Presbyterian Board of Publication - Historical Text Book and Atlas of Biblical Geography

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J

piTiFsiisirr]

MODERN JEB.USALEM THE CHRISTIAN QUARTER.

L 1

Goliath's Castle.

2 Latin Convent 8 Church of the Holy Sepulchre.

4 G-reek Convent. 5 Coptic Convent. 6 Ruins of

John's Hospital.

St.

7 Greek Church.

St. John's.

8 Residence of the Christian Bishop. 9 Church of the Greek Schismatics. 10 Tower of Hippicus. David's Tower. 11 Supposed site of the Tower of Phasaelus 1§ The Prussian Consulate.

Modem Evangelical ChurcL 14 Hospital and Syrian Convent.

IS

THE ARMENIAN QUARTER.

IL

15 Armeniaji Convent, with the Church of St. Jamer. The only building in JeTusalem which presents any appearance of 16 Nunnery of St. George.

17 Barracks. ni. THE JEWS' QUARTER. The most wretched in the city.

18 Synagogue of the Shepardim. 19 Synagogue of the Portuguese Jews. go Mosque.

THE MOHAMMEDAN QUARTER.

IV.

21

Khan and

Bazaar,

gg Mineral Bath. gS Convent and Schools. 24 Institute

for

Blind Dervishes.

25 Hospital of St. Helena. 26 Reputed site of the House of the Rich Man. 27 Reputed site of the House of St. Veronica. 28 Residence of the Turkish Pasha. 29 Arch of the "Ecce Homo." §0 Place of the

''

Scala Sancta/' the Holy Staircase.

§1 Pilate's House.

§2 Place of Flagellation.

House

§8 Ruins of a Church. §4 Church of

St.

§§ House of Herod. V.

of

Simon the

Pharisee.

Anna. Dervish's Mosque.

THE MOORS' QUARTER,

House b American Burial-ground. c David's Tomb, a Armenian Convent.

of Caiaphas.

d Place of Wailing of the Jews. Just witliin Zion's Gate are the -wretched ahodes of lepers.

cotDfort.

AN

HISTORICAL

TEXT BOOK AND ATLAS OF

iUital #Mgra)j|j.

By

LYMAN COLEMAN.

fUirt71RSIT7l

^^^^^

PHILADELIPHIA: PRESBYTERIAN BOARD OF PUBLICATION, 265

CHESTNUT STREET.

1855.

.t^"

^c^

5Xvcy ARRANGEMENT WITH THE AMERICAN

riRSI ENTERED AT STATIOITEllS' HALL BT INTERNATIONAL

Entered according

to

PKOPRIBTORS.

Act of Congress, in the year 1854, by

LIPPINCOTT, GRAMBO in the Clp"k's Office of the District

A CO.

Court of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.

8TEBE0TTPED BY L. JOHNSON * PHILADELPHIA.

PRINTED BY

C.

SHERMAN.

CO.

PREFACE.

History without Geography is incomplete and unsatisfactory. The duty of the historian is, not only to record the events of his narrative, with their causes and consequences, but to sketch the attending scenes and circumstances, so as to present a clear and living picture of the whole. For

this pui'pose

Geography comes

to the aid of History, to delineate the scenery of the historicountry where the event recorded transpired, to depict the

cal narrative, to describe the city or

mountain, plain, or valley, the ocean, sea, or river, the lake or fountain that blend in the surrounding landscape. Nothing so effectually aids lis to call up from the tomb the figure of the past and reinvest it with its former lineaments, as these changeless features of nature. These alone More than all else they carry us back to live in the bygone give reality and life to the picture.

days of history, and to become living actors in its stirring scenes. Zion is still beautiful for situation, as in the days of the Psalmist

;

the

hills

stand about Jeru-

salem now as they did when their picturesque beauties inspired the song of the royal bard. There is the Mount of Olives, and Mount Moriah, with the deep, silent valley below; and there is

"

Siloa's brook," still fresh

and

full,

as

when

it

flowed "fast by the oracle of God."

