926  6 September. Reads ‘Maiden Castle in Stainmore’ at the site. 1926  Michaelmas Term. ‘Moral Philosophy’ lectures delivered. ‘Much re-­written and expanded . . . with considerable alterations on points of theory.’ 1926 October to January 1927  Translating Ruggiero’s Storia del liberalismo europeo, published in 1925. RGC’s high opinion of this book is reflected both in his own writings during this period and in his explicit anti-Fascism, which emerged at this time. On 1 August he had written to Kenneth Sisam at the Clarendon Press stating that Ruggiero ‘is one of the most brilliant historical and philosophical writers of Italy; the most important philosophical figure in the post-Crocean generation, and especially interested in politics and their history – to the extent of being a persecuted anti-Fascist’. He firmly identifies his own political philosophy with Ruggiero’s in a letter of 18 November where he says: ‘The political principles expounded and implied are at every point my own, and expressed with a justness and completeness that leave me nothing to do but express my complete agreement . . . And as history, I can only say that this is how history ought to be written.’ In his later Preface to the English translation he summarises Ruggiero’s (and by extension, his own) political philosophy thus: ‘Liberalism . . . begins with the recognition that men, do what we will, are free . . . But this freedom is not possessed at birth; it is acquired by degrees as a man enters into the self-­conscious possession of his personality through a life of discipline and moral progress. The aim of Liberalism is to assist the individual to discipline himself and achieve his own moral progress . . . These principles lead in practice to a policy that may be called . . . Liberal; a policy which regards the State not as a vehicle of a superhuman wisdom or a superhuman power, but as the organ by which a people expresses whatever of political ability it can find, and breed, and train within itself.’ 1926  22 October. Meeting of the Pembroke College Philosophical Society. ‘In discussion, the President [RGC] submitted that only knowledge can have reasoned grounds, belief cannot . . . Belief is a more elementary activity than reasoning. In all cases we must begin by believing without understanding. But, he was careful to emphasise, one is never certain what it is that one is believing. If one can answer the question ‘what is it you believe?’ then one has the recipe for turning belief into knowledge. There are always good grounds for every belief but they are not discoverable until the belief has been analysed & so become knowledge.’ This theme is further developed in ‘Reason is Faith Cultivating Itself ’ and Faith and Reason; and later refined in the theory of absolute presuppositions propounded in An Essay on Metaphysics. 1926  15 December. ‘Faith’ paper read to The Group.

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1927  Gave a talk on ‘Yorkshire Signal Stations’ to the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Leeds. 1927  Rewrote ‘Moral Philosophy’ lectures. 1927  January. Wrote lectures on ‘Roman Britain’. 1927  Hilary term. Lectured on ‘Roman Britain’. 1927  14 January. Finished translation of Ruggiero’s Liberalismo. 1927  February. ‘Aesthetic’ lecture delivered at King’s College, University of London. 1927  27 March to late April. Travelling to Italy (Genoa, Rome, Naples). Stayed with Ruggiero in Rome. 1927  April. Wrote ‘The Idea of a Philosophy of Something, and, in Particular, a Philosophy of History’ while visiting Ruggiero in Rome. This was one of a series of essays which began to crystallise his thinking on philosophy and philosophical method 1927  April. Met Giovanni Gentile in Rome and wrote to Ruggiero that, ‘One evening we went, by invitation, to visit Gentile . . . who was very cordial and gave me a copy of the new edition of his Studi Vichiani; we spoke mostly of education in Italy and England, of the organisation of elementary schools, and so forth; he asked me whether I had studied the present political situation in Italy, and I replied that a foreigner staying three weeks in a country could not hope to form a just opinion of its political situation; he spoke of you, as if to discover my present relation to you, and I said that you were one of my greatest friends and that I was staying in your house. Apart from these matters, we spoke altogether of education and things like that.’ By this time RGC was a committed anti-Fascist and was decidedly wary of Gentile, despite his continued indebtedness to his philosophy. 1927  Trinity Term. ‘Philosophy of History’ lectures delivered. 1927  21 June. Elected to the Council of Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies. 1927  July. Appointed as University Lecturer in Philosophy and Roman History. 1927  October. Developed theory of coastal signal stations in which he hypothesised the existence of signal stations as an extension of Hadrian’s Wall down to the coast at St Bees. This was given as an example of the logic of question and answer in An Autobiography (129–30). 1927  Michaelmas Term. ‘Moral Philosophy’ lectures delivered; new course written.

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1927  October. ‘Reason is Faith Cultivating Itself ’ published. 1927  11 October. With O.G.S. Crawford went and ‘dug a trench through the ditch of the great circles at Dorchester (Oxon) which had recently been discovered by air-­ photography’. Crawford was keen to publicise the results that might be obtained by aerial photography. 1927  18 November. Gave lecture in New College to the Oxford University Archaeology Society on ‘Roman Signal Stations in Great Britain’. 1927  Elected to the Council of the Society of Antiquaries. 1928  Read paper on ‘Faith’ to The Group. 1928  RGC became secretary for the Society of Antiquaries. 1928  Talk on ‘Recent Work on the Roman Wall’ in Leeds. 1928  Hilary Term. Lecturing on ‘Roman Britain’. 1928  Faith and Reason published in the ‘Affirmations’ series. This incorporated material from ‘Reason is Faith Cultivating Itself ’. 1928  5 January 1928. Writes to Croce, informing him that he is considering standing as White’s Professor of Moral Philosophy and asks for a testimonial. 1928  24 February. Writes to Croce informing him that ‘the professorship for which you wrote me a testimonial has been awarded, not to me, but to H. A. Prichard, who, though (as is the Oxford fashion) he has hardly published anything, is one of our most brilliant teachers and most devoted students of philosophy. I did not know that he wanted this professorship; but now that I know that he did, I am very well pleased that he was elected rather than myself. And my candidature was not in vain, for I have your testimonial, as well as others from Alexander and Wildon Carr, which I shall always value.’ 1928  12 January. Delivered public lecture on ‘Hadrian’s Wall’ at an event organised by the Cardiff Naturalists’ Society, Cory Hall, Cardiff. 1928  27 January. Presented paper on ‘Aristotle’s Doctrine of the Mean’ to the Pembroke College Philosophical Society. 1928  25 February. Read ‘Political Action’ to a meeting of the Aristotelian Society, 74 Grosvenor Street, London. H. D. Oakeley was in the chair. Discussion: Oakeley, H. A. Hannay, Mr Thorpe, Mr Nott, Miss Glover, Mr Cator.

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1928  April. ‘Outlines of a Philosophy of History’ written at Le Martouret, Die, Drôme. This was significant as a key part of the development of his philosophy of history – he records it as such in his Autobiography – but also shows his thinking on philosophical method and the nature of philosophy and also his work on the philosophy of Kant during this period. He uses the Kantian categories to organise the essay and states that ‘this essay deals with what appear to the writer the most important questions in the theory of history’. They are arranged under four heads, which, out of compliment to the Kantian critiques, are called Quality, Quantity, Relation, and Modality. At around this time he also translated the Preface to the first and second editions of Kant’s Kritik der reinen Vernunft and also wrote a comment on the Preface. 1928  24 May. RGC’s mother died at Coniston. 1928  Trinity Term. Delivered lectures on the ‘Philosophy of History’. 1928  18 May. Lecture on ‘Hadrian’s Wall’, King’s College. 1928  13 June. Appointed a delegate of the Clarendon Press. 1928  14 June. Wrote to Macmillan resigning as a reader of manuscripts on being appointed a delegate to the Clarendon Press. 1928  25 June. Professor Ernst Fabricius, the German archaeologist and expert on Roman borders (Limes) visited Durham, where he received an honorary degree on the 26th. 1928  28 June. Joined tour of Hadrian’s Wall with Fabricius, R. C. Bosanquet and F. G. Simpson. On this day the hill near T38b ‘was solemnly christened Mons Fabricius, in honour of the Director of the German Limes Commission, by the party which took him along the Wall in 1928’ (1930 Handbook to the Pilgrimage of Hadrian’s Wall). 1928  6 July. C & W Summer meeting. At Burgh-­by-Sands gave a description of the Roman site; at Bowness-­on-Solway read a paper on ‘The Western End of Hadrian’s Wall’; at Herd Hill read ‘Roman Signal Stations on the Cumberland Coast’. 1928  12 July. Fabricius spent the day on site at Birdoswald. 1929  Probably June. Dinner with his archaeologist friend C. E. Stevens at the Spread Eagle at Thame. The flamboyant John Fothergill, a friend of both Oscar Wilde and WGC in his Oxford days, was the innkeeper. In his An Innkeeper’s Diary, Fothergill wrote that ‘I asked R.G. Collingwood . . . to dinner as a return for Collingwood’s father’s giving me tea at Coniston thirty six years ago. Collingwood is one of those two or three selected super-­beings, each of whom is called the cleverest man in Oxford. The last time I saw him was at this tea when Mr. Ruskin sent me over to see his father and his

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magnificent and enormous water-­colours. Prof. C. must have been a pioneer in the Bohemian or Chelsea style, for he had a pink-­checked tablecloth and they ate in the hall! Never having seen the like of it, I was rather shocked, but what put the lid on it was when a little maid to mind the children sat down along with us and worst of all the little Collingwood’s jam-­covered face. When I talk to this learned man, I can see on his clean and incisive face jam even now’ (pp.258–9). 1929  7 July. A mock altar was set up at Birdoswald Roman fort for a press photograph and a votive offering was made by RGC and Eric Birley. Shortly after, RGC left the site and travelled back to Oxford. On arrival home at 15 Belbroughton Road he found a telegram (addressed to ‘Mr Bollingwood’) informing him that when the altar was removed it was found to have been resting upon a slab with an inscription dating to the reign of Severus (according to the telegram, a ‘Severan blab’). To the excavators’ embarrassment it was face upwards, and should have been noticed earlier. 1929  Hilary Term. Lectured on ‘Roman Britain’. 1929  24 February. Delivered lecture on ‘Form and Content in Art’, to the Royal Institute of Philosophical Studies in London. 1929  17 April. Hotel Bristol, Frankfurt, Germany. Called at the Palmengartenstrasse (the premises of the Römisch-Germanisch Kommission). 1929  18 April. Appointed as the representative of the Society of Antiquaries on the Council of the British School at Rome. Elected to the Council. 1929  Trinity Term. ‘Philosophy of History’ lectures delivered: Part II written during the term. 1929  Trinity Term. ‘Introduction to Ancient Philosophy’, a lecture delivered on behalf of the Regius Professor of Greek (Gilbert Murray). 1929  8 May. Read a paper on ‘Effective Symbols’ to The Group. 1929  24 May. Presented a paper on ‘Cause and Effect’ to the Pembroke College Philosophical Society. The President [RGC] ‘pointed out that in its early use, “causa” in Latin is a previous event, in consideration of which and as a result of which, an agent takes a course of action. The word, however, from being the occasion of a mental choice of action has developed a material meaning in natural science as that which of itself necessarily produces some effect. Mill however advanced the view that a cause is the invariable antecedent to its effect. The President then proceeded to demonstrate to those members who were prepared to accept this, by the example of a pair of scales, and of a goods train, that the true cause of any effect is the immediate direct cause and not the so-­called ultimate cause, and that the immediate cause is synchronous with its

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effect. Mill was led to his theory of antecedence, by his theory of knowledge as sensation; he is excused to some extent by the traditional use of cause as a previous event relatively to which an agent chooses action. This brought the President to the point where he made his important distinction between two uses of the word cause, between its use as the inevitable sequence of two events according to a law of nature, and its use as a sequence of action determined by the activity of the human will. He finally disposed of the difficulty of the plurality of causes by claiming an equal plurality of effects corresponding to and inseparable from the causes.’ This shows RGC’s longstanding interest in the issue of causation in history. 1929  14 June. Oxford Delegates’ meeting. It was decided that a sub-­committee should be formed under the chairmanship of G. N. Clark to oversee production of the Oxford History of England: J. L. Brierley, C. R. M. F. Cruttwell, RGC and R. W. Chapman. 1929  July. ‘Form and Content in Art’ published. 1929  Michaelmas Term. ‘Moral Philosophy’ lectures written and delivered. 1929  Autumn. ‘During the autumn of 1929, R.G. Collingwood, late Professor of Metaphysics at Magdalen College, Oxford, sometimes looked in at the Clinic, and if a World [a sand sculpture by a child to illustrate his or her “world”] happened to be about, drew it for filing. Two of these drawings have been preserved’ (M. Lowenfeld, The World Technique, Allen and Unwin 1979, p.281). 1929  21 November. Read paper on ‘Romano-Celtic Art in Northumbria’, London. 1929  29 November. Oxford Delegates’ meeting. RGC confirmed that he would write the first volume of ‘The Oxford History of England’. 1929  12 December. ‘Oswald Spengler’ lecture written on 12th and delivered at London School of Economics on 13th. 1930  Appointed Visitor of the Ashmolean Museum until 1934. 1930  Hilary Term. Lectured on ‘Roman Britain’. 1930  3 March. Read ‘The Good, the Right and the Useful’ to the Exeter College Dialectical Society. 1930  October. Archaeology of Roman Britain published. 1930  Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies meeting, London, at which the conservation of Hadrian’s Wall was discussed. 1930  Trinity Term. ‘Philosophy of History’ lectures delivered.

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1930  2 April. Meeting with others interested in the conservation of Hadrian’s Wall. Conservationists’ committee formed, comprising F. E. Adcock, George MacDonald, RGC, R. E. M. Wheeler and Parker Brewis. 1930  23 April. Spring meeting of C & W, Carlisle. RGC gave a report on ‘The Recent Discovery of Roman Objects at Carlisle’. A resolution was sent to the Prime Minister and leader of the opposition concerning the conservation of Hadrian’s Wall. 1930  28 April. Letter concerning Hadrian’s Wall conservation sent to George Lansbury from members of Oxford University; it was published in The Times on 3 May. 1930  May. Delivered the J. H. Gray Lecture on ‘Recent Advances in the Study of Roman Britain’ at the University of Cambridge. 1930  The following appeared in The Times on 3 May 1930: ‘Hadrian’s Wall: An Appeal from Oxford University. The follow letter has been addressed to Mr. Lansbury, First Commissioner of Works, by members of Oxford University:- University of Oxford, April 28 Sir, – As members of the University of Oxford, we venture to express to you the hope that some means may be found to limit the proposed extension of quarrying works in the immediate neighbourhood of Hadrian’s Wall. The stretch of the Wall, together with its associated works of the Vallum and the Military Way, running from Chollerford to Gilsland, is, in our opinion, one of the most valuable of our national monuments. Both its beauty and its significance have already been impaired by the existing quarries; and we feel that the time has come when a binding and permanent limitation should be imposed on further disfigurement. We realise the importance of providing work, to the extent already contemplated, for unemployed men in the Newcastle district; but we submit that it would be disastrous to permit the unlimited extension of such works, and so to leave the way open for the eventual destruction of a great historical monument.’ Signatories included the Master of Pembroke, A. D. Lindsay, RGC, Gilbert Murray, J. L. Myres and Cyril Bailey. 1930  30 June to 4 July. Leading the Pilgrimage to Hadrian’s Wall during which he gave an address at Armstrong College, Newcastle on the present state of the problems concerned with Hadrian’s Wall. RGC and F. G. Simpson acted as guides at Tullie House museum; RGC was guide at Burgh by Sands; Herd Hill, RGC spoke on the line of the wall along the Cumberland coast. At Chesterholm a postcard was written and sent to Fabricius from Carlisle. 1930  31 August. Ruggiero arrives in Oxford and stays with the Collingwoods at 15 Belbroughton Road. 1930  1–6 September. International Congress of Philosophy in Oxford. RGC attended and drew sketches of many of the participants.

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1930  September. RGC travels extensively in Spain and France (Zamorra, Orthez, Perigueux, Chateaunoux, Chartres). 1930  Michaelmas Term. ‘Moral Philosophy’ lectures delivered. 1930  October. Read paper on the ‘Historical Background of New Testament Thought’ to The Group. 1930  October. Elected by the Board of the Faculty of Arts (Literae Humaniores) as a member of the Committee for Classical Archaeology. 1930  December. Delivered lecture on ‘Science, Religion and Civilization’. This was ‘The third of a series of lectures under that title delivered in Coventry Cathedral, Oct–Dec 1930.’ Joseph Needham and B. H. Streeter were the other speakers. 1930  December. Chesters Trust established. RGC was a trustee, with Sir George MacDonald, R. Holland-Martin, Parker Brewis and R. C. Bosanquet. 1930  Re-­appointed as the Society of Antiquaries’ representative on the Council of the British School at Rome. 1931  23–28 February. ‘Aesthetic Theory and Artistic Practice’ written. This was a long and intricate essay on aesthetics, RGC’s most focused and substantial discussion since the publication of Outlines of a Philosophy of Art. 1931  11 March. Gave lecture on ‘Ten Years Work on Hadrian’s Wall’ to the Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, London. 1931  17 March. ‘Aesthetic Theory and Artistic Practice’ delivered to the British Institute of Philosophical Studies, London. The version as delivered was a truncated version of the original. It is clear that RGC was using the opportunity of writing the piece to develop his thinking on aesthetics more generally. 1931  April–June. Seriously ill with chicken pox and complications. He was seriously ill for a whole year. This was the beginning of the illness that was to trouble RGC for the rest of his life. He wrote to T. M. Knox on 12 May that: ‘I have been ill for several weeks and it’s gone to my brain and made me quite unable to think . . . I hope to recover to be able to read philosophy again, but I dare say not for months yet’. 1931  19 May. Elected as Member of Council of the Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies for three years from June 1931. 1931  October. John Fothergill, landlord of the Spread Eagle at Thame, brought to fruition an idea he had pondered for some while, which was to ask a number of authors to write a short story around the same plot; at H. R. Barbor’s suggestion

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they were published together as The Fothergill Omnibus. The eighteen authors included G. K. Chesterton, L. P. Hartley, Storm Jameson and Rebecca West. Collingwood’s contribution was ‘The Showman’s Speech’: he used the occasion to elucidate the distinction between classical and romantic art and the relation between form and content in each. 1931  27 October. British General election in which a Conservative-­dominated National Government was elected with Ramsay MacDonald as Prime Minister. Collingwood commented to his father that ‘the election [of the National Government] has proved that even at this stage in its history the English people can’t be bribed by panis et circenses; and it’s very comforting to see that the “working” man and “working” woman will vote against the people who pose as their friends and for the people who promise them lower doles, higher prices, and solvency. We shall see whether the promises are redeemed; but if a country gets the government it deserves, this electorate ought to get a good one.’ At this time RGC was writing to his father every day and continued to do so until his death on 1 October 1932. 1931  No lectures delivered in Michaelmas Term because of illness, but Collingwood was taking pupils. 1931  20 November. Asked Pembroke College for leave of absence from his duties as Fellow and Tutor for the Hilary Term 1932 on grounds of ill health. 1932  Elected President of C & W. 1932  Much of the summer and early autumn devoted to writing ‘Introduction to the Prehistory of Cumberland and Westmorland’. 1932  12 January. Report to the Faculty of Literae Humaniores on Quinquennium as University Lecturer. 1932  23 January to 20 February. Travelled to Italy. Visited the British School in Rome, Terracina, Mintorno, Napoli, Pesto, and Sicily. On 20 February travelled to Greece (Athens, Crete). Back in Oxford on 22 February. 1932  March. Roman Britain (2nd edn) published. 1932  10 June. Agreed to edit a new edition of J. Collingwood Bruce’s Handbook to the Roman Wall, ‘keeping as far as possible the quaint old-­fashioned style and character of the old book’. 1932  27 June. Engaged in philosophical correspondence with J. A. Smith concerning H. A. Prichard’s British Academy lecture, ‘Duty and Ignorance of Fact’. RGC subjects the lecture to critical analysis and adds some interesting comments of his own which illuminate both his developing conception of duty and his sense of being in alliance

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with Smith against the ‘Minute Philosophers’ of whom he was later to speak in An Autobiography. ‘The only duties of which I am genuinely aware are duties to do things to myself, e.g. to become by my own act wise or just or courageous or temperate . . . when I find P. utterly ignoring all the inward or immanent side of moral conduct, and overlooking the very possibility that one may do things to oneself, I suspect that the kind of excellence which he is discussing is not duty at all . . . but a technical or utilitarian or economic excellence; and I find it as difficult to discuss with him the problems of duty as I understand them, as I should find it to carry on an aesthetic discussion with a person whose stock example of the beautiful was a picture of a pretty girl. I have not found myself very often confronted by a problem of duty. My ordinary life seems pretty well disposed of when I have considered it under the headings of what I want to do, what it is expedient to do, and what it is politic to do. Sometimes I have come up against a question of a quite different kind from any of these: a question in which the issue is, rather, what kind of person I am to be.’ He signs off his letter with the comment that ‘if you and I are to be fellow-­conspirators against the régime of the minute philosophers we ought, I suppose, to indulge in a certain amount of conspiratorial correspondence’. 1932  Summer. Moral Philosophy lectures re-­written. 1932  Michaelmas Term. Lectured on moral philosophy. 1932  1 October. W. G. Collingwood died in sight of the ‘Old Man of Coniston’. 1932  24 October. Gave paper to the OU Archaeological Society on ‘Recent Work on Hadrian’s Wall’. 1932  November. Began writing An Essay on Philosophical Method. The roots of the book lay in the methodological introduction to the lectures on moral philosophy, which had gradually become more substantial and extensive and eventually demanded a life of its own. The introduction was dropped from the lectures from 1933 onwards. Writing was completed by June 1933. 1932  17 November. Read paper on ‘War in its Relation to Christian Ethics with special reference to the Lambeth report 1930’ to The Group. This is an interesting and important critique of what RGC saw as woolly and wishful thinking concerning the origins of war and attempts to eliminate it. In his paper he quotes, and roundly condemns as a piece of claptrap, the phrase ‘only a spiritual renaissance can ensure the peace of the world’. Remembering this in An Autobiography he comments scathingly that ‘babblers talked about the necessity for a change of heart. But the trouble was obviously in the head. What was needed was not more goodwill and human affection, but more understanding of human affairs and more knowledge of how to handle them’ (p.92). 1932  12 December. Aristotelian Society meeting in London. Gilbert Ryle in chair. Susan Stebbing on ‘The Method of Analysis in Philosophy’. Discussants: Hannay, Ryle,

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Helen Knight, Miss Whetnall, Mr Western, Mr Isaacs and H. F. Hallett. RGC was in Lanehead, Coniston, preparing exhibits for the Armitt Museum at Ambleside and was not able to be present, but he took a keen interest in the paper and devoted a section of chapter VII, entitled ‘Analytic Philosophy’ of An Essay on Philosophical Method to discussion of it. RGC was probably the first philosopher to refer, in print, to the emerging school as ‘analytic philosophy’. 1933  January. Wrote Preface to ninth edition of J. Collingwood Bruce, Handbook to the Roman Wall. 1933  Hilary Term. Lectured on ‘Roman Britain’. 1933  1 February. ‘The State of Britain at the time of the Anglo-Saxon Settlements’ – contribution to a discussion at the Royal Archaeological Institute. 1933  22 March. Opening of the Armitt Museum, Ambleside. RGC contributed a considerable amount of material, including a model of the Galava Roman Fort at Ambleside, which he made when conducting excavations. 1933  Trinity Term. Lectured on ‘Philosophy, its Nature and Method’. This was from the draft of An Essay on Philosophical Method, which he was still writing at this time. 1933  Trinity Term. Gave a party for Adam von Trott. 1933  June. An Essay on Philosophical Method finished and sent to press. 1933  Summer. Lectures on moral philosophy revised and half-­rewritten, with additions and alterations to the 1932 lectures. 1933  26 August. Excavation of the Roman Villa at Ditchley, Oxon, begins. RGC is chairman of the excavation committee. 1933  September. ‘Notes Towards a Metaphysic’: five notebooks, dated between September 1933 and May 1934, dealing with the philosophy of nature and related topics. These extensive notebooks exhibit his concurrent interests in philosophical method, cosmology, philosophy of history, together with comments and criticisms of other philosophers, such as Gentile and Alexander. 1933  September. An Essay on Philosophical Method published. 1933  Michaelmas Term. ‘Moral Philosophy’ lectures delivered. 1933  13 October. J. S. Haldane gave his inaugural address on ‘Vision of Brightness and Colour’, to the Edinburgh Royal Medical Society. RGC had taken part in Haldane’s experiments which provided material for this talk.

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1933  December. ‘Outline of a Theory of Primitive Mind’ written. This was read to the Pembroke College Philosophical Society as ‘Freud’s Theory of the Mind’ on 25 January 1934. 1933  25–26 December. ‘The Metaphysics of F.H. Bradley: An Essay on “Appearance and Reality” ’ written. This illustrates RGC’s confidence that his philosophical approach as developed in An Essay on Philosophical Method would prove to be a fruitful way of reconciling philosophical points of view. In the paper, RGC interprets Bradley’s doctrine of the degrees of truth and reality as an example of a scale of forms. 1933  Resigns as editor of C & W. 1934  Wrote the section on ‘Britain’ in Tenney Frank (ed.), Economic History of Ancient Rome. This was one among a number of substantial commissions, including his contributions to the Cambridge Ancient History, which RGC worked on at this time. Their culmination was the appearance of the first volume of the ‘Oxford History of England’, Roman Britain and the English Settlements in 1936. He comments, in An Autobiography, that ‘The invitations to write these . . . large-­scale works came at exactly the right moment. I had been long enough in my laboratory; I wanted to exchange it for my study. It was time to begin arranging and publishing the lessons which all this archaeological and historical work had taught me about the philosophy of history. But I could not desert Roman Britain without saying good-­bye; and a full-­length book about it would not only do that, it would serve to display in a concrete form the principles of historical thinking as I now understood them’ (p.121). This presaged his return to serious work in the philosophy of history. 1934  15 and 17 January. ‘The Nature of Metaphysical Study’, two lectures delivered at Balliol College, arranged by T. M. Knox. These lectures employ the approach to philosophy outlined in An Essay on Philosophical Method; they also contain important sections discussing metaphysics as the study of fundamental assumptions. They draw together the work on fundamental beliefs worked out in 1926–8 with his current approach to philosophical method and anticipate the later account provided in An Essay on Metaphysics which he began to work on at the end of 1937. 1934  Hilary Term. Lectured on ‘Roman Britain’. 1934  4 February. ‘Jane Austen’ paper read to the Johnson Society, Pembroke College. This is a revised version of the paper previously given in the early 1920s. 1934  July. Elected as a Fellow of the British Academy. 1934  September. ‘The Idea of Nature’ (originally Nature and Mind) lectures written September to October for delivery in Michaelmas Term, 1934.

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1934  Michaelmas Term. ‘The Idea of Nature’ lectures delivered. 1934  2 November. Collingwood is considering a 12-volume ‘History of Philosophy’ to be published by the Clarendon Press. 1934  Summer and Autumn. RGC was chairman of the excavation committee that organised the excavation of the Roman villa at Ditchley Park. Collingwood and Bersu were both credited with advice and assistance in the preparation of the report. 1935  Undertook much work on the classification of Romano-British brooches, producing a book length manuscript on the subject, replete with many drawings. 1935  18 January. Produced Report as University Lecturer in Philosophy and Roman History. ‘Time has been spent about equally on the two subjects: the academic year 1932–3 chiefly on philosophy with some Roman history, 1933–4 almost exclusively on philosophy, 1934–5 almost exclusively on Roman history.’ 1935  Hilary Term. Lectured on ‘Roman Britain’. 1935  11 February. Samuel Alexander wrote a reference for RGC’s application for the Waynflete Professorship of Metaphysical Philosophy. RGC had known Alexander personally since they worked together in the Admiralty during the First World War. They admired each other’s work greatly – but certainly not uncritically. RGC was delighted with Alexander’s reference and informed him that ‘the electors were, I learn, a good deal tickled that a candidate habitually labelled Idealist should send in, as his only testimonial, one from our Leading Realist’ (Letter to Alexander, 30 March). 1935  22 February (his birthday). RGC wrote his application for the Waynflete Chair. ‘If I were elected to this chair I should endeavour to liquidate my historical work, partly by publishing my results, and partly by handing them over to persons whom I have trained for the purpose, and should turn my attention to the philosophy of history as I understand that term . . . I have conceived the project of a History of Philosophy, in ten or a dozen volumes by as many authors, to be written for the most part by Oxford residents . . .’ 1935  5 March. Letter to the University Registrar with application for the Waynflete Chair. 1935  14 March. Isaiah Berlin wrote of the Oxford scene that: ‘We are in the throes of elections of philosophy professors, J.A. [Smith] and Joachim are going, Collingwood and Price are nuclei, the slave market is heaving like a jelly and the logical positivists, Braithwaite, Ayer and such are spreading havoc wherever possible’ (Isaiah Berlin: Letters 1928–1946, p.117).

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1935  23 March. Received letter stating that the electors had appointed him to the Waynflete Professor of Metaphysical Philosophy, ‘to hold office from the 21st April 1935’. 1935  8–18 April. Lectures on ‘Central Problems in Metaphysics’ written. 1935  21 April. Took up position as Waynflete Professor. 1935  5 May. Preached sermon on ‘Rule Making and Rule Breaking’, in St Mary the Virgin’s Church, Oxford, at the invitation of F. A. Cockin. 1935  9 May. Start of correspondence with Gilbert Ryle arising out of Ryle’s article in Mind (April), ‘Mr. Collingwood and the Ontological Argument’. 1935  19 May. Read a paper on ‘Method and Metaphysics’ to the Jowett Society. 1935  6 June. Advised the Clarendon Press to accept The Political Philosophy of Hobbes by Leo Strauss. 1935  2–5 July. C & W excursion. RGC active throughout: gave a talk on ‘The Roman Fort and Settlement at Maryport’. 1935  26 August. Work began on a Roman villa in Watt Wells Field South at Lodge Farm, Ditchley. RGC was chairman of the excavation committee; excavation conducted by C. A. Ralegh Radford. 1935  Michaelmas Term. Lectures on ‘Nature and Mind’ delivered. 1935  Signed petition to the Forestry Commission organised by the Friends of the Lake District objecting to the afforestation of parts of the Lake District. 1935  27 October. T. M. Knox presented a paper on ‘Hegel’s Philosophy of Nature’ to a meeting of the Oxford University Philosophical Society. Attended by G. R. G. Mure and Theodor Adorno; possibly also attended by RGC. 1935  28 October. Inaugural lecture on ‘The Historical Imagination’ delivered at the Examination Schools, 5.30pm. The event was attended by G. R. G. Mure, T. M. Knox, J. A. Smith, H. H. Joachim and others, and possibly also by Theodor Adorno who was studying in Oxford at the time. He was registered as an advanced student, based at Merton College, but under the supervision of Gilbert Ryle. 1935  December. Wrote ‘Reality as History’ in response to Samuel Alexander’s essay ‘The Historicity of Things’ (a contribution to the festschrift for Ernst Cassirer, Philosophy and History, edited by Raymond Klibansky and H. J. Paton, which RGC read for the Clarendon Press and later reviewed).

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1936  A. J. Ayer’s Language, Truth & Logic published. Ayer was fond of telling the story that ‘Gilbert Ryle told me that on a visit to Blackwell’s he had overheard Prichard and Joseph saying that it was scandalous that the book had found a publisher. This does not imply that they had read it. Collingwood, who happened also to be in the shop, turned to them and said “Gentlemen, this book will be read when your names are forgotten.” I suspect that this was less a tribute to me than an expression of his contempt for them. He did, however, take the book seriously enough to devote part of his lectures to refuting it. He ended one lecture by saying, “If I thought Mr Ayer was right, I would give up philosophy.” When the audience arrived for the next lecture, they were startled to find that it had been cancelled. The story ends lamely: he had been stricken with influenza’ (Ayer, Part of my Life, p.166). 1936  14 January. Preface to Roman Britain and the English Settlements written. 1936  27 January. ‘Can Historians be Impartial?’, paper read to the Stubbs Historical Society. 1936  Hilary Term. Lectures on the ‘Philosophy of History’ delivered. ‘Part I: History of the Idea of History’ written January–March for delivery at the same time. 1936  15 February. Abstract & Concrete: An Exhibition of Abstract Painting & Sculpture, 1934 & 1935 opens at 41 St Giles. This was the first international exhibition wholly devoted to abstract art in Britain. Nicolete Gray (née Binyon), who had been one of RGC’s pupils, stays at the Collingwoods for the duration of the exhibition. ‘After I went down I brought to Oxford an exhibition of Abstract Art in 1936, the first international exhibition (it went afterwards to London, Cambridge and Liverpool). It has become historic though modest at the time. I stayed with the Collingwoods, he helped unpack the work and he was the only person in Oxford who bought one (though he didn’t choose a very good one). The philosophers came and disputed. It was exciting. At that time there were no exhibitions of modern art in Oxford’ (personal correspondence). 1936  March. Wrote ‘Notes on the History of Historiography & philosophy of history’. The first part is entitled ‘Human Nature and Human History’ and consists of notes for his British Academy lecture of the same name. It is noteworthy that the schema for the argument in this draft was couched entirely in the language of Gentile’s philosophy, indicating that despite his severe political disapproval of Gentile, he still thought in terms clearly indebted to his philosophy. He states that ‘I want to hold that what is falsely called human nature is really human history. The fundamental theses of such a view would be something of this kind: (1) Human nature is mind . . . (2) Mind is pure act. Mind is not anything apart from what it does . . . (3) The pure act posits itself and its own presupposition at once. (4) Past time therefore is the schema of mind’s self-­knowledge.’ 1936  9 March. Wrote draft of ‘Human Nature and Human History’ written in preparation for the lecture ‘Human Nature and Human History’ which RGC presented at the British Academy later in the year.

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1936  Roman Britain and the English Settlements published. 1936  Trinity Term. Lectures on the ‘Philosophy of History’ delivered: ‘Part 2: Metaphysical Epilegomena’. 1936  30 April. Sir Frederick Kenyon announced that he had appointed Professor Robin George Collingwood to be a Vice President of the Society of Antiquaries. 1936  May. Final draft of ‘Human Nature and Human History’ written. 1936  20 May. Lecture on ‘Human Nature and Human History’ delivered to the British Academy. 1936  June. ‘Who was King Arthur’, paper read to the Martlets, University College, Oxford. Collingwood made a significant contribution to discussions of the historicity of King Arthur in the pages of Roman Britain and the English Settlements. Post-­war discussions and argument concerning the historical existence of King Arthur were largely indebted to RGC’s pioneering work. 1936  23 July. George Trevelyan opened Housesteads Museum. It was to be run by Eric Birley. RGC spoke of the country as grossly undermuseumed. Museums were having to refuse valuable gifts; they could not display their possessions as they could not house their staffs. 1936  30 August. Started writing ‘Man Goes Mad’. This clearly shows his increasing political radicalisation and disgust with the contemporary political scene, his concern that civilisation itself was in danger, and his analysis of the destruction of the countryside and the importance of contact with the natural world as an integral part of sane and healthy life. Many of these themes were picked up later in The Principles of Art, The New Leviathan and elsewhere. 1936  Michaelmas Term. ‘Central Problems in Metaphysics’ lectures delivered. The subtitle was ‘Realism and Idealism’. RGC argued for a position he termed ‘objective idealism’. 1936  At this time Collingwood was becoming increasingly interested in anthropology and folklore. He reviewed E. E. Evans Pritchard’s Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic Among the Azande (1937) for the Clarendon Press and his private library shows that he acquired a number of books on these and related topics. In the light of this it can be seen that his work on the philosophy of history, Roman Britain, civilisation, folklore, the philosophy of art, mind and the emotions, and metaphysics as the search for absolute presuppositions forms an interconnected whole. 1936  17 October. Wrote to Brenda Seligman, the anthropologist, on kinship. She replied on the 21st and he concluded the correspondence on the 26th.

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1936  21st October. Admitted as a member of the Folklore Society, London, at their Council Meeting. 1936  5th December. Wrote to the Secretary of the Folklore Society, Harold Coote Lake, asking for permission to do some reading in the Folklore Society’s Library. He spent 8–12 December at the Society’s Library. 1936  Michaelmas Term. ‘Philosophy of History’ lectures delivered: Part II. 1937  January. Published a lengthy and noteworthy review of R. Klibansky and H. J. Paton, Philosophy and History: Essays presented to Ernst Cassirer. RGC had been guiding this through the Clarendon Press for two years and it clearly resonated deeply with his philosophical concerns. He singled out for attention Alexander’s ‘The Historicity of Things’ (which had prompted his own ‘Reality as History’, in which he argues that timefulness is not sufficient for historicity, which requires thought and intention); Ortega’s ‘History as a System’ (which adumbrated thoughts concerning faith and civilisation which were increasingly part of his repertoire); and Gentile’s ‘The Transcending of Time in History’, into which he read his own doctrine of historical understanding as the re-­enactment of past thought. He treated Gentile as a philosopher without commenting on his Fascism, whereas in 1932 he had maintained that Fascism ‘has killed its own philosophy absolutely dead – if you doubt it read Gentile’s Filosofia dell Arte and blush.’ And later, in his Autobiography, he writes that ‘there was once a very able and distinguished philosopher who was converted to Fascism. As a philosopher, that was the end of him. No one could embrace a creed so fundamentally muddle-­headed and remain capable of clear thinking’. Admiring Gentile the philosopher while reviling Gentile the politician led to awkward inconsistencies in his evaluation of the relation between theory and practice. 1937  12 January. Took part in a discussion on ‘Roman Britain as a Subject of Teaching’ at the Royal Society and chaired the meeting. 1937  Hilary Term. ‘Nature and Mind’ lectures delivered. 1937  Hilary Term. ‘Roman Britain’ lectures delivered. 1937  Trinity Term. ‘Philosophy of History’ lectures delivered (Part 1). 1937  7 April. C & W Meeting. Opening of an exhibition at Tullie House illustrating the results of research on Hadrian’s Wall. RGC, Simpson and Richmond were the honorary curators of the museum. 1937  21 April. Chaired a meeting of the Folklore Society at which a paper on ‘Folk Pastimes: the Survival and Revival of Folk Art’ was read by John Fletcher. 1937  28 April. Delivered the second Horsley memorial lecture to the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne.

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1937  4 May. Wrote letter to the Clarendon Press containing an outline of The Principles of Art. On 14 May he explained that the book articulates more fully the conception of art stated in Outlines of a Philosophy of Art and also sets its context ‘in a general theory as to the structure of experience’. 1937  15 May. Collingwood wrote to the Honorary Secretary of the Folklore Society, H. Coote Lake: ‘I should like to read a paper to the Society: but I am in doubt whether the kind of thing I could contribute to its counsels would be of very much interest to it. I have no field-­work to report; but in my business as a philosopher I have to think over the general significance in human life of the facts which the Society deals with; and the time seems to me ripe for a revolt against the orthodox Tylor-Frazer theory of magic and the statement of a new one. I have worked out such a theory, and could easily state it in a paper, called something like “The Place of Magic in Human Life”. But would this be too philosophical for the Society?’ At some point it was agreed that he would address the Society on 16 February. 1937  19 May. Dined with the Council of the Folklore society at the invitation of H. Coote Lake. This was after a meeting of the Society, chaired by RGC. The paper, by Adrian N. Newell, was on ‘Celtic Religious Sculpture in Roman Gaul’. According to the minutes, several people took part in the discussion, ‘the chairman having dealt with several points in the paper’. 1937  19 May. Wrote to Margaret Lowenfeld about her forthcoming conference paper: ‘We all know what kind of world it is to which you refer as the reality (or objective reality) world. But what exactly is its title to the name reality? I am haunted by a suspicion that it has none except the fact that adult members of modern European society (or rather, the “educated classes” of that society) are agreed to treat it as real; that (in other words) it is the conventional world of a particular historically-­determined culture. It is not the world of adult human beings as such: not, e.g., of modern Indians & (educated) medieval Europeans.’ 1937  23 May. Margaret Lowenfeld and Dr Stead visited the Collingwoods for tea at their cottage in West Hendred. This was an opportunity for continued discussion of the points raised in their recent correspondence. 1937  5–24 July. Excavating King Arthur’s Round Table, Eamont Bridge, Cumberland. 1937  Summer. Writing The Principles of Art. This book was the culmination of his writings on the philosophy of art and drew together in a fresh form not only his thoughts on art, but also, as he suggested in his letter to the Clarendon Press, a general theory of the structure of experience. The structure and content of the book is heavily influenced by his current interest in anthropology, fairy tales and the role of magic in human life. 1937  22 September. The Principles of Art finished and sent to the Clarendon Press.

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1937  Michaelmas Term. Delivered lectures on ‘Philosophy of History’ and ‘Philosophy of Art’. 1937  October. RGC elected, by the Board of Literae Humaniores, to the Committee for Classical Archaeology. 1938  At the beginning of 1938 RGC was ‘entrusted . . . with the mission of asking Joachim to make preparations either for a reprint or for a new and revised edition’ of The Nature of Truth. 1938  9 January. Writing ‘Function of Metaphysics in Civilization’ (probably begun over Christmas). Lectured on ‘Central Problems in Metaphysics’ in Hilary Term 1938 and ‘metaphysics’ in Trinity Term 1939. The 1938 lectures may have been either these lectures or the lectures on ‘Realism and Idealism’ (otherwise entitled ‘Central Problems in Metaphysics’), or perhaps both. The 1939 lectures were from the manuscript of An Essay on Metaphysics which was complete in draft by the end of April that year. 1938  24 January. ‘On the So-Called Idea of Causation’ read to the Aristotelian Society, Russell Square, London. Professor J. MacMurray in chair. Discussion: J. MacMurray, Professor W. D. Ross, Professor Langley, Max Black, A. J. Ayer, R. B. Braithwaite, Mr. J. Lauwerys and Mr. N. Isaacs. RGC had begun considering issues of causation at least ten years previously and a version of this paper found its way into An Essay on Metaphysics. 1938  31 January. Gave a talk to the Oxford University Archaeological Society on ‘King Arthur’s Round Table’. 1938  5 February. Suffered a stroke which partly paralysed him, depriving him of the use of his left arm and left leg. 1938  8 February. Wrote to Clarendon Press: ‘On Saturday morning last I had a very slight stroke. I propose to make a rapid and satisfactory recovery, but granted that I do so I shall have to arrange matters rather differently in the future. My output of work will be very much smaller and I expect that it will be confined to what I consider to be the most immediately urgent philosophical problems. The remit should be a series of books more like Principles of Art than anything else I have written.’ He goes on to discuss who would continue his work on the Roman inscriptions. 1938  8 February. Ethel Collingwood wrote to H. Coote Lake at the Folklore Society apologising for RGC being unable to accept the invitation to speak on 16 February. 1938  February. Concerned about his ability to finish his work. While recovering he was visited by Nicolete Gray and said ‘he must finish all he had to write.’ 1938  17 February. Ethel Collingwood wrote to Kenneth Sisam at the Clarendon Press: ‘Robin wishes also to thank you for the proofs. He is correcting them as an

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alternative amusement to reading novels. He wants me to suggest to you that no review copies of this book should be sent out. He says he has never had a review of any of his philosophical books that was not cretinous, & why should the Press spend money to obtain cretinous reviews? Of course if you think it is worthwhile to send them he doesn’t wish to stand in your way.’ 1938  March. Suffered another stroke depriving him of the power of speech. 1938  8 March. Wrote to the Clarendon Press, returning the proofs of The Principles of Art and commenting on his stroke: ‘As you know, I have lately had a stroke. These events cast shadows before them; and while I was working on the book last summer I was aware that unless I cut short the revision of my MS something would prevent my completing it. I therefore deliberately sent you an imperfectly revised MS in September. Events have showed that if I had not done so the book would never have been published at all: for even if I get back to writing in a year or two I should not at that time have the heart to revise a book that had grown cold.’ 1938  March. Purchased a small sailing yacht named Zenocrate. 1938  19 May. Wrote to R. W. Chapman at the Clarendon Press that ‘I have applied under doctors’ orders for a year’s sick leave as from the beginning of the current term. If and when I get back to work, I shall have to do very much less (by the same orders) than in the past. I propose to drop all archaeology and to become a rather idle philosopher. In these circumstances it seems to me right that the Delegates should have it in their power to replace me with someone more active, if they think it expedient.’ 1938  24 May to 31 August. First cruise of the Zenocrate 1938  1 June. In the English Channel in an 88 mph gale. The Times (3 June) reported that ‘Professor R.G. Collingwood, Professor of Metaphysical Philosophy, Oxford University, was alone in the 19ft sailing yacht Zenocrate, which was towed to a safe anchorage by the Deal motor-­boat Terrier, when she was driving ashore. He left the Thames a week ago on a four month cruise. When he ran into the gale, he said, he thought the yacht would founder at any moment.’ RGC privately disputed this account and claimed that he had been in no danger. 1938  28 July. On board Zenocrate moored at Buckler’s Hard, began writing An Autobiography. Its principal purpose was to ‘put on record some brief account of the work I have not yet been able to publish, in case I am not able to publish it in full’ (p.118). His fierce and candid text provoked much Oxford outrage and discussion. He was later asked by the Clarendon Press to temper the tone of the final chapter. RGC told Kenneth Sisam that ‘people certainly won’t take the book in the spirit in which it is written, and a lot of them will be very angry. I wrote it because I was told that I was dying, and thought it time a few home truths began sitting on my lips’ (22 March 1939).

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1938  27 August. Moored on the Beaulieu river, buying paint and painting the decks; had a stroke in the afternoon. Next day he noted that the stroke was affecting his speech. He lay on his bunk below deck for three days scarcely able to move. 1938  7 October. Travelled to St Andrews to be presented with the degree of honorary LLD. He was presented for the degree by the Dean of the Faculty of Arts, Professor Blyth Webster. 1938  20 October. Wrote to A. D. Lindsay in support of his candidature as the anti-­appeasement candidate opposing Quintin Hogg, the Conservative candidate, in the Oxford by-­election. ‘I am appalled by the apathy with which our situation is regarded by a great many of us, and by the success which the Government has had in keeping the country as a whole from knowing the truth.’ This is the strident language of An Autobiography and shows clearly the depths of political disenchantment which had been brewing in his mind for several years. It is far removed from his comments on the election result in 1931. By the time of writing Man Goes Mad his mood had swung decisively: he was no longer the ‘cautious and sophistical Tory’ his colleague R. B. McCallum described. In the final pages of the Autobiography his voice has the tone of one who realises that he has been duped. He records no change in political beliefs, but rather a gradual awakening to the mendacity of the British government. 1938  Autumn. The Principles of Art published. 1938  22 October. Sailed from Birkenhead on M.V. Alcinous on a recuperative voyage to the Dutch East Indies. The only books he took with him, aside from books on the Dutch East Indies and primers on learning Malay, were the plays of Racine and Croce’s latest book, La storia come pensiero e come azione. 1938  24 October. While traversing the Bay of Biscay began writing An Essay on Metaphysics (at this point entitled Introduction to Metaphysics). 1939  10 February. Began writing The Principles of History, ‘which will go down to posterity as my masterpiece’. 1939  4 March. Began return journey on S.S. Rhesus. During the return voyage he rewrote the last chapter of An Autobiography and corrected the proofs, revised An Essay on Metaphysics and wrote ‘Notes for an essay on logic’. 1939  7 April. Returned from East Indies trip. 1939  Trinity Term. ‘Metaphysics’ lectures delivered. 1939  16 June. Wrote to Kenneth Sisam concerning C. N. Cochrane, Christianity and Classical Culture. He liked Cochrane because he understood that the problem of

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understanding and explaining the collapse of civilisation can only be solved by putting together history, philosophy and theology. It is ‘the most important and remarkable book we have published since I have been a delegate . . .’ 1939  27 June. At Antibes boarded the schooner yacht Fleur de Lys for a trip around the Greek islands with a group of American Rhodes Scholars. They were inspired by his ability, in after dinner talks, to bring Greek history to life. The culmination of this enchantment occurred at Delphi where, at the end of the day, he gathered his students around him in the theatre and read, in the original, the first pages of a Greek play. As he read, ‘something happened to time’ and the theatre filled with ‘eager listeners, athletes, politicians, and the rest’ (R. Meyer, Clio’s Circle). 1939  17 August. At Naples, Collingwood leaves Fleur de Lys and makes his way home to England. He returned sporting a beard, a piece of evidence which fuelled the Oxford rumour that he had become a communist. What RGC thought of the nature of such historical ‘evidence’ is unrecorded. 1939  Edited and published a revised edition of H. H. Joachim, The Nature of Truth. 1939  September. An Autobiography published. Directly following Richard Crossman’s review, in The New Statesman and Nation (2 September 1939, p.345), ‘Minisculus’ wrote: Marxists cry ‘Nazi dope is all idealism’. Crossman and Collingwood say ‘Sure! – but realism,’ And all agree their worst foe lurks between, Who asks them what the devil then they mean.

1939  3 September. War declared on Germany. Wrote a valedictory letter to T. M. Knox. 1939  Michaelmas Term. ‘Nature and Mind’ lectures revised and a beginning made on rewriting them for publication. 1939  At the end of 1939 began writing essays and notes towards The New Leviathan. These included ‘What Civilization Means’ and ‘Barbarism’. 1939  An early Preface to The New Leviathan written (later superseded). ‘I shall begin by asking what man is. Next I shall ask what society is. Next I shall ask what civilization is. Then I shall consider the revolt against civilization; and lastly I shall ask how a society which considers itself civilized should behave in the face of this revolt. It is the last of these five questions that constitutes the real subject of the book; but it cannot be answered until the way has been prepared by answering the other four.’

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1940  January. ‘Fascism and Nazism’ written immediately after reading Joad’s ‘Appeal to Philosophers’ in Philosophy. 1940  Hilary Term. ‘Moral Philosophy’ lectures, ‘Goodness, Rightness, Utility’ written and delivered. 1940  Hilary Term. ‘The Idea of Nature in Modern Science’ lectures delivered. 1940  9 February. Meeting of the Standing Committee for Intellectual Cooperation with China held in the Master’s Lodgings, Balliol. [Lindsay, Ross, Collingwood, Dodds, Price, Zimmern, E.R. Hughes] 1940  17 February. Wrote to Chadbourne Gilpatric: ‘I now see them [fascism and Nazism] as religious phenomena, outcrops of pre-Christian religion in revolt against Christianity and therefore against civilization, which (as we understand it) is a corollary of Christianity. When I wrote the Autobiography I was being a good deal impressed by Marxist ideas, but since then I have studied Marx and Marxism a bit more closely and now I can see just where they get off.’ He stated that he cannot leave England until the Inscriptions are finished, but that otherwise he would be happy to leave Oxford for the USA. He has tentative plans to go to America in 1945 when he assumed that the war would be over. 1940  7 March. An Essay on Metaphysics and the First Mate’s Log both published. ‘I have always wanted twins; my wife never managed to pull it off; it is a great pleasure that my publishers are now succeeding.’ 1940  8 March. ‘Historiography’ written. On page 2 of this notebook is written: ‘8-iii40. The Idea of History (Notes for lectures, on discovering that the Ms. which contains the results of my last 15 years’ work on the subject has disappeared)’. 1940  Trinity Term. ‘Idea of History’ lectures delivered. 1940  6 June. Wrote to his Doctoral student, Wolfgang von Leyden, expressing indignation at his internment and discussing the war: ‘The present war is not a war between nations, it is a war between men who want to stamp out thought and men who want to go on thinking.’ 1940  11 July. Co-­signatory with J. D. Beazley, Helen Darbishire, E. R. Dodds and W. D. Ross of a letter to the Times on the subject of the British government’s internment of aliens during wartime. 1940  20 July. Wrote to von Leyden: ‘I need not tell you how sorry and how much ashamed I am that you, with so many others, should have come to this country in order to escape from an intolerable tyranny and then find yourselves treated as if you were working for it rather than against it.’

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1940  18 August. Suffered another stroke, a slight one, which kept him in bed for a week. 1940  Writing The New Leviathan. ‘The New Leviathan was written in great part . . . during the bombardment of London’ (Preface). The bombardment of London was between September 1940 and May 1941. 1940  Michaelmas Term. ‘Philosophical Theory of Society and Politics’ lectures delivered. 1940  October. J. N. L. Myres replaced RGC on the Haverfield Bequest Committee. 1940  7 October. Wrote to F. G. Simpson that ‘I was away from home for a few days when your letter came, wishing to see for myself what the “greatest air force in the world” could do to London. The results are conclusive. Hitler can never beat us.’ This letter marks the dividing line between the pessimism of ‘Fascism and Nazism’ and the optimism of The New Leviathan. 1941  26 January. Suffered a severe stroke which rendered him both paralysed and speechless. 1941  1 March. Wrote letter of resignation from duties as a Delegate of the Clarendon Press. 1941  27 March. ‘I have resigned my professorship and am leaving Oxford for good as the result of a more drastic stroke of paralysis than hitherto. I must resign my editorship of the Roman Inscriptions of Britain. Chiefly by your kind offices there is already a man trained to take up the job: R.P. Wright of University College Durham. The Haverfield Trustees may wish to take notice of this change of personnel’ (letter to Hugh Last). 1941  April. Moved with Kathleen Edwardes to South Hayes, Streatley. 1941  April–June. Wrote two chapters of Part IV of The New Leviathan. 1941  14 April. Wrote to O. G. S. Crawford: ‘When the war broke out I saw that the whole business was due to the fact that everybody concerned was in a completely muddled condition about the first principles of politics and, examining my own mind, I saw that I had plenty of ideas which it would be a public service to state. The resulting treatise was about half finished when, in January 1941, I had another and far more serious stroke. I now can’t speak well enough for public speaking, I can’t write, except an illegible scrawl, and so forth.’ 1941  20 April. Officially vacated the Waynflete Professorship and his fellowship at Magdalen.

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1941  7 May. Wrote to Tom Hopkinson, referring to the composition of The New Leviathan and to his admiration for Hobbes: ‘by recovering the hard boiled Hobbesian attitude to politics one can make sense even of the politics that is going on in the world now’. 1941  7 May. ‘The Three Laws of Politics’, Hobhouse Memorial Trust Lecture, was read in Collingwood’s absence by A. M. Carr-Saunders. 1941  6 August. Wrote to the Clarendon Press, giving details of the composition of The New Leviathan. RGC warns that ‘any signs of battiness’ will be in Part IV which was written after his last stroke. The MS of The New Leviathan was sent to the Clarendon Press at this time. 1941  October. Suffered ‘a worse stroke than he has had yet and his left side is still quite powerless’. 1941  17 December. RGC’s and Kathleen Edwardes’s daughter, Teresa born. 1942  The New Leviathan published. 1942  May. Suffered another stroke and now had to use a wheelchair. 1942  14 May. Marriage to Kathleen Edwardes at Wallingford Registry Office. RGC travelled in an ambulance and was carried on a stretcher. 1942  3 June. Returned to live at Lanehead: said to his wife ‘take me home to Lanehead to die’. 1943  9 January. Robin George Collingwood died at Lanehead. His funeral was held on 12 January in Coniston, where he is buried. His brother in law, the Reverend Mark Luard-Selby, Ursula’s husband, officiated.

