Properties Tables Booklet for Thermal Fluids Engineering [1 ed.] 0521709229, 9780521709224

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PROPERTY TABLES FOR THERMAL FLUIDS ENGINEERING SI AND U.S. CUSTOMARY UNITS

Stephen R. Turns David R. Kraige

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS

Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521709224 © Stephen R.Turns 2007 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published in print format 2007

ISBN-13

978-0-511-53975-6

eBook (EBL)

ISBN-13

978-0-521-70922-4

paperback

Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.

Contents

SI UNITS, APPENDICES A-M

PART ONE

APPENDIX A: THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF REFRIGERANT-134a Saturation Properties of Refrigerant R-134a: Temperature Increments

Table A.2

Saturation Properties of Refrigerant R-134a: Pressure Increments

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Table A.3

Superheated Vapor

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Table A.1

APPENDIX B: THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF IDEAL GASES AND CARBON Table B.1

CO

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Table B.2

CO2

Table B.3

H2

Table B.4

H

Table B.5

OH

Table B.6

H2O

Table B.7

N2

Table B.8

N

Table B.9

NO

Table B.10

NO2

Table B.11

O2

Table B.12

O

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Table B.13

C(s) (Graphite)

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Table B.14

Curve-Fit Coefficients for Thermodynamic Properties

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APPENDIX C: THERMODYNAMIC AND THERMO-PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AIR Table C.1

Approximate Composition, Apparent Molecular Weight, and Gas Constant for Dry Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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iii

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CONTENTS

Table C.2

Thermodynamic Properties of Air at 1 atm

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Table C.3

Thermo-Physical Properties of Air

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APPENDIX D: THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF H2O Table D.1

Saturation Properties of Water and Steam: Temperature Increments

Table D.2

Saturation Properties of Water and Steam: Pressure Increments

Table D.3

Superheated Vapor (Steam)

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Table D.4

Compressed Liquid (Water)

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Table D.5

Vapor Properties: Saturated Solid (Ice)–Water Vapor

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APPENDIX E: VARIOUS THERMODYNAMIC DATA Table E.1

Critical Constants and Specific Heats for Selected Gases

Table E.2

Van der Waals Constants for Selected Gases

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APPENDIX F: THERMO-PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SELECTED GASES AT 1 ATM Table F.1

Thermo-Physical Properties of Selected Gases (1 atm)

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APPENDIX G: THERMO-PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SELECTED LIQUIDS Table G.1

Thermo-Physical Properties of Saturated Water

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Table G.2

Thermo–Physical Properties of Various Saturated Liquids

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APPENDIX H: THERMO-PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDROCARBON FUELS Table H.1

Selected Properties of Hydrocarbon Fuels

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Table H.2

Curve-Fit Coefficients for Fuel Specific Heat and Enthalpy

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Table H.3

Curve-Fit Coefficients for Fuel Vapor Thermal Conductivity, Viscosity, and Specific Heat . . . . . . . . . . . .

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APPENDIX I: THERMO-PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SELECTED SOLIDS Table I.1

Thermo-Physical Properties of Selected Metallic Solids

Table I.2

Thermo-Physical Properties of Selected Nonmetallic Solids

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Table I.3

Thermo-Physical Properties of Common Materials

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Table I.4

Thermo-Physical Properties of Structural Building Materials

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Table I.5

Thermo-Physical Properties of Industrial Insulation

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CONTENTS

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APPENDIX J: RADIATION PROPERTIES OF SELECTED MATERIALS AND SUBSTANCES Table J.1 Table J.2

Total, Normal (n), or Hemispherical (h) Emissivity of Selected Surfaces: Metallic Solids and Their Oxides . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Total, Normal (n), or Hemispherical (h) Emissivity of Selected Surfaces: Nonmetallic Substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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APPENDIX K: MACH NUMBER RELATIONSHIPS FOR COMPRESSIBLE FLOW Table K.1 Table K.2

One-Dimensional, Isentropic, Variable-Area Flow of Air with Constant Properties (␥ ⫽ 1.4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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One-Dimensional Normal-Shock Functions for Air with Constant Properties (␥ ⫽ 1.4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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APPENDIX L: PSYCHROMETRY CHART Appendix L.1

Psychrometry Chart

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APPENDIX M: PROPERTIES OF THE ATMOSPHERE AT HIGH ALTITUDE Table M.1

Properties of the Atmosphere at High Altitude

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U.S. CUSTOMARY UNITS

PART TWO

APPENDIX AE: THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF REFRIGERANT-134a Table AE.1

Saturated Properties of Refrigerant R-134a: Temperature Increments

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Table AE.2

Saturated Properties of Refrigerant R-134a: Pressure Increments

Table AE.3

Superheated Vapor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100

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APPENDIX BE: THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF IDEAL GASES AND CARBON Table BE.1

CO

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CO2

Table BE.3

H2

Table BE.4

H

Table BE.5

OH

Table BE.6

H2O

Table BE.7

N2

Table BE.8

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vi

CONTENTS

Table BE.9

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Table BE.10

NO2

Table BE.11

O2

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Table BE.13

C(s) (Graphite)

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APPENDIX CE: THERMODYNAMIC AND THERMO-PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF AIR Table CE.1

Approximate Composition, Apparent Molecular Weight, and Gas Constant for Dry Air . . . . . . . . . .

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Thermodynamic Properties of Air at 1 atm

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Table CE.3

Thermo-Phsyical Properties of Air at 1 atm

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Table DE.1

Saturated Properties of Water and Steam: Temperature Increments

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Table DE.2

Saturated Properties of Water and Steam: Pressure Increments

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Table DE.3

Superheated Vapor (Steam)

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Table DE.4

Compressed Liquid (Water)

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Table DE.5

Vapor Properties: Saturated Solid (Ice)—Vapor

APPENDIX DE: THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF H2O

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APPENDIX EE: VARIOUS THERMODYNAMIC DATA Table EE.1

Critical Constants and Specific Heats for Selected Gases

Table EE.2

Van der Waals Constants for Selected Gases

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APPENDIX FE: THERMO-PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SELECTED GASES AT 1 atm Table FE.1

Thermo-Physical Properties of Selected Gases (1 atm)

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APPENDIX GE: THERMO-PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SELECTED LIQUIDS Table GE.1

Thermo-Physical Properties of Saturated Water

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Table GE.2

Thermo-Physical Properties of Saturated Refrigerant-134a

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APPENDIX HE: THERMO-PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF HYDROCARBON FUELS Table HE.1

Selected Properties of Hydrocarbon Fuels

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CONTENTS

vii

APPENDIX IE: THERMO-PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SELECTED SOLIDS Table IE.1

Thermo-Physical Properties of Selected Metallic Solids

Table IE.2

Thermo-Physical Properties of Selected Nonmetallic Solids

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Table IE.3

Thermo-Physical Properties of Common Materials

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Table IE.4

Thermo-Physical Properties of Structural Building Materials

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Table IE.5

Thermo-Physical Properties of Industrial Insulation

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APPENDIX LE: PSYCHROMETRY CHART Table LE:

Psychrometry Chart

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APPENDIX ME: PROPERTIES OF THE ATMOSPHERE AT HIGH ALTITUDES Table ME.1

Properties of the Atmosphere at High Altitude

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Preface

The tables in the booklet complement the property tables in the appendices to Thermodynamics: Concepts and Applications and Thermal-Fluid Science: An Integrated Approach by Stephen R. Turns. In addition to duplicating the SI tables in these books in both SI and US Customary units, the present booklet contains property data for the refrigerant R-134a and properties of the atmosphere at high altitudes.

Part One

SI Units, Appendices A—M

Appendix A Thermodynamic Properties of Refrigerant-134a

page 3

page 4

Sat. Liquid, vf 0.00070537 0.00071120 0.00071719 0.00072336 0.00072970 0.00073294 0.00073623 0.00073958 0.00074297 0.00074994 0.00075714 0.00076460 0.00077233 0.00077631 0.00078037 0.00078451 0.00078873 0.00079305 0.00079745 0.00080196 0.00080657 0.00081128 0.00081610 0.00082105 0.00082612 0.00083131 0.00083665

Press., Psat, MPa

0.051209 0.062908 0.076658 0.092703 0.11130 0.12165 0.13273 0.14460 0.15728 0.18524 0.21693 0.25268 0.29280 0.31462 0.33766 0.36198 0.38761 0.41461 0.44301 0.47288 0.50425 0.53718 0.57171 0.60789 0.64578 0.68543 0.72688

Temp., ⬚C

⫺40 ⫺36 ⫺32 ⫺28 ⫺24 ⫺22 ⫺20 ⫺18 ⫺16 ⫺12 ⫺8 ⫺4 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28

0.36108 0.29771 0.24727 0.20680 0.17407 0.16006 0.14739 0.13592 0.12551 0.10744 0.092422 0.079866 0.069309 0.064663 0.060385 0.056443 0.052804 0.049442 0.046332 0.043451 0.040780 0.038301 0.035997 0.033854 0.031858 0.029998 0.028263

Sat. Vapor, vg

Specific Volume, m3/kg

148.11 153.14 158.19 163.28 168.39 170.96 173.54 176.12 178.72 183.93 189.17 194.45 199.77 202.45 205.13 207.83 210.53 213.25 215.98 218.71 221.46 224.23 227.00 229.79 232.59 235.40 238.23

Sat. Liquid, uf 355.51 357.81 360.11 362.40 364.70 365.84 366.99 368.13 369.28 371.55 373.82 376.07 378.31 379.42 380.53 381.63 382.73 383.82 384.90 385.98 387.05 388.11 389.17 390.21 391.25 392.28 393.29

Sat. Vapor, ug

Internal Energy, kJ/kg

Table A.1 Saturation Properties of Refrigerant R-134a: Temperature Increments

148.14 153.18 158.25 163.34 168.47 171.05 173.64 176.23 178.83 184.07 189.34 194.65 200.00 202.69 205.40 208.11 210.84 213.58 216.33 219.09 221.87 224.66 227.47 230.29 233.12 235.97 238.84

Sat. Liquid, hf 225.86 223.36 220.81 218.23 215.60 214.27 212.91 211.56 210.19 207.39 204.53 201.60 198.60 197.08 195.52 193.95 192.36 190.74 189.10 187.44 185.74 184.03 182.28 180.50 178.70 176.87 175.00

Evap., hfg

Enthalpy, kJ/kg

374.00 376.54 379.06 381.57 384.07 385.32 386.55 387.79 389.02 391.46 393.87 396.25 398.60 399.77 400.92 402.06 403.20 404.32 405.43 406.53 407.61 408.69 409.75 410.79 411.82 412.84 413.84

Sat. Vapor, hg

0.79561 0.81700 0.83814 0.85906 0.87975 0.89002 0.90025 0.91042 0.92054 0.94066 0.96060 0.98037 1.0000 1.0098 1.0195 1.0292 1.0388 1.0485 1.0581 1.0677 1.0772 1.0867 1.0962 1.1057 1.1152 1.1246 1.1341

Sat. Liquid, sf

1.7643 1.7588 1.7538 1.7492 1.7451 1.7432 1.7413 1.7396 1.7379 1.7348 1.7320 1.7294 1.7271 1.7260 1.7250 1.7240 1.7230 1.7221 1.7212 1.7204 1.7196 1.7188 1.7180 1.7173 1.7166 1.7159 1.7152

Sat. Vapor, sg

Entropy, kJ/kg ⴢK

page 5

30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 48 52 56 60 70 80 90 100

0.77020 0.81543 0.86263 0.91185 0.96315 1.0166 1.0722 1.1301 1.2529 1.3854 1.5282 1.6818 2.1168 2.6332 3.2442 3.9724

0.00084213 0.00084777 0.00085357 0.00085954 0.00086569 0.00087204 0.00087859 0.00088537 0.00089965 0.00091502 0.00093166 0.00094979 0.0010038 0.0010773 0.0011936 0.0015357

0.026642 0.025126 0.023708 0.022380 0.021135 0.019966 0.018868 0.017837 0.015951 0.014276 0.012782 0.011444 0.0086527 0.0064483 0.0046134 0.0026809

241.07 243.93 246.80 249.69 252.60 255.52 258.46 261.42 267.41 273.47 279.64 285.91 302.16 319.55 339.06 367.20

394.30 395.29 396.27 397.24 398.19 399.13 400.05 400.96 402.71 404.37 405.94 407.38 410.33 411.83 410.45 397.03

241.72 244.62 247.54 250.48 253.43 256.41 259.41 262.43 268.53 274.74 281.06 287.50 304.28 322.39 342.93 373.30

173.10 171.16 169.18 167.17 165.12 163.02 160.87 158.68 154.16 149.41 144.41 139.13 124.37 106.42 82.490 34.380

414.82 415.78 416.72 417.65 418.55 419.43 420.28 421.11 422.69 424.15 425.47 426.63 428.65 428.81 425.42 407.68

1.1435 1.1529 1.1623 1.1717 1.1811 1.1905 1.1999 1.2092 1.2280 1.2469 1.2658 1.2848 1.3332 1.3836 1.4390 1.5188

1.7145 1.7138 1.7131 1.7124 1.7118 1.7111 1.7103 1.7096 1.7081 1.7064 1.7045 1.7024 1.6956 1.6850 1.6662 1.6109

page 6

Temp., Tsat, ⬚C

⫺36.935 ⫺31.115 ⫺26.361 ⫺22.310 ⫺18.760 ⫺15.588 ⫺12.712 ⫺10.076 ⫺5.3653 ⫺1.2277 2.4768 5.8412 8.9306 15.735 21.572 26.713 31.327 35.526 39.388 46.315 52.422 57.906 62.895 67.481 77.577 86.203

Press., MPa

0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2 0.24 0.28 0.32 0.36 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 2.5 3

0.00070982 0.00071854 0.00072593 0.00073244 0.00073830 0.00074368 0.00074868 0.00075337 0.00076202 0.00076993 0.00077727 0.00078418 0.00079073 0.00080595 0.00081998 0.00083320 0.00084585 0.00085811 0.00087007 0.00089351 0.00091671 0.00094010 0.00096400 0.00098877 0.0010569 0.0011413

Sat. Liquid, vf 0.31123 0.23755 0.19256 0.16214 0.14015 0.12349 0.11042 0.099877 0.083906 0.072360 0.063611 0.056744 0.051207 0.041123 0.034300 0.029365 0.025625 0.022687 0.020316 0.016718 0.014110 0.012126 0.010562 0.0092915 0.0069403 0.0052813

Sat. Vapor, vg

Specific Volume, m3/kg

151.96 159.31 165.37 170.56 175.14 179.25 183.00 186.45 192.65 198.14 203.09 207.61 211.79 221.10 229.19 236.41 242.97 249.01 254.63 264.88 274.12 282.61 290.52 297.98 315.20 331.28

Sat. Liquid, uf 357.27 360.61 363.34 365.67 367.70 369.51 371.15 372.64 375.30 377.62 379.69 381.54 383.24 386.91 389.99 392.64 394.96 397.01 398.85 401.98 404.54 406.64 408.35 409.70 411.65 411.49

Sat. Vapor, ug

Internal Energy, kJ/kg

Table A.2 Saturation Properties of Refrigerant R-134a: Pressure Increments

152.00 159.37 165.44 170.65 175.24 179.37 183.13 186.60 192.83 198.35 203.34 207.90 212.11 221.50 229.68 236.99 243.65 249.78 255.50 265.95 275.40 284.11 292.26 299.95 317.84 334.70

Sat. Liquid, hf 223.94 220.25 217.16 214.47 212.08 209.90 207.89 206.02 202.61 199.54 196.70 194.07 191.61 185.97 180.89 176.21 171.81 167.65 163.66 156.09 148.90 141.93 135.10 128.33 111.17 92.640

Evap., hfg 375.94 379.62 382.60 385.12 387.32 389.27 391.02 392.62 395.44 397.89 400.04 401.97 403.72 407.47 410.57 413.20 415.46 417.43 419.16 422.04 424.30 426.04 427.36 428.28 429.01 427.34

Sat. Vapor, hg

Enthalpy, kJ/kg

0.81202 0.84278 0.86756 0.88844 0.90656 0.92262 0.93709 0.95027 0.97364 0.99399 1.0121 1.0284 1.0433 1.0759 1.1037 1.1280 1.1497 1.1695 1.1876 1.2201 1.2489 1.2748 1.2987 1.3209 1.3711 1.4171

Sat. Liquid, sf

1.7601 1.7528 1.7475 1.7435 1.7402 1.7376 1.7353 1.7334 1.7303 1.7278 1.7257 1.7240 1.7226 1.7197 1.7175 1.7156 1.7140 1.7126 1.7113 1.7087 1.7062 1.7036 1.7007 1.6976 1.6881 1.6748

Sat. Vapor, sg

Entropy, kJ/kg ⴢK

Appendix A

Thermodynamic Properties of Refrigerant-134a

Table A.3 Superheated Vapor Table A.3A

P ⫽ 0.06 MPa (Tsat ⫽ ⫺36.935⬚C)

T, ⬚C

v, m3/kg

u, kJ/kg

h, kJ/kg

s, kJ/kg ⴢK

Sat. ⫺20 ⫺10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

0.311230 0.336080 0.350490 0.364760 0.378930 0.39303 0.40705 0.42102 0.43495 0.44884 0.46269 0.47652 0.49032

357.27 368.74 375.70 382.80 390.07 397.50 405.10 412.86 420.79 428.88 437.14 445.56 454.14

375.94 388.91 396.73 404.69 412.81 421.08 429.52 438.12 446.88 455.81 464.90 474.15 483.56

1.7601 1.8131 1.8434 1.8730 1.9022 1.9310 1.9593 1.9872 2.0147 2.0419 2.0688 2.0954 2.1217

Table A.3B

P ⫽ 0.10 MPa (Tsat ⫽ ⫺26.361⬚C)

T, ⬚C

v, m3/kg

u, kJ/kg

h, kJ/kg

s, kJ/kg ⴢK

Sat. ⫺20 ⫺10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

0.192560 0.198410 0.207430 0.216300 0.225060 0.23373 0.24233 0.25088 0.25938 0.26784 0.27626 0.28466 0.29303

363.34 367.81 374.89 382.10 389.45 396.94 404.59 412.40 420.37 428.49 436.78 445.23 453.84

382.60 387.65 395.64 403.73 411.95 420.31 428.82 437.49 446.30 455.28 464.41 473.70 483.14

1.7475 1.7677 1.7986 1.8288 1.8584 1.8874 1.9160 1.9441 1.9718 1.9991 2.0261 2.0528 2.0792

Table A.3C

P ⫽ 0.14 MPa (Tsat ⫽ ⫺18.760⬚C)

T, ⬚C

v, m3/kg

u, kJ/kg

h, kJ/kg

s, kJ/kg ⴢK

Sat. ⫺10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0.140150 0.146060 0.152630 0.159080 0.165440 0.17172 0.17795 0.18412 0.19025 0.19635 0.20243 0.20847 0.21450

367.70 374.05 381.37 388.81 396.37 404.08 411.93 419.94 428.10 436.42 444.90 453.53 462.32

387.32 394.50 402.74 411.08 419.53 428.12 436.84 445.72 454.74 463.91 473.24 482.72 492.35

1.7402 1.7680 1.7987 1.8287 1.8580 1.8868 1.9151 1.9430 1.9705 1.9977 2.0244 2.0509 2.0771

7

8

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table A.3D

P ⫽ 0.18 MPa (Tsat ⫽ ⫺12.712⬚C)

T, ⬚C

v, m3/kg

u, kJ/kg

h, kJ/kg

s, kJ/kg ⴢK

Sat. ⫺10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0.110420 0.111900 0.117220 0.122400 0.127480 0.13248 0.13742 0.14230 0.14715 0.15196 0.15674 0.16149 0.16622

371.15 373.17 380.62 388.15 395.79 403.55 411.46 419.51 427.71 436.06 444.56 453.22 462.03

391.02 393.31 401.72 410.18 418.73 427.40 436.19 445.13 454.20 463.41 472.78 482.29 491.95

1.7353 1.7441 1.7754 1.8059 1.8355 1.8646 1.8931 1.9212 1.9489 1.9761 2.0030 2.0296 2.0558

Table A.3E

P ⫽ 0.20 MPa (Tsat ⫽ ⫺10.076⬚C)

T, ⬚C

v, m3/kg

u, kJ/kg

h, kJ/kg

s, kJ/kg ⴢ K

Sat. ⫺10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0.099877 0.099915 0.104810 0.109550 0.114190 0.11874 0.12323 0.12766 0.13206 0.13642 0.14074 0.14505 0.14933

372.64 372.70 380.23 387.82 395.49 403.29 411.22 419.29 427.51 435.88 444.39 453.06 461.88

392.62 392.68 401.20 409.73 418.33 427.04 435.87 444.83 453.92 463.16 472.54 482.07 491.75

1.7334 1.7337 1.7654 1.7961 1.8259 1.8551 1.8838 1.9120 1.9397 1.9670 1.9939 2.0206 2.0468

Table A.3F

P ⫽ 0.24 MPa (Tsat ⫽ ⫺5.3653⬚C)

T, ⬚C

v, m3/kg

u, kJ/kg

h, kJ/kg

s, kJ/kg ⴢK

Sat. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

0.083906 0.086170 0.090262 0.094233 0.098118 0.10193 0.10570 0.10942 0.11310 0.11675 0.12038 0.12398

375.30 379.43 387.13 394.89 402.75 410.74 418.86 427.11 435.51 444.06 452.75 461.59

395.44 400.11 408.79 417.51 426.30 435.20 444.22 453.37 462.65 472.08 481.64 491.35

1.7303 1.7475 1.7787 1.8090 1.8385 1.8674 1.8957 1.9236 1.9511 1.9781 2.0048 2.0312

Appendix A

Table A.3G

Thermodynamic Properties of Refrigerant-134a

P ⫽ 0.28 MPa (Tsat ⫽ ⫺1.2277⬚C)

T, ⬚C

v, m3/kg

u, kJ/kg

h, kJ/kg

s, kJ/kg ⴢ K

Sat. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

0.072360 0.072819 0.076460 0.079966 0.083378 0.086719 0.090003 0.093242 0.096443 0.099612 0.10275 0.10587 0.10897 0.11206

377.62 378.59 386.42 394.27 402.21 410.25 418.41 426.71 435.14 443.71 452.43 461.30 470.31 479.47

397.89 398.98 407.83 416.67 425.55 434.53 443.61 452.82 462.14 471.61 481.20 490.94 500.82 510.85

1.7278 1.7318 1.7636 1.7943 1.8241 1.8532 1.8818 1.9098 1.9374 1.9646 1.9914 2.0178 2.0440 2.0698

Table A.3H

P ⫽ 0.32 MPa (Tsat ⫽ 2.4768⬚C)

T, ⬚C

v, m3/kg

u, kJ/kg

h, kJ/kg

s, kJ/kg ⴢ K

Sat. 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

0.063611 0.066088 0.069252 0.072313 0.075299 0.078226 0.081106 0.083947 0.086755 0.089536 0.092293 0.095030 0.097749

379.69 385.69 393.64 401.65 409.75 417.96 426.30 434.77 443.37 452.11 461.00 470.03 479.21

400.04 406.83 415.80 424.79 433.85 443.00 452.25 461.63 471.13 480.77 490.54 500.44 510.49

1.7257 1.7501 1.7812 1.8113 1.8407 1.8695 1.8977 1.9254 1.9527 1.9796 2.0062 2.0324 2.0583

Table A.3I

P ⫽ 0.40 MPa (Tsat ⫽ 8.9306⬚C)

T, ⬚C

v, m3/kg

u, kJ/kg

h, kJ/kg

s, kJ/kg ⴢ K

Sat. 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140

0.051207 0.051506 0.054214 0.056797 0.059293 0.061724 0.064104 0.066443 0.068748 0.071023 0.073275 0.075505 0.077717 0.079914 0.082097

383.24 384.12 392.32 400.50 408.73 417.05 425.47 434.01 442.67 451.47 460.41 469.48 478.69 488.05 497.55

403.72 404.72 414.01 423.22 432.45 441.74 451.11 460.58 470.17 479.88 489.72 499.68 509.78 520.02 530.39

1.7226 1.7261 1.7584 1.7893 1.8192 1.8484 1.8770 1.9050 1.9325 1.9597 1.9864 2.0127 2.0387 2.0645 2.0899

9

10

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table A.3J

P ⫽ 0.50 MPa (Tsat ⫽ 15.735⬚C)

T, ⬚C

v, m3/kg

u, kJ/kg

h, kJ/kg

s, kJ/kg ⴢK

Sat. 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140

0.041123 0.042116 0.044338 0.046456 0.048499 0.050486 0.052427 0.054331 0.056205 0.058054 0.059880 0.061688 0.063479 0.065257

386.91 390.55 398.99 407.40 415.86 424.40 433.04 441.78 450.65 459.65 468.78 478.04 487.44 496.98

407.47 411.61 421.16 430.63 440.11 449.64 459.25 468.95 478.76 488.68 498.72 508.88 519.18 529.60

1.7197 1.7339 1.7659 1.7967 1.8265 1.8555 1.8839 1.9118 1.9392 1.9661 1.9927 2.0189 2.0447 2.0703

Table A.3K

P ⫽ 0.60 MPa (Tsat ⫽ 21.572⬚C)

T, ⬚C

v, m3/kg

u, kJ/kg

h, kJ/kg

s, kJ/kg ⴢ K

Sat. 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

0.034300 0.035984 0.037865 0.039659 0.041389 0.043070 0.044710 0.046319 0.047900 0.049459 0.050998 0.052520 0.054027 0.055522 0.057006

389.99 397.37 406.01 414.63 423.30 432.04 440.87 449.82 458.88 468.06 477.37 486.82 496.39 506.11 515.96

410.57 418.96 428.73 438.43 448.13 457.88 467.70 477.61 487.62 497.74 507.97 518.33 528.81 539.42 550.16

1.7175 1.7455 1.7772 1.8077 1.8373 1.8661 1.8943 1.9220 1.9492 1.9759 2.0023 2.0283 2.0540 2.0794 2.1045

Table A.3L

P ⫽ 0.70 MPa (Tsat ⫽ 26.713⬚C)

T, ⬚C

v, m3/kg

u, kJ/kg

h, kJ/kg

s, kJ/kg ⴢ K

Sat. 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160

0.029365 0.029966 0.031696 0.033322 0.034875 0.036374 0.037829 0.039250 0.040642 0.042010 0.043358 0.044689 0.046004 0.047307 0.048598

392.64 395.62 404.53 413.35 422.16 431.01 439.94 448.97 458.09 467.34 476.70 486.19 495.80 505.55 515.44

413.20 416.60 426.72 436.67 446.57 456.47 466.42 476.44 486.54 496.74 507.05 517.47 528.01 538.67 549.45

1.7156 1.7269 1.7598 1.7910 1.8212 1.8505 1.8791 1.9070 1.9345 1.9615 1.9880 2.0142 2.0400 2.0655 2.0907

Appendix A

Table A.3M

Thermodynamic Properties of Refrigerant-134a

P ⫽ 0.80 MPa (Tsat ⫽ 31.327⬚C)

T, ⬚C

v, m3/kg

u, kJ/kg

h, kJ/kg

s, kJ/kg ⴢK

Sat. 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180

0.025625 0.027036 0.028547 0.029974 0.031340 0.032659 0.033942 0.035193 0.036420 0.037626 0.038813 0.039985 0.041144 0.042291 0.043427 0.044554

394.96 402.97 412.00 420.97 429.96 438.99 448.10 457.30 466.60 476.02 485.55 495.21 504.99 514.91 524.96 535.14

415.46 424.59 434.84 444.95 455.03 465.12 475.25 485.45 495.74 506.12 516.60 527.20 537.91 548.74 559.7 570.78

1.7140 1.7436 1.7758 1.8067 1.8365 1.8654 1.8937 1.9214 1.9486 1.9754 2.0017 2.0277 2.0533 2.0786 2.1036 2.1283

Table A.3N

P ⫽ 0.90 MPa (Tsat ⫽ 35.526⬚C)

T, ⬚C

v, m3/kg

u, kJ/kg

h, kJ/kg

s, kJ/kg ⴢ K

Sat. 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180

0.022687 0.023375 0.024810 0.026146 0.027414 0.028630 0.029807 0.030951 0.032069 0.033164 0.034241 0.035302 0.036349 0.037384 0.038408 0.039423

397.01 401.28 410.59 419.75 428.87 438.01 447.21 456.48 465.85 475.32 484.91 494.61 504.43 514.38 524.46 534.67

417.43 422.32 432.92 443.28 453.54 463.78 474.03 484.34 494.71 505.17 515.72 526.38 537.14 548.02 559.02 570.15

1.7126 1.7283 1.7616 1.7932 1.8236 1.8530 1.8816 1.9096 1.9370 1.9640 1.9905 2.0166 2.0423 2.0678 2.0929 2.1177

Table A.3O

P ⫽ 1.00 MPa (Tsat ⫽ 39.388⬚C)

T, ⬚C

v, m3/kg

u, kJ/kg

h, kJ/kg

s, kJ/kg ⴢK

Sat. 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180

0.020316 0.020407 0.021796 0.023068 0.024262 0.025399 0.026493 0.027552 0.028584 0.029593 0.030582 0.031554 0.032512 0.033458 0.034392 0.035318

398.85 399.45 409.09 418.46 427.74 437.00 446.30 455.65 465.09 474.62 484.25 494.00 503.86 513.84 523.95 534.19

419.16 419.86 430.88 441.53 452.00 462.40 472.79 483.21 493.67 504.21 514.83 525.55 536.37 547.30 558.35 569.51

1.7113 1.7135 1.7482 1.7806 1.8116 1.8414 1.8705 1.8988 1.9264 1.9536 1.9803 2.0065 2.0324 2.0579 2.0831 2.1080

11

12

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table A.3P

P ⫽ 1.20 MPa (Tsat ⫽ 46.315⬚C)

T, ⬚C

v, m3/kg

u, kJ/kg

h, kJ/kg

s, kJ/kg ⴢ K

Sat. 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180

0.016718 0.017201 0.018404 0.019502 0.020530 0.021506 0.022443 0.023348 0.024228 0.025087 0.025928 0.026753 0.027566 0.028367 0.029159

401.98 405.77 415.70 425.36 434.90 444.41 453.94 463.53 473.18 482.92 492.76 502.70 512.76 522.93 533.23

422.04 426.41 437.79 448.76 459.53 470.22 480.87 491.54 502.25 513.03 523.87 534.81 545.84 556.97 568.22

1.7087 1.7223 1.7570 1.7895 1.8204 1.8502 1.8792 1.9074 1.9350 1.9621 1.9886 2.0148 2.0405 2.0660 2.0911

Table A.3Q

P ⫽ 1.40 MPa (Tsat ⫽ 52.422⬚C)

T, ⬚C

v, m3/kg

u, kJ/kg

h, kJ/kg

Sat. 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180

0.014110 0.015005 0.016060 0.017023 0.017923 0.018778 0.019597 0.020388 0.021156 0.021904 0.022636 0.023355 0.024061 0.024758

404.54 412.61 422.77 432.65 442.42 452.16 461.90 471.70 481.55 491.49 501.52 511.65 521.89 532.25

424.30 433.62 445.25 456.48 467.52 478.45 489.34 500.24 511.17 522.16 533.21 544.35 555.58 566.91

Table A.3R

s, kJ/kg ⴢ K 1.7062 1.7345 1.7689 1.8012 1.8320 1.8617 1.8905 1.9186 1.9460 1.9730 1.9994 2.0254 2.0510 2.0763

P ⫽ 1.60 MPa (Tsat ⫽ 57.906⬚C)

T, ⬚C

v, m3/kg

u, kJ/kg

h, kJ/kg

Sat. 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180

0.012126 0.012373 0.013430 0.014362 0.015216 0.016015 0.016773 0.017500 0.018201 0.018882 0.019546 0.020194 0.020830 0.021456

406.64 409.04 419.91 430.24 440.32 450.29 460.22 470.16 480.15 490.19 500.32 510.53 520.84 531.26

426.04 428.84 441.40 453.22 464.66 475.91 487.06 498.16 509.27 520.40 531.59 542.84 554.17 565.59

s, kJ/kg ⴢK 1.7036 1.7120 1.7491 1.7831 1.8150 1.8456 1.8751 1.9037 1.9316 1.9589 1.9856 2.0119 2.0378 2.0632

Appendix B Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

Tables B.1–B.13 Present values for cp(T ), h⬚(T ) ⫺ h⬚f,ref, h⬚f (T ), s ⬚(T ), and ¢g f⬚ (T ) at standard reference state (T ⫽ 298.15 K, P ⫽ 1 atm) for various species of the C–H–O–N system (with ideal-gas values for gaseous species). Note that enthalpy of formation and Gibbs function of formation for compounds are calculated from the elements as follows: h ⬚f, i (T ) ⫽ h ⬚i (T ) ⫺

a v⬘j h ⬚j (T ),

j elements

g ⬚f, i(T ) ⫽ g ⬚i (T ) ⫺

a v⬘j g ⬚j (T )

j elements

⫽ h ⬚f, i (T ) ⫺ T s ⬚i (T ) ⫺

a v⬘j 关⫺T s ⬚j (T )兴.

j elements

Sources: Tables B.1–B.12 are from Key, R. J., Rupley, F. M., and Miller, J. A., “The Chemkin Thermodynamic Data Base,” Sandia Report, SAND87-8215B, March 1991. Table B.13 is from Myers, G. E., Engineering Thermodynamics, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1989. Table B.14 is from Key, R. J., et al., ibid.

page 13

14

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table B.1 CO (Molecular Weight ⫽ 28.010, Enthalpy of Formation at 298 K ⫽ ⫺110,541 kJ/kmol) T (K) 200 298 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 2800 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 3600 3700 3800 3900 4000 4100 4200 4300 4400 4500 4600 4700 4800 4900 5000

cp (kJ/kmol ⭈K) 28.687 29.072 29.078 29.433 29.857 30.407 31.089 31.860 32.629 33.255 33.725 34.148 34.530 34.872 35.178 35.451 35.694 35.910 36.101 36.271 36.421 36.553 36.670 36.774 36.867 36.950 37.025 37.093 37.155 37.213 37.268 37.321 37.372 37.422 37.471 37.521 37.570 37.619 37.667 37.716 37.764 37.810 37.855 37.897 37.936 37.970 37.998 38.019 38.031 38.033

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (kJ/kmol) ⫺2835 0 54 2979 5943 8955 12,029 15,176 18,401 21,697 25,046 28,440 31,874 35,345 38,847 42,379 45,937 49,517 53,118 56,737 60,371 64,020 67,682 71,354 75,036 78,727 82,426 86,132 89,844 93,562 97,287 101,016 104,751 108,490 112,235 115,985 119,739 123,499 127,263 131,032 134,806 138,585 142,368 146,156 149,948 153,743 157,541 161,342 165,145 168,948

hⴗf (T ) (kJ/kmol) ⫺111,308 ⫺110,541 ⫺110,530 ⫺110,121 ⫺110,017 ⫺110,156 ⫺110,477 ⫺110,924 ⫺111,450 ⫺112,022 ⫺112,619 ⫺113,240 ⫺113,881 ⫺114,543 ⫺115,225 ⫺115,925 ⫺116,644 ⫺117,380 ⫺118,132 ⫺118,902 ⫺119,687 ⫺120,488 ⫺121,305 ⫺122,137 ⫺122,984 ⫺123,847 ⫺124,724 ⫺125,616 ⫺126,523 ⫺127,446 ⫺128,383 ⫺129,335 ⫺130,303 ⫺131,285 ⫺132,283 ⫺133,295 ⫺134,323 ⫺135,366 ⫺136,424 ⫺137,497 ⫺138,585 ⫺139,687 ⫺140,804 ⫺141,935 ⫺143,079 ⫺144,236 ⫺145,407 ⫺146,589 ⫺147,783 ⫺148,987

s ⴗ( T ) (kJ/kmol ⭈ K)

¢gfⴗ( T ) (kJ/kmol)

186.018 197.548 197.728 206.141 212.752 218.242 222.979 227.180 230.978 234.450 237.642 240.595 243.344 245.915 248.332 250.611 252.768 254.814 256.761 258.617 260.391 262.088 263.715 265.278 266.781 268.229 269.625 270.973 272.275 273.536 274.757 275.941 277.090 278.207 279.292 280.349 281.377 282.380 283.358 284.312 285.244 286.154 287.045 287.915 288.768 289.602 290.419 291.219 292.003 292.771

⫺128,532 ⫺137,163 ⫺137,328 ⫺146,332 ⫺155,403 ⫺164,470 ⫺173,499 ⫺182,473 ⫺191,386 ⫺200,238 ⫺209,030 ⫺217,768 ⫺226,453 ⫺235,087 ⫺243,674 ⫺252,214 ⫺260,711 ⫺269,164 ⫺277,576 ⫺285948 ⫺294,281 ⫺302,576 ⫺310,835 ⫺319,057 ⫺327,245 ⫺335,399 ⫺343,519 ⫺351,606 ⫺359,661 ⫺367,684 ⫺375,677 ⫺383,639 ⫺391,571 ⫺399,474 ⫺407,347 ⫺415,192 ⫺423,008 ⫺430,796 ⫺438,557 ⫺446,291 ⫺453,997 ⫺461,677 ⫺469,330 ⫺476,957 ⫺484,558 ⫺492,134 ⫺499,684 ⫺507,210 ⫺514,710 ⫺522,186

Appendix B

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

Table B.2 CO2 (Molecular Weight ⫽ 44.011, Enthalpy of Formation at 298 K ⫽ ⴚ393,546 kJ/kmol) T (K)

cp (kJ/kmol⭈K)

200 298 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 2800 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 3600 3700 3800 3900 4000 4100 4200 4300 4400 4500 4600 4700 4800 4900 5000

32.387 37.198 37.280 41.276 44.569 47.313 49.617 51.550 53.136 54.360 55.333 56.205 56.984 57.677 58.292 58.836 59.316 59.738 60.108 60.433 60.717 60.966 61.185 61.378 61.548 61.701 61.839 61.965 62.083 62.194 62.301 62.406 62.510 62.614 62.718 62.825 62.932 63.041 63.151 63.261 63.369 63.474 63.575 63.669 63.753 63.825 63.881 63.918 63.932 63.919

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (kJ/kmol) ⫺3423 0 69 4003 8301 12,899 17,749 22,810 28,047 33,425 38,911 44,488 50,149 55,882 61,681 67,538 73,446 79,399 85,392 91,420 97,477 103,562 109,670 115,798 121,944 128,107 134,284 140,474 146,677 152,891 159,116 165,351 171,597 177,853 184,120 190,397 196,685 202,983 209,293 215,613 221,945 228,287 234,640 241,002 247,373 253,752 260,138 266,528 272,920 279,313

hⴗf (T ) (kJ/kmol)

s ⴗ( T ) (kJ/kmol ⭈K)

¢gfⴗ( T ) (kJ/kmol)

⫺393,483 ⫺393,546 ⫺393,547 ⫺393,617 ⫺393,712 ⫺393,844 ⫺394,013 ⫺394,213 ⫺394433 ⫺394,659 ⫺394,875 ⫺395,083 ⫺395,287 ⫺395,88 ⫺395,691 ⫺395,897 ⫺396,110 ⫺396,332 ⫺396,564 ⫺396,808 ⫺397,065 ⫺397,338 ⫺397,626 ⫺397,931 ⫺398,253 ⫺398,594 ⫺398,952 ⫺399,329 ⫺399,725 ⫺400,140 ⫺400,573 ⫺401,025 ⫺401,495 ⫺401,983 ⫺402,489 ⫺403,013 ⫺403,553 ⫺404,110 ⫺404,684 ⫺405,273 ⫺405,878 ⫺406,499 ⫺407,135 ⫺407,785 ⫺408,451 ⫺409,132 ⫺409,828 ⫺410,539 ⫺411,267 ⫺412,010

199.876 213.736 213.966 225.257 234.833 243.209 250.680 257.436 263.603 269.268 274.495 279.348 283.878 288.127 292.128 295.908 299.489 302.892 306.132 309.223 312.179 315.009 317.724 320.333 322.842 325.259 327.590 329.841 332.018 334.124 336.165 338.145 340.067 341.935 343.751 345.519 347.242 348.922 350.561 352.161 353.725 355.253 356.748 358.210 359.642 361.044 362.417 363.763 365.081 366.372

⫺394,126 ⫺394,428 ⫺394,433 ⫺394,718 ⫺394,983 ⫺395,226 ⫺395,443 ⫺395,635 ⫺395,799 ⫺395,939 ⫺396,056 ⫺396,155 ⫺396,236 ⫺396,301 ⫺396,352 ⫺396,389 ⫺396,414 ⫺396,425 ⫺396,424 ⫺396,410 ⫺396,384 ⫺396,346 ⫺396,294 ⫺396,230 ⫺396,152 ⫺396,061 ⫺395,957 ⫺395,840 ⫺395,708 ⫺395,562 ⫺395,403 ⫺395,229 ⫺395,041 ⫺394,838 ⫺394,620 ⫺394,388 ⫺394,141 ⫺393,879 ⫺393,602 ⫺393,311 ⫺393,004 ⫺392,683 ⫺392,346 ⫺391,995 ⫺391,629 ⫺391,247 ⫺390,851 ⫺390,440 ⫺390,014 ⫺389,572

15

16

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table B.3 H2 (Molecular Weight ⫽ 2.016, Enthalpy of Formation at 298 K ⫽ 0 kJ/kmol) T (K)

cp (kJ/kmol ⭈K)

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (kJ/kmol)

hⴗf (T ) (kJ/kmol)

s ⴗ( T ) (kJ/kmol ⭈K)

¢gfⴗ( T ) (kJ/kmol)

200 298 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 2800 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 3600 3700 3800 3900 4000 4100 4200 4300 4400 4500 4600 4700 4800 4900 5000

28.522 28.871 28.877 29.120 29.275 29.375 29.461 29.581 29.792 30.160 30.625 31.077 31.516 31.943 32.356 32.758 33.146 33.522 33.885 34.236 34.575 34.901 35.216 35.519 35.811 36.091 36.361 36.621 36.871 37.112 37.343 37.566 37.781 37.989 38.190 38.385 38.574 38.759 38.939 39.116 39.291 39.464 39.636 39.808 39.981 40.156 40.334 40.516 40.702 40.895

⫺2818 0 53 2954 5874 8807 11,749 14,701 17,668 20,664 23,704 26,789 29,919 33,092 36,307 39,562 42,858 46,191 49,562 52,968 56,408 59,882 63,388 66,925 70,492 74,087 77,710 81,359 85,033 88,733 92,455 96,201 99,968 103,757 107,566 111,395 115,243 119,109 122,994 126,897 130,817 134,755 138,710 142,682 146,672 150,679 154,703 158,746 162,806 166,886

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

119.137 130.595 130.773 139.116 145.632 150.979 155.514 159.455 162.950 166.106 169.003 171.687 174.192 176.543 178.761 180.862 182.860 184.765 186.587 188.334 190.013 191.629 193.187 194.692 196.148 197.558 198.926 200.253 201.542 202.796 204.017 205.206 206.365 207.496 208.600 209.679 210.733 211.764 212.774 213.762 214.730 215.679 216.609 217.522 218.419 219.300 220.165 221.016 221.853 222.678

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Appendix B

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

Table B.4 H (Molecular Weight ⫽ 1.008, Enthalpy of Formation at 298 K ⫽ 217,979 kJ/kmol) T (K)

cp (kJ/kmol ⭈K)

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (kJ/kmol)

hⴗf (T ) (kJ/kmol)

s ⴗ( T ) (kJ/kmol ⭈K)

¢gfⴗ( T ) (kJ/kmol)

200 298 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 2800 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 3600 3700 3800 3900 4000 4100 4200 4300 4400 4500 4600 4700 4800 4900 5000

20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786

⫺2040 0 38 2117 4196 6274 8353 10,431 12,510 14,589 16,667 18,746 20,824 22,903 24,982 27,060 29,139 31,217 33,296 35,375 37,453 39,532 41,610 43,689 45,768 47,846 49,925 52,003 54,082 56,161 58,239 60,318 62,396 64,475 66,554 68,632 70,711 72,789 74,868 76,947 79,025 81,104 83,182 85,261 87,340 89,418 91,497 93,575 95,654 97,733

217,346 217,977 217,989 218,617 219,236 219,848 220,456 221,059 221,653 222,234 222,793 223,329 223,843 224,335 224,806 225,256 225,687 226,099 226,493 226,868 227,226 227,568 227,894 228,204 228,499 228,780 229,047 229,301 229,543 229,772 229,989 230,195 230,390 230,574 230,748 230,912 231,067 231,212 231,348 231,475 231,594 231,704 231,805 231,897 231,981 232,056 232,123 232,180 232,228 232,267

106.305 114.605 114.733 120.713 125.351 129.141 132.345 135.121 137.569 139.759 141.740 143.549 145.213 146.753 148.187 149.528 150.789 151.977 153.101 154.167 155.181 156.148 157.072 157.956 158.805 159.620 160.405 161.161 161.890 162.595 163.276 163.936 164.576 165.196 165.799 166.384 166.954 167.508 168.048 168.575 169.088 169.589 170.078 170.556 171.023 171.480 171.927 172.364 172.793 173.213

207,999 203,276 203,185 198,155 192,968 187,657 182,244 176,744 171,169 165,528 159,830 154,082 148,291 142,461 136,596 130,700 124,777 118,830 112,859 106,869 100,860 94,834 88,794 82,739 76,672 70,593 64,504 58,405 52,298 46,182 40,058 33,928 27,792 21,650 15,502 9350 3194 ⫺2967 ⫺9132 ⫺15,299 ⫺21,470 ⫺27,644 ⫺33,820 ⫺39,998 ⫺46,179 ⫺52,361 ⫺58,545 ⫺64,730 ⫺70,916 ⫺77,103

17

18

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table B.5 OH (Molecular Weight ⫽ 17.007, Enthalpy of Formation at 298 K ⫽ 38,986 kJ/kmol) T (K) 200 298 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 2800 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 3600 3700 3800 3900 4000 4100 4200 4300 4400 4500 4600 4700 4800 4900 5000

cp (kJ/kmol⭈K) 30.140 29.932 29.928 29.718 29.570 29.527 29.615 29.844 30.208 30.682 31.186 31.662 32.114 32.540 32.943 33.323 33.682 34.019 34.337 34.635 34.915 35.178 35.425 35.656 35.872 36.074 36.263 36.439 36.604 36.759 36.903 37.039 37.166 37.285 37.398 37.504 37.605 37.701 37.793 37.882 37.968 38.052 38.135 38.217 38.300 38.382 38.466 38.552 38.640 38.732

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (kJ/kmol) ⫺2948 0 55 3037 6001 8955 11,911 14,883 17,884 20,928 24,022 27,164 30,353 33,586 36,860 40,174 43,524 46,910 50,328 53,776 57,254 60,759 64,289 67,843 71,420 75,017 78,634 82,269 85,922 89,590 93,273 96,970 100,681 104,403 108,137 111,882 115,638 119,403 123,178 126,962 130,754 134,555 138,365 142,182 146,008 149,842 153,685 157,536 161,395 165,264

hⴗf (T ) (kJ/kmol)

s ⴗ( T ) (kJ/kmol⭈K)

38,864 38,985 38,987 39,030 39,000 38,909 38,770 38,599 38,410 38,220 38,039 37,867 37,704 37,548 37,397 37,252 37,109 36,969 36,831 36,693 36,555 36,416 36,276 36,133 35,986 35,836 35,682 35,524 35,360 35,191 35,016 34,835 34,648 34,454 34,253 34,046 33,831 33,610 33,381 33,146 32,903 32,654 32,397 32,134 31,864 31,588 31,305 31,017 30,722 30,422

171.607 183.604 183.789 192.369 198.983 204.369 208.925 212.893 216.428 219.635 222.583 225.317 227.869 230.265 232.524 234.662 236.693 238.628 240.476 242.245 243.942 245.572 247.141 248.654 250.114 251.525 252.890 254.212 255.493 256.737 257.945 259.118 260.260 261.371 262.454 263.509 264.538 265.542 266.522 267.480 268.417 269.333 270.229 271.107 271.967 272.809 273.636 274.446 275.242 276.024

¢g fⴗ( T ) (kJ/kmol) 35,808 34,279 34,250 32,662 31,072 29,494 27,935 26,399 24,885 23,392 21,918 20,460 19,017 17,585 16,164 14,753 13,352 11,958 10,573 9194 7823 6458 5099 3746 2400 1060 ⫺275 ⫺1604 ⫺2927 ⫺4245 ⫺5556 ⫺6862 ⫺8162 ⫺9457 ⫺10,745 ⫺12,028 ⫺13,305 ⫺14,576 ⫺15,841 ⫺17,100 ⫺18,353 ⫺19,600 ⫺20,841 ⫺22,076 ⫺23,306 ⫺24,528 ⫺25,745 ⫺26,956 ⫺28,161 ⫺29,360

Appendix B

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

19

Table B.6 H2O (Molecular Weight ⫽ 18.016, Enthalpy of Formation at 298 K ⫽ ⫺241,845 kJ/kmol, Enthalpy of Vaporization ⫽ 44,010 kJ/kmol) T (K) 200 298 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 2800 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 3600 3700 3800 3900 4000 4100 4200 4300 4400 4500 4600 4700 4800 4900 5000

cp (kJ/kmol⭈K)

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (kJ/kmol)

hⴗf (T ) (kJ/kmol)

s ⴗ( T ) (kJ/kmol ⭈K)

¢gfⴗ( T ) (kJ/kmol)

32.255 33.448 33.468 34.437 35.337 36.288 37.364 38.587 39.930 41.315 42.638 43.874 45.027 46.102 47.103 48.035 48.901 49.705 50.451 51.143 51.784 52.378 52.927 53.435 53.905 54.340 54.742 55.115 55.459 55.779 56.076 56.353 56.610 56.851 57.076 57.288 57.488 57.676 57.856 58.026 58.190 58.346 58.496 58.641 58.781 58.916 59.047 59.173 59.295 59.412

⫺3227 0 62 3458 6947 10,528 14,209 18,005 21,930 25,993 30,191 34,518 38,963 43,520 48,181 52,939 57,786 62,717 67,725 72,805 77,952 83,160 88,426 93,744 99,112 104,524 109,979 115,472 121,001 126,563 132,156 137,777 143,426 149,099 154,795 160,514 166,252 172,011 177,787 183,582 189,392 195,219 201,061 206,918 212,790 218,674 224,573 230,484 236,407 242,343

⫺240,838 ⫺241,847 ⫺241,865 ⫺242,858 ⫺243,822 ⫺244,753 ⫺245,638 ⫺246,461 ⫺247,209 ⫺247,879 ⫺248,475 ⫺249,005 ⫺249,477 ⫺249,895 ⫺250,267 ⫺250,597 ⫺250,890 ⫺251,151 ⫺251,384 ⫺251,594 ⫺251,783 ⫺251,955 ⫺252,113 ⫺252,261 ⫺252,399 ⫺252,532 ⫺252,659 ⫺252,785 ⫺252,909 ⫺253,034 ⫺253,161 ⫺253,290 ⫺253,423 ⫺253,561 ⫺253,704 ⫺253,852 ⫺254,007 ⫺254,169 ⫺254,338 ⫺254,515 ⫺254,699 ⫺254,892 ⫺255,093 ⫺255,303 ⫺255,522 ⫺255,751 ⫺255,990 ⫺256,239 ⫺256,501 ⫺256,774

175.602 188.715 188.922 198.686 206.467 212.992 218.665 223.733 228.354 232.633 236.634 240.397 243.955 247.332 250.547 253.617 256.556 259.374 262.081 264.687 267.198 269.621 271.961 274.225 276.416 278.539 280.597 282.595 284.535 286.420 288.254 290.039 291.777 293.471 295.122 296.733 298.305 299.841 301.341 302.808 304.243 305.647 307.022 308.368 309.688 310.981 312.250 313.494 314.716 315.915

⫺232,779 ⫺228,608 ⫺228,526 ⫺223,929 ⫺219,085 ⫺214,049 ⫺208,861 ⫺203,550 ⫺198,141 ⫺192,652 ⫺187,100 ⫺181,497 ⫺175,852 ⫺170,172 ⫺164,464 ⫺158,733 ⫺152,983 ⫺147,216 ⫺141,435 ⫺135,643 ⫺129,841 ⫺124,030 ⫺118,211 ⫺112,386 ⫺106,555 ⫺100,719 ⫺94,878 ⫺89,031 ⫺83,181 ⫺77,326 ⫺71,467 ⫺65,604 ⫺59,737 ⫺53,865 ⫺47,990 ⫺42,110 ⫺36,226 ⫺30,338 ⫺24,446 ⫺18,549 ⫺12,648 ⫺6742 ⫺831 5085 11,005 16,930 22,861 28,796 34,737 40,684

20

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table B.7 N2 (Molecular Weight ⫽ 28.013, Enthalpy of Formation at 298 K ⫽ 0 kJ/kmol) T (K)

cp (kJ/kmol⭈K)

200 298 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 2800 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 3600 3700 3800 3900 4000 4100 4200 4300 4400 4500 4600 4700 4800 4900 5000

28.793 29.071 29.075 29.319 29.636 30.086 30.684 31.394 32.131 32.762 33.258 33.707 34.113 34.477 34.805 35.099 35.361 35.595 35.803 35.988 36.152 36.298 36.428 36.543 36.645 36.737 36.820 36.895 36.964 37.028 37.088 37.144 37.198 37.251 37.302 37.352 37.402 37.452 37.501 37.549 37.597 37.643 37.688 37.730 37.768 37.803 37.832 37.854 37.868 37.873

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (kJ/kmol) ⫺2841 0 54 2973 5920 8905 11,942 15,046 18,222 21,468 24,770 28,118 31,510 34,939 38,404 41,899 45,423 48,971 52,541 56,130 59,738 63,360 66,997 70,645 74,305 77,974 81,652 85,338 89,031 92,730 96,436 100,148 103,865 107,587 111,315 115,048 118,786 122,528 126,276 130,028 133,786 137,548 141,314 145,085 148,860 152,639 156,420 160,205 163,991 167,778

hⴗf (T ) (kJ/kmol)

s ⴗ( T ) (kJ/kmol⭈K)

¢gfⴗ( T ) (kJ/kmol)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

179.959 191.511 191.691 200.088 206.662 212.103 216.784 220.927 224.667 228.087 231.233 234.146 236.861 239.402 241.792 244.048 246.184 248.212 250.142 251.983 253.743 255.429 257.045 258.598 260.092 261.531 262.919 264.259 265.555 266.810 268.025 269.203 270.347 271.458 272.539 273.590 274.614 275.612 276.586 277.536 278.464 279.370 280.257 281.123 281.972 282.802 283.616 284.412 285.193 285.958

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Appendix B

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

Table B.8 N (Molecular Weight ⫽ 14.007, Enthalpy of Formation at 298 K ⫽ 472,629 kJ/kmol) T (K)

cp (kJ/kmol⭈K)

200 298 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 2800 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 3600 3700 3800 3900 4000 4100 4200 4300 4400 4500 4600 4700 4800 4900 5000

20.790 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.786 20.792 20.795 20.795 20.793 20.790 20.786 20.782 20.779 20.777 20.776 20.778 20.783 20.791 20.802 20.818 20.838 20.864 20.895 20.931 20.974 21.024 21.080 21.143 21.214 21.292 21.378 21.472 21.575 21.686 21.805 21.934 22.071 22.217 22.372 22.536 22.709 22.891 23.082 23.282 23.491

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (kJ/kmol) ⫺2040 0 38 2117 4196 6274 8353 10,431 12,510 14,589 16,668 18,747 20,826 22,906 24,985 27,064 29,142 31,220 33,298 35,376 37,453 39,531 41,610 43,690 45,771 47,853 49,938 52,026 54,118 56,213 58,313 60,418 62,529 64,647 66,772 68,905 71,048 73,200 75,363 77,537 79,724 81,924 84,139 86,368 88,613 90,875 93,155 95,454 97,772 100,111

hⴗf (T ) (kJ/kmol)

s ⴗ( T ) (kJ/kmol ⭈K)

¢gfⴗ( T ) (kJ/kmol)

472,008 472,628 472,640 473,258 473,864 474,450 475,010 475,537 476,027 476,483 476,911 477,316 477,700 478,064 478,411 478,742 479,059 479,363 479,656 479,939 480,213 480,479 480,740 480,995 481,246 481,494 481,740 481,985 482,230 482,476 482,723 482,972 483,224 483,481 483,742 484,009 484,283 484,564 484,853 485,151 485,459 485,779 486,110 486,453 486,811 487,184 487,573 487,979 488,405 488,850

144.889 153.189 153.317 159.297 163.935 167.725 170.929 173.705 176.153 178.343 180.325 182.134 183.798 185.339 186.774 188.115 189.375 190.563 191.687 192.752 193.766 194.733 195.657 196.542 197.391 198.208 198.995 199.754 200.488 201.199 201.887 202.555 203.205 203.837 204.453 205.054 205.641 206.215 206.777 207.328 207.868 208.398 208.919 209.431 209.936 210.433 210.923 211.407 211.885 212.358

461,026 455,504 455,398 449,557 443,562 437,446 431,234 424,944 418,590 412,183 405,732 399,243 392,721 386,171 379,595 372,996 366,377 359,740 353,086 346,417 339,735 333,039 326,331 319,612 312,883 306,143 299,394 292,636 285,870 279,094 272,311 265,519 258,720 251,913 245,099 238,276 231,447 224,610 217,765 210,913 204,053 197,186 190,310 183,427 176,536 169,637 162,730 155,814 148,890 141,956

21

22

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table B.9 NO (Molecular Weight ⫽ 30.006, Enthalpy of Formation at 298 K ⫽ 90,297 kJ/kmol) T (K) 200 298 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 2800 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 3600 3700 3800 3900 4000 4100 4200 4300 4400 4500 4600 4700 4800 4900 5000

cp (kJ/kmol⭈K) 29.374 29.728 29.735 30.103 30.570 31.174 31.908 32.715 33.489 34.076 34.483 34.850 35.180 35.474 35.737 35.972 36.180 36.364 36.527 36.671 36.797 36.909 37.008 37.095 37.173 37.242 37.305 37.362 37.415 37.464 37.511 37.556 37.600 37.643 37.686 37.729 37.771 37.815 37.858 37.900 37.943 37.984 38.023 38.060 38.093 38.122 38.146 38.162 38.171 38.170

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (kJ/kmol) ⫺2901 0 55 3046 6079 9165 12,318 15,549 18,860 22,241 25,669 29,136 32,638 36,171 39,732 43,317 46,925 50,552 54,197 57,857 61,531 65,216 68,912 72,617 76,331 80,052 83,779 87,513 91,251 94,995 98,744 102,498 106,255 110,018 113,784 117,555 121,330 125,109 128,893 132,680 136,473 140,269 144,069 147,873 151,681 155,492 159,305 163,121 166,938 170,755

hⴗf (T ) (kJ/kmol)

s ⴗ( T ) (kJ/kmol ⭈K)

¢gfⴗ( T ) (kJ/kmol)

90,234 90,297 90,298 90,341 90,367 90,382 90,393 90,405 90,421 90,443 90,465 90,486 90,505 90,520 90,532 90,538 90,539 90,534 90,523 90,505 90,479 90,447 90,406 90,358 90,303 90,239 90,168 90,089 90,003 89,909 89,809 89,701 89,586 89,465 89,337 89,203 89,063 88,918 88,767 88,611 88,449 88,283 88,112 87,936 87,755 87,569 87,379 87,184 86,984 86,779

198.856 210.652 210.836 219.439 226.204 231.829 236.688 241.001 244.900 248.462 251.729 254.745 257.548 260.166 262.623 264.937 267.124 269.197 271.168 273.045 274.838 276.552 278.195 279.772 281.288 282.747 284.154 285.512 286.824 288.093 289.322 290.514 291.670 292.793 293.885 294.947 295.981 296.989 297.972 298.931 299.867 300.782 301.677 302.551 303.407 304.244 305.064 305.868 306.655 307.426

87,811 86,607 86,584 85,340 84,086 82,828 81,568 80,307 79,043 77,778 76,510 75,241 73,970 72,697 71,423 70,149 68,875 67,601 66,327 65,054 63,782 62,511 61,243 59,976 58,711 57,448 56,188 54,931 53,677 52,426 51,178 49,934 48,693 47,456 46,222 44,992 43,766 42,543 41,325 40,110 38,900 37,693 36,491 35,292 34,098 32,908 31,721 30,539 29,361 28,187

Appendix B

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

Table B.10 NO2 (Molecular Weight ⫽ 46.006, Enthalpy of Formation at 298 K ⫽ 33,098 kJ/kmol) T (K) 200 298 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 2800 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 3600 3700 3800 3900 4000 4100 4200 4300 4400 4500 4600 4700 4800 4900 5000

cp (kJ/kmol⭈K) 32.936 36.881 36.949 40.331 43.227 45.737 47.913 49.762 51.243 52.271 52.989 53.625 54.186 54.679 55.109 55.483 55.805 56.082 56.318 56.517 56.685 56.826 56.943 57.040 57.121 57.188 57.244 57.291 57.333 57.371 57.406 57.440 57.474 57.509 57.546 57.584 57.624 57.665 57.708 57.750 57.792 57.831 57.866 57.895 57.915 57.925 57.922 57.902 57.862 57.798

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (kJ/kmol) ⫺3432 0 68 3937 8118 12,569 17,255 22,141 27,195 32,375 37,638 42,970 48,361 53,805 59,295 64,825 70,390 75,984 81,605 87,247 92,907 98,583 104,271 109,971 115,679 121,394 127,116 132,843 138,574 144,309 150,048 155,791 161,536 167,285 173,038 178,795 184,555 190,319 196,088 201,861 207,638 213,419 219,204 224,992 230,783 236,575 242,367 248,159 253,947 259,730

hⴗf (T ) (kJ/kmol)

s ⴗ( T ) (kJ/kmol ⭈K)

¢gfⴗ( T ) (kJ/kmol)

33,961 33,098 33,085 32,521 32,173 31,974 31,885 31,880 31,938 32,035 32,146 32,267 32,392 32,519 32,643 32,762 32,873 32,973 33,061 33,134 33,192 33,233 33,256 33,262 33,248 33,216 33,165 33,095 33,007 32,900 32,776 32,634 32,476 32,302 32,113 31,908 31,689 31,456 31,210 30,951 30,678 30,393 30,095 29,783 29,457 29,117 28,761 28,389 27,998 27,586

226.016 239.925 240.153 251.259 260.578 268.686 275.904 282.427 288.377 293.834 298.850 303.489 307.804 311.838 315.625 319.194 322.568 325.765 328.804 331.698 334.460 337.100 339.629 342.054 344.384 346.626 348.785 350.868 352.879 354.824 356.705 358.529 360.297 362.013 363.680 365.302 366.880 368.418 369.916 371.378 372.804 374.197 375.559 376.889 378.190 379.464 380.709 381.929 383.122 384.290

45,453 51,291 51,403 57,602 63,916 70,285 76,679 83,079 89,476 95,864 102,242 108,609 114,966 121,313 127,651 133,981 140,303 146,620 152,931 159,238 165,542 171,843 178,143 184,442 190,742 197,042 203,344 209,648 215,955 222,265 228,579 234,898 241,221 247,549 253,883 260,222 266,567 272,918 279,276 285,639 292,010 298,387 304,772 311,163 317,562 323,968 330,381 336,803 343,232 349,670

23

24

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table B.11 O2 (Molecular Weight ⫽ 31.999, Enthalpy of Formation at 298 K ⫽ 0 kJ/kmol) T (K) 200 298 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 2800 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 3600 3700 3800 3900 4000 4100 4200 4300 4400 4500 4600 4700 4800 4900 5000

cp (kJ/kmol⭈K) 28.473 29.315 29.331 30.210 31.114 32.030 32.927 33.757 34.454 34.936 35.270 35.593 35.903 36.202 36.490 36.768 37.036 37.296 37.546 37.788 38.023 38.250 38.470 38.684 38.891 39.093 39.289 39.480 39.665 39.846 40.023 40.195 40.362 40.526 40.686 40.842 40.994 41.143 41.287 41.429 41.566 41.700 41.830 41.957 42.079 42.197 42.312 42.421 42.527 42.627

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (kJ/kmol) ⫺2836 0 54 3031 6097 9254 12,503 15,838 19,250 22,721 26,232 29,775 33,350 36,955 40,590 44,253 47,943 51,660 55,402 59,169 62,959 66,773 70,609 74,467 78,346 82,245 86,164 90,103 94,060 98,036 102,029 106,040 110,068 114,112 118,173 122,249 126,341 130,448 134,570 138,705 142,855 147,019 151,195 155,384 159,586 163,800 168,026 172,262 176,510 180,767

hⴗf (T ) (kJ/kmol)

s ⴗ( T ) (kJ/kmol ⭈K)

¢g fⴗ( T ) (kJ/kmol)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

193.518 205.043 205.224 213.782 220.620 226.374 231.379 235.831 239.849 243.507 246.852 249.935 252.796 255.468 257.976 260.339 262.577 264.701 266.724 268.656 270.506 272.280 273.985 275.627 277.210 278.739 280.218 281.651 283.039 284.387 285.697 286.970 288.209 289.417 290.594 291.742 292.863 293.959 295.029 296.076 297.101 298.104 299.087 300.050 300.994 301.921 302.829 303.721 304.597 305.457

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Appendix B

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

Table B.12 O (Molecular Weight ⫽ 16.000, Enthalpy of Formation at 298 K ⫽ 249,197 kJ/kmol) T (K) 200 298 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 2800 2900 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500 3600 3700 3800 3900 4000 4100 4200 4300 4400 4500 4600 4700 4800 4900 5000

cp (kJ/kmol⭈K) 22.477 21.899 21.890 21.500 21.256 21.113 21.033 20.986 20.952 20.915 20.898 20.882 20.867 20.854 20.843 20.834 20.827 20.822 20.820 20.819 20.821 20.825 20.831 20.840 20.851 20.865 20.881 20.899 20.920 20.944 20.970 20.998 21.028 21.061 21.095 21.132 21.171 21.212 21.254 21.299 21.345 21.392 21.441 21.490 21.541 21.593 21.646 21.699 21.752 21.805

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (kJ/kmol) ⫺2176 0 41 2209 4345 6463 8570 10,671 12,768 14,861 16,952 19,041 21,128 23,214 25,299 27,383 29,466 31,548 33,630 35,712 37,794 39,877 41,959 44,043 46,127 48,213 50,300 52,389 54,480 56,574 58,669 60,768 62,869 64,973 67,081 69,192 71,308 73,427 75,550 77,678 79,810 81,947 84,088 86,235 88,386 90,543 92,705 94,872 97,045 99,223

hⴗf (T ) (kJ/kmol)

s ⴗ( T ) (kJ/kmol ⭈K)

¢gfⴗ( T ) (kJ/kmol)

248,439 249,197 249,211 249,890 250,494 251,033 251,516 251,949 252,340 252,698 253,033 253,350 253,650 253,934 254,201 254,454 254,692 254,916 255,127 255,325 255,512 255,687 255,852 256,007 256,152 256,288 256,416 256,535 256,648 256,753 256,852 256,945 257,032 257,114 257,192 257,265 257,334 257,400 257,462 257,522 257,579 257,635 257,688 257,740 257,790 257,840 257,889 257,938 257,987 258,036

152.085 160.945 161.080 167.320 172.089 175.951 179.199 182.004 184.474 186.679 188.672 190.490 192.160 193.706 195.145 196.490 197.753 198.943 200.069 201.136 202.152 203.121 204.047 204.933 205.784 206.602 207.390 208.150 208.884 209.593 210.280 210.947 211.593 212.221 212.832 213.427 214.007 214.572 215.123 215.662 216.189 216.703 217.207 217.701 218.184 218.658 219.123 219.580 220.028 220.468

237,374 231,778 231,670 225,719 219,605 213,375 207,060 200,679 194,246 187,772 181,263 174,724 168,159 161,572 154,966 148,342 141,702 135,049 128,384 121,709 115,023 108,329 101,627 94,918 88,203 81,483 74,757 68,027 61,292 54,554 47,812 41,068 34,320 27,570 20,818 14,063 7307 548 ⫺6212 ⫺12,974 ⫺19,737 ⫺26,501 ⫺33,267 ⫺40,034 ⫺46,802 ⫺53,571 ⫺60,342 ⫺67,113 ⫺73,886 ⫺80,659

25

26

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table B.13 C(s) (Graphite, Molecular Weight = 12.011, Enthalpy of Formation at 298 K = 0 kJ/kmol) SI Values T (K)

cp (kJ/kmol·K)

166.6667 177.7778 188.8889 200 211.1111 222.2222 233.3333 244.4444 255.5556 266.6667 277.7778 288.8889 298.15 300 311.1111 322.2222 333.3333 344.4444 355.5556 366.6667 377.7778 388.8889 400 411.1111 422.2222 433.3333 444.4444 455.5556 466.6667 477.7778 488.8889 500 511.1111 522.2222 533.3333 544.4444 555.5556 566.6667 577.7778 588.8889 600 611.1111 622.2222 633.3333 644.4444 655.5556 666.6667 677.7778 688.8889

3.155 3.656 4.148 4.630 5.103 5.568 6.023 6.470 6.908 7.337 7.758 8.171 8.509 8.575 8.972 9.360 9.741 10.114 10.479 10.837 11.187 11.530 11.866 12.195 12.517 12.832 13.140 13.441 13.736 14.024 14.305 14.581 14.850 15.113 15.370 15.621 15.866 16.105 16.338 16.566 16.788 17.005 17.216 17.422 17.623 17.818 18.009 18.194 18.374

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hfⴗ (298) (kJ/kmol) ⫺780.255 ⫺742.406 ⫺699.042 ⫺650.268 ⫺596.184 ⫺536.892 ⫺472.491 ⫺403.079 ⫺328.753 ⫺249.609 ⫺165.739 ⫺77.239 0.000 15.803 113.294 215.146 321.271 431.583 545.996 664.426 786.790 913.006 1042.994 1176.674 1313.968 1454.798 1599.088 1746.762 1897.748 2051.972 2209.361 2369.845 2533.355 2699.820 2869.173 3041.347 3216.276 3393.895 3574.140 3756.947 3942.253 4129.999 4320.122 4512.563 4707.263 4904.164 5103.209 5304.341 5507.504

hⴗ (kJ/kmol) ⫺779.080 ⫺741.231 ⫺697.868 ⫺649.093 ⫺595.009 ⫺535.717 ⫺471.316 ⫺401.904 ⫺327.579 ⫺248.434 ⫺164.565 ⫺76.064 1.175 16.977 114.468 216.320 322.446 432.757 547.170 665.600 787.965 914.181 1044.169 1177.849 1315.142 1455.972 1600.262 1747.937 1898.923 2053.146 2210.536 2371.020 2534.529 2700.994 2870.348 3042.522 3217.451 3395.070 3575.314 3758.121 3943.428 4131.173 4321.296 4513.738 4708.438 4905.339 5104.384 5305.516 5508.679

sⴗ (kJ/kmol·K) 2.435 2.655 2.891 3.142 3.405 3.679 3.961 4.252 4.549 4.852 5.160 5.473 5.736 5.789 6.108 6.429 6.753 7.079 7.406 7.734 8.062 8.392 8.721 9.051 9.380 9.709 10.038 10.366 10.694 11.020 11.346 11.671 11.994 12.316 12.637 12.957 13.275 13.591 13.906 14.220 14.531 14.841 15.150 15.456 15.761 16.064 16.365 16.664 16.962

Appendix B

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

27

SI Values T (K)

cp (kJ/kmol·K)

700 711.1111 722.2222 733.333 744.444 755.5556 766.6667 777.7778 788.8889 800 811.111 822.222 833.333 844.444 855.5556 866.6667 877.7778 888.8889 900 911.111 922.222 933.333 944.444 955.5556 966.6667 977.7778 988.8889 1000 1011.111 1022.222 1033.333 1044.444 1055.556 1077.778 1100 1122.222 1144.444 1166.667 1188.889 1211.111 1233.333 1255.556 1277.778 1300 1322.222 1344.444 1366.667 1388.889 1411.111 1433.333

