Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Advances in Energy Research 9811559546, 9789811559549

Table of contents :
Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Determination of Steam Energy Factor for Wort Kettle as a Tool for Optimization of the Steam Energy
1 Introduction
2 Steam Consumption
3 Process Flow
4 Development of SEF
4.1 Method 1
4.2 Method 2
5 Optimization with SEF
6 Results and Discussion
6.1 Before
6.2 After
7 Conclusion
References
CMG-Based Simulation Study of Water Flooding of Petroleum Reservoir
1 Introduction
2 Modeling and Simulation
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Validation of Simulation Results of Base Case
3.2 Simulation Studies for Enhancement of Oil Production
4 Conclusion
References
Exergy-Based Comparison of Two Gas Turbine Plants with Naphtha and Naphtha-RFG Mixture as Fuels
1 Introduction
2 Modelling of Proposed System
2.1 Energy Analysis
2.2 Exergy Analysis
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Energy Analysis of GT2 and GT1
3.2 Exergy Analysis of GT2 and GT1
4 Conclusion
References
Decentralized Solid Waste Management for Educational-Cum-Residential Campus: A Pilot Study
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Composting
2.2 Biomethanation
3 Data Collection
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Does the Criteria of Instability Thresholds During Density Wave Oscillations Need to Be Redefined?
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Setup and Procedure
2.1 Experimental Method
3 Results and Discussions
4 Experimental Nonlinear Stability Behavior
5 Proposed Method to Detect Nonlinear Stability Boundary
6 Conclusions
References
Solar Energy for Meeting Service Hot Water Demand in Hotels: Potential and Economic Feasibility in India
1 Introduction
2 Service Hot Water in Star Category Hotels
3 Methodology
4 Results and Discussion
Appendix 1: Mathematical Expressions Used for Financial Feasibility Estimation
Appendix 2: Results
References
Techno-economic Feasibility of Condenser Cooling Options for Solar Thermal Power Plants in India
1 Introduction
2 Solar Thermal Power Plant
3 Techno-economic Feasibility Analysis of Different Condenser Cooling Technologies
3.1 Technical and Economic Parameters
3.2 Results
4 Concluding Remarks
References
Optical Modeling of Parabolic Trough Solar Collector
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusions
References
Cooling Energy-Saving Potential of Naturally Ventilated Interior Design in Low-Income Tenement Unit
1 Introduction
2 Data and Methods
2.1 Case Study
2.2 Mixed-Mode Method
3 Results
3.1 Interior-Based Airflow Simulations
3.2 Most Natural Ventilation Effective Design Scenario
3.3 Cooling Energy-Reducing Potential
4 Conclusion
References
Development of an Improved Cookstove: An Experimental Study
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Thermal Efficiency
3.2 CO Emission
3.3 PM 2.5 Emission
4 Conclusions
References
Impact of Demand Response Implementation in India with Focus on Analysis of Consumer Baseline Load
1 Introduction
2 Importance of Baseline on CBL Estimation
3 DR Impact Analysis on Renewable Energy Integration and Smart Grids
3.1 DR Impact on Renewable Energy Integration
3.2 DR Impact on Smart Grid Deployment
4 Discussion on DR Status, Opportunities, and Challenges for India
5 Case Study on CBL Estimation
5.1 Averaging Method
5.2 Maximum Value Method
6 Performance Metrics Evaluation for CBL Methods
7 Conclusion
References
Double Dielectric Barrier Discharge-Assisted Conversion of Biogas to Synthesis Gas
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Procedure
3 Results and Discussion
4 Summary and Conclusions
References
Thermo-Hydrodynamic Modeling of Direct Steam Generation in Parabolic Trough Solar Collector
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Methodology
2.1 Computational Domain and Operating Conditions
2.2 Governing Equations
2.3 Model Validation
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusions
References
Hydrodeoxygenation of Bio-Oil from Fast Pyrolysis of Pinewood Over Various Catalysts
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Section
2.1 Materials
2.2 Fast Hydropyrolysis Experiments
3 Results and Discussions
4 Conclusion
References
Simulation of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Using NREL FAST Solver
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 NREL FAST Solver
2.2 Blade Element Momentum (BEM)
2.3 Performance Parameters
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusions
References
Do Energy Policies with Disclosure Requirement Improve Firms’ Energy Management? Evidence from Indian Metal Sector
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
2.1 The Institutional Context of Energy Policy with a Disclosure Component in India
2.2 Economics of Emission
3 Research Methodology
3.1 Data Sample
3.2 Variables and Their Measurement
3.3 Model Specification
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Power Management of Non-conventional Energy Resources-Based DC Microgrid Supported by Hybrid Energy Storage
1 Introduction
2 DC Microgrid System
3 Proposed Converter Control
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Sizing of a Solar-Powered Adsorption Cooling System for Comfort Cooling
1 Introduction
2 System Description
2.1 Components of Solar Adsorption Room Cooling System Model in TRNSYS
2.2 Components of Room Cooling Load Estimation
2.3 Control Strategy
3 Simulation Results and Discussion
3.1 Preliminary Estimation of Solar Thermal System Sizing
3.2 TRNSYS Simulation Results
4 Conclusion
References
Experimental Evaluation of Common Rail Direct Injection Compression Ignition Engine with EGR Using Biodiesel
1 Introduction
1.1 New Emission Norms from 2020
2 Results and Discussions
3 Conclusions
References
Emission Measurement Considerations for Power Industry
1 Introduction
1.1 Challenges of Power Industries
1.2 Technologies for Environment Impact Mitigation
1.3 Measurement of the Pollutants
2 Emissions Measurement
2.1 Optical Methods for Emissions Measurement
2.2 Choice of Solutions for Emissions Measurement
3 Conclusion
References
Impact of Growing Share of Renewable Energy Sources on Locational Marginal Prices
1 Introduction
2 Literature Survey
3 Mathematical Formulation
3.1 Mathematical Formulation of the Primal Problem
3.2 Representation of the Optimal Power Flow Problem in General Terms
3.3 Mathematical Formulation of the Dual Problem
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Performance Evaluation of Wind-Solar Hybrid System in Indian Context
1 Introduction
2 System Description
3 Experimental Methods
4 Wind and Solar Energy Potential at Site
5 Results and Discussions
6 Conclusion
References
Structural, Electrical and Cell Performance Study on Lithium Germanium Phosphate Glass Ceramics-Based Solid-State Li-Electrolyte
1 Introduction
2 Experimental
2.1 Synthesis of LAGPS Solid Electrolyte
2.2 Characterization of the Electrolyte
2.3 Assemble of LiFePO4/LAGPS/Li Cell
3 Theoretical Consideration