5

The Letters of R. G. Collingwood Introduction R. G. Collingwood (1889–1943), like Hume before him, disapproved of the publication of his private correspondence. In his Autobiography he says of replies to criticisms made in private letters that ‘in no circumstances should I authorise their publication’.1 He expressed a similar wish in his Will where he forbids the publication of any material ‘unless it bears witness of having been intended for more than merely temporary or ephemeral publication’. T. M. Knox reports that Collingwood ‘wrote remarkable letters to his friends, but he did not wish them to be published, and he directed that no attempt should be made to write his biography’.2 Collingwood relaxed this rule only in the case of the correspondence with Gilbert Ryle, which he considered to be of sufficient philosophical importance to merit public scrutiny.3 Furthermore, he discouraged discussion of his work, saying that ‘if there are any who think my work good, let them show their approval of it by attention to their own’.4 To pry into correspondence not intended for publication was an intrusion, irrelevant to understanding his thought, and a violation of his assumption that he was the best judge of which of his writings merited publication. Nevertheless, despite Collingwood’s wishes, it remains a fact that a significant number of letters have survived and are publicly available for inspection in university libraries, and elsewhere. A substantial number have been preserved in private hands. Additionally, since March 1978 the bulk of Collingwood’s unpublished papers have been available in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. Recently, this material has formed the basis for a number of important studies of his thought.5 This leaves the correspondence in an ambiguous position. On the one hand, it cannot be published if Collingwood’s wishes are to be respected, but, on the other, much of it is publicly accessible, and some letters, like the letters to Gilbert Ryle and to Benedetto Croce, have already been published in whole, or, like the letters to de Ruggiero, in substantial part.6 Many letters have become dispersed, and there is, therefore, a bibliographical value in providing an authoritative guide to the correspondence in order to make known to those interested in Collingwood’s thought the location of the letters that have come to light. This was the aim of Peter Johnson’s original work, The Correspondence of R. G. Collingwood, An Illustrated Guide, published by the R. G. Collingwood Society in 1998. Such an exercise respects Collingwood’s disapproval of the publication of private correspondence while at the same time providing a necessary supplement to existing bibliographies. The Guide was descriptive in the sense that it provided a short précis of those passages in

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the letters which are relevant to the understanding of his philosophy and his archaeological work. Since 1998, however, further Collingwood letters have been discovered, many of which add greatly to our understanding of his life and thought. This section of the Research Companion lists all Collingwood letters known to date (with the exception of family and other letters referred to below). It follows the broad aims and classification of Johnson’s Guide and adds all new letters, together with quotations from the letters themselves. Collingwood’s correspondence is diverse in character, written in response to different circumstances, at different dates, from many different locations, and for different correspondents. Letters such as those to Birley, Crawford, Duff, Richmond, NashWilliams and Simpson, reveal Collingwood the working archaeologist, responding to queries about excavations, making suggestions for new lines of historical enquiry and reporting discoveries and recently sketched inscriptions. The letters to the publishers, Macmillan and the Clarendon Press, Oxford, are formal and business-­like, often containing much useful information about Collingwood’s proposals for publication, his intentions regarding their published form and his hopes for their reception. The letters to Alexander, Joseph, Prichard, Ryle and Smith are philosophically interesting in their own right and have the character of a private philosophical discussion. Some letters, those to Hughes and Leftwich, for example, are responses to queries, while that to Lindsay is an expression of political support. Letters to newspapers, like those to The Guardian and The Times, reveal Collingwood the public orator, writing (sometimes in company with other like-­minded individuals) to draw attention to proposals which he finds objectionable or policies the consequences of which have not been properly thought through. Finally, the letters to Coulton, Hopkinson and Knox most obviously reveal the irreducibly contingent nature of all letter-­writing. They contain passages of comment, criticism and encouragement, reports of work in progress, opinions about political life, statements of friendship and support, and all expressed in response to particular circumstances, and on the basis of the particular feelings of the time. When viewed as a whole, however, Collingwood’s correspondence derives its main historical value from the evidence it provides for the more accurate dating of the composition of individual published works. By comparison with the correspondence of Rousseau, Hume and John Stuart Mill, for example, the number of extant Collingwood letters which are publicly accessible is relatively small. It is true that a good many are of a purely formal nature, concerning the return of manuscripts to publishers, for example, or making arrangements for publication. Some are concerned with personal matters irrelevant to understanding his philosophy. Again, some letters duplicate ideas more expansively and satisfactorily expressed in the published works themselves. There are, however, others which do make a substantive contribution to our understanding of his thought. They provide evidence concerning his intentions and his state of mind and health which enables us to trace more sharply the development and consistency of his thought. These include the letters to Alexander, Lindsay, the Clarendon Press, Prichard, Wright, Hughes, Hopkinson, Gilpatric and Knox. With some of the letters to Macmillan the correspondence throws considerable light on many of the more intransigent problems of Collingwood interpretation, while the letters to Croce and de Ruggiero aid a better understanding of Collingwood’s debt to

The Letters of R. G. Collingwood

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Italian thought. In particular, Collingwood’s letters to Alexander help us to understand the development of his aesthetics, and also his debt to Croce. Letters to the Clarendon Press and Macmillan illuminate his willingness to translate de Ruggiero’s A History of European Liberalism, and his decision to re-­translate Ainslie’s original translation of Croce’s Aesthetic. The correspondence with Prichard provides lengthy evidence of Collingwood’s moral philosophy, the letters to Ryle, of his understanding of ontology, and the letters to Wright help us understand his reasons for transferring his work on Roman Inscriptions to Wright himself. Also, we have information regarding the nature and development of his political thought from the correspondence with Coulton, Hopkinson, Hughes, Lindsay, Macmillan, von Leyden, von Trott and Gilpatric. Evidence regarding the effect of his illness on his thought is provided, for example, by the letters to Alexander, the Clarendon Press, Croce, Hopkinson, Knox, Lindsay, von Leyden, and Wright. The whole question of the coherence of the later writings is affected by the letters to the Clarendon Press in which he clarifies his intentions regarding the series he planned in 1938. Such evidence as this does not automatically enforce a reinterpretation of Collingwood’s thought. It has to be evaluated together with the logic of the published works themselves. The original Guide listed over 360 letters from Collingwood. The section on Collingwood’s correspondence in the Research Companion contains these together with 70 additional letters, which include letters to the English novelist, Ann Bridge; the Cambridge historian, G. G. Coulton; the German ancient historian and archaeologist, E. Fabricius; the friend and sailing companion of Collingwood on his cruise to the Greek Islands, Chadbourne Gilpatric; the Oxford philosopher and contemporary of Collingwood, F. C. S. Schiller; and the distinguished anthropologist, Brenda Seligman. As they were in the original Guide, the letters are listed by correspondent, alphabetically, and chronologically for each correspondent. For each group of letters, i.e. those to one correspondent, the location and details of publication are given. Letters whose correspondents are unattributed and copies of letters which may not have been sent have not been included. The only replies to Collingwood’s philosophical letters which have been preserved are those from Prichard and Ryle, and details of these are also listed. The notes provide biographical information for each correspondent, and, when space permits, Collingwood’s references to them in his published works. For each letter the date is given and also a brief outline of its contents. Like the original Guide, the listing of Collingwood’s letters in this section is not exhaustive. It omits the many letters Collingwood wrote to his parents and others close to him which remain in private hands. It does, however, include the letters published in whole or in part in the recent edition of Collingwood’s An Autobiography, published as R. G. Collingwood: An Autobiography & Other Writings, edited by David Boucher and Teresa Smith, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2013 (hereafter AAOW). Other letters are certain to come to light. It is hoped that any supplementary listings will appear in future issues of Collingwood Studies.

Notes 1. An Autobiography, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1939, p.56, fn. 1. 2. See T. M. Knox, ‘Collingwood, Robin George. (1889–1943)’, Dictionary of National Biography 1941–50, p.170.

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3. Correspondence with Gilbert Ryle, letter dated 9 May 1935. 4. An Autobiography, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1939, pp.118–19. 5. These include W. J. Van Der Dussen, History As A Science, The Philosophy of R. G. Collingwood, Martinus Nijhoff Philosophy Library 3, Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague, 1981; David Boucher (editor), R. G. Collingwood, Essays in Political Philosophy, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1989; David Boucher, The Social and Political Thought of R. G. Collingwood, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1989; James Connelly, Metaphysics, Method and Politics, The Political Philosophy of R. G. Collingwood, Imprint Academic, Exeter, 2003, where the correspondence used is listed on pp.324–5; Gary K. Browning, Rethinking R. G. Collingwood, Philosophy, Politics and the Unity of Theory and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, 2004, where the correspondence used is listed on p.201; and Peter Johnson, A Philosopher at the Admiralty, R. G. Collingwood and the First World War (A Philosopher at War Volume One), Imprint Academic, Exeter, 2012, and A Philosopher and Appeasement (A Philosopher at War Volume Two), Imprint Academic, Exeter, 2013. Collingwood’s letters have been used as a source for the dating of manuscripts (see, for example, R. G. Collingwood, The Principles of History and other writings in philosophy of history, edited with an Introduction by W. H. Dray and W. J. Van der Dussen, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1999) and in the writing of a biography (see Fred Inglis, History Man, The Life of R. G. Collingwood, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2009). 6. Collingwood’s correspondence with Ryle has been published in full, see R. G. Collingwood, An Essay on Philosophical Method, New Edition with an Introduction and additional material edited by James Connelly and Giuseppina D’Oro, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 2005, pp.253–326. For the publication of Collingwood’s letters to Croce, see A. Donagan, The Later Philosophy of R. G. Collingwood, Oxford, 1962, Appendix III, pp.314–17, and in their entirety in Amedeo Vigorelli, ‘LETTERE DI ROBIN GEORGE COLLINGWOOD A BENEDETTO CROCE (1912–1939)’, Rivista di storia della filosofia, n. 3, 1991, pp.545–63; for the publication of Collingwood’s letters to de Ruggiero, see Alessandra Greppi Olivetti, DUE SAGGI SU R. G. COLLINGWOOD, Liviana Editrice, Padua, 1977, pp.87–104.

Acknowledgements

In compiling the letters section we have accumulated a large number of debts both to individuals and to institutions. Mr Peter Nicholson of the University of York was a great help in the early stages of compiling Peter Johnson’s original work on Collingwood’s letters which was published under the auspices of the R. G. Collingwood Society as The Correspondence of R. G. Collingwood, An Illustrated Guide, Swansea, 1998; Professor David Boucher, joint-­editor of Collingwood Studies, has been unstinting in his support and encouragement throughout. Together they have saved us from many errors. In matters Collingwoodian we owe them both a great deal. Thanks are especially due to Mrs Lucy Roe for her sage advice about how to go about listing Collingwood’s correspondence in Johnson’s original Guide. With some small amendments this advice has been followed here. Peter Johnson’s colleagues in the Department of Philosophy, University of Southampton, helped greatly with the original guide through their tolerance, breadth of knowledge and, at times when it was needed, their sense of humour. Peter Johnson and James Connelly are grateful to the British Academy for the award of a travel grant in 1985 which enabled them to examine the T. M. Knox archive at the University of St Andrews. Our most important debts, however, are owed to the owners and custodians of the letters themselves. Teresa Smith, Collingwood’s daughter and Hon. President of the Collingwood Society, has through her contribution to Collingwood Studies been a model to follow. The late Dr Grace Simpson not only most kindly gave access to Collingwood’s letters to her father, F. G. Simpson, but also showed us copies in her possession of Collingwood’s letters to his own father, W. G. Collingwood. The following individuals also graciously allowed us to consult letters in their possession – the late Professor Eric Birley, Professor Anthony Birley, the late Professor H. T. Hopkinson, the late Rev R. Q. Nelson, Professor W. von Leyden and the late Professor R. P. Wright. Institutions and the librarians and archivists who work in them are also due considerable gratitude. We would like to thank Dr R. Taylor of the John Rylands Library, University of Manchester; the Hon. Secretary of the Armitt Library, Ambleside; Mr Nicholas Wilson formerly of the Clarendon Press; Dr D. S. Porter and, more latterly, Mr Colin Harris of the Bodleian Library, Oxford; the Librarian of Pembroke College, Oxford; Mrs Willmoore Kendall for access to the Kendall Papers; Mr Robert N. Smart of St Andrews University Library; Ms A. Broom of the Department of Antiquities, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford; Ilaria Perzia of the Ashmolean Museum; the Librarian of the British Museum; Mr David I. Mason of the Brotherton Library, University of Leeds; Mr Ian C. Frazer of Keele University Library; W. H. Bond, Librarian of the Houghton Library, Harvard University; the Librarian, Magdalen College, Oxford; the Librarian, National Library of Wales; the library staff at the Harry Ransom Research Center, the University of Texas at Austin; the Librarian of St John’s College, Cambridge; the library staff at the University of Leeds Library Special Collections and the library staff at

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Liverpool University Library. Thanks are also due to Maggy Sasanow, Research Support Officer of the Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents, who helped us to locate a number of letters about Roman inscriptions sent to him from various correspondents, some of whom are listed in this section. To all the above we are grateful for providing us with copies of letters in their possession and for giving us permission to quote short extracts from them. Our thanks are also due to the following who provided useful answers to queries: Lord Morris of Grasmere, Lady Drusilla Scott, Lord Duncan-Sandys; Professors Robert D. Cumming, George Clark, T. M. Knox, Alan Donagan, Dorothy Emmet, William Kneale, J. N. L. Myres, G. N. G. Orsini, H. H. Price, G. Ryle and E. W. F. Tomlin; Miss Mary Bailey, A. S. Bell, Assistant Keeper of Manuscripts, National Library of Scotland, G. L. Harris, Librarian Magdalen College Oxford, Mrs J. K. Cordy, then Assistant Librarian, Pembroke College Oxford, Mrs J. Woods, Archivist, the Labour Party Library, and Mr Chadbourne Gilpatric. We would also like to thank Professor J. G. Slater and Mr Rik Peters for providing us with copies of Collingwood material in their possession. The contributors to Collingwood Studies have also given us information, encouragement and stimulation. Most guides of correspondence take the form of interim reports; our instincts tell us that further Collingwood correspondence will come to light. This list, therefore, should be taken as a start for others to follow.

Abbreviations Burchnall Ruth A. Burchnall, Catalogue of the Papers of Robin George Collingwood (1889–1943) (Dep Collingwood 1–28), Bodleian Library, Oxford, 1994. Dreisbach Christopher Dreisbach, R. G. Collingwood: A Bibliographic Checklist, Philosophy Documentation Center, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio, 1993. Olivetti Alessandra Greppi Olivetti, Due Saggi Su R. G. Collingwood con un’appendice di lettere inedite di Collingwood a G. de Ruggiero, Liviana Editrice, Padova, 1977. Taylor Donald S. Taylor, R. G. Collingwood, A Bibliography, Garland Publishing Inc, New York and London, 1988. V W. J. Van Der Dussen, History As A Science: The Philosophy of R. G. Collingwood, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague, 1981. VI Amedeo Vigorelli, ‘Lettere di Robin George Collingwood A Benedetto Croce (1912–1939)’, Rivista di storia della filosofia, n.3, 1991, pp.545–63.

The Letters of R. G. Collingwood

The Correspondents

Alexander, S. Anderson, J. G. C. ‘Bee, Mrs’ Bell, H. Berlin, I. Birley, E. Bosanquet, R. C. Bridge, Ann Cartmell, J. Clarendon Press Clark, G. N. Clifford, E. Collingwood, B. C. Collingwood, C. Collingwood, D. Collingwood, E. M. D. Collingwood, E. W. Collingwood, U. M. [Ursula] Collingwood, U. R. [Ruth] Collingwood, W. G. Collingwood, W. R. Coulthard, H. R. Coulton, G. G. Crawford, O. G. S. Croce, B. De Ruggiero, G. Dudden, F. H. Duff, H. Eckwall, E. Eliot, T.S. Emden, A. B. Fabricius, E. Folklore Society (Harold Coote Lake, Hon. Secretary) Forestry Commission Fox, C.

Garrett, F. C. Gilpatric, C. Gordon, G. S. The Guardian (the editor) Haverfield Bequest Committee Hawkes, C. Home, G. Hopkinson, H. T. Hough, C. Hughes, E. R. Joachim, H. H. (Mrs) Joseph, H. W. B. Kendall, W. Knox, T. M. Last, H. M. Leeds, E. T. Leftwich Lindsay, A. D. Lowenfeld, M. Lynam, A. E. Macdonald, J. R. Macmillan and Company Manley, E. Margoliouth, D. S. Mary ? Miles, B. Munro, I. Murray, G. Nash-Williams, V. E. Nelson, R. Q. Newbold, W. The Observer (the editor) Ormerod, H. A. The Oxford Magazine (the editor)

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64 Prichard, H. A. Ransome, A. Reade, A. Lyell Reiches, D. Richmond, I. A. Rothenstein, W. Ryle, G. Schiller, F. C. S. Seligman, B. Simpson, F. G. Simpson, F. G. (Mrs) Smith, J. A. Stefansson, J.

R. G. Collingwood: A Research Companion Taylor, M. V. The Times (the editor) The Times Literary Supplement (the editor) Toynbee, A. J. Von Leyden, W. M. Von Trott zu Solz, A. Wheeler, R. E. M. Wordsworth, G. Wright, R. P. The Yorkshire Post (the editor)

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The Correspondence of R. G. Collingwood In addition to the items detailed in the main listing, there are a large number of letters from Collingwood to family and friends in the possession of his daughter Teresa Smith at the Teresa Smith Archive (TSA). For these items we have listed the range of dates and the TSA reference numbers. In due course these letters will be donated to the Bodleian Library, at which point fuller details of content will become possible. We would like to thank Teresa Smith for permission to refer to this material in the Companion. To members of family and friends 104 letters with unidentified recipients. FLTR 95–6, 98, 100, 145, 147, 154–5, 158, 168–9, 174, 176, 178, 200–1, 203, 205, 207–9, 217, 219, 222, 247, 258, 259, 269, 272, 277, 298, 301, 308, 310, 313–21, 324–5, 327, 331–4, 338, 340–1, 344, 349, 351–2, 352, 354–5, 355, 358–9, 369–70, 372, 374–5, 379, 382–4, 387, 389–92, 394, 422, 433, 440, 453–4, 470, 510, 511, 513, 515, 531, 534, 538, 559, 564, 603A, 743, 760, 839, 841, 845–6, 848, 877, 881, 884–6 Letters and related juvenilia 66 items: JUV 18–84 To Barbara Collingwood 113 letters, 1903–41 FLTR 37,76, 82, 87, 94, 97, 131, 134, 150, 162, 170, 197, 228, 233, 239, 249, 253, 278, 292, 330, 357, 362, 368, 376, 380, 396, 401, 423, 432, 438, 442, 447, 492, 586, 742, 744–59, 761, 762–3, 766–75, 778, 782, 792–4, 797, 801, 803, 818, 821, 823–6, 831–4, 836–8, 840, 842, 844, 847, 849, 852–3, 856–75 To Charlie Collingwood 18 letters, 1937–9 FLTR 780, 784, 786, 789, 791, 795, 796, 798, 799, 807, 815–17, 819, 822, 835, 843, 854 To Dora Collingwood 65 letters, 1902–18 FLTR 1, 4, 6, 7, 10, 19, 25, 40, 45–8, 54, 60, 64, 69, 79, 104, 119, 138, 142, 144, 163, 175, 180, 199, 213, 229, 236, 238, 261, 267, 275, 282, 288, 290–1, 294–5, 309, 323, 328, 339, 342–3, 346, 353, 360–1, 366, 377, 393, 402, 405, 414, 432A, 437, 451, 460, 466, 472, 474, 479, 529–30 To Edith Collingwood 195 letters, 1903–28 FLTR 13, 16, 18, 23, 26, 30–3, 41, 44, 51–2, 39, 56–8, 61–2, 65, 68, 70, 72–5, 80, 83, 85–6, 88, 90–3, 107, 111, 113, 116, 122–3, 126, 128, 132, 135, 139–41, 146, 148, 153, 159, 161, 164, 171, 173, 177, 179, 182, 184, 187, 188, 195–6, 198, 202, 212, 214, 216, 218, 220, 224, 226, 232, 235, 237, 240, 242–3, 250, 264, 271, 273, 276, 280, 284, 286, 297, 299, 302, 303, 304, 326, 329, 336–7, 345, 347, 350, 356, 363–4, 367, 371, 373, 378, 386, 395, 398–9, 403,

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406–7, 410, 412, 418, 420, 426, 428–9, 434–5, 441, 444, 446, 448, 450, 452, 455, 465, 468, 470A, 471, 476, 482, 483, 485, 487–9, 491, 495–6, 498, 500, 502, 504–5, 508–9, 509, 517– 18, 518, 520–1, 525, 528, 532–3, 537, 542, 544, 546, 558, 560–1, 561, 565–6, 566, 569–70, 570, 573–4, 576, 578–81, 583–5, 588–591, 593, 596–7, 599, 878–80 To Ethel Collingwood 87 letters, 1918–1926 PLTR 1–87; 123 letters from 1930–41: PLTR 88–97, 103–8, 110–13, 115–16, 119–20, 122, 125, 127, 140, 143–62, 173, 176–210; FLTR 830, 864A To Ursula Collingwood 43 letters, 1902–20 FLTR 5, 14, 15,20, 20A, 21, 21A, 24,63, 71,78, 99, 102–3, 105–6, 108, 110, 112, 114, 118, 120–1, 130, 157, 225, 231, 244, 246, 251, 254, 262–3, 266, 270, 281, 293, 335, 419, 424, 516, 541, 557 To W. G. Collingwood 300 letters, 1902–32 PLTR 81, FLTR 8, 9, 15A, 17, 22, 27–9, 34–6, 38, 43, 49, 50, 53, 55, 59, 66, 77, 81, 84, 94, 101, 109, 115, 117, 124–5, 127, 129, 133, 136–7, 143, 149, 151–2, 160, 165–6, 167, 172, 181, 183, 185–6, 189–92, 204, 206, 210–11, 215, 221, 223, 227, 230, 234, 241, 248, 252, 255, 257, 260, 265, 268, 274, 283, 285, 287, 289, 296, 300, 312, 322, 365, 385, 388, 397, 400, 404, 408–9, 411, 413, 415, 417, 421, 425–7, 430–1, 436, 439, 443, 445, 449, 456, 458–9, 461–464, 467, 469, 473, 475, 480–1, 484, 490, 493–4, 499, 501, 503, 506–7, 512, 514, 519, 522–4, 526–7, 535–6, 539–40, 543, 545, 547–8, 551–6, 562–3, 567–8, 571–2, 575, 582, 587, 591A, 594, 600–16, 618–26, 628–36, 638–50, 653–62, 664–74, 676–92, 694–6, 698– 707, 709–25, 727–36, 738–41, 876 To Isobel Munro 17 letters, 1930–32 PLTR 99–101, 114, 117, 118, 121, 123–6, 128–30, 132, 135, 138 A ALEXANDER, SAMUEL Ale1  To: Alexander, S. (1) Date: 24 May 1925 Location: Papers of Samuel Alexander, John Rylands Library, University of Manchester; Bodleian Library, Oxford has photocopies of all Collingwood’s letters to Alexander, see Burchnall, 26/1 Reference: John Rylands Library, Special Collections, ALEX/A/1/1/68 Subject matter: discussion of aesthetics, reflecting Collingwood’s early interest in the subject. Collingwood distinguishes his own view from Alexander’s, and from Croce’s whose thought is mentioned. There are references also to Bradley, Bosanquet, and Abercrombie as aestheticians. Collingwood concludes that Alexander’s paper [‘Art and the Material’, Alexander’s Adamson Lecture, 1925, see Samuel Alexander, Philosophical

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and Literary Pieces, Macmillan, London, 1939, pp.211–32] which he has just read seemed ‘a breath of sanity and sense in a world largely given over to talking about Art without experience of the thing talked about. Even Croce talks like a literary critic, not like an artist; so does Abercrombie; so do the whole pack of them. Bosanquet knew nothing about art; Bradley something, but he wouldn’t say it. Most of the modern realists seem to glory in the terrific completeness of their ignorance of it.’ Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.33. (1) Alexander, Samuel, 1859–1958. Professor of Philosophy, University of Manchester, 1893–1924. See Dictionary of National Biography, and the Obituary by John Laird, Proceedings of the British Academy, xxiv, 1938. Main works: Moral Order and Progress, London 1889; Space, Time and Deity, London 1920; Philosophical and Literary Pieces, London 1939. Collingwood discusses Alexander in An Autobiography, Oxford 1939, Ch. VI; The Idea of Nature, Oxford 1945, pp.158–77, and An Essay on Metaphysics, Oxford 1940, pp.172–80. Ale2  To: Alexander, S. Date: 30 July 1928 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: discussion of Collingwood’s review of Alexander’s ‘Art and Instinct’ [Journal of Philosophy, 3, 1928, pp.370–3]. Collingwood clarifies his own position in relation to Alexander’s, and he presents ideas which he further develops in An Essay on Philosophical Method, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1933. Of the difference between his view of art and Alexander’s, Collingwood writes that ‘whereas you say art is an outgrowth of practice, I say practice (in the ordinary sense) is an outgrowth of art.’ Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.33. Ale3  To: Alexander, S. Date: 3 November 1933 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood thanks Alexander for his support for An Essay on Philosophical Method which had been recently published and he remarks on the affinity between it and Alexander’s Space, Time and Deity. Collingwood mentions that he has read C. R. Morris, Idealistic Logic, Macmillan, London, 1933. Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.33. Ale4  To: Alexander, S. Date: 13 February 1935 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: mainly concerned with the relation between Process and Reality by A. N. Whitehead and Alexander’s own Space, Time and Deity. Whitehead is charged with paying too little attention to history.

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Publication: part published in Dorothy Emmet (ed.), S. Alexander, Space, Time and Deity, Macmillan, London 1966, pp.xvii–xviii; Taylor 1.33. Ale5  To: Alexander, S. Date: 30 March 1935 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood’s thanks to Alexander for writing a testimonial for his candidature for the Waynflete Chair of Metaphysical Philosophy at Oxford [Collingwood was elected to this in 1935, on the retirement of Professor J. A. Smith]. Collingwood writes that ‘the electors were, I learn, a good deal tickled that a candidate habitually labelled Idealist should send in, as his only testimonial, one from our leading Realist’. Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.33. Ale6  To: Alexander, S. Date: 29 April 1938 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: reference to Collingwood’s illness and its effect on his life, Collingwood writes, ‘I had a stroke at the beginning of February. It was a very slight one, but even when they are very slight they are rather a nuisance. However, they don’t come unannounced, and I had known for years that it was coming: and now I am reorganizing my life in the hope of salvaging a few of the bits of cargo I have in my head before the next one arrives.’ Collingwood speaks of his admiration for Alexander’s work and its affinities with his own. Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.33; Dreisbach 5.3. ANDERSON, J.G.C. And1  To: Anderson, J.G.C. (1) Date: 10 March 1936 Location: Haverfield Bequest Committee, Oxford Institute of Archaeology Reference:— Subject matter: archaeological matters. Publication: unpublished (1) J.G.C. Anderson (1870–1952) was a Student and Tutor of Christ Church College, Oxford and Camden Professor of Ancient History at Oxford from 1927 to 1936. B ‘MRS BEE’ Bee1  To: ‘Mrs Bee’ (1) Date: 3 April 1900 Location: The Collingwood Society and Collingwood and British Idealism Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff. Reference:—

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Subject matter: Collingwood wrote this letter aged eleven. It reflects his youthful interest in scouting [there is a reference to an article on scouting in Pearson’s Magazine]. There are also drawings, maps and an illustration of how speeds of horses, cantering, galloping, etc., can be detected through the marks made by their hooves. Publication: unpublished (1) ‘Mrs Bee’ was the Collingwood children’s affectionate name for Mrs Alfred Willink, née Beatrice Luard-Selby (1856–1924). Beatrice Luard-Selby’s nephew, the Rev. R. B. Luard-Selby, married Ursula Collingwood. ‘Mrs Bee’ was keenly musical and a close friend of the Collingwood family. The letters show Collingwood’s boyhood enthusiasm for scouting and they provide further evidence for his love of Kipling’s stories at that time. Bee2  To: ‘Mrs Bee’ Date: 10 April 1900 Location: As above Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood thanks Mrs Bee for two books she sent him – Baden Powell’s Aids to Scouting and Kipling’s Captains Courageous. There is also a reference to his sisters, Ursula and Dora. Publication: unpublished BELL, HERBERT Bel1  To: Bell, H. (1) Date: 31 December 1924 Location: Armitt Library & Museum Centre, Rydal Road, Ambleside LA22 9BL Reference: ALMS 362/ 3 Subject matter: archaeological matters. Publication: unpublished (1) Bell, H., 1856–1946. Hon Secretary and Librarian of the Armitt Library; for further information, see Eileen Jay, The Armitt Story Ambleside, The Loughrigg Press, for the Armitt Trust, 1998, especially p.41, where Collingwood’s close involvement with the Armitt Museum, including his writing on behalf of the Armitt Trustees to the National Trust to arrange the transfer of Roman finds to the Museum, is made absolutely clear. Bel2  To: Bell, H. Date: 29 August 1932 Location: as above Reference: ALMS 363 Subject matter: Collingwood’s illness; plans to travel abroad. Publication: unpublished, but cited and discussed in Eileen Jay, ‘The Armitt Museum’s Roman Collection’, The Armitt Journal, 1996, pp.26–30, p.29. Bel3  To: Bell, H. Date: 29 November 1932

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Location: as above Reference: ALMS 364 Subject matter: concerns the gathering together and relocating of the Armitt Roman collection; Collingwood intends to arrive at Ambleside in December bringing materials from his home at Lanehead. Publication: as above Bel4  To: Bell, H. Date: 2 March 1933 Location: as above Reference: ALMS 151 Subject matter: intention to be present at the opening of the Armitt Museum Roman room. Publication: as above Bel5  To: Bell, H. Date: 5 March 1933 Location: as above Reference: ALMS 152 Subject matter: discusses details of his visit. Publication: as above BERLIN, ISAIAH Ber1  To: Berlin, Isaiah (1) Date: 5 January 1938 Location: Papers of Isaiah Berlin, Bodleian Library, Oxford Reference: MS. Berlin 106, Fol. 2 Subject matter: Collingwood turns down Berlin’s invitation to participate in a philosophical discussion, saying ‘I altogether disapprove of these “philosophical discussions”, and have never attended one which did not confirm me in my disapproval and make me ashamed of having gone.’ Publication: unpublished, but see the reference in Michael Ignatieff, A Life of Isaiah Berlin, Chatto and Windus, London, 1998, p.58. (1) Berlin, Isaiah, 1909–97. Social and political philosopher and historian of ideas. Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford from 1932, Chichele Professor of Social and Political Theory from 1957. His works include Karl Marx, London, 1939; Four Essays on Liberty, Oxford, 1969 and a number of volumes of essays and studies in the history of ideas. BIRLEY, ERIC Bir1  To: Birley, E. (1) Date: 17 June 1926 Location: private possession Reference: Collingwood to Birley Subject matter: a note inviting Birley to discuss his taking part in an excavation with Collingwood at Bainbridge in Wensleydale. In a letter to Peter Johnson dated 16 September

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1977 Birley explains how this invitation came about. He writes, ‘My Philosophy tutor in Brasenose, Jenkinson, didn’t take long, in my first Greats term, to appreciate that philosophy was not for me; so, after I had read an essay to him, and he commented on it, there were twenty minutes or so to fill in, out of the hour; so he asked me what I was proposing to do in the Long Vacation. I told him that I had heard that Wheeler was about to excavate the Caerleon amphitheatre, and that he was prepared to take undergraduates into his work-­force. “Oh,” said Jenkinson, “you are interested in Roman Britain, then? I will put you in touch with Collingwood” (who, as you know, was university lecturer in Philosophy and Roman Britain); this letter was the upshot, and in the event I took part in my first excavation, under him, at Bainbridge in Wensleydale. At the close of the excavation, he took me to a country meeting of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society (whose Transactions he edited), and after that suggested that I should have a look at Hadrian’s Wall, before returning home to Manchester. In 1927 he sent me to excavate on the Wall with F. G. Simpson, and that led, indirectly, to my appointment as lecturer in Roman British History and Archaeology in the two divisions of the federal university of Durham – to which the next letter refers.’ Publication: unpublished (1) Birley, E., 1906–95. Professor of Romano-British History and Archaeology at Durham University 1956–71, leading Romano-British archaeologist, studied under Collingwood at Oxford; main publications, Research on Hadrian’s Wall, Kendal, 1961; Roman Britain and the Roman Army, London, 1953; for further biographical information see the Obituary in The Times, 15 November 1995. Bir2  To: Birley, E. Date: 10 November 1930 Location: as above Reference: Collingwood to Birley Subject matter: reference to Birley’s work on Roman inscriptions, in particular his impending ‘Introduction to the Excavation of Chesterholm-Vindolanda’, Archaeologia Aeliana, 4th Series, volume viii, 1931; advice on how to approach archaeological work – advice which Birley in his letter to Johnson says that he was always grateful for – Collingwood writes, ‘And my only apprehension about you, in fact, is that you will do too much: I mean, that you will devote yourself so exclusively to historical and archaeological studies that you will lose (as many archaeologists do) the quality of a man totus teres atque rotundus. People who lose that quality suddenly find their historical and archaeological work dry and loathsome and become discontented, unhappy and half-­hearted in their job. I have always escaped that fate by doing other things primarily, and keeping my archaeology as an amateur’s hobby, but then of course mine is amateurish, and yours aims at a higher standard. But there is no reason why you should not reach that standard while still keeping much of your mind free for other interests and occupations.’ Publication: part published V444; Taylor 1.189; Dreisbach 5.4. BOSANQUET, ROBERT CARR Bos1  To: Bosanquet, R. C. (1)

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Date: 25 April 1933 Location: Sackler Library, Oxford (2) Reference: Collingwood File Subject matter: Collingwood’s deteriorating health; problems of translating Latin epigraphs; mutual friends, etc. Publication: unpublished (1) Bosanquet, R. C., 1871–1935. Archaeologist, Director of the British School at Athens, 1900–5, Professor of Classical Archaeology at the University of Liverpool, 1906–20; excavated in Roman sites in Wales; Collingwood’s opinion of Bosanquet is to be found in Robert Carr Bosanquet, Letters and Light Verse, edited by Ellen S. Bosanquet, John Bellows Ltd., Gloucester, 1930, p.9 – ‘In discussing high and serious matters of archaeology with him one never knew when his face, evidently quite against his will, would begin to be suffused with an expression like the summer dawn and he would come out with a comment on some exquisitely funny aspect of the subject. At the same time, like other men with a well-­developed and well-­exercised sense of humour, he had a perfectly serious mind, inflexibly business like, entirely unselfish, and tireless in taking trouble for the good of others and for the advancement of knowledge’. For further discussion of Bosanquet, see Grace Lawless Lee, The Story of the Bosanquets, Phillimore and Company Ltd., Canterbury, 1966, pp.7, 83, 129. (2) The Sackler Library was previously known as the Ashmolean Library. BRIDGE, ANN (pseudonym of Mary Dolling Sanders O’Malley) Bri1  To: Bridge, Ann (1) Date: 21 October 1927 Location: Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center, University of Texas at Austin Reference: AB Papers, 20.4, File ‘Z’ Subject matter: Collingwood gives his advice on the problems of permission that Ann Bridge had encountered in her plan to translate the stories of Daniel Vare. He encloses a Memorandum in which he describes the facts of the situation as he understands them. [It seems that the translation project was abandoned since as Ann Bridge writes later, ‘At that stage I had the idea of translating Daniel Vare’s Chinese short stories into English – I wrote to him, sending a sample, and received permission. Armed with this I asked Harold Raymond, of Chatto & Windus, whether he would care to publish these if I did enough to fill a book? The Raymonds were neighbours and friends, and I occasionally read French and Italian novels for Harold, to report on whether they were worth translating. Harold’s reply was memorable – “I’d much rather you wrote us a novel about China yourself ” ’, Ann Bridge, Facts and Fictions, Chatto and Windus, London, 1968, p.36, also p.20. The result was Peking Picnic, 1932. It may be that in giving his advice Collingwood was remembering the problems he encountered when he translated Croce’s Aesthetic, a work originally translated by Douglas Ainslie, see his letters to Macmillan, Mac9 and following.] Publication: unpublished (1) Bridge, Ann [pseudonym of Mary Dolling Sanders O’Malley 1889–1974, known to Collingwood as Mary Anne], mountaineer, novelist and biographer. Her novels

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include Peking Picnic, 1932, The Ginger Griffin, 1934, and Illyrian Spring, 1935. Her novel, And Then You Came, Chatto and Windus, London, 1948 is set in the country around Skipness and includes an archaeological dig. Ann Bridge was married to the diplomat, Owen O’Malley, a cousin of Angus Graham whose sister, Ethel Graham, married Collingwood on 22 June 1918 [see Angus Graham, Skipness Memories of a Highland Estate, Cannongate Academic, Edinburgh, 1993, pp.33 and 111]. It seems that Ann Bridge met Ethel before Collingwood since, writing of her time working for the Charity Organization Society in London before the First World War, she says, ‘At the C. O. S. I encountered Ethel Graham of Skipness, who was studying sociology,’ [at Somerville College, Oxford], ‘and she invited me to spend the Easter of 1913 at her home in Argyll. There I met my husband; by June we were engaged; and in October of that year we got married and settled down in London.’ Ann Bridge, Portrait of My Mother, Chatto and Windus, London, 1955, p.230. Like Collingwood, although in a different department, Ann Bridge worked for Admiralty Intelligence during the War, see Ann Bridge, Moments of Knowing Some Personal Experiences beyond Normal Knowledge, Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1970, pp.18ff. C CARTMELL, J. Car1  To: Cartmell, J. (1) Date: 28 October 1935 Location: Pembroke College, Oxford Reference: 61/7/3 Subject matter: Collingwood’s thanks on being elected an Honorary Member of the Johnson Society. Collingwood writes, ‘I am very much delighted to hear from your kind letter that the Johnson Society, with which I have so long had the most pleasant relations, has elected me an honorary member. I welcome most warmly everything that may serve to bind me more closely to the College where I have spent the greater part of my life, and a connexion of this kind is especially gratifying to me.’ Publication: unpublished (1) J. Cartmell was a student at Pembroke College, and President of the Junior Common Room [he was presumably an office holder in the Johnson Society; not clear when he became President of the JCR]. CLARENDON PRESS Clar1  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford, (1), Johnson, J. [hereafter, JJ] (2) Date: 1 March 1923 Location: Clarendon Press Archives. Photocopies in Bodleian Library, Oxford Reference: LB988 Subject matter: comments on G. McN. Rushforth, Latin Historical Inscriptions. Publication: unpublished (1) Collingwood’s first book, a translation of B. Croce, The Philosophy of Giambattista Vico, was published by Howard Latimer in 1913. [The origins of the publishers Howard Latimer are described in Patrick Howarth, Squire ‘Most Generous of Men’,

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Hutchinson, London, 1963 – ‘In addition to his work as a freelance writer Squire became involved at this period in a publishing enterprise. A friend named Howard Hannay had received some money from his father, and with this he and Squire founded the Howard Latimer Publishing Company’ [p.77]; Howard Latimer Ltd was founded in 1912 and failed in 1916 when it was sold to George Allen and Unwin.] Collingwood’s next book was Religion and Philosophy which he published with Macmillan in 1916; in 1921, with Howard Hannay, he translated G. De Ruggiero, Modern Philosophy for George Allen and Unwin. His first book for Oxford University Press was Roman Britain in 1923. While the letters here listed give a fair reflection of Collingwood‘s relations with the Clarendon Press both as a Delegate and an author they should not be regarded as comprehensive. Many letters were destroyed, some have been lost and others may yet come to light. A good picture of the Press at this time, which includes some discussion of Collingwood and, more extensively, with those in the Press with whom he corresponded, may be found in Peter Sutcliffe, The Oxford University Press An Informal History, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1978. (2) Johnson, John de Monins, 1882–1956. Assistant Secretary to the Delegates of Oxford University Press 1915–25, Printer to the University 1925–46. Clar2  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (JJ) Date: 20 August 1923 Location: as above Reference: 824124 Subject matter: offers Speculum Mentis for publication, Collingwood writes – ‘It is a system of philosophy, and is my magnum opus: I am not altogether without hopes that it will make a splash, as far as this sort of thing ever makes a splash; at any rate I have set out a very definite point of view and poked up all the burning questions from psychoanalysis to conscientious objection’; includes a synopsis for consideration; reference to an advance copy of Roman Britain. Publication: unpublished, Taylor 1.143; Dreisbach 5.1. Clar3  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (JJ) Date: 27 August 1923 Location: as above Reference: PBED001541 Subject matter: intention to deliver the MS. of Speculum Mentis; publication date for Roman Britain. Publication: unpublished Clar4  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (JJ) Date: 2 November 1923 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: agreement and approval of the title-­page of Speculum Mentis. Publication: unpublished

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Clar5  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (JJ) Date: 26 March 1924 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: refers to difficulties raised over Speculum Mentis as a title, Collingwood writes that he is unwilling to change it because he ‘had this title in mind from the beginning’. Publication: unpublished Clar6  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (JJ) Date: 10 August 1924 Location: as above Reference: LB5315 Subject matter: Collingwood discusses the word length to aim at in writing his Outlines of a Philosophy of Art. Publication: unpublished Clar7  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (JJ) Date: 31 August 1924 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: completion of the manuscript of Outlines of a Philosophy of Art; queries about publication details of Speculum Mentis. Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.144; Dreisbach 5.16. Clar8  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford Date: 26 September 1924 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: illustrations and index for Outlines of a Philosophy of Art. Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.144; Dreisbach 5.11. Clar9  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (JJ) Date: 29 September 1924 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: index for Outlines of a Philosophy of Art. Publication: unpublished; Dreisbach 5.16. Clar10  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford Chapman, R.W (hereafter RWC) (3) Date: 9 November 1924 Location: as above Reference: 814244 Subject matter: subsidy for the preparation of Roman Inscriptions of Britain [a project which the Clarendon Press began formally to consider on 1 May 1924]. Publication: unpublished

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(3) Chapman, Robert William, 1881–1960. Secretary to the Delegates of Oxford University Press 1920–42; writer and literary historian. Clar11  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (RWC) Date: 3 November 1925 Location: as above Reference: CP/ED/000866 Subject matter: permission to reproduce Dr Samuel Johnson Ms material. Publication: unpublished Clar12  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford Norrington, A.L.P (hereafter ALPN) (4) Date: undated Location: as above Reference: P9085 Subject matter: remarks on Stuart Jones, Select Passages from Ancient Writers Illustrative of the History of Greek Sculpture. Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.178; Dreisbach 5.23. (4) Norrington, Arthur Lionel Pugh, 1899–1982. Assistant Secretary to the Delegates of Oxford University Press 1925–42; writer and university administrator. Clar13  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford Sisam, K. (hereafter KS) (5) Date: 18 February 1926 Location: as above Reference: LB4994 Subject matter: Collingwood asks if a copy of his Outlines of a Philosophy of Art could be sent to Dr. S. Hoffmeyer ‘who is introducing my works to the Danish public’; publishing matters relating to Collingwood’s Guide to the Roman Wall. Publication: unpublished (5) Sisam, Kenneth, 1887–1971. Assistant Secretary to the Delegates of Oxford University Press 1925–42; Secretary 1942–8; editor of English verse; literary critic and friend of Collingwood. Clar14  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 12 March 1926 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: notes regarding publishing matters. Publication: unpublished Clar15  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (ALPN) Date: 4 June 1926 Location: as above Reference: PB/ED/006045 Subject matter: Collingwood writes concerning the possibility of a second edition of Vernon Blake’s Relation in Art which the Clarendon Press had published in 1925. Blake

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had written to Collingwood asking him for comments and corrections to be made on an interleaved copy of his book. Vernon Blake, 1875–1930, was an artist whose work Collingwood respected. He visited Blake in the South of France and makes an admiring reference to him in The Principles of Art [p.145]; Blake in his book, Thought: A State Asset, published by the Author at 56 Tedworth Square, London SW3, 1930 writes, ‘Mr R. G. Collingwood of Oxford read my “Relation in Art” through three times before venturing on a printed criticism’ [p.62]; this must refer to Collingwood’s review of the book in The Oxford Magazine, 24 February 1927, pp.339–40 where he writes of it – ‘It belongs to the very small company of books on art written with authority . . . Mr Blake is, first, an exceedingly competent artist – I do not know a better living draughtsman of the nude – and, secondly a critic of genius’; for an Obituary of Blake, see The Architectural Review, Vol. 67, June 1930, pp.355–6. Publication: unpublished Clar16  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 1 August 1926 Location: as above Reference: LB5898 Subject matter: Collingwood proposes that the Press publish an English translation of Guido de Ruggiero’s ‘History of European Liberalism’; Collingwood says of de Ruggiero, ‘He is one of the most brilliant historical and philosophical writers of Italy; the most important philosophical figure in the post-Crocean generation, and especially interested in politics and their history – to the extent of being a persecuted anti-Fascist. This book is, and will very likely remain, his masterpiece; I regard it as an exceedingly fine piece of work and one of genuinely international importance.’ The book was published by the Press in Collingwood’s own translation in 1927. Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.146; Dreisbach 5.44. Clar17  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 12 August 1926 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood offers to translate de Ruggiero’s book himself; discussion of royalties. Publication: unpublished Clar18  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: undated Location: as above Reference: LB6243 Subject matter: discussion of de Ruggiero’s Liberalism; Collingwood proposes that the Press publish an English translation of Croce’s ‘History of Italy from 1870 to 1915’; investigation of possible translators. Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.147; Dreisbach 5.37.

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Clar19  To: Clarendon Press Oxford (KS) Date: 20 May 1927 Location: as above Reference: 814244 Subject matter: printing, and illustrations for, a Report on Roman London. Publication: unpublished Clar20  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 20 December 1927 Location: as above Reference: LB6423 Subject matter: Collingwood’s pleasure at the decision of the Press to publish Croce’s History; additionally, Collingwood writes: ‘It is very kind of you to offer me a book for a Christmas present. I think I should like nothing better than Joachim’s De Generatione et Corruptione, which I have coveted ever since it was published’; suggestions for translators for the Croce work. Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.147; Dreisbach 5.37. Clar21  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 10 January 1928 Location: as above Reference: 814244 Subject matter: a large number of matters are raised – testimonials; proofs of Croce’s History; blocks for Roman Inscriptions; Collingwood’s contribution to an Exhibition of the archaeology of the Roman Empire in Rome at Easter; illustrations for the Report on Roman London. Publication: unpublished Clar22  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 15 January 1928 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: further comments on the matters raised in the previous letter. Publication: unpublished Clar23  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (ALPN) Date: 25 March 1928 Location: as above Reference: P6345/DBP2874 Subject matter: proposals for a small book on the coinage of the Roman Empire and a series of handbooks on ancient art. Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.148; Dreisbach 5.21. Clar24  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 9 May 1928

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Location: as above Reference: 814244 Subject matter: subsidy for the production costs of Roman Inscriptions. Publication: unpublished Clar25  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (RWC) Date: 20 May 1928 Location: as above Reference: PP171 Subject matter: Collingwood’s travel plans prevent him from accepting Chapman’s invitation. Publication: unpublished Clar26  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 23 May 1928 Location: as above Reference: 814244 Subject matter: further discussion of subsidies [see Cla24] Publication: unpublished Clar27  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 13 June 1928 Location: as above Reference: PP171 Subject matter: Collingwood’s acceptance of the appointment as a Delegate of the University Press. Publication: unpublished Clar28  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (RWC) Date: 14 June 1928 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood responds further on his appointment as a Delegate. Publication: unpublished Clar29  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 5 September 1928 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood informs Sisam of his move from Stapleton’s Chantry to 15 Belbroughton Road, Oxford, to take place on 18 September. Publication: unpublished Clar30  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (ALPN) Date: 1 March 1929

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Location: as above Reference: LB6540 Subject matter: concerns manuscript changes to I. A. Richmond, The City Wall of Imperial Rome. Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.149; Dreisbach 5.27. Clar31  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (ALPN) Date: 5 April 1929 Location: as above Reference: LB6759 Subject matter: comments on A. Lion, Idealistic Conception of Religion. Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.150; Dreisbach 5.24. Clar32  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (RWC) Date: 18 June 1929 Location: as above Reference: General File 821700 Subject matter: social matters. Publication: unpublished Clar33  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 5 June 1930 Location: as above Reference: PB/ED/001527 Subject matter: comments on E. F. Carritt, Philosophies of Beauty – Collingwood writes, ‘the selection is excellent and the translations beautifully done’. Publication: unpublished Clar34  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (RWC) Date: 11 July 1930 Location: as above Reference: LB6583 Subject matter: concerns H. W. B. Joseph, Some Problems in Ethics; Collingwood writes, ‘it will be a very valuable contribution to the subject’. Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.151; Dreisbach 5.7. Clar35  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (ALPN) Date: 14 July 1930 Location: as above Reference: LB6623 Subject matter: comments on G. Milne, Greek Coinage. Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.152; Dreisbach 5.25. Clar36  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 8 January 1931

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Location: as above Reference: PB/ED/006472 Subject matter: Collingwood refers to his preparation of material for a new edition of his work on Roman Britain. Publication: unpublished Clar36 (a)  To: Clarendon Press Oxford (RWC) Date: 25 August 1932 Location: As above Reference: OUP University Chest Liability file 3 Subject matter: Relations between the Press and the University, the running of the press and its future. Publication: cited and discussed by William Whyte, ‘Oxford University Press 1896– 1945’ in Wm Roger Louis (editor), The History of Oxford University Press, Volume III, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2013, pp81ff, especially p85fn154 (a) = added after original listing Clar37  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (RWC) Date: 9 March 1933 Location: as above Reference: PB/ED/001547 Subject matter: Collingwood offers An Essay on Philosophical Method to the Press, although its working title was ‘What Philosophy Is’. Collingwood writes of it: ‘it is in fact my first, genuine, technical, philosophical work. I have written it in a much chaster and less exuberant style than Speculum Mentis, which was an introduction to a philosophy: here the philosophy itself is beginning to take shape, and the style aims at elegance and economy’; abstract of contents enclosed. Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.153; Dreisbach 5.6. Clar38  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford Hogarth, W D. (hereafter WDH) (6) Date: 2 May 1933 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood mentions a recent illness, but says ‘I have practically finished the book that the Delegates discussed on Friday – if they accepted it!’ Suggests An Essay on Philosophical Method as its title. Publication: unpublished; Taylor, 1.153; Dreisbach 5.14. (6) Hogarth, W D., 1880–1965. Assistant Secretary to the Delegates of Oxford University Press 1924–35; later Secretary to the Athlone Press, University of London. Clar39  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (WDH) Date: 21 September 1933 (date received stamp) Location: as above Reference: PB/ED/002054 Subject matter: contains a lengthy (10 pp.) reader’s report on M. B. Foster, The Political Philosophies of Plato and Hegel; Collingwood writes, ‘the breadth and boldness of the

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treatment, and the firmly historical point of view towards which the work is orientated, are very satisfactory and give me great pleasure’. Publication: unpublished Clar40  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (WDH) Date: 4 October 1933 Location: as above Reference: PB/ED/001547 Subject matter: printing of the title of An Essay on Philosophical Method. Publication: unpublished Clar41  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (RWC) Date: 5 October 1933 Location: as above Reference: P10.603 Subject matter: Collingwood expresses his support for a work by Isobel Henderson on Roman Spain. Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.154; Dreisbach 5.8. Clar42  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (WDH) Date: 28 February 1934 Location: as above Reference: LB7326 Subject matter: Collingwood encloses his report on Oliver Davies, Roman Mines in Europe; he writes, ‘I can’t speak in person on Friday because I was knocked off my bicycle in the snow and dark last night and rather bashed about, and here I am flat on my back for some time to come.’ Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.155; Dreisbach 5. Clar43  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (RWC) Date: 1 March 1934 Location: as above Reference: LB7296 Subject matter: Collingwood expresses his support for Charles Henderson, Essays in Cornish History [letter written by an amanuensis, see letter Clar42]. Publication: unpublished Clar44  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (WDH) Date: 22 March 1934 Location: as above Reference: LB7326 Subject matter: further discussion of Davies, Roman Mines in Europe; Collingwood writes, ‘I am sorry to have been so long answering. A broken arm and an intermittent secretary have delayed my correspondence – the arm is now mended!’ Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.155; Dreisbach 5.13.

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Clar45  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (WDH) Date: 10 April 1934 Location: as above Reference: LB7257 Subject matter: Collingwood’s letter accompanies his reader’s report [2 pp.] on E. F. Carritt, Modern Political Theories; Collingwood writes that he finds Carritt’s book ‘an unsympathetic and purely destructive criticism of one theory after another, with his own theory on the subject just indicated in outline but not worked out critically . . . it offends all my feelings about how philosophical books ought to be written’; reference to his own ill-­health. Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.156; Dreisbach 5.12. Clar46  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 9 October 1934 Location: as above Reference: LB7274 Subject matter: Collingwood’s comments on J. S. Haldane, The Philosophy of a Biologist. Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.157; Dreisbach 5.39. Clar47  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (RWC) Date: 6 June 1935 Location: as above Reference: LB7562 Subject matter: concerns L. Strauss, The Political Philosophy of Hobbes. Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.161; Dreisbach 5.9. Clar48  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 13 October 1935 Location: as above Reference: LB7393 Subject matter: returns the proofs of his Inaugural Lecture, The Historical Imagination. Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.162; Dreisbach 5.40. Clar49  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 18 October 1935 Location: as above Reference: LB7478 (original letter filed in 4144) Subject matter: Collingwood agrees to the Press sending C. C. J. Webb his report on D. M. Eastwood, The Revival of Pascal [3 pp. report enclosed]. Publication: unpublished Clar50  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 15 February 1936 Location: as above Reference: LB7579

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Subject matter: contains Collingwood’s comments [2 pp.] on J. W. Gough, The Social Contract; on one of Gough’s historical claims Collingwood writes, ‘I don’t much care for the statement (p.296 note  5) that Green’s main affiliations are with the idealist school of Hegel and Bosanquet. He was dead long before Bosanquet wrote on politics, and his relation to Hegel is hardly one of affiliation. His political thought is surely characteristic of Victorian Liberalism in its later and less individualistic phase.’ Publication: unpublished Clar51  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 15 February 1936 Location: as above Reference: LB7559 Subject matter: contains Collingwood’s comments on W. F. R. Hardie, A Study in Plato. Publication: unpublished Clar52  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (ALPN) Date: 19 March 1936 Location: as above Reference: LB7727–7736 Subject matter: Collingwood’s comments on Carter and Mears, School History of England. Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.165; Dreisbach 5.22. Clar53  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (ALPN) Date: undated Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: further comments on Carter and Mears. Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.165; Dreisbach 5.22. Clar54  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (RWC) Date: 14 January 1937 Location: as above Reference: ODME/8/188 Subject matter: critical comments on the entry on ‘God’ for the proposed ‘Oxford Dictionary of Modern English’. Publication: unpublished Clar55  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 5 May 1937 Location: as above Reference: PE/ ED/008081 Subject matter: Collingwood says that he is working on the philosophy of art – ‘a quite new book on the subject, going more into fundamentals’. Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.168.