18.550 18.720 18.886 19.047 19.204 19.356 19.503 19.646 19.784 19.918 20.048 20.174 20.295 20.412 20.526 20.635 20.740 20.841 20.938 21.032 21.122 21.207 21.290 21.368 21.443 21.514 21.582 21.646 21.708 21.769 21.830 21.890 21.949 22.066 22.180 22.292 22.401 22.507 22.611 22.713 22.813 22.910 23.005 23.098 23.189 23.278 23.364 23.449 23.532 23.612

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hfⴗ (298) (kJ/kmol) 5712.644 5919.707 6128.637 6339.385 6551.896 6766.120 6982.006 7199.504 7418.565 7639.140 7861.181 8084.642 8309.474 8535.631 8763.069 8991.742 9221.605 9452.615 9684.727 9917.899 10152.088 10387.253 10623.352 10860.343 11098.185 11336.840 11576.266 11816.424 12057.282 12298.823 12541.043 12783.933 13027.485 13516.549 14008.178 14502.313 14998.898 15497.880 15999.204 16502.817 17008.668 17516.706 18026.881 18539.144 19053.448 19569.747 20087.994 20608.144 21130.154 21653.981

hⴗ (kJ/kmol) 5713.819 5920.881 6129.812 6340.559 6553.070 6767.294 6983.180 7200.678 7419.739 7640.315 7862.356 8085.816 8310.648 8536.806 8764.244 8992.917 9222.780 9453.789 9685.902 9919.074 10153.263 10388.428 10624.526 10861.517 11099.360 11338.014 11577.440 11817.598 12058.456 12299.998 12542.217 12785.107 13028.660 13517.724 14009.352 14503.487 15000.073 15499.055 16000.379 16503.992 17009.843 17517.880 18028.055 18540.319 19054.623 19570.921 20089.168 20609.319 21131.329 21655.156

sⴗ (kJ/kmol·K) 17.257 17.550 17.842 18.132 18.419 18.705 18.988 19.270 19.550 19.827 20.103 20.377 20.648 20.918 21.185 21.451 21.715 21.976 22.236 22.493 22.749 23.002 23.253 23.503 23.750 23.996 24.239 24.481 24.720 24.958 25.194 25.427 25.659 26.118 26.569 27.014 27.452 27.884 28.310 28.729 29.143 29.552 29.954 30.352 30.744 31.131 31.514 31.891 32.264 32.632 (continued)

28

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table B.13 (continued) SI Values T (K)

cp (kJ/kmol·K)

1455.556 1477.778 1500 1522.222 1544.444 1566.667 1588.889 1611.111 1633.333 1655.556 1677.778 1700 1722.222 1744.444 1766.667 1788.889 1811.111 1833.333 1855.556 1877.778 1900 1922.222 1944.444 1966.667 1988.889 2011.111 2033.333 2055.556 2077.778 2100 2122.222 2144.444 2166.667 2188.889 2211.111 2233.333 2255.556 2277.778 2300 2322.222 2344.444 2366.667 2388.889 2411.111 2433.333 2455.556 2477.778 2500 2522.222 2544.444 2566.667

23.691 23.769 23.844 23.917 23.989 24.060 24.128 24.195 24.261 24.325 24.387 24.448 24.508 24.566 24.623 24.679 24.734 24.787 24.839 24.890 24.939 24.988 25.036 25.082 25.128 25.173 25.216 25.259 25.301 25.342 25.383 25.422 25.461 25.499 25.536 25.573 25.609 25.644 25.679 25.713 25.747 25.780 25.813 25.845 25.876 25.908 25.939 25.969 25.999 26.029 26.058

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hfⴗ (298) (kJ/kmol) 22179.584 22706.920 23235.951 23766.636 24298.938 24832.819 25368.243 25905.174 26443.578 26983.420 27524.667 28067.288 28611.250 29156.523 29703.078 30250.884 30799.915 31350.143 31901.540 32454.081 33007.740 33562.494 34118.318 34675.189 35233.085 35791.984 36351.865 36912.708 37474.493 38037.202 38600.815 39165.315 39730.684 40296.907 40863.967 41431.850 42000.539 42570.022 43140.284 43711.312 44283.094 44855.618 45428.872 46002.846 46577.528 47152.909 47728.979 48305.730 48883.153 49461.239 50039.980

hⴗ (kJ/kmol) 22180.758 22708.095 23237.125 23767.811 24300.113 24833.994 25369.418 25906.349 26444.752 26984.594 27525.842 28068.462 28612.424 29157.698 29704.252 30252.059 30801.090 31351.317 31902.714 32455.255 33008.915 33563.669 34119.492 34676.364 35234.260 35793.159 36353.040 36913.883 37475.668 38038.376 38601.989 39166.489 39731.859 40298.082 40865.142 41433.024 42001.714 42571.196 43141.458 43712.487 44284.269 44856.793 45430.047 46004.020 46578.702 47154.084 47730.154 48306.905 48884.327 49462.413 50041.155

sⴗ (kJ/kmol·K) 32.996 33.356 33.711 34.062 34.410 34.753 35.092 35.428 35.760 36.088 36.413 36.734 37.052 37.366 37.678 37.986 38.291 38.593 38.892 39.188 39.481 39.771 40.059 40.343 40.626 40.905 41.182 41.456 41.728 41.997 42.264 42.529 42.791 43.051 43.309 43.565 43.818 44.069 44.318 44.565 44.811 45.054 45.295 45.534 45.771 46.006 46.240 46.472 46.702 46.930 47.156

Appendix B

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

29

SI Values T (K)

cp (kJ/kmol·K)

2588.889 2611.111 2633.333 2655.556 2677.778 2700 2722.222 2777.778 2833.333 2888.889 2944.444 3000 3055.556 3111.111 3166.667 3222.222 3277.778 3333.333 3388.889 3444.444 3500 3555.556 3611.111 3666.667 3722.222 3777.778 3833.333 3888.889 3944.444 4000 4055.556 4111.111 4166.667 4222.222 4277.778 4333.333 4388.889 4444.444 4500 4555.556 4611.111 4666.667 4722.222 4777.778 4833.333 4888.889 4944.444 5000

26.087 26.116 26.144 26.172 26.200 26.228 26.256 26.324 26.391 26.457 26.522 26.588 26.653 26.718 26.783 26.848 26.914 26.979 27.046 27.113 27.180 27.248 27.316 27.385 27.454 27.524 27.594 27.664 27.735 27.805 27.875 27.945 28.014 28.083 28.150 28.217 28.282 28.345 28.406 28.465 28.522 28.575 28.625 28.672 28.714 28.752 28.785 28.813

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hfⴗ (298) (kJ/kmol) 50619.371 51199.403 51780.071 52361.368 52943.289 53525.828 54108.981 55569.519 57033.803 58501.785 59973.428 61448.707 62927.604 64410.114 65896.235 67385.977 68879.352 70376.378 71877.079 73381.480 74889.607 76401.490 77917.158 79436.637 80959.954 82487.133 84018.191 85553.145 87092.002 88634.765 90181.429 91731.978 93286.390 94844.630 96406.652 97972.397 99541.793 101114.755 102691.179 104270.948 105853.926 107439.959 109028.873 110620.474 112214.547 113810.856 115409.139 117009.111

hⴗ (kJ/kmol) 50620.546 51200.578 51781.246 52362.543 52944.464 53527.003 54110.156 55570.694 57034.978 58502.960 59974.603 61449.881 62928.779 64411.288 65897.410 67387.151 68880.526 70377.553 71878.254 73382.654 74890.782 76402.665 77918.332 79437.812 80961.129 82488.307 84019.366 85554.319 87093.177 88635.940 90182.603 91733.153 93287.565 94845.805 96407.826 97973.571 99542.968 101115.929 102692.354 104272.123 105855.101 107441.133 109030.047 110621.648 112215.722 113812.030 115410.313 117010.286

sⴗ (kJ/kmol·K) 47.381 47.604 47.826 48.045 48.264 48.480 48.695 49.227 49.748 50.262 50.766 51.263 51.751 52.232 52.705 53.172 53.631 54.084 54.531 54.971 55.405 55.834 56.257 56.674 57.087 57.494 57.896 58.294 58.687 59.075 59.459 59.839 60.214 60.586 60.953 61.317 61.677 62.033 62.386 62.735 63.080 63.422 63.760 64.095 64.427 64.755 65.081 65.402

page 30

1000–5000 300–1000

1000–5000 300–1000

1000–5000 300–1000

1000–5000 300–1000

1000–5000 300–1000

1000–5000 300–1000

1000–5000 300–1000

1000–5000 300–1000

1000–5000 300–1000

1000–5000 300–1000

1000–5000 300–1000

1000–5000 300–1000

CO2

H2

H

OH

H2O

N2

N

NO

NO2

O2

O

T (K)

CO

Species

0.02542059E⫹02 0.02946428E⫹02

0.03697578E⫹02 0.03212936E⫹02

0.04682859E⫹02 0.02670600E⫹02

0.03245435E⫹02 0.03376541E⫹02

0.02450268E⫹02 0.02503071E⫹02

0.02926640E⫹02 0.03298677E⫹02

0.02672145E⫹02 0.03386842E⫹02

0.02882730E⫹02 0.03637266E⫹02

0.02500000E⫹02 0.02500000E⫹02

0.02991423E⫹02 0.03298124E⫹02

0.04453623E⫹02 0.02275724E⫹02

0.03025078E⫹02 0.03262451E⫹02

a1

0.10097038E⫺09 0.05641515E⫺07 0.01879652E⫺09 ⫺0.05647560E⫺09 0.09169283E⫺09 0.05217810E⫺07 0.01976902E⫺08 0.06161714E⫺07 0.01775281E⫺09 0.13138773E⫺08

⫺0.05684760E⫺05 ⫺0.03963222E⫺04 ⫺0.07465337E⫺06 0.05420529E⫺06 ⫺0.05015890E⫺05 ⫺0.03302750E⫺04 ⫺0.10422585E⫺05 ⫺0.08063864E⫺04 ⫺0.12588420E⫺06 ⫺0.05756150E⫺05 ⫺0.03102803E⫺07 0.02421031E⫺04

0.06135197E⫺02 0.11274864E⫺02 ⫺0.02755061E⫺03 ⫺0.16381665E⫺02

0.02462429E⫺01 0.07838500E⫺01

0.12691383E⫺02 0.12530634E⫺02

0.10661458E⫺03 ⫺0.02180018E⫺03

0.14879768E⫺02 0.14082404E⫺02

0.04551067E⫺10 ⫺0.16028431E⫺08

0.12009964E⫺09 0.06968581E⫺07

0.03056293E⫺01 0.03474982E⫺01

0.10139743E⫺02 0.01850910E⫺02 ⫺0.08730260E⫺05 ⫺0.06354696E⫺04

⫺0.09231578E⫺10 0.09475434E⫺09

⫺0.05633828E⫺06 ⫺0.08143015E⫺05

0.02174683E⫺09 0.02387202E⫺07

0.02393996E⫺08 0.06866686E⫺07

⫺0.12784105E⫺05 ⫺0.10409113E⫺04

⫺0.02276877E⫺05 ⫺0.16761646E⫺05

0.10185813E⫺09 0.05581944E⫺07

⫺0.05630827E⫺05 ⫺0.03881755E⫺04

0.00000000E⫹00 0.00000000E⫹00

a4

a3

0.00000000E⫹00 0.00000000E⫹00

0.00000000E⫹00 0.00000000E⫹00

0.07000644E⫺02 0.08249441E⫺02

0.03140168E⫺01 0.09922072E⫺01

0.14426885E⫺02 0.15119409E⫺02

a2

a5

⫺0.04368051E⫺14 0.03890696E⫺11

⫺0.11364354E⫺14 ⫺0.08768554E⫺11

⫺0.13917168E⫺13 ⫺0.02320150E⫺10

⫺0.06275419E⫺13 ⫺0.02446262E⫺10

⫺0.10259839E⫺14 0.02099904E⫺12

⫺0.06753351E⫺13 ⫺0.02444854E⫺10

⫺0.06391618E⫺13 ⫺0.02506588E⫺10

⫺0.05126305E⫺14 ⫺0.08431442E⫺11

0.00000000E⫹00 0.00000000E⫹00

0.15827519E⫺14 0.04134872E⫺11

⫺0.16690333E⫺13 ⫺0.02117280E⫺10

⫺0.06910951E⫺13 ⫺0.02474951E⫺10

cp>Ru ⫽ a1 ⫹ a2T ⫹ a3T 2 ⫹ a4T 3 ⫹ a5T 4, a3 a5 a6 a2 a4 h⬚>RuT ⫽ a1 ⫹ T ⫹ T 2 ⫹ T 3 ⫹ T 4 ⫹ , 2 3 4 5 T a a a 3 5 4 s o>Ru ⫽ a1ln T ⫹ a2T ⫹ T 2 ⫹ T 3 ⫹ T 4 ⫹ a7 2 3 4

Table B.14 Curve-Fit Coefficients for Thermodynamic Properties (C–H–O–N System):

0.02923080E⫹06 0.02914764E⫹06

⫺0.12339301E⫹04 ⫺0.10052490E⫹04

0.02261292E⫹05 0.02896290E⫹05

0.09800840E⫹05 0.09817961E⫹05

0.05611604E⫹06 0.05609890E⫹06

⫺0.09227977E⫹04 ⫺0.10208999E⫹04

⫺0.02989921E⫹06 ⫺0.03020811E⫹06

0.03886888E⫹05 0.03606781E⫹05

0.02547162E⫹06 0.02547162E⫹06

⫺0.08350340E⫹04 ⫺0.10125209E⫹04

⫺0.04896696E⫹06 ⫺0.04837314E⫹06

⫺0.14268350E⫹05 ⫺0.14310539E⫹05

a6

0.04920308E⫹02 0.02963995E⫹02

0.03189165E⫹02 0.06034737E⫹02

0.09885985E⫹01 0.11612071E⫹02

0.06417293E⫹02 0.05829590E⫹02

0.04448758E⫹02 0.04167566E⫹02

0.05980528E⫹02 0.03950372E⫹02

0.06862817E⫹02 0.02590232E⫹02

0.05595712E⫹02 0.13588605E⫹01

⫺0.04601176E⫹01 ⫺0.04601176E⫹01

⫺0.13551101E⫹01 ⫺0.03294094E⫹02

⫺0.09553959E⫹01 0.10188488E⫹02

0.06108217E⫹02 0.04848897E⫹02

a7

Appendix C Thermodynamic and Thermo-Physical Properties of Air

Table C.1 Approximate Composition, Apparent Molecular Weight, and Gas Constant for Dry Air Constituent

Mole %

N2 O2 Ar CO2 Ne, He, CH4, others

78.08 20.95 0.93 0.036 0.003

Mair ⫽ 28.97 kg/kmol Rair ⫽ 287.0 J/kg⭈ K

Table C.2 Thermodynamic Properties of Air at 1 atm* T (K)

h (kJ/kg)

u (kJ/kg)

s⬚ (kJ/kg⭈K)

cp (kJ/kg⭈ K)

cv (kJ/kg⭈ K)

␥ (⫽ cp Ⲑcv)

200 210 220 230 240

325.42 335.49 345.55 355.62 365.68

268.14 275.32 282.49 289.67 296.85

3.4764 3.5255 3.5723 3.6171 3.6599

1.007 1.007 1.006 1.006 1.006

0.716 0.716 0.716 0.716 0.716

1.406 1.405 1.405 1.404 1.404

250 260 270 280 290

375.73 385.79 395.85 405.91 415.97

304.02 311.20 318.38 325.56 332.74

3.7009 3.7404 3.7783 3.8149 3.8502

1.006 1.006 1.006 1.006 1.006

0.717 0.717 0.717 0.717 0.718

1.404 1.403 1.403 1.403 1.402

300 310 320 330 340

426.04 436.11 446.18 456.26 466.34

339.93 347.12 354.31 361.51 368.72

3.8844 3.9174 3.9494 3.9804 4.0105

1.007 1.007 1.008 1.008 1.009

0.718 0.719 0.719 0.720 0.721

1.402 1.401 1.401 1.400 1.400

350 360 370 380 390

476.43 486.53 496.64 506.75 516.88

375.94 383.16 390.39 397.63 404.89

4.0397 4.0682 4.0959 4.1228 4.1491

1.009 1.010 1.011 1.012 1.013

0.721 0.722 0.723 0.724 0.725

1.399 1.399 1.398 1.398 1.397

*Property values generated from NIST Database 23: REFPROP Version 7.0 (August 2002). Reference state: h (78.903 K) ⫽ 0.0; s (78.903 K) ⫽ 0.0. (continued)

page 31

32

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table C.2 (continued) T (K)

h (kJ/kg)

u (kJ/kg)

s⬚ (kJ/kg⭈ K)

cp (kJ/kg⭈ K)

cv (kJ/kg⭈K)

␥ (⫽ cp Ⲑcv)

400 410 420 430 440

527.02 537.17 547.33 557.51 567.70

412.15 419.42 426.71 434.01 441.33

4.1748 4.1999 4.2244 4.2483 4.2717

1.014 1.016 1.017 1.018 1.020

0.727 0.728 0.729 0.731 0.732

1.396 1.395 1.395 1.394 1.393

450 460 470 480 490

577.90 588.13 598.36 608.62 618.89

448.66 456.01 463.38 470.76 478.16

4.2947 4.3171 4.3392 4.3608 4.3819

1.021 1.023 1.025 1.026 1.028

0.734 0.735 0.737 0.739 0.741

1.392 1.391 1.390 1.389 1.388

500 510 520 530 540

629.18 639.50 649.83 660.18 670.55

485.58 493.01 500.47 507.95 515.45

4.4027 4.4231 4.4432 4.4629 4.4823

1.030 1.032 1.034 1.036 1.038

0.743 0.745 0.747 0.749 0.751

1.387 1.386 1.385 1.384 1.383

550 560 570 580 590

680.94 691.35 701.79 712.25 722.73

522.97 530.51 538.07 545.65 553.26

4.5014 4.5201 4.5386 4.5568 4.5747

1.040 1.042 1.045 1.047 1.049

0.753 0.755 0.757 0.759 0.762

1.382 1.381 1.380 1.378 1.377

600 610 620 630 640

733.23 743.76 754.30 764.88 775.47

560.89 568.55 576.22 583.92 591.65

4.5924 4.6098 4.6269 4.6438 4.6605

1.051 1.054 1.056 1.058 1.061

0.764 0.766 0.769 0.771 0.773

1.376 1.375 1.374 1.373 1.371

650 660 670 680 690

786.09 796.74 807.41 818.10 828.81

599.40 607.17 614.96 622.78 630.63

4.6770 4.6932 4.7093 4.7251 4.7408

1.063 1.066 1.068 1.070 1.073

0.776 0.778 0.781 0.783 0.786

1.370 1.369 1.368 1.367 1.366

700 710 720 730 740

839.55 850.32 861.11 871.92 882.76

638.50 646.39 654.30 662.24 670.21

4.7562 4.7715 4.7866 4.8015 4.8162

1.075 1.078 1.080 1.082 1.085

0.788 0.790 0.793 0.795 0.798

1.365 1.364 1.362 1.361 1.360

750 760 770 780 790

893.62 904.50 915.41 926.34 937.29

678.20 686.21 694.24 702.30 710.39

4.8308 4.8452 4.8595 4.8736 4.8875

1.087 1.090 1.092 1.094 1.097

0.800 0.802 0.805 0.807 0.809

1.359 1.358 1.357 1.356 1.355

800 820 840 860 880

948.27 970.30 992.41 1014.62 1036.91

718.49 734.77 751.15 767.61 784.16

4.9014 4.9285 4.9552 4.9813 5.0069

1.099 1.104 1.108 1.113 1.117

0.812 0.816 0.821 0.825 0.830

1.354 1.352 1.350 1.348 1.346

900 920 940 960 980

1059.29 1081.76 1104.30 1126.93 1149.64

800.80 817.52 834.32 851.21 868.18

5.0321 5.0568 5.0810 5.1048 5.1283

1.121 1.125 1.129 1.133 1.137

0.834 0.838 0.842 0.846 0.850

1.344 1.343 1.341 1.339 1.338

Appendix C

Thermodynamic and Thermo-Physical Properties of Air

T (K)

h (kJ/kg)

u (kJ/kg)

s⬚ (kJ/kg⭈K)

cp (kJ/kg⭈ K)

cv (kJ/kg⭈ K)

␥ (⫽ cp Ⲑcv)

1000 1020 1040 1060 1080

1172.43 1195.29 1218.23 1241.23 1264.31

885.22 902.34 919.53 936.80 954.13

5.1513 5.1739 5.1962 5.2181 5.2397

1.141 1.145 1.149 1.152 1.156

0.854 0.858 0.861 0.865 0.868

1.336 1.335 1.333 1.332 1.331

1100 1120 1140 1160 1180

1287.46 1310.67 1333.95 1357.29 1380.69

971.53 989.00 1006.54 1024.13 1041.79

5.2609 5.2818 5.3024 5.3227 5.3427

1.159 1.162 1.165 1.169 1.172

0.872 0.875 0.878 0.881 0.884

1.329 1.328 1.327 1.326 1.325

1200 1220 1240 1260 1280

1404.15 1427.67 1451.25 1474.88 1498.56

1059.51 1077.29 1095.12 1113.01 1130.95

5.3624 5.3819 5.4010 5.4199 5.4386

1.175 1.177 1.180 1.183 1.186

0.887 0.890 0.893 0.896 0.898

1.324 1.323 1.322 1.321 1.320

1300 1320 1340 1360 1380

1522.30 1546.09 1569.92 1593.81 1617.74

1148.95 1166.99 1185.08 1203.23 1221.42

5.4570 5.4751 5.4931 5.5108 5.5282

1.188 1.191 1.193 1.195 1.198

0.901 0.903 0.906 0.908 0.911

1.319 1.318 1.317 1.316 1.315

1400 1420 1440 1460 1480

1641.71 1665.74 1689.80 1713.91 1738.05

1239.65 1257.93 1276.25 1294.61 1313.02

5.5455 5.5625 5.5793 5.5960 5.6124

1.200 1.202 1.204 1.206 1.208

0.913 0.915 0.917 0.919 0.921

1.315 1.314 1.313 1.312 1.312

1500 1520 1540 1560 1580

1762.24 1786.46 1810.73 1835.03 1859.36

1331.46 1349.94 1368.46 1387.02 1405.61

5.6286 5.6447 5.6605 5.6762 5.6917

1.210 1.212 1.214 1.216 1.218

0.923 0.925 0.927 0.929 0.931

1.311 1.310 1.310 1.309 1.309

1600 1620 1640 1660 1680

1883.73 1908.14 1932.58 1957.05 1981.55

1424.24 1442.90 1461.60 1480.33 1499.09

5.7070 5.7222 5.7372 5.7520 5.7667

1.219 1.221 1.223 1.224 1.226

0.932 0.934 0.936 0.937 0.939

1.308 1.307 1.307 1.306 1.306

1700 1750 1800 1850 1900

2006.08 2067.54 2129.19 2190.99 2252.96

1517.88 1564.99 1612.27 1659.72 1707.33

5.7812 5.8168 5.8516 5.8854 5.9185

1.227 1.231 1.235 1.238 1.241

0.940 0.944 0.947 0.951 0.954

1.305 1.304 1.303 1.302 1.301

1950 2000 2050 2100 2150

2315.08 2377.34 2439.73 2502.26 2564.90

1755.09 1803.00 1851.04 1899.21 1947.50

5.9508 5.9823 6.0131 6.0432 6.0727

1.244 1.247 1.249 1.252 1.254

0.957 0.959 0.962 0.965 0.967

1.300 1.299 1.298 1.298 1.297

2200 2250 2300 2350

2627.67 2690.54 2753.53 2816.61

1995.91 2044.43 2093.05 2141.78

6.1016 6.1298 6.1575 6.1846

1.256 1.259 1.261 1.263

0.969 0.971 0.974 0.976

1.296 1.296 1.295 1.294

33

34

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table C.3 Thermo-Physical Properties of Air Table C.3A Thermo-Physical Properties of Air (100–1000 K at 1 atm)* ␳ (kg/m3)

cp (kJ/kg⭈K)

␮ (␮Pa⭈ s)

v (m2/s)

k (W/m⭈K)

␣ (m2/s)

Pr

100 120 140 160 180

3.6043 2.9772 2.5403 2.2169 1.9674

1.0356 1.0211 1.0142 1.0105 1.0084

7.1551 8.4995 9.7899 11.029 12.221

1.985E-06 2.855E-06 3.854E-06 4.975E-06 6.212E-06

0.010116 0.011996 0.013802 0.015540 0.017213

2.710E-06 3.946E-06 5.357E-06 6.936E-06 8.677E-06

0.73245 0.72349 0.71940 0.71723 0.71593

200 220 240 260 280

1.7688 1.6068 1.4721 1.3584 1.2610

1.0071 1.0063 1.0059 1.0058 1.0061

13.370 14.479 15.552 16.592 17.601

7.559E-06 9.011E-06 1.056E-05 1.221E-05 1.396E-05

0.018829 0.020392 0.021908 0.023381 0.024817

1.057E-05 1.261E-05 1.480E-05 1.711E-05 1.956E-05

0.71508 0.71449 0.71407 0.71376 0.71354

300 320 340 360 380

1.1767 1.1030 1.0380 0.98022 0.92856

1.0066 1.0075 1.0087 1.0103 1.0122

18.582 19.536 20.465 21.372 22.256

1.579E-05 1.771E-05 1.972E-05 2.180E-05 2.397E-05

0.026220 0.027594 0.028944 0.030272 0.031583

2.214E-05 2.483E-05 2.764E-05 3.057E-05 3.361E-05

0.71339 0.71330 0.71324 0.71323 0.71326

400 420 440 460 480

0.88208 0.84004 0.80183 0.76695 0.73497

1.0144 1.0169 1.0198 1.0230 1.0264

23.121 23.966 24.794 25.605 26.400

2.621E-05 2.853E-05 3.092E-05 3.339E-05 3.592E-05

0.032880 0.034164 0.035437 0.036702 0.037960

3.675E-05 3.999E-05 4.334E-05 4.678E-05 5.032E-05

0.71331 0.71340 0.71352 0.71366 0.71384

500 520 540 560 580

0.70556 0.67842 0.65329 0.62995 0.60823

1.0301 1.0340 1.0382 1.0424 1.0469

27.180 27.946 28.698 29.438 30.166

3.852E-05 4.119E-05 4.393E-05 4.673E-05 4.960E-05

0.039212 0.040458 0.041699 0.042935 0.044167

5.395E-05 5.767E-05 6.148E-05 6.538E-05 6.936E-05

0.71403 0.71425 0.71449 0.71475 0.71503

600 620 640 660 680

0.58795 0.56898 0.55120 0.53450 0.51878

1.0514 1.0561 1.0608 1.0656 1.0704

30.883 31.589 32.284 32.970 33.646

5.253E-05 5.552E-05 5.857E-05 6.168E-05 6.486E-05

0.045395 0.046618 0.047837 0.049050 0.050259

7.343E-05 7.758E-05 8.181E-05 8.612E-05 9.051E-05

0.71532 0.71562 0.71593 0.71626 0.71659

700 720 740 760 780

0.50396 0.48996 0.47672 0.46417 0.45227

1.0752 1.0800 1.0848 1.0896 1.0943

34.313 34.972 35.623 36.266 36.901

6.809E-05 7.138E-05 7.473E-05 7.813E-05 8.159E-05

0.051462 0.052659 0.053851 0.055036 0.056215

9.497E-05 9.951E-05 1.041E-04 1.088E-04 1.136E-04

0.71693 0.71727 0.71761 0.71796 0.71831

800 820 840 860 880

0.44097 0.43022 0.41997 0.41021 0.40089

1.0989 1.1035 1.1081 1.1125 1.1169

37.529 38.151 38.765 39.374 39.976

8.511E-05 8.868E-05 9.230E-05 9.599E-05 9.972E-05

0.057388 0.058553 0.059712 0.060863 0.062007

1.184E-04 1.233E-04 1.283E-04 1.334E-04 1.385E-04

0.71866 0.71901 0.71936 0.71971 0.72006

900 920 940 960 980

0.39198 0.38346 0.37530 0.36749 0.35999

1.1212 1.1254 1.1295 1.1335 1.1374

40.573 41.164 41.749 42.329 42.904

1.035E-04 1.074E-04 1.112E-04 1.152E-04 1.192E-04

0.063143 0.064271 0.065392 0.066505 0.067610

1.437E-04 1.489E-04 1.543E-04 1.597E-04 1.651E-04

0.72041 0.72075 0.72109 0.72143 0.72176

1000

0.35279

1.1412

43.474

1.232E-04

0.068708

1.707E-04

0.72210

T (K)

*Values generated from NIST Database 23: REFPROP Version 7.0 (August 2002).

Appendix C

Thermodynamic and Thermo-Physical Properties of Air

Table C.3B Thermo-Physical Properties of Air (1000–2300 K at 1 atm)* T (K)

␳ (kg/m3)

cp (kJ/kg⭈K)

␮ (␮Pa⭈s)

v (m2/s)

k (W/m⭈K)

␣ (m2/s)

Pr

1000 1100 1200 1300 1400

0.35281 0.32074 0.29402 0.27141 0.25202

1.1412 1.1590 1.1745 1.1881 1.1999

43.474 46.258 48.941 51.539 54.063

1.23E-04 1.44E-04 1.66E-04 1.90E-04 2.15E-04

0.068708 0.074077 0.079254 0.084248 0.089070

6.871E-06 7.408E-06 7.925E-06 8.425E-06 8.907E-06

0.72210 0.72372 0.72530 0.72683 0.72835

1500 1600 1700 1800 1900

0.23523 0.22053 0.20756 0.19603 0.18571

1.2103 1.2194 1.2274 1.2345 1.2409

56.524 58.930 61.286 63.600 65.877

2.40E-04 2.67E-04 2.95E-04 3.24E-04 3.55E-04

0.093733 0.098251 0.10263 0.10690 0.11105

9.373E-06 9.825E-06 1.026E-05 1.069E-05 1.111E-05

0.72986 0.73138 0.73293 0.73451 0.73614

2000 2100 2200 2300

0.17643 0.16803 0.16039 0.15342

1.2466 1.2517 1.2564 1.2607

68.119 70.332 72.518 74.681

3.86E-04 4.19E-04 4.52E-04 4.87E-04

0.11509 0.11904 0.12290 0.12668

1.151E-05 1.190E-05 1.229E-05 1.267E-05

0.73781 0.73954 0.74134 0.74320

*Values generated from NIST Database 23: REFPROP Version 7.0 (August 2002).

35

Appendix D Thermodynamic Properties of H2O

Table D.1 Saturation Properties of Water and Steam: Temperature Increments T (K)

P (kPa)

v (m3/kg) sat. liquid

v (m3/kg) sat. vapor

u (kJ/kg) sat. liquid

u (kJ/kg) sat. vapor

h (kJ/kg) sat. liquid

h (kJ/kg) sat. vapor

s (kJ/kg⭈K) sat. liquid

273.16 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320

0.611650 0.650030 0.698460 0.750070 0.805020 0.863500 0.925700 0.991830 1.062200 1.136800 1.216000 1.300000 1.389100 1.483600 1.583600 1.689500 1.801600 1.920100 2.045400 2.177900 2.317800 2.465500 2.621300 2.785700 2.959100 3.141800 3.334300 3.536900 3.750200 3.974600 4.210600 4.458700 4.719400 4.993299 5.280799 5.582599 5.899199 6.231199 6.579299 6.944099 7.326199 7.726299 8.145199 8.583499 9.041899 9.521299 10.022989 10.546989

0.0010002 0.0010002 0.0010001 0.0010001 0.0010001 0.0010001 0.0010001 0.0010001 0.0010002 0.0010003 0.0010003 0.0010004 0.0010005 0.0010006 0.0010008 0.0010009 0.0010011 0.0010012 0.0010014 0.0010016 0.0010018 0.0010020 0.0010022 0.0010025 0.0010027 0.0010030 0.0010032 0.0010035 0.0010038 0.0010041 0.0010044 0.0010047 0.0010050 0.0010053 0.0010057 0.0010060 0.0010063 0.0010067 0.0010071 0.0010074 0.0010078 0.0010082 0.0010086 0.0010090 0.0010094 0.0010099 0.0010103 0.0010107

205.99 194.43 181.60 169.71 158.70 148.48 139.00 130.19 122.01 114.40 107.32 100.74 94.602 88.887 83.560 78.592 73.955 69.625 65.581 61.801 58.267 54.960 51.865 48.966 46.251 43.705 41.318 39.078 36.976 35.002 33.147 31.403 29.764 28.222 26.770 25.403 24.116 22.903 21.759 20.680 19.663 18.702 17.795 16.938 16.129 15.363 14.639 13.954

0 3.5435 7.7590 11.971 16.181 20.388 24.593 28.795 32.996 37.194 41.391 45.586 49.779 53.971 58.162 62.351 66.540 70.727 74.914 79.099 83.284 87.468 91.652 95.835 100.02 104.20 108.38 112.56 116.74 120.92 125.10 129.28 133.46 137.64 141.82 146.00 150.18 154.36 158.54 162.72 166.90 171.08 175.26 179.44 183.62 187.80 191.98 196.16

2374.9 2376.1 2377.5 2378.8 2380.2 2381.6 2383.0 2384.3 2385.7 2387.1 2388.4 2389.8 2391.2 2392.6 2393.9 2395.3 2396.7 2398.0 2399.4 2400.8 2402.1 2403.5 2404.8 2406.2 2407.6 2408.9 2410.3 2411.6 2413.0 2414.4 2415.7 2417.1 2418.4 2419.8 2421.1 2422.5 2423.8 2425.2 2426.5 2427.8 2429.2 2430.5 2431.9 2433.2 2434.5 2435.9 2437.2 2438.5

0.00061 3.5442 7.7597 11.972 16.182 20.389 24.594 28.796 32.997 37.195 41.392 45.587 49.780 53.973 58.163 62.353 66.542 70.729 74.916 79.101 83.286 87.471 91.654 95.837 100.02 104.20 108.38 112.56 116.75 120.93 125.11 129.29 133.47 137.65 141.83 146.01 150.19 154.37 158.55 162.73 166.91 171.09 175.27 179.45 183.63 187.81 191.99 196.17

2500.9 2502.5 2504.3 2506.1 2508.0 2509.8 2511.6 2513.4 2515.3 2517.1 2518.9 2520.8 2522.6 2524.4 2526.2 2528.1 2529.9 2531.7 2533.5 2535.3 2537.2 2539.0 2540.8 2542.6 2544.4 2546.2 2548.0 2549.9 2551.7 2553.5 2555.3 2557.1 2558.9 2560.7 2562.5 2564.3 2566.1 2567.9 2569.7 2571.5 2573.2 2575.0 2576.8 2578.6 2580.4 2582.2 2583.9 2585.7

0 0.012952 0.028309 0.043600 0.058825 0.073985 0.089083 0.10412 0.11909 0.13401 0.14886 0.16366 0.17840 0.19308 0.20771 0.22228 0.23680 0.25126 0.26568 0.28003 0.29434 0.30860 0.32280 0.33696 0.35106 0.36512 0.37913 0.39309 0.40700 0.42087 0.43469 0.44846 0.46219 0.47587 0.48950 0.50310 0.51664 0.53015 0.54361 0.55702 0.57040 0.58373 0.59702 0.61027 0.62348 0.63664 0.64977 0.66285

page 36

s (kJ/kg⭈K) sat. vapor 9.1555 9.1331 9.1066 9.0804 9.0544 9.0287 9.0031 8.9779 8.9528 8.9280 8.9034 8.8791 8.8549 8.8310 8.8073 8.7838 8.7605 8.7374 8.7145 8.6918 8.6693 8.6471 8.6250 8.6031 8.5814 8.5599 8.5385 8.5174 8.4964 8.4756 8.4550 8.4346 8.4144 8.3943 8.3744 8.3546 8.3351 8.3156 8.2964 8.2773 8.2584 8.2396 8.2210 8.2025 8.1842 8.1660 8.1480 8.1302

Appendix D

Thermodynamic Properties of H 2 O

37

T (K)

P (MPa)

v (m3/kg) sat. liquid

v (m3/kg) sat. vapor

u (kJ/kg) sat. liquid

u (kJ/kg) sat. vapor

h (kJ/kg) sat. liquid

h (kJ/kg) sat. vapor

s (kJ/kg⭈K) sat. liquid

s (kJ/kg⭈K) sat. vapor

320 325 330 335 340 345 350 355 360 365 370 375 380 385 390 395 400 405 410 415 420 425 430 435 440 445 450 455 460 465 470 475 480 485 490 495 500 505 510 515 520 525 530 535 540 545 550 555 560 565 570 575 580 585 590 595 600 605 610 615 620 625 630 635 640 645 647.096

0.010547 0.013532 0.017214 0.021719 0.027189 0.033784 0.041683 0.051081 0.062195 0.075261 0.090536 0.108310 0.128860 0.152529 0.179649 0.210609 0.245779 0.285589 0.330459 0.380879 0.437309 0.500259 0.570269 0.647879 0.733679 0.828249 0.932209 1.046289 1.170988 1.306987 1.455187 1.616086 1.790586 1.979285 2.183184 2.402884 2.639283 2.893182 3.165582 3.457181 3.769080 4.101980 4.456979 4.834978 5.236977 5.664076 6.117276 6.597675 7.106274 7.644473 8.213272 8.814071 9.448070 10.117686 10.821674 11.563662 12.345649 13.167635 14.033620 14.943604 15.901586 16.908567 17.969544 19.086516 20.265481 21.515425 22.064000

0.0010107 0.0010130 0.0010155 0.0010181 0.0010209 0.0010239 0.0010270 0.0010303 0.0010337 0.0010373 0.0010410 0.0010449 0.0010490 0.0010532 0.0010575 0.0010620 0.0010667 0.0010715 0.0010765 0.0010817 0.0010870 0.0010926 0.0010983 0.0011042 0.0011103 0.0011166 0.0011232 0.0011299 0.0011369 0.0011442 0.0011517 0.0011594 0.0011675 0.0011758 0.0011845 0.0011935 0.0012029 0.0012127 0.0012228 0.0012334 0.0012445 0.0012561 0.0012682 0.0012809 0.0012942 0.0013083 0.0013231 0.0013387 0.0013553 0.0013729 0.0013917 0.0014118 0.0014334 0.0014567 0.0014820 0.0015095 0.0015399 0.0015735 0.0016112 0.0016541 0.0017039 0.0017634 0.0018374 0.0019353 0.0020767 0.0023527 0.0031056

13.954 11.039 8.8050 7.0788 5.7339 4.6776 3.8419 3.1759 2.6414 2.2098 1.8590 1.5722 1.3364 1.1414 0.97928 0.84389 0.73024 0.63441 0.55323 0.48418 0.42520 0.37463 0.33110 0.29350 0.26090 0.23255 0.20781 0.18616 0.16715 0.15041 0.13564 0.12255 0.11094 0.10061 0.091390 0.083149 0.075764 0.069131 0.063161 0.057776 0.052910 0.048503 0.044503 0.040868 0.037556 0.034535 0.031772 0.029242 0.026920 0.024786 0.022820 0.021005 0.019328 0.017773 0.016329 0.014984 0.013728 0.012552 0.011446 0.010400 0.0094067 0.0084538 0.0075279 0.0066074 0.0056451 0.0044553 0.0031056

196.16 217.07 237.98 258.9 279.84 300.79 321.75 342.73 363.73 384.75 405.79 426.86 447.96 469.09 490.25 511.45 532.69 553.98 575.31 596.69 618.13 639.62 661.18 682.8 704.5 726.26 748.11 770.05 792.07 814.2 836.42 858.75 881.19 903.76 926.45 949.28 972.26 995.38 1018.7 1042.1 1065.8 1089.6 1113.7 1138 1162.5 1187.3 1212.4 1237.8 1263.5 1289.6 1316 1343 1370.4 1398.4 1426.9 1456.2 1486.4 1517.4 1549.6 1583.2 1618.6 1656.5 1697.7 1744.3 1799.7 1880.5 2015.7

2438.5 2445.2 2451.8 2458.3 2464.8 2471.2 2477.6 2483.9 2490.1 2496.2 2502.3 2508.2 2514.1 2519.8 2525.4 2530.9 2536.2 2541.4 2546.5 2551.4 2556.2 2560.7 2565.1 2569.3 2573.3 2577.1 2580.7 2584.0 2587.2 2590.1 2592.7 2595.0 2597.1 2598.9 2600.5 2601.7 2602.5 2603.0 2603.2 2603.0 2602.4 2601.4 2599.9 2597.9 2595.5 2592.5 2588.9 2584.8 2579.9 2574.4 2568.0 2560.9 2552.7 2543.5 2533.2 2521.5 2508.3 2493.4 2476.4 2456.9 2434.3 2407.8 2375.8 2335.7 2281.1 2185.2 2015.7

196.17 217.08 238.00 258.93 279.87 300.82 321.79 342.78 363.79 384.82 405.88 426.97 448.09 469.25 490.44 511.67 532.95 554.28 575.66 597.10 618.60 640.17 661.80 683.52 705.31 727.19 749.16 771.23 793.41 815.69 838.09 860.62 883.28 906.09 929.04 952.15 975.43 998.89 1022.5 1046.4 1070.5 1094.8 1119.3 1144.2 1169.3 1194.7 1220.5 1246.6 1273.1 1300.1 1327.5 1355.4 1383.9 1413.1 1443.0 1473.7 1505.4 1538.1 1572.2 1608.0 1645.7 1686.3 1730.7 1781.2 1841.8 1931.1 2084.3

2585.7 2594.6 2603.3 2612.1 2620.7 2629.3 2637.7 2646.1 2654.4 2662.5 2670.6 2678.5 2686.2 2693.9 2701.3 2708.6 2715.7 2722.6 2729.3 2735.8 2742.1 2748.1 2753.9 2759.5 2764.7 2769.7 2774.4 2778.8 2782.9 2786.6 2790.0 2793.1 2795.8 2798.1 2800.0 2801.4 2802.5 2803.1 2803.2 2802.7 2801.8 2800.3 2798.2 2795.5 2792.2 2788.1 2783.3 2777.7 2771.2 2763.9 2755.5 2746.0 2735.3 2723.3 2709.9 2694.8 2677.8 2658.7 2637.0 2612.3 2583.9 2550.7 2511.1 2461.8 2395.5 2281.0 2084.3

0.66285 0.72768 0.79154 0.85447 0.91650 0.97766 1.0380 1.0975 1.1562 1.2142 1.2715 1.3281 1.3839 1.4392 1.4938 1.5478 1.6013 1.6541 1.7065 1.7583 1.8097 1.8606 1.9110 1.9610 2.0106 2.0598 2.1087 2.1571 2.2053 2.2532 2.3007 2.3480 2.3950 2.4418 2.4884 2.5348 2.5810 2.6271 2.6731 2.7189 2.7647 2.8104 2.8561 2.9019 2.9476 2.9935 3.0394 3.0855 3.1319 3.1785 3.2254 3.2727 3.3205 3.3690 3.4181 3.4680 3.5190 3.5713 3.6252 3.6811 3.7396 3.8019 3.8698 3.9463 4.0375 4.1722 4.4070

8.1302 8.0430 7.9592 7.8787 7.8013 7.7267 7.6549 7.5857 7.5190 7.4545 7.3923 7.3321 7.2738 7.2174 7.1627 7.1097 7.0581 7.0081 6.9593 6.9119 6.8656 6.8205 6.7764 6.7333 6.6911 6.6498 6.6092 6.5694 6.5303 6.4917 6.4538 6.4164 6.3794 6.3428 6.3066 6.2708 6.2351 6.1997 6.1645 6.1293 6.0942 6.0591 6.0239 5.9885 5.9530 5.9171 5.8809 5.8443 5.8071 5.7693 5.7307 5.6912 5.6506 5.6087 5.5654 5.5203 5.4731 5.4234 5.3707 5.3142 5.2528 5.1851 5.1084 5.0181 4.9027 4.7147 4.4070

38

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table D.2 Saturation Properties of Water and Steam: Pressure Increments P (kPa)

T (K)

v (m3/kg) sat. liquid

2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.0 24.0 26.0 28.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 36.0 38.0 40.0 42.0 44.0 46.0 48.0 50.0 52.0 54.0 56.0 58.0 60.0 62.0 64.0 66.0 68.0 70.0 72.0 74.0 76.0 78.0 80.0 82.0 84.0 86.0 88.0 90.0 92.0 94.0 96.0 98.0 100.0

290.64 302.11 309.31 314.66 318.96 322.57 325.70 328.46 330.95 333.21 335.28 337.20 338.99 340.67 342.25 343.74 345.15 346.50 347.78 349.01 350.18 351.32 352.40 353.45 354.47 355.45 356.40 357.32 358.21 359.08 359.92 360.74 361.54 362.32 363.08 363.82 364.55 365.26 365.96 366.64 367.30 367.95 368.59 369.22 369.84 370.44 371.04 371.62 372.19 372.76

0.0010014 0.0010041 0.0010065 0.0010085 0.0010103 0.0010119 0.0010134 0.0010147 0.0010160 0.0010172 0.0010183 0.0010193 0.0010203 0.0010213 0.0010222 0.0010231 0.0010240 0.0010248 0.0010256 0.0010264 0.0010271 0.0010279 0.0010286 0.0010293 0.0010299 0.0010306 0.0010312 0.0010319 0.0010325 0.0010331 0.0010337 0.0010342 0.0010348 0.0010354 0.0010359 0.0010364 0.0010370 0.0010375 0.0010380 0.0010385 0.0010390 0.0010395 0.001040 0.0010404 0.0010409 0.0010414 0.0010418 0.0010423 0.0010427 0.0010432

v (m3/kg) u (kJ/kg) sat. vapor sat. liquid 66.987 34.791 23.733 18.099 14.670 12.358 10.691 9.4306 8.4431 7.6480 6.9936 6.4453 5.9792 5.5778 5.2284 4.9215 4.6497 4.4072 4.1895 3.9930 3.8146 3.6520 3.5031 3.3663 3.2400 3.1232 3.0148 2.9139 2.8198 2.7317 2.6492 2.5716 2.4986 2.4298 2.3648 2.3033 2.2450 2.1897 2.1371 2.0871 2.0394 1.9940 1.9506 1.9091 1.8694 1.8313 1.7949 1.7599 1.7262 1.6939

73.426 121.38 151.47 173.83 191.80 206.90 219.98 231.55 241.95 251.40 260.09 268.13 275.62 282.64 289.24 295.49 301.41 307.05 312.43 317.58 322.52 327.27 331.83 336.24 340.49 344.60 348.59 352.45 356.20 359.84 363.39 366.84 370.20 373.48 376.68 379.80 382.86 385.84 388.77 391.63 394.43 397.18 399.87 402.51 405.10 407.65 410.15 412.61 415.02 417.40

u (kJ/kg) h (kJ/kg) sat. vapor sat. liquid 2398.9 2414.5 2424.2 2431.4 2437.2 2442.0 2446.1 2449.8 2453.0 2456.0 2458.7 2461.2 2463.5 2465.7 2467.7 2469.6 2471.4 2473.1 2474.8 2476.3 2477.8 2479.3 2480.6 2481.9 2483.2 2484.4 2485.6 2486.8 2487.9 2489.0 2490.0 2491.0 2492.0 2493.0 2493.9 2494.8 2495.7 2496.5 2497.4 2498.2 2499.0 2499.8 2500.6 2501.3 2502.1 2502.8 2503.5 2504.2 2504.9 2505.6

73.428 121.39 151.48 173.84 191.81 206.91 219.99 231.57 241.96 251.42 260.11 268.15 275.64 282.66 289.27 295.52 301.45 307.09 312.47 317.62 322.56 327.31 331.88 336.29 340.54 344.66 348.64 352.51 356.26 359.91 363.45 366.91 370.27 373.55 376.75 379.88 382.94 385.92 388.85 391.71 394.51 397.26 399.96 402.60 405.20 407.75 410.25 412.71 415.13 417.50

h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg⭈K) s (kJ/kg⭈ K) sat. vapor sat. liquid sat. vapor 2532.9 2553.7 2566.6 2576.2 2583.9 2590.3 2595.8 2600.6 2605.0 2608.9 2612.5 2615.9 2619.0 2621.8 2624.5 2627.1 2629.5 2631.8 2634.0 2636.1 2638.0 2639.9 2641.8 2643.5 2645.2 2646.8 2648.4 2649.9 2651.4 2652.9 2654.2 2655.6 2656.9 2658.2 2659.4 2660.6 2661.8 2663.0 2664.1 2665.2 2666.3 2667.3 2668.3 2669.3 2670.3 2671.3 2672.2 2673.1 2674.1 2674.9

0.26056 0.42239 0.52082 0.59249 0.6492 0.69628 0.73664 0.77201 0.80355 0.83202 0.85800 0.88191 0.90407 0.92472 0.94407 0.96228 0.97948 0.99579 1.0113 1.0261 1.0402 1.0537 1.0667 1.0792 1.0912 1.1028 1.1140 1.1248 1.1353 1.1454 1.1553 1.1649 1.1742 1.1833 1.1921 1.2007 1.2091 1.2172 1.2252 1.2330 1.2407 1.2482 1.2555 1.2626 1.2696 1.2765 1.2833 1.2899 1.2964 1.3028

8.7226 8.4734 8.3290 8.2273 8.1488 8.0849 8.0311 7.9846 7.9437 7.9072 7.8743 7.8442 7.8167 7.7912 7.7675 7.7453 7.7246 7.7050 7.6865 7.6690 7.6524 7.6365 7.6214 7.6069 7.5930 7.5797 7.5669 7.5545 7.5426 7.5311 7.5200 7.5093 7.4989 7.4888 7.4790 7.4695 7.4602 7.4512 7.4425 7.4339 7.4256 7.4175 7.4096 7.4018 7.3943 7.3869 7.3796 7.3726 7.3656 7.3588

Appendix D

P (MPa) T (K)

v (m3/kg) sat. liquid

0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.10 2.20 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.10 3.20 3.30 3.40 3.50 3.60 3.70 3.80 3.90 4.00 4.10 4.20 4.30 4.40 4.50 4.60 4.70 4.80 4.90 5.00

0.0010432 0.0010605 0.0010732 0.0010836 0.0010925 0.0011006 0.0011080 0.0011148 0.0011212 0.0011272 0.0011330 0.0011385 0.0011438 0.0011489 0.0011539 0.0011587 0.0011634 0.0011679 0.0011724 0.0011767 0.0011810 0.0011852 0.0011894 0.0011934 0.0011974 0.0012014 0.0012053 0.0012091 0.0012129 0.0012167 0.0012204 0.0012241 0.0012278 0.0012314 0.0012350 0.0012385 0.0012421 0.0012456 0.0012491 0.0012526 0.0012560 0.0012594 0.0012629 0.0012663 0.0012696 0.0012730 0.0012764 0.0012797 0.0012831 0.0012864

372.76 393.36 406.67 416.76 424.98 431.98 438.10 443.56 448.50 453.03 457.21 461.11 464.75 468.19 471.44 474.52 477.46 480.26 482.95 485.53 488.01 490.4 492.71 494.94 497.10 499.20 501.23 503.21 505.13 507.00 508.83 510.61 512.35 514.05 515.71 517.33 518.92 520.48 522.01 523.50 524.97 526.41 527.83 529.22 530.59 531.93 533.25 534.55 535.83 537.09

v (m3/kg) u (kJ/kg) u (kJ/kg) sat. vapor sat. liquid sat. vapor 1.6939 0.88568 0.60576 0.46238 0.37481 0.31558 0.27277 0.24034 0.21489 0.19436 0.17745 0.16326 0.15119 0.14078 0.13171 0.12374 0.11667 0.11037 0.10470 0.099585 0.094938 0.090698 0.086815 0.083244 0.079949 0.076899 0.074066 0.071429 0.068968 0.066664 0.064504 0.062475 0.060564 0.058761 0.057058 0.055446 0.053918 0.052467 0.051089 0.049776 0.048525 0.047332 0.046192 0.045102 0.044059 0.043059 0.042100 0.041180 0.040296 0.039446

417.40 504.49 561.10 604.22 639.54 669.72 696.23 719.97 741.55 761.39 779.78 796.96 813.11 828.36 842.83 856.60 869.76 882.37 894.48 906.14 917.39 928.27 938.79 949.00 958.91 968.55 977.93 987.07 995.99 1004.7 1013.2 1021.5 1029.7 1037.7 1045.5 1053.1 1060.7 1068.1 1075.3 1082.5 1089.5 1096.4 1103.2 1109.9 1116.5 1123.0 1129.5 1135.8 1142.0 1148.2

2505.6 2529.1 2543.2 2553.1 2560.7 2566.8 2571.8 2576.0 2579.6 2582.7 2585.5 2587.8 2589.9 2591.8 2593.4 2594.8 2596.1 2597.2 2598.2 2599.1 2599.9 2600.6 2601.1 2601.6 2602.1 2602.4 2602.7 2602.9 2603.1 2603.2 2603.2 2603.2 2603.2 2603.1 2602.9 2602.8 2602.6 2602.3 2602.0 2601.7 2601.4 2601.0 2600.6 2600.1 2599.7 2599.2 2598.7 2598.1 2597.6 2597.0

Thermodynamic Properties of H 2 O

h (kJ/kg) sat. liquid 417.50 504.70 561.43 604.65 640.09 670.38 697.00 720.86 742.56 762.52 781.03 798.33 814.60 829.97 844.56 858.46 871.74 884.47 896.71 908.50 919.87 930.87 941.53 951.87 961.91 971.67 981.18 990.46 999.51 1008.3 1017.0 1025.4 1033.7 1041.8 1049.8 1057.6 1065.3 1072.8 1080.2 1087.5 1094.7 1101.7 1108.7 1115.5 1122.2 1128.9 1135.5 1141.9 1148.3 1154.6

39

h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg⭈K) s (kJ/kg⭈K) sat. vapor sat. liquid sat. vapor 2674.9 2706.2 2724.9 2738.1 2748.1 2756.1 2762.8 2768.3 2773.0 2777.1 2780.6 2783.7 2786.5 2788.8 2791.0 2792.8 2794.5 2795.9 2797.2 2798.3 2799.3 2800.1 2800.8 2801.4 2801.9 2802.3 2802.7 2802.9 2803.1 2803.2 2803.2 2803.1 2803.0 2802.9 2802.6 2802.4 2802.1 2801.7 2801.3 2800.8 2800.3 2799.8 2799.2 2798.6 2797.9 2797.3 2796.5 2795.8 2795.0 2794.2

1.3028 1.5302 1.6717 1.7765 1.8604 1.9308 1.9918 2.0457 2.0940 2.1381 2.1785 2.2159 2.2508 2.2835 2.3143 2.3435 2.3711 2.3975 2.4227 2.4468 2.4699 2.4921 2.5136 2.5343 2.5543 2.5736 2.5924 2.6106 2.6283 2.6455 2.6623 2.6787 2.6946 2.7102 2.7254 2.7403 2.7549 2.7691 2.7831 2.7968 2.8102 2.8234 2.8363 2.8490 2.8615 2.8738 2.8859 2.8978 2.9095 2.9210

7.3588 7.1269 6.9916 6.8955 6.8207 6.7592 6.7071 6.6616 6.6213 6.5850 6.5520 6.5217 6.4936 6.4675 6.4430 6.4199 6.3981 6.3775 6.3578 6.3390 6.3210 6.3038 6.2872 6.2712 6.2558 6.2409 6.2264 6.2124 6.1988 6.1856 6.1727 6.1602 6.1479 6.1360 6.1243 6.1129 6.1018 6.0908 6.0801 6.0696 6.0592 6.0491 6.0391 6.0293 6.0197 6.0102 6.0009 5.9917 5.9826 5.9737 (continued)

40

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table D.2 (continued) P (MPa) 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.5 13.0 13.5 14.0 14.5 15.0 15.5 16.0 16.5 17.0 17.5 18.0 18.5 19.0 19.5 20.0 20.5 21.0 21.5 22.0 22.064

T (K) 537.09 543.12 548.73 554.01 558.98 563.69 568.16 572.42 576.49 580.40 584.15 587.75 591.23 594.58 597.83 600.96 604.00 606.95 609.82 612.60 615.31 617.94 620.50 623.00 625.44 627.82 630.14 632.41 634.62 636.79 638.90 640.96 642.98 644.94 646.86 647.096

v (m3/kg) v (m3/kg) sat. liquid sat. vapor 0.0012864 0.0013029 0.0013193 0.0013356 0.0013519 0.0013682 0.0013847 0.0014013 0.0014181 0.0014352 0.0014526 0.0014703 0.0014885 0.0015071 0.0015263 0.0015461 0.0015665 0.0015877 0.0016097 0.0016328 0.0016570 0.0016824 0.0017094 0.0017383 0.0017693 0.0018029 0.0018398 0.0018807 0.0019268 0.0019792 0.002040 0.0021126 0.0022055 0.0023468 0.0027044 0.0031056

0.039446 0.035642 0.032448 0.029727 0.027378 0.025330 0.023526 0.021923 0.020490 0.019199 0.018030 0.016965 0.015990 0.015093 0.014264 0.013496 0.012780 0.012112 0.011485 0.010895 0.010338 0.0098106 0.0093088 0.0088299 0.0083709 0.0079292 0.0075017 0.0070856 0.0066773 0.0062725 0.0058652 0.0054457 0.0049961 0.0044734 0.0036475 0.0031056

u (kJ/kg) u (kJ/kg) h (kJ/kg) h (kJ/kg) s (kJ/kg⭈K) s (kJ/kg⭈K) sat. liquid sat. vapor sat. liquid sat. vapor sat. liquid sat. vapor 1148.2 1177.9 1206.0 1232.7 1258.2 1282.7 1306.2 1329.0 1351.1 1372.6 1393.5 1414.0 1434.1 1453.8 1473.1 1492.3 1511.1 1529.9 1548.4 1566.9 1585.3 1603.8 1622.3 1641.0 1659.9 1679.2 1699.0 1719.3 1740.5 1762.8 1786.4 1812.0 1841.2 1879.1 1951.8 2015.7

2597.0 2593.7 2589.9 2585.7 2581 2575.9 2570.5 2564.7 2558.5 2552.0 2545.2 2538.0 2530.5 2522.6 2514.3 2505.6 2496.5 2487.0 2477.1 2466.6 2455.6 2444.1 2431.8 2418.9 2405.2 2390.5 2374.8 2357.8 2339.1 2318.5 2295.0 2267.6 2233.7 2186.9 2092.8 2015.7

1154.6 1185.1 1213.9 1241.4 1267.7 1292.9 1317.3 1340.9 1363.9 1386.2 1408.1 1429.4 1450.4 1471.1 1491.5 1511.6 1531.5 1551.3 1571.0 1590.6 1610.2 1629.9 1649.7 1669.7 1690.0 1710.8 1732.1 1754.1 1777.2 1801.4 1827.2 1855.3 1887.6 1929.5 2011.3 2084.3

2794.2 2789.7 2784.6 2778.9 2772.6 2765.9 2758.7 2751.0 2742.9 2734.4 2725.5 2716.1 2706.3 2696.1 2685.4 2674.3 2662.7 2650.5 2637.9 2624.6 2610.7 2596.1 2580.8 2564.6 2547.5 2529.3 2509.8 2488.8 2466.0 2440.8 2412.3 2379.2 2338.6 2283.1 2173.1 2084.3

2.9210 2.9762 3.0278 3.0764 3.1224 3.1662 3.2081 3.2483 3.2870 3.3244 3.3606 3.3959 3.4303 3.4638 3.4967 3.5290 3.5608 3.5921 3.6232 3.6539 3.6846 3.7151 3.7457 3.7765 3.8077 3.8394 3.8718 3.9053 3.9401 3.9767 4.0156 4.0579 4.1064 4.1698 4.2945 4.4070

5.9737 5.9307 5.8901 5.8516 5.8148 5.7793 5.7450 5.7117 5.6791 5.6473 5.6160 5.5851 5.5545 5.5241 5.4939 5.4638 5.4336 5.4032 5.3727 5.3418 5.3106 5.2788 5.2463 5.2130 5.1787 5.1431 5.1061 5.0670 5.0256 4.9808 4.9314 4.8753 4.8079 4.7181 4.5446 4.4070

Appendix D

Thermodynamic Properties of H 2 O

Table D.3 Superheated Vapor (Steam)* Table D.3A Isobaric Data for P ⫽ 0.006 MPa T (K)

P (MPa)

r (kg/m3)

v (m3/kg)

u (kJ/kg)

h (kJ/kg)

s (kJ/kg⭈ K)

309.31 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800

0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.006

0.042135 0.040708 0.038291 0.036151 0.034239 0.032522 0.030969 0.029559 0.028272 0.027092 0.026008 0.025006 0.024079 0.023219 0.022418 0.02167 0.020971 0.020315 0.019699 0.01912 0.018573 0.018057 0.017569 0.017107 0.016668 0.016251

23.733 24.565 26.116 27.662 29.206 30.748 32.290 33.831 35.371 36.911 38.450 39.990 41.529 43.068 44.607 46.146 47.685 49.224 50.763 52.301 53.840 55.379 56.917 58.456 59.995 61.533

2424.2 2439.7 2468.4 2497.0 2525.7 2554.6 2583.5 2612.7 2642.1 2671.6 2701.4 2731.4 2761.7 2792.2 2822.9 2853.9 2885.1 2916.6 2948.3 2980.4 3012.6 3045.2 3078.0 3111.0 3144.4 3178.0

2566.6 2587.1 2625.1 2663.0 2701.0 2739.0 2777.3 2815.7 2854.3 2893.1 2932.1 2971.4 3010.9 3050.6 3090.6 3130.8 3171.2 3211.9 3252.9 3294.2 3335.7 3377.4 3419.5 3461.8 3504.3 3547.2

8.3290 8.3940 8.5092 8.6176 8.7202 8.8179 8.9112 9.0005 9.0863 9.1689 9.2485 9.3255 9.4000 9.4722 9.5424 9.6105 9.6769 9.7415 9.8046 9.8661 9.9263 9.9851 10.043 10.099 10.154 10.209

u (kJ/kg)

h (kJ/kg)

s (kJ/kg⭈ K)

2472.3 2493.5 2523.1 2552.5 2581.9 2611.4 2640.9 2670.7 2700.6 2730.7 2761.1 2791.6 2822.4 2853.4 2884.7 2916.2 2948.0 2980.0 3012.3 3044.9 3077.7 3110.8 3144.2 3177.8 3211.7 3245.9

2630.7 2658.6 2697.7 2736.5 2775.2 2813.9 2852.8 2891.8 2931.0 2970.4 3010.0 3049.8 3089.9 3130.1 3170.7 3211.4 3252.5 3293.7 3335.3 3377.1 3419.1 3461.4 3504.0 3546.9 3590.1 3633.5

7.7146 7.7939 7.8994 7.9989 8.0934 8.1835 8.2699 8.353 8.433 8.5102 8.5849 8.6573 8.7276 8.7958 8.8623 8.927 8.9901 9.0517 9.1119 9.1708 9.2284 9.2848 9.3402 9.3944 9.4477 9.5

*Property values generated from NIST Database 23: REFPROP Version 7.0 (August 2002).