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Structural Analysis
4.2 Electrical Analysis
5 Conclusions
References
Adaptive Relaying Scheme for a Distribution Network with Highly Penetrated Inverter Based Distributed Generations
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Problem Formulation
4 Proposed Method
4.1 Fault Analysis
4.2 Reactive Current Injection by IBDGs
4.3 Superconducting Fault Current Limiters
4.4 Coordination Criteria
5 Result and Discussions
6 Conclusion
References
Optimization in the Operation of Cabinet-Type Solar Dryer for Industrial Applications
1 Introduction
2 The Improvised Cabinet-Type Dryer
3 The Mathematical Model
4 Illustration
5 Conclusion
References
Modeling of Solar Photovoltaic-Assisted Electrolyzer-Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell to Charge Nissan Leaf Battery of Lithium Ion Type of Electric Vehicle
1 Introduction
2 System Layout
3 Modeling
3.1 Modeling of Lithium Ion Type Rechargeable Battery of Nissan Leaf Electric Vehicle
3.2 Modeling of Solar PV System
3.3 Modeling of PEM Fuel Cell
3.4 Modeling of PEM Electrolyzer
3.5 Modeling of Gas Compressor
4 Results and Discussions
5 Conclusions
References
Performance Study of an Anode Flow Field Design Used in PEMFC Application
1 Introduction
2 Components of a PEMFC Air-Cooled Stack
2.1 Anode and Cathode Bipolar Plates
2.2 MEA (Membrane Electrode Assembly)
2.3 Sealing
2.4 End Plates
2.5 Current Collectors
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Flow Configuration
3.2 Numerical Simulation
3.3 Experimental Procedure
4 Conclusion
References
Effect of Top Losses and Imperfect Regeneration on Power Output and Thermal Efficiency of a Solar Low Delta-T Stirling Engine
1 Introduction
2 Finite Time Thermodynamic Model of LTDSE
3 Validation
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Investigations on Recovery of Apparent Viscosity of Crude Oil After Magnetic Fluid Conditioning
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Effect of Magnetic Field on % Regain of Viscosity
3.2 Effect of Wax Content
3.3 Relation Between Initial Reduction and % Regain of Viscosity
4 Conclusions
References
Investigation on Different Types of Electric Storage Batteries Used in Off-grid Solar Power Plants and Procedures for Their Performance Improvement
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Battery Selection
2.2 Capacity Test
2.3 Simulated Solar Cycling Tests
3 Cycling Test on Batteries Used for Solar Power Applications
4 Conclusions
References
Saving Electricity, One Consumer at a Time
1 Introduction
2 Review of Behavior Change Initiatives for Electricity Conservation
3 VidyutRakshaka
3.1 The Rationale
4 Methodology
4.1 Sign up
4.2 Data Processing
4.3 Data Analysis
4.4 Feedback to Consumers
4.5 Report Duration
4.6 Aggregate-Level Analysis
4.7 Utility Engagement
5 Conclusion
References
Study of Effects of Water Inlet Temperature and Flow Rate on the Performance of Rotating Packed Bed
1 Introduction
2 Background
3 Rotating Packed Bed Setup
4 Geometry and Method
5 Results and Discussion
5.1 Effect of Water Inlet Temperature
5.2 Effect of Water Flow Rate
6 Conclusions
References
Integrated Thermal Analysis of an All-Electric Vehicle
1 Introduction
2 Electric Drivetrain Model
2.1 Model Assumptions
2.2 Model Description
3 Integrated Thermal Model
3.1 Model Assumptions
3.2 Model Descriptions
4 Model Validation
5 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusions
References
Computation of Higher Eigenmodes Using Subspace Iteration Scheme and Its Application to Flux Mapping System of AHWR
1 Introduction
2 Flux Mapping Algorithm
3 Computation of Flux Modes
4 Simulation of in-Core SPND Readings
5 Performance of FMS
6 Results and Discussion
7 Conclusion
References
ESCO Model for Energy-Efficient Pump Installation Scheme: A Case Study
1 Introduction
2 Description of the Scheme
2.1 Geographical Location
3 Analysis of the Factors Affecting Efficacy of the Scheme
3.1 Energy Savings
3.2 Financial Feasibility
3.3 Efficiency of Pumpsets
3.4 Effect of Voltage
3.5 Effect of Farmer Behavior
4 Discussion and Conclusion
References
Transient Numerical Model for Natural Convection Flow in Flat Plate Solar Collector
1 Introduction
2 Governing Equations
2.1 Assumption
2.2 Governing Equations
2.3 Plate Domain (P)
2.4 Fluid Domain (F)
2.5 Glass Domain
3 Numerical Implementation
3.1 Algorithm
3.2 Validation
4 Results
5 Conclusion
References
Rice Paddy as a Source of Sustainable Energy in India
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Setup
2.1 Sediment PMFC
2.2 Rooftop PMFC
2.3 Dual-Chamber PMFC
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Electron Cycle Determination
3.2 Polarization Curves
3.3 Dependence on Solar Radiation
4 Conclusion
References
Cost and Emission Trade-Offs in Electricity Supply for the State of Maharashtra
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Methodology
3.1 Overview of Electricity Generation for Maharashtra
3.2 Reference Energy System
4 Results
4.1 Electricity Dispatch
4.2 Active Power Plants in Cost Minimization and Emission Minimization Scenarios
4.3 Emissions and Cost of Electricity
5 Conclusion
References
Technological Interventions in Sun Drying of Grapes in Tropical Climate for Enhanced and Hygienic Drying
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Drying Methods and Materials in Experimental Investigations
3.1 Materials Used for Pre-treatment of Grapes
3.2 Measuring Equipment and Methodology
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Variation of Macro-climatic and Micro-climatic Grape Drying Parameters
4.2 Mechanism of Grape Drying and Grape Quality
4.3 Raisin Sensory Evaluation on Color, Texture, Weight and Taste
5 Conclusions
References
Effect of Temperature on the Hydrodynamics of Steam Reactor in a Chemical Looping Reforming System
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Considerations
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Transient and Quasi-Steady Bubble Dynamics
3.2 Effect of Temperature on the Fuel Conversion Rate
4 Conclusion
References
Enhancement in Product Value of Potato Through Chemical Pre-treatment and Drying Process
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Material and Pre-treatment Process
4 Details of Experimental Setup for Electrical Drying
5 Results and Discussion
5.1 Drying Characteristics of Potato Slice
5.2 Microbiological Analysis of Dried Products
6 Conclusions
References
Desalination Using Waste Heat Recovery with Active Solar Still
1 Introduction
2 Desalination Technologies
3 Experimental Setup
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Incorporating Battery Degradation in Stand-alone PV Microgrid with Hybrid Energy Storage
1 Introduction
2 System Design and Evaluation
2.1 Component Modelling
2.2 Energy Management Strategy
3 Case Study
3.1 Off-Grid Telecom Tower
3.2 Off-Grid Welding Shop
4 Conclusion
References
Simulation Studies on Design and Performance Evaluation of SAPV System for Domestic Application