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Clar56  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 14 May 1937 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: outline and summary of The Principles of Art [to which Collingwood gave the provisional title ‘Principles of Aesthetic’]; he writes ‘I hope to finish the book during the Long Vacation’. Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.168. Clar57  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 2 June 1937 Location: as above Reference: PE/OD/005759 Subject matter: comments and brief critical notes on J. M. F. May, Coinage of Damastion. Publication: unpublished Clar58  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 3 June 1937 Location: as above Reference: LB7855 Subject matter: Collingwood expresses support for K. T. Parker, Catalogue of the Collection of Drawings in the Ashmolean Museum. Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.169; Dreisbach 5.41. Clar59  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford, Mulgan, J. (hereafter JM) (7) Date: 8 June 1937 Location: as above Reference: PB/ED/012882 Subject matter: supplies references for the article on Romano-Celtic temples in Sir Paul Harvey, Companion to Classical Literature. Publication: unpublished (7) Mulgan, John, 1911–45. Entered the Clarendon Press in 1935; joined the Oxford and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry in 1938; also served with the Royal West Kent Regiment; for further information see his Report on Experience, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1947; Mulgan [along with Sisam] were both sent presentation copies of Collingwood’s The New Leviathan. Clar60  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (JM) Date: 17 June 1937 (date received stamp) Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: provision of tables of weights and measures for the Companion [see previous letter]. Publication: unpublished

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Clar61  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (RWC) Date: 1 September 1937 Location: as above Reference: Packet No. 277(1) Publishing General Policy, 1932–1956 Subject matter: discussion of the place of grants and subsidies in publishing. Publication: unpublished Clar62  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 2 October 1937 Location: as above Reference: LB7722 Subject matter: discussion of a grant for C. H. V Sutherland’s Currency in Roman Britain. Publication: unpublished Clar63  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (RWC) Date: 20 November 1937 Location: as above Reference: LB789O Subject matter: agrees to consider W. H. V Reade, The Problem of Inference. Publication: unpublished Clar64  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (RWC) Date: 1 December 1937 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: of Reade’s book [see previous letter] Collingwood writes, ‘sound and shrewd exegesis and application of Aristotle, not without excellent criticism of the same: but not by any means Rip van Winklish. Quite alert to the existence of a new school of logical thought, and salutarily critical of it.’ Publication: unpublished Clar65  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford Date: 27 December 1937 Location: as above Reference: P12359 Subject matter: comments on Sir Aurel Stein, Personal Narrative of 1935–1936 Archaeological Expedition in S. W. Persia. Publication: unpublished Clar66  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 2 January 1938 Location: as above Reference: 869101

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Subject matter: Collingwood declines the post of editor of the art and archaeology section of the proposed Oxford Classical Dictionary. Publication: unpublished Clar67  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 6 January 1938 Location: as above Reference: LB8266 Subject matter: Collingwood comments in detail on, and expresses enthusiasm for C. N. Cochrane, Christianity and Classical Culture; he writes ‘this is a very remarkable piece of work. I don’t think anyone has tried, previously, to write a history of the change by which the pagan society of the time of Augustus turned into the Christian society of the time of Augustine, treating that change both as a change in the outward structure of society and as a corresponding change in the philosophical ideas which underlie (as an idealist would say) or reflect (as a Marxist would say) that structure. To my mind it is very important both for political and for philosophical history that they should be thus written simultaneously and by the same hand . . .’ Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.171; Dreisbach 5.36. Clar68  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 8 February 1938 Location: as above Reference: OUP Packet File No. 141 (i) Subject matter: Collingwood refers to the stroke he has suffered and talks about its likely effect on his work; he writes, ‘On Saturday morning last I had a very slight stroke. I propose to make a rapid and satisfactory recovery, but granted that I do so I shall have to arrange matters rather differently in the future. My output of work will be very much smaller and I expect that it will be confined to what I consider to be the most immediately urgent philosophical problems. The result should be a series of books more like “Principles of Art” than anything else I have written. However complete my recovery I have the gravest doubts about my ability to finish the Inscriptions’; Collingwood then considers those who might act as his replacement. Publication: unpublished Clar69  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (ALPN) Date: 8 March 1938 Location: as above Reference: PB/ED.OO8081 Subject matter: Collingwood explains the unusually large number of proof changes to Principles of Art as due to a stroke which forced him to send an ‘imperfectly revised manuscript’ to the Press. Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.168; Dreisbach 5.26. Clar70  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (RWC) Date: 19 May 1938

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Location: as above Reference: OUP/C/3/6/12 Subject matter: Collingwood writes, ‘I have applied under doctors’ orders for a year’s sick leave as from the beginning of the current term. If and when I get back to work, I shall have to do very much less (by the same orders) than in the past. I propose to drop all archaeology and to become a rather idle philosopher.’ Collingwood then offers his resignation as a Delegate of the Press [in the hope that Collingwood would make a full recovery the Press did not immediately accept his offer]. Publication: unpublished Clar71  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (RWC) Date: 14 November 1938 Location: as above Reference: PB/ED/001626 Subject matter: In the course of his voyage to Java and the Malay Archipelago Collingwood writes to offer An Essay on Metaphysics [originally called in this letter, Introduction to Metaphysics], to the Press; he writes, ‘I have been for a long time contemplating a short book which should explain to the public what Metaphysics is, what it is for, how it works, and why the various people who clamour for its abolition ought not to be listened to.’ Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.172; Dreisbach 5.5. Clar72  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 22 March 1939 Location: as above Reference: LB8083 Subject matter: Collingwood thanks Sisam for sending the proofs of his An Autobiography; writing during the return leg of his voyage to Java Collingwood says of this book, ‘People certainly won’t take the book in the spirit in which it is written, and a lot of them will be very angry. I wrote it because I was told that I was dying, and thought it time a few home truths began sitting on my lips . . .’; in this letter Collingwood also writes of his unpublished manuscripts – ‘If anybody is a party to publishing in my name, after my death, anything I have not expressly written and passed for publication, I will haunt him with the utmost rigour of the law.’ Publication: unpublished; cited and discussed in Peter Johnson, ‘Intention and Meaning in Collingwood’s Autobiography’, Collingwood Studies, Vol. 2, 1995, pp.12–42, p.40 fn22; Taylor 1.173; Dreisbach 5.34. Clar73  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (RWC) Date: 13 April 1939 Location: as above Reference: 814244 Subject matter: Collingwood writes ‘I have given away most of my archaeological library, intending to devote my more serious hours henceforth to philosophy’ [in a note in File 814244 dated 12 April 1939 Sisam records that Collingwood ‘proposed to devote

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himself to a work on the Principles of History, which would be the second volume to his Principles of Art’]; further discussion of Collingwood’s replacement in completing the work on Roman Inscriptions. Publication: unpublished Clar74  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (RWC) Date: 21 April 1939 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: discussion of the terms governing the appointment of Collingwood’s successor, R. P Wright, in completing the work on Roman Inscriptions. Publication: unpublished Clar75  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 3 June 1939 Location: as above Reference: PB/ED/001626 Subject matter: completion of revisions to An Essay on Metaphysics; reference to the place of this work in Collingwood’s writings. He distinguishes between Essays and Principles – An Essay on Metaphysics to be paired with the Essay on Philosophical Method, The Principles of Art with The Principles of History. The Principles of History has been found and published by Oxford University Press, edited by William H. Dray and Jan van der Dussen, Oxford, 1999. Publication: unpublished; cited and discussed in David Boucher, ‘The Life, Times and Legacy of R. G. Collingwood’ in David Boucher, James Connelly and Tariq Modood (eds.), Philosophy History and Civilization, Interdisciplinary Perspectives on R. G. Collingwood, University of Wales Press, Cardiff 1995, pp.11–12, and in greater depth in James Connelly, Metaphysics, Method and Politics, The Political Philosophy of R. G. Collingwood, Imprint Academic, Exeter, 2003; Taylor 1.172; Dreisbach 5.38. Clar76  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 6 June 1939 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood reports that An Essay on Metaphysics was finished in April; he promises to deliver the manuscript at the end of the week. Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.172; Dreisbach 5.38. Clar77  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 14 June 1939 Location: as above Reference: PE/ED/001461 Subject matter: an extract from a letter – Collingwood writes that he is reading G. R. G. Mure, An Introduction to Hegel for the Press. Publication: unpublished

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Clar78  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 16 June 1939 Location: as above Reference: LB8266 Subject matter: Collingwood comments approvingly on C. N. Cochrane, Christianity and Classical Culture [see letter Clar67], and G. R. G. Mure, An Introduction to Hegel (see previous letter); of Cochrane’s book Collingwood writes, ‘he has written the most important and remarkable book we have published since I have been a delegate, and for I won’t try to say how long before that’; of Mure’s book Collingwood writes, ‘The book is a very fine one. It represents a tradition of philosophical writing which I had thought extinct in England: the tradition of the great masters.’ Publication: unpublished Clar79  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 19 October 1939 Location: as above Reference: PB/ED/001626 Subject matter: Collingwood clarifies his intentions regarding the series he refers to in letter Clar75 – Philosophical Essays is to consist of the Essay on Philosophical Method and An Essay on Metaphysics; Philosophical Principles of The Principles of Art and The Principles of History; Studies in the History of Ideas of The Idea of History and The Idea of Nature; discussion of the printing and bibliographical problems arising from this proposal. Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.172. Clar80  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 9 November 1939 Location: as above Reference: P12101 Subject matter: Collingwood amplifies comments on J. S. Mitchell, An Essay on the Nature of Beauty and the Arts made in a note to Sisam dated 6.10.39; lengthy discussion of the origin of a reference to Mozart’s Briefe – in Royce or Bosanquet; [Collingwood’s notes on Mitchell’s manuscript appended]. Publication: unpublished Clar81  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 17 November 1939 Location: as above Reference: LB8865 Subject matter: an extract from a letter in which Collingwood refers to T D. Weldon’s Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason – ‘tackles the subject in the one and only right way, i.e. as an historical subject’. Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.176; Dreisbach 5.2. Clar82  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 11 March 1940

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Location: as above Reference: PB/ED/001460 Subject matter: Collingwood writes in support of H. H. Price, Hume’s Theory of the External World, which Price had offered to the Press; as regards his own writing Collingwood remarks, ‘I have left Oxford for a few weeks (the postmark will show that I am in London) to work at The New Leviathan of which I told you. I have now written about 36,000 words of more or less revised and final text.’ Publication: unpublished Clar83  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 5 June 1940 Location: as above Reference: LB8421 Subject matter: Collingwood’s comments on A. J. Carlyle, History of the Theory of Political Liberty. Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.177; Dreisbach 5.35. Clar84  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 15 November 1940 (date received stamp) Location: as above Reference: PE/ED/001530 Subject matter: Collingwood writes on M. H. Carré, Realists and Nominalists which had been offered to the Press. Publication: unpublished Clar85  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 27 November 1940 (date received stamp) Location: as above Reference: CP/ED/000874 Subject matter: comments on Sir George Macdonald, Archaeology of Scotland. Publication: unpublished Clar86  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 16 January 1941 (date received stamp) Location: as above Reference: PB/ED/001495 Subject matter: Collingwood encloses his reader’s report [5 pp.] on A. H. Smith, An Essay in the Theory of Knowledge – an extensive discussion of philosophical books and the nature of philosophical writing. Publication: unpublished Clar87  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 2 March 1941 Location: as above Reference: OUP/C//3/6/1 2

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Subject matter: Collingwood refers to a stroke suffered at the end of January, says that he has resigned his Chair and expresses his determination to continue to be known to the Press as an author, although not as a Delegate; intends to ‘leave Oxford entirely’. Publication: unpublished Clar88  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 11 June 1941 Location: as above Reference: PB/ED/001549 Subject matter: personal matters; proposes The New Leviathan, Parts I and II complete, Part III in first draft, Part IV not yet written. Publication: unpublished Clar89  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 17 June 1941 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood confirms that he has resigned his Delegacy [this was accepted ‘with deep regret’ by the Press on 18.10.1941; Collingwood had served as a Delegate since 13.6.1928]; asks for practical advice about the publishing and printing of The New Leviathan. Publication: unpublished Clar90  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 26 July 1941 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: discussion of printing costs and the terms for The New Leviathan. Publication: unpublished Clar91  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 6 August 1941 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: details of the composition of The New Leviathan; Collingwood writes that Part IV was written after his last stroke and so will contain ‘any signs of battiness in the whole work’; discussion of the legal basis for the distinction between temporary and permanent communities. Publication: unpublished Clar92  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 7 August 1941 Location: as above Reference: as above

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Subject matter: discussion of Sisam’s response to the previous letter. Publication: unpublished Clar93  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 13 August 1941 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: further discussion of the distinction referred to in the previous two letters. Publication: unpublished Clar94  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (The Secretary) Date: 19 September 1941 Location: as above Reference: PB/ED/001626 Subject matter: financial matters. Publication: unpublished Clar95  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 15 February 1942 Location: as above Reference: PB/ED/001549 Subject matter: discussion of the royalties and a query about the Preface to The New Leviathan. Publication: unpublished Clar96  To: Clarendon Press, Oxford (KS) Date: 2 June 1942 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood thanks Sisam for an advance copy of The New Leviathan, informs him that he has remarried and has ‘a charming daughter’ – ‘we are going to live in my father’s old house at Coniston.’ Publication: unpublished CLARK, GEORGE NORMAN Cla1  To: Clark, G. N. (1) Date: 18 March 1936 Location: Bodleian Library, Oxford Reference: MS. Facs.c.148, Fol.63 Subject matter: together with J. N. L. Myres, Collingwood wrote Roman Britain and the English Settlements, the first volume in the Oxford History of England which G. N. Clark edited. This letter concerns Collingwood’s revisions to the final pages of his manuscript – the section which discusses the role of Arthur in Celtic legend and history. Collingwood refers to Myres’ disagreement and emphasises the point he makes

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in the Preface to the volume that each is responsible for his own contribution. Collingwood asks Clark for his opinion of his revisions and their change of tone. Publication: unpublished; for discussion of the publication and reception of Roman Britain and the English Settlements, see V248–50. (1) Clark, G. N., 1880–1979. Chichele Professor of Economic History at the University of Oxford, 1931–8; Editor of The Oxford History of England 1934–65; among his many historical works is The Seventeenth Century, London, 1929. CLIFFORD, ELSIE M. Cli1  To: Clifford, E. (1) Date: 29 June 1936 Location: Bodleian Library, Oxford Reference: MS. Eng.c.7284, fol. 26 Subject matter: response to an article on the interpretation of Roman inscriptions. Publication: unpublished (1) Clifford, E. M., 1885–1976. Archaeologist; see the Obituary in Transactions of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society, Vol. XCV, 1977, pp.121–2; for an example of her work, see E. M. Clifford, ‘Stamped Tiles Found in Gloucestershire’, Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 45, 1955, pp.68–72. There is a Clifford collection of Roman artefacts in Cheltenham Museum. COLLINGWOOD, BARBARA CRYSTAL ColBC1  To: Collingwood, B. C. (1) Date: 24 December 1897 Location: Collingwood Society, Collingwood and British Idealism Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff Reference:— Subject matter: a Christmas letter to his sister, illustrated. Publication: unpublished (1) Collingwood, B., 1887–1961. Barbara Crystal Collingwood was R. G. Collingwood’s sister and a sculptor. In 1925 she married the aeronautical engineer, Oscar Gnosspelius, who was a contributor to a new edition of W G. Collingwood, The Lake Counties, Warne, London, 1932, pp.260–3. He contributed the short essay on ‘Motor-Boating’. ColBC2  To: Collingwood, B. C. Date: 1 May 1909 Location: Teresa Smith Archive (TSA) Reference: (TS/FLTR 0250) Subject matter: Oxford lectures and Collingwood’s academic progress. Publication: AAOW 219 ColBC3  To: Collingwood, B. C. Date: 8 May 1909 Location: TSA

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Reference:— Subject matter: Late night discussions about philosophy, metaphysics and religion with fellow undergraduates. Publication: AAOW 218 ColBC4  To: Collingwood, B. C. Date: 19 February 1911 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0327) Subject matter: Collingwood tells his sister about his academic progress and about how much work he still has to do. Publication: AAOW 221 ColBC5  To: Collingwood, B. C. Date: 22 February 1911 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0330) Subject matter: Close friendship with the Carritt family. Publication: AAOW 221 ColBC6  To: Collingwood, B. C. Date: 12 November 1912 Location: TSA Reference:— Subject matter: Work on the philosophy of religion, particularly on Hegel; criticisms of William James. Publication: AAOW 225 ColBC7  To: Collingwood, B. C. Date: 3 July 1913 Location: Collingwood Society, as above. Reference:— Subject matter: postcard from Switzerland, walking from Chamonix. Publication: unpublished ColBC8  To: Collingwood, B. C. Date: 28 May 1920 Location: Collingwood Society, as above. Reference:— Subject matter: preparations for an Oxford tea party; attends the Romanes Lecture by Dean Inge [this was the lecture ‘The Idea of Progress’ given by Inge at the Sheldonian Theatre, Oxford on 27 May 1920, later published by the Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1920, and reprinted in W. R. Inge, More Lay Thoughts of a Dean, Putnam, London, 1931]. Publication: unpublished

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ColBC9  To: Collingwood, B. C. Date: 29 March 1935 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0753) Subject matter: Thoughts on academic attainment and marks of academic success. Publication: AAOW 239 ColBC10  To: Collingwood, B. C. Date: 26 April 1934 Location: Collingwood Society, as above. Reference:— Subject matter: Lengthy discussion of John Ruskin’s sexuality and questions relating to it, including his divorce from Effie and other matters. R. G. Collingwood’s father, W. G. Collingwood steered well clear of this subject in his biography of Ruskin (The Life and Work of John Ruskin, Two Volumes, Methuen, London, 1893), although it is clear from this letter and from other sources that he had his own opinions on it. In recent years much time and effort has been spent on examining the evidence and many publications exist which talk about the subject in great detail. For an overview, see Tim Hilton, John Ruskin, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, One Volume edition, 2002. Publication: unpublished ColBC11  To: Collingwood, B. C. Date: 1 April 1937 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR0773) Subject matter: Medical advice and plans for the future. Publication: AAOW xxvii ColBC12  To: Collingwood, B. C. Date: 15 April 1937 (postmark) Location: Collingwood Society, as above. Reference:— Subject matter: postcard from Catalonia, on the frontier between France and Spain. Publication: unpublished ColBC13  To: Collingwood, B. C. Date: 6 February 1938 Location: TSA Reference:— Subject matter: medical matters, expectation of a stroke. Publication: AAOW xxix ColBC14  To: Collingwood, B. C. Date: 23 May 1938 (postmark)

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Location: Collingwood Society, as above. Reference:— Subject matter: postcard from Oxford – Collingwood writes ‘I join my ship tomorrow at Brentford (sail) on Tuesday at 11.50 am (high tide) . . . on Tu. night I shall sleep at anchor somewhere in the Thames… through the Downs into the Channel’; see Collingwood’s letters to Hopkinson 5 May and 9 May 1939, [Hop2 and Hop3] for accounts of this voyage. Publication: unpublished ColBC15  To: Collingwood, B. C. Date: 5 September 1938 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0833) Subject matter: medical matters; after effects of his last stroke. Publication: AAOW xxx ColBC16  To: Collingwood, B. C. Date: 9 September 1938 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0834) Subject matter: Medical matters; Collingwood tells his sister of his doctor’s hopeful prognosis, plans for work during his voyage to Java. Publication: AAOW xxx, 503 ColBC17  To: Collingwood, B. C. Date: 10 November 1938 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0840) Subject matter: written during Collingwood’s voyage to Java from the middle of the Indian Ocean; progress in his writing under the shade of a canopy which the Captain had rigged up on the bridge. Publication: AAOW 506–7 ColBC18  To: Collingwood, B. C. Date: 26 November 1938 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0842) Subject matter: the sophistication of Balinese dance and art. Publication: AAOW 515 ColBC19  To: Collingwood, B.C. Date: 23 December 1938 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0844)

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Subject matter: Collingwood tells his sister of his impressions and experiences while on the cruise around the eastern islands. Publication: AAOW 515 ColBC20  To: Collingwood, B. C. Date: 5 February 1939 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0847) Subject matter: Collingwood speaking Malay, and gives his sister further detailed description of his experiences on the islands. Publication: AAOW 524–5, 530–3 ColBC21  To: Collingwood, B. C. Date: 2 March 1939 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0849) Subject matter: work on Principles of History set aside to revise the proofs of An Autobiography. Publication: AAOW 541 ColBC22  To: Collingwood, B. C. Date: 26 May (no year) Location: TSA Reference:— Subject matter: family matters, growing old, Greek sculptors, purchase of a piano. Publication: unpublished ColBC23  To: Collingwood, B. C. Date: 2 July 1940 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0860) Subject matter: help for refugees in Oxford, the pressures of which led to another stroke. Publication: AAOW xxxiv ColBC24  To: Collingwood, B. C. Date: undated, 1941 Location: Collingwood Society, as above. Reference:— Subject matter: sister’s proposed visit, meeting at Streatley. Publication: unpublished COLLINGWOOD, C. (Charlie) ColC1  To: Collingwood, C. (1) Date: 19 September 1938

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Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0835) Subject matter: medical matters; looking forward to his trip to the Dutch East Indies. Publication: AAOW xxxi (1) Collingwood, C. (Charlie), Collingwood’s cousin. COLLINGWOOD, DORA ColD1  To: Collingwood, D. (1) Date: undated, but 1898/9 Location: Collingwood Society, as above. Reference:— Subject matter: to his sister, Dora; visit of William Canton; building of HMS Cockatrix (one foot long). [There was a second sailing ship in this fleet, HMS Box-­a-trix] Publication: unpublished (1) Collingwood, D., 1886–1964. Dorothy Susie (‘Dora’) Collingwood was R. G. Collingwood’s elder sister, and a painter. She married Collingwood’s friend from Rugby, Ernest Altounyan, a surgeon and poet (and author of Ornament of Honour, Cambridge, 1937), in September 1915; for a description of family life and history, see Taqui Altounyan, In Aleppo Once, John Murray, London 1969 [later privately published with many new illustrations and with a postscript by Jill Gouldner and Alan Hakim in 2001 for subscribers by Amazon Publications], and her Chimes from a Wooden Bell, A Memoir, I. B. Tauris, London, 1990 [Jeremy Collingwood, A Lakeland Saga, The Story of the Collingwood and Altounyan Family in Coniston and Aleppo, Sigma Press, Ammanford, 2012 is also valuable]. ColD2  To: Collingwood, D. Date: Autumn 1907 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0536) Subject matter: school debates at Rugby; early political opinions. Publication: AAOW xxxiv, 182–3 ColD3  To: Collingwood, D. Date: 7 November 1909 Location: TSA Reference:— Subject matter: impressions of the Bishop of Birmingham, Charles Gore. Publication: AAOW 221–2 ColD4  To: Collingwood, D.S. Date: 3 February 1911 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0323) Subject matter: early involvement with archaeology at Oxford. Publication: AAOW 220–1

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ColD5  To: Collingwood, D (Altounyan) Date: 19 March 1918 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0529) Subject matter: friendship with Angus Graham; first meeting with Angus’s sister, Ethel. Publication: AAOW 228 COLLINGWOOD, EDITH MARY DOROTHY ColEM1  To: Collingwood, E. M. D. (1) Date: April 1903 Location: TSA Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood describes his walks with his father and notes him sketching, engaged in local history and archaeology. Publication: AAOW 201–2 (1) Collingwood, E. M. D., 1857–1928. Edith Mary Dorothy Collingwood [known as ‘Dorrie’] was R. G. Collingwood’s mother. She married W. G. Collingwood in 1883, Robin being the third of the four children of the marriage. Edith Collingwood was a noted water-­colour artist, see the Catalogue of Works by W. G. Collingwood and Mrs E. M. D. Collingwood, Abbot Hall Art Gallery, Kendal, 1971. ColEM2  To: Collingwood, E. M. D. Date: 19 November 1905 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0113) Subject matter: Publication: unpublished ColEM3  To: Collingwood, E. M. D. Date: 20 February 1906 Location: TSA Reference:— Subject matter: from Rugby school to his mother; arrangements for their meeting and Half-Term. Publication: unpublished ColEM4  To: Collingwood, E. M. D. Date: 6 December, no year Location: TSA Reference:— Subject matter: from Cuddesdon College to his mother. Publication: unpublished ColEM5  To: Collingwood, E. M. D. Date: Summer 1906

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Location: TSA Reference:— Subject matter: summer walks at the end of his third year at Rugby. Publication: AAOW 200 ColEM6  To: Collingwood, E. M. D. Date: March 1909 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0235) Subject matter: Collingwood’s description of his first Oxford Spring. Publication: AAOW 215 ColEM7  To: Collingwood, E.M.D. Date: 12 February 1911 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR0326) Subject matter: academic work, life in Oxford. Publication: AAOW 221 ColEM8  To: Collingwood, E. M. D. Date: 12 May 1909 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0250) Subject matter: academic experiences at Oxford; admiration for his tutor, E. F. Carritt. Publication: AAOW 219 ColEM9  To: Collingwood, E. M. D. Date: 20 March 1911 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0383) Subject matter: Collingwood’s reaction to sermons by Gore and by Temple. Publication: AAOW 222 ColEM10  To: Collingwood, E. M. D. Date: 28 August 1916 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0515) Subject matter: Collingwood’s love of music; writing it and attending concerts. Publication: AAOW 227 ColEM11  To: Collingwood, E. M. D. Date: 28 July 1917 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0523) Subject matter: activities in London, not enough time for music. Publication: AAOW 227

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COLLINGWOOD, RUTH ColR1  To: Collingwood, R. (1) Date: 22 November 1938 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0841) Subject matter: first responses on arrival in Batavia, learning the language. Publication: AAOW 509–10 (1) Ursula Ruth Collingwood, 1921–43, was Collingwood’s daughter. ColR2  To: Collingwood, R. Date: 14 December 1938 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/PLTR 191) Subject matter: resemblances between different types of folk music. Publication: AAOW 518–19 ColR3  To: Collingwood, R. Date: 15 January 1939 Location: TSA Subject matter: reference to the Imhoff branch of Collingwood’s family history; meetings with Dutch settlers. Reference: (TS/FLTR 0846) Publication: AAOW 523–4, 526, 527–8 ColR4  To: Collingwood, R. Date: 30 November 1939 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0858) Subject matter: criticism of gap between rich and poor. Publication: AAOW xxxv COLLINGWOOD, ETHEL WINIFRED ColEW1  To: Collingwood, E. W. (1) Date: 2 February 1932 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/PLR 108) Subject matter: Collingwood’s observations on the rise of Fascism during his visit to Spain. Publication: AAOW 384 (1) Ethel Winifred Collingwood, 1885–1973, was Collingwood’s first wife, married 22 June 1918. ColEW2  To: Collingwood, E. W. Date: 29 October 1938 (posted 17 November 1938) Location: TSA

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Reference: (TS/PLTR 185) Subject matter: while on voyage to the Dutch East Indies; details of the burial at sea of a fellow passenger, Charles Lynam. Publication: AAOW 505–6 ColEW3  To: Collingwood, E. W. Date: 20 November 1938 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/PLTR 186) Subject matter: arrival in Batavia; details of friends and contacts there. Publication: AAOW 510 ColEW4  To: Collingwood, E. W. Date: 21 November 1938 (letter continues on 23 November 1938) Location: TSA Reference: (TS/PLTR 187) Subject matter: introduction to Dutch friends, visits to Chinese temples. Publication: AAOW 510–11 ColEW5  To: Collingwood, E. W. Date: 26 November 1938 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/PLTR 188) Subject matter: descriptions of old Batavia; news from Chamberlain’s England via The Times depresses him. Publication: AAOW 511–12 ColEW6  To: Collingwood, E. W. Date: 31 November 1938 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/PLTR 189) Subject matter: Collingwood’s reflections on the relations between Indonesian and European cultures Publication: AAOW 522 ColEW7  To: Collingwood, E. W. Date: 8 December 1938 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/PLTR 190) Subject matter: witnesses the Monkey Dance performed in an Indonesian village. Publication: AAOW 516 ColEW8  To: Collingwood, E. W. Date: 14 December 1938 Location: TSA

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Reference: (TS/PLTR 191) Subject matter: Collingwood’s thoughts on music, folk tales, arts, drama and civilisation; relations between Indonesian and European civilisation. Publication: AAOW 518–19 ColEW9  To: Collingwood, E. W. Date: 22 December 1938 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/PLTR 192) Subject matter: description of a visit to a nightclub; Balinese dancing. Publication: AAOW 519 ColEW10  To: Collingwood, E. W. Date: 31 December 1938 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/PLTR 193) Subject matter: political discussions over the possibility of defeating Nazism. Publication: AAOW 546 ColEW11  To: Collingwood, E. W. Date: 24 January 1939 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/PLTR 194) Subject matter: Collingwood’s research on local burial customs. Publication: AAOW 528–9 ColEW12  To: Collingwood, E. W. Date: 27 January 1939 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/PLTR 194) Subject matter: standing up to Hitler; help for Jewish refugees from Fascism. Publication: AAOW 546 ColEW13  To: Collingwood, E. W. Date: 4/5/8 February 1939 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/PLTR 195) Subject matter: the reception at the Clarendon Press of the manuscript of Collingwood’s Autobiography; problems over the final chapter. Publication: AAOW 536 ColEW14  To: Collingwood, E. W. Date: 18 February 1939 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/PLTR 196)

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Subject matter: begins writing ‘The Principles of History’; reflections on whether he could have become a novelist; meetings with fellow Europeans. Publication: AAOW 537–8 ColEW15  To: Collingwood, E. W. Date: 22 February 1939 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/PLTR 197) Subject matter: written during a train journey across Java and includes a poem which came to him while he was travelling (the poem entitled ‘Java Express Limited’ and signed and dated 21.2.39 was published for the first time in AAOW 542–3). Publication: AAOW 542 ColEW16  To: Collingwood, E. W. Date: 1 March 1939 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/PLTR 198) Subject matter: remarks on metaphysics; relevance of Agatha Christie’s novel Murder in Mesopotamia to his own view of historical investigations. Publication: AAOW 540–1 ColEW17  To: Collingwood, E. W. Date: 23 March 1939 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/PLTR 200) Subject matter: German invasion of Czechoslovakia and the feebleness of Chamberlain’s response. Publication: AAOW 545 COLLINGWOOD, URSULA ColU1  To: Collingwood, U (1) Date: April 1903 Location: TSA Reference:— Subject matter: early experience of excavations in the Lake District. Publication: AAOW 201–2 (1) Ursula Mavis Collingwood, 1891–1962, was Collingwood’s sister. ColU2  To: Collingwood, U. Date: October 1905 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR0099) Subject matter: appreciation of church architecture. Publication: AAOW 217

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ColU3  To: Collingwood, U. Date: Advent 1905 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0112) Subject matter: Publication: ColU4  To: Collingwood, U. Date: 23 October 1910 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0309) Subject matter: Publication: COLLINGWOOD, WILLIAM GERSHOM Col1  To: Collingwood, W G. (1) Date: 25 September 1908 Location: TSA Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood’s early impressions of Oxford as an undergraduate. Publication: quoted from in R. G. Collingwood, An Autobiography and Other Writings, edited by David Boucher and Teresa Smith, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2013, 214 (hereafter referred to as AAOW; quotations in AAOW are selective). (1) Collingwood, W G., 1854–1932. William Gershom Collingwood was the father of R. G. Collingwood. An archaeologist, antiquary and author, W. G. Collingwood was also secretary to, and biographer of John Ruskin. His publications include The Art Teaching of John Ruskin, London 1891, and The Bondwoman: A Story of The Northmen in Lakeland, Kendal, 1896, and Lake District History, Kendal, 1925. Father and son collaborated on many historical projects and Collingwood’s letters are an eloquent testimony to the closeness of their relationship. The letters listed here are a small fraction of the total; the bulk of Collingwood’s correspondence with his father is in family possession. For a study and a bibliography of W. G. Collingwood, see Matthew Townend, The Vikings and Victorian Lakeland: The Norse Medievalism of W. G. Collingwood and his Contemporaries, Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society, Extra Series: Vol. XXXIV, Titus Wilson & Son, Kendal, 2009, see also Douglas H. Johnson, ‘W G. Collingwood and the Beginnings of The Idea of History’, Collingwood Studies, Volume One, 1994, pp.19–24; for discussion, see William M. Johnston, The Formative Years of R. G. Collingwood, M. Nijhoff, The Hague, 1967; for citation of letters to his father, mother and sister Dora not listed here, see Teresa Smith, ‘R.G. Collingwood: “This Ring of Thought”: Notes on Early Influences’, Collingwood Studies, Volume One, 1994, fns 22, 25, 27, 30 and 31, where Teresa Smith comments ‘RGC wrote letters home on an almost daily basis’. The same article, p.42, fn. 24, refers to a letter to his father in capitals on lined paper dated June 18 1892, beginning ‘My dear Daddy’ with a drawing of ‘the train via Coniston for Daddy’; headed ‘Seascale’ and

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dated – ‘Robin 3 1/4’; for examples of W. G. Collingwood’s letters to R. G. Collingwood, see W. G. Collingwood, ‘Letters from Iceland: introduced by Janet Gnosspelius’, Collingwood Studies, Volume 3, 1996, pp.1–75, Letters 1 and 11. Col2  To: Collingwood, W. G. Date: 9 October 1908 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR0223) Subject matter: participation in concerts Publication: AAOW 214 Col3  To: Collingwood, W. G. Date: 24 January 1909 Location: TSA Reference:— Subject matter: reading Demosthenes, love of music. Publication: AAOW 215 Col4  To: Collingwood, W. G. Date: 6 June 1909 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR0255) Subject matter: academic work, praise for his tutor, E. F. Carritt. Publication: AAOW 219 Col5  To: Collingwood, W. G. Date: 24 October 1909 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0265) Subject matter: Publication: unpublished Col6  To: Collingwood, W. G. Date: 14 November 1909 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0268) Subject matter: reference to Aristotle and increasing love for philosophy. Publication: AAOW 220 Col7  To: Collingwood, W. G. Date: 24 April 1910 Location: TSA Reference:— Subject matter: academic work and successes. Publication: AAOW 219

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Col8  To: Collingwood, W. G. Date: 23 May 1910 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0296) Subject matter: lunch and discussion with William Temple. Publication: AAOW 222 Col9  To: Collingwood, W. G. Date: 19 November 1910 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0315) Subject matter: Publication: unpublished Col10  To: Collingwood, W. G. Date: 29 January 1911 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0322) Subject matter: academic progress, early Oxford friendships. Publication: AAOW 221 Col11  To: Collingwood, W. G. Date: 12 March 1911 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0333) Subject matter: life in Oxford, close friendship with E. F. Carritt and his family. Publication: AAOW 221 Col12  To: Collingwood, W. G. Date: 16 June 1912 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0383) Subject matter: meeting with the Oxford philosopher, John Cook Wilson; discussion of contemporaries. Publication: AAOW 224 Col13  To: Collingwood, W. G. Date: 11 October 1914 Location: TSA Reference:— Subject matter: OTC in Oxford; Collingwood applies for a commission but is rejected on medical grounds. Publication: AAOW 227 Col14  To: Collingwood, W. G. Date: 31 January 1915

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Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 470A) Subject matter: discussion of the Oxford anthropologist, R. R. Marett, and his views on heresies. Publication: AAOW 517 Col15  To: Collingwood, W. G. Date: 9 May 1919 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0536) Subject matter: involvement in European affairs, address to a conference of Belgian students. Publication: AAOW xxxiv Col16  To: Collingwood, W. G. Date: 24 July 1923 Location: the Collingwood Society, Collingwood and British Idealism Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff. Reference:— Subject matter: return from Dorset, application for a Philosophy post at Manchester, reference to Alexander, archaeological work at Dorchester and Salisbury, Simpson’s discovery of Roman coins at Carr Naze. Publication: unpublished Col17  To: Collingwood, W. G. Date: 29 October 1923 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: sending manuscript of Speculum Mentis to the publishers. Publication: unpublished Col18  To: Collingwood, W. G. Date: 4 December 1923 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Irwin’s paper for the Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society; J. B. Bailey, on Agricolan camps; travel arrangements. Publication: unpublished Col19  To: Collingwood, W. G. Date: undated, but probably late February 1924 Location: as above. Reference:— Subject matter: family suffering from influenza; drawings in the letter of Ambleside Roman Fort; publication of Speculum Mentis; query concerning John Scotus Erigena –

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‘While lying in bed with the influenza I have become very much excited about John the Scot . . . I find that he was really a philosopher of the very first class, the greatest man between Augustine and Aquinas.’ Publication: unpublished Col20  To: Collingwood, W. G. Date: 4 March 1924 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: further discussion of the drawing for Ambleside Roman Fort. Publication: unpublished Col21  To: Collingwood, W. G. Date: 3 October 1930 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: postcard from Spain, at Toledo – ready for start to Madrid [dated from postmark, Bootle, Cumberland]. Publication: unpublished Col22  To: Collingwood, W. G. Date: 22 October 1930 Location: TSA Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood’s interest in the Spanish philosopher, Miguel de Unamuno; Spanish politics and liberalism. Publication: AAOW 386 Col23  To: Collingwood, W. G. Date: 29 October 1931 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0618) Subject matter: political views after the General Election of 1931. Publication: AAOW 415 COLLINGWOOD, WILLIAM (Bill) ColW(Bill)1  To: Collingwood, W. (Bill) (1) Date: 19 February 1939 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0848) Subject matter: literary models for An Autobiography; starts writing The Principles of History, writes a detective story of his own to illustrate his theory about how history works. Publication: AAOW xxxvii, 323, 538–9 (1) William Robert Collingwood, 1919–75 (known as Bill), was Collingwood’s son.

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COULTHARD, H. R. Coult1  To: Canon H. R. Coulthard (1) Date: 1924 Location: Cornwall County Archives Reference: Coulthard Papers, P69/2/3 Subject matter: Roman roads in Cornwall. Collingwood made his acquaintance after Coulthard’s discovery of a Roman inscription (RIB 2232) at a cottage near the church. Collingwood wrote a Note on the Milestones and Roads of Cornwall, published in A History of the County of Cornwall, edited by William Page, Part 5 Romano-British Remains by the Late F. Haverfield, revised and edited by M.V. Taylor, The Victoria History of the Counties of England, London, The St. Catherine’s Press, 1924. Publication: unpublished (1) Coulthard was Vicar of Breage and a local historian; he was the author of The Story of an Ancient Parish: Breage with Germoe, Bridger, Camborne, 1913. COULTON, G. G. Cou1  To: Coulton, G. G. (1) Date: 1 May 1941 Location: St. John’s College Library Cambridge Reference: Papers of Frank Samuel Herbert Kendon 15/4 Subject matter: Collingwood expresses his thanks for Coulton’s letter and his longstanding admiration for Coulton’s work; notes his oblique reference to Ruskin through mention of the Aiguille Vert [the Green Needle, in the French Alps, first climbed by Edward Whymper in 1865]; reference to the completion and reception of An Autobiography and starting work on The New Leviathan. Collingwood talks about his own feelings about his work at this stage of his life and of the series of strokes which came close to completely incapacitating him. He writes, ‘You speak with a warmth that I find almost painful about continuing my work. You mean, I suppose, work about history and its theory. Well and good; but was it a man’s work? I feel like the man in Vauvenargues who explained that he was quite willing to improve himself; but it took a long time “et je meurs”. “That man”, as they say, has turned his attention to politics; the question is, not whether the intended politics or the hypothetical history is the better, but what the emergency calls for.’ Publication: unpublished (1) Coulton, G. G., 1858–1947. British medieval historian. Fellow of St. John’s College, Cambridge 1919. Author of a large number of works on medieval history, society and religion, a noted controversialist, see his The Main Illusions of Pacifism, A Criticism of Mr. Norman Angell and of the Union of Democratic Control, Bowes and Bowes, Cambridge, 1916. For Coulton’s view of Collingwood’s understanding of history, see G. G. Coulton, Fourscore Years, An Autobiography, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1943, p.321. CRAWFORD, OSBERT GUY STANHOPE Cra1  To: Crawford, O. G. S. (1) Date: undated Location: Bodleian Library, Oxford Reference: MS. Crawford, 3, Fol. 205

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Subject matter: refers to his illness, and a meeting with Crawford. Publication: unpublished; Burchnall l B1. (1) Crawford, O. G. S., 1886–1957. Editor of Antiquity, major archaeologist and leading exponent of aerial photography in excavation, main publications include Field Archaeology, London, 1932; Air Survey and Archaeology, London, 1924, and an autobiography, Said and Done, London, 1955, pp.173, 183–4, in which he reports his memories of Collingwood, how they met, work on excavations together, etc. For discussion of Crawford and Collingwood, see Kitty Hauser, Bloody Old Britain O. G. S. Crawford and the Archaeology of Modern Life, Granta Books, London, 2008, p.110. Cra2  To: Crawford, O. G. S. Date: 17 January 1941 Location: as above Reference: 4, Fol. 205 Subject matter: receipt of a map, and other archaeological matters. Publication: unpublished; Burchnall l B1. Cra3  To: Crawford, O. G. S. Date: 14 April 1941 Location: as above Reference: 4, Fol. 118 Subject matter: Crawford’s retirement, Collingwood’s serious health problems and other personal matters, and remarks on the political situation, Collingwood writes ‘when the war broke out I saw that the whole business was due to the fact that everybody concerned was in a completely muddled condition about the first principles of politics and, examining my own mind, I saw that I had plenty of ideas which it would be a public service to state. The resulting treatise was about half finished when, in January 1940, I had another and far more serious stroke.’ Publication: unpublished, but cited in V63; Taylor 1.184, Burchnall l B1. CROCE, BENEDETTO Cro1  To: Croce, B. (1) Date: 14 December 1912 Location: Biblioteca Benedetto Croce, Naples Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood writes concerning the translation rights of Filosofia del Vico; asks Croce’s permission to proceed on the basis of his approving a specimen chapter. The book appeared as B. Croce, The Philosophy of Giambattista Vico, translated by R. G. Collingwood, Howard Latimer Ltd, London 1913. Publication: VI p.549, (Vigorelli reprints all Collingwood’s letters to Croce in their entirety); Taylor 1.185, Dreisbach 5.1 1. (1) Croce, B., 1866–1952. Italian philosopher influenced by Vico, de Sanctis, and German idealism. Collingwood’s first book was a translation of Croce’s work on Vico – The Philosophy of Giambattista Vico, Howard Latimer, London, 1913, and he

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also translated Croce’s autobiography – An Autobiography, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1927. The nature and extent of Croce’s influence on Collingwood’s thought has prompted considerable debate, see, for example, the discussion in VI, introduction, pp.545–8; James Connelly, ‘Art Thou The Man: Croce, Gentile or de Ruggiero?’ in Boucher, Connelly and Modood, op. cit., pp.92–114; various contributions in L. M. Palmer and H. S. Harris (eds.). Thought, Action and Intuition, Georg Olms Verlag, Hildesheim, 1975; Clementina Gily Reda, ‘Considerations on Collingwood and Italian Thought’, Collingwood Studies, Vol. 2, pp.213–32; Peter Johnson, ‘Intention and Meaning in R. G. Collingwood’s Autobiography’, Collingwood Studies, Vol.  2, pp.12–42; and R. Peters, History as Thought and Action: The Philosophies of Croce, Gentile, de Ruggiero and Collingwood, Exeter: Imprint Academic, 2013. Cro2  To: Croce, B. Date: 26 December 1912 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: discussion of additions to Collingwood’s translation of Croce’s book on Vico. Publication: V1. 549–50; Taylor 1.185, Dreisbach 5.11 Cro3  To: Croce, B. Date: 27 October 1913 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: thanks Croce for corrections he made to the manuscript, and ‘to express my hope that the translation will be sufficiently successful to repay your trouble and to increase the number of those in England who know your works’. Publication: V1 p.550; Taylor 1.185; Dreisbach 5.11. Cro4  To: Croce, B. Date: 29 May 1921 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood sends Croce a copy of his ‘Croce’s Philosophy of History’, Hibbert Journal, XIX, 1921, pp.265–78; he writes, ‘I have no time to write about work to which I feel hostile; I only write about the people whom I most closely agree with. It is only because of the necessity of satisfying the anti-Croce in me that I look so sedulously for the anti-Croce in yourself.’ Publication: VI pp.550–1; Alan Donagan, The Later Philosophy of R. G. Collingwood, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1962, p.314; Taylor 1.185; Dreisbach 5.11. Cro5  To: Croce, B. Date: 29 January 1925 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood writes to thank Croce for his review of Speculum Mentis

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and to clarify a point about his view of the relation between art and philosophy Collingwood describes himself as ‘a slow and opsimathic thinker, like most of my nation’; he says, ‘I shall always be at bottom one of your scholars, and shall never cease to test my work by reference to yours.’ Publication: VI pp.551–2; Taylor 1.185; Dreisbach 5.11. Cro6  To: Croce, B. Date: 23 September 1925 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood refers to his completing his translation of Croce’s autobiography [B. Croce An Autobiography, translated by R. G. Collingwood, with a Preface by J. A. Smith, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1927] during a summer spent working on history and archaeology. He writes: ‘the history of your thought has been in so many ways like the history of my own’; asks Croce if he wishes to make any additions to the text. Publication: VI pp.552–3; Taylor 1.185; Dreisbach 5.11. Cro7  To: Croce, B. Date: 25 October 1926 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: proofs of Croce’s autobiography sent to him for correction and improvement; Collingwood refers to Warner Fite, Moral Philosophy, The Critical View of Life, The Dial Press, New York 1925, says that he has read it, admires its ‘freshness and spontaneity’, hopes to find an English publisher for it. Publication: V1 p.553; Donagan, op. cit. p.315; Taylor 1.185; Dreisbach 5.11. Cro8  To: Croce, B. Date: 16 April 1927 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood visits Naples and writes asking Croce’s permission to call. Publication: V1 pp.553–4; Taylor 1.185; Dreisbach 5.11. Cro9  To: Croce, B. Date: 13 December 1927 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood’s willingness to help Croce find a translator for his History of Italy; he is unable to do it himself because of pressure of work. Publication: VI p.554; Taylor 1.185; Dreisbach 5.11. Cro10  To: Croce, B. Date: 20 December 1927 Location: as above Reference:—

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Subject matter: to inform Croce of the decision by the Clarendon Press to publish an edition of his History of Italy; matters to do with translation and royalties, etc. Publication: V1 pp.554–5; Taylor 1.185; Dreisbach 5.11. Cro11  To: Croce, B. Date: 5 January 1928 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: asks Croce for a testimonial to support his candidature for the Chair of Moral Philosophy at Oxford; reference to teaching duties; work in the philosophy of history, mention of W. D. Ross as a candidate; debt to Croce. Publication: VI pp.555–6; Donagan, op. cit. p.315; Taylor 1.185; Dreisbach 5.11. Cro12  To: Croce, B. Date: 21 January 1928 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood thanks Croce for his testimonial; refers to the proofs of the History of Italy, attempting to find a translator; at work on translating Croce’s article on ‘Aesthetics’ for the Encyclopaedia Britannica. Publication: V1 pp.556–7; Taylor 1.185; Dreisbach 5.11. Cro13  To: Croce, B. Date: 3 February 1928 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: reference to problems in finding a translator; discussion of Croce’s article on ‘Aesthetics’. Publication: VI pp.557–8; Taylor 1.185; Dreisbach 5.11. Cro14  To: Croce, B. Date: 24 February 1928 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: refers to Miss Cecilia Ady as willing to translate Croce’s History of Italy; discussion of royalties; mentions the appointment of H. A. Prichard to the Chair of Moral Philosophy – ‘one of our most brilliant teachers and most devoted students of philosophy’. Publication: VI pp.558–9; Taylor 1.185; Dreisbach 5.11. Cro15  To: Croce, B. Date: 8 March 1928 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: thanks Croce for material relevant to his History of Italy and his article on ‘Aesthetics’; Collingswood says he is translating it ‘in my spare time’. Publication: VI p.559; Taylor 1.185; Dreisbach 5.11

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Cro16  To: Croce, B. Date: 2 July 1928 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: refers to archaeological work in Cumberland; slowness of the publication of Croce’s article on “Aesthetic”. Publication: VI pp.559–60; Taylor 1.185; Dreisbach 5.11. Cro17  To: Croce, B. Date: 18 January 1929 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood writes to say that he has finished his revisions to Cecilia Ady’s translation of Croce’s History of Italy; discussion of proofs. Publication: VI p.560; Taylor 1.185; Dreisbach 5.11. Cro18  To: Croce, B. Date: 17 May 1929 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood writes saying that he was pleased to hear that Croce was satisfied with the translation of the History of Italy; refers to press-­cuttings and says that its publication has been delayed by the General Election – ‘this is the week of the General Election and at the present moment I will not say exactly silent inter arma leges, but people are too much concerned with the practice of politics to attend closely to its theory’ [B. Croce, A History of Italy 1871–1915, translated by C. M. Ady, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1929]. Publication: VI pp.560–1; Taylor 1.185; Dreisbach 5.11. Cro19  To: Croce, B. Date: 19 May 1930 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: refers to Croce’s visit to Oxford for the Congress of Philosophy, offers Croce his hospitality. Publication: V1 p.561; Taylor 1.185; Dreisbach 5.11. Cro20  To: Croce, B. Date: 16 October 1933 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood expresses his regret that he will not be able to hear Croce lecture in Oxford because of a family bereavement. Publication: VI pp.561–2; Taylor 1.185; Dreisbach 5.11.

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Cro21  To: Croce, B. Date: 20 April 1938 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood refers to a gift of The Principles of Art which is to be sent to Croce as an acknowledgement of ‘the debt . . . I owe you in every department of thought and more especially in aesthetic’; Collingwood says that its central theme is ‘the identity of art and language’; refers to the closeness between his thought and Croce’s. Publication: V1 p.562; Donagan, op. cit. pp.315–16, Taylor 1.185; Dreisbach. 5.11 Cro22  To: Croce, B. Date: 29 January 1939 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: discussion of attempts to bring Momigliano to Oxford; Collingwood writes from the Netherlands East Indies and refers to the stroke which prompted his voyage of recuperation; reference to reading Racine and Croce. Publication: V1 pp.562–3; Donagan, op. cit. pp.316–17; Taylor 50. D DE RUGGIERO, GUIDO DeR1  To: de Ruggiero, G. (1) Date: 1 July 1920 Location: Istituto de Storia Moderna, Rome, photocopies in Bodleian Library, Oxford, see Burchnall Dep. Collingwood 26; Taylor 1.19; V451. Reference: Collingwood/de R.; Collingwood MSS DEP 27. Subject matter: visit to Oxford, possibility of de Ruggiero attending the Congress of Philosophy which is to take place in Oxford in September; translation of de Ruggiero’s books, after expressing his admiration for them Collingwood writes, ‘it is not easy to publish books in England now, especially in philosophy – a subject of which our general public is heartily tired and distrustful, remembering Mill and Spencer and being not yet educated up to the level of anything better’. Reference to Croce’s taking political office and his plans for education in Italy. Publication: Olivetti 89–90 (1) De Ruggiero, G. 1888–1948. Italian philosopher for whose work Collingwood expressed great admiration throughout his life; Collingwood translated two of his books – Modern Philosophy, London, 1921 and The History of European Liberalism, Oxford, 1927; for a study of their relationship see James Connelly, ‘Art Thou the Man: Croce, Gentile or de Ruggiero?’ in Boucher, Connelly and Modood, op. cit., pp.92–114. For a detailed philosophical account, see R. Peters, History as Thought and Action. The Philosophies of Croce, Gentile, de Ruggiero and Collingwood, Exeter: Imprint Academic, 2013. Collingwood also knew de Ruggiero’s brother in law, Salvatore Breglia, who lived in London. He enjoyed cordial relations with Breglia and wrote to him on at least one occasion, congratulating him on the happy outcome of a business meeting (see C. Gily Reda, ‘Considerations on Collingwood and Italian Thought’, CBIS 2 (1995), p.232 fn26).

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DeR2  To: de Ruggiero, G. Date: 30 July 1920 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: includes discussion of Collingwood’s early unpublished work, begun not long after he completed his translation of de Ruggiero’s Modern Philosophy in March 1920 – Libellus de Generatione – of this he says, ‘I have no intention of publishing it’ (a photocopy of the original manuscript is in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, see Burchnall, Dep. Collingwood 27). Publication: unpublished DeR3  To: de Ruggiero, G. Date: 16 September 1920 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: exchange of work, visit to Oxford, proofs of Modern Philosophy. Publication: Olivetti 90 DeR4  To: de Ruggiero, G. Date: 2 October 1920 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: detailed account of the New Realism, including reading list and comments; criticism of C. E. M. Joad, ‘(who seems to be not a philosopher but a socialist)’; Collingwood describes himself as ready to be thought of as ‘the only English neo-Hegelian’. Publication: unpublished DeR5  To: de Ruggiero, G. Date: 4 November 1920 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: discussion of the translation of Gentile’s Theory of Mind as Pure Act, and the difficulties in it; the views on this of Professor J. A. Smith, Collingwood’s predecessor in the Waynflete Chair of Philosophy at Oxford, and one who was knowledgeable of the problems of translating contemporary Italian philosophy into English; writing on aesthetics; Collingwood reconsiders publishing his manuscript Libellus de Generatione. Publication: unpublished DeR6  To: de Ruggiero, G. Date: 7 March 1921 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood refers to his discussions with Paul Brodersen, a Danish theologian who has been visiting Oxford. Publication: unpublished

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DeR7  To: de Ruggiero, G. Date: 20 March 1921 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood refers to his heavy undergraduate teaching; the progress he has made with his own philosophical work, including giving a paper to the Deipnosophic Society, a group which met under the auspices of Professor J. A. Smith; reading de Ruggiero’s Filosofia Del Cristianismo; admiration for Miguel de Unamuno’s Tragic Sense of Life; discussion of Croce, Anglo-Hegelianism. Publication: Olivetti 91–3 DeR8  To: de Ruggiero, G. Date: 29 May 1921 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: family matters, Collingwood’s interest in nineteenth century English philosophy, J. M. E. McTaggart’s The Nature of Existence is described as ‘a sort of neo-­ scholastic ontology’, his re-­reading of Kant. Publication: Olivetti 94–5 DeR9  To: de Ruggiero, G. Date: 22 November 1921 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: refers to friendship with H. J. Paton who is lecturing on Croce; Collingwood says that he is writing lectures on ethics with reference to the notion of self-­consciousness, ‘an attempt to work out a conception of action or morality as a wholly autonomous process and to show how all its determinations proceed from the concept of self-­consciousness without the appeal to any special “faculty” or “category” of will’; nineteenth century philosophy. Publication: unpublished DeR10  To: de Ruggiero, G. Date: 21 September 1922 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood sends de Ruggiero copies of his lecture ‘Ruskin’s Philosophy’, an address he delivered in 1919, and his paper ‘Are History and Science Different Kinds of Knowledge?’ which was given to a Philosophy Congress in Manchester in the summer [and later published in Mind, 31, 1922, 443–51]; critical discussion of these, and of Crocean ideas concerning identity and difference. Publication: Olivetti 96–7 DeR11  To: de Ruggiero, G. Date: 24 August 1923

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Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood gives a description of the contents and argument of Speculum Mentis which he says has just been finished and was ‘mostly stolen from Hegel and other people’. Publication: Olivetti 97–8 DeR12  To: de Ruggiero, G. Date: 16 November 1924 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood apologises for not having been in touch, writing that, ‘It is true that I am a bad and infrequent writer of letters’; reference to his book Outlines of a Philosophy of Art [Oxford University Press, 1925] which he says was completed in the summer of 1924 and also to Speculum Mentis as ‘opening a new movement in English philosophy’. Publication: unpublished DeR13  To: de Ruggiero, G. Date: 11 February 1925 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: family matters, and publication plans. Publication: unpublished DeR14  To: de Ruggiero, G. Date: 18 August 1926 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: publishing arrangements for de Ruggiero’s A History of European Liberalism which Collingwood translated and which was published by Oxford University Press in 1927; division of royalties; philosophy examining; of his own work Collingwood writes, ‘For myself, I am trying to clear up my conception of History – helped greatly, but not wholly satisfied, by both Croce and Gentile, and developing further the view expressed in Speculum Mentis. And always pursuing the study of history itself.’ Publication: Olivetti 98–9 DeR15  To: de Ruggiero, G. Date: 2 September 1926 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: nineteenth century history; division of royalties; discussion of Gentile’s Logic. Publication: unpublished

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DeR16  To: de Ruggiero, G. Date: 18 November 1926 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood refers to his progress in translating de Ruggiero’s A History of European Liberalism and he says of it, ‘The political principles expounded and implied are at every point my own, and expressed with a justness and completeness that leave me nothing to do but express my complete agreement; no book known to me since T. H. Green has, I think, made so fine a theoretical contribution to liberal doctrine, and this is far more complete and far more highly organised than anything of Green’s.’ Publication: unpublished DeR17  To: de Ruggiero, G. Date: 15 December 1926 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: plans for travelling to Italy. Publication: unpublished DeR18  To: de Ruggiero, G. Date: 2 January 1927 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: plans for the visit to Rome and Naples; close friendship with the de Ruggiero family; progress in translating A History of European Liberalism. Publication: unpublished DeR19  To: de Ruggiero, G. Date: 16 January 1927 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: lengthy discussion of nineteenth century English religious beliefs and the extent to which they reflect the economic and social backgrounds of the believers; problems in translating particular words and phrases in the Italian text of A History of European Liberalism. Publication: unpublished DeR20  To: de Ruggiero, G. Date: undated [probably around 22 March 1927] Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood reports that his translation has now been delivered to the printer; travelling plans – aims to arrive in Rome on the evening of 29 March. Publication: unpublished

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DeR21  To: de Ruggiero, G. Date: 16 April 1927 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood writes to de Ruggiero from Rome telling him of his meeting with Gentile; the political situation in Italy, archaeology; arrangements to visit Croce. Publication: unpublished DeR22  To: de Ruggiero, G. Date: 4 October 1927 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood refers to the indifference with which Speculum Mentis was received in England, writing ‘No reviewer has treated it as a serious philosophical statement to be criticized seriously; Croce’s review in Critica is the only one written by a man who has grasped the meaning of the book.’ He talks of the political situation in England, the state of political philosophy and lack of sympathy to liberalism, ‘T. H. Green is out of fashion – today the fashionable colour is red’; writes that ‘For four months I have been deep in historical studies, and there I find myself among friends and willing collaborators; the return to philosophy means a return to a work in which I become more and more conscious of being an outlaw.’ Publication: unpublished DeR23  To: de Ruggiero, G. Date: 6 December 1927 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: publishing matters. Publication: unpublished DeR24  To: de Ruggiero, G. Date: 13 December 1927 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: friendship with and admiration for Croce, Collingwood’s attempts to find a publisher for Croce’s work in England; refers to his own work, specifically in Antiquity, a journal ‘lately founded by a friend of mine’. [O. G. S. Crawford] Publication: unpublished DeR25  To: de Ruggiero, G. Date: 25 March 1928 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: sales and reception of A History of European Liberalism; Collingwood refers to his difficulty in finding time for philosophical work and also to the absence of

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progress in his theory of history; mentions his unsuccessful application for the Chair of Moral Philosophy at Oxford [H. A. Pritchard was appointed] Collingwood writes, ‘They elected a man 20 years older, who richly deserves it: so I have no cause for complaint.’ Publication: unpublished DeR26  To: de Ruggiero, G. Date: 22 November 1928 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood’s own criticisms of Speculum Mentis; his appointment as a Delegate of the Clarendon Press which has further limited the time available for philosophy; proposes to write a work on the basic ideas of political theory, much to learn from de Ruggiero; refers to a proposed lecture he has promised to give in Berlin. Publication: unpublished DeR27  To: de Ruggiero, G. Date: 19 May 1930 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: expectation that de Ruggiero will attend the 1930 Congress of Philosophy to be held in Oxford; Collingwood’s hard work to meet publishing deadlines owing to his father’s serious ill-­health. Publication: unpublished DeR28  To: de Ruggiero, G. Date: 8 July 1930 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: arrangements for the Philosophy Congress in Oxford in September; Croce’s visit to Oxford for the Congress. Publication: unpublished DeR29  To: de Ruggiero, G. Date: 9 January 1931 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: W G. Collingwood’s illness; de Ruggiero’s work in the philosophy of history, relations between history and science; Collingwood refers to the neglect of history in contemporary English philosophy and says that ‘his own attempts to introduce a slender thread of historical thought into English philosophy are met everywhere with a blank refusal’. Publication: Olivetti 100–1 DeR30  To: de Ruggiero, G. Date: 4 January 1932

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Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood’s illness resulting from overwork; plans to visit Rome; the collapse of the political situation in Italy; Collingwood expresses his concern for de Ruggiero in the light of the oath of loyalty imposed by the government on university professors in Italian universities. Publication: unpublished DeR31  To: de Ruggiero, G. Date: 18 January 1932 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: notifies de Ruggiero of his plans to visit Rome; intends to go on to Sicily and Greece. Publication: unpublished DeR32  To: de Ruggiero, G. Date: undated [probably 1932] Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood writes from the British School of Archaeology at Rome where he is staying with I. A. Richmond, the Director; plans to travel with Richmond to Naples and Sicily. Publication: unpublished DeR33  To: de Ruggiero, G. Date: 7 February 1934 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: summary and comment on An Essay on Philosophical Method which Collingwood calls ‘a programme for future work rather than a conclusion or final theoretical position’; refers to the improvement in his health and being ‘eager for work’; refers to his father, W. G. Collingwood’s The Art Teaching of John Ruskin [1891] as ‘the best summary’ of Ruskin’s aesthetic ideas; Collingwood sympathises with de Ruggiero in revising his own work, writing ‘Nothing is more unpleasant than revising one’s own work – I am happy in never yet having had to do it myself, because my books pass peacefully into oblivion and so far have not shown any signs of resurrection. I don’t know what I should do if a second edition of Speculum Mentis were wanted!’ Publication: unpublished DeR34  To: de Ruggiero, G. Date: 12 June 1937 Location: as above Reference: as above

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Subject matter: discussion of de Ruggiero’s latest work, on Leibniz, Collingwood explains his conception of philosophical history, proposals for Principles of Art. Publication: Olivetti 102–4 DeR35  To: de Ruggiero, G. Date: 24 July 1938 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood writes from his yacht, Zenocrate, which was moored at Buckler’s Hard in Hampshire; he refers to his serious stroke which had resulted from high blood pressure and to his doctor’s view that he should give up intellectual work entirely in order to facilitate a complete recovery; Collingwood assures de Ruggiero of his friendship and tells him that he took the name, Zenocrate, from Marlowe’s Tamburlaine, commenting incidentally that he finds Marlowe’s Dr Faustus ‘incomparably greater than Goethe’s Faust’. Publication: unpublished DeR36  To: de Ruggiero, G. Date: 21 October 1938 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood tells of further strokes and of his doctor’s advice that a long period of recuperation is necessary; arrangements for Collingwood’s trip to the Dutch East Indies, he writes ‘I leave Liverpool tomorrow and arrive in Java a month later.’ Publication: unpublished DUDDEN, F. HOMES Dud1  To: Dudden, Rev. F. Homes (1) Date: 21 October 1919 Location: Pembroke College, Oxford Reference: 38/1/29 Subject matter: concerns Collingwood’s application to live outside the College for a certain amount of time each term. Publication: unpublished (1) Dudden, Rev. F. Homes, 1874–1955. Master of Pembroke College, Oxford, 1918–55; author of a number of historical and theological works, including The Life and Times of St Ambrose, Vols. 1 and 2, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1935. Dud2  To: Dudden, Rev. F. Homes Date: 24 March 1935 Location: as above Reference: 61/7/1 Subject matter: concerns Collingwood’s election to the Waynflete Chair of Metaphysical Philosophy, his move to Magdalen College and resignation of his Pembroke Fellowship; teaching duties and the appointment of his successor. Publication: unpublished

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DUFF, HAROLD Duf1  To: Duff, Harold (1) Date: 8 January 1921 Location: Sackler Library, Oxford Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood refers to a find of potsherds made at Mawbray, Maryport which he describes as ‘a curious and valuable collection’. He says that the find raises a number of important archaeological questions and he is encouraged to hear that further excavations are in progress. Publication: unpublished (1) Harold Duff was an archaeologist and local historian who lived in Aspatria, a village near Carlisle in Cumbria. He joined the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society in 1921, taking an active part in excavations and remaining an enthusiastic member for many years. He was the author of  ‘Remains near Mawbray’ (CW 38: 157–59) and a number of other contributions to archaeological journals. Collingwood acknowleges his help in a number of articles, for example, R. G. Collingwood, ‘The Roman Fort at Beckfoot’ (CW 36: 76–84). In 1921 and again in 1922 and 1925, Duff donated pottery found at the Roman fort at Beckfoot, Mawbray to the Tullie House Museum, Carlisle. Duf2  To: Duff, Harold Date: 9 September 1922 Location: Sackler Library, Oxford Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood comments on the latest collection of finds from the Mawbray site. He gives an account of each item individually and says that he hopes to hear more from ‘a very interesting site’. Publication: unpublished Duf3  To: Duff, Harold Date: 3 June 1925 Location: Sackler Library, Oxford Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood thanks Duff for his report on the Beckfoot remains which he finds interesting. He identifies the various finds individually, naming the potter and dating the coins. He says that he is unable to comment further because he is ‘much occupied with examinations’, but that he would like to visit the site with Duff and discuss the finds in detail with him. Publication: unpublished E EKWALL, EILERT Ekw1  To: Ekwall, Eilert (1) Date: undated Location: Lund University Library, Manuscript Section

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Reference: Samling Ekwall, Eilert Subject matter: discussion of a Roman milestone and its relevance to the RomanoCeltic name of Lancaster. Publication: unpublished (1) Ekwall, Eilert, 1877–1964. Philologist, Professor of English at Lund University, Sweden 1909–42, author of many books on English place names, including The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place Names, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1936; for a bibliography, see Olaf von Feilitzen, The Published Writings of Eilert Ekwall: A Bibliography, C. W. K. Gleerup, Lund, 1961. Ekwall was a collaborator with, and close friend of, R. G. Collingwood’s father, W. G. Collingwood; for further information, see Matthew Townend, The Vikings and Victorian Lakeland: The Norse Medievalism of W. G. Collingwood and His Contemporaries, Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society, Extra Series Vol. XXXIV, Titus Wilson and Son, Kendal, 2009, pp.260–1, 263 and 267. R. G. Collingwood refers to Ekwall’s researches in his Archaeology of Roman Britain, Methuen, London, 1930, p.66 and also in Roman Britain and the English Settlements (with J. L. Myres), Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1936, p.19. ELIOT, T. S. Eli1  To: T. S. Eliot (1) Date: 8 May 1927 Location: Faber and Faber Archive Reference: The Monthly Criterion Subject matter: Collingwood writes concerning his review of two books on Greek philosophy, A. E. Taylor, Plato, The Man and His Work and Jean Wahl Étude sur le Parménide de Plato (this was published in The Monthly Criterion, 6 (July 1927), pp.65–8). He writes, ‘I decided to devote the review to the central problem – the question of the relation of Plato to Socrates – and let everything else slide.’ Publication: The Letters of T. S. Eliot, edited by Valerie Eliot and John Haffendon, Volume 3, 1926–7, Faber and Faber, London, 2012, p.505. (1) Collingwood’s publications in The Monthly Criterion, and his admiration for T. S. Eliot’s poetry, are well known. Less well known is the fact that it was Herbert Read who suggested to Eliot that Collingwood review for The Monthly Criterion, see The Letters of T. S. Eliot, op. cit., p.393. It is also worth mentioning that from the same volume (p.880), we learn that on 8 March 1938 Collingwood sent Eliot a copy of his recently published The Principles of Art (1938), in which Eliot’s masterpiece, The Waste Land, is welcomed by Collingwood as a major influence, (see pp.295, 333f.), writing ‘in a sense the book is dedicated to you; the concluding pages are all about The Waste Land, regarded as a demonstration of what poetry has got to be if my aesthetic theory is to be true!’ (see Letters of T. S. Eliot, op. cit., p.880). The importance of Eliot’s poem for understanding Collingwood’s account of a civilization in decline has not gone unnoticed, see, for example, Philip Smallwood, ‘The Re-Enactment of the Self: Perspectives from Literature, Criticism, and Culture’, in R. G. Collingwood, The Philosophy of Enchantment, op. cit., p.xxvii.