Table D.3B Isobaric Data for P ⴝ 0.035 MPa T (K)

P (MPa)

r (kg/m3)

v (m3/kg)

345.83 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840

0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035

0.22099 0.21197 0.20052 0.1903 0.1811 0.17278 0.16519 0.15826 0.15189 0.14602 0.14059 0.13555 0.13086 0.12648 0.12239 0.11856 0.11496 0.11157 0.10838 0.10537 0.10251 0.099813 0.097251 0.094818 0.092503 0.090299

4.5251 4.7176 4.9871 5.2549 5.5218 5.7879 6.0535 6.3187 6.5837 6.8484 7.113 7.3775 7.6419 7.9062 8.1704 8.4346 8.6987 8.9627 9.2268 9.4908 9.7547 10.019 10.283 10.547 10.81 11.074

41

42

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table D.3C Isobaric Data for P ⴝ 0.070 MPa T (K)

P (MPa)

r (kg/m3)

v (m3/kg)

u (kJ/kg)

h (kJ/kg)

s (kJ/kg⭈K)

363.08 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860

0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07

0.42287 0.40301 0.38205 0.3633 0.3464 0.33106 0.31706 0.30422 0.2924 0.28147 0.27134 0.26193 0.25314 0.24494 0.23725 0.23003 0.22324 0.21685 0.2108 0.20509 0.19968 0.19455 0.18968 0.18504 0.18063 0.17643

2.3648 2.4813 2.6175 2.7525 2.8868 3.0206 3.154 3.2871 3.42 3.5528 3.6854 3.8179 3.9503 4.0827 4.215 4.3472 4.4794 4.6116 4.7437 4.8758 5.0079 5.14 5.2721 5.4041 5.5361 5.6681

2493.9 2519.9 2550.0 2579.9 2609.7 2639.6 2669.5 2699.6 2729.9 2760.3 2790.9 2821.8 2852.9 2884.2 2915.8 2947.6 2979.6 3012.0 3044.5 3077.4 3110.5 3143.9 3177.5 3211.5 3245.7 3280.1

2659.4 2693.5 2733.2 2772.6 2811.8 2851.0 2890.3 2929.7 2969.3 3009.0 3048.9 3089.0 3129.4 3170.0 3210.8 3251.9 3293.2 3334.8 3376.6 3418.7 3461.1 3503.7 3546.6 3589.7 3633.2 3676.9

7.479 7.5709 7.6727 7.7687 7.8599 7.9471 8.0307 8.1111 8.1886 8.2636 8.3362 8.4066 8.475 8.5416 8.6064 8.6696 8.7312 8.7915 8.8504 8.9081 8.9645 9.0199 9.0742 9.1275 9.1798 9.2313

Table D.3D Isobaric Data for P ⴝ 0.100 MPa T (K)

P (MPa)

r (kg/m3)

v (m3/kg)

u (kJ/kg)

h (kJ/kg)

s (kJ/kg⭈K)

372.76 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880

0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

0.59034 0.57824 0.54761 0.52038 0.49592 0.47378 0.45361 0.43514 0.41815 0.40247 0.38794 0.37444 0.36185 0.3501 0.33909 0.32876 0.31904 0.30988 0.30124 0.29307 0.28533 0.27799 0.27102 0.2644 0.25809 0.25207 0.24633

1.6939 1.7294 1.8261 1.9217 2.0165 2.1107 2.2045 2.2981 2.3915 2.4847 2.5777 2.6707 2.7635 2.8563 2.9491 3.0418 3.1344 3.227 3.3196 3.4122 3.5047 3.5972 3.6897 3.7822 3.8747 3.9671 4.0595

2505.6 2517.0 2547.8 2578.2 2608.3 2638.4 2668.5 2698.7 2729.1 2759.6 2790.3 2821.3 2852.4 2883.8 2915.4 2947.2 2979.3 3011.7 3044.3 3077.1 3110.3 3143.6 3177.3 3211.3 3245.5 3280.0 3314.7

2674.9 2689.9 2730.4 2770.3 2810.0 2849.5 2889.0 2928.6 2968.2 3008.1 3048.1 3088.3 3128.8 3169.4 3210.3 3251.4 3292.8 3334.4 3376.2 3418.3 3460.7 3503.4 3546.3 3589.5 3632.9 3676.7 3720.7

7.3588 7.3986 7.5025 7.5999 7.6921 7.7799 7.864 7.9447 8.0226 8.0978 8.1705 8.2411 8.3096 8.3763 8.4411 8.5044 8.5661 8.6264 8.6854 8.7431 8.7996 8.855 8.9093 8.9626 9.015 9.0665 9.1171

Appendix D

Thermodynamic Properties of H 2 O

Table D.3E Isobaric Data for P ⫽ 0.150 MPa T (K)

P (MPa)

r (kg/m3)

v (m3/kg)

u (kJ/kg)

h (kJ/kg)

s (kJ/kg⭈K)

384.5 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900

0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15

0.8626 0.82612 0.78408 0.74658 0.71278 0.6821 0.65407 0.62835 0.60463 0.58268 0.5623 0.54333 0.52562 0.50903 0.49348 0.47886 0.46508 0.45209 0.4398 0.42817 0.41714 0.40667 0.39671 0.38724 0.3782 0.36958 0.36135

1.1593 1.2105 1.2754 1.3394 1.403 1.4661 1.5289 1.5915 1.6539 1.7162 1.7784 1.8405 1.9025 1.9645 2.0264 2.0883 2.1502 2.212 2.2738 2.3355 2.3973 2.459 2.5207 2.5824 2.6441 2.7058 2.7674

2519.2 2544.0 2575.2 2605.9 2636.4 2666.9 2697.3 2727.8 2758.5 2789.4 2820.4 2851.6 2883.1 2914.7 2946.6 2978.8 3011.1 3043.8 3076.7 3109.8 3143.3 3177.0 3210.9 3245.1 3279.7 3314.4 3349.5

2693.1 2725.6 2766.5 2806.8 2846.9 2886.8 2926.6 2966.6 3006.6 3046.8 3087.1 3127.7 3168.4 3209.4 3250.6 3292.0 3333.7 3375.6 3417.7 3460.2 3502.9 3545.8 3589.0 3632.5 3676.3 3720.3 3764.6

7.223 7.3058 7.4057 7.4995 7.5884 7.6733 7.7547 7.833 7.9086 7.9816 8.0524 8.1212 8.188 8.253 8.3164 8.3782 8.4386 8.4976 8.5554 8.6119 8.6674 8.7217 8.7751 8.8275 8.879 8.9296 8.9794

Table D.3F Isobaric Data for P ⫽ 0.300 MPa T (K)

P (MPa)

r (kg/m3)

v (m3/kg)

u (kJ/kg)

h (kJ/kg)

s (kJ/kg⭈K)

406.67 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920

0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

1.6508 1.5906 1.5101 1.4387 1.3746 1.3165 1.2635 1.2149 1.17 1.1285 1.09 1.0541 1.0205 0.98904 0.95951 0.93173 0.90553 0.88079 0.85738 0.8352 0.81415 0.79414 0.7751 0.75696 0.73966 0.72314 0.70734

0.60576 0.62868 0.6622 0.69507 0.72749 0.75958 0.79144 0.82312 0.85467 0.8861 0.91744 0.94871 0.97992 1.0111 1.0422 1.0733 1.1043 1.1353 1.1663 1.1973 1.2283 1.2592 1.2901 1.3211 1.352 1.3829 1.4138

2543.2 2565.8 2598.4 2630.3 2661.7 2692.9 2724.0 2755.2 2786.4 2817.7 2849.2 2880.9 2912.7 2944.8 2977.1 3009.6 3042.4 3075.3 3108.6 3142.1 3175.9 3209.9 3244.2 3278.7 3313.6 3348.7 3384.1

2724.9 2754.4 2797.1 2838.8 2879.9 2920.8 2961.5 3002.1 3042.8 3083.6 3124.4 3165.5 3206.7 3248.1 3289.7 3331.6 3373.6 3416.0 3458.5 3501.3 3544.3 3587.6 3631.2 3675.1 3719.2 3763.5 3808.2

6.9916 7.063 7.1623 7.255 7.3426 7.426 7.5057 7.5824 7.6564 7.7279 7.7973 7.8646 7.93 7.9937 8.0558 8.1165 8.1757 8.2337 8.2904 8.346 8.4005 8.4539 8.5064 8.558 8.6087 8.6586 8.7076

43

44

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table D.3G Isobaric Data for P ⫽ 0.50 MPa T (K)

P (MPa)

r (kg/m3)

v (m3/kg)

u (kJ/kg)

h (kJ/kg)

s (kJ/kg⭈K)

424.98 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940

0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

2.668 2.5579 2.429 2.3153 2.2135 2.1215 2.0376 1.9607 1.8898 1.8242 1.7631 1.7063 1.6531 1.6032 1.5564 1.5123 1.4706 1.4313 1.394 1.3587 1.3252 1.2932 1.2629 1.2339 1.2062 1.1798 1.1545

0.37481 0.39095 0.41169 0.43191 0.45176 0.47136 0.491 0.510 0.529 0.548 0.567 0.586 0.605 0.624 0.643 0.661 0.680 0.699 0.717 0.736 0.755 0.77325 0.79186 0.81045 0.82904 0.84762 0.86619

2560.7 2587.6 2621.6 2654.5 2686.8 2718.8 2750.6 2782.4 2814.1 2846.0 2878.0 2910.1 2942.4 2974.8 3007.5 3040.4 3073.6 3106.9 3140.5 3174.4 3208.5 3242.9 3277.5 3312.4 3347.6 3383.0 3418.7

2748.1 2783.1 2827.4 2870.5 2912.7 2954.5 2996.0 3037.4 3078.7 3120.1 3161.5 3203.1 3244.8 3286.7 3328.8 3371.1 3413.5 3456.3 3499.2 3542.4 3585.8 3629.5 3673.4 3717.6 3762.1 3806.8 3851.8

6.8207 6.9015 7.0001 7.0917 7.1779 7.2599 7.3382 7.4134 7.486 7.5561 7.6241 7.6901 7.7542 7.8168 7.8777 7.9373 7.9955 8.0524 8.1082 8.1629 8.2165 8.2691 8.3208 8.3716 8.4216 8.4708 8.5191

Table D.3H Isobaric Data for P ⫽ 0.70 MPa T (K)

P (MPa)

r (kg/m3)

v (m3/kg)

u (kJ/kg)

h (kJ/kg)

s (kJ/kg⭈K)

438.1 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940

0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

3.666 3.6453 3.4477 3.2775 3.1274 2.9929 2.8712 2.7603 2.6585 2.5645 2.4775 2.3965 2.3209 2.2502 2.1839 2.1215 2.0626 2.0071 1.9545 1.9047 1.8575 1.8125 1.7697 1.729 1.6901 1.6529 1.6174

0.27277 0.27433 0.29005 0.30511 0.31976 0.33413 0.34828 0.36228 0.37616 0.38994 0.40364 0.41728 0.43086 0.4444 0.4579 0.47137 0.48481 0.49823 0.51163 0.52501 0.53837 0.55172 0.56505 0.57838 0.59169 0.60499 0.61829

2571.8 2575.5 2612.3 2647.0 2680.5 2713.4 2745.9 2778.3 2810.5 2842.7 2875.0 2907.4 2939.9 2972.6 3005.4 3038.5 3071.8 3105.3 3139.0 3172.9 3207.1 3241.6 3276.3 3311.3 3346.5 3382.0 3417.7

2762.8 2767.6 2815.3 2860.5 2904.3 2947.3 2989.7 3031.9 3073.8 3115.7 3157.6 3199.5 3241.5 3283.7 3326.0 3368.5 3411.1 3454.0 3497.1 3540.4 3584.0 3627.8 3671.8 3716.1 3760.7 3805.5 3850.5

6.7071 6.718 6.8242 6.9204 7.0099 7.0941 7.1742 7.2508 7.3244 7.3953 7.464 7.5306 7.5952 7.6582 7.7195 7.7793 7.8378 7.895 7.9509 8.0058 8.0595 8.1123 8.1641 8.215 8.2651 8.3143 8.3628

Appendix D

Thermodynamic Properties of H 2 O

Table D.3I Isobaric Data for P ⫽ 1.0 MPa T (K)

P (MPa)

r (kg/m3)

v (m3/kg)

u (kJ/kg)

h (kJ/kg)

s (kJ/kg⭈ K)

453.03 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

5.145 5.0376 4.7658 4.5323 4.3268 4.1431 3.9771 3.8258 3.6871 3.5591 3.4404 3.33 3.227 3.1305 3.04 2.9547 2.8744 2.7984 2.7265 2.6583 2.5936 2.532 2.4733 2.4174 2.3639 2.3129 2.264

0.19436 0.19851 0.20983 0.22064 0.23112 0.24137 0.25144 0.26138 0.27122 0.28097 0.29066 0.3003 0.30988 0.31943 0.32895 0.33844 0.3479 0.35734 0.36677 0.37618 0.38557 0.39495 0.40432 0.41367 0.42302 0.43236 0.4417

2582.7 2597.0 2634.9 2670.6 2705.0 2738.7 2772.0 2804.9 2837.7 2870.5 2903.3 2936.2 2969.2 3002.3 3035.6 3069.1 3102.7 3136.6 3170.7 3205.1 3239.6 3274.4 3309.5 3344.8 3380.4 3416.3 3452.4

2777.1 2795.5 2844.7 2891.2 2936.1 2980.1 3023.4 3066.3 3109.0 3151.5 3194.0 3236.5 3279.1 3321.7 3364.5 3407.5 3450.6 3494.0 3537.5 3581.2 3625.2 3669.4 3713.8 3758.5 3803.4 3848.6 3894.1

6.585 6.6253 6.7301 6.825 6.9131 6.996 7.0748 7.1501 7.2224 7.2921 7.3596 7.425 7.4885 7.5504 7.6107 7.6695 7.727 7.7833 7.8384 7.8924 7.9454 7.9974 8.0484 8.0986 8.148 8.1966 8.2444

Table D.3J Isobaric Data for P ⫽ 1.5 MPa T (K)

P (MPa)

r (kg/m3)

v (m3/kg)

u (kJ/kg)

h (kJ/kg)

s (kJ/kg⭈K)

471.44 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980

1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5

7.5924 7.3885 6.9775 6.629 6.3249 6.0549 5.8121 5.5915 5.3897 5.2039 5.0319 4.8721 4.7231 4.5836 4.4527 4.3295 4.2133 4.1036 3.9997 3.9011 3.8075 3.7184 3.6335 3.5525 3.4752 3.4013 3.3305

0.13171 0.13534 0.14332 0.15085 0.1581 0.16515 0.17206 0.17884 0.18554 0.19216 0.19873 0.20525 0.21173 0.21817 0.22458 0.23097 0.23734 0.24369 0.25002 0.25634 0.26264 0.26893 0.27522 0.28149 0.28775 0.29401 0.30026

2593.4 2612.3 2652.6 2690.1 2726.1 2761.0 2795.3 2829.2 2862.9 2896.4 2929.9 2963.4 2997.0 3030.7 3064.5 3098.5 3132.7 3167.0 3201.6 3236.4 3271.4 3306.6 3342.1 3377.8 3413.8 3450.0 3486.5

2791.0 2815.3 2867.6 2916.4 2963.2 3008.8 3053.4 3097.5 3141.2 3184.7 3228.0 3271.3 3314.6 3358.0 3401.4 3445.0 3488.7 3532.6 3576.6 3620.9 3665.3 3710.0 3754.9 3800.0 3845.4 3891.0 3936.9

6.443 6.4942 6.6009 6.6967 6.7851 6.8678 6.9462 7.0209 7.0925 7.1616 7.2282 7.2929 7.3556 7.4167 7.4762 7.5343 7.5911 7.6466 7.701 7.7543 7.8066 7.858 7.9084 7.958 8.0068 8.0548 8.1021

45

46

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table D.3K Isobaric Data for P ⴝ 2.0 MPa T (K)

P (MPa)

r (kg/m3)

v (m3/kg)

u (kJ/kg)

h (kJ/kg)

s (kJ/kg⭈K)

485.53 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 1000

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

10.042 9.5781 9.0447 8.5934 8.2008 7.853 7.5406 7.2573 6.9983 6.7599 6.5395 6.3346 6.1436 5.9648 5.7969 5.639 5.4901 5.3493 5.2159 5.0894 4.9691 4.8547 4.7456 4.6415 4.5421 4.4469 4.3558

0.099585 0.10441 0.11056 0.11637 0.12194 0.12734 0.13262 0.13779 0.14289 0.14793 0.15292 0.15786 0.16277 0.16765 0.1725 0.17734 0.18215 0.18694 0.19172 0.19649 0.20124 0.20599 0.21072 0.21545 0.22016 0.22488 0.22958

2599.1 2632.6 2674.0 2712.6 2749.5 2785.3 2820.4 2855.0 2889.4 2923.5 2957.6 2991.6 3025.8 3059.9 3094.2 3128.7 3163.3 3198.1 3233.1 3268.3 3303.7 3339.3 3375.2 3411.3 3447.6 3484.2 3521.1

2798.3 2841.4 2895.1 2945.4 2993.4 3040.0 3085.6 3130.6 3175.1 3219.4 3263.4 3307.4 3351.3 3395.2 3439.3 3483.4 3527.6 3572.0 3616.5 3661.2 3706.1 3751.3 3796.6 3842.2 3887.9 3934.0 3980.2

6.339 6.4265 6.5319 6.6267 6.7141 6.7959 6.8732 6.947 7.0176 7.0857 7.1514 7.2151 7.277 7.3372 7.3959 7.4532 7.5092 7.564 7.6176 7.6702 7.7219 7.7726 7.8224 7.8714 7.9196 7.967 8.0137

Table D.3L Isobaric Data for P ⴝ 3.0 MPa T (K)

P (MPa)

r (kg/m3)

v (m3/kg)

u (kJ/kg)

h (kJ/kg)

s (kJ/kg⭈K)

507 520 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 1000 1020

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

15.001 14.309 13.442 12.729 12.119 11.587 11.113 10.687 10.299 9.9443 9.6174 9.3147 9.033 8.77 8.5236 8.292 8.0738 7.8678 7.6729 7.488 7.3124 7.1454 6.9863 6.8344 6.6893 6.5506 6.4177

0.066664 0.069888 0.074391 0.078561 0.082512 0.086307 0.089986 0.093576 0.097096 0.10056 0.10398 0.10736 0.1107 0.11403 0.11732 0.1206 0.12386 0.1271 0.13033 0.13355 0.13675 0.13995 0.14314 0.14632 0.14949 0.15266 0.15582

2603.2 2637.1 2682.9 2724.7 2764.1 2801.9 2838.7 2874.7 2910.3 2945.6 2980.7 3015.7 3050.6 3085.6 3120.6 3155.8 3191.0 3226.4 3262.0 3297.8 3333.7 3369.9 3406.2 3442.8 3479.7 3516.7 3554.0

2803.2 2846.7 2906.1 2960.4 3011.6 3060.8 3108.6 3155.5 3201.6 3247.3 3292.6 3337.7 3382.7 3427.7 3472.6 3517.6 3562.6 3607.7 3653.0 3698.4 3744.0 3789.7 3835.7 3881.8 3928.1 3974.7 4021.5

6.1856 6.2704 6.3825 6.4812 6.5712 6.6546 6.733 6.8073 6.8783 6.9465 7.0122 7.0758 7.1374 7.1973 7.2557 7.3126 7.3682 7.4226 7.4758 7.528 7.5792 7.6295 7.6789 7.7275 7.7752 7.8223 7.8686

Appendix D

Thermodynamic Properties of H 2 O

Table D.3M Isobaric Data for P ⴝ 4.0 MPa T (K)

P (MPa)

r (kg/m3)

v (m3/kg)

u (kJ/kg)

h (kJ/kg)

s (kJ/kg⭈K)

523.5 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 1000 1020 1040

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

20.09 18.831 17.642 16.675 15.857 15.147 14.52 13.958 13.449 12.985 12.558 12.163 11.796 11.454 11.134 10.833 10.55 10.283 10.03 9.791 9.5636 9.3473 9.1412 8.9446 8.7568 8.5771 8.405

0.049776 0.053103 0.056683 0.05997 0.063063 0.066018 0.069 0.072 0.074 0.077 0.080 0.082 0.085 0.087 0.090 0.092 0.095 0.097 0.100 0.102 0.105 0.10698 0.10939 0.1118 0.1142 0.11659 0.11898

2601.7 2648.4 2696.9 2740.9 2782.1 2821.4 2859.4 2896.6 2933.2 2969.4 3005.4 3041.1 3076.8 3112.5 3148.2 3183.9 3219.7 3255.7 3291.8 3328.1 3364.5 3401.2 3438.0 3475.1 3512.4 3549.9 3587.6

2800.8 2860.8 2923.7 2980.8 3034.3 3085.4 3134.9 3183.2 3230.6 3277.5 3323.9 3370.0 3415.9 3461.7 3507.4 3553.1 3598.9 3644.7 3690.6 3736.6 3782.8 3829.1 3875.6 3922.3 3969.1 4016.2 4063.5

6.0696 6.1824 6.2968 6.397 6.4878 6.5716 6.6501 6.7244 6.7953 6.8632 6.9285 6.9917 7.0529 7.1124 7.1702 7.2267 7.2818 7.3357 7.3885 7.4402 7.4909 7.5407 7.5897 7.6378 7.6851 7.7317 7.7776

Table D.3N Isobaric Data for P ⴝ 6.0 MPa T (K) 548.73 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 1000 1020 1040 1060

P (MPa)

r (kg/m3)

v (m3/kg)

u (kJ/kg)

h (kJ/kg)

s (kJ/kg⭈K)

6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6

30.818 29.166 26.947 25.247 23.865 22.697 21.686 20.795 19.998 19.277 18.62 18.017 17.46 16.943 16.461 16.01 15.587 15.188 14.812 14.457 14.119 13.799 13.494 13.204 12.927 12.662 12.409

0.032448 0.034287 0.03711 0.039608 0.041903 0.044058 0.046112 0.048089 0.050006 0.051875 0.053706 0.055504 0.057274 0.059022 0.06075 0.062461 0.064157 0.06584 0.067512 0.069173 0.070825 0.072469 0.074105 0.075735 0.077358 0.078977 0.08059

2589.9 2629.1 2687.2 2737.6 2783.5 2826.5 2867.5 2907.2 2945.9 2984.0 3021.5 3058.7 3095.7 3132.6 3169.4 3206.1 3242.9 3279.8 3316.7 3353.8 3391.0 3428.4 3465.9 3503.6 3541.5 3579.6 3617.9

2784.6 2834.8 2909.8 2975.2 3034.9 3090.8 3144.2 3195.7 3246.0 3295.2 3343.8 3391.8 3439.4 3486.7 3533.9 3580.9 3627.9 3674.8 3721.8 3768.8 3815.9 3863.2 3910.5 3958.0 4005.6 4053.4 4101.4

5.8901 5.9807 6.1125 6.2233 6.3211 6.4099 6.4921 6.569 6.6418 6.7112 6.7777 6.8417 6.9036 6.9635 7.0217 7.0784 7.1336 7.1876 7.2404 7.2921 7.3427 7.3924 7.4413 7.4892 7.5364 7.5828 7.6285

47

48

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table D.3O Isobaric Data for P ⴝ 8.0 MPa T (K) 568.16 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080

P (MPa)

r (kg/m3)

v (m3/kg)

u (kJ/kg)

h (kJ/kg)

s (kJ/kg⭈K)

8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

42.507 39.647 36.218 33.704 31.713 30.065 28.658 27.431 26.343 25.367 24.482 23.673 22.929 22.242 21.602 21.006 20.447 19.922 19.427 18.96 18.517 18.097 17.698 17.318 16.956 16.61 16.279

0.023526 0.025223 0.027611 0.02967 0.031532 0.033261 0.034894 0.036455 0.037961 0.039422 0.040847 0.042242 0.043612 0.044961 0.046292 0.047606 0.048907 0.050196 0.051475 0.052744 0.054004 0.055257 0.056503 0.057742 0.058976 0.060205 0.06143

2570.5 2619.0 2684.7 2740.2 2789.9 2835.8 2879.3 2921.0 2961.5 3001.1 3040.0 3078.5 3116.6 3154.5 3192.3 3229.9 3267.6 3305.2 3342.9 3380.7 3418.6 3456.6 3494.7 3533.1 3571.5 3610.2 3649.0

2758.7 2820.7 2905.6 2977.6 3042.1 3101.9 3158.4 3212.6 3265.2 3316.5 3366.8 3416.4 3465.5 3514.2 3562.6 3610.8 3658.8 3706.8 3754.7 3802.6 3850.6 3898.6 3946.8 3995.0 4043.3 4091.8 4140.5

5.745 5.8531 5.9971 6.1151 6.2176 6.3096 6.394 6.4726 6.5466 6.6168 6.6839 6.7484 6.8105 6.8706 6.9289 6.9856 7.0409 7.0948 7.1474 7.199 7.2495 7.299 7.3476 7.3953 7.4423 7.4885 7.5339

Table D.3P Isobaric Data for P ⴝ 10.0 MPa T (K) 584.15 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100

P (MPa)

r (kg/m3)

v (m3/kg)

u (kJ/kg)

h (kJ/kg)

s (kJ/kg⭈K)

10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

55.463 49.773 45.151 41.84 39.259 37.145 35.355 33.804 32.437 31.215 30.112 29.107 28.185 27.335 26.546 25.81 25.123 24.478 23.87 23.297 22.755 22.241 21.752 21.287 20.844 20.421 20.017

0.01803 0.020091 0.022148 0.0239 0.025472 0.026922 0.028285 0.029582 0.030829 0.032036 0.033209 0.034356 0.035479 0.036584 0.037671 0.038744 0.039804 0.040854 0.041893 0.042924 0.043947 0.044963 0.045972 0.046976 0.047975 0.048969 0.049959

2545.2 2619.1 2689.7 2748.7 2801.1 2849.2 2894.5 2937.8 2979.7 3020.6 3060.7 3100.2 3139.3 3178.1 3216.7 3255.1 3293.5 3331.9 3370.3 3408.7 3447.2 3485.8 3524.6 3563.4 3602.5 3641.6 3681.0

2725.5 2820.0 2911.2 2987.7 3055.8 3118.4 3177.4 3233.7 3288.0 3341.0 3392.8 3443.7 3494.1 3543.9 3593.4 3642.6 3691.6 3740.4 3789.2 3837.9 3886.7 3935.5 3984.3 4033.2 4082.2 4131.3 4180.6

5.616 5.7756 5.9253 6.0468 6.1516 6.2451 6.3305 6.4098 6.4843 6.5549 6.6222 6.6867 6.7489 6.8089 6.8671 6.9237 6.9787 7.0324 7.0849 7.1362 7.1864 7.2357 7.284 7.3315 7.3782 7.4241 7.4693

Appendix D

Thermodynamic Properties of H 2 O

Table D.3Q Isobaric Data for P ⴝ 12.0 MPa T (K) 597.83 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100

P (MPa)

r (kg/m3)

v (m3/kg)

u (kJ/kg)

h (kJ/kg)

s (kJ/kg⭈ K)

12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12

70.106 68.549 59.113 53.502 49.499 46.392 43.857 41.718 39.87 38.245 36.796 35.49 34.303 33.215 32.213 31.284 30.419 29.611 28.853 28.14 27.468 26.832 26.229 25.657 25.112 24.593 24.098

0.014264 0.014588 0.016917 0.018691 0.020202 0.021555 0.022801 0.023971 0.025082 0.026147 0.027177 0.028177 0.029152 0.030107 0.031044 0.031966 0.032874 0.033771 0.034658 0.035536 0.036406 0.037269 0.038126 0.038976 0.039821 0.040662 0.041498

2514.3 2528.8 2628.8 2701.7 2762.6 2816.6 2866.3 2912.9 2957.4 3000.4 3042.3 3083.3 3123.7 3163.6 3203.2 3242.5 3281.7 3320.7 3359.7 3398.7 3437.8 3476.9 3516.0 3555.3 3594.7 3634.2 3673.9

2685.4 2703.8 2831.8 2926.0 3005.0 3075.3 3139.9 3200.5 3258.4 3314.2 3368.4 3421.4 3473.5 3524.9 3575.7 3626.1 3676.2 3726.0 3775.6 3825.2 3874.6 3924.1 3973.5 4023.0 4072.5 4122.1 4171.8

5.4939 5.5247 5.7346 5.8843 6.0059 6.1108 6.2045 6.2899 6.3692 6.4436 6.514 6.5811 6.6454 6.7073 6.7671 6.8251 6.8813 6.9361 6.9895 7.0416 7.0926 7.1425 7.1915 7.2395 7.2867 7.3331 7.3787

Table D.3R Isobaric Data for P ⴝ 14.0 MPa T (K) 609.82 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100 1120

P (MPa)

r (kg/m3)

v (m3/kg)

u (kJ/kg)

h (kJ/kg)

s (kJ/kg⭈ K)

14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14

87.069 77.66 67.43 61.128 56.586 53.047 50.153 47.711 45.602 43.747 42.094 40.605 39.252 38.012 36.871 35.813 34.829 33.91 33.048 32.237 31.472 30.749 30.064 29.414 28.795 28.205 27.641

0.011485 0.012877 0.01483 0.016359 0.017672 0.018851 0.019939 0.020959 0.021929 0.022859 0.023756 0.024628 0.025477 0.026307 0.027122 0.027923 0.028712 0.02949 0.030259 0.03102 0.031774 0.032521 0.033262 0.033998 0.034729 0.035455 0.036178

2477.1 2549.9 2646.6 2719.6 2781.1 2836.0 2886.5 2934.1 2979.5 3023.3 3066.0 3107.7 3148.8 3189.5 3229.7 3269.7 3309.5 3349.1 3388.7 3428.2 3467.8 3507.4 3547.1 3586.8 3626.7 3666.7 3706.8

2637.9 2730.1 2854.2 2948.6 3028.5 3099.9 3165.7 3227.5 3286.5 3343.3 3398.5 3452.5 3505.5 3557.8 3609.4 3660.6 3711.4 3762.0 3812.3 3862.5 3912.6 3962.7 4012.8 4062.8 4112.9 4163.1 4213.3

5.3727 5.5229 5.72 5.8653 5.9847 6.0882 6.1808 6.2655 6.3441 6.418 6.4879 6.5545 6.6184 6.6799 6.7392 6.7967 6.8526 6.9069 6.96 7.0117 7.0623 7.1119 7.1605 7.2082 7.255 7.301 7.3463

49

50

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table D.3S Isobaric Data for P ⴝ 16.0 MPa T (K)

P (MPa)

r (kg/m3)

v (m3/kg)

u (kJ/kg)

h (kJ/kg)

s (kJ/kg⭈K)

620.5 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140

16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16

107.42 85.058 74.683 67.984 63.065 59.195 56.014 53.32 50.988 48.935 47.103 45.452 43.951 42.576 41.308 40.134 39.042 38.021 37.063 36.163 35.313 34.51 33.749 33.026 32.338 31.682 31.056

0.009309 0.011757 0.01339 0.014709 0.015857 0.016893 0.017853 0.018755 0.019613 0.020435 0.021230 0.022001 0.022753 0.023488 0.024208 0.024916 0.025614 0.026301 0.026981 0.027653 0.028318 0.028977 0.029631 0.030279 0.030924 0.031564 0.0322

2431.8 2579.1 2670.5 2742.1 2803.5 2858.6 2909.6 2957.7 3003.7 3048.1 3091.4 3133.8 3175.5 3216.7 3257.5 3298.0 3338.3 3378.5 3418.6 3458.7 3498.8 3538.8 3579.0 3619.2 3659.5 3700.0 3740.5

2580.8 2767.2 2884.8 2977.5 3057.2 3128.9 3195.3 3257.8 3317.5 3375.1 3431.1 3485.8 3539.5 3592.5 3644.8 3696.7 3748.2 3799.4 3850.3 3901.1 3951.8 4002.5 4053.1 4103.7 4154.3 4205.0 4255.7

5.2463 5.5427 5.7237 5.8622 5.9778 6.0788 6.1697 6.253 6.3306 6.4035 6.4726 6.5386 6.6018 6.6627 6.7215 6.7785 6.8338 6.8877 6.9403 6.9916 7.0418 7.091 7.1391 7.1864 7.2329 7.2785 7.3235

Table D.3T Isobaric Data for P ⴝ 18.0 MPa T (K) 630.14 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140

P (MPa)

r (kg/m3)

v (m3/kg)

u (kJ/kg)

h (kJ/kg)

s (kJ/kg⭈ K)

18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

133.3 110 91.08 80.955 74.095 68.943 64.839 61.439 58.544 56.029 53.809 51.825 50.034 48.403 46.908 45.529 44.251 43.06 41.948 40.904 39.922 38.995 38.118 37.287 36.497 35.745 35.029

0.0075017 0.0090911 0.010979 0.012353 0.013496 0.014505 0.015423 0.016276 0.017081 0.017848 0.018584 0.019296 0.019986 0.02066 0.021318 0.021964 0.022598 0.023223 0.023839 0.024448 0.025049 0.025645 0.026234 0.026819 0.0274 0.027976 0.028548

2374.8 2489.2 2613.3 2698.9 2768.4 2829.0 2883.9 2935.0 2983.4 3029.8 3074.7 3118.4 3161.3 3203.5 3245.2 3286.5 3327.5 3368.3 3409.0 3449.5 3490.0 3530.6 3571.1 3611.7 3652.3 3693.1 3733.9

2509.8 2652.8 2810.9 2921.2 3011.3 3090.1 3161.6 3228.0 3290.9 3351.0 3409.2 3465.7 3521.0 3575.3 3628.9 3681.8 3734.3 3786.3 3838.1 3889.6 3940.9 3992.2 4043.3 4094.4 4145.5 4196.6 4247.8

5.1061 5.3314 5.5749 5.7397 5.8704 5.9813 6.0793 6.1679 6.2495 6.3257 6.3975 6.4656 6.5307 6.5931 6.6533 6.7115 6.7679 6.8227 6.876 6.9281 6.9789 7.0286 7.0774 7.1251 7.172 7.2181 7.2633

Appendix D

Thermodynamic Properties of H 2 O

Table D.3U Isobaric Data for P ⴝ 20.0 MPa T (K)

P (MPa)

r (kg/m3)

v (m3/kg)

u (kJ/kg)

h (kJ/kg)

s (kJ/kg⭈K)

638.9 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

170.5 160.5 112.09 96.059 86.38 79.525 74.257 70.002 66.444 63.396 60.736 58.379 56.268 54.357 52.615 51.015 49.538 48.168 46.891 45.696 44.574 43.518 42.521 41.577 40.682 39.831 39.021

0.005865 0.006231 0.008921 0.01041 0.011577 0.012575 0.013467 0.014285 0.01505 0.015774 0.016465 0.017129 0.017772 0.018397 0.019006 0.019602 0.020186 0.020761 0.021326 0.021884 0.022435 0.022979 0.023518 0.024052 0.024581 0.025106 0.025627

2295.0 2328.4 2543.7 2650.1 2730.2 2797.4 2857.0 2911.5 2962.5 3010.9 3057.5 3102.7 3146.8 3190.1 3232.7 3274.8 3316.5 3358.0 3399.2 3440.3 3481.3 3522.2 3563.2 3604.1 3645.1 3686.1 3727.3

2412.3 2453.0 2722.1 2858.3 2961.8 3048.9 3126.3 3197.2 3263.5 3326.4 3386.8 3445.3 3502.2 3558.0 3612.8 3666.8 3720.2 3773.2 3825.7 3878.0 3930.0 3981.8 4033.5 4085.1 4136.7 4188.3 4239.8

4.9314 4.995 5.4104 5.6139 5.7639 5.8867 5.9927 6.0872 6.1733 6.253 6.3276 6.398 6.465 6.5291 6.5907 6.6501 6.7075 6.7633 6.8174 6.8702 6.9217 6.972 7.0213 7.0695 7.1168 7.1633 7.2089

Table D.3V Isobaric Data for P ⴝ 26.0 MPa (Supercritical) T (K)

P (MPa)

r (kg/m3)

v (m3/kg)

u (kJ/kg)

h (kJ/kg)

s (kJ/kg⭈K)

660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200

26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26

365.88 167.08 134.79 118.02 106.98 98.863 92.512 87.325 82.963 79.211 75.927 73.015 70.403 68.039 65.882 63.902 62.074 60.378 58.797 57.318 55.93 54.623 53.389 52.222 51.115 50.062 49.06 48.104

0.002733 0.005985 0.007419 0.008473 0.009348 0.010115 0.010809 0.011451 0.012054 0.012625 0.01317 0.013696 0.014204 0.014697 0.015179 0.015649 0.01611 0.016562 0.017008 0.017447 0.01788 0.018307 0.01873 0.019149 0.019564 0.019975 0.020383 0.020788

2010.9 2448.8 2591.2 2688.8 2767.2 2834.6 2895.3 2951.2 3003.7 3053.7 3101.9 3148.6 3194.2 3239.0 3283.0 3326.5 3369.5 3412.2 3454.7 3497.0 3539.2 3581.2 3623.3 3665.3 3707.3 3749.4 3791.5 3833.7

2082.0 2604.4 2784.1 2909.1 3010.2 3097.6 3176.3 3248.9 3317.1 3382.0 3444.3 3504.7 3563.5 3621.1 3677.6 3733.3 3788.4 3842.9 3896.9 3950.6 4004.0 4057.2 4110.2 4163.1 4216.0 4268.7 4321.4 4374.2

4.386 5.1692 5.43 5.6062 5.7447 5.8613 5.9635 6.0554 6.1396 6.2178 6.2912 6.3606 6.4267 6.4899 6.5507 6.6094 6.6661 6.7211 6.7747 6.8268 6.8777 6.9274 6.976 7.0237 7.0704 7.1163 7.1614 7.2057

51

52

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table D.3W Isobaric Data for P ⴝ 28.0 MPa (Supercritical) T (K)

P (MPa)

r (kg/m3)

v (m3/kg)

u (kJ/kg)

h (kJ/kg)

s (kJ/kgⴢK)

660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200

28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28

455.47 210.73 157.04 133.92 119.74 109.74 102.1 95.978 90.896 86.571 82.818 79.511 76.563 73.906 71.494 69.286 67.254 65.374 63.626 61.994 60.465 59.029 57.675 56.395 55.183 54.033 52.938 51.895

0.0021955 0.0047453 0.0063676 0.0074672 0.0083511 0.0091127 0.0097942 0.010419 0.011002 0.011551 0.012075 0.012577 0.013061 0.013531 0.013987 0.014433 0.014869 0.015297 0.015717 0.016131 0.016538 0.016941 0.017339 0.017732 0.018121 0.018507 0.01889 0.01927

1897.4 2347.1 2533.7 2647.0 2733.9 2806.9 2871.3 2930.1 2984.9 3036.8 3086.5 3134.5 3181.1 3226.8 3271.6 3315.8 3359.5 3402.8 3445.8 3488.5 3531.1 3573.6 3615.9 3658.3 3700.6 3743.0 3785.3 3827.8

1958.9 2480.0 2712.0 2856.1 2967.7 3062.0 3145.6 3221.9 3293.0 3360.2 3424.6 3486.6 3546.8 3605.6 3663.2 3719.9 3775.8 3831.1 3885.8 3940.2 3994.2 4047.9 4101.4 4154.8 4208.0 4261.2 4314.3 4367.3

4.1923 4.9705 5.3072 5.5104 5.6634 5.7892 5.8977 5.9943 6.0821 6.1632 6.2389 6.3102 6.3779 6.4425 6.5044 6.5641 6.6217 6.6775 6.7318 6.7845 6.8359 6.8862 6.9353 6.9833 7.0304 7.0767 7.122 7.1666

Table D.3X Isobaric Data for P ⴝ 32.0 MPa (Supercritical) T (K)

P (MPa)

r (kg/m3)

v (m3/kg)

u (kJ/kg)

h (kJ/kg)

s (kJ/kgⴢK)

660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200

32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32

516.64 351.66 217.87 172.38 148.9 133.76 122.84 114.42 107.62 101.96 97.13 92.934 89.235 85.935 82.962 80.262 77.791 75.517 73.413 71.458 69.633 67.924 66.318 64.804 63.374 62.019 60.734 59.511

0.001936 0.002844 0.00459 0.005801 0.006716 0.007476 0.00814 0.00874 0.009292 0.009808 0.010295 0.01076 0.011206 0.011637 0.012054 0.012459 0.012855 0.013242 0.013622 0.013994 0.014361 0.014722 0.015079 0.015431 0.015779 0.016124 0.016465 0.016804

1823.6 2100.2 2395.5 2553.3 2661.8 2747.9 2821.2 2886.5 2946.2 3002.0 3054.9 3105.6 3154.5 3202.1 3248.6 3294.3 3339.3 3383.7 3427.7 3471.5 3514.9 3558.1 3601.2 3644.3 3687.2 3730.1 3773.0 3816.0

1885.6 2191.2 2542.3 2739.0 2876.7 2987.1 3081.7 3166.2 3243.6 3315.9 3384.4 3449.9 3513.1 3574.4 3634.3 3692.9 3750.6 3807.5 3863.6 3919.3 3974.4 4029.3 4083.8 4138.0 4192.1 4246.1 4299.9 4353.7

4.0689 4.5242 5.0338 5.3111 5.4999 5.6471 5.77 5.877 5.9726 6.0597 6.1403 6.2156 6.2866 6.354 6.4184 6.4802 6.5396 6.597 6.6527 6.7067 6.7592 6.8105 6.8605 6.9094 6.9572 7.0041 7.0502 7.0953

Appendix D

Thermodynamic Properties of H 2 O

Table D.4 Compressed Liquid (Water)* Table D.4A Isobaric Data for P ⴝ 5.0 MPa T (K)

P (MPa)

273.15 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 537.09

5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5

r (kg/m3)

v (m3/kg)

u (kJ/kg)

h (kJ/kg)

s (kJ/kgⴢ K)

1002.3 1002.3 998.74 991.56 981.68 969.62 955.65 939.91 922.46 903.27 882.22 859.08 833.51 804.92 777.37

0.000998 0.000998 0.001001 0.001009 0.001019 0.001031 0.001046 0.001064 0.001084 0.001107 0.001134 0.001164 0.001200 0.001242 0.001286

0.044068 28.731 112.15 195.5 278.9 362.5 446.5 530.9 616.1 702.2 789.6 878.6 970.0 1064.3 1148.2

5.0 33.7 117.2 200.5 284.0 367.7 451.7 536.2 621.5 707.7 795.2 884.5 976.0 1070.5 1154.6

0.0001 0.1039 0.3917 0.66066 0.91364 1.1528 1.38 1.5968 1.8047 2.0053 2.1998 2.3897 2.5764 2.7618 2.921

*Property values generated from NIST Database 23: REFPROP Version 7.0 (August 2002).

Table D.4B Isobaric Data for P ⴝ 10.0 MPa T (K)

P (MPa)

r (kg/m3)

v (m3/kg)

u (kJ/kg)

h (kJ/kg)

s (kJ/kgⴢ K)

273.15 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 584.15

10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

1004.8 1004.7 1001.0 993.7 983.84 971.85 957.99 942.42 925.19 906.28 885.59 862.94 838.02 810.36 779.15 743.0 699.05 688.42

0.0009952 0.0009954 0.0009991 0.0010063 0.0010164 0.001029 0.0010439 0.0010611 0.0010809 0.0011034 0.0011292 0.0011588 0.0011933 0.001234 0.0012835 0.0013459 0.0014305 0.0014526

0.1171 28.659 111.74 194.78 277.92 361.27 444.93 529.06 613.84 699.52 786.38 874.8 965.25 1058.4 1155.3 1257.6 1368.8 1393.5

10.069 38.613 121.73 204.84 288.08 371.56 455.37 539.67 624.65 710.55 797.67 886.39 977.18 1070.7 1168.1 1271.1 1383.1 1408.1

0.0003376 0.10355 0.39029 0.65846 0.91079 1.1493 1.3759 1.5921 1.7994 1.9992 2.1928 2.3816 2.5669 2.7504 2.9341 3.1213 3.3177 3.3606

53

54

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table D.4C Isobaric Data for P ⴝ 15.0 MPa T (K)

P (MPa)

r (kg/m3)

v (m3/kg)

u (kJ/kg)

h (kJ/kg)

s (kJ/kgⴢ K)

273.15 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 615.31

15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15

1007.3 1007.0 1003.1 995.83 985.98 974.05 960.3 944.88 927.86 909.22 888.87 866.68 842.36 815.52 785.52 751.28 710.78 659.41 603.52

0.000993 0.000993 0.000997 0.001004 0.001014 0.001027 0.001041 0.001058 0.001078 0.0011 0.001125 0.001154 0.001187 0.001226 0.001273 0.001331 0.001407 0.001517 0.001657

0.17746 28.581 111.34 194.1 276.99 360.07 443.45 527.26 611.68 696.94 783.3 871.1 960.75 1052.8 1148.2 1248.3 1355.3 1474.9 1585.3

15.069 43.476 126.29 209.16 292.2 375.47 459.07 543.13 627.85 713.44 800.18 888.4 978.56 1071.2 1167.3 1268.2 1376.4 1497.7 1610.2

0.00044686 0.10316 0.38886 0.65627 0.90797 1.1459 1.3719 1.5875 1.7942 1.9933 2.186 2.3738 2.5578 2.7395 2.9208 3.1042 3.294 3.4994 3.6846

Table D.4D Isobaric Data for P ⴝ 20.0 MPa T (K)

P (MPa)

r (kg/m3)

v (m3/kg)

u (kJ/kg)

h (kJ/kg)

s (kJ/kgⴢ K)

273.15 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 638.9

20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

1009.7 1009.4 1005.3 997.93 988.09 976.22 962.58 947.31 930.48 912.09 892.08 870.3 846.53 820.44 791.5 758.86 721.04 675.11 613.23 490.19

0.00099 0.000991 0.000995 0.001002 0.001012 0.001024 0.001039 0.001056 0.001075 0.001096 0.001121 0.001149 0.001181 0.001219 0.001263 0.001318 0.001387 0.001481 0.001631 0.00204

0.22569 28.496 110.94 193.44 276.07 358.89 442.0 525.5 609.58 694.44 780.32 867.53 956.44 1047.6 1141.6 1239.7 1343.5 1456.8 1588.6 1786.4

20.033 48.31 130.84 213.48 296.31 379.38 462.77 546.62 631.08 716.37 802.74 890.51 980.07 1071.9 1166.9 1266.0 1371.3 1486.4 1621.2 1827.2

0.00046962 0.10271 0.38741 0.65408 0.90516 1.1426 1.368 1.583 1.7891 1.9874 2.1794 2.3662 2.5489 2.7291 2.9082 3.0885 3.2731 3.4682 3.6891 4.0156

Appendix D

Thermodynamic Properties of H 2 O

Table D.4E Isobaric Data for P ⴝ 30.0 MPa T (K)

P (MPa)

r (kg/m3)

v (m3/kg)

u (kJ/kg)

h (kJ/kg)

s (kJ/kgⴢ K)

273.15 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640

30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30

1014.5 1014.0 1009.6 1002.1 992.24 980.48 967.04 952.05 935.59 917.67 898.25 877.23 854.45 829.66 802.5 772.42 738.56 699.47 652.41 591.01

0.0009857 0.0009862 0.0009905 0.0009979 0.0010078 0.0010199 0.0010341 0.0010504 0.0010688 0.0010897 0.0011133 0.00114 0.0011703 0.0012053 0.0012461 0.0012946 0.001354 0.0014296 0.0015328 0.001692

0.28791 28.307 110.16 192.15 274.29 356.62 439.19 522.11 605.53 689.63 774.62 860.75 948.32 1037.7 1129.5 1224.4 1323.4 1428.5 1542.9 1674.8

29.858 57.893 139.87 222.08 304.52 387.21 470.21 553.62 637.6 722.33 808.02 894.95 983.43 1073.9 1166.9 1263.2 1364.0 1471.4 1588.9 1725.5

0.0002688 0.10164 0.38444 0.64972 0.89961 1.1359 1.3603 1.5742 1.7791 1.9761 2.1666 2.3516 2.5322 2.7095 2.885 3.0601 3.237 3.4189 3.6116 3.8283

Table D.4F Isobaric Data for P ⴝ 50.0 MPa T (K)

P (MPa)

r (kg/m3)

v (m3/kg)

u (kJ/kg)

h (kJ/kg)

s (kJ/kgⴢ K)

273.15 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640

50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

1023.8 1022.9 1017.8 1010.1 1000.3 988.72 975.62 961.12 945.31 928.2 909.8 890.05 868.88 846.15 821.66 795.16 766.3 734.55 699.21 659.19

0.000977 0.000978 0.000982 0.00099 0.001 0.001011 0.001025 0.00104 0.001058 0.001077 0.001099 0.001124 0.001151 0.001182 0.001217 0.001258 0.001305 0.001361 0.00143 0.001517

0.28922 27.862 108.63 189.68 270.92 352.32 433.9 515.76 597.99 680.73 764.15 848.42 933.75 1020.4 1108.6 1198.9 1291.7 1387.6 1487.7 1593.4

49.126 76.742 157.76 239.18 320.9 402.89 485.15 567.78 650.88 734.6 819.1 904.59 991.29 1079.5 1169.5 1261.8 1356.9 1455.7 1559.2 1669.3

⫺0.0010315 0.098824 0.37828 0.64102 0.88875 1.123 1.3454 1.5573 1.7601 1.9548 2.1426 2.3245 2.5015 2.6744 2.8442 3.012 3.1789 3.3463 3.516 3.6907

55

page 56

Sat. press., Psat kPa

0.6113 0.6108 0.5178 0.4375 0.3689 0.3102 0.2602 0.2176 0.1815 0.1510 0.1252 0.1035 0.0853 0.0701 0.0574 0.0469 0.0381 0.0309 0.0250 0.0201 0.0161 0.0129

Temp., T ⬚C

0.01 0 ⫺2 ⫺4 ⫺6 ⫺8 ⫺10 ⫺12 ⫺14 ⫺16 ⫺18 ⫺20 ⫺22 ⫺24 ⫺26 ⫺28 ⫺30 ⫺32 ⫺34 ⫺36 ⫺38 ⫺40

1.0908 1.0908 1.0904 1.0901 1.0898 1.0894 1.0891 1.0888 1.0884 1.0881 1.0878 1.0874 1.0871 1.0868 1.0864 1.0861 1.0858 1.0854 1.0851 1.0848 1.0844 1.0841

Sat, ice, vi ⫻ 103 206.1 206.3 241.7 283.8 334.2 394.4 466.7 553.7 658.8 786.0 940.5 1128.6 1358.4 1640.1 1986.4 2413.7 2943 3600 4419 5444 6731 8354

Sat. vapor, vg

Specific volume, m3/kg

⫺333.40 ⫺333.43 ⫺337.62 ⫺341.78 ⫺345.91 ⫺350.02 ⫺354.09 ⫺358.14 ⫺362.15 ⫺366.14 ⫺370.10 ⫺374.03 ⫺377.93 ⫺381.80 ⫺385.64 ⫺389.45 ⫺393.23 ⫺396.98 ⫺400.71 ⫺404.40 ⫺408.06 ⫺411.70

Sat. ice, ui 2708.7 2708.8 2710.2 2711.6 2712.9 2714.2 2715.5 2716.8 2718.0 2719.2 2720.4 2721.6 2722.7 2723.7 2724.8 2725.8 2726.8 2727.8 2728.7 2729.6 2730.5 2731.3

Subl., uig 2375.3 2375.3 2372.6 2369.8 2367.0 2364.2 2361.4 2358.7 2355.9 2353.1 2350.3 2347.5 2344.7 2342.0 2339.2 2336.4 2333.6 2330.8 2328.0 2325.2 2322.4 2319.6

Sat. vapor, ug

Internal energy, kJ/kg

Table D.5 Vapor Properties: Saturated Solid (Ice)–Water Vapor

⫺333.40 ⫺333.43 ⫺337.62 ⫺341.78 ⫺345.91 ⫺350.02 ⫺354.09 ⫺358.14 ⫺362.15 ⫺366.14 ⫺370.10 ⫺374.03 ⫺377.93 ⫺381.80 ⫺385.64 ⫺389.45 ⫺393.23 ⫺396.98 ⫺400.71 ⫺404.40 ⫺408.06 ⫺411.70

Sat. ice, hi 2834.8 2834.8 2835.3 2835.7 2836.3 2836.6 2837.0 2837.3 2837.6 2837.9 2838.2 2838.4 2838.6 2838.7 2838.9 2839.0 2839.0 2839.1 2839.1 2839.1 2839.9 2839.9

Subl., hig 2501.4 2501.3 2497.7 2494.0 2490.3 2486.6 2482.9 2479.2 2475.5 2471.8 2468.1 2464.3 2460.6 2456.9 2453.2 2449.5 2445.8 2442.1 2438.4 2434.7 2430.9 2427.2

Sat. vapor, hg

Enthalpy, kJ/kg

⫺1.221 ⫺1.221 ⫺1.237 ⫺1.253 ⫺1.268 ⫺1.284 ⫺1.299 ⫺1.315 ⫺1.331 ⫺1.346 ⫺1.362 ⫺1.377 ⫺1.393 ⫺1.408 ⫺1.424 ⫺1.439 ⫺1.455 ⫺1.471 ⫺1.486 ⫺1.501 ⫺1.517 ⫺1.532

Sat. ice, si

10.378 10.378 10.456 10.536 10.616 10.698 10.781 10.865 10.950 11.036 11.123 11.212 11.302 11.394 11.486 11.580 11.676 11.773 11.872 11.972 12.073 12.176

Subl., sig

9.156 9.157 9.219 9.283 9.348 9.414 9.481 9.550 9.619 9.690 9.762 9.835 9.909 9.985 10.062 10.141 10.221 10.303 10.386 10.470 10.556 10.644

Sat. vapor, sg

Entropy, kJ/kg⭈K

Appendix E Various Thermodynamic Data

Table E.1 Critical Constants and Specific Heats for Selected Gases* Substance

M (kg/kmol) Tc (K)

Pc (105 Pa)

vc (m3/kmol)

Zc

cv (kJ/kg⭈K)

cp (kJ/kg⭈K)

62.4 37.7 112.8

0.112 0.0829 0.0723

0.272 0.284 0.242

1.37 0.718 1.66

1.69 1.005 2.15

Acetylene (C2H2) Air (equivalent) Ammonia (NH3)

26.04 28.97 17.04

309 133 406

Benzene (C6H6) n-Butane (C4H10) Carbon dioxide (CO2)

78.11 58.12 44.01

562 425.2 304.2

48.3 37.9 73.9

0.256 0.257 0.0941

0.274 0.274 0.276

0.67 1.56 0.657

0.775 1.71 0.846

28.01 102.03 30.07

133 374.3 305.4

35.0 40.6 48.8

0.0928 0.200 0.148

0.294 0.262 0.285

0.744 0.76 1.48

1.04 0.85 1.75

Carbon monoxide (CO) Refrigerant 134a (C2F4H2) Ethane (C2H6) Ethylene (C2H4) Helium (He) Hydrogen (H2)

28.05 4.003 2.016

283 5.2 33.2

51.2 2.3 13.0

0.128 0.0579 0.0648

0.279 0.300 0.304

Methane (CH4) Nitrogen (N2) Oxygen (O2)

16.04 28.01 32.00

190.7 126.2 154.4

46.4 33.9 50.5

0.0991 0.0897 0.0741

0.290 0.291 0.290

1.70 0.743 0.658

2.22 1.04 0.918

Propane (C3H8) Sulfur dioxide (SO2) Water (H2O)

44.09 64.06 18.02

370 431 647.1

42.5 78.7 220.6

0.200 0.124 0.0558

0.278 0.268 0.230

1.48 0.471 1.40

1.67 0.601 1.86

1.23 3.12 10.2

1.53 5.19 14.3

*Adapted from Wark, K., Jr., and Richards, D. E., Thermodynamics, 6th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1999.

Table E.2 Van der Waals Constants for Selected Gases* Substance Acetylene (C2H2) Air (equivalent) Ammonia (NH3) Benzene (C6H6) n-Butane (C4H10) Carbon dioxide (CO2) Carbon monoxide (CO) Refrigerant 134a (C2F4H2) Ethane (C2H6)

a [105 Pa⭈(m3/kmol)2] 4.410 1.358 4.223 18.63 13.80 3.643 1.463 10.05 5.575

b (m3/kmol) 0.0510 0.0364 0.0373 0.1181 0.1196 0.0427 0.0394 0.0957 0.0650

Substance Ethylene (C2H4) Helium (He) Hydrogen (H2) Methane (CH4) Nitrogen (N2) Oxygen (O2) Propane (C3H8) Sulfur dioxide (SO2) Water (H2O)

a [105 Pa⭈(m3/kmol)2] 4.563 0.0341 0.247 2.285 1.361 1.369 9.315 6.837 5.507

b (m3/kmol) 0.0574 0.0234 0.0265 0.0427 0.0385 0.0315 0.0900 0.0568 0.0304

*Adapted from Wark, K., Jr., and Richards, D. E., Thermodynamics, 6th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1999.

page 57

Appendix F Thermo-Physical Properties of Selected Gases at 1 atm

Table F.1 Thermo-Physical Properties of Selected Gases (1 atm) Table F.1A Ammonia (NH3)* ␳ (kg/m3)

cp (kJ/kg⭈K)

␮ (␮Pa⭈s)

␯ (m2/s)

k (W/m⭈ K)

␣ (m2/s)

Pr

239.824 240 260 280 300

0.8895 0.8888 0.8135 0.7515 0.6990

2.297 2.296 2.207 2.172 2.165

8.054 8.059 8.734 9.436 10.160

9.054E-06 9.068E-06 1.074E-05 1.256E-05 1.454E-05

0.0210 0.0210 0.0220 0.0234 0.0251

1.026E-05 1.028E-05 1.228E-05 1.435E-05 1.659E-05

0.8822 0.8820 0.8744 0.8748 0.8762

320 340 360 380 400

0.6538 0.6143 0.5795 0.5485 0.5207

2.174 2.193 2.219 2.249 2.283

10.902 11.657 12.422 13.195 13.971

1.668E-05 1.898E-05 2.144E-05 2.406E-05 2.683E-05

0.0271 0.0293 0.0317 0.0344 0.0372

1.904E-05 2.173E-05 2.467E-05 2.786E-05 3.130E-05

0.8759 0.8734 0.8691 0.8634 0.8572

420 440 460 480 500

0.4956 0.4728 0.4521 0.4331 0.4157

2.320 2.358 2.399 2.440 2.483

14.751 15.531 16.310 17.088 17.863

2.976E-05 3.285E-05 3.607E-05 3.945E-05 4.297E-05

0.0402 0.0433 0.0465 0.0498 0.0531

3.498E-05 3.886E-05 4.292E-05 4.714E-05 5.147E-05

0.8510 0.8453 0.8405 0.8369 0.8349

520 540 560 580 600

0.3996 0.3848 0.3710 0.3581 0.3462

2.526 2.570 2.615 2.660 2.706

18.635 19.403 20.167 20.927 21.682

4.663E-05 5.043E-05 5.436E-05 5.843E-05 6.264E-05

0.0564 0.0596 0.0628 0.0658 0.0686

5.587E-05 6.030E-05 6.471E-05 6.904E-05 7.324E-05

0.8346 0.8362 0.8401 0.8463 0.8552

T (K)

*Property values generated from NIST Database 23: REFPROP Version 7.0 (August 2002).

page 58

Appendix F

Thermo-Physical Properties of Selected Gases at 1 atm

59

Table F.1B Carbon Dioxide (CO2)* ␳ (kg/m3)

cp (kJ/kg⭈ K)

␮ (␮Pa⭈ s)

v (m2/s)

k (W/m⭈K)

␣ (m2/s)

Pr

220 240 260 280 300

2.472 2.258 2.079 1.927 1.797

0.781 0.796 0.814 0.833 0.853

11.06 12.07 13.06 14.05 15.02

4.475E-06 5.344E-06 6.282E-06 7.288E-06 8.361E-06

0.0109 0.0122 0.0137 0.0152 0.0168

5.647E-06 6.808E-06 8.079E-06 9.465E-06 1.096E-05

0.792 0.785 0.778 0.770 0.763

320 340 360 380 400

1.683 1.583 1.494 1.415 1.343

0.872 0.890 0.908 0.925 0.942

15.98 16.93 17.87 18.79 19.70

9.499E-06 1.070E-05 1.196E-05 1.328E-05 1.466E-05

0.0184 0.0201 0.0218 0.0235 0.0251

1.256E-05 1.426E-05 1.605E-05 1.792E-05 1.988E-05

0.756 0.750 0.745 0.741 0.738

420 440 460 480 500

1.279 1.220 1.167 1.118 1.073

0.958 0.973 0.988 1.002 1.015

20.59 21.47 22.33 23.18 24.02

1.610E-05 1.759E-05 1.913E-05 2.073E-05 2.237E-05

0.0268 0.0285 0.0302 0.0318 0.0335

2.190E-05 2.401E-05 2.618E-05 2.842E-05 3.072E-05

0.735 0.733 0.731 0.729 0.728

520 540 560 580 600

1.032 0.994 0.958 0.925 0.894

1.029 1.041 1.053 1.065 1.076

24.84 25.65 26.44 27.23 28.00

2.407E-05 2.581E-05 2.760E-05 2.944E-05 3.131E-05

0.0351 0.0368 0.0384 0.0400 0.0416

3.309E-05 3.553E-05 3.802E-05 4.057E-05 4.318E-05

0.727 0.727 0.726 0.726 0.725

620 640 660 680 700

0.865 0.838 0.813 0.789 0.766

1.087 1.098 1.108 1.117 1.127

28.76 29.50 30.24 30.96 31.68

3.324E-05 3.520E-05 3.721E-05 3.925E-05 4.134E-05

0.0431 0.0447 0.0462 0.0478 0.0493

4.585E-05 4.858E-05 5.136E-05 5.420E-05 5.709E-05

0.725 0.725 0.724 0.724 0.724

720 740 760 780 800

0.745 0.725 0.706 0.688 0.670

1.136 1.145 1.153 1.161 1.169

32.38 33.07 33.75 34.43 35.09

4.347E-05 4.563E-05 4.783E-05 5.007E-05 5.234E-05

0.0508 0.0523 0.0538 0.0553 0.0567

6.004E-05 6.304E-05 6.609E-05 6.920E-05 7.236E-05

0.724 0.724 0.724 0.724 0.723

T (K)

*Property values generated from NIST Database 23: REFPROP Version 7.0 (August 2002).

60

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table F.1C Carbon Monoxide (CO)* ␳ (kg/m3)

cp (kJ/kg⭈ K)

␮ (␮Pa⭈s)

v (m2/s)

k (W/m⭈K)

␣ (m2/s)

Pr

200 220 240 260 280

1.7112 1.5544 1.4241 1.3140 1.2198

1.0443 1.0430 1.0420 1.0412 1.0407

12.8977 13.9377 14.9369 15.8998 16.8304

7.537E-06 8.967E-06 1.049E-05 1.210E-05 1.380E-05

0.01923 0.02080 0.02232 0.02378 0.02520

1.076E-05 1.283E-05 1.504E-05 1.738E-05 1.985E-05

0.701 0.699 0.697 0.696 0.695

300 320 340 360 380

1.1382 1.0669 1.0040 0.9481 0.8982

1.0402 1.0399 1.0396 1.0394 1.0393

17.7315 18.6057 19.4549 20.2811 21.0859

1.558E-05 1.744E-05 1.938E-05 2.139E-05 2.348E-05

0.02656 0.02789 0.02918 0.03043 0.03165

2.243E-05 2.514E-05 2.795E-05 3.088E-05 3.391E-05

0.694 0.694 0.693 0.693 0.692

400 450 500 550 600

0.8532 0.7583 0.6824 0.6204 0.5687

1.0392 1.0392 1.0395 1.0400 1.0408

21.8707 23.7543 25.5404 27.2444 28.8791

2.563E-05 3.133E-05 3.743E-05 4.392E-05 5.078E-05

0.03285 0.03571 0.03844 0.04105 0.04357

3.705E-05 4.532E-05 5.419E-05 6.363E-05 7.362E-05

0.692 0.691 0.691 0.690 0.690

650 700 750 800

0.5249 0.4874 0.4549 0.4265

1.0418 1.0429 1.0443 1.0457

30.4548 31.9798 33.4606 34.9026

5.802E-05 6.561E-05 7.355E-05 8.184E-05

0.04601 0.04838 0.05070 0.05297

8.414E-05 9.518E-05 1.067E-04 1.188E-04

0.690 0.689 0.689 0.689

T (K)

*Property values generated from NIST Database 12: NIST Pure Fluids Version 5.0 (September 2002).

Appendix F

Thermo-Physical Properties of Selected Gases at 1 atm

61

Table F.1D Helium (He)* T (K)

␳ (kg/m3)

cp (kJ/kg⭈ K)

␮ (␮Pa⭈ s)

v (m2/s)

k (W/m⭈K)

␣ (m2/s)

Pr

100 120 140 160 180

0.487 0.4060 0.3481 0.3046 0.2708

5.149 5.1938 5.1935 5.1933 5.1932

9.78 10.79 11.94 13.05 14.11

2.008E-05 2.659E-05 3.432E-05 4.284E-05 5.212E-05

0.0737 0.0833 0.0925 0.1013 0.1098

2.914E-05 3.952E-05 5.117E-05 6.404E-05 7.806E-05

0.689 0.673 0.671 0.669 0.668

200 220 240 260 280

0.2437 0.2216 0.2031 0.1875 0.1741

5.1931 5.1931 5.1930 5.1930 5.1930

15.14 16.14 17.12 18.08 19.01

6.213E-05 7.286E-05 8.429E-05 9.641E-05 1.092E-04

0.1180 0.1260 0.1337 0.1413 0.1487

9.322E-05 1.095E-04 1.268E-04 1.451E-04 1.645E-04

0.667 0.666 0.665 0.664 0.664

300 320 340 360 380

0.1625 0.1524 0.1434 0.1354 0.1283

5.1930 5.1930 5.1930 5.1930 5.1930

19.93 20.83 21.72 22.59 23.45

1.226E-04 1.367E-04 1.514E-04 1.668E-04 1.827E-04

0.1560 0.1631 0.1701 0.1770 0.1837

1.848E-04 2.061E-04 2.284E-04 2.516E-04 2.757E-04

0.664 0.663 0.663 0.663 0.663

400 420 440 460 480

0.1219 0.1161 0.1108 0.1060 0.1016

5.1930 5.1930 5.1930 5.1930 5.1930

24.29 25.13 25.95 26.76 27.57

1.993E-04 2.164E-04 2.342E-04 2.525E-04 2.714E-04

0.1904 0.1969 0.2034 0.2098 0.2161

3.007E-04 3.266E-04 3.534E-04 3.811E-04 4.096E-04

0.663 0.663 0.663 0.663 0.663

500 550 600 650 700

0.0975 0.0887 0.0813 0.0750 0.0697

5.1930 5.1930 5.1930 5.1930 5.1930

28.36 30.31 32.22 34.07 35.89

2.908E-04 3.419E-04 3.963E-04 4.541E-04 5.152E-04

0.2223 0.2376 0.2524 0.2669 0.2811

4.389E-04 5.159E-04 5.980E-04 6.850E-04 7.768E-04

0.663 0.663 0.663 0.663 0.663

750 800 850 900 950

0.0650 0.0610 0.0574 0.0542 0.0513

5.1930 5.1930 5.1930 5.1930 5.1930

37.68 39.43 41.15 42.85 44.52

5.794E-04 6.468E-04 7.172E-04 7.907E-04 8.671E-04

0.2949 0.3085 0.3219 0.3350 0.3479

8.733E-04 9.745E-04 1.080E-03 1.190E-03 1.305E-03

0.663 0.664 0.664 0.664 0.664

1000

0.0488

5.1930

46.16

9.464E-04

0.3606

1.424E-03

0.665

*Property values generated from NIST Database 12: NIST Pure Fluids Version 5.0 (September 2002).

62

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table F.1E Hydrogen (H2)* T (K) 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

␳ (kg/m3)

cp (kJ/kg⭈ K)

␮ (␮Pa⭈s)

v (m2/s)

k (W/m⭈K)

␣ (m2/s)

Pr

0.2457 0.1637 0.1228 0.09820 0.08184 0.07016 0.06139 0.05457 0.04912 0.04465 0.04093

11.23 12.61 13.54 14.05 14.31 14.43 14.47 14.49 14.51 14.53 14.54

4.190 5.561 6.780 7.903 8.953 9.946 10.89 11.80 12.67 13.52 14.34

1.705E-05 3.397E-05 5.523E-05 8.047E-05 1.094E-04 1.418E-04 1.774E-04 2.162E-04 2.580E-04 3.027E-04 3.503E-04

0.0683 0.1010 0.1324 0.1606 0.1858 0.2103 0.2341 0.2570 0.2805 0.3042 0.3281

2.477E-05 4.894E-05 7.970E-05 1.164E-04 1.586E-04 2.077E-04 2.634E-04 3.249E-04 3.936E-04 4.689E-04 5.514E-04

0.688 0.694 0.693 0.691 0.690 0.682 0.674 0.665 0.656 0.646 0.635

*Property values generated from NIST Database 12: NIST Pure Fluids Version 5.0 (September 2000).

Table F.1F Nitrogen (N2)* T (K)

␳ (kg/m3)

cp (kJ/kg⭈ K)

␮ (␮Pa⭈s)

v (m2/s)

k (W/m⭈K)

␣ (m2/s)

Pr

100 150 200 250 300

3.4831 2.2893 1.7107 1.3666 1.1382

1.0718 1.0486 1.0435 1.0418 1.0414

6.97 10.10 12.92 15.51 17.90

2.000E-06 4.410E-06 7.555E-06 1.135E-05 1.572E-05

0.0099 0.0145 0.0187 0.0224 0.0259

2.644E-06 6.061E-06 1.045E-05 1.573E-05 2.182E-05

0.756 0.728 0.723 0.721 0.721

350 400 450 500 550

0.9753 0.8532 0.7584 0.6825 0.6204

1.0423 1.0450 1.0497 1.0564 1.0650

20.12 22.22 24.20 26.08 27.88

2.063E-05 2.604E-05 3.191E-05 3.821E-05 4.493E-05

0.0291 0.0322 0.0352 0.0381 0.0410

2.863E-05 3.612E-05 4.423E-05 5.290E-05 6.211E-05

0.721 0.721 0.721 0.722 0.723

600 700 800 900 1000

0.5687 0.4875 0.4266 0.3792 0.3413

1.0751 1.0981 1.1223 1.1457 1.1674

29.60 32.87 35.93 38.83 41.60

5.205E-05 6.742E-05 8.424E-05 1.024E-04 1.219E-04

0.0439 0.0496 0.0552 0.0607 0.0660

7.182E-05 9.267E-05 1.153E-04 1.396E-04 1.656E-04

0.725 0.728 0.731 0.733 0.736

1100 1200 1300 1400 1500

0.3103 0.2844 0.2625 0.2438 0.2275

1.1868 1.2040 1.2191 1.2324 1.2439

44.25 46.81 49.29 51.70 54.06

1.426E-04 1.646E-04 1.878E-04 2.121E-04 2.376E-04

0.0712 0.0762 0.0810 0.0858 0.0904

1.933E-04 2.224E-04 2.532E-04 2.855E-04 3.193E-04

0.738 0.740 0.742 0.743 0.744

1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

0.2133 0.2008 0.1896 0.1796 0.1707

1.2541 1.2630 1.2708 1.2778 1.2841

56.36 58.61 60.83 63.01 65.16

2.642E-04 2.919E-04 3.208E-04 3.508E-04 3.818E-04

0.0948 0.0992 0.1035 0.1077 0.1118

3.545E-04 3.913E-04 4.295E-04 4.692E-04 5.104E-04

0.745 0.746 0.747 0.748 0.748

*Property values generated from NIST Database 23: REFPROP Version 7.0 (August 2002).

Appendix F

Thermo-Physical Properties of Selected Gases at 1 atm

63

Table F.1G Oxygen (O2)* T (K)

␳ (kg/m3)

cp (kJ/kg⭈K)

␮ (␮Pa⭈s)

v (m2/s)

k (W/m⭈ K)

␣ (m2/s)

Pr

100 150 200 250 300

3.995 2.619 1.956 1.562 1.301

0.9356 0.9198 0.9146 0.9150 0.9199

7.74835 11.34 14.65 17.71 20.56

1.940E-06 4.329E-06 7.491E-06 1.134E-05 1.581E-05

0.00931 0.01399 0.01840 0.02260 0.02666

2.491E-06 5.807E-06 1.029E-05 1.581E-05 2.228E-05

0.779 0.745 0.728 0.717 0.710

350 400 450 500 550

1.114 0.9749 0.8665 0.7798 0.7089

0.9291 0.9417 0.9564 0.9722 0.9880

23.23 25.75 28.14 30.41 32.58

2.085E-05 2.641E-05 3.247E-05 3.900E-05 4.597E-05

0.03067 0.03469 0.03872 0.04275 0.04676

2.962E-05 3.779E-05 4.672E-05 5.639E-05 6.677E-05

0.704 0.699 0.695 0.692 0.688

600 700 800 900 1000

0.6498 0.5569 0.4873 0.4332 0.3899

1.003 1.031 1.054 1.074 1.090

34.67 38.62 42.32 45.82 49.15

5.336E-05 6.935E-05 8.685E-05 1.058E-04 1.261E-04

0.05074 0.05850 0.06593 0.07300 0.07968

7.783E-05 1.019E-04 1.283E-04 1.569E-04 1.875E-04

0.686 0.681 0.677 0.674 0.672

1100 1200 1300 1400 1500

0.3544 0.3249 0.2999 0.2785 0.2599

1.103 1.114 1.123 1.131 1.138

52.33 55.40 58.36 61.23 64.02

1.477E-04 1.705E-04 1.946E-04 2.199E-04 2.463E-04

0.08601 0.09198 0.09762 0.1030 0.1080

2.200E-04 2.541E-04 2.897E-04 3.267E-04 3.650E-04

0.671 0.671 0.672 0.673 0.675

*Property values generated from NIST Database 23: REFPROP Version 7.0 (August 2002).

Table F.1H Water Vapor (H2O)* T (K) 373.124 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000

␳ (kg/m3)

cp (kJ/kg⭈K)

␮ (␮Pa⭈s)

v (m2/s)

k (W/m⭈K)

␣ (m2/s)

Pr

0.5977 0.5549 0.4910 0.4409 0.4003 0.3667 0.3383 0.3140 0.2930 0.2746 0.2584 0.2440 0.2312 0.2196

2.080 2.009 1.976 1.982 2.001 2.027 2.056 2.087 2.119 2.153 2.187 2.222 2.257 2.292

12.27 13.28 15.25 17.27 19.33 21.41 23.49 25.56 27.63 29.67 31.69 33.69 35.65 37.59

2.053E-05 2.394E-05 3.105E-05 3.917E-05 4.828E-05 5.838E-05 6.944E-05 8.142E-05 9.429E-05 1.080E-04 1.226E-04 1.380E-04 1.542E-04 1.712E-04

0.02509 0.02702 0.03117 0.03586 0.04096 0.04637 0.05205 0.05796 0.06408 0.07039 0.07685 0.08347 0.09022 0.09709

2.019E-05 2.423E-05 3.213E-05 4.105E-05 5.112E-05 6.239E-05 7.485E-05 8.847E-05 1.032E-04 1.191E-04 1.360E-04 1.539E-04 1.729E-04 1.929E-04

1.017 0.988 0.966 0.954 0.944 0.936 0.928 0.920 0.914 0.907 0.902 0.897 0.892 0.888

*Property values generated from NIST Database 23: REFPROP Version 7.0 (August 2002).

Appendix G Thermo-Physical Properties of Selected Liquids

page 65

page 66

0.003537 0.004719 0.006231 0.008145 0.010546

0.013531 0.017213 0.021718 0.027188 0.033783

0.041682 0.05108 0.062194 0.07526 0.090535

0.10142 0.1083 0.12885 0.15252 0.17964

0.2106 0.24577 0.28558 0.33045 0.38087

0.4373 0.50025 0.57026 0.64787 0.73367

0.82824 0.9322

1.0462

300 305 310 315 320

325 330 335 340 345

350 355 360 365 370

373.15 375 380 385 390

395 400 405 410 415

420 425 430 435 440

445 450

455

885.01

895.55 890.34

919.93 915.27 910.51 905.63 900.65

941.61 937.49 933.26 928.92 924.48

958.35 957.01 953.33 949.53 945.62

973.7 970.61 967.39 964.05 960.59

987.15 984.75 982.2 979.5 976.67

996.51 995.03 993.34 991.46 989.39

5.3717

4.3001 4.812

2.3518 2.6693 3.0202 3.4072 3.8329

1.185 1.3694 1.5763 1.8076 2.0654

0.59817 0.63605 0.7483 0.87615 1.0212

0.26029 0.31487 0.37858 0.45253 0.53792

0.09059 0.11357 0.14127 0.1744 0.21378

0.02559 0.033598 0.043663 0.056195 0.071662

0.0048546 0.0076812 0.010571 0.014363 0.019281

0.000612 0.000992 0.001389 0.00192 0.002621

273.16 280 285 290 295

999.79 999.86 999.47 998.76 997.76

Vapor Density (kg/m3)

Liquid Temperature Pressure Density (K) (MPa) (kg/m3)

4.4124

4.3743 4.3927

4.299 4.312 4.326 4.341 4.3571

4.2466 4.2555 4.2652 4.2756 4.2868

4.2157 4.2178 4.2241 4.2309 4.2384

4.1946 4.1983 4.2024 4.207 4.2122

4.1821 4.1838 4.186 4.1885 4.1913

4.1809 4.1798 4.1795 4.1798 4.1807

4.2199 4.2014 4.1927 4.1869 4.1832

2.7362

2.6154 2.6742

2.3666 2.4105 2.4573 2.507 2.5597

2.1877 2.2183 2.2514 2.2871 2.3254

2.08 2.0877 2.1096 2.1334 2.1594

2.0033 2.0173 2.0326 2.0493 2.0676

1.9499 1.9587 1.9684 1.979 1.9906

1.9141 1.9204 1.927 1.9341 1.9417

1.8844 1.8913 1.8967 1.9023 1.9081

148.52

157.72 152.98

186.68 180.07 173.91 168.16 162.77

228.27 218.8 209.68 201.43 193.78

281.74 276.36 262.69 250.21 238.77

368.77 346.3 326.1 307.87 291.36

530.29 489.49 453.64 421.97 393.85

853.84 766.95 693.54 630.91 577.02

1791.2 1433.7 1239.3 1084 957.87

15.089

14.745 14.917

13.883 14.056 14.228 14.401 14.573

13.02 13.192 13.365 13.538 13.711

12.269 12.332 12.504 12.675 12.848

11.487 11.654 11.823 11.992 12.162

10.675 10.833 10.994 11.157 11.321

9.9195 10.064 10.213 10.364 10.518

9.2163 9.3815 9.509 9.6414 9.7784

0.67254

0.67642 0.67459

0.68253 0.68172 0.6807 0.67948 0.67805

0.68335 0.68364 0.68369 0.68352 0.68313

0.67909 0.67966 0.681 0.68205 0.68283

0.668 0.67108 0.67376 0.67606 0.67802

0.64571 0.65118 0.65611 0.66055 0.6645

0.61028 0.61841 0.62605 0.63315 0.63971

0.56104 0.57404 0.58348 0.59273 0.60169

0.036773

0.035056 0.035904

0.031128 0.031873 0.032638 0.033424 0.03423

0.027701 0.028347 0.029013 0.029699 0.030404

0.025096 0.025303 0.025875 0.026465 0.027074

0.022707 0.023193 0.023695 0.024213 0.02475

0.020512 0.020922 0.021345 0.021784 0.022238

0.018673 0.019014 0.019369 0.019736 0.020117

0.017071 0.017442 0.017729 0.018031 0.018345

0.97438

1.02 0.99615

1.1758 1.139 1.1052 1.0743 1.0459

1.4185 1.3607 1.308 1.26 1.216

1.749 1.715 1.6294 1.5521 1.4821

2.3156 2.1665 2.034 1.9158 1.81

3.4346 3.145 2.8942 2.6757 2.4842

5.8495 5.1837 4.6301 4.1651 3.7711

13.472 10.493 8.9052 7.6573 6.6594

1.1228

1.1001 1.1111

1.0555 1.063 1.0712 1.0801 1.0898

1.0282 1.0324 1.0371 1.0425 1.0487

1.0169 1.0175 1.0194 1.0218 1.0247

1.0135 1.0137 1.0142 1.0149 1.016

1.0147 1.0143 1.0139 1.0136 1.0135

1.0168 1.0165 1.0161 1.0156 1.0152

1.0173 1.0173 1.0173 1.0172 1.017

0.041777

0.043999 0.042891

0.049411 0.048346 0.047272 0.046189 0.045098

0.054595 0.053578 0.052551 0.051514 0.050468

0.058912 0.058555 0.057581 0.056596 0.055601

0.063248 0.062333 0.061406 0.060467 0.059517

0.067632 0.066781 0.065917 0.06504 0.06415

0.071686 0.070903 0.070106 0.069295 0.06847

0.075646 0.074677 0.073951 0.07321 0.072455

Liqid Vapor Liquid Vapor Liquid Vapor Surface cp Viscosity Viscosity Therm. Cond. Therm. Cond. Liquid Vapor Tension cp (kJ/kg⭈K) (kJ/kg⭈K) (␮Pa⭈s) (␮Pa⭈s) (W/m⭈K) (W/m⭈K) Prandtl Prandtl (N/m)

Table G.1 Thermo-Physical Properties of Saturated Water*

0.0012354

0.001165 0.0011995

0.001008 0.0010377 0.0010681 0.0010994 0.0011317

0.00086777 0.00089499 0.00092254 0.0009505 0.00097895

0.00075062 0.00076053 0.00078726 0.00081398 0.00084079

0.00062362 0.00065178 0.00067944 0.00070671 0.00073371

0.00047035 0.00050326 0.00053484 0.00056531 0.00059485

0.00027471 0.00031942 0.00036081 0.00039947 0.00043586

⫺0.000067965 0.000043569 0.00011191 0.0001721 0.00022593

0.0031328

0.0030495 0.0030889

0.0029142 0.0029334 0.0029564 0.0029834 0.0030143

0.0028719 0.0028735 0.0028784 0.0028868 0.0028987

0.0029023 0.0028975 0.0028865 0.0028786 0.0028737

0.0029945 0.0029697 0.0029476 0.0029281 0.0029114

0.0031557 0.0031186 0.0030839 0.0030516 0.0030218

0.0033765 0.0033276 0.0032811 0.0032369 0.0031951

0.0036807 0.0035962 0.0035375 0.0034814 0.0034277

Liquid Vapor Expansion Expansion Coef. ␤ (1/K) Coef. ␤ (1/K)

455

445 450

420 425 430 435 440

395 400 405 410 415

373.15 375 380 385 390

350 355 360 365 370

325 330 335 340 345

300 305 310 315 320

273.16 280 285 290 295

T (K)

page 67

1.4551 1.616 1.7905 1.9792 2.1831

2.4028 2.6392 2.8931 3.1655 3.4571

3.769 4.1019 4.4569 4.8349 5.2369

5.664 6.1172 6.5976 7.1062 7.6444 8.2132 8.814 9.448 10.117 10.821

11.563 12.345 13.167 14.033 14.943

15.901 16.908 17.969 19.086 20.265

21.515 22.064

470 475 480 485 490

495 500 505 510 515

520 525 530 535 540

545 550 555 560 565 570 575 580 585 590

595 600 605 610 615

620 625 630 635 640

645 647.1

425.05 322

586.88 567.09 544.25 516.71 481.53

662.45 649.41 635.53 620.65 604.55

764.36 755.81 746.97 737.83 728.36 718.53 708.3 697.64 686.48 674.78

803.53 796.13 788.53 780.71 772.66

837.84 831.31 824.63 817.77 810.74

868.31 862.49 856.54 850.45 844.22

879.57 874

224.45 322

106.31 118.29 132.84 151.35 177.15

66.738 72.842 79.669 87.369 96.15

28.956 31.474 34.198 37.147 40.346 43.822 47.607 51.739 56.265 61.242

18.9 20.617 22.47 24.469 26.627

12.027 13.199 14.465 15.833 17.308

7.3727 8.1598 9.0139 9.9397 10.942

5.9826 6.6484

93.35 —

9.3541 10.673 12.827 16.795 25.942

6.6393 6.9532 7.3391 7.8268 8.4674

5.1513 5.2331 5.3235 5.4239 5.5361 5.6624 5.8055 5.9691 6.1579 6.3784

4.8375 4.8901 4.9471 5.0092 5.077

4.6274 4.6635 4.7022 4.744 4.7889

4.4799 4.5055 4.533 4.5623 4.5937

4.4334 4.4559

191.32 —

14.945 17.944 22.658 31.271 52.586

8.4096 9.1809 10.127 11.315 12.857

4.7277 4.9332 5.1594 5.4099 5.6889 6.002 6.356 6.7598 7.2252 7.7679

3.9257 4.0622 4.209 4.3677 4.54

3.3641 3.4631 3.568 3.6796 3.7986

2.9422 3.0181 3.0979 3.1819 3.2705

2.8014 2.8701

49.357 39.43

67.382 64.951 62.244 59.101 55.247

77.703 75.773 73.798 71.759 69.632

96.746 94.746 92.785 90.857 88.956 87.074 85.206 83.342 81.477 79.6

107.57 105.27 103.05 100.89 98.792

120.45 117.66 114.98 112.42 109.95

136.58 133.02 129.64 126.43 123.37

144.31 140.34

*Property values generated from NIST Database 23: REFPROP Version 7.0 (August 2002).