The

heights of Hebron, the grazing-grounds and wells of Beersheba, are the same as when Abraham, Lebanon and Carmel, Tabor, Hermon and Isaac, and Jacob tended there their flocks.

Bashan, the Lake of Galilee and its winding shores, are clad still in all the varied beauties which held and charmed the eye of Jesus of Nazareth. These, contemplated in vivid mental conception, carry us back to walk with Jesus by the silent, solemn shore of that lake, to commune in spirit with the sweet singer of Israel, and to converse with Abraham, Isaac, and

Jacob on the tented field. Thus History and Geography are inseparably associated together, and should ever be studied in connection. Each, by association, lends new interest to the other ; and both are learned with more ease than either when studied separately. Read with careful reference to geographical and chronological data, locate in time as in history, and in space as in geography, the events of the past, trace upon chart and map the shifting scenes of the narrative, and what was before insipid and profitless, becomes, like the "expressive canvas" and the "speaking marble," instinct with life and spirit. What was crowded in confusion upon the mind, spreads out in distinct

and beautiful perspective, leaving an impression clear and abiding as the landscape of

the painter.

History and Geography are by

common consent

considered indispensable branches of study

in every primary school. Ancient history and classical geography occupy a large place in every liberal course of education, and why ? only that, as names and places occur in conversation,

reading, or public address, we may have some acquaintance with their relative position and But the importance, together with the historical incidents with which they are associated. cities

and

sites of

Scripture History come before us in reading, in conversation, and in the day of our life, from childhood to hoary age, while we live

instructions of the pulpit, every in

profound ignorance of them, and count

Geography,

infinitely

it

more important and more

no reproach, no loss. Sacred History and attractive than the histories and geographies 3

PREFACE.

4

What school or acadorny, even of our schools, has no place in our public systems of education. what system of Public Edu•when proposing a course of study peculiarly select and religious its in what College or Theological Seminary even, includes cation plan of study the Geography the read and History of the Bible ? How many, accordingly, Scriptures daily, and for half a

—

—

of the localities and century profess to expound them it may be, without any just conception Mount of the of Olives, or of of of of Jerusalem, Nazareth, Capernaum, scenery of Bethlehem, dark Gethsemane localities and scenes around which cluster the most hallowed associations

—

of the Christian. is the result of an humble effort and an earnest desire to associate together, which have been briefly indicated, the History and Geography of the Scriptures, and to allure the young and assist them in an interested and intelligent perusal of the Book of God. Whatever may be the consideration in which this Text Book itself shall be held, we claim that the subject of it undeniably ought to have a place, not only in the Bible-class and Sundayschool, but in the primary and grammar school, the college and the theological seminary. The general plan of the book is the same as that of the Historical Geography of the Bible,

The following work

for reasons

It is not, however, an abridgment, but a separate, independent treatise, published in 1849. to a new and extended course of reading, preparatory to the task the writer which has called

Book and Atlas. What was scattered in many volumes is here no "with cursory pains, to save the reader a far longer travail of wandering brought together, The works which have been chiefly consulted in the prepaauthors." so desert many through ration of this manual are subjoined at the conclusion of these remarks. But the present work is by no means offered to the public as a substitute for the Historical Geography of the Bible. The object has been to provide a series of maps more distinct and satisfactory, and to reduce the letter-press into the dimensions requisite for an elementary Text Book. For these purposes the Maps have been prepared, on the basis of Kiepert's Bible Atlas, compared with that of Wieland and Ackermann, and the maps of Drs. Robinson and These maps are engraved on steel Wilson, Lieutenant Lynch, Layard, Colonel Chesney, &c. plates, in such distinctness and beauty, that we think they cannot fail to commend themselves of constructing this Text

to the favourable consideration of the public. The text has been compressed into the narrowest limits that

seemed compatible with the

design of presenting a satisfactory

compend of the wide range of Biblical Geography, Chroand without nology, History, reducing it to a barren, repulsive series of isolated statistics. attention has The division of the been Special given to the Chronology of Sacred History. work by chapters has been made in conformity with the extraordinary parallelisms which the A little attention to these divisions, compared with history of the Old Testament presents. the summary which is found on pages 43, 44, will establish several great landmarks in the chronology of the Scriptures, to which intermediate events may be easily referred, so that each shall take its relative position in the long series of ages, without encumbering the memory with a wearisome accumulation of historical dates. Such indeed is the beautiful simplicity of the chronology of the Bible, that its great outlines, may, in a single hour, be so impressed on the as never to be forgotten.