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EMDEN, ALFRED BROTHERSTON Emd1  To: Emden, A. B (1) Date: 9 January 1934 Location: Bodleian Library Oxford Reference: St Edmund Hall MS 88, Fols 46–8 Subject matter: lengthy discussion of the Todd MS which Emden had loaned to him; Collingwood examines its accuracy; status as history; possibility of publication and/or paper on it by Emden himself; for this see his reply 15 January 1934 [same location]. Publication: unpublished; Burchnall 1b2. (1) Emden, A. B., 1888–1979. Principal of St Edmund Hall, Oxford, 1929–51; author of a number of works in medieval history, including An Oxford Hall in Medieval Times, London, 1927. F FABRICIUS, Dr E. Fab1  To: Fabricius, Dr E. (1) Date: 26 January 1925 Location: Nachlass, Universität Freiburg-­im-Breisgau Archiv Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood is responding to a paper by Fabricius, ‘Neue Arbeiten über die britannischen Limites’, Germania, 7, 1923, 79–89 which was itself a response to a number of articles on the Roman Wall, including R. G. Collingwood’s own paper, ‘Hadrian’s Wall; a history of a problem’, Journal of Roman Studies, 11, 1921, 37–66. Collingwood takes issue with a number of points in Fabricius’ account of the Roman Wall – its origin, course, garrisoning and crossings. Publication: AAOW 280 (1) Fabricius, Ernst, 1857–1942, German historian, archaeologist and classical scholar, Professor of Ancient History at the University of Freiburg from 1888 to 1926 when he retired; for a bibliography of his work, see Jürgen von Beckerath, Wilhelm Schleiermacher, ‘Bibliographie Ernst Fabricius’, Bericht der Romisch-Germanischen Kommission, 32, 1942, 229–36. Fab2  To: Fabricius, Dr E. Date: 8 February 1925 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood comments on a paper by Fabricius, ‘Uber die Lex Mamilia Roscia Peducaea Alliena Fabia’, Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Academie der Wissenschaften Philosophisch-Historiche Klasse, Jg. 1924/5, Abl1; again taking issue with some of Fabricius’ claims regarding the dating of the Wall. Publication: unpublished Fab3  To: Fabricius, Dr E. Date: 16 January 1927

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Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: exchange of academic books and papers. Publication: unpublished Fab4  To: Fabricius, Dr E. Date: 4 October 1927 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood refers to excavations at Birdoswald and makes a number of points concerning the Wall’s construction and purpose. Publication: unpublished Fab5  To: Fabricius, Dr E. Date: 5 June 1928 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: exchange of academic papers. Publication: unpublished Fab6  To: Fabricius, Dr E. Date: 6 July 1928 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood refers to the election of Fabricius to Honorary Membership of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society Publication: unpublished Fab7  To: Fabricius, Dr E. Date: 28 March 1929 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood discusses his impending visit to Germany to take part in, and lecture at, the centenary celebrations of the German Archaeological Institute as a representative of the Society of Antiquities in London. Publication: unpublished Fab8  To: Fabricius, Dr E. Date: 2 April 1929 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood thanks Fabricius for his help with his visit and hopes to meet him in Frankfurt. Publication: unpublished

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Fab9  To: Fabricius, Dr E. Date: 18 April 1929 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: further discussion of the arrangements during Collingwood’s visit. Publication: unpublished Fab10  To: Fabricius, Dr E. Date: 6 May 1929 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood writes from Oxford on his return, thanking Fabricius for his great help in making the trip to Germany a success; Collingwood sends Fabricius a copy of his Roman Eskdale [The Whitehaven News Ltd., Whitehaven, 1929], saying that it was ‘a little book written in order to be sold at railway stations and so on, in the hope of entrapping tourists and visitors into an interest in archaeology. The medicinal powder is mixed with plenty of rhetorical jam, and served up in a spoon for which I am not responsible, – I mean, the drawing on the cover.’ Collingwood asks for Fabricius’ help in validating proposals to found a teaching and research department of archaeology at the University of Durham. Publication: unpublished Fab11  To: Fabricius, Dr E. Date: 10 June 1929 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood thanks Fabricius for the report discussed in the letter of 6 May 1929, saying that it was exactly what he expected. Publication: unpublished Fab12  To: Fabricius, Dr E. Date: 1 March 1930 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood refers to the sudden death of Friedrich Drexel who was Director of the Romisch-Germanische Kommission in Frankfurt; talks of his own archaeological work over the winter and his plans for the spring and summer excavations, also of the Pilgrimage to the Roman Wall in July and the impending work at Verulamium. Publication: unpublished Fab13  To: Fabricius, Dr E. Date: 29 November 1930 Location: as above Reference:—

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Subject matter: Collingwood expresses his appreciation of Fabricius as an archaeologist and his admiration for his manner of working; discussion of the Dambach amphitheatre and its equivalent in Wales, Tomen-­y-Mur, which Collingwood surveyed in 1929; reference to Collingwood’s new book, The Archaeology of Roman Britain; speaks of caring for his father, W. G. Collingwood, who had been ill, and of his visit to Spain with Ethel, his wife: ‘After months spent in the dark and the rain of northern England, the sunshine of Spain seemed like another and happier world.’ Publication: unpublished Fab14  To: Fabricius, Dr E. Date: 12 April 1931 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: much reference to Collingwood family illnesses; hopes that Fabricius will be able to find the time to meet Mr and Mrs J. D. Denniston who were friends of Collingwood in Oxford and are visiting Freiburg. Publication: unpublished Fab15  To: Fabricius, Dr E. Date: 4 January 1932 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood talks of his own serious illness, has been given time off from University work and of a recuperative trip to Italy and Greece; Collingwood speaks of public and private concerns – ‘We often think with pleasure of the happy days spent with you, and look forward in hope to others in the future. However dark the future may be with public dangers and private res angusta, those memories cannot fade and those hopes, however often disappointed, will not die.’ Publication: unpublished Fab16  To: Fabricius, Dr E. Date: 22 December 1932 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood apologises for taking so long to reply to Fabricius’ last letter and explains the he has been away travelling in Sicily (February), Athens (March), Greece and the Greek Islands finishing in Crete, joined by his wife, Ethel (April). He speaks of his recovery to full health and of the death of his father in September, and of his being appointed his successor as President of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society. He includes detailed discussion of new developments in the excavations of the Roman Wall carried out by F. G. Simpson and I. A. Richmond over the summer. He concludes by referring to the state of England in Christmas 1932, writing, ‘Here we are all in a state of poverty which I think England has never experienced before. The customary signs of feasting and rejoicing at Christmas are almost absent. There are no great stocks of Christmas presents in the

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shops: shops are half-­empty, prices are lower than ever, and nobody has money to buy. But the spirit of the country seems to be very good. We have paid our debt to America and have made them promise to reconsider the whole question; this gives us at once a feeling of national self-­respect and a hope, faint but real, that the end of this terrible drain of payments almost equally harmful to the givers and to the receivers may soon come to an end. Our taxes, higher than they have ever been, were to have been reduced but still remain as high as ever: they are strangling our trade and manufacture, but we all feel certain that these will revive the instant our payments to America cease, so the hope of that keeps us cheerful, and in the mean time our political situation is stable, and will remain stable until our economic situation becomes either much better or much worse. So I do not feel very gloomy about our future here: and I always love and admire my countrymen in their deepest misfortunes which show all their best virtues.’ Publication: unpublished THE FOLKLORE SOCIETY Fol1  To: Harold Coote Lake, Secretary, the Folklore Society (1) Date: late September/early October 1936 Location: Folklore Society Archives Reference: ‘Minutes of Evening and General Meetings 1936–59.’ Subject matter: Collingwood’s request to become a member of the Society. Publication: unpublished, but cited and discussed in Wendy James, ‘A Fieldworker’s Philosopher: Perspectives from Anthropology’, in R. G. Collingwood, The Philosophy of Enchantment, Studies in Folktale, Cultural Criticism, and Anthropology, edited by David Boucher, Wendy James and Philip Smallwood, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 2005, pp.lvi–xci, especially pp.lxi–lxvii, where James provides a detailed account of Collingwood’s involvement with the Society. (1) Collingwood’s close interest in the philosophical aspects of folklore and magic is well-­known. His extensive writings in this area have been edited and published in The Philosophy of Enchantment. Fol2  To: The Secretary the Folklore Society Date: 5 December 1936 Location: Folklore Society Archives Reference: ‘FLS Corres.’ Box for 1935 Subject matter: Collingwood writes to ask permission to use the Society’s library. Publication: cited in James, op. cit., p.lxii. Fol3  To: The Secretary the Folklore Society Date: 12 December 1936 Location: Folklore Society Archives Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood describes his visit to the Society’s library, saying that he ‘enjoyed himself thoroughly’. He also mentions a suggestion that he read a paper to the Society. Publication: cited in James, op. cit., p.lxi.

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Fol4  To: The Secretary the Folklore Society Date: 15 May 1937 Location: Folklore Society Archives Reference: ‘FLS Corres.’ Box for 1937 Subject matter: Collingwood responds positively to the idea that he might give a paper to the Society. He discusses the Society’s interests and whether they would wish to hear a paper on magic. Publication: cited in James op. cit., p.lxvi–lxvii, especially footnote 30. FORESTRY COMMISSION For1  To: The Forestry Commission Date: October 1935 Location: Reference:— Subject matter: This was a petition of the Friends of the Lake District asking it to reconsider its decision to proceed with the afforestation of Eskdale and Dunnerdale. The published pamphlet contained many names listed by profession. Collingwood’s name is included under ‘academic’. Publication: Pamphlet, The Petition of the Friends of the Lake District to the Forestry Commissioners, October 1935. FOX, CYRIL Fox1  To: Fox, Cyril (1) Date: 14 January 1935 Location: private possession Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood links the survey of Wat’s Dyke (which Fox conducted between 1925 and 1931) with Fox’s theories of highland and lowland cultures. Collingwood ponders the ‘question whether the curious blend of poetry and practicality that makes up the historical character of the English people from the middle ages may not be a cross between the poetic, idealistic and somewhat slow minded Celt, who couldn’t in the least assimilate the lessons in efficiency that Rome tried to teach him, and the dry, tough and persevering Low German temperament of these dyke building pioneers. For me, and I judge from your Personality of Britain for you too, it is this modern England that is the problem we archaeologists are trying to explain. This new paper of yours adds another quite important chunk of evidence towards the way in which the problem is more and more coming to present itself, to my mind, as the question of how exactly Celt and Germanic strains contributed to the final result.’ Publication: cited and discussed in Charles Scott-Fox, Cyril Fox, Archaeologist Extraordinary, with a Preface by Christopher Chippendale, Oxbow Books, Oxford, 2002, p.137. (1) Fox, Sir Cyril, 1882–1967, Keeper of Archaeology of the National Museum of Wales 1926–48, and archaeologist of Roman Britain whose work Collingwood admired. For discussion of Fox and Collingwood, particularly Collingwood’s coining of the expression, ‘Fox’s law’, see V p.335, and p.423 fn.108. The work by Fox referred to in

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G GARRETT, F. C. Gar1  To: Garrett, F. C. Colonel (1) Date: 31 October 1924 Location: Bodleian Library, Oxford Reference: MS. Eng. C. 7284 fol. 25 Subject matter: Collingwood responds to a query from Garrett regarding the Roman sentry system and how it may have been adapted to the Roman Wall. Publication: unpublished, but listed in ‘Further Letters of R. G. Collingwood’, Collingwood and British Idealism Studies, Vol. 11, No. 1, Spring, 2005, pp.111–12. (1) Lt. Colonel Frederick Charles Garrett served with 3rd Volunteer Battalion, Northumberland Fusiliers (2nd/Lt 31/4/1900; Captain, date not known), leaving the Volunteer Force after the Boer War. He was promoted to Major on 9/9/1914 and to Lt-Colonel, 30/10/1914, serving with the 1/2nd Northumberland Cyclist’s Battalion. He received the Silver War Badge and OBE, leaving the Army in late 1917/early 1918. Up to 1935 he lived at West Croft, Elvaston Road, Hexham. [We are greatly indebted to Major T. L. Craze, Royal Signals, retired, of the Royal Green Jackets Museum, Winchester for providing this information.] From 1923 Garrett was a member of the Newcastle upon Tyne Society of Antiquaries, and in 1921 he was one of the assistants to the editor of The Vasculum, The North Country Quarterly of Science and Local History. It may have been this connection that prompted Garrett to write to Collingwood with his query since Collingwood’s important revisionary article on Hadrian’s Wall, in which the sentry system is mentioned, appeared in The Vasculum, 8, 1921, pp.4–9. Collingwood refers further to the question in his Roman Britain, Oxford University Press, London, 1923, p.30. For a general discussion of the importance of Collingwood’s writings on the problem of the Wall, see W. J. Van der Dussen, History as a Science, The Philosophy of R. G. Collingwood, M. Nijhoff, The Hague, 1981, pp.225–41. Collingwood had later personal experience of the peacetime perils of cycling, see his letter to the Clarendon Press 28 February 1934, and Willmoore Kendal’s confirmation of this incident in Oxford Years: The Letters of Willmoore Kendal to His Father, edited by Yvona Kendall Mason, Intercollegiate Studies Institute, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, 1993, p.334 [letter dated 5 March 1934]. GILPATRIC, CHADBOURNE Gil1  To: Gilpatric, Chadbourne (1) Date: 1 November 1939 Location: private possession

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Reference:— Subject matter: News from Oxford concerning members of the crew of the yacht, Fleur de Lys, with whom, under Gilpatric’s captaincy, Collingwood sailed to the Greek Islands in the summer months of 1939; reference to his lectures on metaphysics; plans for a new yacht. Publication: Published in part in Peter Johnson, A Philosopher and Appeasement, R. G. Collingwood and the Second World War, A Philosopher at War, Volume Two, Imprint Academic, Exeter, 2013, 141–3. (1) Gilpatric, Chadbourne, 1914–89. Harvard graduate, Rhodes Scholar at Balliol College, Oxford, distinguished war service with the OSS, Associate Director of Humanities and Social Sciences, Rockefeller Foundation 1949–72. Gilpatric is the young man in the chapter of that name in R. G. Collingwood, The First Mate’s Log of a Voyage to Greece in the Schooner Yacht Fleur de Lys in 1939, Oxford University Press, London, 1940; for identification of the crew, see Peter Johnson’s Introduction to the modern reprint of The First Mate’s Log, Thoemmes Press, Bristol, 1994, p.x; for some memories of the cruise by another member of the crew, see Robin McCurdy, Past Imperfect, The Book Guild Ltd., Lewes, East Sussex, 2003, pp.88–91, McCurdy was the Ship’s Doctor; for the cruise generally, see Inglis, op. cit., pp.270– 82. Gilpatric studied philosophy at Harvard before going to Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar in 1938. From January 1939 he attended Collingwood’s lectures on the philosophy of art. Gilpatric continued to see Collingwood in Oxford after the cruise where he heard much about his opposition to appeasement. As strongly antiNazi and anti-Fascist Gilpatric was concerned about the American Government’s non-­interventionist stance and, in fact, decided to return to America in the autumn of 1939. It was during the winter of 1939/40 that the correspondence took place. Gil2  To: Gilpatric, Chadbourne Date: 17 February 1940 Location: private possession Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood refers to his recent illness, bronchitis; news of those members of the crew of the Fleur de Lys remaining in Oxford; reference to a German yacht taken as a prize; work on The New Leviathan; revision of views put forward in An Autobiography; publication plans; possibility of visiting America; problems in studying Kant; hopes for the future. Publication: As above GORDON, GEORGE STUART Gor1  To: Gordon, G. S. [Vice-Chancellor, University of Oxford] (1) Date: undated Location: Clarendon Press Archives Reference: 814244 [copy, whereabouts of the original unknown] Subject matter: Collingwood writes to the Vice-Chancellor on business arising out of his resignation of his Chair, and the appointment of R. P. Wright as his successor to complete the work on Roman Inscriptions.

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Publication: unpublished (1) Gordon, G. S., 1881–1942. Merton Professor of English 1922–8; Professor of Poetry 1933–8; University Vice-Chancellor 1938–41; for Gordon’s life during the period of his vice-­chancellorship, see The Letters of George S. Gordon, Oxford University Press, London, 1943, pp.216–44. Gor2  To: Gordon, G. S. Date: 27 March 1941 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: further discussion of Wright’s appointment and who might supervise his work. Publication: unpublished GRAHAM, ETHEL WINIFRED Gra1  To: Graham, Ethel (1) Date: 16 June 1912 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/FLTR 0383) Subject matter: Publication: AAOW 224 (1) Graham, Ethel Winifred, 1885–1973, later Collingwood, Ethel. For information on the Graham family, see Angus Graham, Skipness, Memories of a Highland Estate, Canongate Academic, Edinburgh, 1993. THE GUARDIAN Gua1  To: The Editor, The Manchester Guardian Date: 18 January 1938 Location: whereabouts of original unknown Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood writing in his capacity as President of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society and his fellow signatories [the Lords Lieutenant of Cumberland and Westmorland and Brigadier-General G. Hyde Harrison, Colonel the Border Regiment], appeal for contributions for an Armorial in the Norman Keep of Carlisle Castle to commemorate the role of Border families in Border history. Publication: The Manchester Guardian 18 January 1938 [see the discussion in Stephen Leach, ‘Buried Romance, Articles and Letters by R. G. Collingwood in the National Press’, Collingwood and British Idealism Studies, Volume 17, No. 2, 2011, p.185]. H HAVERFIELD BEQUEST COMMITTEE Hav1  To: Haverfield Bequest Committee (1) Date: October 1923

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Location: Haverfield Bequest Committee, Oxford Institute of Archaeology Reference:— Subject matter: co-­authored with J.G.C. Anderson. Description of plan for Roman Inscriptions of Britain. Publication: Unpublished (1) The Haverfield Bequest Committee was set up under the terms of F.J. Haverfield’s will following his death in 1919. HAWKES, CHRISTOPHER Haw1  To: Hawkes, Christopher (1) Date: 14 June 1930 Location: The Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents Reference:— Subject matter: technical discussion of Roman inscriptions. Publication: unpublished (1) Hawkes, Christopher 1905–92. Professor of European pre-History at Oxford 1946–72 Haw2  To: Hawkes, Christopher Date: 27 March 1941 Location: Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood reports on his health and well-­being since leaving Oxford. He writes, ‘It is three years since the superincumbent sword of Damocles became clearly visible, and here I am driving a pen, though not well: driving it better as the weeks progress, and going for longer walks.’ Publication: published in full in Diana Bonakis Webster, Hawkeseye, The Early Life of Christopher Hawkes, Alan Sutton, Stroud, 1991, p.149. HOME, GORDON Hom1  To: Home, Major Gordon (1) Date: 17 September 1927 Location: Bodleian Library, Oxford Reference: MS. Eng. C. 3337. fols. 38–9 Subject matter: Collingwood thanks Home for sending him a drawing of an inscription from Canterbury. Publication: unpublished (1) Major Gordon Cochrane Home, 1878–1969. English landscape writer, artist and illustrator, served in the RASC 1914–20 in France and North Africa. Hom2  To: Home, Major Gordon Date: 24 September 1933 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood writes to thank Home for the drawing of Tingad

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(a Roman city in North Africa). He writes, ‘The drawing is a delight, and I am extremely glad to have it. It gives exactly the feeling of that sun falling on the grey stone and the brown landscape, and hitting them both like a hammer. I have never been to Tingad, but I know much the same thing in Spain. I shall prize the drawing both for what it is in itself and also as a symbol of one of the nicest things that ever happened to me.’ Publication: unpublished HOPKINSON, H. T. (‘TOM’) Hop1  To: Hopkinson, H. T. (1) Date: 19 August 1931 Location: private possession Reference: Collingwood/Hopkinson Subject matter: comment on the manuscript of Hopkinson’s second novel, many aesthetic and literary references, discussion of contemporary attitudes to publishing fiction. Collingwood writes, ‘You see, theoretically, a piece of writing is a piece of writing, & its subject-­matter makes no difference to its merits: but the public doesn’t look at things that way, and just as the reviewers were shocked by Jude the Obscure because Jude wasn’t married to Sue, so the publishers (if I can guess their feelings) are shocked by your book because it says that people live not on the merits of their goods but on the success of their advertising.’ Publication: unpublished (1) Hopkinson, H. T., 1905–90. Hopkinson was a student of Collingwood at Oxford, 1925–7. He became editor of Picture Post, later a university teacher. Works include a number of novels, e.g. A Wise Man Foolish, 1930; A Strong Hand at the Helm, 1933; The Man Below, 1939, and an autobiography, Of This Our Time: A Journalist’s Story, 1905–1950, London, 1982, in which he recounts his memories of Collingwood; see also the obituary in The Times, 22 June 1990. Hop2  To: Hopkinson, H. T. Date: 5 May 1939 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: reference to illness – severe stroke, experience of a Channel gale in his yacht, Zenocrate, voyage to Dutch East Indies, criticism of Chamberlain – Collingwood writes, ‘When I went away I thought England under Chamberlain would be intolerable, but I find myself tolerating some things – apple-­blossom, and cuckoos.’ Publication: unpublished but cited and discussed in David Boucher, The Social and Political Thought of R. G. Collingwood, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1989, p.67 Hop3  To: Hopkinson, H. T. Date: 9 May 1939 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: further comments on Hopkinson’s work; psychology and personal

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responsibility; criticism of appeasement; correction of The Times report of 3 June 1938 of his experience in coming through the Channel gale [see Hop2]. Collingwood writes, ‘My Zenocrate (the divine Zenocrate) is a 4 tonner, Thames, 1.98 registered, designed by Harrison Butler and a great boat. The newspaper story [see The Times, 3 June 1938] of her battle of the First of June was a pack of lies. The facts were that I ran her into that gale (which recorded 88 M.P.H. at Calshot) while beating for Dover, after drifting in the morning round the North Foreland; I didn’t see what it was going to be like, and continued to beat for Dover; after two hours of rising gale it was rather rough out there, off the South Foreland and half-­way over to France, and I decided to run for the Downs. Acting under Guidance: because next day Dover harbour was a shambles they tell me. Yachts drifted from end to end of it, and then got what was coming to them against the E. Pier! Z. behaved divinely, took like a duck and never shipped a drop, only a very little spray. At dark I took the mainsail off her without cutting my halyard, and ran before it under jib until, at midnight, I had the lights of Deal abeam; and there I anchored. At dawn I was abreast of the Deal lifeboat station; tide ebbing, lifeboat crew standing to and waiting for a distress signal from me. I was quite happy, anchor holding nicely, gale blowing ditto. Motorboat with longshore men came out and told me I was anchored too close in, and that the sea would break where I was anchored by 8 A.M. So I let them tow me to what they considered a safe anchorage, the other side of Deal pier, and put me ashore (I had lost my dinghy of course) to go to bed in a pub.’ See Inglis, op. cit., p.238 for further discussion. Publication: unpublished Hop4  To: Hopkinson, H. T. Date: 21 January 1940 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: personal matters; reference to the German Invasion of Austria; says he has returned final proofs of An Essay on Metaphysics and The First Mates Log to his publishers, encloses a photograph of himself steering the Fleur de Lys into Naples harbour. Publication: unpublished Hop5  To: Hopkinson, H. T. Date: 26 January 1940 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: on photographic matters. Publication: unpublished Hop6  To: Hopkinson, H. T. Date: 7 May 1941 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: reference to stroke impairing his movement and ability to write,

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indicates his determination to complete The New Leviathan, admiration for Hobbes, personal matters. Collingwood writes, ‘I have, since getting settled down here in the country, turned my attention to continuing and if possible finishing a book about politics – The New Leviathan I call it because nobody since Hobbes has had a perfectly hard-­boiled attitude to politics, and by recovering that Hobbesian attitude one can make sense even of the politics that is going about in the world now. I have got the thing, since the war began, about 2/3 written and may possibly finish it.’ Publication: unpublished HOUGH, CHARLES Hou1  To: Hough, C. (1) Date: c1929 Location: Armitt Library Reference:— Subject matter: ownership of the Armitt Museum Roman collection. Publication: unpublished, but cited and discussed in Jay, op. cit. p.28. (1) Hough, C., 1855–1933, at that time Chairman of the Armitt Library; for further information, see Jay, op. cit., especially p.32 where there is a photograph. Hou2  To: Hough, C. Date: c June 1930 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: preparations for the housing of the Armitt Museum’s Roman collection; Collingwood’s ill-­health. Publication: unpublished, but cited and discussed in Jay, op. cit. p.29. Hou3  To: Hough, C. Date: c July 1930 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: detailed instructions regarding the organisation of the Roman room. Publication: as above HUGHES, REV. ERNEST RICHARD Hug1  To: Hughes, E. R. (1) Date: 8 December 1939 Location: Bodleian Library, Oxford Reference: MS. Eng. misc. c. 516, Fols 38–9 (SC44130) Subject matter: response to Hughes’ request that Collingwood serve on the China– Oxford committee – a national organisation founded as a result of the Japanese invasion of China in 1937; stress on union of philosophy and history; decline of European thought; Collingwood’s admiration for Chinese thought and culture. Collingwood writes, ‘I don’t set my face against serving on the China-Oxford Committee, so to call it. I expressed myself badly. My point was not the negative one

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but the positive one; that whatever the Committee does or does not do, I personally undertake to teach everything I know to every Chinese student of philosophy who comes to me to learn, no matter how much time it takes.’ Publication: unpublished, but cited in Boucher, op. cit., pp.50 and 60; Taylor 1.183, Burchnall lb1. (1) Hughes, Rev. E. R., 1883–1956. Reader in Chinese Religion and Philosophy University of Oxford, 1934–47; for an Obituary see The Times 13 November 1956, with an appreciation by Dr Joseph Needham; his publications include The Invasion of China by the Western World, 1937, Chinese Philosophy in Classical Times, 1942, and (with K. Hughes), Religion in China, 1950. J JOACHIM, HAROLD HENRY (Mrs) Joa1  To: Joachim, H. H. (Mrs) (1) Date: 3 August 1938 Location: New College, Oxford Reference: H. H. Joachim Papers Subject matter: letter of condolence to Mrs Joachim on the death of her husband. Collingwood writes from his yacht, Zenocrate, while sailing in the Channel. He praises Joachim, saying that he was ‘the perfect pattern of what a philosopher should be; the one man whom I should wish to be like if I could . . .’ Publication: unpublished (1) Joachim, H. H. (Mrs), married the Oxford philosopher, H. H. Joachim in 1907. He was Wykeham Professor of Logic at the University of Oxford from 1919 to 1935. Among his publications are A Study of the Ethics of Spinoza, 1901 and The Nature of Truth, 1906, as well as a number of posthumously published works. For further biographical information, see the obituary of Joachim by H. W. B. Joseph, Proceedings of the British Academy, Vol. XXIV, 1938, pp.396–422. Collingwood helped prepare a second edition of The Nature of Truth, see Preface, pp.iv–v which was published in 1939; see Collingwood’s references to Joachim in An Autobiography, pp.18 and 36. JOSEPH, HORACE WILLIAM BRINDLEY Jos1  To: Joseph, H. W. B. (1) Date: 15 July 1932 Location: Bodleian Library Oxford Reference: MS. Eng. lett.c.453, Fol 202 Subject matter: discussion of F. H. Bradley’s The Presuppositions of Critical History (1874) which Joseph had loaned to Collingwood; Collingwood writes, ‘I realise why Bradley never republished it: his conception of analogy as here assumed (rather than expounded) is of course, like much of the logical framework, uncritically borrowed from Mill and must have become intolerable to Bradley after he arrived at the position of his Logic. But all the same it is a very great work, as great in its way as anything he ever wrote; and it not only explains (as it seems to me) much that is obscure about the origin and the meaning of his logical doctrines (e.g. the notion of

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ideal construction appears in a very different light after one has read Note A) but must stand as the most penetrating and brilliant analysis in existence of that special kind or phase of historical thought which he calls critical history . . . The whole problem is nowadays as out of date as the problem of the Leviathan; but when he wrote, nothing could have been more to the point than what he wrote. And I think one might say that his own Logic, by destroying the logical basis of the dilemma on which “critical history” was impaling itself was at any rate a great part of what made possible the new phase of history which is going on nowadays. In any case it is very interesting to see how the destruction of Mill’s system came about, not by a fresh analysis of scientific thinking, but by reflexion on historical thinking and its relation to scientific. I don’t know if this is generally known, as a point in the genesis of “Oxford Idealism” – no one has ever said it to me or written it in anything I have read.’ Publication: unpublished (1) Joseph, H. W. B., 1867–1943. Joseph was Fellow of New College, Oxford, 1899–1932. Among his publications in philosophy are Introduction to Logic, 1906 and Some Problems in Ethics, 1931. For further biographical information, see his Obituary, Proceedings of the British Academy, Vol. XXXI, 1945, pp.375–98; Joseph had the reputation of being a ferocious, not to say destructive, teacher of philosophy. For Collingwood’s opinion, see An Autobiography, pp.20–1, 84. K KENDALL, WILLMOORE Ken1  To: Kendall, W. (1) Date: 15 January 1934 Location: Kendall Collection Reference: Collingwood/Kendall Subject matter: arrangements for a tutorial – suggested reading for an essay on utilitarianism. Publication: unpublished, but cited and discussed in James Patrick, The Magdalen Metaphysicals, Mercer University Press, Mercer, 1985, p.154f. (1) Kendall, W, 1909–67. Kendall was a student at Oxford from 1932 to 1935. Collingwood was his tutor and was a major influence on Kendall’s thought, especially in political philosophy. For further discussion, see Nellie D. Kendall (ed.) Willmoore Kendall Contra Mundum, New Rochelle NY 1971, which also contains a bibliography, and Yvonna Kendall Mason (ed.), Oxford Years, the Letters of Willmoore Kendall to his Father, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania: Intercollegiate Studies Institute, 1982. KNOX, T. MALCOLM Kno1  To: Knox, T. M. (1) Date: 17 October 1922 Location: Archives Department, St Andrews University Library Reference: MS 37524/401 Subject matter: brief note regarding times of meetings.

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Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.195. (1) Knox, T M., 1900–1980. Knox was one of Collingwood’s students and the author of a number of philosophical works, a commentator on, and translator of Hegel, and a university administrator. He was much influenced by Collingwood’s writing, most notably An Essay on Philosophical Method, 1933; he edited two of Collingwood‘s books for posthumous publication, The Idea of History, Oxford 1946 and The Idea of Nature, Oxford 1945 and, on the basis of the material available to him, was the author of a much contested interpretation of the development of Collingwood’s thought. Kno2  To: Knox, T. M. Date: 15 June 1923 Location: as above Reference: MS 37524/402 Subject matter: Collingwood’s admiration of Knox, agrees to write references for him. Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.195. Kno3  To: Knox, T. M. Date: 12 September 1923 Location: as above Reference: MS 37524/403 Subject matter: on the nature of philosophy, teaching philosophy and the professional philosopher. Collingwood writes, – ‘Real philosophy is born when a man actively engaged in something that is not called philosophy (say religion or art or law or history) suddenly finds that the intensity of his own activity has fused the whole rich mass of material on which he is engaged to incandescence, so that it breaks out in a blaze of light.’ Publication: unpublished, but there is a summary in Taylor, p.94. Kno4  To: Knox, T. M. Date: 4 November 1923 Location: as above Reference: MS 37524/404 Subject matter: encouragement given to Knox to continue with metaphysics; problems with indexing Speculum Mentis – Knox offers his services. Publication: unpublished, but cited Taylor, p.94. Kno5  To: Knox, T. M. Date: 6 February 1924 Location: as above Reference: MS 37524/405 Subject matter: continuation of discussion of indexing Speculum Mentis referred to in Kno4. Publication: unpublished, but cited Taylor, p.94.

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Kno6  To: Knox, T. M. Date: 12 March 1924 Location: as above Reference: MS 37524/406 Subject matter: vacancies in teaching philosophy; references to the philosophers J. L. Stocks and J. D. Mabbott. Publication: unpublished Kno7  To: Knox, T. M. Date: 23 March 1924 Location: as above Reference: MS37524/407 Subject matter: further discussion of indexing Speculum Mentis, Collingwood provides sources for quotations; Collingwood’s visit to Avignon. Publication: unpublished but cited in Taylor, p.94. Kno8  To: Knox, T. M. Date: 31 October 1928 Location: as above Reference: MS 37524/408 Subject matter: arrangements for meetings, addresses to philosophy societies; Collingwood in Cambridge. Publication: unpublished Kno9  To: Knox, T. M. Date: 4 November 1928 Location: as above Reference: MS 37524/409 Subject matter: arrangements for Knox’s visit. Publication: unpublished Kno10  To: Knox, T. M. Date: 12 May 1931 Location: as above Reference: MS 37524/410 Subject matter: reference to Collingwood’s having suffered a serious illness. Publication: unpublished Kno11  To: Knox, T. M. Date: 14 June 1931 Location: as above Reference: MS 37524/411 Subject matter: on teaching philosophy; personal and professional advancement in philosophy. Publication: unpublished

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Kno12  To: Knox, T. M. Date: 19 June 1931 Location: as above Reference: MS 37524/412 Subject matter: further discussion of philosophy vacancies; Collingwood’s health difficulties, but ‘I do not intend a completely idle summer’. Publication: unpublished Kno13  To: Knox, T. M. Date: 24 June 1931 Location: as above Reference: MS 37524/413 Subject matter: discussion of teaching experience in philosophy. Publication: unpublished Kno14  To: Knox, T. M. Date: 16 August 1931 Location: as above Reference: MS 37524/414 Subject matter: discussion of Plato on professional educators and experience of the world. Publication: unpublished Kno15  To: Knox, T. M. Date: 17 February 1932 Location: as above Reference: MS 37524/415 Subject matter: written from Palermo, discussion of relation between Greek art and thought – Knox notes in pencil on this letter that he derived a whole lecture course from it. Publication: unpublished, but summarised in Taylor, p.94. Kno16  To: Knox, T. M. Date: 3 May 1932 Location: as above Reference: MS 37524/416 Subject matter: miscellaneous arrangements. Publication: unpublished Kno17  To: Knox, T. M. Date: 3 November 1932 Location: as above Reference: MS 37524/417 Subject matter: family matters, illness, lectures. Publication: unpublished

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Kno18  To: Knox, T. M. Date: 17 April 1934 Location: as above Reference: MS 37524/418 Subject matter: Knox standing in for Collingwood’s teaching because of his bicycle accident – Collingwood’s general health is poor; work on metaphysics. Publication: unpublished, but summarised in Taylor, pp.94–5. Kno19  To: Knox, T. M. Date: 10 April 1935 Location: as above Reference: MS 37524/419 Subject matter: discusses Knox moving from Oxford to St Andrews Publication: unpublished Kno20  To: Knox, T. M. Date: 11 November 1936 Location: as above Reference: MS 37524/420 Subject matter: the relation between philosophy and history, Collingwood says his intention was not to collapse the former into the latter; discussion of pure metaphysics as prior both to philosophy of spirit and philosophy of nature. Collingwood writes, ‘You apprehend, on my new doctrine a total swallowing of Philosophy by her hungry and jealous sister History. That was not my intention. It is my belief that Philosophy (I will go further and say Metaphysics) as the science of the One, or the Good, or the Real, is both possible and necessary, and that it cannot be resolved into the history of itself except by a vicious circle: though at the same time it cannot be studied without studying the history of itself, to determine which of its problems mainly concern us here, and now, which have been tolerably well settled, and which are as yet unripe for discussion.’ Publication: unpublished, but summarised by Taylor, p.95. Kno21  To: Knox, T. M. Date: 2 November 1937 Location: as above Reference: MS 37524/421 Subject matter: Collingwood rejects any distinction between theory and practice; corruption of the moral and political will, attack on ‘pseudo-­philosophy’. Publication: summarised in Taylor, p.95. Extract published in R. G. Collingwood, Essays in Political Philosophy, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1989, ed. D. Boucher, Appendix Two, p.232. Kno22  To: Knox, T. M. Date: 23 February 1938 Location: as above Reference: MS 37524/422

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Subject matter: refers to another stroke, destruction of manuscripts he has not authorised for publication, regards Knox as an appropriate person to deal with his literary and philosophical papers. Publication: unpublished, but summarised in Taylor, p.95. Kno23  To: Knox, T. M. Date: 17 March 1938 Location: as above Reference: MS 37524/423 Subject matter: reference to receiving an honorary degree from St Andrews; purchase of small sailing yacht, hoping to travel abroad. Publication: unpublished Kno24  To: Knox, T. M. Date: 28 March 1938 Location: as above Reference: MS 37524/424 Subject matter: travelling, personal matters. Publication: unpublished Kno25  To: Knox, T. M. Date: 21 September 1938 Location: as above Reference: MS 37524/425 Subject matter: visit to St Andrews for degree ceremony; travel arrangements for trip to East Indies; writing autobiography – on the advice of his doctor. Publication: unpublished, but summarised in Taylor, p.96. Kno26  To: Knox, T. M. Date: 30 September 1938 Location: as above Reference: MS 37524/426 Subject matter: plans if war breaks out. Publication: unpublished Kno27  To: Knox, T. M. Date: 18 October 1938 Location: as above Reference: MS 37524/427 Subject matter: voyage to Java, intention to write a book on metaphysics. Publication: unpublished Kno28  To: Knox, T. M. Date: 25 November 1938 Location: as above

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Reference: MS 37524/428 Subject matter: from Batavia – description of voyage – working on metaphysics manuscript. Publication: unpublished Kno29  To: Knox, T. M. Date: 3 September 1939 Location: as above Reference: MS 37524/429 Subject matter: describes Knox as ‘my only real pupil’; return from a cruise to the Greek Islands; speculation about current political situation – outcome of war with Germany. Collingwood writes, ‘Nazi Germany is doomed in any case. As for our own country, what I fear is not a military defeat – I do not think that we shall be defeated by Germany alone, and in any case a defeat in the field would not be the worst thing that could happen to us – but the loss of our national soul.’ Publication: summarised in Taylor, p.96. Extract published in R. G. Collingwood, Essays in Political Philosophy, op. cit., p.233. Kno30  To: Knox, T. M. Date: 6 January 1940 Location: as above Reference: MS 37524/430 Subject matter: Oxford in wartime, liberal ideas – strength of will in politics; work on The New Leviathan, Collingwood writes, ‘For it seems to me that we are engaged in a war of ideas, and that under the disadvantage of having lost the initiative. Nazi ideas have the explosive force of novelty: what we call ‘democratic’ ideas are old and stale, and – silent inter arma leges – likely to become absolutely decrepit in war conditions, whose effect might easily be the intellectual bankruptcy of our own side, even (perhaps I should say especially) in the event of military victory. People like you and me have a clear duty to prevent this if it can be prevented; and to diminish the evil effects if it can’t. Accordingly, as my audiences shrink [Collingwood was lecturing on moral philosophy while H. J. Paton was away from Oxford on war service]. I mean to spend more and more of my time on a new book which I began a few weeks ago, in which the idea of a ‘free’ or ‘civilized’ society shall be expounded ab initio and developed dialectically by counter-­ attacking the Nazi attack on it. Greatly daring (for I doubt my power to bend the bow of Ulysses) I shall call it The New Leviathan.’ Collingwood refers to the First Mate’s Log; discussion of the philosophers J. A. Smith and E. F. Carritt and the reception of Hegel; encouragement to Knox to press ahead with his translation of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right. Publication: summarised in Taylor, p.94. Extract published in R. G. Collingwood, Essays in Political Philosophy, op. cit., pp.233–4. Kno31  To: Knox, T. M. Date: 17 January 1940 Location: as above Reference: MS 37524/431

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Subject matter: a postcard – pleased that Knox will send his Hegel translation for publication. Publication: unpublished L LAST, HUGH MACILWAIN Las1  To: Last, H. (1) Date: 20 October 1938 Location: Clarendon Press Archives Reference: 814244 [copy, whereabouts of the original unknown] Subject matter: discussion of R. P. Wright as Collingwood’s successor in completing his work on Roman Inscriptions. Publication: unpublished (1) Last, H. M., 1894–1957. Camden Professor of Ancient History, University of Oxford, 1936–48; Principal of Brasenose College, Oxford, 1948–56; author of a number of works on Roman history and legal system; for a discussion of his activities as a Delegate of the University Press, see Peter Sutcliffe, The Oxford University Press: An Informal History, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1978, pp.233–8. Las2  To: Last, H. Date: 21 April 1939 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: financial terms of Wright’s appointment. Publication: unpublished LEEDS, EDWARD THURLOW Lee1  To: Leeds, E. T. (1) Date: 11 August 1937 Location: E. T. Leeds Archive, Ashmolean Museum Reference: ETL/1/CO/2/3 Subject matter: Archaeological matters Publication: unpublished (1) Leeds, E. T., 1877–1955. Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum, 1928–45 and author of a number of works on Anglo-Saxon England. Lee2  To: Leeds, E. T. Date: 1 May 1938 Location: Sackler Library, Oxford Reference: 1938–245–261, 362 Subject matter: Collingwood’s offer to the museum of his lantern slides of Roman Britain; a number of Greek vases, Cyprian pottery once in John Ruskin’s collection; a selection of water-colour paintings by Collingwood’s grandfather, William Collingwood, and an assortment of various antiquities. Collingwood itemises these as his lantern

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slides of Roman and pre-­historic Britain; a collection of Greek vases which, he says, ‘have been in my family for half a century or more: they were sent, smuggled out of Greece in a case of currants, by a relative of mine who was a currant and wine merchant at Patras’; a Greek gem, ‘probably has the same origin as (2)’; a Greek spindle-­whorl ‘picked up by myself at Aegina in 1932’; a collection of Cyprian pottery previously owned by Ruskin; water-­colour drawings by William Collingwood, ‘he was educated in Oxford; though, owing to the Test Act, not at the university’. Publication: unpublished LEFTWICH Lef1  To: Leftwich (1) Date: 15 July 1936 Location: Bodleian Library, Oxford Reference: Ms. Eng. let. 100. Fol 81 (SC41832) Subject matter: query regarding the restoration of Roman remains in London, Collingwood refers Leftwich to his Roman Britain. Publication: unpublished, Burchnall l b 1. (1) It has not been possible to trace this correspondent. LINDSAY, ALEXANDER DUNLOP Lin1  To: Lindsay A. D. (1) Date: 20 October 1938 Location: Lindsay Papers, Keele University Library Reference: Lindsay Papers Subject matter: Collingwood’s intention to visit the East Indies; convalescence, support for A. D. Lindsay’s candidature in the Oxford by-­election of 1938 in which Lindsay stood as an anti-­appeasement candidate, political matters. Collingwood writes, ‘I do not think that the country has ever in all its history passed through a graver crisis than that in which it is now involved. I am appalled by the apathy with which our situation is regarded by a great many of us, and by the success which the Government has had in keeping the country as a whole from knowing the truth. Your candidature shows that the spirit of English democracy is not extinct. I hope that it still survives among those who will have to vote next week.’ Publication: unpublished, but quoted and discussed in Drusilla Scott, A. D. Lindsay: A Biography, Oxford, 1971, p.251; this also contains a detailed discussion of the campaign and the election itself see pp.241–56. For further discussion, see Peter Johnson, A Philosopher and Appeasement, R. G. Collingwood and the Second World War, Volume 2 of A Philosopher at War, Imprint Academic, Exeter, 2013. (1) Lindsay, A. D., 1879–1952. Lindsay was a prolific author of works in Christian theology and social theory. An educational and political philosopher he was Master of Balliol College, Oxford, 1924–49. His publications include The Essentials of Democracy, London 1929 and Religion, Science and Society in the Modern World, Oxford 1943. In a letter to Peter Johnson dated 5 February 1974 Lady Scott makes her father’s admiration for Collingwood absolutely clear. For further discussion, see Scott, op. cit.

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LOWENFELD, MARGARET Low1  To: Lowenfeld, M. (1) Date: 19 May 1937 Location: Wellcome Library, Special Collections PP/LOW/I/6 Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood’s response to a paper given by Lowenfeld in Manchester at the annual meeting of the British Psychological Society, 18 April 1937; the paper is entitled, ‘A Thesis Concerning the Fundamental Structure of the Mento-Emotional Processes in Children’ [for publication details see below]; Collingwood congratulates Lowenfeld and in a postscript comments on her account of ‘reality’ and gives some views of his own: ‘I am really very much worried about the point I have raised on p.27. We all know what kind of world it is to which you refer as the reality (or objective reality) world. But what is exactly its title to the name reality? I am haunted by a suspicion that it has none except the fact that adult members of modern European society (or rather, the “educated classes” of that society) are agreed to treat it as real: that (in other words) it is the conventional world of a particular historically determined culture. It is not the world of adult human beings as such: not, e.g., of modern Indians or (educated) medieval Europeans. This doubt in my mind leads me to wonder whether such words as phantasy (p.30, middle) aren’t quite non-­ scientific terms, indicating merely our wish to ignore these (perfectly real) features of experience which we can’t fit into our conventional scheme.’ Publication: published in Cathy Urwin and John Hood-Williams, Child Psychotherapy, War and the Normal Child, Selected Papers of Margaret Lowenfeld, Free Association Books, London, 1988, pp.242–3. (1) Lowenfeld, M., 1890–1973. Influential child psychotherapist and leading authority on the treatment of emotionally disturbed children; the paper referred to above appears in Urwin and Hood-Williams, op. cit., pp.247–64; for biographical information on Lowenfeld, and her relationship with Collingwood, see Urwin and Hood-Williams, passim; Collingwood mentions Lowenfeld’s work in his Principles of Art, Oxford, 1938 p.80. nl. LYNAM, A. E. Lyn1  To: Lynam, A. E. (1) Date: 27 October 1938 Location: whereabouts of the original letter unknown, but it was received by A. E. Lynam on 5 November 1938, and published below. Printed copies of Collingwood’s letter were distributed to the School. Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood was a fellow passenger with C. C. Lynam on board the M. V. Alcinous, Collingwood travelling to the Dutch East Indies, Lynam onwards to Australia, when Lynam died of a heart condition. Collingwood writes to A. E. Lynam describing his brother’s life on board, his last days and his burial at sea. Publication: published in The Skipper, A Memoir of C. C. Lynam 1858–1938, The Dragon School, Oxford, 1940, pp.89–92; C. H. Jaques, A Dragon Century, pp.142–4; see also Inglis, op. cit., p.251. (1) A. E. Lynam succeeded his brother as Headmaster of the Dragon School in 1920.

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M MACDONALD, JAMES RAMSAY, PRIME MINISTER 1929–31 Macd1  To: The Prime Minister Date: 23 April 1930 Location: whereabouts of original unknown Reference: Cumberland Evening News 24 April 1930. Subject matter: Collingwood (together with the Chairman of the meeting held at the Crown and Mitre Hotel, Carlyle on Wednesday, 23 April 1930, H. S. Cowper) is writing on behalf of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society on the subject of quarrying as a threat to the integrity of Hadrian’s Wall. The letter says that the Society ‘view with the gravest concern the proposal to start extensive quarrying operations in the immediate neighbourhood of its best preserved and most interesting part. Even if, as their promoters assure us, these operations stop short of the wall itself, they cannot fail to destroy parts of the Vallum and the Military Way, which are integral elements in the great Roman frontier works. Moreover, highly though we value the assurance that the Wall itself will be spared, we cannot think it desirable that so important a monument should depend for its existence on the personal and not unalterable wishes of the persons who possess or lease the mineral rights of the land on which it stands. The society therefore would urge the Government to stay, by any action possible, any developments so detrimental to this unique site which depends for its educational and historical value not on the Wall alone, but on the whole complex of works in their topographical setting.’ The letter was also sent to the Leader of the Opposition and to the Press. MACMILLAN AND COMPANY Mac1  To: Macmillan and Company (1) Date: 13 July 1916 Location: British Library, London Reference: Add MSS 55270 Subject matter: offers Macmillan a 75,000 word manuscript on philosophy of religion; refers to his essay in Concerning Prayer, regrets he is unable to call in person because of Government work. Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.186; Dreisbach 5.19. (1) Collingwood’s early work was published by Macmillan, e.g. ‘The Devil’ in B. H. Streeter and Lily Dougall [editors], Concerning Prayer, Macmillan, London, 1916, pp.449–75 and Religion and Philosophy, Macmillan, London, 1916. Mac2  To: Macmillan and Company Date: 30 July 1916 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: sends manuscript on philosophy of religion for consideration. Publication: unpublished; as above.

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Mac3  To: Macmillan and Company Date: 12 August 1916 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: agrees terms for the publication of manuscript to be entitled ‘Religion and Philosophy’; no further need to revise manuscript. Publication: unpublished; as above. Mac4  To: Macmillan and Company Date: 15 August 1916 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: returns agreement, copyright queries regarding Francis Thompson’s New Poems. Publication: unpublished; as above. Mac5  To: Macmillan and Company Date: 19 November 1916 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: queries regarding price and binding; heavily involved in Admiralty work. Publication: unpublished; as above. Mac6  To: Macmillan and Company Date: 8 January 1918 Location: as above Reference: Add MSS 55271 Subject matter: refers to poor sales figures for Religion and Philosophy (1916); offers Macmillan manuscript (70,000 words) called ‘Truth and Contradiction’ which contains discussion of philosophy, politics, art and music. Publication: unpublished; as above. Mac7  To: Macmillan and Company Date: 6 February 1918 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: sends ‘Truth and Contradiction’ – wishes it to be published uniform with Religion and Philosophy. Publication: unpublished; as above. Henry Jones’ reader’s report is published in R. G. Collingwood, Essays in Political Philosophy, op. cit., pp.230–1. Mac8  To: Macmillan and Company Date: 15 March 1920 Location: as above

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Reference: add MSS 55272 Subject matter: agreement to prepare a new translation of Croce’s Aesthetic, originally translated by Douglas Ainslie. Publication: unpublished; as above. Mac9  To: Macmillan and Company Date: 18 May 1920 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood’s conditions for retranslating the Aesthetic. Publication: unpublished; as above. Mac10  To: Macmillan and Company Date: 20 May 1920 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Macmillan agrees to Collingwood’s terms, given Ainslie’s consent. Publication: unpublished; as above. Mac11  To: Macmillan and Company Date: 10 June 1920 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood raises difficulties with Ainslie’s translation of Croce – charges Ainslie with ‘grossly misrepresenting Croce’s very fine historical review’. Publication: unpublished; as above. Mac12  To: Macmillan and Company Date: 11 June 1920 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Ainslie wants to drop the matter altogether. Publication: unpublished; as above. Mac13  To: Macmillan and Company Date: 20 November 1920 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood to examine Ainslie’s revisions to his translation. Publication: unpublished; as above. Mac14  To: Macmillan and Company Date: 25 November 1920 Location: as above

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Reference: as above Subject matter: receipt of Ainslie’s manuscript. Publication: unpublished; as above. Mac15  To: Macmillan and Company Date: 24 December 1920 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: criticisms of Ainslie’s new version. Publication: unpublished; as above. Mac16  To: Macmillan and Company Date: 24 December 1920 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: the theory section of the new translation is tolerable, but the historical section is unsatisfactory. Publication: unpublished; as above. Mac17  To: Macmillan and Company Date: 21 January 1921 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood invited to lunch. Publication: unpublished; as above. Mac18  To: Macmillan and Company Date: 8 February 1921 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: agrees to continue with retranslation of Ainslie’s manuscript over the summer. Publication: unpublished; as above. Mac19  To: Macmillan and Company Date: 10 July 1921 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: hopes to complete retranslation by early September. Publication: unpublished; as above. Mac20  To: Macmillan and Company Date: 1 September 1921 Location: as above Reference: as above

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Subject matter: sends retranslation of the History section of the Aesthetics. Publication: unpublished; as above. Mac21  To: Macmillan and Company Date: 27 September 1921 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Ainslie accepts Collingwood’s corrections; describes the work as ‘annoying and difficult’. Publication: unpublished; as above. Mac22  To: Macmillan and Company Date: 30 December 1921 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: returns corrected proofs, without index. Publication: unpublished; as above. Mac23  To: Macmillan and Company Date: 30 December 1921 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood’s reader’s comments on manuscripts by C. Walston and A. Gunn. Publication: unpublished; as above. Mac24  To: Macmillan and Company Date: 19 January 1922 Location: as above Reference: Add MSS 55273 Subject matter: receives final proofs of his re-­translation of the Aesthetics; Collingwood says ‘it will be well received by any reviewer who gets further than the title page’. Publication: unpublished; as above. Mac25  To: Macmillan and Company Date: 13 March 1922 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: contains evidence for Collingwood’s high opinion of de Ruggiero; proposal to translate his Philosophy of Christianity. Publication: unpublished; as above. Mac26  To: Macmillan and Company Date: 4 June 1922

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Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: reader’s report; proposal to Macmillan that they publish a work by Collingwood – ‘I have been at work for several years on some philosophical ideas which run a good deal counter to the views most generally accepted nowadays; and lately I have been writing a series of essays presenting some of these ideas in a simple and non-­technical form.’ Main topics to include – Realism; Sensation and Thought; History and Science; Space and Time; critical studies of contemporary writers; ‘my book on Religion and Philosophy which you published during the War was so complete a failure that I hesitate even to offer another’. Publication: unpublished; as above. Mac27  To: Macmillan and Company Date: 23 July 1922 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: reader’s comments on manuscript by C. E. Spearman. Publication: unpublished; as above. Mac28  To: Macmillan and Company Date: 16 January 1924 Location: as above Reference: Add MSS 55274 Subject matter: return of a letter from a Mr Levine. Publication: unpublished; as above Mac29  To: Macmillan and Company Date: 24 March 1926 Location: as above Reference: Add MSS 55275 Subject matter: reader’s comments on manuscripts by Sahai and Durant. Publication: unpublished; as above. Mac30  To: Macmillan and Company Date: 7 May 1926 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: reader’s comment on manuscript by Haldane. Publication: unpublished; as above. Mac31  To: Macmillan and Company Date: 28 February 1927 Location: as above Reference: Add MSS 55276 Subject matter: reader’s comments on manuscript by Dawson. Publication: unpublished; as above.