1.1709 1.3069

460 465

31.348 39.43

23.374 24.109 25.018 26.208 27.938

20.976 21.35 21.765 22.229 22.759

18.353 18.563 18.781 19.007 19.242 19.489 19.749 20.024 20.318 20.634

17.377 17.564 17.755 17.949 18.149

16.476 16.653 16.831 17.011 17.193

15.606 15.779 15.952 16.126 16.3

15.261 15.434

0.46136 0.19748

0.4541 0.44338 0.43251 0.42189 0.41493

0.50551 0.49546 0.4853 0.47503 0.46465

0.59329 0.58595 0.57826 0.57021 0.56181 0.55308 0.54405 0.53474 0.52519 0.51543

0.62468 0.61908 0.61315 0.60688 0.60026

0.64819 0.64405 0.63964 0.63495 0.62997

0.66512 0.66221 0.65907 0.65569 0.65206

0.67028 0.66781

0.42459 0.19748

0.12666 0.14223 0.16344 0.19479 0.25001

0.085682 0.091052 0.097442 0.10517 0.11468

0.057723 0.059456 0.061321 0.063341 0.065549 0.067981 0.070685 0.073721 0.077163 0.081108

0.050442 0.051756 0.05313 0.054575 0.056102

0.044568 0.045666 0.046799 0.047969 0.049182

0.039512 0.040471 0.041455 0.042464 0.043502

0.037663 0.038576

9.9868 —

1.388 1.5635 1.8459 2.3528 3.4542

1.0205 1.0634 1.116 1.1823 1.2689

0.84001 0.84616 0.85418 0.86425 0.87658 0.89146 0.90923 0.93033 0.95534 0.98504

0.83301 0.83154 0.83143 0.83275 0.83558

0.85989 0.85195 0.84529 0.83991 0.83581

0.91994 0.90506 0.89167 0.87972 0.86914

0.9545 0.93639

14.125 —

2.758 3.0417 3.4683 4.2073 5.8764

2.0588 2.1528 2.2619 2.3917 2.5517

1.5031 1.5402 1.5802 1.6234 1.67 1.7207 1.7758 1.8361 1.9025 1.9762

1.3524 1.3786 1.4066 1.4365 1.4688

1.2436 1.2628 1.2832 1.3049 1.3279

1.1621 1.1767 1.1921 1.2083 1.2255

1.1352 1.1483

0.0090924 0.011355 0.015162 0.022437 0.039706

0.0046454 0.0051415 0.0057587 0.0065497 0.0076048

0.0023764 0.002498 0.0026326 0.0027826 0.0029508 0.0031409 0.0033575 0.0036067 0.0038965 0.0042377

0.001909 0.0019876 0.0020727 0.0021652 0.0022659

0.0015891 0.001645 0.0017045 0.001768 0.001836

0.0013522 0.0013948 0.0014396 0.0014867 0.0015365

0.0012727 0.0013116

0.00017569 0.171 0 —

0.0042676 0.0033194 0.0024169 0.0015728 0.00080882

0.0094591 0.0083756 0.0073112 0.006269 0.0052528

0.020902 0.01973 0.018561 0.017396 0.016236 0.015082 0.013937 0.0128 0.011673 0.010559

0.026784 0.025608 0.02443 0.023253 0.022077

0.032637 0.031472 0.030304 0.029133 0.027959

0.038392 0.037252 0.036105 0.034954 0.033797

0.040655 0.039527

0.30797 —

0.019997 0.024628 0.032006 0.045668 0.07995

0.01023 0.011345 0.012731 0.014496 0.016815

0.0052239 0.0054805 0.0057678 0.0060909 0.0064566 0.0068731 0.0073509 0.007904 0.0085503 0.0093144

0.0042738 0.0044285 0.0045986 0.0047862 0.0049936

0.0036791 0.0037781 0.0038861 0.004004 0.0041328

0.0032937 0.003358 0.0034282 0.0035048 0.0035882

0.0031814 0.003235

645 647.1

620 625 630 635 640

595 600 605 610 615

545 550 555 560 565 570 575 580 585 590

520 525 530 535 540

495 500 505 510 515

470 475 480 485 490

460 465

68

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table G.2 Thermo–Physical Properties of Various Saturated Liquids Table G.2A R-134a (1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane)—Saturated* ␳ (kg/m3)

cp (kJ/kg⭈K)

␮ (␮Pa⭈s)

v (m2/s)

k (W/m⭈K)

␣ (m2/s)

Pr

␤ (1/K)

170 180 190 200 210

1590.7 1564.2 1537.5 1510.5 1483.1

1.1838 1.1871 1.1950 1.2058 1.2186

2139.7 1479.1 1106.2 867.3 702.3

1.345E-06 9.456E-07 7.195E-07 5.742E-07 4.735E-07

0.14515 0.1391 0.1333 0.1277 0.1224

7.708E-08 7.492E-08 7.257E-08 7.014E-08 6.771E-08

17.45 12.62 9.91 8.19 6.99

0.001658 0.0017 0.001748 0.001802 0.001864

220 230 240 250 260

1455.2 1426.8 1397.7 1367.9 1337.1

1.2332 1.2492 1.2669 1.2865 1.3082

582.2 491.2 420.2 363.3 316.6

4.001E-07 3.443E-07 3.006E-07 2.656E-07 2.368E-07

0.1172 0.1121 0.1073 0.1025 0.0979

6.529E-08 6.292E-08 6.058E-08 5.827E-08 5.598E-08

6.13 5.47 4.96 4.56 4.23

0.001934 0.002017 0.002113 0.002226 0.002361

270 280 290 300 310

1305.1 1271.8 1236.8 1199.7 1159.9

1.3326 1.3606 1.3933 1.4324 1.4807

277.5 244.3 215.6 190.5 168.0

2.127E-07 1.927E-07 1.744E-07 1.588E-07 1.449E-07

0.0934 0.0890 0.0846 0.0803 0.0761

5.371E-08 5.143E-08 4.912E-08 4.675E-08 4.429E-08

3.96 3.74 3.55 3.40 3.27

0.002525 0.002726 0.002979 0.003303 0.003733

320 330 340 350 360

1116.8 1069.1 1015.0 951.32 870.11

1.5426 1.6267 1.7507 1.9614 2.4368

147.8 129.2 111.8 95.1 78.1

1.323E-07 1.209E-07 1.102E-07 9.996E-08 8.981E-08

0.0718 0.0675 0.0631 0.0586 0.0541

4.167E-08 3.879E-08 3.549E-08 3.14E-08 2.55E-08

3.18 3.12 3.10 3.18 3.52

0.004326 0.005191 0.006567 0.009102 0.015393

370

740.32

5.1048

58.0

7.829E-08

0.0518

1.37E-08

5.72

0.055237

T (K)

*Property values generated from NIST Database 23: REFPROP Version 7.0 (August 2002).

Table G.2B Engine Oil (Unused)—Saturated* k (W/m⭈K)

␣ (m2/s)

Pr

␤ (1/K)

0.00428 0.00243 0.00112 0.00055 0.000288

0.147 0.144 0.145 0.145 0.145

9.10E-08 8.80E-08 8.72E-08 8.59E-08 8.47E-08

47,000 27,500 12,900 6,400 3,400

0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

0.141 0.0836 0.0531 0.0356 0.0252

0.000161 0.0000966 0.0000617 0.0000417 0.0000297

0.143 0.141 0.139 0.138 0.138

8.23E-08 8.00E-08 7.79E-08 7.63E-08 7.53E-08

1,965 1,205 793 546 395

0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

2.206 2.250 2.294 2.337 2.381

0.0186 0.0141 0.0110 0.00874 0.00698

0.000022 0.0000169 0.0000133 0.0000106 0.00000852

0.137 0.136 0.135 0.134 0.133

7.38E-08 7.23E-08 7.09E-08 6.95E-08 6.82E-08

300 233 187 152 125

0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

2.427 2.471

0.00564 0.0047

0.00000694 0.00000583

0.133 0.132

6.75E-08 6.62E-08

103 88

0.0007 0.0007

␳ (kg/m3)

cp (kJ/kg⭈K)

273 280 290 300 310

899.1 895.3 890 884.1 877.9

1.796 1.827 1.868 1.909 1.951

3.85 2.17 0.999 0.486 0.253

320 330 340 350 360

871.8 865.8 859.9 853.9 847.8

1.993 2.035 2.076 2.118 2.161

370 380 390 400 410

841.8 836.0 830.6 825.1 818.9

420 430

812.1 806.5

T (K)

␮ (Pa⭈s)

v (m2/s)

*Property values from Incropera, F. P., and DeWitt, D. P., Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 3rd ed., Wiley, New York, 1990.

Appendix G

Thermo-Physical Properties of Selected Liquids

69

Table G.2C Ethylene Glycol (C2H4(OH)2)—Saturated* ␳ (kg/m3)

cp (kJ/kg⭈K)

␮ (Pa⭈s)

v (m2/s)

k (W/m⭈K)

␣ (m2/s)

Pr

␤ (1/K)

273 280 290 300 310

1130.8 1125.8 1118.8 1114.4 1103.7

2.294 2.323 2.368 2.415 2.460

0.0651 0.0420 0.0247 0.0157 0.0107

0.0000576 0.0000373 0.0000221 0.0000141 0.00000965

0.242 0.244 0.248 0.252 0.255

9.33E-08 9.33E-08 9.36E-08 9.39E-08 9.39E-08

617 400 236 151 103

0.00065 0.00065 0.00065 0.00065 0.00065

320 330 340 350 360

1096.2 1089.5 1083.8 1079.0 1074.0

2.505 2.549 2.592 2.637 2.682

0.00757 0.00561 0.00431 0.00342 0.00278

0.00000691 0.00000515 0.00000398 0.00000317 0.00000259

0.258 0.260 0.261 0.261 0.261

9.40E-08 9.36E-08 9.29E-08 9.17E-08 9.06E-08

73.5 55.0 42.8 34.6 28.6

0.00065 0.00065 0.00065 0.00065 0.00065

370 373

1066.7 1058.5

2.728 2.742

0.00228 0.00215

0.00000214 0.00000203

0.262 0.263

9.00E-08 9.06E-08

23.7 22.4

0.00065 0.00065

T (K)

*Property values from Incropera, F. P., and DeWitt, D. P., Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 3rd ed., Wiley, New York, 1990.

Table G.2D Glycerin (C3H5(OH)3)—Saturated* ␳ (kg/m3)

cp (kJ/kg⭈K)

273 280 290

1276.0 1271.9 1265.8

2.261 2.298 2.367

300 310 320

1259.9 1253.9 1247.2

2.427 2.490 2.564

T (K)

␮ (Pa⭈s) 10.6 5.34 1.85 0.799 0.352 0.210

v (m2/s)

k (W/m⭈K)

␣ (m2/s)

Pr

␤ (1/K)

0.00831 0.00420 0.00146

0.282 0.284 0.286

9.77E-08 9.72E-08 9.55E-08

85,000 43,200 15,300

0.00047 0.00047 0.00048

0.000634 0.000281 0.000168

0.286 0.286 0.287

9.35E-08 9.16E-08 8.97E-08

6,780 3,060 1,870

0.00048 0.00049 0.00050

*Property values from Incropera, F. P., and DeWitt, D. P., Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 3rd ed., Wiley, New York, 1990.

Table G.2E Mercury (Hg)—Saturated* ␳ (kg/m3)

cp (kJ/kg⭈K)

␮ (Pa⭈s)

v (m2/s)

k (W/m ⭈K)

␣ (m2/s)

Pr

␤ (1/K)

273 300 350 400

13,595 13,529 13,407 13,287

0.1404 0.1393 0.1377 0.1365

0.001688 0.001523 0.001309 0.001171

1.240E-07 1.125E-07 9.76E-08 8.82E-08

8.18 8.54 9.18 9.80

4.285E-06 4.530E-06 4.975E-06 5.405E-06

0.0290 0.0248 0.0196 0.0163

0.000181 0.000181 0.000181 0.000181

450 500 550 600

13,167 13,048 12,929 12,809

0.1357 0.1353 0.1352 0.1355

0.001075 0.001007 0.000953 0.000911

8.16E-08 7.71E-08 7.37E-08 7.11E-08

10.40 10.95 11.45 11.95

5.810E-06 6.190E-06 6.555E-06 6.880E-06

0.0140 0.0125 0.0112 0.0103

0.000181 0.000182 0.000184 0.000187

T (K)

*Property values from Incropera, F. P., and DeWitt, D. P., Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 3rd ed., Wiley, New York, 1990.

Appendix H Thermo-Physical Properties of Hydrocarbon Fuels

page 71

page 72

Methane

Acetylene Ethene Ethane

Propene Propane

1-Butene n-Butane

1-Pentene n-Pentane

Benzene 1-Hexene n-Hexane

1-Heptene n-Heptane

1-Octene n-Octane

1-Nonene n-Nonane

1-Decene n-Decane

1-Undecene n-Undecane

1-Dodecene n-Dodecane

CH4

C2H2 C2H4 C2H6

C3H6 C3H8

C4H8 C4H10

C5H10 C5H12

C6H6 C6H12 C6H14

C7H14 C7H16

C8H16 C8H18

C9H18 C9H20

C10H20 C10H22

C11H22 C11H24

C12H24 C12H26 168.322 170.337

154.295 156.311

140.268 142.284

126.241 128.257

112.214 114.230

98.188 100.203

78.113 84.161 86.177

70.134 72.150

56.107 58.123

42.080 44.096

26.038 28.054 30.069

16.043

⫺165,352 ⫺292,162

⫺144,766 ⫺270,286

⫺124,139 ⫺249,659

⫺103,512 ⫺229,032

⫺82,927 ⫺208,447

⫺62,132 ⫺187,820

82,927 ⫺41,673 ⫺167,193

⫺20,920 ⫺146,440

1172 ⫺124,733

20,414 ⫺103,847

226,748 52,283 ⫺84,667

⫺74,831

hⴗf (kJ/kmol)

138,407 —

129,830 43,012

121,294 34,434

112,717 25,857

104,140 17,322

95,563 8745

129,658 87,027 209

78,605 ⫺8201

72,036 ⫺15,707

62,718 ⫺23,489

209,200 68,124 ⫺32,886

⫺50,794

⌬ g ⴗf (kJ/kmol)

616.471 —

578.061 578.940

539.652 540.531

501.243 502.080

462.792 463.671

424.383 425.262

269.199 385.974 386.811

347.607 348.402

307.440 310.034

266.939 269.910

200.819 219.827 229.492

186.188

sⴗ (kJ/kmol⭈K)

47,468 47,841

47,512 47,926

47,565 48,020

47,631 48,134

47,712 48,275

47,817 48,456

42,277 47,955 48,696

48,152 49,032

48,471 49,546

48,936 50,368

49,923 50,313 51,901

55,528

HHV* (kJ/kg)

44,316 44,467

44,360 44,532

44,413 44,602

44,478 44,686

44,560 44,791

44,665 44,926

40,579 44,803 45,105

45,000 45,355

45,319 45,742

45,784 46,357

48,225 47,161 47,489

50,016

LHV* (kJ/kg)

213.4 216.3

— 195.9

170.6 174.1

— 150.8

121.3 125.7

93.6 98.4

80.1 63.4 69

30 36.1

⫺63 ⫺0.5

⫺47.4 ⫺42.1

⫺84 ⫺103.7 ⫺88.6

⫺164

Boiling Pt. (⬚C)

Sources: a Rossini, F. D., et al., Selected Values of Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Hydrocarbons and Related Compounds, Carnegie Press, Pittsburgh, PA, 1953. b Weast, R. C. (Ed.), Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 56th ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, OH, 1976. c Obert, E. F., Internal Combustion Engines and Air Pollution, Harper & Row, New York, 1973. d Turns, S. R., An Introduction to Combustion, 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 2000.

*Based on gaseous fuel. † For stoichiometric combustion with air (79% N2, 21% O2). ‡ For liquids at 20⬚C or for gases at the boiling point of the liquefied gas.

Fuel

Formula

Molecular Weight (kg/kmol)

— 256

— 265

— 277

— 295

— 300

— 316

393 335 335

358 358

391 386

437 425

— — 488

509

hfg (kJ/kg)

2295 2277

2296 2277

2298 2277

2300 2276

2302 2275

2305 2274

2342 2308 2273

2314 2272

2322 2270

2334 2267

2539 2369 2259

2226

Tad (K)

†

— 749

— 740

— 730

— 718

— 703

— 684

879 673 659

641 626

595 579

514 500

— — 370

300

r ‡liq (kg/m3)

Table H.1 Selected Properties of Hydrocarbon Fuels: Enthalpy of Formation,a Gibbs Function of Formation,a Entropy,a and Higher and Lower Heating Values All at 298.15 K and 1 atm; Boiling Pointsb and Latent Heat of Vaporizationc at 1 atm; Constant-Pressure Adiabatic Flame Temperature at 1 atm;d Liquid Density c

Appendix H

Thermo-Physical Properties of Hydrocarbon Fuels

73

Table H.2 Curve-Fit Coefficients for Fuel Specific Heat and Enthalpya for Reference State of Zero Enthalpy of the Elements at 298.15 K and 1 atm: cp (kJ/kmol # K) ⴝ 4.184 (a1 ⴙ a2U ⴙ a3U2 ⴙ a4U3 ⴙ a5U ⫺2), hⴗ (kJ/kmol) ⴝ 4184 (a1U ⴙ a2U2>2 ⴙ a3U3>3 ⴙ a4U4>4 ⴚ a5U ⫺1 ⴙ a6), where U K T (K)>1000

Formula

Fuel

CH4 C3H8 C6H14 C8H18 CH3OH C2H5OH C8.26H15.5 C7.76H13.1 C10.8H18.7

Methane Propane Hexane Isooctane Methanol Ethanol Gasoline Diesel

Molecular Weight

a1

a2

a3

a4

a5

a6

a 8*

16.043 44.096 86.177 114.230 32.040 46.07 114.8 106.4 148.6

⫺0.29149 ⫺1.4867 ⫺20.777 ⫺0.55313 ⫺2.7059 6.990 ⫺24.078 ⫺22.501 ⫺9.1063

26.327 74.339 210.48 181.62 44.168 39.741 256.63 227.99 246.97

⫺10.610 ⫺39.065 ⫺164.125 ⫺97.787 ⫺27.501 ⫺11.926 ⫺201.68 ⫺177.26 ⫺143.74

1.5656 8.0543 52.832 20.402 7.2193 0 64.750 56.048 32.329

0.16573 0.01219 0.56635 ⫺0.03095 0.20299 0 0.5808 0.4845 0.0518

⫺18.331 ⫺27.313 ⫺39.836 ⫺60.751 ⫺48.288 ⫺60.214 ⫺27.562 ⫺17.578 ⫺50.128

4.300 8.852 15.611 20.232 5.3375 7.6135 17.792 15.232 23.514

*To obtain 0 K reference state for enthalpy, add a8 to a6. a Source: From Heywood, J. B., Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1988, by permission of McGraw-Hill, Inc.

page 74

a

Methane

Propane

n-Hexane

n-Heptane

n-Octane

n-Decane

Methanol

Ethanol

CH4

C3H8

C6H14

C7H16

C8H18

C10H22

CH3OH

C2H5OH

250–550 270–600

300–550 250–650

300–700 700–1365

250–500

250–500 300–650 275–755 755–1365

250–1000 270–580 300–755 755–1365

150–1000 270–900

200–500 270–600

100–1000 70–1000

T range (K)

k m cp

k m cp

k m cp cp

k m cp cp

k m cp cp

k m cp

k m cp

k m cp

Property

⫺2.46663000E⫺2 ⫺6.33595000E⫺2 See Table B.2

⫺2.02986750E⫺2 1.19790000E⫹0 See Table B.2

⫺5.88274000E⫺3 Not available 2.40717800E⫹2 ⫺1.35345890E⫹4

⫺4.01391940E⫺3 8.32435400E⫺1 2.14419800E⫹2 2.43596860E⫹3

⫺4.60614700E⫺2 1.54009700E⫹0 9.46260000E⫹1 ⫺7.40308000E⫹2

1.28775700E⫺3 1.54541200E⫹0 See Table B.2

⫺1.07682209E⫺2 ⫺3.54371100E⫺1 See Table B.2

⫺1.34014990E⫺2 2.96826700E⫺1 See Table B.2

a1

1.55892550E⫺4 3.20713470E⫺2

1.21910927E⫺4 2.45028000E⫺2

5.09965000E⫹0 9.14879000E⫹1

3.72449646E⫺5

3.38796092E⫺5 1.40045000E⫺2 5.35690500E⫹0 ⫺4.46819470E⫹0

5.95652224E⫺4 1.09515700E⫺2 5.86099700E⫹0 1.08935370E⫹1

⫺2.00499443E⫺5 1.15080900E⫺2

8.38590325E⫺5 3.08009600E⫺2

3.66307060E⫺4 3.71120100E⫺2

a2

⫺8.22954822E⫺8 ⫺6.25079576E⫺6

⫺2.23748473E⫺8 1.86162740E⫺5

⫺6.29026000E⫺4 ⫺2.20700000E⫺1

7.55109624E⫺8

8.19291819E⫺8 8.79376500E⫺6 ⫺1.17497000E⫺3 ⫺1.66843290E⫺2

⫺2.98893153E⫺6 1.80066400E⫺5 ⫺1.98231320E⫺3 ⫺1.26512400E⫺2

2.37858831E⫺7 2.72216500E⫺5

4.22059864E⫺8 ⫺6.99723000E⫺6

⫺1.82248608E⫺6 1.21829800E⫺5

a3

0 0

0 ⫺1.30674820E⫺8

⫺1.07155000E⫺6 2.91406000E⫺4

0

0 ⫺6.84030000E⫺9 ⫺6.99115500E⫺7 ⫺1.78856050E⫺5

8.44612876E⫺9 ⫺1.36379000E⫺8 ⫺6.88699300E⫺8 9.84376300E⫺6

⫺1.60944555E⫺10 ⫺3.26900000E⫺8

0 0

5.93987998E⫺9 ⫺7.02426000E⫺8

a4

0 0

0 0

0 ⫺2.15307400E⫺7

0

0 0 0 8.64282020E⫺9

⫺1.22927E⫺11 0 ⫺1.93795260E⫺10 ⫺4.32282960E⫺9

7.71027290E⫺14 1.24545900E⫺11

0 0

⫺9.14055050E⫺12 7.54326900E⫺11

a5

Source: Andrews, J. R., and Biblarz, O., “Temperature Dependence of Gas Properties in Polynomial Form,” Naval Postgraduate School, NPS67-81-001, January 1981.

Fuel

Formula

k (W/m # K) ␮ (N # s/m2) ⴛ 106 t ⴝ a1 ⴙ a2T ⴙ a3T 2 ⴙ a4T 3 ⴙ a5T 4 ⴙ a6T 5 ⴙ a7T 6 cp (J/kg # K)

Table H.3 Curve-Fit Coefficients for Fuel Vapor Thermal Conductivity, Viscosity, and Specific Heat:a

9.0127E⫺15 0 0 7.86366500E⫺13

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 8.38600000E⫺11

0

0 0 0 ⫺1.61426500E⫺12

0 0

⫺6.78968890E⫺15 ⫺2.72371660E⫺14

a6

0 0

0 0

0 ⫺1.34404000E⫺14

0

0 0 0 0

⫺2.62961E⫺18 0 0 0

0 0

0 0

⫺1.95048736E⫺18 0

a7

Appendix I Thermo-Physical Properties of Selected Solids

page 75

page 76

8780 8530

1104 1188

8800

8933

Phosphor gear bronze (89% Cu, 11% Sn) Cartridge brass (70% Cu, 30% Zn)

1358

Copper Pure

8862

1293

1769

Cobalt

7160

8650

2500

9780

1850

2790

2770

2702

␳ (kg/m3)

Commercial bronze (90% Cu, 10% Al)

2118

Chromium

2573

Boron 594

545

Bismuth

Cadmium

1550

775

933

Beryllium

Alloy 195, Cast (4.5% Cu)

Alloy 2024-T6 (4.5% Cu, 1.5% Mg, 0.6% Mn)

Aluminum Pure

Composition

Melting Point (K)

380

355

420

385

421

449

231

1107

122

1825

883

875

903

cp (J/kg ⭈ K)

110

54

52

401

99.2

93.7

96.8

27.0

7.86

200

168

177

237

k (W/m ⭈ K)

Properties at 300 K

Table I.1 Thermo-Physical Properties of Selected Metallic Solidsa

33.9

17

14

117

26.6

29.1

48.4

9.76

6.59

59.2

68.2

73.0

97.1

␣ ⭈ 106 (m2/s)

75

482 252

167 236

159 192

203 198

190 128

16.5 112

990 203

65 473

302 482

100

41 — 95 360

42 785

413 356

122 379

111 384

99.3 222

55.5 600

9.69 120

301 1114

163 787

237 798

200

65 — 137 395

52 460

393 397

85.4 450

90.9 484

94.7 242

16.8 1463

7.04 127

161 2191

174 —

186 925

240 949

400

74 — 149 425

59 545

379 417

67.4 503

80.7 542

10.6 1892

126 2604

185 —

186 1042

231 1033

600

366 433

58.2 550

71.3 581

9.60 2160

106 2823

218 1146

800

352 451

52.1 628

65.4 616

9.85 2338

90.8 3018

1000

339 480

49.3 733

61.9 682

78.7 3227

1200

42.5 674

57.2 779

3519

1500

49.4 937

2000

k (W/mⴢ K) and cp (J/kg ⴢ K) at Various Temperatures (K) 2500

page 77

1336 2720

1810

Gold

Iridium

Iron Pure

434

434

7832

8131

434

7854

446

465 473 486

7833 7801 7753

7817

460 420

447

447

130

7849 7272

7870

7870

22500

129

322

384

41.0

51.9

63.9

60.5

54 43 36

59 52

72.7

80.2

147

317

59.9

23

11.6

14.9

18.8

17.7

14.7 11.7 9.7

16.3 17

20.7

23.1

50.3

127

34.7

6.71

83

95.6 215

134 216

17 237 232 190 327 109 172 90

57 43 36

60

80.6 384

94.0 384

19 362 96.8 290 323 124 153 122

42.2 487

56.7 487 58.7 487 49.8 501

51 43 36

56

65.7 490

69.5 490

43.2 337 311 131 144 133

39.7 559

48.0 559 48.8 559 44.0 582

44 39 34

47

53.1 574

54.7 574

27.3 348 298 135 138 138

35.0 685

39.2 685 39.2 685 37.4 699

38 34 32

39

42.2 680

43.3 680

19.8 357 284 140 132 144

27.6 1090

30.0 1169 31.3 1168 29.3 971

32 30 29

34

32.3 975

32.8 975

17.4 375 270 145 126 153

30 28 28

33

28.7 609

28.3 609

17.4 395 255 155 120 161

31 29 29

33

31.4 654

32.1 654

111 172

(continued)

Source: aAdapted from Incropera, F. P., and DeWitt, D. P., Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 3rd ed., Wiley, New York, 1990, with permission. Data for wrought iron, cast iron, and various carbon steels adapted from Chapman, A. J., Fundamentals of Heat Transfer, Macmillan, New York, 1987. *Properties at 293 K.

Carbon–silicon (Mn ⱕ 1%, 0.1% ⬍ Si ⱕ 0.6%) Carbon–manganese– silicon (1% ⬍ Mn ⱕ 1.65%, 0.1% ⬍ Si ⱕ 0.6%)

Iron Wrought iron* (C ⬍ 0.5%) Cast iron* (C ⬇ 4%) Carbon steels Carbon steel* (C ⬇ 0.5%) Carbon steel* (C ⬇ 1.0%) Carbon steel* (C ⬇ 1.5%) Carbon steels Plain carbon (Mn ⱕ 1%, Si ⱕ 0.1%) AISI 1010

Armco (99.75% pure)

5360

1211 19300

8920

1493

Constantan (55% Cu, 45% Ni) Germanium

page 78

2894

Molybdenum

Nichrome (80% Ni, 20% Cr)

1672

1728

923

Magnesium

Nickel Pure

601

8400

8900

10240

1740

11340

7978

AISI 347

Lead

8238

7900

AISI 304

AISI 316

8055

Stainless steels AISI 302

7836

1 Cr –V (0.2% C, 1.02% Cr, 0.15% V)

7822

␳ (kg/m3)

7858

1670

Melting Point (K)

1 Cr – 2 Mo (0.16% C, 1% Cr, 0.54% Mo, 0.39% Si)

1

Chromium (low) steels 1 1 2 Cr – 4 Mo–Si (0.18% C, 0.65% Cr, 0.23% Mo, 0.6% Si)

Composition

Table I.1 (continued)

420

444

251

1024

129

480

468

477

480

443

442

444

cp (J/kg ⭈ K)

12

90.7

138

156

35.3

14.2

13.4

14.9

15.1

48.9

42.3

37.7

k (W/m ⭈ K)

Properties at 300 K

3.4

23.0

53.7

87.6

24.1

3.71

3.48

3.95

3.91

14.1

12.2

10.9

␣ ⭈ 106 (m2/s)

164 232

179 141

169 649

39.7 118

9.2 272

100

107 383

143 224

159 934

36.7 125

12.6 402

200

14 480

80.2 485

134 261

153 1074

34.0 132

17.3 512 16.6 515 15.2 504 15.8 513

46.8 492

42.0 492

38.2 492

400

16 525

65.6 592

126 275

149 1170

31.4 142

20.0 559 19.8 557 18.3 550 18.9 559

42.1 575

39.1 575

36.7 575

600

21 545

67.6 530

118 285

146 1267

22.8 585 22.6 582 21.3 576 21.9 585

36.3 688

34.5 688

33.3 688

800

71.8 562

112 295

25.4 606 25.4 611 24.2 602 24.7 606

28.2 969

27.4 969

26.9 969

1000

76.2 594

105 308

28.0 640

1200

82.6 616

98 330

31.7 682

1500

90 380

2000

k (W/mⴢ K) and cp (J/kg ⴢ K) at Various Temperatures (K)

86 459

2500

page 79

2045

Platinum Pure

Uranium

1406

3660

2023

Thorium

Tungsten

3269

Tantalum

1953

1235

Silver

Titanium

1685

Silicon

505

2236

Rhodium

Tin

3453

Rhenium

1800

1827

Palladium

Alloy 60Pt–40Rh (60% Pt, 40% Rh)

2741

1665

Niobium

Inconel X-750 (73% Ni, 15% Cr, 6.7% Fe)

19070

19300

4500

7310

11700

16600

10500

2330

12450

21100

16630

21450

12020

8570

8510

116

132

522

227

118

140

235

712

243

136

162

133

244

265

439

27.6

174

21.9

66.6

54.0

57.5

429

148

150

47.9

47

71.6

71.8

53.7

11.7

12.5

68.3

9.32

40.1

39.1

24.7

174

89.2

49.6

16.7

17.4

25.1

24.5

23.6

3.1

21.7 94

208 87

30.5 300

85.2 188

59.8 99

59.2 110

444 187

884 259

186 147

58.9 97

77.5 100

76.5 168

55.2 188

8.7 —

25.1 108

186 122

24.5 465

73.3 215

54.6 112

57.5 133

430 225

264 556

154 220

51.0 127

72.6 125

71.6 227

52.6 249

10.3 372

29.6 125

159 137

20.4 551

62.2 243

54.5 124

57.8 144

425 239

98.9 790

146 253

46.1 139

52 —

71.8 136

73.6 251

55.2 274

13.5 473

34.0 146

137 142

19.4 591

55.8 134

58.6 146

412 250

61.9 867

136 274

44.2 145

59 —

73.2 141

79.7 261

58.2 283

17.0 510

38.8 176

125 145

19.7 633

56.9 145

59.4 149

396 262

42.2 913

127 293

44.1 151

65 —

75.6 146

86.9 271

61.3 292

20.5 546

43.9 180

118 148

20.7 675

56.9 156

60.2 152

379 277

31.2 946

121 311

44.6 156

69 —

78.7 152

94.2 281

64.4 301

24.0 626

49.0 161

113 152

22.0 620

58.7 167

61.0 155

361 292

25.7 967

116 327

45.7 162

73 —

82.6 157

102 291

67.5 310

27.6 —

107 157

24.5 686

62.2 160

22.7 992

110 349

47.8 171

76 —

89.5 165

110 307

72.1 324

33.0 —

100 167

64.1 172

112 376

51.9 186

99.4 179

79.1 347

(continued)

95 176

65.6 189

page 80

Melting Point (K) 2192 693 2125

Composition

Vanadium

Zinc

Zirconium

Table I.1 (continued)

6570

7140

6100

␳ (kg/m3)

278

389

489

cp (J/kg ⭈ K)

22.7

116

30.7

k (W/m ⭈ K)

Properties at 300 K

12.4

41.8

10.3

␣ ⭈ 106 (m2/s)

33.2 205

117 297

35.8 258

100

25.2 264

118 367

31.3 430

200

21.6 300

111 402

31.3 515

400

20.7 322

103 436

33.3 540

600

21.6 342

35.7 563

800

23.7 362

38.2 597

1000

26.0 344

40.8 645

1200

28.8 344

44.6 714

1500

33.0 344

50.9 867

2000

k (W/mⴢ K) and cp (J/kg ⴢK) at Various Temperatures (K) 2500

page 81

2725 2573

Beryllium oxide

Boron

709

935

450

Graphite fiber epoxy (25% vol) composite k, heat flow || to fibers k, heat flow ⬜ to fibers cp

1400

2210

2273

509

—

Graphite, pyrolytic k, || to layers k, ⬜ to layers cp

3500

1950

1122

1105

1030

765

765

cp (J/kg ⭈ K)

—

1500

2080

2500

3000

3970

3970

␳ (kg/m3)

0.46 337

0.87

4970 16.8 136

10000 21

0.67 —

2.10 0.37 364

190 —

133 —

450 —

100

5.7

—

9.99

88.0

11.9

15.1

␣ ⭈ 106 (m2/s)

11.1

1950 5.70

2300

1.60

2.29 0.59

27.6

272

36.0

46

k (W/m ⭈ K)

Properties at 300 K

Diamond, type lla insulator

Carbon Amorphous

590

2323

Aluminum oxide, polycrystalline

Boron fiber epoxy (30% vol) composite k, || to fibers k, ⬜ to fibers cp

2323

Aluminum oxide, sapphire

Composition

Melting Point (K)

Table I.2 Thermo-Physical Properties of Selected Nonmetallic Solidsa

0.68 642

8.7

3230 9.23 411

4000 194

1.18 —

2.23 0.49 757

52.5 —

55 —

82 —

200

1.1 1216

13.0

1390 4.09 992

1540 853

1.89 —

2.28 0.60 1431

18.7 1490

196 1350

26.4 940

32.4 940

400

892 2.68 1406

2.19 —

11.3 1880

111 1690

15.8 1110

18.9 1110

600

667 2.01 1650

2.37 —

8.1 2135

70 1865

10.4 1180

13.0 1180

800

534 1.60 1793

2.53 —

6.3 2350

47 1975

7.85 1225

10.5 1225

1000

448 1.34 1890

2.84 —

5.2 2555

33 2055

6.55 —

1200

357 1.08 1974

3.48 —

21.5 2145

5.66 —

1500

262 0.81 2043

15 2750

6.00 —

2000

k (W/mⴢ K) and cp (J/kg ⴢ K) at Various Temperatures (K)

(continued)

2500

page 82

2173 . 392

Silicon nitride

Sulfur

4157

9110

2070

2400

2220

2650

3160

2600

␳ (kg/m3)

710

235

708

691

745

745

675

808

cp (J/kg ⭈ K)

8.4

13

0.206

16.0

1.38

10.4 6.21

490

3.98

k (W/m ⭈ K)

Properties at 300 K

2.8

6.1

0.141

9.65

0.834

230

1.89

␣ ⭈ 106 (m2/s)

0.165 403

— —

0.69 —

39 20.8 —

5.25 —

100

0.185 606

— 578

1.14 —

16.4 9.5 —

4.78 —

200

7.01 805

10.2 255

13.9 778

1.51 905

7.6 4.70 885

— 880

3.64 908

400

5.02 880

6.6 274

11.3 937

1.75 1040

5.0 3.4 1075

— 1050

3.28 1038

600

3.94 910

4.7 285

9.88 1063

2.17 1105

4.2 3.1 1250

— 1135

3.08 1122

800

3.46 930

3.68 295

8.76 1155

2.87 1155

87 1195

2.96 1197

1000

3.28 945

3.12 303

8.00 1226

4.00 1195

58 1243

2.87 1264

1200

2.73 315

7.16 1306

30 1310

2.79 1498

1500

2.5 330

6.20 1377

2000

k (W/mⴢ K) and cp (J/kg ⴢ K) at Various Temperatures (K)

Source: aAdapted from Incropera, F. P., and Dewitt, D. P., Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 3rd ed., Wiley, New York, 1990, with permission.

2133

1883

Silicon dioxide, polycrystalline (fused silica)

Titanium dioxide, polycrystalline

1883

Silicon dioxide, crystalline (quartz) k, || to c axis k, ⬜ to c axis cp

3573

3100

Silicon carbide

Thorium dioxide

1623

Melting Point (K)

Pyroceram, Corning 9606

Composition

Table I.2 (continued)

2500

Appendix I

Thermo-Physical Properties of Selected Solids

Table I.3 Thermo-Physical Properties of Common Materialsa Temperature (K)

Density, ␳ (kg/m3)

Asphalt

300

2115

0.062

Bakelite

300

1300

1.4

1465

872 1672 473 823 1173 478 1145 773 1073 1373 773 1073 1373 478 922 1478 478 922 1478

— — 3010

18.5 11.0 2.3 2.5 2.0 0.25 0.30 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.5 1.8 3.8 2.8 1.9

— — 835

Clay

300

1460

1.3

880

Coal, anthracite

300

1350

0.26

1260

Concrete (stone mix)

300

2300

1.4

880

Cotton

300

80

0.06

1300

300 300 300 300 198 233 253 263 273 283 293

980 840 720 280 — —

0.481 0.513 0.223 0.121 1.60 1.49 1.35 1.20 0.476 0.480 0.489

3350 3600 — — —

300 300

2500 2225

Description / Composition

Brick, refractory Carborundum Chrome brick

Diatomaceous silica, fired Fire clay, burnt 1600 K

Fire clay, burnt 1725 K

Fire clay brick

Magnesite

Foodstuffs Banana (75.7% water content) Apple, red (75% water content) Cake, batter Cake, fully baked Chicken meat, white (74.4% water content)

Glass Plate (soda lime) Pyrex

— — 2050 — — 2325

2645

— —

Thermal Conductivity, k (W/m ⭈ K)

1.4 1.4

Specific Heat, cp (J/kg ⭈K) 920

— 960

960

960

1130

750 835 (continued)

83

84

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table I.3 (continued) Temperature (K)

Density, ␳ (kg/m3)

Ice

273 253

920 —

1.88 2.03

Leather (sole)

300

998

0.159

—

Paper

300

930

0.180

1340

Paraffin

300

900

0.240

2890

Rock Granite, Barre Limestone, Salem Marble, Halston Quartzite, Sioux Sandstone, Berea

300 300 300 300 300

2630 2320 2680 2640 2150

2.79 2.15 2.80 5.38 2.90

775 810 830 1105 745

Rubber, vulcanized Soft Hard

300 300

1100 1190

0.13 0.16

2010 —

Sand

300

1515

0.27

800

Soil

300

2050

0.52

1840

Snow

273

110 500

0.049 0.190

— —

Teflon

300 400

2200

0.35 0.45

— —

Tissue, human Skin Fat layer (adipose) Muscle

300 300 300

— — —

0.37 0.2 0.41

— — —

Wood, cross grain Balsa Cypress Fir Oak Yellow pine White pine

300 300 300 300 300 300

140 465 415 545 640 435

0.055 0.097 0.11 0.17 0.15 0.11

— — 2720 2385 2805 —

Wood, radial Oak Fir

300 300

545 420

0.19 0.14

2385 2720

Description / Composition

Thermal Conductivity, k (W/m ⭈ K)

Specific Heat, cp (J/kg ⭈K) 2040 1945

Source: aAdapted from Incropera, F. P., and DeWitt, D. P., Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 3rd ed., Wiley, New York, 1990, with permission.

Appendix I

Thermo-Physical Properties of Selected Solids

Table I.4 Thermo-Physical Properties of Structural Building Materialsa Typical Properties at 300 K

Description/ Composition Building boards Asbestos–cement board Gypsum or plaster board Plywood Sheathing, regular density Acoustic tile Hardboard, siding Hardboard, high density Particle board, low density Particle board, high density Woods Hardwoods (oak, maple) Softwoods (fir, pine) Masonry materials Cement mortar Brick, common Brick, face Clay tile, hollow 1 cell deep, 10 cm thick 3 cells deep, 30 cm thick Concrete block, 3 oval cores sand/gravel, 20 cm thick cinder aggregate, 20 cm thick Concrete block, rectangular core 2 cores, 20 cm thick, 16 kg same with filled cores Plastering materials Cement plaster, sand aggregate Gypsum plaster, sand aggregate Gypsum plaster, vermiculite aggregate Blanket and batt Glass fiber, paper faced

Glass fiber, coated; duct liner Board and slab Cellular glass Glass fiber, organic bonded Polystyrene, expanded extruded (R-12) molded beads Mineral fiberboard; roofing material Wood, shredded/cemented Cork

Density, ␳ (kg/m3)

Thermal Conductivity, k (W/m⭈ K)

Specific Heat, cp (J/kg ⭈K)

1920 800 545 290 290 640 1010 590 1000

0.58 0.17 0.12 0.055 0.058 0.094 0.15 0.078 0.170

— — 1215 1300 1340 1170 1380 1300 1300

720 510

0.16 0.12

1255 1380

1860 1920 2083

0.72 0.72 1.3

780 835 —

— —

0.52 0.69

— —

— —

1.0 0.67

— —

— —

1.1 0.60

— —

1860 1680 720

0.72 0.22 0.25

— 1085 —

16 28 40 32

0.046 0.038 0.035 0.038

— — — 835

145 105

0.058 0.036

1000 795

55 16 265

0.027 0.040 0.049

1210 1210 —

350 120

0.087 0.039

1590 1800 (continued)

85

86

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table I.4 (continued) Typical Properties at 300 K

Description/ Composition Loose fill Cork, granulated Diatomaceous silica, coarse powder Diatomaceous silica, fine powder Glass, fiber, poured or blown Vermiculite, flakes Formed/foamed-in-place Mineral wool granules with asbestos/inorganic binders, sprayed Polyvinyl acetate cork mastic; sprayed or troweled Urethane, two-part mixture; rigid foam Reflective Aluminum foil separating fluffy glass mats; 10–12 layers; evacuated; for cryogenic applications (150 K) Aluminum foil and glass paper laminate; 75–150 layers; evacuated; for cryogenic application (150 K) Typical silica powder, evacuated

Density, ␳ (kg/m3)

Thermal Conductivity, k (W/m⭈K)

Specific Heat, cp (J/kg ⭈K)

160 350 400 200 275 16 80 160

0.045 0.069 0.091 0.052 0.061 0.043 0.068 0.063

— — — — — 835 835 1000

190

0.046

—

—

0.100

—

70

0.026

1045

40

0.00016

—

120

0.000017

—

160

0.0017

—

Source: aAdapted from Incropera, F. P., and DeWitt, D. P., Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 3rd ed., Wiley, New York, 1990, with permission.

page 87

420 420 420 590 920 700 1145 1310

480 730 920

Felt, semirigid; organic bonded Felt, laminated; no binder

Blocks, boards, and pipe insulations Asbestos paper, laminated and corrugated 4-ply 6-ply 8-ply Magnesia, 85% Calcium silicate Cellular glass Diatomaceous silica

1530

920 815 450

Max Service Temp (K)

Blanket, alumina–silica fiber

Blankets Blanket, mineral fiber, metal reinforced Blanket, mineral fiber, glass; fine fiber, organic bonded

Description/ Composition 240

190 255 300 185 190 145 345 385

48 64 96 128 50–125 50 120

0.046

0.048

0.027

0.035 0.033 0.030 0.029 0.027

0.026

230

12 16 24 32 48

0.025

215

0.036

0.023

200

0.051

0.029

0.036 0.035 0.032 0.030 0.029

0.038

255

0.052

0.035 0.030

0.039 0.036 0.033 0.032 0.030

0.040

270

0.055

0.036 0.032

0.042 0.039 0.036 0.033 0.032

0.043

285

0.058

0.078 0.071 0.068

0.038 0.033

0.046 0.042 0.039 0.036 0.033

0.048

300

0.082 0.074 0.071 0.051 0.055 0.062

0.039 0.035

0.049 0.046 0.040 0.038 0.035

0.038 0.035 0.052

310

0.098 0.085 0.082 0.055 0.059 0.069

0.051 0.051

0.069 0.062 0.053 0.048 0.045

0.046 0.045 0.076

365

0.061 0.063 0.079

0.063 0.079 0.051

0.056 0.058

420

0.092 0.101

0.075

0.065

0.071 0.059 0.052 0.049

0.078 0.088

530

Typical Thermal Conductivity k (W/m ⭈ K) at Various Temperatures (K)

96–192 40–96 10

Typical Density (kg/m3)

Table I.5 Thermo-Physical Properties of Industrial Insulationa

0.098 0.100

0.089

0.087

0.105 0.087 0.076 0.068

645

(continued)

0.104 0.115

0.104

0.150 0.125 0.100 0.091

750

page 88

56 35 16 70

430 560

45 105 122 80

1255 922

— — —

Typical Density (kg/m3)

350 350 350 340

Max Service Temp (K)

0.036

0.023 0.023 0.026

200

0.039

0.023 0.023 0.029

215

0.042 0.056 0.049

0.022 0.023 0.030

230

0.043 0.058 0.051

0.023 0.025 0.033

240

0.046 0.061 0.055

0.023 0.025 0.035

255

0.049 0.063 0.058

0.025 0.026 0.036 0.029

270

0.038 0.051 0.065 0.061

0.026 0.027 0.038 0.030

285

0.039 0.053 0.068 0.063

0.027 0.029 0.040 0.032

300

0.042 0.056 0.071 0.066

0.108

0.071

0.033

0.029

310

0.115

0.079

365

0.123

0.088

420

0.137

0.105

530

Typical Thermal Conductivity k (W/m ⭈ K) at Various Temperatures (K)

Source: aAdapted from Incropera, F. P., and DeWitt, D. P., Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 3rd ed., Wiley, New York, 1990, with permission.

Polystyrene, rigid Extruded (R-12) Extruded (R-12) Molded beads Rubber, rigid foamed Insulating cement Mineral fiber (rock, slag, or glass) with clay binder with hydraulic setting binder Loose fill Cellulose, wood, or paper pulp Perlite, expanded Vermiculite, expanded

Description/ Composition

Table I.5 (continued)

0.123

645

750

Appendix J Radiation Properties of Selected Materials and Substances

Table J.1 Total, Normal (n), or Hemispherical (h) Emissivity of Selected Surfaces: Metallic Solids and Their Oxidesa Emissivity at Various Temperatures (K) Description/Composition

100

200

300

400

600

800

1000

0.03 0.06

0.04 0.07 0.82

0.05

0.06

0.10

0.12

0.14

0.03

0.03

0.04 0.50

0.04 0.58

0.04 0.80

0.03 0.07

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

1200

1500

2000

0.15 0.42

0.21

Aluminum Highly polished, film Foil, bright Anodized

(h) (h) (h)

0.02 0.06

Chromium Polished or plated

(n)

0.05

Copper Highly polished Stably oxidized

(h) (h)

Gold Highly polished or film Foil, bright

(h) (h)

Molybdenum Polished Shot-blasted, rough Stably oxidized

(h) (h) (h)

0.06 0.25 0.80

0.08 0.28 0.82

0.10 0.31

0.12 0.35

Nickel Polished Stably oxidized

(h) (h)

0.09 0.40

0.11 0.49

0.14 0.57

0.17

Platinum Polished

(h)

0.10

0.13

0.15

Silver Polished

(h)

0.02

0.02

0.03

0.05

0.08

Stainless steels Typical, polished Typical, cleaned Typical, lightly oxidized Typical, highly oxidized AISI 347, stably oxidized

(n) (n) (n) (n) (n)

0.17 0.22

0.17 0.22

0.19 0.24

0.23 0.28 0.33 0.67 0.88

0.30 0.35 0.40 0.70 0.89

Tantalum Polished Tungsten Polished

0.01 0.06

0.07

0.02 0.07

0.76

0.87

(h) (h)

2500

0.10

0.26

0.18

0.76 0.90 0.11

0.17

0.23

0.28

0.13

0.18

0.25

0.29

Source: aAdapted from Incropera, F. P., and DeWitt, D. P., Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 3rd ed., Wiley, New York, 1990, with permission.

page 89

90

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table J.2 Total, Normal (n), or Hemispherical (h) Emissivity of Selected Surfaces: Nonmetallic Substances Description/Composition

Temperature (K)

Emissivity E

Aluminum oxide

(n)

(h)

600 1000 1500 300

0.69 0.55 0.41 0.85–0.93

Asphalt pavement Building materials Asbestos sheet Brick, red Gypsum or plaster board Wood

(h) (h) (h) (h)

300 300 300 300

0.93–0.96 0.93–0.96 0.90–0.92 0.82–0.92

Cloth

(h)

300

0.75–0.90

Concrete

(h)

300

0.88–0.93

Glass, window

(h)

300

0.90–0.95

Ice

(h)

273

0.95–0.98

Paints Black (Parsons) White, acrylic White, zinc oxide

(h) (h) (h)

300 300 300

0.98 0.90 0.92

Paper, white

(h)

300

0.92–0.97

Pyrex

(n)

Pyroceram

(n)

300 600 1000 1200 300 600 1000 1500

0.82 0.80 0.71 0.62 0.85 0.78 0.69 0.57

Refractories (furnace liners) Alumina brick

(n)

800 1000 1400 1600 800 1000 1400 1600 800 1200 1400 1600 300 600 1000 1500 300 273 300 300 300 400 500 300 300

0.40 0.33 0.28 0.33 0.45 0.36 0.31 0.40 0.70 0.57 0.47 0.53 0.90 0.87 0.87 0.85 0.95 0.82–0.90 0.93–0.96 0.88–0.95 0.85 0.87 0.92 0.92–0.96 0.96

Magnesia brick

(n)

Kaolin insulating brick

(n)

Sand Silicon carbide

(h) (n)

Skin Snow Soil Rocks Teflon

(h) (h) (h) (h) (h)

Vegetation Water

(h) (h)

Source: aAdapted from Incropera, F. P., and DeWitt, D. P., Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 3rd ed., Wiley, New York, 1990, with permission.

Appendix K Mach Number Relationships for Compressible Flow

Table K.1 One-Dimensional, Isentropic, Variable-Area Flow of Air with Constant Properties (␥ ⫽ 1.4) Ma

0 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.10 2.20 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 ⬁

A A* ⬁ 5.8218 2.9635 2.0351 1.5901 1.3398 1.1882 1.09437 1.03823 1.00886 1.00000 1.00793 1.03044 1.06631 1.1149 1.1762 1.2502 1.3376 1.4390 1.5552 1.6875 1.8369 2.0050 2.1931 2.4031 2.6367 2.8960 3.1830 3.5001 3.8498 4.2346 6.7896 10.719 16.562 25.000 53.180 104.143 190.109 327.189 535.938 ⬁

P P0

R R0

T T0

1.00000 0.99303 0.97250 0.93947 0.89562 0.84302 0.78400 0.72092 0.65602 0.59126 0.52828 0.46835 0.41238 0.36092 0.31424 0.27240 0.23527 0.20259 0.17404 0.14924 0.12780 0.10935 0.09352 0.07997 0.06840 0.05853 0.05012 0.04295 0.03685 0.03165 0.02722 0.01311 0.00658 0.00346 189(10)–5 633(10)–6 242(10)–6 102(10)–6 474(10)–7 236(10)–7 0

1.00000 0.99502 0.98027 0.95638 0.92428 0.88517 0.84045 0.79158 0.74000 0.68704 0.63394 0.58169 0.53114 0.48291 0.43742 0.39498 0.35573 0.31969 0.28682 0.25699 0.23005 0.20580 0.18405 0.16458 0.14720 0.13169 0.11787 0.10557 0.09462 0.08489 0.07623 0.04523 0.02766 0.01745 0.01134 0.00519 0.00261 0.00141 0.000815 0.000495 0

1.00000 0.99800 0.99206 0.98232 0.96899 0.95238 0.93284 0.91075 0.88652 0.86058 0.83333 0.80515 0.77640 0.74738 0.71839 0.68965 0.66138 0.63372 0.60680 0.58072 0.55556 0.53135 0.50813 0.48591 0.46468 0.44444 0.42517 0.40684 0.38941 0.37286 0.35714 0.28986 0.23810 0.19802 0.16667 0.12195 0.09259 0.07246 0.05814 0.04762 0 page 91

92

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table K.2 One-Dimensional Normal-Shock Functions for Air with Constant Properties (␥ ⫽ 1.4) Max

May

1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50 1.60 1.70 1.80 1.90 2.00 2.10 2.20 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 4.00 5.00 10.00 ⬁

1.00000 0.91177 0.84217 0.78596 0.73971 0.70109 0.66844 0.64055 0.61650 0.59562 0.57735 0.56128 0.54706 0.53441 0.52312 0.51299 0.50387 0.49563 0.48817 0.48138 0.47519 0.43496 0.41523 0.38757 0.37796

Py

Ry

Ty

P0y

P0y

Px

Rx

Tx

P0x

Px

1.00000 0.99892 0.99280 0.97935 0.95819 0.92978 0.89520 0.85573 0.81268 0.76735 0.72088 0.67422 0.62812 0.58331 0.54015 0.49902 0.46012 0.42359 0.38946 0.35773 0.32834 0.13876 0.06172 0.00304 0

1.8929 2.1328 2.4075 2.7135 3.0493 3.4133 3.8049 4.2238 4.6695 5.1417 5.6405 6.1655 6.7163 7.2937 7.8969 8.5262 9.1813 9.8625 10.569 11.302 12.061 21.068 32.654 129.217 ⬁

1.0000 1.2450 1.5133 1.8050 2.1200 2.4583 2.8201 3.2050 3.6133 4.0450 4.5000 4.9784 5.4800 6.0050 6.5533 7.1250 7.7200 8.3383 8.9800 9.6450 10.333 18.500 29.000 116.50 ⬁

1.0000 1.1691 1.3416 1.5157 1.6896 1.8621 2.0317 2.1977 2.3592 2.5157 2.6666 2.8119 2.9512 3.0846 3.2119 3.3333 3.4489 3.5590 3.6635 3.7629 3.8571 4.5714 5.0000 5.7143 6.000

1.0000 1.0649 1.1280 1.1909 1.2547 1.3202 1.3880 1.4583 1.5316 1.6079 1.6875 1.7704 1.8569 1.9468 2.0403 2.1375 2.2383 2.3429 2.4512 2.5632 2.6790 4.0469 5.8000 20.388 ⬁

Appendix L Psychrometry Chart

100

.030

0.95

90

30

.028 .026

ir

80

dr

ya

.024

/kg

70

.020 .018

,° re tu pe

ra

40

20

%

90

%

tio ra

%

or

sa

tu

60

lb bu W et

40%

0.80

, 10%

ty

midi

hu tive Rela

.006

ry air

20%

.008

3 gd m /k

30%

0

.010

, lume

10

0

50% 0.85

10

.012

ic vo

20

.014

%

70

if Spec

30

.016

80

nt

em

Sp

ec

if i

ce

nth

C

50

0.90

alp yo

fm

ois

ta

60

Humidity ratio, kg water/kg dry air

ir,

kJ

.022

.004 .002 .000

−10

0

10

20 30 Dry bulb temperature, °C

40

50

FIGURE L.1

Psychrometric chart in SI units (P ⫽ 1 atm). Adapted with permission from Z. Zhang and M. B. Pate, “A Methodology for Implementing a Psychrometric Chart in a Computer Graphics System,” ASHRAE Transactions, Vol. 94, Pt. 1, 1988. page 93

Appendix M Properties of the Atmosphere at High Altitude Table M.1 Properties of the Atmosphere at High Altitude* Altitude (m)

Temperature (⬚C)

Pressure (kPa)

Density (kg/m3)

Acceleration due to Gravity (m/s2)

Speed of Sound (m/s)

Viscosity (N ⴢ s/m2)

Thermal Conductivity (W/mⴢK)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4200 4400 4600 4800 5000 5200 5400 5600 5800 6000 6200 6400 6600 6800 7000 8000 9000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000

15.0 13.7 12.4 11.1 9.80 8.50 7.20 5.90 4.60 3.30 2.00 0.70 0.59 ⫺1.89 ⫺3.19 ⫺4.49 ⫺5.79 ⫺7.09 ⫺8.39 ⫺9.69 ⫺11.0 ⫺12.3 ⫺13.6 ⫺14.9 ⫺16.2 ⫺17.5 ⫺18.8 ⫺20.1 ⫺21.4 ⫺22.7 ⫺24.0 ⫺25.3 ⫺26.6 ⫺27.9 ⫺29.2 ⫺30.5 ⫺36.9 ⫺43.4 ⫺49.9 ⫺56.5 ⫺56.5 ⫺56.5 ⫺56.5 ⫺56.5

101.32 98.945 96.611 94.322 92.078 89.876 87.718 85.602 83.528 81.494 79.501 77.548 75.634 73.759 71.921 70.121 68.358 66.631 64.939 63.282 61.660 60.072 58.518 56.996 55.506 54.048 52.622 51.226 49.860 48.524 47.218 45.940 44.690 43.468 42.273 41.105 35.652 30.801 26.500 19.399 14.170 10.353 7.5652 5.5293

1.2250 1.2017 1.1786 1.1560 1.1337 1.1117 1.0900 1.0687 1.0476 1.0269 1.0066 0.98648 0.96672 0.94726 0.92811 0.90925 0.89069 0.87243 0.85445 0.83676 0.81935 0.80222 0.78536 0.76878 0.75247 0.73643 0.72065 0.70513 0.68987 0.67486 0.66011 0.64561 0.63135 0.61733 0.60356 0.59002 0.52579 0.46706 0.41351 0.31194 0.22786 0.16647 0.12165 0.088910

9.8066 9.8060 9.8054 9.8048 9.8042 9.8036 9.8029 9.8023 9.8017 9.8011 9.8005 9.7999 9.7992 9.7986 9.7980 9.7974 9.7968 9.7962 9.7956 9.7949 9.7943 9.7937 9.7931 9.7925 9.7919 9.7912 9.7906 9.7900 9.7894 9.7888 9.7882 9.7875 9.7869 9.7863 9.7857 9.7851 9.7820 9.7789 9.7759 9.7697 9.7636 9.7575 9.7513 9.7452

340.29 339.53 338.76 337.98 337.21 336.43 335.66 334.88 334.10 333.32 332.53 331.75 330.96 330.17 329.38 328.58 327.79 326.99 326.19 325.39 324.59 323.78 322.98 322.17 321.36 320.55 319.73 318.91 318.10 317.27 316.45 315.63 314.80 313.97 313.14 312.31 308.11 303.85 299.53 295.07 295.07 295.07 295.07 295.07

0.000017894 0.000017831 0.000017768 0.000017705 0.000017642 0.000017579 0.000017515 0.000017451 0.000017388 0.000017324 0.000017260 0.000017196 0.000017131 0.000017067 0.000017002 0.000016938 0.000016873 0.000016808 0.000016743 0.000016677 0.000016612 0.000016546 0.000016481 0.000016415 0.000016349 0.000016282 0.000016216 0.000016150 0.000016083 0.000016016 0.000015949 0.000015882 0.000015815 0.000015748 0.000015680 0.000015612 0.000015271 0.000014926 0.000014577 0.000014216 0.000014216 0.000014216 0.000014216 0.000014216

0.025326 0.025224 0.025121 0.025019 0.024916 0.024813 0.024710 0.024607 0.024504 0.024401 0.024298 0.024194 0.024091 0.023987 0.023883 0.023779 0.023675 0.023571 0.023466 0.023362 0.023257 0.023152 0.023047 0.022942 0.022837 0.022732 0.022627 0.022521 0.022415 0.022310 0.022204 0.022098 0.021991 0.021885 0.021779 0.021672 0.021138 0.020600 0.020059 0.019505 0.019505 0.019505 0.019505 0.019505

*United States Committee on Extension to the Standard Atmosphere, “U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976,” National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, United States Air Force, Washington D.C., 1976.

page 94

Part Two

U.S. Customary Units, Appendices AE—ME

Appendix AE Thermodynamic Properties of Refrigerant-134a

page 97

page 98

Sat. Liquid, vf 0.011299 0.011429 0.011565 0.011635 0.011706 0.011779 0.011853 0.011929 0.012007 0.012086 0.012168 0.012251 0.012337 0.012425 0.012515 0.012608 0.012703 0.012802 0.012903 0.013008 0.013116 0.013229 0.013345 0.013465 0.013590 0.013720 0.013856 0.013998 0.014146 0.014301 0.014464 0.015214 0.016191 0.017588 0.020096 0.023150

Press., Psat, psia

7.4272 9.8624 12.898 14.671 16.632 18.794 21.171 23.777 26.628 29.739 33.124 36.800 40.784 45.092 49.741 54.749 60.134 65.913 72.105 78.729 85.805 93.351 101.39 109.93 119.01 128.65 138.85 149.65 161.07 173.14 185.86 243.92 314.73 400.34 503.59 563.35

Temp., °F

⫺40 ⫺30 ⫺20 ⫺15 ⫺10 ⫺5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 140 160 180 200 210

5.7839 4.4330 3.4449 3.0514 2.7109 2.4154 2.1579 1.9330 1.7357 1.5623 1.4094 1.2742 1.1543 1.0478 0.95280 0.86796 0.79198 0.72380 0.66246 0.60718 0.55724 0.51204 0.47104 0.43379 0.39988 0.36896 0.34070 0.31483 0.29111 0.26933 0.24928 0.18332 0.13428 0.096375 0.064663 0.047695

Sat. Vapor, vg

Specific Volume, ft3/lbm

63.718 66.725 69.756 71.281 72.812 74.350 75.894 77.445 79.002 80.567 82.140 83.720 85.307 86.903 88.507 90.120 91.742 93.372 95.013 96.663 98.324 99.995 101.68 103.37 105.08 106.80 108.53 110.28 112.04 113.82 115.62 123.00 130.79 139.24 149.07 155.85

Sat. Liquid, uf 152.95 154.32 155.69 156.38 157.06 157.75 158.43 159.11 159.79 160.47 161.14 161.82 162.49 163.15 163.81 164.47 165.12 165.77 166.41 167.05 167.67 168.30 168.91 169.51 170.11 170.69 171.26 171.82 172.37 172.90 173.41 175.26 176.64 177.19 175.80 172.50

Sat. Vapor, ug

Internal Energy, Btu/lbm

Table AE.1 Saturation Properties of Refrigerant R-134a: Temperature Increments

63.733 66.746 69.784 71.313 72.848 74.391 75.940 77.497 79.062 80.634 82.214 83.803 85.401 87.007 88.623 90.248 91.883 93.529 95.185 96.853 98.532 100.22 101.93 103.65 105.38 107.13 108.89 110.67 112.46 114.28 116.12 123.69 131.74 140.54 150.95 158.26

Sat. Liquid, hf 97.167 95.664 94.136 93.357 92.562 91.759 90.950 90.123 89.288 88.436 87.576 86.697 85.799 84.893 83.967 83.022 82.057 81.071 80.075 79.047 77.998 76.930 75.820 74.690 73.540 72.350 71.130 69.880 68.590 67.250 65.870 59.850 52.720 43.790 30.880 19.220

Evap., hfg

Enthalpy, Btu/lbm

160.90 162.41 163.92 164.67 165.41 166.15 166.89 167.62 168.35 169.07 169.79 170.50 171.20 171.90 172.59 173.27 173.94 174.60 175.26 175.90 176.53 177.15 177.75 178.34 178.92 179.48 180.02 180.55 181.05 181.53 181.99 183.54 184.46 184.33 181.83 177.48

Sat. Vapor, hg 0.19016 0.19724 0.20421 0.20766 0.21109 0.21449 0.21786 0.22122 0.22456 0.22787 0.23117 0.23445 0.23771 0.24095 0.24418 0.24739 0.25059 0.25378 0.25695 0.26011 0.26327 0.26641 0.26955 0.27268 0.27580 0.27892 0.28204 0.28515 0.28827 0.29139 0.29451 0.30708 0.31995 0.33350 0.34896 0.35960

Sat. Liquid, sf 0.42169 0.41989 0.41831 0.41760 0.41693 0.41631 0.41572 0.41518 0.41467 0.41419 0.41374 0.41332 0.41293 0.41257 0.41222 0.41190 0.41159 0.41131 0.41103 0.41077 0.41052 0.41028 0.41005 0.40982 0.40959 0.40937 0.40914 0.40891 0.40867 0.40842 0.40815 0.40689 0.40503 0.40196 0.39577 0.38830

Sat. Vapor, sg

Entropy, Btu/lbm ⴢ R

page 99

5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 350 400 450 500

Press., psia

⫺53.066 ⫺29.497 ⫺14.125 ⫺2.4046 7.1984 15.401 29.047 40.267 49.880 58.338 65.922 72.819 79.159 90.526 100.55 109.54 117.73 125.26 132.25 138.77 144.89 150.67 156.15 168.70 179.93 190.09 199.37

Temp., Tsat °F, 0.011135 0.011436 0.011647 0.011817 0.011963 0.012093 0.012320 0.012520 0.012701 0.012869 0.013028 0.013179 0.013325 0.013604 0.013871 0.014132 0.014389 0.014645 0.014902 0.015163 0.015428 0.015699 0.015978 0.016727 0.017582 0.018614 0.019977

Sat. Liquid, vf 8.3793 4.3756 2.9882 2.2774 1.8431 1.5493 1.1761 0.94802 0.79371 0.68214 0.59758 0.53121 0.47767 0.39650 0.33777 0.29321 0.25818 0.22988 0.20649 0.18682 0.17001 0.15546 0.14271 0.11671 0.096497 0.079969 0.065644

Sat. Vapor, vg

Specific Volume, ft3/lbm

59.821 66.877 71.548 75.150 78.129 80.693 85.004 88.593 91.703 94.467 96.969 99.265 101.39 105.26 108.72 111.88 114.80 117.53 120.10 122.54 124.86 127.10 129.25 134.36 139.20 143.92 148.72

Sat. Liquid, uf 151.16 154.39 156.50 158.10 159.41 160.52 162.36 163.85 165.11 166.20 167.16 168.03 168.81 170.17 171.32 172.32 173.18 173.93 174.59 175.16 175.65 176.07 176.42 177.01 177.19 176.88 175.91

Sat. Vapor, ug

Internal Energy, Btu/lbm

Table AE.2 Saturation Properties of Refrigerant R-134a: Pressure Increments

59.832 66.898 71.581 75.194 78.184 80.760 85.095 88.709 91.844 94.633 97.162 99.484 101.64 105.56 109.08 112.30 115.28 118.07 120.70 123.21 125.61 127.91 130.14 135.45 140.51 145.47 150.57