memory

By means

of the Chronological Table and the General Index, this book, like the Historical

Geography, offers the advantages of a Gazetteer for occasional reference, as well as of a manual for the consecutive reading arid study of the Bible. Such are the ends proposed in the preparation of this Text Book and Atlas. For many weary months they have been pursued with watchful care and laborious diligence ; but with what propriety or success remains to be seen in the judgment which the book awaits from the In common with other works of a kindred character, it has public to whom it is submitted. at least this special claim for public favour, that of whatever grade or name, an opportunity of

it

offers

to our Institutions of Learning,

introducing the study of the Bible into their course of education, without disturbing the denominational or sectarian prejudices of any

religious creed.

SUGGESTIONS TO INSTEUCTOES.

Bible or Sunday-school class might study this Text Book with sufficient thoroughness, to it one lesson in a week for a single year ; and any college, academy, or priappropriating by mary school might allot this amount of time to the study of the Holy Scriptures, at some convenient hour, without any apparent interference with the progress of the pupils in their secular

Any

would acquire an acquaintance with the History, Chronology, and Geography of the Bible, that would lend new attractions to this holy book, and by the grace of God might win them to a perusal of His word that would enlighten the eyes, rejoice the heart, and convert

studies, while they

it giveth light; it giveth understanding to the simple. of study somewhat more extended, the Historical Geography a course may prefer of the Bible offers a wider range of description, and a fuller detail of events and incidents,

the soul.

To such

Tlie entrance of

as

arranged and grouped according

But

in either case the

Bible

same general plan. must be the principal Text Book, to the study of which

to the

itself

subservient, while they are never to supersede the diligent Select portions of the Scripture History should ever be assigned as the lesson for rehearsal, in connection with either manual of Biblical Geography ; and every even if it is not inserted, it should be referred should be distinctly traced on the map

such compends and manuals perusal of God's own Word.

may be

locality to its appropriate position. Let the reader begin, as has

—

been already suggested on another occasion, by establishing a few landmarks, as central points from which to determine the relative positions of other places.

The

of the Bible are comprehended by a single glance at the Atlas. included between the eastern coast of the Mediterranean and the line of the

outlines of the lands

Palestine

is

Jordan with its lakes and the Dead Sea. Jerusalem is the great central point to which the Locate these distinctly in the bearings and distance of cities and countries may be referred. and the outline may be filled without mind as points of departure, for convenient reference, Natural relative arise. confusion as the details shall features, position and distance, should be distinctly noted

and bearing of

but to give specific boundaries, to attempt to define with accuracy the distance ; It leads to positive error by confounddifferent localities, is worse than useless.

The relative position and extent of ing the true with the false, the certain with the uncertain. be mistaken but who can define their and of cannot of for ; Galilee, Samaria, Judea, example, The territory of Judah and Benjamin among the tribes, and of Philistia among exact limits ? the foes of Israel, may be distinctly noted, but their specific boundaries.

it

is

neither easy nor important to trace

cities that still remain, the ruins by which they are identified, and the which invests them, have wonderful power lo daguerreotype them on the mind, and, like scenery the faithful remembrancer of a lost friend, to suggest a thousand endearing recollections. With these suggestions this little manual is respectfully commended to the consideration of to call parents, superintendents, and instructors, with the hope that it may serve in some degree their attention to a most important but neglected branch of education, and to one of the most efficient means of alluring and aiding the young in the acquisition of knowledge which it is

The names of ancient

most important for them to know

—the knowledge that may make them wise unto Eternal

Life.

AUTHORS CONSULTED.