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Mac32  To: Macmillan and Company Date: 14 June 1928 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood appointed Delegate to the Clarendon Press; resigns as a reader for Macmillan. Publication: unpublished; as above Mac33  To: Macmillan and Company Date: 10 October 1931 Location: as above Reference: Add MSS 55278 Subject matter: closure of account regarding Religion and Philosophy. Publication: unpublished; as above. MANLEY, EDNA Man1  To: Manley, Edna (1) Date: 9 July 1927 Location: Brotherton Special Collections, University of Leeds Reference: BC Ms 20c Brown/3/1/3/10 Subject matter: Collingwood responds to criticisms of Speculum Mentis, explaining and amplifying his view of the book as a whole and his view of art and the artist in particular. He thanks Manley for her letter, saying that he ‘was very glad to get it’. Publication: cited and discussed in Wayne Brown, Edna Manley: The Private Years 1900–1938, Andre Deutsch, London, 1975, pp.159–60. (1) Manley, Edna, 1900–87, sculptor. Manley was studying art in London at the time of her letter and the content and tone of Collingwood’s reply reflects her concerns; for further information see Edna Manley: The Diaries, edited by Rachel Manley, Andre Deutsch, London, 1989, esp. p.233. MARGOLIOUTH, DAVID SAMUEL Mar1  To: Margoliouth, D. S. (1) Date: 20 November 1931 Location: Pembroke College, Oxford Reference:— Subject matter: request to the Board of the Faculty for leave of absence for Hilary Term, 1932 on grounds of ill-­health; discussions of stipend. Publication: unpublished (1) Margoliouth, D. S., 1858–1940. Laudian Professor of Arabic at the University of Oxford, 1889–1937. MARY Mary1  To: Mary (1) Date: undated, but written after the publication of The Principles of Art in May 1938. Location: private possession

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Reference:— Subject matter: concerns Collingwood’s responses to a number of queries raised by an undergraduate: agrees that she can attend his lectures and responds to a series of points arising out of her reading Principles of Art which are to do with responses to music and visual art, art and communication, art as magic, intellectual expression, and the emotions. At one point Collingwood says ‘ “Homage” a very good word. “We live by admiration, hope, & love,” says Wordsworth: right as usual. Homage is a degree of worship: the business of art is “what therefore ye ignorantly worship, that I declare unto you”. To learn exactly what it is you feel.’ ‘Your final question is rather a large one. “What ought we to do with our emotions?” is very like “What ought we to do with our bodies?” The answer is “everything (or very nearly everything) we do at all”. They aren’t a problem, they are an infinite variety of possibilities. I very nearly accept Aristotle’s view that they are the raw material of all moral life i.e. of all life whatever.’ Publication: unpublished (1) It has not been possible to trace this correspondent. MILES, BERNARD Mil1  To: Miles, B. (1) Date: 21 November 1937 Location: Pembroke College, Oxford Reference: Alumnus COL 92877 Subject matter: Thanks Miles for a drawing of Collingwood which Miles had sent, ‘I have stuck the drawing into my copy of Speculum Mentis as a frontispiece’ (2); refers to the annual dinner of the Philosophical Society – ‘it was my idea that, on that occasion, each member should assume the character of a Kantian category and should make his speech in praise of that category. I wrote the categories on slips and put them in sealed black envelopes, which were distributed to the diners’; reference to Principles of Art due out soon. Publication: unpublished (1) Miles, B., 1907–91. Bernard Miles [later Lord Miles] was an actor and director. He was an undergraduate at Pembroke College, Oxford from 1925 to 1927; in 1969 he was made an Honorary Fellow of the College. Miles took a keen interest in Collingwood’s writing and he owned and annotated a number of Collingwood’s books. (2) The copy of Speculum Mentis with the drawing badly stained with mould is now in Pembroke College Library. MUNRO, ISOBEL Mun1  To: Munro, Isobel (1) Date: 3 February 1932 Location: TSA Reference:— Subject matter: arrangements for meeting; personal matters. Publication: (1) Munro, Mary Isobel (later Henderson), 1906–67, Ancient Historian, Fellow and Tutor of Somerville College, Oxford.

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Mun2  To: Munro, Isobel Date: 29 February 1932 Location: TSA Reference: (TS/PLR123) Subject matter: Collingwood advises Munro about her problems at Somerville and he talks about his own experience, saying – ‘Take my case; I’m not serious about Pembroke, and never have been. I know they dislike it, they want people to appear on the touchline and at college dinners in London, and I never do. But I try to give them something else instead. I try to make the name Pembroke College familiar to scholars and philosophers all over the world, and so instead of saying “I didn’t know there was a Pembroke College at Oxford” people say “Pembroke College? Oh yes, that’s where Collingwood is.” (This sounds dreadfully conceited, but I must make a clean breast of it)! Well, it does work, and the College does set a certain value on it; they would rather, of course, I spent my time giving breakfast parties to undergraduates, but they are quite willing to take this as a second best. All it needs, on my part, is that I should see its point of view and go to work in a fair spirit of give and take; dine in College a reasonable number of nights in the week, and that sort of thing.’ Collingwood concludes by saying that this has been his attitude for the last twenty years. Publication: AAOW 385, 403 MURRAY, GILBERT Mur1  To: Murray, G. (1) Date: 9 February 1929 Location: Bodleian Library, Oxford Reference: MS. Gilbert Murray, 418, Fols. 57.60 (SC48894) Subject matter: Collingwood’s agreement to give a lecture on ancient philosophy. Publication: unpublished; for reference to Collingwood having given the lecture, see V434. (1) Murray, G., 1866–1957. Classical scholar and writer on international affairs; Regius Professor of Greek at the University of Oxford, 1908–36; among his many publications are Rise of the Greek Epic, Oxford, 1907 and Five Stages of Greek Religion, Oxford, 1912. Mur2  To: Murray, G. Date: 18 June 1929 Location: as above Reference: Fols 57.60 Subject matter: Collingwood asks for Murray’s opinion on a proposal before the Clarendon Press to publish a volume of lectures introductory to the study of GraecoRoman life and thought. Publication: unpublished N NASH-WILLIAMS, VICTOR ERLE Nas1  To: Nash-Williams, V. E. (1)

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Date: 22 November 1926 Location: National Museum of Wales Reference:— Subject matter: request to Nash-Williams to borrow slides of Caerleon for a talk Collingwood is giving in Newcastle in December. (2) Publication: unpublished (1) Nash-Williams, V. E., 1897–1955. Keeper of Archaeology in the National Museum of Wales, Lecturer in Archaeology in University College, Cardiff; his many publications in the field of Roman archaeology in Wales include The Roman Legionary Fortress at Caerleon, London, 1940 and The Roman Frontier in Wales, London, 1953. He directed many excavations at the Roman Fortress of Isca [Caerleon] including the legionary barracks. (2) R. E. Mortimer Wheeler excavated the Roman amphitheatre at Caerleon in 1926–7. It was then the largest found in Britain. The dig was sponsored by the Daily Mail. Nas2  To: Nash-Williams, V. E. Date: 25 November 1926 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood says that his lecture in Newcastle is on 13 December, and that he is to leave Oxford on 11 December; hopes that the slides will arrive in time. Publication: unpublished Nas3  To: Nash-Williams, V. E. Date: 10 December 1926 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: thanking Nash-Williams for sending 42 slides. Publication: unpublished Nas4  To: Nash-Williams, V. E. Date: 25 June 1927 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: apologises to Nash-Williams for delay in replying to his letter of 27 May; accepts the invitation from Cardiff Naturalists Society to lecture; Collingwood offers to talk on ‘Hadrian’s Wall’, or ‘Frontiers of the Roman Empire’ or ‘Civilization and Roman Britain’. Publication: unpublished Nas5  To: Nash-Williams, V. E. Date: 28 July 1927 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: suggests dates for his lecture – 12 January or 22 March. Publication: unpublished

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Nas6  To: Nash-Williams, V. E. Date: 5 January 1928 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: asks Nash-Williams what views the Museum holds on Collingwood’s proposal to study the site at Holt (Flints) and publish his results. Publication: unpublished Nas7  To: Nash-Williams, V. E. Date: 26 March 1928 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: request to Nash-Williams for some notes on Caerleon for the Journal of Roman Studies annual review 1927. Publication: unpublished Nas8  To: Nash-Williams, V. E. Date: 2 April 1928 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: thanking Nash-Williams for his Caerleon account, photographs and plan. Publication: unpublished Nas9  To: Nash-Williams, V. E. Date: 10 May 1928 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood is lecturing in London on recent excavations including Caerleon; request to Nash-Williams for illustrative material. Publication: unpublished Nas10  To: Nash-Williams, V. E. Date: 16 May 1928 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: thanks Nash-Williams for the consignment of slides. Publication: unpublished Nas11  To: Nash-Williams, V. E. Date: 4 June 1928 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: returns slides with thanks. Publication: unpublished

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Nas12  To: Nash-Williams, V. E. Date: 22 February 1929 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: thanks Nash-Williams for a birthday present which ‘goes straight among my most cherished works of constant reference’. Publication: unpublished Nas13  To: Nash-Williams, V. E. Date: 23 October 1929 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood discusses the inscriptions sent by Nash-Williams – observations on their origins and possible uses. Publication: unpublished Nas14  To: Nash-Williams, V. E. Date: 27 November 1929 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood gives his views on the dating of a disk sent by NashWilliams. Publication: unpublished Nas15  To: Nash-Williams, V. E. Date: 4 January 1930 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: a postcard thanking Nash-Williams for information regarding Caerleon. Publication: unpublished Nas16  To: Nash-Williams, V. E. Date: 15 February 1930 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: thanks Nash-Williams for his report; speculations on the nature of a leaden disk sent by Nash-Williams. Publication: unpublished Nas17  To: Nash-Williams, V. E. Date: 31 January 1936 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood refers to his discovering among Haverfield’s papers a faded photograph of ‘Milestone at Margam’; enquires from Nash-Williams information

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regarding this previously unrecorded milestone, and attaches a drawing of it to his letter. Publication: unpublished Nas18  To: Nash-Williams, V. E. Date: 4 February 1936 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood refers to collecting materials for his corpus of Roman inscriptions; he asks if Nash-Williams would act as a ‘clearing-­house’ to catalogue the inscriptions in Wales, as E. B. Birley is for the North and C. E. Stevens for the South; Collingwood hopes that this administrative scheme will work so that ‘the actual collection of the material can be wound up within the present year instead of waiting for many years to come as it would if I continued to work singlehanded’. Publication: unpublished Nas19  To: Nash-Williams, V. E. Date: 13 February 1936 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: agrees to write on the Margam milestone; asks for photographs. Publication: unpublished Nas20  To: Nash-Williams, V. E. Date: 24 November 1936 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood acknowledges receipt of graffito sent by Nash-Williams who agreed in a letter to Collingwood of 6 February 1936 to cooperate in the inscriptions project. Publication: unpublished Nas21  To: Nash-Williams, V. E. Date: 28 December 1936 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood describes and discusses the graffito Nash-Williams sent on 23 November. Publication: unpublished Nas22  To: Nash-Williams, V. E. Date: 14 January 1937 Location: as above Reference:—

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Subject matter: Collingwood acknowledges Nash-Williams’ note of 5 January and says that Nash-Williams is free to use his comments on the Caernarvon graffito. Publication: unpublished NELSON, RICHARD QUENTIN Nel1  To: Nelson, R. Q. (1) Date: 8 October 1939 Location: Bodleian Library, Oxford Reference: MS Eng. Let. b. 27. Fols 88–94 Subject matter: reply to a query from Nelson regarding possible overlap in their work. Nelson had been influenced by Collingwood’s thought and was anxious to ensure that his proposed study of neural disorder did not conflict with Collingwood’s plans. Collingwood writes that he thinks this is unlikely except in the most general way. Collingwood writes, ‘If you are working on dementia praecox, paranoia and manic depressive insanity, I do not think there is any danger of serious overlap. I do not expect to be able in the books I hope to write, to throw any light on these disorders, except that in quite a general way, my studies might help to explain, partially and not completely, why they should be common to certain types of environment: I mean in the same way in which a study of housing, sanitation, etc., might partially explain the incidence of diseases whose aetiology was unknown and not explained by this partial explanation of their incidence.’ Publication: unpublished; Taylor, 1.182; Dreisbach, 5.20; Burchnall, 1.b2. (1) Nelson, Rev. R. Q., 1903–80. Nelson was the author of a number of works on mental disorder, mostly privately printed; he reprinted Collingwood’s Ruskin’s Philosophy (1922), Quentin Nelson, Chichester, 1971. Nel2  To: Nelson, R. Q. Date: 20 February 1940 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood’s advice to Nelson regarding his book on mental illness; Collingwood writes, ‘Better to say a few selected important things, giving yourself space to say them properly, than to say a lot of things merely because you have them in your head.’ Collingwood then addresses the question of the readers Nelson is writing for – ‘For what readers? For the “general” reader. For the educated or partly educated man or woman who have heard a little about the subject and want to know more. These are the people you want to reach, not psychotherapists or other specialists. Psychotherapists are mostly very dogmatic sectarian folk who don’t want to hear anything new, and won’t give anything a hearing which comes from outside their own sect.’ Publication: unpublished, but short summary in Taylor 1.182; as above. Nel3  To: Nelson, R. Q. Date: 4 April 1940 Location: as above

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Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood’s detailed comments on the draft of Nelson’s book; Collingwood is enthusiastic about its autobiographical style and makes some positive comments about what he calls ‘fictitious autobiography’ giving David Copperfield and Lavengro as examples. Collingwood writes, ‘I think there are the makings of a good book here. What I like about your idea is that you stand perfectly free from the bogus objectivity of what nowadays is falsely called science – the sort of “here are the facts dispassionately stated – take them or leave them – it doesn’t matter to me” point of view. You start with the proposition “this is what I have been through: I am only talking about my own experience.” That’s good. You write as an articulate representative of the not-­understood, the not-­loved.’ Publication: unpublished, but summarised in Taylor 1.182; as above. Nel4  To: Nelson, R. Q. Date: 2 July 1941 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood refers to the serious stroke he suffered in January 1941; feels unable to provide any further help. Collingwood concludes his letter by saying ‘As for me think of me as a dead friend who was helpful in his time.’ Publication: unpublished; as above. NEWBOLD, W. New1  To: Newbold, W. (1) Date: 7 November 1925 Location: Bainbridge letters, in private possession Reference:— Subject matter: archaeological matters concerning the excavations at Brough by Bainbridge. Publication: unpublished (1) Newbold, W. Hon. Secretary of the Yorkshire Roman Antiquities Committee. O THE OBSERVER Obs1  To: The Editor The Observer (1) Date: 26 February 1926 Location: whereabouts of original unknown Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood responds to a letter from Gordon Home protesting at the tone of Collingwood’s review of his book, Roman London (1926), which had been published in The Observer 14 February 1926. Publication: The Observer 26 February 1926 Obs2  To: The Editor The Observer Date: 14 March 1926 Location: as above

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Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood responds to letters from Home and C. Thompson Walker in The Observer 3 March 1926 on the same subject. Publication: The Observer 14 March 1926 ORMEROD, H. A. Orm1  To: Ormerod, H. A. (1) Date: 1 August 1926 Location: Bainbridge letters, in private possession Reference:— Subject matter: arrangements for meetings over the summer. Publication: unpublished (1) Ormerod, H. A. 1886–1964. Rathbone Professor of Ancient History, University of Liverpool 1928–51, author of Piracy in the Ancient World Orm2  To: Ormerod, H. A. Date: 2 February 1927 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: reference to the Bainbridge excavations which were ongoing. Publication: unpublished Orm3  To: Ormerod, H. A. Date: 5 February 1927 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: as above Publication: unpublished Orm4  To: Ormerod, H. A. Date: 2 February 1928 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: reference to new finds, and permission for Collingwood to mention them in his own work. Publication: unpublished THE OXFORD MAGAZINE Oxf1  To: The Editor, The Oxford Magazine Date: 9 March 1923 Location: The Oxford Magazine Reference: 15 March 1923, Vol. 41, 1922–3, pp.301–2. Subject matter: Proposal to establish a Science ‘Greats’. Publication: Published in full in Peter Johnson, ‘Collingwood’s Exchange of Letters with R. D. E. Atkinson in the Oxford Magazine 1923’, Collingwood Studies, Vol. VI, 1999, pp.176–89.

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Oxf2  To: The Editor, The Oxford Magazine Date: 3–9 May 1923 Location: The Oxford Magazine Reference: 10 May, 1923, Vol. 41, 1922–3, p.340. Subject matter: Elaboration of views on philosophy and science. Publication: as above P PRICHARD, HAROLD ARTHUR Pri1  To: Prichard, H. A. (1) Date: 9 February 1933 Location: Bodleian Library Oxford, MS Eng let. D116 Reference: Fols 20–45 Subject matter: moral philosophy – meaning of the notion of a claim and how it can be distinguished from a duty. Publication: unpublished; V448; Taylor, 1.58; Dreisbach, 5.28; Burchnall, 13.26/2. (1) Prichard, H. A., 1871–1947. White’s Professor of Moral Philosophy, University of Oxford, 1928–37. Prichard was a moral philosopher who suggested, famously, that moral philosophy rested on a mistake. He stressed that certain ethical concepts were unanalysable. His publications include Knowledge and Perception, London, 1950 and Moral Obligation, London, 1949. There is a published reference to Collingwood in Prichard’s Moral Obligation, edited with an introduction by J. O. Urmson, Oxford, 1968, p.29; for further biographical information, see the Obituary, Proceedings of the British Academy, Vol. XXXIII, 1947, pp.1–20; for Collingwood’s view, see An Autobiography, pp.20–1, 47, 57, 59. Pri2  To: Prichard, H. A. Date: 12 February 1933 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood’s reply to Prichard; continuation of the discussion about the meaning of a claim. [Collingwood remaining unconvinced by Prichard’s arguments.] Publication: unpublished; as above R RANSOME, ARTHUR Ran1  To: Ransome, A. (1) Date: 15 June 1912 Location: private possession Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood tells Ransome about his appointment as fellow and tutor in philosophy and classics at Pembroke College, Oxford and of his teaching Berkeley, A New Theory of Vision; adds a PS, ‘What thundering good work John Masefield is doing now – I saw Nan last night and it’s damned good. I don’t think there’s a modern play to beat it in the world. And the poems are pretty nearly as good.’

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Publication: unpublished (1) Ransome, A., 1884–1967. Author of books on Russia, fishing and, of course, the children’s series beginning with Swallows and Amazons, 1930; a close friend of R. G. Collingwood and, indeed, the whole Collingwood family, for the story of this, see Arthur Ransome, The Autobiography of Arthur Ransome, edited with a prologue and epilogue by Rupert Hart-Davis, Cape, London, 1976, Hugh Brogan, The Life of Arthur Ransome, Cape, London, 1984, and Signalling from Mars, The Letters of Arthur Ransome, Selected and Introduced by Hugh Brogan, Jonathan Cape, London, 1997. For the background to Collingwood’s appointment at Pembroke College, see Inglis, op. cit., pp.78–82. Ran2  To: Ransome, A. Date: 7 July 1912 Location: private possession Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood tells Ransome about his work on the Roman camp at Papcastle, saying that he is working long hours – ‘The digging began at 7 every day and stopped at 5: and it took me till 10 to write up results’; further reference to Berkeley – ‘Do you remember discussing Berkeley under the tent on the Island? It seems comic being pitch forked professionally into him now.’ Publication: unpublished Ran3  To: Ransome, A. Date: 26 January 1913 Location: Brotherton Special Collections, University of Leeds Reference: Ransome Papers Subject matter: reference to the publication of Collingwood’s first book – a translation of Croce’s work on Vico (Howard Latimer, London, 1913); references to publishing arrangements; family matters. Publication: unpublished READE, A. LYELL Rea1  To: Reade, A. Lyell (1) Date: 17 June 1924 Location: University of Liverpool Library Special Collections Reference: Works and Papers of Aleyn Lyell Reade ALR.B.4.33 Subject matter: acknowledgement of works. Publication: unpublished (1) Reade, Aleyn Lyell, 1876–1953, genealogist and Dr Samuel Johnson scholar. Collingwood was Librarian of Pembroke College, Oxford which was Johnson’s own college and which held [and still holds] a substantial collection of Johnson’s own works and material relating to his life and times. In his capacity as Librarian, Collingwood replies to Reade’s queries which must have been extensive. Reade acknowledges Collingwood’s assistance in his Johnsonian Gleanings, eleven volumes, privately printed, 1909–52, see Johnsonian Gleanings by Aleyn Lyell Reade,

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R. G. Collingwood: A Research Companion Part V, ‘The Doctor’s Life 1728–1735’, privately printed for the author, by Percy Lund, Humphries and Co., 3 Amen Corner, London, E.C.4, 1928, p.179 where Reade refers to ‘the kindness of R. G. Collingwood, the College Librarian’, and p.219 where Reade says that Collingwood informs him that Johnson’s own copy of Sophocles (Cambridge, 1665) ‘shows very little sign of use’. Collingwood himself addressed the College’s Johnson Society, giving a talk on Jane Austen on 27 November 1921; for further information on this see R. G. Collingwood, The Philosophy of Enchantment, Studies in Folktale, Cultural Criticism, and Anthropology, edited by David Boucher, Wendy James, and Philip Smallwood, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 2005, pp.47–8, fn.23.

Rea2  To: Reade, A. Lyell Date: 19 June 1926 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: as above Publication: unpublished Rea3  To: Reade, A. Lyell Date: 22 June 1926 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: response to queries. Publication: unpublished Rea4  To: Reade, A. Lyell Date: 12 August 1926 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: response to queries. Publication: unpublished Rea5  To: Reade, A. Lyell Date: 24 May 1928 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: acknowledgment of works. Publication: unpublished REICHES, D. Rei1  To: Reiches, D. (1) Date: 4 June 1926 Location: photocopy in Pembroke College, Oxford, original in Deutsches Archaologisches Institut, Berlin, Archiv. Reference:— Subject matter: thanking the Institute for its decision to invite Collingwood to become

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a member; Collingwood expresses his thanks and appreciation, writing ‘But the honour to myself, pleasant though it is, is still more pleasant when I regard it as an additional link uniting German and English scholars. My own debt to German thought is so vast and so constantly increasing, that I despair of ever expressing it fully.’ Publication: unpublished (1) Reiches, D., General Secretary of the German Archaeological Institute. RICHMOND, IAN ARCHIBALD Ric1  To: Richmond, I. A. (1) Date: 16 February 1932 Location: Sackler Library, Oxford Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood writes from Palermo about his archaeological surveys in Syracuse, also enclosing drawings; intends to be in Athens on the 22nd; thanks to Richmond for his hospitality, writing ‘I must try to thank you for your hospitality and kindness. You can hardly realise how much both meant to an invalid exile. It was owing to them that I arrived in Sicily quite a different creature, and have since then been very well and strong, & look forward without the least misgiving to the greater exertions involved in Greece.’ Publication: unpublished (1) Richmond, I. A., 1902–65. Archaeologist of Roman Britain; his publications include The City Wall of Imperial Rome, Oxford, 1930, three editions of John Collingwood Bruce’s Handbook to the Roman Wall (1947, 1957 and 1966), and the revised edition of R. G. Collingwood’s Archaeology of Roman Britain, London, 1969. Richmond was a fellow archaeologist and friend of Collingwood. As was his custom, Collingwood kept a log of his work in Sicily and Greece in the Spring of 1932 which includes drawings, photographs and travel plans; for discussion relevant to his letter to Wright, see Sinclair Hood, ‘Collingwood on the Minoan Civilization of Crete’, Collingwood Studies, Volume Two, Perspectives, 1995, pp.175–9, and, more generally, J. Alexander MacGillivray, Minotaur, Sir Arthur Evans and the Archaeology of the Minoan Myth, Jonathan Cape, London, 2000, pp.293–4. ROTHENSTEIN, WILLIAM Rot1  To: Rothenstein, W. (1) Date: 24 February 1929 Location: Houghton Library, University of Harvard Reference: MS. Eng. 1148 (303) Subject matter: content of a lecture Collingwood is to give later that day when Rothenstein is to be chairman; discusses aesthetics, saying that ‘My idea was to discuss the well-­worn theme of the distinction or opposition between classical and romantic art: the classical artist as the man who is interested in making a perfect work, formally perfect, and the romantic artist as the man who is inspired or excited by a subject and prefers saying something important to saying something as well as it can be said. The “form” is the classical perfection of art, the “content” the emotional appeal of its subject. I propose to argue that it is a mistake to divide artists up in this way, because (I think)

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all art has both these characteristics.’ Collingwood applies this to the classification in R. H. Wilenski, The Modern Movement in Art [London, 1927]. Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.188; Dreisbach 5.29. (1) Rothenstein, W., 1872–1945, painter, art critic and historian. In his biography, William Rothenstein, The Portrait of an Artist in His Time, London, 1962, p.348, Robert Speaight writes that ‘on the 24th William was in the Chair for R. G. Collingwood’s lecture on classical and romantic art at Oxford’. The lecture was published in the Journal of Philosophical Studies, IV, 1929, pp.332–45. RYLE, GILBERT Ryl1  To: Ryle, G. (1) Date: 9 May 1935 Location: Bodleian Library, Oxford Reference: Ms Eng. let. D. Fols 1–47 Subject matter: Ryle’s criticism of Collingwood’s treatment of the ontological argument; Collingwood attempts to show how Ryle has misunderstood his argument. Publication: published (with Ryle’s replies) in R. G. Collingwood, An Essay on Philosophical Method, New Edition with an Introduction and additional material edited by James Connelly and Giuseppina D’Oro, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 2005, pp.253–94, together with a valuable bibliography, pp.cxvii–cxxi, and partially transcribed, and discussed in A. Donagan, The Later Philosophy of R. G. Collingwood, Oxford 1962, pp.261–2; L. Rubinoff, Collingwood and the Reform of Metaphysics, Toronto, 1970, pp.196f., and E. E. Harris, ‘Collingwood’s Treatment of the Ontological Argument and the Categorical Universal’, in M. Krausz (editor), Critical Essays on the Philosophy of R. G. Collingwood, Oxford, 1972, pp.113–33. The general concern of the ‘correspondence’ is with Ryle’s original criticism of Collingwood’s version of the ontological argument in Ch. VI of An Essay on Philosophical Method, Oxford, 1933, which appears as ‘Mr Collingwood and the Ontological Argument’, Mind, xliv (April 1935), pp.137–51. See also the support for Collingwood in E. E. Harris, ‘Mr Ryle and the Ontological Argument’, Mind, xlv, (October 1936), pp.474–80, and Ryle’s reply ‘Back to the Ontological Argument’, Mind, xlvi (January 1937), pp.53–7; Dreisbach 5.31; Burchnall 13.26/3. (1) Ryle, G., 1900–76. Waynflete Professor of Metaphysical Philosophy and Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford (1945–68). Ryle was Collingwood’s successor as the Waynflete Professor – see his Philosophical Arguments, 1945. His main publications are The Concept of Mind, 1949; Dilemmas, 1954; Plato’s Progress, 1966, and Collected Papers, 1971. Ryl2  To: Ryle, G. Date: 6 June 1935 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: further discussion of the ontological argument and the nature of philosophical difference between them; Collingwood reflects on what logical

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considerations might be relevant to settling their disagreement; problems of disagreement in philosophy and how to classify points of view. Publication: Connelly and D’Oro, p.318. S SCHILLER, F. C. S. Sch1  To: Schiller, F. C. S. (1) Date: 25 November 1933 Location: F. C. S. Schiller Papers, Collection No. 191, Department of Special Collections, Manuscript Division, Charles E. Young Research Library, UCLA. Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood thanks Schiller for sending the manuscript of his review of Collingwood’s An Essay on Philosophical Method published in 1933. Collingwood clarifies one of his arguments in that book to meet a criticism of Schiller’s by saying that, ‘I had spent a page (pp.9–10) on warning the reader that I did not for a moment mean to assert what you call my “essential contention”; that my 3 methods were, as it were, a Scylla, a Charybdis, and a via recta for philosophy, not three viae rectae for three Wissenschaften: I was writing an essay on philosophical method not a treatise on the ways of knowing. And on p.151 I actually repeated that warning to prevent anyone from reading into the chapter the meaning you have read into it.’ Publication: unpublished, but for discussion of Schiller’s review [Mind, 43, 1934, pp.117–20], see R. G. Collingwood, An Essay on Philosophical Method, Revised Edition, edited with an Introduction by James Connelly and Giuseppina D’Oro, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 2005, pp.xxxvii and lvi. (1) Schiller, F. C. S. 1864–1937; leading pragmatist philosopher, Fellow and Tutor of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. His publications include Humanism, Philosophical Essays [1903], Formal Logic [1912] and Logic for Use, An Introduction to the Voluntarist Theory of Knowledge [1929]. SELIGMAN, BRENDA Sel1  To: Seligman, Brenda (1) Date: 17 October 1936 Location: LSE Archives, Seligman 2/5 Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood says that he has been ‘working at fairy-­tales lately in the hope of becoming able to “excavate” them like an archaeological site, strip off the modern layers, and get down to relics of very early customs and beliefs’. He asks Seligman ‘Is my conception of a society in which there is totemistic exogamy, but no father-­daughter taboo, an ethnological absurdity? If so, there is something wrong with my method of interpreting fairy-­tales.’ Publication: unpublished, but mentioned and discussed, in James Connelly, ‘R. G. Collingwood: From Anthropology to Metaphysics’, Ethnographic Studies, No.  11, autumn, 2009, pp.3–15, esp. p.4. (1) Seligman, Brenda Z., 1882–1965. Social anthropologist and author of a number of papers on deep lying social permissions and prohibitions such as ‘The Incest

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Sel2  To: Seligman, Brenda Date: 26 October 1936 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood thanks Seligman for her definitive answer to his question and further explains his own interests and lines of thought. [For Collingwood’s own discussion of taboo as a social regulator, see his ‘Fairy Tales, Three Methods of Approach’, in R. G. Collingwood, The Philosophy of Enchantment, Studies in Folktale, Cultural Criticism, and Anthropology, edited by David Boucher, Wendy James and Philip Smallwood, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 2005, pp.157ff.] Publication: as above SIMPSON, F. GERALD Sim1  To: Simpson, F. G. (1) Date: 29 December 1920 Location: Bodleian Library, Oxford Reference: MS. Eng. c. 3337. Fols 1–27 Subject matter: family and archaeological matters; discussion of excavations at Hadrian’s Wall. Collingwood writes, ‘I have been spending my Christmas leisure on wall epigraphy, and especially in the collation of the centurial stones in the hope of getting light on the way in which the Wall was built.’ Publication: unpublished (1) Simpson, F. G., 1882–1955, archaeologist of Roman Britain, in particular the scientific study of Hadrian’s Wall. Author of a number of important articles and books in this area; see the obituary notice in Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society, New Series, Vol. LV 1955, pp.359–65; for further discussion of Simpson and Collingwood, see V62, 203, 205–7, 376, 404, 409–10, 429.

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Sim2  To: Simpson, E. G. Date: 23 April 1921 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: refers to giving two lectures on Roman Britain at Oxford as part of the Extension Summer meeting during the first two weeks of August; reference to his fellow lecturers, Sir Charles Oman and H. M. Last, fellow of St John’s College, Oxford. Publication: unpublished Sim3  To: Simpson, F. G. Date: 2 May 1921 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: archaeological matters; reports; refers to his bee-­keeping activities and ‘hiving the first swarm of bees of the year’. Publication: unpublished Sim4  To: Simpson, F. G. Date: 20 October 1921 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Pembroke College affairs; Haverfield Committee; work at Chesters; finance for new excavations. Collingwood says, ‘I have given up my house at Fyfield Road and have got a rather attractive but distant place called Stapleton’s Chantry, North Moreton, Wallingford.’ Publication: unpublished Sim5  To: Simpson, F. G. Date: 6 October 1922 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: philosophy of history; practical value of history; historical knowledge and human happiness. Collingwood writes, ‘Spinoza said that to be happy, to love God intelligently, meant to see everything sub specie aeternitatis – stripping off the passions and the distorting interests of the moment and acquiring the “point of view of eternity”. Now the truth seems to me that only the historian sees things from the point of view of eternity: because the evolutionary biologist, the astronomer, the mathematician, etc, only see from the point of view of the momentarily fashionable biological or other theory. The scientist never sees himself. But the historian sees from the point of view of eternity because his history is the history of himself, and he achieves eternity not by ignoring time but just by recognising time and recognising himself as the heir of the past. Therefore to understand history is to understand oneself, which is the Delphic oracle’s formula for salvation.’ Publication: V444i; Taylor 1.187; Dreisbach 5.33.

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Sim6  To: Simpson, F. G. Date: 21 October 1923 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: private family matters; archaeological work; Collingwood writes, ‘If “Roman Britain” was never to produce any fruit but your letter it would have been well worth writing. Other people have approved it, but your approval is more than worth all the rest together, and will, I know, be to me a perpetual comfort and encouragement in times of depression.’ Publication: unpublished Sim7  To: Simpson, F. G. Date: 17 June 1925 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood encloses the manuscript of his pamphlet The Roman Signal Station at Castle Hill, Scarborough in which he briefly discusses the value of archaeology and history. He mentions the I.L.P (Independent Labour Party) and writes, ‘I do mean to suggest [to the Independent Labour Party] that political doctrines may work in Russia or Germany, and may fail to work in England owing to the Roman element which we still inherit, and that – here I would strongly oppose certain nineteenth century notions, including some of Marx’s – there can be no such thing as an international culture, proletarian or any other, that ignores differences of historical background.’ Publication: quoted extensively in V444ii; Taylor 1.187; Dreisbach 5.33. Sim8  To: Simpson, F. G. Date: 18 November 1927 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: archaeological matters – excavations on Hadrian’s Wall. Publication: unpublished, but quoted in F. G. Simpson, Watermills and Military Works on Hadrian’s Wall, Excavations in Northumberland 1907–1913, edited by Grace Simpson, Titus Wilson, Kendal, 1976, pp.8 and 66. Collingwood writes that ‘your photographs came last night, and though I was teaching until 10-o-­clock and could not get to them until that was over, I could not go to bed before I had examined them all’. Sim9  To: Simpson, F. G. Date: 11 June 1928 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: Collingwood family matters concerning the death of Collingwood’s mother. Publication: unpublished

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Sim10  To: Simpson, F. G. Date: 27 December 1930 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: proofreading; publication matters. Publication: unpublished Sim11  To: Simpson, F. G. Date: 29 December 1930 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: archaeological matters. Publication: unpublished Sim12  To: Simpson, F. G. Date: 3 June 1931 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: ill-­health – seriousness – effect on work. Publication: unpublished Sim13  To: Simpson, F. G. Date: 11 February 1932 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: postcard from Collingwood [and I. A. Richmond] in Italy. Publication: unpublished Sim14  To: Simpson, F. G. Date: 10 July 1934 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: archaeological discoveries on Hadrian’s Wall; ‘It was splendid news that a turf Wall turret had been found at site 79b. I feel like some personage at a desk in Scotland Yard, hearing that a murderer wanted for close on 30 years, has been caught at last.’ Publication: quoted in V444iii; Taylor 1.187; Dreisbach 5.33. Sim15  To: Simpson, E. G. Date: 4 September 1936 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: archaeological matters; accident involving a cow at an excavation and the question of financial compensation. Publication: unpublished

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Sim16  To: Simpson, F. G. Date: 29 March 1937 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: archaeological matters. Publication: unpublished Sim17  To: Simpson, F. G. Date: 29 October 1937 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: archaeological matters; use of money for various excavations. Publication: unpublished Sim18  To: Simpson, F. G. Date: Easter Monday 1939 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: completion of autobiography and work on metaphysics; writing The Principles of History; judgement of his last publications. Publication: quoted extensively in V444iv; Taylor 1.187; Dreisbach 5.33. Sim19  To: Simpson, F. G. Date: 7 October 1940 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: archaeological matters; observations on the war – ‘I was away from home for a few days when your letter came, wishing to see for myself what the “Greatest air force in the world” could do to London. The results are conclusive. Hitler can never beat us.’ Publication: unpublished SIMPSON, F. GERALD (Mrs) SimS1  To: Simpson, F. G. (Mrs) (1) Date: 12 March 1931 Location: private possession Reference:— Subject matter: archaeological matters; admiration for F. G. Simpson. Publication: unpublished (1) Simpson, Sarah, married F. G. Simpson 1914. SMITH, JOHN ALEXANDER Smi1  To: Smith, J. A. (1) Date: 27 June 1932 Location: Magdalen College, Oxford

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Reference: J. A. Smith papers, MS JAS I 22 Subject matter: detailed discussion of H. A. Prichard’s 1932 British Academy Lecture, ‘Duty and Ignorance of Fact’; Collingwood’s criticism of Prichard for wholly neglecting the inner life of morality; appearance of the expression ‘minute philosophers’ to describe those Collingwood considered to be responsible for the decay of moral philosophy teaching at Oxford [see An Autobiography, Ch III]. Publication: unpublished but cited and discussed in James Patrick, The Magdalen Metaphysicals, Mercer University Press, Atlanta, 1985, p.62; Taylor 1.197; Dreisbach 5.46; Burchnall 2 b. (1) Smith, J. A., 1863–1939. Philosopher and classicist; Waynflete Professor of Moral and Metaphysical Philosophy at Oxford, 1910–36; joint editor of the Oxford translation of Aristotle, and a number of other works; Smith was Collingwood’s predecessor in the Waynflete Chair. He was much influenced by Croce and, to a lesser extent, Gentile; Smith was a friend and intellectual companion of Collingwood over many years. Smi2  To: Smith, J. A. Date: 18 November 1932 Location: as above Reference: JAS III 35 Subject matter: on consciousness and the problems in distinguishing it from awareness and adjacent states; differences between philosophy and the empirical sciences. Publication: unpublished; cited in Patrick, op. cit., p.63; Taylor 1.197; Dreisbach 5.46; Burchnall 2 b. Smi3  To: Smith, J. A. Date: 16 December 1933 Location: as above Reference: JAS III 20 Subject matter: Collingwood thanks Smith for his response to An Essay on Philosophical Method; a lengthy discussion of points raised by Smith concerning the nature of philosophy, its method and arguments. Publication: unpublished; cited in Patrick, op. cit., p.63; Taylor 1.197; Dreisbach 5.46; Burchnall 2 b. STEFANSSON, JON Ste1  To: Stefansson, Jon (1) Date: 6 October 1932 Location: National Library of Iceland Reference: Shelf mark: LBS. 3442 4to. Subject matter: Collingwood thanks Stefansson for his letter of sympathy on the death of Collingwood’s father, W. G. Collingwood. Publication: unpublished (1) Stefansson, Dr Jon, 1862–1952. Icelandic writer, traveller, philologist, authority on the Sagas; collaborated with W. G. Collingwood in translating a number of the Saga

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R. G. Collingwood: A Research Companion stories, including The Life and Death of Cormac the Skald, Viking Club Translation Series, No. 1, W. Holmes, Ltd., Ulverston, 1902. In homage to a trip made by William Morris they travelled together in Iceland and produced a record of it in the form of W. G. Collingwood and Jon Stefansson, A Pilgrimage to the Saga-­steads of Iceland, W. Holmes, Ltd., Ulverston, 1899. Stefansson was a friend of the Collingwood family and visited their home at Lanehead in Coniston in the Lake District on a number of occasions; see Fred Inglis, History Man, The Life of R. G. Collingwood, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2009, pp.10 and 23. For detailed discussion, see Townend, op. cit., pp.88–93, 95–104 and 264–5.

Ste2  To: Stefansson, Jon Date: 10 August 1934 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: reference to Stefansson’s winter in Italy; Collingwood thanks him for his congratulations on his F. B. A., writing, ‘I am not puffed up by it because I know that these honours do not come by merit – none ever came to my father, who was a hundred times better scholar than myself – but by being so placed that people see what one is doing instead of living a retired life away from others. In a university, you only have to live long enough, and you automatically become a person of note.’ Collingwood mentions his street accident [he was knocked down by a car] and having to spend some considerable time recovering; thanks Stefansson for his obituary of his father. Publication: unpublished Ste3  To: Stefansson, Jon Date: 18 August 1940 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: discussion of the authentication of the name, Vinandus, reference in this connection to Ekwall’s Dictionary of English Place-Names [1936]; publishing matters, scarcity of paper in wartime, etc. Publication: unpublished T TAYLOR, MARJORIE VENABLES Tay1  To: Taylor, M. V. (1) Date: 4 August 1922 Location: Sackler Library, Oxford Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood writes concerning an inscription at Bath, and speaks of plans for excavation work. Publication: unpublished (1) Taylor, M. V, 1881–1963. Archaeologist of Roman Britain; editor of the Journal of Roman Studies from 1923, numerous publications on Roman Britain and

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contributions to journals and Victorian County Histories; co-­edited and co-­ authored a number of works with R. G. Collingwood; for a bibliography of her writings, see the Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. LIV, 1964, pp.2–6; and for a discussion of her contribution to the archaeology of Roman Britain, see Sheppard Frere, Roman Britain Since Haverfield and Richmond, a lecture delivered in All Souls College, Oxford, 25 October 1987. Tay2  To: Taylor, M. V. Date: 25 December 1922 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: bibliography for an article by Taylor; Roman inscriptions. Publication: unpublished Tay3  To: Taylor, M. V. Date: 6 May 1923 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Roman inscriptions. Publication: unpublished Tay4  To: Taylor, M. V. Date: 11 June 1924 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Roman inscriptions. Publication: unpublished Tay5  To: Taylor, M. V. Date: 7 March 1935 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: reference to a review in JRS. Collingwood expresses the debt owed to M. V. Taylor for her work in Romano-British Studies. Publication: unpublished Tay6  To: Taylor, M. V. Date: 30 March 1935 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood thanks Taylor for her congratulations on his being appointed to the Waynflete Chair. He speaks of his regret at relinquishing his post as University Lecturer in Philosophy and Roman History. Publication: unpublished

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Tay7  To: Taylor, M. V. Date: 24 August 1940 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood regrets that he is unable to write an obituary of George Macdonald because of a stroke which affected the use of his right hand. Publication: unpublished THE TIMES Tim1  To: The Editor, The Times Date: 28 April 1930 Location: whereabouts of the original unknown Reference: Letters to the Editor Subject matter: Collingwood, together with sixteen fellow signatories including the Chancellor of Oxford University and a number of Heads of Colleges, enclose the text of a letter to Mr George Lansbury, M. P., Minster of Works, on the subject of quarrying in close proximity to Hadrian’s Wall. They write, ‘We realize the importance of providing work, to the extent at present contemplated, for unemployed men in the Newcastle district, but we submit that it would be disastrous to permit the unlimited extension of such works, and so leave the way open for the eventual destruction of a great historical monument.’ Publication: The Times, Saturday 3 May 1930, p.5. Discussed in Stephen Leach ‘Buried Romance: articles and letters by R.G. Collingwood in the National Press’, Collingwood and British Idealism Studies Vol. 17, no. 2 (2011), pp.176–8. Tim2  To: The Editor, The Times Date: 2 May 1936 Location: whereabouts of original unknown Reference: Letters to the Editor Subject matter: Collingwood and his fellow signatories [Frederic G. Kenyon, Charles Peers, M. V. Taylor, A. W. Clapham and Norman H. Baynes] appeal for contributions for a memorial to the life and work of the archaeologist, Mrs Mortimer Wheeler. Subsequently published in many local newspapers. Publication: The Times, 2 May 1936, p.10, reprinted and discussed in Stephen Leach, ‘Buried Romance: articles and letters by R. G. Collingwood in the National Press’, Collingwood and British Idealism Studies, Vol. 17, no. 2, (2011), pp.178–9. Tim3  To: The Editor, The Times Date: 22 May 1936 Location: whereabouts of original unknown Reference: Letters to the Editor Subject matter: Collingwood writes to appeal for readers of The Times to contact him regarding any Roman inscriptions they know about in order that the project of a complete listing of Roman inscriptions [which was begun by Professor F. Haverfield] should be completed. The letter also appeared in The Manchester Guardian, which discussed the topic in an editorial. The appeal was also subsequently published in many local newspapers.

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Publication: The Times, 22 May 1936, p.15, Reprinted and discussed in Leach, op. cit., pp.179–81. Tim4  To: The Editor, The Times Date: 11 July 1940 Location: whereabouts of the original unknown Reference: Letters to the Editor Subject matter: Collingwood and his joint signatories [J. D. Beazley, Helen Darbishire, E. R. Dodds, A. D. Lindsay and W. D. Ross] write on the subject of the British Government’s internment of aliens during wartime. While acknowledging the priority which must be given to national security they argue that ‘genuine refugees from Nazi or Fascist oppression should be given the status of friendly aliens and granted what we have hitherto denied to most of them the chance of striking a blow against their oppressor’. Speaking of safeguarding refugees [among them many scholars and scientists who could make a considerable contribution to the war effort] from ‘the brutalities of racial fanaticism’ the letter says that, ‘If we treat such men as prisoners for a day longer than we must, we cloud our national honour; we also risk breaking our slender liaison with the underground forces of democracy in Central Europe, and alienating powerful sources of support in neutral America.’ Publication: The Times Thursday 11 July 1940, p.5. THE TIMES LITERARY SUPPLEMENT Tls1  To: The Editor, The Times Literary Supplement Date: from the SS De Weert, off Flores, Dutch East Indies, 4 February 1939 Location: Times Literary Supplement 11 March 1939 Reference: p.149 Subject matter: errors of fact in Rudyard Kipling’s (1) story ‘A Disturber of Traffic’ [published in his Many Inventions 1893, pp.1–22] which concerns an Englishman in charge of a screw-­pile light in the Flores Strait. Collingwood writes: ‘it may interest your readers to see what crimes against the realism which was Kipling’s official literary programme were compatible with the production of a story which is among the best he ever wrote.’ Publication: published as above. (1) Kipling, Rudyard, 1865–1936; for Collingwood’s opinion of Kipling, the writer, see Principles of Art, p.70; Kipling had read Collingwood’s Speculum Mentis, in a letter to C. R. L. Fletcher, Kipling wrote, ‘I’ve read Collingwood. It’s the old finale to most things in this world – the dénouement is that there isn’t any dénouement– only deliquescence. But Collingwood’s tremendously interesting’, quoted in Charles Carrington, Rudyard Kipling, Macmillan, London, 1978, p.553. Tls2  To: The Editor, The Times Literary Supplement Date: 20 May 1939 [of publication] Location: Times Literary Supplement 20 May 1939 Reference: p.298 Subject matter: Collingwood corrects an error he made in the letter above. As was pointed out in a letter to The Straits Times, 26 April 1939, the Dutch light-­house service

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in Kipling’s time made ‘no distinction of nationality in securing the services of a worthy and useful person’. In his first letter Collingwood wrote ‘an Englishman in charge of a Dutch light is about as probable as a screw-­pile in solid rock’. Publication: published as above TOYNBEE, ARNOLD JOSEPH Toyn1  To: Toynbee, Arnold Joseph (1) Date: 12 October 1939 Location: Toynbee Papers, Bodleian Library, Oxford Reference:— Subject matter: publication of volumes IV–VI of Toynbee’s A Study of History. ‘Like everybody else who is at all interested in history (I suppose) I have been reading your last three volumes, and I must write you a word of congratulation. It is astonishing to me that anyone should possess such a body of sheer historical learning, . . . hardly less so that anybody who does possess it should be able to wield it instead of merely lying down under it.’ Publication: extract published in Arnold J. Toynbee: A Life by W.H. McNeill, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989. (1) A.J. Toynbee (1889–1975) was a historian, professor of International History at the London School of Economics from 1925. He is best known for his 12 volume A Study of History (1934–61) and his annual reports for the Royal Institute of International Affairs, London of which he was director of studies from 1925. For a biography, see Arnold J. Toynbee: A Life by W.H. McNeill, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989. V VON LEYDEN, WOLFGANG MARIUS Vonl1  To: von Leyden, W. M. (1) Date: 6 June 1940 Location: Bodleian Library, Oxford Reference: MS. Eng. c. 2026. Fols 43–7 Subject matter: Collingwood’s indignation at von Leyden’s internment on the Isle of Man at the start of the War; Collingwood’s discussions of the War – ‘the present war is not a war between nations as it is a war between men who want to stamp out thought and men who want to go on thinking’. Von Leyden reports that Collingwood helped to secure his release. Publication: unpublished; Taylor 1.192; Dreisbach 5.47; Burchnall 1 b 2. (1) Von Leyden, W. M., 1911–2004, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Durham. His main publications include Remembering, 1961; Seventeenth Century Metaphysics, 1968. Vonl2  To: von Leyden, W. M. Date: 31 May 1941 Location: as above Reference: as above

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Subject matter: reference to a serious stroke; difficulties in writing; the unconscious; psychoanalysis. Publication: unpublished, but quoted in part in W. von Leyden, ‘Philosophy of Mind: An Appraisal of Collingwood’s Theories of Consciousness, Language and Imagination’, in Krausz, op. cit., pp.20–1, fn.3. Vonl3  To: von Leyden, W. M. Date: 13 June 1941 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: postcard – arrangements for a meeting with von Leyden. Publication: unpublished VON TROTT zu SOLZ, ADAM Vont1  To: Von Trott zu Solz, Adam (1) Date: 23 May 1935 Location: Sammlung Trott Berlin Reference: ST 5 Subject matter: Collingwood writes enclosing a copy of his book An Essay on Philosophical Method as a gift, saying that, ‘I hope that you will take it as a token of the very warm and sincere affection which we in Oxford and I among many others, have for you, and I hope that whatever the future holds in store for you and for us that there will always be real friendship between us and such intercourse as friendship requires if it is to be effective. At least you can be sure of this. That wherever I am you will always be welcome.’ Publication: published in Henry Ozelle Malone, Adam von Trott zu Solz, The Road to Conspiracy against Hitler, Ph.D dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, May 1980, published as Henry O. Malone, Adam von Trott zu Solz, Werdegang lines Verschmorers 1909–1938, Siedler Verlag, Berlin, 1986 (see p.149). (1) For von Trott, see Christopher Sykes, Troubled Loyalty, A Biography of Adam von Trott, Collins, London, 1968. Collingwood seems to have known von Trott well, giving a party for him during the summer term in Oxford in 1933 (see Isaiah Berlin, ‘A Personal Tribute to Adam von Trott (Balliol 1931)’, Balliol College Annual Record, 1986, pp.61–2), and meeting and having conversations with him on at least one other occasion in 1935, see Giles MacDonogh, A Good German, Adam von Trott zu Solz, Quartet Books, London, 1989, revised edition, 1994, p.78. W WHEELER, R. E. MORTIMER Whe1  To: Wheeler, R. E. M. (1) Date: 17 March 1922 Location: National Museum of Wales Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood thanks Wheeler for his Segontium report relating to fourth-century fort gates – ‘(I suppose the original 1st–2nd cent: fort, adapted as it was

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from the marching camp, had big gates because of the necessity for getting large bodies of troops out of them quickly: and that this type of gate was applied by military red-­tape to small forts where there was no need of it: and that it was found a positive nuisance not, as some people have suggested, because the Romans of the later Empire were afraid of their enemies but because a cohort could get quite easily enough through the smaller space) but your way of doing it is a splendid new idea. It may have existed elsewhere & been overlooked by excavators: and I don’t see why it shouldn’t be Roman, though I don’t think the distinction between Roman and native is always easy to make in the 4th Century.’ Publication: unpublished (1) Wheeler, R. E. M., 1890–1976. A noted archaeologist, Sir Mortimer Wheeler was Keeper [later Director] of Archaeology at the National Museum of Wales from 1920 to 1926. He published a number of important works, including Prehistoric and Roman Wales [1925] and Rome beyond the Imperial Frontiers [1954]. In his autobiography, Still Digging [1955] Wheeler refers to Collingwood as a close friend and colleague with whom he collaborated on archaeological projects, especially during the 1920s. Collingwood refers to Wheeler as an adventurous spirit [An Autobiography, p.126]. Wheeler was also a popular broadcaster. In her biography of Tessa Verney Wheeler who married R. E. Mortimer Wheeler in 1914, L. C. Carr notes that Collingwood was one of the members who supported Tessa Wheeler’s election as a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in 1928 (L. C. Carr, Tessa Verney Wheeler, Women and Archaeology before World War Two, Oxford University Press, 2012, p.128). Collingwood was one of a number of archaeological friends of the Wheelers who assisted in compiling the Report on the Excavation of the Prehistoric, Roman and Post-Roman site in Lydney Park, Gloucestershire. Collingwood also reviewed R. E. M. Wheeler and Tessa V. Wheeler, ‘Report on the Excavation of the Prehistoric, Roman and Post-Roman Site in Lydney Park, Gloucestershire’, Oxford, 1932 in the Journal of Roman Studies, 25, 1935, pp.119–20. Whe2  To: Wheeler, R. E. M. Date: 28 October 1922 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Collingwood thanks Wheeler for a letter and a paper; sends copies of his own publications, ‘but they aren’t the least interesting’. Publication: unpublished Whe3  To: Wheeler, R. E. M. Date: 25 December 1922 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: informs Wheeler of his intention to visit Cardiff on 1 January for a week to work on the Roman site at Caerleon. Publication: unpublished

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Whe4  To: Wheeler, R. E. M. Date: 9 January 1924 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: Support for M. V. Taylor’s election to the Society of Antiquaries. Collingwood remarks that ‘if it were more generally known what a lot of good work Miss T. has done for many years, she would go in under her own steam. But (i) she has always merged her work in other people’s notably F.H.’s, and hasn’t got credit for it (ii) I feel certain that there must be a lot of misogyny abroad at Burlington House, even in this enlightened age. I may add that (iii) it used to be said that candidates who were very heavily pushed and canvassed or used to be blackballed.’ He then comments on the coldness of his study at Stapleton’s Chantry and encloses a drawing of the house and study, in the snow, with a cat of eccentric habits in the foreground. Publication: unpublished Whe5  To: Wheeler, R. E. M. Date: 11 January 1924 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: refers to The Romans in Britain by Bertram Windle (Methuen, 1923), of which he has a low opinion and of which he, George MacDonald and Wheeler wrote highly critical reviews. Publication: unpublished Whe6  To: Wheeler, R. E. M. Date: 28 September 1924 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: unable to visit Lydney for archaeological work because of illness. Publication: unpublished Whe7  To: Wheeler, R. E. M. Date: undated Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: archaeological matters; queries about Lydney and the whereabouts of the Caerwent Stones. Publication: unpublished WORDSWORTH, GORDON Wor1  To: Wordsworth, G. (1) Date: c May 1929 Location: Armitt Library & Museum Centre, Rydal Road, Ambleside, LA22 9BL Reference:—

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Subject matter: ownership and location of the Armitt collection of Roman artefacts. Publication: unpublished, but cited and discussed in Jay, op. cit., p.28. (1) Wordsworth, G. Grandson of William Wordsworth, and Armitt Library Secretary. Wor2  To: Wordsworth, G. Date: c January 1933 Location: as above Reference:— Subject matter: thanking the Armitt Library Committee. Publication: unpublished, but cited in Jay, op. cit., p.29. Wor3  To: Wordsworth, G. Date: 31 March 1933 Location: as above Reference: ALMS 362 Subject matter: disposal of the library of W. G. Collingwood. Publication: unpublished Wor4  To: Wordsworth, G. Date: 4 October 1933 Location: as above Reference: as above Subject matter: to fill a gap in the Armitt Library W. G. Collingwood collection Collingwood says he will send The Life and Death of Cormac the Skald, Being the Icelandic Kormak’s Saga [Viking Club Translation Series No. 1, Wm Holmes, Ulverston, 1902]. Publication: unpublished WRIGHT, RICHARD PEARSON Wri1  To: Wright, R. P. (1) Date: 21 October 1938 Location: private possession Reference:— Subject matter: invitation to Wright to help prepare Roman Inscriptions of Britain for publication; explanation of the procedure to be followed; Collingwood says he has been accumulating material on Roman inscriptions since 1919; as a result of his ill-­ health he feels unable to complete it himself. Publication: unpublished; for Wright’s account see R. G. Collingwood and R. P. Wright, The Roman Inscriptions of Britain, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1965, p.vi; cited Boucher op. cit., p.245. (1) Wright, R. P, 1908–92. At the time of the publication of Roman Inscriptions [1965], Wright was Senior Lecturer in Classics at the University of Durham; after 1965 to his retirement, Reader in the Epigraphy of Roman Britain, Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries; see the Obituary in Archaeologia Aeliana, Fifth Series, Vol. XXII, 1992,

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pp.277–8; see also the note in the Proceedings of the Society of the Antiquaries of London, Annual Report, 1992–3, p.60. In a letter to Peter Johnson dated 17 August 1974 Wright explains how his involvement with Collingwood’s Roman Inscriptions project came about. He writes, ‘On 21 October 1938 he invited me to prepare his material for the Roman Inscriptions of Britain for publication and explained the procedure. He was then abroad, voyaging in the East Indies to restore his health. In April 1939 he invited me to Oxford and explained his methods. He continued his guidance each vacation when I stayed with him to copy notes from his card-­index on to sheets of copy, to take away for writing up. When he left Oxford in April 1941 I took charge of the material.’ Wri2  To: Wright, R. P. Date: 24 April 1939 Location: private possession Reference:— Subject matter: advice on the above. Publication: unpublished Wri3  To: Wright, R. P. Date: 9 May 1939 Location: private possession Reference:— Subject matter: guidance on work to be done for the above. Publication: unpublished Wri4  To: Wright, R. P. Date: 26 May 1939 Location: private possession Reference:— Subject matter: further advice for the above. Publication: unpublished Wri5  To: Wright, R. P. Date: 9 June 1939 Location: private possession Reference:— Subject matter: agreement with Wright; approval of completed work. Publication: unpublished Wri6  To: Wright, R. P. Date: 13 June 1939 Location: private possession Reference:— Subject matter: approval of work completed. Publication: unpublished

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Y The Yorkshire Post YOR1  To: The Editor, The Yorkshire Post (1) Date: 17 August 1926 Location: whereabouts of original unknown Reference: Letters to the Editor Subject matter: the relative strength of Roman and Saxon influences on the English character, laws and way of life, a discussion occasioned by Collingwood’s pamphlet, The Roman Signal Station on Castle Hill, Scarborough (for the Corporation of Scarborough by E. T. W. Dennis & Sons, Ltd., Scarborough, 1925), where he claims that ‘Everything that is best in England is the result of a fusion between those Romans who here on the cliffs of Scarborough strained their eyes watching for Saxon pirates, and the Saxons for whom they watched’ (p.2). Publication: The Yorkshire Post, 17 August 1926. (1) For listing, discussion and complete transcription of Collingwood’s letters, together with those of the other contributors to the exchange, Harold Bruff (then Secretary of the Yorkshire Dialect Society), Waldo Sabine and R. S. Leighton, see Stephen Leach, ‘ “Roman England”: R. G. Collingwood’s Correspondence with Harold Bruff ’, Collingwood and British Idealism Studies, Volume 18, No. 1, 2012, pp.81–95. Yor2  To: The Editor, The Yorkshire Post Date: 21 August 1926 Location: whereabouts of original unknown Reference: Letters to the Editor Subject matter: continuation of above. Publication: The Yorkshire Post 21 August 1926 YOR3  To: The Editor, The Yorkshire Post. Date: 22 September 1926 Location: whereabouts of original unknown Reference: Letters to the Editor Subject matter: continuation of above. Publication: The Yorkshire Post, 22 September 1926

6

Primary Bibliographies Introduction Bibliographical information is vital to any serious research. This bibliography strives to be as complete as possible. Since the appearance of the bibliographies by Donald Taylor and Christopher Dreisbach many new items by Collingwood have surfaced. These include many reviews and a number of archaeological and philosophical writings. Taken together they vividly illuminate the full range, quantity and sheer diversity of his output. In what follows we have presented Collingwood’s writings chronologically without distinguishing his writings on archaeology and history from those on philosophy. We have listed books, chapters, papers, essays, introductions and reviews. Although there is merit in distinguishing by discipline, there are greater merits in displaying the writings together for only in that way can the reader get a complete sense of the ebb and flow of Collingwood’s work in archaeology, history, philosophy and elsewhere. In addition we have listed reviews of Collingwood’s books and articles, together with obituaries. We have indicated where an article, extract or chapter was republished during Collingwood’s lifetime, but not those published in collections appearing after his death. We have not generally noted translations of Collingwood’s works (except where there is important editorial material), as the primary purpose of this bibliography is to provide guidance for scholars working on original materials and critical commentary on those materials. We have, of course, striven to give full and precise details for each published item. However, there are occasional lacunae; nonetheless, even in those cases where information is incomplete, it is important to note the existence of items rather than leave them unremarked. We have maintained a separation of published from unpublished writing. There is inevitably some overlap, in that much of Collingwood’s previously unpublished work has now been published. However, the original manuscripts remain and we have noted their details and location and also where and when they have subsequently been published.