Sat. Liquid, hf 99.088 95.592 93.219 91.346 89.756 88.370 85.975 83.921 82.086 80.407 78.858 77.396 76.010 73.420 71.000 68.700 66.510 64.380 62.300 60.250 58.230 56.220 54.210 49.130 43.820 38.070 31.410

Evap., hfg

Enthalpy, Btu/lbm

158.92 162.49 164.80 166.54 167.94 169.13 171.07 172.63 173.93 175.04 176.02 176.88 177.65 178.98 180.08 181.00 181.79 182.45 183.00 183.46 183.84 184.13 184.35 184.58 184.33 183.54 181.98

Sat. Vapor, hg

0.18072 0.19759 0.20826 0.21624 0.22269 0.22814 0.23709 0.24435 0.25051 0.25590 0.26070 0.26504 0.26902 0.27613 0.28238 0.28798 0.29309 0.29780 0.30218 0.30630 0.31019 0.31389 0.31743 0.32572 0.33345 0.34089 0.34840

Sat. Liquid, sf

0.42441 0.41980 0.41748 0.41600 0.41495 0.41415 0.41301 0.41220 0.41160 0.41112 0.41073 0.41039 0.41009 0.40957 0.40911 0.40869 0.40827 0.40786 0.40743 0.40698 0.40651 0.40600 0.40546 0.40390 0.40197 0.39948 0.39607

Sat. Vapor, sg

Entropy, Btu/lbm ⴢR

100

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table AE.3 Superheated Vapor Table AE.3A

P ⫽ 10 psia (Tsat ⫽ ⫺29.497⬚F)

T, ⬚F

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbmⴢ R

Sat. –20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

4.3756 4.4856 4.7136 4.938 5.1601 5.3802 5.599 5.8166 6.0332 6.249 6.4643 6.6789 6.8931 7.1069

154.39 155.93 159.21 162.57 166 169.52 173.13 176.82 180.6 184.47 188.43 192.47 196.6 200.81

162.49 164.23 167.94 171.71 175.56 179.49 183.5 187.59 191.78 196.04 200.4 204.84 209.36 213.97

0.4198 0.42382 0.43206 0.44009 0.44795 0.45565 0.46323 0.47068 0.47802 0.48526 0.4924 0.49945 0.50641 0.5133

Table AE.3B

P ⫽ 15 psia (Tsat ⫽ ⫺14.125⬚F)

T, ⬚F

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbmⴢ R

Sat. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

2.9882 3.1001 3.2552 3.4074 3.5577 3.7065 3.854 4.0006 4.1464 4.2916 4.4361 4.5802 4.7239

156.5 158.87 162.28 165.76 169.3 172.94 176.65 180.45 184.33 188.3 192.35 196.48 200.71

164.8 167.49 171.32 175.22 179.19 183.23 187.35 191.56 195.85 200.22 204.67 209.21 213.83

0.41748 0.42342 0.43159 0.43955 0.44734 0.45497 0.46247 0.46985 0.47712 0.48429 0.49137 0.49835 0.50525

Table AE.3C

P ⫽ 20 psia (Tsat ⫽ ⫺2.4046⬚F)

T, ⬚F

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbmⴢ R

Sat. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

2.2774 2.2922 2.413 2.5306 2.6461 2.76 2.8726 2.9842 3.095 3.2051 3.3147 3.4237 3.5324

158.1 158.52 161.99 165.5 169.08 172.74 176.47 180.29 184.18 188.16 192.23 196.37 200.6

166.54 167.01 170.92 174.87 178.88 182.96 187.11 191.34 195.65 200.03 204.5 209.05 213.68

0.416 0.41702 0.42536 0.43343 0.4413 0.449 0.45655 0.46397 0.47128 0.47848 0.48557 0.49258 0.49949

Appendix AE

Table AE.3D

Thermodynamic Properties of Refrigerant-134a

P ⫽ 30 psia (Tsat ⫽ 15.401⬚F)

T, ⬚F

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbmⴢ R

Sat. 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

1.5493 1.5691 1.6528 1.7338 1.813 1.8908 1.9675 2.0434 2.1185 2.1931 2.2672 2.3408

160.52 161.35 164.97 168.62 172.33 176.11 179.96 183.89 187.9 191.98 196.15 200.39

169.13 170.07 174.15 178.26 182.41 186.62 190.89 195.24 199.67 204.16 208.74 213.4

0.41415 0.41612 0.42446 0.43251 0.44035 0.44801 0.45551 0.46289 0.47014 0.47729 0.48434 0.49129

Table AE.3E

P ⫽ 40 psia (Tsat ⫽ 29.047⬚F)

T, ⬚F

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbmⴢ R

Sat. 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280

1.1761 1.2126 1.2768 1.3389 1.3995 1.4589 1.5173 1.5751 1.6322 1.6888 1.7449 1.8007 1.8562 1.9114

162.36 164.41 168.15 171.92 175.74 179.63 183.59 187.63 191.73 195.92 200.18 204.53 208.95 213.45

171.07 173.39 177.6 181.83 186.11 190.44 194.83 199.29 203.82 208.43 213.11 217.86 222.7 227.61

0.41301 0.4177 0.42597 0.43396 0.44173 0.44933 0.45678 0.4641 0.4713 0.47839 0.48537 0.49227 0.49908 0.50581

Table AE.3F

P ⫽ 50 psia (Tsat ⫽ 40.267⬚F)

T, ⬚F

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbmⴢ R

Sat. 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280

0.94802 1.0019 1.054 1.1043 1.1534 1.2015 1.2488 1.2955 1.3416 1.3873 1.4326 1.4776 1.5223

163.85 167.64 171.49 175.36 179.29 183.29 187.35 191.48 195.69 199.97 204.33 208.76 213.28

172.63 176.92 181.24 185.59 189.97 194.41 198.91 203.48 208.11 212.82 217.59 222.44 227.37

0.4122 0.42063 0.42879 0.4367 0.4444 0.45192 0.45931 0.46656 0.47369 0.48071 0.48764 0.49448 0.50123

101

102

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table AE.3G

P ⫽ 60 psia (Tsat ⫽ 49.880⬚F)

T, ⬚F

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbmⴢ R

Sat. 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300

0.79371 0.8179 0.86356 0.90725 0.94955 0.99079 1.0312 1.0709 1.1101 1.1489 1.1872 1.2252 1.2629 1.3004

165.11 167.11 171.03 174.97 178.95 182.98 187.07 191.23 195.46 199.76 204.13 208.58 213.1 217.71

173.93 176.2 180.63 185.05 189.5 193.99 198.53 203.13 207.79 212.52 217.32 222.19 227.14 232.15

0.4116 0.41601 0.42438 0.43243 0.44024 0.44785 0.4553 0.4626 0.46978 0.47684 0.4838 0.49067 0.49745 0.50414

Table AE.3H

P ⫽ 70 psia (Tsat ⫽ 58.338⬚F)

T, ⬚F

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbmⴢ R

Sat. 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300

0.68214 0.68572 0.7271 0.76618 0.80372 0.84013 0.87565 0.91047 0.94472 0.97849 1.0119 1.0449 1.0776 1.1101

166.2 166.54 170.56 174.57 178.59 182.66 186.78 190.97 195.22 199.54 203.93 208.39 212.93 217.54

175.04 175.43 179.99 184.5 189.01 193.55 198.13 202.77 207.46 212.22 217.05 221.94 226.9 231.93

0.41112 0.41186 0.42048 0.42869 0.43661 0.44431 0.45183 0.45919 0.46642 0.47352 0.48051 0.48741 0.49421 0.50092

Table AE.3I

P ⫽ 80 psia (Tsat ⫽ 65.922⬚F)

T, ⬚F

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbmⴢ R

Sat. 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320

0.59758 0.6243 0.66009 0.69416 0.72699 0.75888 0.79004 0.8206 0.85066 0.88031 0.90962 0.93862 0.96737 0.9959

167.16 170.07 174.15 178.23 182.34 186.49 190.71 194.98 199.32 203.73 208.21 212.76 217.38 222.08

176.02 179.32 183.93 188.51 193.11 197.74 202.41 207.14 211.92 216.77 221.68 226.66 231.71 236.83

0.41073 0.41693 0.42531 0.43336 0.44116 0.44875 0.45617 0.46345 0.47059 0.47762 0.48454 0.49137 0.49811 0.50476

Appendix AE

Table AE.3J

Thermodynamic Properties of Refrigerant-134a

P ⫽ 90 psia (Tsat ⫽ 72.819⬚F)

T, ⬚F

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbm·R

Sat. 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320

0.53121 0.54389 0.57729 0.60874 0.63885 0.66796 0.69629 0.724 0.7512 0.77797 0.80438 0.83049 0.85634 0.88196

168.03 169.55 173.71 177.85 182.01 186.2 190.44 194.74 199.1 203.52 208.02 212.58 217.22 221.92

176.88 178.61 183.33 188 192.65 197.33 202.04 206.8 211.62 216.49 221.42 226.42 231.49 236.62

0.41039 0.41362 0.42221 0.4304 0.4383 0.44597 0.45345 0.46078 0.46797 0.47503 0.48198 0.48884 0.49559 0.50227

Table AE.3K

P ⫽ 100 psia (Tsat ⫽ 79.159⬚F)

T, ⬚F

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s,Btu/lbmⴢR

Sat. 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320

0.47767 0.47907 0.51077 0.54023 0.56822 0.59513 0.62123 0.64667 0.67158 0.69606 0.72017 0.74397 0.7675 0.7908

168.81 168.99 173.26 177.47 181.67 185.9 190.17 194.49 198.87 203.32 207.83 212.4 217.05 221.77

177.65 177.86 182.72 187.47 192.19 196.92 201.67 206.47 211.31 216.2 221.16 226.18 231.26 236.41

0.41009 0.41047 0.41931 0.42766 0.43566 0.44342 0.45097 0.45835 0.46558 0.47268 0.47966 0.48654 0.49332 0.50001

Table AE.3L

P ⫽ 120 psia (Tsat ⫽ 90.526⬚F)

T, ⬚F

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbmⴢ R

Sat. 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320

0.3965 0.41013 0.43693 0.46191 0.48564 0.50845 0.53054 0.55207 0.57312 0.59379 0.61414 0.6342 0.65403

170.17 172.28 176.65 180.97 185.28 189.61 193.99 198.41 202.9 207.44 212.04 216.72 221.46

178.98 181.4 186.36 191.23 196.07 200.91 205.78 210.68 215.63 220.63 225.69 230.81 235.99

0.40957 0.41393 0.42264 0.4309 0.43884 0.44653 0.45402 0.46134 0.46852 0.47557 0.4825 0.48933 0.49606

103

104

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table AE.3M

P ⫽ 140 psia (Tsat ⫽ 100.55⬚F)

T, ⬚F

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbmⴢ R

Sat. 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340

0.33777 0.36243 0.38551 0.40711 0.42767 0.44743 0.46658 0.48522 0.50346 0.52135 0.53895 0.55631 0.57345

171.32 175.77 180.22 184.63 189.04 193.47 197.95 202.47 207.04 211.68 216.38 221.14 225.97

180.08 185.17 190.22 195.18 200.12 205.07 210.04 215.05 220.1 225.2 230.35 235.56 240.84

0.40911 0.41805 0.4266 0.43475 0.4426 0.45022 0.45764 0.4649 0.47201 0.479 0.48588 0.49265 0.49933

Table AE.3N

P ⫽ 160 psia (Tsat ⫽ 109.54⬚F)

T, ⬚F

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbmⴢ R

Sat. 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340

0.29321 0.30578 0.32774 0.34791 0.36687 0.38494 0.40235 0.41921 0.43564 0.45171 0.46748 0.48299 0.49829

172.32 174.82 179.43 183.95 188.44 192.94 197.47 202.03 206.64 211.31 216.03 220.82 225.67

181 183.87 189.14 194.26 199.31 204.34 209.39 214.45 219.55 224.69 229.88 235.13 240.44

0.40869 0.41368 0.42262 0.43101 0.43904 0.44679 0.45431 0.46166 0.46884 0.47589 0.48282 0.48964 0.49635

Table AE.3O

P ⫽ 180 psia (Tsat ⫽ 117.73⬚F)

T, ⬚F

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbmⴢ R

Sat. 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340

0.25818 0.26083 0.28231 0.30154 0.31936 0.33619 0.35228 0.36779 0.38284 0.39751 0.41186 0.42595 0.43981

173.18 173.75 178.58 183.23 187.82 192.39 196.97 201.58 206.23 210.93 215.69 220.5 225.37

181.79 182.44 187.99 193.28 198.46 203.6 208.71 213.84 218.99 224.18 229.41 234.69 240.03

0.40827 0.40941 0.41882 0.4275 0.43573 0.44363 0.45127 0.45871 0.46597 0.47308 0.48006 0.48692 0.49368

Appendix AE

Table AE.3P

Thermodynamic Properties of Refrigerant-134a

P ⫽ 200 psia (Tsat ⫽ 125.26⬚F)

T, ⬚F

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbmⴢ R

Sat. 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340

0.22988 0.24541 0.26412 0.28115 0.29705 0.31213 0.32658 0.34055 0.35411 0.36734 0.38029 0.39301

173.93 177.66 182.48 187.17 191.82 196.46 201.12 205.82 210.55 215.33 220.17 225.06

182.45 186.75 192.26 197.58 202.82 208.02 213.22 218.43 223.66 228.94 234.25 239.62

0.40786 0.41512 0.42416 0.43262 0.44068 0.44845 0.45599 0.46333 0.4705 0.47754 0.48444 0.49124

Table AE.3Q

P ⫽ 300 psia (Tsat ⫽ 156.15⬚F)

T, ⬚F

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbmⴢ R

Sat. 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340

0.14271 0.14656 0.16356 0.17777 0.19044 0.20211 0.21306 0.22347 0.23346 0.2431 0.25247

176.42 177.63 183.34 188.6 193.67 198.65 203.59 208.53 213.48 218.46 223.48

184.35 185.77 192.42 198.48 204.25 209.88 215.43 220.95 226.45 231.97 237.51

0.40546 0.40776 0.41833 0.42765 0.43627 0.44443 0.45226 0.45982 0.46716 0.47433 0.48134

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbmⴢ R

177.19 177.22 184.33 190.26 195.77 201.09 206.31 211.48 216.64 221.81

184.33 184.37 192.81 199.7 206.03 212.08 217.98 223.78 229.54 235.29

0.40197 0.40203 0.41502 0.42532 0.4345 0.44303 0.45111 0.45886 0.46634 0.47361

Table AE.3R T, ⬚F Sat. 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340

P ⫽ 400 psia (Tsat ⫽ 179.93⬚F) v, ft3/lbm 0.096497 0.096581 0.1144 0.12746 0.13853 0.14844 0.15756 0.16611 0.17423 0.18201

105

Appendix BE Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

Table BE.1 CO (Molecular Weight ⫽ 28.010, Enthalpy of Formation at 298 K ⫽ –47,532.8 Btu/lbmol) T (R) 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 536.67 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 1000 1020 1040 page 106

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 6.813 6.826 6.839 6.852 6.864 6.875 6.886 6.896 6.907 6.917 6.926 6.936 6.944 6.945 6.954 6.964 6.973 6.982 6.991 7.001 7.010 7.020 7.030 7.040 7.050 7.061 7.072 7.083 7.095 7.106 7.119 7.131 7.144 7.158 7.171 7.186 7.200 7.215 7.230

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) ⫺1628.916 ⫺1492.527 ⫺1355.872 ⫺1218.962 ⫺1081.810 ⫺944.425 ⫺806.817 ⫺668.994 ⫺530.964 ⫺392.733 ⫺254.305 ⫺115.684 0 23.125 162.120 301.301 440.667 580.217 719.952 859.874 999.986 1140.289 1280.789 1421.487 1562.390 1703.503 1844.830 1986.378 2128.153 2270.162 2412.411 2554.909 2697.662 2840.679 2983.967 3127.534 3271.389 3415.539 3559.993

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 43.184 43.624 44.038 44.429 44.800 45.153 45.488 45.809 46.116 46.410 46.692 46.964 47.183 47.226 47.479 47.723 47.959 48.188 48.410 48.625 48.834 49.038 49.236 49.428 49.616 49.799 49.978 50.153 50.324 50.491 50.655 50.815 50.972 51.125 51.276 51.424 51.569 51.712 51.852

Appendix BE

T (R) 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220 1240 1260 1280 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 1600 1620 1640 1660 1680 1700 1720 1740 1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1940 1980 2020 2060 2100 2140 2180 2220 2260 2300

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 7.246 7.262 7.279 7.296 7.314 7.331 7.349 7.368 7.387 7.406 7.425 7.445 7.465 7.485 7.506 7.526 7.547 7.568 7.589 7.610 7.631 7.651 7.672 7.693 7.714 7.734 7.754 7.774 7.793 7.812 7.831 7.849 7.866 7.883 7.899 7.915 7.929 7.943 7.956 7.969 7.981 7.994 8.006 8.031 8.055 8.078 8.101 8.124 8.145 8.167 8.188 8.208 8.228

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 3704.759 3849.845 3995.260 4141.010 4287.105 4433.552 4580.358 4727.530 4875.075 5023.000 5171.310 5320.013 5469.112 5618.612 5768.519 5918.835 6069.564 6220.709 6372.271 6524.252 6676.652 6829.470 6982.706 7136.358 7290.423 7444.898 7599.776 7755.054 7910.725 8066.780 8223.211 8380.008 8537.160 8694.654 8852.478 9010.616 9169.053 9327.771 9486.755 9645.997 9805.496 9965.248 10125.251 10445.999 10767.715 11090.380 11413.971 11738.467 12063.846 12390.090 12717.177 13045.088 13373.803

107

s ⴗ(T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 51.990 52.126 52.259 52.391 52.520 52.647 52.773 52.896 53.018 53.139 53.257 53.374 53.490 53.604 53.717 53.828 53.938 54.047 54.154 54.261 54.366 54.470 54.573 54.674 54.775 54.875 54.973 55.071 55.168 55.263 55.358 55.452 55.545 55.637 55.729 55.819 55.908 55.997 56.085 56.172 56.258 56.344 56.428 56.595 56.759 56.921 57.079 57.235 57.389 57.540 57.689 57.835 57.979 (continued)

108

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table BE.1 (continued)

T (R) 2340 2380 2420 2460 2500 2540 2580 2620 2660 2700 2740 2780 2820 2860 2900 2940 2980 3020 3060 3100 3140 3180 3220 3260 3300 3340 3380 3420 3460 3500 3540 3580 3620 3660 3700 3740 3780 3820 3860 3900 3940 3980 4020 4060 4100 4140 4180 4220 4260 4300 4340 4380 4420 4460

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 8.247 8.266 8.285 8.303 8.320 8.337 8.354 8.371 8.386 8.402 8.417 8.432 8.446 8.460 8.474 8.487 8.500 8.513 8.525 8.537 8.549 8.560 8.571 8.582 8.593 8.603 8.613 8.623 8.632 8.641 8.650 8.659 8.667 8.676 8.684 8.691 8.699 8.706 8.713 8.720 8.727 8.734 8.740 8.746 8.753 8.759 8.764 8.770 8.775 8.781 8.786 8.791 8.796 8.801

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 13703.304 14033.572 14364.588 14696.334 15028.793 15361.948 15695.781 16030.276 16365.417 16701.186 17037.570 17374.552 17712.117 18050.251 18388.939 18728.167 19067.921 19408.187 19748.953 20090.205 20431.931 20774.118 21116.755 21459.828 21803.328 22147.241 22491.559 22836.268 23181.360 23526.824 23872.650 24218.828 24565.349 24912.203 25259.382 25606.877 25954.678 26302.779 26651.170 26999.845 27348.794 27698.012 28047.491 28397.223 28747.202 29097.422 29447.876 29798.558 30149.463 30500.583 30851.914 31203.451 31555.188 31907.120

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 58.121 58.261 58.399 58.535 58.669 58.801 58.932 59.060 59.187 59.313 59.436 59.558 59.679 59.798 59.916 60.032 60.147 60.260 60.372 60.483 60.592 60.701 60.808 60.914 61.018 61.122 61.224 61.326 61.426 61.525 61.624 61.721 61.817 61.912 62.007 62.100 62.193 62.284 62.375 62.465 62.554 62.642 62.730 62.816 62.902 62.987 63.071 63.155 63.237 63.319 63.401 63.481 63.561 63.641

Appendix BE

T (R) 4500 4540 4580 4620 4660 4700 4740 4780 4820 4860 4900 5000 5100 5200 5300 5400 5500 5600 5700 5800 5900 6000 6100 6200 6300 6400 6500 6600 6700 6800 6900 7000 7100 7200 7300 7400 7500 7600 7700 7800 7900 8000 8100 8200 8300 8400 8500 8600 8700 8800 8900 9000

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 8.805 8.810 8.815 8.819 8.823 8.827 8.831 8.835 8.839 8.843 8.847 8.856 8.864 8.873 8.881 8.888 8.896 8.903 8.910 8.917 8.923 8.930 8.937 8.943 8.950 8.956 8.963 8.969 8.976 8.982 8.989 8.995 9.002 9.008 9.015 9.021 9.027 9.033 9.039 9.045 9.050 9.056 9.061 9.065 9.070 9.073 9.077 9.080 9.082 9.083 9.084 9.084

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 32259.242 32611.550 32964.040 33316.706 33669.545 34022.552 34375.725 34729.058 35082.549 35436.195 35789.992 36675.124 37561.137 38447.991 39335.652 40224.088 41113.275 42003.191 42893.815 43785.135 44677.136 45569.809 46463.147 47357.144 48251.796 49147.101 50043.058 50939.665 51836.923 52734.831 53633.389 54532.596 55432.450 56332.948 57234.086 58135.858 59038.256 59941.268 60844.881 61749.080 62653.843 63559.149 64464.969 65371.271 66278.020 67185.174 68092.687 69000.506 69908.574 70816.827 71725.194 72633.598

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 63.719 63.797 63.874 63.951 64.027 64.103 64.177 64.252 64.325 64.398 64.471 64.650 64.825 64.997 65.166 65.332 65.496 65.656 65.814 65.969 66.121 66.271 66.419 66.564 66.707 66.848 66.987 67.124 67.259 67.392 67.523 67.653 67.780 67.906 68.031 68.153 68.274 68.394 68.512 68.629 68.744 68.858 68.970 69.082 69.192 69.300 69.408 69.514 69.619 69.723 69.825 69.927

109

110

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table BE.2 CO2 (Molecular Weight ⫽ 44.011, Enthalpy of Formation at 298 K ⫽ ⫺169,193 Btu/lbmol) T (R) 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 536.67 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220 1240 1260

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 7.289 7.441 7.590 7.736 7.878 8.016 8.152 8.285 8.414 8.541 8.665 8.786 8.885 8.904 9.020 9.133 9.244 9.352 9.458 9.561 9.662 9.761 9.858 9.953 10.046 10.137 10.226 10.314 10.399 10.483 10.565 10.645 10.724 10.801 10.877 10.951 11.023 11.095 11.165 11.233 11.300 11.366 11.431 11.495 11.557 11.618 11.678 11.737 11.794 11.851

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) ⫺1922.431 ⫺1775.125 ⫺1624.807 ⫺1471.546 ⫺1315.411 ⫺1156.466 ⫺994.776 ⫺830.404 ⫺663.410 ⫺493.853 ⫺321.793 ⫺147.284 0 29.618 208.860 390.389 574.156 760.111 948.206 1138.395 1330.631 1524.872 1721.073 1919.194 2119.193 2321.031 2524.670 2730.072 2937.201 3146.020 3356.497 3568.597 3782.288 3997.538 4214.315 4432.590 4652.334 4873.517 5096.112 5320.091 5545.429 5772.098 6000.073 6229.330 6459.844 6691.591 6924.548 7158.692 7394.001 7630.451

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 46.370 46.846 47.301 47.739 48.161 48.569 48.963 49.346 49.717 50.077 50.429 50.771 51.050 51.105 51.431 51.749 52.061 52.365 52.664 52.957 53.244 53.525 53.801 54.073 54.340 54.602 54.859 55.113 55.363 55.608 55.850 56.089 56.323 56.555 56.783 57.008 57.230 57.449 57.665 57.878 58.089 58.297 58.502 58.705 58.906 59.104 59.300 59.493 59.684 59.874

Appendix BE

T (R)

cp (Btu/lbmol·R)

1280 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 1600 1620 1640 1660 1680 1700 1720 1740 1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1940 1980 2020 2060 2100 2140 2180 2220 2260 2300 2340 2380 2420 2460 2500 2540 2580 2620 2660 2700

11.906 11.961 12.014 12.066 12.118 12.168 12.217 12.265 12.312 12.359 12.404 12.448 12.491 12.533 12.574 12.614 12.653 12.691 12.728 12.764 12.799 12.833 12.865 12.896 12.927 12.956 12.984 13.011 13.037 13.064 13.090 13.116 13.167 13.216 13.264 13.311 13.357 13.402 13.446 13.489 13.530 13.571 13.610 13.649 13.686 13.723 13.758 13.793 13.827 13.860 13.892 13.923

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 7868.022 8106.691 8346.438 8587.241 8829.079 9071.933 9315.781 9560.602 9806.378 10053.087 10300.709 10549.224 10798.613 11048.854 11299.927 11551.812 11804.487 12057.934 12312.129 12567.052 12822.682 13078.996 13335.972 13593.587 13851.820 14110.645 14370.040 14629.950 14890.431 15151.444 15412.983 15675.041 16200.691 16728.345 17257.955 17789.472 18322.852 18858.047 19395.014 19933.708 20474.086 21016.105 21559.725 22104.903 22651.602 23199.781 23749.401 24300.427 24852.819 25406.544 25961.564 26517.846

111

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 60.061 60.246 60.429 60.610 60.789 60.966 61.142 61.315 61.487 61.657 61.826 61.992 62.158 62.321 62.483 62.644 62.803 62.960 63.116 63.270 63.423 63.575 63.725 63.874 64.022 64.168 64.313 64.457 64.599 64.740 64.880 65.019 65.292 65.562 65.826 66.087 66.343 66.596 66.845 67.089 67.331 67.568 67.803 68.034 68.262 68.486 68.708 68.926 69.142 69.355 69.565 69.773 (continued)

112

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table BE.2 (continued)

T (R)

cp (Btu/lbmol·R)

2740 2780 2820 2860 2900 2940 2980 3020 3060 3100 3140 3180 3220 3260 3300 3340 3380 3420 3460 3500 3540 3580 3620 3660 3700 3740 3780 3820 3860 3900 3940 3980 4020 4060 4100 4140 4180 4220 4260 4300 4340 4380 4420 4460 4500 4540 4580 4620 4660 4700 4740 4780

13.953 13.982 14.011 14.039 14.066 14.092 14.118 14.143 14.167 14.191 14.214 14.236 14.257 14.278 14.299 14.319 14.338 14.356 14.375 14.392 14.409 14.426 14.442 14.458 14.473 14.488 14.502 14.516 14.529 14.543 14.555 14.568 14.580 14.591 14.603 14.614 14.624 14.635 14.645 14.655 14.664 14.674 14.683 14.692 14.700 14.709 14.717 14.725 14.733 14.741 14.748 14.756

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 27075.356 27634.061 28193.929 28754.927 29317.024 29880.192 30444.399 31009.617 31575.818 32142.975 32711.060 33280.047 33849.911 34420.626 34992.169 35564.515 36137.642 36711.527 37286.148 37861.483 38437.513 39014.217 39591.575 40169.568 40748.178 41327.387 41907.178 42487.533 43068.436 43649.872 44231.825 44814.280 45397.223 45980.639 46564.517 47148.841 47733.601 48318.784 48904.379 49490.373 50076.758 50663.521 51250.654 51838.147 52425.990 53014.175 53602.694 54191.539 54780.701 55370.175 55959.952 56550.027

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 69.978 70.180 70.380 70.578 70.773 70.966 71.157 71.345 71.531 71.715 71.897 72.078 72.256 72.432 72.606 72.778 72.949 73.118 73.285 73.450 73.614 73.776 73.936 74.095 74.252 74.408 74.562 74.715 74.866 75.016 75.164 75.312 75.457 75.602 75.745 75.887 76.027 76.167 76.305 76.442 76.577 76.712 76.845 76.978 77.109 77.239 77.368 77.496 77.623 77.749 77.874 77.998

Appendix BE

T (R)

cp (Btu/lbmol·R)

4820 4860 4900 5000 5100 5200 5300 5400 5500 5600 5700 5800 5900 6000 6100 6200 6300 6400 6500 6600 6700 6800 6900 7000 7100 7200 7300 7400 7500 7600 7700 7800 7900 8000 8100 8200 8300 8400 8500 8600 8700 8800 8900 9000

14.763 14.770 14.777 14.794 14.810 14.825 14.840 14.855 14.869 14.883 14.897 14.911 14.925 14.938 14.952 14.966 14.980 14.994 15.008 15.022 15.037 15.051 15.066 15.080 15.095 15.109 15.124 15.138 15.152 15.166 15.179 15.192 15.205 15.216 15.227 15.237 15.246 15.254 15.260 15.265 15.268 15.270 15.269 15.267

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 57140.392 57731.043 58321.973 59800.488 61280.644 62762.376 64245.633 65730.369 67216.551 68704.151 70193.149 71683.533 73175.295 74668.432 76162.946 77658.842 79156.127 80654.812 82154.907 83656.424 85159.373 86663.765 88169.607 89676.905 91185.660 92695.871 94207.531 95720.626 97235.138 98751.041 100268.300 101786.872 103306.706 104827.738 106349.895 107873.093 109397.233 110922.205 112447.884 113974.130 115500.788 117027.687 118554.639 120081.437

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 78.121 78.243 78.364 78.663 78.956 79.244 79.526 79.804 80.076 80.344 80.608 80.867 81.122 81.373 81.620 81.863 82.103 82.339 82.572 82.801 83.027 83.250 83.470 83.686 83.900 84.112 84.320 84.526 84.729 84.930 85.128 85.324 85.518 85.709 85.898 86.085 86.270 86.453 86.633 86.812 86.988 87.163 87.335 87.506

113

114

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table BE.3 H2 (Molecular Weight ⫽ 2.016, Enthalpy of Formation at 298 K ⫽ 0 Btu/lbmol) T (R) 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 536.67 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220 1240 1260 1280

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 6.779 6.792 6.804 6.815 6.827 6.838 6.849 6.859 6.869 6.879 6.889 6.898 6.906 6.907 6.916 6.925 6.933 6.941 6.949 6.957 6.965 6.972 6.979 6.986 6.993 7.000 7.007 7.013 7.020 7.026 7.033 7.039 7.046 7.052 7.058 7.065 7.071 7.078 7.084 7.091 7.097 7.104 7.111 7.118 7.126 7.133 7.141 7.149 7.157 7.166 7.174

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) ⫺1620.222 ⫺1484.516 ⫺1348.564 ⫺1212.375 ⫺1075.954 ⫺939.309 ⫺802.445 ⫺665.369 ⫺528.086 ⫺390.602 ⫺252.923 ⫺115.055 0 22.998 161.231 299.638 438.215 576.958 715.861 854.922 994.137 1133.501 1273.011 1412.665 1552.460 1692.392 1832.460 1972.662 2112.995 2253.458 2394.051 2534.771 2675.619 2816.593 2957.695 3098.923 3240.280 3381.765 3523.380 3665.126 3807.006 3949.022 4091.175 4233.471 4375.910 4518.498 4661.239 4804.136 4947.196 5090.422 5233.822

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 27.217 27.655 28.067 28.456 28.825 29.175 29.509 29.828 30.133 30.426 30.707 30.977 31.195 31.238 31.489 31.732 31.967 32.194 32.415 32.629 32.837 33.039 33.235 33.426 33.613 33.795 33.972 34.145 34.314 34.479 34.641 34.799 34.954 35.105 35.254 35.400 35.542 35.682 35.820 35.955 36.088 36.218 36.346 36.472 36.596 36.718 36.838 36.956 37.072 37.187 37.299

Appendix BE

T (R) 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 1600 1620 1640 1660 1680 1700 1720 1740 1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1940 1980 2020 2060 2100 2140 2180 2220 2260 2300 2340 2380 2420 2460 2500 2540 2580 2620 2660 2700 2740

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 7.184 7.193 7.203 7.213 7.224 7.235 7.246 7.258 7.270 7.283 7.297 7.311 7.325 7.340 7.356 7.373 7.390 7.408 7.427 7.446 7.466 7.487 7.509 7.532 7.555 7.580 7.216 7.229 7.241 7.253 7.266 7.290 7.315 7.339 7.363 7.387 7.411 7.434 7.458 7.481 7.504 7.527 7.550 7.573 7.596 7.618 7.640 7.663 7.685 7.706 7.728 7.750

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 5377.400 5521.163 5665.119 5809.275 5953.638 6098.217 6243.020 6388.057 6533.337 6678.870 6824.667 6970.738 7117.096 7263.751 7410.718 7558.007 7705.634 7853.612 8001.955 8150.679 8299.798 8449.330 8599.290 8749.696 8900.566 9051.918 9026.766 9171.212 9315.907 9460.849 9606.038 9897.153 10189.247 10482.313 10776.347 11071.341 11367.290 11664.188 11962.029 12260.807 12560.516 12861.151 13162.704 13465.170 13768.544 14072.819 14377.989 14684.048 14990.990 15298.809 15607.500 15917.055

115

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 37.411 37.521 37.629 37.736 37.841 37.945 38.048 38.149 38.249 38.348 38.446 38.543 38.638 38.733 38.827 38.919 39.011 39.102 39.192 39.281 39.369 39.456 39.543 39.629 39.714 39.799 39.753 39.832 39.910 39.988 40.065 40.216 40.365 40.512 40.656 40.798 40.937 41.075 41.210 41.344 41.475 41.605 41.732 41.858 41.983 42.106 42.227 42.346 42.464 42.581 42.696 42.810 (continued)

116

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table BE.3 (continued)

T (R) 2780 2820 2860 2900 2940 2980 3020 3060 3100 3140 3180 3220 3260 3300 3340 3380 3420 3460 3500 3540 3580 3620 3660 3700 3740 3780 3820 3860 3900 3940 3980 4020 4060 4100 4140 4180 4220 4260 4300 4340 4380 4420 4460 4500 4540 4580 4620 4660 4700 4740 4780 4820

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 7.771 7.792 7.813 7.834 7.855 7.876 7.896 7.917 7.937 7.957 7.977 7.997 8.016 8.036 8.055 8.074 8.093 8.112 8.131 8.149 8.168 8.186 8.204 8.222 8.240 8.258 8.276 8.293 8.310 8.327 8.344 8.361 8.378 8.395 8.411 8.427 8.444 8.460 8.476 8.491 8.507 8.523 8.538 8.553 8.568 8.583 8.598 8.613 8.627 8.642 8.656 8.671

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 16227.470 16538.738 16850.853 17163.809 17477.600 17792.220 18107.664 18423.925 18740.997 19058.874 19377.551 19697.021 20017.278 20338.317 20660.132 20982.717 21306.065 21630.171 21955.030 22280.635 22606.980 22934.060 23261.869 23590.402 23919.651 24249.613 24580.280 24911.647 25243.710 25576.461 25909.895 26244.007 26578.792 26914.243 27250.355 27587.123 27924.541 28262.604 28601.306 28940.643 29280.607 29621.196 29962.402 30304.221 30646.647 30989.676 31333.303 31677.521 32022.326 32367.714 32713.679 33060.215

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 42.922 43.033 43.143 43.252 43.359 43.466 43.571 43.675 43.778 43.880 43.981 44.080 44.179 44.277 44.374 44.470 44.565 44.659 44.753 44.845 44.937 45.028 45.118 45.207 45.296 45.383 45.470 45.557 45.642 45.727 45.811 45.895 45.978 46.060 46.142 46.223 46.303 46.383 46.462 46.540 46.618 46.696 46.773 46.849 46.925 47.000 47.075 47.149 47.222 47.296 47.368 47.440

Appendix BE

T (R) 4860 4900 5000 5100 5200 5300 5400 5500 5600 5700 5800 5900 6000 6100 6200 6300 6400 6500 6600 6700 6800 6900 7000 7100 7200 7300 7400 7500 7600 7700 7800 7900 8000 8100 8200 8300 8400 8500 8600 8700 8800 8900 9000

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 8.685 8.699 8.733 8.767 8.800 8.832 8.864 8.895 8.925 8.955 8.984 9.013 9.041 9.068 9.095 9.121 9.147 9.173 9.198 9.223 9.248 9.272 9.296 9.319 9.343 9.366 9.389 9.412 9.435 9.458 9.481 9.503 9.526 9.549 9.572 9.596 9.619 9.643 9.667 9.692 9.716 9.742 9.768

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 33407.319 33754.985 34626.579 35501.583 36379.925 37261.533 38146.338 39034.273 39925.274 40819.277 41716.220 42616.047 43518.699 44424.123 45332.268 46243.084 47156.524 48072.545 48991.106 49912.167 50835.694 51761.654 52690.016 53620.756 54553.848 55489.273 56427.014 57367.057 58309.392 59254.013 60200.917 61150.103 62101.577 63055.346 64011.422 64969.822 65930.565 66893.675 67859.180 68827.113 69797.510 70770.412 71745.865

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 47.512 47.583 47.760 47.933 48.103 48.271 48.437 48.600 48.760 48.918 49.074 49.228 49.380 49.530 49.677 49.823 49.967 50.109 50.249 50.388 50.524 50.660 50.793 50.925 51.056 51.185 51.312 51.439 51.563 51.687 51.809 51.930 52.050 52.168 52.285 52.402 52.517 52.631 52.744 52.855 52.966 53.076 53.185

117

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Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table BE.4 H (Molecular Weight ⫽ 1.088, Enthalpy of Formation at 298 K ⫽ 93,713.5 Btu/lbmol) T (R) 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 536.67 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220 1240 1260 1280

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) ⫺1174.968 ⫺1075.677 ⫺976.385 ⫺877.093 ⫺777.801 ⫺678.510 ⫺579.218 ⫺479.926 ⫺380.635 ⫺281.343 ⫺182.051 ⫺82.760 0 16.532 115.824 215.115 314.407 413.699 512.991 612.282 711.574 810.866 910.157 1009.449 1108.741 1208.032 1307.324 1406.616 1505.908 1605.199 1704.491 1803.783 1903.074 2002.366 2101.658 2200.949 2300.241 2399.533 2498.824 2598.116 2697.408 2796.700 2895.991 2995.283 3094.575 3193.866 3293.158 3392.450 3491.741 3591.033 3690.325

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 24.485 24.806 25.107 25.390 25.659 25.913 26.156 26.387 26.607 26.819 27.021 27.216 27.373 27.403 27.584 27.758 27.926 28.089 28.247 28.400 28.548 28.692 28.832 28.968 29.100 29.229 29.355 29.477 29.597 29.714 29.828 29.939 30.049 30.155 30.260 30.362 30.462 30.561 30.657 30.752 30.845 30.936 31.025 31.113 31.199 31.284 31.368 31.450 31.530 31.610 31.688

Appendix BE

T (R) 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 1600 1620 1640 1660 1680 1700 1720 1740 1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1940 1980 2020 2060 2100 2140 2180 2220 2260 2300 2340 2380 2420 2460 2500 2540 2580 2620 2660 2700

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 3789.617 3888.908 3988.200 4087.492 4186.783 4286.075 4385.367 4484.658 4583.950 4683.242 4782.533 4881.825 4981.117 5080.409 5179.700 5278.992 5378.284 5477.575 5576.867 5676.159 5775.450 5874.742 5974.034 6073.326 6172.617 6271.909 6371.201 6470.492 6569.784 6669.076 6768.367 6966.951 7165.534 7364.118 7562.701 7761.284 7959.868 8158.451 8357.035 8555.618 8754.201 8952.785 9151.368 9349.951 9548.535 9747.118 9945.702 10144.285 10342.868 10541.452 10740.035

119

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 31.765 31.841 31.915 31.989 32.062 32.133 32.203 32.273 32.341 32.409 32.475 32.541 32.606 32.670 32.733 32.796 32.858 32.918 32.979 33.038 33.097 33.155 33.212 33.269 33.325 33.381 33.435 33.490 33.543 33.597 33.649 33.752 33.854 33.953 34.050 34.146 34.240 34.332 34.422 34.510 34.598 34.683 34.767 34.850 34.931 35.012 35.090 35.168 35.244 35.320 35.394 (continued)

120

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table BE.4 (continued)

T (R) 2740 2780 2820 2860 2900 2940 2980 3020 3060 3100 3140 3180 3220 3260 3300 3340 3380 3420 3460 3500 3540 3580 3620 3660 3700 3740 3780 3820 3860 3900 3940 3980 4020 4060 4100 4140 4180 4220 4260 4300 4340 4380 4420 4460 4500 4540 4580 4620 4660 4700 4740 4780

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 10938.619 11137.202 11335.785 11534.369 11732.952 11931.536 12130.119 12328.702 12527.286 12725.869 12924.453 13123.036 13321.619 13520.203 13718.786 13917.369 14115.953 14314.536 14513.120 14711.703 14910.286 15108.870 15307.453 15506.037 15704.620 15903.203 16101.787 16300.370 16498.954 16697.537 16896.120 17094.704 17293.287 17491.871 17690.454 17889.037 18087.621 18286.204 18484.788 18683.371 18881.954 19080.538 19279.121 19477.704 19676.288 19874.871 20073.455 20272.038 20470.621 20669.205 20867.788 21066.372

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 35.467 35.539 35.609 35.679 35.748 35.816 35.883 35.950 36.015 36.079 36.143 36.206 36.268 36.329 36.390 36.450 36.509 36.567 36.625 36.682 36.738 36.794 36.849 36.904 36.958 37.011 37.064 37.116 37.168 37.219 37.270 37.320 37.370 37.419 37.467 37.516 37.563 37.611 37.658 37.704 37.750 37.795 37.841 37.885 37.930 37.974 38.017 38.060 38.103 38.146 38.188 38.229

Appendix BE

T (R) 4820 4860 4900 5000 5100 5200 5300 5400 5500 5600 5700 5800 5900 6000 6100 6200 6300 6400 6500 6600 6700 6800 6900 7000 7100 7200 7300 7400 7500 7600 7700 7800 7900 8000 8100 8200 8300 8400 8500 8600 8700 8800 8900 9000

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 21264.955 21463.538 21662.122 22158.580 22655.039 23151.497 23647.956 24144.414 24640.873 25137.331 25633.790 26130.248 26626.707 27123.165 27619.624 28116.082 28612.540 29108.999 29605.457 30101.916 30598.374 31094.833 31591.291 32087.750 32584.208 33080.667 33577.125 34073.584 34570.042 35066.501 35562.959 36059.418 36555.876 37052.335 37548.793 38045.252 38541.710 39038.169 39534.627 40031.086 40527.544 41024.002 41520.461 42016.919

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 38.271 38.312 38.352 38.453 38.551 38.647 38.742 38.835 38.926 39.015 39.103 39.190 39.274 39.358 39.440 39.521 39.600 39.678 39.755 39.831 39.906 39.979 40.052 40.123 40.194 40.263 40.332 40.399 40.466 40.531 40.596 40.660 40.724 40.786 40.848 40.909 40.969 41.028 41.087 41.145 41.203 41.259 41.315 41.371

121

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Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table BE.5 OH (Molecular Weight ⫽ 17.007, Enthalpy of Formation at 298 K ⫽ 16769.9 Btu/lbmol) T (R) 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 536.67 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220 1240 1260

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 7.213 7.208 7.204 7.199 7.194 7.188 7.183 7.177 7.172 7.166 7.160 7.154 7.149 7.148 7.142 7.136 7.131 7.125 7.119 7.114 7.108 7.103 7.098 7.093 7.088 7.084 7.080 7.076 7.072 7.069 7.065 7.063 7.060 7.058 7.056 7.054 7.053 7.052 7.052 7.052 7.052 7.053 7.054 7.056 7.058 7.060 7.063 7.066 7.069 7.073

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) ⫺1699.869 ⫺1555.663 ⫺1411.546 ⫺1267.525 ⫺1123.603 ⫺979.785 ⫺836.074 ⫺692.474 ⫺548.986 ⫺405.613 ⫺262.356 ⫺119.217 0 23.805 166.709 309.495 452.165 594.719 737.160 879.489 1021.709 1163.822 1305.832 1447.743 1589.558 1731.281 1872.917 2014.472 2155.949 2297.354 2438.694 2579.973 2721.198 2862.376 3003.513 3144.616 3285.692 3426.747 3567.791 3708.829 3849.869 3990.920 4131.989 4273.085 4414.215 4555.387 4696.610 4837.892 4979.241 5120.667

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 39.674 40.139 40.576 40.987 41.376 41.745 42.096 42.430 42.749 43.054 43.346 43.627 43.853 43.897 44.157 44.407 44.649 44.883 45.109 45.328 45.540 45.746 45.946 46.141 46.330 46.514 46.693 46.868 47.038 47.205 47.367 47.526 47.681 47.833 47.982 48.127 48.270 48.409 48.546 48.680 48.812 48.942 49.069 49.194 49.316 49.437 49.556 49.672 49.787 49.901

Appendix BE

T (R) 1280 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 1600 1620 1640 1660 1680 1700 1720 1740 1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1940 1980 2020 2060 2100 2140 2180 2220 2260 2300 2340 2380 2420 2460 2500 2540 2580 2620 2660

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 7.078 7.083 7.088 7.094 7.100 7.106 7.113 7.120 7.128 7.136 7.145 7.154 7.163 7.173 7.183 7.193 7.204 7.215 7.226 7.238 7.250 7.263 7.275 7.288 7.301 7.315 7.328 7.342 7.356 7.369 7.383 7.396 7.422 7.448 7.474 7.500 7.525 7.550 7.575 7.599 7.623 7.647 7.670 7.693 7.716 7.739 7.761 7.783 7.805 7.826 7.847

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 5262.176 5403.779 5545.482 5687.295 5829.225 5971.282 6113.473 6255.807 6398.291 6540.934 6683.745 6826.729 6969.896 7113.253 7256.807 7400.566 7544.536 7688.724 7833.138 7977.784 8122.667 8267.794 8413.171 8558.803 8704.696 8850.854 8997.282 9143.986 9290.961 9438.206 9585.721 9733.504 10029.867 10327.283 10625.739 10925.223 11225.722 11527.224 11829.718 12133.190 12437.629 12743.022 13049.360 13356.628 13664.817 13973.914 14283.908 14594.789 14906.544 15219.162 15532.634

123

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 50.012 50.122 50.230 50.337 50.442 50.545 50.648 50.749 50.848 50.947 51.044 51.140 51.235 51.328 51.421 51.512 51.603 51.693 51.781 51.869 51.956 52.041 52.126 52.211 52.294 52.377 52.458 52.539 52.620 52.699 52.778 52.856 53.011 53.163 53.312 53.459 53.603 53.745 53.885 54.023 54.159 54.293 54.425 54.555 54.684 54.811 54.936 55.059 55.181 55.301 55.420 (continued)

124

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table BE.5 (continued)

T (R) 2700 2740 2780 2820 2860 2900 2940 2980 3020 3060 3100 3140 3180 3220 3260 3300 3340 3380 3420 3460 3500 3540 3580 3620 3660 3700 3740 3780 3820 3860 3900 3940 3980 4020 4060 4100 4140 4180 4220 4260 4300 4340 4380 4420 4460 4500 4540 4580 4620 4660 4700 4740

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 7.868 7.889 7.909 7.929 7.949 7.969 7.988 8.007 8.026 8.045 8.063 8.081 8.099 8.117 8.134 8.151 8.168 8.185 8.201 8.217 8.233 8.249 8.265 8.280 8.295 8.310 8.325 8.339 8.354 8.368 8.382 8.395 8.409 8.422 8.435 8.448 8.461 8.474 8.486 8.498 8.510 8.522 8.534 8.545 8.557 8.568 8.579 8.590 8.600 8.611 8.621 8.631

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 15846.947 16162.091 16478.055 16794.830 17112.403 17430.766 17749.907 18069.816 18390.484 18711.900 19034.054 19356.937 19680.539 20004.850 20329.861 20655.562 20981.944 21308.998 21636.714 21965.084 22294.099 22623.749 22954.026 23284.921 23616.426 23948.532 24281.230 24614.514 24948.373 25282.800 25617.787 25953.327 26289.410 26626.030 26963.179 27300.849 27639.032 27977.722 28316.910 28656.591 28996.756 29337.398 29678.511 30020.087 30362.120 30704.604 31047.531 31390.895 31734.689 32078.908 32423.544 32768.592

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 55.537 55.653 55.767 55.880 55.992 56.103 56.212 56.320 56.427 56.533 56.637 56.741 56.843 56.945 57.045 57.144 57.243 57.340 57.436 57.532 57.626 57.720 57.813 57.905 57.996 58.086 58.175 58.264 58.352 58.439 58.525 58.611 58.696 58.780 58.863 58.946 59.028 59.110 59.190 59.271 59.350 59.429 59.507 59.585 59.662 59.738 59.814 59.889 59.964 60.038 60.112 60.185

Appendix BE

T (R) 4780 4820 4860 4900 5000 5100 5200 5300 5400 5500 5600 5700 5800 5900 6000 6100 6200 6300 6400 6500 6600 6700 6800 6900 7000 7100 7200 7300 7400 7500 7600 7700 7800 7900 8000 8100 8200 8300 8400 8500 8600 8700 8800 8900 9000

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 8.641 8.651 8.661 8.671 8.694 8.717 8.738 8.759 8.780 8.799 8.818 8.836 8.853 8.870 8.887 8.902 8.917 8.932 8.946 8.960 8.974 8.987 9.000 9.012 9.024 9.036 9.048 9.059 9.071 9.082 9.093 9.104 9.115 9.126 9.137 9.148 9.159 9.170 9.181 9.192 9.203 9.215 9.227 9.239 9.251

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 33114.046 33459.900 33806.147 34152.782 35021.028 35891.575 36764.338 37639.236 38516.190 39395.127 40275.975 41158.665 42043.132 42929.314 43817.152 44706.590 45597.575 46490.058 47383.990 48279.329 49176.034 50074.066 50973.391 51873.975 52775.791 53678.810 54583.010 55488.370 56394.871 57302.499 58211.239 59121.083 60032.023 60944.054 61857.174 62771.385 63686.688 64603.090 65520.599 66439.226 67358.983 68279.887 69201.956 70125.210 71049.672

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 60.258 60.330 60.401 60.472 60.648 60.820 60.990 61.156 61.320 61.481 61.640 61.796 61.950 62.102 62.251 62.398 62.543 62.686 62.826 62.965 63.102 63.237 63.370 63.502 63.632 63.760 63.886 64.011 64.134 64.256 64.377 64.495 64.613 64.729 64.844 64.958 65.070 65.181 65.291 65.400 65.507 65.614 65.719 65.823 65.927

125

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Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table BE.6 H2O (Molecular Weight ⫽ 18.016, Enthalpy of Formation at 298 K ⫽ ⫺103,974 Btu/lbmol) T (R) 9000 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 536.67 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220 1240 1260

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 9.251 7.586 7.626 7.666 7.704 7.740 7.776 7.810 7.843 7.875 7.906 7.936 7.965 7.989 7.994 8.021 8.048 8.075 8.101 8.126 8.152 8.176 8.201 8.225 8.249 8.273 8.297 8.321 8.344 8.368 8.392 8.416 8.440 8.464 8.489 8.513 8.538 8.563 8.589 8.615 8.641 8.667 8.694 8.721 8.749 8.777 8.806 8.835 8.864 8.894 8.924

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 71049.672 ⫺1846.132 ⫺1694.010 ⫺1541.084 ⫺1387.385 ⫺1232.941 ⫺1077.777 ⫺921.919 ⫺765.390 ⫺608.211 ⫺450.404 ⫺291.986 ⫺132.976 0 26.611 186.759 347.456 508.690 670.448 832.722 995.503 1158.783 1322.556 1486.817 1651.560 1816.783 1982.484 2148.659 2315.310 2482.435 2650.036 2818.115 2986.673 3155.713 3325.240 3495.257 3665.769 3836.782 4008.302 4180.334 4352.885 4525.963 4699.574 4873.728 5048.431 5223.691 5399.518 5575.921 5752.906 5930.485 6108.665

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 65.927 40.548 41.039 41.502 41.942 42.359 42.757 43.137 43.501 43.851 44.187 44.510 44.822 45.073 45.123 45.414 45.696 45.969 46.234 46.492 46.743 46.986 47.224 47.455 47.681 47.901 48.116 48.327 48.532 48.734 48.931 49.124 49.313 49.499 49.682 49.861 50.036 50.209 50.379 50.546 50.710 50.872 51.031 51.188 51.343 51.495 51.645 51.794 51.940 52.084 52.227

Appendix BE

T (R)

cp (Btu/lbmol·R)

1280 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 1600 1620 1640 1660 1680 1700 1720 1740 1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1940 1980 2020 2060 2100 2140 2180 2220 2260 2300 2340 2380 2420 2460 2500 2540 2580 2620 2660 2700

8.955 8.986 9.018 9.050 9.082 9.115 9.149 9.182 9.216 9.251 9.286 9.321 9.356 9.392 9.428 9.464 9.501 9.537 9.574 9.611 9.648 9.684 9.721 9.758 9.795 9.832 9.868 9.904 9.940 9.976 10.011 10.046 10.115 10.184 10.251 10.317 10.383 10.447 10.511 10.573 10.634 10.695 10.754 10.813 10.871 10.928 10.984 11.039 11.093 11.146 11.199 11.250

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 6287.455 6466.864 6646.902 6827.577 7008.897 7190.871 7373.508 7556.815 7740.800 7925.470 8110.833 8296.896 8483.665 8671.145 8859.342 9048.261 9237.907 9428.282 9619.390 9811.233 10003.813 10197.132 10391.188 10585.982 10781.511 10977.775 11174.768 11372.490 11570.929 11770.084 11969.948 12170.518 12573.748 12979.735 13388.435 13799.809 14213.816 14630.415 15049.569 15471.238 15895.383 16321.966 16750.951 17182.299 17615.975 18051.942 18490.164 18930.607 19373.235 19818.013 20264.909 20713.889

127

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 52.368 52.507 52.644 52.780 52.914 53.047 53.179 53.309 53.437 53.565 53.691 53.816 53.939 54.062 54.183 54.304 54.423 54.541 54.658 54.775 54.890 55.004 55.118 55.230 55.342 55.453 55.563 55.672 55.781 55.888 55.995 56.101 56.311 56.519 56.723 56.925 57.124 57.320 57.514 57.706 57.895 58.082 58.267 58.450 58.631 58.809 58.986 59.161 59.334 59.505 59.674 59.842 (continued)

128

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table BE.6 (continued)

T (R)

cp (Btu/lbmol·R)

2740 2780 2820 2860 2900 2940 2980 3020 3060 3100 3140 3180 3220 3260 3300 3340 3380 3420 3460 3500 3540 3580 3620 3660 3700 3740 3780 3820 3860 3900 3940 3980 4020 4060 4100 4140 4180 4220 4260 4300 4340 4380 4420 4460 4500 4540 4580 4620 4660 4700 4740 4780

11.301 11.351 11.400 11.449 11.497 11.543 11.590 11.635 11.680 11.724 11.767 11.809 11.851 11.892 11.933 11.972 12.012 12.050 12.088 12.125 12.162 12.198 12.233 12.268 12.302 12.335 12.368 12.401 12.433 12.464 12.495 12.525 12.555 12.584 12.613 12.641 12.669 12.696 12.723 12.750 12.776 12.801 12.826 12.851 12.875 12.899 12.922 12.945 12.968 12.990 13.012 13.033

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 21164.919 21617.967 22073.000 22529.987 22988.897 23449.698 23912.360 24376.853 24843.146 25311.212 25781.020 26252.542 26725.751 27200.618 27677.115 28155.217 28634.896 29116.126 29598.882 30083.138 30568.868 31056.048 31544.654 32034.662 32526.048 33018.789 33512.862 34008.244 34504.913 35002.847 35502.025 36002.426 36504.028 37006.811 37510.755 38015.840 38522.046 39029.355 39537.747 40047.203 40557.706 41069.238 41581.780 42095.315 42609.827 43125.298 43641.712 44159.053 44677.305 45196.452 45716.479 46237.372

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 60.008 60.172 60.334 60.495 60.654 60.812 60.969 61.123 61.277 61.429 61.579 61.729 61.876 62.023 62.168 62.312 62.455 62.597 62.737 62.876 63.014 63.151 63.287 63.421 63.555 63.687 63.819 63.949 64.078 64.207 64.334 64.460 64.586 64.710 64.834 64.956 65.078 65.199 65.319 65.438 65.556 65.673 65.790 65.905 66.020 66.134 66.248 66.360 66.472 66.583 66.693 66.802

Appendix BE

T (R)

cp (Btu/lbmol·R)

4820 4860 4900 5000 5100 5200 5300 5400 5500 5600 5700 5800 5900 6000 6100 6200 6300 6400 6500 6600 6700 6800 6900 7000 7100 7200 7300 7400 7500 7600 7700 7800 7900 8000 8100 8200 8300 8400 8500 8600 8700 8800 8900 9000

13.054 13.075 13.095 13.145 13.192 13.237 13.281 13.323 13.363 13.401 13.438 13.474 13.508 13.541 13.572 13.603 13.632 13.661 13.688 13.715 13.741 13.766 13.790 13.814 13.837 13.859 13.881 13.902 13.923 13.944 13.964 13.983 14.002 14.021 14.040 14.058 14.075 14.093 14.110 14.127 14.143 14.159 14.175 14.190

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 46759.114 47281.692 47805.091 49117.091 50433.928 51755.399 53081.313 54411.489 55745.753 57083.943 58425.901 59771.482 61120.546 62472.962 63828.606 65187.361 66549.117 67913.771 69281.225 70651.389 72024.177 73399.508 74777.308 76157.506 77540.037 78924.839 80311.855 81701.031 83092.315 84485.661 85881.023 87278.361 88677.632 90078.800 91481.828 92886.680 94293.322 95701.721 97111.844 98523.658 99937.130 101352.227 102768.914 104187.156

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 66.911 67.019 67.126 67.391 67.652 67.909 68.161 68.410 68.655 68.896 69.133 69.367 69.598 69.825 70.049 70.270 70.488 70.703 70.915 71.124 71.331 71.534 71.736 71.934 72.130 72.324 72.515 72.704 72.891 73.076 73.258 73.438 73.617 73.793 73.967 74.140 74.310 74.479 74.646 74.811 74.974 75.136 75.296 75.454

129

130

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table BE.7 N2 (Molecular Weight ⫽ 28.013, Enthalpy of Formation at 298 K ⫽ 0 Btu/lbmol) T (R) 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 536.67 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220 1240 1260 1280

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 6.846 6.857 6.867 6.877 6.886 6.895 6.903 6.910 6.918 6.925 6.931 6.938 6.943 6.944 6.951 6.957 6.963 6.970 6.976 6.982 6.989 6.996 7.003 7.010 7.017 7.025 7.033 7.041 7.050 7.059 7.068 7.078 7.089 7.099 7.110 7.122 7.134 7.146 7.159 7.172 7.186 7.200 7.215 7.230 7.245 7.261 7.278 7.294 7.311 7.329 7.347

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) ⫺1632.919 ⫺1495.884 ⫺1358.638 ⫺1221.193 ⫺1083.562 ⫺945.756 ⫺807.784 ⫺669.656 ⫺531.377 ⫺392.955 ⫺254.395 ⫺115.701 0 23.123 162.075 301.153 440.357 579.686 719.141 858.725 998.439 1138.286 1278.270 1418.396 1558.667 1699.089 1839.669 1980.411 2121.324 2262.414 2403.688 2545.155 2686.821 2828.697 2970.789 3113.107 3255.659 3398.455 3541.503 3684.812 3828.392 3972.251 4116.398 4260.842 4405.591 4550.655 4696.041 4841.757 4987.811 5134.210 5280.962

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 41.731 42.173 42.589 42.982 43.354 43.708 44.044 44.366 44.673 44.967 45.250 45.522 45.741 45.784 46.037 46.281 46.517 46.745 46.967 47.181 47.390 47.593 47.790 47.982 48.169 48.351 48.529 48.703 48.873 49.039 49.201 49.360 49.516 49.668 49.818 49.965 50.109 50.250 50.389 50.525 50.660 50.792 50.921 51.049 51.175 51.299 51.421 51.542 51.660 51.778 51.893

Appendix BE

T (R) 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 1600 1620 1640 1660 1680 1700 1720 1740 1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1940 1980 2020 2060 2100 2140 2180 2220 2260 2300 2340 2380 2420 2460 2500 2540 2580 2620 2660 2700

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 7.365 7.383 7.402 7.421 7.440 7.459 7.479 7.498 7.518 7.538 7.558 7.577 7.597 7.617 7.636 7.655 7.674 7.693 7.711 7.729 7.747 7.764 7.780 7.796 7.811 7.825 7.839 7.852 7.866 7.879 7.892 7.918 7.944 7.968 7.993 8.016 8.039 8.062 8.084 8.106 8.127 8.148 8.168 8.187 8.207 8.226 8.244 8.262 8.279 8.296 8.313

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 5428.072 5575.548 5723.394 5871.617 6020.220 6169.208 6318.585 6468.353 6618.514 6769.070 6920.022 7071.369 7223.112 7375.247 7527.773 7680.685 7833.980 7987.652 8141.694 8296.098 8450.857 8605.960 8761.396 8917.153 9073.217 9229.574 9386.207 9543.117 9700.297 9857.745 10015.457 10331.666 10648.899 10967.135 11286.351 11606.526 11927.638 12249.667 12572.591 12896.390 13221.044 13546.534 13872.841 14199.945 14527.828 14856.472 15185.858 15515.970 15846.790 16178.301 16510.487

131

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 52.007 52.120 52.231 52.341 52.449 52.556 52.662 52.767 52.871 52.973 53.074 53.175 53.274 53.372 53.469 53.565 53.660 53.755 53.848 53.941 54.032 54.123 54.213 54.302 54.390 54.477 54.564 54.649 54.734 54.819 54.902 55.067 55.229 55.388 55.544 55.698 55.850 55.999 56.146 56.290 56.433 56.573 56.711 56.847 56.982 57.114 57.245 57.374 57.501 57.627 57.751 (continued)

132

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table BE.7 (continued) T (R) 2740 2780 2820 2860 2900 2940 2980 3020 3060 3100 3140 3180 3220 3260 3300 3340 3380 3420 3460 3500 3540 3580 3620 3660 3700 3740 3780 3820 3860 3900 3940 3980 4020 4060 4100 4140 4180 4220 4260 4300 4340 4380 4420 4460 4500 4540 4580 4620 4660 4700 4740 4780

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 8.329 8.345 8.361 8.376 8.390 8.405 8.419 8.432 8.446 8.459 8.471 8.484 8.496 8.507 8.519 8.530 8.541 8.551 8.562 8.572 8.581 8.591 8.600 8.609 8.618 8.626 8.635 8.643 8.651 8.658 8.666 8.673 8.680 8.687 8.694 8.701 8.707 8.713 8.719 8.725 8.731 8.737 8.742 8.747 8.753 8.758 8.763 8.767 8.772 8.777 8.781 8.786

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 16843.331 17176.818 17510.931 17845.655 18180.976 18516.879 18853.349 19190.372 19527.934 19866.022 20204.623 20543.723 20883.311 21223.372 21563.897 21904.871 22246.285 22588.126 22930.384 23273.048 23616.107 23959.551 24303.369 24647.553 24992.093 25336.979 25682.202 26027.754 26373.625 26719.808 27066.294 27413.076 27760.145 28107.495 28455.117 28803.005 29151.153 29499.552 29848.198 30197.083 30546.201 30895.548 31245.116 31594.901 31944.897 32295.099 32645.502 32996.101 33346.892 33697.871 34049.031 34400.371

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 57.873 57.994 58.113 58.231 58.348 58.463 58.576 58.689 58.800 58.909 59.018 59.125 59.231 59.336 59.440 59.543 59.644 59.745 59.845 59.943 60.040 60.137 60.232 60.327 60.421 60.513 60.605 60.696 60.786 60.875 60.964 61.051 61.138 61.224 61.309 61.394 61.477 61.560 61.643 61.724 61.805 61.885 61.964 62.043 62.121 62.199 62.276 62.352 62.428 62.503 62.577 62.651

Appendix BE

T (R) 4820 4860 4900 5000 5100 5200 5300 5400 5500 5600 5700 5800 5900 6000 6100 6200 6300 6400 6500 6600 6700 6800 6900 7000 7100 7200 7300 7400 7500 7600 7700 7800 7900 8000 8100 8200 8300 8400 8500 8600 8700 8800 8900 9000

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 8.790 8.794 8.798 8.808 8.818 8.827 8.836 8.844 8.852 8.860 8.867 8.875 8.882 8.889 8.896 8.903 8.909 8.916 8.923 8.929 8.936 8.943 8.949 8.956 8.962 8.968 8.975 8.981 8.987 8.993 8.999 9.005 9.010 9.016 9.021 9.025 9.030 9.034 9.037 9.040 9.043 9.044 9.045 9.046

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 34751.886 35103.571 35455.424 36335.764 37217.076 38099.314 38982.436 39866.408 40751.195 41636.771 42523.110 43410.194 44298.002 45186.522 46075.741 46965.648 47856.236 48747.499 49639.430 50532.026 51425.284 52319.201 53213.773 54108.998 55004.871 55901.389 56798.545 57696.332 58594.742 59493.764 60393.384 61293.586 62194.352 63095.659 63997.481 64899.789 65802.549 66705.721 67609.264 68513.128 69417.260 70321.600 71226.082 72130.635

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 62.724 62.797 62.869 63.047 63.221 63.392 63.561 63.726 63.888 64.048 64.205 64.359 64.511 64.660 64.807 64.952 65.094 65.235 65.373 65.509 65.644 65.776 65.907 66.035 66.162 66.288 66.412 66.534 66.654 66.773 66.891 67.007 67.122 67.235 67.347 67.458 67.567 67.676 67.783 67.888 67.993 68.096 68.198 68.299

133

134

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table BE.8 N (Molecular Weight ⫽ 14.007, Enthalpy of Formation at 298 K ⫽ 183,846 Btu/lbmol) T (R) 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 536.67 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220 1240 1260

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 4.966 4.966 4.966 4.966 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) ⫺1175.117 ⫺1075.799 ⫺976.485 ⫺877.173 ⫺777.865 ⫺678.558 ⫺579.254 ⫺479.953 ⫺380.653 ⫺281.354 ⫺182.057 ⫺82.762 0 16.532 115.826 215.118 314.410 413.701 512.992 612.282 711.572 810.862 910.152 1009.441 1108.731 1208.020 1307.310 1406.600 1505.890 1605.180 1704.470 1803.761 1903.052 2002.343 2101.634 2200.926 2300.218 2399.510 2498.802 2598.095 2697.387 2796.680 2895.973 2995.266 3094.560 3193.853 3293.146 3392.440 3491.733 3591.027

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 33.700 34.021 34.322 34.606 34.874 35.129 35.371 35.602 35.823 36.034 36.237 36.432 36.588 36.619 36.799 36.974 37.142 37.305 37.462 37.615 37.763 37.907 38.047 38.183 38.316 38.445 38.570 38.693 38.812 38.929 39.043 39.155 39.264 39.371 39.475 39.578 39.678 39.776 39.873 39.967 40.060 40.151 40.241 40.329 40.415 40.500 40.583 40.665 40.746 40.825

Appendix BE

T (R) 1280 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 1600 1620 1640 1660 1680 1700 1720 1740 1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1940 1980 2020 2060 2100 2140 2180 2220 2260 2300 2340 2380 2420 2460 2500 2540 2580 2620

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.966 4.966 4.966 4.966 4.966 4.967 4.967 4.967 4.967 4.967 4.967 4.967 4.967 4.967 4.966 4.966 4.966 4.966 4.966

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 3690.320 3789.613 3888.906 3988.199 4087.492 4186.785 4286.077 4385.370 4484.662 4583.954 4683.246 4782.537 4881.828 4981.119 5080.410 5179.701 5278.991 5378.281 5477.572 5576.862 5676.152 5775.442 5874.732 5974.023 6073.313 6172.605 6271.896 6371.206 6470.504 6569.805 6669.110 6768.419 6967.044 7165.681 7364.327 7562.980 7761.639 7960.303 8158.970 8357.640 8556.310 8754.981 8953.650 9152.317 9350.981 9549.641 9748.297 9946.947 10145.592 10344.230

135

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 40.904 40.981 41.056 41.131 41.205 41.277 41.349 41.419 41.488 41.557 41.624 41.691 41.757 41.822 41.886 41.949 42.011 42.073 42.134 42.194 42.254 42.312 42.370 42.428 42.485 42.541 42.596 42.651 42.705 42.759 42.812 42.865 42.968 43.069 43.169 43.266 43.362 43.455 43.547 43.638 43.726 43.814 43.899 43.983 44.066 44.148 44.228 44.306 44.384 44.460 (continued)

136

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table BE.8 (continued)

T (R) 2660 2700 2740 2780 2820 2860 2900 2940 2980 3020 3060 3100 3140 3180 3220 3260 3300 3340 3380 3420 3460 3500 3540 3580 3620 3660 3700 3740 3780 3820 3860 3900 3940 3980 4020 4060 4100 4140 4180 4220 4260 4300 4340 4380 4420 4460 4500 4540 4580 4620 4660 4700

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 4.966 4.966 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.965 4.964 4.964 4.964 4.964 4.964 4.963 4.963 4.963 4.963 4.963 4.963 4.962 4.962 4.962 4.962 4.962 4.962 4.962 4.962 4.962 4.963 4.963 4.963 4.963 4.963 4.964 4.964 4.964 4.965 4.965 4.966 4.966 4.967 4.967 4.968 4.969 4.970 4.970 4.971 4.972 4.973 4.974 4.975 4.977 4.978

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 10542.861 10741.485 10940.101 11138.710 11337.310 11535.903 11734.486 11933.062 12131.629 12330.188 12528.739 12727.282 12925.818 13124.347 13322.869 13521.384 13719.894 13918.399 14116.900 14315.397 14513.891 14712.383 14910.874 15109.364 15307.856 15506.349 15704.845 15903.345 16101.851 16300.363 16498.883 16697.412 16895.952 17094.505 17293.071 17491.652 17690.251 17888.868 18087.506 18286.166 18484.850 18683.560 18882.297 19081.065 19279.865 19478.698 19677.568 19876.476 20075.424 20274.415 20473.451 20672.534

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 44.536 44.610 44.683 44.755 44.826 44.896 44.965 45.033 45.100 45.166 45.231 45.296 45.359 45.422 45.484 45.545 45.606 45.666 45.725 45.783 45.841 45.898 45.954 46.010 46.065 46.120 46.174 46.227 46.280 46.332 46.384 46.435 46.486 46.536 46.585 46.635 46.683 46.731 46.779 46.827 46.873 46.920 46.966 47.011 47.057 47.101 47.146 47.190 47.233 47.277 47.320 47.362

Appendix BE

T (R) 4740 4780 4820 4860 4900 5000 5100 5200 5300 5400 5500 5600 5700 5800 5900 6000 6100 6200 6300 6400 6500 6600 6700 6800 6900 7000 7100 7200 7300 7400 7500 7600 7700 7800 7900 8000 8100 8200 8300 8400 8500 8600 8700 8800 8900 9000

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 4.979 4.980 4.982 4.983 4.985 4.989 4.993 4.998 5.004 5.010 5.016 5.023 5.030 5.038 5.046 5.055 5.065 5.075 5.085 5.097 5.108 5.121 5.134 5.147 5.162 5.176 5.192 5.208 5.225 5.242 5.260 5.279 5.298 5.318 5.339 5.360 5.382 5.405 5.429 5.453 5.477 5.503 5.529 5.555 5.583 5.611