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Methodology
3.1 Data Collection
3.2 Data Analysis
3.3 Recommendation
4 Design of Stand-alone Solar Photovoltaic System
4.1 Geographical Data and Solar Potential Assessment
4.2 Module Orientation and Hourly Generated Solar Radiation Data
4.3 Load Data of the Simulated Installation Site
4.4 Configuration of the Proposed SAPV System
4.5 PV Array Sizing
4.6 Battery Sizing
4.7 Charge Controllers
4.8 Inverter
5 Results and Discussions
5.1 Financial Aspects of SAPV System
5.2 Sustainability Issues of the SAPV System-CO2 Mitigation Assessment
6 Conclusions
References
Development of a Dynamic Battery Model and Estimation of Equivalent Electrical Circuit Parameters
1 Introduction
2 Overall System Description
3 Model Description
3.1 Proposed Battery Estimation Model and Its Components
3.2 Calculation of SOC
4 Estimation and Results
4.1 Estimation Process
4.2 Results Obtained
5 Conclusion
References
A Novel Switched Inductor Switched Capacitor-Based Quasi-Switched-Boost Inverter
1 Introduction
2 Single-Phase SL-SC qSBI Topology
3 Operating Principle of the Proposed Topology
3.1 Shoot-Through State
3.2 Non-Shoot-Through State
4 Steady-State Analysis of SL-SC Topology
5 Passive Components Design
6 Modulation Strategy for the Proposed SL-SC qSBI Topology
7 Simulation Studies
8 Performance Evaluation of the Proposed Topology
8.1 Duty Ratio (D) Versus Boost Factor (B)
8.2 Modulation Index (M) Versus Voltage Gain (G)
8.3 Harmonic Profile
9 Conclusion
References
Investigation of Energy Performance of a High-Rise Residential Building in Kolkata Through Performance Levels of Energy Conservation Building Code, 2017
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Building Data Collection
2.2 Operation Schedule
2.3 Envelope Details
3 Energy Modeling and Simulation
3.1 Description Energy Modeling Software
3.2 Weather File
3.3 Building Model Description
3.4 Simulation Output
4 Results and Discussions
5 Conclusion
References
Addressing Last Mile Electricity Distribution Problems: Study of Performance of SHGs in Odisha
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 SHGs in the Last Mile of Electricity Distribution
3.1 Organizational Structure and Working
3.2 Lessons from FEDCO’s Innovation
4 Conclusions
References
Transient Stability Analysis of Wind Integrated Power Network Using STATCOM and BESS Using DIgSILENT PowerFactory
1 Introduction
2 Modeling of DFIG Based Wind Power
3 Modeling of BESS and Its Control
4 Modeling of STATCOM and Its Control
5 Simulation and Results
5.1 Sudden Change in Load Demand
5.2 Three-Phase Fault in Transmission Line
5.3 Sudden Change in Wind Speed
5.4 Effect of Wind Gust
6 Conclusion
References
Experimental Investigation of Solar Drying Characteristics of Grapes
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Setup
3 Result and Discussion
3.1 Dry Run Tests on Solar Dryer
3.2 Test Results with Loaded Trays
3.3 Drying Characteristics of Grapes
4 Conclusion
References
Feedback and Feedforward Control of Dual Active Bridge DC-DC Converter Using Generalized Average Modelling
1 Introduction
2 The Dual Active Bridge Converter
3 Generalized Average Modelling
3.1 Steady state and small-signal analysis
4 Feedforward and Feedback Control
5 Simulation Results
6 Conclusion
References
Performance Assessment and Parametric Study of Multiple Effect Evaporator
1 Introduction
2 Simulation Tool and Algorithm
3 Performance Analysis
4 Results and Discussion
5 Optimization Analysis
6 Conclusions
References
An Approach Towards Sustainable Energy Education in India
1 Introduction
2 Modes and Levels of Energy Education
2.1 Energy Education at the School Level Programme
2.2 Energy Education at the Professional Level Programme
3 Issues and Challenges
4 Conclusions and Recommendations
References
Simulation-Based Economic Optimization of Nuclear Renewable Hybrid Energy Systems with Reliability Constraints
1 Introduction
2 Techno-Economic Model
2.1 Energy Generation Models
2.2 Assessment of NRHES
2.3 Energy Management
2.4 Cost Estimation Model
3 Optimization
4 Case Study
4.1 Inputs
4.2 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Exergy Analysis and Cost Optimization of Solar Flat Pate Collector for a Two-Stage Absorption Refrigeration System with Water-Lithium Bromide as a Working Pair
1 Introduction
2 System Description
3 Thermodynamic Analysis of HVARS
3.1 Assumptions
3.2 System Model
3.3 Input Parameters
3.4 Model Validation
3.5 Cost Analysis of the System
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Results from HVARS
4.2 Results from Cost Analysis
5 Conclusions
References
Characterizing the Helical Vortex Frequency of HAWT
1 Introduction
2 Introduction
2.1 Wind Tunnel and Turbine Details
2.2 Measurement Methodology
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Vortex Shedding Characteristic
4 Conclusion
References
Design and Development of Concentrated Solar Cooker with Parabolic Dish Concentrator
1 Introduction
1.1 Solar Parabolic Dish
1.2 Concentrator Solar Cooker
2 Experimental Setup
2.1 Design and Development of Concentrator Solar Parabolic Dish with Cooker
2.2 Development of Solar Parabolic Dish
2.3 Cooker
2.4 Measuring Equipment
3 Calculation of Volumetric Rice–Water Ratio
4 Experimental Procedure
5 Assessment of Thermal Performance
6 Result and Discussions
7 Uncertainty Analysis for Results
8 Conclusion
References
Thermal and Electrical Performance Assessment of Elongated Compound Parabolic Concentrator
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Model
2.1 Heat Loss from the Mirror to the Ambient
2.2 Glass Interface
2.3 Solar Cell Interface
2.4 Aluminum Plate Interface
2.5 Back Plate Interface
2.6 Heat Gained by Fluid
3 Experimental Set-up
3.1 Concentrator
3.2 PV Panel
3.3 Heat Exchanger
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Numerical Model
4.2 Experimental Validation
4.3 Comparison Between Simulated and Measured Outlet Water Temperature
5 Conclusion
References
Thermodynamic Analysis of a 500 MWe Coal-Fired Supercritical Thermal Power Plant Integrated with Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) at Flue Gas Stream
1 Introduction
2 System Description
2.1 Standalone 500 MWe Supercritical Power Plant
2.2 Proposed Combined Cycle Plant Including MCFC
3 Analysis Methodology
3.1 Assumptions
3.2 Thermodynamic Evaluation
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Energy and Exergy Balance of the Proposed Combined Cycle Plant Including MCFC
4.2 Comparative Output Analysis of Both the Plants
5 Conclusions
References
Three-Dimensional Investigation on Energy Separation in a Ranque–Hilsch Vortex Tube
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Simulation
2.1 Geometrical Domain
2.2 Description and Boundary Conditions
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Streamlines
3.2 Swirl Velocity Profile
3.3 Cooling and Heating Effects
4 Concluding Remarks
References
Bamboo Plant Intellect Deeds Optimization Algorithm for Solving Optimal Reactive Power Problem
1 Introduction