I.  Published Writings Abbreviations AA Archaeologia Aeliana CBIS Collingwood and British Idealism Studies (Originally Collingwood Studies, vols. 1–6 inclusive)

192 CW JRS PSAN Boucher Debbins Donagan Rubinoff

R. G. Collingwood: A Research Companion Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society Journal of Roman Studies Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle R. G. Collingwood, Essays in Political Philosophy, edited and introduced by D. Boucher (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989) R. G. Collingwood, Essays in the Philosophy of History, edited and introduced by W. Debbins (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1965) R. G. Collingwood, Essays in the Philosophy of Art, edited and introduced by A. Donagan (Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1964) R. G. Collingwood, Faith and Reason: Essays in the Philosophy of Religion, edited and introduced by L. Rubinoff (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1968)

Reviews, notices and contemporary responses to Collingwood’s writings are listed alphabetically after each substantive item. Substantive items reprinted in other collections are noted; reprinted reviews are not. Most of Collingwood’s reviews of philosophy books have been reprinted in CBIS. Revised editions of books and pamphlets are listed; later unaltered printings are not. 1913 Croce, B., The Philosophy of Giambattista Vico (trans. R. G. Collingwood) (London: Howard Latimer, 1913). Anon., Notice of Croce’s The Philosophy of Giambattista Vico in The Times Literary Supplement (23 Oct. 1913). Brown, Harold Chapman, The Philosophy of Giambattista Vico in The Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods 12 (21) (14 Oct. 1915), pp.580–1. ‘The Earthwork on Allen Knott, Applethwaite (Windermere)’, CW 13 (1913), pp.142–6. ‘Report of the Excavations at Papcastle’, CW 13 (1913), pp.131–41. Account of paper on Ambleside read by RGC to the Oxford University Antiquarian Society, The Oxford Times (8 Nov. 1913). 1914 ‘Report on the Exploration of the Roman Fort at Ambleside, 1913’ (with Professor Haverfield) with a ‘Preliminary Report of Explorations in March and April 1914’ (with L. B. Freeston), CW 14 (1914), pp.433–65. F.A.B., ‘The Roman Fort at Ambleside’ in The Manchester Guardian (1 Sept. 1914), p.3. 1915 ‘The Exploration of the Roman Fort at Ambleside: Report on the second year’s work (1914)’, CW 15 (1915), pp.1–62. ‘Roman Ambleside’, The Antiquary 51 (1915), pp.91–6. ‘Ambleside Roman Fort: Results of a Year’s Exploration’, The Manchester Guardian (4 Sept. 1915), p.10. ‘Roman Remains from Maiden Castle on Stainmore’, CW 15 (1915), pp.192–3. ‘Whitley Castle’, CW 15 (1915), pp.181–2.

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1916 ‘The Devil’ pp.449–75 in Concerning Prayer, ed. B. H. Streeter and Lily Dougall (London: Macmillan, 1916). (Reprinted in Rubinoff.) Anon., Notice of Concerning Prayer in CW 16 (1916), p.306. (Probably by RGC.) Anon., ‘The Call to Prayer’ in The Times Literary Supplement (15 June 1916). Anon., Concerning Prayer in The Challenge (2 July 1916), p.78. Drummond, James, ‘Concerning Prayer, its Difficulties, and its Value’ in The Hibbert Journal 15 (1917), pp.327–31. Stewart, H. F., ‘The Devil’ in Journal of Theological Studies 18 (1917), pp.79–82. WMJW, ‘Prayer’ in Gloucester Journal (23 Sept. 1916), p.2. See also letters to the editor of The Challenge by L. Dougall and B. H. Streeter (9 July 1916), p.92. ‘The Exploration of the Roman Fort at Ambleside: Report on the third year’s work (1915)’, CW 16 (1916), pp.57–90. Religion and Philosophy. London: Macmillan, 1916. (Excerpts reprinted in Rubinoff.) Anon., Notice of Religion and Philosophy in CW 17 (1917) p.258. (Probably by RGC.) Anon., Religion and Philosophy in The Biblical World 52 (1) (July 1918), p.112. Barnes, E. W., ‘Religion and Philosophy’ in The Challenge (24 Aug. 1917), p.262. C. C. J. W. [Webb], ‘Religion and Philosophy’ in The Oxford Magazine (1 June 1917), pp.281–2. Eliot, T. S., ‘Religion and Philosophy’ in International Journal of Ethics 27 (1917), p.543. Galloway, G., Religion and Philosophy in Mind, New Series, 28 (111) (July 1919), pp.365–7. Moffat, James, ‘Survey of Recent Theological Literature’ (includes Religion and Philosophy) in Hibbert Journal 15 (1917), pp.677–82. Richmond, Kenneth, ‘Religion and Philosophy’ in The Times Literary Supplement (784) (25 Jan. 1917), p.41. Rubinoff, L., Review of reissue of R. G. Collingwood’s Religion and Philosophy (Bristol: Thoemmes, 1994). WMJW ‘Religion and Philosophy’ in Gloucester Journal (18/8/17), p.3. 1918 A Manual of Belgium and the Adjoining Territories, I.D. 1168, prepared by the Geographical Section of the Naval Intelligence Division, Admiralty, HMSO, London, February1918. A Manual of Belgium Atlas, I. D. 1168a, Naval Staff Intelligence Department, Admiralty, February 1918, HMSO, London, 1918. Sinclair, May, A Defence of Idealism: Some Questions and Conclusions in The Oxford Magazine (15 Feb. 1918), p.173 [Review]. Figgis, J. N., The Will to Freedom: or the Gospel of Nietzsche and the Gospel of Christ, Longmans, Green & Co. in The Oxford Magazine (31 May 1918), p.299 [Review]. ‘Christianity in Partibus’, The Challenge 9 (232) (4 Oct. 1918), p.323. (Reprinted in CBIS 6 (1999), pp.166–71.) 1919 Russell, Bertrand, Mysticism and Logic, Allen & Unwin, 1918 in The Oxford Magazine (14 Feb. 1919), p.129 [Review].

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A Manual of Alsace-Lorraine, I.D. 1211, Naval Staff Intelligence Department, Admiralty, HMSO, London, June 1919. A Manual of Alsace-Lorraine Atlas, I.D. 1211a, prepared by the Geographical Section of the Naval Intelligence Division, Admiralty, HMSO, London, June 1919. Dept. of Philosophy of Columbia University (ed.), Studies in the History of Ideas 1 (1918) in The Oxford Magazine (17 Oct. 1919), pp.16–17 [Review]. ‘Obituary of Francis Haverfield’ PSAN 9, pp.117–18. 1920 Appendix to Francis Haverfield’s ‘Provisioning of Roman Forts’, CW 20 (1920), pp.138–42. ‘Cilurnum’ PSAN ser.3, 9 (1920) pp.288–93. ‘In Memoriam: Francis John Haverfield’, CW 20 (1920) pp.255–7. [Published anonymously.] ‘Notes on F. G. Simpson’s re-discovery of the gaps through the Vallum at intervals and on other wall matters’, PSAN ser. 3, 9 (1920), pp.295–9. ‘What is The Problem of Evil?’, Theology I (August 1920), pp.66–74. (Reprinted in Rubinoff.) 1921 Bennet, William, Freedom and Liberty (Oxford, 1920) and G. L. Raymond Ethics and Natural Law (London, 1920) in The Oxford Magazine (11 March 1921), p.264 [Review]. ‘Chesters Museum’, CW 21 (1921), pp.267–9. ‘Croce’s Philosophy of History’, Hibbert Journal, 19 (Jan. 1921), pp.263–78. (Reprinted in Debbins, 1965.) ‘Explorations in the Roman Fort at Ambleside (fourth year, 1920) and at other sites on the Tenth Iter.’, CW 21 (1921), pp.1–42. Green, P., The Problem of Evil (Longmans, Green and Co, 1920) in Theology 1 (Sept. 1920), p.177 [Review]. ‘Hadrian’s Wall: A History of the Problem’, JRS 11 (1921), pp.37–66. ‘Hardknot Castle and the Tenth Antonine Itinerary’ Archaeologia, 71 (1921), pp.1–16. ‘Luxemburg’, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 12th edition (supplement to 11th edition), 1921, pp.811–12. Matthews, W. R. (ed.), King’s College Lectures on Immortality, Hodder and Stoughton, 1920. Theology 1 (November 1920), pp.299–300 [Review]. Mothersole, Jessie, Hadrian’s Wall, JRS 11 (1921), p.285 [Review]. ‘The Purpose of the Roman Wall’, The Vasculum 8 (Oct. 1921), pp.4–9. ‘Roman Britain in 1921 and 1922’, JRS 11 (1921), pp.200–44. Ruggiero, Guido de, Modern Philosophy (trans. A. H. Hannay and R. G. Collingwood) (Allen & Unwin, 1921). Ferrar, W. J. D. ‘Modern Philosophy’, Theology 4 (June 1922), pp.361–3 [Review]. ‘Ruskin and the Mountains’, Oxford and Cambridge Mountaineering 1921 (Cambridge: Marshall), pp.21–6. (Reprinted in CBIS, 2, 1995, pp.185–9.) Windelband, Wilhelm, An Introduction to Philosophy in The Oxford Magazine (8 Dec. 1921), p.158 [Review]. 1922 ‘Are History and Science Different Kinds of Knowledge?’ Mind, New Series, 31 (124) (Oct. 1922), pp.443–51. (Reprinted in Debbins.)

Primary Bibliographies

195

Bosanquet, Bernard, The Meeting of Extremes in Contemporary Philosophy (London, 1921) in The Oxford Magazine (2 March 1922), p.271 [Review]. ‘Castlesteads’, CW 22 (1922) pp.198–233. Croce, Benedetto, Aesthetic as Science of Expression and General Linguistic (2nd ed. trans. Douglas Ainslie. (Collingwood revised and corrected part one and completely retranslated part two) (London: Macmillan, 1922). Elliot, Hugh, Human Character (London: Longmans) in The Oxford Magazine (30 Nov. 1922) p.130 [Review]. Gunn, J. A., Modern French Philosophy (London, 1922) in The Oxford Magazine (7 Dec. 1922), p.146 [Review]. Haverfield, F. G., A Catalogue of Roman Inscribed and Sculptured Stones preserved at Tullie House, Carlisle (2nd ed.) (ed. R. G. Collingwood) (Carlisle, 1922). Hermet, L’Abbé F., Les Graffites de la Graufesenque in JRS 12 (1922), p.307 [Review]. Holwerda, J. H., Arentsburg: Een Romeinsch Militair Vlootstation bij Voorburg in JRS 12 (1922), pp.309–10 [Review]. ‘A Note on Brocavum’ CW 22 (1922), pp.140–2. ‘Roman Britain in 1923’ (with M. V. Taylor) JRS 12 (1922), pp.240–87. ‘The Roman Evacuation of Britain’ JRS 12 (1922), pp.74–98. ‘The Roman Fort at Bewcastle’ CW 22 (1922), pp.169–85. Ruskin’s Philosophy: An Address delivered at the Ruskin Centenary Conference, Coniston, August 8th, 1919. Kendal, England: Titus Wilson & Son, 1922. (Reprinted in Donagan.) Reprint, with prefatory note by T. M. Knox, Chichester: Quentin Nelson 1971. 1923 ‘An Altar from South Shields, now at Oxford’ AA 20 (1923), pp.35–54. Anderson, J. G. C. (ed.), Cornelli Taciti de Vita Agricolae in CW 23 (1923), pp.297–8 [Review] [Anon., but probably RGC]. Belloc, Hilaire, The Road (Manchester: British Reinforced Concrete, 1923) in JRS 13 (1923) pp.209–10 [Review]. ‘The British Frontier in the Age of Severus’, JRS 12 (1923), pp.69–81. Bury, J. B., ‘The Notitia Dignitatum’ (in JRS 10) in CW 23 (1923), p.298 [Review]. ‘Can the New Idealism Dispense with Mysticism’, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, supp. to 3 (1923), pp.161–75. (Reprinted in Rubinoff.) G. Watts Cunningham, review of Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society. Relativity, Logic, and Mysticism in The Philosophical Review, 34 (1) (1925), pp.97–105. Dawson, John, England and the Nordic Race in JRS 13 (1923), p.211 [Review]. ‘Explorations at the Roman fort of Burgh-by-Sands’, CW 23 (1923) pp.2–12. ‘Hadrian’s Wall: A History of the Problem’, JRS 11 (1923), pp.37–66. Hoernlé, R. F. Alfred, Matter, Life, Mind and God: Five Lectures on Contemporary Thought (London: Methuen, 1923) in The Oxford Magazine (7 June 1923), p.423 [Review]. Holwerda, J. H., Arentsburg: Een Romeinsch Vlootstation in The Antiquaries Journal 3 (3) (1923), pp.274–5 [Review]. Jung, C. G., Psychological Types, or the Psychology of Individuation (Kegan Paul) in The Oxford Magazine (7 June 1923), pp.425–6 [Review]. Mothersole, Jessie, Hadrian’s Wall in CW 23 (1923), pp.298–9 [Review]. [Anon. but probably RGC.] Oswald, F. and T. Davies, An Introduction to the Study of Terra Sigillata in The Classical Review 37 (5/6) (Aug.–Sep. 1923), p.137 [Review].

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‘The Present Position’ [on Hadrian’s Wall] pp.166–7 in The Life and Principate of the Emperor Hadrian AD76–138 by Bernard Henderson (London: Methuen, 1923). Rignano, Eugene, The Psychology of Reasoning (Kegan Paul, London, 1923) in The Oxford Magazine (6 December 1923) [Review]. Roman Britain. London: Oxford University Press, 1923. Anderson, J. G. C., ‘Two Books on Roman Britain’ (Roman Britain by R. G. Collingwood and The Romans in Britain by B. C. A. Windle) in The Classical Review 38 (3/4) (May–June 1924), pp.82–3. Anon., Notice of Roman Britain in The Times Literary Supplement (1 March 1923). Anon., ‘Roman Britain’ in The Yorkshire Post (10/10/23), p.4. Craster, H. H. E., Roman Britain (and others) in JRS 12 (1922), pp.142–5. F.A.B., ‘The Romans in Britain’ in The Manchester Guardian (4 Oct. 1923), p.5. H. P., Roman Britain in Man 24 (Jan. 1924), p.12. Lamer, H., Roman Britain in Philologische Wochenschrift 44 (1924), pp.664–5. Merrill, Elmer Truesdell, Roman Britain in The Classical Journal 20 (4) (Jan. 1925), p.251. Smith, Reginald A., Roman Britain in The Antiquaries Journal 4 (1), pp.71–2. Waddell, W. G., Roman Britain in Durham University Journal 24 (5) (March 1925), pp.243–4. W. W., Roman Britain (and others) in The Geographical Journal 63 (1) (Jan. 1924), pp.65–6. Yeames, H. H., ‘Map of Roman Britain’ and Roman Britain in The Classical Weekly 18 (12) (19 Jan. 1925), pp.94–5. ‘Roman Inscribed slab from Hexham, and the Worship of Concordia’, AA 20 (1923), pp.52–62. ‘Roman Inscriptions in Britain’, Latin Teaching (Association for the Reform of Latin Teaching) (Aug. 1923), pp.20–1. ‘Roman Lancaster’, An account of a lecture by Collingwood in CW 23, pp.288–91. ‘The Romans on the Wall’ The Yorkshire Post (20 Aug. 1923) (Anon.). (Reproduced in CBIS 17 (2), pp.153–5.) ‘Science and History’, The Vasculum 9 (2) (Jan. 1923), pp.52–9. ‘Science Greats’ Letter to the Editor of The Oxford Magazine (15 March 1923), pp.301–2. ‘Science Greats’ Letter to the Editor of The Oxford Magazine (10 May 1923) p.340. ‘Skipness Castle’ (with Angus Graham), Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries in Scotland, 5th ser., 9 (57) (1923), pp.266–87. Spalding, K. J., Desire and Reason (London, 1922) in The Oxford Magazine (22 Feb. 1923), p.249 [Review]. Spearman, C., The Nature of ‘Intelligence’ and the Principles of Cognition (Macmillan, 1923) in The Oxford Magazine (15 Nov. 1923), pp.117–18 [Review]. Thouless, R. H., An Introduction to the Psychology of Religion (Cambridge University Press, 1923) in The Oxford Magazine (15 Feb. 1923), p.230 [Review]. ‘Tillesburc’ (with W. G. Collingwood), CW 23 (1923), pp.138–41. ‘A Tombstone from Birdoswald’, CW 23 (1923), pp.13–16. 1924 Ambleside Roman Fort (Ambleside: St Oswald, 1924). ‘A Note on the Milestones and Roads of Cornwall’ in A History of the County of Cornwall (ed. William Page) Victoria County History (1924), pp.6–32.

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Anon., Notice of A History of Cornwall ed. William Page inc. ‘Romano-British remains’ by F. Haverfield ed. M. V. Taylor with a note on the milestones and roads of Cornwall by R. G. Collingwood in The Times Literary Supplement (2 July 1925). ‘The Cardewlees Altar’, CW 24 (1924), pp.88–94. ‘Castle How, Peel Wyke’, CW 24 (1924), pp.78–87. ‘Finds from Hardknot’, CW 24 (1924), pp.370–1. ‘The Fosse’, JRS 14 (1924), pp.252–6. Furneaux, H. and Anderson, J. G. C., Cornellii Tacitii De Vita Agricolae in The Classical Review 38 (1/2) (Feb.–Mar. 1924), pp.22–4 (with E. Harrison) [Review]. Haldane, J. B. S., Daedalus, or Science and the Future (London, 1924) and Bertrand Russell, Icarus, or The Future of Science (London, Kegan Paul, 1924) in The Oxford Magazine (15 May 1924), p.456 [Review]. Haverfield, F., The Roman Occupation of Britain (revised by G. MacDonald) in CW 24 (1924), p.377 [Anon., brief, probably by RGC]. Haverfield, F., The Roman Occupation of Britain in The Classical Review 38 (7/8) (Nov.– Dec. 1924), pp.183–4 [Review]. Haverfield, F., The Roman Occupation of Britain (revised by G. MacDonald) in The Antiquaries Journal 4 (1924), pp.435–7 [Review]. Haverfield, F., The Roman Occupation of Britain and G. Home Roman York in The Nation and Athenaeum, 21 June 1924. [Review]. Haverfield, F., The Roman Occupation of Britain (revised by G. MacDonald), Times Literary Supplement, 12 June 1924 [Anon. but almost certainly by RGC]. ‘The Last Years of Roman Cumberland’, CW 24 (1924), pp.247–55. ‘A Note on Finds from Hardknott’, CW 24 (1924), pp.370–1. ‘A Roman altar found near Godalming’, The Antiquaries Journal 4 (1924), pp.157–8. ‘Roman Britain in 1924’ (with M. V. Taylor), JRS 14 (1924), pp.206–51. ‘The Roman Frontier in the Age of Severus’, JRS 12 (1924), pp.69–81. ‘Roman Milestones in Cornwall’, The Antiquaries Journal 4 (1924), pp.101–14. ‘Rome in Britain. I. Roman Roads’, The Home-Reading Magazine October 1924 (1924–5), pp.6–8. ‘Rome in Britain. II. The Coming of the Romans’, The Home-Reading Magazine November 1924 (1924–5), pp.37–9. ‘Rome in Britain. III. The Great Wall: Its Origin’, The Home-Reading Magazine December 1924 (1924–5), pp.71–3. ‘A Samian bowl by Pervincus from Felixstowe’, The Antiquaries Journal 4 (1924), pp.154–5. ‘Sensation and Thought’, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, new series, 24 (1923–4), pp.55–76. H. T. Costello, Review of Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 1923–1924 Concepts of Continuity in The Journal of Philosophy 22 (6) (12 Mar. 1925), pp.163–5. Speculum Mentis. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924. (short section on art reprinted in E. F. Carritt (ed.) Philosophies of Beauty, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1931; excerpts reprinted in Rubinoff). ‘Notice of Speculum Mentis’ CW 24 (1924), p.378 [anonymous paragraph, probably by RGC.]. Anon., ‘In a Mirror Darkly’ in Times Literary Supplement (30 Oct. 1924), p.676. Anon., Speculum Mentis in Scotsman (10 Nov. 1924).

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Anon., Speculum Mentis in Jewish Guardian (12 Nov. 1924). Anon., Speculum Mentis in Guardian (14 Nov. 1924). Anon., Speculum Mentis in Irish Statesman (19 Nov. 1924). Anon., Speculum Mentis in Holborn Review (Jan. 1925). Anon., ‘Philosophy Conciliating Worldly and Religious Men’ in New York Times (2 Nov. 1924). Anon., Speculum Mentis in The Tablet (28 March 1925). Anon., ‘The Map of Knowledge’ in Church Times (11 Sept. 1925). Anon., Speculum Mentis in Boston Transcript (5 Nov. 1925), 6, p.2. Anon., Speculum Mentis in Revue de Metaphysique et de Morale 33 (1926) Suppl. to Jan–March, p.8. C.D.B. [Cecil Delisle Burns], Speculum Mentis in International Journal of Ethics 35 (1925), p.323. Croce, Benedetto, Speculum Mentis. Critica: Rivista di litteratura, storia e filosofia 23 (1925), pp.55–9. (Trans. Lionel Rubinoff in Thought, Action and Intuition, eds. L. M. Palmer and H. S. Harris, Hildesheim, NY: Olms, 1975, pp.66–74.) Harwood, H. C., ‘Philosophy’ [A review of Speculum Mentis and other books] in London Mercury 11 (1924–5), pp.670–2. Joad, C. E. M., ‘What is left of modern philosophy’ review of Speculum Mentis and The Scientific Approach to Philosophy by Wildon Carr in The Spectator Literary Supplement (18 Oct. 1924), pp.550–3. Kremer, R., Speculum Mentis in Bulletin d’épistémologie, 28 (1926), pp.343–5. Laird, John, Speculum Mentis or the Map of Knowledge in Mind, New Series, 34 (134) (Apr. 1925), pp.235–41. Marvin, F. S., ‘An Oxford Sketch of the Evolution of Thought’ in Nature 115 (2881) (17 Jan. 1925), p.79. Prall, C. W., ‘High Hegel’ in Nation 120 (7 Jan. 1925), pp.19–20. Relton, H. M., Speculum Mentis, Or the Map of Knowledge, in Theology 11 (61) (July 1925), pp.59–60. Stebbing, L. Susan, Speculum Mentis in The Hibbert Journal 28 (April 1925) pp.566–9. Thorpe, W. A., Speculum Mentis & Outlines of a Philosophy of Art in The Criterion, 3 (1925), pp.579–83. B. C. A. W. [Bertram Windle], Speculum Mentis in The Catholic World 122 (1925), pp.128–9. Windle, Sir Bertram C. A., The Romans in Britain in The Antiquaries Journal 4 (1) (1924), pp.65–6 [Review]. 1925 ‘Britain and the Roman Empire’, in England and the World (ed. F. S. Marvin), pp.35–64 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1925). ‘Buried Romance. Roman treasures that the spade is laying bare’, The Daily Mail (23 Oct. 1925) (Reprinted in CBIS 17 (2), pp.155–9.) ‘Hadrian’s Wall’, in History 10 (39) (Oct. 1925), pp.193–202. Anon., History 10 (39) (Oct. 1925) inc. RGC on Hadrian’s Wall. The Times Literary Supplement (19 Nov. 1925). ‘Jupiter Tanarus’, Chester Archaeological Society Journal 26 (1925), pp.154–61.

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‘The Middleton Milestone’, CW 25 (1925), pp.367–8. ‘The Nature and Aims of a Philosophy of History’, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, new series, 25 (1924–5), pp.151–74. (Reprinted in Debbins.) Outlines of a Philosophy of Art. London: Oxford University Press, 1925. (Reprinted in Donagan; sections reprinted in E. F. Carritt (ed.) Philosophies of Beauty, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1931.) Anon., Outlines of a Philosophy of Art in Times Literary Supplement (16 April 1925): 269. Anon., Outlines of a Philosophy of Art in The Manchester Guardian (1 June 1925), p.5. Anon., Outlines of a Philosophy of Art in Boston Transcript (1 Aug 1925), Part 6, p.2. Anon., Outlines of a Philosophy of Art in Nature 116 (1925), p.94. Diffey, T. J., Review of reissue of R. G. Collingwood’s Outlines of a Philosophy of Art, Bristol: Thoemmes Press, 1994, in Collingwood Studies, 2 (1995): 234–42. Jahn, J., Outlines of a Philosophy of Art in Zeitschrift für Bildende Kunst 62 Beilage (1928), p.32. Stebbing, L. S., Outlines of a Philosophy of Art in Journal of Philosophical Studies 1 (1) (Jan. 1926), pp.90–3. Webert, J., Outlines of a Philosophy of Art in Revue des Sciences Philosophique et Théologique 16 (1927), p.70. ‘Plato’s Philosophy of Art’, Mind 34 (134) (April 1925), pp.154–72. (Reprinted in Donagan.) ‘Roman Britain in 1925’, JRS 15 (1925), pp.223–52. ‘Roman Sculpture at Wigton Vicarage’, CW 25 (1925), p.378. ‘Rome in Britain. IV. The Great Wall: Civilization on the Defensive’, The Home-Reading Magazine January 1925 (1924–5), pp.101–4. ‘Rome in Britain. V. The People and their Life’, The Home-Reading Magazine February 1925 (1924–5), pp.133–5. ‘Rome in Britain. VI. The End’, The Home-Reading Magazine, March 1925 (1924–5), pp.165–8. The Roman Signal Station on Castle Hill, Scarborough (Scarborough, Scarborough Corp. 1925). ‘Suggested Origin of the Fosse’, report of a lecture on ‘The Romans in the Midlands’ in The Herald (24 Jan. 1925), p.6. ‘Scarborough’s Roman Signal Station’ in The Manchester Guardian (18 July 1925), p.14. Wildon Carr, H., A Theory of Monads (London, 1922) in The Hibbert Journal 23 (2) 1925, pp.380–2 [Review]. 1926 Alexander, S., Art and the Material (London, 1925) in The Oxford Magazine (22 May 1926), pp.496–7. [Review]. ‘Burnswark’, Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society 13 (1925–6), pp.46–58. Brinton, Crane, The Political Ideas of the English Romanticists (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1926) in The Oxford Magazine (27 May 1926), p.497 [Review]. Bushe-Fox, J. P., First Report on the Excavation of the Roman Fort at Richborough in JRS 16 (1926) p.274 [Review]. ‘The City of the Legion’ in The Observer (21.3.1926) (reproduced in CBIS 17 (2) (2011), pp.160–3).

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Dodds, Annie Edwardes, The Romantic Theory of Poetry in The Oxford Magazine 27 May 1926, pp.494–5 [Review]. ‘Economics as a Philosophical Science’, International Journal of Ethics 36 (2) (Jan., 1926), pp.162–85 (reprinted in Boucher). Foord, Edward, The Last Age of Roman Britain in The English Historical Review 41 (161) (Jan.1926), pp.113–18 [Review]. Foord, Edward, The Last Age of Roman Britain in The Oxford Magazine 44, pp.520–1 (anon., but probably by Collingwood) [Review]. Foord, Edward, The Last Age of Roman Britain in CW 26 (1926) p.551 [Review]. ‘Four Centuries of Roman History’, The Yorkshire Post (6.4.26) (reproduced in CBIS 17 (2) (2011), pp.163–6). A Guide to the Chesters Museum (Newcastle: Andrew Reid, 1926). A Guide to the Roman Wall (Newcastle: Andrew Reid, 1926). ‘Liddel Strength’, CW 26 (1926), pp.390–7. Mothersole, Jessie, Agricola’s Road into Scotland in JRS 16 (1926), p.279 [Review]. ‘The Place of Art in Education’, Hibbert Journal 24 (1926), pp.434–48 (reprinted in Donagan). ‘Religion, Science, Philosophy’ in Truth and Freedom 2 (7) (Oct. 1926), pp.1–3 (reprinted in Rubinoff). ‘Roman Britain in 1926’, M. V. Taylor; R. G. Collingwood JRS 16 (1926), pp.216–44. ‘The Roman Camps on Burnswark Hill, Dumfriesshire’, The Antiquaries Journal 6 (1) (January 1926), pp.83–4. ‘Roman England’, Yorkshire Post (17.8.26) [Letter to the Editor] (reprinted in CBIS 18 (1) (2012), pp.86–9). ‘Roman England’, Yorkshire Post (21.8.26) [Letter to the Editor] (reprinted in CBIS 18 (1) (2012), pp.90–1). ‘Roman England’, Yorkshire Post (22.9.26) [Letter to the Editor] (reprinted in CBIS 18 (1) (2012), pp.94–5). ‘The Roman Fort at Bainbridge’, The Yorkshire Post (14.9.26) (reprinted in CBIS 17 (2) (2011), pp.166–73). ‘Roman Inscriptions and Sculptures belonging to the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne’, AA 4 (1926), pp.59–124 (reprinted by Northumberland Press Ltd., 1926). ‘Roman London’, The Observer (14 Feb. 1926) [Review of Roman London by Gordon Home]. ‘Roman London’, The Observer (28 Feb. 1926) [Letter to the Editor]. ‘Roman London’, The Observer (14 March 1926) [Letter to the Editor]. ‘The Roman Tombstone at Fordington’, Somerset and Dorset Notes and Queries 18 (1926) pp.31–3. ‘Some Perplexities about Time: With an Attempted Solution’, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, new series, 26 (1925–6), pp.135–50. Anon. ‘Some Perplexities about Time: with an Attempted Suggested Solution’, Mind 36 (141) (Jan. 1927), pp.114–15. Teggart, F. J., Theory of History (Yale University Press: London, Milford, 1925) in Journal of Philosophical Studies 1 (1926), pp.255–6 [Review]. ‘The Wansdyke Mystery’, Daily Mail (9.12.26) [Review of The Mystery of Wansdyke by Albany F. Major and Edward J. Burrow] (reproduced in CBIS 17 (2) (2011), pp.174–5).

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1927 ‘Aesthetic’, in R. J. S. McDowall (ed.) The Mind, London: Longmans, 1927. (Reprinted in CBIS 3 (1996), pp.195–215.) Drever, J., The Mind (ed. R. J. S. McDowall), Journal of Philosophical Studies 3 (11) (1928), pp.377–8. Lord, J. R., The Mind (ed. R. J. S. McDowall), The British Journal of Psychiatry 74 (307) (1928), pp.788–9. Price, H. H., The Mind (ed. R. J. S. McDowall), Oxford Magazine (24 Oct. 1929), pp.79–80. Bailey, Cyril (ed.), Epicurus: the extant remains (Oxford, 1926) and Walter Charleton, Epicurus: His Morales (London, 1926) in Monthly Criterion 6 (1927), pp.369–72 [Review]. Manning, F., Letter to the Editor concerning Collingwood’s review of Charleton’s Epicurus, in The Criterion 7 (1928), pp.61–2. Blake, Vernon, Relation in Art (Oxford: Oxford University Press) in The Oxford Magazine 24 Feb. 1927, pp.339–40 [Review]. ‘Burnswark Reconsidered’, Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society (1927), pp.46–58. Croce, Benedetto, An Autobiography (trans. R. G. Collingwood) (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1927). Anon., short notice in The Observer (22 May 1927), p.8. Anon., ‘Benedetto Croce’ in Aberdeen Press and Journal (13 June 1927), p.2. Dill, Sir Samuel, Roman Society in Gaul in the Merovingian Age (1926) in Antiquity 1 (1) (1927), pp.117–19 [Review]. ‘Four Roman Stones in Busbridge Park’, Busbridge Parish Magazine (Feb. 1927), p.3. ‘Hardknott Castle’, Antiquity 1 (1927), pp.476–8. ‘Maiden Castle in Stainmore’, CW 27 (1927), pp.170–7. ‘The Mallerstang Hoard’ (with H. Mattingley), CW 27 (1927) pp.205–17. ‘Notes on the Roman Altar from Hexham’, PSAN 3 (1927), pp.131–3. ‘Oswald Spengler and the Theory of Historical Cycles I’, Antiquity 1 (1927), pp.311–25. (Reprinted in Debbins.) ‘Reason is Faith Cultivating Itself ’, Hibbert Journal 26 (October 1927), pp.3–14. (Reprinted in Rubinoff.) ‘The Richborough Coins and the End of the Roman Occupation’ by F. S. Salisbury (Contribution to a discussion), The Antiquaries Journal 7 (1927), pp.279–80. ‘Roman Britain in 1927’ (with M. V. Taylor), JRS 17 (1927), pp.184–219. ‘The Roman Frontier in Britain’, Antiquity 1 (1927), pp.15–30. ‘The Roman Town at Aldborough’, in Aldborough and the Devil’s Arrows (ed. C. B. Fawcett) (handbook for British Association Excursion) (1927), pp.1–12. Rostovtzeff, M., The Social and Economic History of the Roman Empire (Oxford, 1926) in Antiquity 1 (1927), pp.367–8 [Review]. Ruggiero, Guido de, The History of European Liberalism (trans. R. G. Collingwood), Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1927. Dodd, A. H., European Liberalism by Guido de Ruggiero in History 15 (April 1930), pp.73–5.

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Hobson, J. A., The History of European Liberalism by Guido de Ruggiero (trans. R. G. Collingwood) in Journal of Philosophical Studies 3 (11) (July 1928), pp.378–80. H.J.L.[H.J. Laski], ‘European Liberalism’ in The Manchester Guardian (20 Dec. 1927), p.7. Macartney, C. A., The History of European Liberalism by Guido de Ruggiero (trans. R. G. Collingwood) in Journal of the Royal Institute of International Affairs 7 (2) (March 1928), pp.128–9. Woodward, E. L., History of European Liberalism by Guido de Ruggiero in The English Historical Review 43 (171) (July 1928), pp.442–4. Taylor, A. E., Plato, the Man and his Work (Methuen) 1926; and Jean Wahl Étude sur le Parménide de Platon (Rieder, Paris) 1926 in Monthly Criterion 6 (1927), pp.369–72 [Review]. ‘The Theory of Historical Cycles: II Cycles and Progress’, Antiquity 1 (1927) pp.435–46. (Reprinted in Debbins.) Wheeler, R. E. M., Prehistoric and Roman Wales in The English Historical Review 42 (165) (Jan. 1927), pp.109–10 [Review]. Wheeler, R. E. M., The Roman Fort near Brecon in The Antiquaries Journal 7 (2) (1927) pp.209–11 [Review]. 1928 Alexander, S., Art and Instinct in Journal of Philosophical Studies 3 (July 1928), pp.370–3 [Review]. Colin, Jean, Les Antiquités romaines de la Rhénanie in The Classical Review 42 (6) (Dec. 1928), p.238 [Review]. Corder, Philip, The Roman Pottery at Crambeck, Castle Howard in The Classical Review 42 (6) (Dec. 1928), pp.243–4 [Review]. ‘Excavations at Brough-by-Bainbridge in 1926’, Leeds Philosophical Society Proceedings (Lit. & Hist. Section) 5 (1) (1928), pp.261–84. ‘Excavations on Hadrian’s Wall. The Centurial Inscription’, CW 28 (1928), pp.387–8. Faith and Reason. London: Benn, 1928. (Reprinted in God and the Modern World (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1929) and in Rubinoff.) Anon., ‘Faith and Reason’ in The Times Literary Supplement (9 Aug. 1928). Artifex, ‘Some New Books’ in The Manchester Guardian (1 Aug. 1928), p.18. Farnell, L. R., Hedonism and Art (Proceedings of the British Academy, Oxford University Press) in The Journal of Philosophical Studies 3 (Oct. 1928), pp.547–8 [Review]. ‘The Fort on Carby Hill’, CW 28 (1928), pp.403–4. Gilbert, Katherine, Studies in Recent Aesthetics (University of North Carolina Press, 1927) in The Oxford Magazine (25 Oct. 1928), p.66. [Review]. ‘Hadrian’s Wall’, Antiquity 2 (6) (June 1928), pp.222–4. ‘Hadrian’s Wall: Mr. R.G. Collingwood on Recent Research’ in The Yorkshire Post (19 Dec. 1928), p.12. Hannah, Ian C., Voadica: A Romance of the Roman Wall in The Classical Review 42 (4) (Sept. 1928), p.151 [Review]. ‘Hardknott Castle’, CW 28 (1928), pp.314–52. Hopkinson, J. H., The Roman Fort at Ribchester in The Classical Review 42 (6) (Dec. 1928), p.244. ‘In Memoriam. Mrs. Isabel Clayton’, CW 29 (1929), pp.358–9 (Anon., but probably by RGC).

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‘Inscriptions on Stone and Lead’ – a section of ‘The Roman Amphitheatre at Caerleon, Monmouthshire’ by R. E. M. and T. V. Wheeler, Archaeologia 78 (1928), pp.155–9. ‘Inscriptions of Roman London’ in Royal Commission on Historic Monuments, an inventory of historical monuments in London. Volume III. Roman London (London, 1928), pp.170–7. ‘Iscrizioni e Sculture sul Vallo d’Adriano in Inghilterra’, Roma 6 (5) 1928, pp.193–201. ‘The Limits of Historical Knowledge’, Journal of Philosophical Studies 3 (10) (April 1928), pp.213–22. (Reprinted in Debbins.) Anon., Notice in CW 29 (1929), p.354 (probably by Collingwood). Lodge, R. C., Plato’s Theory of Ethics in The Criterion 8 (1928) pp.157–9 [Review]. Map of Roman Britain (2nd ed.) in The Geographical Journal 72 (July–Dec. 1928), pp.565–6 [Review]. ‘Old Carlisle’, CW 28 (1928), pp.103–19. ‘Professor Fabricius’ Visit. Reception Committee’s Report’ – F. G. Simpson, R. C. Bosanquet, R. G. Collingwood – ‘working in collaboration, but each writer remaining solely responsible for the parts written and initialled by himself ’. PSAN, 4th ser., 3 (1928), pp.280–6. ‘Roman Altars at High Moor House and Hale Church’, CW 28 (1928), pp.367–70. ‘Roman Britain in 1928’ (with M. V. Taylor), JRS 18, (1928), pp.191–214. ‘The Roman Camp at Little Clyde’, in Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquity Society, ser. 3, 15 (1927–8), pp.161–4. ‘Roman Ravenglass’, CW 28 (1928), pp.353–66. Sandys, Sir John Edwin, An Introduction to the Study of Latin Inscriptions (2nd ed. rev. by S. G. Campbell) (1927) in Antiquity 2 (7) (1928), p.242 [Review]. Santayana, George, The Realm of Essence (1928) in The New Adelphi 1 (1927–8), pp.357–60 [Review]. ‘The Scaleby Castle Roman Antiquities’, CW 28 (1928), pp.129–41. Stähelin, Felix, Die Schweiz in Romischer Zeit (Zurich, 1927) in JRS 18 (1928), pp.239–41 [Review]. Sumner, Heywood, Excavations in New Forest Pottery Sites (1927) in Antiquity 2 (5) (1928), pp.112–13 [Review]. ‘Wigton Old Church. Roman Tombstones’, CW 28 (1928), pp.97–8. Zachrisson, R. E., Romans, Kelts and Saxons in Ancient Britain in JRS 18 (1928), pp.117–19 [Review]. 1929 ‘The Berlin Congress’, Antiquity 3 (11) (September 1929), pp.339–40. Croce, Benedetto, ‘Aesthetic’ in Encyclopaedia Britannica 14th ed. (Chicago, 1929) (trans. R. G. Collingwood). Cuntz, Otto (ed.), Itineraria Romana in Antiquity 3 (11) (1929), p.383 [Review]. Fabricius, E., Der Obergermanisch-Rätisches Limes Römerreiches in CW 29 (1929), pp.351–4 [Review]. ‘A Forged Rock-Inscription near Lanercost’, CW 29 (1929), pp.91–7. ‘Form and Content in Art’, Journal of Philosophical Studies 4 (15) (July 1929), pp.332–45. (Reprinted in Donagan.) Fremersdorf, Fritz, Die Denkmäler des Römischen Koln (1928) in Antiquity 3 (10) 1929, p.256 [Review]. Lodge, R. C., Plato’s Theory of Ethics (Kegan Paul, 1928) in Criterion 8 (1928–9), pp.157–9 [Review].

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Lugli, G. (1926, 1928), Forma Italiae: Regio I, Latium et Campania: vol.1 Ager Pomptius, 1,2 in Antiquity 3 (11) (1929), pp.370–1 [Review]. Ogilvie, Alan G. (ed.), Great Britain: essays in regional geography by twenty-six authors (Cambridge, 1928) in Antiquity 3 (11) (1929), pp.363–4 [Review]. ‘A Philosophy of Progress’, The Realist 1 (1929), pp.64–77. (Reprinted in Debbins.) Anon., Notice in CW 29 (1929), p.354 (probably by Collingwood). ‘Political Action’ in Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, new series, 29 (1928–9), pp.155–76. (Reprinted in Boucher.) Anon., Notice in CW 29 (1929), p.354 (probably by Collingwood). Townsend, H. G., Review of Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 29 and Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 30, in The Philosophical Review 40 (5) (1931), pp.485–8. ‘Professor Fabricius’s Visit to Hadrian’s Wall’, CW 29 (1929), pp.336–8. ‘Roman Britain in 1929’ (with M. V. Taylor), JRS 19 (1929), pp.180–218. Roman Eskdale (Whitehaven: Whitehaven News, 1929). F.A.B. ‘Roman Eskdale’ in The Manchester Guardian (21 May 1929), p.5. R. E. M. W. [Wheeler], Roman Eskdale in The Archaeological Journal 87 (1930), pp.371–2. S. E. W. [Winbolt], Roman Eskdale (and others) in The Geographical Journal 74 (5) (Nov., 1929), pp.481–2. ‘Roman Signal Stations on the Cumberland Coast’, CW 29 (1929), pp.138–65. Introduction to Arthur Smith, A Catalogue of Roman Inscribed Stones found in the City of Lincoln, The Lincolnshire Publishing Company Limited, Lincoln, 1929, pp.v–vii. ‘Town and Country in Roman Britain’, Antiquity 3 (1929), pp.261–76. Randall, H. J., ‘Population and Agriculture in Roman Britain: A Reply’, Antiquity 4 (1930), pp.80–90. Wheeler, R. E. M., ‘Mr. Collingwood and Mr. Randall: a Note’, Antiquity 4 (1930), pp.91–5. Wheeler, T. V., ‘The Caerleon Amphitheatre: a summary’ in Antiquity 3 (10) (1929), p.255 [Review]. 1930 The Archaeology of Roman Britain, London: Methuen, 1930. (Revised edition, edited by I. A. Richmond, London: Methuen, 1969.) Anon., The Archaeology of Roman Britain in Archaeological Journal 87 (1930), pp.381–2. Anon., The Archaeology of Roman Britain in Times Literary Supplement (18 December 1930). Anon., The Archaeology of Roman Britain in Journal of the Royal Institute of British Architects 38 (1930), p.51 Anon., The Archaeology of Roman Britain in Nature 127 (1931), p.9. Atkinson, Donald, The Archaeology of Roman Britain in Archaeologia Cambrensis 1931, pp.367–70. Birley, Eric, The Archaeology of Roman Britain and The Defences of the Roman Fort at Malton by Philip Corder in AA, 4th ser., 8 (1931), pp.339–41. Birley, Eric, The Archaeology of Roman Britain in CW 31 (1931), pp.210–11.

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Bosanquet, R. C., The Archaeology of Roman Britain in JRS 23 (1933), pp.100–1. Cary, M., The Archaeology of Roman Britain in History 15 (Jan.1931), p.348. Casson, S., The Archaeology of Roman Britain in London Mercury 24 (1931), p.282. Churchill, George M., The Archaeology of Roman Britain in Art and Archaeology 33 (1932), p.112. Droop, J. P., The Archaeology of Roman Britain in Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology 18 (1931), pp.55–6. Grenier, A., Roman Britain in Revue des Études Anciennes 34 (1932), pp.332–3. MacDonald, G., ‘Eyes and No Eyes’ in The Observer (26 Oct. 1930), p.9. MacNeill, E., The Archaeology of Roman Britain in Studies. An Irish Quarterly Review 20 (1931), pp.144–5. Mattingly, Harold, The Archaeology of Roman Britain in Classical Review 45 (1931), pp.84–5. McMahon, A. Philip, The Archaeology of Roman Britain in Parnassus 2 (8) (Dec. 1930), p.42. Radford, C. A. R., The Archaeology of Roman Britain in Journal of the British Archaeological Association 36 (1930), pp.426–8. Richmond, I. A., The Archaeology of Roman Britain in Antiquity 5 (1931), pp.504–6. Vulliamy, C. E., The Archaeology of Roman Britain in Man 31 (1931), pp.13–14. Westgate, R. I. W., The Archaeology of Roman Britain in American Journal of Archaeology 35 (3) (July–Sept. 1931), p.361. R. E. M. W. [Wheeler], The Archaeology of Roman Britain in The Antiquaries Journal 11 (1931), pp.173–5. S. E. W. [Winbolt], The Archaeology of Roman Britain in The Geographical Journal 77 (3) (Mar. 1931), pp.261–2. The Book of the Pilgrimage of Hadrian’s Wall, July 1st to July 4th, 1930 (Newcastle: Society of Antiquaries, 1930). Bury, J. B., The Invasion of Europe by the Barbarians (1928) in Antiquity 4 (15) (1930), p.388 [Review]. ‘A Correction to an article in Antiquity III’, in Antiquity 4 (13) (1930), p.113. ‘Discoveries at Birdoswald, on Hadrian’s Wall’, Antiquity 4 (13) (1930), pp.102–3. Fabricius, E., Der Obergermanisch-Rätisches Limes Römerreiches Lieferung xlvii, Streche 13 in JRS 20 (1930), pp.108–9 [Review]. ‘Five Notes’, CW 30 (1930), pp.116–24. ‘Hadrian’s Wall. An Appeal from Oxford University’ (Letter to The Times, 3 May 1930) (reprinted in CBIS 17 (2) (2011), pp.177–8). ‘Hadrian’s Wall. A System of Numerical References’, PSAN 4 (1930), pp.179–87. London Museum Catalogues: no. 3 London in Roman Times in The Antiquaries Journal 10 (1930), pp.399–400 [Review]. Lugli, G., The Classical Monuments of Rome and its Vicinity (1929) in Antiquity 4 (15) (1930), pp.386–7 [Review]. ‘A Newly-discovered Roman site in Cumberland’, Antiquity 4 (1930), pp.472–7. Petition to the Prime Minister (Ramsay MacDonald) on behalf of the Cumberland and Westmorland Archaeological and Antiquarian Society, concerning quarrying on Hadrian’s Wall, Cumberland Evening News (24 April 1930). The Philosophy of History (1930) (Historical Association Leaflet, no. 79) (London: Bell, 1930). (Reprinted in Debbins.) ‘Recent Discovery of Roman Objects at Carlisle’, CW 30 (1930), pp.220–1.

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‘The Recent Roman Finds in Stanwix’, letter to the Director of the Tullie House Museum, reprinted in Carlisle Journal (9 Dec 1930). ‘The Roman Relics at Stanwix: Mr R. G. Collingwood’s Report’, Carlisle Journal (18 March 1930). ‘Roman Remains in the Craven Museum: Prof. Collingwood’s Notes’ [with photo by RGC], The Craven Herald (25 July 1930). ‘Roman Britain’, The Year’s Work in Classical Studies (1930), pp.91–100. ‘Romano-Celtic Art in Northumbria’, Archaeologia 80 (Jan. 1930), pp.37–58. ‘The Roman Fort at Watercrook, Kendal’, CW 30 (1930), pp.96–107. ‘The Roman Fort at Overburrow’, CW 30 (1930), pp.216–17. ‘A System of Numerical References to the Parts of Hadrian’s Wall and the Structures along its Line’, CW 30 (1930), pp.108–15. Stace, W. T., The Meaning of Beauty: A Theory of Aesthetics (London: Richards & Toulmin, 1929) in Journal of Philosophical Studies 5 (1930), pp.460–3 [Review]. Stace replied in a letter to the editor in the same volume pp.464–5. ‘The Roman Wall from Wallsend to Rudchester Burn’ by G. R. B. Spain, with assistance from F. G. Simpson, R. G. Collingwood and R. C. Bosanquet, in Northumberland County History (1930) (VCH) 13, pp.484–565. Urban, W. M. The Intelligible World (London, 1929) and Laird, John The Idea of Value (Cambridge, 1929) in Monthly Criterion 9 (1929–30), pp.320–7 [Review]. Warmington, E. H., The Commerce between the Roman Empire and India (1928) in Antiquity 4 (15) (1930), p.384 [Review]. 1931 Corder, Philip, Roman Malton and District – Report No.1: The Roman Pottery at Crambeck, Castle Howard & Report No.2: The Defences of the Roman Fort at Malton in The Antiquaries Journal 11 (1931), pp.93–5 [Review]. Ducasse, C. J., The Philosophy of Art in Philosophy 6 (July 1931), pp.383–6 [Review]. Gest, A. P., Engineering in The Classical Review 45 (1) (Feb. 1931), p.46 [Review]. Gore, Charles, The Philosophy of the Good Life in The Criterion 10 (40) (1931), pp.560–2. [Review] ‘Hadrian’s Wall: 1921–1930’, JRS 21 (1931), pp.36–64. ‘Mars Rigisamus’, Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society Proceedings 77 (1931), pp.112–14. ‘A new Roman fort in Cumberland’ in The Antiquaries Journal 11 (1931), pp.68–70. ‘Note on Dates of Early Christian Objects’, in W. H. Buckler, ‘A Greek Inscription at Petworth’, The Journal of Hellenic Studies, 51(1) (1931), pp.106–8, p.108. ‘Objects from Brough-under-Stainmore in the Craven Museum, Skipton’, CW 31 (1931), pp.81–6. ‘Roman Britain in 1930’ (with M. V. Taylor), JRS 21 (1931), pp.215–50. ‘A Roman Fortlet on Barrock Fell, near Low Hesket’, CW 31 (1931) pp.111–18. ‘The Roman Signal Station’, in Rowntree, A. (ed.), A History of Scarborough (London: Dent, 1931), pp.40–50. Wroot, H.E., ‘A New History of Scarborough’ in The Yorkshire Post (28 May 1931), p.6. ‘Roman Objects from Stanwix’, CW 31 (1931), pp.69–80. ‘Roman Objects from Stanwix and Thatcham’, AJ 11 (1931), pp.36–45. Ruggiero, Guido de, ‘Science, History, and Philosophy’ in Journal of Philosophical Studies 6 (1931), pp.166–79, (trans. R. G. Collingwood).

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Rushforth, G. McN., Latin Historical Inscriptions illustrating the history of the early Empire (1930) in Antiquity 5 (18) (1931), p.260 [Review]. ‘The Showman’s Speech’ in The Fothergill Omnibus (London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1931). US edition titled Mr Fothergill’s Plot (New York: Oxford University Press, 1931). Reprinted in CBIS 2 (1995). Anon., The Fothergill Omnibus in The Times Literary Supplement (5 November 1931). Eaton, James J., ‘Eighteen Authors – One Plot’ in The Yorkshire Post (23 Nov. 1931), p.6. Grace, H., ‘Variations in Music and Literature’ in The Listener (20 Jan. 1932), p.99. A.N.M., ‘Full Inside’ in The Manchester Guardian (30 Oct. 1931), p.5. Schulten, Adolf, Numantia: Die Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen 1905–1912. Vol. II: Die Stadt Numantia (Munich, 1931) in JRS 21 (1931), pp.154–7 (with M. I. Munro) [Review]. Silverpoint [Mary Fair], A Little Guide to Eskdale (1930) in Antiquity 5 (1) (1931), p.268 [Review]. Temperley, Harold (ed.), Selected Essays of J. B. Bury (Cambridge: University Press, 1930) in The English Historical Review 46 (183) (July 1931) pp.461–5 [Review]. ‘Ten Years’ Work on Hadrian’s Wall: 1920–30’, CW 31 (1931) pp.87–110. ‘Hadrian’s Wall: Significance of Recent Discoveries’ in The Times (12 Mar. 1931), p.9. 1932 Blanchet, A.; Paul Couissin; Comte Henry de Gérin-Richard, International Map of the Roman Empire & Forma Orbis Romani. Carte Archéologique de la Gaule Romaine in JRS 22 (2) (1932), pp.249–50 [Review]. Burn, A. R., The Romans in Britain: an anthology of inscriptions in The Oxford Magazine 50 (1932), p.771 [Review]. D’Arcy, M. C., The Nature of Belief in Monthly Criterion 11 (43) (1932), pp.334–6 [Review]. Forrer, R., Strasbourg-Argentorate (1930) in Antiquity 7 (25) (1933), pp.103–4 [Review]. A Guide to the Roman Wall (2nd ed.) (Newcastle, 1932). ‘Inscriptions’ in Report on the Excavation of the Prehistoric, Roman, and Post-Roman Site in Lydney Park, Gloucestershire (Society of Antiquaries Research Report ix) by R. E. M. and T. V. Wheeler (Oxford, 1932), pp.100–5. Jascalevich, Alejandro A., ‘Locke’ (Azul, Revista de ciencias y letras, agosto 1931, pp.90–106) in The Oxford Magazine 26 May 1932 pp.737–8 [Review]. Obituary for W. G. Collingwood in The Times (3 Oct. 1932). Reid, L. A., A Study in Aesthetics in Philosophy 7 (July 1932) pp.335–7 [Review]. Roman Britain (rev. ed.). London: Oxford University Press, 1932. (Reprinted 1934.) Albertini, E., Roman Britain in Revue Historique 173 (1934), pp.626–7. Anderson, J. G. C., Roman Britain in The Oxford Magazine 50 (1932), pp.771–2. Anon., Times Literary Supplement (7 April 1932), p.240. Anon., Roman Britain in Greece & Rome 1 (3) (May, 1932), pp.185–6. Anon., Scottish Geographical Magazine 48 (1932), p.297. Anon., Short notice of Roman Britain in The Observer (20 Mar, 1932), p.5. Anon., Review of Roman Britain in The Listener (9 Mar. 1932), p.351. Evans-Pritchard, E. E., Roman Britain in Man 32 (Sept. 1932), pp.220–1. Grenier, A., Roman Britain in Revue des Études Anciennes 34 (1932), pp.332–3. Hawkes, Christopher, Roman Britain in The Antiquaries Journal 13 (1933), pp.67–9. Myres, John L., Roman Britain in JRS 22 (1932), pp.252–3. J.E.L Review of Roman Britain in Welsh Outlook, 19 (7) (1932), p.194.