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 20871.667 21070.852 21270.092 21469.389 21668.745 22167.414 22666.514 23166.087 23666.179 24166.834 24668.100 25170.027 25672.663 26176.060 26680.270 27185.347 27691.344 28198.318 28706.326 29215.424 29725.671 30237.127 30749.851 31263.905 31779.349 32296.247 32814.661 33334.654 33856.291 34379.636 34904.754 35431.710 35960.569 36491.399 37024.265 37559.233 38096.370 38635.743 39177.419 39721.464 40267.945 40816.928 41368.481 41922.670 42479.560 43039.218

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 47.404 47.446 47.488 47.529 47.570 47.670 47.769 47.866 47.962 48.055 48.147 48.238 48.326 48.414 48.500 48.585 48.669 48.751 48.832 48.913 48.992 49.070 49.147 49.223 49.298 49.373 49.446 49.519 49.591 49.662 49.733 49.802 49.872 49.940 50.008 50.075 50.142 50.208 50.274 50.339 50.404 50.468 50.532 50.595 50.658 50.720

137

138

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table BE.9 NO (Molecular Weight ⫽ 30.006, Enthalpy of Formation at 298 K ⫽ 38,820 Btu/lbmol) T (R) 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 536.67 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220 1240

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 6.982 6.994 7.005 7.016 7.026 7.036 7.046 7.056 7.065 7.074 7.084 7.093 7.100 7.102 7.111 7.120 7.130 7.139 7.149 7.159 7.169 7.179 7.190 7.201 7.212 7.224 7.236 7.248 7.261 7.274 7.287 7.301 7.316 7.331 7.346 7.361 7.377 7.394 7.411 7.428 7.446 7.464 7.482 7.501 7.520 7.540 7.560 7.580 7.600

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) ⫺1667.076 ⫺1527.317 ⫺1387.330 ⫺1247.124 ⫺1106.705 ⫺966.082 ⫺825.259 ⫺684.242 ⫺543.035 ⫺401.641 ⫺260.062 ⫺118.299 0 23.647 165.777 308.091 450.592 593.282 736.164 879.242 1022.520 1166.003 1309.696 1453.605 1597.736 1742.095 1886.690 2031.529 2176.617 2321.964 2467.576 2613.464 2759.633 2906.094 3052.855 3199.924 3347.309 3495.019 3643.063 3791.449 3940.185 4089.279 4238.739 4388.573 4538.787 4689.388 4840.384 4991.780 5143.582

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 46.220 46.671 47.095 47.496 47.875 48.236 48.579 48.907 49.221 49.522 49.811 50.089 50.313 50.357 50.615 50.865 51.107 51.341 51.567 51.788 52.001 52.209 52.412 52.609 52.801 52.989 53.172 53.350 53.525 53.696 53.864 54.028 54.188 54.346 54.500 54.652 54.801 54.947 55.091 55.232 55.371 55.508 55.642 55.775 55.906 56.034 56.161 56.286 56.410

Appendix BE

T (R) 1260 1280 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 1600 1620 1640 1660 1680 1700 1720 1740 1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1940 1980 2020 2060 2100 2140 2180 2220 2260 2300 2340 2380 2420 2460 2500 2540 2580 2620

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 7.621 7.642 7.663 7.684 7.706 7.727 7.749 7.771 7.792 7.814 7.835 7.857 7.878 7.899 7.920 7.940 7.960 7.980 7.999 8.017 8.035 8.053 8.069 8.085 8.100 8.114 8.127 8.139 8.150 8.161 8.172 8.183 8.194 8.215 8.236 8.256 8.276 8.296 8.314 8.333 8.351 8.369 8.386 8.402 8.419 8.435 8.450 8.465 8.480 8.495 8.509

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 5295.795 5448.424 5601.474 5754.948 5908.850 6063.180 6217.943 6373.137 6528.765 6684.825 6841.316 6998.236 7155.581 7313.349 7471.533 7630.129 7789.129 7948.525 8108.308 8268.468 8428.993 8589.871 8751.088 8912.629 9074.477 9236.614 9399.022 9561.679 9724.563 9887.677 10051.013 10214.569 10378.342 10706.532 11035.561 11365.412 11696.065 12027.501 12359.702 12692.650 13026.327 13360.715 13695.799 14031.560 14367.983 14705.051 15042.749 15381.061 15719.972 16059.466 16399.530

139

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 56.532 56.652 56.770 56.888 57.003 57.118 57.231 57.342 57.453 57.562 57.670 57.776 57.882 57.987 58.090 58.192 58.294 58.394 58.493 58.591 58.689 58.785 58.880 58.975 59.068 59.161 59.253 59.344 59.434 59.523 59.611 59.699 59.785 59.956 60.124 60.289 60.451 60.610 60.767 60.921 61.073 61.222 61.369 61.514 61.656 61.797 61.935 62.072 62.206 62.339 62.470 (continued)

140

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table BE.9 (continued) T (R) 2660 2700 2740 2780 2820 2860 2900 2940 2980 3020 3060 3100 3140 3180 3220 3260 3300 3340 3380 3420 3460 3500 3540 3580 3620 3660 3700 3740 3780 3820 3860 3900 3940 3980 4020 4060 4100 4140 4180 4220 4260 4300 4340 4380 4420 4460 4500 4540 4580 4620 4660 4700

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 8.522 8.536 8.549 8.561 8.574 8.586 8.597 8.609 8.620 8.631 8.641 8.652 8.662 8.671 8.681 8.690 8.699 8.708 8.716 8.724 8.732 8.740 8.748 8.755 8.762 8.769 8.776 8.782 8.789 8.795 8.801 8.807 8.813 8.818 8.824 8.829 8.834 8.839 8.844 8.849 8.853 8.858 8.862 8.866 8.871 8.875 8.879 8.882 8.886 8.890 8.893 8.897

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 16740.149 17081.308 17422.995 17765.195 18107.895 18451.083 18794.746 19138.871 19483.447 19828.461 20173.902 20519.758 20866.019 21212.673 21559.711 21907.121 22254.894 22603.019 22951.488 23300.291 23649.419 23998.862 24348.613 24698.662 25049.002 25399.624 25750.521 26101.685 26453.109 26804.786 27156.708 27508.869 27861.262 28213.882 28566.721 28919.774 29273.035 29626.498 29980.159 30334.011 30688.050 31042.270 31396.668 31751.238 32105.975 32460.877 32815.939 33171.156 33526.525 33882.042 34237.704 34593.508

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 62.599 62.726 62.852 62.976 63.098 63.219 63.338 63.456 63.572 63.687 63.801 63.913 64.024 64.134 64.242 64.350 64.456 64.561 64.664 64.767 64.868 64.969 65.068 65.166 65.264 65.360 65.455 65.550 65.643 65.736 65.828 65.918 66.008 66.097 66.185 66.273 66.359 66.445 66.530 66.614 66.698 66.781 66.863 66.944 67.025 67.105 67.184 67.263 67.340 67.418 67.494 67.570

Appendix BE

T (R) 4740 4780 4820 4860 4900 5000 5100 5200 5300 5400 5500 5600 5700 5800 5900 6000 6100 6200 6300 6400 6500 6600 6700 6800 6900 7000 7100 7200 7300 7400 7500 7600 7700 7800 7900 8000 8100 8200 8300 8400 8500 8600 8700 8800 8900 9000

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 8.900 8.904 8.907 8.910 8.913 8.921 8.928 8.935 8.942 8.948 8.954 8.960 8.966 8.972 8.978 8.984 8.990 8.995 9.001 9.007 9.012 9.018 9.024 9.029 9.035 9.041 9.047 9.052 9.058 9.063 9.069 9.074 9.079 9.085 9.089 9.094 9.098 9.102 9.106 9.109 9.112 9.114 9.116 9.117 9.117 9.117

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 34949.450 35305.527 35661.736 36018.075 36374.541 37266.243 38158.685 39051.835 39945.664 40840.149 41735.270 42631.009 43527.352 44424.289 45321.809 46219.908 47118.580 48017.822 48917.633 49818.012 50718.959 51620.476 52522.562 53425.220 54328.449 55232.249 56136.620 57041.560 57947.063 58853.126 59759.740 60666.895 61574.579 62482.776 63391.469 64300.633 65210.244 66120.272 67030.682 67941.435 68852.487 69763.789 70675.287 71586.921 72498.623 73410.321

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 67.646 67.721 67.795 67.868 67.942 68.122 68.298 68.472 68.642 68.809 68.974 69.135 69.294 69.450 69.603 69.754 69.902 70.049 70.193 70.334 70.474 70.612 70.747 70.881 71.013 71.143 71.271 71.398 71.523 71.646 71.768 71.888 72.007 72.124 72.240 72.354 72.467 72.579 72.689 72.798 72.906 73.012 73.118 73.222 73.325 73.427

141

142

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table BE.10 NO2 (Molecular Weight ⫽ 30.006, Enthalpy of Formation at 298 K ⫽ 14,229.5 Btu/lbmol) T (R) 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 536.67 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220 1240 1260

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 7.506 7.629 7.749 7.867 7.982 8.095 8.205 8.314 8.420 8.524 8.627 8.727 8.809 8.825 8.922 9.016 9.109 9.200 9.290 9.378 9.464 9.549 9.633 9.715 9.796 9.875 9.953 10.030 10.105 10.180 10.253 10.325 10.395 10.465 10.534 10.601 10.668 10.733 10.798 10.862 10.924 10.986 11.046 11.106 11.165 11.222 11.279 11.335 11.390 11.444

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) ⫺1936.740 ⫺1785.389 ⫺1631.609 ⫺1475.451 ⫺1316.964 ⫺1156.195 ⫺993.190 ⫺827.995 ⫺660.653 ⫺491.205 ⫺319.694 ⫺146.160 0 29.360 206.828 386.207 567.461 750.557 935.462 1122.142 1310.567 1500.705 1692.528 1886.006 2081.111 2277.817 2476.096 2675.923 2877.273 3080.120 3284.442 3490.215 3697.416 3906.022 4116.013 4327.365 4540.059 4754.074 4969.389 5185.984 5403.840 5622.936 5843.254 6064.775 6287.478 6511.346 6736.360 6962.499 7189.746 7418.082

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 52.582 53.070 53.536 53.983 54.411 54.823 55.221 55.605 55.977 56.338 56.688 57.028 57.305 57.359 57.682 57.997 58.304 58.604 58.898 59.185 59.466 59.742 60.012 60.277 60.537 60.792 61.043 61.290 61.533 61.771 62.006 62.238 62.465 62.690 62.911 63.128 63.343 63.555 63.764 63.971 64.174 64.375 64.574 64.770 64.963 65.155 65.344 65.531 65.715 65.898

Appendix BE

T (R)

cp (Btu/lbmol·R)

1280 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 1600 1620 1640 1660 1680 1700 1720 1740 1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1940 1980 2020 2060 2100 2140 2180 2220 2260 2300 2340 2380 2420 2460 2500 2540 2580 2620 2660

11.497 11.549 11.600 11.650 11.699 11.747 11.794 11.840 11.885 11.929 11.972 12.014 12.054 12.094 12.132 12.169 12.205 12.239 12.272 12.304 12.334 12.363 12.391 12.417 12.441 12.464 12.485 12.505 12.524 12.544 12.563 12.582 12.620 12.656 12.691 12.726 12.759 12.792 12.824 12.855 12.885 12.914 12.942 12.970 12.996 13.022 13.047 13.072 13.096 13.119 13.141

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 7647.487 7877.943 8109.429 8341.927 8575.418 8809.880 9045.294 9281.639 9518.895 9757.040 9996.052 10235.911 10476.592 10718.072 10960.330 11203.339 11447.075 11691.513 11936.627 12182.389 12428.772 12675.748 12923.287 13171.360 13419.935 13668.981 13918.464 14168.360 14418.651 14669.335 14920.408 15171.864 15675.907 16181.423 16688.375 17196.724 17706.432 18217.463 18729.780 19243.349 19758.135 20274.103 20791.221 21309.455 21828.773 22349.145 22870.540 23392.926 23916.276 24440.560 24965.749

143

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 66.079 66.257 66.434 66.609 66.782 66.953 67.122 67.290 67.456 67.620 67.783 67.944 68.103 68.261 68.417 68.572 68.725 68.877 69.028 69.177 69.324 69.470 69.615 69.758 69.900 70.041 70.181 70.319 70.455 70.591 70.725 70.858 71.121 71.379 71.632 71.881 72.126 72.367 72.605 72.838 73.068 73.294 73.517 73.737 73.953 74.166 74.377 74.584 74.788 74.990 75.189 (continued)

144

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table BE.10 (continued) T (R)

cp (Btu/lbmol·R)

2700 2740 2780 2820 2860 2900 2940 2980 3020 3060 3100 3140 3180 3220 3260 3300 3340 3380 3420 3460 3500 3540 3580 3620 3660 3700 3740 3780 3820 3860 3900 3940 3980 4020 4060 4100 4140 4180 4220 4260 4300 4340 4380 4420 4460 4500 4540 4580 4620 4660 4700 4740

13.163 13.183 13.204 13.223 13.242 13.261 13.279 13.296 13.313 13.329 13.344 13.359 13.374 13.388 13.402 13.415 13.427 13.439 13.451 13.462 13.473 13.484 13.494 13.504 13.513 13.522 13.531 13.539 13.547 13.555 13.562 13.569 13.576 13.582 13.589 13.595 13.601 13.606 13.611 13.616 13.621 13.626 13.631 13.635 13.639 13.643 13.647 13.650 13.654 13.657 13.661 13.664

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 25491.817 26018.736 26546.479 27075.022 27604.338 28134.404 28665.194 29196.686 29728.856 30261.682 30795.142 31329.215 31863.880 32399.117 32934.906 33471.228 34008.063 34545.394 35083.204 35621.474 36160.188 36699.329 37238.883 37778.833 38319.164 38859.863 39400.915 39942.306 40484.023 41026.054 41568.387 42111.008 42653.908 43197.074 43740.496 44284.164 44828.067 45372.197 45916.543 46461.097 47005.851 47550.796 48095.925 48641.230 49186.703 49732.338 50278.129 50824.068 51370.151 51916.372 52462.724 53009.204

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 75.385 75.579 75.770 75.959 76.145 76.329 76.511 76.691 76.868 77.043 77.217 77.388 77.557 77.724 77.890 78.053 78.215 78.375 78.533 78.689 78.844 78.997 79.149 79.299 79.447 79.594 79.740 79.884 80.026 80.167 80.307 80.446 80.583 80.719 80.853 80.986 81.118 81.249 81.379 81.507 81.634 81.761 81.886 82.010 82.132 82.254 82.375 82.495 82.613 82.731 82.848 82.964

Appendix BE

T (R)

cp (Btu/lbmol·R)

4780 4820 4860 4900 5000 5100 5200 5300 5400 5500 5600 5700 5800 5900 6000 6100 6200 6300 6400 6500 6600 6700 6800 6900 7000 7100 7200 7300 7400 7500 7600 7700 7800 7900 8000 8100 8200 8300 8400 8500 8600 8700 8800 8900 9000

13.667 13.670 13.672 13.675 13.681 13.687 13.693 13.698 13.703 13.707 13.712 13.717 13.721 13.726 13.730 13.735 13.740 13.744 13.749 13.755 13.760 13.765 13.771 13.776 13.782 13.788 13.793 13.799 13.804 13.810 13.814 13.819 13.823 13.827 13.830 13.833 13.834 13.835 13.835 13.834 13.831 13.827 13.821 13.814 13.805

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 53555.806 54102.526 54649.359 55196.302 56564.113 57932.533 59301.518 60671.032 62041.047 63411.542 64782.502 66153.918 67525.786 68898.105 70270.880 71644.117 73017.827 74392.020 75766.708 77141.906 78517.625 79893.879 81270.679 82648.033 84025.948 85404.427 86783.470 88163.072 89543.223 90923.907 92305.101 93686.777 95068.898 96451.419 97834.285 99217.433 100600.789 101984.270 103367.778 104751.207 106134.435 107517.329 108899.741 110281.507 111662.451

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 83.078 83.192 83.305 83.417 83.694 83.965 84.231 84.491 84.748 84.999 85.246 85.489 85.727 85.962 86.193 86.420 86.643 86.863 87.079 87.293 87.503 87.710 87.914 88.115 88.313 88.509 88.701 88.892 89.079 89.265 89.448 89.628 89.807 89.983 90.157 90.329 90.498 90.666 90.832 90.995 91.157 91.317 91.475 91.631 91.786

145

146

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table BE.11 T (R) 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 536.67 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220 1240 1260

O2 (Molecular Weight ⫽ 31.999, Enthalpy of Formation at 298 K ⫽ 0 Btu/lbmol) cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 6.733 6.755 6.778 6.801 6.823 6.846 6.869 6.891 6.914 6.937 6.960 6.983 7.002 7.006 7.029 7.052 7.075 7.098 7.121 7.145 7.168 7.192 7.216 7.239 7.263 7.287 7.311 7.335 7.359 7.383 7.407 7.431 7.456 7.480 7.504 7.529 7.553 7.577 7.602 7.626 7.650 7.674 7.699 7.723 7.747 7.770 7.794 7.818 7.841 7.864

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) ⫺1625.167 ⫺1490.290 ⫺1354.959 ⫺1219.175 ⫺1082.938 ⫺946.248 ⫺809.104 ⫺671.506 ⫺533.454 ⫺394.945 ⫺255.981 ⫺116.559 0 23.322 163.663 304.465 445.729 587.458 729.652 872.314 1015.444 1159.045 1303.118 1447.665 1592.686 1738.185 1884.161 2030.617 2177.554 2324.972 2472.874 2621.259 2770.130 2919.486 3069.329 3219.658 3370.473 3521.776 3673.565 3825.840 3978.601 4131.846 4285.574 4439.785 4594.476 4749.645 4905.290 5061.409 5217.997 5375.053

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 44.987 45.422 45.833 46.221 46.589 46.939 47.274 47.594 47.901 48.196 48.479 48.753 48.973 49.017 49.272 49.519 49.758 49.991 50.216 50.436 50.650 50.858 51.061 51.259 51.452 51.641 51.826 52.007 52.184 52.357 52.527 52.694 52.857 53.018 53.176 53.331 53.483 53.633 53.780 53.925 54.068 54.209 54.347 54.484 54.618 54.751 54.882 55.011 55.138 55.264

Appendix BE

T (R) 1280 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 1600 1620 1640 1660 1680 1700 1720 1740 1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1940 1980 2020 2060 2100 2140 2180 2220 2260 2300 2340 2380 2420 2460 2500 2540 2580 2620 2660

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 7.888 7.910 7.933 7.955 7.977 7.999 8.021 8.042 8.063 8.083 8.103 8.123 8.142 8.160 8.178 8.196 8.213 8.229 8.245 8.260 8.274 8.288 8.301 8.313 8.324 8.335 8.344 8.353 8.362 8.371 8.380 8.389 8.407 8.424 8.442 8.459 8.476 8.493 8.509 8.526 8.543 8.559 8.575 8.591 8.607 8.623 8.639 8.654 8.670 8.685 8.700

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 5532.572 5690.550 5848.984 6007.867 6167.195 6326.961 6487.161 6647.788 6808.833 6970.290 7132.152 7294.408 7457.051 7620.071 7783.458 7947.200 8111.288 8275.709 8440.451 8605.500 8770.844 8936.468 9102.358 9268.497 9434.870 9601.460 9768.249 9935.224 10102.377 10269.710 10437.222 10604.912 10940.824 11277.438 11614.749 11952.752 12291.440 12630.808 12970.850 13311.560 13652.934 13994.964 14337.646 14680.975 15024.945 15369.551 15714.788 16060.650 16407.133 16754.231 17101.939

147

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 55.388 55.510 55.631 55.751 55.869 55.985 56.100 56.214 56.327 56.438 56.548 56.657 56.765 56.872 56.977 57.081 57.184 57.287 57.388 57.488 57.587 57.685 57.782 57.878 57.973 58.067 58.160 58.252 58.344 58.434 58.524 58.612 58.787 58.959 59.128 59.294 59.456 59.616 59.774 59.929 60.081 60.231 60.379 60.524 60.668 60.809 60.948 61.085 61.221 61.354 61.486 (continued)

148

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table BE.11 (continued) T (R) 2700 2740 2780 2820 2860 2900 2940 2980 3020 3060 3100 3140 3180 3220 3260 3300 3340 3380 3420 3460 3500 3540 3580 3620 3660 3700 3740 3780 3820 3860 3900 3940 3980 4020 4060 4100 4140 4180 4220 4260 4300 4340 4380 4420 4460 4500 4540 4580 4620 4660 4700 4740

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 8.715 8.730 8.745 8.760 8.775 8.789 8.803 8.818 8.832 8.846 8.860 8.874 8.887 8.901 8.915 8.928 8.941 8.955 8.968 8.981 8.994 9.006 9.019 9.032 9.044 9.057 9.069 9.082 9.094 9.106 9.118 9.130 9.142 9.154 9.165 9.177 9.188 9.200 9.211 9.223 9.234 9.245 9.256 9.267 9.278 9.289 9.300 9.311 9.321 9.332 9.342 9.353

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 17450.254 17799.169 18148.680 18498.783 18849.472 19200.743 19552.591 19905.013 20258.003 20611.557 20965.671 21320.340 21675.560 22031.328 22387.638 22744.487 23101.871 23459.786 23818.227 24177.191 24536.675 24896.674 25257.184 25618.202 25979.724 26341.747 26704.267 27067.280 27430.783 27794.773 28159.246 28524.199 28889.628 29255.531 29621.903 29988.742 30356.045 30723.808 31092.029 31460.704 31829.831 32199.405 32569.426 32939.889 33310.792 33682.131 34053.905 34426.110 34798.744 35171.804 35545.287 35919.191

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 61.616 61.744 61.871 61.996 62.119 62.241 62.362 62.481 62.599 62.715 62.830 62.944 63.056 63.167 63.277 63.386 63.494 63.600 63.706 63.810 63.913 64.015 64.117 64.217 64.316 64.415 64.512 64.609 64.704 64.799 64.893 64.986 65.078 65.170 65.261 65.351 65.440 65.528 65.616 65.703 65.789 65.875 65.959 66.044 66.127 66.210 66.292 66.374 66.455 66.535 66.615 66.694

Appendix BE

T (R)

cp (Btu/lbmol·R)

4780 4820 4860 4900 5000 5100 5200 5300 5400 5500 5600 5700 5800 5900 6000 6100 6200 6300 6400 6500 6600 6700 6800 6900 7000 7100 7200 7300 7400 7500 7600 7700 7800 7900 8000 8100 8200 8300 8400 8500 8600 8700 8800 8900 9000

9.363 9.374 9.384 9.394 9.419 9.444 9.469 9.493 9.517 9.541 9.564 9.587 9.609 9.632 9.653 9.675 9.697 9.718 9.738 9.759 9.779 9.799 9.819 9.838 9.857 9.876 9.895 9.913 9.931 9.949 9.967 9.984 10.001 10.018 10.034 10.050 10.066 10.082 10.097 10.112 10.126 10.141 10.154 10.168 10.181

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 36293.513 36668.250 37043.400 37418.961 38359.642 39302.835 40248.503 41196.611 42147.122 43100.003 44055.221 45012.742 45972.537 46934.572 47898.819 48865.246 49833.825 50804.528 51777.324 52752.187 53729.089 54708.003 55688.900 56671.754 57656.539 58643.227 59631.792 60622.206 61614.442 62608.475 63604.275 64601.817 65601.071 66602.010 67604.605 68608.827 69614.647 70622.034 71630.958 72641.388 73653.291 74666.635 75681.386 76697.509 77714.970

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 66.773 66.851 66.929 67.006 67.196 67.382 67.566 67.747 67.924 68.099 68.271 68.441 68.608 68.772 68.934 69.094 69.251 69.407 69.560 69.711 69.860 70.007 70.153 70.296 70.438 70.578 70.716 70.853 70.988 71.121 71.253 71.383 71.512 71.640 71.766 71.891 72.014 72.136 72.257 72.377 72.495 72.612 72.728 72.843 72.957

149

150

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table BE.12 O (Molecular Weight ⫽ 16.000, Enthalpy of Formation at 298 K ⫽ 107,134 Btu/lbmol) T (R) 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 536.67 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220 1240 1260 1280

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 5.428 5.408 5.388 5.369 5.350 5.333 5.316 5.299 5.284 5.269 5.255 5.241 5.230 5.228 5.216 5.204 5.193 5.182 5.172 5.162 5.152 5.144 5.135 5.127 5.120 5.112 5.106 5.099 5.093 5.087 5.082 5.077 5.072 5.068 5.063 5.059 5.056 5.052 5.049 5.046 5.043 5.040 5.037 5.035 5.033 5.031 5.029 5.027 5.025 5.024 5.022

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) ⫺1259.354 ⫺1150.996 ⫺1043.044 ⫺935.482 ⫺828.296 ⫺721.469 ⫺614.988 ⫺508.838 ⫺403.005 ⫺297.476 ⫺192.239 ⫺87.280 0 17.413 121.852 226.048 330.012 433.755 537.287 640.619 743.760 846.719 949.506 1052.129 1154.597 1256.917 1359.098 1461.147 1563.070 1664.876 1766.570 1868.159 1969.648 2071.044 2172.353 2273.578 2374.726 2475.801 2576.807 2677.749 2778.631 2879.456 2980.228 3080.951 3181.628 3282.261 3382.854 3483.409 3583.928 3684.413 3784.867

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 35.340 35.690 36.017 36.325 36.614 36.888 37.148 37.395 37.630 37.855 38.070 38.276 38.441 38.473 38.663 38.846 39.022 39.192 39.356 39.515 39.669 39.819 39.963 40.104 40.241 40.374 40.503 40.629 40.752 40.871 40.988 41.103 41.214 41.323 41.430 41.534 41.636 41.736 41.834 41.931 42.025 42.117 42.208 42.297 42.385 42.471 42.555 42.638 42.720 42.801 42.880

Appendix BE

T (R) 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 1600 1620 1640 1660 1680 1700 1720 1740 1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1940 1980 2020 2060 2100 2140 2180 2220 2260 2300 2340 2380 2420 2460 2500 2540 2580 2620 2660

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 5.021 5.019 5.018 5.017 5.016 5.014 5.013 5.012 5.011 5.010 5.010 5.009 5.008 5.007 5.006 5.005 5.004 5.003 5.002 5.001 5.000 5.000 4.999 4.998 4.996 4.995 4.995 4.994 4.994 4.994 4.993 4.992 4.991 4.990 4.990 4.989 4.988 4.987 4.986 4.985 4.985 4.984 4.983 4.983 4.982 4.981 4.981 4.980 4.979 4.979

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 3885.292 3985.689 4086.060 4186.405 4286.727 4387.027 4487.305 4587.563 4687.800 4788.018 4888.218 4988.398 5088.561 5188.706 5288.833 5388.942 5489.034 5589.107 5689.162 5789.199 5889.217 5989.217 6089.196 6189.156 6289.095 6389.014 6488.923 6588.817 6688.701 6788.576 6888.441 7088.145 7287.812 7487.443 7687.040 7886.602 8086.131 8285.627 8485.091 8684.524 8883.926 9083.298 9282.642 9481.957 9681.246 9880.507 10079.743 10278.955 10478.142 10677.307

151

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 42.958 43.034 43.110 43.184 43.257 43.329 43.400 43.471 43.540 43.608 43.675 43.741 43.807 43.872 43.935 43.998 44.060 44.122 44.183 44.242 44.302 44.360 44.418 44.475 44.531 44.587 44.642 44.697 44.751 44.804 44.857 44.961 45.063 45.163 45.261 45.357 45.451 45.543 45.634 45.723 45.810 45.896 45.981 46.064 46.146 46.226 46.305 46.383 46.459 46.535 (continued)

152

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table BE.12 (continued)

T (R) 2700 2740 2780 2820 2860 2900 2940 2980 3020 3060 3100 3140 3180 3220 3260 3300 3340 3380 3420 3460 3500 3540 3580 3620 3660 3700 3740 3780 3820 3860 3900 3940 3980 4020 4060 4100 4140 4180 4220 4260 4300 4340 4380 4420 4460 4500 4540 4580 4620 4660 4700

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 4.978 4.978 4.977 4.977 4.976 4.976 4.976 4.975 4.975 4.974 4.974 4.974 4.974 4.973 4.973 4.973 4.973 4.973 4.973 4.973 4.973 4.972 4.972 4.973 4.973 4.973 4.973 4.973 4.973 4.973 4.973 4.974 4.974 4.974 4.975 4.975 4.975 4.976 4.976 4.977 4.977 4.978 4.978 4.979 4.980 4.980 4.981 4.982 4.982 4.983 4.984

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 10876.449 11075.570 11274.671 11473.752 11672.815 11871.860 12070.888 12269.901 12468.900 12667.884 12866.856 13065.816 13264.765 13463.704 13662.635 13861.558 14060.474 14259.385 14458.291 14657.193 14856.093 15054.991 15253.889 15452.787 15651.687 15850.590 16049.497 16248.409 16447.327 16646.252 16845.186 17044.129 17243.082 17442.047 17641.025 17840.017 18039.023 18238.046 18437.086 18636.145 18835.223 19034.322 19233.442 19432.586 19631.753 19830.946 20030.166 20229.413 20428.688 20627.994 20827.330

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 46.609 46.682 46.755 46.826 46.896 46.965 47.033 47.100 47.167 47.232 47.297 47.360 47.423 47.486 47.547 47.608 47.668 47.727 47.785 47.843 47.900 47.957 48.013 48.068 48.122 48.177 48.230 48.283 48.335 48.387 48.438 48.489 48.539 48.589 48.638 48.687 48.735 48.783 48.831 48.878 48.924 48.970 49.016 49.061 49.106 49.150 49.194 49.238 49.281 49.324 49.367

Appendix BE

T (R) 4740 4780 4820 4860 4900 5000 5100 5200 5300 5400 5500 5600 5700 5800 5900 6000 6100 6200 6300 6400 6500 6600 6700 6800 6900 7000 7100 7200 7300 7400 7500 7600 7700 7800 7900 8000 8100 8200 8300 8400 8500 8600 8700 8800 8900 9000

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 4.985 4.986 4.986 4.987 4.988 4.991 4.993 4.996 4.999 5.002 5.006 5.009 5.013 5.017 5.021 5.025 5.029 5.034 5.038 5.043 5.048 5.053 5.059 5.064 5.070 5.075 5.081 5.087 5.093 5.099 5.106 5.112 5.118 5.125 5.132 5.138 5.145 5.152 5.159 5.166 5.173 5.180 5.187 5.194 5.201 5.208

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 21026.699 21226.101 21425.538 21625.010 21824.519 22323.460 22822.655 23322.124 23821.883 24321.951 24822.344 25323.080 25824.178 26325.652 26827.522 27329.802 27832.510 28335.661 28839.272 29343.358 29847.935 30353.017 30858.619 31364.754 31871.438 32378.683 32886.502 33394.907 33903.911 34413.525 34923.760 35434.626 35946.134 36458.292 36971.110 37484.595 37998.754 38513.595 39029.124 39545.347 40062.266 40579.888 41098.215 41617.249 42136.992 42657.445

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 49.409 49.451 49.493 49.534 49.575 49.676 49.774 49.871 49.967 50.060 50.152 50.242 50.331 50.418 50.504 50.588 50.671 50.753 50.834 50.913 50.991 51.069 51.145 51.220 51.294 51.366 51.439 51.510 51.580 51.649 51.718 51.785 51.852 51.918 51.984 52.048 52.112 52.175 52.238 52.300 52.361 52.421 52.481 52.541 52.599 52.657

153

154

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table BE.13 C(s) (Graphite, Molecular Weight ⫽ 12.011, Enthalpy of Formation at 298 K ⫽ 0 Btu/lbmol) T (R) 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 536.67 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220 1240

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 0.754 0.873 0.991 1.106 1.219 1.330 1.439 1.545 1.650 1.752 1.853 1.952 2.032 2.048 2.143 2.236 2.327 2.416 2.503 2.588 2.672 2.754 2.834 2.913 2.990 3.065 3.138 3.210 3.281 3.349 3.417 3.483 3.547 3.610 3.671 3.731 3.789 3.847 3.902 3.957 4.010 4.062 4.112 4.161 4.209 4.256 4.301 4.346 4.389

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) ⫺335.447 ⫺319.175 ⫺300.532 ⫺279.563 ⫺256.311 ⫺230.821 ⫺203.133 ⫺173.292 ⫺141.338 ⫺107.312 ⫺71.255 ⫺33.206 0 6.794 48.707 92.495 138.121 185.546 234.734 285.650 338.257 392.520 448.404 505.876 564.901 625.447 687.480 750.968 815.880 882.184 949.848 1018.844 1089.140 1160.706 1233.515 1307.536 1382.741 1459.103 1536.594 1615.186 1694.854 1775.569 1857.307 1940.041 2023.747 2108.398 2193.972 2280.442 2367.786

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 0.582 0.634 0.691 0.750 0.813 0.879 0.946 1.016 1.087 1.159 1.233 1.307 1.370 1.383 1.459 1.536 1.613 1.691 1.769 1.847 1.926 2.004 2.083 2.162 2.240 2.319 2.398 2.476 2.554 2.632 2.710 2.787 2.865 2.942 3.018 3.095 3.171 3.246 3.321 3.396 3.471 3.545 3.618 3.692 3.764 3.837 3.909 3.980 4.051

Appendix BE

T (R) 1260 1280 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 1600 1620 1640 1660 1680 1700 1720 1740 1760 1780 1800 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1940 1980 2020 2060 2100 2140 2180 2220 2260 2300 2340 2380 2420 2460 2500 2540 2580 2620

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 4.431 4.471 4.511 4.549 4.587 4.623 4.658 4.692 4.725 4.757 4.788 4.818 4.847 4.875 4.902 4.929 4.954 4.978 5.001 5.023 5.045 5.065 5.085 5.104 5.122 5.139 5.155 5.170 5.185 5.200 5.214 5.228 5.243 5.270 5.298 5.324 5.350 5.376 5.401 5.425 5.449 5.472 5.495 5.517 5.539 5.560 5.580 5.601 5.620 5.640 5.659

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 2455.980 2545.000 2634.824 2725.428 2816.791 2908.890 3001.704 3095.211 3189.389 3284.219 3379.679 3475.749 3572.409 3669.639 3767.419 3865.730 3964.552 4063.868 4163.658 4263.903 4364.586 4465.688 4567.191 4669.078 4771.332 4873.934 4976.868 5080.117 5183.666 5287.510 5391.645 5496.068 5600.776 5811.035 6022.396 6234.834 6448.326 6662.849 6878.378 7094.891 7312.367 7530.782 7750.117 7970.349 8191.459 8413.426 8636.230 8859.853 9084.276 9309.480 9535.447

155

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 4.122 4.192 4.261 4.331 4.399 4.468 4.535 4.603 4.669 4.736 4.802 4.867 4.932 4.996 5.060 5.123 5.186 5.249 5.311 5.372 5.433 5.494 5.554 5.614 5.673 5.731 5.789 5.847 5.904 5.961 6.017 6.073 6.129 6.238 6.346 6.452 6.557 6.660 6.762 6.862 6.961 7.058 7.154 7.249 7.343 7.436 7.527 7.617 7.706 7.794 7.881 (continued)

156

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table BE.13 (continued) T (R) 2660 2700 2740 2780 2820 2860 2900 2940 2980 3020 3060 3100 3140 3180 3220 3260 3300 3340 3380 3420 3460 3500 3540 3580 3620 3660 3700 3740 3780 3820 3860 3900 3940 3980 4020 4060 4100 4140 4180 4220 4260 4300 4340 4380 4420 4460 4500 4540 4580 4620 4660

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 5.677 5.695 5.713 5.730 5.747 5.763 5.779 5.795 5.810 5.825 5.839 5.854 5.868 5.881 5.894 5.907 5.920 5.933 5.945 5.957 5.968 5.980 5.991 6.002 6.012 6.023 6.033 6.043 6.053 6.063 6.072 6.081 6.090 6.099 6.108 6.117 6.125 6.133 6.142 6.150 6.157 6.165 6.173 6.180 6.188 6.195 6.203 6.210 6.217 6.224 6.231

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 9762.159 9989.600 10217.752 10446.599 10676.126 10906.315 11137.153 11368.623 11600.712 11833.405 12066.688 12300.548 12534.972 12769.947 13005.460 13241.500 13478.053 13715.110 13952.658 14190.688 14429.187 14668.147 14907.557 15147.408 15387.690 15628.394 15869.512 16111.034 16352.954 16595.262 16837.952 17081.016 17324.446 17568.237 17812.381 18056.872 18301.704 18546.871 18792.367 19038.188 19284.327 19530.781 19777.543 20024.611 20271.979 20519.643 20767.599 21015.845 21264.376 21513.188 21762.280

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 7.967 8.052 8.136 8.219 8.301 8.382 8.462 8.541 8.619 8.697 8.774 8.850 8.925 8.999 9.073 9.146 9.218 9.289 9.360 9.430 9.499 9.568 9.636 9.703 9.770 9.836 9.902 9.967 10.031 10.095 10.158 10.221 10.283 10.344 10.405 10.466 10.526 10.585 10.644 10.703 10.761 10.818 10.876 10.932 10.988 11.044 11.100 11.155 11.209 11.263 11.317

Appendix BE

T (R) 4700 4740 4780 4820 4860 4900 5000 5100 5200 5300 5400 5500 5600 5700 5800 5900 6000 6100 6200 6300 6400 6500 6600 6700 6800 6900 7000 7100 7200 7300 7400 7500 7600 7700 7800 7900 8000 8100 8200 8300 8400 8500 8600 8700 8800 8900 9000

cp (Btu/lbmol·R) 6.238 6.244 6.251 6.258 6.264 6.271 6.287 6.303 6.319 6.335 6.350 6.366 6.381 6.397 6.413 6.428 6.444 6.460 6.476 6.492 6.508 6.524 6.541 6.557 6.574 6.591 6.607 6.624 6.641 6.658 6.674 6.691 6.707 6.724 6.739 6.755 6.770 6.785 6.799 6.812 6.825 6.837 6.848 6.858 6.867 6.875 6.882

Thermodynamic Properties of Ideal Gases and Carbon

hⴗ(T ) ⴚ hⴗf (298) (Btu/lbmol) 22011.648 22261.288 22511.199 22761.379 23011.824 23262.533 23890.448 24519.973 25151.088 25783.776 26418.028 27053.836 27691.196 28330.109 28970.579 29612.611 30256.213 30901.394 31548.166 32196.540 32846.529 33498.144 34151.399 34806.304 35462.868 36121.101 36781.008 37442.593 38105.858 38770.800 39437.412 40105.685 40775.603 41447.148 42120.293 42795.008 43471.255 44148.992 44828.166 45508.720 46190.587 46873.693 47557.954 48243.278 48929.563 49616.697 50304.557

s ⴗ( T ) (Btu/lbmol·R) 11.370 11.423 11.475 11.528 11.579 11.631 11.758 11.882 12.005 12.125 12.244 12.361 12.475 12.588 12.700 12.810 12.918 13.024 13.130 13.233 13.336 13.437 13.536 13.635 13.732 13.828 13.923 14.017 14.110 14.202 14.292 14.382 14.471 14.558 14.645 14.731 14.816 14.901 14.984 15.066 15.148 15.229 15.309 15.388 15.467 15.544 15.621

157

Appendix CE Thermodynamic and Thermo-Physical Properties of Air

Table CE.1 Approximate Composition, Apparent Molecular Weight, and Gas Constant for Dry Air Constituent

Mole %

N2 O2 Ar CO2 Ne, He, CH4, others mair Rair

78.08 20.95 0.93 0.036 0.003 28.97 lbm/lbmol 0.06855 Btu/lbm·R ⫽ 0.3704 psia·ft3/lbm·R

Table CE.2 Thermodynamic Properties of Air at 1 atm Temp. (R) 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 page 158

h (Btu/lbm)

u (Btu/lbm)

s⬚ (Btu/lbm·R)

cp (Btu/lbm·R)

cv (Btu/lbm·R)

␥ (⫽ cp /cv)

140.16 144.97 149.78 154.59 159.40 164.20 169.01 173.82 178.63 183.44 188.25 193.07 197.89 202.71 207.53 212.36 217.20 222.04 226.88 231.74 236.59 241.46 246.34

115.51 118.94 122.37 125.81 129.24 132.67 136.10 139.53 142.96 146.40 149.83 153.27 156.72 160.16 163.61 167.07 170.53 173.99 177.47 180.94 184.43 187.92 191.42

0.83166 0.84467 0.85701 0.86874 0.87993 0.89061 0.90084 0.91066 0.92009 0.92917 0.93792 0.94637 0.95453 0.96244 0.97010 0.97753 0.98475 0.99176 0.99859 1.0052 1.0117 1.0180 1.0242

0.24069 0.24057 0.24048 0.24043 0.24039 0.24039 0.24040 0.24044 0.24050 0.24059 0.24069 0.24083 0.24098 0.24116 0.24137 0.24160 0.24186 0.24214 0.24244 0.24277 0.24313 0.24350 0.24390

0.17121 0.17120 0.17120 0.17121 0.17124 0.17129 0.17135 0.17143 0.17153 0.17164 0.17177 0.17193 0.17211 0.17231 0.17253 0.17278 0.17305 0.17334 0.17366 0.17400 0.17436 0.17475 0.17515

1.4058 1.4052 1.4047 1.4042 1.4038 1.4034 1.4030 1.4026 1.4021 1.4017 1.4012 1.4007 1.4002 1.3996 1.3990 1.3983 1.3976 1.3969 1.3961 1.3953 1.3944 1.3935 1.3925

Appendix CE

Temp. (R) 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220 1240 1260 1280 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 1400 1420 1440 1460 1500 1540 1580 1620 1660 1700 1740 1780 1820 1860 1900 1940 1980 2020 2060 2100 2140 2180 2220

Thermodynamic and Thermo-Physical Properties of Air

159

h (Btu/lbm)

u (Btu/lbm)

s⬚ (Btu/lbm·R)

c p (Btu/lbm·R)

cv (Btu/lbm·R)

␥ (⫽ cp /cv)

251.22 256.11 261.01 265.92 270.84 275.77 280.71 285.66 290.62 295.59 300.57 305.57 310.58 315.60 320.63 325.67 330.73 335.80 340.88 345.98 351.09 356.21 361.34 366.49 371.64 376.82 382.00 387.20 392.41 397.63 402.86 408.11 413.37 423.93 434.53 445.18 455.87 466.61 477.40 488.23 499.10 510.01 520.96 531.95 542.97 554.03 565.13 576.26 587.43 598.63 609.85 621.11

194.93 198.45 201.97 205.51 209.06 212.61 216.18 219.75 223.34 226.94 230.55 234.18 237.81 241.46 245.12 248.79 252.47 256.17 259.88 263.60 267.34 271.08 274.84 278.62 282.40 286.20 290.01 293.84 297.67 301.52 305.39 309.26 313.15 320.96 328.81 336.72 344.67 352.66 360.70 368.79 376.91 385.07 393.28 401.52 409.80 418.12 426.47 434.86 443.28 451.73 460.22 468.73

1.0302 1.0361 1.0419 1.0475 1.0531 1.0585 1.0638 1.0690 1.0741 1.0791 1.0841 1.0889 1.0937 1.0984 1.1030 1.1075 1.1120 1.1164 1.1208 1.1251 1.1293 1.1334 1.1375 1.1416 1.1456 1.1495 1.1534 1.1573 1.1611 1.1649 1.1686 1.1722 1.1759 1.1830 1.1900 1.1968 1.2035 1.2100 1.2164 1.2227 1.2289 1.2350 1.2409 1.2468 1.2525 1.2582 1.2637 1.2692 1.2745 1.2798 1.2850 1.2901

0.24432 0.24476 0.24523 0.24571 0.24620 0.24672 0.24725 0.24779 0.24835 0.24892 0.24950 0.25009 0.25069 0.25130 0.25192 0.25254 0.25317 0.25380 0.25443 0.25507 0.25571 0.25635 0.25699 0.25762 0.25826 0.25890 0.25953 0.26016 0.26079 0.26142 0.26204 0.26265 0.26327 0.26448 0.26566 0.26683 0.26796 0.26908 0.27016 0.27122 0.27225 0.27326 0.27423 0.27518 0.27611 0.27700 0.27787 0.27872 0.27954 0.28033 0.28110 0.28185

0.17558 0.17603 0.17650 0.17698 0.17748 0.17800 0.17854 0.17909 0.17965 0.18022 0.18081 0.18140 0.18201 0.18262 0.18324 0.18386 0.18449 0.18512 0.18576 0.18640 0.18704 0.18768 0.18832 0.18896 0.18960 0.19024 0.19087 0.19151 0.19214 0.19276 0.19338 0.19400 0.19462 0.19583 0.19701 0.19818 0.19932 0.20043 0.20152 0.20258 0.20361 0.20462 0.20560 0.20655 0.20747 0.20837 0.20924 0.21008 0.21090 0.21170 0.21247 0.21322

1.3915 1.3905 1.3894 1.3883 1.3872 1.3860 1.3848 1.3836 1.3824 1.3812 1.3799 1.3787 1.3774 1.3761 1.3748 1.3735 1.3722 1.3710 1.3697 1.3684 1.3671 1.3659 1.3646 1.3634 1.3621 1.3609 1.3597 1.3585 1.3573 1.3562 1.3550 1.3539 1.3528 1.3506 1.3484 1.3464 1.3444 1.3425 1.3406 1.3388 1.3371 1.3354 1.3338 1.3323 1.3308 1.3294 1.3280 1.3267 1.3254 1.3242 1.3230 1.3219 (continued)

160

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table CE.2 (continued) Temp. (R) 2260 2300 2340 2380 2420 2460 2500 2540 2580 2620 2660 2700 2740 2780 2820 2860 2900 2940 2980 3000 3100 3200 3300 3400 3500

h (Btu/lbm)

u (Btu/lbm)

s⬚ (Btu/lbm·R)

cp (Btu/lbm·R)

cv (Btu/lbm·R)

␥ (⫽ cp /cv)

632.40 643.72 655.06 666.44 677.83 689.26 700.71 712.18 723.67 735.19 746.73 758.29 769.87 781.47 793.09 804.73 816.39 828.06 839.76 845.61 874.94 904.36 933.87 963.47 993.16

477.27 485.85 494.45 503.07 511.73 520.40 529.11 537.83 546.58 555.36 564.15 572.97 581.80 590.66 599.53 608.43 617.34 626.27 635.22 639.70 662.16 684.72 707.38 730.11 752.93

1.2952 1.3001 1.3050 1.3099 1.3146 1.3193 1.3239 1.3285 1.3329 1.3374 1.3417 1.3461 1.3503 1.3545 1.3587 1.3628 1.3668 1.3708 1.3748 1.3767 1.3863 1.3957 1.4048 1.4136 1.4222

0.28258 0.28328 0.28397 0.28463 0.28527 0.28589 0.28650 0.28709 0.28766 0.28821 0.28875 0.28927 0.28978 0.29027 0.29075 0.29121 0.29167 0.29211 0.29254 0.29275 0.29375 0.29470 0.29558 0.29642 0.29720

0.21395 0.21465 0.21534 0.21600 0.21664 0.21727 0.21787 0.21846 0.21903 0.21958 0.22012 0.22064 0.22115 0.22164 0.22212 0.22259 0.22304 0.22348 0.22391 0.22412 0.22513 0.22607 0.22696 0.22779 0.22858

1.3208 1.3197 1.3187 1.3177 1.3168 1.3159 1.3150 1.3141 1.3133 1.3125 1.3118 1.3110 1.3103 1.3096 1.3090 1.3083 1.3077 1.3071 1.3065 1.3062 1.3048 1.3035 1.3024 1.3013 1.3002

Appendix CE

Thermodynamic and Thermo-Physical Properties of Air

161

Table CE.3 Thermo-Phsyical Properties of Air at 1 atm Temp. (R)

␳ (lbm/ft3)

cp (Btu/lbm·R)

␮ (lbm/ft·s)

v (ft2/s)

k (Btu/h·ft·⬚F)

␣ (ft2/s)

Pr

180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180

0.22506 0.20137 0.18236 0.16671 0.15359 0.14242 0.13278 0.12437 0.11698 0.11042 0.10456 0.099299 0.094543 0.090224 0.086283 0.082674 0.079355 0.076294 0.073460 0.070830 0.068382 0.066098 0.063962 0.061960 0.060080 0.058311 0.056643 0.055068 0.053578 0.052167 0.050828 0.049557 0.048347 0.047195 0.046097 0.045049 0.044048 0.043090 0.042173 0.041294 0.040451 0.039642 0.038864 0.038117 0.037398 0.036705 0.036038 0.035394 0.034773 0.034174 0.033594

0.24869 0.24581 0.24409 0.24299 0.24224 0.24172 0.24134 0.24106 0.24085 0.24069 0.24057 0.24048 0.24043 0.24039 0.24039 0.24040 0.24044 0.24050 0.24059 0.24069 0.24083 0.24098 0.24116 0.24137 0.24160 0.24186 0.24214 0.24244 0.24277 0.24313 0.24350 0.24390 0.24432 0.24476 0.24523 0.24571 0.24620 0.24672 0.24725 0.24779 0.24835 0.24892 0.24950 0.25009 0.25069 0.25130 0.25192 0.25254 0.25317 0.25380 0.25443

0.000004776 0.000005285 0.000005781 0.000006266 0.000006740 0.000007203 0.000007656 0.000008100 0.000008534 0.000008960 0.000009377 0.000009786 0.000010188 0.000010583 0.000010970 0.000011351 0.000011725 0.000012094 0.000012457 0.000012814 0.000013165 0.000013512 0.000013853 0.000014190 0.000014522 0.000014850 0.000015173 0.000015493 0.000015808 0.000016119 0.000016427 0.000016732 0.000017033 0.000017330 0.000017624 0.000017916 0.000018204 0.000018489 0.000018771 0.000019051 0.000019328 0.000019602 0.000019874 0.000020144 0.000020411 0.000020676 0.000020938 0.000021199 0.000021457 0.000021713 0.000021967

0.0000212 0.0000262 0.0000317 0.0000376 0.0000439 0.0000506 0.0000577 0.0000651 0.0000730 0.0000811 0.0000897 0.0000986 0.0001078 0.0001173 0.0001271 0.0001373 0.0001478 0.0001585 0.0001696 0.0001809 0.0001925 0.0002044 0.0002166 0.0002290 0.0002417 0.0002547 0.0002679 0.0002813 0.0002951 0.0003090 0.0003232 0.0003376 0.0003523 0.0003672 0.0003823 0.0003977 0.0004133 0.0004291 0.0004451 0.0004614 0.0004778 0.0004945 0.0005114 0.0005285 0.0005458 0.0005633 0.0005810 0.0005989 0.0006171 0.0006354 0.0006539

0.005476 0.006094 0.006703 0.007302 0.007891 0.008471 0.009041 0.009602 0.010154 0.010698 0.011233 0.011760 0.012280 0.012793 0.013298 0.013797 0.014289 0.014775 0.015255 0.015729 0.016198 0.016661 0.017120 0.017573 0.018022 0.018466 0.018906 0.019342 0.019773 0.020201 0.020625 0.021045 0.021462 0.021875 0.022285 0.022691 0.023095 0.023496 0.023893 0.024288 0.024680 0.025070 0.025457 0.025841 0.026223 0.026603 0.026980 0.027355 0.027728 0.028099 0.028468

0.0000272 0.0000342 0.0000418 0.0000501 0.0000589 0.0000684 0.0000784 0.0000890 0.0001001 0.0001118 0.0001241 0.0001368 0.0001501 0.0001638 0.0001781 0.0001928 0.0002080 0.0002237 0.0002398 0.0002563 0.0002732 0.0002906 0.0003083 0.0003264 0.0003449 0.0003637 0.0003829 0.0004024 0.0004223 0.0004424 0.0004629 0.0004837 0.0005047 0.0005260 0.0005476 0.0005695 0.0005916 0.0006139 0.0006365 0.0006594 0.0006824 0.0007057 0.0007292 0.0007530 0.0007770 0.0008011 0.0008255 0.0008501 0.0008749 0.0008999 0.0009252

0.78081 0.76741 0.75792 0.75068 0.74484 0.73995 0.73574 0.73203 0.72871 0.72570 0.72295 0.72041 0.71807 0.71591 0.71389 0.71203 0.71030 0.70870 0.70723 0.70588 0.70465 0.70353 0.70253 0.70163 0.70085 0.70016 0.69958 0.69910 0.69871 0.69841 0.69821 0.69808 0.69804 0.69808 0.69819 0.69837 0.69861 0.69892 0.69929 0.69970 0.70017 0.70069 0.70124 0.70184 0.70247 0.70313 0.70382 0.70453 0.70527 0.70603 0.70680 (continued)

162

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table CE.3 (continued) Temp. (R)

␳ (lbm/ft3)

cp (Btu/lbm·R)

␮ (lbm/ft·s)

v (ft2/s)

k (Btu/h·ft·⬚F)

␣ (ft2/s)

Pr

1200 1220 1240 1260 1280 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 1600 1620 1640 1660 1680 1700 1720 1740 1760 1780 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700 2800 2900 3000 3200 3400 3600

0.033034 0.032493 0.031969 0.031461 0.030970 0.030493 0.030031 0.029583 0.029148 0.028726 0.028316 0.027917 0.027529 0.027152 0.026785 0.026428 0.026080 0.025742 0.025412 0.025090 0.024777 0.024471 0.024172 0.023881 0.023597 0.023319 0.023048 0.022783 0.022525 0.022272 0.022024 0.020865 0.019822 0.018878 0.018021 0.017237 0.016519 0.015859 0.015249 0.014684 0.014160 0.013672 0.013216 0.012390 0.011661 0.011014

0.25507 0.25571 0.25635 0.25699 0.25762 0.25826 0.25890 0.25953 0.26016 0.26079 0.26142 0.26204 0.26265 0.26327 0.26387 0.26448 0.26507 0.26566 0.26625 0.26683 0.26740 0.26796 0.26852 0.26908 0.26962 0.27016 0.27070 0.27122 0.27174 0.27225 0.27276 0.27518 0.27744 0.27954 0.28148 0.28328 0.28495 0.28650 0.28794 0.28927 0.29051 0.29167 0.29275 0.29470 0.29642 0.29794

0.000022219 0.000022470 0.000022718 0.000022965 0.000023210 0.000023453 0.000023695 0.000023935 0.000024173 0.000024410 0.000024645 0.000024879 0.000025111 0.000025342 0.000025572 0.000025800 0.000026027 0.000026253 0.000026477 0.000026701 0.000026923 0.000027144 0.000027363 0.000027582 0.000027799 0.000028016 0.000028231 0.000028446 0.000028659 0.000028871 0.000029083 0.000030126 0.000031148 0.000032151 0.000033136 0.000034105 0.000035060 0.000036001 0.000036931 0.000037849 0.000038757 0.000039656 0.000040546 0.000042302 0.000044033 0.000045740

0.0006726 0.0006915 0.0007106 0.0007299 0.0007494 0.0007691 0.0007890 0.0008091 0.0008293 0.0008498 0.0008704 0.0008912 0.0009122 0.0009334 0.0009547 0.0009762 0.0009980 0.0010199 0.0010419 0.0010642 0.0010866 0.0011092 0.0011320 0.0011550 0.0011781 0.0012014 0.0012249 0.0012485 0.0012723 0.0012963 0.0013205 0.0014438 0.0015714 0.0017030 0.0018388 0.0019786 0.0021224 0.0022702 0.0024219 0.0025776 0.0027371 0.0029006 0.0030679 0.0034142 0.0037759 0.0041530

0.028835 0.029200 0.029563 0.029924 0.030283 0.030641 0.030997 0.031351 0.031704 0.032055 0.032405 0.032753 0.033100 0.033445 0.033789 0.034132 0.034473 0.034813 0.035152 0.035489 0.035826 0.036161 0.036495 0.036828 0.037160 0.037491 0.037820 0.038149 0.038477 0.038803 0.039129 0.040745 0.042339 0.043915 0.045474 0.047018 0.048547 0.050065 0.051570 0.053066 0.054552 0.056030 0.057500 0.060419 0.063316 0.066193

0.0009506 0.0009762 0.0010020 0.0010281 0.0010543 0.0010808 0.0011074 0.0011343 0.0011613 0.0011886 0.0012160 0.0012437 0.0012716 0.0012997 0.0013280 0.0013565 0.0013852 0.0014141 0.0014432 0.0014725 0.0015021 0.0015318 0.0015618 0.0015920 0.0016224 0.0016530 0.0016838 0.0017149 0.0017462 0.0017776 0.0018093 0.0019712 0.0021385 0.0023116 0.0024903 0.0026747 0.0028649 0.0030608 0.0032626 0.0034703 0.0036838 0.0039031 0.0041283 0.0045964 0.0050881 0.0056034

0.70758 0.70838 0.70919 0.71000 0.71082 0.71165 0.71247 0.71329 0.71411 0.71493 0.71574 0.71655 0.71735 0.71814 0.71893 0.71970 0.72047 0.72122 0.72196 0.72269 0.72341 0.72411 0.72480 0.72548 0.72614 0.72679 0.72742 0.72804 0.72865 0.72924 0.72982 0.73248 0.73478 0.73675 0.73839 0.73975 0.74083 0.74168 0.74231 0.74275 0.74303 0.74315 0.74314 0.74280 0.74211 0.74116

Appendix DE Thermodynamic Properties of H2O

page 163

page 164

Press., Psat, psia

0.088713 0.096068 0.10403 0.11258 0.12173 0.13155 0.14205 0.15329 0.16530 0.17814 0.19184 0.20647 0.22207 0.23869 0.25640 0.27525 0.29530 0.31663 0.33929 0.36336 0.38891 0.41601 0.44475 0.47521 0.50747 0.54162 0.57776 0.61597 0.65637 0.69904 0.74410 0.79167 0.84184 0.89475 0.95051 1.2767 1.6950 2.2259

Temp., ⬚F

32.018 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 100 110 120 130

0.016022 0.016021 0.016020 0.016020 0.016020 0.016020 0.016021 0.016021 0.016023 0.016024 0.016026 0.016028 0.016030 0.016032 0.016035 0.016038 0.016041 0.016044 0.016048 0.016052 0.016056 0.016060 0.016064 0.016069 0.016074 0.016079 0.016084 0.016089 0.016095 0.016100 0.016106 0.016112 0.016118 0.016125 0.016131 0.016166 0.016205 0.016247

Sat. Liquid, vf 3299.7 3059.2 2836.4 2631.6 2443.3 2270.1 2110.5 1963.5 1827.9 1702.8 1587.3 1480.5 1381.9 1290.5 1206.0 1127.7 1055.0 987.69 925.17 867.11 813.16 762.99 716.31 672.86 632.38 594.66 559.48 526.66 496.02 467.40 440.65 415.64 392.25 370.34 349.83 264.97 202.95 157.09

Sat. Vapor, vg

Specific Volume, ft3/lbm

0 1.9981 4.0127 6.0257 8.0373 10.0480 12.0570 14.0650 16.0710 18.0770 20.0830 22.0870 24.0900 26.0930 28.0960 30.0970 32.0990 34.0990 36.1000 38.1000 40.099 42.099 44.098 46.097 48.095 50.094 52.092 54.09 56.088 58.086 60.084 62.082 64.08 66.078 68.076 78.065 88.057 98.052

Sat. Liquid, uf 1021.7 1020.4 1019.0 1017.7 1016.3 1015.0 1013.6 1012.2 1010.9 1009.5 1008.2 1006.8 1005.5 1004.1 1002.8 1001.4 1000.1 998.80 997.40 996.10 994.70 993.40 992.00 990.70 989.31 988.01 986.61 985.31 983.91 982.51 981.22 979.82 978.52 977.12 975.82 969.04 962.24 955.35

Evap., ufg 1021.7 1022.4 1023.0 1023.7 1024.3 1025.0 1025.7 1026.3 1027.0 1027.6 1028.3 1028.9 1029.6 1030.2 1030.9 1031.5 1032.2 1032.9 1033.5 1034.2 1034.8 1035.5 1036.1 1036.8 1037.4 1038.1 1038.7 1039.4 1040.0 1040.6 1041.3 1041.9 1042.6 1043.2 1043.9 1047.1 1050.3 1053.4

Sat. Vapor, ug

Internal Energy, Btu/lbm

Table DE.1 Saturated Properties of Water and Steam: Temperature Increments

0.00026319 1.9984 4.0130 6.0261 8.0377 10.048 12.057 14.065 16.072 18.078 20.083 22.087 24.091 26.094 28.096 30.098 32.099 34.100 36.101 38.101 40.101 42.100 44.099 46.098 48.097 50.095 52.094 54.092 56.090 58.088 60.086 62.084 64.082 66.080 68.078 78.069 88.062 98.059

Sat. Liquid, hf 1075.9 1074.8 1073.7 1072.5 1071.4 1070.3 1069.1 1067.9 1066.8 1065.7 1064.6 1063.4 1062.3 1061.2 1060.1 1058.9 1057.8 1056.7 1055.5 1054.4 1053.3 1052.1 1051.0 1049.9 1048.7 1047.6 1046.5 1045.3 1044.2 1043.0 1041.9 1040.8 1039.6 1038.5 1037.3 1031.6 1025.9 1020.1

Evap., hfg 1075.9 1076.8 1077.7 1078.5 1079.4 1080.3 1081.2 1082.0 1082.9 1083.8 1084.7 1085.5 1086.4 1087.3 1088.2 1089.0 1089.9 1090.8 1091.6 1092.5 1093.4 1094.2 1095.1 1096.0 1096.8 1097.7 1098.6 1099.4 1100.3 1101.1 1102.0 1102.9 1103.7 1104.6 1105.4 1109.7 1114.0 1118.2

Sat. Vapor, hg

Enthalpy, Btu/lbm

0 0.0040557 0.0081282 0.012181 0.016215 0.020230 0.024227 0.028206 0.032167 0.036110 0.040037 0.043946 0.047839 0.051716 0.055576 0.059421 0.063250 0.067063 0.070861 0.074644 0.078412 0.082166 0.085905 0.089629 0.093340 0.097036 0.10072 0.10439 0.10804 0.11168 0.11531 0.11893 0.12253 0.12612 0.12969 0.14738 0.16477 0.18187

Sat. Liquid, sf 2.1882 2.1771 2.1661 2.1551 2.1442 2.1334 2.1227 2.1120 2.1014 2.0910 2.0806 2.0703 2.0601 2.0499 2.0398 2.0299 2.0200 2.0101 2.0003 1.9907 1.9811 1.9715 1.9620 1.9527 1.9433 1.9341 1.9248 1.9157 1.9067 1.8976 1.8887 1.8798 1.8710 1.8622 1.8535 1.8109 1.7698 1.7299

Evap., sfg

2.1882 2.1812 2.1742 2.1673 2.1604 2.1536 2.1469 2.1402 2.1336 2.1271 2.1206 2.1142 2.1079 2.1016 2.0954 2.0893 2.0832 2.0772 2.0712 2.0653 2.0595 2.0537 2.0479 2.0423 2.0366 2.0311 2.0255 2.0201 2.0147 2.0093 2.0040 1.9987 1.9935 1.9883 1.9832 1.9583 1.9346 1.9118

Sat. Vapor, sg

Entropy, Btu/lbm ⴢ R

page 165

140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 490 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700

2.8930 3.7232 4.7472 5.9998 7.5195 9.3496 11.538 14.136 17.201 20.795 24.986 29.844 35.447 41.878 49.222 57.574 67.029 77.691 89.667 103.07 118.02 134.63 153.03 173.36 195.74 220.33 247.26 276.68 308.76 343.64 381.48 422.46 466.75 514.52 565.95 621.23 680.55 812.10 962.24 1132.7 1325.5 1542.5 1786.2 2059.2 2364.9 2707.3 3093.0

0.016293 0.016342 0.016394 0.016449 0.016508 0.016569 0.016633 0.016701 0.016771 0.016845 0.016921 0.017001 0.017084 0.017170 0.017259 0.017352 0.017448 0.017548 0.017652 0.017760 0.017872 0.017987 0.018108 0.018233 0.018363 0.018498 0.018639 0.018785 0.018938 0.019097 0.019263 0.019437 0.019619 0.019810 0.020010 0.020220 0.020441 0.020923 0.021464 0.022080 0.022791 0.023631 0.024647 0.025930 0.027661 0.030361 0.036652

122.82 96.930 77.184 61.980 50.169 40.916 33.609 27.794 23.133 19.371 16.314 13.815 11.759 10.058 8.6431 7.4600 6.4658 5.6263 4.9142 4.3075 3.7884 3.3425 2.9580 2.6252 2.3361 2.0841 1.8638 1.6706 1.5006 1.3505 1.2177 1.0999 0.99506 0.90154 0.81791 0.74293 0.67555 0.56007 0.46553 0.38742 0.32227 0.26739 0.22062 0.18017 0.14439 0.11132 0.074795

108.05 118.06 128.07 138.09 148.12 158.16 168.21 178.27 188.35 198.44 208.55 218.68 228.83 239.01 249.21 259.44 269.69 279.98 290.30 300.66 311.06 321.50 331.99 342.52 353.11 363.75 374.45 385.21 396.04 406.94 417.91 428.97 440.11 451.35 462.69 474.13 485.69 509.21 533.32 558.14 583.85 610.67 638.96 669.30 702.84 742.67 802.01

948.55 941.64 934.63 927.71 920.68 913.64 906.49 899.23 892.05 884.66 877.25 869.82 862.17 854.49 846.69 838.86 830.81 822.62 814.40 805.94 797.44 788.70 779.81 770.78 761.49 752.05 742.45 732.59 722.56 712.26 701.69 690.93 679.79 668.45 656.71 644.67 632.31 606.29 578.58 548.66 516.05 480.33 440.34 394.60 339.96 269.13 146.81

1056.6 1059.7 1062.7 1065.8 1068.8 1071.8 1074.7 1077.5 1080.4 1083.1 1085.8 1088.5 1091.0 1093.5 1095.9 1098.3 1100.5 1102.6 1104.7 1106.6 1108.5 1110.2 1111.8 1113.3 1114.6 1115.8 1116.9 1117.8 1118.6 1119.2 1119.6 1119.9 1119.9 1119.8 1119.4 1118.8 1118.0 1115.5 1111.9 1106.8 1099.9 1091.0 1079.3 1063.9 1042.8 1011.8 948.82

108.06 118.07 128.08 138.11 148.14 158.18 168.24 178.31 188.40 198.51 208.63 218.78 228.95 239.14 249.37 259.62 269.91 280.23 290.60 301.00 311.45 321.95 332.50 343.11 353.77 364.50 375.30 386.17 397.12 408.15 419.27 430.49 441.81 453.24 464.78 476.46 488.27 512.35 537.14 562.77 589.44 617.42 647.11 679.19 714.96 757.89 823.00

1014.2 1008.4 1002.5 996.49 990.46 984.42 978.26 971.99 965.70 959.19 952.67 946.02 939.25 932.36 925.33 918.18 910.79 903.37 895.70 887.80 879.85 871.55 863.10 854.39 845.53 836.40 826.90 817.23 807.28 796.95 786.33 775.41 764.09 752.46 740.32 727.84 714.83 687.45 657.66 625.23 589.56 549.98 505.19 453.41 391.14 309.71 168.66

1122.3 1126.5 1130.6 1134.6 1138.6 1142.6 1146.5 1150.3 1154.1 1157.7 1161.3 1164.8 1168.2 1171.5 1174.7 1177.8 1180.7 1183.6 1186.3 1188.8 1191.3 1193.5 1195.6 1197.5 1199.3 1200.9 1202.2 1203.4 1204.4 1205.1 1205.6 1205.9 1205.9 1205.7 1205.1 1204.3 1203.1 1199.8 1194.8 1188.0 1179.0 1167.4 1152.3 1132.6 1106.1 1067.6 991.66

0.19868 0.21523 0.23152 0.24756 0.26336 0.27893 0.29429 0.30943 0.32436 0.33911 0.35366 0.36804 0.38225 0.39629 0.41017 0.42391 0.43750 0.45096 0.46428 0.47749 0.49058 0.50355 0.51643 0.52921 0.54190 0.55450 0.56703 0.57948 0.59187 0.60420 0.61648 0.62872 0.64092 0.65309 0.66524 0.67738 0.68952 0.71384 0.73829 0.76299 0.78812 0.81388 0.84062 0.86888 0.89974 0.93611 0.99065

1.6914 1.6541 1.6178 1.5826 1.5484 1.5153 1.4829 1.4515 1.4207 1.3908 1.3616 1.3331 1.3052 1.2778 1.2510 1.2248 1.1990 1.1736 1.1488 1.1243 1.1002 1.0765 1.0530 1.0299 1.0070 0.98430 0.96187 0.93972 0.91773 0.89580 0.87402 0.85238 0.83088 0.80931 0.78786 0.76642 0.74488 0.70166 0.65791 0.61321 0.56708 0.51902 0.46788 0.41232 0.34936 0.27169 0.14545

1.8901 1.8693 1.8493 1.8302 1.8118 1.7942 1.7772 1.7609 1.7451 1.7299 1.7153 1.7011 1.6874 1.6741 1.6612 1.6487 1.6365 1.6246 1.6131 1.6018 1.5908 1.5800 1.5694 1.5591 1.5489 1.5388 1.5289 1.5192 1.5096 1.5000 1.4905 1.4811 1.4718 1.4624 1.4531 1.4438 1.4344 1.4155 1.3962 1.3762 1.3552 1.3329 1.3085 1.2812 1.2491 1.2078 1.1361

page 166

Temp., ⬚F

101.69 126.03 141.42 152.91 162.18 170.00 176.79 182.81 188.22 193.16 197.70 201.91 205.83 209.52 211.95 212.99 216.27 219.39 222.36 225.20 227.92 240.03 250.30 259.25 267.22 274.41 280.99 287.05 292.68 297.95 302.91 307.58 312.02 316.24 320.26 324.11 327.81

Press., Psat, psia

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 14.696 15 16 17 18 19 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100

0.016137 0.016230 0.016300 0.016357 0.016406 0.016449 0.016489 0.016525 0.016558 0.016589 0.016618 0.016646 0.016672 0.016697 0.016714 0.016722 0.016745 0.016767 0.016788 0.016809 0.016829 0.016922 0.017003 0.017078 0.017146 0.017209 0.017268 0.017324 0.017378 0.017428 0.017477 0.017524 0.017569 0.017613 0.017655 0.017696 0.017736

Sat. Liquid, vf 333.50 173.71 118.70 90.626 73.521 61.977 53.647 47.343 42.402 38.421 35.143 32.396 30.059 28.046 26.802 26.294 24.753 23.389 22.171 21.078 20.091 16.305 13.747 11.899 10.500 9.4019 8.5168 7.7876 7.1761 6.6556 6.2071 5.8165 5.4730 5.1687 4.8970 4.6530 4.4326

Sat. Vapor, vg

Specific Volume, ft3/lbm

69.77 94.08 109.47 120.97 130.26 138.09 144.90 150.93 156.37 161.33 165.89 170.13 174.08 177.78 180.24 181.28 184.59 187.73 190.73 193.59 196.34 208.58 218.98 228.07 236.17 243.51 250.22 256.42 262.19 267.59 272.68 277.49 282.06 286.41 290.57 294.56 298.38

Sat. Liquid, uf 974.63 958.12 947.53 939.63 933.14 927.71 922.90 918.67 914.83 911.37 908.11 905.07 902.32 899.62 897.86 897.12 894.71 892.47 890.27 888.21 886.26 877.22 869.52 862.73 856.63 851.09 845.98 841.18 836.71 832.41 828.42 824.61 821.04 817.49 814.13 810.94 807.82

Evap., ufg 1044.4 1052.2 1057.0 1060.6 1063.4 1065.8 1067.8 1069.6 1071.2 1072.7 1074.0 1075.2 1076.4 1077.4 1078.1 1078.4 1079.3 1080.2 1081.0 1081.8 1082.6 1085.8 1088.5 1090.8 1092.8 1094.6 1096.2 1097.6 1098.9 1100.0 1101.1 1102.1 1103.1 1103.9 1104.7 1105.5 1106.2