2 Problem Formulation
3 Bamboo Plant Intellect Deeds Optimization Algorithm
4 Simulation Study
5 Conclusion
References
Actuator Fault Detection and Isolation for PEM Fuel Cell Systems Using Unknown Input Observers
1 Introduction
2 PEMFCS Model
2.1 Cathode Flow Model
2.2 Anode Flow Model
3 FDI Algorithm Using UIOs
3.1 UIO for PEMFCS
3.2 FDI Algorithm
4 Simulation Results
5 Conclusions
References
Analysis of Heating and Cooling Energy Demand of School Buildings
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Building Description
2.2 Schedules
2.3 Weather
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Total Heating and Cooling Energy Demand
3.2 Impact of Insulation on Heating Energy
3.3 Impact of Insulation on Cooling Energy
4 Conclusions
References
Thermodynamic Performance Analysis of Adsorption Cooling and Resorption Heating System Using Ammoniated Halide Salts
1 Introduction
2 Equilibrium P-T Lines of Ammonia Adsorption/Desorption of Halide Salts
3 Adsorption Cooling and Resorption Heating System
4 Thermodynamic Analysis
4.1 Thermodynamic Cycle of ACRHS
4.2 Energy Analysis
5 Discussions of Results Obtained from Thermodynamic Analysis
6 Conclusions
References
Correlating Partial Shading and Operating Conditions to the Performance of PV Panels
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Calculation of Shading and Miscellaneous Losses
2.2 Calculation of Temperature Loss
2.3 Calculation of Mismatch Loss
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Shading Loss
3.2 Miscellaneous Loss
3.3 Correlation for Temperature Loss
4 Conclusions
References
Engineering of O2 Electrodes by Surface Modification for Corrosion Resistance in Zinc–Air Batteries
1 Introduction
2 Experimental
2.1 Preparation of Air Electrodes
2.2 Material Characterizations
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Physical Characterization
3.2 Electrochemical Performance
3.3 Zinc–Air Cell Assembly and Testing
4 Conclusions
References
Energy Farming—A Green Solution for Indian Cement Industry
1 Introduction
2 Land Requirement for Setting up a Cement Plant
3 Green Area Obligation for Cement Plant
4 Energy Consumption and Bottlenecks with Conventional Fuel
5 Energy Farming and Biodiesel Scenario in India
6 Concept of Energy Farming in Cement Industry
6.1 Potential of Deliverables from Jatropha [15]
7 Standards Available for Biodiesel and Suitability for Earthmovers and Vehicles of Cement Plant/Limestone Mining
8 Conclusion
References
Energetic and Exergetic Performance Comparison of a Hybrid Solar Kalina Cycle at Solar and Solar Storage Mode of Operations
1 Introduction
2 Description of the Hybrid Solar Kalina Cycle
3 Thermodynamic Modelling and Assumptions
3.1 PTC Modelling
3.2 Modelling of the Kalina Cycle
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Assessment of Different Multiclass SVM Strategies for Fault Classification in a PV System
1 Introduction
2 Different Approaches to Multiclass Classification
3 Methodology
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Performance Analysis of Double Glass Water Based Photovoltaic/Thermal System
1 Introduction
2 System Description and Methodology
2.1 Methodology
2.2 Performance Assessment Parameters
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Modeling Polarization Losses in HTPEM Fuel Cells
1 Introduction
2 Modeling Framework
2.1 Electrochemical Model
3 Transport
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Effect of Diesel Injection Timings on the Nature of Cyclic Combustion Variations in a RCCI Engine
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Setup
3 0-1 Test Method
4 Results and Discussions
5 Conclusions
References
Investigating the Impact of Energy Use on Carbon Emissions: Evidence from a Non-parametric Panel Data Approach
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review—In Brief
3 Data, Variables, and Econometric Model
4 Results and Discussion
5 Concluding Remarks
References
Studies on the Use of Thorium in PWR
1 Introduction
2 Fuel Assembly Geometry and Fuel Compositions
2.1 Fuel Assembly Design
2.2 Fuel Composition in Reference and Thorium FAs
3 Result and Discussion
3.1 Fuel Assembly Burnup
3.2 Neutron Flux Spectrum in Fuel Assemblies
3.3 Burnup-Dependent Composition of the Fuel Assemblies
3.4 Power Distribution in Fuel Assemblies
4 Conclusion
References
Coaxial Thermal Probe for High-Frequency Periodic Response in an IC Engine Test Rig
1 Introduction
2 Fabrication of CSJT
3 Microstructural Analysis and Chemical Characterization
4 Response of CSJT Towards a Cyclic Heating Load
4.1 Description of the Test Engine
5 Conclusion
References
Effect of Injection Pressure on the Performance Characteristics of Double Cylinder Four-Stroke CI Engine Using Neem Bio-diesel
1 Introduction
1.1 Biodiesel
1.2 Bio-diesel Preparation
1.3 Neem Oil Bio-diesel Preparation Using Transesterification Process
2 Evaluation of Engine Performance
2.1 Specifications of the Engine are as follows:
3 Injection Pressure
3.1 Parameters of Injectors in IC Engines
4 Result and Discussion
4.1 Brake Thermal Efficiencies
4.2 Brake Specific Fuel Consumption
5 Conclusion
References
Experimental Study of a Helical Coil Receiver Using Fresnel Lens
1 Introduction
2 Description of the Cavity Receiver
3 Experimental Setup
3.1 Experimental Procedure
3.2 Efficiency
3.3 Heat Transfer Coefficient on Tube Surface
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Tube Surface Temperatures
4.2 Air Outlet Temperatures
4.3 Efficiency
4.4 Heat Transfer Coefficient
5 Conclusions
References
Substrate-Assisted Electrosynthesis of Patterned Lamellar Type Indium Selenide (InSe) Layer for Photovoltaic Application
1 Introduction
2 Electrochemical Synthesis of InSe Thin Films
2.1 Formation Mechanism of InSe Thin Films
2.2 Characterization Techniques
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusions
References
Optimization of Injector Location on the Cylinder Head in a Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Methodology
2.1 Geometry Modeling
2.2 Geometry Discretization
2.3 Numerical Modeling
3 Validation of the CFD Model
4 GDI Injector Locations
5 Spray Characterization
6 Optimization of Injector Locations
7 Conclusions
References
Automated Cleaning of PV Panels Using the Comparative Algorithm and Arduino
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Cleaning Algorithms
2.2 Components
2.3 Overview of Working of The System
2.4 Circuits
2.5 Some Images of the Setup
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Testing
3.2 The System Applied to a Solar Farm (with Thousands of Panels)
4 Conclusions
References
Performance and Degradation Analysis of High-Efficiency SPV Modules Under Composite Climatic Condition
1 Introduction
2 Testing Set Up
3 Methodologies
3.1 Determination of Temperature Coefficients and Curve Correction
3.2 Determination of Internal Series Resistance Rs
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Thermal Imaging
4.2 Insulation Testing
4.3 Temperature Coefficient Determination
5 Conclusion
References