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H.D.N., ‘Roman Britain’ in The Manchester Guardian (19 April 1932), p.5. Petch, J. A., Roman Britain in The Classical Review 46 (5) (Nov. 1932), p.237. Richmond, I. A., Roman Britain in Antiquity 6 (23) (Sept. 1932), p.372. Weiss, J., Roman Britain in Deutsche Geographische Gesellschaft in Wien 76 (1932), p.83. S. E. W. [Winbolt], Roman Britain in The Geographical Journal 80 (1) (July 1932), p.57. ‘Roman Britain in 1931’ (with M. V. Taylor), JRS 22 (2) (1932), pp.198–229. ‘Two Greek Fortresses in Sicily’, Antiquity 6 (23) (Sept. 1932), pp.261–75. 1933 An Essay on Philosophical Method. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1933. Anon., Brief notice in CW 34 (1934), p.224 (probably by RGC). Anon., An Essay on Philosophical Method, in Times Literary Supplement (13 April 1938), p.533. Anon., An Essay on Philosophical Method, The Manchester Guardian (5 Jan. 1934). B. G., ‘Philo-Philosophy’ in The Tablet (23 Dec. 1933). Cross, F. L., An Essay on Philosophical Method in Church Quarterly Review 118 (1934), pp.303–5. D’Arcy, M. C., An Essay on Philosophical Method in The Criterion 13 (1933–4), pp.500–3. Ducasse, C. J., ‘Mr. Collingwood on Philosophical Method’ in The Journal of Philosophy 33 (4) (13 Feb. 1936), pp.95–106. (See also Chapter three (‘Philosophy as Poetic Literature about the Cosmos’) in C. J. Ducasse, Philosophy as a Science (Oskar Piest, 1941).) G. T., An Essay on Philosophical Method in Nature 134 (1934), p.648. Hartshorne, Charles, An Essay on Philosophical Method in International Journal of Ethics 44 (3) (Apr. 1934), pp.357–8. Knox, T. M., ‘Philosophical Method’ in The Oxford Magazine (23 Nov. 1933), pp.257–9. Murphy, Arthur E., An Essay on Philosophical Method in The Philosophical Review 44 (2) (Mar. 1935), pp.191–2. Ronayne, C. F., ‘Conclusions as Premises’ in The American Review 4 (1935), pp.627–33. Russell, L. J., An Essay on Philosophical Method in Philosophy 9 (35) (July 1934), pp.350–2. Ryan, John K., An Essay on Philosophical Method in The New Scholasticism 8 (2) (April 1934), pp.172–4. Schiller, F. C. S., An Essay on Philosophical Method in Mind, new series, 43 (169) (Jan. 1934), pp.117–34. Smith, H. Jeffery, ‘Philosophy and Sensation’ EPM and Charles Hartshorne’s The Philosophy and Psychology of Sensation in Personalist (Jan 1936), 89f. Williams, H. R., An Essay on Philosophical Method in Dublin Review 98 (1934), pp.150–3. Wood, G. O., ‘A Discourse on Method’ Times Literary Supplement (1 March 1934), p.136. See also E. A. Burtt, ‘The Problem of Philosophic Method’, The Philosophical Review 55 (5) (Sept. 1946), pp.505–33. Forrer, R., Strasbourg-Argentorate (Strasbourg: Istra, 1927) in Antiquity 7 (1933), pp.103–4 [Review].

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A Guide to the Roman Wall (3rd ed.) (Newcastle: Andrew Reid, 1933). ‘An Introduction to the Prehistory of Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire north of the Sands’, CW 33 (1933), pp.163–200. O. G. S. C. [Crawford], ‘An Introduction to the Prehistory of Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire north of the sands’ in Antiquity 8 (31) (1934), pp.361–3. In Memoriam. W. G. Collingwood, CW 33 (1933), pp.308–12. MacDonald, George, Roman Britain: 1914–1928 (London: H. Milford, 1931) in JRS 23 (1933), pp.99–100 [Review]. ‘Prehistoric Settlements near Crosby Ravensworth’, CW 33 (1933), pp.201–26. Report of Collingwood’s Speech at the opening of the Armitt museum, Ambleside, The Westmorland Gazette, March 25, 1933. Sheldon, Gilbert, The Transition from Roman Britain to Christian England (AD 368–664) (London: Macmillan, 1932) in Antiquity 7 (25) (1933), pp.111–13 [Review]. Woodhouse, W. J., The Fight for an Empire: a translation of the third book of the histories of Tacitus (1931) in Antiquity 7 (25) (1933), p.111 [Review]. 1934 Collingwood Bruce, Handbook to the Roman Wall (9th ed., rev. R. G. Collingwood) (Newcastle: Andrew Reid, 1934). Anon., Handbook to the Roman Wall by J. Collingwood Bruce (ed. R. G. Collingwood) in Greece & Rome 3 (8) (Feb. 1934), p.126. R. C. Bosanquet, The Handbook to the Roman Wall by J. Collingwood Bruce (ed. R. G. Collingwood) in The Classical Review 48 (4) (Sept. 1934), p.154. J. J. R. Bridge, The Handbook to the Roman Wall by J. Collingwood Bruce (ed. R. G. Collingwood) in Antiquity 8 (1934) pp.119–20. G. M. [George MacDonald] Collingwood Bruce, Handbook to the Roman Wall (ed. R. G. Collingwood) in History 18 (March 1934), pp.378–9. MacDonald, George, Handbook to the Roman Wall (9th ed.) in JRS 24 (1934), pp.103–4. S. E. W. [Winbolt], The Handbook to the Roman Wall by J. Collingwood Bruce (ed. R. G. Collingwood) in The Geographical Journal 82 (6) (Dec. 1933), p.542. Corder, P., ‘Excavations at the Roman Fort at Brough, E. Yorkshire’ in CW 34 (1934), pp.223–4 [Review]. (Anon., but probably RGC.) ‘Introduction to Eighteenth-Century Aesthetic’, B. Croce (trans. R. G. Collingwood) Philosophy 9 (34) (Apr. 1934), pp.157–67. MacDonald, George, The Roman Wall in Scotland (2nd ed., Oxford, 1934) in CW 34 (1934), p.224 [Review]. (Anon, probably RGC). ‘Oakeshott and the Modes of Experience’, in Cambridge Review (16 Feb. 1934) [Review]. (Reprinted in E. Homberger, W. Janeway and S. Schama (eds.) The Cambridge Mind, London: Cape, 1969, pp.132–4) ‘The Northern Frontiers from Tiberius to Nero. III. The Romans and Britain. IV. The Conquest of Britain’, Cambridge Ancient History Vol. X (1934) The Augustan Empire 44BC–AD70, pp.790–802. Anon., The Cambridge Ancient History, Vol. X: The Augustan Empire in The Times Literary Supplement (8 Feb. 1935). Jakob A. O. Larsen, The Cambridge Ancient History, Vol. X: The Augustan Empire, 44 B.C.–A.D. 70 by S. A. Cook ; F. E. Adcock ; M. P. Charlesworth and The Cambridge Ancient History by C. T. Seltman in Classical Philology 31 (4) (Oct. 1936), pp.361–4.

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‘The Present Need of a Philosophy’, Philosophy 9 (35) (July 1934), pp.262–5 (reprinted in Boucher). John Laird and Harold H. Coombes, ‘The Present Need of a Philosophy’ Correspondence in Philosophy 9 (36) (Oct. 1934), pp.387–8. J. H. Muirhead, W. S. Taylor, H. N. Parsons, ‘The Present Need of a Philosophy’ Correspondence in Philosophy 10 (38) (Apr. 1935), pp.131–9. ‘Roman Britain in 1933’ (with M. V. Taylor), JRS 24 (1934), pp.196–221. 1935 ‘The Bewcastle Cross’, CW 35 (1935), pp.1–29. ‘Bishop Nicholson’s Diaries: Part VI’, CW 35 (1935) pp.80–145. Corder, P., ‘Excavations at the Roman town at Brough-on-Humber, 1934’, CW 35 (1935), p.287 [Review] (Anon., probably RGC). ‘The Historical Imagination’ (inaugural lecture) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1935) (Reprinted in The Idea of History). E. W. F. T. [Tomlin], ‘The Historical Imagination’ in The Criterion 25 (Oct. 1935–July 1936), pp.573–4. In Memoriam. R. C. Bosanquet, CW 35 (1935) pp.289–90 (Anon., probably by RGC). ‘The Inscription from the Turf-Wall Milecastle at High House’, CW 35 (1935), pp.229–32. MacDonald, George, Roman Britain, 1914–1928 in JRS 25 (1935), p.128 [Review] [also reviewed in 1933]. Massow, W. von, Die Gräbmäler von Neumagen (Berlin and Leipzig: Gruyter, 1934) in JRS 25 (1935), pp.117–18 [Review]. ‘Note on Inscriptions (from the Turf Wall Milecastle 50)’, JRS 25 (1935), pp.16–18. ‘Roman Britain in 1934: I. Sites Explored: II. Inscriptions’, JRS 25 (1935), pp.201–27. Romano-British Kent (Victoria County History) in JRS 25 (1935), pp.118–19 [Review]. Wheeler, R. E. M. and Mrs Wheeler, Report on the Excavation of the Prehistoric, Roman and Post-Roman Site in Lydney Park, Gloucestershire in JRS 25 (1935), pp.119–20 [Review]. 1936 ‘Abstract Art’ [Anon., probably by RGC], The Oxford Magazine (13 Feb. 1936), p.368. ‘Abstract and Concrete Art at Arts Club’ [Anon., probably by RGC], The Oxford Magazine (20 Feb. 1936) pp.395–6. Appeal for Inscriptions, Antiquity 10 (1936), p.260. Speech at the opening of Housesteads Museum The Manchester Guardian (24 July 1936). ‘Human Nature and Human History’, Proceedings of the British Academy 22 (1936). (Reprinted in The Idea of History.) W. G. de Burgh, ‘Human Nature and Human History’, Philosophy 12 (46) (April 1937), pp.233–6. ‘The Latin West’ in Cambridge Ancient History, Vol. XI (1936) The Imperial Peace AD70– 192, pp.479–525. J. A. O. Larsen, The Cambridge Ancient History, Vol. XI: The Imperial Peace, A.D. 70–192 by S. A. Cook, F. E. Adcock and M. P. Charlesworth in Classical Philology 34 (2) (April 1939), pp.160–2.

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MacDonald, George, The Roman Wall in Scotland (2nd ed., Oxford, 1934) in JRS 26 (1) (1936), pp.80–6 [Review]. Maiuri, Amedeo (translated by L. Sergio), Pompeii in JRS 26 (2) (1936), p.298 [Review]. ‘Mrs. Mortimer Wheeler’, Letter to The Times (2.5.36) (reproduced in CBIS 17 (2) (2011), pp.178–9). Roman Britain and the English Settlements (with J. N. L. Myres) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1936) (2nd ed., 1937). Anon., Roman Britain and the English Settlements in Times Literary Supplement (23 Jan. 1937), p.52. Anon., ‘Roman Britain’ Roman Britain and the English Settlements in Geographical Review 29 (3) (Jul. 1939), pp.524–5. Anon., Roman Britain and the English Settlements in The Listener (9 Dec. 1936), pp.1112–13. Blair, Peter Hunter, Roman Britain and the English Settlements in The English Historical Review 52 (208) (Oct. 1937), pp.683–7. Brandl, A., Roman Britain and the English Settlements in Deutsch Literaturzeitung 58 (1937), pp.968–72. Cronne, H. A., Roman Britain and the English Settlements in History 22 (1937–38), pp.350–1. Darby, H. C., Roman Britain and the English Settlements in Cambridge Review 58 (1937), p.239. Faider-Feytmans, G., Roman Britain and the English Settlements in Antiquité Classique 21 (1952), pp.230–1. Feiling, K., ‘Our Trumpets Waken the Wall’ in The Observer (29 Nov. 1936), p.9. Fox, Cyril, Roman Britain and the English Settlements in Nature 139 (1937), pp.213–14. Gray, Louis H., Roman Britain and the English Settlements in The American Historical Review 43 (1) (Oct. 1937), pp.89–90. Hammond, Mason, Roman Britain and the English Settlements in Political Science Quarterly 53 (1938), pp.455–7. Johnson, Allan Chester, Roman Britain and the English Settlements in The Classical Weekly 30 (21) (19 Apr. 1937), pp.236–7. Kemp, Malone, Roman Britain and the English Settlements in Modern Language Notes 53 (3) (March 1938), pp.220–2. McGuire, Martin R. P., Roman Britain and the English Settlements in Catholic Historical Review 23 (1937–8), pp.482–3. Piganiol, Andre, Roman Britain and the English Settlements in Revue Historique 192 (1941), pp.307–8. Powicke, F.M. ‘Romans and English’ in The Manchester Guardian (26 Jan. 1937), p.7. P. K. B. R. [Bailey Reynolds], Roman Britain and the English Settlements in The Antiquaries Journal 17 (1937), pp.451–3. Richmond, I. A., Roman Britain and the English Settlements in AA, 4th ser., 14 (1937), pp.258–67. Richmond, I. A., Roman Britain and the English Settlements in Journal of the British Archaeological Association, 3rd ser., 2 (1937), pp.197–200. Robert, Étienne, Roman Britain and the English Settlements in Revue des Études Anciennes 53 (1951), p.391. T. C. L., Roman Britain and the English Settlements in Man 38 (April 1938), p.62.

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Tischler, F., Roman Britain and the English Settlements in Offa: Berichte und Mitteilungen aus dem Schleswig-Holsteinischen Landes Museum Vorgeschichtelicher Altertümer in Kiel 3 (1938), pp.156–60. Wheeler, R. E. M., Roman Britain and the English Settlements in JRS 29 (1) (1939), pp.87–93. Whittick, G. Clement, Roman Britain and the English Settlements in Classical Review 51 (1937), pp.77–8. S. E. W. [Winbolt], Roman Britain and the English Settlements in The Geographical Journal 89 (1) (Jan. 1937), pp.66–7. Zeiss, H., Roman Britain and the English Settlements in Historische Zeitschrifte 159 (1939), pp.111–12. See also ‘J. N. L. Myres (1902–1989)’ Interviewed by David Gerrard Library History 15 (2) (1999), pp.125–35. ‘Roman Britain in 1935: II. Inscriptions’, R. G. Collingwood, JRS 26 (2) (1936), pp.263–7. ‘The Roman Fort and Settlement at Maryport’, CW 36 (1936), pp.85–99. ‘The Roman Fort at Beckfoot’, CW 36 (1936), pp.76–84. Roman Inscriptions Appeal, The Antiquaries Journal 16 (1936), p.326. ‘Roman Inscriptions Wanted’, The Times and The Manchester Guardian (22.5.36) (reprinted in CBIS 17 (2) (2011), pp.178–9). ‘A Roman Milestone from Margam, Glamorgan’, Archaeologia Cambrensis (1936), pp.145–6. 1937 Brightfield, Myron F., The Issue in Literary Criticism. (Berkeley, Cal.: University of California Press, 1932) in Philosophy 12 (Jan. 1937), pp.114–16 [Review]. Corder, P., ‘Excavations at the Roman Town at Brough, E. Yorkshire, 1936’, CW 37 (1937), p.228 [Review] (Anon., probably RGC). ‘King Arthur’s Round Table’, The Manchester Guardian (7.8.37) (reprinted in CBIS 17 (2) (2011), pp.181–5). Klibansky, Raymond and H. J. Paton, Philosophy and History: Essays presented to Ernst Cassirer (Oxford, 1936) in The English Historical Review 52 (205) (Jan. 1937), pp.141–6. [Review], (Reprinted in CBIS 5 (1998), pp.145–51.) ‘Report of the Discussion on “Roman Britain as a Subject of Teaching”, Held on January 12th, 1937’, JRS 27 (2) (1937), pp.251–3. ‘Roman Altar from Hexham’, PSAN 3 (1937), pp.131–3. ‘Roman Britain’, in Volume III of An Economic Survey of Ancient Rome (ed. Tenney Frank) Baltimore and Oxford: Johns Hopkins Press, 1937, pp.1–118. (Reprinted Paterson, NJ, 1957.) Cary, M., An Economic Survey of Ancient Rome by R. G. Collingwood, J. J. van Nostrand, V. M. Scramuzza and A. Grenier in Classical Philology 33 (4) (Oct. 1938), pp.430–2. Charlesworth, M. P., An Economic Survey of Ancient Rome by Tenney Frank in The Classical Review 52 (5) (Nov. 1938), p.187. Harrer, G. A., An Economic Survey of Ancient Rome. Vols. III & IV in The Classical Journal 37 (8) (May 1942), pp.490–3. Laistner, M. L. W., An Economic Survey of Ancient Rome. Volume III, Roman Britain by Tenney Frank, R. G. Collingwood, J. J. van Nostrand, V. M. Scramuzza and A. Grenier in The Classical Weekly 31 (7) (13 Dec. 1937), pp.63–4.

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213

West, Louis C., An Economic Survey of Ancient Rome by Tenney Frank, R. G. Collingwood, J. J. Van Nostrand, V. M. Scramuzza and A. Grenier in The American Historical Review 43 (3) (April 1938), pp.580–2. ‘Roman Britain in 1936: II. Inscriptions’, JRS 27 (2) (1937), pp.223–50. ‘Two Roman Mountain Roads’, CW 37 (1937), pp.1–12. 1938 ‘The Hill-Fort on Carrock Fell’, CW 38 (1938), pp.32–41. ‘Carlisle Castle’ in The Manchester Guardian (18.1.38) (reproduced in CBIS 17 (2) (2011), pp.185–6). Also reprinted as ‘A Carlisle Castle Armorial’ in The Times (18 Jan. 1938), p.15. Interview in Java-Bode (22 Nov. 1938); substance reprinted in De Indische Courant, 23 Nov. 1938. ‘John Horsley and Hadrian’s Wall’, AA 15 (1938), pp.1–42. ‘King Arthur’s Round Table. Report on the Excavations of 1937’, CW 38 (1938), pp.1–31. ‘On the So-Called Idea of Causation’, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 38 (1937–8), pp.85–112. The Principles of Art. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1938 Anon., Notice of The Principles of Art in John O’London’s Weekly (22 April 1938). Anon., The Principles of Art in Times Literary Supplement (13 Aug. 1938) p.533. Notice of The Principles of Art in CW 38 (1938), p.314. (Anon., but probably RGC.) J. B. [Jean Babelon], The Principles of Art in Gazette des Beaux-Arts (Dec. 38). Carritt, E. F., The Principles of Art in The Manchester Guardian (27 May 1938). Carritt, E. F., The Principles of Art in Philosophy 13 (52) (Oct. 1938), pp.492–6. Clutton Brock, A. F., ‘Art and the Nature of Language: a Theory of Aesthetic’ in Times Literary Supplement (13 Aug. 1938). Cournos, J., ‘The True Business of the Artist’, New York Times (17 July 38). T. M. K. [Knox], The Principles of Art in The Oxford Magazine (9 June 1938). McMahon, Philip A., The Principles of Art in Parnassus 11 (2) (Feb., 1939), pp.29–30. Oakeshott, Michael, The Principles of Art in The Cambridge Review 59 (9 June 1938), p.487. [Reprinted in CBIS 4 (1997), pp.189–92.] Price-Jones, G., The Principles of Art in Burlington Magazine 73 (July–Oct. 1938), p.185. Read, H., ‘What is Art?’ in The Listener Supp. 14 (18 May 1938). Tomlin, E. W. F., The Principles of Art in The Criterion 18 (Oct. 1938), pp.118–23. Varadachari, K. C., ‘Professor Collingwood’s Theory of Art’, Philosophical Quarterly (India), 16 (1940), pp.218–23. Vivas, Elisbo, The Principles of Art in The Nation 148 (1939), p.98. ‘Roman Britain in 1937: I. Sites Explored: II. Inscriptions’, JRS 28 (2) (1938), pp.169–206. Short Memoir of R. C. Bosanquet, quoted in Ellen S. Bosanquet, Robert Carr Bosanquet, Letters and Light Verse, Gloucester, 1938, p.9. ‘A Stone Spindle Whorl from Barbon’, CW 38 (1938), pp.310–11. 1939 An Autobiography. London, Oxford University Press, 1939. (Reprinted by Penguin in 1944, with silent corrections; reprinted with an introduction by Stephen Toulmin, 1978). Revised edition, with Log of a Journey to the East Indies 1939, biographical and other essays, edited with an introduction by David Boucher and Teresa Smith, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.

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Anon., ‘A Philosopher’s Life. Thought in Human Affairs.’ The Times Literary Supplement (5 August 1939), p.464. Anon., ‘Philosopher’s Life’ in The Times (15 Aug. 1939), p.8. Crossman, R. H. S., ‘When Lightning Struck the Ivory Tower: R. G. Collingwood’ in New Statesman and Nation 17 (1939), pp.222–3. (Reprinted in The Charm of Politics and other essays in political criticism by R. H. S. Crossman (London: Hamilton, 1958).) Feiling, K., ‘A Good Hard Dig’ in The Observer (15 Oct. 1939), p.3. Hannay, A. H., An Autobiography in International Journal of Ethics 51 (1941), pp.369–70. Hicks, G. Dawes, ‘Survey of Literature’ includes review of An Autobiography in Hibbert Journal 38 (1939), pp.128–31. Hodges, H. A., An Autobiography, in Theology 40 (240) (June 1940), pp.463–5. H. W. B. J. [H. W. B. Joseph], An Autobiography in The Oxford Magazine (26 Oct. 1939), pp.34–6. Joad, C. E. M., ‘Appeal to Philosophers’ in Philosophy 15 (60) (Oct. 1940), pp.400–16. F.W.K., Short notice of Pelican reprint of An Autobiography in The Western Morning News (30 May 1945), p.2. S. P. L. [S. P. Lamprecht], The Journal of Philosophy 36 (26) (21 Dec. 1939), pp.717–18. Marcham, F. G., The Philosophical Review 50 (5) (September 1941), p.546. Maxwell, J. G., ‘Philosophy at Oxford’ in Scrutiny 8 (3) (1939), pp.319–24. Muirhead, J. H., An Autobiography in Philosophy 15 (57) (January 1940), pp.89–91. A.D.R.[A.D.Ritchie], ‘Testament’ in The Manchester Guardian (15 Aug. 1939), p.5. Rowse, A. L., ‘The Dilemma of our Time’ in The Spectator 163 (1939), p.262. Schlenke, Manfred, Denken: Eine Autobiographie in Historische Zeitschrift, 184 (1957), pp.594–7. C. H. W. [C. H. Williams], An Autobiography in History 25 (Sept. 1940), p.189. See also ‘Reform it altogether?’, H. A. Mason’s review of Fifty-Five Years at Oxford by G. B. Grundy in Scrutiny (1939), pp.218–23. ‘Britain’, in Cambridge Ancient History, Vol. XII: The Imperial Crisis and Recovery AD193–324 (1939), pp.282–96. J. A. O. Larsen, The Cambridge Ancient History, Vol. XII: The Imperial Crisis and Recovery, A.D. 193–324 by S. A. Cook, F. E. Adcock, M. P. Charlesworth and N. H. Baynes in Classical Philology 36 (3) (Jul. 1941), pp.295–7. ‘Kipling and the Flores Strait’ letter to Times Literary Supplement, 11 March 1939. H. H. Joachim, The Nature of Truth, second edition, London: Oxford University Press, edited by R. G. Collingwood. ‘Kipling and the Flores Strait’ letter to Times Literary Supplement, 20 May 1939. ‘The Kirkmadrine Inscriptions’, Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society, 3rd ser. 1936–8, 21 (1939), pp.275–89. Contribution to the Bowes Museum Catalogue, concerns Roman Inscription, No.746 in Roman Inscriptions of Britain. 1940 An Essay on Metaphysics. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1940. Anon., ‘Metaphysician’s Faith’ in The Times Literary Supplement, 18 May 1940. A.D.R.[A.D.Ritchie], An Essay on Metaphysics in The Manchester Guardian (6 May 1940), p.7.

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Baldwin, B. M., ‘Metaphysics Rediscovered’ in Nature 147 (4 Jan. 1941), pp.7–8. Buchler, Justus, ‘Metaphysics: Boldest of Philosophical Pursuits’ in Sunday New York Times (1 Dec. 1940). Ducasse, C. J., An Essay on Metaphysics in The Philosophical Review 50 (1941), pp.639–41. Emmet, D., An Essay on Metaphysics in Theology 41 (242) (Aug. 1940), pp.121–3. Goheen, John, An Essay on Metaphysics in The Journal of Philosophy 38 (2) (16 Jan. 1941), pp.48–50. Hearnshaw, L. S., ‘A Reply to Professor Collingwood’s Attack on Psychology’, Mind, new series, 51 (202) (April 1942), pp.160–9. Lion, Aline, An Essay on Metaphysics in Philosophy 16 (61) (Jan. 1941), pp.74–8. Stebbing, L. Susan, An Essay on Metaphysics. (Philosophical Essays: Volume II.) in Mind, new series, 50 (198) (April 1941), pp.184–90. See also: Gregory, Joshua C., ‘Causal Efficacy’ in Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, new series, 44 (1943–4), pp.1–14. See also: William E. Kennick, ‘Metaphysical Presuppositions’, The Journal of Philosophy 52 (25) (8 Dec. 1955), pp.769–80. ‘Fascism and Nazism’, Philosophy 15 (58) (April 1940), pp.168–76 (reprinted in Boucher). Bodkin, Maud, ‘Fascism and Nazism’ Letter to the Editor of Philosophy (July 1940), pp.334–5. H. D. Oakeley, ‘Fascism and Nazism’, Philosophy 15 (59) (July 1940), pp.318–20 First Mate’s Log of a Voyage to Greece in the Schooner Yacht Fleur de Lys in 1939, London: Oxford University Press, 1940. Second edition, with an Introduction by P. Johnson, Bristol: Thoemmes Press, 1994. Anon., The First Mate’s Log, in Times Literary Supplement (6 April 1940). Anon., The First Mate’s Log in Notes and Queries (13 April 1940), pp.269–70. Anon., ‘Mediterranean Voyage’ in The Times (9 April 1940), p.4. Panagakou, S. Review of The First Mate’s Log by R. G. Collingwood, ed. and introduced by P. Johnson (Bristol: Thoemmes, 1995), CBIS 5 (1998): 162–9. W.W., ‘Unusual Log’ in The Manchester Guardian (21 Mar. 1940), p.3. The Three Laws of Politics. L.T. Hobhouse Memorial Trust Lecture, No. 11, London: Oxford University Press, 1940 (reprinted in Boucher). Anon., ‘Conscience and Politics’ in The Manchester Guardian (1 Jan. 1942), p.4. J. C. Maxwell, ‘Recent Political Theory’ in Scrutiny (April 1942), pp.392–4. Letter on internment of aliens, Collingwood et al., The Times (11 July 1940), p.5. 1942 The New Leviathan. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1942. A. D. R. [A.D. Ritchie], ‘Man and Society’, review of The New Leviathan, The Guardian (19 August 1942). Anon., ‘Dr. Collingwood’s Political Philosophy: The New Leviathan’ in The Times Literary Supplement 41 (11 July 1942), p.340. Anon., The New Leviathan in The Spectator (20 Aug. 1942). Anon., The New Leviathan in The Scotsman (20 Aug. 1942). Anon., Glasgow Herald (10 Sept. 1942). Anon., Notes and Queries (15 Aug. 1942), pp.119–20.

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Barker, Ernest, ‘Man and Society’ in The Oxford Magazine 61 (4 Feb. 1943), pp.162–3. Burgh, W. G. de, The New Leviathan in The Hibbert Journal (1942–3), pp.90–2. Carew-Hunt, R. N., The New Leviathan in The Nineteenth Century and After 132 (1942), pp.213–16. Catlin, George, The New Leviathan in Political Science Quarterly 58 (3) (Sept. 1943), pp.435–6. Dewar, W., The New Leviathan in Time and Tide (19 May 1945). Fyfe, W. H., The New Leviathan in International Affairs Review Supplement 19 (9) (Sept. 1942), pp.486–7. Laird, John The New Leviathan in Philosophy 18 (69) (April 1943), pp.75–80. Laski, H. J., ‘A Tract for the Times’ in New Statesman and Nation 24 (1942), pp.97–8. MacCormac, John, ‘Leviathan, with Streamlining’ in Sunday New York Times (1 Aug 1943), p.16. MacIver, R. M., The New Leviathan in Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 229 (The American Family in World War II) (Sept. 1943), pp.181–2. Mackay, D. S., The New Leviathan in The Journal of Political Economy 52 (4) (Dec., 1944), pp.364–5. Sibley, Mulford Q., The New Leviathan in The American Political Science Review 37 (4) (Aug. 1943), pp.724–25. Taube, Mortimer, The New Leviathan in The Journal of Politics 5 (4) (Nov. 1943), pp.435–7. Thomas, I., The New Leviathan in The Observer (12 July 1942). See also: H. F. Hallett, ‘World-Politics and the Philosopher’ in Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, new series, 43 (1942–3), pp.79–110. See also: H. D. Oakeley, ‘Is There a Higher Reason?’, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, new series, 43 (1942–3), pp.37–58. Obituaries Anon., Obit. in History 28 (March 1943), p.71. Anon., Obit. in The Manchester Guardian, 11 Jan. 1943. Anon., ‘Dr. Collingwood, Oxford Professor: Noted Authority on Life in Britain under Romans Dies at Age of 53’, in New York Times, 12 Jan. 1943. Anon., Obit. in Oxford Mail, 11 Jan. 1943. Anon., Obit. in The Times Literary Supplement, 16 Jan. 1943. Anon., ‘Death of Noted Archaeologist’ in The Evening Telegraph (11 Jan. 1943), p.5. Anon., ‘R. G. Collingwood and Roman Britain’ in Yorkshire Post (12 Jan. 1943), p.2. C. M. L. B. [Bouch], ‘In Memoriam’, in CW 43, pp.211–14 Knox, T. M., ‘R. G. Collingwood’, Hamburger Academische Rundschau (March/April 1947/8), 3 (9–10), pp.491–6. Knox, T. M., ‘Prof. R. G. Collingwood, F.B.A’, Nature 151 (6 February 1943), pp.163–4. R. B. McC. [McCallum], The Oxford Magazine (4 Feb. 1943), pp.160–1. I. A. Richmond AA, 4th series, 21 (1943), pp.254–5. I. A. R. [Richmond], The Antiquaries Journal, 23 (1943) pp.84–5. ‘Robin George Collingwood, 1889–1943’ by R. B. McCallum; T. M. Knox; I. A. Richmond, Proceedings of the British Academy (1943), pp.463–85. Contains: R. B. McCallum, ‘Robin George Collingwood’, pp.463–8; T. M. Knox, ‘Notes on Collingwood’s Philosophical Work’, pp.469–75; I. A. Richmond ‘Appreciation of R. G. Collingwood as an Archaeologist’, pp.476–85.

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G. H. Langley, Review of ‘Robin George Collingwood, 1889–1943’ by R. B. McCallum, T. M. Knox, and I. A. Richmond in Philosophy 20 (77) (Nov. 1945), pp.271–3 M. I. H. [Henderson], Review of ‘Robin George Collingwood, 1889–1943’, JRS 35 (1945), p.148. Posthumous and revised editions 1945 The Idea of Nature (ed. T. M. Knox), Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1945. Ambrosino, G., The Idea of Nature in Critique 19 (1945), pp.546–52. Anon., The Idea of Nature in Palestine Post. Anon., ‘A Study of Cosmology’ in Times Literary Supplement (10 March 1945). Davy, C., ‘Hard Thoughts’ in The Observer (22 April 1945). Dewar, W., The Idea of Nature in Time and Tide (15 May 1945). Domeyer, Frederick C., The Idea of Nature in Philosophical and Phenomenological Research (1946–47) 7 (1) (Sept. 1946), pp.169–72. Laird, John, The Idea of Nature in Mind, new series, 54 (215) (July 1945), pp.274–9. M. F. A. M. The Idea of Nature in Isis (Nov. 1949). W. M. M., The Idea of Nature in Philosophy of Science 14 (1) (Jan. 1947), pp.102–3. Murphy, Arthur E., The Idea of Nature in Philosophical Review 55 (1946), pp.199–202. Myres, John L., The Idea of Nature in Man 45 (Nov.–Dec. 1945), p.133. Paton, H. J., The Idea of Nature in Hibbert Journal 43 (1945), pp.276–7. Price, H. H., ‘Bridging a Gulf ’ in Sunday Times (11 March 1945), p.3. Ritchie, A. D., The Idea of Nature in Manchester Guardian (2 March 1945), p.3. Ritchie, A. D., The Idea of Nature in Nature 155 (1945), pp.741–2. Truron, J. W., The Idea of Nature in Manchester Guardian (27 April 1945). Webb, Clement C. J., The Idea of Nature in Journal of Theological Studies 46 (1945), pp.248–51. Whittaker, Edmund, The Idea of Nature in Philosophy 20 (77) (Nov. 1945), pp.260–1. 1946 The Idea of History (ed. T. M. Knox), Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1946. Anon., ‘Clio’s Greatest Gift’, Times Literary Supplement (17 August 1946). Aris, Reinhold, The Idea of History in Contemporary Review 171 (1947), pp.187–8. Beard, Charles A., The Idea of History in The American Historical Review 52 (4) (July 1947), pp.704–8. Beloff, M., The Idea of History in Time and Tide (28 Sept. 1946). Bullock, A., The Idea of History, Book Talk, broadcast on Friday 4 October 1946, BBC Third Programme. D. M. E. [D.M.Emmet], The Idea of History in The Manchester Guardian (7 Aug. 1946), p.3. Farrer, Austin, ‘Thought as the Basis of History’ in The Listener (20 March 1947), pp.24–5. Flenley, R. ‘Collingwood’s Idea of History’ in Canadian Historical Review 28 (1947), pp.68–72. Labaree, Leonard W., The Idea of History in Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 267, Military Government (Jan. 1950), pp.247–8.

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Lefebvre, Georges, The Idea of History in Revue Historique 202 (1949), pp.132–3. Mackinnon, D. M., The Idea of History in The Journal of Theological Studies 48 (1947), pp.249–53. Mandelbaum, Maurice The Idea of History in Journal of Philosophy 44 (1947), pp.184–8. Murphy, A. E., The Idea of History in Philosophical Review 56 (1947), pp.587–92. Reprinted as ‘Collingwood’s Idea of History’ Chapter 10 in Reason and the Common Good: Selected Essays (eds. William H. Hay and Marcus Singer) Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice, 1963, pp.587–92. Nye, Russell, ‘On Philosophy and History: work that reconciles the two disciplines’ in Chicago Sun-Book Week (1 Dec. 1946), p.12. Oakeshott, Michael, The Idea of History in The English Historical Review 62 (242) (Jan. 1947), pp.84–6 [reprinted in CBIS 4 (1997), pp.189–92]. Powell, Anthony, The Idea of History in Spectator 177 (1946): 172. Sclenke, Manfred, Philosophie der Geschichte in Historische Zeitschrift 184 (1957), pp.594–7. T. J. M., The Idea of History in The Oxford Magazine 65 (1946–7), pp.113–14. Webb, Clement C. J., The Idea of History in The Hibbert Journal, pp.83–6. Wedgewood, C. V., The Idea of History in The Observer (8 Sept. 1946). Wight, Martin, The Idea of History in International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944–) 23 (4) (Oct., 1947), pp.575–7. See also letter by P. I. Painter on The Idea of History in The Times Literary Supplement (21 September 1946). 1955 Times obituary of Frederick Homes Dudden, The Times, 22 June 1955 [written by Collingwood and later revised by R. B. McCallum]. 1957 ‘Digging Sticks and their use in Java’ (extract from a letter to Angus Graham), in Antiquity 31 (1957), pp.39–40 1964 Essays in the Philosophy of Art, edited and introduced by A. Donagan (Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1964). Rubinoff, L., Review of Donagan (1964) Dialogue 5 (1966), pp.467–70. 1965 The Roman Inscriptions of Britain: Volume I Inscriptions on Stone (with R. P. Wright) Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1965. Birley, Eric, The Roman Inscriptions of Britain I: Inscriptions on Stone in JRS 56 (1 & 2) (1966), pp.226–31. Gordon, Arthur E., The Roman Inscriptions of Britain in Classical Philology 63 (2) (April 1968), pp.122–30. Gordon, Arthur E., The Roman Inscriptions of Britain in The Classical World 59 (9) (May 1966), pp.320–1. Oliver, James H., The Roman Inscriptions of Britain. I, Inscriptions on Stone in American Journal of Archaeology 70 (3) (July 1966), p.307.

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Essays in the Philosophy of History, edited and introduced by W. Debbins (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1965). Anon. ‘Past from Present’ Review of Debbins (1965) in The Times Literary Supplement (6 May 1965). Harris, E. E., Review of Debbins (1965) in History and Theory 5 (1966), pp.202–7. Rubinoff, L., Review of Debbins (1965), Dialogue 5 (1966), pp.471–5. 1968 Faith and Reason: Essays in the Philosophy of Religion, edited and introduced by L. Rubinoff (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1968). Mink, L., Review of Rubinoff (1968) in Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 38 no.1 (1970): 118–20. 1969 Collingwood, R. G. and Ian Richmond, The Archaeology of Roman Britain (rev. ed.) London: Methuen, 1969. Burn, A. R., The Archaeology of Roman Britain (2nd ed.) in The English Historical Review 86 (339) (April 1971), pp.379–80. Thompson, F. H., The Archaeology of Roman Britain (2nd ed.) in Antiquaries Journal 50 (1970), pp.133–4. Webster, Graham, The Archaeology of Roman Britain (2nd ed.) in JRS 60 (1970), pp.245–7. Wheeler, R. E. M., The Archaeology of Roman Britain (2nd ed.) in Antiquity 43 (1969), pp.239–40. Wilkes, John, The Archaeology of Roman Britain (2nd ed.) in Britannia 1 (1970), pp.316–18. 1989 Essays in Political Philosophy, edited and introduced by D. Boucher (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989). Bellamy, R., ‘The social and political thought of R. G. Collingwood’, review of Boucher 1989 and Boucher, 1989 (ed.), R. G. Collingwood, Essays in Political Philosophy, History of European Ideas 13 (4) (1991), pp.469–70. Blackburn, S., Review of Boucher (1989) in Times Literary Supplement (6 April 1990), p.370. Butterworth, C. E., Review of Boucher (1989) in Choice 27 (1990), p.1584. Ciocco, G., Review of Essays in Political Philosophy by R. G. Collingwood in The Review of Metaphysics 50 (2) (1996), pp.194–215. Fell, A. P., Review of Boucher (1989) in Queen’s Quarterly 98 (1991), pp.257–8. Johnson, P., Review of Boucher (1989) in History of Political Thought, 11 (2) 1990, pp.355–6. Johnston, W. M., Review of Boucher (1989) in American Historical Review 96 (1991), pp.127–8. McFee, G., Review of Boucher (1989) and Boucher, 1989 (ed.), R. G. Collingwood, Essays in Political Philosophy, Philosophical Books 23 (2) (1991), pp.94–6. [Reprinted in The Collingwood Journal, 1 (1992), pp.20–2.]

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McGinn, C., ‘Homage to Education’, review of Boucher (1989) and Boucher, 1989 (ed.), R. G. Collingwood, Essays in Political Philosophy, in London Review of Books (16 Aug. 1990), pp.16–17. Muller, J. W., ‘Collingwood’s Embattled Liberalism’, Interpretation 20 (1) (1992), p.63. O’Sullivan, L., Review of Boucher (1989) and Boucher, 1989 (ed.), R. G. Collingwood, Essays in Political Philosophy, Political Studies, 40 (2) (1992), pp.369–70. Wilde, L., Review of Boucher (1989) and Boucher, 1989 (ed.), R. G. Collingwood, Essays in Political Philosophy, Radical Philosophy, 57 (Spring 1991), pp.43–4. 1990 The Roman Inscriptions of Britain: Volume II Instrumentum Domesticum (with R. P. Wright), edited by S. S. Frere, M. Roxan and R. S. O. Tomlin, Gloucester: Alan Sutton. In eight fascicules, published from 1990 to 1995. Fascicules 2–8 edited by S. S. Frere and R. S. O. Tomlin. Volume of Epigraphic Indexes compiled by S. S. Frere. (Contains 115 drawings by Collingwood.) Birley, A. R., The Roman Inscriptions of Britain, Volume II in The Journal of Roman Studies 84 (1994), pp.262–3. Keppie, L. J. F., The Roman Inscriptions of Britain. Volumes I & II. Inscriptions on Stone by R. G. Collingwood & R. P. Wright (and others) in Britannia 29 (1998), pp.451–5. 1992 The New Leviathan, revised edition with an Introduction and additional material edited by D. Boucher, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992. Johnson, P., Review of The New Leviathan in History of Political Thought 14 (4) (Winter 1993), pp.629–32. Peters, R., Review of The New Leviathan in CBIS 2 (1995), pp.245–9. Vincent, A., ‘Review Article: Social Contract in Retrospect’ in CBIS 2 (1995), pp.128–37. 1993 The Idea of History, revised edition with an Introduction and additional material edited by W. J. van der Dussen, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993. Connelly, J., Review of The Idea of History in Collingwood Studies, 1, 1994, pp.200–4. Wisner, D. A., The Idea of History in Journal of Liberal Arts 2 (2) (1996), pp.99–107. 1998 Essay on Metaphysics, revised edition with an Introduction and edited by R. Martin, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998. Connelly, J., Review of An Essay on Metaphysics in British Journal for the History of Philosophy 7 (3) (1999), pp.533–6. Shipley, G., Review of An Essay on Metaphysics in CBIS 8 (2001), pp.166–80. 1999 Principles of History and other writings in philosophy of history. Edited and with an Introduction by W. H. Dray and W. J. van der Dussen, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

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Bentley, M., Review of The Principles of History in English Historical Review 116 (465) (2001), p.153. 2005 The Philosophy of Enchantment: Studies in Folktale, Cultural Criticism and Anthropology. Edited by D. Boucher, W. James and P. Smallwood, Oxford: Clarendon Press 2005. Bannister, R., ‘Collingwood’s “Enchantment” ’, CBIS 11 (2) (2005), pp.161–8. Johnson, P., Review of The Philosophy of Enchantment: Studies in Folktale, Cultural Criticism and Anthropology in Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews, http://ndpr.nd.edu/news/25023-an-essay-on-philosophical-method-thephilosophy-of-enchantment-studies-in-folktale-cultural-criticism-andanthropology, 2005. Macdonald, S., Review of The Philosophy of Enchantment in British Journal for the History of Philosophy 18 (4) (2010), pp.731–5. Toueg, R., Review of The Philosophy of Enchantment in CBIS 12 (1) (2006), pp.121–8. An Essay on Philosophical Method, revised edition, with an Introduction and additional material, edited by J. Connelly and G. D’Oro, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2005 Johnson, P., Review of An Essay on Philosophical Method in Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews, http://ndpr.nd.edu/news/25023-an-essay-on-philosophical-method-thephilosophy-of-enchantment-studies-in-folktale-cultural-criticism-andanthropology, 2005. Lord, T., Review of An Essay on Philosophical Method in Philosophy in Review 26 (4) (2006), pp.246–8. Martin, R., Review of An Essay on Philosophical Method in CBIS 11 (2) (2005), pp.179–90. Robinson, D. N., Review of An Essay on Philosophical Method in Review of Metaphysics 60 (2) (2006), pp.391–2. Vanheeswijk, G., Review of An Essay on Philosophical Method in Tijdschrift Voor Filosofie 68 (3) (2005), pp.634–5. 2013 R. G. Collingwood: An Autobiography & Other Writings, edited by David Boucher and Teresa Smith, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. Catling, C., ‘R. G. Collingwood: An Autobiography and other writings’ in Salon (Society of Antiquaries of London Online Newsletter) 317, March 2014. http://us6. campaign-archive1.com/?u=5557bc147d34993782f185bde&id=d4988ebe06

II.  Unpublished Writings Introduction Collingwood’s unpublished writings are primarily located in the Bodleian Library (Oxford), the Sackler Library (Oxford), the Armitt Library (Ambleside), Abbot Hall

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(Kendal), and Pembroke College (Oxford). There are three Bodleian collections: first, Papers of Robin George Collingwood (1889–1943) (Ref. Dep. Collingwood 1–32); secondly, Photocopies of R. G. Collingwood Papers (Ref. MSS. Facs. c. 141–9), comprising material held elsewhere, mostly in the Sackler Library; thirdly, Correspondence between Collingwood and Gilbert Ryle (Ref. MSS. Eng. lett. d. 194, d. 194*) mentioned here because the material is essay length philosophical discussion.1 The papers are catalogued in Ruth A. Burchnall, Catalogue of the Papers of Robin George Collingwood, (1889–1943) (Dep Collingwood 1–28), Bodleian Library, Oxford, 1994. The manuscripts held in the Bodleian are generally consulted on microfilm. We have not listed items which are currently in private hands and unavailable for general consultation. Correspondence is listed only when it consists in extensive philosophical discussion or reports on manuscripts. We would like to acknowledge the help provided by the staff of the Bodleian Library over many years, especially Colin Harris, Graham Piddock, librarian at the Sackler Library, David Boucher of the Collingwood and Idealism Centre at the University of Cardiff.

Note 1. This includes both the original text and a typed copy of the text. This typescript contains inaccuracies. A corrected version of the correspondence was published in the revised edition of An Essay on Philosophical Method, edited by J. Connelly and G. D’Oro (Oxford University Press, 2005).

Juvenilia Contributions to the family magazine Nothing Much (1889–1908) [Abbot Hall]. Contributions to the family magazine What Ho (1905) [Abbot Hall].

Bodleian Library The listing follows Burchnall closely, with items listed chronologically within each deposition. The numbers in brackets indicate the deposition number and the number of the individual item within the deposition. All items noted by Burchnall are included, including proofs and offprints of published works.

1.  Philosophy of Religion, Theology and Christian Ethics [1/1]  ‘The Devil in Literature – an essay upon the Mythology of the Evil One . . . Read before “Eranos” 1908’. Notebook with blue paper covers. ii + 40 leaves, 28–39 blank. [1/2]  ‘Lectures on the Philosophy of Religious Evolution Delivered at the Foyer D’Étudiants, Kingsway, March-April 1916’. i + 59 leaves. [1/3]  ‘Lectures on the Philosophy of St. Paul – Somerville College, Oxford, 1918’. i + 11 leaves.

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[1/4]  ‘The Church (group paper, Oxford, 1920) (written at Coniston, April 13, 1920)’. 24 pages; orange exercise book. [1/5]  ‘The Philosophy of the Christian Religion’ Sept. 29, 1920. ‘Sent to Theology, Oct. 1 1920’. 14 pages. [1/6]  ‘Historical Background of N[ew] T[estament] Thought. The Group, Oct. 1930’. 15 leaves. [1/7]  ‘Science, Religion and Civilisation delivered in Coventry Cathedral . . . 1930’ , i + 16 leaves. [1/8]  ‘War in its relation to Christian Ethics with special reference to the Lambeth Report, 1930 – paper read to the Group, on 17 November 1932’. 11 leaves. [1/9]  ‘Rule-­making and Rule-­breaking – Sermon preached in St. Mary the Virgin’s Church Oxford 5 May 1935’. 18 leaves [1/10]  ‘Religious Intolerance’, ‘Unfinished address for Lady Margaret Hall . . .’ n.d. 5 leaves.

2.  Ontological Proof [2]  ‘Lectures on the Ontological Proof of the Existence of God. written December 1919 for delivery Hilary Term 1920’. ii + 107 leaves; bound in cardboard covers, with some loose notes.

3.  Moral Philosophy [3/1]  ‘Action. A course of lectures (16 lectures) on Moral Philosophy written September 1923 . . . much rewritten . . . in Mich. term 1926 . . .’. Fols. 69–101 were written in 1927 as a substitute for the previous (‘longer’?) conclusion [see below]. i + 102 leaves. Student notes, by J. A. Davison, on the lectures as delivered in 1927 may be found in the Davison archive in Special Collections, Brotherton Library, Leeds. [3/2]  Conclusion of the course of lectures above, ‘not delivered in 1927’. 33 leaves. [4]  ‘Lectures on Moral Philosophy for M[ichaelmas] T[erm) 1921 written at various times, May–Oct. 1921’. Home-­made notebook of loose leaves. ii + 109 leaves. [5]  ‘Morals. This notebook (begun Nov. 27 1933) is to contain notes on important works concerned with moral philosophy . . .’. Fols. 89–76 rev. contain notes on the ontological proof and related subjects. 89 leaves, 7–75 blank; red exercise book. Loose notes from folder marked ‘Morals and Politics’, comprising: [6/1]  ‘Stray notes on Ethical Questions 1928-[blank] I. Moral Standards. II. A Political Antinomy. III. Punishment’. i + 45 leaves. [6/2]  ‘Promise’, n.d. 1 leaf. [6/3]  ‘Utility, Right and Duty’, n.d. iii + 47 leaves.

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[6/4]  ‘Points for Collingwood Utility: Right: Duty’ – in another hand, unidentified. n.d. 1 leaf. [6/5]  ‘The Good, the Right, and the Useful – Exeter College Dialectical Society, March 3, 1930’. 18 leaves. [6/6]  ‘The Good & the Useful’, n.d. 2 leaves. [6/7]  Notes on The Modern State (1926) by MacIver, n.d. 17 leaves. [6/8]  ‘Money and Morals. Lecture to the Student Movement London branch . . . on May 27, 1919 . . .’ 12 leaves. [7]  ‘Moral Philosophy Lectures – New MS., 1932’, apparently incomplete. ii + 97 leaves. [8]  ‘Lectures on Moral Philosophy – 1933. This is substantially the complete new MS written in the long vacation of 1932; but there are alterations . . .’. Pages in Collingwood’s own numbering scheme missing from Dep. Collingwood 7 appear to have been incorporated in this revision. iii + 140 leaves. [9]  ‘Goodness, Rightness, Utility – Lectures delivered in H[ilary] T[erm) 1940 . . . written Dec. 1939–Feb.1940’. i + 87 leaves. [10]  ‘Moral Philosophy Lectures’. The title page outlines three different courses of such lectures, written at varying dates, of which the contents of this box seem to represent ‘II. Complete course as written 1929 and superseded . . . in 1932’. Dep. Collingwood 7 possibly represents ‘I’ and Dep. Collingwood 3 possibly represents ‘III’ (see fol. i [3/1]). iii + 172 leaves. [11]  ‘Aristotelis De Anima Libri Tres – Translation and commentary’ 1913–14. Bound volume. i + 151 leaves, 133–51 blank.

4.  Philosophy of History and Historiography Miscellaneous lectures, papers and notes on the subject, arranged chronologically, comprising: [12/1]  ‘A Footnote to Future History’, 1919. 5 leaves. [12/2]  ‘A Footnote to Future History’ 1919. A fair copy of 12/1. i + 15 leaves. [12/3]  ‘The philosophy of history – fragment intended as introduction to lectures: 1926’. 5 leaves. [12/4]  ‘Outlines of a Philosophy of History’ April–May 1928. i + 75 leaves. [12/5]  ‘A Philosophy of Progress’, offprint from The Realist no. 1, April 1929. i + 7 leaves. [12/6]  Lectures on the Philosophy of History – ‘II (T[rinity) T[erm) 1929)’. 39 leaves. [12/7]  ‘Oswald Spengler’. Lecture at the London School of Economics, May 1929. 15 leaves.

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[12/8]  ‘The Origin and Growth of the Idea of a Philosophy of History’. Notes for lectures, 1931. 21 leaves. [12/9]  ‘Reality as History – An experimental essay . . .’, Dec. 1935. ii + 41 leaves. [12/10]  ‘Can historians be impartial? – Paper read to the Stubbs Historical Society, 27 Jan. 1936’. 16 leaves. [12/11]  ‘Human Nature & Human History – March 1936. First draft . . .’. i + 26 leaves. Miscellaneous notes, arranged chronologically, comprising: [13/1]  ‘Inaugural 1935. Rough notes’. Notes for inaugural lecture as Waynflete Professor of Metaphysical Philosophy. 94 leaves, 58–94 blank; red exercise book. [13/2]  ‘Notes on the History of Historiography & phil[osophy] of history 1936’. i + 89 leaves, 67–89 blank; red exercise book. [13/3]  ‘Notes on Historiography written on a voyage to the East Indies 1938–9’. iv + 44 pages; grey exercise book. [13/4]  ‘Historiography’. Red exercise book of rough notes, some (fol. 2) dated March 1940 and entitled ‘The Idea of History – (Notes for lectures, on discovering that the MS which contains the results of my last 15 years’ work on the subject has disappeared.)’. 76 leaves, 5–76 blank. Papers relating to the philosophy of history, comprising: [14/1]  ‘Lectures on the Philosophy of History: written January 9–13 1926 for delivery in Hilary Term 1926’. i + 77 leaves. [14/2]  ‘Preliminary Discussion – the Idea of a Philosophy of Something, and, in particular, a philosophy of History’, added by Collingwood in April 1927 as an introduction to the above lectures. On the title page Collingwood has written, ‘Apr. 1928, . . . I suspect it of being chaotic and practically valueless’. i + 13 leaves. Lectures and notes, arranged chronologically, comprising: [15/1]  ‘The Philosophy of History [1932]’ – lecture. 12 leaves. [15/2]  ‘History as the understanding of the present’ – notes on Oakeshott’s Experience and Its Modes (1933), n.d. (c.1934). 1 leaf. [15/3]  ‘Lectures on the Philosophy of History . . . containing I: History of the Idea of History in England, Germany, France, and Italy since about 1870. II: Metaphysical Epilegomena to the course. Written April, 1936’. Incomplete. A note by Collingwood on fol. 1 says that the Introductory Lecture was written Jan.Mar. 1936. The lectures are very fragmentary and possibly not all part of the same series. Fol. 24 bears the date 14 June 1940 and an inserted fragment (fol. 23a) is written on the back of a letter to Collingwood from Paul Jacobsthal, Christ Church, 13 Mar. 1940. Fol. i is a note from T. M. Knox, editor of The Idea of History, concerning the manuscript. vi + 33 leaves.

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5.  Logic and Epistemology Essays, notes and fragments of larger works, arranged chronologically, comprising: [16/1]  ‘Truth and Contradiction. Chapter II’, n.d. 22 leaves. [16/2]  ‘Notes on Hegel’s Logic’, Sept. 1920. 2 leaves. [16/3]  ‘Sketch of a Logic of Becoming’ Sept. 1920. 3 leaves. [16/4]  ‘Notes on Formal Logic’ 10 leaves, 1920. [16/5]  ‘Draft of opening chapters of a ‘Prolegomena to Logic’ (or the like). I. Empirical Logic . . . II. Transcendental Logic . . .’, 1920–1. i + 36 leaves. [16/6]  ‘An illustration from historical thought’, n.d., [c.1920–1]. 4 leaves. [16/7]  Fragment on Neo-Realism, c.1922–3. 1 leaf. [16/8]  ‘Outline of a Theory of Primitive Mind’, Dec. 1933. 8 leaves. [16/9]  Incomplete manuscript on ‘sense-­data’, Oct.-Nov. 1935. 4 leaves. [16/10]  ‘The Confusion of Sense’. n.d. 19 leaves. [16/11]  Fragment on action and the mind, n.d. 3 leaves. [16/12]  Fragment on mind and thought, n.d. 2 leaves. [16/13]  ‘Observations on Language’ n.d. 4 leaves.

6.  Reviews and criticism Various writings, arranged chronologically, comprising: [17/1]  ‘Frederic Rauh’. Criticism of Rauh’s Essai sur 1e Fondement Metaphysique de 1a Morale (1890) and L’Experience Morale (1903) and of works concerning Rauh, April 1921. 12 leaves. [17/2]  ‘Jane Austen-Johnson Society Nov. 27. 1921’. Lecture. i + 19 leaves. [17/3]  ‘Jane Austen’ Draft lecture, n.d. [c. 1934]. i + 18 leaves. [17/4]  Galley proof from The Monthly Criterion of review of A. E. Taylor’s Plato, the Man and his Work (1926) and Jean Wahl’s Etude sur 1e Parmenide de Platon (1926), c.1926 [published in The Monthly Criterion Vol.  6 (1927)]. 2 leaves. [17/5]  Notes on Samuel Alexander’s Art and Instinct (1927), n.d. [1927–8]. 8 leaves. [17/6]  Draft review of Samuel Alexander’s Art and Instinct (1927) n.d. [1927–8. Published in Philosophy Vol. 3 (1928)]. 7 leaves. [17/7]  Draft review of Great Britain: Essays in Regional Geography by twenty-­six authors, ed. Alan G. Ogilvie (1928), n.d. [c.1929. Published in Antiquity Vol. 3 (1929)]. 5 leaves.

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[17/8]  Draft review of G. Lugli’s Formae Italiae: Regio I, Latium et Campania: Volumen I, Ager Pomptinus: pars prima, pars secunda (1926, 1928), n.d. [c.1929. Published in Antiquity Vol. 3 (1929)]. 2 leaves. [17/9]  Draft review of Selected Essays of J. B. Bury (1930), ed. Harold Temperley, May 1930 [published in English Historical Review (1931) pp.461–5]. 10 leaves. [17/10]  Draft review of L. A. Reid’s A Study in Aesthetics (1931), 1932. [Published in Philosophy Vol. 7 (1932). 6 leaves [17/11]  Notes and criticism (incomplete) of P. Leon’s The Ethics of Power (1935), June 1935. 13 leaves. [17/12]  Notes on various works by Racine, 1938. 24 leaves; grey exercise book. [17/13]  Analysis of Aeschylus’s Agamemnon, lines 1343–69, n.d. 5 leaves. [17/14]  ‘Notes on Euripides’, n.d. iii + 35 leaves, 23–35 blank; blue exercise book. [17/15]  Brief notes on ‘The Electra-Story’ as written by Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides respectively, n.d. 1 leaf. [17/16]  Analysis of ‘Hieronimo and Hamlet’, n.d. 24 leaves; red exercise book. [17/17]  Outline of Jean Bodin’s De republica libri sex, n.d. 3 leaves. [17/18]  Notes on Voltaire’s Siécle de Louis XIV, ed. E. Bourgeois (1922), n.d. 2 leaves.

7.  Metaphysics Lectures and notes, arranged chronologically, comprising: [18/1]  ‘Some Perplexities about Time’. First draft of a paper to the Aristotelian Society, 1925 [published in the Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society Vol.  26 (1925–6)]. 17 leaves. [18/2]  ‘The Nature of Metaphysical Study – two lectures, opening a course of 16 lectures on Metaphysics by various speakers . . . January 1934’. [18/3-7]  ‘Notes towards a Metaphysic’. Series of five red exercise books, A–E, containing working notes:

/3 A. Sept. 1933. i + 91 leaves. /4 B. Sept. 1933-Har. 1934. i + 91 leaves. [See Dep. Collingwood 19/2.] /5 C. Mar.-Apr. 1934. i + 93 leaves. /6 D. Apr. 1934. i + 91 leaves. /7 E. Apr.-May 1934, with (fols. [156–7]) ‘Postscript to Causation’, Dec. 1937. i + 159 leaves.

