Principles of Physical Chemistry [46 ed.] 9382956018, 9789382956013

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Comprehensively Covering the B.Sc. and M.Sc. Syllabi Prescribed by the UGC Also catering to th~ ne11f!; .;istudents apptraring i~iarious cainpeti(i~e-~xa .

Late B.R. PURI M.Se-, Ph.D" F.R.I.C, F.NA, Professor of Physical Chemistry, Panjao University, Chandigarh

MADAN S. PATHANII\-

1.R, SHARMA M.Sc., Ph.D .. fR.tC. (London). foonerly, Professor of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Panjab University, Ch_andigarh

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• 'M-Sc., Ph.D_ (Wllst Viiyinia University, U.SA). · Formerly, Professor of Physical Chemistry. Panjab University, Chandigarh

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First published: July, 1962 · ©Copyright Reserved : 2012·-2013

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~------------------·--·-----·---PREF ACE TO THE

46th EDITION

'This is the Golden Jubilee Year of the publication of the Principles ofPhysical Che;mistry and the occasion calls for some kind of celebration. It is a matter of immense pleasure and satisfaction that this text has successfully retained its prestigious position for five decades (the first edition of the book appeared in l 962}. Thjs has been due to the fact-that we have been reyising the book almost every year to highlight modern topics. At several places the text has been thoroughly revised. Physical chemistry ·is traditionally divided into three parts-structure, equilibrium, change-and usually taught in that sequence though certain topics ~annot be neatly accom_modated in this scheme. The syllabus suggested by the UGC broadly conform"s to this pattern and we have produced a text"whicli"deals with the . subject in a rigorous and comprehensive way to cater to the needs of the graduate and post-graduate students of physical chemistry in the Indian universities and colleges. The significant feature of this edition is that two new chapters have been ad_ded: Quantum mechanics is· dealt with in three chapters, instead of the earlier two, and statistical thermodynamics is spread over two chapter_s. Some material has been shifted at several places within the chapters to maintain continuity and impart lucidity and simplicity to the treatment. Structure dominates science and chemistry is no exception. And quantum mechanics and spectroscopy are the chemist's tools to deal adequately with structure. Complete quantum mechanical treatment of the hydrogen ·atom, with special e.mpliasis ~n the detaikd solution of the S"chr6dinger equation, has been given·. The radial equation and the spherical harmonics have a·t last received the emphasis they really deserved. Also, the approximate methods. fqr . the wave mechanical treatment of many-electron atoms have been updated. The_ perturbation theory,--both non-degenerate and degenerate-has been adequately dealt with· and applied to the (ii-st excited state of hydrogen atom. Several other modern topics which were earlier wr_itten as.Appendices