Energy Literacy of University Graduate Students: A Multidimensional Assessment in Terms of Content Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior
1 Introduction
2 Ethiopia: Country Context
2.1 Economic and Social Development in Ethiopia
2.2 Energy Situation in Ethiopia
3 Motivation
4 Research Objectives
5 Methods
5.1 Data Collection
5.2 Data Analysis
5.3 Students Demographics
6 Result
6.1 Energy Literacy Score
7 Energy Attitudes
8 Energy Behaviors
9 Discussion of Results
10 Conclusions and Recommendations
References
Waste-to-Energy: Issues, Challenges, and Opportunities for RDF Utilization in Indian Cement Industry
1 Introduction
2 Current Status of MSW
2.1 Composition of MSW
2.2 Treatment and Disposal of MSW
3 RDF Utilization in Cement Industry
3.1 Global Scenario
3.2 RDF Issues
3.3 Operational Issues Faced by a Cement Plant
4 Initiatives taken by the Government of India
5 Cement Industry Perspective
6 Recent Trends
7 Conclusions
References
Predict the Effect of Combustion Parameter on Performance and Combustion Characteristics of Small Single Cylinder Diesel Engine
1 Introduction
1.1 Description of the Model
2 Experimental Test Facility
2.1 Engine Specification
3 Result and Discussion
3.1 Performance Characteristics
3.2 Combustion Characteristics
4 Conclusion
References
Experimental Investigation of a Biogas-Fueled Diesel Engine at Different Biogas Flow Rates
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Test Fuels
2.2 Experimental Test Rig
2.3 Experimentation
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Performance Assessment
3.2 Energy Share
4 Conclusion
References
Characteristics of an Indigenously Developed 1 KW Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Stack
1 Introduction
2 Design of the VRFB Stack
3 Performance Testing
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Dynamic Demand Response Through Decentralized Intelligent Control of Resources
1 Introduction
2 The Rational Building Framework
2.1 Traditional BMS Architecture
2.2 Making Resources and Buildings Intelligent
2.3 Rationality Considerations
2.4 Example
3 Dynamic DR Framework
3.1 Simple Quadratic Cost Function Formulation
4 Case Study and Results
4.1 Observations
4.2 Analysis of the Results
4.3 Future Work
References
Transient Analysis of Pressurizer Steam Bleed Valves Stuck Open for 700 MWe PHWRs
1 Introduction
2 ATMIKA-T Code Description
3 Results and Discussions
4 Conclusion
References
Transient Analysis of Net Load Rejection for 700 MWe IPHWRs
1 Introduction
2 ATMIKA.T Code Description
3 Results and Discussions
4 Conclusion
References
A Comparative Experimental Investigation of Improved Biomass Cookstoves for Higher Efficiency with Lower Emissions
1 Introduction
2 Design of Improved Biomass Cookstove
3 Materials and Methods
3.1 Fuel Preparation
3.2 Experimental Procedure
4 Analysis of Improved Cookstove
4.1 Energy Analysis
4.2 Power Output
4.3 Particulate Emissions
5 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusions
References
Assessment of Floating Solar Photovoltaic (FSPV) Potential in India
1 Introduction
2 Databases Pertaining to Water Bodies in India
2.1 Global Solar Atlas (GSA)
2.2 Global Reservoir and Dam (GRanD)
3 Methodology Adopted for Potential Estimation
3.1 Criteria Used for Potential Assessment
3.2 Estimate of FSPV Potential
4 Concluding Remarks
References
Effect of Non-Revenue Water Reduction in the Life Cycle of Water–Energy Nexus: A Case Study in India
1 Introduction
2 Data and Methodology
2.1 Study Area
2.2 Data Collection
2.3 Water–Energy Nexus Quantification
2.4 Non-revenue Water Reduction Life Cycle Assessment
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Water–Energy Nexus
3.2 Impact Assessment
4 Conclusions
References
Policy Intervention for Promoting Effective Adaptation of Rooftop Solar PV Systems
1 Introduction
2 National Solar Mission Status
2.1 Target Set Under National Solar Mission
2.2 Actual Installed Capacity of Solar PV
3 Rooftop Solar Policy Analysis
4 Suggested Policy Interventions
4.1 Introducing Mandatory Requirement for Residential Complexes to Install Rooftop Solar PV System and Provide Demand-Side Management (DSM) Benefit
5 Conclusion
References
Improved Dispatchability of Solar Photovoltaic System with Battery Energy Storage
1 Introduction
2 System Architecture, Specifications, and Methodology
2.1 Solar Photovoltaic System
2.2 Power Electronic Interface and MPPT Control
3 Energy Storage Devices
4 Bidirectional Converter
4.1 Battery Control
5 Results
6 Conclusion
References
Numerical Investigation of the Performance of Pump as Turbine with Back Cavity Filling
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Investigation
2.1 Problem Definition
2.2 Computational Model of PAT
2.3 Mesh Generation
3 Numerical Simulation
3.1 Verification of Numerical Results
3.2 The Flow Physics of PAT Control Volume
3.3 The Critical Zones of PAT
4 Conclusion
References
Mining Representative Load Profiles in Commercial Buildings
1 Introduction
2 Preliminaries and Methodology
2.1 Preliminaries
2.2 Proposed Architecture
3 Experiments and Results
4 Conclusion and Future Work
References
A Simplified Non-iterative Method for Extraction of Parameters of Photovoltaic Cell/Module
1 Introduction
2 Theory
3 Result and Discuss
4 Conclusion
References
Design, Analysis and Hardware Implementation of Modified Bipolar Solid-State Marx Generator
1 Introduction
2 Modified Solid-State Marx Generator Topology
2.1 Circuit Design of Modified Solid-State Marx Bipolar Topology
3 Component Selection to Obtain Required Capacitor Voltage Using Transfer Function Model
3.1 Simulation Results of Modified Marx Generator Topology
4 Hardware Implementation of Marx Generator Along with H-Bridge Circuit (Modified Topology)
4.1 Introduction to LPC2148—Arm Controller
4.2 Development of Pulses for Marx Generator and H-Bridge Circuit
4.3 Experimental Evaluation of Modified H-Bridge Topology
5 Conclusion
References
Viability Study of Stand-Alone Hybrid Energy Systems for Telecom Base Station
1 Introduction
2 Energy Assessment
3 Design of Renewable Hybrid Energy Systems
3.1 PV Panel
3.2 Wind Turbine
3.3 Battery
3.4 Biogas and Fuel Cell Generator
3.5 Hydrogen Tank
3.6 Converter
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Electrical Load Estimation
4.2 Electrical Energy Production
4.3 Economics of Hybrid Energy Systems for Telecom Tower
5 Conclusions
References
Effect of Temperature and Salt Concentration on the Properties of Electrolyte for Sodium-Ion Batteries
1 Introduction
2 Simulation Methodology
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Electrolyte of 1 mol kg−1 Concentration
3.2 Effect of Salt Concentration
4 Conclusion
References
Carbon Deposition on the Anode of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Fueled by Syngas—A Thermodynamic Analysis
1 Introduction
2 Chemical Equilibrium Analysis
3 Conclusions
References
Numerical Study on CO2 Injection in Indian Geothermal Reservoirs Using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.2a