Sat. Vapor, ug

Internal Energy, Btu/lbm

Table DE.2 Saturated Properties of Water and Steam: Pressure Increments

69.769 94.085 109.48 120.98 130.27 138.11 144.92 150.96 156.40 161.36 165.93 170.16 174.12 177.83 180.28 181.33 184.64 187.79 190.79 193.65 196.40 208.66 219.08 228.18 236.30 243.65 250.38 256.59 262.38 267.80 272.91 277.74 282.32 286.69 290.87 294.87 298.71

Sat. Liquid, hf 1036.4 1022.4 1013.4 1006.7 1001.2 996.49 992.48 988.84 985.50 982.44 979.67 977.04 974.58 972.27 970.72 970.07 968.06 966.01 964.11 962.35 960.60 952.64 945.82 939.82 934.30 929.25 924.62 920.31 916.22 912.40 908.69 905.16 901.78 898.61 895.43 892.43 889.59

Evap., hfg 1106.2 1116.5 1122.9 1127.7 1131.5 1134.6 1137.4 1139.8 1141.9 1143.8 1145.6 1147.2 1148.7 1150.1 1151.0 1151.4 1152.7 1153.8 1154.9 1156.0 1157.0 1161.3 1164.9 1168.0 1170.6 1172.9 1175.0 1176.9 1178.6 1180.2 1181.6 1182.9 1184.1 1185.3 1186.3 1187.3 1188.3

Sat. Vapor, hg

Enthalpy, Btu/lbm

0.13271 0.17511 0.20104 0.22000 0.23504 0.24756 0.25832 0.26776 0.27619 0.28381 0.29078 0.29719 0.30315 0.30870 0.31236 0.31391 0.31882 0.32346 0.32787 0.33206 0.33605 0.35371 0.36847 0.38119 0.39240 0.40243 0.41153 0.41987 0.42757 0.43473 0.44143 0.44772 0.45366 0.45928 0.46463 0.46973 0.47460

Sat. Liquid, sf 1.8462 1.7456 1.6861 1.6434 1.6101 1.5826 1.5593 1.5390 1.5211 1.5049 1.4903 1.4768 1.4645 1.4529 1.4454 1.4422 1.4321 1.4226 1.4136 1.4051 1.3971 1.3615 1.3322 1.3072 1.2853 1.2660 1.2484 1.2324 1.2178 1.2043 1.1916 1.1798 1.1686 1.1581 1.1482 1.1387 1.1297

Evap., sfg

1.9789 1.9207 1.8871 1.8634 1.8451 1.8302 1.8176 1.8068 1.7973 1.7887 1.7811 1.7740 1.7676 1.7616 1.7578 1.7561 1.7509 1.7461 1.7415 1.7372 1.7331 1.7152 1.7007 1.6884 1.6777 1.6684 1.6599 1.6523 1.6454 1.6390 1.6330 1.6275 1.6223 1.6174 1.6128 1.6084 1.6043

Sat. Vapor, sg

Entropy, Btu/lbm ⴢ R

page 167

110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200

334.77 341.25 347.32 353.03 358.42 363.54 368.41 373.07 377.52 381.80 400.97 417.35 431.74 444.62 456.31 467.04 476.98 486.24 494.94 503.13 510.89 518.27 525.30 532.02 538.46 544.65 556.35 567.26 577.49 587.14 596.26 604.93 613.18 621.07 628.61 635.85 649.49 662.16 673.98 685.04 695.41 705.10

0.017813 0.017886 0.017956 0.018023 0.018089 0.018152 0.018213 0.018272 0.018330 0.018387 0.018653 0.018897 0.019125 0.019342 0.019551 0.019752 0.019948 0.020140 0.020328 0.020513 0.020697 0.020879 0.021060 0.021240 0.021420 0.021600 0.021961 0.022326 0.022696 0.023074 0.023462 0.023862 0.024277 0.024708 0.025160 0.025635 0.026677 0.027890 0.029380 0.031363 0.034339 0.048459

4.0498 3.7288 3.4556 3.2201 3.0150 2.8347 2.6748 2.5321 2.4040 2.2882 1.8440 1.5435 1.3263 1.1616 1.0324 0.92815 0.84223 0.77015 0.70878 0.65586 0.60974 0.56917 0.53319 0.50106 0.47217 0.44605 0.40062 0.36243 0.32983 0.30163 0.27697 0.25518 0.23577 0.21832 0.20252 0.18813 0.16271 0.14073 0.12116 0.10300 0.084657 0.051118

305.62 312.36 318.70 324.67 330.33 335.71 340.85 345.76 350.48 355.02 375.49 393.16 408.84 423.00 435.99 448.01 459.25 469.82 479.82 489.34 498.43 507.15 515.53 523.62 531.44 539.02 553.55 567.36 580.57 593.28 605.56 617.49 629.13 640.52 651.73 662.79 684.71 706.75 729.65 754.58 783.94 861.93

801.88 796.34 791.00 786.03 781.17 776.59 772.15 767.94 763.82 759.78 741.51 725.24 710.46 696.80 683.91 671.79 660.35 649.28 638.58 628.36 618.37 608.65 599.17 589.88 580.76 571.78 554.25 537.14 520.33 503.72 487.34 470.91 454.57 438.08 421.47 404.71 370.09 333.35 293.05 246.42 186.64 10.78

1107.5 1108.7 1109.7 1110.7 1111.5 1112.3 1113.0 1113.7 1114.3 1114.8 1117.0 1118.4 1119.3 1119.8 1119.9 1119.8 1119.6 1119.1 1118.4 1117.7 1116.8 1115.8 1114.7 1113.5 1112.2 1110.8 1107.8 1104.5 1100.9 1097.0 1092.9 1088.4 1083.7 1078.6 1073.2 1067.5 1054.8 1040.1 1022.7 1001.0 970.58 872.71

305.98 312.76 319.13 325.14 330.83 336.25 341.42 346.37 351.13 355.70 376.35 394.21 410.08 424.44 437.62 449.84 461.28 472.06 482.27 492.00 501.31 510.24 518.85 527.16 535.21 543.02 558.02 572.32 586.03 599.26 612.08 624.56 636.77 648.76 660.58 672.28 695.57 719.15 743.79 770.85 803.02 890.64

884.02 878.74 873.77 869.06 864.47 860.05 855.78 851.73 847.77 843.90 826.05 809.89 795.12 781.36 768.38 755.96 744.02 732.54 721.53 710.70 700.19 689.86 679.75 669.84 659.99 650.38 631.38 612.68 594.27 575.94 557.72 539.44 521.13 502.64 483.92 464.92 425.53 383.45 337.21 283.55 214.58 12.360

1190.0 1191.5 1192.9 1194.2 1195.3 1196.3 1197.2 1198.1 1198.9 1199.6 1202.4 1204.1 1205.2 1205.8 1206.0 1205.8 1205.3 1204.6 1203.8 1202.7 1201.5 1200.1 1198.6 1197.0 1195.2 1193.4 1189.4 1185.0 1180.3 1175.2 1169.8 1164.0 1157.9 1151.4 1144.5 1137.2 1121.1 1102.6 1081.0 1054.4 1017.6 903.00

0.48375 0.49221 0.50008 0.50746 0.51440 0.52097 0.52719 0.53311 0.53876 0.54417 0.56824 0.58859 0.60634 0.62213 0.63642 0.64949 0.66157 0.67282 0.68337 0.69332 0.70275 0.71173 0.72030 0.72851 0.73640 0.74400 0.75846 0.77205 0.78493 0.79722 0.80900 0.82036 0.83137 0.84208 0.85255 0.86284 0.88309 0.90332 0.92423 0.94699 0.97391 1.0481

1.1128 1.0972 1.0828 1.0693 1.0567 1.0447 1.0335 1.0228 1.0126 1.0028 0.95976 0.92351 0.89206 0.86407 0.83878 0.81571 0.79433 0.77448 0.75583 0.73818 0.72145 0.70537 0.69010 0.67539 0.66130 0.64760 0.62144 0.59665 0.57297 0.55018 0.52820 0.50674 0.48573 0.46512 0.44465 0.42436 0.38361 0.34188 0.29747 0.24771 0.18579 0.010600

1.5965 1.5894 1.5829 1.5768 1.5711 1.5657 1.5607 1.5559 1.5514 1.5470 1.5280 1.5121 1.4984 1.4862 1.4752 1.4652 1.4559 1.4473 1.4392 1.4315 1.4242 1.4171 1.4104 1.4039 1.3977 1.3916 1.3799 1.3687 1.3579 1.3474 1.3372 1.3271 1.3171 1.3072 1.2972 1.2872 1.2667 1.2452 1.2217 1.1947 1.1597 1.0587

168

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table DE.3 Superheated Vapor (Steam) Table DE.3A

P ⫽ 1 psia (Tsat ⫽ 101.69⬚F)

T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbm ⴢR

Sat. 200 240 280 320 360 400 440 480 520 560 600 640 680 720 760 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400

0.0029985 0.0025476 0.0024013 0.0022710 0.0021542 0.0020489 0.0019534 0.0018665 0.0017869 0.0017139 0.0016466 0.0015844 0.0015268 0.0014732 0.0014232 0.0013765 0.0013328 0.0012347 0.0011501 0.0010764 0.0010115 0.00095402 0.00090272

333.50 392.52 416.44 440.33 464.20 488.07 511.92 535.77 559.62 583.46 607.30 631.14 654.97 678.81 702.64 726.48 750.31 809.89 869.47 929.04 988.62 1048.2 1107.8

1044.4 1078.2 1092.0 1105.8 1119.7 1133.7 1147.8 1162.1 1176.4 1190.9 1205.5 1220.2 1235.1 1250.1 1265.2 1280.5 1295.9 1335.1 1375.2 1416.1 1458.1 1500.9 1544.8

1106.2 1150.9 1169.1 1187.3 1205.6 1224.1 1242.6 1261.3 1280.0 1298.9 1317.9 1337.1 1356.4 1375.8 1395.3 1415.0 1434.9 1485.1 1536.2 1588.2 1641.1 1695.0 1749.9

1.9789 2.0523 2.0791 2.1045 2.1286 2.1517 2.1737 2.1949 2.2153 2.2350 2.2541 2.2725 2.2903 2.3077 2.3246 2.3410 2.3570 2.3953 2.4316 2.4660 2.4989 2.5305 2.5608

Table DE.3B

P ⫽ 5 psia (Tsat ⫽ 162.18⬚F)

T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbm ⴢR

Sat. 200 240 280 320 360 400 440 480 520 560 600 640 680 720 760 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400

0.013602 0.012795 0.012047 0.011385 0.010793 0.010262 0.0097804 0.0093429 0.0089432 0.0085765 0.0082389 0.0079269 0.0076378 0.0073692 0.0071188 0.0068849 0.0066659 0.0061751 0.0057516 0.0053826 0.0050581 0.0047705 0.0045139

73.521 78.153 83.009 87.838 92.650 97.452 102.25 107.03 111.82 116.60 121.38 126.15 130.93 135.70 140.47 145.25 150.02 161.94 173.86 185.78 197.70 209.62 221.54

1063.4 1076.9 1091.0 1105.0 1119.1 1133.2 1147.4 1161.7 1176.1 1190.6 1205.3 1220.0 1234.9 1249.9 1265.1 1280.4 1295.8 1335.0 1375.1 1416.1 1458.0 1500.9 1544.7

1131.5 1149.3 1167.9 1186.4 1204.9 1223.5 1242.1 1260.8 1279.6 1298.6 1317.6 1336.8 1356.1 1375.6 1395.2 1414.9 1434.7 1484.9 1536.1 1588.1 1641.1 1695.0 1749.8

1.8451 1.8729 1.9002 1.9259 1.9503 1.9735 1.9957 2.0170 2.0375 2.0572 2.0763 2.0948 2.1127 2.1300 2.1469 2.1633 2.1793 2.2177 2.2540 2.2885 2.3214 2.3529 2.3832

Appendix DE

Table DE.3C

Thermodynamic Properties of H 2 O

P ⫽ 10 psia (Tsat ⫽ 193.16⬚F)

T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbm ⴢR

Sat. 200 240 280 320 360 400 440 480 520 560 600 640 680 720 760 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400

0.026027 0.025741 0.024198 0.022844 0.021643 0.020566 0.019594 0.018712 0.017908 0.017170 0.016492 0.015866 0.015286 0.014747 0.014245 0.013776 0.013337 0.012354 0.011506 0.010767 0.010117 0.0095419 0.0090284

38.421 38.849 41.326 43.774 46.205 48.624 51.035 53.440 55.842 58.240 60.635 63.029 65.421 67.812 70.202 72.591 74.979 80.948 86.913 92.877 98.839 104.80 110.76

1072.7 1075.2 1089.8 1104.1 1118.4 1132.6 1146.9 1161.3 1175.8 1190.3 1205.0 1219.8 1234.7 1249.7 1264.9 1280.2 1295.7 1334.9 1375.0 1416.0 1457.9 1500.8 1544.6

1143.8 1147.2 1166.3 1185.2 1203.9 1222.7 1241.4 1260.2 1279.2 1298.2 1317.3 1336.5 1355.8 1375.3 1394.9 1414.6 1434.5 1484.8 1535.9 1588.0 1641.0 1694.9 1749.7

1.7887 1.7938 1.8220 1.8482 1.8729 1.8964 1.9187 1.9401 1.9607 1.9805 1.9996 2.0181 2.0360 2.0534 2.0703 2.0867 2.1028 2.1412 2.1774 2.2119 2.2449 2.2764 2.3067

Table DE.3D

P ⫽ 14.696 psia (Tsat ⫽ 211.95⬚F)

T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbmⴢR

Sat. 240 280 320 360 400 440 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

0.037311 0.035710 0.033679 0.031885 0.030284 0.028843 0.027537 0.025791 0.023333 0.021307 0.019607 0.018160 0.016912 0.015826 0.014870 0.014024 0.013269 0.012591 0.011980

26.802 28.004 29.692 31.363 33.021 34.671 36.315 38.774 42.858 46.933 51.002 55.067 59.129 63.189 67.248 71.306 75.363 79.420 83.476

1078.1 1088.6 1103.2 1117.7 1132.1 1146.5 1160.9 1182.7 1219.5 1257.1 1295.5 1334.8 1374.9 1415.9 1457.9 1500.8 1544.6 1589.4 1635.0

1151.0 1164.8 1184.0 1203.0 1221.9 1240.8 1259.7 1288.2 1336.2 1384.8 1434.3 1484.6 1535.8 1587.9 1640.9 1694.8 1749.7 1805.5 1862.2

1.7578 1.7778 1.8045 1.8295 1.8532 1.8757 1.8972 1.9279 1.9754 2.0193 2.0602 2.0986 2.1349 2.1694 2.2024 2.2339 2.2642 2.2935 2.3217

169

170

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table DE.3E

P ⫽ 20 psia (Tsat ⫽ 227.92⬚F)

T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbm ⴢR

Sat. 240 280 320 360 400 440 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

0.049774 0.048834 0.046001 0.043516 0.041307 0.039325 0.037532 0.03514 0.031779 0.029013 0.026695 0.024721 0.023021 0.021541 0.02024 0.019088 0.01806 0.017137 0.016304

20.091 20.478 21.739 22.980 24.209 25.429 26.644 28.458 31.467 34.467 37.461 40.451 43.438 46.423 49.407 52.390 55.372 58.354 61.335

1082.6 1087.2 1102.2 1116.9 1131.4 1145.9 1160.4 1182.3 1219.3 1256.9 1295.4 1334.6 1374.8 1415.8 1457.8 1500.7 1544.5 1589.3 1635.0

1157.0 1163.0 1182.7 1202.0 1221.1 1240.1 1259.1 1287.7 1335.8 1384.6 1434.1 1484.4 1535.6 1587.7 1640.8 1694.7 1749.6 1805.4 1862.1

1.7331 1.7418 1.7691 1.7945 1.8184 1.8411 1.8627 1.8935 1.9412 1.9851 2.0261 2.0645 2.1008 2.1354 2.1683 2.1999 2.2302 2.2594 2.2877

Table DE.3F

P ⫽ 40 psia (Tsat ⫽ 267.22⬚F)

T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbm ⴢ R

Sat. 280 320 360 400 440 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

0.095239 0.093347 0.088005 0.083343 0.079211 0.075505 0.070596 0.06375 0.05815 0.053472 0.0495 0.046083 0.04311 0.0405 0.03819 0.03613 0.034282 0.032614

10.500 10.713 11.363 11.999 12.625 13.244 14.165 15.686 17.197 18.702 20.202 21.700 23.196 24.691 26.185 27.678 29.170 30.662

1092.8 1098.0 1113.7 1128.9 1143.8 1158.7 1181.0 1218.3 1256.2 1294.7 1334.1 1374.3 1415.5 1457.5 1500.4 1544.3 1589.1 1634.8

1170.6 1177.4 1197.8 1217.7 1237.3 1256.8 1285.9 1334.5 1383.5 1433.3 1483.8 1535.1 1587.3 1640.4 1694.4 1749.3 1805.2 1861.9

1.6777 1.6870 1.7139 1.7388 1.7622 1.7843 1.8156 1.8637 1.9080 1.9491 1.9877 2.0241 2.0587 2.0917 2.1233 2.1536 2.1829 2.2111

Appendix DE

Thermodynamic Properties of H 2 O

Table DE.3G P ⫽ 60 psia (Tsat ⫽ 292.68⬚F) T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbm ⴢ R

Sat. 320 360 400 440 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

0.13935 0.13358 0.12617 0.11969 0.11394 0.10638 0.095918 0.087412 0.080332 0.074335 0.069184 0.064708 0.060781 0.057307 0.054211 0.051434 0.048929 0.046657 0.044588

7.1761 7.4863 7.9259 8.3548 8.7766 9.4004 10.426 11.440 12.448 13.453 14.454 15.454 16.452 17.450 18.446 19.442 20.438 21.433 22.428

1098.9 1110.3 1126.2 1141.7 1156.9 1179.6 1217.3 1255.4 1294.1 1333.6 1373.9 1415.1 1457.2 1500.1 1544.1 1588.9 1634.6 1681.3 1728.8

1178.6 1193.5 1214.3 1234.5 1254.4 1284.0 1333.1 1382.5 1432.4 1483.1 1534.5 1586.8 1640.0 1694.0 1749.0 1804.9 1861.7 1919.4 1978.0

1.6454 1.6648 1.6908 1.7149 1.7376 1.7694 1.8181 1.8626 1.9039 1.9426 1.9791 2.0137 2.0468 2.0784 2.1088 2.1380 2.1663 2.1937 2.2202

Table DE.3H P ⫽ 80 psia (Tsat ⫽ 312.02⬚F) T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbm ⴢ R

Sat. 320 360 400 440 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

0.18271 0.18037 0.16985 0.16081 0.15286 0.14250 0.12829 0.11680 0.10728 0.099227 0.092325 0.086334 0.081083 0.076440 0.072304 0.068595 0.065250 0.062218 0.059456

5.4730 5.5440 5.8875 6.2186 6.5420 7.0176 7.7951 8.5616 9.3217 10.078 10.831 11.583 12.333 13.082 13.831 14.578 15.326 16.073 16.819

1103.1 1106.6 1123.4 1139.5 1155.1 1178.1 1216.2 1254.6 1293.5 1333.1 1373.5 1414.7 1456.9 1499.9 1543.8 1588.7 1634.4 1681.1 1728.6

1184.1 1188.7 1210.7 1231.6 1252.0 1282.1 1331.7 1381.4 1431.6 1482.4 1534.0 1586.3 1639.6 1693.7 1748.7 1804.6 1861.5 1919.2 1977.8

1.6223 1.6282 1.6556 1.6806 1.7038 1.7362 1.7854 1.8302 1.8717 1.9105 1.9471 1.9818 2.0148 2.0465 2.0769 2.1062 2.1345 2.1619 2.1884

171

172

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table DE.3I

P ⫽ 100 psia (Tsat ⫽ 327.81⬚F)

T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbmⴢR

Sat. 360 400 440 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

0.22560 0.21447 0.20260 0.19228 0.17897 0.16086 0.14632 0.13431 0.12418 0.11551 0.10799 0.10141 0.095587 0.090407 0.085763 0.081577 0.077783 0.074327

4.4326 4.6627 4.9359 5.2006 5.5876 6.2166 6.8344 7.4457 8.0530 8.6575 9.2602 9.8614 10.462 11.061 11.660 12.258 12.856 13.454

1106.2 1120.5 1137.2 1153.2 1176.7 1215.2 1253.8 1292.9 1332.6 1373.1 1414.4 1456.5 1499.6 1543.6 1588.5 1634.2 1680.9 1728.5

1188.3 1206.9 1228.6 1249.5 1280.1 1330.3 1380.4 1430.8 1481.7 1533.4 1585.9 1639.2 1693.3 1748.4 1804.4 1861.2 1919.0 1977.6

1.6043 1.6274 1.6532 1.6770 1.7100 1.7598 1.8049 1.8466 1.8855 1.9222 1.9569 1.9900 2.0217 2.0522 2.0815 2.1098 2.1372 2.1637

Table DE.3J

P ⫽ 120 psia (Tsat ⫽ 341.25⬚F)

T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbmⴢR

Sat. 350 400 450 500 550 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

0.26818 0.26431 0.24511 0.22929 0.21580 0.20404 0.19364 0.17597 0.16142 0.14919 0.13873 0.12967 0.12175 0.11475 0.10852 0.10294 0.09791 0.093351 0.089201

3.7288 3.7834 4.0799 4.3612 4.6340 4.9010 5.1642 5.6829 6.1950 6.7030 7.2083 7.7117 8.2137 8.7146 9.2148 9.7144 10.213 10.712 11.211

1108.7 1112.8 1134.8 1155.3 1175.2 1194.7 1214.2 1253.0 1292.3 1332.1 1372.7 1414.0 1456.2 1499.3 1543.3 1588.2 1634.0 1680.7 1728.3

1191.5 1196.9 1225.4 1252.2 1278.2 1303.6 1328.9 1379.3 1429.9 1481.1 1532.8 1585.4 1638.8 1693.0 1748.1 1804.1 1861.0 1918.8 1977.4

1.5894 1.5961 1.6303 1.6606 1.6883 1.7142 1.7387 1.7841 1.8260 1.8650 1.9018 1.9366 1.9697 2.0015 2.0319 2.0613 2.0896 2.1170 2.1435

Appendix DE

Thermodynamic Properties of H 2 O

Table DE.3K P ⫽ 140 psia (Tsat ⫽ 353.03⬚F) T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbm ⴢR

Sat. 360 400 450 500 550 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

0.31055 0.30690 0.28839 0.26920 0.25300 0.23898 0.22663 0.20575 0.18862 0.17425 0.16199 0.15139 0.14211 0.13393 0.12665 0.12012 0.11425 0.10892 0.10408

3.2201 3.2584 3.4676 3.7147 3.9525 4.1845 4.4124 4.8603 5.3016 5.7388 6.1732 6.6056 7.0367 7.4668 7.8960 8.3247 8.7529 9.1807 9.6082

1110.7 1114.1 1132.3 1153.4 1173.7 1193.5 1213.1 1252.2 1291.6 1331.6 1372.2 1413.7 1455.9 1499.1 1543.1 1588.0 1633.9 1680.6 1728.2

1194.2 1198.6 1222.2 1249.7 1276.1 1302.0 1327.5 1378.2 1429.1 1480.4 1532.3 1584.9 1638.4 1692.6 1747.8 1803.8 1860.8 1918.6 1977.2

1.5768 1.5822 1.6103 1.6415 1.6697 1.6960 1.7207 1.7664 1.8085 1.8476 1.8845 1.9194 1.9526 1.9843 2.0148 2.0442 2.0725 2.0999 2.1264

Table DE.3L

P ⫽ 160 psia (Tsat ⫽ 363.54⬚F)

T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbm ⴢR

Sat. 400 450 500 550 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

0.35278 0.33250 0.30966 0.29060 0.27421 0.25985 0.23566 0.21591 0.19938 0.18530 0.17313 0.16250 0.15312 0.14478 0.13732 0.13059 0.12450 0.11896

2.8347 3.0076 3.2293 3.4412 3.6469 3.8484 4.2434 4.6316 5.0156 5.3968 5.7761 6.1540 6.5309 6.9069 7.2824 7.6574 8.0320 8.4063

1112.3 1129.7 1151.5 1172.1 1192.2 1212.1 1251.5 1291.0 1331.1 1371.8 1413.3 1455.6 1498.8 1542.9 1587.8 1633.7 1680.4 1728.0

1196.3 1218.8 1247.2 1274.1 1300.3 1326.1 1377.2 1428.2 1479.7 1531.7 1584.4 1638.0 1692.3 1747.5 1803.6 1860.5 1918.4 1977.1

1.5657 1.5925 1.6245 1.6534 1.6800 1.7049 1.7510 1.7932 1.8325 1.8695 1.9044 1.9376 1.9694 1.9999 2.0293 2.0577 2.0851 2.1116

173

174

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table DE.3M

P ⫽ 180 psia (Tsat ⫽ 373.07⬚F)

T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbmⴢR

Sat. 400 450 500 550 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

0.39492 0.37750 0.35070 0.32859 0.30973 0.29328 0.26571 0.24329 0.22456 0.20864 0.19490 0.18290 0.17233 0.16293 0.15452 0.14694 0.14008 0.13384

2.5321 2.6490 2.8514 3.0433 3.2286 3.4097 3.7635 4.1104 4.4531 4.7929 5.1309 5.4674 5.8029 6.1377 6.4718 6.8054 7.1386 7.4716

1113.7 1127.0 1149.5 1170.6 1191.0 1211.0 1250.7 1290.4 1330.6 1371.4 1412.9 1455.3 1498.5 1542.6 1587.6 1633.5 1680.2 1727.8

1198.1 1215.3 1244.5 1272.0 1298.6 1324.6 1376.1 1427.4 1479.0 1531.1 1584.0 1637.5 1691.9 1747.2 1803.3 1860.3 1918.2 1976.9

1.5559 1.5763 1.6093 1.6387 1.6657 1.6909 1.7373 1.7798 1.8192 1.8562 1.8912 1.9245 1.9563 1.9868 2.0162 2.0446 2.0720 2.0986

Table DE.3N

P ⫽ 200 psia (Tsat ⫽ 381.80⬚F)

T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbmⴢR

Sat. 400 450 500 550 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

0.43703 0.42347 0.39234 0.36701 0.34555 0.32695 0.29590 0.27075 0.24981 0.23203 0.21670 0.20333 0.19155 0.18109 0.17173 0.16330 0.15567 0.14873

2.2882 2.3615 2.5488 2.7247 2.8939 3.0586 3.3795 3.6934 4.0030 4.3098 4.6147 4.9182 5.2206 5.5222 5.8232 6.1238 6.4239 6.7237

1114.8 1124.2 1147.4 1169.0 1189.7 1209.9 1249.8 1289.8 1330.1 1371.0 1412.6 1455.0 1498.3 1542.4 1587.4 1633.3 1680.1 1727.7

1199.6 1211.7 1241.8 1269.9 1296.8 1323.2 1375.0 1426.6 1478.3 1530.6 1583.5 1637.1 1691.6 1746.9 1803.1 1860.1 1918.0 1976.7

1.5470 1.5613 1.5954 1.6254 1.6528 1.6782 1.7250 1.7676 1.8072 1.8443 1.8793 1.9127 1.9445 1.9751 2.0045 2.0329 2.0603 2.0869

Appendix DE

Thermodynamic Properties of H 2 O

Table DE.3O P ⫽ 225 psia (Tsat ⫽ 391.80⬚F) T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbmⴢR

Sat. 400 450 500 550 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

0.48964 0.48244 0.44530 0.41564 0.39077 0.36935 0.33383 0.30521 0.28145 0.26132 0.24399 0.22889 0.21560 0.20380 0.19325 0.18375 0.17516 0.16734

2.0423 2.0728 2.2457 2.4059 2.5590 2.7075 2.9955 3.2765 3.5530 3.8268 4.0985 4.3689 4.6382 4.9068 5.1747 5.4421 5.7092 5.9759

1116.0 1120.5 1144.8 1166.9 1188.0 1208.5 1248.8 1289.0 1329.4 1370.4 1412.1 1454.6 1497.9 1542.1 1587.1 1633.1 1679.8 1727.5

1201.1 1206.8 1238.4 1267.2 1294.6 1321.3 1373.6 1425.5 1477.5 1529.9 1582.9 1636.6 1691.2 1746.5 1802.7 1859.8 1917.7 1976.5

1.5370 1.5437 1.5794 1.6102 1.6381 1.6639 1.7111 1.7540 1.7937 1.8309 1.8660 1.8994 1.9313 1.9619 1.9914 2.0198 2.0472 2.0738

Table DE.3P

P ⫽ 250 psia (Tsat ⫽ 400.97⬚F)

T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbm ⴢ R

Sat. 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

0.54230 0.49933 0.46498 0.43650 0.41213 0.39085 0.37198 0.33981 0.31319 0.29067 0.27133 0.25449 0.23967 0.22653 0.21478 0.20421 0.19465 0.18595

1.8440 2.0027 2.1506 2.2910 2.4264 2.5586 2.6883 2.9428 3.1930 3.4403 3.6856 3.9295 4.1724 4.4144 4.6559 4.8968 5.1374 5.3777

1117.0 1142.1 1164.9 1186.3 1207.1 1227.6 1247.8 1288.2 1328.8 1369.9 1411.7 1454.2 1497.6 1541.8 1586.9 1632.8 1679.6 1727.3

1202.4 1234.8 1264.4 1292.4 1319.5 1346.0 1372.3 1424.4 1476.6 1529.2 1582.3 1636.1 1690.7 1746.2 1802.4 1859.5 1917.5 1976.3

1.5280 1.5647 1.5964 1.6248 1.6510 1.6755 1.6986 1.7417 1.7816 1.8189 1.8541 1.8876 1.9195 1.9501 1.9796 2.0080 2.0355 2.0621

175

176

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table DE.3Q P ⫽ 275 psia (Tsat ⫽ 409.45⬚F) T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbmⴢR

Sat. 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

0.59503 0.55450 0.51507 0.48275 0.45529 0.43143 0.41036 0.37455 0.34502 0.32010 0.29871 0.28011 0.26377 0.24928 0.23633 0.22468 0.21415 0.20457

1.6806 1.8034 1.9415 2.0715 2.1964 2.3179 2.4369 2.6699 2.8984 3.1241 3.3477 3.5700 3.7912 4.0116 4.2314 4.4507 4.6696 4.8882

1117.8 1139.3 1162.7 1184.6 1205.7 1226.4 1246.8 1287.4 1328.1 1369.4 1411.2 1453.8 1497.2 1541.5 1586.6 1632.6 1679.4 1727.1

1203.4 1231.1 1261.6 1290.1 1317.6 1344.4 1370.9 1423.3 1475.7 1528.5 1581.7 1635.6 1690.3 1745.8 1802.1 1859.2 1917.2 1976.0

1.5197 1.5510 1.5836 1.6126 1.6391 1.6639 1.6872 1.7306 1.7706 1.8080 1.8433 1.8768 1.9088 1.9395 1.9690 1.9974 2.0249 2.0515

Table DE.3R

P ⫽ 300 psia (Tsat ⫽ 417.35⬚F)

T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbmⴢR

Sat. 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

0.64787 0.61092 0.56594 0.52954 0.49885 0.47232 0.44897 0.40944 0.37694 0.34958 0.32614 0.30577 0.28789 0.27204 0.25789 0.24516 0.23366 0.22320

1.5435 1.6369 1.7670 1.8884 2.0046 2.1172 2.2273 2.4424 2.6529 2.8605 3.0662 3.2704 3.4735 3.6759 3.8776 4.0789 4.2798 4.4803

1118.4 1136.3 1160.5 1182.9 1204.3 1225.2 1245.8 1286.6 1327.5 1368.8 1410.8 1453.5 1496.9 1541.2 1586.3 1632.3 1679.2 1726.9

1204.1 1227.3 1258.7 1287.8 1315.7 1342.8 1369.5 1422.3 1474.9 1527.7 1581.1 1635.1 1689.9 1745.4 1801.8 1858.9 1917.0 1975.8

1.5121 1.5380 1.5716 1.6012 1.6282 1.6532 1.6767 1.7204 1.7605 1.7981 1.8334 1.8670 1.8990 1.9297 1.9592 1.9877 2.0152 2.0418

Appendix DE

Table DE.3S

Thermodynamic Properties of H 2 O

P ⫽ 350 psia (Tsat ⫽ 431.74⬚F)

T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbm ⴢ R

Sat. 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

0.75400 0.72788 0.67021 0.62483 0.58720 0.55501 0.52690 0.47966 0.44109 0.40876 0.38114 0.35720 0.33620 0.31762 0.30105 0.28615 0.27269 0.26046

1.3263 1.3739 1.4921 1.6004 1.7030 1.8018 1.8979 2.0848 2.2671 2.4464 2.6237 2.7996 2.9744 3.1484 3.3218 3.4947 3.6672 3.8393

1119.3 1130.1 1156.0 1179.4 1201.4 1222.7 1243.7 1285.0 1326.2 1367.8 1409.9 1452.7 1496.2 1540.6 1585.8 1631.9 1678.8 1726.5

1205.2 1219.1 1252.7 1283.1 1311.8 1339.5 1366.7 1420.1 1473.1 1526.3 1579.9 1634.1 1689.0 1744.6 1801.1 1858.4 1916.5 1975.4

1.4984 1.5138 1.5497 1.5806 1.6084 1.6339 1.6579 1.7021 1.7426 1.7803 1.8158 1.8495 1.8816 1.9124 1.9420 1.9704 1.9980 2.0247

Table DE.3T

P ⫽ 400 psia (Tsat ⫽ 444.62⬚F)

T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbm ⴢ R

Sat. 450 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

0.86087 0.85127 0.77816 0.72256 0.67726 0.63897 0.60579 0.55048 0.50563 0.46821 0.43633 0.40875 0.38461 0.36327 0.34425 0.32717 0.31175 0.29774

1.1616 1.1747 1.2851 1.3840 1.4765 1.5650 1.6507 1.8166 1.9777 2.1358 2.2919 2.4465 2.6000 2.7527 2.9048 3.0565 3.2077 3.3586

1119.8 1123.2 1151.2 1175.7 1198.4 1220.2 1241.5 1283.3 1324.9 1366.7 1409.0 1451.9 1495.6 1540.0 1585.3 1631.4 1678.4 1726.1

1205.8 1210.2 1246.4 1278.2 1307.8 1336.2 1363.8 1417.9 1471.4 1524.9 1578.7 1633.1 1688.1 1743.9 1800.4 1857.8 1915.9 1974.9

1.4862 1.4911 1.5298 1.5621 1.5907 1.6169 1.6413 1.6860 1.7269 1.7649 1.8005 1.8343 1.8665 1.8973 1.9270 1.9555 1.9831 2.0098

177

178

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table DE.3U

P ⫽ 450 psia (Tsat ⫽ 456.31⬚F)

T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbmⴢR

Sat. 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

0.96864 0.89025 0.82292 0.76916 0.72426 0.68569 0.62191 0.57057 0.52792 0.49170 0.46044 0.43312 0.40900 0.38751 0.36823 0.35083 0.33504

1.0324 1.1233 1.2152 1.3001 1.3807 1.4584 1.6079 1.7526 1.8942 2.0338 2.1718 2.3088 2.4450 2.5806 2.7157 2.8503 2.9847

1119.9 1146.2 1171.8 1195.4 1217.7 1239.4 1281.7 1323.6 1365.6 1408.1 1451.1 1494.9 1539.4 1584.7 1630.9 1677.9 1725.8

1206.0 1239.8 1273.1 1303.7 1332.8 1360.9 1415.7 1469.6 1523.4 1577.5 1632.1 1687.3 1743.1 1799.8 1857.2 1915.4 1974.5

1.4752 1.5113 1.5452 1.5748 1.6016 1.6264 1.6717 1.7129 1.7511 1.7870 1.8209 1.8531 1.8840 1.9137 1.9423 1.9699 1.9966

Table DE.3V

P ⫽ 500 psia (Tsat ⫽ 467.04⬚F)

T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbmⴢR

Sat. 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

1.0774 1.0070 0.92615 0.86300 0.81095 0.76664 0.69398 0.63592 0.58791 0.54727 0.51227 0.48172 0.45479 0.43082 0.40933 0.38995 0.37236

0.92815 0.99303 1.0797 1.1588 1.2331 1.3044 1.4410 1.5725 1.7009 1.8273 1.9521 2.0759 2.1988 2.3212 2.4430 2.5645 2.6856

1119.8 1140.8 1167.9 1192.2 1215.1 1237.2 1280.0 1322.3 1364.5 1407.1 1450.3 1494.2 1538.8 1584.2 1630.4 1677.5 1725.4

1205.8 1232.8 1267.8 1299.5 1329.3 1357.9 1413.4 1467.9 1522.0 1576.3 1631.1 1686.4 1742.4 1799.1 1856.6 1914.9 1974.0

1.4652 1.4938 1.5295 1.5601 1.5876 1.6128 1.6588 1.7003 1.7387 1.7747 1.8088 1.8411 1.8721 1.9018 1.9304 1.9581 1.9848

Appendix DE

Thermodynamic Properties of H 2 O

Table DE.3W P ⫽ 600 psia (Tsat ⫽ 486.24⬚F) T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbm ⴢ R

Sat. 500 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

1.2984 1.2575 1.1423 1.0570 0.98880 0.93183 0.84007 0.76788 0.70874 0.65898 0.61633 0.57922 0.54658 0.51759 0.49163 0.46825 0.44705

0.77015 0.79526 0.87542 0.94605 1.0113 1.0732 1.1904 1.3023 1.4110 1.5175 1.6225 1.7264 1.8296 1.9320 2.0340 2.1356 2.2369

1119.1 1129.0 1159.4 1185.7 1209.8 1232.7 1276.7 1319.6 1362.3 1405.3 1448.8 1492.8 1537.6 1583.2 1629.5 1676.6 1724.6

1204.6 1217.3 1256.7 1290.8 1322.1 1351.9 1408.9 1464.3 1519.1 1573.9 1629.0 1684.6 1740.9 1797.8 1855.5 1913.9 1973.1

1.4473 1.4606 1.5006 1.5336 1.5625 1.5888 1.6359 1.6782 1.7171 1.7534 1.7877 1.8202 1.8513 1.8811 1.9098 1.9375 1.9643

Table DE.3X

P ⫽ 700 psia (Tsat ⫽ 503.13⬚F)

T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbm ⴢ R

Sat. 550 600 650 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

1.5247 1.3736 1.2605 1.1731 1.1017 0.98888 0.90154 0.83070 0.77148 0.72094 0.67712 0.63865 0.60456 0.57408 0.54665 0.52181

0.65586 0.72799 0.79332 0.85242 0.90769 1.0112 1.1092 1.2038 1.2962 1.3871 1.4769 1.5658 1.6541 1.7419 1.8293 1.9164

1117.7 1150.2 1178.7 1204.2 1228.1 1273.2 1316.9 1360.1 1403.5 1447.2 1491.5 1536.4 1582.1 1628.5 1675.8 1723.8

1202.7 1244.6 1281.5 1314.7 1345.7 1404.3 1460.7 1516.2 1571.5 1627.0 1682.9 1739.4 1796.5 1854.3 1912.9 1972.2

1.4315 1.4740 1.5097 1.5403 1.5677 1.6162 1.6592 1.6986 1.7353 1.7697 1.8025 1.8337 1.8636 1.8924 1.9201 1.9470

179

180

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table DE.3Y

P ⫽ 800 psia (Tsat ⫽ 518.27⬚F)

T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbmⴢR

Sat. 550 600 650 700 750 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

1.7569 1.6237 1.4750 1.3647 1.2766 1.2033 1.1405 1.0370 0.95383 0.88477 0.82610 0.77540 0.73101 0.69173 0.65668 0.62516 0.59664

0.56917 0.61586 0.67799 0.73279 0.78330 0.83102 0.87678 0.96433 1.0484 1.1302 1.2105 1.2897 1.3680 1.4456 1.5228 1.5996 1.6761

1115.8 1140.1 1171.3 1198.4 1223.3 1246.9 1269.7 1314.2 1357.9 1401.6 1445.6 1490.1 1535.2 1581.0 1627.6 1674.9 1723.0

1200.1 1231.3 1271.7 1306.9 1339.3 1370.0 1399.6 1457.0 1513.2 1569.0 1624.9 1681.1 1737.8 1795.2 1853.2 1911.9 1971.3

1.4171 1.4486 1.4877 1.5201 1.5487 1.5746 1.5986 1.6425 1.6823 1.7193 1.7541 1.7869 1.8183 1.8483 1.8772 1.9050 1.9319

Table DE.3Z

P ⫽ 1000 psia (Tsat ⫽ 544.65⬚F)

T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbmⴢR

Sat. 550 600 650 700 750 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

2.2419 2.2039 1.9444 1.7727 1.6435 1.5398 1.4531 1.3134 1.2037 1.1138 1.0381 0.97318 0.91658 0.86670 0.82230 0.78248 0.74652

0.44605 0.45375 0.51431 0.56410 0.60844 0.64944 0.68821 0.76136 0.83077 0.89782 0.96327 1.0276 1.0910 1.1538 1.2161 1.2780 1.3396

1110.8 1116.0 1154.9 1185.9 1213.2 1238.4 1262.5 1308.6 1353.4 1397.8 1442.4 1487.3 1532.8 1578.9 1625.7 1673.2 1721.5

1193.4 1200.0 1250.1 1290.3 1325.8 1358.7 1389.9 1449.6 1507.2 1564.1 1620.8 1677.6 1734.8 1792.5 1850.9 1909.9 1969.5

1.3916 1.3981 1.4466 1.4837 1.5151 1.5428 1.5681 1.6137 1.6546 1.6923 1.7275 1.7608 1.7924 1.8226 1.8516 1.8796 1.9066

Appendix DE

Table DE.3AA

Thermodynamic Properties of H 2 O

P ⫽ 1250 psia (Tsat ⫽ 572.45⬚F)

T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbm ⴢ R

Sat. 600 650 700 750 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

2.8942 2.6389 2.3418 2.1397 1.9863 1.8627 1.6701 1.5231 1.4048 1.3064 1.2227 1.1502 1.0866 1.0302 0.97972 0.93427

0.34551 0.37894 0.42703 0.46734 0.50344 0.53687 0.59876 0.65655 0.71184 0.76545 0.81788 0.86944 0.92033 0.97072 1.0207 1.0704

1102.7 1130.3 1168.3 1199.5 1227.2 1253.0 1301.4 1347.6 1393.1 1438.4 1483.8 1529.7 1576.2 1623.3 1671.1 1719.5

1182.7 1218.0 1267.2 1307.7 1343.8 1377.3 1440.0 1499.6 1557.8 1615.5 1673.2 1731.0 1789.2 1848.0 1907.3 1967.3

1.3633 1.3970 1.4424 1.4781 1.5086 1.5358 1.5837 1.6260 1.6646 1.7005 1.7342 1.7661 1.7966 1.8259 1.8540 1.8811

Table DE.3BB P ⫽ 1500 psia (Tsat ⫽ 596.26⬚F) T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbm ⴢR

Sat. 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

3.6105 3.5475 3.0021 2.6883 2.4670 2.2962 2.1572 2.0402 1.8508 1.7012 1.5784 1.4748 1.3856 1.3077 1.2389 1.1776 1.1225

0.27697 0.28189 0.33310 0.37198 0.40534 0.43550 0.46356 0.49014 0.54031 0.58780 0.63355 0.67808 0.72172 0.76469 0.80714 0.84919 0.89090

1092.9 1097.9 1148.0 1184.4 1215.2 1243.0 1269.1 1294.0 1341.8 1388.3 1434.3 1480.3 1526.7 1573.5 1620.9 1668.9 1717.6

1169.8 1176.2 1240.5 1287.7 1327.8 1364.0 1397.8 1430.1 1491.8 1551.5 1610.3 1668.7 1727.1 1785.9 1845.1 1904.8 1965.0

1.3372 1.3432 1.4026 1.4443 1.4781 1.5075 1.5338 1.5580 1.6018 1.6414 1.6779 1.7121 1.7444 1.7751 1.8046 1.8329 1.8602

181

182

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table DE.3CC

P ⫽ 1750 psia (Tsat ⫽ 617.17⬚F)

T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbmⴢR

Sat. 650 700 750 800 850 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

4.4088 3.8034 3.3056 2.9891 2.7574 2.5750 2.4249 2.1873 2.0033 1.8542 1.7294 1.6228 1.5302 1.4486 1.3761 1.3111

0.22682 0.26292 0.30252 0.33455 0.36266 0.38835 0.41238 0.45719 0.49917 0.53932 0.57822 0.61621 0.65352 0.69031 0.72668 0.76273

1081.2 1123.5 1167.5 1202.2 1232.5 1260.2 1286.3 1335.8 1383.4 1430.2 1476.8 1523.6 1570.8 1618.5 1666.7 1715.6

1154.7 1208.7 1265.6 1310.7 1350.0 1386.0 1419.9 1483.9 1545.1 1604.9 1664.2 1723.3 1782.6 1842.2 1902.2 1962.8

1.3121 1.3616 1.4118 1.4499 1.4818 1.5098 1.5352 1.5806 1.6212 1.6584 1.6930 1.7257 1.7568 1.7864 1.8149 1.8423

Table DE.3DD

P ⫽ 2000 psia (Tsat ⫽ 635.85⬚F)

T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbmⴢR

Sat. 650 700 750 800 850 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

5.3156 4.8576 4.0171 3.5621 3.2507 3.0149 2.8256 2.5330 2.3113 2.1339 1.9868 1.8619 1.7539 1.6592 1.5753 1.5002

0.18813 0.20586 0.24894 0.28074 0.30763 0.33169 0.35390 0.39479 0.43266 0.46864 0.50332 0.53708 0.57015 0.60269 0.63481 0.66660

1067.5 1092.1 1148.4 1188.2 1221.3 1250.9 1278.3 1329.6 1378.4 1426.0 1473.3 1520.5 1568.1 1616.0 1664.6 1713.7

1137.2 1168.4 1240.6 1292.1 1335.2 1373.7 1409.4 1475.8 1538.6 1599.6 1659.7 1719.4 1779.2 1839.3 1899.7 1960.6

1.2872 1.3155 1.3793 1.4228 1.4577 1.4877 1.5145 1.5616 1.6032 1.6411 1.6763 1.7093 1.7406 1.7705 1.7992 1.8267

Appendix DE

Thermodynamic Properties of H 2 O

Table DE.3EE P ⫽ 2500 psia (Tsat ⫽ 668.17⬚F) T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbm ⴢR

Sat. 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

7.6508 5.9350 4.9195 4.3575 3.9724 3.6812 3.4482 3.2546 2.9456 2.7052 2.5096 2.3457 2.2053 2.0832 1.9755 1.8795

0.13071 0.16849 0.20327 0.22949 0.25174 0.27165 0.29001 0.30726 0.33949 0.36966 0.39847 0.42631 0.45344 0.48004 0.50621 0.53204

1031.8 1099.1 1155.7 1196.7 1231.0 1261.6 1290.0 1316.9 1368.2 1417.6 1466.1 1514.3 1562.6 1611.2 1660.2 1709.8

1092.3 1177.1 1249.8 1302.9 1347.5 1387.3 1424.2 1459.2 1525.4 1588.7 1650.5 1711.7 1772.5 1833.4 1894.6 1956.1

1.2338 1.3081 1.3695 1.4125 1.4473 1.4772 1.5038 1.5282 1.5720 1.6114 1.6476 1.6814 1.7132 1.7436 1.7725 1.8004

Table DE.3FF

P ⫽ 3000 psia (Tsat ⫽ 695.41⬚F)

T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbm ⴢ R

Sat. 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

11.812 10.165 6.7386 5.6815 5.0578 4.6212 4.2880 4.0200 3.6060 3.2931 3.0434 2.8370 2.6619 2.5107 2.3781 2.2606

0.084657 0.098374 0.14840 0.17601 0.19771 0.21639 0.23321 0.24876 0.27732 0.30367 0.32858 0.35249 0.37567 0.39830 0.42050 0.44236

970.58 1006.0 1114.8 1168.3 1209.0 1243.6 1274.7 1303.7 1357.8 1409.0 1458.8 1508.0 1557.1 1606.3 1655.9 1705.8

1017.6 1060.6 1197.2 1266.1 1318.8 1363.8 1404.3 1441.9 1511.8 1577.7 1641.3 1703.8 1765.8 1827.6 1889.5 1951.6

1.1597 1.1969 1.3127 1.3685 1.4096 1.4433 1.4726 1.4988 1.5451 1.5861 1.6233 1.6579 1.6903 1.7211 1.7504 1.7785

183

184

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table DE.3GG

P ⫽ 3500 psia

T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbmⴢR

650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

40.123 32.624 9.5603 7.3320 6.3102 5.6630 5.1961 4.8341 4.2939 3.8981 3.5884 3.3358 3.1236 2.9417 2.7831 2.6432

0.024924 0.030653 0.10460 0.13639 0.15847 0.17659 0.19245 0.20687 0.23289 0.25654 0.27868 0.29978 0.32014 0.33994 0.35931 0.37833

664.18 760.51 1058.3 1135.0 1184.6 1224.2 1258.6 1289.9 1347.0 1400.2 1451.4 1501.7 1551.6 1601.4 1651.5 1701.9

680.33 780.37 1126.1 1223.4 1287.3 1338.7 1383.3 1423.9 1497.9 1566.5 1632.0 1696.0 1759.1 1821.7 1884.4 1947.1

0.86378 0.95177 1.2443 1.3233 1.3730 1.4115 1.4438 1.4721 1.5212 1.5638 1.6021 1.6375 1.6705 1.7017 1.7314 1.7598

Table DE.3HH

P ⫽ 4000 psia

T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbmⴢR

650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

40.843 34.828 15.698 9.5056 7.7834 6.8276 6.1822 5.7018 5.0109 4.5206 4.1446 3.8420 3.5903 3.3761 3.1904 3.0272

0.024484 0.028713 0.063703 0.10520 0.12848 0.14647 0.16175 0.17538 0.19957 0.22121 0.24128 0.26028 0.27853 0.29620 0.31344 0.33033

658.37 742.81 962.70 1095.0 1157.4 1203.3 1241.6 1275.4 1336.0 1391.3 1443.9 1495.3 1546.0 1596.5 1647.1 1698.0

676.51 764.08 1009.9 1172.9 1252.6 1311.8 1361.4 1405.3 1483.8 1555.1 1622.7 1688.1 1752.3 1815.9 1879.3 1942.6

0.85827 0.93536 1.1417 1.2743 1.3364 1.3808 1.4166 1.4473 1.4993 1.5437 1.5832 1.6193 1.6530 1.6846 1.7147 1.7434

Appendix DE

Table DE.3II

Thermodynamic Properties of H 2 O

P ⫽ 5000 psia

T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbm ⴢ R

650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

42.037 37.345 29.647 16.845 11.695 9.6243 8.4295 7.6172 6.5368 5.8191 5.2904 4.8761 4.5382 4.2545 4.0113 3.7994

0.023788 0.026777 0.033730 0.059365 0.085508 0.10390 0.11863 0.13128 0.15298 0.17185 0.18902 0.20508 0.22035 0.23505 0.24930 0.26320

648.71 722.26 822.38 987.53 1093.1 1156.7 1204.7 1244.8 1313.1 1373.0 1428.8 1482.4 1534.8 1586.7 1638.3 1690.1

670.73 747.05 853.61 1042.5 1172.3 1252.9 1314.5 1366.4 1454.7 1532.1 1603.8 1672.3 1738.8 1804.3 1869.2 1933.8

0.84904 0.91627 1.0061 1.1589 1.2602 1.3207 1.3652 1.4014 1.4600 1.5081 1.5500 1.5879 1.6227 1.6553 1.6861 1.7153

Table DE.3JJ P ⫽ 6000 psia T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbm ⴢ R

650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

43.019 39.009 33.540 25.322 17.197 13.185 11.099 9.7958 8.1891 7.1885 6.4793 5.9377 5.5039 5.1445 4.8396 4.5761

0.023246 0.025635 0.029815 0.039491 0.058151 0.075844 0.090098 0.10208 0.12211 0.13911 0.15434 0.16841 0.18169 0.19438 0.20663 0.21853

640.73 708.54 789.22 897.71 1019.2 1104.3 1164.5 1212.2 1289.3 1354.3 1413.4 1469.3 1523.5 1576.8 1629.6 1682.2

666.56 737.03 822.34 941.58 1083.8 1188.5 1264.6 1325.6 1425.0 1508.8 1584.9 1656.5 1725.4 1792.7 1859.1 1925.0

0.84136 0.90344 0.97541 1.0719 1.1827 1.2612 1.3162 1.3587 1.4247 1.4768 1.5213 1.5609 1.5970 1.6305 1.6620 1.6918

185

186

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table DE.4 Compressed Liquid (Water) Table DE.4A

P ⫽ 500 psia (Tsat ⫽ 467.04⬚F)

T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbm ⴢR

31.558 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 467.04

62.523 62.509 62.086 61.286 60.217 58.921 57.416 55.697 53.737 51.481 50.628

0.015994 0.015998 0.016107 0.016317 0.016607 0.016972 0.017417 0.017954 0.018609 0.019425 0.019752

⫺0.43616 18.040 67.906 117.78 167.82 218.18 269.09 320.85 373.86 428.73 448.01

1.0447 19.521 69.397 119.29 169.35 219.75 270.71 322.51 375.58 430.53 449.84

⫺0.00089009 0.036035 0.12939 0.21477 0.29369 0.36733 0.43671 0.50275 0.56634 0.62845 0.64949

Table DE.4B

P ⫽ 1000 psia (Tsat ⫽ 544.65⬚F)

T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbm ⴢR

31.092 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 544.65

62.631 62.611 62.179 61.380 60.315 59.028 57.536 55.835 53.903 51.689 49.097 46.297

0.015967 0.015972 0.016083 0.016292 0.016580 0.016941 0.017380 0.017910 0.018552 0.019347 0.020368 0.021600

⫺0.87714 18.002 67.738 117.50 167.42 217.66 268.42 319.98 372.73 427.22 484.35 539.02

2.0795 20.959 70.716 120.51 170.49 220.80 271.64 323.30 376.16 430.80 488.12 543.02

⫺0.0017960 0.035953 0.12908 0.21430 0.29309 0.36659 0.43581 0.50167 0.56501 0.62678 0.68811 0.74400

Appendix DE

Table DE.4C

Thermodynamic Properties of H 2 O

P ⫽ 1500 psia (Tsat ⫽ 596.26⬚F)

T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbm ⴢR

30.621 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 596.26

62.738 62.712 62.272 61.472 60.412 59.133 57.654 55.971 54.065 51.890 49.363 46.307 42.622

0.015939 0.015946 0.016059 0.016267 0.016553 0.016911 0.017345 0.017866 0.018496 0.019271 0.020258 0.021595 0.023462

⫺1.32290 17.963 67.571 117.22 167.03 217.14 267.75 319.13 371.62 425.75 482.33 542.87 605.56

3.1044 22.392 72.032 121.74 171.63 221.84 272.57 324.09 376.76 431.11 487.96 548.86 612.08

⫺0.0027177 0.035864 0.12877 0.21384 0.29249 0.36586 0.43493 0.50060 0.56371 0.62515 0.68598 0.74782 0.80900

Table DE.4D

P ⫽ 2000 psia (Tsat ⫽ 635.85⬚F)

T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbm ⴢR

30.144 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 635.85

62.844 62.812 62.365 61.564 60.508 59.237 57.770 56.105 54.223 52.086 49.618 46.671 42.888 39.009

0.015912 0.015921 0.016035 0.016243 0.016527 0.016881 0.017310 0.017824 0.018442 0.019199 0.020154 0.021427 0.023317 0.025635

⫺1.77360 17.922 67.407 116.95 166.65 216.64 267.10 318.29 370.55 424.34 480.40 540.02 606.17 662.79

4.1195 23.819 73.345 122.96 172.77 222.89 273.51 324.89 377.38 431.45 487.86 547.96 614.81 672.28

⫺0.0036552 0.035769 0.12847 0.21338 0.29190 0.36513 0.43405 0.49955 0.56244 0.62357 0.68393 0.74495 0.80953 0.86284

187

188

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table DE.4E

P ⫽ 3000 psia (Tsat ⫽ 695.41⬚F)

T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbm ⴢR

29.173 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 695.41

63.056 63.010 62.547 61.746 60.698 59.442 57.998 56.365 54.530 52.461 50.099 47.335 43.940 39.272 29.121

0.015859 0.015870 0.015988 0.016195 0.016475 0.016823 0.017242 0.017741 0.018338 0.019062 0.019960 0.021126 0.022759 0.025463 0.034339

⫺2.68980 17.839 67.083 116.41 165.90 215.65 265.83 316.67 368.47 421.64 476.76 534.84 597.82 670.99 783.94

6.1201 26.656 75.964 125.41 175.05 225.00 275.41 326.53 378.66 432.22 487.85 546.58 610.46 685.13 803.02

⫺0.0055781 0.035560 0.12785 0.21247 0.29073 0.36370 0.43234 0.49750 0.55997 0.62053 0.68005 0.73968 0.80141 0.87021 0.97391

Table DE.4F

P ⫽ 5000 psia

T, ⬚F

␳, lbm/ft3

v, ft3/lbm

u, Btu/lbm

h, Btu/lbm

s, Btu/lbm ⴢ R

27.159 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700

63.473 63.398 62.905 62.101 61.067 59.840 58.437 56.864 55.111 53.158 50.968 48.477 45.573 42.037 37.345

0.015755 0.015773 0.015897 0.016103 0.016375 0.016711 0.017112 0.017586 0.018145 0.018812 0.019620 0.020628 0.021943 0.023788 0.026777

⫺4.5835 17.663 66.454 115.39 164.46 213.76 263.41 313.61 364.60 416.67 470.26 525.96 584.81 648.71 722.26

10.003 32.267 81.172 130.29 179.63 229.23 279.26 329.90 381.40 434.09 488.42 545.06 605.12 670.73 747.05

⫺0.0096178 0.035073 0.12661 0.21067 0.28844 0.36092 0.42903 0.49358 0.55530 0.61487 0.67300 0.73053 0.78857 0.84904 0.91627

page 189

Sat. Press., Psat psia

0.0887 0.0886 0.0808 0.0641 0.0505 0.0396 0.0309 0.0240 0.0185 0.0142 0.0109 0.0082 0.0062 0.0046 0.0035 0.0026 0.0019

Temp., T ⬚F

32.018 32 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 ⫺5 ⫺10 ⫺15 ⫺20 ⫺25 ⫺30 ⫺35 ⫺40

0.01747 0.01747 0.01747 0.01746 0.01745 0.01745 0.01744 0.01743 0.01743 0.01742 0.01741 0.01740 0.01740 0.01739 0.01738 0.01737 0.01737

Sat. Ice, vl 3.302 3.305 3.607 4.506 5.655 7.13 9.04 11.52 14.77 19.03 24.66 32.2 42.2 55.7 74.1 99.2 133.8

Sat. Vapor, vg ⫻ 10⫺3

Specific Volume, ft3/lbm

⫺143.34 ⫺143.35 ⫺144.35 ⫺146.84 ⫺149.31 ⫺151.75 ⫺154.17 ⫺156.56 ⫺158.93 ⫺161.27 ⫺163.59 ⫺165.89 ⫺168.16 ⫺170.40 ⫺172.63 ⫺174.82 ⫺177.00

Sat. Ice, ul 1164.6 1164.6 1164.9 1165.7 1166.5 1167.3 1168.1 1168.8 1169.5 1170.2 1170.9 1171.5 1172.1 1172.7 1173.2 1173.8 1174.3

Subl., uig 1021.2 1021.2 1020.5 1018.9 1017.2 1015.3 1013.9 1012.2 1010.6 1008.9 1007.3 1005.6 1003.9 1002.3 1000.6 988.9 997.3

Sat. Vapor, ug

Internal Energy, Btu/lbm

Table DE.5 Vapor Properties: Saturated Solid (Ice)–Vapor

⫺143.34 ⫺143.35 ⫺144.35 ⫺146.84 ⫺149.31 ⫺151.75 ⫺154.17 ⫺156.56 ⫺158.93 ⫺161.27 ⫺163.59 ⫺165.89 ⫺168.16 ⫺170.40 ⫺172.63 ⫺174.82 ⫺177.00

Sat. Ice, hl 1218.7 1218.7 1218.9 1219.1 1219.4 1219.7 1219.9 1220.1 1220.2 1220.3 1220.4 1220.5 1220.6 1220.6 1220.6 1220.6 1220.6

Subl., hig

1075.4 1075.4 1074.5 1072.3 1070.1 1067.9 1065.7 1063.5 1061.2 1059.0 1056.8 1054.6 1052.4 1050.2 1048.0 1045.8 1043.6

Sat. Vapor, hg

Enthalpy, Btu/lbm

⫺0.292 ⫺0.292 ⫺0.294 ⫺0.299 ⫺0.304 ⫺0.309 ⫺0.314 ⫺0.320 ⫺0.325 ⫺0.330 ⫺0.335 ⫺0.340 ⫺0.345 ⫺0.351 ⫺0.356 ⫺0.361 ⫺0.366

Sat. Ice, sl

2.479 2.479 2.489 2.515 2.542 2.569 2.597 2.626 2.655 2.684 2.714 2.745 2.776 2.808 2.841 2.874 2.908

Subl., sig

2.187 2.187 2.195 2.216 2.238 2.260 2.283 2.306 2.330 2.354 2.379 2.405 2.431 2.457 2.485 2.513 2.542

Sat. Vapor, sg

Entropy, Btu/lbm⭈K

Appendix EE Various Thermodynamic Data Table EE.1 Critical Constants and Specific Heats for Selected Gases* Substance Acetylene (C2H2) Air (equivalent) Ammonia (NH3) Benzene (C6H6) n-Butane (C4H10) Carbon dioxide (CO2) Carbon monoxide (CO) Refrigerant 134a (C2F4H2) Ethane (C2H6) Ethylene (C2H4) Helium (He) Hydrogen (H2) Methane (CH4) Nitrogen (N2) Oxygen (O2) Propane (C3H8) Sulfur dioxide (SO2) Water (H2O)

m (lb/lbmol)

Tc (R)

Pc (psia)

vc (m3/kmol)

Zc

cv (kJ/kg·K)

cp (kJ/kg·K)

26.04 28.97 17.04 78.11 58.12 44.01 28.01 102.03 30.07 28.05 4.00 2.02 16.04 28.01 32.00 44.09 64.06 18.02

556.20 239.40 730.80 1011.60 765.36 547.56 239.40 673.74 549.72 509.40 9.36 59.76 343.26 227.16 277.92 666.00 775.80 1164.78

905.04 546.79 1636.03 700.53 549.69 1071.83 507.63 588.85 707.79 742.59 33.36 188.55 672.98 491.68 732.44 616.41 1141.45 3199.54

1.79 1.33 1.16 4.10 4.12 1.51 1.49 3.20 2.37 2.05 0.93 1.04 1.59 1.44 1.19 3.20 1.99 0.89

0.27 0.28 0.24 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.29 0.26 0.29 0.28 0.30 0.30 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.23

0.33 0.17 0.40 0.16 0.37 0.16 0.18 0.18 0.35 0.29 0.75 2.44 0.41 0.18 0.16 0.35 0.11 0.33

0.40 0.24 0.51 0.19 0.41 0.20 0.25 0.20 0.42 0.37 1.24 3.42 0.53 0.25 0.22 0.40 0.14 0.44

*Adapted from Wark, K., Jr., and Richards, D. E., Thermodynamics, 6th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1999.