—

Ritter's Erdkunde, 14th, 15th, and 16th parts, 4 volumes, relating and Syria, and to Judah, Samaria, and Galilee Winer's Biblisches RealVon Raumer's Palastina Arnold's Palastina, Historisch-Geographisch, with

Reland's Palestina, 2 vols, quarto to the Peninsula, to Palestine,

wbrterbuch, third edition

—

—

—

—

Helmuth's Map, one of the best that has been published Several German Commentators, particularly Robinson's Researches Rosenmiiller, Thenius, Kiel, and Havemick, together with Alexander on Isaiah Wilson's Lands of the Bible

—

round the Dead Sea

—Lepsius's

Letters

— — —Jahn's Hebrew Commonwealth—De Saulcy's Journey —Cyclopaedia—Scripture Lands, &c. —Transactions

Kitto's History of Palestine

of

—

The Works of Joseph Schwartz, Rbhr, Wheeler ; the Royal Geographical and Royal Asiatic Societies together with the articles of Dr. Robinson and the American Missionaries in the Bibliotheca Sacra, which enrich the varied literature of this learned and valuable Journal

—

—The Travels —

of the Rev. Drs. Olin and

Durbin; of Lamartine, Stevens, and many others Williams' Holy City Bartlett's Walks about Jerusalem, &c. On the Chronology of the Scriptures, Browne's Ordo Sasclorum. On the Region of Mesopotamia, the Tigris and Euphrates, Colonel Chesney's Survey. On Nineveh, Babylon, &c., the several works of Layard, Bonomi, &c. On the Tenth Chapter of Genesis, Knobel's Vblkertafel, Dr. Robinson on the of the Gospels, and Strong's Harmony and Exposition. On the Acts of the Apostles, Hackett's Commentary, Smith's Shipwreck of St. Paul, and the late and incomparable work of Conybeare and

Harmony

Howson on

the Life of St. Paul, 2 vols, quarto.

On

the

Book

of the Revelation, Brewer's

Patmos and

the Seven Churches.

The Maps

are after the

mann's Bible Atlas

—the

model of Kiepert's Bible Atlas, modified by reference to Wieland and AckerZimmermann's series of Maps of the Peninsula, Vblkertafel of Knobel

—

'

—

and Syria, accompanying the volumes of Ritter's Erdkunde Helmuth's Map of Palestine, together with the Maps of Drs. Robinson and Wilson, and those of Conybeare and Howson.

Palestine,

^V""''of rHB-"'"^'^

CONTENTS, 5.

^art

CHAPTER

I.

THE ANTEDILUVIAN PERIOD: FROM THE CREATION TO THE FLOOD. A. M. 0+1666=1656.

1666

CHAPTER A. M.

1656+430=2086.

A.

:

16

430

YEARS

26

2016—430=1586.

B. C.

CHAPTER THE PERIOD OF THE WANDERING YEARS

YEARS

III.

THE PERIOD OF THE PATRIARCHS: FROM THE PROMISE TO THE EXODE, 2086+430=2516.

430

2446— 430=2016.

B.C.

CHAPTER A. M.

IV.

FROM THE EXODE TO THE PASSAGE OVER JORDAN. 1586-40=1546.

B. C.

CHAPTER

V.

THE PERIOD OF THE THEOCRACY: THE JUDGES FROM JOSHUA TO SAMUEL. 2556+450=3006.

B. C.

CHAPTER 3046+450=3496.

40

YEARS

105

VII. 460 YEARS.. 116

1066—450=606.

B. C.

CHAPTER

68

1096—40=1066.

THE PERIOD OF THE MONARCHY: FROM DAVID TO THE BABYLONISH CAPTIVITY. A. M.

YEARS

VI.

THE INTERMEDIATE PERIOD: FROM SAMUEL TO DAVID AS KING. 3006+40=3046.

450

1546—450=1096.

B. C.

CHAPTER A. M.

40 44

M. 2516+40=2556.

A. M.

10

II.

THE PERIOD OF THE DISPERSION: FROM THE FLOOD TO THE PROMISE. ^.

YEARS

4102—1656=2446.