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Modeling and Analysis in Porous Media
2.1 Numerical Analysis of Engineered Geothermal Systems
2.2 Simulation and Modeling of CPG System
3 Results and Discussions
4 Conclusions
References
Modification in the Rotor of Savonius Turbine to Reduce Reverse Force on the Returning Blade
1 Introduction
2 Computational Methodology
2.1 Modeling and Meshing
2.2 Boundary Condition and Turbulence Model
2.3 Grid Independence Study
2.4 Mathematical Formulation and Solution Methodology
3 Numerical Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Design and Fabrication of Grating-Based Filters for Micro-thermophotovoltaic Systems
1 Introduction
2 Design of Grating-Based Filter
3 Fabrication of Grating-Based Filter
4 Optical Characterization
5 Conclusion
References
A Systematic Investigation on Evaporation, Condensation and Production of Sustainable Water from Novel-Designed Tubular Solar Still
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Section
2.1 Design and Working Principle
2.2 Structure of the TSS
2.3 Theoretical Analysis of TSS
2.4 Bill of Material (BOM) of the TSS
3 Results
4 Conclusion
References
Novel Design of PV Integrated Solar Still for Cogeneration of Power and Sustainable Water Using PVT Technology
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Section
3 Heat Transfer Characteristics of Solar Still Integrated with BIPVT Module
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Cellulose Nanocrystals Incorporated Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Application
1 Introduction
2 Experimental
2.1 Materials
2.2 Isolation of Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs)
2.3 Synthesis of Sulfonated PEEK (SPEEK)
2.4 Preparation of SPEEK Based Composite Membranes
3 Characterizations
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Study of the Effect of Biomass-Derived N-Self Doped Porous Carbon in Microbial Fuel Cell
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Section
2.1 Preparation of N-Self Doped Porous Carbon
2.2 Characterization
2.3 Microbial Fuel Cell Set up
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Physical Characterization
3.2 MFC Performance Using WL and AWL
4 Conclusions
References
Analysis of Nature-Inspired Spirals for Design of Solar Tree
1 Introduction
2 Design of Structure
3 Analysis of Spiral Parameters
3.1 Energy Extraction Ratio
3.2 Optimal Solar Panel Size
4 Conclusion
References
Effective Use of Existing Efficient Variable Frequency Drives (VFD) Technology for HVAC Systems—Consultative Research Case Studies
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Case–1: 250 TR Chiller Operations with VFD at Facility a
3.1 Performance Evaluation of Chillers at Facility A
3.2 Performance Evaluation of Cooling Towers at Facility A
3.3 Result and Recommendations for Case 1 at Facility a
4 Case–2: 3125 TR Cooling Tower Optimization with VFD to Improve Chiller Performance at Facility B
4.1 Performance Evaluation of Chillers
4.2 Result and Recommendation for Case 2 at Facility B
5 Conclusion
References
Thermodynamic Analysis of a Combined Power and Cooling System Integrated with CO2 Capture Unit of a 500 MWe SupC Coal-Fired Power Plant
1 Introduction
2 System Description
3 Analysis Methodology
3.1 The Performance Parameters of the Proposed System
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Energy and Exergy Analysis of Solar-Assisted Combined Power and Cooling System (CPCS)
4.2 System Performance at Different Part Load
4.3 Performance Study at Different Operating Pressure
4.4 Environmental Impact of Solar-Assisted CPCS
4.5 Economic Analysis
5 Conclusions
References
DFT Studies on Electronic and Optical Properties of Inorganic CsPbI3 Perovskite Absorber for Solar Cell Application
1 Introduction
2 Computational Details
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Structural Properties
3.2 Electronic Properties
3.3 Optical Properties
4 Conclusion
References
Biowaste Derived Highly Porous Carbon for Energy Storage
1 Introduction
2 Experimental
2.1 Materials
2.2 Method
2.3 Instrumentation
2.4 Electrode Preparation and Electrochemical Measurements
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Bio-Ethanol Production from Carbohydrate-Rich Microalgal Biomass: Scenedesmus Obliquus
1 Introduction
2 Experiment
2.1 Materials
2.2 Pre-treatment of SO
2.3 Total Sugar Estimation
2.4 Fermentation
2.5 Distillation
2.6 Characterization
3 Results
3.1 Characterization of the Raw Sample
3.2 Total Reducing Sugar(TRS) Content and the Percentage Conversion of Sugar to Ethanol
3.3 Bio-Ethanol Analysis
4 Conclusions
References
Safety Analysis of Loss of NPP Off-Site Power with Failure of Reactor SCRAM (ATWS) for VVER-1000
1 Introduction
2 KKNPP-1&2 Reactors
3 RELAP-5 Model of KKNPP-1&2
4 Assumptions
5 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
P-type Crystalline Silicon Surface Passivation Using Silicon Oxynitride/SiN Stack for PERC Solar Cell Application
1 Introduction
2 Fabrication Details
3 Results and Discussions
4 Conclusion
References
Pressure Propagation and Flow Restart in the Subsea Pipeline Network
1 Introduction
2 Gel Rheology
3 Mathematical Formulation
3.1 Governing Equations
3.2 Flow Geometry and Boundary Conditions
3.3 Non-dimensionalization and Scaling Analysis
3.4 Discretization Scheme
3.5 Numerical Algorithm
4 Results
5 Conclusion
References
Electrodeposition of Cu2O: Determination of Limiting Potential Towards Solar Water Splitting
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Details
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Determination of Possible Mechanism of Growth of Cu2O Films
3.2 Structural Characterization
3.3 Morphological Characterization
3.4 Optical and Photoelectrochemical Measurements
4 Conclusion
References
Design and Development of an Economical and Reliable Solar-Powered Trash Compactor
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Block Diagram Representation of the Proposed System
2.2 Operation
3 Design of the Solar-Powered Trash Compactor
3.1 Components Required
3.2 Calculations to Determine the Rating of the Motor
3.3 Calculations to Determine the Rating of Solar Panel
4 Results and Analysis
4.1 Cost and Specifications
5 Formulations and Product Design
6 Novelties of the Proposed Solar-Powered Trash Compactor
7 Conclusion
References
Performance and Emission Characteristics of CI Engine Fueled with Plastic Oil Blended with Jatropha Methyl Ester and Diesel
1 Introduction
2 Waste Plastic Pyrolysis Oil
3 Jatropha Methyl Ester
4 Experimental Setup
5 Results and Discussion
5.1 Performance Characteristics
5.2 Emission Characteristics
6 Conclusion
References
Performance Analysis of Hybrid Photovoltaic Array Configurations Under Randomly Distributed Shading Patterns
1 Introduction
2 Modeling of a Photovoltaic Module
3 Modeling of Hybrid Photovoltaic Array Configurations
4 Performance Analysis of Hybrid PV Array Configurations
5 Cumulative Distribution Function
6 Conclusion
References