Table EE.2 Van der Waals Constants for Selected Gases* Substance Acetylene (C2H2) Air (equivalent) Ammonia (NH3) Benzene (C6H6) n-Butane (C4H10) Carbon dioxide (CO2) Carbon monoxide (CO) Refrigerant 134a (C2F4H2) Ethane (C2H6) Ethylene (C2H4) Helium (He) Hydrogen (H2) Methane (CH4) Nitrogen (N2) Oxygen (O2) Propane (C3H8) Sulfur dioxide (SO2) Water (H2O)

a [psia·(ft3/lbmol)2]

b (ft3/lbmol)

16412 5053.9 15716 69333 51358 13558 5444.7 37402 20748 16982 126.91 919.23 8503.9 5065.1 5094.9 34667 25445 20495

0.82 0.58 0.60 1.89 1.92 0.68 0.63 1.53 1.04 0.92 0.37 0.42 0.68 0.62 0.50 1.44 0.91 0.49

*Adapted from Wark, K., Jr., and Richards, D. E., Thermodynamics, 6th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1999.

page 190

Appendix FE Thermo-Physical Properties of Selected Gases at 1 atm

page 191

page 192

␳ (lbm/ft3)

0.096040 0.091441 0.087264 0.083454 0.079964 0.076754 0.073794 0.071053 0.068510 0.066142 0.063934 0.061868 0.059932 0.058113 0.056402 0.054789 0.053265 0.051825 0.050460 0.049165 0.047935 0.046765 0.045651 0.044589 0.043576 0.042607 0.041681 0.040793 0.039943 0.039128 0.038346

T (R)

400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 1000

Table FE.1A Ammonia (NH3)

0.24917 0.24908 0.24901 0.24896 0.24892 0.24890 0.24889 0.24889 0.24891 0.24895 0.24900 0.24907 0.24916 0.24928 0.24941 0.24957 0.24975 0.24996 0.25019 0.25044 0.25073 0.25103 0.25136 0.25171 0.25209 0.25249 0.25291 0.25336 0.25382 0.25430 0.25480

cp (Btu/lbm·R) 0.0000094671 0.0000098515 0.000010229 0.000010600 0.000010964 0.000011322 0.000011675 0.000012022 0.000012363 0.000012699 0.000013030 0.000013357 0.000013679 0.000013996 0.000014309 0.000014618 0.000014923 0.000015225 0.000015522 0.000015817 0.000016107 0.000016395 0.000016679 0.000016960 0.000017238 0.000017513 0.000017786 0.000018056 0.000018323 0.000018587 0.000018850

␮ (lbm/ft·s) 0.000098574 0.00010774 0.00011722 0.00012701 0.00013711 0.00014752 0.00015821 0.00016919 0.00018046 0.00019200 0.00020381 0.00021589 0.00022824 0.00024084 0.00025370 0.00026681 0.00028017 0.00029377 0.00030762 0.00032170 0.00033602 0.00035057 0.00036535 0.00038036 0.00039559 0.00041105 0.00042672 0.00044261 0.00045872 0.00047504 0.00049157

v (ft2/s) 0.011609 0.012117 0.012618 0.013111 0.013596 0.014076 0.014548 0.015014 0.015475 0.015929 0.016378 0.016822 0.017261 0.017695 0.018124 0.018548 0.018968 0.019384 0.019795 0.020203 0.020607 0.021007 0.021404 0.021797 0.022187 0.022574 0.022958 0.023338 0.023716 0.024091 0.024463

k (Btu/h·ft·R)

Table FE.1 Thermo-Physical Properties of Selected Gases (1 atm)

0.00013476 0.00014778 0.00016129 0.00017529 0.00018974 0.00020466 0.00022003 0.00023584 0.00025207 0.00026873 0.00028579 0.00030324 0.00032108 0.00033930 0.00035787 0.00037680 0.00039606 0.00041565 0.00043556 0.00045577 0.00047628 0.00049707 0.00051813 0.00053946 0.00056105 0.00058288 0.00060495 0.00062725 0.00064978 0.00067253 0.00069548

␣ (ft2/s)

0.73146 0.72901 0.72674 0.72461 0.72263 0.72077 0.71903 0.71740 0.71588 0.71446 0.71315 0.71194 0.71083 0.70982 0.70891 0.70810 0.70739 0.70678 0.70626 0.70584 0.70552 0.70528 0.70513 0.70508 0.70510 0.70520 0.70538 0.70564 0.70596 0.70635 0.70681

Pr

page 193

␳ (lbm/ft3)

0.152720 0.145150 0.138320 0.132130 0.126480 0.121310 0.116550 0.112160 0.108090 0.104320 0.100800 0.097508 0.094431 0.091543 0.088829 0.086271 0.083858 0.081578 0.079418 0.077371 0.075427 0.073579 0.071819 0.070142 0.068542 0.067014 0.065552 0.064153 0.062813 0.061527 0.060294 0.059109 0.057969 0.056873 0.055818 0.054801

T (R)

400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880 900 920 940 960 980 1000 1020 1040 1060 1080 1100

Table FE.1B Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

0.18702 0.18902 0.19126 0.19366 0.19615 0.19868 0.20123 0.20378 0.20631 0.20881 0.21127 0.21369 0.21607 0.21840 0.22067 0.22291 0.22509 0.22722 0.22931 0.23135 0.23335 0.23530 0.23721 0.23908 0.24091 0.24270 0.24445 0.24617 0.24785 0.24949 0.25110 0.25268 0.25423 0.25574 0.25723 0.25868

cp (Btu/lbm·R) 0.0000075092 0.0000078839 0.000008257 0.000008629 0.000008998 0.000009366 0.000009731 0.000010094 0.000010454 0.000010812 0.000011167 0.000011519 0.000011868 0.000012214 0.000012557 0.000012898 0.000013235 0.000013570 0.000013901 0.000014229 0.000014555 0.000014878 0.000015197 0.000015514 0.000015828 0.000016139 0.000016447 0.000016752 0.000017055 0.000017355 0.000017652 0.000017946 0.000018238 0.000018528 0.000018814 0.000019098

␮ (lbm/ft·s) 0.000049170 0.000054317 0.000059697 0.000065307 0.000071145 0.000077208 0.000083493 0.000089996 0.000096714 0.00010365 0.00011078 0.00011813 0.00012568 0.00013342 0.00014137 0.00014950 0.00015783 0.00016634 0.00017503 0.00018391 0.00019297 0.00020220 0.00021160 0.00022118 0.00023092 0.00024083 0.00025090 0.00026113 0.00027152 0.00028207 0.00029277 0.00030362 0.00031462 0.00032577 0.00033706 0.00034850

v (ft2/s) 0.0063872 0.0068142 0.0072588 0.0077208 0.0081988 0.0086908 0.0091947 0.0097085 0.010230 0.010759 0.011292 0.011829 0.012368 0.012910 0.013452 0.013995 0.014537 0.015079 0.015620 0.016160 0.016699 0.017235 0.017770 0.018303 0.018835 0.019364 0.019891 0.020415 0.020938 0.021458 0.021976 0.022492 0.023006 0.023517 0.024026 0.024533

k (Btu/h·ft·R) 0.000062120 0.000068993 0.000076217 0.000083817 0.000091801 0.00010016 0.00010890 0.00011799 0.00012743 0.00013720 0.00014729 0.00015769 0.00016838 0.00017937 0.00019062 0.00020215 0.00021393 0.00022597 0.00023826 0.00025078 0.00026354 0.00027653 0.00028975 0.00030318 0.00031684 0.00033071 0.00034480 0.00035909 0.00037360 0.00038830 0.00040321 0.00041832 0.00043362 0.00044912 0.00046482 0.00048071

␣ (ft2/s)

(continued)

0.79154 0.78728 0.78325 0.77916 0.77499 0.77082 0.76671 0.76274 0.75897 0.75543 0.75215 0.74913 0.74637 0.74386 0.74160 0.73956 0.73774 0.73611 0.73465 0.73336 0.73222 0.73120 0.73031 0.72952 0.72882 0.72820 0.72767 0.72719 0.72678 0.72641 0.72609 0.72581 0.72556 0.72534 0.72515 0.72498

Pr

page 194

␳ (lbm/ft3)

0.053821 0.052875 0.051962 0.051080 0.050228 0.049403 0.048605 0.047833 0.047085 0.046359 0.045656 0.044974 0.044312 0.043669 0.043045

T (R)

1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220 1240 1260 1280 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 1400

Table FE.1B (continued)

0.26011 0.26151 0.26288 0.26422 0.26553 0.26683 0.26809 0.26933 0.27055 0.27174 0.27290 0.27405 0.27517 0.27627 0.27735

cp (Btu/lbm·R) 0.000019380 0.000019659 0.000019936 0.000020211 0.000020483 0.000020752 0.000021020 0.000021285 0.000021548 0.000021809 0.000022068 0.000022325 0.000022580 0.000022832 0.000023083

␮ (lbm/ft·s) 0.00036008 0.00037181 0.00038367 0.00039567 0.00040780 0.00042007 0.00043246 0.00044499 0.00045765 0.00047044 0.00048335 0.00049639 0.00050956 0.00052284 0.00053625

v (ft2/s) 0.025037 0.025539 0.026038 0.026536 0.027031 0.027523 0.028014 0.028502 0.028987 0.029471 0.029952 0.030430 0.030907 0.031381 0.031852

k (Btu/h·ft·R)

0.00049679 0.00051305 0.00052951 0.00054615 0.00056298 0.00057999 0.00059718 0.00061455 0.00063210 0.00064983 0.00066774 0.00068582 0.00070408 0.00072251 0.00074111

␣ (ft2/s)

0.72483 0.72469 0.72457 0.72446 0.72436 0.72426 0.72418 0.72410 0.72402 0.72394 0.72387 0.72379 0.72372 0.72365 0.72358

Pr

page 195

␳ (lbm/ft3)

0.096064 0.091460 0.087279 0.083465 0.079972 0.076761 0.073798 0.071056 0.068512 0.066143 0.063933 0.061867 0.059930 0.058111 0.056400 0.054786 0.053262 0.051821 0.050456 0.049161 0.047931 0.046762 0.045648 0.044585 0.043572

T (R)

400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640 660 680 700 720 740 760 780 800 820 840 860 880

0.24926 0.24917 0.24911 0.24907 0.24904 0.24904 0.24905 0.24909 0.24914 0.24923 0.24933 0.24947 0.24963 0.24982 0.25004 0.25029 0.25056 0.25087 0.25121 0.25158 0.25197 0.25239 0.25284 0.25332 0.25382

cp (Btu/lbm·R)

Table FE.1C Carbon Monoxide (CO)

0.0000094416 0.0000098161 0.000010183 0.000010542 0.000010895 0.000011241 0.000011581 0.000011915 0.000012244 0.000012567 0.000012885 0.000013198 0.000013506 0.000013810 0.000014110 0.000014405 0.000014696 0.000014984 0.000015268 0.000015548 0.000015825 0.000016099 0.000016369 0.000016636 0.000016901

␮ (lbm/ft·s) 0.000098285 0.00010733 0.00011667 0.00012631 0.00013623 0.00014644 0.00015693 0.00016768 0.00017871 0.00018999 0.00020153 0.00021332 0.00022537 0.00023765 0.00025017 0.00026293 0.00027593 0.00028915 0.00030260 0.00031627 0.00033016 0.00034427 0.00035859 0.00037313 0.00038788

v (ft2/s) 0.012131 0.012622 0.013103 0.013574 0.014037 0.014493 0.014941 0.015382 0.015818 0.016248 0.016672 0.017093 0.017509 0.017922 0.018331 0.018737 0.019141 0.019543 0.019943 0.020341 0.020738 0.021133 0.021528 0.021921 0.022314

k (Btu/h·ft·R)

0.00014073 0.00015385 0.00016740 0.00018138 0.00019578 0.00021059 0.00022581 0.00024142 0.00025741 0.00027378 0.00029053 0.00030764 0.00032510 0.00034292 0.00036108 0.00037958 0.00039841 0.00041757 0.00043705 0.00045685 0.00047696 0.00049739 0.00051811 0.00053914 0.00056047

␣ (ft2/s)

0.69837 0.69762 0.69695 0.69637 0.69585 0.69538 0.69496 0.69459 0.69425 0.69395 0.69367 0.69343 0.69321 0.69302 0.69285 0.69270 0.69256 0.69245 0.69235 0.69227 0.69221 0.69216 0.69212 0.69209 0.69207

Pr

page 196

␳ (lbm/ft3)

0.036478 0.027370 0.021902 0.018255 0.015649 0.013694 0.012174 0.010957 0.0099615 0.0091318 0.0084296 0.0078277 0.0073061 0.0068496 0.0064468 0.0060888 0.0057684 0.0054801 0.0052192 0.0049820 0.0047654 0.0045669 0.0043843 0.0042157 0.0040596 0.0039146 0.0037797 0.0036537 0.0035358 0.0034254 0.0033216 0.0032239 0.0031318 0.0030448

T (R)

150.00 200.00 250.00 300.00 350.00 400.00 450.00 500.00 550.00 600.00 650.00 700.00 750.00 800.00 850.00 900.00 950.00 1000.0 1050.0 1100.0 1150.0 1200.0 1250.0 1300.0 1350.0 1400.0 1450.0 1500.0 1550.0 1600.0 1650.0 1700.0 1750.0 1800.0

Table FE.1D Helium (He)

1.2417 1.2414 1.2413 1.2412 1.2412 1.2412 1.2412 1.2412 1.2412 1.2412 1.2412 1.2412 1.2412 1.2412 1.2412 1.2412 1.2412 1.2412 1.2412 1.2412 1.2412 1.2412 1.2412 1.2412 1.2412 1.2412 1.2412 1.2412 1.2412 1.2412 1.2412 1.2412 1.2412 1.2412

cp (Btu/lbm·R) 0.0000058611 0.0000068967 0.0000079843 0.0000090085 0.0000099848 0.000010923 0.000011828 0.000012707 0.000013561 0.000014395 0.000015211 0.000016009 0.000016792 0.000017560 0.000018316 0.000019059 0.000019791 0.000020513 0.000021225 0.000021928 0.000022622 0.000023307 0.000023985 0.000024655 0.000025319 0.000025975 0.000026626 0.000027270 0.000027908 0.000028540 0.000029167 0.000029789 0.000030406 0.000031018

␮ (lbm/ft·s) 0.00016067 0.00025198 0.00036455 0.00049349 0.00063804 0.00079760 0.00097163 0.0011597 0.0013614 0.0015764 0.0018044 0.0020451 0.0022983 0.0025637 0.0028410 0.0031302 0.0034310 0.0037432 0.0040667 0.0044014 0.0047470 0.0051035 0.0054707 0.0058485 0.0062368 0.0066355 0.0070445 0.0074636 0.0078928 0.0083320 0.0087812 0.0092401 0.0097088 0.010187

v (ft2/s) 0.037735 0.045745 0.053192 0.060218 0.066911 0.073331 0.079520 0.085512 0.091332 0.096998 0.10253 0.10793 0.11323 0.11842 0.12352 0.12853 0.13346 0.13831 0.14309 0.14781 0.15246 0.15706 0.16160 0.16608 0.17052 0.17490 0.17924 0.18354 0.18779 0.19201 0.19618 0.20032 0.20442 0.20849

k (Btu/h·ft·R) 0.00023141 0.00037399 0.00054350 0.00073824 0.00095690 0.0011984 0.0014619 0.0017466 0.0020520 0.0023773 0.0027221 0.0030860 0.0034685 0.0038693 0.0042881 0.0047244 0.0051780 0.0056487 0.0061361 0.0066401 0.0071604 0.0076967 0.0082490 0.0088170 0.0094005 0.0099994 0.010613 0.011243 0.011887 0.012545 0.013219 0.013906 0.014609 0.015325

␣ (ft2/s) 0.69432 0.67377 0.67075 0.66846 0.66678 0.66554 0.66463 0.66395 0.66345 0.66311 0.66287 0.66271 0.66261 0.66256 0.66255 0.66257 0.66261 0.66267 0.66276 0.66285 0.66296 0.66307 0.66319 0.66332 0.66345 0.66359 0.66373 0.66387 0.66401 0.66416 0.66430 0.66445 0.66460 0.66474

Pr

page 197

␳ (lbm/ft3)

0.015340 0.013801 0.012544 0.011497 0.010612 0.0098531 0.0091959 0.0086210 0.0081138 0.0076630 0.0072598 0.0068968 0.0065685 0.0062700 0.0059975 0.0057477 0.0055178 0.0053057 0.0051093 0.0049269 0.0047570 0.0045985 0.0044503 0.0043112 0.0041807 0.0040578 0.0039419

T (R)

180.00 200.00 220.00 240.00 260.00 280.00 300.00 320.00 340.00 360.00 380.00 400.00 420.00 440.00 460.00 480.00 500.00 520.00 540.00 560.00 580.00 600.00 620.00 640.00 660.00 680.00 700.00

Table FE.1E Hydrogen (H2)

2.6839 2.7598 2.8365 2.9108 2.9802 3.0437 3.1008 3.1516 3.1964 3.2356 3.2698 3.2997 3.3255 3.3479 3.3673 3.3839 3.3982 3.4103 3.4206 3.4292 3.4364 3.4423 3.4471 3.4509 3.4539 3.4563 3.4581

cp (Btu/lbm·R) 0.0000028153 0.0000030327 0.0000032418 0.0000034440 0.0000036404 0.0000038317 0.0000040184 0.0000042011 0.0000043802 0.0000045558 0.0000047283 0.0000048979 0.0000050648 0.0000052291 0.0000053909 0.0000055504 0.0000057077 0.0000058630 0.0000060162 0.0000061676 0.0000063171 0.0000064649 0.0000066110 0.0000067555 0.0000068985 0.0000070401 0.0000071802

␮ (lbm/ft·s) 0.00018353 0.00021974 0.00025843 0.00029956 0.00034306 0.00038888 0.00043698 0.00048731 0.00053984 0.00059452 0.00065131 0.00071017 0.00077107 0.00083398 0.00089886 0.00096568 0.0010344 0.0011050 0.0011775 0.0012518 0.0013279 0.0014059 0.0014855 0.0015670 0.0016501 0.0017350 0.0018215

v (ft2/s) 0.039511 0.043766 0.047959 0.052192 0.056338 0.060479 0.064653 0.068720 0.072706 0.076572 0.080356 0.084019 0.087618 0.091128 0.094536 0.097879 0.10111 0.10431 0.10740 0.11047 0.11350 0.11676 0.11999 0.12319 0.12624 0.12932 0.13233

k (Btu/h·ft·R) 0.00026657 0.00031918 0.00037441 0.00043322 0.00049485 0.00056018 0.00062982 0.00070258 0.00077873 0.00085785 0.00094030 0.0010256 0.0011142 0.0012059 0.0013003 0.0013979 0.0014979 0.0016014 0.0017071 0.0018163 0.0019286 0.0020490 0.0021727 0.0023000 0.0024286 0.0025613 0.0026966

␣ (ft2/s)

0.68847 0.68844 0.69025 0.69147 0.69326 0.69420 0.69382 0.69361 0.69323 0.69303 0.69266 0.69248 0.69203 0.69159 0.69126 0.69081 0.69057 0.69004 0.68978 0.68921 0.68855 0.68612 0.68372 0.68128 0.67945 0.67737 0.67548

Pr

page 198

␳ (lbm/ft3)

0.19464 0.12841 0.096040 0.076754 0.063934 0.054789 0.047935 0.042607 0.038346 0.034859 0.031955 0.029497 0.027390 0.025565 0.023967 0.022558 0.021305 0.020184 0.019175 0.018262 0.017432 0.016674 0.015980 0.015341 0.014751 0.014204 0.013697 0.013225 0.012784 0.012372 0.011985 0.011622 0.011281 0.010958

T (R)

200.00 300.00 400.00 500.00 600.00 700.00 800.00 900.00 1000.0 1100.0 1200.0 1300.0 1400.0 1500.0 1600.0 1700.0 1800.0 1900.0 2000.0 2100.0 2200.0 2300.0 2400.0 2500.0 2600.0 2700.0 2800.0 2900.0 3000.0 3100.0 3200.0 3300.0 3400.0 3500.0

Table FE.1F Nitrogen (N2)

0.25388 0.25004 0.24917 0.24890 0.24900 0.24957 0.25073 0.25249 0.25480 0.25754 0.26055 0.26373 0.26695 0.27014 0.27323 0.27620 0.27901 0.28166 0.28414 0.28646 0.28862 0.29062 0.29248 0.29421 0.29581 0.29730 0.29869 0.29997 0.30117 0.30229 0.30334 0.30432 0.30523 0.30609

cp (Btu/lbm·R) 0.0000051604 0.0000074278 0.0000094671 0.000011322 0.000013030 0.000014618 0.000016107 0.000017513 0.000018850 0.000020126 0.000021350 0.000022529 0.000023669 0.000024774 0.000025848 0.000026894 0.000027916 0.000028915 0.000029895 0.000030857 0.000031802 0.000032732 0.000033649 0.000034554 0.000035448 0.000036331 0.000037205 0.000038070 0.000038927 0.000039777 0.000040621 0.000041458 0.000042290 0.000043117

␮ (lbm/ft·s) 0.000026512 0.000057846 0.000098574 0.00014752 0.00020381 0.00026681 0.00033602 0.00041105 0.00049157 0.00057734 0.00066814 0.00076379 0.00086414 0.00096907 0.0010785 0.0011922 0.0013103 0.0014326 0.0015591 0.0016897 0.0018244 0.0019631 0.0021058 0.0022525 0.0024031 0.0025577 0.0027162 0.0028786 0.0030449 0.0032151 0.0033892 0.0035671 0.0037490 0.0039346

v (ft2/s) 0.0060360 0.0089427 0.011609 0.014076 0.016378 0.018548 0.020607 0.022574 0.024463 0.026285 0.028051 0.029766 0.031439 0.033074 0.034675 0.036246 0.037792 0.039313 0.040814 0.042296 0.043762 0.045212 0.046648 0.048072 0.049485 0.050888 0.052282 0.053668 0.055046 0.056418 0.057784 0.059144 0.060499 0.061851

k (Btu/h·ft·R) 0.000033930 0.000077369 0.00013476 0.00020466 0.00028579 0.00037680 0.00047628 0.00058288 0.00069548 0.00081331 0.00093586 0.0010629 0.0011944 0.0013303 0.0014708 0.0016160 0.0017660 0.0019209 0.0020809 0.0022459 0.0024162 0.0025917 0.0027725 0.0029587 0.0031503 0.0033473 0.0035498 0.0037578 0.0039713 0.0041903 0.0044149 0.0046450 0.0048808 0.0051221

␣ (ft2/s)

0.78139 0.74767 0.73146 0.72077 0.71315 0.70810 0.70552 0.70520 0.70681 0.70987 0.71393 0.71858 0.72350 0.72844 0.73324 0.73776 0.74196 0.74580 0.74925 0.75234 0.75507 0.75745 0.75953 0.76131 0.76283 0.76411 0.76518 0.76605 0.76674 0.76728 0.76767 0.76795 0.76811 0.76817

Pr

page 199

␳ (lbm/ft3)

0.22303 0.17691 0.14685 0.12562 0.10978 0.097513 0.087719 0.079719 0.073058 0.067427 0.062604 0.058425 0.054770 0.051546 0.048680 0.046117 0.043810 0.041723 0.039826 0.038094 0.036507 0.035046 0.033698 0.032450 0.031291 0.030212 0.029205 0.028263 0.027380 0.026551 0.025770 0.025034

T (R)

200.00 250.00 300.00 350.00 400.00 450.00 500.00 550.00 600.00 650.00 700.00 750.00 800.00 850.00 900.00 950.00 1000.0 1050.0 1100.0 1150.0 1200.0 1250.0 1300.0 1350.0 1400.0 1450.0 1500.0 1550.0 1600.0 1650.0 1700.0 1750.0

Table FE.1G Oxygen (O2)

0.22263 0.22043 0.21921 0.21866 0.21851 0.21869 0.21921 0.22005 0.22122 0.22266 0.22434 0.22620 0.22818 0.23025 0.23235 0.23446 0.23654 0.23859 0.24057 0.24248 0.24432 0.24608 0.24776 0.24936 0.25087 0.25231 0.25367 0.25497 0.25619 0.25735 0.25845 0.25949

cp (Btu/lbm·R) 0.0000057500 0.0000071165 0.0000084142 0.0000096497 0.000010829 0.000011958 0.000013041 0.000014083 0.000015087 0.000016057 0.000016996 0.000017906 0.000018790 0.000019649 0.000020486 0.000021302 0.000022098 0.000022876 0.000023638 0.000024384 0.000025115 0.000025832 0.000026536 0.000027228 0.000027908 0.000028578 0.000029237 0.000029887 0.000030527 0.000031158 0.000031781 0.000032397

␮ (lbm/ft·s) 0.000025781 0.000040227 0.000057297 0.000076818 0.000098640 0.00012263 0.00014867 0.00017666 0.00020651 0.00023814 0.00027149 0.00030648 0.00034307 0.00038120 0.00042082 0.00046191 0.00050441 0.00054829 0.00059353 0.00064009 0.00068795 0.00073708 0.00078746 0.00083907 0.00089189 0.00094590 0.0010011 0.0010574 0.0011149 0.0011735 0.0012333 0.0012941

v (ft2/s) 0.0058675 0.0073766 0.0088432 0.010266 0.011647 0.012988 0.014294 0.015565 0.016807 0.018020 0.019207 0.020370 0.021510 0.022631 0.023732 0.024815 0.025882 0.026934 0.027971 0.028994 0.030005 0.031004 0.031991 0.032968 0.033935 0.034892 0.035841 0.036780 0.037712 0.038636 0.039553 0.040463

k (Btu/h·ft·R) 0.000032826 0.000052546 0.000076305 0.00010382 0.00013486 0.00016918 0.00020648 0.00024647 0.00028886 0.00033340 0.00037988 0.00042815 0.00047810 0.00052967 0.00058282 0.00063752 0.00069377 0.00075157 0.00081094 0.00087190 0.00093444 0.00099859 0.0010644 0.0011318 0.0012008 0.0012715 0.0013438 0.0014178 0.0014934 0.0015707 0.0016497 0.0017303

␣ (ft2/s)

0.78540 0.76556 0.75088 0.73993 0.73142 0.72485 0.72001 0.71675 0.71491 0.71429 0.71467 0.71583 0.71756 0.71968 0.72205 0.72454 0.72706 0.72953 0.73190 0.73414 0.73621 0.73812 0.73984 0.74139 0.74275 0.74394 0.74497 0.74584 0.74656 0.74715 0.74760 0.74794

Pr

page 200

671.62 700.00 800.00 900.00 1000.0 1100.0 1200.0 1300.0 1400.0 1500.0 1600.0 1700.0 1800.0

T (R)

0.037310 0.035692 0.031049 0.027526 0.024738 0.022470 0.020587 0.018996 0.017635 0.016456 0.015426 0.014517 0.013709

␳ (lbm/ft3)

Table FE.1H Water Vapor (H2O)

0.49712 0.48506 0.47248 0.47362 0.47893 0.48593 0.49377 0.50215 0.51090 0.51992 0.52913 0.53846 0.54783

cp (Btu/lbm·R) 0.0000082439 0.0000086417 0.000010096 0.000011604 0.000013143 0.000014696 0.000016249 0.000017795 0.000019328 0.000020844 0.000022339 0.000023812 0.000025261

␮ (lbm/ft·s) 0.00022096 0.00024212 0.00032515 0.00042157 0.00053129 0.00065400 0.00078930 0.00093678 0.0010960 0.0012666 0.0014482 0.0016403 0.0018426

v (ft2/s) 0.014508 0.015144 0.017740 0.020736 0.024019 0.027527 0.031220 0.035072 0.039063 0.043178 0.047401 0.051723 0.056133

k (Btu/h·ft·R)

0.00021728 0.00024298 0.00033591 0.00044183 0.00056312 0.00070027 0.00085313 0.0010213 0.0012044 0.0014018 0.0016132 0.0018380 0.0020761

␣ (ft2/s)

1.0169 0.99647 0.96794 0.95416 0.94348 0.93392 0.92517 0.91722 0.91004 0.90356 0.89772 0.89241 0.88752

Pr

Appendix GE Thermo-Physical Properties of Selected Liquids

page 201

page 202

Pressure (psia)

0.0083906

0.012271

0.017653

0.025005

0.034906

0.048061

0.065323

0.087705

0.11640

0.15281

0.19853

0.25542

0.32558

0.41137

0.51543

0.64071

0.79045

0.96823

1.0009

1.1779

1.4238

1.7103

2.0425

2.4256

2.8651

3.3670

3.9377

4.5837

5.3120

6.1300

7.0453

8.0659

9.2001

10.457

11.844

Temperature (R)

500

510

520

530

540

550

560

570

580

590

600

610

620

630

640

650

660

670

671.67

680

690

700

710

720

730

740

750

760

770

780

790

800

810

820

830

54.833

55.212

55.582

55.943

56.295

56.639

56.974

57.301

57.619

57.930

58.232

58.525

58.811

59.088

59.357

59.617

59.828

59.869

60.112

60.346

60.571

60.786

60.992

61.187

61.371

61.544

61.705

61.853

61.987

62.107

62.210

62.296

62.362

62.405

62.423

Liquid Density (lbm/ft3)

0.38242

0.33942

0.30040

0.26507

0.23315

0.20439

0.17854

0.15538

0.13469

0.11627

0.099930

0.085489

0.072779

0.061639

0.051922

0.043486

0.037343

0.036201

0.029944

0.024602

0.020070

0.016249

0.013052

0.010396

0.0082072

0.0064186

0.0049701

0.0038081

0.0028854

0.0021605

0.0015975

0.0011656

0.00083847

0.00059414

0.00041430

Vapor Density (lbm/ft3)

1.0608

1.0551

1.0499

1.0450

1.0405

1.0363

1.0324

1.0288

1.0255

1.0225

1.0197

1.0171

1.0147

1.0126

1.0107

1.0089

1.0076

1.0073

1.0059

1.0046

1.0035

1.0025

1.0017

1.0009

1.0003

0.99977

0.99935

0.99907

0.99893

0.99897

0.99926

0.99988

1.0010

1.0027

1.0053

Liqid cp (Btm/lbm·R)

0.67313

0.65566

0.63916

0.62358

0.60892

0.59515

0.58225

0.57020

0.55900

0.54861

0.53901

0.53019

0.52209

0.51469

0.50795

0.50181

0.49714

0.49625

0.49121

0.48665

0.48253

0.47881

0.47545

0.47242

0.46967

0.46719

0.46492

0.46285

0.46094

0.45915

0.45748

0.45588

0.45436

0.45289

0.45149

Vapor cp (Btm/lbm·R)

Table GE.1 Thermo-Physical Properties of Saturated Water

0.000096366

0.000099476

0.00010280

0.00010635

0.00011016

0.00011426

0.00011867

0.00012343

0.00012858

0.00013418

0.00014026

0.00014689

0.00015414

0.00016210

0.00017085

0.00018050

0.00018932

0.00019118

0.00020306

0.00021630

0.00023112

0.00024780

0.00026665

0.00028806

0.00031253

0.00034066

0.00037325

0.00041129

0.00045611

0.00050947

0.00057376

0.00065227

0.00074972

0.00087297

0.0010323

Liquid Viscosity (lbm/ft·s)

0.000010281

0.000010152

0.000010024

0.0000098953

0.0000097668

0.0000096381

0.0000095094

0.0000093806

0.0000092517

0.0000091228

0.0000089938

0.0000088649

0.0000087361

0.0000086075

0.0000084790

0.0000083509

0.0000082445

0.0000082232

0.0000080961

0.0000079696

0.0000078439

0.0000077191

0.0000075953

0.0000074728

0.0000073516

0.0000072321

0.0000071143

0.0000069985

0.0000068850

0.0000067739

0.0000066656

0.0000065604

0.0000064587

0.0000063608

0.0000062672

Vapor Viscosity (lbm/ft·s)

0.38724

0.38871

0.39003

0.39120

0.39223

0.39311

0.39384

0.39443

0.39487

0.39516

0.39529

0.39526

0.39507

0.39471

0.39416

0.39341

0.39263

0.39246

0.39128

0.38986

0.38818

0.38622

0.38396

0.38137

0.37843

0.37513

0.37144

0.36737

0.36290

0.35806

0.35285

0.34732

0.34153

0.33554

0.32945

Liquid Therm. Cond. (Btu/h·ft·R)

0.021892

0.021318

0.020759

0.020215

0.019686

0.019172

0.018673

0.018188

0.017717

0.017261

0.016818

0.016390

0.015975

0.015574

0.015187

0.014812

0.014510

0.014451

0.014102

0.013765

0.013441

0.013129

0.012828

0.012538

0.012259

0.011990

0.011732

0.011484

0.011245

0.011016

0.010796

0.010586

0.010385

0.010194

0.010013

Vapor Therm. Cond. (Btu/h·ft·R)

0.95033

0.97208

0.99615

1.0227

1.0520

1.0843

1.1199

1.1590

1.2022

1.2499

1.3025

1.3607

1.4253

1.4971

1.5770

1.6664

1.7490

1.7666

1.8793

2.0066

2.1510

2.3156

2.5043

2.7217

2.9739

3.2684

3.6151

4.0266

4.5198

5.1171

5.8495

6.7601

7.9104

9.3912

11.341

Liquid Prandtl

1.1380

1.1241

1.1111

1.0989

1.0876

1.0771

1.0675

1.0587

1.0509

1.0438

1.0377

1.0324

1.0278

1.0240

1.0210

1.0185

1.0169

1.0166

1.0152

1.0143

1.0137

1.0135

1.0135

1.0137

1.0140

1.0144

1.0149

1.0155

1.0160

1.0164

1.0168

1.0171

1.0172

1.0173

1.0173

Vapor Prandtl

0.0027686

0.0028541

0.0029390

0.0030233

0.0031068

0.0031898

0.0032719

0.0033534

0.0034341

0.0035140

0.0035930

0.0036713

0.0037486

0.0038251

0.0039007

0.0039753

0.0040367

0.0040490

0.0041217

0.0041934

0.0042642

0.0043338

0.0044025

0.0044701

0.0045366

0.0046020

0.0046663

0.0047295

0.0047915

0.0048524

0.0049120

0.0049706

0.0050278

0.0050839

0.0051388

Surface Tension (lbm/ft)

0.00071176

0.00068858

0.00066641

0.00064515

0.00062468

0.00060494

0.00058582

0.00056727

0.00054920

0.00053154

0.00051424

0.00049722

0.00048042

0.00046379

0.00044726

0.00043077

0.00041701

0.00041425

0.00039763

0.00038085

0.00036382

0.00034646

0.00032867

0.00031034

0.00029136

0.00027156

0.00025078

0.00022879

0.00020534

0.00018009

0.00015262

0.00012234

0.000088515

0.000050080

0.0000055253

0.0017738

0.0017433

0.0017161

0.0016919

0.0016706

0.0016522

0.0016365

0.0016235

0.0016130

0.0016051

0.0015995

0.0015964

0.0015955

0.0015969

0.0016005

0.0016061

0.0016124

0.0016138

0.0016235

0.0016350

0.0016484

0.0016636

0.0016805

0.0016992

0.0017195

0.0017415

0.0017652

0.0017904

0.0018173

0.0018457

0.0018758

0.0019075

0.0019409

0.0019760

0.0020128

Liquid Vapor Expansion Expansion Coef. ␤ (1/R) Coef. ␤ (1/R)

830

820

810

800

790

780

770

760

750

740

730

720

710

700

690

680

671.67

670

660

650

640

630

620

610

600

590

580

570

560

550

540

530

520

510

500

T (R)

page 203

13.372

15.050

16.888

18.896

21.085

23.465

26.047

28.843

31.864

35.122

38.631

42.401

46.447

50.782

55.418

60.372

65.657

71.288

77.281

83.654

90.422

97.604

105.22

113.29

121.83

130.88

140.45

150.57

161.28

172.62

184.63

197.36

210.93

840

850

860

870

880

890

900

910

920

930

940

950

960

970

980

990

1000

1010

1020

1030

1040

1050

1060

1070

1080

1090

1100

1110

1120

1130

1140

1150

1160

27.112

30.606

32.872

34.639

36.108

37.385

38.530

39.575

40.541

41.443

42.291

43.092

43.852

44.576

45.268

45.932

46.569

47.184

47.776

48.348

48.902

49.439

49.959

50.464

50.955

51.433

51.897

52.349

52.790

53.219

53.638

54.046

54.445

13.517

10.640

9.0271

7.8653

6.9528

6.2031

5.5697

5.0241

4.5474

4.1264

3.7515

3.4154

3.1125

2.8382

2.5890

2.3620

2.1546

1.9649

1.7910

1.6314

1.4849

1.3503

1.2265

1.1128

1.0083

0.91220

0.82398

0.74301

0.66876

0.60073

0.53849

0.48160

0.42970

16.844

5.4907

3.6236

2.8022

2.3590

2.0863

1.9009

1.7657

1.6619

1.5793

1.5120

1.4560

1.4086

1.3680

1.3328

1.3020

1.2749

1.2507

1.2291

1.2097

1.1921

1.1762

1.1617

1.1484

1.1362

1.1249

1.1146

1.1050

1.0962

1.0880

1.0804

1.0734

1.0669

35.418

10.873

6.6196

4.8434

3.8558

3.2216

2.7778

2.4486

2.1943

1.9915

1.8259

1.6879

1.5711

1.4708

1.3837

1.3072

1.2395

1.1791

1.1248

1.0756

1.0309

0.99005

0.95248

0.91778

0.88561

0.85567

0.82770

0.80149

0.77687

0.75368

0.73181

0.71115

0.69161

0.000033800

0.000037757

0.000040460

0.000042663

0.000044571

0.000046297

0.000047908

0.000049440

0.000050917

0.000052356

0.000053770

0.000055168

0.000056560

0.000057952

0.000059353

0.000060768

0.000062204

0.000063666

0.000065161

0.000066695

0.000068274

0.000069903

0.000071591

0.000073343

0.000075167

0.000077071

0.000079063

0.000081153

0.000083351

0.000085666

0.000088112

0.000090700

0.000093446

0.000020665

0.000018466

0.000017316

0.000016522

0.000015915

0.000015424

0.000015012

0.000014658

0.000014347

0.000014069

0.000013817

0.000013586

0.000013372

0.000013173

0.000012985

0.000012807

0.000012637

0.000012474

0.000012317

0.000012165

0.000012018

0.000011873

0.000011732

0.000011594

0.000011458

0.000011323

0.000011190

0.000011058

0.000010927

0.000010797

0.000010667

0.000010538

0.000010409

0.25709

0.24024

0.24592

0.25286

0.25981

0.26663

0.27333

0.27993

0.28646

0.29292

0.29927

0.30550

0.31158

0.31748

0.32316

0.32862

0.33383

0.33878

0.34348

0.34792

0.35211

0.35606

0.35976

0.36323

0.36649

0.36953

0.37237

0.37502

0.37749

0.37977

0.38188

0.38383

0.38561

0.22216

0.13530

0.10565

0.088528

0.076921

0.068428

0.061926

0.056793

0.052644

0.049225

0.046359

0.043921

0.041817

0.039979

0.038352

0.036896

0.035579

0.034376

0.033267

0.032236

0.031271

0.030361

0.029498

0.028675

0.027888

0.027132

0.026403

0.025699

0.025017

0.024356

0.023713

0.023089

0.022483

7.9724

3.1066

2.1463

1.7020

1.4569

1.3042

1.1995

1.1226

1.0634

1.0163

0.97798

0.94652

0.92050

0.89898

0.88124

0.86678

0.85519

0.84616

0.83944

0.83482

0.83215

0.83130

0.83219

0.83473

0.83889

0.84463

0.85195

0.86085

0.87137

0.88355

0.89744

0.91313

0.93072

11.861

5.3425

3.9060

3.2541

2.8719

2.6142

2.4242

2.2751

2.1528

2.0491

1.9591

1.8796

1.8086

1.7446

1.6865

1.6334

1.5848

1.5402

1.4992

1.4613

1.4263

1.3939

1.3638

1.3359

1.3098

1.2856

1.2628

1.2416

1.2216

1.2028

1.1851

1.1685

1.1528

0.000016166

0.000066460

0.00012653

0.00019266

0.00026320

0.00033718

0.00041392

0.00049296

0.00057391

0.00065648

0.00074042

0.00082552

0.00091160

0.00099851

0.0010861

0.0011743

0.0012629

0.0013519

0.0014412

0.0015307

0.0016202

0.0017099

0.0017995

0.0018890

0.0019784

0.0020676

0.0021565

0.0022452

0.0023335

0.0024214

0.0025090

0.0025960

0.0026826

0.069836

0.018932

0.010783

0.0073323

0.0055396

0.0044671

0.0037539

0.0032426

0.0028564

0.0025535

0.0023093

0.0021082

0.0019397

0.0017964

0.0016731

0.0015657

0.0014714

0.0013878

0.0013131

0.0012460

0.0011853

0.0011300

0.0010796

0.0010332

0.00099039

0.00095076

0.00091391

0.00087952

0.00084732

0.00081707

0.00078856

0.00076161

0.00073606

0.13140

0.038052

0.022209

0.015694

0.012124

0.0098661

0.0083084

0.0071700

0.0063030

0.0056220

0.0050738

0.0046240

0.0042488

0.0039317

0.0036607

0.0034268

0.0032232

0.0030447

0.0028873

0.0027476

0.0026231

0.0025117

0.0024115

0.0023213

0.0022398

0.0021659

0.0020989

0.0020381

0.0019828

0.0019325

0.0018868

0.0018453

0.0018078

1160

1150

1140

1130

1120

1110

1100

1090

1080

1070

1060

1050

1040

1030

1020

1010

1000

990

980

970

960

950

940

930

920

910

900

890

880

870

860

850

840

page 204

␳ (lbm/ft3)

98.020 96.169 94.295 92.392 90.454 88.471 86.435 84.332 82.149 79.866 77.458 74.893 72.124 69.084 65.668 61.692 56.764 49.604

T (R)

320 340 360 380 400 420 440 460 480 500 520 540 560 580 600 620 640 660

0.28344 0.28536 0.28818 0.29162 0.29555 0.29994 0.30482 0.31028 0.31648 0.32363 0.33208 0.34236 0.35535 0.37260 0.39729 0.43705 0.51761 0.81814

cp (Btm/lbm·R) 0.0010698 0.00076562 0.00058280 0.00046169 0.00037618 0.00031292 0.00026436 0.00022594 0.00019475 0.00016886 0.00014692 0.00012798 0.00011134 0.000096446 0.000082849 0.000070113 0.000057656 0.000044059

␮ (lbm/ft·s)

v (ft2/s) 0.000010914 0.0000079612 0.0000061806 0.0000049971 0.0000041588 0.0000035370 0.0000030585 0.0000026792 0.0000023708 0.0000021143 0.0000018967 0.0000017088 0.0000015437 0.0000013961 0.0000012616 0.0000011365 0.0000010157 0.00000088822

Table GE.2 Thermo-Physical Properties of Saturated Refrigerant-134a

0.081199 0.077450 0.073859 0.070409 0.067090 0.063890 0.060795 0.057793 0.054872 0.052019 0.049217 0.046451 0.043703 0.040950 0.038166 0.035322 0.032407 0.029858

k (Btu/h·ft·R) 0.00000081183 0.00000078396 0.00000075499 0.00000072588 0.00000069710 0.00000066879 0.00000064096 0.00000061351 0.00000058628 0.00000055904 0.00000053150 0.00000050324 0.00000047367 0.00000044190 0.00000040637 0.00000036389 0.00000030638 0.00000020437

␣ (ft2/s)

13.443 10.155 8.1863 6.8841 5.9659 5.2886 4.7718 4.3670 4.0437 3.7820 3.5687 3.3957 3.2590 3.1592 3.1047 3.1231 3.3152 4.3461

Pr

0.00093918 0.00096800 0.0010011 0.0010394 0.0010842 0.0011372 0.0012003 0.0012767 0.0013704 0.0014876 0.0016376 0.0018351 0.0021052 0.0024940 0.0030970 0.0041552 0.0065166 0.016461

␤ (1/R)

Appendix HE Thermo-Physical Properties of Hydrocarbon Fuels

Table HE.1 Selected Properties of Hydrocarbon Fuels: Enthalpy of Formation,a Gibbs Function of Formation,a Entropy,a and Higher and Lower Heating Values All at 298.15 K and 1 atm; Boiling Pointsb and Latent Heat of Vaporizationc at 1 atm; Constant-Pressure Adiabatic Flame Temperature at 1 atm;d Liquid Densityc

Formula

Fuel

Molecular Weight (lb/lbmol)

hⴗf (Btu/ lbmol)

⌬ g ⴗf (Btu/ lbmol)

sⴗ (Btu/ lbmol⭈R)

HHV* (Btu/ lbm)

LHV* (Btu/ lbm)

Boiling Pt. (⬚F)

hfg (Btu/ lbm)

†

Tad (R)

r ‡liq (Ibm/ ft3)

CH4

Methane

16.043

⫺30873.6

⫺20956.5

42.6761

23,873

21,503

⫺263.2

219

4007

18.7

C2H2

Acetylene

26.038

93551.1

86311.2

46.0297

21,463

20,733

⫺119.2

—

4570

—

C2H4

Ethene

28.054

21570.8

28106.4

50.3865

21,631

20,276

⫺154.7

—

4264

—

C2H6

Ethane

30.069

⫺34931.7

⫺13568.0

52.6018

22,313

20,417

⫺127.5

210

4066

23.1

C3H6

Propene

42.080

8422.4

25876.0

61.1850

21,039

19,684

⫺53.32

188

4201

32.1

C3H8

Propane

44.096

⫺42844.9

⫺9691.0

61.8660

21,654

19,930

⫺43.78

183

4081

31.2

C4H8

1-Butene

56.107

483.541

29720.4

70.4682

20,839

19,484

⫺81.40

168

4180

37.1

C4H10

n-Butane

58.123

⫺51462.0

⫺6480.4

71.0628

21,301

19,666

31.10

166

4086

36.1

C5H10

1-Pentene

70.134

⫺8631.1

32430.7

79.6749

20,702

19,347

86.00

154

4165

40.0

C5H12

n-Pentane

72.150

⫺60417.8

⫺3383.5

79.8571

21,080

19,499

96.98

154

4090

39.1

C6H6

Benzene

78.113

34213.8

53494.0

61.7030

18,176

17,446

176.2

169

4216

54.9

C6H12

1-Hexene

84.161

⫺17193.3

35905.4

88.4690

20,617

19,262

146.1

144

4154

42.0

C6H14

n-Hexane

86.177

⫺68980.1

86.2287

88.6608

20,936

19,392

156.2

144

4091

41.1

C7H14

1-Heptene

98.188

⫺25634.3

39427.1

97.2727

20,558

19,202

200.5

—

4149

—

C7H16

n-Heptane

100.20

⫺77490.3

3608.0

97.4742

20,832

19,315

209.1

136

4093

42.7

C8H16

1-Octene

112.21

⫺34213.8

42965.8

106.076

20,512

19,157

250.3

—

4144

—

C8H18

n-Octane

114.23

⫺86000.5

7146.67

106.278

20,755

19,257

258.3

129

4095

43.9

C9H18

1-Nonene

126.24

⫺42706.7

46504.5

114.890

20,478

19,122

—

—

4140

—

C9H20

n-Nonane

128.26

⫺94493.5

10668.0

115.082

20,694

19,212

303.4

127

4097

44.8

C10H20

1-Decene

140.27

⫺51217.0

50043.2

123.693

20,449

19,094

339.1

—

4136

—

C10H22

n-Decane

142.28

⫺103004

14206.7

123.895

20,645

19,175

345.4

119

4099

45.6

C11H22

1-Undecene

154.30

⫺59727.2

53564.9

132.497

20,426

19,071

—

—

4133

—

C11H24

n-Undecane

156.31

⫺111514

17745.8

132.699

20,604

19,145

384.6

114

4099

46.2

C12H24

1-Dodecene

168.32

⫺68220.5

57103.6

141.301

20,408

19,052

416.1

—

4131

—

C12H26

n-Dodecane

170.34

⫺120539

—

—

20,568

19,117

421.3

110

4099

46.8

*Based on gaseous fuel. †For stoichiometric combustion with air (79% N2, 21% O2). ‡For liquids at 20⬚C or for gases at the boiling point of the liquefied gas. Sources: a Rossini, F. D., et al., Selected Values of Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Hydrocarbons and Related Compounds, Carnegie Press, Pittsburgh, PA, 1953. b Weast, R. C. (Ed.), Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 56th ed., CRC Press, Cleveland, OH, 1976. c Obert, E. F., Internal Combustion Engines and Air Pollution, Harper & Row, New York, 1973. d Turns, S. R., An Introduction to Combustion, 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 2000.

page 205

Appendix IE Thermo-Physical Properties of Selected Solids

page 207

page 208 Melting

2405 4896

3258

Gold

Iridium

Iron Pure

Armco (99.75% pure)

2180

Germanium

2687

Constantan (55% Cu, 45% Ni)

2444

Copper Pure

2138

3184

Cobalt

Cartridge brass (70% Cu, 30% Zn)

3812

Chromium

1987

1069

Cadmium

Phosphor gear bronze (89% Cu, 11% Sn)

4631

Boron

2327

981.0

Bismuth

Commercial bronze (90% Cu, 10% Al)

2790

1395

1679

Point (R)

Alloy 195, Cast (4.5% Cu) Beryllium

Alloy 2024-T6 (4.5% Cu, 1.5% Mg, 0.6% Mn)

Aluminum Pure

Composition

491.3

491.3

1404.6

1204.8

334.6

556.9

532.5

548.1

549.4

557.7

553.2

447.0

540.0

156.1

610.5

174.2 115.5

172.9

168.7

␳ (lbm/ft3)

0.107

0.107

0.031

0.031

0.077

0.092

0.091

0.085

0.100

0.092

0.101

0.107

0.055

0.264

0.029

0.211 0.436

0.209

0.216

cp (Btu/lbm ⴢ R)

42.0

46.3

84.9

183.2

34.6

13.3

63.6

31.2

30.0

231.7

57.3

54.1

55.9

15.6

4.5

97.1 115.6

102.3

136.9

k (Btu/hr ⴢftⴢR)

Properties at 540 R

Table IE.1 Thermo-Physical Properties of Selected Metallic Solidsa

223

249

541

1367

374

72

365

183

151

1259

286

313

521

105

71

734 637

786

1045

␣ⴢ106 (ft2/s)

0.0943

0.0860 11.0 0.0865 55.9 0.0693 187 0.0296 88.4 0.0291

9.82 0.0566 134 0.0454 189 0.0260 99.4 0.0215 77.4 0.0516 55.2 0.0514

54.3 0.0917 46.6 0.0917

— 79.2

— 54.9

40.2 0.117 38.0 0.117

25.0 0.0805 180 0.0313 83.2 0.0318

0.110 37.6

0.187 23.7

43.3

227 0.0948 30.0

0.221 101 93.0 0.523 4.07 0.0303 9.71 0.349 54.7 0.0578 52.5 0.116 49.3 0.107

139 0.227 107

720

239 0.0850 24.3

279 0.0602

174 0.266 5.60 0.0287 32.1 0.143 57.4 0.0530 64.1 0.0917 70.5 0.0905

0.188

0.113 572 0.0485 9.53 0.0268 110 0.0306 117 0.0473 91.9 0.0459 96.5 0.0564

137 0.191 94.2

360

175 0.115 37.6

180

31.6 0.137 30.7 0.137

15.8 0.0831 172 0.0322 79.7 0.0330

0.102

— 86.1

0.130 42.8

219 0.0996 34.1

46.6 0.129 38.9 0.120

6.12 0.452

0.249 107 72.8 0.622

133 0.247 107

1080

25.0 0.162 24.4 0.162

11.4 0.0853 164 0.0334 76.3 0.0344

211 0.103

41.2 0.139 33.6 0.131

5.55 0.516

61.2 0.674

126 0.274

1440

19.0 0.233 18.7 0.233

10.1 0.0896 156 0.0346 72.8 0.0365

203 0.108

37.8 0.147 30.1 0.150

5.69 0.558

52.5 0.721

1800

16.4 0.145 16.6 0.145

10.1 0.0943 147 0.0370 69.3 0.0385

196 0.115

35.8 0.163 28.5 0.175

45.5 0.771

2160

18.5 0.156 18.1 0.156

64.1 0.0411

33.1 0.186 24.6 0.161

0.841

2700

k (Btu/hr ⴢft·R) and cp (Btu/lbm ⴢR) at Various Temperatures (R)

28.5 0.224

3600

4500

page 209

3006

5209

3110

Molybdenum

Nickel Pure 3010

1661

Magnesium

Nichrome (80% Ni, 20% Cr)

1082

Lead

524.4

555.6

639.3

108.6

707.9

498.0

493.2

AISI 304

AISI 347

502.9

Stainless steels AISI 302

514.3

489.2

1 Cr –V (0.2% C, 1.02% Cr, 0.15% V)

AISI 316

490.6

1 Cr–1/2 Mo (0.16% C, 1% Cr, 0.54% Mo, 0.39% Si)

488.3

507.6

Carbon–manganese–silicon (1% ⬍ Mn ⱕ 1.65%, 0.1% < Si ⱕ 0.6%)

Chromium (low) steels 1/2 Cr–1/4 Mo–Si (0.18% C, 0.65% Cr, 0.23% Mo, 0.6% Si)

488.0

Carbon–silicon (Mn ⱕ 1%, 0.1% ⬍ Si ⱕ 0.6%)

0.104

490.3

0.100

0.106

0.060

0.245

0.031

0.115

0.112

0.114

0.115

0.106

0.106

0.106

0.104

0.107

0.104

0.111 0.113 0.116

489.0 487.0 484.0

488.9

0.110 0.100

490.0 454.0

AISI 1010

Iron Wrought iron* (C ⬍0.5%) Cast iron* (C ≈ 4%) Carbon steels Carbon steel* (C ≈ 0.5%) Carbon steel* (C ≈ 1.0%) Carbon steel* (C ≈ 1.5%) Carbon steels Plain carbon (Mn ⱕ 1%, Si ⱕ 0.1%)

6.9

52.4

79.7

90.1

20.4

8.2

7.7

8.6

8.7

28.3

24.4

21.8

23.7

30.0

36.9

35.0

31.2 24.8 20.8

34.1 30.0

37

248

578

943

259

40

37

43

42

152

131

117

125

160

202

191

158 126 104

175 183

94.8 0.0554

22.9 0.0282 97.7 0.155 103 0.0337

5.32 0.0650

48.0

61.8 0.0915

21.2 0.0299 91.9 0.223 82.6 0.0535

7.28 0.0960

32.9 24.8 20.8

34.7

0.137 11.6 0.134 11.4 0.133 10.6 0.131 10.9 0.134 18.1 0.0339 86.1 0.279 72.8 0.0657

0.118 10.00 0.122 9.59 0.123 8.78 0.120 9.13 0.123 19.6 0.0315 88.4 0.257 77.4 0.0623

0.115

0.125

37.9 0.141 9.25

0.137 24.3

0.118 27.0

46.3 0.116 8.09

0.008 22.6

0.134

0.116

0.118 24.3

0.139 22.9

0.120 24.4

21.2

0.134 28.2 0.134 25.4

0.116 33.9 0.116 28.8

22.1

27.7

25.4 22.5 19.6

27.2

32.8

29.5 24.8 20.8

32.4

0.130

39.1 0.127 12.1

84.4 0.303 68.2 0.0681

0.164 13.2 0.140 13.1 0.139 12.3 0.138 12.7 0.140

0.164 21.0

0.164 19.9

19.2

0.164

0.167 20.2

0.164 22.7 0.164 21.6

22.7

22.0 19.6 18.5

22.5

41.5 0.134

64.7 0.0705

0.231 14.7 0.145 14.7 0.146 14.0 0.144 14.3 0.145

0.231 16.3

0.231 15.8

15.5

0.260

0.232 15.9

0.279 18.1 0.279 16.9

17.3

18.5 17.3 16.8

19.6

44.0 0.142

60.7 0.0736

16.2 0.153

17.3 16.2 16.2

19.1

47.7 0.147

56.6 0.0788

18.3 0.163

17.9 16.8 16.8

19.1

52.0 0.0908

(continued)

49.7 0.110

page 210 Melting

3681

Platinum Pure

4025 3033 2223 5884 3641 909 3515 6588 2531 3946 1247 3825

Rhodium

Silicon

Silver

Tantalum

Thorium

Tin

Titanium

Tungsten

Uranium

Vanadium

Zinc

Zirconium

410.1

445.7

380.8

1190.5

1204.8

280.9

456.3

730.4

1036.3

655.5

145.5

777.2

1317.2

1038.2

1339.1

750.4

535.0

531.3

␳ (lbm/ft3)

0.066

0.093

0.117

0.028

0.032

0.125

0.054

0.028

0.033

0.056

0.170

0.058

0.032

0.039

0.032

0.058

0.063

0.105

cp (Btu/lbm ⴢ R)

13.1

67.0

17.7

15.9

100.5

12.7

38.5

31.2

33.2

247.9

85.5

86.7

27.7

27.2

41.4

41.5

31.0

6.8

k (Btu/hr ⴢ ftⴢR)

Properties at 540 R

133

450

111

135

735

100

432

421

266

1873

960

534

180

187

270

264

254

33

␣ⴢ106 (ft2/s)

34.0 0.0232 107 0.0351 511 0.0619 257 0.0447 34.2 0.0263 34.6 0.0236 49.2 0.0449 17.6 0.0717 120 0.0208 12.5 0.0225 20.7 0.0616 67.6 0.0709 19.2 0.0490

29.5 0.0303 89.0 0.0525 153 0.1328 248 0.0537 33.2 0.0318 31.5 0.0268 42.4 0.0514 14.2 0.111 107 0.0291 14.5 0.0258 18.1 0.103 68.2 0.0877 14.6 0.0631

41.9 0.0299

0.0889 30.4 0.0595 41.4 0.0542

— 31.9 0.0449 44.2 0.0401 44.8 0.0239

5.95

360

5.03

180

— 25.5 0.0346 78.6 0.0654 35.8 0.207 238 0.0597 33.9 0.0349 32.2 0.0320

— 26.6 0.0332 84.4 0.0604 57.1 0.189 246 0.0571 33.4 0.0344 31.5 0.0296 35.9 0.0580 11.8 0.132 91.9 0.0327 17.1 0.0299 18.1 0.123 64.1 0.0960 12.5 0.0717 11.2 0.141 79.2 0.0339 19.6 0.0349 19.2 0.129 59.5 0.104 12.0 0.0769

42.3 0.0337 34.1

0.122 33.6 0.0676 46.1 0.0623

9.82

1080

41.5 0.0325 30.0

0.113 31.9 0.0654 42.5 0.0600

7.80

720

12.5 0.0817

11.4 0.151 72.2 0.0346 22.4 0.0420 20.6 0.134

— 25.5 0.0361 73.4 0.0700 24.4 0.218 229 0.0626 34.3 0.0356 32.9 0.0346

43.7 0.0349 37.6

0.130 35.4 0.0697 50.2 0.0647

11.8

1440

13.7 0.0865

12.0 0.161 68.2 0.0353 25.4 0.0430 22.1 0.143

— 25.8 0.0373 69.9 0.0743 18.0 0.226 219 0.0662 34.8 0.0363 32.9 0.0373

45.5 0.0363 39.9

0.150 37.2 0.0719 54.4 0.0671

13.9

1800

15.0 0.0822

12.7 0.148 65.3 0.0363 28.3 0.0385 23.6 0.154

— 26.4 0.0387 67.0 0.0781 14.8 0.231 209 0.0697 35.2 0.0370 33.9 0.0399

47.7 0.0375 42.2

— 39.0 0.0740 58.9 0.0695

15.9

2160

16.6 0.0822

25.8 0.171

14.2 0.164 61.8 0.0375

35.9 0.0382

— 27.6 0.0408 63.6 0.0834 13.1 0.237

51.7 0.0394 43.9

— 41.7 0.0774 63.6 0.0733

19.1

2700

k (Btu/hr ⴢft·R) and cp (Btu/lbm ⴢR) at Various Temperatures (R)

19.1 0.0822

29.4 0.207

57.8 0.0399

37.0 0.0411

30.0 0.0444 64.7 0.0898

57.4 0.0428

45.7 0.0829

3600

54.9 0.0420

37.9 0.0451

4500

Source: aAdapted from Incropera, F. P., and DeWitt, D. P., Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 3rd ed., Wiley, New York, 1990, with permission. Data for wrought iron, cast iron, and various carbon steels adapted from Chapman, A. J., Fundamentals of Heat Transfer, Macmillan, New York, 1987.

6215

Rhenium

3240

3289

Palladium

Alloy 60Pt–40Rh (60% Pt, 40% Rh)

4934

2997

Point (R)

Niobium

Inconel X-750 (73% Ni, 15% Cr, 6.7% Fe)

Composition

Table IE.1 (continued)

page 211

Melting

247.8 187.3

129.8

121.7

4181

4905

4631

1062

2700

Boron

Boron fiber epoxy (30% vol) composite k, || to fibers k, ⊥ to fibers cp Carbon Amorphous

138.0

87.4

162.3

4091

810.0

2921

5580

Silicon carbide

259.5

0.170

0.056

4.85

7.51

0.12

9.25

0.178

6.01 3.59

283.1

2.30

6.41 0.50

1127 3.29

1329

0.92

1.32 0.34

15.9

157.2

20.8

26.6

k (Btu/hr ⴢftⴢ R)

30.1

65.7

1.52

103.9

0.80

2476

20.3

—

107.5

947.2

128.1

162.5

␣ⴢ 106 (ft2/s)

22.5 12.0 — 8.98 — — — 0.10 0.096

3.29 0.27 0.080 3.03 —

2872 9.71 0.032

0.39 — 5778 0.005

1.21 0.21 0.087

110 —

260 — 76.9 —

180

9.48 5.49 — 0.40 — — 0.138 0.11 0.145

5.03 0.39 0.153 2.76 —

1866 5.33 0.098

0.68 — 2311 0.046

1.29 0.28 0.181

30.3 —

47.4 — 31.8 —

360

5.89 0.061 4.05 0.192

4.39 2.72 0.211 0.66 0.216 8.03 0.186

7.51 0.64 0.290 2.10 0.217 — 0.210

803 2.36 0.237

1.09 — 890 0.204

1.32 0.35 0.342

18.7 0.225 15.3 0.225 113 0.322 10.8 0.356

720

3.81 0.065 2.90 0.210

2.89 1.96 0.257 0.87 0.248 6.53 0.224

1.90 0.248 — 0.251

515 1.55 0.336

1.27 —

10.9 0.265 9.13 0.265 64.1 0.404 6.53 0.449

1080

2.72 0.068 2.28 0.217

2.43 1.79 0.299 1.01 0.264 5.71 0.254

1.78 0.268 — 0.271

385 1.16 0.394

1.37 —

7.5 0.282 6.01 0.282 40.4 0.445 4.68 0.510

1440

2.13 0.070 2.00 0.222

1.25 0.276 5.06 0.276

1.71 0.286 50.3 0.285

309 0.92 0.428

1.46 —

6.1 0.293 4.54 0.293 27.2 0.472 3.64 0.561

1800

1.80 0.072 1.90 0.226

1.66 0.285 4.62 0.293

1.66 0.302 33.5 0.297

259 0.77 0.451

1.64 —

3.78 — 19.1 0.491 3.00 0.610

2160

1.58 0.075

4.14 0.312

2.31

1.61 0.358 17.3 0.313

206 0.62 0.471

2.01 —

3.27 — 12.4 0.512

2700

k (Btu/hr ⴢ ft·R) and cp (Btu/lbm ⴢ R) at Various Temperatures (R)

Source: aAdapted from Incropera, F. P., and Dewitt, D. P., Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 3rd ed., Wiley, New York, 1990, with permission.

3839

6431

Thorium dioxide

Titanium dioxide, polycrystalline

129.2

705.6

Sulfur 568.7

0.165

149.8 0.169

0.178 138.6

3389

165.4

0.161

0.223 0.193

0.169

0.122

—

0.268

0.264

0.246

0.183

0.183

cp (Btu/lbm ⴢR)

Silicon dioxide, crystalline (quartz) 3389 k, || to c axis k, ⊥ to c axis cp Silicon dioxide, polycrystalline (fused silica) Silicon nitride 3911

197.3

218.5

—

Diamond, type lla insulator Graphite, pyrolytic k, || to layers k, ⊥ to layers cp Graphite fiber epoxy (25% vol) composite k, heat flow || to fibers k, heat flow ⊥ to fibers cp Pyroceram, Corning 9606

156.1

247.8

␳ (lbm/ft3)

4181

Point (R)

Aluminum oxide, sapphire Aluminum oxide, polycrystalline Beryllium oxide

Composition

Properties at 540 R

Table IE.2 Thermo-Physical Properties of Selected Nonmetallic Solidsa

1.44 0.079

3.58 0.329

. 151 0.47 0.488

3.47 — 8.67 0.657

3600

212

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table IE.3 Thermo-Physical Properties of Common Materialsa Description/ Composition Asphalt Bakelite Brick, refractory Carborundum Chrome brick

Diatomaceous silica, fired Fire clay, burnt 1600 K

Fire clay, burnt 1725 K

Fire clay brick

Magnesite

Clay Coal, anthracite Concrete (stone mix) Cotton Foodstuffs Banana (75.7% water content) Apple, red (75% water content) Cake, batter Cake, fully baked Chicken meat, white (74.4% water content)

Glass Plate (soda lime) Pyrex Ice Leather (sole) Paper Paraffin Rock Granite, Barre Limestone, Salem Marble, Halston

Temperature (R)

Density, ␳ (lbm/ft3)

Thermal Conductivity, k(Btu/hr·ft·R)

Specific Heat, cp (Btu/lbm·R)

540 540

132.0 81.16

0.036 0.809

0.220 0.350

1570 3010 851 1481 2111 860 2061 1391 1931 2471 1391 1931 2471 860 1660 2660 860 1660 2660 540 540 540 540

— — 187.9 — — — — 128.0 — — 145.1 — — 165.1 — — — — — 91.14 84.28 143.6 4.994

10.69 6.356 1.329 1.445 1.156 0.144 0.173 0.578 0.636 0.636 0.751 0.809 0.809 0.578 0.867 1.040 2.196 1.618 1.098 0.751 0.150 0.809 0.035

— — 0.199 — — — — 0.229 — — 0.229 — — 0.229 — — 0.270 — — 0.210 0.301 0.210 0.311

540 540 540 540 356 419 455 473 491 509 527

61.18 52.44 44.95 17.48 — — — — — — —

0.278 0.296 0.129 0.070 0.925 0.861 0.780 0.693 0.275 0.277 0.283

0.800 0.860 — — — — — — — — —

540 540 491 455 540 540 540

156.1 138.9 57.43 — 62.30 58.06 56.18

0.809 0.809 1.086 1.173 0.092 0.104 0.139

0.179 0.199 0.487 0.465 — 0.320 0.690

540 540 540

164.2 144.8 167.3

1.612 1.242 1.618

0.185 0.193 0.198

Appendix IE

Thermo-Physical Properties of Selected Solids

Temperature (R)

Density, ␳ (lbm/ft3)

Thermal Conductivity, k(Btu/hr·ft·R)

Specific Heat, cp (Btu/lbm·R)

Quartzite, Sioux Sandstone, Berea Rubber, vulcanized Soft Hard Sand Soil Snow

540 540

164.8 134.2

3.109 1.676

0.264 0.178

540 540 540 540 491

Teflon

540 720

68.67 74.29 94.58 128.0 6.867 31.21 137.3 —

0.075 0.092 0.156 0.300 0.028 0.110 0.202 0.260

0.480 — 0.191 0.439 — — — —

540 540 540

— — —

0.214 0.116 0.237

— — —

540 540 540 540 540 540

8.740 29.03 25.91 34.02 39.95 27.16

0.032 0.056 0.064 0.098 0.087 0.064

— — 0.650 0.570 0.670 —

540 540

34.02 26.22

0.110 0.081

0.570 0.650

Description/ Composition

Tissue, human Skin Fat layer (adipose) Muscle Wood, cross grain Balsa Cypress Fir Oak Yellow pine White pine Wood, radial Oak Fir

Source: aAdapted from Incropera, F. P., and DeWitt, D. P., Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 3rd ed., Wiley, New York, 1990, with permission.

213

214

Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering

Table IE.4 Thermo-Physical Properties of Structural Building Materialsa Typical Properties at 540 R

Description/Composition Building boards Asbestos–cement board Gypsum or plaster board Plywood Sheathing, regular density Acoustic tile Hardboard, siding Hardboard, high density Particle board, low density Particle board, high density Woods Hardwoods (oak, maple) Softwoods (fir, pine) Masonry materials Cement mortar Brick, common Brick, face Clay tile, hollow 1 cell deep, 10 cm thick 3 cells deep, 30 cm thick Concrete block, 3 oval cores sand/gravel, 20 cm thick cinder aggregate, 20 cm thick Concrete block, rectangular core 2 cores, 20 cm thick, 16 kg same with filled cores Plastering materials Cement plaster, sand aggregate Gypsum plaster, sand aggregate Gypsum plaster, vermiculite aggregate Blanket and batt Glass fiber, paper faced

Glass fiber, coated; duct liner Board and slab Cellular glass Glass fiber, organic bonded Polystyrene, expanded extruded (R-12) molded beads Mineral fiberboard; roofing material Wood, shredded/cemented Cork Loose fill Cork, granulated Diatomaceous silica, coarse powder Diatomaceous silica, fine powder

Thermal Conductivity, k (Btu/hr·ft·R)

Specific Heat, cp (Btu/lbm·R)

120 50 34 18 18 40 63 37 62

0.335 0.098 0.069 0.032 0.034 0.054 0.087 0.045 0.098

— — 0.290 0.311 0.320 0.279 0.330 0.311 0.311

45 32

0.092 0.069

0.300 0.330

116 120 130

0.416 0.416 0.751

0.186 0.199 —

— —

0.300 0.399

— —

— —

0.578 0.387

— —

— —

0.636 0.347

— —

116 105 45

0.416 0.127 0.144

— 0.259 —

1.0 1.7 2.5 2.0

0.027 0.022 0.020 0.022

— — — 0.199

9.1 6.6

0.034 0.021

0.239 0.190

3.4 1.0 17 22 7.5

0.016 0.023 0.028 0.050 0.023

0.289 0.289 — 0.380 0.430

10 22 25 12 17

0.026 0.040 0.053 0.030 0.035

— — — — —

Density, ␳ (lbm/ft3)

Appendix IE

Thermo-Physical Properties of Selected Solids

215

Typical Properties at 540 R

Description/Composition Glass, fiber, poured or blown Vermiculite, flakes Formed/foamed-in-place Mineral wool granules with asbestos/inorganic binders, sprayed Polyvinyl acetate cork mastic; sprayed or troweled Urethane, two-part mixture; rigid foam Reflective Aluminum foil separating fluffy glass mats; 10–12 layers; evacuated; for cryogenic applications (150 K) Aluminum foil and glass paper laminate; 75–150 layers; evacuated; for cryogenic application (150 K) Typical silica powder, evacuated

Density, ␳ (lbm/ft3)

Thermal Conductivity, k (Btu/hr·ft·R)

Specific Heat, cp (Btu/lbm·R)

1.0 5.0 10

0.025 0.039 0.036

0.199 0.199 0.239

12

0.027

—

—

0.058

—

4.4

0.015

0.250

2.5

0.0000925

—

7.5

0.0000098

—

10

0.001

—

Source: aAdapted from Incropera, F. P., and DeWitt, D. P., Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 3rd ed., Wiley, New York, 1990, with permission.

page 216

4.00 5.99 7.99 3.12–7.80 3.12 7.49

11.9 15.9 18.7

864 1314 1656

756 756 756

Felt, semirigid; organic bonded Felt, laminated; no binder Blocks, boards, and pipe insulations Asbestos paper, laminated and corrugated 4-ply 6-ply 8-ply

0.624 0.749 0.999 1.50 2.00 3.00 3.00

810

2754

6.00–12.0 2.50–6.00

Typical Density (lbm/ft3)

1656 1467

Max Service Temp (R)

Blanket, alumina– silica fiber

Blankets Blanket, mineral fiber, metal reinforced Blanket, mineral fiber, glass; fine fiber, organic bonded

Description/ Composition

0.013

360

0.014

387

Table IE.5 Thermo-Physical Properties of Industrial Insulationa

0.021 0.020 0.019 0.017 0.017 0.016

432

0.015 0.016

414

0.017

0.022 0.021 0.020 0.018 0.017 0.017

459

0.020 0.017

0.023 0.023 0.021 0.019 0.018 0.017

486

0.021 0.018

0.025 0.024 0.023 0.021 0.019 0.018

513

0.045 0.041 0.039

0.022 0.019

0.028 0.027 0.024 0.023 0.021 0.019

540

657

0.044 0.040 0.036 0.031 0.028 0.026

0.047 0.057 0.043 0.049 0.041 0.047

0.023 0.029 0.020 0.029

0.030 0.028 0.027 0.023 0.022 0.020

0.022 0.027 0.020 0.026

558

0.036 0.046 0.029

0.032 0.034

756

0.038

0.034 0.030 0.028

0.041

0.045 0.051

954

Typical Thermal Conductivity k (Btu/hr·ft·R) at Various Temperatures (R)

0.050

0.050 0.044 0.039

0.061

1161

0.072 0.058 0.053

0.087

1350

page 217

0.023

0.024 0.025 0.032 0.034 0.028 0.029

0.027 0.035 0.032

0.028 0.036 0.034

0.022 0.029 0.038 0.035

0.015 0.016 0.022 0.029

0.023 0.031 0.039 0.036

0.016 0.017 0.023 0.029 0.029

0.017

0.024 0.032 0.041 0.038

0.021

0.014 0.015 0.021 0.029

0.034

2.81 6.55 7.62 4.99

0.013 0.014 0.020

0.032

0.062 0.066

0.013 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.017 0.019

0.030

35.0

0.013 0.013 0.017

0.029

0.041 0.046

0.013 0.013 0.015

0.027 0.028

0.029 0.032 0.032 0.034 0.036 0.040

26.8

3.50 2.18 0.999 4.37

11.5 11.9 9.05 21.5 24.0

Source: aAdapted from Incropera, F. P., and DeWitt, D. P., Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 3rd ed., Wiley, New York, 1990, with permission.

Magnesia, 85% 1062 Calcium silicate 1656 Cellular glass 1260 Diatomaceous 2061 silica 2358 Polystyrene, rigid Extruded (R-12) 630 Extruded (R-12) 630 Molded beads 630 Rubber, rigid foamed 612 Insulating cement Mineral fiber (rock, slag, or glass) with clay binder 2259 with hydraulic setting binder 1660 Loose fill Cellulose, wood, or paper pulp — Perlite, expanded — Vermiculite, — expanded 0.071

0.051

0.035 0.036 0.046

0.079

0.061

0.053 0.058

0.043

0.071

0.057 0.058

0.051

0.060 0.066

0.060

Appendix LE Psychrometry Chart 50

.030 .028

45

15.0

.026 .024

bd

ry

air

40

Bt ir,

ur

e,

°F

fm ois alp yo

rat pe tem

80

tur

ati

Sp

on

ec

if i

ce

nth

sa or lb bu W et

%

60

.010 .008

30%

40

13.0

30 20

40

50

.006

20%

10%

30

.014 .012

50% 40%

50

.016

ir

60

% 90 % 80 % 70

14.0

15

20

70

.018

ya 3 lb dr e ft /

25

20

10

olum if ic v

ta

Spec

30

.020

Humidity ratio, lb water/lb dry air

u/l

.022 35

ty

midi

,

60 70 80 Dry bulb temperature, °F

hu tive Rela

90

.004 .002

100

110

120

.000 130

FIGURE LE.1

Psychrometric chart in U. S. customary units (P ⫽ 14.7 psia). Adapted with permission from Z. Zhang and M. B. Pate, “A Methodology for Implementing a Psychrometric Chart in a Computer Graphics System,” ASHRAE Transactions, Vol. 94, Pt. 1, 1988.

page 218

Appendix ME Properties of the Atmosphere at High Altitude

Table ME.1 Properties of the Atmosphere at High Altitude* Altitude (m) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500 9000 9500 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000 17000 18000 19000 20000 22000 24000 26000 28000 30000 32000 34000 36000 38000 40000 45000 50000 55000 60000 65000

Temperature (⬚C)

Pressure (kPa)

Density (kg/m3)

Acceleration due to Gravity (m/s2)

Speed of Sound (m/s)

Viscosity (N ⴢ s/m2)

Thermal Conductivity (W/mⴢ K)

59.0 57.2 55.4 53.7 51.9 50.1 48.3 46.5 44.7 43.0 41.2 39.4 37.6 35.8 34.1 32.3 33.5 28.7 26.9 25.1 23.4 19.8 16.2 12.7 9.10 5.54 1.99 21.57 25.13 28.70 212.3 219.4 226.5 233.6 240.7 247.8 254.9 262.1 269.2 269.7 269.7 269.7 269.7 269.7 269.7 269.7

14.695 14.433 14.173 13.917 13.665 13.416 13.172 12.930 12.693 12.459 12.228 12.001 11.778 11.558 11.341 11.127 10.917 10.710 10.507 10.306 10.109 9.7228 9.3490 8.9871 8.6366 8.2973 7.9689 7.6512 7.3437 7.0465 6.7590 6.2126 5.7027 5.2272 4.7846 4.3728 3.9902 3.6353 3.3065 3.0045 2.7301 2.1491 1.6917 1.3320 1.0488 0.82594

0.076474 0.075363 0.074264 0.073172 0.072098 0.071037 0.069982 0.068945 0.067915 0.066904 0.065899 0.064906 0.063926 0.062959 0.061998 0.061051 0.060116 0.059191 0.058278 0.057375 0.056483 0.054731 0.053021 0.051353 0.049725 0.048138 0.046589 0.045079 0.043607 0.042171 0.040773 0.038083 0.035532 0.033113 0.030823 0.028657 0.026609 0.024677 0.022853 0.020794 0.018895 0.014873 0.011709 0.0092187 0.0072591 0.0057164

32.174 32.173 32.171 32.169 32.168 32.166 32.165 32.163 32.162 32.160 32.158 32.157 32.156 32.154 32.153 32.151 32.149 32.148 32.146 32.145 32.143 32.140 32.137 32.134 32.131 32.128 32.125 32.122 32.118 32.115 32.113 32.106 32.100 32.094 32.088 32.082 32.075 32.070 32.063 32.057 32.051 32.036 32.020 32.005 31.990 31.974

1116.4 1114.5 1112.6 1110.6 1108.7 1106.8 1104.9 1102.9 1101.0 1099.0 1097.1 1095.1 1093.2 1091.2 1089.3 1087.3 1085.3 1083.3 1081.4 1079.4 1077.4 1073.4 1069.4 1065.4 1061.4 1057.3 1053.3 1049.2 1045.1 1041.0 1036.9 1028.6 1020.3 1011.9 1003.4 994.8 986.2 977.5 968.7 968.1 968.1 968.1 968.1 968.1 968.1 968.1

0.000012024 0.000011992 0.000011960 0.000011927 0.000011895 0.000011863 0.000011831 0.000011798 0.000011766 0.000011733 0.000011700 0.000011667 0.000011635 0.000011602 0.000011569 0.000011536 0.000011503 0.000011471 0.000011438 0.000011404 0.000011371 0.000011305 0.000011238 0.000011171 0.000011104 0.000011036 0.000010969 0.000010901 0.000010833 0.000010764 0.000010696 0.000010558 0.000010419 0.000010279 0.000010138 0.000009996 0.000009853 0.000009709 0.000009564 0.000009553 0.000009553 0.000009553 0.000009553 0.000009553 0.000009553 0.000009553

0.014634 0.014589 0.014544 0.014499 0.014454 0.014409 0.014363 0.014318 0.014273 0.014227 0.014182 0.014136 0.014091 0.014045 0.014000 0.013954 0.013909 0.013863 0.013817 0.013771 0.013726 0.013634 0.013542 0.013450 0.013357 0.013265 0.013173 0.013080 0.012987 0.012893 0.012800 0.012613 0.012425 0.012237 0.012048 0.011858 0.011668 0.011477 0.011285 0.011270 0.011270 0.011270 0.011270 0.011270 0.011270 0.011270

*United States Committee on Extension to the Standard Atmosphere, “U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976”, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, United States Air Force, Washington D.C., 1976.

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