B. C.

VIII.

THE PERIOD OF THE CAPTIVITY AND OF THE RESTORATION: FROM THE CONQUEST OF JUDEA TO THE CONCLUSION OF THE CANON OF THE OLD TESTAMENT. 206 YEARS A. M.

3496+70+136=3702.

B. C.

155

606—70—136=400.

^m M, CHAPTER

I.

THE LIFE OF CHRIST

*...

CHAPTER THE LABOURS OF

St.

II.

PAUL

209

CHAPTER

P

1C5

III.

PATMOS, AND THE SEVEN CHURCHES

247 7

MAPS.

I.— FRONTISPIECE: ANCIENT

II.—THE

AND MODERN JERUSALEM.

WORLD AS KNOWN TO THE HEBREWS ACCORDING TO THE MOSAIC ACCOUNT.

Ill—THE ROUTES OF THE ISRAELITES THROUGH THE DESERT. CONQUEST.

CANAAN AT THE TIME OF THE

IV.— PALESTINE UNDER THE JUDGES AND KINGS, WITH THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE

TWELVE

TRIBES.

v.—PALESTINE IN THE TIME OF CHRIST.

VI.— THE TRAVELS OF OUR SAVIOUR.

Vn.—THE MISSIONARY TOURS OF THE APOSTLE PAUL.

VIII.—A

CHART OF THE ELEVATION OF VARIOUS SECTIONS OF THE LANDS OF THE BIBLE.

[lE^^[L/^RO^TQ©[i^ ©[F m/k\P

GEK THIS

comprises the world as

unknown

region of Sinim,

known

supposed

to

to the ancient

X.

Hebrews, with the exception on the

be China; and on the west of Mauritania.

ancient tribes of men, availed himself of the labours of Gesenius,

searches of the most reliable geographers and antiquaries.

western part of Asia Minor; Togarmah

is

Armenia, and

Ewaid,

Askenaz,

Gomer

Hitzig,

also referred to the region north of this sea.

authors, is placed north of Armenia, in the neighbourhood of is

Tarshish, Gen.

x. 4,

Hebrews.

to the

Spain and of Italy. Nile,

later period,

Tarshish became the

The

name

true position cf the descendants of Jcktan, in southern Arabia, in his Volkertafel.

their position

others

with classical

was

who

at this time

unknown

inhabited a part both of

most

is

on the

quite uncertain.

Only those

clearly defined.

map

names

1'hese have been varied

are underlined with colours

Later names which occur in the Prophets,

Nubia, &c., are not underlined, and classical names not found in the Bible are set in smaller type.

extent of the ancient Assyrian empire

and best

in conformity

Togarmah, Meshech, and Tubal,

of the Etruscans,

Palestine, instead of occupying its present position

which are best known and have

latest

re-

are also set farther north, to represent the Scythian nations.

a few instances on the authority of Knobel

fiuch as Persia,

with the

Casluh, Casluhim, should be located on the south-east angle of the Mediterranean, east of the

between Egypt and

The

m

others, together

Kiepert also identifies with Tarsus in Cilicia, alleging that Spain

At a

and the

author, in locating these

Gomer; but in accordance with

Gog, and Magog, the land of Gog,

and Armenian

They

and

east, of India,

occupies the region of Cappadocla between them;

v/hose position

clearly defined.

The

according to these authorities, occupies the

Riphath, the author locates on the southern shore of the Black Sea, north of it is

00a

is

also distinctly indicated,

authorities of English residents, surveyors,

and

travellers.

and the

localities

entered according to the

.\

^-t)

I?

THE'WOKtD^AS KWOWIf 'f^lTHB HEBREWS

gsiVII^SIT

THIS and the following Maps of Palestine are constnicted on the bases of Dr. Robinson's maps, the direction of Dr. E,. The plan of the Sinaitio group is Kiepert, who executed those maps under with that of represent the plains on the south of Sinai, in connection

Er

reduced by modified to

E,ahah, where Dr. R. supposes the

Israelites to have stood on the giving of the law.