Notes and papers, arranged chronologically, comprising: [19/1]  Notes on Croce’s philosophy, July 1920. Fols. 3 and 4 are written on the reverse of a letter to Collingwood from R. Gordon George, 24 Dec. 1919, commenting on Collingwood’s lecture on Platonism, ‘A Footnote to Future History’. 4 leaves.

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[19/2]  Rough draft on ‘Pure Existence’, ‘Space and Time’ and ‘Matter’, apparently a revision of sections of ‘Notes towards a Metaphysic, B’ [18/4], Feb. 1934. i + 32 leaves. [19/3]  ‘Method and Metaphysics – Paper read before the Jowett Society, 19 June 1935’. 33 leaves. [19/4]  ‘Experiment in New Realism’, 1935. 6 leaves. [19/5]  Notes on causation, 1937. 74 leaves, 24–74 blank; red exercise book. [19/6]  Offprint from the Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society Vol.  38 (1937–8), pp.85–112, of ‘The so-­called Idea of Causation’, a paper read before the Society by Collingwood in Jan. 1938, with (fols. 15–20) letters to Collingwood concerning the paper from Edgar Wind and J. A. Smith, Jan. 1938. 20 leaves. [19/7]  Incomplete manuscript containing only pp.29-[52], ‘Function of Metaphysics in Civilization’, January 1938. 24 leaves. [19/8]  ‘Causation in Spinoza’, n.d. i + 7 leaves. [19/9]  Rough sketch on the problem of freedom and the relation between mind and body, n.d. 11 leaves. [20/1]  ‘Central Problems in Metaphysics – Lectures written April 1935, for delivery T[rinity] T[erm] 1935’, covering the supposed antithesis between realism and idealism. 145 leaves. [20/2]  Two printed copies of the contents pages of [20/1] n.d. 4 leaves. [20/3]  Rough notes on subjective and objective idealism, relating to the lectures listed above as Dep. Collingwood 20/1 and referring to page numbers in the lectures, n.d. 1 leaf.

8.  Folklore Essays, notes and papers, comprising: [21/1-3]  Series of three brown exercise books containing reading notes on works concerning folklore, n.d. [mid-1930s?]:

/1 ‘English Folklore I’. iv + 88 leaves. /2 ‘English Folklore II’. iii + 89 leaves. /3 ‘English Folklore III’. i + 91 leaves, 49–91 blank.

21/4-7 Four sections of a manuscript concerning fairy tales, possibly for a book on the subject, n.d. [mid-1936-7]:

/4 ‘I’ [on the use of fairy tales as historical evidence]. 31 leaves. /5 ‘II. Three Methods of Approach: Philological, Functional, Psychological’. 64 leaves. /6 ‘III. The Historical Method’. 28 leaves /7 ‘IV. Magic’. 79 leaves.

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[21/8]  Incomplete manuscript, apparently made up of pages discarded from the above draft [21/4-7] and intended as a concluding chapter, n.d. 11 leaves. [21/9]  Essays on ‘Folklore and folk-­tale’, n.d. 26 leaves. [21/10]  Essay on the story of ‘Cinderella’ and its various versions, n.d. 37 leaves. [21/11]  untitled manuscript concerning the problem of diffusion versus the independent origin of folk tales, n.d. [See 21/4.] 7 leaves. [21/12]  Table of survey of the incidence of various folk tales in different countries, n.d. 3 leaves. [21/13]  Notes from Edwin Hartland’s Presidential Address to the Folklore Society in 1900 [published in Folklore Vol. II], n.d. 1 leaf.

9.  Miscellaneous [22/1-2]  Papers relating to Collingwood’s work, comprising: [22/1]  ‘Report on work done during quinquennium as University lecturer, from summer 1927 to the time of writing, January 1932’, a draft of his Report to the Board of the Faculty of Literae Humaniores [see Oxford University Archives, LH/R/1/5, 83]. 7 leaves. [22/2]  ‘List of Work Done’, including books, essays, lectures, translations and reviews, 1913–33, with a record of money received for writing, 1913–26. i + 50 leaves, many blank; small booklet. [22/3-6]  Papers relating to Kant and other philosophers, comprising: [22/3]  Translations of the Preface to the first and second editions of Kant’s Kritik der reinen Vernunft (1781, 1787), n.d. 32 leaves; two paper booklets. [22/4]  Comment on the Preface to Kant’s Vernunft, n.d. 28 leaves, 19–28 blank. [22/5]  Notes on Descartes’ Principia, n.d. i + 13 leaves. [22/6]  Notes on Mill, Taylor, Schlegel, Windelband and Voltaire, largely relating to the philosophy of history, n.d. 5 leaves. [22/7]  Photocopy of ‘Log of a Journey in the East Indies in 1938–1939’. i + 28 leaves.

10.  Archaeology and Roman History [23/1]  ‘Notes for the Extension Lectures (1921) on which “Roman Britain” was based’. 30 leaves. [23/2]  Report of a paper on Roman Lancaster read by Collingwood to the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society on 31 Aug. 1922. [Published in the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society Transactions Vol. 23 (1923), pp.289–290.] 3 leaves.

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[23/3]  ‘Roman Frontiers – a lecture delivered before the Newcastle Literary & Philosophical Society, Oct. 1 1922’. i + 25 leaves. [23/4]  ‘Roman Inscriptions’, a lecture given in Aug. 1923 to the Association for the Reform of Latin Teaching [see The Classical Review Vol. 37 (1923), p.145]. 4 leaves. [23/5]  ‘The Romans on the Wall – for Yorkshire Post . . .’, 23 Aug. 1923. Written on the reverse of pp.30, 34–6 of a manuscript concerning the conflicting claims of art, religion and science as various forms of experience, notes for Ch. II of Speculum Mentis (1924). 4 leaves. [23/6]  ‘Britain and the Roman Empire’ [published in England and the World (1925), ed. F. S. Marvin, Ch. II, pp.35–64], with (fol. 1) an accompanying letter to Teresa Smith from Angus Graham, 1962. 36 leaves. [23/7]  ‘The Roman Wall – address to the English Historical Association at Newcastle, January 9, 1925’. 11 leaves. [23/8]  ‘The Vallum Crossings . . . An excerpt from a paper on “Ten Years’ Work on Hadrian’s Wall, 1920–1930”, to be published in Cumb. & West. A & A. S. Trans. N. S. xxxi: to be read at Kendal, April 22, 1931.’ 14 leaves. [23/9]  ‘The State of Britain at the time of the Anglo-Saxon Settlements – contribution to a discussion at a meeting of the Archaeological Institute, 1 February 1933’. i + 16 leaves. [23/10]  Review of The Roman Wall in Scotland (2nd ed., 1934) by Sir George Macdonald [published in the Journal of Roman Studies Vol.  26 (1936), pp.80–6]. 23 leaves. [23/11]  ‘The Bewcastle Cross’, a paper read at the site on 19 June 1934 and published, in slightly amended form, in the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society Transactions Vol. 35 (1935), pp.1–29. 7 leaves. [23/12]  ‘The Truth about the ValIum by INFELIX’ Nov. 1935. 6 leaves. [23/13]  Pages 285–8 of the manuscript draft of Roman Britain and the English Settlements (1936) by Collingwood and J. N. L. Myres, corresponding to pages 320–4 of the printed edition. 10 leaves. [23/14]  Incomplete manuscript (pp.3–17 only) on fifth-­century Roman Britain, possibly part of ‘Roman Britain from Constantine III to Arthur’, a paper read to the Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies on 11 Feb. 1936 [see the Journal of Roman Studies Vol. 26 (1936) p.302]. 15 leaves. [23/15]  ‘Who was King Arthur? (paper to the Martlets, Univ. Coll. Oxon., June 1936)’. 15 leaves. [23/16]  ‘Mayborough & King Arthur’s Round Table’, a paper read 8 July 1936. 9 leaves. [23/17]  ‘King Arthur’s Round Table: 1937’, a report of excavations carried out by Collingwood. 4 leaves.

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[23/18]  Ground plan of ‘King Arthur’s Round Table 1937’, 1 leaf, tracing paper. [23/19]  ‘The Roman Tombstone at Fordington’, n.d. 3 leaves. [23/20]  ‘Evidences of W. Saxons along historical route: Salisbury cemetery, Mildenhall. Odd burials Dorset’. Rough notes, n.d. 1 leaf. [23/21]  ‘Notes on Hambledon . . .’ n.d. 2 leaves. [23/22]  ‘C[umberland] & W[estmorland] Prehistory, Cartmel 1935’, a notebook containing information recorded at site surveys. i + 90 leaves, 16–90 blank. [23/23]  ‘Round Table 1937’, a notebook recording ‘excavations at King Arthur’s Round Table, Eamont Bridge, Westmorland, July 1937’. i + 88 leaves, 60–87 blank. [23/24]  ‘Round Table Notebook 2. Parallel sites & illustrative material’. ii + 96 leaves, 35–46, 49–57, 61–96 blank. [23/25]  Notebook containing undated notes on ‘1. Dr. Hugh Todd’s MS. at St. Edmund Hall. 2. Brøndsted’s Early English Ornament’. i + 89 leaves, 40–89 blank. [23/26]  ‘C[umberland & W[estmorland] Brit[ish] Sett[lement]s’, a booklet containing drawings and sketches of sites, n.d. i + 30 leaves, 15–30 blank.

11.  Political and Economic Philosophy [24/1]  ‘Economics as a Philosophical Science’, a draft of the article published in The International Journal of Ethics Vol. 36 (1925–6), pp.162–85. i + 26 leaves. [24/2]  ‘Economics as a Philosophical Science – for a section of a comprehensive ethical treatise: or alternatively as a small book under the above title’, n.d. 25 leaves. [24/3]  ‘ “The Spiritual Basis of Reconstruction” (Address to the Belgian Students’ Conference at Fladbury, May 10, 1919)’. 16 leaves. [24/4]  ‘Man goes mad – Rough MS. begun 30 Aug. 36’. 41 leaves. [24/5]  ‘Fascism and Nazism’, a draft of the article published in Philosophy Vol.  15 (1940), pp.168–76. 10 leaves. [24/6]  ‘Notes towards a Theory of Politics as a Philosophical Science’, n.d. i + 7 leaves. [24/7]  ‘The Breakdown of Liberalism’, n.d. 2 leaves. [24/8]  ‘Rough notes on Politics’, n.d. 3 leaves. [24/9]  ‘Outlines of a Concept of the State’, n.d. 1 leaf. [24/10]  ‘The Three Laws of Politics. A Lecture . . . read before the London School of Economics in memory of the late L. T. Hobhouse . . . 7 May 1941 . . . in substance an excerpt from an unfinished book, namely Chapter XXV of The New Leviathan’. i + 13 leaves. [24/11]  L. T. Hobhouse Memorial Trust Lectures No.  11, The Three Laws of Politics, published version of 24/10, 1941. i + 13 leaves.

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[24/12]  Fragments of early drafts of The New Leviathan (1942), n.d. [c.1939–40]. iv + 151 leaves. [24/13]  Final manuscript draft of The New Leviathan (1942), early 1941. i + 560 leaves. [24/14]  Proofs of sections of The New Leviathan (1942), Nov. 1941–Feb. 1942. 387 leaves.

12.  Philosophy of Art [25/1]  ‘Words and Tune’, an essay written Sept. 1918. 14 leaves. [25/2]  Outline of ‘Lectures on the Philosophy of Art Delivered . . . T[rinity] T[erm] 1924’, with (fo1s. 45–6) an accompanying letter from ‘E. F. C.’ [Edgar Carritt], July 1924. 46 leaves. [25/3]  Galley proofs, with manuscript corrections by Collingwood, of ‘Aesthetic’, published in The Mind (1927), ed. R. J. S. McDowall, pp.214–44. 9 leaves. [25/4]  ‘Aesthetic Theory and Artistic Practice’ a paper written Feb. 1931 and due ‘to be delivered, in abbreviated form, as a lecture before the British Institute of Philosophical Studies on March 17, 1931’. i + 46 leaves. [25/5]  ‘Notes on aesthetic – for the paper Aesthetic Theory & Artistic Practice’, n.d. [c.1930–1]. i + 13 leaves. [25/6]  Notes on L. A. Reid’s A Study in Aesthetics (1931), n.d. [c.1931]. 5 leaves. [25/7]  Draft review of The Philosophy of Art (1931) by C. J. Ducasse, published in Philosophy Vol. 6 (1931), pp.383–6. 8 leaves. [25/8]  ‘Art and the Machine’, n.d. [c.1936] 21 leaves. [25/9]  ‘Estetica’, a typescript paper in Italian, with manuscript corrections, by Benedetto Croce, accompanied by his card, dated Feb. 1928, sent to Collingwood for translation, published in the Encyclopedia Britannica 14th ed. (1929) under the title ‘Aesthetic’. 38 leaves. [26]  Copies of Collingwood’s correspondence held elsewhere: details can be found in Chapter 5, ‘The Letters of R. G. Collingwood’. [27]  Photocopies of 36 letters from Collingwood to Guido de Ruggiero, 1920–38. The originals are held by R. de Felice, executor to de Ruggiero, Instituto de Storia Moderna, Rome. 81 leaves. [28]  Photocopy of the original manuscript of Libellus de Generatione 1920, iv + 45 leaves. [29]  Photocopy of ΄The Metaphysics of F. H. Bradley’. An Essay on Appearance and Reality; Christmas 1933, ii + 25 leaves. [30]  ‘Notes for an Essay on Logic’ 1939.

Primary Bibliographies

233

Archaeological material held in the Sackler Library and elsewhere1 The Bodleian Library has copies of the following material held in the Sackler (formerly Ashmolean) Library. Copies are also held at the British Idealism and Collingwood Centre, Cardiff School of European Studies, Cardiff University. Student notes by J. A. Davison of the lectures on Roman Britain delivered in Hilary Term 1929 may be found in the Davison archive in Special Collections, Brotherton Library, University of Leeds.

Note 1. For convenience these items are listed according to their Bodleian classification. Both originals and photocopies may be consulted.

Archaeological Notebooks Photocopies of 28 notebooks deposited in the Sackler Library. (MSS. Facs. c. 141–8; Film 1964). [141/1]  Notebook I, ‘1913 Carlisle’, lists of potters’ marks, sketches of hairstyles on Roman coins and cash accounts for an excavation in July–Aug. 1914. [141/2]  Notebook IV, bibliographic notes, c.1920. [141/3]  Notebook V, notes made on tours in Devon, Cornwall, Cumberland and Westmorland, 1921. [141/4-6]  Notebooks VI, VII and VIII, notes on and drawings of inscriptions, 1922, 1923, 1924. [142/1]  Notebook IX, inscriptions, 1924–5. [142/2]  Notebook X, notes on Patrick, coins, graffiti in the London Museum and the Roman well under Lombard St, 1925. [142/3-4]  Notebooks XII and XIII, notes and collations for the Chesters Museum catalogue, 1925, 1926. [142/5]  Notebook XIV, ‘Dr. Butler’s inscriptions, 1926’, photographs and notes on the collection at Shrewsbury School. [142/6]  Notebook XV, inscriptions at Scaleby, Maiden Castle and Carby, 1926. [143/1-3]  Notebooks XVI – XVIII, inscriptions in the South; Yorkshire, Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire; Co. Durham and Northumberland, 1926. [143/4]  Notebook XIX, inscriptions, 1927 [143/5]  Notebook XX, notes from the Victoria County History and other printed sources on coins and villas, 1927.

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[143/6]  Notebook XXI, inscriptions in Lyons Museum and elsewhere and accounts of tours of the Wall and the Cumberland coast, 1928. [144/1]  Notebook XXII, inscriptions, 1929. [144/2]  Notebook XXIII, inscriptions at York, 1929. [144/3]  Notebook XXIV, inscriptions, with sketches of participants at the Philosophical Congress held in Oxford, 1930, and of Einstein lecturing, 18 Aug. 1931. [144/5]  Notebooks XXV and XXVI, inscriptions, 1932, 1933. [145/1-4]  Notebooks XXVII – XXX, inscriptions, 1934–6 [145/5]  Notebook XXXI, notes on a tour in France, 1937. [145/6]  Notebook containing R. P. Wright’s index to Collingwood’s notebooks.

Material in Pembroke College archives Photocopies of Collingwood material held in the archives of Pembroke College. [146/1]  Letters by and relating to Collingwood, 1912–35. [146/2]  Notes by Edmund Esdaile on Collingwood’s lectures on moral philosophy, Michaelmas Term 1932. [147/1-2]  Minute books of the Pembroke College Philosophical Society in the College Archives, [1] June 1920–Oct. 1924; [2] Nov. 1924–Nov. 1929.

Miscellaneous Photocopies of Collingwood material in various locations [148a]  Card index on Romano-British sites [Sackler Library]. [148b]  Items in W. G. Collingwood’s papers. [Sackler Library]. [148c]  Letters and a memoir of Collingwood in M. V. Taylor’s papers [Sackler Library]. [148d] -63b)  Collingwood letters in various Bodleian collections, to O. G. S. Crawford, 1941, W. van Leyden, 1940–1, H. W. B. Joseph, 1932, E. R. Hughes, 1939, A. B. Emden, 1934, Gilbert Murray, 1929, and G. N. Clark, 1936, with one from H. A. L. Fisher, 1939. [148e]  Texts from the 6pm and 9pm news bulletins announcing Collingwood’s death, 11 Jan. 1943 (BBC Written Archives). [148f]  Letter to A. D. Lindsay, 1938 (Lindsay papers, University of Keele). [148g]  Application for the Waynflete Professorship, 1935 (Oxford University Archives).

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235

[148h]  List of files in the archives of Oxford University Press. [148i]  Election address of A. D. Lindsay, 1938 (CUP packet file 171). [148j]  Letters to J. A. Smith, 1932–3, Magdalen College Archives. [149k]  List of papers of T. M. Knox in the library of the University of St Andrews. [149l]  Proof copy of An Essay on Philosophical Method (1933), corrected by Collingwood, with related letters from S. E. Hooper; H. W. B. Joseph; H. H. Joachim; S. Alexander. [149m]  Letter from W. G. Collingwood to F. G. Simpson, 1930. [149n]  Inscription by R. G. Collingwood to Simpson in a copy of The Handbook to the Roman Wall, 9th ed. (1933). [149o]  R. G. Collingwood, ‘Inscrizioni e sculture sul vallo d’Adriano in Inghilterra’, in Roma II (1928), pp.193–201 with an English translation by Dr A. Nibbi and Dr Grace Simpson.

Microfilm of Collingwood material in the archive of Macmillan publishers (in BL Add. MSS. 55270, 55272-6, 55278). MS. Film 1964

Photocopies of correspondence and papers of R. G. Collingwood, 1922–44 (a)  Correspondence with the Department of Archaeology, National Museum of Wales, 1922–37 and with Sir Mortimer Wheeler, 1922–4. (b)  Correspondence and notes of Collingwood and correspondence of his widow, with Oxford University Press, 1928–44. Includes An Autobiography (1938–9), The New Leviathan (1941–3), Philosophical works (1943–4), The Idea of Nature (1943–4), copies of other family correspondence, 1792–1939.

Photocopies of manuscripts copied from originals in the archives of Oxford University Press (a)  ‘The principles of history’, 1929–39 (b)  ‘The idea of nature’, 1934–9.

Material in The Collingwood and Idealism Centre, Cardiff University not noted elsewhere Notes on ‘Lectures on Metaphysics’ by Louis Hector [n.d., probably 1939/40].

Books acknowledging R. G. Collingwood Carritt, E. F. (ed.) Philosophies of Beauty from Socrates to Robert Bridges, Oxford, Clarendon Press 1931.‘Mr. R. G. Collingwood of Pembroke College, Oxford, who, besides giving me leave to quote him, revised my translations of Hegel and Gentile’ Preface, v.

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Cochrane, C. N. Christianity and Classical Culture, A Study of Thought and Action from Augustus to Augustine, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1940, vii. Foster, M. B. The Political Philosophies of Plato and Hegel, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1935. ‘That the form in which it is presented is not more imperfect than it is, is due to the rigorous standards of Mr. R. G. Collingwood, who saw it in his capacity as Delegate of the University Press. In several places the argument also has, I think, been strengthened by the attempt to meet his criticisms’ (xi). Hartley, Sir P. Horton-Smith and Aldridge, H. R. Johannes De Mirfeld of St Bartholomew’s Smithfield His Life and Works, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1936, xiii. Knox, T. M. ‘Translator’s Foreword’ to Hegel’s Philosophy of Right, translated with notes by T. M. Knox, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1942. ‘In recognition of a student’s debt to a tutor, and in gratitude for a friendship of twenty years, the translator dedicates his work to R. G. Collingwood, Fellow of the British Academy, sometime Waynflete Professor of Metaphysical Philosophy in the University of Oxford’ (xii). Lion, A. The Pedigree of Fascism, Sheed and Ward, London, 1927, iv. Mure, G. R. G. An Introduction to Hegel, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1940, xx. Mure, G. R. G. A Study of Hegel’s Logic, Clarendon Press, 1950, vii–viii. Rawlinson, A. E. J. Authority and Freedom, The Bishop Paddock Lectures for 1923, Longmans, Green & Co, London, 1924, Dedicated ‘To R. G. C.’; ‘To Mr. R. G. Collingwood, Fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford, I am indebted for certain thoughts which he will recognize’ (vii). Russell, E. S. The Interpretation of Development and Heredity, A Study in Biological Method, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1930, ‘I am indebted also to Mr. R. G. Collingwood for some sound advice on matters touching philosophy’ (Preface).

7

Secondary Bibliographies Introduction A bibliography is the first port of call for the researcher, and it is therefore essential that any bibliography should be both comprehensive and accurate. In addition, a bibliography should be relevant and focused; for this reason, inclusion of items is always a matter of judgement. Hence the reader will find that in some marginal cases we have opted for inclusion where our predecessors have opted for exclusion and vice versa. Our general principle is to include anything substantive and anything which sheds historical or critical light on Collingwood. For the most part, passing references have been excluded unless they satisfy one or other of the above criteria. We are especially indebted to the bibliographies by Christopher Dreisbach (R.G. Collingwood: A Bibliographic Checklist, Bowling Green: The Philosophy Documentation Center, 1993) and Donald Taylor (R.G. Collingwood: A Bibliography, New York: Garland, 1988). We have corrected and supplemented both, but our work would be poorer and more incomplete without them. This bibliography does not include reviews of publications or collections of essays by Collingwood; these are listed in the Primary Bibliography. We have not included purely bibliographical articles such as those by James Connelly and Susan Daniel in CBIS: we have incorporated their contents. Dr Daniel’s work has been especially helpful in locating recent secondary sources. We have included Masters and Doctoral dissertations only where they have not been published in substantially the same form. We have included archaeological works only where there is substantial discussion or criticism of Collingwood; we have therefore ignored hundreds of articles where Collingwood is referred to on points of detail without further discussion.

I.  Books and Articles Albright, W. F. History, Archaeology and Christian Humanism, New York: McGraw, 1964. Alexander, J. ‘Oakeshott as Philosopher’, in E. Podoksik, The Cambridge Companion to Oakeshott, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012. Alexander, J. ‘Notes towards a Definition of Politics’, Philosophy 89 (2014), pp.273–300. Allen, R. T. ‘Mounce and Collingwood on Art and Craft’, British Journal of Aesthetics 33 (2) (1993), pp.173–6. Allen, R. T. ‘On Presuppositions and Presupposing’, Appraisal 1, supplementary issue (1997), pp.3–8.

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Allen, R. T. ‘Prolegomena to the Philosophy of Culture: R.G. Collingwood and Lucian Balga’, Revue Roumaine de Philosophie 50 (1–2) (2006), pp.3–11. Allen, R. T. ‘Art as Scales of Forms’, British Journal of Aesthetics 48 (2008), pp.395–409. Allen, R. T. Ethics as Scales of Forms, Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014. Altini, C. ‘Beyond Historicism: Collingwood, Strauss, Momigliano’, Interpretation: A Journal of Political Philosophy 34 (1) (2006), pp.47–66. Altounyan, T. In Aleppo Once, London: John Murray, 1969. New edition, with photographs, London: Amazon Publications, 2001. Altounyan, T. Chimes from a Wooden Bell: A Memoir, London: I.B. Tauris, 1990. Ambrosco, G. ‘Ce que signifie la Nature pour la Science, à propos de R.G. Collingwood’, The Idea of Nature, Critique 3 (1947), pp.546–52. Anderson, D. R. ‘Artistic Control in Collingwood’s Theory of Art’, Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 48 (1) (1990), pp.53–9. Anderson, D. R. and Hausman, C. R. ‘The Role of Aesthetic Emotion in R.G. Collingwood’s Conception of Creative Activity’, Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 50 (4), (1992), pp.299–305. Anderson, D. R. ‘Collingwood, R. G.’ in M. Kelly (ed.) Encyclopaedia of Aesthetics, I, Oxford University Press, 1998, pp.393–5. Anderson, N. ‘Repetition and re-­enactment: Collingwood on the relation between natural science and history’, Southern Journal of Philosophy 42 (3) (2004), pp.291–311. Archer, J. R. ‘Oakeshott on Politics’, Journal of Politics 41 (1979), pp.150–68. Armour, L. and Bartlett, E. T. The Conceptualisation of the Inner Life: A Philosophical Exploration, Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities, 1980. Stack, G. J. Review of Armour and Bartlett (1980) in Modern Schoolman 60 (1983), pp.207–8. Armstrong, A. M. ‘On Melodiousness’, British Journal of Aesthetics 19 (1979), pp.112–19. Armstrong, A. M. ‘The Primrose Path to Philistinism’, British Journal of Aesthetics 23 (1983), pp.138–47. Arnau, P. Relativismo Cognitivo E Historicidad: (Dilthey, Collingwood, Gadamer), Universitat de València (1997). Ashplant, T. G. and Wilson, A. ‘Present-­centred history and the problem of historical knowledge’, Historical Journal 31 (1988), pp.253–74. Astrov, A. On World Politics: R.G. Collingwood, Michael Oakeshott and Neotraditionalism in International Relations, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. Atkinson, R. F. Knowledge and Explanation in History: An Introduction to the Philosophy of History, London: Macmillan, 1978. Atkinson, R. F. ‘Kant’s Philosophy of History’ in Substance and Form in History (eds. L. Pompa and W. H. Dray), Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1981. Aydoğan, H. A. Introduction to H. A. Aydoğan, trans, Tarihin Ilkeleri ve tarih felsefesi ustune başka yazılar, Istanbul: YKY, 2005. Ayer, A. J. Philosophy in the Twentieth Century, New York: Random, 1982. Aysevener, K. Collingwood’un Tarİh Felsefesi, Ankara: IMGE, 2001. Baertschi, B. ‘Qu’est-­ce Qu’une Cause?’ Freiburger Zeitschrift für Philosophie und Theologie 29 (1982), pp.70–92. Bagby, P. Culture and History: Prolegomena to the Comparative Study of Civilisation, London: Longmans, Green, 1958. Bailey, J. ‘A Reply to Mischel’s “Collingwood on Art as Imaginative Expression” ’, Australasian Journal of Philosophy 41 (1963), pp.372–8.

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Bain, R. and Mirel, J. ‘Re-­enacting the Past: Using R.G. Collingwood at the Secondary Level’, History Teacher 15 (1982), pp.329–46. Balan, S. ‘The idea of metaphysics with R.G. Collingwood’, Revista de Filosofie (Romania) 49 (1–2) (2002), pp.79–86 (in Romanian). Barnard, F. M. ‘Accounting for Actions: Causality and Teleology’, History and Theory 20 (1981), pp.291–312. Barrowclough, D. Prehistoric Cumbria, Stroud: The History Press, 2010. Barzun, J. Clio and the Doctors: Psycho-History, Quanto-­History, and History, Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1974. Bates, D. ‘Rediscovering Collingwood’s Spiritual History: In and Out of Context’, History and Theory 35 (1) (1996), pp.29–55. Baumann, B. Imaginative Participation: The Career of an Organizing Concept in a Multidisciplinary Context, The Hague: Nijhoff, 1975. Baumgold, D. ‘Subjects and Soldiers: Hobbes on Military Service’, History of Political Thought 4 (1963), pp.43–64. Bayer, T. I. ‘Art as Symbolic Form: Cassirer on the Educational Value of Art’, The Journal of Aesthetic Education 40 (4) (2006), pp.51–64. Beaney, M. ‘Collingwood’s Critique of Analytic Philosophy’, CBIS 8 (2001), pp.99–122. Beaney, M. ‘Collingwood’s Conception of Presuppositional Analysis’, CBIS 11 (2) (2005), pp.41–114. Beaney, M. ‘Collingwood’s Critique of Oxbridge Realism’, in An Autobiography, revised edition, with Log of a Journey to the East Indies 1939, biographical and other essays, edited with an introduction by D. Boucher and T. Smith, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. Belvedrisi, R. ‘Collingwood y el constructivismo historico’, Revista de Filosofia 10 (7) (1997), pp.187–206. Bersu, G. ‘King Arthur’s Round Table’, CW 40 (1940), pp.169–206. Bertoldi, E. F. ‘Gadamer’s Criticism of Collingwood’, Idealistic Studies 12 (1984), pp.213–28. Bertoldi, E. F. ‘Collingwood and Eternal Philosophical Problems’, Dialogue: Canadian Philosophical Review 24 (1985), pp.387–97. Bertoldi, E. F. ‘Absolute Presuppositions and Irrationalism’, Southern Journal of Philosophy 27 (2) (1989), pp.157–172 Best, D. ‘Intentionality and Art’, Philosophy 56 (1981), pp.349–63. Bevir, M. ‘Universality and Particularity in the Philosophy of E.B. Bax and R.G. Collingwood’, History of the Human Sciences 12 (3) (1999), pp.55–69. Bidwell, P., Snape, M. and Croom, M. 1999. Hardknott Roman Fort, CWAAS Research Series no. 9, Dorchester: The Dorset Press. Bidwell, P. 2005. ‘The System of Obstacles on Hadrian’s Wall: their extent, date and purpose’, Arbeia Journal 8: 53–75. Bidwell, P. ed. 2008. Understanding Hadrian’s Wall, Kendal: Titus Wilson. Birley, A. ‘Collingwood as Archaeologist and Historian’, in An Autobiography, revised edition, with Log of a Journey to the East Indies 1939, biographical and other essays, edited with an introduction by D. Boucher and T. Smith, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. Birley, E. Research on Hadrian’s Wall, Kendal: Titus Wilson & Son, 1961. Blachowicz, J. ‘History and Nature in Collingwood’s Dialectic’, Idealistic Studies 6 (1976) pp.49–61. Black, D. W. ‘Collingwood on Corrupt Consciousness’, Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 40 (1982), pp.395–400.

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Blackburn, S. ‘Collingwood, Robin George’ in The Routledge Encyclopaedia of Philosophy (ed. E. Craig), 1998. Blackburn, S. ‘Re-­enactment as Critique of Logical Analysis: Wittgensteinian Themes in Collingwood’ in Empathy and Agency (ed. H. H. Kogler and K. R. Stueber), Boulder: Westview Press, 2000. Blackwell’s Catalogue No. 496, 1943, Philosophy and Theology, including a large number of books from the library of the late Prof. R. G. Collingwood. Blackwell’s Broad Street Oxford England. Blau, A. ‘Uncertainty and the History of Ideas’, History and Theory 50 (3) (2011), pp.358–72. Blocker, H. G. ‘Another look at Aesthetic Imagination’, Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 30 (1971–2), pp.529–36. Blum, A. ‘The Uses of Literature in Nineteenth and Twentieth-Century British Historiography’, Literature and History (Great Britain) 11 (1985), pp.176–202. Booth, M. B. ‘Skills, Concepts and Attitudes: The Development of Adolescent and Children’s Historical Thinking’, History and Theory 22 suppl. (1983), pp.101–17. Borchardt, G. The Ten Assumptions of Science: Toward a New Scientific Worldview, Lincoln NE: iUniverse, 2004. Boucher, D. ‘New Histories of Political Thought for Old’, Political Studies 31 (1983), pp.112–21. Boucher, D. ‘The Creation of the Past: British Idealism and Michael Oakeshott’s Philosophy of History’, History and Theory 23 (1984), pp.193–214. Boucher, D. (1984) ‘The Denial of Perennial Problems: the Negative Side of Quentin Skinner’s Theory’, Interpretation 12 (2 & 3) (1984), pp.287–300 Boucher, D. Texts in Context: Revisionist Methods for Studying the History of Ideas, The Hague: Nijhoff, 1985. Boucher, D. ‘W.H. Greenleaf: Idealism and the Triadic Conception of the History of Political Thought’, Idealistic Studies 16 (1986), pp.237–52. Boucher, D, ‘The Two Leviathans: R. G. Collingwood and Thomas Hobbes’, Political Studies 35 (1987), pp.443–60. Boucher, D. ‘Overlap and Autonomy: the Different Worlds of Collingwood and Oakeshott’, Storia, Antroplogia e Scienze del Linguaggio 4 (1989), pp.69–79. Boucher, D. The Social and Political Thought of R.G. Collingwood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Bellamy, R. ‘The social and political thought of R.G. Collingwood’, review of Boucher 1989 and Boucher, 1989 (ed.), R.G. Collingwood, Essays in Political Philosophy, History of European Ideas 13 (4) (1991), pp.469–70. Blackburn, S. Review of Boucher (1989) in Times Literary Supplement (6 April 1990), p.370. Butterworth, C. E. Review of Boucher (1989) in Choice 27 (1990), p.1584. Fell, A. P. Review of Boucher (1989) in Queen’s Quarterly 98 (1991), pp.257–58. Johnson, P. Review of Boucher (1989) in History of Political Thought, 11 (4) 1990, p.753. Johnston, W. M. Review of Boucher (1989) in American Historical Review 96 (1991), pp.127–8. McFee, G. Review of Boucher (1989) and Boucher, 1989 (ed.), R.G. Collingwood, Essays in Political Philosophy, Philosophical Books 23 (2) (1991), pp.94–6. [Reprinted in The Collingwood Journal, 1 (1992), pp.20–2.] McGinn, C. ‘Homage to Education’, Review of Boucher (1989) and Boucher, 1989 (ed.), R.G. Collingwood, Essays in Political Philosophy, in London Review of Books (16 Aug. 1990), pp.16–17.

Secondary Bibliographies

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Todd, J. and Cono, J. ‘Vico and Collingwood on “The Conceit of Scholars”’, History of European Ideas 6 (1985), pp.59–69. Todd, M. 2003. ‘The Haverfield Bequest: 1921–2000 and the study of Roman Britain’, Britannia 34: 35–40. Tomlin, E. W. F. ‘Philosophy and Politics’, The Criterion 17 (1937–1938), pp.237–53. Tomlin, E. W. F. ‘The Philosophy of R.G. Collingwood’, Ratio 1 (2) (1958), pp.116–35. Tomlin, E. W. F. R.G. Collingwood (Writers and their Works Series, 42), London: Longmans 1953 (revised edn 1961). Tomlin, E. W. F. The Approach to Metaphysics, London: Kegan Paul, 1947. Tomlin, E. W. F. The Western Philosophers, New York: Harper, 1963 (rev. ed. 1967). Ivie, S. Review of Tomlin (1963) in Journal of Thought 5 (1970), p.198. Toulmin, S. The Uses of Argument, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1958. Toulmin, S. ‘Conceptual Revolutions in Science’, in Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science Vol.3 (eds R. S. Cohen and M. Wartofsky), New York: Humanities Press, 1963–4, pp.332–47. Toulmin, S. ‘Conceptual Change and the Problem of Relativity’ in Critical Essays on the Philosophy of R.G. Collingwood (ed. M. Krausz), Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972. Toulmin, S. Human Understanding Vol. 1, Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1972. Toulmin, S. ‘Introduction’ to R.G. Collingwood, An Autobiography, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978. Townend, M. The Vikings and Victorian Lakeland: The Norse Medievalism of W.G. Collingwood and his Contemporaries, Kendal: Titus Wilson for the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society, 2009. Toynbee, A. J. ‘R.G. Collingwood’s View of the Historian’s Relation to the Objects that he Studies’, in A Study of History, 9, London: Oxford University Press, 1954. Trainor, P. ‘Collingwood on the Possibility of Progress in Metaphysics and the Sciences’, Modern Schoolman 58 (1980), pp.36–46. Trainor, P. ‘History and Reality: R.G. Collingwood’s Theory of Absolute Presuppositions’, Ultimate Reality and Meaning 7 (1984), pp.270–87. Trainor, P. ‘Autobiography as Philosophical Argument: Socrates, Descartes and Collingwood’, Thought 63 (1988), pp.378–96. Tregenza, I. ‘Collingwood, Oakeshott and Webb on the “Historical Element” in Religion’, CBIS 13 (2) (2007), pp.91–115. Trompf, G.W. ‘Croce and Collingwood on “Primitive” and “Classical” Aesthetics’, Literature and Aesthetics: The Journal of the Sydney Society of Literature and Aesthetics 7 (1997), pp.125–42. Tully, J. (ed.) Meaning and context: Quentin Skinner and his Critics, Oxford: Polity Press, 1988. Turner, J. ‘Diachronic Understanding’, Philosophy 43 (1968), pp.284–6. Turner, S. ‘Collingwood and Weber vs. Mink: History after the Cognitive Turn’, Journal of the Philosophy of History 5 (2) (2011), pp.230–60. Tuttle, H. N. ‘Some Questions in R.G. Collingwood’s Theory of Historical Understanding’, Southwest Philosophical Studies 2 (1977), pp.28–33. Twining, W. ‘R.G. Collingwood’s Autobiography: One Reader’s Response’, Journal of Law and Society 25 (4) (1998), pp.603–20. Tyler, C. ‘Performativity and the Intellectual Historian’s Re-­enactment of Written Works’, Journal of the Philosophy of History 3 (2009), pp.167–86. Urmson, J.O. ‘Collingwood, R.G.’ in Encyclopaedia of Western Philosophy, New York: Hawthorn, 1960.

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White, D. R. ‘Imagination and Description: Collingwood and the Historical Consciousness’, Clio (1972), pp.14–28. White, H. V. ‘Collingwood and Toynbee: transitions in English historical thought’, English Miscellany 8 (1957), pp.147–78. (Reprinted in The Fiction of Narrative: Essays on History, Literature and Theory, 1957–2007, edited with an Introduction by Robert Doran, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010.) Wick, D. L. ‘Psychomythology: A Phenomenological Critique of Psychohistory’, Dalhousie Revue 60 (1980), pp.290–9. Wide, S. ‘Absolute Presuppositions and the Limits of Reason: Some Aspects of the Philosophy of Collingwood’ in Anglo-American Idealism (eds J. Connelly and S. Panagakou), Bern: Peter Lang, 2010. Wilkins, B. T. ‘Collingwood Reconsidered’, British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 15 (57) (1964), pp.72–8. Wilkins, B. T. Has History any Meaning? A Critique of Popper’s Philosophy of History, Hassocks: Harvester, 1978. Wilkinson, R. ‘Art, Emotion and Expression’, in Philosophical Aesthetics: An Introduction (ed. O. Hanfling), Oxford: Blackwell, 1992. Williams, B. ‘An Essay on Collingwood’, in The Sense of the Past (ed. M. Burnyeat), New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2006. Wilson, A. F. ‘The Infancy of the History of Childhood: An Appraisal of Philippe Aries’, History and Theory 19 (1980), pp.132–53. Wilson, A. F. ‘Foundations of an integrated historiography’ in Rethinking Social History: English Social History 1570–1920 and its interpretation (ed. A. Wilson), Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1993. Wilson, A. F. ‘Collingwood’s Forgotten Historiographic Revolution’, CBIS 8 (2001), pp.6–72. Winch, P. The Idea of a Social Science and its Relation to Philosophy, London: Routledge, 1958; second edn, with new preface, 1990. Winchester, I. ‘Collingwood’s Notion of a Work of Art’, CBIS 10 (2004), pp.62–70. Winchester, I. ‘Physics and History’, CBIS 14 (1) (2008), pp.17–35. Wisner, D. A. ‘Modes of Visualisation in Neo-Idealist Theories of the Historical Imagination (Cassirer, Collingwood, Huizinga)’, CBIS 6 (1999), pp.53–84. Wollheim, R. ‘On an alleged inconsistency in Collingwood’s aesthetic’ in Critical Essays on the Philosophy of R.G.C. Collingwood (ed. M. Krausz), Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972. Wollheim, R. On Art and the Mind, London: Allen Lane, 1973. Wollheim, R. Art and its Objects (2nd edn), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980. Wreen, M. ‘Collingwood, Robin George (1889–1943)’ in The Oxford Companion to Philosophy, 2nd edn (ed. T. Honderich), Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005, pp.148–9. Wunberg, G. ‘R.G. Collingwood: The Idea of History’, Philosophischer Literaturanzeigen 9 (1956), pp.156–61. Yalçin, M. and Ağgül, F. ‘Collingwood’un Doğa Tasarimi ve Fen Eğitimi için Doğurgulari’, GÜ, Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 29 (2) (2009), pp.295–310. Yamunacharya, M. ‘Professor Collingwood’s Views on Metaphysics’, Philosophical Quarterly (India) 17 (1941), pp.144–50. Young, R. A. ‘R.G. Collingwood’s Logic of Questions and Answers’, Bradley Studies 3 (2) (1997), pp.151–75.

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II.  Unpublished University Theses and Dissertations Adam, B. C. The Re-Emergence of Metaphysical Aesthetics, Rice University, 1983. Atkinson, D. Form and Action in Art Education: A Reflection Upon Theory and Practice in the Teaching of Arts, University of Southampton, 1982. Baker, D. W. Rousseau’s Children: An Historical Analysis of the Romantic Paradigm in Art Education, Pennsylvania State University. Barrell, B. R. C. The Case for Conceptualising Teaching as an Art, University of Toronto, 1992. Black, D. W. The Genesis of Moral Perception, Pennsylvania State University. Browning, M. Theories, Facts and Artefacts: R.G. Collingwood and the Baconian Revolution in Romano-British Studies, University of Chicago, 1989. Ciocco, G. Collingwood’s Historical Philosophy: A Systematic Appraisal, Washington DC: Catholic University of America 1994. Coe, W. J. Metaphilosophy and Absolute Presuppositions, Pennsylvania State University. Colver, A. W. Evidence and Point of View in the Writing of History, Harvard University, 1957. Cragg, R. C. Collingwood’s Logic of Question and Answer: A Study of its Logical and Philosophical Implications on Historical Method, University of Toronto, 1948. Crom, S. E. Collingwood and Metaphysics, Yale University, 1952. Debbins, W. The Philosophy of R.G. Collingwood, Syracuse University, 1959. DeLong, H. The Development of R.G. Collingwood’s Theory of History, Princeton University, 1960. Delpaz, A. L. The Nature of the Aesthetic Experience in the Philosophy of Dewey and Collingwood and its Implications for Music Education, Pennsylvania State University, 1974. Delsandro, E. G. National History and the Novel in 1930s Britain, Washington University in St Louis, 2011. Donald, A. P. Acts and Omissions, University of St Andrews, 1990 Devanny, C. History and hermeneutics: the philosophy of R.G. Collingwood and its theological application, Durham University, 1997. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1224/1/1224. pdf Dreisbach, C. The Morality of Art: Collingwood’s View, Johns Hopkins University, 1987. Emblom, W. J. The Theory of Reality in the Philosophy of R.G. Collingwood, University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign), 1962. Fear, C. Old Problems Reopened. R.G. Collingwood and the History of Ideas, University of Exeter, 2013. Felser, J. M. R.G. Collingwood’s early philosophy of religion and its development, University of Chicago, 1992. Ficcara, F. T. Collingwood’s ‘New Leviathan’, University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign), 1961. Flanigan, T. M. Collingwood on the Nature of Metaphysics, St Louis University, 1964. Fox, C. L. A Critique of R.G. Collingwood’s Metaphysics, University of Colorado (Boulder), 1975. Frey, W. J. R.G. Collingwood’s Account of Scientific Change: A Case Against Relativism, Southern Illinois University (Carbondale), 1986. Gable, S, The Role of Inductive Generalizations in Collingwood’s Model of Historical Explanation, Washington DC: Catholic University of America, 2003. Gilman, J. E. R.G. Collingwood: The Idea of Religion, Drew University, 1982.

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Godbout, R. M. R.G. Collingwood’s Theory of Action and Duty: A Systematic Restatement, University of Kansas, 1974. González, C. Los Fundamentos Críticos Del Conocimiento Historico: La Filosofía de la Historia de R. G. Collingwood, Universidad de Oviedo, 1991. Grant, C. K. Professor Collingwood’s Conception of the Relations Between Metaphysics and History, and its Consequences for the Theory of Truth, University of Oxford, 1950. Grant, J. A. L. Collingwood’s ‘ Principles of Art’, University of Toronto, 1984. Griffith, B. E. Collingwood on Theory and Practice: Pedagogy for a Democratic Age, University of Toronto, 1984. Hagberg, G. L. Mind and Meaning in Aesthetics: A Critical Discussion of Theories of Expression and the Analogy Between Art and Language, University of Oregon, 1982. Hammond, J. E. Collingwood’s Theory of Presuppositions: The Road to a New Metaphysics, Indiana University (Bloomington), 1967. Helgeby, S. The Philosophy of History of R.G. Collingwood, in particular his concept of historical understanding of the human past, Australian National University, 1995. Hopkins, J. S. Epistemological Foundations of R.G. Collingwood’s Philosophy of History, Harvard University, 1963. Johnson, P. The Politics of Order: A Study of the Political Philosophy of R. G. Collingwood, University of Wales 1971. Juric, A. R. The Actions/Artifacts of Historical Agents as Expressions of Rational, Purposive Thought: R.G. Collingwood’s own ‘Absolute Presupposition’, University of Ottawa, 1992. Kamins, H. Aesthetic Claims: A Criticism of Collingwood’s, Lewis’ and Richards’ theories, and an Alternative Analysis of Critical Evaluations, Cornell University, 1955. Karam, G. R. The Educational Implications of R.G. Collingwood’s Aesthetics, Boston University, 1971. Kasuga, J. The Formation of R. G. Collingwood’s Early Critique of ‘Realism’, University of Cardiff, 2010. Kaufman, G. D. The Problem of relativism and the Possibility of Metaphysics: A Constructive Development of Certain Ideas in R.G. Collingwood, Wilhelm Dilthey, and Paul Tillich, Yale University, 1955. Kavanagh, R. The Art of Earth and Fire: The Aesthetics of Robin George Collingwood and the Craft of the Studio Potter, Concordia University, 1990. Kim, H. S. The Pilgrimage of ‘an eternal oedipus’: Continuity and Change in the philosophy of history of R.G. Collingwood, University of Wales, Swansea, 1992. Kobayashi, C. Collingwood on Re-­enactment: Understanding in history and interpretation of art, University of Ottowa, 2003 Koln, H. S. Die Geschichtsphilosophie R.G. Collingwood, University of Bonn, 1950. Krausz, M. A Critique of R.G. Collingwood’s Theory of Absolute Presuppositions, University of Toronto, 1969. Lateef, S. N. The Evaluation of Australian New Idealism: A Comparative study of R.G. Collingwood and E.H. Burgmann, University of Sydney, 2012. Light, L. W. Formalism, Expression theory, and the Aesthetics of Susanne Langer, SUNY (Buffalo), 1980. Luckman, J. G. R.G. Collingwood’s Doctrine of Absolute Presuppositions and its Bearing on the Problems of Historical Understanding, McMaster University, 1986. Main, E. J. Collingwood’s Philosophical Scale of Forms, Southern Illinois University (Carbondale), 1982. Mann, D. Structural Idealism, University of Waterloo, 1997. Martin, R. Collingwood’s Critique of the Concept of Human Nature, Columbia University, 1967.

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Mathers, D. M. Historical Knowledge in the Philosophy of R.G. Collingwood, Columbia University, 1953. Miles, G. The Dialectics of Political Choice: The Model of R.G. Collingwood’s ‘New Leviathan’, University of Oklahoma, 1978. Mischel, T. R.G. Collingwood’s Philosophy of Art, Columbia University, 1958. Modood, T. R.G. Collingwood, M.J. Oakeshott and the idea of a philosophical culture, University of Swansea, 1984. Nelson, S. M. The Role of History in the Political Philosophy of R.G. Collingwood, University of California (Berkeley), 1955. Nicholson, J. History, Mind and Self-Knowledge: The Historicism of R.G. Collingwood, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1976. Nordberg, K. M. Philosophy, History and the Crisis of the Modern Age: Unity in the Thought of R.G. Collingwood, University of Notre Dame, 1977. O’Neill, M. J. The Intelligibility of Human Nature in the Philosophy of R.G. Collingwood, Washington DC: Catholic University of America 2004. Owen, L. L. Expression and Art Education: A Study Based on the Aesthetic Theories of Collingwood and Dewey, Ohio State University, 1980. Pelaez, M. B. The Problem of Relativism and Rationality in the Philosophy of R.G. Collingwood, Tulane University, 1980. Petock, S. J. Kant and Collingwood on Aesthetic Experience, University of Cincinnati, 1971. Rao, D. Craft, Singing Craft and Musical Experience: A Philosophical Study with Implications for Vocal Music Education as Aesthetic Education, Northwestern University, 1988. Reeve, S. A. O. A Critical examination of R.G. Collingwood’s developing notion of the unity of the forms of experience, University of Bristol, 1992. Roblin, R. E. R.G. Collingwood’s Philosophy of History, University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill), 1969. Rolliston, C. R. G. Collingwood as a Philosopher of Social Science, Cardiff University, 2008. Rosser, T. Stop Being Abstract: A Collingwoodian Interpretation of Heidegger and Phenomenology, Lancaster University, 2003. Rowsell, H. C. A Comparative Study of the Philosophy of Civilization of R.G. Collingwood, C.N. Cochrane and H.A. Innis, University of Guelph, 1981. Rubinoff, L. The Relation between Philosophy and History in the Thought of R.G. Collingwood, University of Toronto, 1964. Rudzik, M. E. Folklore and History: An Analysis of an Unpublished Manuscript by R. G. Collingwood, University of Toronto, 1990. Rusk, J. W. The Idea of Religion and the Rapprochement of Philosophy and History in the Thought of R.G. Collingwood, Harvard University, 1976. Russell, A. F, The Logic of Question and Answer and its Relevance to Historical thought According to R.G. Collingwood, University of Ottawa, 1973. Sartorelli, L. M. Cause and Conditions: An Investigation into the Notion of Singular Cause, Indiana University, 1982. Sayles, E. M. A Critical Evaluation of R.G. Collingwood’s Views on Metaphysics, University of California (Los Angeles), 1956. Schneider, H. Die Geschichtsphilosophie R.G. Collingwood, University of Bonn, 1950. Sears, G. P. H. From Macrocosm to Mechanism: Models of Nature in Jonson’s Plays and Masques, University of Kentucky, 1980. Shipley, G. From Realism to Rapprochement: the Autobiographical Interpretation of Collingwood’s Philosophy, Loyola University of Chicago, 1983.

Secondary Bibliographies

289

Skagestad, P. R.G. Collingwood’s Theory of Presuppositions: its origins and contemporary philosophical significance, Brandeis University, 1973. Skodo, A. ‘Idealist Historicist Moments: Varieties of Agency in Modern British Historical Thought before, during and after the Second World War’, European University Institute in Florence, 2011. Smith, R. A. Collingwood, Phenomenology and Absolute Presuppositions, Purdue University, 1975. Smoke, J. G. A Comparison and Analysis of the Aesthetic Theories of Robin George Collingwood and Eugene F. Kaelin, Ball State University, 1972. Stanage, S. M. The Role of ‘Overlap’ in Collingwood’s Philosophy, University of Colorado, 1959. Stern-Gillet, S. Métaphysique et Histoire, Essai sur la philosophie de R. G. Collingwood, Ph.D Faculté Philosophie et Lettres, University of Liege, 1977. Stormer, G. D. The Early Hegelianism of R.G. Collingwood, Tulane University, 1971. Suranyi-Unger, N. Die Politische Philosophie von R.G. Collingwood, University of Munich, 1960. Sweet, D. G. The Dialectics of R.G. Collingwood, SUNY (Buffalo), 1976. Tabrea, D. The Development of Metaphysics as a Hermeneutics: Robin George Collingwood, Al I Cuza, University of Iasi, 2008. Thornbrugh, J. D. The Question of Method in the Philosophy of R.G. Collingwood, DePaul University, 1981. Threet, J. A. Art: A Crocean Approach (Intuition, Expression, Creativity, Metaphor), Stanford University, 1986. Tjaden, S. K. A Nominalistic Ontology of Music: Compositions as Concrete Particulars, Loyola University of Chicago, 1991. Toueg, R. Unity and Continuity in the Philosophy of R.G. Collingwood, University of Haifa, 2006. Trainor, P. J. The Place of Absolute Presuppositions in the Philosophy of R.G. Collingwood, Boston University, 1978. Young, T. A. Being and Analogy: The Role of Metaphysical Analogy in Classical Realism, Josiah Royce and R. G. Collingwood, Indiana University (Bloomington), 1954. Villemaire, D. Metaphysics in the Twentieth Century: the Philosophies of R.G. Collingwood and E.A. Burtt, University of Vermont, 1994. Walker, C. T. The Thought of R.G. Collingwood: Tradition as Tradition Overcome, York University, 1979. Wallace, C. N. Metaphor and Anthropomorphism in Collingwood’s Theory of Absolute Presuppositions, Bryn Mawr College, 1977. Wasserman, I. Realism and Historicism: A Study of the Philosophy of R. G. Collingwood, Indiana University (Bloomington), 1956. Webster, G. A. R.G. Collingwood’s Conception of Philosophy, University of Washington, 1967. Wendel, R. L. An Analysis of the Structure of History Identified by Collingwood Directed Toward a Translation for Reflective Procedure for Learning History, University of Northern Colorado, 1967. Williams, D. E. The Metaphysical and Political Theories of R.G. Collingwood, London School of Economics, 1960. Wuori, G. K. Imagination, Mind and History in R.G. Collingwood’s Philosophy of Man, Purdue University, 1973. Ziff, R. P. The Notion of a Work of Art with Special Reference to the Esthetic Theory of R.G. Collingwood, Cornell University, 1952.

8

Collingwood Archives The main archive sources for the study of R. G. Collingwood are listed below: Abbot Hall Art Gallery and Museum of Lakeland Life, Kendal W. G. Collingwood Archive. (Pictures, letters, diaries by the Collingwood family) Armitt Library & Museum Centre, Ambleside (Printed and manuscript archaeological material) Bodleian Library, Oxford Papers of R. G. Collingwood (as listed in Ruth A. Burchnall, Catalogue of the Papers of R. G. Collingwood 1889–1943, The Bodleian Library, Oxford, 1994). This catalogue has been updated and amended. (Copies, photocopies and microfilms of manuscripts and letters by R. G. Collingwood, including items in other collections in Oxford) British Library Letters from R. G. Collingwood to Macmillan and Co. Ltd, 13 July 1916 to 10 October 1931, Add. Mss. 55270f. Brotherton Special Collections University of Leeds Library (Arthur Ransome papers) Centre for the Study of Ancient Documents, Oxford Contains the original drawings for The Roman Inscriptions of Britain: Volume I Inscriptions on Stone and Collingwood’s card index for the Inscriptions project. Collingwood and British Idealism Centre School of European Studies, Cardiff University (Copies of PhD theses, copies and photocopies of Collingwood family papers, archaeological papers, philosophical papers) Clarendon Press Archives (Letters to the Clarendon Press 1923–42)

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R. G. Collingwood: A Research Companion

Cumbria Record Office, Kendal Collingwood Family Archive. (Family letters, many mentioning R. G. Collingwood’s activities; no letters by RGC) Centre for Idealism and New Liberalism Department of Politics, University of Hull. (Books and manuscripts related to Collingwood, British idealism, E. E. Harris) Deutsche’s Archaologischls Institut, Berlin, Archiv (Letter concerning membership of the Institute) Faber and Faber Archive, London (Letters concerning reviews in The Criterion) Folklore Society Archives, London (Letters concerning membership, library, giving a paper) Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center University of Texas at Austin (Letter to Ann Bridge) Houghton Library Harvard University (Letter to W. Rothenstein) Istituto de Storia Moderna, Rome (Correspondence with de Ruggiero) John Rylands Library University of Manchester (Alexander Papers: Correspondence with Samuel Alexander) Keele University Library (Lindsay Papers: letter to Lindsay) London School of Economics (LSE) Archives (Seligman Papers: correspondence) Lund University Library Manuscript Section (Letter to E. Ekwall) Magdalen College Oxford, Archives J. A. Smith papers (Some letters. Various manuscripts, including the disputed The Theory of History: for details, see articles by J. Patrick and J. Connelly)

Archives

293

National Library of Iceland (Letters to Jon Stefansson) National Museum of Wales (Letters to R. E. M. Wheeler) Pembroke College Oxford, Archives (Minutes of college societies, recollections of Collingwood. The library also contains some books previously owned by Collingwood) Ruskin Museum, Coniston (Pictures, sculptures, artefacts by the Collingwood family) St Andrews University Library, Archives Department The papers of T. M. Knox (Letters from RGC; letters and manuscripts discussing RGC) St. John’s College Library, Cambridge Papers of F. S. H. Kendon (Letter to G.G. Coulton) Sackler Library, Oxford. [Formerly known as the Ashmolean Library] (Originals of archaeological material and manuscripts) Teresa Smith Archives, Oxford Private collection of letters, books and manuscripts Universitat Freiburg-­im-Breisgau Archiv, Nachlass (Letters to E. Fabricius) University of California at Los Angeles Library Department of Special Collections, Manuscript Division F. C. S. Schiller papers (Correspondence with F. C. S. Schiller) University of Liverpool Library Special Collections Works and Papers of A. L. Reade (Letters to A. L. Reade) Wellcome Library, London Special Collections, M. Lowenfeld papers (Letter to M. Lowenfeld)