Flow Improvement Aspect with Stagger Angle Variation of the Subsequent Rotor in Contra-rotating Axial Flow Turbine
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Validation
3.2 Skin Friction Lines on First Rotor Blade
3.3 Skin Friction Lines on Second Rotor Blade
3.4 Flow and Deviation Angles
3.5 Flow Field at R2 Inlet and Stage Performance
4 Conclusions
References
Performance Assessment of Pelton Turbine with Traditional and Novel Hooped Runner by Experimental Investigation
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Setup
3 Numerical Calculation
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Evaluation of LVRT Control Strategies for Offshore Wind Farms
1 Introduction
2 LVRT Regulations for OWF
3 Modeling of Offshore Wind Power System
3.1 Full Converter WTG
3.2 HVDC Converters Control
3.3 Test System
4 LVRT Strategies
5 Results and Discussion
5.1 Test Case I
5.2 Test Case II
6 Conclusion
References
An Experimental and CFD Analysis on Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Characteristics of a Tube Equipped with X-Shaped Tape Insert in a U-Shaped Heat Exchanger
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Section
2.1 Thermal Model
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Experimental Results
3.2 Modelling Results
4 Conclusion
5 Authors Information
References
Single-Particle Analysis of Thermally Thick Wood Particles in O2, N2, CO2 Atmosphere
1 Introduction
1.1 Chemistry and Thermodynamics of the Gasification Process
2 Present Study
2.1 The Experiments
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Effect of Temperature on Conversion Rate
3.2 Study on Flaming Pyrolysis
3.3 Influence of Density on Conversion Rate
4 Conclusion
References
An Analysis for Management of End-of-Life Solar PV in India
1 Introduction
2 Solar Panel: Types and Components
3 Overview of Solar Photovoltaics Across the Globe
3.1 Current Status
3.2 End-of-Life PV Modules
4 Recent Policies and Progress in Solar PV Recycling
4.1 Policies Around the World
4.2 Methods of PV Panel Recycling
4.3 Progresses in PV Panel Recycling
5 Environmental and Social Impacts
6 Financial Viability
7 Future of PV Recycling in India
8 Conclusion
References
Localized Energy Self-sufficiency (Energy Swaraj) for Energy Sustainability and Mitigating Climate Change
1 Introduction
1.1 Finding Balance Between Scarcity and Excess Use of Energy
1.2 Demand and Supply of Energy
1.3 Role of Renewable Decentralized/Distributed Power Systems
2 The Model of Localized Energy Self-Sufficiency
2.1 Conceptual Model Through Causal Loop Diagram
2.2 Implementation of the LESS Model
3 Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Pseudocapacitive Energy Storage in Copper Oxide and Hydroxide Nanostructures Casted Over Nickel-Foam
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Method
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Formation of Cu(OH)2-CuO Nanostructures
3.2 Structural Study of the Developed Copper Hydroxide-Oxide Nanostructures
3.3 Morphological Study of the Developed Copper Hydroxide-Oxide Nanostructures
3.4 Electrochemical Study of the Developed Copper Hydroxide-Oxide Nanostructures Casted Over Ni-foam Electrode
4 Conclusion
References
Validation of Computer Code Based on Nodal Integral Method Against KAPS-2 Phase-B Data
1 Introduction
2 Nodal Integral Method (NIM)
3 Start-up Instrumentation
4 Phase-B Commissioning
4.1 Initial Fuel Loading
4.2 First Approach to Criticality (FAC)
4.3 Low-Power Physics Experiments
5 Results and Discussions
6 Conclusions
References
Bipolar DC Micro-Grid Based Wind Energy Systems
1 Introduction
2 System Description and Modeling
2.1 Overview of Bipolar DC Micro-grid
2.2 Three-Level Boost Converter
2.3 Bidirectional Buck–Boost Converter
3 Control Approach
3.1 Maximum Power Point Tracking
3.2 Control of Bidirectional Buck–Boost
4 Simulation Results
4.1 Steady-State Analysis
4.2 Dynamic Analysis
5 Conclusion
References
Processing Thermogravimetric Analysis Data for Pyrolysis Kinetic Study of Microalgae Biomass
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Section
2.1 Materials
2.2 Material Characterization
2.3 Thermogravimetric Analysis
2.4 Kinetic Analysis
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Thermal Degradation Characteristics of Scenedesmus sp.
3.2 Pyrolysis Kinetic Analysis
4 Conclusions
References
Photovoltaic Thermal Collectors with Phase Change Material for Southeast of England
1 Introduction
2 Model
3 Results
4 Conclusions
References
Modeling and Simulation of Hollow Fiber Biocatalyst Membrane Reactor
1 Introduction
2 Model Formulation
2.1 Reactant Mass Balance Over Inert Membrane
2.2 Mass Transfer from Lumen to Inert Membrane
2.3 Reactant Mass Balance Over the Spongy Matrix
3 Results
3.1 Practical Real-Life System
3.2 Power Law Kinetics
4 Discussion
Appendix: Nomenclature
References
Efficient Alkaline Peroxide Pretreatment of Sterculia foetida Fruit Shells for Production of Reducing Sugar: Effect of Process Parameters on Lignin Removal
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Materials
2.2 Low-Temperature Alkaline Peroxide Pretreatment
2.3 Autoclave-Assisted Alkaline Peroxide Pretreatment
2.4 Measurements and Analysis
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 FTIR Analysis of Untreated and Pretreated Biomass
4 LOI and TCI of the Pretreated Samples
4.1 Lignin Removal
4.2 Reducing Sugars Estimation by DNS Assay
5 Conclusions
References
Performance Enhancement of Savonius Hydrokinetic Turbine with a Unique Vane Shape: An Experimental Investigation
1 Introduction
2 Conceptual Discussion
3 Data Reduction
3.1 Tip Speed Ratio (TSR)
3.2 Coefficient of Power (Cp)
3.3 Coefficient of Torque (Ct)
4 Experimental Investigation
4.1 Experimental Setups and Organization
5 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Techno-economic Analysis for Production of Biodiesel and Green Diesel from Microalgal Oil
1 Introduction
2 Process Design
2.1 Feedstock
2.2 Reaction Mechanism and Conditions
2.3 Production of Biodiesel from Microalgal Oil
2.4 Production of Green Diesel from Microalgal Oil
3 Economic Analysis
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Variation of Production Cost with Plant Capacity
4.2 Various Cost-Contributing Factors on the Manufacturing Cost
4.3 Comparison of Transesterification with HDO Process
5 Conclusion
References
Numerical Investigation on the Effect of EGR in a Premixed Natural Gas SI Engine
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Methodology
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Transitions in the Indian Electricity Sector: Impacts of High Renewable Share
1 Introduction
1.1 Research Question
2 Methodology
2.1 Data Used
2.2 Data Processing
2.3 Model Methodology
2.4 Cost Calculations
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Scenario Types and Results
3.2 Conclusions
References
Comparison of Physics Characteristics of Pressurized Water Reactor Type Advanced Light Water Reactors
1 Introduction
2 Comparison of Nuclear Design Characteristics of PWR-Type Advanced LWRs