On of

the south

ground

ites

for

and east of Sinai

is

seen the plain of Sebaiyeh, which, extending several miles,

the hosts of Israel, and

when they

is

assumed by

Hitter

and many

others to

have been the station of the

After leaving Sinai, the route and the stations of the Israelites are quite conjectural.

this route,

this station

a wider range Israel-

received the law from Sinai.

denotes the track of the Israelites as sketched by Dr.

from

offers

E/.

;

The continuous

on the supposition that the children of Israel occupied the plains on the south of

proceeded

in

a

direct line across the desert

red line

the shorter lines, green and blue, indicate the deviations

toward Beer-sheba

to

Kadesh-barnea

Sinai,

and from

in the desert belov/;

and then again, after thirty-eight years' wandering in the desert, are found at another Kadesh-barnea, in the deep Tliis virtually supposes that there were two places having the same name, one upon valley below the Dead Sea. the western part of the great plateau of the desert; the other, in the deep valley of the Arabah, belov/ the Sea.

See pages §5,

Dead

§6.

Lepsius contends with great earnestness and

force, that the

law must have been given on Mount

distance of a day's journey or more north-west from Sinai, near the desert of Sin. deur, to the observer, than Sinai oasis of the richest verdure,

itself,

though somewhat

inferior in height.

watered by perennial streams of water.

The

Serbal, at the

It rises in lonelier, loftier

About

its

base

is

gran-

spread a charming

mysterious Sinaitio inscriptions on

its

have been frequented as a sacred mountain by the pilgrims who recorded these memorials of themselves, which remain imperishable after all else relating to them, their language, their reThis theory of Lepsius would essentially change again the probable ligion, and their country has been totally lost.

rocky facings in every direction prove

it

to

route of the Israelites through the desert.

made

to

But Serbal stands without the group of Sinai and cannot well be

conform to the conditions of the narrative.

Ki,;-*.jn

Stpd IjyWWiIKeaM Ttal*

^3-^^ Of TEE IT

'^^^

THE boundaries

by conquest, as in the instances of Philistines is indicated in the territory

coloured It is a

by the crossing of

different colours; the

assigned to the half-tribe of

independent tribes of G-eshur, Bashan, Maachah. Manasseh. east of the Jordan, are represented by double

lines.

vain attempt to define with precision the boundaries of the several

with their natural scenery and history,

a general outline

outline

The

is

The

tribes.

cities of

traveller is

is

more

the knowledge of these

easily retained, moffe satisfactory,

the Plain, Sodom, G-omorrah, Zoar,

French

we may

and more

may

profitable

hand

of time has

distinctly noted, together

well be content.

traveller

De

Saulcy.

In geography, as in

than a minute

detail.

Such

Admah, and Zeboim, are entered on the map according to the The discovery of the sites of Sodom and G-omorrah by this

pronounced by an English journalist to be one of the most striking

The

may be of more importance in small moment compared with the

disinterment of Nineveh

its

in the

whole range of

results to the historian

biblical anti-

and the

antiquary,

Sodom and Gomorrah.

"There

something strangely awful in the idea of these living monuments of Divine vengeance, yet remaining

after six

but as a matter of feeling, is

With

soil.

effacing

be

presented in these boundaries, without any claim to minute accuracy.

late researches of the

quity.

territories are indicated

tribes

thoroughly obliterated them; but their relative position, magnitude, and importance

an

exact boundaries of the

by promise extended beyond their actual possession Judah, Dan, Asher, and Manasseh, This with reference to the land of the

Sometimes the claims of the

approximately on the map.

fee,

The

of Palestine are indicated according to their probable limits.

cannot be defined, but their relative position and the comparative extent of their

tribes

it is

of

discovery of

and

thirty centuries,

The

region around Jerusalem, where the most interesting local incidents are clustered together,

with the actual marks of the instrument of their overthrow

larger scale in the margin.

the conclusions of

De

These

discoveries,

still

visible

upon

their blasted ruins." is

however, have not been confirmed by subsequent

Saulcy must be regarded as questionable.

exhibited on a travellers,

and

v