2.1 Westinghouse Advanced Passive (AP-1000) PWR
2.2 Evolutionary/European PWR Design (EPR-1650)
2.3 Russian VVER-1000 Reactors
3 Materials and Methods
3.1 Computational Methodology
3.2 Reactor State Descriptions
4 Results and Discussions
4.1 Lattice Physics Characteristics
4.2 Core Physics Characteristics
5 Conclusions
References
Development of a Python Module “SARRA” for Refuelling Analysis of MSR Using DRAGON Code
1 Introduction
2 Lattice Description
3 Methodology
4 Results
4.1 No Refuelling Case
4.2 K-Infinity Variation with Number of Refuelling Cycle
4.3 Effect of Refuelling on Equilibrium State
5 Conclusion
References
The Effect of Concentration Ratio and Number of P-N Thermocouples on Photovoltaic-Thermoelectric Hybrid Power Generation System
1 Introduction
2 System Description and Principle
3 Thermal Modeling
3.1 Energy Balance Equation of PV Module
3.2 Energy Balance equation of TEG
3.3 Energy Balance equation for CPV-TEG hybrid Power Generation System
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusions
Appendix
References
Evaluation of Annual Electrical Energy Through Semitransparent (Glass to Glass) and Opaque Photovoltaic Module in Clear Sky Condition at Composite Climate: A Comparative Study
1 Introduction
2 System Description and Principal
3 Mathematical Modelling
3.1 Semitransparent PV Module
3.2 Opaque PV Module
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Current Practices and Emerging Trends in Safety Analysis of NPPs
1 Introduction
2 Safety Analysis of NPPs
3 Plant States for Safety Analysis
4 Safety Analysis Approach
5 Summary
References
Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 on Ionic Liquid Stabilized Reverse Pulse Electrodeposited Copper Oxides
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Details
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Synthesis of Copper Oxide Films
3.2 Structural Characterization
3.3 Morphological Characterization
3.4 FTIR of the Materials
3.5 Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
4 Conclusion
References
Performance of Flux Mapping System During Spatial Xenon Induced Oscillations in PHWRs
1 Introduction
2 Space-Time Dependent Neutron Diffusion Equation
3 Flux Mapping System
3.1 Flux Mapping Algorithm
3.2 Modes Used for Flux Mapping
3.3 Vanadium SPND Modeling
4 Xenon Instabilities in PHWRs
5 Dynamic Performance of FMS
6 Results
7 Conclusions
References
Forecasting of Electricity Demand and Renewable Energy Generation for Grid Stability
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Proposed Approach
3.1 Data Sources
3.2 Feature Engineering
3.3 Machine Learning-Based Modeling
3.4 Weather Forecast-Based Predictions
4 Results
4.1 Electricity Demand Forecasting
4.2 Forecasting of Solar, Wind, and Net Generation
4.3 Comparison for Different Days of the Week
4.4 Comparison for Different Hours of the Day
5 Conclusion
References
Platooning of Flat Solar-Panel-Mounted Mini Bus Model—A Numerical Investigation
1 Introduction
2 Problem Definition
3 Numerical Implementation
4 Wind Tunnel Testing
5 Two and Three Vehicles Platooning
5.1 Effect of Separation Distance
5.2 Effect of Speed
5.3 Effect of Yaw Angle
6 Conclusions
References
Co-sensitization of Perovskite Solar Cells by Organometallic Compounds: Mechanism and Photovoltaic Characterization
1 Introduction
2 Experimental
2.1 Materials and Synthesis
2.2 Solar Cell Fabrication
2.3 Characterization Techniques
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusions
References
Nuclear Power Plants and Human Resources Development in South Asia
1 Introduction
2 Nuclear Reactors and Developing Economies
3 Skilled Manpower for Nuclear Power Plant
3.1 Institutions for Nuclear Engineering Education in South Asia
3.2 Human Resources Development for Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant in Bangladesh
4 Conclusions
References
Highly Stable Pt/CVD-Graphene-Coated Superstrate Cu2O Photocathode for Water Reduction
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Section
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Device Fabrication
3.2 PEC Stability Test of the Superstrate Photocathodes
4 Summary and Future Direction
References
Thermodynamic Studies on Steel Slag Waste Heat Utilization for Generation of Synthesis Gas Using Coke Oven Gas (COG) as Feedstock
1 Introduction
2 Methodology: Gibbs Energy Minimization
3 Numerical Procedure
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Reactivity-Initiated Transients for 700 MWe PHWR
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Transient 1: LOR Incident for Distorted Flux Configuration
3.1 Trip on SDS#1
3.2 Trip on SDS#2
4 Transient 2: Local Change in Reactivity Due to PT-CT Break
4.1 Break Location: Bottom of Core
4.2 Break Location: Center of Core
5 Transient 3: Inadvertent Entry of Fuel Locator into Coolant Channel
6 Conclusion
References
Multi-field Solar Thermal Power Plant with Linear Fresnel Reflector and Solar Power Tower
1 Introduction
2 Plant Configurations and Techno-Economic Analysis
2.1 LFR-DSG Configuration
2.2 SPT-Molten Salt Configuration
2.3 Multi-field Configuration
3 Thermo-Economic Analysis
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Experimental Investigation Using Enriched Biogas in S-I Engine for Stable Rural Electrification
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Method
3 Result and Discussions
3.1 Effect of CH4 Concentration in the Yield of a Biogas Generator
3.2 Difference of Methane Concentration Effect in Electric Load
3.3 Exhaust Emission from Biogas Generator
4 Conclusions
References
Solar Autoclave for Rural Hospitals Using Aerogel as Transparent Insulation Material
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Hospital Visit
2.2 Total Heat Requirement
2.3 Design Radiation
2.4 Design of Concentrator
3 Calculation and Fabrication of Collector
4 Experimental Setup
5 Result and Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Numerical Investigation on the Influence of Reactant Gas Concentration on the Performance of a PEM Fuel Cell
1 Introduction
2 Problem Specification and Mathematical Formulation
3 Numerical Procedure
3.1 Mesh Independence Test
3.2 Validation
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Effect of Reactant Gas Configuration on Cathode Water Concentration
4.2 Effect of Reactant Gas Configuration on the Polarization Curve
4.3 Effect of Reactant Gas Configuration on Overpotential
5 Conclusion
References
Energy Efficiency Analysis of a Building Envelope
1 Introduction
2 Proposed FCIPA
3 Behavior of FCIPA Under Direct Compression
4 Thermal Analysis of Building
4.1 Building Orientation
4.2 Building Material and Insulation Type
4.3 Building Glass Window/Door
5 Results and Discussions
5.1 Strength Tests on FCIPA
5.2 Effect of Orientation on Building Thermal Efficiency
5.3 Effect of Material on Building Thermal Efficiency
5.4 Effect of Window/Door Glass on Building Thermal Efficiency
6 Cost and Benefit Analysis
7 Conclusions
References
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